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CAPTAIN" BILL McDONALD
TEXAS RANGER
A. Story of Fvorttier Refovm
BY
ALBERT BIGELOW PAINE
Author of "Th: Naat— His Period and
His Pictures," etc., etc.
With Introductory Letter by Theodore Roosevelt
'* No man in the wrong can stand up
against a fellow that's in the right
and keeps on a-comin'."
Bill McDonald's Crbbd.
SPECIAL SUBSCRIPTION EDITION
Made by J. J. Little & Ives Co.
New Yoek, 1909
OomnaHT, IWO. bt
WILLIAM J M, iiivM.D
To
EDWARD M. HOUSE
WITHOUT WHOSE ENDURING
FRIENDSHIP, WISE COUNSEL
AND ACTIVE INTEREST THIS
BOOK WOULD NEVER HAVE
BEEN WRITTEN
CONTENTS
Paob
Foreword: A letter from Theodore Roosevelt . . ,11
I. — Introducing "Captain Bill" 13
II. — An Old-Time Mississippi Childhood
The kind of education for a young Ranger. Presence of
mind early manifested ...... 16
III. — Emigration and Adventure
A boy at the head of a household. Meeting the "Devil
and his wife." An early reform 21
IV. — The Making of a Texan
Reconstruction and " treason . " " Dave ' ' Culberson to the
rescue. Education, marriage and politics ... 26
V. — The Beginning op Reform
Subduing a bad man. First official appointment. A
deputy who did things. " Bill ' ' McDonald and " Jim ' ' Hogg 33
VI. — Into the Wilderness
A New Business in a New Land. A " Sand-lapper " shows
his "sand" 43
VII. — Commercial Ventures and Adventures
Bill McDonald's method of collecting a bill ; and his method
of handling bad men . . . . . . .48
VIII. — Reforming the Wilderness
The kind of men to be reformed. Early reforms in Quanah.
Bad men meet their match ...... 55
IX. — Getting Even with the Brooken Gang
The Brooken Gang don't wait for callers. One hundred
and twenty-seven years' sentence for an outlaw . . 65
X. — New Tactics in No-Man's Land
A man with a buck-board. Holding up a bad gang single-
handed ......... 69
XI. — Redeeming No-Man's Land
Bill McDonald and Lon Burson gather in the bad men.
" No man in the wrong can stand up against a fellow that's
in the right and keeps on a-comin' " . . . .78
6 Contents
Page
XII. — Some op the Difficulties of Reform
" Frontier " law and practice. Caught in a Norther in
No-Man's Land . . . . . . . .87
XIII. — Captain Bill as a Tree-Man
The lost drove of Lazarus. A pilgrim on a "paint-hoss."
A new way of getting information in the " Strip" . . 95
XIV. — The Day for " Deliveries "
The tree-man turns officer, and single-handed wipes out a
bad gang ......... 106
XV. — Cleaning Up the Strip
Deputy Bill gets "stood off," but makes good. Bill Cook
and "Skeeter," "A hell of a court to plead guilty in!" . 115
XVI. — Texas Ranger Service and Its Origin
The massacre of Fort Parker; Cynthia Ann Parker's capture.
Rangers and what they are for. Their characteristics
and their requirements . . . . . .126
XVII. — Captain of Company B, Ranger Force
Capture of Dan and Bob Campbell. Recommendations for
a Ranger Captain. Governor " Jim " Hogg appoints his old
friend on the strength of them . . . . .136
XVIII. — An Exciting Indian Campaign
First service as Ranger Captain. Biggest Indian scare on
record ......... 145
XIX. — A Bit of Farming and Politics
Captain Bill and his goats. The "car-shed" convention 149
XX. — Taming the Pan-handle
The difference between cowboys and "bad men." How
Captain Bill made cow-stealing unpopular . . .154
XXI. — The Battle with Matthews
What happened to a man who had decided to kill Bill
McDonald 165
XXII. — What Happened to Beckham
An outlaw raid and a Ranger battle. Joe Beckham ends
his career ......... 176
Contents
Page
XXIII. — A Medal for Speed
Captain Bill outruns a criminal and wins a gold medal . 179
XXIV. — Captain Bill in Mexico
Mexican thieves try to hold up Captain Bill and get a sur-
prise. Mexican police make the same attempt with the
same result. President Diaz tries to enlist him . . 182
XXV. — A New Style in the Pan-handle
Charles A, Culberson pays a tribute to Ranger marksman-
ship. Captain Bill in a "plug" hat . . . .189
XXVI. — Preventing a Prize-Fight
The Fitzsimmons-Maher fight that didn't come off at El
Paso, and why. Captain Bill "takes up" for a Chinaman 194
XXVII. — The Wichita Falls Bank Robbery and Murder
Kid Lewis and his gang take advantage of the absence of
the Rangers. They make a bad calculation and come
to grief. Good examples of Bill McDonald's single-handed
work, and nerve ....... 199
XXVIII. — Captain Bill as a Peace-maker
He attends certain strikes and riots alone with satisfactory
results. Goes to Thurber and disperses a mob . .214
XXIX. — The Buzzard's Water-Hole Gang
The Murder Society of San Saba and what happened to it
after the Rangers arrived . . . .221
XXX. — Quieting a Texas Feud
The Reece-Townsend trouble, and how the factions were
once dismissed by Captain Bill McDonald . . . 243
XXXI. — The Trans-Cedar Mystery
The lynching of the Humphreys and what happened to the
lynchers ......... 250
XXXII. — Other Mobs and Riots
Rangers at Orange and at Port Arthur. Five against four
hundred 260
XXXIII.— Other Work in East Texas
Districts which even a Ranger finds hopeless. The Touch-
stone murder. The confession of Ab Angle . . . 265
8 Contents
Paok
XXXIV. — A Wolf-Hunt with the President
Captain Bill sees the President through Texas and accom-
panies him on the "best time of his life." Quanah Parker
tells stories to the hunters ..... 273
XXXV. — The Conditt Murder Mystery
A terrible crime at Edna, Texas. Monk Gibson's arrest
and escape. The greatest man-hunt in history . . . 290
^XXXVI. — The Death of Rhoda McDonald
The end of a noble woman's life. Her letter of good-by 304
XXXVII. — The Conditt Mystery Solved
Captain Bill as a "sleuth." The tell-tale handprint. A
Ranger captain's theories established .... 308
XXXVIII. — The Brownsville Episode: An Event of Na-
tional Importance
The Twenty-fifth Infantry's midnight raid . . 315
XXXIX. — Captain Bill on the Scene
The situation at Brownsville. Rangers McDonald and
McCauley defy the U. S. army. Captain Bill holds a
court of inquiry ........ 323
XL. — What Finally Happened at Brownsville
How State officials failed to support the men who quieted
disorder and located crime . . . . . .341
XLI. — The Battle on the Rio Grande
Assassination of Judge Stanley Welch. A Rio Grande
election. Captain Bill ordered to the scene. An ambush;
a surprise, and an inquest. Captain Bill's last battle. 357
XLII. — The End of Rangering and a New Appointment
State Revenue Agent of Texas. The "Full Rendition"
Bill enforced. A great battle for Tax Reform, and a blood-
less triumph ........ 373
XLIII. — Conclusion
Captain Bill McDonald of Texas — what he has been and
what he is to-day 388
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Pagb
Portrait op Capt. Bill McDonald . . . Frontispiece
Facsimile of Letter from Theodore Roosevelt . . .11
Introducing Reform in the Wilderness . . . .46
Beginning a Campaign in No-man's Land . . . .75
The Capture of Dan and Bob Campbell . . . .138
The Battle with Matthews at Quanah . . . .173
Quelling a Lynching Mob at Wichita Falls . , .211
In Camp with Theodore Roosevelt 283
Captain Bill's Last Battle . . . . . . 367
The white housc
WASHINGTON
December 19, 1908.
My dear Captain:
I am glad you are to publish your memorials. I shall
alv;ays look back with pleasure to our wolf hunt in Oklahoma.
Yours has been a most interesting life. You are one of the
few men now living; who served in that warfare ajjainst crime
and on behalf of order, which has well nigh passed away with
the old frontier conditions which called it into being. For
a number of years you wore deputy sheriff, or deputy marshal,
or representative of the cattle men's associations employed
by them to put a stop to cattle stealing and robbery under
arms, and you served for twenty years in that unique body,
the Texas Rangers. It is a career v/hich henceforth it will
be difficult to parallel.
With all cood wishos, believe me.
Sincerely yours.
Captain W. J. McDonald,
New Amsterdam Hotel',
Kcw York, N.Y.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT'S LETTER TO CAPTAIN McDONALD
FOREWORD
A Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Captain
McDonald
The White House,
Washington.
December 19, 1908.
My deak Captain: I am glad you are to publish
your memorials. I shall always look back with
pleasure to our wolf -hunt in Oklahoma. Yours has
been a most interesting life. You are one of the few
men now living who served in that warfare against
crime and on behalf of order, which has well-nigh
passed away with the old frontier conditions which
called it into being. For a number of years you
were deputy sheriff, or deputy marshal, or repre-
sentative of the cattlemen's associations, employed
by them to put a stop to cattle stealing and robbery
under arms, and you served for twenty years in that
unique body, the Texas Rangers. It is a career
which henceforth it will be difficult to parallel.
With all good wishes, believe me,
Sincerely yours,
Theodoke Roosevelt.
CAPTAIN BILL McDONALD,
TEXAS RANGER
Introducing ** Captain Bill ''
Captain Bill McDonald is a name that in Texas
and the districts lying adjacent thereto makes the
pulse of a good citizen, and the feet of an outlaw,
move quicker. Its owner is a man of fifty-six, drawn
out long and lean like a buckskin thong, with the
endurance and constitution of the same.
In repose, Captain Bill is mild of manner; his
speech is a gentle vernacular, his eyes are like the
summer sky. I have never seen him in action, but
I am told that then his voice becomes sharp and
imperative, that his eyes turn into points of gray
which pierce the offender through.
Two other features bespeak this man's character
and career : his ears and his nose — the former, alert
and extended — the ears of the wild creature, the
hunter; the latter of that stately Roman architec-
ture which goes with conquest, because it signifies
courage, resolution and the peerless gift of com-
mand.
14 Captain Bill McDonald
His nerves are of that quiet and steady sort whicli
belong to a tombstone and he does not disturb them
with tobacco or stimulants of any kind — ^not even
with tea and coffee. In explanation, he once said:
'^ Well, you see, sometimes I have to be about
two-fifths of a second quicker than the other fellow,
♦ and a little quiver, then, might be fatal."
Incidentally, it may be added that Captain Bill
— they love to call him that in Texas — is ranked as
the best all-round rapid-fire marksman in the State,
and for the '* other fellow " to begin shooting is
believed to be equivalent to suicide. Add to these
various attributes a heart in which tenderness, strict
honesty and an overwhelming regard for duty
prevail, and you have in full. Captain William Jesse
McDonald, formerly Deputy Sheriff, Deputy U. S.
Marshal and Banger Captain, now State Eevenue
Agent of Texas.
It is the story of this man that we shall undertake
to tell. During his twenty-five years or more of
service in the field, he reduced those once lawless
districts known as the Pan-handle, No-man's Land,
and, incidentally, Texas at large to a condition of
such proper behavior that nowhere in this country
is life and property safer than in the very localities
where only a few years ago the cow-thief and the
train-robber reigned supreme. Their species have
become scarce and ^ * hard to catch ' ' there now, and
the skittish officials who used to shield them have
been trained to ** stand hitched.'' The story of a
Introducing " Captain Bill " 15
reform like that is worth the telling, for it is the
unwritten history of a territory so vast that if
moved to the Atlantic seaboard it would extend
from New York to Chicago, from Lake Erie to the
Gulf of Mexico — its area equal to that of France
and England combined, with Wales, Belgium, the
Netherlands and Switzerland thrown in, for good
measure' Furthermore, it is the story of a man
who, in making that history, faced death almost
daily, often under those supreme conditions when
the slightest hesitancy — the twitch of a muscle or
the bat of an eyelid — a *^ little quiver,'' as he put
it — ^would have been fatal ; it is the story of a man
who time and again charged into the last retreat of
armed and desperate murderers and brought them
out hand-cuffed, the living ones, of course; it is
the story of a man who, according to Major Block-
som, in his report of the Brownsville troubles in
1906, would * ' Charge hell with a bucket of water. ' '
In a word, it is the story of a man who has done
things, who is still doing them, and whose kind is
passing away forever.
n
An Old Time Mississippi Childhood
the kind of an education for a young ranger,
presence of mind early manifested
In those days when the Mississippi planter was
only something less than a feudal baron, with slaves
and wide domain and vested rights ; with horses,
hounds and the long chase after fox and good red
deer; with horn and flagon and high home wassail
in the hall — in those days was born William Jesse
McDonald, September 28th, 1852. His father,
Enoch McDonald, was the planter of the feudal
type — fearless, fond of the chase, the owner of wide
acres and half a hundred slaves — ^while his grand-
father, of the clan McDonald on its native heath,
was a step nearer in the backward line to some old
laird who led his men in roistering hunt or bloody
fray amid the green hills and in dim glens of Scot-
land.
That was good blood, and from his mother, who
was a Durham — Eunice Durham — the little chap
that was one day to be a leader on his own account,
inherited as a clear a strain. The feudal hall in
Mississippi, however, was a big old plantation
An Old Time Mississippi Childhood 17
house, built of hewn logs and riven boards, with
woods and cotton-fields on every hand; with cabins
for the slaves and outbuildings of every sort. That
was in Kemper County, over near the Alabama line,
with DeKalb, the county-seat, about twenty miles
away.
It was a peculiar childhood that little '* Bill
Jess " McDonald had. It was full of such things
as the home-coming of the hunters with a deer or a
fox — sometimes (and these were grand occasions)
even with a bear. Then there were wonderful ball-
games played by the Bogue Chita and Mucklilutia
Indians ; exciting shooting-matches and horse races ;
long fishing and swimming days with companions
black and white, and the ever recurring chase, with
the bloodhounds, of some runaway slave. There
was not much book-schooling in a semi-barbaric
childhood such as that. There was a school-house,
of course, which was used for a church and gather-
ings of any sort, and sometimes the children had
lessons there. But the Kemper County teaching of
that day was mainly to ride well, to shoot at sight,
and to act quickly in the face of danger. That was
the proper education for the boy who was one day
to make the Texas Pan-handle and No-man's land
his hunting ground, with men for his quarry.
Presence of mind he had as a gift, and it was
early manifested. There was a lake not far away
where fishing and swimming went on almost con-
tinuously during the summer days, and sometimes
18 Captain Bill McDonald
the small swimmers would muddy the water near
the shore and then catch the fish in their hands.
They were doing this one day when Bill Jess was
heard to announce excitedly:
<< IVe got him, boys! IVe got him! You can't
beat mine ! ' ' at the same instant swinging his catch
high for them to see.
That was a correct statement. They couldn't beat
his catch and they didn't want to. What they
wanted to do was to get out of his neighborhood
without any unnecessary delay, for the thing he
held up to view was an immense deadly moccasin,
grasped with both hands by the neck, the rest of it
curling instantly around the lower arm. His hold
was so tight and so near its head that the snake
could not bite him, but the problem was to turn it
loose. His friends were all ashore and at a safe
distance. He did not lose his head, however, but
wading ashore himself he invited them one after
another to unwind that snake. Nobody cared for
the job and he told them in turn and collectively
what he thought of them. Then he offered the honor
to a litle slave boy on attractive terms.
** Alec," he said, ** ef you-all don't come an' un-
wind this heah snake, I'll beat you-all to death an'
cut off yo' ears an' skin you alive and give yo'
carcass to the buzzards. ' '
Those were the days when a little slave-boy could
not resist an earnest entreaty of that sort from the
son of the household, and Jim came forward, his
An Old Time Mississippi Childhood 19
face gray with gratitude, and taking hold gingerly-
he unwound a yard or so of water-moccasin from
Bill Jess, who, with the last coil, flung his prize to
the ground, where it was quickly killed, it being well-
nigh choked to death already.
But even the great gift of presence of mind will
sometimes balk at unfamiliar dangers. It was about
this time that the Civil War broke out, and Enoch
McDonald enlisted a company to defend the South-
ern cause. The little boy left behind was heart-
broken. His father was his hero, and when by and
by the news came that the soldiers were encamped
at Meridian — a railway station about fifty miles
distant — the lad made up his mind to join them.
He set out alone afoot and being used to finding
his way in unfamiliar places he made the journey
with no great difficulty, eating and sleeping where
opportunity afforded. He arrived at Meridian one
morning, and began to look over the ground and to
make a few inquiries as to his father's headquarters.
There was a busy place, where a lot of supplies were
being unloaded from what appeared to be little
houses on wheels. They were freight cars, but Bill
Jess didn't know it. He had never seen a railroad
before, and he followed along the track with increas-
ing interest till he reached the engine, which he
thought must be the most wonderful and beautiful
thing ever created. Then suddenly it let off steam,
the bell rang and the air was split by a screaming
whistle. It was too sudden and too strange for his
20 Captain Bill McDonald
gift to work. The son of all the McDonald's and of
a gallant soldier set out for the horizon, never
pausing until halted by the sentry of his father's
camp.
He was permitted to enter, and was directed to
the drill ground, where his father, who had been
promoted' for bravery to the rank of Major, was
superintending certain maneuvers. The little boy
in his eagerness ran directly into the midst of
things, and Major McDonald, suddenly seeing him,
was startled into the conclusion that some dire
calamity had befallen his family and only Bill Jess
had escaped to tell the tale. Half sliding, half fall-
ing he dropped from his horse to learn the truth.
Then gratefully he lifted the lad up behind him and
continued the drill. Eunice McDonald was only a
day or two behind Bill Jess, for her instinct told
her where the boy had gone. They remained a few
days in camp and then bade their soldier good-bye.
They never saw him again, for he was killed at the
battle of Corinth, October 3d, 1862, charging a
breastworks at the head of his regiment, his face to
the enemy, as a soldier should die.* The boy. Bill
Jess, ten years old, went after his father's effects,
which included two horses, both wounded. These
he brought home, but his soldier father had been
buried on the field, where he fell.
* Col. Rogers of Texas was killed in the same charge ; Major McDon-
ald and Col. Rogers fell side by side, within a few feet of the works.
m
Emigration and Adventure
a boy at the head of a household.
devil and his wife.'' an early reform
The boy of ten was now the head of the household.
He had his mother and sister, and most of the
negroes still remained ; but he was the * * man of the
house ' ' and was mature before his time. Except in
the matter of strength, he was a man's equal — ^he
could do whatever a man could do. Already he was
a crack shot, and at the age of twelve he hunted
deer, and killed them, alone. Long before, even dur-
ing his father's first absence, he had followed run-
away slaves with the bloodhounds and without other
assistance had captured them and marched them
back to the plantation. It was not a child's work,
and we may not approve of it to-day, but we must
confess that it constituted a special training for the
part he was to play in after years.
The war ended at last, and with it the McDonald
fortune. Slaves and cotton were gone. Only a rem-
nant of land, then worthless, remained. Eunice
McDonald, widowed, with two children — her home
left desolate by the ravages of war — knew not which
way to turn. A bachelor brother with his face set
22 Captain Bill McDonald
Texasward offered to make a home for her in the
new land. She accepted the offer, and in 1866 they
reached east Texas and settled in Eusk County,
near Henderson, the county-seat. Here the brother
and sister made an effort to retrieve their broken
fortunes, with moderate success. All the family
worked hard, and young McDonald, now in his
fifteenth year and really a man in achievements,
did a man's part on the farm, attending school a
portion of the year. His uncle permitted him to
earn some money for himself by cutting wood and
hauling it to the village, and a part of this money he
laid away. Such leisure as he had, he spent in fol-
lowing the hounds, and presently, even as a boy,
became famous for his marksmanship. Coon hunt-
ing was perhaps his favorite diversion, and fre-
quently with his dogs he threaded the dark woods all
night, alone.
But he had not as yet achieved that perfect fear-
lessness which distinguished him in later years, and
there is still another instance recorded where his
presence of mind failed to work. This latter is a
curious circumstance, indeed, and should be inves-
tigated, perhaps, by the Society of Psychical Re-
search.
He had been out on one of his long night tramps
and was very tired next evening when his work was
done. Coming in, he threw himself down on a lounge
in the hallway and was soon sound asleep. By and
by his mother came along and wakened him.
Emigration and Adventure 23
''It's bed-time, Bill Jess," she said.
He got up, walked out toward the gate, and she
supposed he was awake. When he really awoke, he
was a mile from there, leaning on the gate of one
Jasper Smith, the father of two young ladies whom
Bill Jess was in the habit of visiting. Eealizing
where he was, and what might happen to him if dis-
covered just there, he set out for home down the
wide public road, when suddenly a little way ahead
he saw two objects perched on the top of the rail
fence. At first he thought they were two men, and
was not disturbed; then all at once they had left
the top of that fence and in the wink of an eye, lit
in the road directly in front of him.
'* It was the devil and his wife," McDonald de-
clared. ' ' They had horns and tails, exactly like all
the pictures of the devil I ever saw. Of course it
might have been the devil and his brother; anyway
they belonged to that family. I got by those things.
I didn't debate a minute, but went home as fast as
my legs could carry me, emptying my pockets as I
ran, which I had always heard the darkeys say
would keep off witches. There was a short way
home by the grave-yard, but I didn't take it. I kept
to the big road, and when I did get home, I didn't
wait to go around to the door, but went right in the
open window where my mother was. She said that
I had imagined everything, but I hadn't. There was
no imagination about it."
Curiously enough, soon after this happened a
24 Captain Bill McDonald
little flock of school-children passing near the same
rail fence in daylight, saw something that scared
them so badly that some of them fainted. But by
this time Bill Jess had gathered himself, and taking
his gun he loaded it heavily and went devil hunting.
However, without success.
In spite of this slight lapse, young McDonald
probably considered himself a man, now. We have
seen that he was already calling on the young ladies,
and in the locality where he lived an ability to drink
whiskey was regarded as another manly achieve-
ment. There was a small still-house located not far
from his home, and he got into the habit of visiting
it and of tasting the output. One day he tasted too
much and did not return either in good season or
condition. When his mother prepared to administer
punishment, he pulled away from her and stated
that he would not take a whipping. But Eunice
McDonald was not one to condone such rebellion.
She put away the rod and bided her time. One night
when Bill Jess was fast asleep she wrapped and
pinned him securely in a sheet and laid on such a
thrashing as gave him a permanent distaste both
for liquor and disobedience.
At another time it was attentions paid to a young
lady that got him into difficulties. The young lady
was the sister of his school teacher, and the latter
did not approve of anything resembling attachment
between the two. One day the young wooer wrote
a letter in school, ajad passing it down the line it
Emigration and Adventure 25
unluckily fell under the eye of the teacher, who
captured and read it, forthwith.
** 1*11 settle with you at recess, sir," he said, nail-
ing Bill Jess to the seat with his eye.
Bill Jess didn^t care to have him settle. He was
willing to let the account run right along, and to
knock off the interest. He decided not to wait.
The teacher had his back to the board, working out
something hard, when Bill Jess went away. He
didn^t rush wildly. He didn^t even run — not exactly
— ^but he lost no time, tip-toeing out of there.
Neither did he go home. He'd gone home once in
disgrace, and he remembered what had happened.
Eunice McDonald's combination of sheet and horse-
whip offered no fresh inducements in that direction.
He walked twenty miles to a saw-mill and got a job.
Then, by and by, everything blew over; everybody
was sorry, and he returned home to forgiveness and
safety. A cyclone hit the school-house for some
reason or other about this time and demolished it.
Bill Jess being raked out of the debris undamaged
in any particular. Perhaps this was vindication.
IV
The Making of a Texan
beconstruction and ** treason." ^* dave " culber-
SON TO THE RESCUE. EDUCATION, MARRIAGE
AND POLITICS
But though still a boy in years, being not more
than sixteen, his youth really came to an end now.
It was the period of Keconstruction in the South —
a time of obnoxious enforcements on the one hand,
and rebellious bitterness on the other, with general
lawlessness in the back settlements. The military
dominated the towns and there were continuous mis-
understandings between the still resentful con-
quered and the aggressive and sometimes insolent
conquerors. Young McDonald, with the memory of
his hero father, shot dead while leading his regiment
against these men in blue, was in no frame of mind
to submit to any indignity, real or fancied, at their
hands. It happened just at this time that one
Colonel Greene, a relative of the McDonalds, was
murdered by negroes, who, being arrested, con-
fessed the killing, stating that they had mistaken
Greene for a mule-buyer supposed to have a large
sum of money. The men were lodged in jail, but it
was believed that under the ^ ^ carpet-bag ' ' military
The Making of a Texan 27
law then prevailing they would escape punishment.
In later years, young McDonald was to become one
of the most strenuous defenders of official procedure
— one of the bitterest opponents of lynch-law the
State of Texas has ever known; but he was hot-
blooded in 'sixty-eight, and the situation was not
one to develop moral principles. When, therefore,
a mob formed and took the negroes out of jail and
hanged them, there is no record of Bill Jesse having
distinguished himself in their defense as he cer-
tainly would have done in later years. Indeed, it is
likely that if he did not help pull a rope that night
it was only because the rope was fully occupied with
other willing hands.
Of course the military descended on Henderson
and set in to discipline it for this concerted lawless-
ness. The townspeople as a whole, and the relatives
of Colonel Greene in particular, resented this occu-
pation. Charley Greene, a brother of the murdered
man, in company with Bill Jess, presently got into
trouble with some soldiers who were deporting
themselves in a manner considered offensive, and
the result was a running fight with the military in
the lead. The soldiers made for their quarters in
the court-house. It would have been proper to leave
them alone, then — to retire flushed with victory, as
the books say, and satisfied. But Greene could not
rest. He persuaded Bill Jess to stay with him, and
they rode up and down in front of the court-house,
occasionally taking a shot at the windows, to punctu-
28 Captain Bill McDonald
ate their challenge to warfare. Finally Greene
decided that they could charge the court-house and
capture it. He primed himself with liquor for the
onset, and refused to heed his companion's advice
to abandon the campaign. The two ascended the
court-house stairs, at last, with pistols cocked.
Greene had one in each hand and, with them, shoved
open the double doors at the head of the stairs.
That was another mistake. The soldiers were * ' lay-
ing for him ' ' just inside, and in an instant later his
arms were pinioned, and he was a prisoner. The
doors swung to, then, and Bill Jess stood outside,
wondering whether he ought to charge to the rescue,
wait there and be captured, or retire in good order.
With that gift of logic and rare presence of mind
which would one day make him famous, he decided
to get out of there. He had a plan for organizing
a rescue party, and did in fact get a crowd together,
but in the meantime, under cover of rain and dark-
ness, the soldiers had taken their prisoner from
Henderson and he was well on the way to Jefferson,
where there was a stockade. No attempt was made
at the time to arrest young McDonald, though
soldiers frequently loitered about his home premises,
and with these he had many collisions, usually com-
ing off victorious. He was strong, wiry and fear-
less, and he had then, as always, that piercing eye
and a manner of going straight at things without
flutter or hesitation.
Still, he was laying up trouble for himself, for
The Making of a Texan 29
Greene's court-martial was coming off, and Bill
Jess, who went over to see if he could be of any
assistance, was promptly arrested while nosing
about the stockade, and landed with his relative on
the inside. This was a serious matter. The boy
realized that it was, as soon as the gates closed be-
hind him. He realized it still more forcibly when a
few days later he and Greene were led into the
court-house for military trial, and he took a look at
the men who were to prosecute him for aiding in
the crime of treason. Nor was he reassured when
one of the lawyers present announced that he would
** defend that boy's case.'' For there was nothing
inspiring about this champion's appearance. No-
thing about him except his generosity seemed worth
while. He wore ill-fitting homespun clothes, smoked
a common clay pipe and his long hair straggled
down over his forehead. His shirt collar was care-
lessly unbuttoned, and his trousers, too short for
him, revealed common home-knit yarn socks. More-
over, his eyes were half-closed and he had a general
air of sleepy indifference which did not disappear
until it came his turn to take part in the proceedings.
Then suddenly the sleepy eyes became alive, the
shaggy hair was tossed back, the clay pipe was laid
on the table, and Dave Culberson, afterward known
as an eminent lawyer and statesman, arose and
made such a plea in behalf of the boy whose father
had died at Corinth, and whose mother and sister
relied on him to-day for protection, that only one
30 Captain Bill McDonald
verdict remained in the minds of his hearers when
he closed. Bill Jess was acquitted, but his relative,
Charley Greene, was less fortunate. He remained
in a Northern prison several years before he was
finally released. Dave Culberson afterward repre-
sented his district in Congress, and the boy he de-
fended eventually served the son, Charles A. Culber-
son— then Governor — now, in 1909, United States
Senator from Texas.
It is likely that this bit of experience with hot-
headed lawlessness, and the result thereof, proved
of immense value to young McDonald. From that
time forward we find him a peace-maker, a queller
of disturbances, a separator of combatants, even at
great personal risk. He had never been a seeker
after trouble and he seemed now to develop a
natural talent for preserving the peace. Wherever
guns are drawn, and they were drawn pretty fre-
quently and upon small provocation in that day and
locality, he stepped in without hesitation and the
would-be slayers were disarmed by what seemed a
veritable sleight-of-hand. In 1871, when he was nine-
teen years old, he decided to follow a commercial
life, and with the money saved from the sale of the
wood he had cut and hauled, he took a course in
Soule 's Commercial College, at New Orleans, gradu-
ating in 1872. Penmanship came easy to him, and
upon his return to Henderson he taught a writing
class. Within the year he was able to establish a
small store in connection with the ferry at Brown's
The Making of a Texan 31
Bluff on the Sabine River, between Henderson and
Longview. Here, with his ferry assistant he kept
bachelor ^s hall, not the most congenial existence,
perhaps, for one with his natural leaning toward
female society. At all events, he gave it up, by and
by, and after a brief sojourn in Longview esta-
blished himself in Wood County, at Mineola, then
a newly established and busy railway terminus.
This was in 1875, and his venture was a success.
Soon he was considered the leading grocer of the
town.
It was during this period that McDonald made the
acquaintance of James S. Hogg, who in later life,
as Governor of Texas, was to confer his most useful
official appointment — that of Ranger Captain, thus
enabling him to do much of the work which has
identified his name with the State 's constructive his-
tory. Hogg, then a young man, was Justice of the
Peace at the county-seat, Quitman, a few miles
distant from Mineola, and was also conducting a
paper there. He bought his groceries of McDonald,
and the account ran along in a go-as-you-please sort
of a way. They were good friends, and courted to-
gether, and it was through Hogg that young Mc-
Donald met Miss Rhoda Isabel Carter, a young
woman with fine nerve and force of character — ^just
the girl for a Texas regulator's wife. And such, in
due season, she was to become, for he married her
in January, 1876. His friendship for Hogg con-
tinued for some time after that, but came to a
32 Captain Bill McDonald
sudden end, one day, when Hogg, who had been
elected County Attorney, with characteristic con-
scientiousness prosecuted McDonald and others for
carrying concealed weapons — McDonald's posses-
sion of such a weapon having been revealed through
his aiding in the capture of a gang of boisterous
disturbers of the peace. McDonald rose and de-
fended his own case, declaring he had quit business
to do his duty as a good citizen, and that he would
stay in jail the balance of his days before he would
pay a fine.
With his usual frank fearlessness he said some
hard things to Hogg in the presence of the court,
and though discharged, the two were estranged for
a considerable period. Then a truce was patched
up, but only for a time. Both were sharply in-
terested in politics and on opposing sides in the con-
gressional convention. They were near coming to
blows over their differences, and were only separated
by the intervention of friends. It is not pleasant
to record this of these two worthy men, but after all
they were only human beings, and young, and then
the sequel makes it still further worth while.
V
The Beginning of Eeform
subduing a bad man. first official appointment.
a deputy who did things.
But now came Bill McDonald's first official ap-
pointment and service. Living just outside of
Mineola was a man named Golden, alias George
Gordon, of hard character, and the owner of several
bulldogs, similarly endowed. Man and dogs be-
came a menace to travel in that neighborhood, as
they lived near a public road and were allowed at
large. The man was particularly quarrelsome and
ugly and was said to have killed several more or less
inoffensive persons. He always carried arms — the
customary pistol, and a bowie knife — the latter worn
in a scabbard ^ ' down his back. * * He was an expert
at throwing this weapon, and altogether a terror to
the community. Bill McDonald would naturally
resent the domination of a man like Gordon, and
when one day the latter came to town with one of
his unruly bulldogs, and the dog set upon and in-
jured McDonald's prized pointer, there was trouble,
active and immediate. McDonald's reputation as a
34 Captain Bill McDonald
good man to let alone was already established at
Mineola. He was known as a capable marksman —
fearless, resolute and very sudden. When, there-
fore, he produced a six-shooter for the avowed pur-
pose of killing the bulldog, its master, who, like
every bully by trade, was a coward at heart, in-
terceded humbly for the dog's life, promising to take
the animal home and leave him there. McDonald
agreed to the arrangement, but for the benefit of the
community at large he promptly applied to Sheriff
Pete Dowell for a commission as deputy, in order
that in future he might restrain officially the ob-
noxious Gordon and others of his kind. The com-
mission was promptly conferred, and thus Bill Jess
McDonald, quietly and without any special manifest,
stepped into the ranks of Texas official regulators,
where, in one capacity or another, he was to serve
so long and well.
But, however quiet his enlistment, his service was
to be of another sort. Those were not quiet days,
and the officer who set out to enforce the law was
apt to become a busy person. Gordon very soon ap-
peared again in Mineola, and after investing in a
good deal of bad whisky, went on the war-path,
flourishing a six-shooter and giving out the informa-
tion that nobody could arrest him. He was in the
very midst of a ipilitant harangue when Deputy Mc-
Donald suddenly appeared on the scene, and before
Gordon could gather himself, he was, by some magic
* * twist of the wrist, ' ' disarmed, arrested and on the
The Beginning of Reform 35
way to the calaboose. He demurred and resisted, but
slept that night behind lock and bars. Next morning
he refused breakfast and demanded release. Deputy
McDonald left him in a mixed condition of reflection
and profanity, returning at noon to find him sober,
subdued and hungry. Upon promise of good be-
havior for the future, he was taken before a justice,
where he pled guilty and paid a fine. Then he took
his place as the first example of a long line of
wonderful cures set down to Captain Bill Mc-
Donald's credit, to-day; for he gave little trouble
after that and remained mostly in retirement, to be
set upon, at last, by his own dogs, who inflicted
terrible wounds. His death soon afterward was
thought to be the result of this attack.
But the Gordon experience was mild enough, after
all, compared with the many which followed, and is
only set down because it marks the beginning of a
career. Indeed, an episode of larger proportions was
already under way. In the timber lying adjacent
to Mineola, some three hundred tie-cutters were en-
camped, supplying cross-ties for the I. & G. N. road.
They were a drinking, lawless lot, and on Saturday
nights the Mineola streets were filled with riot and
disorder. The city marshal, George Beeves, and
Deputy McDonald had on several occasions made
arrests and such enforcement of the law had been
regarded by the tie-gang as an affront to all. They
sent word to the officers, at last, that they would be
on hand in full force, on the following Saturday, and
36 Captain Bill McDonald
that the calaboose might as well go out of com-
mission, so far as they were concerned.
Saturday night came, and according to promise the
tie-cutters were on the street, numerous and noisy.
McDonald and Eeeves were among them, keeping a
general lookout for trouble, not always together.
The saloons were full, presently, and the men getting
constantly more noisy and quarrelsome. Seeing a
commotion at the rear of a cheap hotel where a num-
ber of the men had gathered, McDonald went over
there, and found Eeeves surrounded. Without hesi-
tation he shoved a way through, with his pistol,
until he stood by Eeeves 's side. Eeeves had ar-
rested a man, and a general riot was imminent.
The prisoner was very drunk and disorderly and
demanding that he be allowed to go to his room
before accompanying the officer. Of course the
whole intention was to precipitate a general fight,
during which the officers were to be pummeled and
battered to a jelly. Catching the drift of matters,
McDonald said:
* * All right, take him to his room, if he 's got one.
I'll take care of this crowd."
There was something in the business-like con-
fidence of that statement which impressed the crowd.
And then he had such a handy way of holding a
six-shooter. Nobody quite wanted to die first, and
Eeeves started for the back entrance of the hotel
with his man. As they entered the door the fellow
reeled against the casing and fell to the ground.
The Beginning of Reform 37
Then a general stampede started, for it was called
out that Reeves had struck him. McDonald said :
'' Stop you fellers ! The fool fell down. I'll shoot
the first man that interferes! "
That was another discouraging statement from a
man who had a habit of keeping his word. It
seemed to the crowd that an officer like that didn't
play fair. He didn't argue at all. Somebody was
likely to get hurt, if they didn't get that gun away
from him. Movements to this end were started here
and there, but they didn't get near enough to the
chief actor to be effective. Finally when Reeves and
his prisoner set out for the calaboose, the crowd
moved in that direction, timing their steps to a
chorus of threats and profanity. Reeves and Mc-
Donald made no reply until they arrived at the lock-
up; then, the disturbers being there handy, the
officers began gathering them in, a dozen at a time.
It was a genuine surprise-party for the tie-men.
They were too much astonished for any concerted
movement, and when invited at the points of those
guns to step inside and make themselves at home,
they did not have the bad taste to refuse.
** Step in, gentlemen; always room for one more,"
might have been the form of the invitation, but it
wasn't. It was a Bill McDonald invitation and it
was full of compliments and promises that burnt
holes wherever they hit anything. The calaboose
was full in a brief time and a box-car on a near-by
switch was used as an annex. By the time it was
38 Captain Bill McDonald
full, there were no more disturbers. The outer
edges had melted away. The woods were full of
them. The turbulent tie-men of Texas were sober
and sensible by Monday morning and allowed to go,
under promise of good behavior, and upon payment
of adequate fines.
Mineola suddenly became a moral town. Amuse-
ments of the old sort languished. Drunk or sober,
it was humiliating to flourish a gun, only to be sud-
denly disarmed and marched to the calaboose by a
man who acted as if he thought he was gun-proof.
It was hard to understand — it was supernatural. It
was better to go to the next town to flourish the gun.
But by this time Deputy Bill Jess was not satis-
fied with the quiet life. He had found his proper
vocation — that of active enforcement of the law —
and he was moved to pursue it in remoter places. A
certain desperate outlaw, a white man by the name
of Jim Bean, had committed crimes in Smith
County, whence he had escaped to Kansas. There
he had killed a city marshal and returned once more
to Smith County, which adjoins Wood on the south.
The officers of Smith County had surprised Jim
Bean and his brother Ed, at a small station where
they had gone to rob some freight cars, but the two
men had handled their revolvers so desperately that
they had been allowed to escape, and pursuit of them
had been abandoned.
This was the kind of game that Deputy Bill al-
ways enjoyed hunting. It was worth while. He
The Beginning of Reform 39
made frequent still-hunts along the Sabine River,
the dividing line between Wood and Smith, hoping
to locate his quarry on the side of his jurisdiction.
Perhaps the men knew of these excursions and re-
mained safely, as they believed, on the other side.
At last, however, the temptation to cross the line
became too strong for a hunter like Bill Jess. The
impulse of the Ranger was already upon him. He
crossed the Sabine River into Smith, with his Win-
chester on his saddle, and became an official poacher.
The river bottom was overgrown in places with tall
cane-brake, and he had reason to believe that the
Beans were hiding, and storing their loot, in the
dense growth. He had heard a rumor, too, that a
certain family of swamp-dwellers (negroes) were
in league with the men, and, reflecting on the matter,
he concluded to visit this house, both for the purpose
of investigation, and to borrow a shot-gun, which
he thought might be more useful, in a man-chase
through a thick cane-brake swamp, than his rifle.
Arriving at the suspected house, he told in his
mildest manner a tale of a wounded deer not far
away, and borrowed a shot-gun, as well as the in-
formation that the men and dogs of the place were
in the brakes. He now began a careful still-hunt
for his game, and presently came full upon Jim Bean,
who was on a horse, with a shot-gun, guarding some
stolen hogs. Bean was a great burly creature, more
animal than man, from having lived and slept so
long in the woods and brakes. He had been shot at
40 Captain Bill McDonald
many times, and had been desperately wounded, but
such was his natural vitality, and so hardened was
he by exposure that it seemed impossible to kill him.
Before Bean could move, now. Deputy McDonald
had him covered and commanded him to get off his
horse or he would shoot him dead. Bean obeyed
and McDonald threw his own leg over his saddle
and slid to the ground, still covering Bean with his
gun. Suddenly Bean made a dash for a large tree,
turning to shoot just as he reached this cover.
McDonald was too quick, however, and let go with
two loads of buckshot, which struck Bean in several
places, knocking him down. He then made off in the
direction of a slough, toward thick hiding. The
shot-gun was a muzzle loader and before McDonald
could get it charged again he heard somebody com-
ing through the brush. It was Ed Bean and some
negroes. He was ready for them by the time they
came in sight, and throwing his gun to position he
commanded them to halt. Instead of doing so they
turned and disappeared in the direction from which
they had come. McDonald now mounted his horse
and started in pursuit of the wounded Jim Bean.
He found where he had crossed the slough, and
presently came to the desperado's gun, which had
been thrown away in his hurry. Blood-stains made
the trail easy to follow. Soon a powder-horn and
then a pair of boots lay in the path of flight. Mc-
Donald followed six miles to a cabin occupied by
negroes. Bean was not in the cabin, but barefoot
The Beginning of Reform 41
prints led into the woods. The man-hunter followed
them and finally overtook their owner. It was not
Bean. The officer had been tricked — Bean had
escaped while his pursuer had been following this
false lead. It was dark, now, and further search
was hopeless. Next morning the outlaws had van-
ished from the country. They never returned and
were heard of no more until some time after, when
news came from Wise County that both the Bean
brothers had been killed, resisting arrest.
While this episode did not turn out altogether
successfully, inasmuch as the game got away, it had
a better result in that it effected a complete recon-
ciliation between McDonald and his old, and what
was to be his lifetime friend, James S. Hogg. Cer-
tain jealous officials were bent upon making trouble
for the young deputy for overstepping his authority
by working outside of his own county, and especially
for shooting a man in attempting an illegal arrest.
McDonald held that the conditions justified his act,
and was going to make his fight on that ground.
But it never came to a fight, for when the matter
was brought to the notice of the grand jury, Hogg,
by this time District Attorney, went before that
body, and regardless of the old animosity between
McDonald and himself, and of the fact that they
were not yet on speaking terms, declared that if the
jury found an indictment against the deputy for
so worthy an undertaking as that which, irregular
or not, had resulted in ridding the country of a gang
42 Captain Bill McDonald
of outlaws, he would nolle pros the case— in other
words, he would refuse to prosecute.
When McDonald heard of this, he went to his old
friend at once.
** Jim,'' he said, *' you're a gentleman, and I
know I want to act right. Let's not be enemies
any more." And they never were.
Ten years later, Jim Hogg, as Governor of Texas,
would make it possible for Bill McDonald to bring
down criminals in any county of that mighty State.
But this is further along in our story.
VI
Into the "Wilderness
a new business in a new land,
shows his sand
Hard times came on in Mineola. Eailroad build-
ing was at an end ; crops failed ; men who had bought
goods on long credit could not pay. *' Bill " Mc-
Donald, as he was now usually called, had been one
to carry long lines of credit for his customers, and
he was hurt accordingly. He gave up business, at
last, and in 1883 invested in cattle whatever remained
to him, and set his steps further westward where
there was free grass. He headed toward Wichita
County, which was almost an unknown land in that
day, driving his cattle before him, his young wife at
his side, both eager to begin a new life in a new land.
To drive cattle across the wild Texas prairies,
twenty-five years ago, was an experience worth
while. There were no fences, no boundaries and few
roads. Settlers were far between. The climate in
any season was likely to be mild; the air was pure
and stimulating; society, such as it was, had not
many conventions.
Yet, few and fundamental as were the conditions,
they were of a sort to develop sudden situations, and
44 Captain Bill McDonald
one had to be ready to face them fairly and firmly
or write himself down as unfit for the wild free
life of the range. The grass was free, but there
were always those who wanted to form a trust of its
vast areas and make trespassers of the smaller men.
McDonald had scarcely located his herd and pitched
his tent when two of these magnates notified him
that he had better move. It was a bluff, of course,
and the man who had been deputy sheriff for half
a dozen years and purified a bad community was the
wrong man to use it on. He asked in that quiet way
of his, to let him have a look at their titles, and when
they could not produce them, he added that he
thought he'd stay where he was. They began to
tell him of some of the things that were likely to
happen if he did that, but he did not seem impressed
by the information. He repeated that he would stay
where he was, and that anyone who did not wish to
be in his neighborhood had his permission to move
on, to other free grass. Perhaps they looked him
over a bit more carefully, then, and noticed the pecu-
liarity of his nose and of his eyes, and the handy
and casual way he had of picking off the heads of
rattlesnakes and such things, with a six-shooter,
while he talked. At all events they did not refer to
the matter again and even cultivated his friendship.
In a neighborhood where cattle thieves were begin-
ning to be troublesome a man like that would be
handy to have around. They were to have an ex-
ample presently of his willingness and ability to
Into the Wilderness 45
defend the rights of ownershii^ — a small example,
but convincing.
It was no easy matter to keep a herd intact in
those days. In a land of free grass, where the cost
of cattle was chiefly the expense of herding, it was
not likely that the moral title to the cattle them-
selves would be very highly regarded, especially
where brands had been obliterated, or where a few
strays mingled with a larger herd. The outlaw pure
and simple was bad enough, but to the newcomer
with a small bunch of ** cows " (cattle, regardless
of gender), the vast roaming herd, guarded by a
veritable army of punchers whose respect for any
law was small enough, was an even greater menace.
McDonald knew of these conditions, and when, soon
after his arrival, some of his cattle strayed away,
he set out to inspect the surrounding herds. After
riding some distance he came upon a large drove,
evidently on its way to market. It was about noon
and the men were ** rounding-in " for dinner. Mc-
Donald started to address a herder, when the man
turned abruptly and started off. McDonald im-
mediately began looking through the cattle, where-
upon the herder wheeled.
** What do you want in there? '* he asked roughly.
** I was looking for hobbled horses,'' was the easy
reply. The puncher made some surly comment and
rode away.
McDonald, presently satisfied that his stray cattle
were not with that portion of the drove, continued
46 Captain Bill McDonald
his search further along and came up with the
^* chuck- wagon " where dinner was being prepared.
Cow-men are hospitable and the foreman invited
him to dismount and join them. He did so, and a
little later the surly puncher came in, giving the
camp guest anything but a friendly look. In the
course of the meal the visitor was asked where he
was from.
*' Mineola/' he said, *' Wood County.'' The surly
herder spoke up.
** These d — d sand-lappers (east-Texans) are get-
ting too thick out here."
McDonald set down his cofPee.
'* The d — d skunks and prairie dogs are already
too thick,'' he said.
An instant later the puncher had out his pistol,
but the sand-lapper was still quicker. The puncher
was covered before he could bring his weapon to
bear. McDonald said:
** Turn it loose! Drop it! "
The herder still clutched the weapon which he was
afraid to raise. The sand-lapper stepped nearer to
him, and with a sudden movement rapped him
smartly on the head with the heavy barrel of his
six-shooter. It was a thing that as a deputy he had
done often, and it was always effective. The
puncher dropped his gun. One of his comrades
sprang to his assistance, but was covered and dis-
armed with amazing suddenness. The foreman in-
terfered, now, and the beginner of the disturbance
#
INTRODUCING RtFORM IN THh WILDtRNESS.
" He was disarmed with amazing suddenness."
Into the Wilderness 47
was led away to a brook to have his head bathed
and bandaged ; whereupon the sand-lapper quietly
finished his dinner, thanked his host, continued the
search for his missing stock, and when he had found
them, set out for home. Meeting a group of
punchers among which was his surly friend with a
now bandaged head, he expected further trouble.
Nothing happened. The sand-lapper and his missing
cows had the right of way.
vn
Commercial Ventures and Adventures
BILL Mcdonald's method of collecting a bill; and
HIS METHOD OF HANDLING BAD MEN
The inclination to commercial enterprise still sur-
vived. At the end of a year McDonald sold his
cattle and invested in the lumber business at Wichita
Falls — another railway terminus, dropped down in
the prairie, with a population of about two thou-
sand, at that time. A little later he established a
branch business at Harrold when the railway reached
that point. Two big lumber yards were already es-
tablished at Wichita Falls, and the competition was
strenuous. It was a brief experience for McDonald,
for he presently yearned for the freer life of the
range, and soon abandoned commerce, once more,
for cattle — this time for good. Yet the experience
was not without valuable return, inasmuch as it es-
tablished for him in Wichita Falls, quickly and per-
manently, a reputation of a useful kind in a country
where law and order are likely to be of an elemental,
go-as-you-please sort. It happened in this wise :
There was a merchant in Baylor County, Texas,
to whom Lumberman McDonald sold a good bill, on
time. The account ran along, until one day the
Commercial Ventures and Adventures 49
county judge of Baylor, one Melvin, dropped in and
stated that he had called to settle the amount for
his neighbor. He gave his own check for it and
McDonald supposed the matter had ended. A few
days later the bank returned Melvin 's check as
worthless. Evidently the quiet unobtrusive life
which Bill Jess had been living as a lumber mer-
chant had given the impression that he was an in-
offensive person who would pocket a loss rather
than make trouble, especially with a county judge,
who added to his official prestige the reputation of
being a very bad man from **far up Bitter Creek.''
However, this impression was a mistake. McDonald
ascertained that his customer had really sent the
money by Melvin, to pay his bill, and considered
what he ought to do. Morally, perhaps legally, he
could have demanded payment a second time, on the
ground that the said customer, being acquainted
with Melvin, should have selected a more reliable
messenger. But that was not the Bill McDonald
way. What he did was to write to Melvin, demand-
ing an explanation ; adding in pretty positive terms
that he expected immediate settlement. No reply
came and a second and a third letter followed, each
getting more definite as to phrase. Then one day
Melvin and certain henchmen from Baylor appeared
on the streets of Wichita Falls. McDonald who had
heard of their arrival, suddenly confronted Melvin
and delivered himself in whatever terms and em-
phasis as he had on hand at the moment. Melvin
50 Captain Bill McDonald
withdrew, gathered his clans and laid for McDonald
in a saloon where the latter had to pass. Though
previously warned of the ambush, McDonald did
pass, with the result that next morning Melvin
settled his bill in full, paid for a glass door that he
had broken, and a fine and costs amounting to sixty-
five dollars, for carrying concealed weapons. What
really happened to Melvin is best told in Bill Jess 's
own testimony when that same morning he had,
himself, been summoned to answer a charge for
carrying concealed weapons, disturbing the peace,
and for assault — said action being the result of
Melvin 's judicial pull. Arriving at the court-room
the prosecuting attorney asked McDonald if he had
a lawyer.
** No,'' he said, '* I don't need anybody to defend
me for knocking that scoundrel over. I'll attend to
my own case, whatever is necessary. ' '
The attorney then stated the charge to the court.
Bill Jess waited until he was through and then asked
permission to speak.
** Your honor," he said, rising, ** I'm a busy man
with no time to be fooling around this way with men
who give bogus checks and steal horses and such
like, but if your honor will spare about a minute
I'll tell the court what happened." He then gave
a history of the lumber transaction, and added the
sequel, as follows:
* ' When I wrote him as strong a letter as I could
frame up, and as would go through the mail, he
Commercial Ventures and Adventures 51
came down with a crowd of what he thought was
fighting men, and I met him and tried like a gentle-
man to persuade him to settle up and to convince
him what a dad-blamed rascal he was; which he
pled guilty to, and didn't deny. Then he gathers
his feeble bunch of fighters together, arms them up
with six-shooters and corrals them in Bill Holly's
saloon, that I had to pass, going home. I met
Johnny Hammond who tried to persuade me not to
take that street — said those fellows were up there
and I'd better go in some other direction. I said
I wasn't in the habit of going out of my way for
such cattle, and proceeded on up the street. When
I got in front of Bill Holly's, Melvin and his war-
riors stepped out. Melvin wanted an explanation
of my former remarks, and I gave it to him and
added some more which I would not like to mention
in the presence of the court. Then he pulled out a
big white-handled forty-five six-shooter, but being
a little slow with it, I grabbed it by the barrel and
hit him with my fist two or three times, which kind
of jarred him loose from his gun. Then I gave him
a rap on the head with it and knocked him through
Bill Holly's glass-front door, into the saloon. His
pals pulled their guns, but I covered them with the
one I took away from Melvin and they nearly broke
the furniture to pieces getting out of there. I didn 't
see any more of any of them until next morning.
Then I looked up the bunch and got a check in
full, with interest, from Melvin, and made him pay
52 Captain Bill McDonald
Bill Holly ^ve dollars for his glass door. So far
as carrying a gun is concerned, I had one, and I got
another from this fellow here who had pulled it on
me. I took it away from him and hit him with it,
and I have the same here in my possession now, to
turn over to the Court. ' '
Bill Jess reached down somewhere and drawing
forth the big white handled six-shooter, laid it down
in front of the court. Then suddenly turning upon
Melvin who was present, he looked him straight
through.
** Melvin, is not all I have told the Court true? *'
he demanded.
Melvin found himself unable to tell anything but
the truth, just then.
" Yes, sir,'' he said, quite meekly.
McDonald was discharged and Melvin paid a
fine as before noted. Following this incident came
another which solidified Bill McDonald's reputation
for nerve, in Wichita Falls. Bill Holly, the afore-
mentioned— whose name in another part of the State
had been Buck Holly, which he forgot when he left
East Texas, after getting into a mix-up, during
which the other man died — one day absorbed an
overdose of his own stock-in-trade and set forth to
shoot up the town. He went afoot and let go at
things generally, emptying the streets and bringing
business to a standstill. The city marshal was
organizing a posse to take him, and summoned
McDonald, when McDonald said :
Commercial Ventures and Adventures 53
" Give me the key to the calaboose, and the*
won't be no need of a posse."
He took the key in one hand and a six-shooter in
the other; marched up to where Holly was prac-
ticing on front-doors and hardware signs; struck
the gun close up under the nose of the disturber,
and with his quick magic, disarmed him and set out
with him for the lockup. Holly begged and pleaded
and was finally locked in a room in the hotel. He
broke a window before morning and promptly paid
for it by McDonald's request. He made a fairly
quiet citizen during the remainder of McDonald's
stay in Wichita Falls.
Removing to Hardeman County was the only
thing that saved Bill McDonald from being drafted
into official service where he was. Law abiding citi-
zens with his gifts are scarce enough anywhere, and
they were needed in the cattle districts of Texas.
There was not much law in those parts, none at all
outside of the towns. In the countries bordering
on Indian Territory and up through the Pan-handle
a man had to ** stand pat " whatever his hand, and
hold his own by strength of arm and quickness of
trigger. Cow thieves and cut-throats abounded.
Officials often worked in accord with them, or were
afraid to prosecute. The man who would neither
co-operate with outlaws nor condone their offences
was already on the ground and would presently be
in the field. It was a wide field and a fruitful one
and the harvest was ripe for the gathering.
54 Captain Bill McDonald
Hardeman County was a tongh locality in the
early eighties. It had lately been organized, and
the settlers were cow-men, cow-boys and gamblers
— lawless enough, themselves — and another element,
which pretended to be these things, but in reality
consisted of outlaws, pure and simple. The latter
lived chiefly off of the herds, driving off horses and
cattle and hiding them in remote and inaccessible
places. Often cattle were butchered; their hides,
which were marked with brand and ear-marks were
destroyed to avoid identification, and the meat was
sold. Men who did these things were known well
enough, but went unapprehended for the reasons
named. In certain sections of the Territory itself
and in No-man's Land (a piece of disputed ground
lying to the north of the Pan-handle, now a part of
Oklahoma) matters were even worse. In these
places there was hardly a semblance of law. Cer-
tainly the need of active reform — of an official cru-
sader, without fear and above reproach — was both
wide and vociferous.
vm
Eeforming the Wilderness
the kind op men to be reformed. early reforms
in quanah. bad men meet their match
It was in 1885 that Bill McDonald disposed of his
lumber interests in Wichita Falls and at Harrold,
reinvested in cattle and set out once more for the
still farther west. He had filed on some school-land
on Wanderer's Creek in Hardeman County, about
four miles from where the town of Quanah now
stands, and in the heart of what was then the wilder-
ness. Somewhat previous to this, McDonald, whose
reputation as a man of nerve had traveled to Har-
rold, was one night called upon by Ranger Lieu-
tenant Sam Piatt to assist in handling a gang of
outlaws, known as the Brooken Band, that infested
the neighborhood. The Brookens had ridden into
Harrold and were running things in pretty much
their own way. Piatt and McDonald promptly
bore down upon them and a running fight ensued
as the Brookens retreated. About one hundred
shots were fired altogether, but it was dark and the
range was too great for accuracy. Nothing was ac-
complished, but the event marked the beginning of
a warfare between Bill McDonald and a band of
56 Captain Bill McDonald
cut-throats, the end of which would be history. It
was soon after this first skirmish that McDonald
sold out his lumber business and set out for his
Hardeman County ranch. As on his former migra-
tion he drove his cattle to the new land, and after
the first hard day's drive, camped at nightfall in
a pleasant spot where grass was plentiful and
water handy. It seemed a good place, and man and
beast gladly halted for food and rest.
But next morning there was trouble. When prep-
arations for an early start were under headway,
it was suddenly discovered that four of the best
horses and a fine Newfoundland dog were missing.
Investigation of the surrounding country was made,
and two of the horses were found astray, evidently
having broken loose from their captors. It was fur-
ther discovered that the Brooken Band had a ren-
dezvous in what was known as the Cedar-brakes, a
stretch of rough country, densely covered with
scrubby cedar, located about twelve miles to the
south westward. McDonald naturally felt that it
was again his *^ move '^ in the Brooken game, but
it did not seem expedient to stop the journey with
the herd and undertake the move, just then, so bid-
ing his time he pushed on, to his land on Wanderer 's
Creek, where he established his ranch, fenced his
property, built a habitation for himself and the wife
who was always ready to follow him into the wilder-
ness; then he rode over to Margaret, at that time
the county-seat, and asked Sheriff Jim Alley— a
Reforming the Wilderness 67
good man with his hands over full — to appoint him
deputy that he might begin the work which clearly-
must be done in that country before it could become
a proper habitation for law abiding citizens. The
commission was readily granted, and from that ap-
pointment dates *' that tired feeling '' which the bad
men of Texas began to have when they heard the
sound of Bill McDonald's name.
Another word as to the kind of men with which
an officer in those days had to deal. They were not
ordinary malefactors, but choice selections from
the world at large. ** What was your name before
you came to Texas? '' was a common inquiry in
those earlier days, and it was often added that a
man could go to Texas when he couldn't go any-
where else. It was such a big State, with so many
remote fastnesses, so many easy escapes across the
borders. It was the natural last resort of men who
could not live elsewhere with safety or profit. There
is a story of a man arrested in Texas in those days
for some misdemeanor, who was advised by hie
lawyer to leave the State without delay.
** But where shall I go? " asked the troubled of-
fender, * * I 'm in Texas, now, ' '
They were the men who had borne other names
before they came to Texas and who were * * in Texas,
now,'' because they could not live elsewhere and
keep off of the scaffold, that Bill McDonald under-
took to exterminate. He was willing to undertake
the task single handed, if necessary, and in reality
58 Captain Bill McDonald
did much of his work in that manner, as we shall
see.
With his commission in his pocket Bill Jess was
not long in getting down to his favorite employ-
ment, that of man-hunting. He began quietly, for
he wanted to identify some of the men nearer at
hand who were in one way and another connected
with the Cedar-brakes gang. Bill Brooken, a no-
torious outlaw, was the head of the band, and his
brother Bood was one of its chief members. The
Brookens were wanted not only for cattle stealing,
but for train-robbing and murder, as well. A cer-
tain Bull Turner was one of their victims. Turner
was said to have been one of the Brooken gang at
an earlier time, but had abandoned that way of life
and made an effort to become a decent citizen. The
gang believed he had given information, and some-
what later when he was driving across the country
with a prominent stockman — a Hebrew named
Lazarus — the Brookens and half a dozen of their
followers suddenly dashed out of a roadside con-
cealment and began firing. Turner was instantly
killed, and Lazarus fell over the dash-board in a
wild effort to get behind something. The frightened
horses, one of them wounded in the foot, ran madly
all the way to town with Lazarus still clinging to
the whiffletrees. He received no injury, but ac-
quired a scare which was permanent.
With the assistance of Sheriff Alley — also short
a horse, through the industries of the Brooken gang
Reforming the Wilderness 59
— and one Pat Wol forth, who was acquainted with
certain of the silent partners of the outlaws and
stood ready to give information, several arrests
were made, presently, and trouble filled the air.
Threatening letters now began to come to the new
deputy, warning him against further procedure —
promising him death and torture of many varieties
if he did not suspend operations. Such letters al-
ways stimulated Bill McDonald to renewed enter-
prise. He redoubled his efforts and brought in
offenders of various kinds almost daily. Cattle
stealers began to migrate to other counties. Their
friends and beneficiaries grew nervous.
Meantime, the railroad had reached Hardeman
and the town of Quanah — named for Chief Quanah
Parker, son of the historic Cynthia Ann Parker —
had sprung up. It was the typical tough place and
certain bad men still at large came there to proclaim
vengeance and to ** lay '' for the men who were
making them trouble. Among these disturbers was
one John Davidson of Wilbarger County, on the
borders of which the Cedar-brakes gang was located.
Davidson was reputed to have killed several men
and was believed to be an accessory of the Brooken
Band, but was thus far not positively identified, and
remained unapprehended. He did not hesitate, how-
ever, to boast of his always being armed and ready
for men like Bill McDonald, and especially for Pat
Wolforth who was getting good friends and neigh-
bors into trouble.
60 Captain Bill McDonald
Davidson appeared presently on the streets of
Qnanah, flourishing his firearms and making his
boasts. McDonald suddenly arrived on the scene,
and without any parley whatever stepped quickly
up to Davidson and disarmed him so suddenly that
the terror of Wilbarger stood dazed, and did not
recover himself until he was half way to the office
of justice, where he paid a fine. It was an unusual
proceeding. It was unprecedented. The customary
thing was a noisy warfare of words, followed by a
general shooting, with the bad man in possession
when the smoke had cleared away. This new method
was prosaic. Davidson couldn't understand it at all.
He tried it again the next week, with the same
result. He kept on trying it, and each time settled
for his amusement with a fine. Why he did not kill
somebody he couldn't understand. He never seemed
to get in action before Bill McDonald had his gun
and was marching him to the ** Captain's Ofiice."
Finally he got himself appointed Deputy Sheriff of
Wilbarger and- came triumphantly to Quanah, with
his commission, which he believed would entitle him
to carry arms. Met suddenly, as usual, by McDonald
and promptly disarmed, he flourished his commis-
sion.
'' That's all right. Bill McDonald, but I'm fixed
for you this time. Give me back that gun. ' '
McDonald said:
*' Your commission won't do you much good up
here. If Sheriff Barker wants to appoint a man
Reforming the Wilderness 61
that throws in with thieves, all right. But in Harde-
man County we don't have to recognize him.''
There was never such a stubborn man, Davidson
decided, as that fool deputy. Bill McDonald. He
decided to wait until McDonald should be absent,
and then have it out with Wolf orth. When the time
came, Davidson brought a gang along with him and
they followed Wolforth about with pestering re-
marks, until their victim suddenly grew tired of the
annoyance, and opened fire. This was unexpected
and the gang retired for reorganization. Then some
rangers, quartered at Quanah, appeared on the
scene, and Wolforth was put under arrest. He was
taken before a justice, who fixed his bond at a thou-
sand dollars, which he was unable to raise, because
of the dread in which Davidson and his crowd were
held. It was just about this moment that Deputy
McDonald returned, and the Kangers delivered
Wolforth into his hands.
'' What's the matter, Pat? '' McDonald asked.
His co-worker explained how he had fired on the
Davidson gang, though without damage to anybody.
* ' And they put you under a thousand dollar bond
for it? '' commented Deputy Bill.
'' Yes.''
** Well, they ought t6 have made it a good deal
heavier for your not being a better shot. Never
mind, I'll fill your bond all right," and this Mc-
Donald did, immediately.
The Davidson crowd was still in town, and far
62 Captain Bill McDonald
from satisfied. Davidson felt that he had support
enough now to tackle even that hard-headed Mc-
Donald, and he enlisted a big butcher named
Williams to stir up the mess. The gang armed
themselves with long butcher knives from Williams'
shop and started out to hunt up their victim. They
located him in a saloon where troubles of various
kinds were likely to originate and the presence of
an officer was desirable. Big Bill Williams, the
butcher, entered first and coming near to McDonald,
slightly bumped against him. Not wishing trouble,
McDonald walked away, followed by Williams who
bumped against him again. Deputy Bill then walked
to the other side of the room, which was unoccupied,
and when Williams and his crowd started to follow,
he warned them not to come any closer. At this a
number of cow-men who were present saw the
trouble and stepped in, and Williams and his crowd
worked toward the door. Outside, the disturbers
gave vent to their animosity for McDonald in violent
language and opprobrious names. Suddenly Mc-
Donald himself stepped out among them and seeing
a piece of scantling about four feet long lying by
the door, he seized it and as Williams started to-
ward him he gave the big butcher a lick across the
face with it that flattened his features and put a
habitual crook in his nose. The crowd thought Wil-
liams was killed and his supporters began to get out
of the way of the scantling. But McDonald dropped
it and had out his guns in a moment.
Reforming the Wilderness 63
** Halt! '* he said, ** every one of you. Hold up
there I * ' Then to the Rangers who at that moment
appeared on the scene, ** Search those men for
weapons. ' ^
Search Tvas made and the long butcher knives, in-
tended for McDonald, came to light. A knife of the
same kind was found on Williams.
** Now get a doctor quick,'' commanded Mc-
Donald, ** that fellow looks like he's pretty badly
hurt."
A doctor was found and Williams was removed.
McDonald's wife, then stopping at a nearby hotel,
had been an interested, not to say excited, spectator
of the proceedings, and now called down a few
words of encouragement and approval. Somewhat
later, word was brought to Deputy Bill that what
was left of the Davidson and Williams crowd had
collected in Tip McDowell's saloon, where a brother
of Williams tended bar, and these were declaring
war to the death. McDonald promptly went down
there and entered, with a revolver in each hand.
The crowd of would-be assassins, about a dozen or
so, took one look and made a break for the back
window, climbing over chairs, counters and billiard
tables — some of them almost tearing the bar down
in an effort to get behind it. Deputy Bill held
enough of them with the persuasion of his two six-
shooters to give them some useful information in
the matter of running a town like Quanah and the
surrounding country, as long as he was in office.
64 Captain Bill McDonald
** You thieves that have been trying to run over
this country, and stealing cattle and shooting the
town up," he said, *' from now on are going to stop
it. And you fellows like Bill Williams that are
selling stolen beef, are going to stop that, too. If
any one of you sells a pound of beef hereafter with-
out showing me the hide and the brand-marks, you'll
go behind the bars and I'll put you there.''
There was something about the tone of that brief
address that made it sink in, and from that time
forward when beef was brought to Quanah the hide
came with it, and they would wake up Deputy Bill
McDonald to show it to him as early as three o'clock
in the morning.
As for Davidson, he now became an oflficer of the
law, in reality. Satisfied, no doubt, that the Cedar-
brakes gang was doomed, he came to McDonald and
offered to guide him to the den of the Brookens if
McDonald would cause to be dismissed certain in-
dictments which had been lodged against him. Mc-
Donald consulted Sheriff Barker of Wilbarger and
the arrangement was made. Davidson then ascer-
tained when his former business associates would
be at their headquarters in the brakes, and the raid
was planned accordingly.
IX
Getting even with the Brooken Gang
THE BROOKENS DON 't WAIT FOR CALLERS. ONE HUNDRED
AND TWENTY-SEVEN YEARS SENTENCE FOR
AN OUTLAW
The brakes of the Big Wichita made an ideal
cover for outlaws engaged in the industry of steal-
ing cattle and horses. There were plenty of grass
and water there and the ground was so densely
covered with scrub cedar as to afford any number
of hiding places. Moreover, there were deep gulches
and canyons that made travel dangerous to those not
familiar with the region. The place was remote
and not often molested.
Everything being arranged, the raiders set out —
Sheriff Barker of Wilbarger, in charge — the party
including two Rangers from Quanah. On drawing
near the locality, Barker proposed that all but two
men should halt, several hundred yards from the
stronghold — a dug-out occupied by the gang when
at home. To this. Deputy Bill strenuously objected.
He wanted to charge forthwith, believing always in
a surprise attack. Barker, however, being in his
own county, was in command and was for more
gradual tactics. He added that McDonald's big
white hat would attract attention before they could
66 Captain Bill McDonald
get near enough to charge. Two men were therefore
sent to reconnoiter and report. The rest lay in hid-
ing. Presently peering through the trees they saw
two other men ride up to the dug-out and go in.
Deputy Bill was all excitment.
a There they are now/* he said, ** let's get down
there and get them.''
Again he was overruled. In a few minutes a num-
ber of men issued from the dug-out, mounted horses
and rode away. The first two had been scouts, and
had given warning. At the same moment Barker's
two men came running back with the information
that the Brookens were getting away.
** Of course they're getting away," said Mc-
Donald. '* Do you suppose they are going to wait
and hold an afternoon tea when we arrive! "
Accompanied by one of the Eangers, he started
in pursuit of the outlaws, but it was impossible to
follow far in that dense unfamiliar place. Eeturri-
ing to the dug-out they were rejoiced to find Sheriff
Alley's horse, so something was accomplished,
though the expedition as a whole had failed, through
over-caution.
McDonald now resolved to hunt on his own hook.
As deputy sheriff, he was restricted to his own
county, but this handicap was speedily removed,
through Eanger Captain S. A. McMurray, who had
him appointed by Governor L. S. Eoss as special
ranger, with sheriff's rights in any county in the
State.
Getting Even tvith the Brooken Gang 67
His authority was to be still further extended,
very soon. One day he received a letter from Cap-
tain George A. Knight of Dallas, Texas, U. S.
Marshal of the Northern District of Texas, asking
him to come to Dallas and be made U. S. Deputy
Marshal, with authority to operate in Southern
Indian Territory and No-man's land, where a man
like him was sorely needed. McDonald went down
without delay and reported at Knight's office.
** I have heard about you and your work up in
Hardeman," said Captain Knight, ** and I want you
for a deputy. But first tell me what are your
politics? '*
McDonald did not hesitate. Knight was a Re-
publican.
** Captain Knight," he said, ** I am the damn-
dest, hell-roaringest, allfiredest Democrat you ever
saw. If politics has anything to do with this ap-
pointment I'd just as well go back."
** "Well," said Knight, ** you're pretty emphatic,
but I guess you'll do. Your kind of politics seem
to suit your job pretty well."
It was only a little while after this that Bill Mc-
Donald was also made Deputy U. S. Marshal of the
southern district of Kansas, which enabled him to
work in the remaining portion of the Territory, and
now, with his four offices — two Deputy U. S. Mar-
shalships. Deputy Sheriff of Hardeman County, and
that of Special Ranger — he was qualified to under-
take at any time any sort of a man-hunt in any
68 Captain Bill McDonald
territory likely to invite his services. He went after
the Brooken gang forthwith, but this time they did
not wait for him. His fame was already in their
ears.
He followed them like a hound on the trail. He
never recovered his two horses and his Newfound-
land dog, but he broke up the gang, utterly. He
brought in Bood Brooken at last and got him sen-
tenced for five years. Bill Brooken himself escaped
to Mexico, was captured there, brought back and
sentenced for one hundred and twenty-seven years.
He has a good deal of that time still to serve.
The life work of the boy who long ago had begun
it by hunting slaves in the swamps of Mississippi
was well started, now; his name as a thief -catcher
was beginning to be known, and honored, and feared.
Yet his more active days — his more valuable days
to the community at large — still lay all ahead, and
of these we shall undertake to telL
X
New Tactics in No-man's Land
a man with a buck-board. holding up a bad gang
single-handed
Something which resembled a sense of security
began to manifest itself in Hardeman and the sur-
rounding counties. There were still cattle thieves
— plenty of them — but with their rendezvous in the
immediate neighborhood broken up, their work be-
came less deliberate. They harbored now further
away — in the remoter places of the Pan-handle, in
the Cherokee Strip and in the fastnesses of No-man's
Land. From these strong-holds they made their
raids, which though more sporadic and less devas-
tating were still a vast nuisance, particularly along
the border counties, where the outlaws could run
over at night, raid a herd none too well guarded, and
have the stolen cattle hidden in some gully or
canyon or brake in their own lawless land by morn-
ing.
No-man's Land waS a favorite retreat for cattle
thieves. It was that strip of public land which was
set down on the map as a part of Indian Territory,
but really belonged to nobody at all. Different ones
of the surrounding States claimed it, and the out-
70 Captain Bill McDonald
laws owned it, by possession and force of arms.
There was no law there and few law abiding citizens.
"What there were, were hard to find, and they didn't
want officers to stop with them for fear of the
enmity of the thieves, who were so greatly in the
majority. It was a fine, sightly land — with good
♦ grass and plenty of water — level land, some of it,
though there was rough country there too — with
good places for outlaws to hide. Here they built
their dug-outs or cabins, established their households
and herded their stolen stock. Some of the cattle
they butchered, peddling the meat in Kansas or the
Pan-handle. Some of the beef they had the nerve
and assurance to drive to market — even to ship —
openly, to Kansas City or Chicago.
It was necessary that No-man's Land should be
reclaimed, and it was partly for this purpose that
U. S. Marshal George A. Knight had commissioned
Bill McDonald his deputy. Thus far all statutory
law had been disregarded in No-man's Land — all
officers had been defied. When, as had happened
now and then, an officer had made his way into that
wilderness, he either lost his life, or had his revolver
and whisky and tobacco taken away from him and
was booted back across the border. It had been
demonstrated that Bill McDonald had a convincing
way with his words and movements, and that he had
a nose for locating cow thieves. Furthermore, it
was believed that he would not be likely to submit
to any liberties taken with his six-shooter and to-
New Tactics in No-man's Land 71
bacco, or to indignities of any sort. So, when the
Brookens and other established ** dealers of the
range '' had been evicted from Hardeman and ad-
joining counties, it fell to Bill McDonald to begin
the No-man's Land crusade.
He was working over in the Pan-handle in 1887
when he learned of a horse that had been stolen
somewhere below, and he set out in pursuit of the
thief. Such trail as he could find led straight for
No-man's Land and he knew that he was bound at
last for that lawless locality where U. S. deputy
marshals were favorite victims.
He was alone, but this fact did not disturb him.
He had always preferred to hunt in that way. There
was less chance of frightening the game. When he
reached Hutchinson County, which is in the second
tier from the north Texas line, he stopped at Turkey
Track Ranch and borrowed a buck-board in which
to bring home his catch. It was still seventy-five
miles to the No-man's Land line, but buck-boards
were few in the Pan-handle in those days and this
was likely to be the last chance to get one. It is
possible that Turkey Track Ranch said good-by to
that buck-board when he drove away, for while they
had heard of Bill McDonald, they also knew of the
usual fate of the U. S. deputy marshals who, with or
without a buck-board, set out on an invasion of No-
man's Land.
It was a long lonesome drive across Hutchinson
and Hansford Counties, and up through No-man's
72 Captain Bill McDonald
Land, to the waters of Beaver Creek. The trail was
not very difficult here, for the thief probably did
not expect to be followed — certainly not farther than
the border line, and had made little effort to cover
his track. It was toward the end of the second or
third day, at last, that the trail became very fresh,
and the man in the buck-board came to a halt and
set out on foot to locate his game. As silently and
cautiously as an Indian he crept through the brush
until he reached a place where peering through he
located, some distance away on the river bank, a
camp consisting of four men and the same number
of horses. His man had found comrades, that was
evident, and it was likely they would join in his
defense. McDonald lay in the brush, watching them,
as long as it was light and then crept closer, trying
to identify the horse he was after, and which of the
men had him in charge. He had no intention of
beginning operations that night, for he had long
since made up his mind that the proper time for a
surprise attack is in the early morning. Men have
not gathered themselves, then, and have not been
awake long enough to be fearless, and quick of
thought and action. His purpose now was to know
his ground exactly, so that with daylight he could
act with a clear understanding.
He was obliged to wait until daylight before he
could be sure of his ground ; then, awake and watch-
ing, he saw the different men go to look after their
horses. He located a bay horse that answered to
New Tactics in No-man\s Land 73
the description of the stolen animal, and identified
the man who had him in charge. He crept back to
his buck-board now, got in and drove up leisurely
to the outlaw camp, looking as inoffensive and guile-
less as any other fly with a horse and buck-board,
driving straight into the spider's den.
* * Good-morning, boys, ' ' he said pleasantly, ^ * you-
all look mighty comfortable with that fire going. I
lost my way and laid out last night. Mebbe you-all
can tell me something about the trails around here.
There don't seem to be none that I can find."
They invited him cordially to get down and warm
himself and said they would show him the trail.
McDonald stepped out and walked over to the fire,
still talking about the country and the weather,
working over close to the man he wanted. The
deputy wore a short overcoat, and he had a pair of
hand-cuffs in the left side-pocket. He got just in
front of his man at last and reached out his right
hand as if to shake hands with him. Instinctively
the man extended his own right hand and at that
instant McDonald's left with the open hand-cuffs
was out like a flash — there was a quick snap, a sud-
den movement — a slight-of-hand movement it was —
then another quick snap and the horse thief, dazed
and half stupefied stood gazing down at the manacles
on his wrists, while Bill McDonald, a gun in each
hand, quietly regarded the other three members of
the camp.
The captive was first to break the silence.
74 Captain Bill McDonald
** Boys," he said, ** what does this mean? "
One of the men turned to McDonald.
" Yes,'' he said, ** what does this mean? Who
are you and what are you going to do with that
man? "
** I'm Deputy U. S. Marshal McDonald, of Texas,''
was the cheerful reply, * * and I 'm going to take this
man with me and put him in jail."
'' What for? "
** For stealing that bay horse out there."
The outlaw advanced a step.
** And you'll just about play hell doing it! " he
said.
*' All right, I am ready to start the game right
now," said McDonald.
The men whispered a little among themselves.
Their saddles were off to one side and their Win-
chesters lay across them, all there together. They
wore six-shooters also, but they realized who their
man was, now, and they were careful to make no
movement toward them. Presently one of the men
said :
** You say you are going to put that fellow in
jail? "
*' That's what I'm going to do."
*^ Well, now let's see about that."
The men were starting in as if to make an argu-
ment. One of the party began working a little in
the direction of the guns. The idea was to distract
the officer 's attention for a moment and get the drop
BEGINNING A CAMPAIGN IN NO-MANS LAND.
"Three pairs of hands went up."
New Tactics in No-man* s Land 75
on him. It was a good game, but it failed to work
in this instance. McDonald brought his guns exactly
to bear on the men in front of him.
** Throw up your hands ! 'Mie commanded, ** every
one of you quick! Throw them up, you scoun-
drels! ''
Three pairs of hands went up.. That command
from Bill McDonald has almost never been dis-
obeyed. Perhaps it is the tone of the voice that
makes it convincing. Perhaps it is the curious look
in those needle-pointed eyes of his; perhaps it is
something more than these — something psychologi-
cally imperative. Whatever it is, it has filled the
air of Texas with hands, from Red River to the Rio
Grande.
** Now, face the other way! '' was the next com-
mand.
The men faced about, their hands still high above
their heads. With one six-shooter still on them,
McDonald went up behind each man and disarmed
him, sticking the revolvers in his own belt. Then
he went over and took the cartridges out of the
Winchesters. He now marched his men to where
the horses were hitched, secured the stolen one and
tied him to the buck-board. Then he ordered his
prisoner to get in and proceeded to shackle him to
the slats of the vehicle. The other three men, mean-
time, were kept in a group, a rod or so ahead in the
direction of Texas.
* * Now, march for Texas, you devils ! ' ' McDonald
76 Captain Bill McDonald
said, when he was seated beside his prisoner. The
procession started, the men complaining that they
had done nothing, and that he had no right to take
them back, even if he were authorized to take the
other man.
Deputy Bill said :
** You fellows have been in the habit over here
of resisting and killing officers, or driving them out,
and doing as you please. I just want to show you
how easy it is to take your kind. Come, move right
along there, now. I don't know what you've done,
but you probably stole all those horses back yon-
der.''
The men now began to beg for their horses, com-
plaining that the animals left behind would stay
there and starve. McDonald really had no intention
of taking them all the way back with him. He had
no warrants for them, and besides he did not care
to march and camp with that number unless neces-
sary. His purpose was to get them far enough away
so that they would not be likely to try to overtake
him and catch him asleep when he should halt for
the night. He made no concessions however, until
they were well along toward the Texas line. Then
he said:
* * Now, if you fellows think you can behave your-
selves and want to go back and tend to your horses,
I may let you go back on that account. But you can
make up your minds, and you can tell your friends
about it, that I'm not afraid of any of you, and I'm
New Tactics in No-man's Land 77
going to clear you dam'd thieves out of this country.
I'm going to show you that there's one man you
won't kill nor run out. Now, will you do what I tell
you? "
The men protested that they were good citizens,
and that if he would let them off they would under-
take missionary work in the cause of law and order.
He let them go, then, and handed back their unloaded
arms, promising them another fate, if he ever
caught them in mischief. He watched them dis-
appear behind the first rise; then, whipping up, he
made the best time he could for Turkey Track
Eanch, where he rested a day, delivered the bor-
rowed buck-board, taking his prisoner next morning
to jail.
XI
Eedeeming No-man's Land
bill mcdonald and lon bukson gather in the bad
MEN. ^^ NO MAN IN THE WRONG CAN STAND
UP AGAINST A FELLOW THAT's IN THE
RIGHT AND KEEPS ON A-COMIN' *'
It was natural that other work in No-man's Land
should follow this first experiment. It having been
demonstrated that Bill McDonald could go into that
infested place and not only come out alive, but bring
back his man, other and more extensive contracts
were laid out for him. There were several bad
gangs there to be broken up before legitimate settlers
could live there, and it was decided that McDonald
was the man for the job.
McDonald on his part was ready for the under-
taking, it being of a sort which he found always most
congenial. Deciding that it was a good thing to have
a reliable partner in the handling of a gang, he
selected for his associate another deputy marshal —
one Lon Burson of Henrietta — a quiet athletic fellow
with plenty of grit and endurance.
* * I could always rely upon Lon, ' ' McDonald said,
in speaking of that period, long after; *^ I believed
I knew just what he would do, every time, and he
never failed me." It may be added that Burson on
Redeeming tJo-man*s Land 7d
his part had complete faith in McDonald, and that
their ideas of conducting a campaign were in exact
accord.
They began on what was thought to be one of the
worst gangs, a band of nine who had established on
Beaver Creek~a general headquarters from which
they conducted a miscellaneous business in crime —
stealing cattle and horses, robbing trains and shoot-
ing down bank officials when occasion offered, fre-
quently crossing over into adjoining States for that
purpose.
McDonald had laid out the plan of attack, which
was to arrive on the scene at his favorite early
hour — daybreak — and then to do no parleying or
long distance firing, but to charge at once and storm
the works. His theory was — and is to-day — that the
criminal cannot stand up against the man who is not
afraid of him and does not hesitate.
'* If you wilt or falter he will kill you,'' he has
often said, * * but if you go straight at him and never
give him time to get to cover, or to think, he will
weaken ninety-nine times in a hundred. No man in
the wrong can stand up against a fellow that's in the
right and keeps on a-comin'. I made up my mind to
that long ago, and IVe never made a mistake yet."
Here in homely vernacular is expressed a mighty
truth. Crime is always coward and cannot stand
against the conviction of right. Error cannot sur-
vive in the face of truth that does not falter and
** keeps on a-comin'."
80 Captain Bill McDonald
McDonald and Burson proceeded in the saddle to
Higgins, in Lipscomb County — a station on the
Santa Fe Eailroad, and their last base of supplies.
Here they chartered a big three-seated hack in which
to bring back their prisoners, should their raid
prove successful. They put their own horses to this
vehicle, loaded their saddles in behind and continued
their journey.
It was toward evening when they arrived in the
neighborhood of the outlaw den and camped in a
secluded place, to wait for morning. The house
stood in the edge of the prairie, near Beaver Creek
and was easy of access. It was made of logs and
seemed to be a deserted ranch place, probably built
by some adventurous person who had long since
departed for a locality where there was more law,
even if less grass.
One of the band — an early riser — had just gone
out to round up the horses when the two deputies,
mounted, made their approach, next morning. He
discovered them when they were about four hun-
dred yards away and made for the house, McDonald
and Burson following at full speed. The outlaw was
a little in advance, and his eight companions were
out in front with their Winchesters when the officers
bore down on them.
* ' Go round the house, Lon, and come in from be-
hind. 1^11 'tend to them on this side/' said Mc-
Donald as they dashed up.
This maneuver was immediately put into action
Redeeming No-man* s Land 81
and in less than a minute later the deputies were on
the spot, their game between them. In another in-
stant both deputies had slid from their horses and
were in the midst of the confused, half awake out-
laws.
*^ Drop them guns! Drop 'em, and put up your
hands! ** commanded McDonald — ^his own gun and
Burson's leveled.
There was not even an attempt at resistance. The
bandits were simply dazed, overwhelmed by the
suddenness and vigor of the onslaught. Heretofore,
attacks — always made by a posse — had begun with
scouting and skirmish and ended with a running
fight, usually at long range. The plan of two mere
deputies coming straight upon them and demanding
sudden and complete surrender was wholly new.
As before remarked, there was something about it
terribly convincing — almost supernatural.
McDonald kept the men covered, now, while Bur-
son secured their weapons. Then, hand-cuffed and
shackled, they were marched to the big hack, crowded
into it and driven fifty miles to Higgins ; thence by
rail to the United States Commissioner at Wichita
Falls.
McDonald, as usual, was sociable enough with his
prisoners, once secure,, and delivered to them his
customary homily, as they drove along.
** I just want to show you fellows, up here, how
easy it is to take you,*' he said affably. ** You-all
have got the notion that you can run this country
82 Captain Bill McDonald
your own way, and that there ain't any officers that
can come up here and make you behave. Now, you-
all are mightily mistaken. I'm going to put every
one of you fellows in jail and a lot more like you.
You know well enough it ain't right to act like you-
all have been doing — driving off other men's cattle
and robbing trains and shooting men that you had
the drop on. You might know you'd get into trouble.
The United States has made laws against such busi-
ness as that, and them laws cover this country the
same as anywhere else and every one of your kind
up in here is going to find it out."
The gang was landed safely in "Wichita Falls.
Some of them were eventually convicted; the rest
either became better citizens or sought quieter ter-
ritory for their industries. The cleaning up of No-
man's Land had begun.
The work of active reform was not allowed to
languish. News of the first successful raid traveled
quickly, and State Senator Temple Houston — son
of Governor Sam Houston — notified McDonald that
the Sheriff of Hansford County was in need of assis-
tance to cope with a bad gang which had a ren-
dezvous just across the border from Hansford, in
No-man's Land. These bandits had been carrying
on the usual business of horse and cattle stealing
and general highway robbery. Unlike some of the
officials, the sheriff of Hansford, though not noted
for reckless bravery, was in no way in league with
the thieves and desired only their extermination.
Redeeming No-man's Land 83
His jurisdiction, however, extended no farther than
the Texas line, and thus far no State or federal
officer had rendered any assistance. As a result,
the band, becoming very bold, had pitched their camp
just over the line, and had defied arrest, declaring
they would shoot the first man that stepped across.
When Bill McDonald got the word from Senator
Houston, he immediately sent over for Lon Burson
and then proceeded to Canadian, Hemhill County,
where Houston lived. Here they learned more fully
what work was cut out for them, and presently con-
tinued their journey over into Hansford, where,
from the sheriff, they secured the names of the of-
fenders, as far as possible, and a partial list of their
misdeeds. Complaints were now filed against six
men, the usual commodious hack was secured ; also,
a light buggy for possible side excursions, and Mc-
Donald and Burson, accompanied by the sheriff as
a guide, drove through the gray of early morning,
to the line which divided Hansford County from No-
man's Land.
Arriving at the border, the sheriff pointed out
where the robber den — a log building — was located,
not more than eight hundred yards beyond. Then
he said he would wait there until they got back.
** Come right along with us,'* said McDonald,
** we need you to identify the men.''
But the officer said ** No," that the men knew him,
and it might alarm them if they saw him coming.
Besides, he had no authority over there.
84 Captain Bill McDonald
"■ Never mind that,'' urged McDonald, '' I'll risk
the consequences, and I'll make you one of a
deputy's posse, which fixes your authority all
right."
But the sheriff still said '* No," that he didn't
care for any more authority than he had — that any-
thing new in that line might make him proud. He
said he thought he would enjoy sitting there in the
hack where he would have a good view of what hap-
pened to them when they tackled that outfit.
McDonald and Burson, therefore, set out in the
light buggy, driving leisurely across the intervening
space. Arriving near the log-house, they discovered
that five men were up, and sitting sleepily on the
ground in front of their cabin, their Winchesters
leaning against the wall behind them. Evidently
they did not look for any attack, and even when
they saw the approaching buggy, their wits were not
sufficiently collected to suspect that these might be
officers ; nor could they realize that any two men in
a buggy would drive over to attempt their cajpture.
In another instant they were covered.
' ^ Get up from there and throw up your hands ! ' '
was the word of greeting they received. *^ And
don't try to touch them guns. The first man that
tries it I'll kill him."
The five men rose — it was polite to do so — also,
they refrained from offering any discourtesy in the
matter of the guns. McDonald now called the roll
of the names he wanted, and curious as it may seem,
Redeeming No-man* s Land 85
each man answered to his name. One man of the
six wanted, being missing, the officers proceeded to
hand-cuff and shackle the five captured men, and
marched them back to the hack, where the sheriff of
Hansford was waiting.
Of course the sheriff didn't believe it was true.
He had had such dreams before and thought he
would wake up, presently, at home, in bed. When
he convinced himself at last that he was not asleep,
he offered to aid in the search for the sixth man. He
was well acquainted with the Territory trails, and
McDonald decided to send Burson to Hansford with
the hack-load and to proceed with the buggy and the
sheriff after Number Six of the gang who, it ap-
peared, had a place of his own some twenty miles
away.
Number Six was out looking after his cattle —
about thirty in number — the result of industry —
when McDonald and the sheriff of Hansford arrived,
and not expecting official guests, was unprepared.
He had, in fact, '* no more gun than a rabbit," as
Deputy Bill said afterward, and his capture was
child's play. That night the gang complete set out
for Wichita Falls, to be tried later in the United
States Court at Dallas.
Raids followed each other rapidly. One gang of
cattle thieves after another was gathered in, and
took up the march for Dallas and trial. Outlawing
in No-man 's Land became an unpopular occupation.
Men of more legitimate enterprise began to wonder
86 Captain Bill McDonald
if the time was not coming, by and by, when they
could do business on or within the borders of that
territory without the protection of a company of
soldiers. The fame of Bill McDonald was on every
man's tongue, and those who had not seen him, es-
pecially the outlaws still at large, usually conceived
him to be a very terrible person : large, bushy, heavy
of voice and fierce of mien. Yet he was just the op-
posite of all these things. He was slender, quiet,
blue-eyed, and gentle of voice — only, he had that gift
of command — that look, and that manner of speech
with law-breakers which they did not disobey. The
time came presently in No-man's Land when his
name alone and a rumor that he was coming was suf-
ficient to cause a gang to contemplate emigration.
Perhaps they believed he bore a charmed life, and
it was useless to resist him. If so, they were hardly
to be blamed for such a conviction.
xn
Some op the Difficulties of Kefoem
** frontier '' law and practice. caught in a
norther in no-man 's land
It is neither necessary nor possible to give a full
history of all the raids that during the brief period
of little more than a year broke up organized law-
lessness in that stray corner of the nation and re-
deemed an abandoned land. The general plan was
the same in all. The early morning hour ; the hack
and the Winchester; the surprise attack, and the
pleasant drive home with the guests duly hand-
cuffed and shackled ; these were features common to
each episode. Though conducted against desperate
men, it was a bloodless warfare. Nobody was killed
— scarcely a gun was fired. Bill McDonald's career
was not to be always like that. There was to be
shooting enough and blood-letting too, but the No-
man's Land campaign was peculiar in the absence
of these customary attributes of border warfare.
Yet there are one or two aspects of the happen-
ings of that period which may not be overlooked
here. As before suggested, the administrators of
the law were not always to be relied upon. Some of
them were actually in league with the law-breakers;
88 Captain Bill McDonald
others were honest enough, but afraid of them. But
there was still another sort, who being both honest
and courageous lacked information. Sometimes this
resulted in curious complications which were annoy-
ing and discouraging to an officer. Often, the results
were rather humorous in their nature. The follow-
ing is an illustration of frontier jurisprudence.
McDonald had heard of a cow thief in No-man's
Land who was working on his own hook — a sporadic
case, as one might say — and went over to arrest him.
He descended upon him in an unexpected moment,
and though the outlaw strenuously protested that it
being Sunday the law of arrest did not hold good,
Deputy Bill conveyed him across the border and
down into Koberts County where the cattle had been
stolen and where there was a justice of the peace — ^it
being hardly worth while to take a single prisoner to
"Wichita Falls. McDonald's idea was that the justice
would have authority to bind his prisoner over until
such time as the grand jury of that district should
meet and indict him in regular form.
Now, Eoberts County was a wild desolate place in
those days. There was no town anywhere about,
and few people. There had been no previous call
for administration of the law of any sort, and up
to that time no case had come before this justice
of the peace. On the arrival of McDonald with his
prisoner, his honor convened court with a sort of
a helpless look. His office was merely a title, so far
as he was concerned, and the wide realm of the law
Some of the Difficulties of Reform 89
was to him an unexplored country. He had a copy
of the ** Kevised Statutes,'^ however, which he now
took down and examined, perhaps for the first time.
With McDonald ^s help he found the section which
related to cattle stealing, and the penalty. Kegular
procedure, with indictments and trial by jury were
as nothing to him. He only knew that he had been
elected to his office, and that his duty was to ad-
minister the law as laid down. He read the law as
pointed out, and assumed a judicial severity.
** You own up that you stole them cattle? *' he
said to the prisoner.
The prisoner nodded.
** Then as justice of the peace of this county I
hereby send you to the penitentiary for ten years. * '
McDonald gasped.
** Judge,'* he said, *^ I don't believe that's quite
regular. ' '
'' Why; ain't that the law? "
** Well, yes, but you see he's entitled to trial, an'
mebbe it would be just as well to bind him over
under a good heavy bond, and if he can't raise it
send him to jail over in Canadian until the grand
jury meets. Of course I only mention that as being
the usual way of doing things. ' '
The justice looked a little disappointed.
** Why, yes, of course, if you want it that way,"
he said, ^* but the man's guilty and I thought you'd
like to put the thing through as quick and easy as
possible, and save expense. Oh, well, any way to
90 Captain Bill McDonald
suit you. I'll make Ms bond heavy enough, any-
way." He paused to think, perhaps trying to im-
agine a sum large enough for a man who had plead
guilty to the heinous crime of cattle stealing. ** I'll
put him under a heavy bond — a good heavy bond —
I'll make it three hundred dollars ! "
It will be seen that an official who was given to
inspirations such as these could become a trial, even
with the best intentions in the world ; and there were
others who added arrogance to their ignorance, and
connivance at crime. Nor were the raids into No-
man's Land altogether pleasure excursions even
though Deputies Bill McDonald and Lon Burson,
with their headlong tactics and general disregard
of death, had things pretty much their own way
when it came to the final show-down. There were
long wearying journeys in a trailless land and long
night vigils when bone and muscle and nerve were
racked and the whole body cried out for sleep. The
onset might be swift and reckless, once begun, but
the preparation for that moment was cautious and
slow and often beset with difficulties. The few dwel-
lers in No-man's Land really desirous of getting
rid of the outlaws, were afraid to reveal their
anxiety, to give anything resembling information,
or even to offer shelter to the officers. They knew
that to manifest any interest on the side of law and
order would incur the enmity of the gangs and bring
down reprisal swift and bloody. McDonald and
Some of the Difficulties of Reform 91
Burson realized this, and, however severe the con-
ditions of weather and weariness, faced theiii, rather
than impose any risk upon men whose only offense
was to dwell among very bad neighbors.
At one time the deputies were after a gang of five
men, wanted for murder and theft, and were driving
from Higgins into No-man's Land, with hack and
team, their saddles loaded in behind, as usual. It
was late in, the year, now, and suddenly in the swift
Texas fashion a norther came down, with piercing
wind and fine driving snow. If the reader has never
seen a Texas norther, or a Dakota blizzard, he will
hardly understand their predicament. The wind
leaps up in a wild gale almost in an instant ; the air
from being balmy takes on a sudden bitterness that
wrings the body and numbs the heart and pinches
the very soul. Then the snow comes, fine and blind-
ing— sharp and hard as glass. No living being was
ever created that could survive long in the face of
a storm like that. Cattle know when a norther is
coming and find shelter in canyons, or gather into
thick bunches in the open, their heads to the center.
Birds speed away to the south, ahead of it, or find
shelter in hollows and crannies until the demon has
passed by. A storm like that always means death.
The Texas norther and the Dakota blizzard have
strewn the prairies with bones.
McDonald and Burson in the face of such a tem-
pest tried to press on, hoping to find a shelter of
92 Captain Bill McDonald
some sort — anything that would break the terrible
wind. But everywhere was only the wide prairie,
level as the sea and lost now in the swirling drift.
Night was coming on rapidly, and unless a place for
camp was found soon, their case would be hopeless,
indeed. It seemed to them that they had drifted
for hours, battling against the norther — though it
probably was less than one hour — when they came
upon some stacks of prairie hay, which indicated
the habitation of men. Without seeking further,
they made for the shelter of the stacks, burrowed
themselves and their horses into them, allowing the
latter to feed liberally from the hay. There they
remained all night and until the afternoon of the
next day, the men without food. The storm abated
then, and the officers undiscouraged, pressed on,
reaching the outlaw camp late in the afternoon, in-
stead of at their favorite morning hour.
The surprise was quite as complete, however, for
the last thing that those bandits expected was that
two officers should suddenly appear out of that white
devastation to take them to jail. They were too
much astonished to attempt resistance and were on
their way to Wichita Falls that night, following the
road which earlier in the year so many of their kind
had taken.
Indeed it was this capture at the end of 1888 that
marked about the close of the heaviest work in that
particular section. The year's crusade had demon-
strated that No-man's Land was not big enough to
Some of the Difficulties of Reform 93
hold a band of cow thieves and two deputies like
Bill McDonald and Lon Burson at the same time. It
was no encouragement to a band of hard-working
outlaws, just as they had got their plant established
and things well under way to be suddenly pounced
down upon and put out of business by two men who
had no regard for the customary rules of fighting,
but just rushed right in with a lot of impertinent
orders and an assortment of hand-cuffs and always
had a big hack ready to start at a moment's notice
for Wichita Falls.
** What is the use? '* one of the freebooters is
said to have complained, ** A fellow no more than
gets started when these dam' fools come in and upset
everything. ' '
What was the use? Such of the No-man's Land
fraternity as still remained unhung and out of jail
set out for other fields of labor. Some of them
located in the more barren districts of New Mexico
and Arizona. Some of them settled in the further
places of what was then known as the Cherokee
Strip, where they joined with congenial spirits in
that territory, and pretending to be engaged in
agriculture — for they were in a more settled country
— Indian country — continued their old business at
the new stand. These we shall meet again presently,
for if they had said good-by to Bill McDonald, he
had not said good-by to them. It would require new
tactics to deal with the new conditions — to identify
the outlaw in the pretended agriculturist, and to get
94 Captain Bill McDonald
evidence for his conviction. It would require the
development of another talent in Bill McDonald's
make-up, and that talent was ready for cultivation,
as we shall see.
XIII
Captain Bill as a Tkee-man
THE LOST DROVE OP LAZARUS.
HOSS '' A NEW WAY OP GETTING INFORMATION
Meanwhile, the ranch on Wanderer's Creek had
suffered. Compelled to be absent most of the time,
McDonald was unable to give his herd personal pro-
tection, and now and again bunches of his cattle
were driven off by outlaws from across the border.
His brave wife, facing the problem of the wilderness
with only a few hired helpers, did her best, but was
not always able to prevent these raids. The thieves
would seem to have taken especial delight in watch-
ing for the times when Deputy Bill was absent and
then descending on his herds, mainly for the booty,
no doubt, but also by way of retaliation. It was a
dangerous thing for them to do, and though they
were certain to pay for it in the end; the double
temptation of profit and revenge was not to be
resisted.
But while the ranch did not prosper, its owner
was in no immediate danger of bankruptcy. "With
his success in breaking up the gangs in Hardeman
and adjoining counties, and in No-man's Land, Mc'
96 Captain Bill McDonald
Donald's fame had grown amazingly. As a thief -
taker he was regarded as a past-master. That an
outlaw could neither intimidate nor elude him, and
that when he was feeling well he could whip any
number of them single-handed, before breakfast,
was the current belief. The Cattle-men's Associa-
tion— a combination of law abiding ranchmen, one
of the strongest organizations ever known — invited
his special attention to their herds and contributed
a monthly acknowledgement of one hundred and
fifty dollars, which with his numerous fees made his
income an ample one — often as large as five hundred
dollars a month — sometimes double this amount.
Among the members of the association was Sam
Lazarus, who was with Bull Turner when he was
shot by the Brookens, and who came into town on
the whiffletrees, undamaged, but a good deal shaken
up as to nerves. Soon after McDonald's arrange-
ment with the cattlemen, Lazarus was sending a
herd of perhaps a thousand head into Kansas, driv-
ing them across the Territory. Pat Wolf orth, whose
name may also be recalled in connection with the
Brookens, was in charge of this herd, and when just
beyond the Territory line, in a very lonely district,
met with misfortune. One evening near nightfall
the cattle suddenly became frightened, doubtless
through some device of the outlaws, and Wolforth
and his men found it impossible to control them. A
general stampede followed and Lazarus 's cattle
were scattered over the prairies and through the
Captain Bill as a Tree-man 97
fastnesses of the Strip — a prey to the spoilers lying
in wait on every hand. It was a heavy disaster and
there seemed little hope of much in the way of re-
covery. The spring round-up might gather in a
few stragglers, but for the most part the herds of
Lazarus were believed to be beyond all hope of
restoration.
Bill McDonald took no such view of the situation.
With Pat Wol forth he immediately visited the scene
of the stampede, and began looking for cattle with
the ** Diamond-tail *' brand, such being the symbol
of the Lazarus herd. It was a ticklish undertaking.
Some of the cattle had been butchered, and these of
course were lost. Others had been absorbed by the
herds of men who though not regularly engaged in
cow stealing were in nowise particular as to whose
cows they got and welcomed anything that browsed
unguarded on the range. Still others had been col-
lected in '^ pockets *' — small gullies or canyons —
where they were retired from general circulation,
guarded, as a rule, by one or two ostensible cow-
boys.
McDonald began by prevailing upon the honest
ranchmen in that section to join at once in a general
round-up by which means a great number of cattle
could be collected and distributed to their rightful
owners. The result was fairly satisfactory and a good
many of Lazarus 's cattle were recovered, though
not always without disputes and a display of fire-
arms, especially where the brands had been grown
98 Captain Bill McDonald
over by the long winter-coat of hair. Such cases
were settled first and tried afterward. In other
words, McDonald and Wolforth possessed them-
selves of the cattle and then at their leisure ' ^ picked
the brand,'' which is the range idiom for picking
the hair from around the brand with a pocket-knife,
so the brand may be seen. If the brand proved to
be other than that of the Lazarus herd, the cattle
were turned over to their true owners. When the
round-up was over the cow-hunters took up the
search in other directions.
It mattered little to McDonald and Wolforth
where they found the Diamond-tail brand — they
took the cattle, peaceably if possible, forcibly if
necessary. They conducted the campaign with an
enthusiasm and vigor which did not invite argument.
Large herds they searched without ceremony and if
any cattle of their brand were found, they were * * cut
out " with few formalities and with scant courtesy.
When they came upon bunches of the Diamond-tail
brand in secluded places, they did not pause to
present any credentials except their Winchesters
which they carried always ready for instant action,
and set out at once with the cattle ; also, sometimes,
with the astonished cowboys as well. It was a sud-
den and energetic procedure and resulted in the re-
covery of the greater number of the lost drove of
Lazarus.
It resulted further in a definite plan by Bill Mc-
Donald for the discouragement of cattle stealing in
Captain Bill as a Tree-man 99
the Territory, and for the capture of the most
actively engaged in that industry. As set down in
a foregoing chapter, the outlaws in the Cherokee
Strip were not likely to be congregated in a single
rendezvous, as had been the case in No-man's Land,
but were scattered as individual squatters through
neighborhoods more or less friendly to their busi-
ness, or at least not bold enough openly to oppose it.
Indeed, the back country was very sparsely settled,
and the Indians and half-breed whites and negroes
were not especially interested in law and order, even
where they were not directly concerned in opposing
these things. Along the rivers — the Cimmaron, the
Canadian, the Washita and the North Fork of the
Eed River, the country was rugged, and the hiding
places for plunder were good. The prairies were
nice and level with fine land and plentiful grass.
White men had no legal right of residence there,
except where they were intermarried with the
Indians, and those who acquired citizenship in this
manner were not likely to be any more desirable
than those others whose occupation was itself an
infringement on the law.
* ' Did they raise anything there. Bill ? ' ' McDonald
was asked in discussing the conditions, long after-
ward.
** Just raised hell!*' the old Ranger answered
drily.
Nearly all, however, made a pretense of agricul-
tural employments; for after all, the country, un-
100 Captain Bill McDonald
like No-man's Land, was really under a regular form
of government; legitimate settlement was consider-
able, and there was a semblance, at least, of law and
order. Also, there were towns of considerable size,
and railroads — the latter affording liberal returns
now and then when some train was waited upon in
a lonely place and the express messengers, mail
agents and passengers were invited at the point of
six-shooters to contribute to a highway development
fund. The writer of these chapters was himself a
resident of Kansas during this earlier period, and
he recalls now what an uninteresting month it was
when an M. K. & T. or Santa Fe or Eock Island
train did not come up out of the Territory with
passengers telegraphing home for money and the
express and mail cars full of bullet holes.
Bill McDonald decided to break up this sort of
thing, and set about it in a way suggested by his own
peculiar genius. It was necessary first to identify
the men who were really concerned in these various
employments, for in a country where all were * ^ set-
tlers,'^ even if unofficial ones, it was not worth while
working at hap-hazard and bothering men whose
only offense might be that of squatting. Investiga-
tion must be conducted openly and yet in a way to
avoid suspicion. His gentle manner and seemingly
inoffensive personality suited him for just such an
undertaking, and he prepared and ** made up ''
carefully for the part.
Eeturning to Quanah and Wanderer's Creek, he
Captain Bill as a Tree-man 101
bought a ** paint horse '' (a spotted pony) ; an old
tenderfoot saddle, such as a plainsman would never
use, and a book with pretty pictures of fruit in it
— a regular nurseryman's plate-book — the kind of
a book fruit-tree salesmen always carry. Then
dressed as unlike an officer, or a cow-man, or a
Texan as possible, with these properties he set out
— to all appearances a genial, garrulous, easy-going
tree-man, inviting orders and confidences — willing
to sit around all day and whittle and swap knives
and yarns, and to express any kind of interest or
sympathy necessary to encourage a man to tell his
business ventures and those of his neighbors.
It was a pleasant excursion, enough. No fruit-
tree man had been through that section before —
none ever had dared, or perhaps thought it worth
while, to go. McDonald's excursion proved that
profit awaited the seller of trees who should first
make that wilderness his territory. He had expected
not much in the way of sales, for he did not imagine
that men engaged in driving off and slaughtering
other men's cattle, and in waylaying trains and rob-
bing banks would have any special taste for horticul-
ture. This was an error of judgment. Most of these
bad men had been fairly good boys at home at some
time in the past, and the sight of those luminous
plates presenting fruit of extravagant size and
coloring, made their mouths fairly water at the
thought of its cultivation by the doorway of their
own dug-outs or sod houses or log cabins. They
102 Captain Bill McDonald
turned the pages lovingly, and lingered over tlie
wonderful plums and pears and peaches, and as they
turned they talked and somehow almost without
realizing it they told a great many things about
themselves and neighbors which no well-trained and
properly constructed outlaw should tell, even to a
sympathetic and simple-hearted fruit-tree man who
wrote down the orders and listened and chuckled at
some of the yarns, while he encouraged further con-
fidences.
He would drift around presently to his customer's
former place of residence, and to the reason for his
leaving. It was easy enough for an alert tree-man
to detect a lack of complete frankness in the replies,
especially, if the reason had ^' something about a
cow or horse '' in it, that being the usual first ad-
mission that the isolation of the Strip had been
found congenial for other reasons than those con-
nected with its soil and climate. The tree-man did
not hesitate to give a generous return for any such
confidences, inventing on the spot some of his own
for the purpose. The number and character of
crimes he confessed to having been accused of in the
States would be worth recording in this history if
they could be remembered now. But, alas, like other
gay bubbles, they were blown only to charm for the
moment, and once vanished cannot be recalled. The
tree-man would then fall to abusing laws in general
and the men who enforced them, and end by declar-
ing that he was mightily in love with that particular
Captain Bill as a Tree-man 103
section and would stay where there was little or no
chance of meeting any of those obnoxious officials,
if the boys would consider him one of them and all
stand together in time of trouble. Talk like this
would open the door for anything. The rest of the
interview was likely to run something as follows :
Picture : Two men seated on a log, or down on the
grass cowboy style, in front of a dug-out; one the
slim, mild-looking tree-man; the other a burly
person, very dirty, hairy and unkempt, bent over
a large book of gay pictures which the tree-man
leans forward to explain. Nearby, two horses are
grazing, the ** paint-hoss '' with the old tenderfoot
saddle and saddle-bags ; the other a very good look-
ing animal, often saddled and bridled for prompt
use.
** By gum," nods the big burly individual, staring
at a picture of such peaches as grow only in para-
dise, ** eating peaches like them would be like holdin'
up the Santa Fe express.''
** That's what," assents the salesman gayly,
** regular picnic all the time. I s'pose you fellers
in here have money to throw at the birds after that
kind of a job."
** Well, not so much after all. Too many have to
have a piece out of it. Everybody wants to help.
It has to be a pretty big basket of money to cut in
two more'n twice and leave enough to pay."
The salesman shows a sympathetic interest.
** Of course," he agrees, ** it's too bad to spoil a
104 Captain Bill McDonald
good bunch of money by making little piles of it. I
guess you have to have a good many though for a
job like that."
*^ No, two can do it, an' there ain't no need of
more'n three. One to take care of the engineer,
another to pull down on the passengers and the other
man to go through 'em. It's plum easy. They give
up like sinners at a camp-meetin', and the messen-
gers and mail fellers come down pretty easy, too.
If they don't we put a few shots through their cars
and that fetches 'em. ' '
** But you had to kill the messenger in that Rock
Island job, last fall."
** Well, I wasn't in that mess — that was another
outfit. Them boys are huntin' trouble and '11 find it
some day, good an' plenty. "When I put a job
through, the' ain't nobody going to get killed unless
they commit reg'lar suicide. You ought to come
down here an' go in with me. You've got a per-
suadin' way about you that would make a man give
up anything he had and thank you for takin' it. It
'ud pay yeh better, I reckon, than ridin' a paint-
hoss over the country, peddlin' trees. That reminds
me — you c'n give me six o' them peaches, an' a
few o' them pears an' plums an' a couple o' cherry-
trees and some grape-vines — the big yaller ones —
Niagaries, I think you said they was. ' '
And this was the drift of more than one conversa-
tion between the Cherokee agriculturists and the
genial tree-man who certainly did have a ** per-
Captain Bill as a Tree-tnan 105
suadin* way '* in making a man give up anything
he had, in the way of information. No one could
dream that this inoffensive mild-eyed pilgrim on a
paint-hoss could ever make trouble in that wilder-
ness of lawless living and of desperate men.
So for several weeks the tree-man on his paint-
horse with his old tenderfoot saddle and his picture-
book loitered up through the Strip and on over into
the Territory, on the surface taking orders for
spring delivery, and beneath it all locating the dif-
ferent communities of offenders; the individuals of
the same; stolen cattle and horses, and securing
data of particular crimes. He ended his canvass at
Guthrie, a busy frontier point on the Santa Fe, with
twenty-five hundred dollars worth of orders for trees
— trees which might be bearing to this day if the
spring deliveries had been made as planned.
XIV
The Day foe '* Deliveeies "
the teee-man tukns officee and single-handed
wipes out a bad gang
But McDonald was ready now for deliveries of a
different sort — deliveries of the purchasers them-
selves, into the hands of the law. As a preliminary
step he swore out warrants for eight men — the chief
operators in a very bad community located along
a small creek between Guthrie and Kingfisher — about
fifteen miles west of the latter. He then went with
his warrants to a deputy marshal at Guthrie and
invited his co-operation in making the arrests. The
Guthrie deputy looked at him with curiosity, won-
dering perhaps if this circuit-riding Texas person
was in his right mind. Clearly the fame of Bill
McDonald had not yet penetrated into darkest Okla-
homa. Then, when he had looked over Bill Jess's
credentials, and perhaps felt his pulse, he said:
^ * If you can get a company of soldiers to go along
I might undertake that job with you. You don't
know that Sand Creek crowd — I do. No two men
nor ten men could go up against that outfit and get
back alive. Bring a company of regulars over here,
if you want to undertake that campaign. ' '
The Bay for '' Deliveries '' 107
McDonald argued, and related what he had done
in No-man's Land, but to no purpose. A sudden
charge might work, over there, the deputy said,
where the gangs were bunched, and were surprised
before they were awake enough to fight. But it was
different over here. The bad men were scattered a
mile or so apart and while you might get the drop
on one, there 'd be a lot more left to get the drop on
you, and you'd be full of lead before sunrise. No-
siree, nothing less than soldiers, and plenty of them,
would do that job.
McDonald went about the town trying to enlist
volunteers. He realized that a scattered gang would
require time to corral, and that its members would
be likely to be awake and busy, before he got them
all in. He did not want a company of soldiers, for
such a force would scare the gang and accomplish
nothing; but he did want a few quick fearless men
for this work. Finally he wired U. S. Marshal
Walker at Topeka, Kansas, to come on first train.
Walker came, and McDonald explained the situation.
*^ IVe got these men located, and warrants for
their arrest,'* he said, ** and now I can't get your
deputies or anybody else to give me a hand on the
job. It ain't just the sort of a thing I want to do
alone, for we ought to get to several of these men's
houses simultaneous like, an' I thought you might
be able to persuade these boys to come along."
'' Certainly," said Walker, '' that's all right—
they don't know who you are. I'm satisfied from
108 Captain Bill McDonald
what U. S. Marshal Knight, of Dallas, has written
me that you know what you want to do, and how to
go at it. I'll get the men together and explain the
situation. ' '
They collected about a dozen deputies and posse-
men, and Walker explained as agreed. It was no
use. The men declared that no small force could go
into the Sand Creek neighborhood and come out
alive, and nothing short of a squad of trained
soldiers would be of any use. McDonald looked them
over scornfully. Then he turned to Walker,
* * If I had as sorry a lot of men as that, ' * he said,
''I'd discharge them on the spot. I'll go out there
alone, if I can get a man with nerve enough to drive
a hack, and I'll bring back a load of criminals, too."
This was regarded as a bluff. Walker returned
to Topeka, and Bill McDonald's fruit-tree expedi-
tion began to look like a failure. McDonald, how-
ever, was not the sort of a person to whom the words
*' bluff " and '' failure " were likely to apply. He
discovered a man presently who agreed to drive a
hack, provided he would be asked to do no fighting,
and would be allowed to remain out of range.
'' If you ever get 'em to the hack and tied, I'll
haul 'em, ' ' he said, but it was clear that he expected
to haul home a dead deputy marshal, instead.
They set out long before day-break, next morning,
with a big three-seater — McDonald with an extra
horse — and drove to the home of what was con-
sidered the most desperate of the Sand Creek gang
The Day for '' Deliveries '' 109
— a very hard looking customer who lived with his
wife in a dug-out in a small clearing. When they
had arrived within about two hundred yards of the
place, the driver declared that he was satisfied with
his position and did not think it necessary by the
terms of his contract to go any closer. It was full
early, barely daybreak, and everything was very
still. McDonald lost no time, therefore, for a whinny
of the horses might rouse the occupants of the
dug-out, and with his Winchester cocked stepped
across the little clearing and without ceremony
pushed open the door. As he did so a woman
stepped directly in front of him, calling out a warn-
ing to some one behind her. In the dimness of the
place McDonald saw a man on a bed in the corner
reaching for a gun which lay on the mattress near
him. It was no time for manners. With a quick
sweep of his gun the officer pushed the woman aside
and covered the man on the bed, before he could
bring his weapon to bear.
** Drop it,'' he said. *' Drop it or you're a dead
man! "
There was no mistaking the sincerity of that
order. The mild fruit-tree peddler, was merged
completely into the resolute officer with eyes of steel
and a crisp voice that uttered words of unmistakable
meaning. The gun fell upon the bed. McDonald
stepped forward and slipping hand-cuffs on his
prisoner, ordered him to start for the hack and to
make no suspicious movements. Arriving at the
k
110 Captain Bill McDonald
awaiting vehicle he invited him to step in and be
shackled.
^^ First delivery, '* he said to the astonished
driver. ** We'll go on now and make the rest.'*
The next hut was perhaps a mile further along,
and the sun was getting up when they arrived. As
they approached, they saw the occupant standing in
the doorway. He saw them about the same time,
and suspected trouble. His horse was hitched to a
mesquite tree, and making for it he mounted and
fled. McDonald was mounted also and gave chase.
The race continued for perhaps half a mile when
the officer realized that his man had the better horse
and would presently get into the brakes and escape.
He dismounted quickly, therefore, and taking care-
ful aim began to shoot at the ground near the flying
horse in such a manner that the bullet striking the
earth would go singing by, very close to the ears
of the fugitive. He had long since discovered that a
bullet singing in that way, close to a man's ears has
an impressive and convincing sound. A man hear-
ing a bullet sing by like that would be willing to bet
any reasonable sum that the next one would hit him,
especially when the command, ^^ Halt! or I'll get
you, next time, ' ' came with it. With the second shot
the disturbed rider brought his horse up suddenly,
dismounted and made motions of surrender. Mc-
Donald signaled him to approach, still keeping him
covered. He came up in good order, and was
marched toward the hack, the driver of which
The Day for '' Deliveries " 111
headed in that direction, now that the danger was
over.
It was thought that the sound of the shooting
might have aroused the neighborhood by this time,
and the thief-hunters worked more cautiously.
There was no need, however. Gun-fire was of too
frequent occurrence to create alarm in that locality,
and the sense of immunity from the law had become
too chronic to be lightly disturbed. The desperadoes
had been left unmolested so long that they had be-
come established in their security and careless of
intrusion. Two men were at breakfast at the next
place, and deputy Bill's Winchester covered them
before they fairly realized that they had a morning
visitor. These two were hand-cuffed together and
marched to the hack. The driver by this time had
picked up a good deal of courage and remained only
a few yards behind. As for the outlaws, they were
inclined to be sociable, and with the true Western
American spirit discerned a certain humor in the
situation.
** Hello, Jim, you been buying fruit trees too? ''
was the greeting of one of the men already loaded
as the hand-cuffed pair came in. ** What did you
get, peaches or pears? ''
** You go to hell, will you? You'll get a tree with
a rope on it before you get out of this mess. ' '
^* That's all right — you must have bought sour
grapes, I reckon, the way you talk. ' '
** No, his got frost-bit. They'll be all right in the
112 Captain Bill McDonald
spring. My apples got a little case of dry-rot, too.
I wonder how Buck Dillon ^11 like them blue plums o '
his'n.''
McDonald, always good-natured with his pris-
oners, joined in the bantering.
^^ I^m delivering, * ' he said, '' I brought in a nice
pair, this time, ' ^ as he loaded his double capture into
the hack. Truly no situation can entirely destroy
the breezy Western point of view.
The next house lay across quite a stretch of
prairie and the hack and its contents were discovered
before the approach was near enough for effec-
tive action. McDonald on horseback immediately
charged, but the outlaw suspected the nature of his
visitor and mounting his horse raced away, empty-
ing his six-shooter at his pursuer. Eiding, and
shooting backward disturbed his aim and his bul-
lets flew wild. McDonald also began shooting, to
bring him to a halt, not to kill. As the outlaw un-
cased his Winchester, however, the officer decided
that it was time to bring matters to a focus. Drop-
ping to the ground he knelt and set some bullets
singing close to the ear of the fugitive. At first this
only had the effect of making him sink his spurs
into the pony, but at the third crack of the gun and
just as Deputy Bill was taking careful aim for a
shot that would be likely to save the cost of prosecu-
tion the rider dropped his gun back into the scab-
bard, and leaped to the ground.
" Well, you've got me,'' he called as he came up.
The Day for " Deliveries " 113
** Hello, Joe, what you been buyin'? Prickly
pears I reckon,** was the greeting from the hack as
he came nearer — the latter half of the remark due
to a trickle of blood on the man's ear where the last
bullet had sung its warning song a trifle too close.
** Must a struck a stone and glanced a little,*'
commented Bill Jess as he looked at it. ** I aim to
make *em miss just about three inches. They sing
nicer when they don't really hit. That either
glanced off of a stone or else it's mighty sorry shoot-
ing. Dad-slap it, that sorter makes me ashamed of
myself. Oh, well, get in an' make yourself com-
fortable. I want to get along. ' '
The boy who had been ^^ born with a gun in his
hand " as we say, and could pick cherries with a rifle
was humiliated by anything that resembled bad
marksmanship. Still, it was good enough under the
circumstances, and was justified by the result.
That was a busy day. His favorite hour for work-
ing (day-break) was over, now, but matters were
going too well to knock off on that account. There
were at least three more of this gang, and he would
get as many as he could.
He got them all in fact, and one extra — a bad man
who happened to be visiting his brother at a bad
time. The houses being a good way apart, and the
work being done rapidly and with such system and
neatness, the alarm had no time to spread. Deputy
Bill knew the exact location of each house and of
course used more caution in making the approaches
114 Captain Bill McDonald
as the day advanced. He stalked his game like the
true hunter that he was, creeping up unnoticed un-
til he had it covered, keeping the hack well out of
view, though by this time the driver had lost all
concern, except that of eagerness to see the fun, and
was disappointed as were the captured fruit-tree
buyers when kept out of view.
The hack went into Kingfisher next morning with
every seat full and the driver sitting on the knees
of two prisoners. The Sand Creek gang — one of the
toughest gangs in the Territory — in the space of a
single day and by a single man had been retired from
active business.
From Kingfisher, their captor wired U. S. Marshal
Walker at Topeka that he had his men and would
proceed with them to Wichita, Kansas, as soon as
he had rested a little. Within a few days the men
were being distributed to the various points where
they were wanted for an assortment of crimes.
When McDonald and his driver returned to Guthrie,
the men he had invited to assist had a downcast
look. They had heard the news of the Sand Creek
gang. They had heard also from Mr. Walker. Their
excuses were many and various, and to a man they
offered to join the next expedition.
** No,'* said Bill Jess, drily, ** you fellows are a
little too slow. My deliveries in this section are all
made. * '
XV
Cleaning up the Strip
deputy bill gets *' stood off,'' but makes good.
bill cook and ** skeeter.*' ** a hell of
a court to plead guilty in ''
The Cherokee Strip campaign was not allowed
to languish. An outlaw community about twenty-
five miles north of Kingfisher, and seven miles west
of Hennessey, on Turkey Creek, was raided next.
In the course of his tree selling, McDonald had fallen
in with a man who was peddling stolen beef. He
had learned that this man was operating for the
Turkey Creek gang, and that the beef he was selling
was really the property of the Cherokee Strip Live-
stock Association, which, it may be mentioned, at
that time had a lease on the Cherokee grazing lands
for which they paid an annual rental of one hundred
thousand dollars.
McDonald now went over to Kingfisher and estab-
lished headquarters; took the beef peddler to
Wichita, Kansas, put him in jail, and got on friendly
terms with him. Then he gave his prisoner some
good fatherly advice about bad company and the
usual rewards of becoming the tool of lawless men.
The result was a general confession and turning
116 Captain Bill McDonald
of State's evidence. The peddler of beef lodged in-
formation as to the identity of his employers; the
exact nature of their business; the hiding place
of their stolen cattle, and the locality of a deep
water-hole where they had sunk the hides in order
to get rid of the brands and earmarks. McDonald
returned to Kingfisher, next morning, swore out
warrants for the men named, and with a deputy
marshal, who declared himself willing to go, set out
for Turkey Creek. They went in a hack as usual
and arrived before daylight at the house of one
Charlie Tex, where they thought it likely they might
find most of the men wanted. When they entered,
however, they found only a man in bed, who declared
he had just arrived in that country; that there was
nobody at home, and that he knew nothing of the
owner's whereabouts. They took him along, how-
ever, and proceeded to another house not far away,
but found it also empty. The officers now concluded
that the men had in some manner got wind of their
coming and were hiding in the bottoms. They fol-
lowed a way down the creek, breaking through to the
prairie again, not far from the Tex house. As they
did so they noticed the man with them apparently
trying to signal in that direction. Then they became
aware that several men with Winchesters were
walking leisurely along the top of the grassy hill,
either unaware of the presence of the officers, or in-
different to it.
McDonald and his associate, satisfied that these
Cleaning up the Strip 117
were the men wanted, set out up the hill, briskly.
Their companion discouraged this movement, insist-
ing that they would all certainly be killed if they
molested that crowd. They continued to advance,
however, and presently the men with the Winches-
ters, without appearing to have noticed the deputies,
dropped leisurely back behind the hill-top. Mc-
Donald now started running, straight up the hill,
while his brother deputy set out in a sort of diagonal
flank movement around it. In a moment or two he
had apparently reached a place where he could see
the retreating men, for he called out :
** Hey, Mack, they're right over the hill. They'll
get you sure.''
McDonald was too interested to stop, now. He
raced to the top of the rise, his gun presented, ready
for shooting, expecting to see the flash of guns as
he broke the sky-line. Instead, he saw the men run-
ning for Tex's dug-out, and noticed that still another
fellow was already there, pacing about, like a picket,
with a gun.
McDonald did not take time to guess at their
plans, but kept straight after them, supposing his
companion-in-law was following. The men did not
pause when they reached the house, but made for a
half-built log stable, which formed a sort of pen, and
leaping into it put their guns through the spaces
between the logs and yelled at McDonald to stop,
swearing they would kill him if he came any further.
A brave man is not necessarily a rash man, and
118 Captain Bill McDonald
to establish bravery it is not necessary to throw one-
self in front of a moving train or to charge alone a
half-finished log stable full of outlaws who poke
their Winchesters through the cracks at you and
call you names. McDonald discovered now that his
partner was not with him, or anywhere in the neigh-
borhood, and he concluded to stop and negotiate.
One might get an outlaw or two through the cracks,
but on the whole it didn't seem the part of wisdom
to play the game in that way.
He checked his speed when he was about sixty
yards from the fort, though he continued to advance
in a leisurely walk, talking persuasively meantime.
'* Now you fellers better have some sense,'' he
said. ^' You're going up against the United States
law, and even if you killed me it wouldn 't make any
difference. I've got a posse coming that would be
right down on you anyhow. Besides you'd have the
United States army after you, and they'd take you
and hang you for murder. I only want two out of
your bunch anyway, this time; that's all I got war-
rants for, and maybe none of you are the right ones.
You'd better come out and let me look you over."
The men swore they would do nothing of the sort,
and if he came a step further they would kill him.
McDonald slackened his pace a bit — some nervous
man's gun might go oif by accident. He could talk
very well from where he was.
** Oh, pshaw! " he said. ** You fellers wouldn't
kill a kitten. Six of you men behind breastworks
Cleaning up the Strip 119
to get away from one. Come out where I can look
at you. What kind of men are you, anyway? *'
** Whereas your partner? '* called the outlaws.
** You see him, way up yonder, don't you? " Bill
Jess said quaintly — ** on that hill. I haven't got a
rope on him; I couldn't bring him along unless he'd
come. You-all are actin' mighty sorry the way
you're doin'. Come out of there now, and quit this
foolishness."
The outlaws repeated their refusal and their
warning that if he came another step they would
shoot him dead. McDonald took out his watch.
** "Well, boys," he said, ** if you want to make
a fight you might as well get at it. It's time for
my men to be here. Your partner I got yesterday
said you'd likely try to start something, so I come
fixed for such fellows as you. Come, let's see what
you can do. ' '
McDonald waved his hand as if signaling to his
companion half a mile in the rear and made a start
toward the log fort. Before he had taken two steps,
out of it piled the six outlaws and broke ** lickety
brindle " for the creek bottom, like a bunch of
frightened steers. McDonald ran after them and
saw them leap on their horses that they had tethered
in the bushes and go tearing down the creek, without
stopping to look behind. Evidently they did not
doubt for a moment that the deputy had a posse,
waiting nearby, for they would not be likely to be-
lieve that he had dared to face them alone unless
120 Captain Bill McDonald
assistance was close at hand. Deputy Bill, on his
part was not sorry to see them go, for they had him
at a serious disadvantage, and his only backing had
weakened.
His companion was at the hack when he returned.
The one man they had taken in charge had disap-
peared. Bill Jess made a few choice remarks and
they set out for Kingfisher by way of Hennessey.
The following night as McDonald came out of a
drug-store in Kingfisher, several shots were fired at
him from the darkness. He pulled his six-shooter
immediately and emptied it at the flash of the guns,
running toward them as he did so. He heard re-
treating footsteps, but did not follow, as he dis-
covered that he had left his cartridge belt in the
hotel.
He was satisfied that the attack had been made
by some of the Turkey Creek gang of the day before,
trying to get rid of him, and resolved to delay no
further in putting them out of business. He enlisted
a man whom he knew, one Charley Meyers, and two
other young men anxious for adventure, and next
morning struck the trail which led, as they expected,
in the direction of Turkey Creek. They followed
it rapidly and toward evening came upon their
game. There was no parleying this time. McDonald
headed his force and they charged with a rush.
Three of the men threw down their arms and sur-
rendered— the others fired some scattering shots as
they ran, and they must have kept on running, for
Cleaning up the Strip 121
they troubled that country no more. The Turkey
and Sand Creek gangs no longer existed.*
It was while McDonald was at Kingfisher that he
came in contact with Bill Cook and one *^ Skeeter,**
both of whom were later to become notorious in
matters connected with the looting of banks and
trains. The deputy was making some purchases in
a store one evening when Cook attempted to ride his
horse in the front door. McDonald grabbed the
animal's bridle and set him back on his haunches,
and before Cook could draw his gun — had him
covered and under arrest. Immediately Cook's
^* side-partner,'' Skeeter, came up swearing ven-
geance, and was also suddenly disarmed and landed
in jail. The incident closed there, but a sort of
sequel was to come along a good many years later,
as we shall see presently.
Meanwhile the work of ** delivery " by the erst-
while tree-man was not delayed. Following the
backward track he gathered up one undesirable citi-
zen after another, until by the end of the season he
had established official relations with no less than
* Somewhat later when McDonald's work, as Ranger Captain, was
confined to Texas, another gang did rendezvous in this section — the
gang headed by the Dalton boys (formerly deputy marshals) ; and for
a period terrorized the surrounding country. Their crimes were daring
and bloody and their end was sudden and violent. They were shot,
one after another by a brave and accurate liveryman as they came out
of a bank they had been looting, in daylight, in Coffeyville, Kansas.
According to Bill Dalton two of the Daltons were United States deputy
marshals and lived near Hennessey at the time McDonald was selling
trees in that section.
122 Captain Bill McDonald
fifty of his former customers, and the rest had con-
cluded not to wait. The story of the work of tliat
year alone would fill a volume if fully told, but the
telling is not necessary. Having planned a campaign
along special lines it is only needful to give one or
two examples of Bill McDonald ^s work to see what
the rest would be in that particular field. Each
field of labor was different and called for different
treatment — requiring as much genius to conceive
the method as bravery and presence of mind to carry
it out. We have now seen what he accomplished in
reclaiming a land so lost that it was called No-man's
Land, and in cleaning up a strip of country infested
by desperadoes supposed to be invincible. We have
seen that he could do these things with thoroughness
and despatch and with little bloodshed. The old
manner of going in with a big posse and engaging in
a general fight in which men were killed on both
sides and nothing of value accomplished he had ren-
dered obsolete. Men politically and personally op-
posed to Bill McDonald have referred to him in print
and in spoken word as bloodthirsty, and a des-
perado. Certainly the reader who has followed
these chapters thus far will find it hard to agree
with such opinions. That he was fearless almost to
the point of rashness we may believe, but that he
ever wantonly shed blood, or, with all his oppor-
tunities, deliberately took human life will be harder
to demonstrate.
** I never was a killer/' he said once. ** Some
Cleaning up the Strip 123
fellows seem to want to kill, every chance they get,
and in a business like mine there's plenty of chances.
But I never did want to kill a man, and I never did
it when there was any other way to take care of his
case.''
It may not be out of place here to refer to the
method of disarming men which McDonald used.
The author has been asked how this sudden and
efficient action was performed. His reply is that it
is just about as hard to explain as those sleight-of-
hand tricks which depend on deftness and exactness
of motion — the result of a natural ability combined
with long practice. Bill McDonald was born ** as
quick as a cat," and disarming became his special
sleight-of-hand trick. He could locate a man's
weapon and could daze and disarm him with a sud-
den movement that even he himself could not convey
in words, and it was this performance that saved
the lives of many men, good and bad, and often-
times his own.
It was some six years after the Kingfisher in-
cident that McDonald was to renew relations with
the * * Cook-Skeeter ' ' outfit. He had become Ranger
Captain meantime and was engaged in some work
in North Texas when he heard of a suspicious gang,
heavily armed, camped in a vacant house in the
neighborhood of Bellevue, in Clay County. Unable
to go himself, he sent his sergeant, J. L. Sullivan,
his nephew, W. J. McCauley and another ranger
named Bob McClure, to investigate. Before the
124 Captain Bill McDonald
Rangers reached the house a picket discovered them
and set out to give warning to his associates. The
Eangers overtook and captured him, but by this
time they had been discovered by the occupants of
the shanty who began firing through the cracks in
the walls.
The Rangers promptly returned the fire and
charged, shooting as they came on. The fire became
very hot, but McCauley, who had many of the char-
acteristics of his ** Uncle Bill,'' kicked in the door,
though the bullets were coming through it from the
other side. The outlaws now took refuge in the loft
and began shooting down through the floor, the
Rangers shooting straight up from below. The
Rangers would seem to have had the best luck in
this blind warfare for one of the men above was
wounded; another had his gun shot from his hand,
and a third had his hat shot through. One of them
came to the opening, presently, and offered his six-
shooter as a sign of surrender. Four were captured,
including the aforenamed ^ ^ Skeeter, ' ' but Bill Cook,
though a member of the gang, was absent at the time,
and escaped. The captured men were taken to
Wichita Falls and one of them, a young fellow
named Turner, turned State 's evidence, through Mc-
Donald's persuasive probing, and detailed their plan
for robbing the Fort Worth and Denver, next day,
giving a list of their crimes. Skeeter and the others
were taken to the United States courts at Fort Smith
for trial, and pleaded guilty. Skeeter was given
Cleaning up the Strip 125
thirty years and upon hearing the verdict made his
now famous remark :
* * Well, this is a hell of a court for a man to plead
guilty in.''
XVI
Texas Eangee Service and its Origin
the massacre of fort parker.
CAPTURE.
THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR
REQUIREMENTS
The early history of Texas was written in blood
and fire. Her counties preserve the names of her
martyrs. Parker, Coleman, Crockett, Fannin,
Travis, Bowie and a hundred others have the map
for their monument; their names are given daily
utterance by those for whom their deeds have little
meaning.
In the beginning, after the Indian tribes — ^friendly
at first — ^became hostile, the warfare was almost
solely with the savages. For a full half century
every settler who built his campfire on the frontier
did so at the risk of his property and his scalp.
Those who established homes and settlements must
have been a daring race indeed, for raids upon
horses and herds were always imminent and mas-
sacres were as regular as the seasons.
We have already mentioned in these chapters the
name of Chief Quanah Parker (still living) for
whom the town of Quanah, Texas, was named.
Quanah Parker's mother was Cynthia Ann Parker,
Texas Banger Service and its Origin 127
a little white girl captured by the Tehaucano In-
dians, during a raid on what was known as the
Austin Colony, in 1836. A brief story of that raid
will serve as an example of a thousand others of a
similar sort. The Austin Colony settled in what
in now Grimes County,* and consisted of something
more than a score of persons, including women and
children. The Indians who dwelt in the neighbor-
hood seemed friendly enough until a small party of
unknown settlers came along and attempted to steal
their horses. Immediate trouble was the result and
the loss of Tehaucano friendship for the entire
settlement. When the reader considers what fol-
lows, I believe I shall be forgiven for hoping that
those newcomers who stirred up the first trouble
received the sort of a reward which only an Indian
would know how to confer.
As the Austin Colony consisted chiefly of the
Parker family, a rude fortification which they
erected was called Fort Parker, a name that to-day
still suggests something of shuddering horror to
those who have heard its history.
It was a fair May morning when that history was
made. The early risers noticed that a body of rest-
less Indians had collected within about four hun-
dred yards of the fort. . A white flag was hoisted by
the savages to signify their peaceable intentions,
* The scene of the Parker Massacre is located by some authorities, in
Limestone County, somewhat further north. Accounts of the event
itself also differ. The details here given are from "Texas Rangers" by
A. J. Sowell, and are said to have been supplied by eye-witnesses.
128 Captain Bill McDonald
and a warrior approached as if for conference.
Benjamin Parker, commander of the fort, went out
to meet him. He came back presently with the word
that he believed the Indians intended to fight. He
returned, however, to the hostile camp, where he
was at once set upon and literally chopped to pieces
by the savages, who then with wild yells and blood-
curdling war-whoops charged on the fort. Some of
the inmates had already left the stockade. Others
were trying to escape, John Parker and wife and a
Mrs. Kellogg were overtaken a mile away. Parker
was killed and scalped, his wife was speared and Mrs.
Kellogg was made captive. Other members of the
colony were butchered right and left, and mutilated
in the barbarous fashion which seems to give an
Indian joy. Silas Parker was brutally killed and
his two children, one of whom was the little girl,
Cynthia Ann, were carried away. A Mrs. Plummer
— daughter of Eev. James W. Parker — attempted
to escape, carrying her little son in her arms. A
huge painted savage, begrimed with dust and blood
overtook her, felled her with a hoe, and seizing her
by the hair dragged her, still clinging to her child,
back amid the butchery and torture of her friends.
She and the others who were living were beaten
with clubs and lashed with rawhide thongs. That
night such of the captives as remained alive, and
these included three children, were flung face down
in the dust, their hands bound behind their backs
while the Indians, waving bloody scalps and shriek-
Texas Ranger Service and its Origin 129
ing, danced about them and beat them with their
bows until the prisoners were strangling with their
own blood. Later, they took the infant child of Mrs.
Plummer and slowly choked it before her eyes.
When it was not quite dead they flung it again and
again into the air and let it fall on the stones and
earth. Then they tied a rope around its neck and
threw its naked body into the hedges of prickly
pear, from which they would jerk it fiercely with
demoniacal yells. Finally they fastened the rope at-
tached to its neck to the pommel of a saddle and rode
round and round in a circle until the body of the
child was literally in shreds. The poor fragments
were then thrown into the mother *s lap. For some
reason, the little girl, Cynthia Ann Parker, received
better treatment, and lived. She grew up an Indian,
forgot her own race and tongue, married a chief and
became the mother of another chief, Quanah, sur-
named Parker, to-day a friend of the white race.
It was the massacre of Fort Parker and events
of a similar nature that resulted in the organization
of the Texas Rangers. The Rangers were at first a
semi-official body, locally enlisted and commanded,
with regulations and duties not very clearly defined.
Their purpose, however, was not in doubt. It was
to defend life and property, and their chief quali-
fications were to be able to ride and shoot and stand
up against the warfare of bloodthirsty savages.
* * Exterminate the Indians ' ' became a watchword
in those days, and the warfare that ensued and con-
130 Captain Bill McDonald
tinued for forty years, can be compared with nothing
in history unless it be with the fierce feuds of the
ancient Scottish clans.
Early in 1836 Texas fought for and gained her
independence, the only State in the Union to achieve
such a triumph. On the following year the Texas
congress recognized the Eanger movement and au-
thorized several persons to raise Eanger companies
to scour the country and annihilate marauding
bands. Indians and low class Mexicans ('^ greas-
ers '') often consorted, and the work, desperate
and bloody, continued along the ever widening and
westering frontier up to within a period easily re-
membered to-day by men not beyond middle age.
Many names of those early Eangers have been
preserved in Texas annals and in local song and
traditions, and it would take many volumes to re-
count their deeds. Jack Hays, James and Eesin
Bowie, '' Big-foot '' Wallace, Kit Ackland, Tom
Green * ^ Mustang ' ' Grey, of whom the song says :
" At the age of sixteen
He joined that jolly band
And marched from San Antonio
Out to the Rio Grand,"
these and a hundred others are names that thrilled
the Texan of that elder day and they are still re-
peated and linked with tales of wild warfare and
endurance that are hardly surpassed in the world's
history of battle. A. J. Sowell, himself a Eanger
in the early seventies, when Indian outbreaks were
Texas Ranger Service and its Origin 131
still frequent and disastrous, speaking of the Ranger
equipment says :
* * We had to furnish our own horses, clothing and
six-shooters. The State furnished us carbines,
cartridges, provisions, etc., and we got fifty dollars
a month. '^*
It will be seen from the foregoing how different
the Ranger service and regulations were from those
of either the federal or state troops. Unlike the
army they wore no uniform, and they provided, for
the most part, their own equipment. They differed
from State and county officials in that they were
confined to no county or portion of the State, but
could ** range '* wherever their service was needed
and with little or no direction from headquarters
until their mission was accomplished. It will be
clearly seen that men constituting such a band must
be not only brave, and quick and accurate with fire-
arms, but must be men of good character and high,
firm principle as well. It is the moral qualification
more than any other that has given the Ranger
organization its efficiency and power. A force, how-
ever small, composed of men who can shoot straight
and are brave, and who believe in the right, is well-
nigh invincible. The Rangers, originally organized
for a great and sacred purpose, the defense of
homes, went forth like knights inspired by lofty
motives and high resolves, and during whatever
change that has come in the aspect of their duties
* "Texas Rangers," by A. J. Sowell, of Seguin, Tex., 1884.
132 Captain BUI McDonald
the tradition of honor seems to have been preserved.
Indeed they have been from the beginning not un-
like the knights of old who rode forth without fear
and without reproach to destroy evil and to redress
wrong.
Speaking further of Eanger equipment Sowell
says :
' ^ In the first place he wants a good horse ; strong
saddle, double-girted; a good carbine (this was be-
fore the day of Winchesters) ; pistol and plenty of
ammunition. He generally wears rough clothing,
either of buckskin or strong durable cloth and a
broad-brimmed hat of the Mexican style ; thick over-
shirt, top boots * and spurs, and a jacket or short
coat so that he can use himself with ease in the
saddle."
And the author adds:
*' A genuine Texas Eanger will endure cold,
hunger and fatigue, almost without a murmur, and
will stand by a friend and comrade in the hour of
danger and divide anything he has got from a
blanket to his last crumb of tobacco. ' '
So much for the Eanger and his origin. As the
years went by and the Indian was conquered or
driven away, the Eanger 's work changed, but his
personality remained the same. The Eanger of
* The Ranger's boots like those of the cowboy are made with high heels
to prevent his foot from slipping through the stirrup Both the Ranger
and the cowboy ride with the stirrup in the middle of the foot, it being
safer and also less fatiguing on a long ride, sometimes a distance of a
hundred miles between daylight and dark.
Texas Ranger Service and its Origin 133
seventy years ago is the Ranger of to-day — only,
his duties have altered. Long before the conquest
of the savages a new element of disorder had en-
tered the field. The desperado who had stirred up
the first Indian troubles had survived and increased,
to plunder his own race. The new and sparsely
settled land invited every element of lawlessness and
every refugee of crime. Local authorities would
not or could not contend with them. It was for the
Rangers, now much reduced in numbers, to solve the
problem of destroying the disturber in their midst
as they had driven the savage enemy from their
frontiers. They were made peace officers, and be-
came a mounted constabulary, their duties being to
quell disorders, to prevent crime and to bring crimi-
nals to justice. It was new work — less romantic
than the wild Indian warfare of the frontier; work
full of new dangers and what was still worse it was
work which instead of inviting the encouragement
and enthusiasm of a community, was of a sort to
incur its displeasure, for the desperadoes of a neigh-
borhood were either the heroes or the terrors of it,
and in either case to molest them was likely to prove
unpopular. So it was, during this new order of
things, that the Ranger service had to contend not
only with the offenders but sometimes with the very
people whom they were hoping to protect. This
made the work hard and discouraging, as work al-
ways is hard and discouraging when it is done amid
enemies who wear the guise of friends. How well
134 Captain Bill McDonald
they have succeeded is told in the official reports.
W. H. Mabry, Adjutant General of Texas in 1896,
says in his report for that year, referring to the
Rangers :
* * This branch of the service has been very active
and has done incalculable good in policing the
sparsely settled sections of the State where the local
officers, from the very nature of the conditions, could
not afford adequate protection. Including the mean-
derings of the Rio Grande we have about 3,000 miles
of frontier line. Part of this borders on a foreign
country, with different customs, law and language.
Only a river fordable at most any point intervenes.
But for the Ranger force, specially equipped for
continued rapid movements, this border line would
be the rendezvous for criminals of nearly every
description and class.''
General Mabry then sets down the fact that the
Ranger service has increased the State revenues by
something like four hundred thousand dollars for
the year through the protection of leased frontier
State lands which otherwise could not be inhabited
and would yield no return in either rental or taxes.
In concluding he adds : * * It is true that the frontier
force does not and could not cover all this territory,
but the fact that they exist and are scouting over
every foot they can travel prevents organized bands
from being established along this border line. . . .
They are circumscribed by no county limits; can
easily and rapidly move from one section to another
Texas Ranger Service and its Origin 135
and criminals do not care to invite their pursuit.
Specially equipped for continued rapid motion,
they take up the trail and follow it with a persistency
of the sleuth hound, until the criminal is either run
out of the country, captured or killed.
*^ In every train robbery which has occurred in
Texas, the robbers have been either captured or
killed, whenever it was possible to carry the Kangers
to the scene, so they could take the trail. The broad
expanse of sparsely settled territory in this State
would offer easy opportunity for such crimes, if it
were not for the protection given by our mobile and
active Eanger force."
XVII
** Captain of Company B, Eanger Force "
CAPTURE of dan AND BOB CAMPBELL. RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR A RANGER CAPTAIN. GOVERNOR '^ JIM ''
HOGG APPOINTS HIS OLD FRIEND ON
THE STRENGTH OF THEM
It will be seen from the foregoing, and from the
chapters already published of these memoirs, that
a man like Bill McDonald would be well qualified
for Eanger service. Already he had been appointed
a special Eanger in Company B., commanded by
Captain S. A. McMurray, but his duties as U. S.
Deputy Marshal, in No-man's Land and in the
Cherokee Strip, had been his chief work. Neverthe-
less, he had, on occasion, engaged in bandit-hunting
in his own State, during this period, either alone or
in company with other officials, usually with good
results. An instance of this kind was the capture of
Dan and Bob Campbell which occurred about the
time of his concluding the Cherokee Strip campaign.
With his wife, McDonald was on the way from
Quanah to Fort Worth, when, at a switch now known
as Iowa Park, they met a special, standing on a side-
track, waiting for them to pass. It was the sort of
train that is made up for an urgent purpose, con-
sisting only of an engine and a single car, and Mc-
'' Captain of Company B, Ranger Force " 137
Donald recognized upon it the sheriff of Wichita
Falls, also the marshal and others of a posse, evi-
dently out for action. Upon inquiry, he learned that
the Campbell boys, two well-known desperadoes of
that time, were believed to be somewhere in the
neighborhood, preparing to waylay a train. A
good reward had been offered for the Campbells and
the sheriff and his men were considerably moved.
McDonald asked if they would like his assistance,
and being assured that they would, sent word back
to his wife by the conductor of the down train that
he was going to catch some bad men, and boarding
the special already impatient to start, took the back
track toward Burke, a small station where the out-
laws had been seen. Wlien they reached there, it
was McDonald's wish to procure horses and begin
the search at that point, but the sheriff and his posse
thought better to proceed to Harrold, some twenty
miles further along, in which direction it was sup-
posed the bandits had traveled.
Leaving word at Burke that they were to be noti-
fied in case of any fresh discoveries, the ofi&cers
again boarded the special, and upon arriving at Har-
rold found a telegram that the outlaws had been seen
entering a thicket not far from Burke. Horses, and
a freight car in which to load them, were immediately
secured, and the train was backed to Burke. Here
the officials separated, the sheriff directing Mc-
Donald and the guide who had located the burglars,
with a man selected from the posse, to go in one
138 Captain Bill McDonald
direction, while the sheriff with the remainder of the
posse, took another course; the general plan being
to round in on the thicket where the outlaws were
supposed to be concealed. Arriving near the place.
Deputy McDonald and the two men with him dis-
covered two horses hitched in the brush — un-
doubtedly the mounts of the two Campbells. It was
certain now that the quarry was near by, and the
three men waited a little for the sheriff and his party
to come up. It became evident, however, that their
tactics were of a different sort. The posse was scat-
tering out as if they were deer-hunting, taking
stands at various distant and semi-distant points,
evidently expecting McDonald and his companions to
go in and start up the game. McDonald noticed now
that his guide was not armed, and was therefore of
no further service. Turning to his other com-
panion, he said:
*' I don't like this kind of performance. I'm in
favor of charging straight in on them.''
His companion seemed to agree to this plan, and
without further word Deputy Bill put spurs to his
horse, charged straight into the thicket, and sud-
denly found himself almost on top of Dan and Bob
Campbell. Without a breath of hesitation, he leaped
to the ground, leveled at the former, who was al-
ready in the act of shooting, and commanded him to
drop his gun. The order was obeyed; but Bob
Campbell, who would seem to have been asleep,
reached for his six-shooter, and though commanded
THE CAl'TURH OF DAN AND HOli CAMPBELL.
He charged straight into the thicket, and suddenly found himself almost on top of them.
" Captain of Company B, Ranger .Force " 139
not to touch it upon penalty of death, paid small at-
tention to that order. He did not attempt to fire
the weapon, but lay there on the ground with it
raised, defying his would-be captor with language
that was both violent and uncomplimentary. Mc-
Donald now suddenly realized that he was alone;
that his companion had failed to join in the charge.
Bob Campbell realized this too, and became mo-
mentarily more defiant. Then, all at once, help ar-
rived. A dentist who had joined the sheriff ^s posse,
had observed Deputy McDonald's single-handed
charge, and now came bravely to his assistance. The
Campbells both surrendered, then, for the posse was
not far behind. They were taken to Wichita Falls,
where the sheriff promptly claimed credit for the
capture — also, the reward. Later, the Campbells
broke jail, but were eventually recaptured, and
served a long sentence.
Events of this sort kept Bill McDonald's name
fresh in the Texas mind, and made him seem pecu-.
liarly eligible for regular service. The resignation
of Captain S. A. McMurray, who had long and
bravely commanded Company B became his op-
portunity, and he hurried to Austin to try for that
command.
His old friend, James Hogg, was now governor of
the State. Since the settlement of their differences
so long before, there had been no discord of any
kind, and each had admired the other 's career, proud
to remember the friendship. Arriving at the capital,
140 Captain Bill McDonald .
McDonald was shown into the governor's room.
Greeting him, he said :
* * Well, I hardly know what to call you, since you
got to be governor. I don't know whether to call
you * Jim ' or * Mister.' I'll have to call you
* Governor, ' I guess, as I want to get a place. ' '
They shook hands cordially. Governor Hogg said :
'' What is it. Bill? What can I do for you! "
<< Why," said McDonald, '' I came down to get
to be Eanger Captain — to take McMurray's place
in Company B."
Hogg looked at him reprovingly.
<< Why didn't you let me know sooner? " he said.
a There are two other applications for the place;
both from good men, with long petitions and fine
endorsements. ' '
The applicant for position forgot his old friend's
title.
<■' Why, Jim," he said, *' I never thought of it
until a day or two ago. I didn't have time to get
endorsements, but I can get 'em, if you want them.
I have been working mostly in No-man's Land and
the Territory lately, but have done work in Texas
too, and I can get about any kind of endorsement
you want."
Hogg laughed. He had a robust sense of humor.
** By gatlins! " he said, using his favorite ex-
pression. *^ That's all right, Bill, you have already
got the best endorsement I ever saw. ' '
McDonald looked puzzled.
" Captain of Company By Ranger Force '' 141
^* I don't understand,'* he said, ** I didn't know
anybody knew I wanted a place. ' '
^* All the same, you have got the endorsements,"
insisted Hogg.
He turned to his desk, and got out a bundle of
letters.
*^ Look over these," he said. ** You probably
know some of the writers."
McDonald took the letters, and read them one
after another. They were from well-known crimi-
nals, their lawyers, their friends and their associates.
They had been received by Hogg while he was at-
torney-general, and each was a protest and a
complaint against McDonald, declaring him to be
a ruthless and tyrannical official, whose chief recrea-
tion was hounding good citizens for the sake of
revenge or glory, enforcing laws that were not on
the statute books, adding that it was not unusual for
him to put the said citizen in jail, or in box-cars,
declaring further that he sometimes hitched them
to posts with chains, and that he was a menace to
legitimate settlement and society in general.
McDonald looked over some of these documents,
and grinned.
** That's so, Jim," he said, ** I do put 'em in
box-cars when there ain't a jail; the way I used to
do back in Mineola — you recollect, when the jail was
full — and I lariat 'em out with a chain and a post
when there ain't a box-car handy; but I don't reckon
they're innocent."
142 Captain Bill McDonald
Hogg nodded.
'' By gatlins! Those endorsements are good
enough for me,'' he said. ^* They carry the flavor
of conviction, I appoint yon Eanger Captain on the
strength of them.''
McDonald returned to Quanah with his appoint-
ment as captain of ^' Company B, Frontier Bat-
talion." The headquarters of the company were
then at Amarillo, in the southern part of Potter
County, near the Eandall County line. This was al-
most the exact center of the Pan-handle, and in a
locality sparsely settled, untamed, and lawless.
Since the early days of ** Banging " there had
been not much change in Eanger regulations and
equipment. The character of the work, however,
had changed and the force had been reduced in num-
bers. Company B now consisted of only eight mem-
bers all told. These were supposed to range over
all that vast section known as the Pan-handle, and
were subject to orders that might take them to any
other portion of the State where their assistance was
needed. The Eangers were peace-officers, their duty
being to assist the local officers, rather than to take
the initiative and predominate.* In the Pan-handle,
however, and in many other portions of the State,
the Eangers were obliged to lead, for the reason
that the local officers were either incapable, indif-
ferent, or incriminated, as we have already seen.
* This came into dispute somewhat later and the Twenty-seventh
Legislature passed an Act confirming what had always been their
custom.
'' Captain of Company B, Ranger Force " 143
The Ranger camp at Amarillo — besides the eight
men mentioned — consisted of tents, furnished by the
State, a wagon and mule team, a hack, and two pack-
mules. Each Eanger furnished his own horse and
arms ; the State paid for food and ammunition, also
for transportation when necessary. In Company B
were enrolled Sergeants J. M. Brittain and W. J.
Sullivan ; Privates Jolm and Tom Piatt, Jim Green,
John Bracken and John Bishop; also somewhat
later, W. J. McCauley — McDonald's nephew — a dar-
ing youth — then about eighteen years old, but a
natural plainsman, dashing and fearless; an ideal
Ranger.
Expeditions were always made with horses. When
the distance was far, the horses and pack-mules were
shipped to the nearest railway-point, sometimes by
special train; an engine and car being secured for
such excursions. This train would stop at any point
required; the horses and pack-mules were jumped
from the door of the car to the ground — sometimes
a distance of several feet — and when the point of
attack was close by, this wild little army would
sweep across the prairie or through the bushes ; the
pack-mules, loaded with cooking utensils and tin-
ware, often clattering ahead — riderless, but seeming
to know by instinct where to go — braying, with tail in
air, constituting an advance guard of reform. It
would seem that such a charge might have given the
alarm and frightened every outlaw within a radius
of several miles; but as a matter of fact, these
144 Captain Bill McDonald
charges were generally planned and undertaken with
great secrecy, and the sudden clamor of such an
approach was likely to create an amazement which
did not subside to the point of action before the time
for escape had slipped by. Speaking of it after-
wards, Captain McDonald said:
* ^ That infernal racket seemed to jar the nerve of
a criminal, for I never knew a pack-mule charge
where the men we wanted seemed to have either
spunk enough to put up a good fight or sense enough
to get away/^
xvin
An Exciting Indian Campaign
FIEST service AS RANGER CAPTAIN. BIGGEST INDIAN
SCARE ON RECORD
It was in January, 1891, that Bill McDonald re-
ceived his appointment as Ranger Captain, and his
first official service was not long delayed. He ar-
rived at Amarillo about midnight, and was received
with congratulations, for the news had traveled
ahead of him. He was tired, however, and the hour
was late, so he presently slipped away to bed. He
had hardly fallen asleep when he was rudely awak-
ened and handed a telegram which stated that the
Indians had made a raid across the border, and were
killing and robbing in Hall County, near Salisbury.
Captain McDonald read the telegram and laughed.
There had been no Indian troubles in Texas for a
number of years. AVhite renegades there were in
plenty, but Indian outbreaks had long since ceased.
** I guess the boys are trying to have some fun
with me on my first night,'' he said, and turned in
once more to sleep. But a few minutes later an-
other telegram came; and another; this time from
the superintendent of the railroad company — a Mr.
Good, whom McDonald knew as a man not given to
practical joking.
146 Captain Bill McDonald
The Ranger Captain dressed himself, hurried over
to the telegraph office and got the operator there to
talk over the wire to the operator where the scare
had originated. He learned that it seemed to be
genuine, and that everybody was leaving the neigh-
borhood. The operator at Salisbury ended his in-
formation with '^ Good-by, I'm going now myself. '^
Captain Bill still could not believe it a genuine
Indian incursion. Hall County was in the second
tier from the Territory line, and the Indians would
have had to cross Childress County to get to it. He
did not believe that they would undertake to do this,
or that they could have accomplished it without
previous alarms. Still, it was his duty to inves-
tigate. He got a special train; loaded in men,
horses and pack-mules, and set out on a hunt for
Indians. It was about a hundred miles to Salisbury,
and they reached there early in the day. Not a
soul was in sight anywhere. The inhabitants were
hidden, some in dug-outs, some in haystacks, some
in the tall grass. Here and there, as the train pulled
in, McDonald saw a head stick out from a sod house
far out on the prairie, then suddenly disappear, like
a prairie-dog dropping into his hole. He set out to
interview some of these wary settlers, and learned
that the Indian alarm had been given by a man — a
new settler just arrived in the country — who had
ridden his horse to death and lost one of his children
— ^having left him far behind somewhere — in his wild
eagerness to escape the savages who, he declared,
An Exciting Indian Campaign 147
were burning and scalping not far away. Captain
Bill found this man, and after a little talk with him
was convinced that what he had seen was nothing
more nor less than some cowboys on a round-up,
disporting themselves around their camp-fire at
night, as cowboys will— dancing and capering in the
mad manner of young plainsmen whose ideas of
amusement are elemental, and whose opportunities
for social diversions are few. The man and the
neighborhood, however, remained unconvinced, so
it was decided to visit the scene of the disturbance.
Horses, men and pack-mules unloaded themselves
from the freight car, and went racing over the
prairie ; the pack-mules, as usual, plunging and bray-
ing with tail in air, their tinware clattering in a
manner calculated to put a whole tribe of Indians
into a panic and send them capering across the
eastern horizon into their own domain. But there
were no Indians. It was as Captain Bill had
thought ; a gang of cowboys, the evening before, had
rounded up some cattle; killed a beef; carried it to
their camp near by, where they had built a great
fire and roasted it, doing a wild war-dance of celebra-
tion, and shooting off their six-shooters in their
prodigal expression of joy. Viewed from a little dis-
tance, through a sort of mirage condition which had
exaggerated the whole effect, the scene to the new-
comers was a horrifying picture of savages about
a burning home, with the inhabitants fleeing for their
lives.
148 Captain Bill McDonald
The man who had just moved in had stampeded
for his own safety and started a general alarm,
which did not subside even when the cowboys them-
selves came in and testified to the truth. The panic
spread throughout that section of the country and
other reports of Indian outbreaks were circulated,
becoming magnified until it was believed that the
Indians had broken out, and were making a general
raid on the Pan-handle. The inhabitants of one
town, south of Amarillo, threw up breastworks, got
behind them, and put out pickets in preparation for
the arrival of the Indians. Every man seen loping
across the prairie was reported as an Indian; and
all this happened as late as 1891, when there had
been no Indian outbreaks for years, and when there
was scarcely a possibility of anything of the sort.
It was a big joke, of course, afterward, but it seemed
no joke at the time, and it was Bill McDonald ^s
initiation as Captain of Company B.
XIX
A Bit of Farming and Politics
CAPTAIN BILL AND HIS GOATS. THE ** CAR-SHED "
CONVENTION
There were to be plenty of real alarms soon
enough, with plenty of desperately hard work. Be-
fore taking up this part of the story, however, it
may not be out of place to dwell briefly on certain
other labors and interests incident to this period in
Captain McDonald's career.
The ranch on Wanderer's Creek, conducted for
the most part by his plucky wife, remained one of
his possessions and in time became not unprofitable.
McDonald was one of the first to break land in that
section and when he put in a sowing of wheat it
was thought that he had gone daft. But the fol-
lowing year when the plowed land turned off a crop
of from twenty to thirty bushels to the acre, those
who had been first to scoff were likewise the earliest
to imitate.
Captain Bill now became chief promoter in a plan
for the irrigation of this fruitful soil — the water to
be obtained by damming Wanderer's Creek. Sev-
eral years later, two men of influence and substance,
Cecil Lyon and Joseph Eice, gave able support to
this project with the result that thousands of acres
150 Captain Bill McDonald
of grazing land became fertile farms — the cowman's
domain passing into the hands of tillers of the soil.
The town of Quanah reflected the steady agricul-
tural increase, and what had been an antelope range
when McDonald and his wife first drove their herds
to that region, became a bustling city — in due time
law-abiding — with a population steadily increasing
to this day.
The mention of the McDonald herds opens a way
here for recording an incident connected with the
stocking of the Wanderer's Creek range. McDonald
and his wife had decided that they would raise goats
as a sort of by-product and began business in this
line by introducing a flock of considerable size.
However, it was a mistake. The goats were a great
nuisance. They would be feeding quietly on the
range, when suddenly, without warning, they would
be seized with an impulse for violent exercise, and
would break away and go racing over the prairie
for seven or eight miles, to the brakes of the Pease
River, where it was very mountainous and hilly —
altogether in accord with a goat's idea of landscape.
All the horses on the range were in danger of being
run to death chasing goats, getting them together
and bringing them back to the range. Finally it got
to be a regular occupation, when there was nothing
else to do, to head for the Pease Eiver and chase
goats. One of the men came in one morning when
Captain Bill happened to be at home, and asked :
'' Well, Cap, what shall I do to-day! "
A Bit of Farming and Politics 151
** Oh, I don't know. Go chase goats, I reckon/'
'' All right; but if you want me to do that, you'll
have to get you some goats. I rode all my horses
down a couple o' days ago, hunting for them in the
brakes, and there ain't a goat to be found within
forty miles.
** D n the goats," said Captain Bill, ** I don't
care much for goats, anyhow."
There had been about two hundred of them, and
for several years afterward, hunters from other
States in these wilds used to bring down ' * mountain
sheep " and ** antelope," which bore strong resem-
blance to the flocks which had once been Captain
Bill's.
It was not long after McDonald's appointment as
Ranger Captain that the State political campaign
came on. He had never lost his interest in politics
since the first awakening in the old Mineola days,
when he and Jim Hogg had been ranged against
each other, ready to shed blood for their candi-
dates. Now, Hogg was governor and a candidate
for reelection, with Bill McDonald ready to show
what he could do in the way of gratitude for favors
past and present. The convention for the nomina-
tion of the State officials was to be held at Houston,
and there was a good deal of excitement, as the
opposition was likely to be strong, with nominations
closely contested. McDonald resolved to be on hand
and ready for any condition or emergency. Arriv-
ing in Houston he learned upon investigation that
152 Captain Bill McDonald
the supporters of Hogg's opponent, George Clark
of Waco, had laid a plan to pack the convention with
Clark's friends; to occupy it so fully in fact, that it
would be impossible for the regular delegates to get
seats. This would make it necessary for them to
meet elsewhere, and would cause them to be re-
garded as bolters from the regular convention.
Upon satisfying himself that this was to be the pro-
gram. Captain McDonald promptly went to his
old friend and other leaders, and proposed to take
charge of matters. As Captain of the Eangers, he
was under the Governor's orders, and with Hogg's
sanction he could use his own methods for preserv-
ing the peace and for the prevention of scrambling
and riot.
The convention was to be held in the * ^ car-shed, ' '
a very large building, which had been seated for
the purpose. It had a wide entrance to admit cars,
and it could easily have been filled and crowded by
a mob. Captain Bill's plan was to put a good
capable fence across this wide opening, leaving a
narrow passageway for a gate, which would be com-
pletely guarded. No one unable to show credentials
as a delegate would be permitted to enter until the
delegates were in and seated.
Governor Hogg approved of the idea and issued
an order accordingly. There was no delay in carry-
ing it out. Captain Bill got some men together,
worked all night, and by sunrise the wide gateway
of the car-shed had beeji narrowed down to the little
A Bit of Farming and Politics 153
wicket-gate of official admission. It was a complete
surprise to the opposition. The gang that had ar-
ranged to rush and pack the convention, regarded
the barrier and the men delegated to defend it, with
amazement and profanity. They began with epi-
thets, and these they followed with more tangible
missiles, such as umbrellas, old shoes, and hand-
bags. In another part of the State they might have
attempted the use of more effective ammunition. As
it was, they were obliged to confine themselves to
protests more spectacular than effectual. The
regular delegates filed in and were seated. Then
the crowds were permitted to enter in the usual way,
whereupon another convention was immediately
organized in the same hall, with another chairman
on the same platform, and for a time two conven-
tions were running side by side.
Captain McDonald was finally called to the plat-
form to preserve order. There was a lively scene.
The Eanger was kept busy keeping the two factions
separate, taking away their knives, a few pistols,
canes, umbrellas and such other weapons and mis-
siles as they attempted to bring into action. The
final result was that both Clark and Hogg were
nominated, at the same time, in the same convention,
and by the same political party, though the Clark
followers were styled ** Anti-Democrats '* and
bolters.
Hogg was re-elected in due time, by a good ma-
jority. The episode passed into history as the
** Car-shed '^ Convention.
XX
Taming the Pan-handle
the difference between cowboys and
how captain bill made cow-stealing
unpopular
The Texas Pan-handle is that portion of the State
which lies directly south of what was No-man's
Land, extending from parallels 100 to 103, east and
west. Its shape suggests its name, and its name
suggests limitless areas of waving grass ; vast roving
herds; cowboys and ponies — both of the unbridled
variety; bad men whose chief business was to start
graveyards, and the glad primeval lawlessness that
prevails when worlds are new.
Not so many years ago the Pan-handle was dis-
tinctly a world apart, and a new one. With No-
man's Land on the north, Indian Territory on the
east and New Mexico on the west, civilization could
come only from the south, and it did not come very
fast. Indeed there was still plenty of territory to
the southward to be subdued — two or three tiers of
counties in fact — before the Pan-handle would be
reached. So, it was a place apart — an isolated
fertile land, justifying the assertion of a tramp that
he had lost a hundred thousand dollars there in one
year by not having cattle to eat up the grass.
The cattle came in due time, fighting back the
Taming the Pan-handle 155
Apache and the Comanche, protected by Rangers
from Ft. Griffin, accompanied by stockmen of every
nation, cowboys of every grade and criminals of
every breed. That was a wild epoch — chaotic and
picturesque — a time of individual administration
and untempered justice.
It was also a time of mighty domain. Ranches
there were as big as some kingdoms. One, the X.
I. T., covered a good portion of the northern part of
the Pan-handle. Another, the Matador, spread it-
self into five counties. When settlement became
thicker — when there were ranch-houses not more
than twenty-five to thirty miles apart — official allot-
ment of the lands was made. Then there was a
grand gobble. The big stockmen fenced everything
with little regard for boundaries and less for the
law.
With such examples as these in high places, it is
not strange that a general indifference for legal
rights and possessions prevailed. Next to cattle rais-
ing, cattle-stealing was the chief industry. The cow-
boy proper was not concerned in such work. He was
likely to be a clean-handed, straightforward, even
if reckless, individual, honest according to his lights.
True, loyalty to his employer might render him a
trifle indifferent as to brands and marks when
strays mixed with the herd, but it was the employer
and not the cowboy who profited by such laxity.
The cowboy was a retainer who would fight for his
ranch, would die for it when circumstances seemed
156 Captain Bill McDonald
to require such a sacrifice, and the increase of the
ranch herd by any means short of actual raid and
theft was a custom which bore no relation to dis-
repute. But individually the cowboy was likely to
be the soul of honor and good-nature, troublesome
only on holidays when he was moved to ride into the
nearest settlement, drink up all the whisky he could
buy, and then, with six-shooter drawn, go careering
up and down the streets, shooting in random direc-
tions, explaining meantime with noisy and repeti-
tious adjectives, that he was a bad man — a very bad
man from very far up the Creek.
On such inspired occasions he would sometimes
exclaim :
' ^ Hide out little ones ! Dad 's come home drunk ! ' '
after which he would let go a round of ammunition
and the inhabitants of that neighborhood, regard-
less of size, would proceed to hide out, as ad-
monished. Sometimes a whole group of cowboys
would engage in this pastime, whereupon the rest
of the town disappeared and sat in cellars or flat-
tened themselves under beds until the cyclone passed
by. _
It was in such manner that the cowboy found
relaxations and social joy. He was not a bad man,
in spite of his declaration. He was not really hunt-
ing for trouble and would be the last to kill, without
offense.*
* " The Kansas City Journal " recently printed the following cowboy
song, with comments, offering it as a side-light on cowboy life and char-
acter. The Journal said :
"The night guards of cattle or horse herds were wont to sing to their
Taming the Pan-handle 157
The truly bad man was of entirely different make-
up. Always posing, and sometimes accepted, as a
charges as they slowly rode round and round them, keeping watch. If
the cattle stampeded, and were then brought together again and began
moving in a circle, which the punchers called 'milling,' and on all occa-
sions of fear or uneasiness among the stock, the boys sang to them, and
it had a quieting effect. These night riders were perfect horsemen and
seasoned to the trail and range. Their hours were endless; the calls
upon them for endurance were almost beyond human strength. Picture
a night on a lonely prairie, wild, disconcerting, hoarse elements, a
stampede among half-wild cattle, and it is not hard to know the task
that the cowboy confronted. It is something fine to think that in such
hours of danger the cattle could be * crooned ' back to normal quiet.
Out of such occasions were the cowboy songs born." Then follow the
words of
The Dim and Narrow Wat.
" Last night as I lay on the prairie.
Looking up at the stars in the sky,
I wondered if ever a cowboy
Would go to that sweet by and by;
I wondered if ever a cowboy
Would go to that sweet by and by.
The trail to that fair mystic region
Is narrow and dim so they say.
While the broad road that leads to perdition
Is posted and blazed all the way;
While the broad road that leads to perdition
Is posted and blazed all the way.
They say there will be a grand round-up,
Where cowboys like cattle must stand.
To be cut out by riders of judgment,
Who are posted and know every brand;
To be cut out by riders of judgment.
Who are posted and know every brand.
Perhaps there will be a stray cowboy,
Unbranded by anyone nigh,
Who'll be cut out by riders of judgment
And shipped to the sweet by and by;
Who'll be cut out by riders of judgment
And shipped to the sweet by and by."
158 Captain Bill McDonald .
man of valor, lie was in nearly every case merely
a boaster and a coward. He would kill when he got
the drop on his man, and he built his reputation upon
such murders. He passed as a cowboy, when he was
merely a cow-thief; as a hero, when he was only an
assassin. Driven into a corner he would fight, but
his favorite method was to slay from ambush. It
was seldom that his reckless disregard for human
life included his own.
The Pan-handle was full of bad men in the early
nineties. Most of them had graduated from other
schools of crime and found here a last resort. Some
of them — a good many of them — ^had obtained official
positions and were outlaws and deputies by turns,
or worked conjunctively as both. As a rule they
were in one way and another associated with a gang.
Local authorities, even when conscientious, were
poorly equipped to cope with such an element, and
it was for Company B, Eanger Force, consisting of
eight men with quarters at Amarillo, Captain W.
J. McDonald commanding, to police this vast wilder-
ness, and to capture and convert, or otherwise tame,
its undesirable citizens.
Some of them would not wait to be captured ; some,
of course, could not be tamed alive. Others, and
these were not a few, would be able to wield official
influence through which they would escape convic-
tion, regardless of the evidence.
Soon after McDonald's appointment he was noti-
fied of a marauding band that across in Hutchinson
Taming the Pan-handle 159
County were committing the usual crimes. They had
burned the hay belonging to a ranchman on Turkey
Creek — several hundred tons in quantity — they had
cut his wire fences; they had killed cows for their
calves, butchered beef cattle, cut out brands — in a
word they had conducted the business of cattle-
stealing and general depredation on a large scale.
Taking a portion of his force, Captain McDonald
went over to investigate. There seemed to be a good
deal of mystery concerning the identity of the of-
fenders; but a mystery of that sort does not stand
a very good chance when it is operated upon by a
man with eyes like those of Captain Bill and with a
nose and pair of ears of his peculiar pattern. In a
short time he had identified one member of the band
in a young man prominently connected in that sec-
tion. This young fellow — a dupe, no doubt, of pro-
fessional cow-thieves, whose glittering reputation as
bad men had dazzled him — was the son of an able
and reputable lawyer, a member of the State legis-
lature. The son, supposed to be a cowboy, had be-
come in reality an outlaw.
Captain McDonald took him in charge one day,
questioned him and secured sufficient evidence to file
a complaint. The prisoner was turned over to the
sheriff of Hutchinson County, and Captain Bill
pursued his investigation. He located a bunch of
stolen calves, herded in the brakes of the Canadian
River, guarded by another member of the gang. He
brought a man who had lost a number of milk cows
160 Captain Bill McDonald
and calves to identify the calves; no very difficult
matter, for the man declared that he knew them as
well as he knew his own children. The cows had
been killed for their calves — and the latter had been
*' hobbled and necked/' After locating the calves,
Captain McDonald investigated the canyons and
after several days found the cows that had been
shot and killed. One after another the missing
bunches of cattle were located, and the members of
the band were brought in, and lodged in jail. The
case against them was clear. They were found with
the stolen property; some of them did not even
attempt to make denial. Their examining trial was
held at Plemons, the county seat of Hutchinson
County, and the settlers gathered from far and near
for the event. The trial was held in a big barn of
a court house, and the prisoners were bound over
to the district court. The Eangers were preparing
to take them to Pan-handle City, where there were
safer and more commodious quarters, when the
sheriff — who had already distinguished himself by
setting free the prominent young outlaw first cap-
tured— appeared and demanded the prisoners, on
the ground that being sheriff of that county, they
could not be removed without his consent. The
Kanger Captain promptly informed him that, sheriff
or no sheriff, he had shown his disqualifications for
office, and that these prisoners would be taken to
more secure quarters than he seemed willing to
provide. The officer departed, and presently mus-
Taming the Pan-handle 161
tered a crowd, armed with Winchesters. Then he
appeared once more before Captain Bill, produced
the law which under proper conditions might have
supported him in his demand, and again declared
that he would have those prisoners, or that there
would be bloodshed and several Kanger funerals.
Captain Bill promptly called his men together.
* * We are not going to stand any foolishness, ' ^ he
said. *^ If an attempt is made to take these pris-
oners, cut down on any one who takes a hand in it.
Come, let 's move on now, and get these men in jail. ' '
The crowd that had gathered expected battle,
then and there, but nothing of the kind took
place. The sheriff's armed bluff had been called.
Later, he obtained a writ of habeas corpus, but it
was not effective for the reason that the men had
been committed under bond. At all events it was
not effective so long as McDonald and his Rangers
were in charge of the jail.
It was now evident that conviction of these of-
fenders was not to be expected in that county. Most
of them had official influence of one kind or another.
In fact, there appeared to be nobody except those
whose property had suffered who seemed concerned
in bringing these bandits to justice.
With such overwhelming evidence McDonald was
determined, if possible,, to secure their punishment.
He kept them in jail several months and eventually
was instrumental in getting their cases distributed
and sent to other counties for trial. Even so, they
162 Captain Bill McDonald
managed to evade the law. Through influence of one
kind or another, and the cooperation of officials —
former associates, perhaps, in the business of crime
— their cases were one by one dismissed.
In spite of this miscarriage of justice, the general
effect of McDonald's vigorous prosecution was
wholesome. The members of that band either left
for the far isolations, or decided to reform. The
case is given, one of many such, as an example of
what the honest official had to contend with in the
early Pan-handle days. Sometimes, indeed, justice
was even more openly and briskly side-tracked.
Once, when Captain Bill had caught a notorious
cattle-thief, red-handed; brought him to trial and
secured his conviction by jury ; the judge, instead of
passing sentence, took the law wholly into his own
hands, and administered it in a manner rather
startling for its unexpectedness and originality. He
delivered an elaborate oration, which no one in the
court room comprehended in any large degree — ^him-
self included, perhaps — and then read a lengthy
decision concerning captures made upon the high
seas ; closing with his own decision to the effect that
the clause covered this particular case as perfectly
as if it had been made for it, and that the entire
proceedings were irregular, irrelevant, without war-
rant and without effect; concluding his amazing
declaration with the statement that the prisoner was
discharged.
Taming the Pan-handle 163
Cases like these would have discouraged and dis-
gruntled a man of less resolution and character than
Bill McDonald. To him such things meant only
renewed determination. Strong in the knowledge
that unless he happened to be killed he would eventu-
ally make criminals scarce, and corrupt or weak-
kneed officials unpopular in that section, he gave
neither rest nor respite to those who broke the law
in the field, or to those who warped and disfigured
it in the courts. Individually and in groups he
brought the bad men in and filled the jails with them,
and the box-cars, and when neither was handy he
lariated them out, set a guard, and rode off after
more. When he failed to convict in one court he
tried another, and when he found an honest official
he kept him busy. In a recent letter written by Col.
W. B. Camp of San Antonio, to Edward M. House,
one of the best known citizens of Texas, the writer
says:
'* When he (Captain McDonald) was captain of
the Eangers in Texas, and doing his most effective
work, I was District Attorney of the Thirty-fifth
Judicial District, in the Pan-handle, and I learned to
love, respect and admire this fearless officer, who al-
ways placed duty before his own life. In those days
on the frontier of Texas, it was almost worth a
man's life to uphold the majesty of the law, and the
five years of such experience I had in doing so
teaches me the value of such men as Captain Bill
164 Captain Bill McDonald
McDonald. History should hand down his name for
the coming generations by the side of the heroes of
the Alamo and San Jacinto/' *
* That Captain McDonald and his little force had the entire supervision
of that vast district is shown by Adjutant-General Maby's report for
1896. See Appendix A.
XXI
The Battle with Matthews
WHAT happened TO A MAN WHO HAD DECIDED TO KILL
BILL MCDONALD
It was strange, indeed, that McDonald did not
** happen to get killed ** in those busy days of the
early nineties. One of the favorite vows of tough
** pan-handlers " was to shoot Bill McDonald on
sight. But the reader will remember that there was a
suddenness and vigor about Bill McDonald's manner
and method that was very bad for a vow like that
when the moment for its execution arrived. Still,
there were those who tried to make good, and one of
these, duly assisted, came near being successful. He
would have succeeded, no doubt, if he had had time.
This man's name was John Pierce Matthews,
which became simply John Pierce after its owner
had got the drop on a steamboat captain one day in
Louisiana and shot him dead. He took the new
name with him to the Pan-handle, where in due time
he got the drop on another man, somewhere up in
the northern tier of counties, with the same result.
This was a good while before he came down to Chil-
dress County and got to be sheriff, but there were
those who had not forgotten, and among them was
166 Captain Bill McDonald
Captain Bill McDonald, then stopping at Wichita
Falls. Matthews, or Pierce, as he was called, fre-
quently came down to the Falls for a spree, and on
one such visit made application to join a secret
society. McDonald was a prominent member of that
society and Matthews did not get in. This stirred
the animosity of Matthews, and he began to clean
his six-shooter daily and to practise sudden and ac-
curate firing, which he knew would be necessary in
case of a show-down.
By and by there was a sheriff ^s convention at
Houston, and on a boat excursion between Houston
and Galveston, Matthews spoke disrespectfully to
Governor Hogg, who was on board. McDonald, who
was also present, promptly called Matthews to ac-
count, and a general settlement might have been
reached then and there had well-meaning, but mis-
guided friends of both parties not interfered, and
spoiled a very pretty sheriff 's-picnic newspaper
story. As it was, Matthews kept on oiling his pistol
and practising, meantime enlisting the sympathy of
friends, to whom he confided that some day when he
had a little leisure he was going to look up Bill Mc-
Donald and kill him, suggesting that they be present
and take a hand; they being of the sort naturally
interested in such an enterprise.
Matthews also had another enemy, one Joe Beck-
ham, sheriff of Motley County, an officer of his own
kind, who presently got as short as possible in his
accounts, absconded, and set out for Indian Ter-
The Battle with Mattheivs 167
ritory. Matthew had no right to go outside of his
own county after a fugitive, and no business in this
matter, any way, as he wanted Beckham only for a
misdemeanor, whereas he was charged in his own
county with felony. But Matthews had an itch for
Beckham on his own account, so he picked up an-
other enemy of Beckham, named Cook, a citizen of
Motley with an ambition for Beckham's office, and
the two came with peaceful attitude and fair words
to Quanah where Captain Bill was then stopping,
requesting the loan of a Ranger to go over into the
Territory after the defaulting officer. McDonald
refused, but said he would send a man as far as the
Territory line — Ranger authority not extending
beyond that border. He did send one Ranger Mc-
Clure, who being strongly persuaded, overstepped,
at the same instant, his authority and the State line ;
captured Beckham, whom he lost through a writ of
habeas corpus ; fell into a plot devised by Matthews
and Cook to get rid of him, and was finally brought
back to Quanah by Captain Bill, who drove a hundred
miles on a bad night to get him out of the mess ; after
which McClure was a wiser and better Ranger.
Beckham, meanwhile, had fallen a victim to re-
morse, or more likely had been promised immunity,
and now hurried over to Quanah and gave himself
up again to Ranger McClure, Captain Bill being
absent from Quanah at the time. Beckham asked
to be taken to Matador, county seat of Motley, for
trial, and begged McClure to see him through Chil-
168 Captain Bill McDonald
dress, where he expected to be killed by Matthews
and Cook.
McClure assured Beckham that he would see him
safely to Matador, and they set out by rail for
Childress, at which point they would take a team for,
the Motley county seat.
Matthews was on hand at Childress. He de-
manded Beckham of McClure, who refused to
deliver his prisoner. Matthews then started to
organize a posse to take Beckham. Word of this
came to McClure who promptly gave his prisoner a
revolver and told him to help defend himself.
Matthews and his crowd now tried to enlist the co-
operation of Sheriff Cunningham of Abilene who,
as soon as he understood the situation, resigned
from the Matthews force and offered to assist the
McClure contingent. McClure thanked him, but said
he guessed he^d go along to Matador, now, with his
prisoner, as the team was waiting. Captain Bill was
in Matador when Eanger and prisoner arrived, and
Beckham was jailed without further difficulty. Cook
got appointed sheriff, by the Commissioners' Court,
but the District Judge refused to accept him and
selected a man named Moses for the job, whereupon
Cook refused to resign and Captain Bill was sent
over to turn him out, which he did with promptness
and vigor. On his way back to Quanah, waiting for
a train in Childress, Matthews appeared and de-
manded that McDonald dismiss Eanger McClure on
general charges connected with the Beckham epi-
The Battle with Matthews 169
sode. McDonald mildly but firmly refused and spoke
his mind pretty freely on the subject. All of which
added fuel to the old resentment which Matthews
nursed and nourished in his bosom for Captain Bill.
If Matthews wanted to commit suicide he began
preparing for it, now, in the right way. He gave it
out openly that he was going to wander over to
Quanah some day and kill Bill McDonald, just as a
matter of pastime, and he sent word to the same
effect by any of Captain Bill 's friends that he found
going that way. Perhaps he thought these messages
of impending death would unnerve the Eanger Cap-
tain and interfere with his sleep. That was bad
judgment. Bill McDonald needed only the anticipa-
tion of a little pistol practice like that to make him
sleep like an angel child.
** I didn't talk as loud as he did — ^nor as much,'*
Captain Bill said afterward. ** I reckon he thought
I was afraid of him. ' '
Matthews had really cut the work out for himself,
however, and had enlisted help for the occasion. He
was satisfied with his target practice and the con-
dition of his firearms, and he had taken to wearing
a plug of tobacco or a Bible or something solid like
that in the coat-pocket just over his heart, about
where one of Bill McDonald's bullets would be apt
to strike, provided the Ranger happened to get a
bead on him, though he had planned against that,
too.
It was in December, 1895, at last that Matthews
170 Captain Bill McDonald
and his pals came down to Quanah for the declared
purpose of killing a Ranger Captain. It was a cold,
dreary day and they visited one saloon after an-
other, getting a supply of courage for the job and
explaining what they were going to do. Then they
took to following McDonald, always in a group, evi-
dently waiting the proper opportunity, confident
enough that McDonald would not take the offensive.
Finally, however, they pressed him so close that he
suddenly turned and told them to quit following him
or trouble would ensue. Perhaps it did not seem a
good place to do the job — there being no sort of pro-
tection ; perhaps there was something disquieting in
the manner of Captain BilPs warning. They drop-
ped away, for the time, and McDonald gave the
matter no further thought. Men threatening to kill
him was an item on every day's program.
It was nearly dusk of that bleak day, and Mc-
Donald was in the railway station, sending an official
telegram to his men at Amarillo, when an old man
named Crutcher, whom McDonald knew, came in
with the word that Matthews wanted to see him and
fix up matters without any more trouble.
Captain Bill regarded Crutcher keenly ; evidently
he was sincere enough.
* ' John says he wants to see you and fix up every-
thing right," repeated the old man persuasively.
Captain Bill finished writing his telegram and sent
it. Then turning to Old Man Crutcher he said in his
slow mild way :
The Battle with Matthews 171
** Well, that all sounds mighty good to me. I
never want any trouble that I can help. Come on,
let 's go find him. ' '
They left the depot on the side toward the town,
and as they did so they saw the sheriff of Hardeman
County, whose name was Dick Coffer, with Matthews
and two of the latter *s friends, coming to meet them.
Sheriff Coffer was a step ahead of Matthews when
they started across the street. Old Man Crutcher in
a friendly way put his arm through McDonald's as
they advanced. When they were but four or five feet
between the groups, all stopped and there was a little
silence.
Then McDonald said :
'' Well? "
And Matthews answered, keeping Coffer just a
trifle in advance :
'' Well, what is it, Bill? ''
Captain Bill began quietly.
** I understand,'' he said, ^* that you Tiave been
saying some pretty hard things about me, and that
you-all are going to wipe up the earth with me. Is
that so? "
Matthews edged a trifle nearer to Coffer.
** No," he said, '' I didn't say that, but by God
I'll tell you what I did say," at the same moment
pointing his left index finger in McDonald's face,
while his right hand slipped in the direction of his
hip pocket.
Captain Bill saw the movement and his own hand
172 Captain Bill McDonald
dropped into his side overcoat pocket where in
winter he carried a part of his armament. Mat-
thews' practice in drawing, for some reason failed
to benefit him. His gun seemed to hang a little in
the scabbard. A second later he had jerked it free
and stepping behind Coffer fired at Captain Bill
over the sheriff's right shoulder. But the slight
hitch spoiled his aim, perhaps, for the bullet missed,
passing through McDonald's overcoat collar, though
the range was so short that the powder burned his
face.
The game could now be considered open. Captain
Bill with a quick movement that was between a skip
and a step, got around Coffer and let go two shots
in quick succession, at Matthews. But the latter 's
breast-piece was a success. Both of McDonald's bul-
lets struck within the space of a fifty-cent piece, just
above Matthews' heart, penetrated a thick plug of
Star Navy, found a heavy note-book behind it and
stopped.
With a thought process which may be regarded as
cool for such a moment. Captain Bill realized that
for some reason he could not kill Matthews by shoot-
ing him on that side, and shifted his aim. Matthews,
meantime, had again dodged behind Coffer, who now
dropped flat to the ground, where it was quieter.
Captain Bill was bending forward at the time, try-
ing to get a shot around Coffer, and as the latter
dropped, Matthews fired, the bullet striking Mc-
Donald in the left shoulder, ranging down through
THE BATTLE WITH MATTHEWS AT QUANAH.
He started to cock his gun, when he received another ball in his right shoulder.
The Battle with Matthews 173
his lung to the small of his back, traveling two-thirds
the length of his body for lodgment.
The Ranger was knocked backward, but did not
fall. Matthews quickly fired again, but McDonald
was near enough now to knock the gun aside with his
own, and the ball passed through his hat-brim. Aim-
ing at Matthews* other shoulder, McDonald let go
his third shot and Matthews fell.
Meantime the two deputy assassins had opened
fire, and one of them had sent two bullets through
McDonald *s left arm. To these he gave no atten-
tion until Matthews dropped. Wheeling now he
started to cock his gun, when he received another
ball, this time in his right shoulder, along which it
traveled to his neck, thence around the wind-pipe to
the left side. His fingers were paralyzed by this
wound and he made an effort to cock his gun with
his teeth ; but there was no further need, for with the
collapse of Matthews his co-murderers fled wildly
to cover, behind the depot, nearly upsetting A box-
car in their hurry, as a spectator remarked.
Captain Bill walked a few steps to the side-walk.
There was a post there, and holding to this he eased
himself to a sitting position. A man ran up to him.
" Cap, how about it? ''
'' Well, I think I'm a dead rabbit."
They gathered him up and took him to a drug-
store, and they took Matthews to a drug-store across
the street. By and by they carried Captain Bill
home and a doctor came to hunt for the bullets.
174 Captain Bill McDonald
'^ Don't fool around with that one in my neck,
Doc," Captain Bill said. '' Go after the one in the
small of my back, and let out the blood. There's a
bucket of it sloshin' around in there."
The doctor obeyed orders. It was proper to
gratify a dying man.
*' Now, Doc," the Eanger Captain said when the
operation was over, and the surplus cargo had been
removed, ** now, I'll get well," and Ehoda Mc-
Donald, his nervy wife, who had arrived on the scene,
echoed this belief.
'' If Bill Jess says he'll get well, he'll do it! "
she declared.
But this was a minority opinion, and that night
when it was rumored that Captain Bill would not
pull through, there were threats that in case he
didn't, the two men who had trained with Matthews
would be strung up without further notice. Some
word of this was brought to Captain Bill, perhaps
as a message of comfort.
** Don't you do it, boys," he said. ** I'm going to *
get well, and even if I don't, I want the law to take
its course. I'm opposed to lynching."
Matthews died in a few days. He was removed to
Childress and died there. Before his death he sent
word to McDonald.
** You acted the man all through," was his mes-
sage. ''I'm only sorry that I can't see you and
apologize. ' '
'' Tell him that I'm doing all right," was the
The Battle with Matthews 175
answer returned, '^^ and that I hope he'll get well.'*
The mending of Captain Bill was a slow process.
For about two months he was laid up, and then with
his wife he sojourned for a time at a sanitarium.
After that, he was up once more, pale and stooped
but ready and eager for action. In time he was
apparently as fit as ever; though, in truth, the
physical repairing was never quite complete.
XXII
What Happened to Beckham
AN outlaw KAID AND A KANGEK BATTLE. JOE BECKHAM
ENDS HIS CAKEER
Meantime the cause of the final and fatal dif-
ference between Matthews and McDonald — Joe
Beckham, former sheriff of Motley — was out on
bond, disporting himself in picturesque fashion. He
got a change of venue, and when his case came up
in Baylor County, Cook — his old rival and now his
successor, by election — started over to testify;
whereupon Beckham met the train and promptly shot
Cook dead as he struck the platform. Beckham then
mounted a fast horse and cantered away into the Ter-
ritory, where he joined in organizing a new gang
made up of old offenders, with a view to doing a
wholesale general business in crime. In this gang
were Eed Buck, and Hill Loftus, both justly cele-
brated; also Kid Lewis — later hung. They estab-
lished headquarters in a neighborhood thought to be
comparatively safe, since Bill McDonald *s work had
been confined to Texas, and opened business with
every prospect of reaping the natural reward of
perseverance and industry.
They began by making a general raid on what is
What Happened to Beckham 111
now Electra, Texas, where they cleaned out some
stores and knocked a storekeeper on the head ; after
which, they looted a country store and post office,
kept by one Al Bailey, then rode away in the direc-
tion of their Territory headquarters.
Company B, Kanger Service, was promptly noti-
fied, and Captain McDonald, not yet able to under-
take a hard chase, sent his nephew McCauley with
Jack Harwell and two other Rangers to join the
sheriff of Wilbarger County at Electra, in the
pursuit. The Rangers quickly struck the trail and
had followed forty miles toward the Territory at a
hard gait when they spied a dug-out, not far ahead.
At the same moment they met an ostensible cowboy
— a ** line-rider,'* he said, on his rounds. The dug-
out, he told them, was his, and that they would find
something to eat there.
The party hurried on in the hope of food and
warmth, for with the coming of evening it had grown
very cold, and snow was beginning to fall. They
were a little surprised to see a light in the dug-out,
but pushed on toward it, when suddenly a volley of
shots rang out from that cover, and three horses
dropped dead. Not one of the riders was injured,
and they promptly returned the fire. Then followed
a regular exchange of shots which kept up to some
extent all that bitter cold; snowy night. When morn-
ing came, only McCauley and Harwell of the Ranger
Force remained in action, the others having been
driven by the cold and storm to find shelter.
178 Captain Bill McDonald
The dug-out was silent enough, now, but McCauley
and Harwell, nearly dead from exposure, were in no
condition to charge it, alone. They were without
horses, and set out for Waggoner's ranch twenty-
five miles away, afoot. Eed Eiver lay between, and
when they arrived there the prospect of wading that
icy current was miserable enough. Nevertheless,
they did it, arriving at Waggoner's ranch, frost-
bitten and almost dead of hunger. The others had
reached there several hours earlier.
When all were in condition again, they returned
to investigate the dug-out. The place was deserted.
Eed Buck (wounded, as they learned later) with Hill
Loftus, had been able to get away; also. Kid Lewis,
for whom a telephone pole was already waiting at
Wichita Falls.
Joe Beckham lay stretched upon the floor, dead.
xxm
A Medal for Speed
CAPTAIN BILL OUTRUNS A CRIMINAL AND WINS A GOLD
MEDAL
We are not through with the Pan-handle, but we
will relate here an incident which belongs outside of
that district, though within the period. It seemed
always a part of Bill Jess McDonald's peculiar for-
tunes that wherever he went he found work suited
to his hand.
He had been in Fort Worth on official business, in
this instance, and boarded the north-bound train
just as it was pulling out of the station. As he did
so, he noticed two disreputable-looking characters
crowding against a well-dressed old gentleman, and
an instant later heard the latter exclaim, '* I have
been robbed ! * ' At the same moment the two toughs
started to leap from the car-steps.
Captain Bill's presence of mind responded
promptly. His six-shooter was out with small delay,
and seizing one of the men, he called to the other to
halt. The man detained made an attempt to strike
his captor, who promptly ** bent '' his gun over his
head — mildly at first, then with force, bringing the
offender to his knees. The Ranger Captain now
pulled the bell-cord; brought the train to a stand-
180 Captain Bill McDonald
still; turned his prisoner over to a policeman who
had appeared on the scene, and set out in pursuit of
the other thief, who by this time had obtained a
healthy start.
Captain Bill is built like a greyhound, with long
hind legs, and a prow designed for splitting the wind.
The thief was active, and making good time, but he
was no match for a Eanger of that architecture.
The distance between them closed up rapidly, and
after a race of over a mile the fugitive, having
reached what was known as ** Niggertown, ' ' dived
into one of the houses, causing a regular stampede
among the inhabitants. Men, women, and a rabble of
little pickaninnies fell out in every direction. Cap-
tain Bill, now close behind, added to the excitement
as he plunged in, only to find the room vacant. A
quilt, however, hung across a second doorway, and
stepping over to it, his six-shooter ready for emer-
gency, he drew the hanging quickly aside. As he did
so, he was confronted by a man standing on a chair,
holding in his hand a bottle filled with some trans-
parent liquid, which he was in the act of throwing.
The crack of McDonald's revolver was followed by
such a sudden collapse of the would-be vitriol-
thrower, that the Eanger Captain thought he had
wounded him seriously, though his intention had been
merely to disable the arm in action. Investigation
showed, however, that the thief was only frightened ;
that the ball had grazed his arm, also his ear, cutting
a hole through the rim of his hat.
A Medal for Speed 181
Securing the vitriol as evidence, Captain Bill
marched his man back to where he had left thief
Number One, only to find that the inexperienced
policeman had allowed him to escape. He did not
trust him with his second capture, but personally
saw him safely locked up, and then set out for home
by the next train.
Not long after, a package arrived one day in
Amarillo, and upon being opened, it was found to
contain a handsome gold medal, contributed by a
prominent jeweler and others of Fort Worth.
This decoration was engraved with Captain Mc-
Donald's name and official title; and an accompany-
ing letter stated that it was awarded as a token of
appreciation of his efforts in bringing criminals to
justice, and as a premium for his superior swiftness
of foot on a mile and a quarter track.
XXIV
Captain Bill in Mexico
mexican thieves try to hold up captain bill and
get a sueprise. mexican police make the
same attempt with the same result.
president diaz tries to
enlist him
The First National Bank of Quanah failed in 1893,
and one of the head officials, wanted for embezzle-
ment and forgery, made his escape to Mexico, where
he was arrested. Governor Hogg immediately made
requisition for him, and Captain McDonald was
detailed to bring him back across the line. Accom-
panied by one of the bank directors, McDonald set
out for Mexico, only to find that his man had been
set free, and was then making his way to remoter
hiding. It was no difficult matter, however, to trace
him, and the Eanger Captain presently overhauled
him and put him in jail, there to await certain red-
tape formalities incident to the deliberate Mexican
official methods.
Having a good deal of time on his hands, Captain
Bill spent it in sight-seeing. It was interesting
enough, but he could not understand why he used up
Captain Bill in Mexico 183
so many handkerchiefs. They seemed to disappear
from his pockets in some magic way, and no matter
how many he set out with, he presently found his
supply entirely exhausted. He realized at last that
this curious condition was not due altogether to ac-
cident, nor to carelessness on his own part. Laying
in a fresh stock of handkerchiefs, he strolled warily
along, seemingly unconscious of those who loitered
near him, apparently absorbed in sight-seeing.
Presently, from the corner of his eye, he noticed a
Mexican passing near him make a quick movement
with his hand, and caught a glimpse of white passing
from his pocket to that of the Mexican. His sudden
grab so startled this industrious person that he did
not even attempt flight. Captain Bill thereupon
promptly recovered his handkerchief, which he found
had been lifted with a slender wire hook; an effec-
tive implement in busy and skilful hands. Without
any further preliminaries, he set out for the jail
with his prisoner, but meeting an American acquaint-
ance to whom he explained the situation, he was
advised to proceed no further with the case.
* * If you take him there, they will lock you up with
him,'* he said.
** Well, I guess they won%'' said McDonald.
'* They certainly will,'' insisted his friend. ** The
law here is to confine, the witness with the prisoner,
and there is no telling when you'll get out."
Captain Bill reconsidered, whirled his prisoner
around, gave him an impetuous kick or two, and
184 Captain Bill McDonald
some advice, which perhaps reached his comprehen-
sion, though in an unknown tongue.
The man fled ; it is not known whether he took the
advice or not.
Captain Bill's adventures in Mexico were not
over. A few nights later he visited a large casino
where gambling was conducted openly, and mildly
diverted himself by taking a hand at bucking the
national game, monte. He played in luck, and the
stakes became high. His winnings grew to a con-
siderable sum, and there were greedy eyes in the
group who watched his play. "When he left the place,
at last, and descended the stairway, he noticed that
two men seemed to be following him. As he reached
the dim hallway below, he stopped; they stopped
also.
Captain Bill was pleased. This was a game he
preferred even to monte, he had played it so much
oftener. He stepped out into the middle of the
street, where he would have a clear field of observa-
tion, and set out leisurely, as if he had not noticed
anything wrong. The men following gained upon
him, one dropping a little in the rear, the other work-
ing his way to the front. As they reached a dark
locality, the man in front began to drop back a little,
evidently getting ready to close in, while the one
behind stepped up a little more lively, until he was
about on a line with Captain Bill, who now noticed
him throw back his serape as if to free his arm for
action. No longer in doubt as to what they meant
Captain Bill in Mexico 185
to do, the Captain brought out his ** forty-five '*
with a swing that landed the barrel of it with full
force on the head of the man in front. Wheeling, he
covered the other, who, seeing his companion drop
with a thud, promptly fled, the Eanger Captain close
behind. They raced down the dim street, and the
Mexican, trying to keep his eye on his pursuer and
turn a comer at the same time, ran into a stone wall
and nearly knocked his head off.
Captain Bill was satisfied with the game as it
stood, and set out for his hotel. He was not to
arrive there, however, without further complications.
The commotion, of the foot-race had aroused a squad
of police — a poor lot, in greasy white uniforms — and
these bore down upon him now with a good deal of
excited talk and gesticulation, none of which he
understood. Apparently they thought he was a
bloodthirsty person, who was in the habit of knock-
ing men over the head with his gun and chasing
others into stone walls, for amusement. He ex-
plained in the best Texan he could muster that the
men had been trying to rob him, but it was no use.
They insisted by signs that he must come with them.
When he shook his head in refusal, they began
reaching for their long revolvers, which they wore
in clumsy holsters.
Captain Bill knew this game, also. He had played
it in No-man \s Land, in the Cherokee Strip, and he
was still playing it in the Pan-handle. It was his
favorite and daily occupation. Before their guns
186 Captain Bill McDonald
were half way to any effective position, lie had them
covered, and in tones that are universally under-
stood, even when they convey words of strange
meaning, he warned them to desist.
Men are in the habit of obeying Bill McDonald
^ under such conditions. The Mexican police obeyed
him, and when he indicated that they were to march
in front of him, they did so in a formation at once
' orderly and well-maintained. He directed them to-
ward the Hotel Guadaola, where he was stopping.
Arriving there, he explained to the guard, who
understood English, what had happened, and in-
structed him to convey the information to the police,
with his thanks for their courteous and prompt at-
tention, and a request that they should meet him at
the office of President Diaz at ten o 'clock the follow-
ing morning. The guard undertook to do this, and
the police went away, dazed and muttering.
They were on hand next morning at the Presi-
dent 's office when Captain Bill arrived. During his
sojourn in the city, McDonald had come in contact
a number of times with President Diaz, and a pleas-
ant friendship had sprung up between them. Diaz,
who has an excellent knowledge of English, heard
the Captain's explanation now with a good deal of
amusement, and after dismissing his policemen with
some paternal advice, he presented Captain Bill with
a pass which gave him the freedom of any portion
of the city at any hour and under all circumstances.
The friendship between Diaz and Captain Bill
Captain Bill in Mexico 187
ripened into something like intimacy now, and a few
days later, the Mexican President, in discussing the
nation's troubles with Guatemala, invited the Ranger
Captain's opinion of the situation, and of the force
in the field.
*MVell,-Mr. President," said Captain Bill, '' 1
don't think much of your Mexican soldiers, but I
could take a squad of Texas Rangers and go down
to Guatemala and clean up that outfit down there,
capture their finances and bring their Government
to terms in twenty-four hours. ' '
The Mexican President 's eyes showed his approval
of this scheme.
* * I think a good deal of your Texan rurales, ' ' he
said, * * but they have killed a lot of our people, too. ' '
Captain Bill nodded.
* * Only the kind that needed killing, ' ' he said.
* * Very likely, ' ' assented Diaz ; then added, a mo-
ment later,
* * Captain, I propose that you enlist with us for
the purpose you mentioned just now, and bring over
five hundred of your Texas cowboys to assist in the
undertaking. ' '
Diaz waxed enthusiastic over this idea, and Cap-
tain Bill was not unwilling to enter into the scheme.
The matter went so far as to get into the news-
papers, but at that point it came to a sudden end.
Governor Hogg and Adjutant-General W. S. Mabry
— a fine soldier, who later died in the Cuban war —
did not propose to have their Ranger Captain go oflf
188 Captain Bill McDonald
on any such filibustering expeditions, and promptly
nipped the whole matter in the bud.
Captain Bill stayed for a considerable time in the
Mexican capital, for his companion, the bank official,
fell very ill, and the Captain turned nurse to pull
him through. He very soon became a well-known
figure in the city, being often pointed out as the man
who had taken a squad of police in charge ; who was
going to bring his Rangers down to whip the Guate-
malans, and whose skill with the six-shooter was
nothing short of miraculous. This last belief was in
some manner sustained one day when he visited a
shooting gallery in company with an American den-
tist, who had taken pleasure in showing him the
sights of the quaint old town.
'* Captain, suppose you shoot at those targets as
rapidly as you can, and see how many you '11 miss, ' '
he said, when they were inside.
Without hesitation, McDonald drew his revolver
and opened a perfect fusilade, hitting a target at
each shot. Two Mexicans who were practising in
the gallery made a wild break for the open air and
safety. Soldiers and police came running in excite-
ment and confusion to discover the cause. It was all
over by this time, and the officers, seeing only Cap-
tain Bill and the dentist, stood gaping, waiting an
explanation.
* ^ It is nothing, ' ' said the dentist, in Spanish ; ^ ^ my
friend the Captain was only practising a little to
keep his hand in."
XXV
A New Style in the Pan-handle
CHARLES A. CULBERSON PAYS A TRIBUTE TO RANGER
MARKSMANSHIP. CAPTAIN BILL IN A
*^ PLUG *' HAT
It was during the Pan-handle period that Charles
A. Culberson — son of the Dave Culberson who
nearly thirty years before had cleared the boy, Bill
Jess McDonald, from a charge of treason — was
Attorney-General for the State of Texas. Captain
Bill was at Quanah, one day, when he received notice
from Culberson that the latter was anxious to locate
the 100th meridian, preliminary to beginning a suit
against the United States to test the claim made by
Texas for Greer County — now a portion of Okla-
homa. The Attorney General invited Captain Bill
to accompany him as guide and body guard, know-
ing him to be familiar with the district and capable
of taking care of such an expedition.
They left the railroad at Vernon, "Wilbarger
County, proceeded in a buck-board to Doan's Store
on the Eed Eiver, and crossed over into Greer
County. It was a pleasant drive across the prairies,
and Captain Bill who felt in good practice beguiled
the time by bringing down prairie dogs, running
rabbits, sailing hawks and the like, using his six-
shooter with one hand and his Winchester with the
190 Captain Bill McDonald
other, riding along as they were, without stopping.
To Culberson, this performance was amazing
enough.
^ ^ Captain, ' ' he said, ^ ^ that beats anything I ever
saw. Why, I believe you could throw a nickle up
in the air and hit it before it touched the ground."
McDonald smiled in his quiet way.
'^ Do you think so! '' he said. ** Well, I reckon I
might, but I wouldn't want to waste a nickel that
way. ' '
Captain Bill then gave a few exhibitions of what
he really could do in the way of shooting, and Cul-
berson declared without hesitation that there was
not such another marksman in the State of Texas.
The Attorney General was enjoying himself im-
mensely.
They camped that night, and next morning were
continuing their journey toward Mangum, the county
seat of Greer, when they began to meet men and
women on horseback, evidently getting out of that
section of the country without much waste of time.
Captain Bill inquired the reason of this exodus and
was told that a cowboy had killed an Indian over on
the North Fork of the Red, and that the Indians were
getting on their war-paint, preparatory to making a
raid — Comanches and Kiowas.
** General,'' said Captain Bill, *^ I'll have to look
into this thing. You can go on to Mangum with the
team and I '11 get me a horse and go over and take a
hand in the trouble."
A New Style in the Pan-handle 191
** Not at all," said Culberson, ** youVe under-
taken to see me through this trip and I'm not going
to let you desert now, Indians or no Indians. ' '
** But I've got to, General. This is a pleasure
trip, and that's business. Them devils are goin' to
start something over there and it's my duty as "
Eanger to investigate it."
Culberson laughed.
** Now, Captain," he said, ** you know very well
that all you want is to get over there where there's
a chance to give a shooting exhibition. You've got
tired of hawks and prairie dogs and want to try your
hand on Indians. ' '
A new arrival just then furnished the information
that the offending cowboy had been jailed at Man-
gum, and that the Indians were likely to storm the
jail. This settled the matter, for Ranger duty and
inclination now lay in the same direction. McDonald
and Culberson drove as rapidly as possible toward
Mangum, then about fifty miles away, changing *
horses once on the hard journey. The town was well-
nigh deserted, as nearly everyone who could get a
gun had gone to the scene of the killing. Captain
Bill therefore established himself as guard of the
jail where the cowboy was confined, and waited
results. Nothing of consequence happened. The
country quieted down, Culberson and Captain Bill
presently returned to Quanah.
But a few days later when the Attorney General
had arrived in Austin, Captain Bill received a pack-
192 Captain Bill McDonald
age by express, prepaid. On opening it he was
stupefied to find that it contained a ** plug '' hat
of very fine quality. It was the first silk hat in the
Pan-handle, where the soft wide-rimmed cowboy
Stetson predominated, and it took more courage to
wear it than to face an assault with intent to kill.
But Captain Bill was game. He was a '* brother-
in-law to the church '' as he said — ^his wife being a
member — and the following Sunday he put on the
silk hat and accompanied her to meeting.
Their seat was up near the front, only a step from
the pulpit — a good thing for the minister, otherwise
nobody would have looked in his direction. As it
was, all eyes were aimed toward Captain Bill and
his hat. The congregation had seen him come in
with it in his hand, and they could still observe the
wonder, for it would not do to put so fine a piece
of property on the floor, while to set it toppling on
his lap would be to court disaster. It seemed neces-
sary therefore to hold it in his hand, raised a little,
and at a distance from his body, in order that by no
chance movement the marvelous gloss of it should
be , marred. The people of Quanah who attended
church that day were glad to be there. They are
still glad. They do not remember the sermon they
heard, but they do remember that hat. Even the
minister wandered from his text in his contempla-
tion of that splendid exhibition. Those of Quanah
who remained away from service on that memorable
Sunday have never entirely recovered from their
A New Style in the Pan-handle 193
regret. For it was their only opportunity ever to
see Captain Bill in a plug hat. When services were
over, the congregation crowded about for a nearer
view. Cowboys stood up on the backs of the pews
to look over the shoulders of those in front of them.
Homesick women who remembered such things back
east, shed tears. Many wanted to touch the precious
thing — to stroke its silken surface, and among these
were little children who insisted on rubbing the fur
the wrong way.
Captain Bill got out at last and headed for home.
Once there, the gift of the Attorney General was
reverently damned and laid away. Somewhere in
a secret stronghold, deep buried from mortal eye,
it exists to this hour.
XXVI
Pkeventing a Peize-fight
THE FITZSIMMONS-MAHEE FIGHT THAT DIDN't COME
OFF AT EL PASO, AND WHY. CAPTAIN BILL
'^ TAKES UP '' FOR A CHINAMAN
Culberson became Governor in the course of
time, and remembering Captain BilPs peculiar
talents was wont to rely upon him for special work
in any portion of the State where nerve, determina-
tion and prompt, accurate marksmanship were likely
to be of value.
During February, 1896, a national sporting event
— a ring contest between Bob Fitzsimmons and Pete
Maher — was advertised to take place at El Paso, a
busy city dropped down on the extreme western
point of the Texas desert, on the banks of the Bio
Grande. Governor Culberson, speaking for himself
as well as for the better class of citizens in his State,
announced that so long as he was in office, Texas
would not go on record as a prize-fighting common-
wealth, and that the fight would not take place.
Thereupon there came a crisis. Certain interested
citizens of El Paso had made up a purse of ten
thousand dollars to bring this event to the '* Paris
of Texas '' and these and their friends were filled
Preventing a Prize-fight 195
with indignation. Dan Stuart, prominent in Texas
sporting matters and promoter of this particular
event, issued a proclamation which bore not only
the announcement that the fight would take place
as advertised, but a picture of Dan himself. Also,
it was declared that there was no law in Texas
which would prevent prize-fighting, and the prep-
arations for this particular event continued ; where-
upon Governor Culberson promptly called a special
session of the legislature to pass a law which would
be effective, and Adjutant-General Mabry ordered
the State Ranger Service to assemble at El Paso to
see that this law was enforced — it having been
widely reported that Bat Masterson with a hundred
fighting men would be present to see that the fight
came off. Then, when it was rumored that the con-
test would take place in either Old or New Mexico
— the boundaries of both being near El Paso — Presi-
dent Cleveland ordered the United States Marshal
of New Mexico to proceed to the vicinity of El Paso
and guard the isolated districts of that territory,
while the Governor of Chihuahua took measures to
discourage the enterprise in that State.
Things began to look pretty squally for the sport-
ing fraternity, both in El Paso and at large, and
they were mad clear through. The city council
assembled and passed a denunciatory measure, con-
demning the Governor for asking for Rangers; the
Adjutant-General for sending them, and the Rangers
for being present.
196 Captain Bill McDonald
It was no use. The Eangers went quietly about
the streets, paying no attention to unfriendly looks
and open threats as they passed along. Efforts
were made by the principals and their friends to
elude the Eangers, but with no other result than that
a Eanger was appointed as a special body-guard to
each of the pugilists, while a third, Captain Mc-
Donald, became the temporary associate of Dan
Stuart. They had nothing particular to do — these
Eangers — except to be companionable, and pleasant,
and to stay with their men. Wherever Stuart and
Maher and Fitzsimmons went their official attend-
ants went with them, and even if not always welcome
they were entertained with sufficient courtesy, for
the person of a Eanger is sacred — besides, he is re-
puted to be quick and fatal.
Such sport became monotonous. The pugilists
and their friends gave up the El Paso idea, and,
still accompanied by the Eangers, took the train for
Langtry, a point where the Southern Pacific Eailway
touches the Eio Grande. The State of Coahuila lay
across the river, and Langtry itself was at that
period the proper gateway to a pugilists ' paradise,
its law being administered by one Eoy Bean,
justice of the peace and saloon-keeper, whose sign
read:
MIXED DRINKS
LAW WEST OF THE PECOS.
It is said that Bean's drinks were about on a
Preventing a Prize-fight 197
par with his law, and that the latter was adminis-
tered with a gun. He tried court cases, granted
divorces, and handed down decisions without the
trammel of a jury or other assistance. Once when
a citizen killed a Chinaman in his place, Bean con-
sulted the statutes, and finding nothing in reference
to the murder of a Chinaman in his saloon, dis-
charged the prisoner as having committed no of-
fense. At another time, when a man walking across
a high bridge over the Pecos had fallen and broken
his neck, and the matter was brought before Bean,
the dispenser of ^* Law West of the Pecos,'' dis-
covered that the pockets of the unfortunate con-
tained a six-shooter and forty-one dollars in money ;
whereupon he fined the dead man twenty-five dol-
lars and costs for carrying a concealed weapon, and
appropriated the forty-one dollars and the six-
shooter, in settlement. A whole chapter could be
written about Bean and his official service, but this
is not the place for it. It is the place, however, for
another incident concerning a Chinaman — a case in
which, though tried west of the Pecos, the China-
man's rights were sustained.
The train bound for Langtry with the pugilistic
party and Rangers aboard stopped at Sanderson, a
small wayside station in the desert, for lunch.
Everybody was hungry and hurried over to a
Chinese restaurant for something to eat, and the
Chinese waiters scurried about to serve them. They
were doing their best, but it was not easy to satisfy
198 Captain Bill McDonald
everybody at once. Next to Captain McDonald sat
Bat Masterson. Bat has since given up all his reck-
less ways and become a good citizen, but at that time
he was training with the unreformed and not feel-
ing very well, anyhow. It seemed to Bat that a
Chinese waiter was not getting around as promptly
with food as he might and he set in to admonish
him. The Chinaman replied to the effect that he
was doing his best, whereat Masterson decided to
correct him with a table-castor. Captain Bill had
been sitting quietly, saying nothing ; but as Master-
son raised the castor the Eanger Captain clutched
his arm.
*^ Don't you hit that man! *' he said.
Masterson wheeled.
** Maybe you'd like to take it up! '*
Captain Bill regarded him steadily for an instant.
*^ I done took it up! '' was his quiet answer.
The castor was put down. Masterson reflected
silently while he waited for his food. Perhaps that
was the beginning of his reform.
Arriving at Langtry, Stuart, Fitzsimmons and
Maher were escorted to the Eio Grande, where,
with all their fraternity, they crossed over to Mexi-
can soil and the fight was pulled off in good order.
It was a good fight, as fights go, and Fitzsimmons
won with a knock-out landed on Maher 's jaw; but
it did not take place on Texas soil.*
* For official details of the situation at El Paso, etc., see Appendix A,
Adjutant-General W. H. Mabry's report.
XXVII
The Wichita Falls Bank Robbeky and Murdeb
kid lewis and his gang take advantage op the
absence of the rangers. he makes a bad
calculation and comes to grief
The absence of Captain Bill and his Rangers from
the Pan-handle, was construed by Kid Lewis as an
invitation to rob a bank. He selected the City Na-
tional of Wichita Falls for his purpose and with a
partner named Crawford rode up to that institu-
tion one day about noon, and entering, demanded
the bank funds. Cashier Frank Dorsey failing to
comply with that demand, was shot dead; H. H.
Langford, bookkeeper, was wounded, and the Vice-
President of the bank escaped by having in his left
breast-pocket a small case of surgical instruments.
This deflected the ball which otherwise would have
entered his heart.
The robbers then secured whatever money was in
sight — about six hundred dollars in gold and silver
— ran out the back door, mounted their waiting
horses and galloped away. The citizens were by
this time alarmed and a number set out in pursuit,
full speed. There was a running fight, during which
Lewis* horse was shot, but an instant later he was
200 Captain Bill McDonald
clear of it, and leaping behind Crawford the two
went plunging away double until they met an old
man driving into town with a single horse. This
they appropriated forthwith, leaving their pursuers
a good way behind. Still further on, they crossed
Holiday Creek and came to a field where a man
was plowing. They now abandoned their blown
horses and at the point of a gun took his heavy
Clydesdale team and once more dashed away, mak-
ing for the Wichita Eiver. Their pursuers gained
on the clumsy animals and fired several more shots
at the fugitives, then decided to return and organize
a posse, which they raised in short order. This
posse followed the track of Lewis and Crawford
beyond the Wichita Eiver, to a place where the rob-
bers had taken to the thick brush overgrowing the
river bottom. Here the trail was lost.
Captain McDonald, returning from the Fitzsim-
mons-Maher contest, via Fort Worth, had got as
far as Bellvue in the adjoining county when he was
met by a telegram, containing the news of what had
happened that morning at Wichita Falls. He im-
mediately wired the authorities at the Falls to have
horses in readiness for himself and men.
The Eangers reached the city about two in the
afternoon and mounting the horses, already waiting,
dashed away in the direction the robbers had taken.
With him, Captain Bill had Eangers McCauley, Har-
well, Sullivan, Queen, and McClure — the tried,
picked men whom Lewis and Crawford had been
Wichita Falls Bank Robbery and Murder 201
most anxious to avoid. The horses were picked,
too, for speed and endurance and went at a wild
headlong gait — almost too headlong for safety. A
small creek that had become a bed of mud lay across
the road and Captain Bill *s horse, stumbling on the
brink, sent him head first into the soft mixture,
which literally daubed him from head to foot before
he could get on his feet. His men thought for a
moment that he was killed, but he rose spluttering
and swearing, wholly unhurt, though fearfully dis-
figured, and with no time to remove his disguise.
Instantly mounting, he galloped on, a sight to be-
hold, the others respectfully restraining any ten-
dency to mirth.
Presently they met the local posse coming back.
The posse had given up the chase, but was able to
furnish information. Captain Bill and his Kangers
learned where the robbers had disappeared, and
pressed on in that direction, the posse following.
It was now getting toward evening and would
soon be dusk. It was desirable to make an end of
matters by daylight, if possible, and the Rangers
wasted no time. They picked their way rapidly into
the thick undergrowth of the bottoms, and suddenly
in a bend of the river discovered the Clydesdale
horses tied close to the bank. Their riders were
believed to be close by, and the Rangers expected
to be fired upon at any moment. Without waiting
for any such reception they charged in the direction
of the horses, with no other result than that Ranger
202 Captain Bill McDonald
Sullivan broke a stirrup, fell, and with a fractured
rib, retired from action.
Lewis and Crawford bad abandoned the horses,
and their trail led down the river bank. The
Eangers also left their horses at this point, for it
was hard going. McDonald now took Queen and
Harwell, one on either side of him, their guns in
readiness while he gave his attention to the trail.
The light was getting very dim where they were,
but Captain Bill is a natural trailer and followed
the tracks without difficulty. Here and there they
found stray articles which the men had dropped in
their flight. Finally the tracks led to the river where
it was evident the bandits had crossed.
It was February and the water was very cold.
Captain Bill had not yet recovered from the terrible
bullet wounds received in the fight with Matthews,
two months before, and was bent and debilitated,
but he did not falter. With Queen and Harwell
he plunged in and waded the icy water, chin deep,
to the other side. Twice more the trail led to the
river and crossed, and twice more McDonald and his
men waded that bitter current, holding their fire-
arms above their heads, their bodies literally numb
with cold. It was a severe experience, but as Captain
Bill said afterwards, it removed a good deal of his
mud.
McDonald now made up his mind that the rob-
bers would be likely to cross a road that had been
cut through the bottoms, and head toward the Ter-
Wichita Falls Bank Rohhery and Murder 203
ritory, which they were evidently trying to reach,
believing the Rangers would not follow them across
the line. He called to one of his men — Ranger Mc-
Clure, who appeared just then, a little distance away
— to get all the force he could and guard that road,
while he, McDonald, with Queen and Harwell, would
continue to beat the brush and search carefully
through the bottoms. At that moment Lewis and
Crawford were near enough to hear this order, and
the realization that it was Bill McDonald and his
Rangers who were on the trail gave them a sudden
and more severe chill than the icy water they had
waded.
They had been heading for the Territory, as Mc-
Donald suspected, but decided to change their course
toward a creek that ran parallel with the river. On
their way to it they were obliged to cross an open
field, and though by this time it was night — between
nine and ten o'clock — a full moon had risen and
they were discovered by the men guarding the road,
and fired upon. They returned the fire as they ran,
but no damage was done on either side. Meantime,
McDonald and his two companions, nearly perish-
ing with wet and cold, having come upon a house
in their search, had stopped to try for a cup of hot
coffee. At the sound of the shots they rushed out.
A horse was hitched at the door and Captain Bill
leaped into the saddle and hurried in the direction
of the alarm. As he approached, he saw in the
moonlight a crowd — the local posse — gathered on
204 Captain Bill McDonald
the little hill overlooking the wheatfield where the
robbers had crossed. The Eanger Captain fully ex-
pected to find the captured or dead bandits in that
crowd, and called out as he came up:
** Boys, where are they? Where are the rob-
bers? ''
They pointed in the direction of some brush about
a quarter of a mile away.
*' They went into that creek bottom, over yonder. '^
'* Well, then, what in the devil are you all doing
up here? '*
Somebody answered:
*' You must think we're dam' fools to go in there
after those fellows. Of course we didn't go in there,
and don't intend to."
'' Well," said Captain Bill, *' I'm going, and if
any of you fellows want to go, come ahead, but I
don't want any man that don't go willingly."
Eanger McCauley had ridden up.
'* You can't get away from me, Uncle Bill," he
said.
The two loped off in the direction of the thicket,
but presently found their way barred by a wire
fence. Leaving their horses they made a circuit
around the enclosure and soon struck what seemed
to be a road, leading into the bottom. Hurrying
along they came upon Eanger McClure, who had
been in charge of the posse when the shooting had
occurred, and had set out alone to locate the rob-
bers.
Wichita Falls Bank Robbery and Murder 205
*^ Hello, Bob, where are they? '' asked Captain
Bill, as he and McCauley came up.
** Right over there, Cap. They ran in the brush,
over by yonder big tree.*'
*' Well, boys, we Ve got to get them. We'll charge
in there. '*
They pushed rapidly into the bushes without fur-
ther parley — McDonald heading for the tree, Mc-
Cauley and McClure spreading out to the right.
Captain Bill made straight for the big tree
pointed out by McClure, his gun ready for quick
service. It was a still, moonlit place, but brushy and
full of shadows, and not easy going. The crack of
Winchesters might be expected at any moment.
Suddenly the Captain found himself confronted
by a creek, and looking across saw two men with
guns, squatting in the weeds. They appeared to be
on the point of raising their guns to fire, but with
McDonald's appearance and his sharp command,
** Hold up there! '' made from behind his own
leveled Winchester, they were unable to complete
the action. Their guns dropped into their laps —
they seemed stupefied.
* * Throw up your hands I ' ' was the next order.
The hands went up.
** Get up from there I "
One of the men found his voice.
** We can't, Captain, our guns are lying across
our laps, cocked. They'll go off if we get up.'*
** Get up or I'll turn you over! "
206 Captain Bill McDonald
They rose hastily, their guns sliding to the
ground.
'* Back off there, now, and face the other way.''
They obeyed like soldiers on drill.
Captain Bill stepped into the creek, about three
feet deep, and waded across. He noticed a bag,
doubtless containing the stolen money, and observed
that the robbers had laid their cartridges out on a
log for convenient use. At that moment McCauley
and McClure came hurrying up, apparently ready
to shoot.
** Hold up boys! It's all right," said McDonald,
'' IVe got 'em! "
McCauley and McClure waded across and assisted
in searching the prisoners. A purse of gold waS'
found in one of the men's pockets; the sack on the
ground contained silver.
** Now, let's get out of this," said McDonald,
* * and get where it 's warm. ' '
** You're not going to make us wade that cold
creek, are you " said Lewis, shivering.
*^ Look here," said Captain Bill. '' If you don't
get across there and pretty quick, too, I'll duck you,
head first. You've made me wade water up to my
neck, all the afternoon."
They all crossed, then — the fifth time in the cold
water that day for McDonald — and made their way
to where he and McCauley had left their horses.
Here they got a rope and bound the prisoners, their
arms behind them. Captain Bill then called to the
Wichita Falls Bank Robbery and Murder 207
posse, still waiting in the road a quarter of a mile
away listening for the sound of the shots that would
probably bring down Rangers.
'* Come on, boys,*' he yelled, ** we've got emi *'
So they came ** lickety brindle,'' but presently
stopped.
'* Captain, are you sure you got 'em? *'
'* Yes, I've got 'em, and got 'em tied. Come on
— there 's no danger, now ! ' '
The crowd tore through the brush to get over
there, and some of them began abusing the captured
men, declaring they had murdered the best man in
Wichita Falls, and furnishing a graphic outline of
what would happen to them, in consequence. What
they said was all true enough, maybe, but the saying
of it seemed in rather poor taste to Captain Bill.
** Look here," he said, ** these men are my pris-
oners, now; you let them alone."
He marched Lewis and Crawford over to Mart
Boger's ranch, where all got some hot coffee and
something to eat. Boger also supplied a wagon in
which to haul the prisoners.
It was McDonald's first intention to take the men
to Henrietta, for safe keeping, but against his judg-
ment he was persuaded to take them to Wichita
Falls. He gave orders, however, that none of the
crowd should leave, as he did not wish the news
of the capture to travel ahead of them — realizing
that a mob of citizens would be likely to gather.
On the way to the Falls the Rangers fell into con-
208 Captain Bill McDonald
versation with Lewis; and McCauley and Harwell
discussed with him the fight that he and Hill Loftus
and the others had made, that night in the dug-out
when Joe Beckham had been killed. Lewis explained
how he and Eed Buck and Loftus had managed to
slip away without being seen. Then McDonald
said :
** Boys, how was it you didn't shoot me a while
ago, when you saw me coming through the bushes?
You-all had your guns cocked and ready — and you
knew you 'd be hung, anyway, if you got caught. You
saw me first — why didn't you shoot? '*
*' Cap," said Lewis, ** we thought you were out
of the country and wouldn't get back before we
could get to the Territory. When we heard you
giving orders and knew who it was, we lost our
nerve, and when we saw you, we somehow got
paralyzed.''
When the procession had arrived within a mile or
two of the Falls, Captain McDonald, realizing that
some one had doubtless slipped away and carried
the news, sent one of his men to have the jail door
open in order that there might be no delay in enter-
ing. His suspicion was correct, for the news had
traveled, and though it was then about two o'clock in
the morning, several hundred men were congregated
about the jail when the Eangers with their prisoners
arrived. Captain Bill rode ahead and opened the
way with his gun.
*' Give room, here, men! " he commanded, and
the way opened.
Wichita Falls Bank Robbery and Murder 209
Lewis and Crawford were marched into the jail
— Rangers McCauley and Queen being left to guard
the door. The prisoners were taken to cells, care-
fully searched, and locked in. Captain McDonald
then descended to disperse the crowd, which had
grown noisy and ugly in its demands for the pris-
oners, and was apparently making ready to attack
the jail. Captain Bill addressed this assembly.
** Boys,'' he said, ^* I reckon you-all are my
friends, and if you are, you'll go home now and go
to bed. My Rangers and I captured these men and
they are our prisoners. We've got them locked up,
and they'll have a fair trial. You men didn't cap-
ture them, and you have nothing to do with them.
They're unarmed now, and can't defend themselves,
but if you make an attack on this jail I'll give the
prisoners their guns, and we'll lick this crowd. I
command you to disperse immediately. If you don 't,
we'll begin business right now."
The mob dispersed. Some of the leaders wanted
to call Captain Bill away to discuss matters, but he
would have none of it, and cleared the grounds.
Then in spite of his wet, cold, weary condition, and
the terrible wounds received less than three months
before, he stayed with his men, on guard, till morn-
ing. Then a message was brought to him that Hill
Loftus had been concerned in the robbery and that
he was hiding in a dug-out near town.
Knowing that Loftus and Lewis trained together.
Captain McDonald did not discredit this report, or
210 Captain. Bill McDonald
suspect that it was part of a ruse to get Mm away
from the jail. He ordered a horse from the stable
at once and made ready to start.
'' Aren't you going to take your men with you? ''
asked the men who had brought the word.
"• No," said Captain Bill. ** I want them to stay
here.''
** But Loftus is a bad man, and will have the
advantage of you, being in the dug-out."
** That's all right — I can take care of him; but I
do want somebody to come and show me the place. ' '
A man volunteered to do this, and rode with Cap-
tain Bill to a dug-out some distance away, in the
edge of the town. The place was empty, but an-
other man appeared just then who claimed to have
seen Loftus leave, a little while before, taking a
northerly direction.
Still unsuspecting. Captain Bill set out at full
speed, but after riding three miles and seeing no
sign of Loftus, or his trail, he rode back to Wichita
Falls. At the edge of the town he was met by his
nephew, Henry McCauley, with the news that every-
body who could get a gun had marched on the jail,
and that no doubt Lewis and Crawford were already
hung.
Captain Bill did not wait for another word. A
mob of several hundred men had gathered about the
jail, wild with excitement, determined to have Lewis
and Crawford and to lynch them, forthwith. Sud-
denly this multitude saw Captain Bill bearing down
QUELLING A LYNCHING MOB AT WICHITA FALLS.
" Boys, have you still got the prisoners?"
Wichita Falls Bank Robbery and Murder 211
on them — his Winchester in position for business
and fury in his eye.
" Boys," he called to his Rangers, as he dashed
up, '* have you still got the prisoners? "
** Yes,'* they called back, ** they're still in the
jail I''
Captain Bill wheeled on the mob.
** Nowl " he shouted, ** damn your sorry souls!
march out of here and get away from this jail, every
one of you, or I'll fill this yard with dead men! *'
He had his Winchester leveled as he spoke and
those who considered themselves in range made a
wild, hasty effort to get into some safer locality.
Captain Bill swung the point of his gun a little so it
covered a good many in its orbit, and nobody knew
when it might go off. They knew if it did go off
it would hit whatever spot he selected, and nobody
wanted to own that spot. The crowd moved — some
of it hurried a good deal — and Captain Bill helped
things along with language. He escorted the mob
well into town.
The Ranger Captain now prepared to move the
prisoners to Fort Worth, but was notified by the
District Judge that this could not be done — that any
attempt to do so would result in general trouble with
the citizens of Wichita Falls. McDonald protested
that the citizens had already shown that they were
unable to take care of the prisoners in a legal way.
The judge said :
^^ I will appoint twenty-five men to guard the
jail.-
212 Captain Bill McDonald
** You mean you will appoint twenty-five men to
keep me from taking Lewis and Crawford away/'
McDonald said:
* ' No, only to help you guard them. ' '
* * But if you have a guard of twenty-five men you
don't need the Eangers."
The judge argued for the moral support of the
Eangers. McDonald informed him that it was im-
possible for his force to remain in Wichita Falls,
guarding prisoners; that other work was waiting
for them; that there was already a requisition for
them at Quanah; that furthermore they had been
away from their headquarters for two weeks, be-
sides being wet and cold and worn out from ex-
posure and want of sleep.
'* Let the others go. Captain, and you stay,'' urged
the judge.
** Judge," said Captain Bill, '* you know I'm all
shot up, and it's the first time I've rode any, and
what with yesterday, and last night, and to-day I'm
about used up, and likely to be sick. Now, if you
can take care of those prisoners with your guard,
all right. If you think you can't, I'll take 'em to
Fort Worth, where they'll be safe. But I'm going
to get out of here to-night, unless you get an order
from Governor Culberson for me to stay. It ain't
far to the telegraph office, only about thirty steps —
you can go and wire him, if you want to. If he says
for me to stay, I will, of course. But otherwise I'm
going. I've done my whole duty, now. When I get
Wichita Falls Bank Robbery and Murder 213
prisoners in jail, and guarded, my duty ends. Your
guard of twenty-five men with your local officers can
hold that jail if they want to. I could hold it alone. ''
No order came to the Eangers from Governor
Culberson, and they left that afternoon, when the
local guard had been duly installed. That night the
mob once more marched on the jail, and in spite of
the armed guard and the sheriff, deputies and con-
stables, Lewis and Crawford were taken from their
cells and hung to telephones poles, close to the bank
where they had committed their crime.
Citizens of Wichita Falls complained to Governor
Culberson that Captain McDonald and his Eangers
had gone away, leaving the prisoners to the mercy
of the mob. Culberson wired to McDonald, and re-
ceiving the facts in reply, commended him through-
out.
A reward of two thousand dollars for the capture
of Lewis and Crawford was paid by the two banks
of Wichita Falls. The local posse divided it into
thirty-two equal parts, in which they generously
permitted the Rangers to share.
xxvin
Captain Bill as a Peacemaker
he attends certaiit strikes and riots alone with
satisfactory results. goes to thurber
and disperses a mob
During the years that ended the old century and
began the new — from about 1896 to 1902, or later —
there occurred in Texas a series of strike and mob
disorders of various kinds. To quiet troubles of
this sort is the special province of the Eanger Ser-
vice, and as the Pan-handle became more tractable
— more range-broken, as one may say — Captain Bill
McDonald and his little force were summoned to
points far and near to put down disturbance and to
check agitation.
It was not long after the bank murder at Wichita
Falls, and the capture of Lewis and Crawford, that
Captain McDonald was summoned there again, this
time to investigate a strike on the Port Worth and
Denver Eailroad. Things were in bad shape at the
Falls. Trains were not allowed to run, engines were
not permitted to move. Kiot and bloodshed were
imminent.
Captain Bill did not think it necessary to take his
men. He went up to Wichita Falls alone, and learn-
ing where the main body of the strikers were assem-
Captain Bill as a Peacemaker 215
bled, went over there. They had gathered in a hall,
and were holding a secret meeting when he arrived.
The Captain knocked on the door. A doorkeeper
came, but refused admission.
* * I am Captain McDonald, of the Eangers, ' ' said
McDonald quietly, '* and I'm here to talk to you
men and see what the trouble is. You're all here *
now, and I think I'll talk to you together."
The doorkeeper went away and reported, and
presently returned.
** Where are your Eangers? '' he asked.
** I didn't bring any. I don't need any. I'm a
pretty good single-handed talker, myself."
There was another consultation inside, and the
door opened. Captain Bill went in with a friendly
greeting for everybody, given in his genial natural
way. Then he got up where he could see his audi-
ence.
** Boys," he said, in his slow, friendly way, ** I
understand you-all are acting mighty sorry over
here, interfering with business and making out like '
you're going to tear up things generally. Now, you
know me, and you know that I don't want anything
that ain't right, and if a man behaves himself I'll
try to get him what's right, if I can. I suppose you
think you have a grievance and perhaps you have,
but you'll never get it settled this way, and it's my
business, as you-all know, not to have this sort of
work going on. You have a perfect right to quit
work, but you haven't any right to keep other men
216 Captain Bill McDonald
from working, or to injure people's business or to
break up property. Nothing good can come out of
such doings. I didn't bring any of my men along,
because I didn't believe I'd need 'em, and I don't
think so now, but of course if this thing goes on,
I'll have to bring 'em, and then it will be too late to
talk all friendly here together as we 're talking now.
^* I'm well acquainted with President Good of this
road, and I know you can't get anything this way;
and if you take my advice you'll go back to work
and tell him your troubles afterward. Now, boys,
that's all I've got to say, and I reckon if you listen
to it you'll come out a good deal better than if you
listen to one or two men that for some reason of
their own are trying to stir up a lot of trouble, and
will be in jail before night, as like as not. ' '
Captain Bill went down on the street and the
crowd soon followed. A good many came to him
and expressed willingness to go to work. Here and
there he talked to a little group in his friendly,
earnest way. The strike at Wichita Falls was over.
From Wichita Falls McDonald went over to
Fort Worth, where there was similar trouble, but
learned that a more serious situation existed at the
Thurber coal-mines, in Erath County. The miners
were of many nationalities — ignorant and brutish —
and they were swayed by anarchical leaders. The
Eanger Captain was urged to take his men to Thur-
ber, but decided to go alone.
Arriving at Thurber, he hunted up the mine offi-
Captain Bill as a Peacemaker 217
cials, for consultation. Colonel Hunter, President
of the mines, looked at Captain Bill — bent over
from his wounds and battered up from illness and
exposure — and shook his head.
** You should have brought your men,'' he said.
** You can't do anything with a gang like ours,
alone. ' '
^* Well, Colonel, I'm using my men in other
places. I'll look around a little and do what I can,
anyway. ' '
Loitering about the town, he discovered that a
number of kegs of beer were going out to a high hill,
beyond the outskirts — headquarters of the striking
miners. He learned that there was to be a sort of
mass meeting there that night, when the leaders and
chief agitators would be on hand. He decided to be
present.
It was well after dark when he set out, and a
good crowd had assembled when he reached the
place. It was out on a mountain where the timber
had been cut off, about half a mile from Thurber,
and there was no light except from a misty moon.
At one place there was a big log, used by the
speakers to stand on, and about this the crowd and
the beer-kegs were gathered. Captain Bill, unnoticed,
blended with the outer edges.
It was near eleven o'clock, and a speaker had
come to the conclusion that the crowd was in the
proper condition to take some good radical advice
— which might be followed by prompt action — so
218 Captain Bill McDonald
he proceeded to give it. He told them how they had
been mistreated and what they should do. They
were to begin by blowing up the mines and the
superintendent's office, and he told them which mine
to blow up first. Then he told them what they were
to do to ^' Old Hunter," and it was clear from the
faces and the muttering of the listeners that they
were ready to do these things.
Captain Bill worked his way through the crowd
until he was close to the speaker's log. When the
agitator reached what seemed a good stopping place,
the Eanger Captain suddenly stepped up beside
him. The speaker stopped dead still, in his surprise.
It was Captain Bill's turn.
'' Men," he said, '' this rascal that has been talk-
ing to you is an enemy to you and to the country.
He's trying to get you to commit murder, and to
get you sent to the penitentiary, or hung. You can
quit work, but you can't kill people and destroy
property, not in this State. These walking delegates
and leaders that are telling you to do these things
are just a sorry lot of damned scoundrels, and I'm
going to put them where they belong, and where
they're trying to get you. I'm Captain of Company
B, Eanger Service, and I'm here alone, but I'll have
my men here, if I need them, and I'll hang just such
fellows as this man — "
Captain Bill turned to indicate his selected victim,
but he was no longer there. He had melted into the
crowd, and was seen no more. . A man from the
Captain Bill as a Peacemaker 219
assembly came up and urged the Ranger Captain to
desist — warning him that there were desperate men
there, and that he would be killed.
*^ Don't mind me/' Captain Bill proceeded,
** that's been tried on me more than once without
much success. You see I'm here yet — spared, I
reckon, to give you some good advice. Now, you
men had better take it and give up these meetings,
and if you've got to jump onto anybody, jump onto
the fellows that's trying to get you into trouble.
Good-night! "
Captain Bill walked back to Thurber and next
morning a messenger came to his room to tell him
that there was a big crowd outside, hunting for him.
He rose and dressed, and taking his Winchester
went out to see what was going on. When he ap-
peared he was waited on by some miners who wanted
him to talk a little more to the men. He was told
that a number of them had decided to go to work
and wanted to know what kind of protection they
would have. Captain Bill assured them of protec-
tion and fair treatment. Then he asked where their
leaders had gone — the men who had been urging
them to do murder. But they could not tell. Those
ill-advisers had vanished over night. Within a brief
time the men were 'nearly all back at work, doing
better than ever before.
At other points McDonald or his Rangers quieted
the strikers and prevented trouble of various kinds.
Usually Captain Bill went alone. It was his favorite
220 Captain Bill McDonald
way of handling mob disorders, as we have seen.
It is told of him in Dallas how once he came to that
city in response to a dispatch for a company of
Eangers, this time to put down an impending prize-
fight.
'^ Where are the others? " asked the disap-
pointed Mayor, who met him at the depot.
* * Hell ! aint I enough 1 ' ' was the response,
** there's only one prize-fight! ''
XXIX
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang
the murder society of san saba and what hap-
pened to it after the rangers arrived
But the San Saba affair was a different matter.
It was in 1897 that certain citizens of San Saba
County petitioned the Governor to send Rangers to
investigate the numerous murders which had been
committed in that locality — the number of assassina-
tions then aggregating forty-three within a period
of ten years.
In fact, San Saba and the country lying adjacent
was absolutely controlled at that time by what was
nothing less than a murder society. San Saba
County, situated about the center of the State, lies
on the border of the great south-west wilderness,
and is crossed by no railroad. In an earlier day a
sort of Vigilance Committee or mob had been or-
ganized to deal with lawless characters, but in the
course of time the usual thing happened and the
committee itself became the chief menace of the
community. Whatever worthy members it had
originally claimed, either dropped out or were ** re-
moved,'* and were replaced by men who had a
private grudge against a neighbor; or desired his
property; or were fond of murder on general prin-
222 Captain Bill McDonald
ciples. In time this deadly organization became not
only a social but a political factor, and as such had
gathered into its gruesome membership — active and
honorary — county officials ranging from the deputy
constabulary to occupants of the judicial bench.
Indeed, it seemed that a majority of the citizens of
San Saba were associated together for the purpose
^of getting rid — either by assassination or intimida-
tion— of the worthier element of the community.
This society of death was well organized. It had
an active membership of about three hundred, with
obligations rigid and severe. Their meeting place
was a small natural pool of water, almost sur-
rounded by hills. It bore the curiously appropriate
name of '' Buzzard's Water Hole," and here the
Worthy Order of Assassins assembled once a month,
usually during full moon, to transact general busi-
ness and to formulate plans for the removal of of-
fending or superfluous friends. Sentinels were
posted during such gatherings, and there were pass-
words and signs. These were forms preserved
from the original organization; hardly necessary
now it would seem, since the majority of the inhabi-
tants were in sympathy with the mob, while those
who were not could hardly have been dragged to
that ghastly spot. They preserved other things —
they kept up the semblance of being inspired by lofty
motives, and they maintained the forms that go with
religious undertakings; wherefore, being duly as-
sembled to plot murder, they still opened their meet-
ings with prayer!
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang 223
After which, the real business came up for transac-
tion. Members in good standing would make known
their desires, setting forth reasons why citizens in
various walks of life were better dead, and the cases
were considered, and the decrees passed accordingly.
Sometimes when a man's offense was only that he
owned a piece of desirable real estate, a resolution
was passed that a committee of fifty should wait on
that citizen and give him from three to five days to
emigrate, this to be supplemented by a second com-
mittee of one whose duty it would be to call next day
and make the said undesirable citizen a modest, not
to say decent, offer for his holdings. It was not in
human nature to resist a temptation like that. The
man would be likely to go. He would accept that
offer, whatever it was, and he would get out of there
before night. The organization acquired a good
deal of choice property by this plan. When an elec-
tion was coming on, the society decided who was to
be chosen for office, and who for assassination, and
committees were likewise appointed to see that all
was duly performed. It was a remarkable society,
when you come to think about it — a good deal like
Tammany Hall, only more fatal.
To break up the Buzzard's Water Hole roost, and
to discourage its practices in and around San Saba,
was the job cut out for Bill McDonald and his
Rangers during the summer and fall of 1897.
Captain McDonald began the work by sending
over three of his men — John Sullivan, Dud Barker
224 Captain Bill McDonald
and Edgar Neil — to investigate. There was plenty
of trail and the Kangers ran onto it everywhere.
It wound in and out in a hundred directions, and
gathered in a regular knot around the seat of justice.
Perhaps there were town and county officials who
were not in the toils of the deadly membership, but
if so they were not discoverable. Sullivan promptly
got into trouble with the sheriff by re- jailing a man
whom he found outside, holding a reception with his
friends, when the State had paid a reward for his
capture. Sullivan and the sheriff both drew guns,
but were kept apart, and the District Judge, who
seemed to have been a sort of honorary ^^ Buzzard,"
holding his office by virtue of society favor, under-
took to get rid of Sullivan by sending him a long way
off, after some witness supposed to be wanted;
though why they should want any witness, in a court
like that, would be hard to guess.
Captain Bill himself now came down to look over
the field. He had his hands full from the start.
When he arrived, Eangers Barker and Neil were
patrolling the town with guns, while a number of
citizens similarly armed were collected about the
streets.
'' Hello, Dud," he said, *' are you-all going to
war? "
'' Looks like it. Cap," returned Barker.
Captain Bill looked over at the armed citizens,
and raised his voice loud enought for them to hear.
'' Well, Dud, if that's the best they can do," he
said, '' we can lick 'em. can't we? "
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang 225
*' Yes, sir, if you say so, Cap/^
The armed citizens showed a reluctance in the
matter of hostilities and began to edge away. Mc-
Donald now got his mail and reviewed the situation,
for prior to his coming he had scarcely known what
the trouble in San Saba was all about. By and by
he went to his hotel. It was about ten o ^clock and he
was sitting out in front, when he saw flashes and
heard shots across the public square. The mob was
shooting up the town for his benefit. Captain Bill
seized his gun and went up there. The main dis-
turbance seemed to be in and about a saloon. The
Eanger Captain pushed into the place alone, com-
pelled every man of the assembly to put up his hands
and allow himself to be disarmed. He then re-
quired them to appear for examination, next morn-
ing. They did appear, and were discharged, of
course, but, nevertheless, it was evident that a man
who would not be scared and who was not afraid to
do things, was among them. Members of the society
felt a chill of uneasiness. Worthy citizens, hereto-
fore silent through fear of their lives and property,
began to take heart.
McDonald now interviewed the sheriff and county
officials in general and delivered his opinion of them,
individually and collectively, concluding with the
statement that he would bring Sullivan back as soon
as a message and steam would get him. The sheriff
replied that Sullivan and he could not stay in the
same town.
*' Then move,'' said Captain Bill. ^' The county
226 Captain Bill McDonald
will be rid of one damned rascal. It will be rid of
more before I get through here/'
Captain Bill went to Austin, himself, after Sul-
livan, so that there might be no mistake about his
coming. He presented the case to Governor Cul-
berson and got his sanction, then sent word to his
men at San Saba to meet them, and he arrived with
Sullivan, promptly on time. He had expected that
there would be a demonstration by the sheriff and
his friends, instead of which the streets of the little
town were deserted. Perhaps the sheriff and his
party had given out that war was imminent and this
was the result.
It was clear now that to obtain evidence and con-
victions under such conditions as they prevailed in
San Saba was going to be a long, slow job. "With
officials incriminated and good citizens intimidated;
with witnesses ready to come forward and swear
) anything in defense of the murderers, knowing they
would be upheld in their perjury, the securing of
good testimony and subsequent justice would be dif-
ficult.
The Eangers went into camp in a picturesque spot
on the banks of the San Saba River, a mile from
town; pitched their tents under the shelter of some
immense pecan trees; arranged their *^ chuck
boards,'' staked their horses and made themselves
generally comfortable. Then they posted sentinels
(for a fusillade from the society was likely to come
at any time), and settled down to business. Evi-
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang 227
dently they had come to stay. The society post-
poned its meetings.
Captain Bill now began doing quiet detective
work, a labor for which he has a natural aptitude;
anybody can see from the shape of his ears and
nose, and from the ferret look of his eyes that this
would be so. Good citizens took further courage and
came to the camp with information. The Eanger
Captain looked over the field and undertook a case
particularly coldblooded and desperate.
A man named Brown, one of the society's early
victims, had been hanged by that mob some ten or
twelve years before, and his son Jim, though he had
never attempted to avenge his father's death, had
fallen under the ban. Jim Brown never even made
any threats, but he must have been regarded as a
menace, for one Sunday night while riding from
church with his wife and her brother, he was shot
dead from ambush; his wife, whose horse became
frightened and ran within range, also receiving a
painful wound.
Captain Bill secured information which convinced
him that one Bill Ogle had been the chief instigator
in this crime, and that the father and brother of
Brown's wife were likewise members of the society
and concerned in the plot. He learned, in fact, that
the plan had been for Mrs. Brown's brother to ride
with her, and for her father, Jeff McCarthy, to
carry her baby by a different route to keep it out of
danger. The brother, Jim McCarthy, was to stay
228 Captain Bill McDonald
close to his sister, to look after her horse and keep
her out of harm's way while her husband was being
murdered. It was due to the fact that Jim Mc-
Carthy did not perform his work well, that the sister
was wounded. McDonald in due course uncovered
the whole dastardly plot.
The murderers now realized that trouble was in
store for them. Some of the men began quietly to
leave the country. Others consulted together in
secluded places and plotted to ^ ^ kill Bill McDonald. ' '
Sympathizing citizens encouraged this movement,
and anonymous warnings — always the first resort
of frightened criminals — began to arrive in the
Kanger camp. Captain Bill paid no attention to such
communications; he was used to them. He went
on gathering and solidifying his evidence, prepara-
tory to the arrest of Ogle and such of his associates
as the proofs would warrant. Ogle, the ^^ tiger '*
of the society, as he was considered, McDonald had
not yet seen, for the reason that the tiger did not
live in the town, and for some cause had lately
avoided those precincts. He arrived, however, in
due season. Perhaps the brotherhood let him know
that it was time he was taking a hand in the game.
Captain McDonald, one hot afternoon, was talking
to an acquaintance on the streets of San Saba, when
he noticed a stout surly-looking man, with the vil-
lage constable, not far away. Now and then they
looked and nodded in his direction and presently an
uncomplimentary name drifted to his ear.
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang 229
** Who is that fellow talking to that sorry con-
stable? '* he asked.
His companion lowered his voice to a discreet
whisper.
'' That is Bill Ogle,'' he said, '' the worst man of
the murder mob. ' '
Captain Bill looked pleased.
* * Good-by, ' ' he nodded, * * I want to see Bill Ogle. ' '
He stepped briskly in the direction of the two men
who, seeing him approach, separated and loafed off
in different directions. Captain Bill overhauled the
constable.
*^ See here,'' he said composedly, ** I heard you
call me a name a while ago when you were talking
to that murderer, Bill Ogle, who is going down the
street yonder. Now, an officer that throws in with
a murder mob, ain't worth what it would cost to try,
and hang, and if I hear any more names out of you
I'll save this country the expense of one rope,
anyway. ' '
The constable attempted to mutter some denial.
Captain Bill left him abruptly with only a parting
word of advice and set off down the street after
Ogle. Ogle had crossed the street and passed
through the court-house to a hardware store on the
other side — where a number of his friends had col-
lected.
** Don't go over there. Captain," cautioned his
friend, ^* you'll be killed, sure."
** Well, I'll go over and see," Captain Bill replied
230 Captain Bill McDonald
quaintly, continuing straight toward the mob store.
As he entered there was a little stir, then silence.
Evidently those present had not expected that he
would walk straight among them. Here he was —
they could kill him and put an end to all this trouble
in short order. But somehow they didn't do it.
There seemed no good moment to begin. Captain
Bill walked over and faced Ogle.
^ * Come outside, ' * he said quietly, * ' I want to talk
to you. ' '
Ogle hesitated.
** What do you want to say? '' he asked sullenly.
Captain Bill laid his hand on Ogle's shoulder.
^^ I want to say some things that you might not
want your friends to hear,'' he said — and a quaver
in his voice then would have been death — ^^ Come
outside! " t
He applied a firm pressure to Ogle's shoulder and
steered him for the door. The others, as silent as
death, made no move. They did not offer to inter-
fere— they did not attempt to shoot. They simply
looked on, wondering.
Outside, Captain Bill led Ogle to the middle of the
street. It was blazing hot and the sand burned
through his boots, but he could talk to Ogle out there
and keep an eye on the others, too.
* ^ Now, Bill Ogle, ' ' he said, in his deliberate calm
way — ^ ^ I know all about you. I know how you and
your outfit murdered Jim Brown — just how you
planned it, and how you did it. I've got all the
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang 231
proof and I 'm going to hang you if there is any law
in this country to hang a man for a foul murder like
that. That^s what I'm here for, and I am not afraid
of you, nor of any of the men over there in that store
that heli)ed you do your killing. You are all a lot
of cowardly murderers that only shoot defenseless
men from ambush, and I'm going to stay here until
I break up your gang if I have to put you every one
on the gallows or behind the bars, and I'm going to
begin with you. ' '
As Captain Bill talked the sweat began to pour off
of Ogle and his knees seemed to weaken. Presently
they could no longer support his stout body and he
sat heavily down in the hot sand, trying weakly to
make some defense.
** Get up," said Captain Bill, ** haven't you got
your gun? "
'* No, sir, Captain, I haven't."
** Well, you'd better get one if you're going to go
hunting for me. And there's the m^n over there
who helped you kill Jim Brown, and your Greaser-
lookin' constable and your sorry sheriff. Get your
whole crowd together, and get ready and then I'll
gather in the whole bunch. Go on, now, and see what
you can do. "
'* Yes, sir. Captain."
Ogle made several attempts to get on his feet,
finally succeeded, and went back to his friends. Cap-
tain Bill immediately set about getting out a war-
rant for his arrest, but after some delay, found he
232 Captain Bill McDonald
could not get the papers until next morning. Ogle,
meantime, had been to his friend, the District Judge,
who now appeared before the Eanger Captain with
the statement that Ogle, whom he believed to be a
square man, had said he wanted to leave the country
for fear McDonald would kill him; McDonald, he
said, having the reputation of being a killer and a
^ bad man generally.
** Yes, Judge,'' said Captain Bill, ^^ that's the
proper reputation to give me, so that some of your
crowd of murderers can assassinate me and your
court can deliver a verdict that I was a bad citizen
and ought to have been killed sooner, the way you 've
done about all the rest of the forty-three that have
been murdered and no one tried for it in this section.
Now, I intend to see that he don't leave this country,
unless he leaves it in shackles. He committed this
murder, and I can prove it. I've got one of the
members of the mob as a witness."
^^ You will stir up old trouble and get things in
worse shape than ever, ' ' protested the judge.
^^ If I can't get things in better shape, I'll lay
down my hand," said McDonald.
A little later, on the street, Captain Bill saw Ogle
approaching. He was armed this time — with a big
watermelon. He approached humbly.
*^ Captain," he said, *^ you've done me a great
wrong, and I want you to accept this watermelon."
Captain Bill did not know whether to laugh or to
swear. Presently he said :
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang 233
'* You scoundrel! I suppose that thing is poi-
soned. I believe I'll make you eat it, rind and all.*'
Ogle backed away with his melon and presently
set out for home. Fearing now that he would escape
before the warrant could be issued, Captain Mc-
Donald instructed Rangers McCauley, Barker, Neil
and Bell, members of his camp, to keep watch, and
if Ogle attempted to leave the county to hold him
until he (McDonald) could arrive with the proper
papers. These were obtained next morning, about
ten 0 'clock, and Captain Bill starting out with them,
met his Rangers with Ogle, who had, in fact, at-
tempted to escape. He was taken to jail and a strong
guard was set.
Consternation now prevailed among the society
and its friends ; in the cowboy term they were * * mill-
ing.'* Members of the mob were to turn State's
evidence ; one Josh McCormick, who had been made
a member by compulsion — ^having run into one of
their meetings — had been brought from an adjoin-
ing county and would testify; a grand jury com-
posed of exemplary citizens had been secured.
And that was not all. Captain Bill one day went
to the District Judge, ostensibly for advice.
** Judge," he said, *^ I want some legal informa-
tion."
The judge was attentive, and took him to a quiet
place.
** Now, Judge," said Captain Bill, ** you know
that the Buzzard Water Hole mob holds its meetings
234 Captain Bill McDonald
over there once a month, and the monthly meeting
is about due. You know that they meet there to
decide to kill somebody or to run him out of the
country and take his property, and that they've al-
ready done such deviltry as that here for years/'
The judge assented uneasily.
'* Well, then," continued the Eanger Captain, ^^ I
want to know if it will be all right for me to charge
in there on that meeting with my RangjBrs and kill
any of them that might make any resistance, and
round up the rest and drive them into town and put
them in jail — just drive them afoot like a lot of
cattle and let their horses be sent for, later; would
that be all right. Judge? ''
The District Judge was a good deal disturbed.
*' No, Captain,'' he said, ** I don't think you'd
better undertake that, I should advise against such
a move."
** Well, Judge," said Captain Bill, *' that's exactly
what I propose to do. I'll take chances on the
results and I'll bring in the prettiest bunch of mur-
derers you'll find anywhere. Good-day, Judge, and
thank you for the advice."
However, this program was not carried out — not
in full. There was no material with which to make
it complete. Within a brief time from his talk
with the District Judge, Captain Bill's purpose was
known to every member of the mob. It was a time
to take to tall timber and high trees. The society
adjourned sine die.
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang 235
The Eangers did, however, visit the Buzzard's
Water Hole at the time when the mob meeting was
due. Not a soul was to be found anywhere. Then
knowing certain members of the gang, and having
learned the society signals, Captain Bill and his
men went riding over the country from house to
house, halting outside to call * * Hello ! Hello !
Hello! " which was a signal call between members
of the society. In reply to each such call a door
opened and a man came out quickly, only to find
the Rangers, who inquired if he were going to attend
the meeting at Buzzard's Water Hole; whereupon,
as Captain Bill put it later, ** they like to died,"
and vigorously pretended ignorance of the meaning
of the * * Hello ' ' signal. Next morning the Rangers
were back in San Saba, and when the news came in
that they had been around calling on mob members
there was not only anxiety, but mystery, for some
of these members of the society lived a distance of
twenty-five miles away. But a fifty or seventy-five
mile ride in a night on an errand of that kind was
merely a little diversion, to a Ranger.
The grand jury's work was difficult. It found in-
dictments against many of the assassins, but the
district judge made an effort to annul most of these
actions on one ground and another, and to trump up
charges against the Rangers. McDonald finally
gave this official a lecture which he probably remem-
bers yet, if he is alive. About the same time one of
the gang leveled a Winchester at Ranger Barker,
236 Captain Bill McDonald
wlio with Ms revolver shot him five times before he
could pull the trigger, and was promptly cleared—
all of which had a wholesome effect on the community
as a whole.
With the arrest of Ogle, the anonymous letters
became very terrible indeed. Captain Bill had
brought his wife to the San Saba camp for the
winter, and one morning appeared before her with
one of these letters in his hand.
'* Well, IVe got to leave San Saba,*' he said.
'* Why,'' she asked. '* Has the Governor ordered
you away? "
" No, the Governor hasn't, but read this."
He handed her the letter which informed him that
if he did not leave San Saba in two days he would
be filled so full of lead that it would require a freight
train to haul him to the graveyard. Ehoda Mc-
Donald read the communication through. Then she
said:
'* Bill Jess, if you leave here on account of a
thing like that, Pll leave you.^^
*' Well," said Captain Bill, sorrowfully, ^* I seem
to be in a mighty bad fix. If I stay, I'll be filled with
bullets, and if I go, I'll lose my wife. I s'pose I'll
have to stay."
The examining trial of Bill Ogle was an event
in San Saba. Josh McCormick was chief witness
for the State, and was a badly scared man, in spite
of the fact that the Eangers had taken him to their
camp and guaranteed him protection from the mem-
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang 237
bers of the Buzzard's Water Hole crowd. Other
witnesses on both sides were frightened enough, for
nobody knew what might happen before this thing
ended. It was the program of the mob forces, of
which Ogle and his lawyers were the acting prin-
cipals, to impeach the State's witnesses and thus
break down their evidence before the court, as was
their custom. Unfortunately for them they selected
as one of their perjurers old Jeff McCarthy, father
of Brown's wife, himself accessory to the crime for
which Ogle was being tried. Captain Bill knew of
McCarthy's relation to the affair, though the evi-
dence had not been sufficient for his indictment.
Furthermore, Captain Bill believed that the old man,
like McCormick, whose uncle he was, had been forced
into the band, and had acted under compulsion
throughout.
McCormick was placed on the stand, and told
what he knew about the society and its crimes in
general, and about the killing of Jim Brown in par-
ticular. His absolute knowledge did not extend to
the connection of the two McCarthy's with the kill-
ing, and they were not mentioned in his evidence.
"When he left the stand, a number of nervous wit-
nesses were called by the other side to swear that
they would not believe him on oath. Finally old
Jeff McCarthy was. reached. He was frightened
and trembling and in a wretched state altogether.
Captain Bill watched him closely while he was mak-
ing his statement concerning the worthless character
238 Captain Bill McDonald
of his nephew, McCormick, and the old man shifted
and twisted to evade those eyes that were piercing
his very soul. Now and then the Eanger Captain
leaned toward him and lifted his finger like the index
of fate, prompting the District Attorney mean-
time as to what questions to put to the witness. The
old man became more and more confused and miser-
able, and when at last he was excused he tottered
from the stand. He lingered about the place, how-
ever, seemingly unable to leave, and by and by, when
court adjourned for the day, McDonald found him
just outside the door, with others of his kind.
*^ Jeff,'' Captain Bill said in his calm drawl, '* you
did not tell the truth on the stand ; you know every
word you said was a lie."
Old Jeff McCarthy gasped, tried to get his words,
gasped again and failed.
^^ I don't blame you so much," Captain Bill went
on, ^ ^ for you were afraid this mob would kill you if
you didn't testify according to orders — now, wasn't
you? "
Again the wretched old man made an effort to
reply, but he was past speech.
Captain Bill's finger was pinning him fast.
*^ They frightened you and made you join their
gang, didn't they? And now you would like to get
out, but you don't know how — ain't that so? "
The old man was on the verge of utter collapse.
He backed off and slunk away. After that Old
Jeff haunted the Eanger Camp and finally when he
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang 239
could stand it no longer made full confession to
Captain Bill of his connection with the mob, reveal-
ing the mob's secrets, its signs and passwords, the
names of its members and its gruesome oath.
*^ They will kill me,'' he said, ^' but I don't care.
I'm happier now than I've been for years ! "
** I don't reckon they'll try that," said Captain
Bill. *^ That thing's about over, around here."
They formed a guard, and escorted the old man
home, for he was full of fear.
When the court of examination adjourned. Ogle
was held without bail. Through the efforts of Dis-
trict Attorney Lynden it was decided to transfer
Ogle's case to Llano County for final trial, Lynden
making his fight for this change on the grounds that
no fair trial could be obtained in the San Saba court.
In Llano County, Ogle 's case was fairly tried, and
he received a life sentence. Two accessories to the
killing of Brown, were arrested, but just then war
was declared with Spain; the Kangers were hastily
ordered off to protect the Rio Grande frontier, where
a Mexican incursion was expected, and without
Captain Bill to keep up the vigorous action, and a
sharp oversight on the witness stand, convictions
were not obtainable.
However, the San Saba campaign was a success.
The society that murdered men for spite, or gain,
or pastime, no longer existed. When the next elec-
tion of county officials came around the old lot was
wiped out clean, and men of character and probity
240 Captain Bill McDonald
came into power. The roads that led to the Bad
Lands were kept dusty with the emigration of men
who had formerly gathered at Buzzard's Water
Hole, and in their stead came those who would give
to San Saba nobler enterprise and worthier fame.
Eight Eangers were among the new blood that came
to rehabilitate San Saba County. That long winter
of '97-98 had not been altogether spent in chasing
criminals. These eight had found wives, or rumors
of wives ; in due time they were all married, and with
eight established resident Eangers, how could any
county help becoming as serene and safe as a Sun-
day-school 1 Eanger Edgar Neil was elected sheriff ;
Ollie Perry was chosen constable ; Dud Barker, Ed.
Donnelly, Forest Edwards and Bob McClure also
settled in San Saba, and caused Company B to go
recruiting for Eangers.
Bill Ogle is still in the Penitentiary at Huntsville,
Texas. As late as May, 1908, he wrote to Captain
McDonald as follows :
'' Huntsville, Texas, 5/21/08.
'' Capt. W. J. McDonald,
** Austin, Texas.
** Dear Sir:
*^ It has come to my ears from some of my friends,
who have recently visited Austin in my behalf, that
you are bitterly opposed to my being released from
the Penitentiary. I regret very much that you are
taking this stand against me. My friends also told
me that one of your reasons of being in opposition
to my release was, that you had fears of your own
life, should I be pardoned.
The Buzzard's Water Hole Gang 241
** Capt. McDonald, I want to assure you that I
have no feeling of bitterness against you, and you
may rest assured, that I would never harm you in
the least or try to injure you in any way, should I
regain my liberty. I feel that in doing what you
did, you were doing your duty as an officer.
** My conduct in the Penitentiary ought to be a
guarantee to you of my intention to lead a correct
life, when I get out, and I feel, that if you will in-
vestigate my standing here, and find out what the
officers here think about me, you will be convinced
of this.
* * I trust that you will reconsider this matter, and
soften your heart in my case, and you may rest as-
sured, that I will appreciate anything you will do
for me as long as life shall last.
** I would be pleased to hear from you, and I hope
that you will give me some little encouragement.
* * Thanking you in advance for anything you may
say or do for me, I am,
*' Yours respectfully,
'' Will Ogle.''
Captain McDonald's reply to Ogle's letter was, in
part, as follows:
** Austin, Texas, June 4, 1908.
'' Mr. Bill Ogle,
** Huntsville, Penitentiary.
'' Dear Sir:
** Your letter of the 21st inst. received, and con-
tents duly and carefully noted.
** I note what you say in regard to what your
friends say about my opposing your pardon, claim-
ing that in case of your release I had fears of my
242 Captain Bill McDonald
own life. Now, Bill, . . . my advice to you is to
make a clear truthful statement, giving all the facts
connected with numerous murders committed by this
mob, and thereby secure your liberty.
^' You know Pm not in the Ranger service now,
and it makes no difference to me who is released, and
I so notified the Board of Pardons.
*^ You say you have no feeling of bitterness
against me, and that you would not attempt to harm
me. You can rest assured that I have no fears in
that line. I only did my duty as an ofificer, as you
say I did, and I have no animosity against you ; and
would not have gone before the Board of Pardons,
had I not been sent for.
^* I understand your conduct has been all right
while in jail, and in the Penitentiary, and I am sorry
that your conduct wasn't better before you got into
that mob, because you know that was an awful thing.
Now, don't you?
^ ^ You asked me to consider this matter, and that
you will appreciate it as long as life shall last. I
certainly will not utter any protest, unless the
Governor asks me what I know about it, and I'll
then tell the truth about it.
<« Very respectfully,
W. J. McDoi^ALD."
"What Captain Bill had said before the Board of
Pardons was :
*' I don't know the gentleman that is presenting
this petition and making this talk to you, but I do
know the names of a good many of those signers,
and I know Bill Ogle is guilty of this murder, and I
know that a good many of these other fellows ought
to be where Bill is now. ' '
XXX
Quieting a Texas Feud
the reece-townsend trouble, and how the factions
were once dismissed by captain mc donald
As the old century drew near its end, a wave of
disorder and crime that amounted to an inundation
swept over the eastern and south-eastern portion of
Texas. Murders, lynchings, mobs and rumors of
mobs, were reported daily. The Pan-handle, even
in its palmiest days, had been a Young Men's Chris-
tian Association as compared with the older, more
thickly settled portions of the State. In the Pan-
handle, crime was likely to be of a primitive, ele-
mental kind — the sort of crime that flourished in the
old, old days when the Patriarchs pastured their
flocks on a hundred hills and protected them with a
club.
In the long-settled districts to the eastward, crime
had ripened, as it were, and manifested itself in
more finished forms. Feuds had developed, and
race prejudice. Communities had been established
which found it necessary to hang their only respect-
able citizens in order to preserve peace. In other
places old ladies, supposed to have a few hundred
dollars, were murdered by relatives who could not
wait for them to die. These are the things that come
244 Captain Bill McDonald
only with long settlement, and where certain human
impulses have been carefully bred and nourished.
The Eeece-Townsend feud in Colorado County
gave the State no end of trouble. The Eeece and
Townsend families killed one another in the regula-
tion way, when good opportunities offered. They
had a fashion of gathering in the streets of Colum-
bus, the county seat, for their demonstrations, and
sometimes on a field-day like that they killed mem-
bers of other families, by mistake. But errors of
this sort were not allowed to interfere with the cen-
tral idea of the feud; they apologized and went on
killing one another, just the same.
It was when a boy who belonged to neither faction
was shot and killed, at one of these reunions, that
Captain Bill McDonald and his Eangers were
ordered to Columbus to put down what seemed
about to become a general war.
Captain Bill failed to receive the order in time to
get his men the same day, but did not wait. He
wired two to follow him on first train and set out
for Columbus alone. Arriving on the streets of
Columbus he saw detachments of armed men gath-
ered here and there — the streets being otherwise
deserted. He set out at once for the home of Dis-
trict Judge Kennon to whom he had been ordered
to report. After the exchange of greetings, Mc-
Donald said :
** We haven't much time, Judge, from appear-
Quieting a Texas Feud 245
ances. I saw a lot of armed men as I came along,
and it looks like we're going to have war.''
** You are right,'* Judge Kennon said, ** we are
expecting it any minute. Where are your men, and
how many have you ? ' '
** None, Judge. I came alone, but I expect two
in the morning."
** In the morning! ^Hiy, man, by that time the
fight will be over! And what can you do with two
men here? Nothing less than twenty-five or thirty
will help this case."
* ^ Judge, ' ' said Captain Bill, in his deliberate way,
** I believe I can stop this thing if you will come
down to the court-house with me. Anyhow, it's my
duty to try; and we'd better be getting over there,
now. Judge, for this ain't going to wait long. If we
can't stop it we can see a mighty good fight, any-
how. ' '
They set out together. The court-house in Colum-
bus stands in the middle of a big square, with a
street on each of its four sides. On one corner of
the square, was gathered the Reece faction, and near
another corner the Townsend crowd had assembled.
Both were fully armed. They were making no active
demonstrations as yet, but were evidently organiz-
ing for business. It was a still, sunny summer day,
and both crowds were in easy calling distance of the
court-house.
** Now, Judge," said Captain Bill, when they had
246 Captain Bill McDonald
arrived at the court-house, * * who is your sheriff, and
where is he. ' '
** His name is Burford, J. C. Burford, and he's
over there with the Townsend crowd. He belongs to
that faction/'
Captain Bill stepped to the window and called in
the strong official manner of a witness summons:
*^ J. C. Burford," repeated three times.
There was a movement in the Townsend crowd
and a man crossed over and ascended the court-house
stair. McDonald introduced himself, as the sheriff
entered, and added:
''' Now, Mr. Burford, why don't you stop this row?
Looks as if we 're going to have a killing match here,
right away. ' '
^^ Captain, I can't. I'm powerless to do anything
with these men. If I undertake to disarm them, it
will start a fight that nobody can stop. ' '
** Well, Burford, if you'll do as I tell you, I'll stop
it in thirty minutes or I'll resign my job as Eanger. ' '
** All right. Captain, I'll do whatever you say,"
assented Burford.
' '■ Then call your crowd over here. I want to talk
to them."
Sheriff Burford stepped to the window and signed
to the Townsend faction. They trooped over and
ascended the court-house stair, carrying their guns.
* ^ Mr. Burford, ' ' said McDonald, ' ' which are your
regular deputies here ? ' '
The sheriff indicated his three deputy officers.
Quieting a Texas Feud 247
Captain Bill motioned them to stand apart from the
others.
*' Now, Sheriff, '* he said, '* disarm the rest of
these men.''
The officer looked a little bewildered.
** I don't know about that/' he began.
* * Didn 't you agree to do what I ordered ? ' ' Then,
to Kennon— ^^ Didn't he, Judge? "
The judge nodded. The sheriff still hesitated.
** Never mind," said McDonald, ^* I'll do it my-
self. Here, boys," he went on in his mild friendly
drawl, ** come in here and stack your guns in
this wardrobe. It's a good safe place for them.
They won't be likely to go off and hurt anybody,
in there."
What was it about the manner of the man that
made men obey? Those aroused, bloodthirsty
Texans, full of an old deep hatred and the spirit of
revenge, marched in and put away their guns at his
direction, with scarcely a word of dissent.
* * I don 't blame you-all for having your guns until
now," Captain Bill went on, as he locked the ward-
robe and took the key. ** But we want to stop this
war if we can. It ain't good for the population.
Now, I'll just go over and look after the other
crowd. ' '
He went out of the court-house, and crossed the
street to where the Reece crowd was gathered. He
carried his Winchester and the faction watched him
curiously as he approached.
248 Captain Bill McDonald
** I guess you boys are going to war, ain't you? '*
he said cheerfully as he came nearer.
Nobody replied, and Captain Bill came up close.
'* Boys,'' he said, ** your guns are all right, up till
now, but the Governor has sent me down here to stop
this trouble, and I want you-all to help me."
'^ How can we help you? " asked one of the Eeece
faction.
^* Like them boys did over yonder, just now — ^by
giving up your guns. Then by going quietly home. ' '
There was a little murmur of dissent and one big
husky fellow said :
'* Well, you'll play hell getting my gun! "
In less than an instant, a Winchester was under
his nose and Captain Bill was crisply saying :
** I will, hey? Well I'll just put you in jail, any-
way, to show you how easy it is to do that. ' '
The big fellow gave a great jump and nearly fell
over with surprise and fright. His gun dropped as
if it had been hot. The leader of the Eeece faction
spoke up quickly.
*' Boys, he is right," he said. ** The Governor
sent him here, and he's obeying orders. He has no
interest in one side or the other."
McDonald marched the Eeeces over to a store,
nearby, where they laid down their guns, and the
clerk was ordered to take charge of them. The big
man under arrest promised all manner of things if
Captain Bill would let him go. He was set free, with
a warning. Peace now seemed to be restored, and
Quieting a Texas Feud 249
in the general gratitude of the community, refresh-
ments and invitations were tendered to Captain Bill
from both sides. He decided, however, to remain on
duty during the rest of the day and night. His two
men arrived next morning, but everything was still
quiet, and there appeared no sign of a renewal of
hostilities. The Reece-Townsend trouble, for the
time, at least, was over.*
* Report of Adjutant-General Thomas Scurry of Texas (1899):
" During the month of March, 1899, Captam McDonald and two men
were ordered to Columbus, Colorado County, for the purpose of pre-
venting trouble between the Townsend and Reece factions. Captain
McDonald went alone, his men not being able to reach him in time, and
his courage and cool behavior prevented a conflict between the two fac-
tions." For fuller official details of this and other work of that period,
see Appendix B.
XXXI
The Teans-cedae Mysteky
the lynching of the humpheeys and what hap-
pened to the lynchees
Captain McDonald was still at Columbus when he
received a telegram ordering him to report at once
to Assistant Attorney General Morris and the local
officials at Athens, Henderson County, Texas, for
the purpose of investigating the lynching of three
respectable citizens — a father and two sons, named
Humphrey — in a timbered tract between Trinity
Eiver and Cedar Creek, known as the Trans-cedar
Bottoms.
Henderson County is in East Texas, and the
Trans-cedar Bottoms constitute just the locality and
neighborhood for a murder of the Humphrey kind.
Shut-in, thickly timbered and lonely — ^it is a place
for low morals to become lower with each generation
— for scant intellect to become scantier — for dark-
ened minds to become darker and more impervious
to pity, indeed to any human impulse except crime.
The Humphreys had not fitted an environment
like that. They were honest, sturdy men — fearless
and open in their dealings. They were a menace to
a gang who made moonshine whisky, stole whatever
The Trans-cedar Mystery 251
they could lay hands on and would swear a man's
life away for a lean hog. It was necessary for the
welfare of the neighborhood that the Humphreys
be disposed of, and they were taken by a mob one
night and hanged — three of them to one tree — they
having been placed upon horses and the horses
driven from under them. Then, when the ropes had
proven too long, and the feet of the three Humphreys
had touched the ground, the mob had bent back the
legs of the victims at the knee and tied the feet up-
ward to the hands, so that the Humphreys might
swing clear.
Bill McDonald knew something of the Trans-
cedar country, and the character of its settlement,
for, as we have seen in a former chapter, he had
passed his youth and his early manhood at Hender-
son and at Mineola, both within seventy-five miles
of that very district. He set out alone by first train,
and arriving at Athens, learned the details of the
ghastly crime which already, through the tele-
graphed reports, had stirred the entire State. He
learned that the lynching had taken place about
twenty-five miles from Athens, near a little post-
office named Aley, and he hurried to that place, with-
out delay, taking with him one Guy Green, an Athens
lawyer, familiar with the neighborhood. With
Green, the Ranger went straight to the scene of the
murder and made an examination of the tracks and
various clues that remained. Two days had passed
since the crime, and many of the signs had been
252 Captain Bill McDonald
obliterated. Still there were enough for a man with
the faculties of Captain Bill. He identified no less
than four trails — one, as he decided, made by five
horses; another by three; a third by two, and a
fourth the track of a single horse. The trails wound
in and out, crossed and recrossed, and were evi-
dently made with the idea of balking pursuit. Cap-
tain McDonald did not consider them especially
difficult, and having satisfied himself that they could
be followed, he went on to Aley, for it was near
night-fall.
At Aley he joined Assistant Attorney General Ned
Morris; District Attorney Jerry Crook; Tom Bell,
sheriff of Bell County, and Ben. E. Cabell, sheriff
of Dallas County, who had come over to aid the
investigation. He was assured that the work was
going to be hard — that the greater portion of the in-
habitants were either in sympathy with the lynchers
or were so much in terror of them that it would be
almost impossible to get direct evidence. Captain
Bill looked thoughtful as he listened.
** Well,'' he said, ^^ I'm going to stay here till I
get it, and I'm going after it just like I was going
for a doctor. You can give it out that I mean busi-
ness and that nobody need to be afraid to testify.
I '11 take care of them. ' '
He discussed the case with the officials and learned
that one Joe Wilkerson was suspected as having
been connected with the murder — it being well-
known that Wilkerson had pursued the Humphreys
The Trans-cedar Mystery 253
and bemeaned them ; finally accusing them of steal-
ing hogs, and swearing to some meat which the
Humphreys had earned by digging wells. In the
evidence it had developed that the Wilkerson hogs,
though mortgaged by him, had in reality been sold,
and that he had thus attempted to evade the con-
sequences of this illegal act by saddling the Hum-
phreys with a still heavier crime. The Humphreys
had not been convicted, but Wilkerson had never
ceased to vilify them. Later, one of the Humphrey
boys, George, had been set upon by some of the Wil-
kerson crowd and in defending himself had killed,
with a knife, one of his assailants. The courts —
there were honest courts in Athens — ^had cleared
him, but in the Trans-cedar tribunal he had been
doomed. These facts constituted about all the foun-
dation of known motive upon which McDonald would
have to build his evidence. It was while he was dis-
cussing these things with the attorneys on the night
of his arrival that a man rode up to the gate just
outside and called his name. Captain Bill rose, but
the others protested, declaring that it might be a plot
to shoot him in the dark. However, he went, six-
shooter in hand, and sticking it in the face of the
caller, demanded his business. The man protested
that he meant no harm, but had come from one Buck
Holley, who lived two. miles down the road and said
he knew Captain McDonald and wanted to see him.
The Ranger Captain reflected a minute.
** I don't know any Buck Holley/' he said. ** I
254 Captain Bill McDonald
knew a scoundrel by the name of Bill Holley some
years ago up in the Pan-handle, and if that is who it
is I don't want to see him. I judge you fellows have
got a gang down the road there to shoot me from
ambush. Who are you, anyway? ''
The man said his name was Monasco ; that he was
staying at Holley 's and that he had a brother named
Bill Monasco, in Amarillo.
*^ I know Bill Monasco," McDonald said, ^^ and
he has a brother that was sent to the penitentiary.
Is that you? "
The visitor acknowledged that he was the man —
that he had been recently released.
'' Well,'' said McDonald, '' that's about the kind
of a crowd that I would expect to find Bill Holley
running with, and you can tell this Buck Holley, as
you call him, that I suspect him of being connected
with this mob, and that I used to make him stand
hitched in the Pan-handle, and that I'm going to do
the same here. ' '
Monasco said '* good-night," and Captain Mc-
Donald never saw him again. Somewhat later, when
he met Bill Holley on the streets of Athens, he said :
** Look here. Bill, I'm afraid your partner, Mon-
asco, didn't tell you the message I sent the night I
came. I said I didn't know Buck Holley, but that
I knew a sorry bulldozing scoundrel by the name of
Bill Holley, and that 1 supposed he was down the
road there to take a shot at me from ambush. You
weren't in this lynching mob, I reckon, but they're
The Trans-cedar Mystery 255
your friends, and you'd help 'em if you could. Now,
Bill, youVe been courting a funeral a good while,
and if you try any of your nonsense here, you'll win
out.''
He searched Holley for weapons and relieved him
of a big pocket-knife, the bully protesting that he
was no longer a bad man. Captain Bill learned,
however, that he had recently whipped his wife,
taken her clothes and driven her away from home,
and later had attempted to kill her father for in-
terfering in her behalf.
The Ranger Captain was out early the morning
after his arrival in Aley, and on the trail. The
tracks of the five horses were followed to the houses
of Joe Wilkerson and his tenant, and to the homes
of John and Arthur Greenhaw. In Wilkerson 's lot
the officers found part of a well-rope, the remainder
of which had been cut away. It matched precisely
with the rope used to hang the Humphreys — the
freshly cut ends being the same on both. The
Wilkersons and one of the Greenhaws were taken
into custody forthwith, and other arrests followed,
as the criminals were tracked home.
But it was hard to get evidence. A few who were
anxious to testify, hesitated through fear. Others,
subpoenaed and examined, were evidently in sym-
pathy with the mob and withheld their knowledge
accordingly. Captain Bill had been reinforced by
Private Olds from Company C, and now began sys-
tematic investigation. He established his court of
256 Captain Bill McDonald
inquiry under a brush arbor — a framework of poles,
with brush a-top to keep out the sun — and there for
two months held high inquisition. It was a curious,
exclusive court. The Eanger Captain gave it out
that he would invite such attendance as he needed,
and that mere spectators would kindly remain away.
His wishes were heeded.
Little by little evidence collected. Men willing
to testify gained confidence from Captain Bill's
assurance of protection and told what they knew.
Men unwilling to testify found themselves unable to
hide their facts where they could not be reached
by the keen persuasive probing of the man with
those ferret eyes, that quiet voice and those alert
extended ears. The testimony brought out the
facts the Humphreys had known of an illicit still
run by two men — one Polk "Weeks and a man named
Johns. Also that they had known of John Greenhaw
stealing cattle and hogs, and that John Greenhaw
had once drawn a gun on the elder Humphrey, who
had taken it away from him, unloaded and returned
it, instead of killing him with it and rendering the
community a service. These things, added to the
other provocations already named, had made the
Humphreys sufiiciently unpopular in a neighborhood
like the Trans-cedar bottoms to warrant their being
hung to a limb, trussed up to swing clear of the
ground.
In the course of time, practically every resident
of that district had been before the brush-arbor
The Trans-cedar Mystery 257
court of inquiry, and if a shorthand report had been
taken of that testimony it would have furnished
material for many a character study and tale of
fiction.
Guilty knowledge of the crime actually killed a man
named Eli Sparks, whose conscience tortured him day
and night to the point of giving testimony, yet whose
fears upon the witness stand caused him to withhold
the truth. He was a large red-faced man, evidently
greatly excited when questioned, and concealing
more than he told. Soon after his first examination
he met Captain McDonald and offered to testify
again, saying that he had been too frightened to tell
the truth, the first time, but thought he could do
better, now. The Ranger Captain scrutinized him
keenly and made the prophecy that Eli Sparks would
not live thirty days, unless he got rid of the load on
his conscience. He died in just half that time ; not,
however, until he had fully confessed a complete
knowledge of the details of preparation for the
crime, and how once he had gone with the mob when
they had intended hanging the Humphreys, but for
some reason had postponed the event. The poor
wretch did not go the second time, but his guilt
nevertheless dragged him to the grave.
Another who came to the brush-arbor inquiry was
a banker who testified that the Humphreys had re-
ceived their just deserts for the reason that they
were thieves and should have been hung long before.
" How did you come to escape, then? ^' asked Mc-
258 Captain Bill McDonald
Donald. * * I understand that you were once indicted
for cattle-stealing yourself, and that you actually
got the cattle. Is that so ? ' '
Under severe pressure the witness admitted that
there had been such a charge and that the cattle had
by some means got into his possession. He got
away at last and disappeared out of the case en-
tirely, though he had been active up to that point.
The efforts of the men believed to be concerned
as principals in the crime, to establish their in-
nocence, were sometimes wary, sometimes crudely
absurd, and always fruitless. The mesh of fact that
was weaving and linking itself about them became
daily more tightly woven, more impossible to tear
away. Knowing themselves closely watched, they
dared not attempt flight. To do so would be to con-
fess guilty and capture would be well-nigh certain.
Like Ahab, having compassed the death of a neigh-
bor, they ^* lay in sackcloth and went softly. *'
Finally it came to pass that three of these ^^ chil-
dren of Belial " turned State's evidence — that is,
they confessed fully, sacrificing their comrades,
under the law, to save themselves. Eleven men, in-
eluding these three, were brought to trial.
Yet, conviction was not easy, in spite of the direct
character of the evidence. The accused men em-
ployed lawyers who were ready to balk at no methods
that would save their clients, and there were plenty
of witnesses willing to testify as instructed. Efforts
were also made to influence and coerce the State's
The Trans-cedar Mystery 259
witnesses, and McDonald found it necessary to
threaten certain counsel for the defense with subor-
nation proceedings, before he could get the way
clear for action. Even then it was thought advisable
to transfer the cases to Palestine, in the adjoining
county, for trial — sentiment in the neighborhood of
Athens being regarded as too favorable to the ac-
cused. In the final trial John and Arthur Greenhaw
and Polk Weeks, who were not only murderers, but
cowardly traitors, were given their freedom in ex-
change for their evidence that sent their eight
associates to the Penitentiary for life.
Polk Weeks, in giving his evidence, appeared much
disturbed, but confessed how he had climbed the tree
and tied the ropes, and tied them too long, making
it necessary for the legs of the Humphreys to be
bent upwards, to clear the ground. John Greenhaw
corroborated this, but grinned as he told it, remem-
bering how amusing it had been. He did not live
to enjoy his freedom, for he was shot soon after his
discharge by a son of one of the murdered Hum-
phreys— young Willie Humphrey, who was never
punished for that righteous act.*
* Extract from a letter relating to the Humphrey case, written by-
Assistant Attorney General N. B. Morris to Adjutant-General Thos.
Scurry; included in the latter's Annual Report for 1899-1900.
" You will remember that at the request of the sheriff, county attor-
ney, and other local authorities of that county, Captain McDonald and
Private Old were sent to assist them and myself in the investigation of
that horrible murder which was then enshrouded in a mystery that it
seemed almost impossible to uncover. Before the Rangers reached us
the people in the neighborhood seemed afraid to talk. They said they
XXXII
Othek Mobs and Eiots
bangers at orange and at port arthur. five
against four hundred
A RIOT at Orange, Texas, followed the Trans-
cedar episode. Orange is a lumber town on the
Sabine River in the extreme south-east portion of
Texas, and many negroes are employed in the saw-
mills. A white mob composed of the tougher ele-
ment in and about the city had organized, with the
purpose of driving the negroes away. The negroes
received anonymous warnings, and as they did not go
immediately, were assaulted. Some twenty or more
of the mob, one dark night, surrounded a house
where a number of the colored men were assembled
and opened fire, killing one man and wounding sev-
eral others. Ranger Captain Rogers of Company
E, with his men, was ordered to Orange, but soon
would be murdered, too, if they took a hand in working up the case.
About the first thing that Captain McDonald did was to assure the people
that he and his associates had come to stay until every murderer was ar-
rested and convicted, and that those who assisted him would be pro-
tected. They beheved him, and in consequence thereof, soon began to
talk and feel that the law would be vindicated, and I am glad to say that
it was. The work of the Rangers in this one case is worth more to the
State, in my opinion, than your department will cost during your admin-
istration. In fact such service cannot be valued in dollars and cents." *
* For further official details of this and other work of that period, see Appendix B.
Other Mobs and Riots 261
after his arrival, while making an arrest among des-
perate characters, was disabled through injury to an
old wound. Captain McDonald then came down from
Athens with Rangers Fuller, Jones, Old, McCauley,
Saxon and Bell. They lost no time in taking a firm
grip on the situation and landed twenty-one of the
offenders in jail, with evidence sufficient to convict.
But it was a hard profitless work. Whatever the
citizens might want, Orange officially did not care
for law and order. A gang controlled the law of the
community, and the order took care of itself.
Private Fuller found it necessary to kill one man
who interfered with an arrest and attempted to use
a knife. Later, Fuller was summoned to Orange,
ostensibly to answer to the charge of illegal arrest,
but in reality for purposes of revenge. Captain
McDonald protested to the Governor that it was
simply an excuse to get Fuller over there to kill
him.
It turned out accordingly: Fuller was washing
his face in a barber shop when the dead man's
brother slipped up behind and shot him through the
head with a Winchester, killing him instantly. The
assassin was made chief deputy sheriff, as a reward,
and in due time was himself killed by the city
marshal, who, in turn, was killed by the dead man's
family; which process of extermination has prob-
ably continued to this day, and perhaps Orange has
improved accordingly. There was room for im-
provement. The cases against the twenty-one men
262 Captain Bill McDonald
arrested by Captain Bill and his Rangers were all
dismissed, as soon as the Rangers got out of town.*
Port Arthur, also on the Sabine River, below
Orange, is a city of oil refineries, and is a port of
entry, as its name implies, its outlet being through
Sabine Pass. In March, 1902, trouble broke out
there between the longshoremen and the operators
of the refineries. As a result the longshoremen
struck, and when the operators introduced Mexican
laborers, the strikers, numbering about four hun-
dred, drove them away and issued a manifesto, de-
claring that no more Mexicans need apply.
It was at this stage of the proceedings that Cap-
tain Bill was ordered by Adjutant-General Scurry
to take several men and be on hand when the next
Mexicans arrived. He took four — Privates Grude
Brittain, Jim Keeton, John Blanton and Blaze
Delling — picked men — and arrived on the ground a
day in advance of the next hundred Mexicans, then
on the way.
The Rangers proceeded immediately to the re-
fineries, which are located several miles from the
city, and saw nothing of the longshoremen that day.
It was likely they would be on hand next morning
when the Mexicans would arrive. Threats had been
made that these Mexicans would not be allowed to
leave the train for the refineries, and that if any
such attempt was made, blood would flow.
* For official particulars concerning this incident and other work of
that period, see Appendix B.
Other Mobs and Riots 263
When the train pulled in next morning Captain
Bill and his men were on hand, fully expecting
trouble. Everything was quiet, and the Mexicans
were marched by the Rangers to the refineries and
went immediately to work. Then, there still being
no sign of interference, Captain Bill said :
** Well, boys, let's go down in town now and see
what's become of the mob."
The mob was not hard to find. It had assembled
on the street and was a good deal excited. Men
were talking, and gesticulating, and denouncing, in
words noisy and violent. As Captain Bill and his
men drew up, a voice loud enough for them to hear
said:
'^ There are them damned Eangers, now.''
The little company of five continued to advance
until within easy talking distance; then McDonald
said:
* * What are you men doing here, gathered in a
crowd this way, on the street? "
A longshoreman asked:
** Are you the Eangers? "
*' That's what we are," said Captain Bill.
** Come down to protect the Mexicans, I guess."
** That's what the Adjutant-General sent us for,"
returned Captain Bill pleasantly.
** Well, we're not going to let them work."
'* They're already working," smiled Captain Bill.
* ' How many men did you bring with you 1 ' ' asked
the leader of the rioters.
264 Captain Bill McDonald
'' Enough to whip this crowd, if a fight is what
you^re looking for," Captain Bill answered — still
pleasant.
'' Where are they? ''
*' Here," said Captain Bill, indicating his brigade
of four — ^five with himself.
* * Hell ! ' ' said the leader of the longshoremen,
*' there are four hundred of us."
*' Well, that makes it just about even," drawled
Captain Bill, more pleasant than ever, * * if you think
you want to fight, get at it ! "
The leader of the strikers looked at the little army
thoughtfully. Then he turned to the others.
'' Boys," he said, ^^ I think these Eangers are all
right. Let's all have a drink! "
The Eangers politely declined this invitation, but
continued on friendly terms with the strikers. There
was no further trouble, and a few days later Cap-
tain McDonald and one of his men left Port Arthur.
The remainder of his force stayed a few weeks
longer, but the war was over.
xxxin
Other Work in East Texas
districts which even a ranger finds hopeless. the
TOUCHSTONE MURDER. THE CONFESSION
OP AB ANGLE
It was only a short distance — as distances go in
Texas (only a hundred miles or so, in a south-
easterly direction) — from the Trans-cedar country,
made celebrated by the Humphrey lynching, to cer-
tain sections of Walker, Houston, Madison and
Trinity counties, where similar social conditions
have developed.
In KittrelPs Cut-off, for instance, and around
Groveton, there has developed a special talent for
assassination. Men walking along the road in day-
light are sometimes shot from behind. When it is
night-fall the assassin may lie in wait by the road-
side. If he gets the wrong man by mistake, it is no
difference — it keeps him in practice. Sometimes the
victim is called to his door at night and shot down
from the dark. These are a few of the methods for
removing individuals not favorably regarded by the
active set, and many other forms of murder are
adopted or invented for particular cases. Even
Captain Bill McDonald found these districts hope-
less as fields for reform, he said.
266 Captain Bill McDonald
** If a whole community has no nse for law and
order it's not worth while to try to enforce such
things. YouVe got to stand over a place like that
with a gun to make it behave, and when you catch
a man, no matter what the evidence is against him,
* they'll turn him loose. In Groveton, for instance,
when I was there they had only two law-respecting
officers — the district clerk and the county attorney,
* and the county attorney they killed. Good citizens
were so completely in the minority that they were
helpless. Kittrell 's Cut-off was probably one of the
most lawless places you could find anywhere, though
it was named after a judge. It's a strip cut off
of Houston and Trinity counties and added to
Walker, and its name is the only thing about it that
ever had anything to do with the law. Many mur-
ders have been committed there and no one ever
convicted for them, so far as I know."
Captain Bill was ordered to investigate a Kit-
trell's Cut-off murder during December, 1903. A
man had been assassinated from ambush, in the
fashion of that section, and such attempts as had been
made by the local authorities to uncover the mur-
derers had been without result. But such murders
had become so common there that the few respect-
able citizens of the locality had decided to appeal to
Governor Lanham for aid, and their plea asked es-
pecially for Captain McDonald.
McDonald went down; looked over the ground
and sent for one of his men. Blaze Delling, to assist
Other Work in East Texas 267
in handling the situation — the community being
simply infested with men of low, desperate natures.
Already the Ranger Captain had taken up the trail
and had arrested three men, and these were brought
for trial.
What was the use? Before the final trial, the
three principal witnesses suddenly sickened and
died ; the District Attorney found himself without a
case ; the prisoners were discharged.
It was about this time that County Attorney H.
L. Robb (himself a victim later), asked that Captain
McDonald be sent to Groveton in Trinity County to
unravel the mystery surrounding the murder of an
old lady, committed about a year before. Captain
Bill went reluctantly, for he was tired of that section
and cared not much for a ** cold '^ trail at best.
On arrival at Groveton, he learned the facts so
far as known. A feeble old lady named Touchstone,
living alone, had been murdered for a stocking full
of money supposed to be hidden somewhere on the
premises. She had only a life interest in the money,
anyway, but the heirs to her trifling hoard of prob-
ably not more than a few hundred dollars, had been
impatient and had frequently demanded their
shares. They were a devilish brood, but the old
lady did not seem to fear them and carried a stout
stick for defense. She had been found murdered,
one afternoon, her throat cut, and her body left
lying in the dooryard, where it had been mangled
by hogs. Naturally the relatives were suspected,
268 Captain Bill McDonald
but thus far no evidence had been found against
them.
There was evidence enough, however, for a man
who had eyes trained to follow clues and to dis-
tinguish signs. In a comparatively brief time, Cap-
tain McDonald felt warranted in causing the arrest
of one Ab Angle, and several others. Angle had
^ married a granddaughter of the murdered woman
and all were relatives. In the course of time, Angle's
heart failed him and he confessed the crime in full.
In his sworn statement, he said :
*^ We all talked the matter over about going and
robbing Mary Jane (Mrs. Touchstone) and Hill
Hutto said: * Let's have an understanding.' George
Angle, Wash and Joe Tullis, Hill Hutto and Mrs.
Tullis and myself (all relatives) were to meet over
at Mary Jane's to see where she kept the money, and
to get it. That was our intention — to get the money
on Saturday night. Hill Hutto was to be there when
we got there. It was just dark when we got started,
and we went through the fields in an easterly direc-
tion, in a trail through the woods.
^' The understanding was that Joe Tullis and I
were to do the watching, and Joe was on one end of
the gallery and I was on the other end — he being
told to watch the east end of the road, and I to
watch the west end. Hill Hutto was to be there,
talking to Mary Jane, while George Angle and Mrs.
Tullis were to go in at the front, and Wash was to
go in at the back of the house. She (Mrs. Touch-
stone) had some meal spread out on the floor to dry.
She was sitting down — I do not know on what — talk-
ing to Hill.
other Work in East Texas 269
** Mrs. Tullis said, * Mary Jane, we have come to
see whether you have that money yet, or not. ' Mary
Jane started to get up, but Hill Hutto, George
Angle, Wash Tullis and Mrs. Tullis grabbed her
and carried her out on the gallery and told me and
Joe to watch the road, good, and we told her (Mrs.
Tullis) we would, as far as we could see. She (Mrs.
Touchstone) started to holler, but Wash put a hand-
kerchief over her mouth. He had a white handker-
chief in his right coat-pocket. . . /'
The confession then relates how they put out the
fire (fearing its light) by throwing a bucket of water
on it and how they jerked off a bonnet which the old
lady had on. It proceeds :
'* They (her precious relatives) carried her to the
edge of the gallery and asked her to say where the
money was, and she said she did not have any, and
they pushed her off, and as they pushed her off, Hill
Hutto struck her with a stick. ' '
It was at this point probably that they cut their
victim's throat — a detail which Angle's confession
does not mention — through delicacy, perhaps. He
says:
* * They went out and examined her, going through
her clothes carefully, in search for her possessions.
Hill Hutto, Wash Tullis, George Angle and Mrs.
Tullis did the examining, and tliey got one-half and
one-quarter of a dollar. George Angle and Wash
Tullis spent the money. Hill Hutto, Wash Tullis,
George Angle and Mrs. Tullis looked over the house
and went through the trunks and the bed. If they
270 Captain Bill McDonald
got any money, I do not know of it. They came out
of the house and looked under the house to see if
they could find any dirt dug up, or any fresh signs,
but they could not find any, and we went out at the
west end of the gallery, and climbed over the fence
and took the trail through the fields and Hill went
the back way. . . /'
Many half -burnt matches were found under the
* house by Rangers McDonald and Belling to confirm
this statement. The confession proceeds :
*' The stick and the bucket were thrown out near
where she was. The stick was her walking-stick
and the bucket the one Wash put the fire out with.
Hill threw the stick out, and Wash threw out the
bucket. Hill said he would leave the bucket out
there and the people would think she just went out
to slop the hogs and fell out. It was understood that
night by all six of us that Wash and George would
come back and get the hogs in there, and that they
would dig a hole on the left of the gate as you go in. ' '
He details how Wash Tullis and George Angle
changed their shirts before breakfast — for the re-
moval of ghastly evidence, of course — and how after
breakfast they changed their trousers. He relates
how the hogs were to be ^ ^ tolled into the yard, ' ^ and
adds:
^^ The understanding was that we were to find her
by the buzzards, but Jim Ray found her before the
time. ' '
Now, it would be natural to suppose that a con-
fession like that would hang the confessor and his
Other Work in East Texas 271
confederates as high as Haman. It did nothing of
the sort. Angle's relatives prevailed upon him to
retract his confession, and under the law, as ad-
ministered in that district, they were all discharged
except Angle himself who was sentenced for three
years for having committed perjury hy swearing to
a confession which he subsequently declared a lie!
It is hardly to be wondered at that men like Bill
McDonald should lose interest in a neighborhood
where conditions like these exist. What use is it
to track and bring home criminals only to see them
go free, perhaps vowing vengeance against their
captors. A detective was assassinated in Groveton,
and Eanger Dunaway, on invitation of Attorney
Eobb, went over to look into the matter. On their
way to the court-house both Eobb and Dunaway
were fired upon from the window of a law office.
Dunaway was severely wounded, and Eobb, fatally
injured, lived but a short time.
It would be monotonous to detail the instances of
crime and of the captures made in the neighborhood
of Groveton, Madisonville and neighboring com-
munities; to record the careful and brave work of
Captain McDonald and his Eangers which led only
to failure in the end, through the lack of public and
official co-operation. When the men who administer
the law, and a controlling number of the citizens,
do not want justice, then perhaps it is just as well
that law abiding citizens should move away and let
the rest murder one another to their hearts ' content.
272 Captain Bill McDonald
A father and son waylaid and killed an old man
named Tummins in Madison County, and were ar-
rested single-handed by Captain Bill. The two were
discharged on the plea of self defense.
A young man by the name of Hunter Gibbs was
entrapped and assassinated near Madisonville, and
his murderers were traced home and arrested by Mc-
Donald and his Rangers. They were eventually
discharged.
A man named Wright Terry (this was in Grove-
ton) after killing an officer and a doctor and nearly
killing a drummer, was brought to book by Captain
Bill, and might have gone free like the others if he
hadn't good-naturedly agreed to plead guilty and
take a life sentence rather than discommode his
friends. But enough, let us turn to pleasanter
things.*
* For certain details of the Touchstone episode and other work of
this period, see Captain McDonald's report for two years ending August
31, 1904, Appendix C.
XXXIV
A Wolf-hunt with the Pbesident
CAPTAIN BILL SEES THE PRESIDENT THROUGH TEXAS AND
ACCOMPANIES HIM ON THE ^' BEST TIME OF HIS
LIFE." QUANAH PARKER TELLS STORIES
TO THE HUNTERS
It was early in April, 1905, that Governor Lan-
ham summoned Captain McDonald and informed
him that a wolf-hunt had been arranged for Presi-
dent Roosevelt, by these two big ranchmen, Tom
Waggoner and Burke Burnett, somewhere in their
pastures up in Comanche County, Oklahoma, and
that he, McDonald, was to accompany the President
as a special body-guard, particularly through the
State of Texas.
Captain Bill looked unhappy.
** Governor,'' he said, ** you know I'm a hell-
roarin' democrat, and don't care much for re-
publican presidents in general and this one in par-
ticular. I'd rather you picked another man for the
job."
** All the same. Captain, we've picked you, and
you'll have to serve, "said Lanham.
Captain Bill saluted.
** Just as you say. Governor," he said, ** only if
274 ' Captain Bill McDonald
Vd done the picking I'd picked a man that wanted
the job. There's enough of 'em."
Captain Bill proceeded to Fort Worth to join the
President's party. Col. Cecil Lyon introduced the
Eanger Captain to President Roosevelt, and Burke
Burnett, also present, said :
^* Now, Captain, you've got a very precious charge
— the President of the United States. He's in your
hands, don't let anything happen; don't let anybody
assassinate him. ' '
Captain Bill smiled, in his quaint fashion.
*' Burke," he said, pleasantly, '* if anybody gets
killed on this trip I'll be the man charged with it,
and the President of the United States won't be the
victim, either."
Without delay the President and party took the
Fort Worth and Denver train toward the Pan-
handle. Once inside, out of the throng and under
way President Roosevelt with his accustomed good-
nature and friendly fellowship promptly struck up
a conversation with his Master of Affairs.
*' Look here," he said, ^^ you were introduced to
me as Captain McDonald: you're not Captain Bill
McDonald of the Rangers, are you! "
Captain Bill nodded.
'* That's my name, Mr. President, " he said, '* I've
been captain of a company of Rangers for a long
time. ' '
** Is it possible? Well, I've heard a good deal
about you."
A Wolf-hunt with the President 275
Theodore Roosevelt has been accused of a good
many things, but no one ever accused him of not
being able to make friends, or to keep them.
Captain Bill smiled, as who wouldn't.
'' Why, Mr. President, '^ he said, '' I didn't think
you'd ever heard about the Eangers."
The President's teeth shone in an expansive ap-
preciation.
** Yes, indeed I have, and I've heard all about you.
I remember very well when you captured Kid Lewis
and his partner, Crawford, up here at Wichita Falls,
and kept the crowd from lynching them as long as
you stayed there."
After that, conversation was easy, and Captain
Bill's opinion of his distinguished guest improved
steadily. They discussed hunting, marksmanship,
the Rough Riders, the capture of bad men and all
the subjects of the strenuous life of the frontier.
With the President had come a body-guard of four
secret-service men, whose chief duty at this time
was to protect him from the crowds who pressed
upon him here and there when the train halted and
he went out, as he did .when there was time, to greet
the people and perhaps make a brief address. Cap-
tain Bill noticed that the secret-service men did not
seem quite equal to these occasions. Perhaps they
were not accustomed to handling the range-bred
enthusiasm of that elemental region. When the
presidential party pulled into Wichita Falls the plat-
form was thronged. The crowds made a rush as
276 Captain Bill McDonald
the train came to a standstill — trying to climb over
one another, it would seem — to get near the Presi-
dent. The secret-service men were helpless — they
pushed and protested, but accomplished little. Cap-
tain Bill stepped out on the platform. Hardly a
man in that crowd but recognized that lean weather-
beaten face, and that white hat. A good many re-
membered that picture from a night and a morning
nine years before when, at their jail, a lone Sanger
Captain had risen up in wrath and ruled the mob.
Some there remembered Bill McDonald a good deal
longer than that — for twenty years or more, when
he had found that place a lawless settlement on an
untamed frontier and brought order out of human
chaos and put a governor on the wheels of law.
When he spoke, now, they listened.
'^ Get out of the way, boys! Stay down there,
you fellows; don't crowd up here! '' he said, and a
sudden impulse of order was the result.
Now and then he added a word of caution, but it
was hardly needed. Captain Bill knew his crowd,
and the crowd knew Captain Bill. The President
observed and marveled. At Vernon there was an-
other crowd — rollicking and noisy — and again the
Eanger Captain held the disorder in hand. When
the train started once more President Eoosevelt said
to his body-guard of four :
^^ Boys, you ought to take a few pointers from
Captain McDonald in handling a crowd,'' and the
'* Boys " agreed to do it, knowing all the time, as
A Wolf-hunt with the President 277
everybody there knew, that it would need Captain
Bill's twenty years' special acquaintance with that
crowd to achieve his results.
At Vernon they took a train for Frederick — a
little station in Comanche County, from which place
they would ride a distance of twenty-five miles to
the camping place, located on a creek called the Deep
Red. At Frederick the President relieved his
special guard of four, and sent them back to Fort
Worth to wait his return.
It was on April 8th that they arrived at Frederick
where a good share of the hunting party, and an
enthusiastic crowd had gathered to welcome them.
The hunting party set out immediately for the camp,
arriving about nightfall.
Whoever chose the camping place made a good
selection. The Deep Red — a branch of Red River —
is a fine running stream, with plenty of timber and
good grass. From all about the howling of their
game — the small gray wolves, or coyotes, which in-
fest that country. The surroundings were ideal.
There were about fifteen in the hunting party,
which included their hosts, Tom Waggoner and
Burke Burnett; also young Tom Burnett, who was
in charge of the horses — himself a daring horseman
— Lieut.-General S. M. B. Young (known to the In-
dians as ** War Bonnet ") ; Lieutenant Fortescue
(formerly of the Rough Riders) ; Dr. Alexander
Lambert of New York; Col. Cecil Lyon of Texas;
Sloan Simpson, Postmaster of Dallas ; John R. Aber-
278 Captain Bill McDonald
nethy of Tesca, Oklahoma (later, by the President's
appointment, United States Marshal) ; certain ranch-
men and cowboys — by no means forgetting Chief
Qnanah Parker, of whom we have heard before in
these chapters, now specially invited by the Presi-
dent's request. Chief Quanah was then about sixty
— tall, straight as an arrow and a fine rider.
It was a pretty extensive camp, altogether. There
were a hundred horses and a *' chuck " wagon —
a regular *' cow outfit "; — a buggy for Burke Bur-
nett and General Young; two hacks, one of which
belonged to Chief Quanah, and other vehicles. Then
there was a pack of forty greyhounds, some stag-
hounds, and about a half-dozen long-eared deer or
fox-hounds, for special work.
The excitement and joy of the tents and blazing
campfires, and the howling of the wolves, made
everybody eager for morning and an early start. So
when supper was over and the guard set for the
night, the Great National Hunter and his friends
and protectors lay down to rest, the campfires still
throwing a wide circle of light, on the fading edges
of which the coyotes gathered and looking up howled
their anguish to the stars.
It was a little more than daylight, next morning,
a bright cool morning, when the hunting party was
up and away. The hunters were mounted, all except
General Young and Burke Burnett, who were in the
habit of following the chase in their buggy. The
dogs to be used for the morning run mingled with
A Wolf-hunt with the President 279
the riders, the others being confined in the chuck
wagon in a large cage, to be kept fresh, and used in
the afternoon, when the first detachment should be
run down. At the head of the party rode Tom Bur-
nett and ^* Bony '* Moore and behind these came
President Roosevelt of the United States, and Cap-
tain Bill McDonald of Texas.
It was no trouble to find a wolf in that locality.
One was soon started up and the hounds were away,
with the party of horsemen and Burke Burnett's
buggy following pell-mell in a general helter-skelter,
for which the President set the pace. As the Ranger
Captain saw the Chief Executive of the nation go
careering over ditches and washouts and through
prairie-dog cities, his admiration grew literally by
leaps and bounds. He wished, however, he hadn't
promised to bring the President home intact. Bill
^f cDonald was considered something of a rider, him-
self, but he was not entirely happy in this Tam
O'Shanter performance. Still he stayed in the
game.
** It looked mighty scary to me,'* he said after-
ward, *^ but I wouldn't quit. The others followed,
but some of them would go slower."
It was great excitement, great sport and great
fun — a wild race across the prairie — a final bringing
of the wolf to bay with the ** worry " and ** death "
by the dogs, and general rejoicing by all.
But when the next wolf — or it may have been the
third one — was cornered there was a genuine ex-
280 Captain Bill McDonald
hibition. It was not killed by the dogs, it was taken
alive, by one man. John Abernethy was that man,
and he took that wolf with his hands. This was the
manner of it. Whenever the dogs ran npon the
wolf, the wolf would turn and snap savagely, and if
those teeth of his happened to touch any part of the
dog they left. their mark, and sometimes that part
of the dog remained with the wolf. This made the
dogs careful — and shy.
But Abernethy was not careful — at least he was
not shy. He ran up close to that cornered wolf and
fell upon him, and when the wolf snapped at him,
just as he had snapped at those dogs, Abernethy
by a quick movement of his hand caught the wolf
by the lower jaw and held him fast, and in such a
way, that jerk and writhe and twist as he might he
could not get free. Then Abernethy, who was about
thirty years old and a muscular man, quick of move-
ment and fearless, holding fast to the wolf ^s jaw,
carried that wolf to his horse, mounted and rode
away, still carrying his captive, alive.
Well, of course. President Roosevelt admired that
beyond any feature of the expedition. He had
Abernethy do it again and again, and Abernethy
never made a failure. Sometimes he tied the wolf ^s
jaws together with a handkerchief; just held him
and tied him in a deft workman-like way and made
off with him hanging on his saddle. It looked easy
enough, to see Abernethy seize the wolf, and pres-
ently a young fellow in the group of hunters decided
A Wolf-hunt with the President 281
that it was easy. But when he tried it, he only got
a knife-like slit across his hand and abandoned the
contract. Then the President wanted to try it, him-
self, as of course he would, but there are some things
which even a President cannot be permitted to at-
tempt.
However, he was not to be kept altogether out of
danger, and in the characteristic incident which fol-
lows, those who will, may, perhaps, find some alle-
gorical significance.
As the party rode along — this was during a quiet
recess between wolves — they came upon a big rattle-
snake, about five feet long, and thicker than a man 's
wrist, coiled up, on a prairie-dog hill. When the
President saw it, he got down from his horse and
taking his quirt (a small rawhide ridingwhip about
two feet long) he went up to the big rattler and
struck him. The snake was coiled, and sprang, but
Roosevelt stepped aside and quickly struck him again
and again, then stamped his head into the earth.
There were plenty of rattlesnakes around there, for
the country was one great prairie-dog colony, and
when they came upon another, the President, like
Abernethy, repeated his special performance. The
others did not like it — it looked too risky — and that
night when the President was not in the vicinity,
Cecil Lyon and Captain McDonald quietly removed
the quirt which had been left hanging on the Presi-
dential saddle, and said nothing of the matter at all.
But the President was a good deal disturbed when
282 Captain Bill McDonald
he wanted to use the quirt next day, and wondered
and grumbled about it, until finally Captain Bill con-
fessed the fact and reasons of its disappearance.
" We were afraid you'd get snake-bit, Mr. Presi-
dent,'' he said, ^^ and we're having too much fun
to have it stopped by an accident like that. ' '
Theodore Eoosevelt saw the joke and laughed.
Then he led them away on a race that if not as
dangerous as coquetting with rattlesnakes was at
least more boisterously exciting.
They got four or five wolves that first day and
the next, most of them also taken alive by Aber-
nethy, and these they carried to camp and lariated
out. It was a good start for a menagerie, and they
added to it daily.
It was on the second day that Chief Quanah's
family arrived — his favorite wife, Too-nicey, and
the two others whose names are not remembered,
but may have been Some-nicey and Quite-nice-
enough, together with a small boy and a papoose;
and these in their hack followed the hunt with the
others. It was a genuine jubilee when a coyote was
started up and was followed by that boisterous com-
pany; the buggy of ** War Bonnet," and Burnett
hitting only the high places; Too-nicey and her
matrimonial alliance bouncing along in the hack,
with the dog- wagon, wildly excited — a regular canine
explosion — bringing up the rear. Then, what ex-
citement when the wolf was finally run down and
killed or captured; what rejoicing by everybody —
IN CAMP WITH THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
'They gathered about the big fire, cowboy fashion."
A Wolf-hunt ivitK the President 283
including Too-nicey, Quite-nicey, and Pretty-nicey,
or whatever their names might be.
But now it developed that the three Nicey's could
serve a good purpose on a hunt like that as well as
for mere decoration. They had eyes — marvelous
eyes — that could see a wolf far across the prairie
when the eyes of white men could not distinguish
even a sign. There was no need of a glass when the
wives of Quanah sat in their hack and scanned the
horizon. Certainly that was an unusual hunting
party, and very likely a unique experience, for all
concerned.
But perhaps the best part of the hunting was the
evening, after all. Then it was that they gathered
about the big fire, cowboy fashion, with Chief
Quanah Parker in their midst, talking to them —
repeating the traditions of his father and his tribe
— the tale of his mother's capture, the story of his
own life and battles — his views and his religion of
later years.
* In a former chapter we have told of the massacre
of Fort Parker and the capture of the little girl,
Cynthia Ann Parker, who was adopted by the tribe,
married a chief, and in time became Chief Quanah 's
mother. Gathered about the campfire on Deep Bed
Creek, in a wide circle of loneliness, with ** Tom "
Burnett, who understands the Indian language
** better than the Indians themselves,'' acting as in-
terpreter and the President of the United States
listening, the son of that little captured girl told
284 Captain Bill McDonald
that story, now, and lie supplemented it witli the
story of his father — a sequel that will not be out of
place here.
The tribe had loved the little captive white girl,
the story runs, and the little girl had learned to love
her captors. She had learned their speech and for-
got her own; then, by and by when she was no
^ longer a little girl, a great chief named Nacona had
wooed her and made her his wife. Nacona was a
mighty warrior and made frequent raids on the
white settlements and carried off much property —
cattle and horses.
But finally his last raid came. Captain Sul. Boss
(later Governor Boss), stationed at Fort Griffin
with a troup of Eangers — sixty trained Indian
fighters — was watching for an opportunity to fall
upon Nacona, unawares. The opportunity came
when Nacona, with his braves and many of their
squaws and children, were camped one day at the
mouth of Talking John Creek in Hardeman County.
There was good hunting on Talking John Creek, and
Nacona and his braves, fresh from a raid on the
white settlements below, had stopped there for a
few days to rest and recuperate before taking up
the final homeward march. They felt secure and
had no thought that Eangers were anywhere in the
vicinity.
Then suddenly there was a clatter of horses^ feet,
a crack of carbines, and Captain Boss with his sixty
fighting devils were upon them. There was no time
A Wolf-hunt with the President 285
for preparation. Most of the Indians fled wildly,
leaving their squaws and their captured plunder.
Nacona's wife, who had been the little captured
Parker girl, was in the camp with him; also their
two children, Quanah, and his little sister, Prairie
Flower.
With the first charge of the Eangers, Nacona
seized his rifle, leaped upon his horse and rushed
after his braves, in the hope of gathering them for
battle. That his wife and children would not be
harmed by the white men he knew. He knew also,
that the case was desperate, and he realized this
more fully when he found that his braves were hope-
lessly scattered, and in full flight.
Nacona prepared to meet his death. The mounted
Eangers were already close upon him and he would
die like the great chief that he was. Beneath a large
mesquite tree he dismounted and seating himself
began chanting the death song. Captain Ross and a
detachment of Rangers rode up. Nacona still
chanted on. Then suddenly it may have occurred
to him that they meant to take him alive. They
would imprison him, perhaps hang him. He would
die fighting.
Rousing as from a dream, he ceased his chant and
throwing his rifle to his shoulder, fired. The bullet
missed, but it brought a quick answering shot from
a Ranger at Captain Ross 's side, and the chief drop-
ped forward, his face in the grass.
So died Nacona, bravely, as a chief should die,
286 Captain Bill McDonald
and was buried where he fell. In time his grave
became a landmark. And Nacona's wife, who had
been Cynthia Ann Parker — ^no longer of the white
race, but an Indian in language and habits and af-
filiations— was brought by her new captors, once
more to dwell among her own kind, bringing with
her the boy Quanah, and his little sister, Prairie
Flower. The mother was never satisfied with civili-
zation and always longed to return to the tribe.
Little Prairie Flower — ^homesick and delicate — pined
away and soon followed Nacona to the Spirit Land.
The boy Quanah was sent back to his father's
people, for he was a chief in his own right. In time
he became a great leader of the Comanche Tribe,
and, unlike his father, a friend of his mother's race.
He surrounded himself with the comforts and many
of the luxuries of white men; his home to-day is
truly a white man's home, with handsome furnish-
ings, a piano and pictures ; his voice has been heard
in the white man's councils, and a white man's city
was named in his honor. But the language of white
men he has never learned.*
Altogether that wolf hunt was a great success.
Seventeen wolves completed the result of the five
days of hunting, most of them taken alive and lari-
ated out around the camp — a lively and musical col-
lection that delighted all parties concerned, except
*The story as told by Chief Quanah not having been preserved,
most of the details here given are drawn from an article by Fred.
Harvey.
A Wolf-hunt with the President 287
possibly the wolves themselves. As for President
Roosevelt he enjoyed this vigorous isolated vaca-
tion continuously. But it was not easy to preserve
the isolation of that camp. Every day visitors came
riding or driving across the country, from some-
where, to seek an audience with the nation's Chief
Executive. There were men who wanted office for
themselves ; men who wanted office for other people ;
men who wanted every sort of Presidential assist-
ance under the sun; men who came merely out of
curiosity and for the purpose of relating how they
had visited ' * Teddy ' ' in his hunting camp and taken
a hand in the sport. A guard of soldiers from Fort
Sill was supposed to picket the reservation, but
would-be visitors eluded the men and somehow got
through the lines. They did not get past Captain
Bill, who met them and serenely but surely turned
them back. If they had business, Washington was
the place to transact it, he said. The President was
here only for pleasure. Some went willingly enough
— others protested, but all went. The President's
days in the field, and those rare evenings about the
campfire were not to be marred by business or any
mere social diversions.
And when it was all over Theodore Roosevelt, in
his enthusiasm pronounced it all *^ Bully! *' and re-
peated it, and said he had never had a better time in
his life, which was probably a correct statement.
And when they all rode back to Frederick he led
the way again, and they set out with a whoop and
288 Captain Bill McDonald
a run and yell, regular cowboy style, and as they
came into town where there was a great crowd wait-
ing, the people went fairly wild, as of course they
would. Then the President had to talk to the crowd
again — he had said a few words on his arrival — and
tell them what a good time he had had, and what a
great country this was in general, and that part in
particular, and how much he thanked them for letting
him come there, and how he was going on to
Colorado for a bear hunt, but how he never expected
to have any better time than he had had right there
in Comanche, on the Deep Eed wolf -hunt with Tom
Waggoner and Burke Burnett, and Bill McDonald
and John Abernethy, and Quanah Parker and Too-
nicey, Some-nicey and Plenty-nice-enough —
No, he didn't say all that either, but he said the
right thing for the occasion, just as he always does,
and especially on an occasion like that, where he is
happy and full of life and the wild freedom of the
open. And every man within sound of his voice was
his friend forever, from that moment, regardless of
his politics, and no man of all there, was a warmer
admirer and friend than Captain Bill McDonald of
Texas, who was a '* hell-roaring " democrat and
hadn't wanted to go.
He did not accompany the President to Colorado,
though the arrangement would have just suited both
sides. But after all, he was a Eanger, and there
was other kind of game — game on which it is always
open season — waiting to be brought home. He ac-
A Wolf-hunt with the President 289
companied the President's party a distance on their
journey; then he said:
'' Well, Mr. President, I'm getting out of my
jurisdiction. I guess I'll leave you, now."
* * But Captain, you are coming to see me in Wash-
ington, some day," said the President as he grasped
his hand.
** I don't know, Mr. President. I don't know how
to put on a plug hat and one of these spike-tailed
coats, and pigeon-toed shoes. ' '
** Well, don't try. Come exactly as you are, and
there are a few of those spike-tailed fellows around
the Capitol that I'll let you take a shot at. Now
remember, you're coming — just as you are! "
XXXV
The Conditt Murder Mystery
a terrible crime at edna, texas.
ARREST AND ESCAPE. THE GREATEST
MAN-HUNT IN HISTORY
It was during the latter part of 1905 and the
spring of 1906 that Eanger Captain McDonald was
engaged in unraveling a mystery which gave oppor-
tunity for the employment of his natural talent for
detective work, combined with the skill and ex-
perience acquired during a long period of following
criminals and uncovering crime.
On September 28th, 1905, two miles from the little
town of Edna, Jackson County, Texas, during the
temporary absence of J. F. Conditt — employed in
rice harvest, seven miles distant — ^his wife and four
young children, ranging in ages from a baby boy
of three to a littl^ girl of twelve, were murdered in
broad daylight — their bodies left as they had fallen
in and about the premises. The murders were com-
mitted in the most brutal and bloody way, with
knife, adz, and such household tool and implement
as came to hand. Three of the murdered children
were boys. The little girl of twelve had been vio-
lated. Only an infant of a few months had been left
The Conditt Murder Mystery 291
alive. The story of that ghastly crime — its motive ;
its commission; its detection and the punishment
of its perpetrators — can only be epitomized here,
for its details would fill a volume and belong only
in the official records ; neither are they yet complete.
We shall attempt, therefore, no more than the out-
lines, with such particulars as will show the scope
and the importance of Captain McDonald's work in
solving a mystery and fixing the guilt, not only with-
out the assistance of those most interested, but in
the face of their bitter opposition.
The Conditt family had but recently moved to
Edna. They were working people, respectable but
poor, and had taken a house formerly occupied by
negroes. This in itself was an offense to their im-
mediate neighborhood — a negro settlement — and
when Mr. Conditt repaired his fences and thereby
shut off from public use a windmill where the
negroes had been accustomed to go for water, his
offense in their eyes became a crime. They did not
want him there and resolved to get rid of him. How
many or how few were concerned, directly and in-
directly, in the conspiracy to drive out or destroy
the white family that had settled among them, will
perhaps never be known. That negroes seldom be-
tray one another, and that a negro conspiracy is the
most difficult of all plots to illuminate, are facts only
too well established by our recently recorded his-
tory. The Conditt murder plot furnishes an un-
usual example of this peculiar African phase.
292 Captain Bill McDonald
The negroes were sullen, at first, in their manner
toward the Conditts. Then one of them — a certain
Felix Powell — spoke insultingly to Mildred Conditt,
the little girl of twelve. Then came September 28th
— nine o 'clock in the morning — the day and hour of
destruction.
It was one o'clock in the afternoon before the
crime became known. Monk Gibson, a colored boy
of sixteen who had been plowing for Mr. Conditt
in a field about two hundred yards from the house,
carried the news. He ran to the house of a white
man named John Gibson, some distance away, and
reported that he had just seen Mrs. Conditt being
chased around the house by two men. John Gibson
went on a run to the Conditt premises; found no
trace of the two men, but did find the murdered
family, a house like a slaughter pen, and in the midst
of this horror, a wailing infant. Gibson, the white
man, hurried the colored boy off to bring Mr. Con-
ditt from the rice field, and set out to spread the
alarm. In a brief time the country was aflame.
Monk Gibson, returning with Mr. Conditt, was put
under arrest, and it was now found that he was
smeared and splashed with blood. He explained the
stains by saying that his nose had bled and that he
had hurt himself creeping through a wire fence, but
there were no indications of his nose having bled,
and he could show only the merest scratch of a
wound. That he was concerned in the crime was
never doubted, but only the unreasoning then believed
The Conditt Murder Mystery 293
he had committed it alone. Questioned, he told con-
flicting stories, finally stating that men whom he did
not know had dragged him to the house, compelled
him to view their work, splashed him with blood and
set him free.
Of course these statements were not believed.
The whole country round about Edna, now terribly
aroused, was determined to have the truth. If Monk
Gibson was alone in the crime, and there were many
who soon reached this conclusion, his punishment
would not wait the slow process of the law. If he
were one of several, he must reveal the names of his
associates. He was put through the severest ordeal
of examination, but he would utter nothing more
than the confused contradictory stories already told.
Every method was tried to extort information, yet
he only repeated his conflicting stories and refused
to tell names.
It was now pretty generally assumed that he had
nothing to tell and that he alone had committed the
crime. A lynching mob was forming, and a report
came from Bay City that two hundred men had
chartered a special train for Edna and were coming
to destroy the boy murderer that night. Sheriff Egg
of Edna and his deputies resolved to remove the
prisoner to a place of safety, and quietly arranged
their plan. As soon as it was dark they had
swift horses taken to the back of the jail, one for
Gibson and others for the officers who would ac-
company him. Then quietly they got him out
294 Captain Bill McDonald
through a back window; mounted him, unfettered,
between two officers, and slipped away toward
Hallettsville, where it was believed he would be
safe.
They never reached Hallettsville. While gallop-
ing at full speed along an open road they came to a
curve. The officers had no thought that Gibson
would try to escape, and he was riding free. But at
the curve, Gibson did not turn. He kept straight on,
drove his animal over a fence and disappeared in
the thick darkness. When the officers recovered
themselves and made their way into the field, they
found the horse he had been riding, but their pris-
oner had vanished. They came back to Edna crest-
fallen and discredited. The people at first declared
that the deputies had put Gibson in hiding. Then,
only half convinced, and fiercely angry, they joined
in what was, perhaps, the greatest man hunt ever
known in Texas. Every available horse and gun
was secured — every available man was presently in
the saddle.
But this was only a beginning. Within a brief
time fresh car-loads of horses were shipped to Edna ;
ranchmen sent their cowboys; every pack of blood-
hounds in south Texas was mustered into the ser-
vice; commissary camps were established; leaders
were appointed for the various bands; business
was suspended, the country became one vast en-
campment and all for the purpose of running
down a single boy of sixteen who had slipped
The Conditt Murder Mystery 295
away from the deputies and was believed to be
hiding in the swamps. In the midst of all this,
Governor Lanham ordered Adjutant-General Hulen
with four companies of State troops to invest the
place; whereupon Edna became a military camp in
fact.
Captain McDonald was working in another part
of the State when he first saw the reports of the
Conditt murder. His headquarters being now at
Alice, the scene of the crime was in his territory, and
before many days he was notified by General Hulen
to report at Edna with men and blood-hounds to
join in the search. Arriving at the front he found
such a turmoil of excitement and animosity and
trouble of many kinds as is not often gathered in
any one place. Men and groups of men, each more
distracted than the other, were rushing hither and
yon on a hundred fruitless and mainly imaginary
errands. Nobody was really doing anything ; every-
body was blaming everybody else; everybody was
mad at the soldiers, mad at the arriving Rangers,
mad at each other ; and meantime Monk Gibson was
still at large.
Captain McDonald looked over the ground, as
quietly as they would let him, and gave it out as his
conclusion that no one man could have committed
all that crime in open daylight, let alone a boy of
sixteen. The sentiment was almost wholly the other
way by this time, and the Eanger Captain's opinion
was bitterly opposed from the start. What the
296 Captain Bill McDonald .
people wanted was a victim. If they could capture
Monk Gibson they would have a victim, and they
did not want any complication that would interfere
with this elementary proposition and the summary
idea of justice which lay behind it. The presence
of military and especially of Eangers was a men-
ace, and for Bill McDonald to try to confuse mat-
ters with his detective theories, which might re-
sult in Gibson going clear, even if captured, would
not be lightly borne. He was given to understand
that the people of Edna knew what they wanted,
and when they wanted Eangers they would invite
them.
Captain Bill, however, followed his own ideas.
He felt sure that Gibson was only one of several
that had perpetrated the crime, and was doubtless
a tool of older men. Moreover there were bloody
hand-prints, left by one or more of the Conditt mur-
derers, and these he could not believe had been made
by the hand of a boy of sixteen, small for his years
as Monk Gibson was declared to be. He further
believed that Gibson was somewhere in hiding near
his home, for by long experience he had learned
that the hunted negro will always go home, regard-
less of risk.
Meantime, Monk Gibson's parents were in jail,
and their premises had been searched more than
once. Other negroes had been arrested on suspicion,
only to be discharged for lack of any tangible evi-
dence. Captain McDonald went his own way, hold-
The Conditt Murder Mystery 297
ing to the theory that the negro boy would be found
in the neighborhood of his own home. His two
blood-hounds, Trouble and Rock, he took there re-
peatedly to try to pick up the trail, yet always with-
out success. He believed the boy would come home
for food, and to the nearby windmill for water.
The barn near his father 's house was searched daily,
and while for some reason Captain Bill did not
attend to this detail himself he was assured each
time that the search had been thorough.
Yet Monk Gibson was hiding in that barn all the
time. There were some unthreshed oats in the barn,
and he had found a place where he could work him-
self under the straw, leaving no trace on the outside.
Sometimes at night he had crept out to a pig-pen for
water, and had picked some ears of corn in a nearby
patch. One morning when he could stand it no
longer he came out and called to a negro named
Warren Powell, whose brother, Felix Powell, al-
ready mentioned, was to play an important part in
this tragic drama. Warren Powell immediately took
charge of the boy. Monk, tied him and notified the
officers. General Hulen, Captain McDonald, Sheriff
Egg and others responded quickly, and putting the
boy in a buggy made a wild gallop for the jail, by a
circuitous route, to avoid the crowds. He was
landed safely inside, tossed from man to man be-
tween a line of bayonets, and when the infuriated
populace gathered they were driven back by a cordon
of armed officials.
298 Captain Bill McDonald
Captain McDonald now got himself disliked in
more ways than one. For one thing he persisted
in his theory that Monk Gibson alone could not have
committed the crime ; for another, he urged that Gib-
son be taken to a safer, quieter place for protection.
Furthermore he would not permit them to obtain
testimony from the prisoner by torture. Approach-
ing the jail one night he heard screams of agony. En-
tering, he found an assembly of examiners in Monk
Gibson's cell, with Gibson tied up by the thumbs,
the boy screaming, but refusing to tell anything
more than the conflicting incoherent stories told at
first.
** Take that boy down,'' said Captain Bill.
'* Don't you know that anything you get out of a
witness by torture is not evidence enough for a mob,
let alone a court of law! "
Meantime, the Eanger Captain had been picking
up threads of evidence of his own. For one thing
he had observed that two negroes — Felix Powell, al-
ready mentioned, and one Henry Howard — had
taken a curiously* intense interest in all the inves-
tigations— seemingly fascinated by every movement
of the officers, especially of the Eangers. He
noticed, too, that certain other negroes of the settle-
ment were acting in a manner which to one with a
special knowledge of their characteristics, appeared
suspicious. He made carefully guarded inquiries,
and learned that while Powell and Howard claimed
to have been working for a man named John Young
The Conditt Murder Mystery 299
all day on the day of the murder, they had in reality
worked for Young only during the afternoon. When
he spoke to them about it their answers were con-
tradictory. Finally Powell acknowledged that he
had not worked for Young during the forenoon, and
could give no satisfactory account of his where-
abouts for the morning. It was generally believed,
at first, that the murder had been committed about
one o 'clock — the time of the alarm by Monk Gibson
— but the condition of the bodies when found made
it evident that the crime had occurred much earlier —
Captain McDonald believed as early as nine o 'clock.
McDonald finally questioned Powell directly, and
believed he detected guilt in his every look and
word. Powell denied knowing Monk Gibson at
all, though the two had been raised in the same
neighborhood. Gibson on the other hand had
already acknowledged that he knew Powell, and
had always known him. Finally Captain Bill
said :
* ' Well, Felix, I think I will put you in jail awhile
to refresh your memory. ' '
The suspected man nearly collapsed at this and
protested his innocence. Searched, a knife was
found on him, which had a rusty, inoffensive look
on the outside and according to its owner was very
dull and used only for cutting tobacco. But when
this knife was opened it was found to be of razor-
like sharpness, and when a match was passed
through the jaws and blade recesses, the end of
300 Captain Bill McDonald
the matcli brouglit up blood! Two of the Con-
ditt children had died of ghastly knife wounds.
Captain McDonald believed that this knife had
made them.
Evidently he was alone In that belief. The arrest
of Powell was condemned generally as a diversion,
to aid in clearing Gibson — it being widely declared
that such was the Eanger Captain's purpose. To
this, however, he paid not much attention — his one
desire being to get as much evidence as possible and
bring the guilty to justice. He did not feel war-
ranted in arresting Howard and the others at this
time, though fully believing them concerned as ac-
cessories, if not as principals, in the plot to kill. That
Monk Gibson had not been alone in the crime he
was quite positive. The prints of the bloody hand-
mark sawed out of the Conditt house could not be
made to fit Gibson's hand by any stretch or adjust-
ment of that member. Neither did it look as if it
would fit Powell's hand, though the actual fitting
was not then tried, for Powell was wary, and must
be entrapped into a test that would require such
nicety of adjustment. But there had been one
more suspicious circumstance. A shirt had been
found tucked away under a bridge over a creek
where it had been washed, though it still bore
evidence of blood stains. Captain McDonald ap-
proached Powell with the shirt in a small bundle
under his arm. ^ * That is not my shirt ! ' ' declared
The Conditt Murder Mystery 301
Powell quickly, before a word had been said, and
before it was possible to tell what the folded gar-
ment was.
Yet the grand jury then in session refused to listen
to McDonald ^s evidence, or to indict any one but
Gibson, who was charged by that body with the
entire crime.
By this time the soldiers had gone back to Austin
and only the Rangers and local officers were in
charge of the jail. When the indictment was found.
Captain McDonald demanded that the prisoner be
removed to San Antonio for safety and the District
Judge consented to the removal. Threats that such
a removal would not be permitted were plenty
enough, but the Rangers, without announcement or
manifestation of any sort, made ready, and when
the train was about due quietly and swiftly hurried
him to the station and put him aboard. He landed
in San Antonio safely and for the time the Conditt
case was quiescent. Felix Powell was turned out of
jail as soon as the Rangers were gone, evidently as
an affront to McDonald, and to show the com-
munity's disbelief in his theories as well as their
general disapproval of his efforts. McDonald with
plenty of other work crying to be done was not eager
to continue a thankless task, though it was work of
a kind he loved. That winter, when Gibson's trial
was coming on in San Antonio, he urged the prosecu-
tors to try him as one of several and not as the one
alone, who had committed the crime. They would
302 Captain Bill McDonald
not listen to him, and they would not let him
testify, declaring that his theories and so-called
evidence would spoil their case. They tried Monk
Gibson for the entire killing and a rational jury
naturally failed to convict, though Felix Powell and
Henry Howard were brought from Edna as wit-
nesses and did their best to aid the prosecution.
The jury was divided and Monk was taken back to
jail.
It was not until the spring of 1906 that Captain
McDonald was again actively concerned in the Con-
ditt case. Early in the season, while attending the
Stockmen ^s Convention at Dallas, he met prominent
men from the South Texas districts and reviewed
with them the story of the crime and the progress
that had been made, or rather had not been made,
in convicting the guilty. He stated freely his
theories concerning Powell, Howard and other
negroes and went over the details of his evi-
dence.
The stockmen began by opposing Captain BilPs
theories and ended by joining in a movement to have
the State continue the investigation at Edna under
his direction. They employed a young lawyer named
Crawford to bring the matter before the Governor,
who agreed to reopen the investigation, but sug-
gested that it be done by another man than Mc-
Donald for the reason that the citizens of Edna were
prejudiced against the Eanger. The stockmen's
answer to this was, that unless McDonald could be
The Conditt Murder Mystery 303
sent they would have nothing further to do with the
matter.
The Governor agreed, then, and Captain Bill
made ready to go to Edna and remain there until
he should succeed in establishing his theory or be
ready to acknowledge himself baffled.
XXXVI
The Death of Ehoda McDonald
the end of a noble woman 's life. her letter of
GOOD-BY
It is at this point that we must pause to record a
circumstance which seems totally out of place in
the midst of an episode of this kind, but which, be-
cause of its association with events, cannot be else-
where set down. Yet, after all, why should not the
end of a noble life be written here, when that life
had been always a part of the active service of him
whose career we have been following — the life of an
unfaltering hero of the home who never said
** stay '' but *' go," no matter what the danger;
who even at the very end sent him back to his duty,
and died alone.
Ehoda McDonald had not been a robust woman
for a number of years. Those early frontier days
on Wanderer's Creek had been hard, and must have
told on her in the long run, as well as all the anxious
nights and days that had filled up the years of a
Sanger's wife.
At Alice, though manifestly in poor health, she
still maintained a home, doing such light housekeep-
ing as her strength permitted. Her interest in her
The Death of Rhoda McDonald 305
husband's work was as active as ever; she knew
every detail of the situation at Edna as reported by
the press, and when in May, 1906, he was ordered
there for further investigation, she bade him go,
despite reluctance on his part, for she believed that
he alone could bring to punishment the perpetrators
of that terrible crime. They arranged that in his
absence she should go to a sanatorium in San
Antonio, and try to regain strength; and in ac-
cordance with this plan she closed the little house-
hold at Alice, and at San Antonio went under a
doctor's care. When Captain McDonald had been
in Edna a short time, he was notified that an opera-
tion would be necessary to save her life. He hurried
to San Antonio and found her cheerful, though evi-
dently aware of her danger. Her talk, however, was
all of his work and the prospects of his further
progress. When the ordeal was over and the physi-
cians declared that her chances for recovery were
very good, she would not let him stay to verify this
opinion, but hurried him back to his work.
** I want you to find the men that murdered that
poor woman and those little innocent children,'' she
said, * ' and you must not waste your time here with
me."
So he went back, and for a few days encouraging
letters came from doctors and attendants. Then
came a telegram which said: *' Conditions not so
favorable; come."
She was dead when he got there, but she had left
306 Captain BiU McDonald
a letter of good-by. That letter is a classic. As an
epitome of a simple, noble, unselfish life — calm and
fearless in the face of the supreme mystery — it
seems without a flaw.
* * My Dear Husband :
** When your eyes look on these lines I will have
crossed the Great Divide, and these wishes of mine
I am sure you will fulfil. Enclosed is a note from
Lee (my brother), which matures next spring. I
managed to save it from my means, or some of it,
two years ago, and Lee has been so good to keep
it at interest, which I have added to the original
amount, until it has reached the amount of the note.
^^ Please send Sister, your sister, $25.00 and give
Euth $25.00. She has to work very hard. Allow
Lee this year's interest for his kindness and trouble.
I want Eula (your niece) to have the brooch you
gave me; Dot (your niece) my fur and the small
diamond ear-bob. Give Mollie (my sister) the other
diamond ear-bob. Give Jim my books, which are
at Quanah, and my cameo ring. I want Euth to
have my watch and the breast pin that was our
mother's. Give Helen White my engagement ring
— the little one with the small diamonds. In the
little bag is $15.00 that belongs to the Lord. Be sure
to give it to the ' Salvation Army People,' to feed
the poor and hungry.
** My clothes, turn over to Mollie and Euth and
what they don't want tell them to give to the poor.
Of course, the diamond ring will be yours.
** I want you to keep my Bible and read it, be-
cause you will derive more comfort from it than all
else besides. My prayers for you have always been
The Death of Rhoda McDonald 307
mingled with those for myself, and I hope they have
not been in vain.
* ^ Please see that my grave has plenty of trees, so
that the birds may build their nests in them. Give
Ruth my black silk dress, which is at Wichita Falls.
Get Ruth or Mollie to help you find the things.
** I am sorry for every cross word or look that I
ever gave you, but feel sure you will not hold them
against me.
'' With lots of love— Good-by.
'' Rhoda."
He took her to Greenville, Texas, for burial, for
they had no settled home, while in Greenville there
were relatives. Then he returned to Edna to carry
out the mission which in her last spoken words to
him she had bade him fulfil.
XXXVII
The Conditt Mysteky Solved
THE tell-tale HAND-
PRINT. A eanger captain's theoeies
ESTABLISHED
Captain McDonald realized that his task in Edna
was to be a hard one — made harder by the fact that
the citizens of Edna still bitterly opposed his in-
vestigation ; still believed that his chief purpose was
to cheat them of Monk Gibson's life. There was
one important exception to this opposition. Sheriff
Egg of Edna, though with little faith in the Eanger
Captain 's theories, volunteered to help test them and
his assistance was valuable.
Another favorable condition for his work was,
that certain of the suspected negroes had fallen out
among themselves, and he presently discovereii that
there were strange insinuations and implied charges
drifting about the settlement which might mean
much, or nothing at all. Felix Powell had been ar-
rested for knocking down his sister-in-law, Warren
Powell's wife, and was working out his time on the
road when Captain McDonald returned to Edna.
The Eanger Captain gave the disturbed elements a
little judicious stirring and they fomented.
The Conditt Mystery Solved 309
*^ If I told all I know about that nigger, he'd
hang for murder, '^ Irene Powell blurted out. De-
tective McDonald smiled quietly, but did not use
undue haste. He had Felix Powell removed from
the public highways and once more put in jail. Then
quietly he went to the negroes and made it easy
and even enticing for them to talk. He knew the
negro character very well — its weaknesses and its
animosities, and these he played on — gently, very
gently, at first, but effectively. Little by little he
learned that Felix had already been accused of the
crime by those of his own color — some of whom
were said to know the facts. He learned that Felix
had been greatly exercised over the arrival of the
first blood-hounds.
'* They'll trail a man to town,'' he had said, ^^ but
they can't follow a man that has oil on his shoes."
All night he had lain awake, listening for the bay
of the hounds. Once he had sat bolt upright in bed.
"" Here they come! " he had exclaimed to a man
who was staying with him. Soon after, he said : * ^ I
could put my hand on the man that committed that
murder. ' ' And again : ' ' There 's one woman knows,
and she may tell. As for Monk, he's told so
many lies, the white people won't believe him, any-
way. ' '
Two little children named Reed, looking at the
bleeding legs of some tied chickens, said to each
other that the bloody string reminded them of the
clothes their mother had washed for Felix Powell.
310 Captain Bill McDonald
This was repeated and whispered, and one of
Powell's acquaintances charged him with the crime.
*^ They'll hang you for it, Felix,'' he said.
* * When they do, a lot of white folks will go to hell
with me," was the reply.
All these things came in due course to Captain
Bill, and by and by an affidavit for murder was pre-
♦ pared and Powell was formally accused of the crime.
When he knew of this he became furious and at-
tacked McDonald in his cell and had to be over-
powered and chained. Later, in a fit of rage, he
snapped these chains and tore the shackles from his
limbs. Then a heavier chain was put on him and he
was padlocked to the floor.
Besides Felix Powell, charges were brought
against Henry Howard and four women believed to
be concerned in the killing — directly or as acces-
sories to it, either before or after the fact. One of
these — Augusta Diggs — on the second day of the ex-
amining trial, confessed her knowledge of the crime.
She confirmed Captain Bill's belief that the murder
of the Conditts had taken place in the morning and
declared that Powell had come to her with the story
of how he and Monk Gibson had killed the Con-
ditts, bringing his bloody clothes for her to wash.
She had refused and he had taken them elsewhere —
to Bethel Reed. Other witnesses, willingly or un-
willingly, gave further damaging evidence. Listeners
began to wonder if there wasn't something in all
these accusations besides a mere negro feud — to sus-
The Conditt Mystery Solved 311
pect that perhaps Bill McDonald might be able to
establish his theories, after all.
But it is likely they would still have doubted and
the case would have come to naught, had there not
been one more link in Captain Bill's chain of cir-
cumstance. He had been closely observing Felix
Powell's right hand when he could do so without
attracting the prisoner's attention, and mentally
comparing it with the bloody print sawed from the
Conditt house. The print was a peculiar one; it
showed an oblong spot for the thumb ; a longer one
for the forefinger; then two somewhat shorter ones
for the middle and third finger, with a mere dot for
the little finger. It was as if the hand had been
maimed by accident, and the fingers cut away. Cap-
tain Bill at first had made a sketch of the print,
which he could surreptitiously compare with the
hand of Powell, when opportunity offered. The
comparison puzzled him. Powell's little finger
might make the dot, for it had been deformed by a
bone felon and had a crooked bone at the end. But
his other fingers were normal, and it was hard to
imagine they had made that bloody impress. Still,
the Eanger detective did not give up. He wanted
to see the hand and the print together, or to see
actual prints of the hand, by the side of tell-tale
evidence left on the Conditt walls. Finally, one day,
he got Felix Powell, whose diversions were few
enough, interested in an experiment of camphor-
smoked paper upon which almost photographic re-
312 Captain Bill McDonald
productions of any yielding object could be made.
The negro was attracted by the results and willingly
enough made the impress of his open hand. Cap-
tain Bill felt a qualm of disappointment. Only the
dot for the stub of a little finger compared at all
with the print left by the murderer. Then suddenly
he had an inspiration. He put an object the size of
a closed knife into Felix's hand, and told him to
make a print with his fingers closed. The shadow
of the gallows stretched out toward Felix Powell in
that instant, but he did not know it. He pressed his
hand to the paper, and as he lifted it Bill Mc-
Donald's heart gave a fierce bound of triumph. The
likeness to the print of blood was exact. As Cap-
tain Bill said afterward, ^^ I saw that Felix PowelPs
hand with a knife in it, would fit the print left on
the Conditt walls, to a gnat 's heel. ' ' Something of
what was in his captor's mind must have filtered
into the skull of Felix Powell, then, for he became
wary and frightened, and when Captain Bill urged
him to make other prints he moved his hand each
time and blurred them. He was anxious, too, to
know what use was going to be made of the ones al-
ready taken. When later he learned what had been
done with them, and that his hand was identical with
a bloody print found on the Conditt premises, he
broke out in a rage.
" Aren't there any other hand like that in the
world? " he cried.
There could be none. The tests of measurement
The Conditt Mystery Solved 313
and the similarity of line had been applied. They
tallied exactly. They convinced Sheriff Egg com-
pletely— they convinced the most skeptical in Edna.
When that examining trial ended, Captain Bill Mc-
Donald, Ranger and detective, from being a man
whose presence was resented and whose theories
were despised, became suddenly to the people of
Edna a mighty criminal sleuth ; a veritable Sherlock
Holmes; a hero whose name was on every tongue.
Outside of Edna, Texas had suspected this before,
but now Edna took the lead in singing his praises,
and every paper in the State joined in the chorus.
It is not within the purpose of this book to follow
here the case of the Conditt murderers through the
courts. The evidence as finally accumulated was
voluminous and damning so far as Felix Powell and
Monk Gibson were concerned. That Monk Gibson
was a tool of Powell (and perhaps of others) was
most likely, for it was proven that Powell had been
seen walking around and around the field with him
as he plowed, early on the morning of the murder,
and the big track and the smaller one had been
found there, side by side. That Powell had enticed
the negro boy to join in the crime, we may easily
believe, and that Monk Gibson had joined in that
fearful tragedy cannot be doubted, and he had
plowed on until one o'clock with those dead bodies
lying there close by, thus giving his confederate, or
confederates, a chance to establish an alibi, probably
in accordance with a preconcerted plan.
314 Captain Bill McDonald
Both Powell and Gibson paid the extreme penalty
of their crime. Powell went to the gallows at
Victoria, Texas, on the 2d of April, 1907. Monk
Gibson was hanged at Cuero, Texas, a year later, in
June. Neither made any confession that was of legal
value, though Gibson, a few minutes before his ex-
ecution, gave to Captain McDonald a rambling state-
ment in which he involved others besides Powell.
The cases of Henry Howard and of the women ar-
rested as accessories to the plot and its execution,
had not been disposed of when this was written.
Howard was then under indictment as principal and
accessory on evidence supplied by McDonald.
Whether that evidence is found sufficient to convict
will only be decided by the juries of the future.
XXXVIII
The Brownsville Episode
xn event op national importance. the twenty-
FIFTH infantry's MIDNIGHT RAID
The year 1906 was Captain Bill McDonald's last
and most important year in the Ranger service. He
was still concerned in the work at Edna when there
occurred not far away an event in which certain
negro characteristics were even more strikingly
manifested — an event which was presently to grow
into an episode of national importance.
On the night of August 13, 1906, armed men, in
number from ten to twenty, believed to be colored
soldiers of the Twenty-fifth Infantry, quartered at
Brownsville, Texas, appeared about midnight upon
the streets and ^* shot up the town,'' firing reck-
lessly into many buildings, killing one man, severely
wounding another and endangering the lives of
many citizens. Official investigation failed to
identify the offenders, and three months later. Presi-
dent Roosevelt assuming that the offense was never-
theless committed by certain members of the
Twenty-fifth Infantry, with guilty knowledge on the
part of their comrades, dismissed the entire com-
mand, ^* without honor," on the ground that the
three companies, numbering one himdred and
316 Captain BUI McDonald
seventy men, had banded in a * * conspiracy of silence
for the purpose of shielding those who took part in
the original conspiracy of murder.''
Captain William J. McDonald, then of the State
Eangers, was prominently identified with the early
investigation of this unusual episode, and the story
of his court of inquiry, with its revelations, and of
his remarkable experiences following the same, has
become history.
Brownsville, Texas, is a city of less than ten thou-
sand population, situated on the north bank of the
Eio Grande, in the extreme southern portion of the
State. It has long been a military point — its gar-
rison. Fort Brown, being situated but a little way
from the business center. Opposite Brownsville, on
the Mexican side of the river, lies Matamoras.
Late in the summer of 1906, three negro com-
panies— B, C, and D, of the Twenty-fifth Infantry,
Major C. W. Penrose commanding, were ordered to
Brownsville, and quartered at Fort Brown. They
arrived July 28th, in bad humor. There was a
military encampment of State troops at Austin, and
they had not been permitted to participate in the
maneuvers — drills, sham battles and the like — in
progress there. They had been told that the Texas
boys did not care to drill with them — that if they
went to Austin and took part in the sham battles,
blank cartridges might be discarded for real ones
by the white troops. Of course this was idle talk,
but they repeated it and nursed their resentment.
The Brownsville Episode 317
becoming noisy and braggart, as ignorant men,
whether white or negro, will. On the way they had
torn down the signs, ** For Negroes," placed by law,
in the South, in the cars intended for colored pas-
sengers, and had boasted to the conductor that * ' all
women in Brownsville would look alike to them,
whether white, negro or Mexican. * '
They were not long in beginning their demon-
strations. They set in drinking immediately upon
their arrival, and their anger grew when they found
they were not permitted to drink at the bar with
white men, increasing still further in violence when
one or more of the saloons set up a separate bar
for their accommodation. They became loud and
insolent on the street; crowded white women from
the walks, and made themselves generally offensive
and hateful.
Brownsville as a community did not openly resent
these indignities, but individuals did. A Mr. Tate,
an inspector of customs, whose wife was run over
and rudely jostled by a negro soldier, administered
summary correction with the butt of his revolver.
In another case an ex-ranger named Bates applied
like treatment for similar offense. A third instance
is recorded of a negro soldier who, returning drunk
from Matamoras — a favorite excursion point — was
ordered to move on -by a Mr. Baker, another in-
spector of customs, and upon becoming more ob-
noxious was eventually pushed into the mud. But
public feeling reached the boiling-iDoint when a Mrs.
318 Captain Bill McDonald
Evans — a lady of refinement — upon dismounting
from her horse was seized by the hair and dragged
violently to the ground by a tall negro soldier. She
clung to the bridle of the frightened animal, that
reared and plunged and finally tore her free from
her assailant, who then ran away. As a result of
this assault, patrols were put on and soldiers ' passes
canceled. This doubtless added to the ire of the
negroes, and whatever purpose of retaliation they
may have had would appear to have assumed
definite form. The catastrophe was not delayed.
Monday, August 13, was a rather quiet day, owing
to the new restrictions, and a majority of the citi-
zens perhaps believed that their troubles with the
military were over. But there were others who
claimed to have heard muttered threats, and these,
as evening drew on, were anxious and watchful. It
was about midnight that a bar-keeper named Natus
was serving a final round of drinks to a few belated
customers, white men, in a saloon where a bar had
been erected for the accommodation of negro
soldiers. The men lingering about the bar were
talking quietly, and it is certain that they had been
discussing the possibility of an outbreak from the
garrison. Suddenly they were startled by a suc-
cession of shots, loud voices and general commotion
from the direction of the fort. One of the group
cried out :
* ^ That must be the niggers coming, now ! ' '
A fusillade followed, coming nearer. The bar-
The Brownsville Episode '319
keeper, Natus, sprang to the front doors, flung them
shut, and fastened them. An instant later, he ran
into the back yard to prevent entrance in that quar-
ter. He was not in time. Before he could close the
gate, he received a volley, and dropped dead.
The mob of murderers passed on, pouring their
fire into houses where men, women and little children
were asleep. Their course was up an alley, leading
from the fort through the town. Already, before
killing Natus, they had fired on a house in which
were two women and five children — one of the shots
putting out a lamp. Ten shots had passed through
this house, all aimed about four and a half feet above
the floor, evidently intended to kill. They had next
met the chief of the police, fired upon him, killing his
horse and shattering his arm. Next came the Miller
Hotel, where they fired at guests in the windows,
breaking the glass and filling the casements with bul-
lets. They shot at whatever they saw moving, and
wherever they saw a light. In a house where a wo-
man and two children were asleep, two bullets passed
through the mosquito bar that covered their bed.
For two blocks and a half the assault on the defense-
less street continued, then suddenly the assassins
disappeared in the direction of the fort — the mid-
night raid was over. In ten minutes had been writ-
ten a unique chapter in the history of the American
Army — a chapter that would be told, and retold, and
debated and deformed until its volumes would fill a
library.
320 Captain Bill McDonald
And now from the garrison came shouts and the
sound of bugle — a general call to arms. The town,
already in a turmoil, fell into a panic of fear and
disorder. A renewal of the attack was expected at
any moment. It was believed that a general mas-
sacre would take place. Men armed themselves with
whatever they could lay hands on ; women and chil-
dren hid themselves and waited in terror and trem-
bling.
Morning came without further assault. Daylight
showed the shattered glass, the bullet holes in the
weather-boards and window casings, and, on the
street, empty shells, cartridges and clips — of govern-
ment rifles. At one place in the mud lay a soldier
cap. The night had been too dark and the town too
poorly lighted to identify the individuals of the mob,
but the evidence as to its origin seemed unmis-
takable.
A citizen committee to deal with the situation was
quickly formed. Telegraphic reports of the out-
break, with urgent demands for immediate action
and for the removal of the negro troops, were sent
to Governor Lanham, General Hulen, Senators
Bailey and Culberson and to the President of the
United States. No immediate relief seemed forth-
coming from any source. Governor Lanham waited
for Washington, Washington waited for an inves-
tigation. The public at large took but a small in-
terest in the whole affair — the metropolitan dailies
according it but the barest mention in obscure
The Brownsville Episode 321
corners. It would be a big matter to them some day.
It was a big matter to Brownsville already.
** We cannot convince our women and children
that another outbreak may not occur at any time.
Their condition is deplorable. They will scarcely
venture out of their homes and only feel secure
there by our maintaining a heavy guard and patrol
of armed citizens every night. We know the ac-
cidental discharge of a fire-arm, any overt act of an
excited citizen — and our citizens are fearfully ex-
cited— would precipitate upon us the whole negro
force at Fort Brown.'* . . . This from a tele-
gram sent to President Roosevelt on August 18, five
days after the raid. Brownsville was in a sad plight
indeed.
Three days more brought no relief from any
source. At the fort, the soldiers were kept under
arms, perhaps fearing a general attack from the
citizens, while on their part the citizens expected a
general outbreak of the troops, at any moment. The
officers in command were supposed to be conducting
an investigation, and when it was given out that the
midnight attack could not have come from the gar-
rison, but had probably been made by a gang of
Mexicans from across the river; when it was fur-
ther stated that the garrison had been attacked, and
the shots said to have been fired from there during
the raid, had been fired in defense ; such statements
only meant, to the citizens of Brownsville, that
Major Penrose and his officers were going to protect
322 Captain Bill McDonald
their troops, or had been intimidated by them.
Eumors of another outbreak continued. Women
barely slept. Men began to move their families
away. Two rangers of Captain McDonald ^s com-
mand— Blaze Delling and Sam McKenzie — came
over from a subordinate ranger camp at Harlingen,
twenty-five miles distant, and these undertook to
collect evidence, and aided in patroling the town.
Other appeals for help had brought no result. Tele-
grams for relief were answered non-committally, or
not at all. When Captain McDonald himself, with
the other two members of his little company —
Sergeant W. J. McCauley and C. T. Ryan — arrived
on the evening of the twenty-first, Brownsville,
resentful and despairing, hailed the veteran regu-
lator with open arms.
XXXIX
Captain Bill on the Scene
the situation at brownsville. rangers mcdonald
and mc cauley defy the u. s. army.
captain bill holds a court
of inquiry
Captain McDonald had been serving as Sergeant-
at-Arms for the Democratic State Convention at Dal-
las when the Brownsville attack occurred. Browns-
ville was in his district and he had expected to be or-
dered there at once, but was counseled by Governor
Lanham to remain in Dallas until Adjutant-General
Hulen, of the State troops, then maneuvering at
Austin, should be advised to act. On the morning
after the outbreak. General Hulen had been im-
plored by the mayor and citizens of Brownsville to
come to their relief, and Captain McDonald sup-
posed that Hulen would promptly respond, with
troops from the Austin encampment. A few days
later, when the convention ended, the Eanger Cap-
tain hurried to Austin and found that no action of
any kind was in progress, or contemplated. The
State troops were still at Camp Mabry, maneuver-
ing, and firing blank cartridges. Captain Bill went
out there.
324 Captain Bill McDonald
*^ Give me some of the men that are over there
bombarding the hills, and I'll go down and settle
that Brownsville business/' he said.
General Hulen replied that he had no authority to
investigate any action of Federal troops; to do so
would be to invite a charge to treason.
* * Treason ! ' ' said Captain Bill, * ' Why, them
hellions have violated the laws of the State, shoot-
ing into people 's houses and committing murder. I
don't care what else they are, they're criminals.
It's my sworn duty to investigate such business as
that, and I'm going to do it, if I have to go there
alone! " And Captain Bill might have added, ^' If
this be treason, make the most of it."
Certainly he did not consider that he needed other
authority to hunt down criminals than that invested
in him as Captain of Company B, Eanger Force.
The Commonwealth of Texas and its laws had been
for a quarter of a century — first, last and all the
time — ^his chief consideration. To him, Texas was
the biggest thing under the sky. Without further
discussion, now, he proceeded immediately to his
headquarters at Alice, picked up McCauley and
Eyan, and hurried to Brownsville. At Corpus
Christi, District Judge Stanley Welch, who had an
office at Brownsville, boarded the train. He greeted
Captain McDonald and his Eangers with enthusiasm,
and spoke feelingly of the fact that nothing had
been done by either State or Federal authorities.
He assured the Eangers that they had full power
Captain Bill on the Scene 325
to take such steps and to use such means as were
necessary to identify and punish the offenders.
It was about six o 'clock in the evening of Tuesday,
August 21, that Captain Bill and his little force of
two reached Brownsville. The Captain immediately
paid a visit to Mayor Combe, and to Chairman of
the Citizens' Committee Kelley. He learned that a
Major Blocksom, under orders from Washington,
had arrived at the fort, to join Major Penrose in
his investigations, but that neither these officers nor
the Citizens' Committee had made any progress to-
ward the identification of the criminals. Members
of the committee further informed the Captain that
in spite of some existing prejudice among the towns-
people. Major Penrose was an estimable gentleman,
doing all in his power to bring the offenders to
justice. He had stated, they said, that he would get
to the bottom of the mystery if it took him ten years
to do it.
* * Ten years ! ' ' said Captain Bill. * * What does
he need all that time for? He could do it in ten
minutes, if he wanted to and tried. He knows his
men, and he could find out who was absent during
the shooting. And he knows just about who would
be likely to get into a gang like that. I'll find them
out, myself, and I won't be ten years about it — nor
ten days, neither." '
They applauded Captain Bill, then, and added him
to the Citizens' Committee. They knew the sort of
thing he had done, time and again, and that he was
326 Captain Bill McDonald
not given to vain boastings. Also, they denonnced
their chief State officials and the country generally
for indifference and inaction.
Captain McDonald now looked up his two men,
Delling and McKenzie, to learn what they had done.
They had done a good deal in a quiet way. They
had discovered Mexicans living near the post who
claimed to have seen shots fired from there, before
and during the raid, and to have followed the track
of the raiders by the flash of their guns. Further,
the Rangers had learned that a squad of soldiers,
with Captain Lyon of Company C, had visited the
jail immediately after the shooting-up of the town,
claiming that citizens had fired on the post, and
making a demand for Captain Macklin (white) and
Corporal Miller (colored), of Company B. Captain
Lyon had not explained why he expected to find
these officers in jail, perhaps leaving it to be as-
sumed that they had taken refuge there during the
attack mentioned. Delling and McKenzie also had
located two ex-soldiers (negroes) supposed to have
been out with the mob — at least, it seemed certain
that they had inside knowledge of the matter. One
of these ex-soldiers kept a saloon a distance from
the center of the town, and the Eangers had ascer-
tained that on the evening of the raid this saloon
had closed earlier than usual, a suspicious circum-
stance. McDonald and his men worked most of the
night, continuing these investigations. They located
one of the ex-soldiers and lodged him in jail, where
Captain Bill on the Scene 327
Captain Bill put him through a sort of *' third
degree " examination. Later he looked up the pris-
oner's wife and questioned her. By morning he had
learned enough to warrant him in beginning an in-
vestigation in the fort itself.
With his sergeant, W. J. McCauley, '* one of the
bravest and best/' he was on his way to the fort
next morning, when he was stopped by members of
the Citizens' Committee.
*' You can never go into that fort and come out
alive," they said.
'' Why not? "
** Because those men are all under arms, and ex-
cited. Unless you can show an order from Major
Penrose they will shoot you down, sure."
** Well, I'm sorry, but I'm not going to get any
order from Penrose. Them niggers have violated
the laws of the State, and it's my duty to investigate
the crime. I never yet had to have an order to go
any place my duty called me. I'm going into that
fort, and the only pass I want I've got right here."
The Captain carried an automatic shot-gun that
would go off about half a dozen times a second, and
his sergeant bore a Winchester repeating rifle, also
automatic in its action. These lay in position for
easy and immediate use. The two men had been
together in many conflicts, and had faced death too
often to waver now. McKenzie, Delling and Ryan
had been left behind so that in event of a fight at
the entrance, and another outbreak, the town would
328 Captain Bill McDonald
not be without protection. The committee stepped
aside, and McDonald and McCauley proceeded to
the garrison. At the entrance they were suddenly
confronted by a file of about twenty soldiers, with
rifles leveled.
'^Halt!"
Captain Bill and his sergeant never even hesi-
tated. With their own arms in position for instant
action they marched steadily into the muzzles of those
leveled guns — the Captain, meantime, admonishing
the men behind them.
*^ You niggers, hold up there! YouVe already
got into trouble with them old guns of yours. I'm
Captain McDonald, of the State Rangers, and I'm
down here to investigate a foul murder you scoun-
drels have committed. I'll show you niggers some-
thing you've never been use' to. Put up them
guns! ''
And the guns went up, with the quick, concerted
movement of a drill. There was something in that
total disregard of danger — in that tone and manner
and in those eyes, now gray and hard and penetrat-
ing— that inspired awe and obedience. Captain Bill
gave them no time to reflect.
'' Now, Where's Major Penrose? " he said.
The negroes became respectful, even deferential.
One of them said: ** Yes, suh, cap'n — ^yes, suh.
Major Penrose is right over in his house — second
building, suh."
** One of you niggers come and show him to me."
Captain Bill on the Scene 329
Captain Bill, it may be remembered, does not
mince his words. A white man who has committed
a crime is, to him, always a ** scoundrel,'* or worse,
openly. A black offender, to him, is not a negro, or
a colored man, but a ** nigger,'' usually with pic-
torial adjectives.
One of the men now hastily escorted the Eanger
Captain and his sergeant to Major Penrose's head-
quarters. Major Blocksom, who already, perhaps,
had seen enough to warrant his subsequent char-
acterization of Captain Bill's willingness to ** charge
hell with a bucket of water," was on hand; also,
District Attorney Kleiber. As the Captain entered,
he said:
^ * I am Captain McDonald, of the State Eangers.
I am here to investigate a very foul murder, which
these men of yours have committed."
Major Penrose, rising, said :
** Come into my office."
They went in, followed by the others. Captain
McDonald seated himself at the end of the table,
with Sergeant McCauley at his left and Major Pen-
rose at his right. Attorney Kleiber and Major
Blocksom sat below, on either side. The court of
inquiry was open. There were no preliminaries.
** Major Penrose," Captain Bill began, ** I have
come here to see what you can tell me about this
murder that has been committed in Brownsville."
Penrose replied readily, and with apparent frank-
ness:
330 Captain Bill McDonald
* * I can tell you absolutely nothing. I cannot find
out a thing from my men."
Captain Bill faced him steadily.
** Well, it seems very strange to me," he said,
* * that you cannot find out anything about your own
men. IVe been in charge of men for twenty years,
and IVe never had any that I couldn't find out any-
thing I wanted to know from, if they knew it."
Major Penrose looked a trifle depressed.
'* Here in a little camp of less than two hundred
men," Captain Bill went on, ^^ fifteen or twenty of
them break out and shoot into people's houses and
commit murder and then come back to quarters.
And yet you can't detect any of the criminals. How
about the officer of the day and the guard in charge
of the guns and ammunition? Don't they know
anything? "
Major Penrose shifted a little.
** The colored officers probably know whatever
there is to know about this matter," he said, ^^ but
I have no way of getting it out of them. ' '
* * Well then, I have, ' ' declared Captain Bill.
** Very well," assented Penrose, ** I wish you
would do it."
The Eanger Captain became suddenly a fox — his
ears alert, his nose sharp, his eyes needle-pointed.
** What niggers were out that night? " he asked.
** Only two were out that night, and all answered
to roll-call, at eight and eleven o'clock."
** You are sure only two were out that night? "
Captain Bill on the Scene 331
** Perfectly sure/'
'* How about Corporal Miller and Sergeant Jack-
son? "
** Corporal Miller was here, I know, because I saw
him. Captain Macklin also saw him and talked with
him."
'* Where was Captain Macklin, at the time? ''
** He was officer of the day, and in charge that
evening. ' '
'' Send and get Captain Macklin; I want to talk
to him. ' '
Captain Macklin of Company B arrived, wearing
a sort of uneasy bravado, which did not improve
under Captain Bill's keen scrutiny.
** How many of your men. Captain Macklin, had
passes on the evening of August 13th? '' was the
first question.
** Only two,'' replied Macklin, giving two names
not down on Captain McDonald 's list of suspects.
** Where were the others? "
** They were all in the barracks and answered to
eight o'clock and eleven o'clock roll-call."
** What happened after that time? "
'* I don't know. I went to my quarters soon after
eleven o'clock and turned in a little before twelve.
I was asleep when I heard somebody knock on my
door. I got up and found it was about ten minutes
after midnight. I didn't know what the knock was
for, so I smoked a couple of pipes and drank a bottle
of beer and went back to bed. I got up again at
332 Captain Bill McDonald
three o^clock, when everything was in commotion."
** Now, Maeklin, your quarters are just back of
Company B's barracks; it was a hot night and the
windows were open, and according to your own
story you were awake just when all this shooting
and racket and the call to arms came off. How does
it come you didn 't hear it ? ' '
Captain Maeklin looked rather discomposed.
** Well, I was only awake a little while, and of
course I was pretty sleepy. ' '
** You were awake enough to smoke two pipes and
drink a bottle of beer? "
'' Yes."
*' And you couldn't have done it in a minute."
'' Well, no."
*' And yet you say you didn't hear a thing of what
was going on outside? "
* ' Well, of course, I suppose I did hear noises, but
I didn't think them anything unusual."
^ * Nothing unusual about shooting and bugle blow-
ing and a general call to arms? "
** I didn't say that I heard those. Of course I
didn 't hear them. ' '
** How did it happen, Maeklin, that Captain Lyon
and some men, after the raid that night, went to the
jail to find you? "
*^ They didn't do it. I never heard of it, at all."
'* Where was Corporal Miller that night? "
Captain Maeklin was clearly relieved to get away
from the story of his own personal movements on
the night of that fateful 13th.
Captain Bill on the Scene 333
** Corporal Miller was in the barracks. He was
present at both roll-calls.''
** Very well, send for Corporal Miller. Send and
get that Miller nigger and let me talk to him.''
Corporal Miller came promptly. He carried his
gun and wore the air of a major general. His man-
ner was distinctly defiant and insolent. Nobody
said anything for a moment, but Captain Bill's
X-ray eyes were boring him through. Miller grew
uneasy, shifted his feet and seemed to be shriveling.
Major Blocksom said :
** Corporal, Captain McDonald wants to ask you
some questions. Set your gim down over there."
Miller obeyed rather sullenly, and came to atten-
tion.
** Miller," said Captain Bill, ** where were you on
the night this murder was committed? "
The tone and directness of the question dazed the
man. He did not immediately find words. The
Captain repeated:
** I want you to tell me. Miller, where you were
when this murder was committed, on the night of
August the 13th."
If Corporal Miller had any other story to tell,
he had forgotten it.
*^ I was down town," he said.
** How long had you been down there? "
** All the evening, ever since dark."
** Where were you before that? "
* * I was over in Matamoras. I came back to Mack
334 Captain Bill McDonald
Hamilton's house (Hamilton was the ex-soldier
already in jail), and sat talking to his wife. Then I
went up town. When the shooting happened, I was
down the other side the beef market, at a saloon. ' '
Captain BilPs eyes gleamed a little. All of this
was in direct contradiction to the testimony of
Major Penrose and Captain Macklin.
^' Now, Miller, '' he said, ^^ you couldn't have been
anywhere you say, because you were here at eight
o'clock and eleven o'clock, and answered to roll-
call."
It was impossible for the man to reason, just then.
He only realized that his statement was being con-
tradicted, and that he was on the defensive.
* * I reckon I know where I was ! " he said sullenly.
Captain Bill was seemingly aroused.
** You scoundrel, don't you give me any of your
back talk ! You answer my questions, sir ! "
At this point Major Penrose interposed a query
as to the whereabouts of Miller at some previous
time — during a shooting affair that had occurred
ten years before. Captain Bill promptly checked
this diversion. He said :
** Hold on there, Penrose, we don't care for that
now. I'm investigating what happened last week.
You-all failed to find out anything. I'm finding out
something. When I get through with Miller you can
ask him about ninety-six ot seventy-six, if you want
to." Then, to Miller: '' What did you do after the
shooting? "
Captain Bill on the Scene 335
The man's reply became a mixture of incongrui-
ties. He had stayed at the saloon, he said, until all
was quiet, about one o'clock. Then he had come up
to the Post, to defend it, having heard that it had
been attacked by citizens. Captain Lyon had a squad
of forty-five men out looking for Captain Macklin
at the jail. He, Miller, had taken a gun from a gun-
rack that had been broken open, and joined the
search. He didn't know why Captain Lyon had ex-
pected to find Captain Macklin in jail.
Corporal Miller was excused and other negroes
summoned and examined. Their stories were con-
fused, contradictory and full of guilt. Finally a
soldier appeared, whose name, C. W. Askew, cor-
responded with the initials written in the cap, found
in the street the morning after the raid.
Askew came in with the usual * * sassy ' ' look,
faced Captain Bill, wilted, and lost his memory. He
had previously lost his hearing, it would seem, for
like Captain Macklin, he had heard nothing of the
shooting, or the confusion, until the call to arms,
when he had hurried to a rack that was broken open
and got the first gun he came to.
** Let me see your cap," said Captain McDonald.
Askew handed it over.
The cap was a new one. Inside were the initials,
*' C. W. A." freshly written and corresponding ex-
actly with those in the cap found on the street.
Captain Bill handed it back.
** Where is your old one? " he said.
336 Captain Bill McDonald
** IVe got two or three old ones.''
^^ I want to see them; get them and bring them
here. ' '
Askew started for his caps and Captain Macklin
went with him. They returned, presently, with two
old caps, in size 7% and 7%, respectively. Askew 's
new cap and the one found in the mud were both
number 7's. Captain Bill look them over, then
turned to Askew.
'^ Don't you generally write your name in your
caps? " he asked.
'* Yes, sir, most generally. Anyhow, I do some-
times."
* * Did you write your initials in this new cap 1 Is
the handwriting yours ? ' '
'' Yes, sir."
** That will do. You can go, now."
C. W. Askew of Company B, Twenty-seventh In-
fantry, withdrew, and Captain Bill was alone with
his board of inquiry. For some moments he re-
garded the two officers with silent scorn. Then, to
Major Penrose, he said :
*^ When I came here you told me you couldn't
find out anything. I've been here a half an hour
and I've found out enough, with what I got last
night, to warrant me in charging a bunch of your
men with murder. How do you explain that? "
Major Penrose's face showed that he was un-
happy. He said :
*' You have had more experience in such matters,
and understand better how to go at it than I do. "
Captain Bill on the Scene 337
** Yes, I have only asked for the facts — that's all.
I didn't try to get anybody to tell me a lie. I've
found that a whole bunch of these niggers was out
that you and your captain said was in. You-all are
trying to cover up this matter, and it makes you just
as sorry and guilty as these niggers, making you
accessories to the crime."
In employing the word *^ sorry " here. Captain
Bill meant ^^ mean " and ** paltry," but any one
could see that the word applied equally well in its
other uses.
^' You are sorrier than these niggers," he went
on, '* because you, as their officers, and as men of
the United States Army, ought to be first to hunt
out the guilty ones, instead of trying to hide them.
As for Macklin there I think he was out with the
niggers, and when he didn 't come home with them —
he having got scared and hid out, I reckon — they
thought he'd got caught and put in jail." *
Captain Bill turned to District Attorney Kleiber.
* " Captain Lyon claimed he could not find Captain Macklin any-
where and went to the jail and other places looking for him. . . .
Some of Lyon's men after leaving the jail met five white gentlemen and
threatened to shoot hell out of them and called them * d — d white s —
o — b — .' I have their names (meaning the names of the gentlemen),
and some of them claim they could identify the soldiers that used this
epithet. . . . Lyon and his crowd then went to where the murder
was committed and found a policeman with a gun, and one of them
said: 'There is a s — of a b — now with a gun.' The whole crowd of
forty-five men cocked their guns on him and would have taken his gim,
but he was one that was not afraid of them and talked back to the
black devils, and of course they let him alone."
From Captain McDonald's report to Governor Lanham and Adjutant-'
General Hulen.
338 Captain Bill McDonald
' * I want to make a complaint, ' ' he said, ^ ' against
these men here for being accessories to this murder
by trying to cover it up. If this kind of thing is
going on in the army, it's time the country found it
out''
Neither Major Penrose nor Captain Macklin
made any coherent defense to these charges, and
Captain McDonald, with his sergeant, left the Post.
The Rangers spent the rest of the day in completing
the evidence against the thirteen suspects — one ex-
soldier and twelve privates of Company B. It did
not appear that members of the other two com-
panies had taken part in the raid, though there was
plenty of evidence to show that many of them had
full knowledge of the afPair and of the parties con-
cerned. District Judge Welch issued the warrants,
declaring the evidence amply sufficient, and heartily
approving Captain McDonald's action throughout
— District Attorney Kleiber assenting. They agreed
that the statutes clearly gave the Ranger Captain
the right to arrest and hold any offender against
the State law, whether in federal or civil employ.
The cases of Officers Penrose and Macklin, however,
they decided to leave to military tribunals.
On the following morning, Thursday, August 23d,
armed with the warrants. Captain McDonald and
Sergeant McCauley again appeared at the entrance
of Fort Brown. Evidently the garrison had re-
covered its poise a little over-night, and was again
defiant, for once more a file of men with guns stood
Captain Bill on the Scene 339
there to bar admission. Among this guard were
Corporal Miller, Sergeant Jackson and most of the
other suspects. As the Rangers approached, the U.
S. rifles once more came to a level accompanied, as
before by the peremptory word,
'' Halt! ''
Captain Bill, looking along the barrel of his auto-
matic shot-gun, was inclined to be almost polite.
** What do you damned niggers want, this time? '*
he said.
** You must get an order from Major Penrose to
come in here to-day, ' ' was the answer.
** You niggers put up them guns! YouVe al-
ready committed one murder! ^' was Captain Bill's
single comment as with Sergeant McCauley he
pushed straight ahead. Both Rangers entered with
their own guns leveled, and would have opened fire
instantly had there been the slightest movement on
the part of the guard. But whatever their orders,
the negroes gave way and made no further resist-
ance.
The Rangers presently found Major Penrose and
showed him a warrant for twelve of his men. The
officer appeared to have cheered up a bit. He ran
down the list with quite a business-like air.
** YouVe got six or eight of the right men," he
said, ** but the others were not in if
** Oh, then you do know that some of your men
are guilty — and who they are," commented Captain
Bill. <* Well, pick *em out. Which ones are they! "
340 Captain Bill McDonald
Penrose hesitated.
*^ I mean that you have six or eight of the right
kind of men,'' he qualified.
* '■ All right, then pick out the ones that are not the
right kind of men.''
But the major would not or could not undertake
to do this. McDonald then said :
** Now, I'll tell you what I want you to do with
these men. I don't want to put them in the jail; the
sheriff is no good, and it would take too many of my
men to guard them. I want you to put them in the
guard-house here and hold them on this warrant
until I get through investigating. Will you do that
much! "
Penrose first refused, but Major Blocksom, who
was present, said that this was a fair proposition,
and the major agreed to do it. The men were placed
under guard and there seemed a reasonable chance
that the whole matter would be sifted by the courts
and that the guilty would be punished. The Eangers
left the garrison to continue their inquiries about
town, in the pursuit of further evidence, well satis-
fied with their progress thus far, and greeted every-
where with the congratulations of thankful citizens.
XL
What Finally Happened at Brownsville
how state officers failed to support the men who
quieted disorder and located crime
But, meantime, something was going on. Tele-
grams were racing to and fro between Fort Brown
and Washington, and in the course of the day Cap-
tain McDonald noticed that Major Penrose and his
officers were paying visits to prominent Brownsville
attorneys. A whisper came to him that the three
comijanies were to be moved — the prisoners with the
others. Noticing that the major and his com-
panions went into the office of James B. Wells — a
prominent lawyer, formerly judge of the district —
the Eanger Captain and one of his men followed
them. Immediately upon the entrance of the
Eangers, the conference, such as it was broke up.
Evidently something was on foot, but Captain Mc-
Donald, strong in his faith in the law as expounded
to him by Judge Welch and Attorney Kleiber ; also,
in the co-operation of these officials, expected nothing
more serious than the removal of the remainder of
the troops. An order for such removal was, in fact,
received on that day — August 23d.
342 Captain Bill McDonald
It was on Friday, the 24th, that matters reached
a climax. Early that morning Judge Wells —
*^ Jim '^ Wells, as he was familiarly called — ^met
Captain McDonald with some news. (The two were
of old acquaintance.) Wells said:
** They are going to take your prisoners away,
Bill, and you can 't help yourself. ' '
^^ The hell I can't! I'd like to see them take my
niggers away from me, and me with warrants for
them, issued on the authority of the judge and at-
torney of this district. Where 'd you get your in-
formation? ''
Wells replied that it had come through the tele-
graph operator, and that the order was to move the
prisoners with the balance of the troops. Captain
Bill did not fully credit this news, but he set out
at once for the office of Judge Welch, who had
issued the warrants. In front of the clerk's office
he met Welch; also. District Attorney Kleiber and
Major Blocksom. Captain Bill suspected that Major
Blocksom was in league with Penrose to get the
prisoners away, and he did not much like the ap-
pearance of the three there together. With his
usual frankness he stated what was in his mind,
adding the information just received from Judge
Wells. He was assured by Judge Welch that no
movement looking to the removal of the prisoners
was in progress, and by Major Blocksom that Major
Penrose's agreement to hold the prisoners subject
to his (McDonald's) orders would be carried out.
What Finally Happened at Brownsville 343
Still, the captain was not entirely satisfied. For
some reason there appeared to be a change in the
official atmosphere of Brownsville since his arrival.
When the city was in despair, he had been welcomed
with open arms and accorded all authority. Now
that he had entered the dreaded stronghold, in de-
fiance of loaded muskets, and placed the very crimi-
nals behind them under arrest ; now that nobody was
any longer afraid of an outbreak, and women and
children could sleep at night, there seemed a dis-
position to ignore his work and his authority. He
could not believe that in their anxiety to be rid of
the negro troops, the citizens of Brownsville would
willingly surrender men who had committed murder
in the streets, and trust to the meager chance of the
offenders getting justice in a military investigation,
a sample of which the city had already seen. It was
his purpose not to allow the accused men to leave
the jurisdiction of the county until a complete in-
vestigation could be made. He was satisfied that
Major Penrose and his associates were fighting that
investigation, and he suspected that they had by
some means obtained the co-operation of the local
authorities.
While considering what to do next, Captain Bill
became aware that a company of negro troops had
already left the Fort and were marching to the rail-
way station. Promptly mustering his Rangers he
accompanied the soldiers, making sure, meantime,
that they had none of his prisoners among them.
344 Captain Bill McDonald
As a precaution against being taken unawares, he
then notified the railway officials that the special
train made up for the removal of the troops would
not be permitted to leave Brownsville until he was
satisfied that it had none of his prisoners aboard.
It did not occur to Captain Bill that there was any
suggestion of humor in the fact that he was ranging
himself, with his little company, against what is
usually regarded as a strong combination — a rail-
road company backed by the United States Army;
the latter represented by three companies of armed
and unruly negroes. It may be added that in the
performance of his duty he would without a mo-
ment's hesitation have opened fire on all three com-
panies. Captain Bill has almost no sense of humor,
sometimes.
Eeturning from the station he saw another com-
pany of soldiers leaving Fort Brown. Seeing the
approach of the Eangers, this company halted, hesi-
tated, wheeled and once more entered the fort. The
Eangers now arrayed themselves in front of the
entrance, and stood guard. Presently the company
that had marched to the station also returned and
entered the enclosure. Nothing further happened.
Mobody else attempted to leave the Fort. By and
by, the Eanger Captain left his men on guard and
went over to the office of District Judge Welch. As
he entered, he noticed that Major Penrose and one
of his officers. Captain Lyon, were in close conversa-
tion with Welch, and he heard Welch say :
What Finally Happened at Brownsville 345
'' Well, that will be all right! ''
Captain did not hesitate.
** Judge/' he said earnestly, ** you are not com-
promising with these people! ''
** No, Captain, but the Major here has some
orders about these men. I've agreed to send them
out of the State, after we get through with them,
so they won't be bothered," and to Penrose he
added: ** This is the man who will have to escort
them out."
Captain Bill regarded him sternly. He believed
this to be a subterfuge.
** Judge," he said, ** those niggers are not going
to be moved from here. They are my prisoners,
and I'm going to hold them. I'm going to wire to
the Governor for assistance to help me hold them."
*' And I am going to move them away," said
Penrose, ** for I have an order from the President
to do it."
Captain Bill looked interested.
** I should like to see something from President
Roosevelt," he said. ** I was on a wolf hunt with
him once, and I know him very well. I should like
to see something from the President."
Major Penrose replied:
** This is confidential. I have shown it to the
judge, here; he can .tell you."
^* If it is confidential, how in the devil can you
show it to the judge, and not to me, when they're my
prisoners, and I 'm here representing the State f ' '
346 Captain Bill McDonald
Penrose qualified:
** It isn't exactly from the President; it's from
the Secretary of War. ' '
'' Well, I should like to see that.''
*^ I'm sorry, but I can't show it to you. I'm going
to move those men, however, at all hazards."
** And I'm going to hold them at all hazards,
until I get orders from Governor Lanham to the
contrary. I'm going now to wire for instructions
and assistance, and with my four men I can hold
them niggers, and your whole command, if necessary,
until the Governor says to let them go. ' '
Captain McDonald wired Governor Lanham im-
mediately, as follows:
''To Gov. S. W. T. Lanham and Gen. John A.
Hulen, Austin, Texas.
*' The military authorities are trying to take our
prisoners from here for the purpose of defending
them and defeating justice, and will attempt to do
so at once, over my protest. Please send assistance
to prevent this outrage. The officers are trying to
cover up the diabolical crime that I am about to
uncover, and it will be a shame to allow this to be
done. I turned warrants over to them in due form,
with the promise that they would hold the prisoners
in the guard-house, and turn them over to me when
called for. Everything is quiet, but I propose to do
my duty. ,, Signed, W. J. McDonald,
** Capt. Co B, Eanger Force.
No reply came from the Governor after a reason-
able wait, and without further delay Captain Mc-
What Finally Happened at Brownsville 347
Donald sent to the fort a formal demand for his
prisoners, reviewing fully the nature of their of-
fence. Major Penrose replied that he had been
directed by higher authority to assure the safety of
the said prisoners, and added that when such safety
was assured they would be delivered to the civil
authorities for trial. He added further,
'' After a most careful investigation I am unable
to find anyone, or party, in any way connected with
the crime of which you speak/'
The cat was out of the bag, and in full view, now.
Major Penrose, regardless of the revelations made
in his office, two days before (or, perhaps, because of
them) ; regardless also of his own confession that
Captain McDonald had got at least six of the right
men, had determined now to make a general and
complete denial. He had consulted legal advice —
the best in Brownsville — and the result was a plea
of * * not guilty ' ' for the entire command.
The captain immediately repeated the demand for
his prisoners, closing his note by requesting Major
Penrose, politely enough, to wait until he (Mc-
Donald) had received instructions from his superior
officers (the governor and adjutant general), before
attempting to move the men.
Major Penrose made no reply to this, and the
eventful day wore on. Toward evening it was
noticed that a group of officials was gathering in the
office of Judge Wells. Captain Bill took one of
his men and went over there, each carrying an auto-
348 Captain Bill McDonald
matic gun across his arm, as usual. They entered
unnoticed, and found a group which included Judge
Welch, Attorney Kleiber, Mayor Combe, Congress-
man Garner, State Senator Willacy and others.
Some very earnest talk was in progress in this
group, concerning a row and bloodshed which Bill
McDonald was likely to bring down upon the com-
munity, when, as a matter of fact, the Rangers had
brought to the community the only sense of security
it had known since the raid. Judge Welch, who had
been first to welcome the Ranger Captain and to
accord him authority, was now strenuously con-
demning that very authority and advocating its re-
moval. Just then he happened to catch sight of
Captain Bill and his Ranger, standing close by, their
guns across their arms. He came near falling over
in his surprise and there followed a moment of gen-
eral embarrassment for the '^ Anti-Ranger '' party.
Judge '^ Jim '^ Wells was the first to address the
captain.
** Bill," he said, '' you won^t listen to us. You're
going against the law and you're going to start a
row here that can't be stopped without terrible
sacrifice. Those nigger soldiers won't go away and
leave those prisoners behind without breaking out
again, and next time it will be a good deal worse.
They think those prisoners will be lynched, if they're
left here. They'll look after them all right, and turn
them over to the proper authorities. Don't, for
God's sake, get us into another row. Bill."
What Finally Happened at Brownsville 349
The Ranger Captain looked from one to another.
** There was a row here before I came/' he said.
'* There's been none since. I come here when the
town couldn't get anybody else to come, and you
fellows was all scared to death. As for the law, I
didn't go into that post until Judge Welch here and
the district attorney told me it was all right, and I
arrested them niggers on warrants that Judge Welch
issued. It's a strange thing to me that the law ain't
all right to-day, when it was all right yesterday and
day before. As for the rest of the niggers leaving,
they'll go fast enough when they get a chance, and
I'm going to keep my prisoners here till I get orders
from Governor Lanham to turn 'em loose. Further-
more, I don 't believe the people of Brownsville want
them taken away from here, and I'll tell you right
now, that so long as I and my men are here, them
niggers are in no danger, nor the people neither."
Judge Welch spoke up. He said :
** You haven't any sense, McDonald. You're run-
ning up against the local authorities as well as the
United States. I'll settle this thing, right here. I
want those warrants."
** Judge," said Captain Bill, ** those warrants
are not returnable until the third day of September,
and this is the Twenty-fourth of August. I'm going
to hold that bunch of niggers with those warrants
until I hear from Governor Lanham. I've wired
the governor for assistance, and I'm waiting now to
hear from him."
350 Captain Bill McDonald
Congressman Garner spoke up at this point.
** That is a very reasonable request of Captain
McDonald's,'' he said, ** that the prisoners be held
until he can hear from the governor."
Captain Bill parleyed no further, but leaving the
group, crossed over to the Miller Hotel — the same
that had been fired on by the mob.
Still no word from the governor and adjutant
general. That they were being bombarded with tele-
grams and protests, and that every influence was
being brought to bear, the Captain did not doubt. Yet
he did not wholly lose faith. He believed that in the
end the governor would stand by what had been
done and support him in the position he had taken.
He left a part of his force to keep watch on the
entrance of the fort, and went in to supper. When
he had finished, he came outside to take his turn at
standing guard. Presently he saw a body of armed
men approaching. There appeared to be forty or
fifty of them, most of them dressed in khaki, and in
the dusk he at first took them to be soldiers. Then
as they drew nearer, he discovered that they were
led by Judge Welch, District Attorney Kleiber, and
the Mexican sheriff, who for the first time was tak-
ing an active part in the Brownsville drama — having
previously been safely locked up in his own jail.
Viewed at this distance of time and space, how silly
it seems that those officials, knowing Bill McDonald,
as all Texas knew him, could have hoped to frighten
him with a nondescript muster like that. They drew
What Finally Happened at Brownsville 351
their posse — Mexican riff-raff — up in front of the
hotel. Judge Welch asked:
'' Wliere^s Captain McDonald? "
Captain Bill himself came forward.
** What's the trouble, now, judge? '' he said.
*' Looks like you're going to war, with all these
armed men.''
*' I've come for those warrants," said Welch.
** I've got an order for them."
*' All right, Judge; you don't need an army, if
you've got an order from the proper authorities.
Come in here by the light, where I can see it."
So they went in, followed by the Mexican sheriff
and his khaki muster, and all the other crowd that
could get in — all the citizens and guests of the hotel ;
the drummers and ranchmen and tourists — they all
pushed and elbowed in until the hotel lobby was full
and the balcony around the court was crowded
(and there were ladies on the balcony), a fine
audience indeed for this, the closing scene. Every-
body was inside that could get in, now, and the
room grew quiet. In the center of the lobby, in a
little group, were the chief actors. The Ranger
Captain and his sergeant stood together, their
automatic guns, as usual, in position for quick
and easy service. They made a picturesque pair,
with their typical Texas hats, and arms, and .
dress, and their determined faces. Judge Welch
facing them, fumbled a little and produced his
order.
352 Captain Bill McDonald
Captain Bill held it to the light. It ran as follows :
' * To Captain William J. McDonald, Company B,
Kanger Force, Brownsville, Texas.
^' You are hereby directed and required to im-
mediately turn over the warrants for the twelve
soldiers and one ex-soldier, delivered to you for the
arrest of these men, without any further attempt
at execution of the same.
^' Signed, Stanley Welch, Dist. Judge,
'' 39th Dist. State of Tex.''
Captain Bill finished reading and regarded the
judge steadily.
'^ This is your own order, Judge,'' he said.
'^ What is the meaning of it? "
Judge Welch started in to repeat some of the argu-
ments of the afternoon.
' ' You won 't take the advice of your best friends, ' '
he said, ^* and are bound to start something here
that will cause the blood to flow in these streets."
Captain Bill looked at him and let his gun rest a
little more easily on his arm.
^^ If that is what you brought this gang here for,
we'll start it now," he said.
There was a spontaneous round of applause, from
both the lobby and the balcony. The ladies in the
latter strained forward to get a view of the man
who had defied a command of soldiers and who now,
before their very eyes, was facing a sheriff's armed
posse, undismayed.
What Finally Happened at Brownsville 353
** I'll tell you, Judge,'' Captain Bill went on.
** You-all look like fifteen cents in Mexican money,
to me, when I'm doing my duty, you and your ki-ki
militia here, and your Mexican sheriff that you told
me yourself was no good, and had done nothing, and
was locked up in his own jail for protection when I
come here."
There was more applause at this point — also,
laughter, the latter rather nervous, on the part of
the ladies. Captain Bill proceeded :
* * Now, you bring him and his gang down here to
arrest me for contempt of court, I suppose — you,
and your district attorney, after you both told me
that I had a full right to enter the post and use such
means as was necessary to bring those criminals
to justice. Looks like as soon as I get things started
and some of the guilty men locked up, the law is all
changed and you come here demanding my war-
rants, and expect to put me in jail if I don't give
them up — is that iti "
Judge Welch assumed an air of superior virtue.
''I'm not afraid to do my duty," he blustered.
'' Nor I," said Captain Bill, ^^ so fly at it! "
There was more applause then, of course. It was
the moment of the dramatic climax — the instant for
a telegram from the governor, upholding the posi-
tion of Captain Bill and putting his enemies to rout.
The stage machinery was perfect, too, for a telegram
did indeed come at that moment, only, instead of
sustaining the chief actor in the drama, it cut the
354 Captain Bill McDonald
ground from under his feet. Captain Bill took the
yellow envelope from the messenger, opened it and
read the contents. There were just two sentences.
The first was equivocal and meant nothing. The last
meant surrender and humiliation.
'' Austin, Texas, August 24, 1906.
** To Captain W. J. McDonald, Brownsville,
Texas.
** Have requested Gen. McCaskey to prevent re-
moval of soldiers charged with recent murder.
Consult district judge and sheriff and act under
and through them.
'' Signed,
'' S. W. T. Lanham, Governor."
After all, it requires defeat to reveal true great-
ness. Few they are who with the eyes of the mul-
titude upon them can stand with calm eye and
steady nerve, unmoved and unfaltering, when the
last support is snatched away. It was all at an end,
now; all his effort had gone for little or nothing —
his final hope had failed. But those watching him
could not have told that the crushing blow had fallen.
He folded the telegram with a hand that betrayed
not the slightest tremor, and with a voice that was
entirely steady, and even pleasant, he said :
** Well, Judge, if nothing else will do you, I am
ready, now, to give you my warrant for those pris-
oners. Major Penrose has the other copy and is
holding them with it. I can get along, I guess, with-
out a warrant. The train won't leave until to-
What Finally Happened at Brownsville 355
morrow morning, for the men in charge are in-
structed not to leave until I say so, and I don't
intend to say so, to-night."
The crowd that had been still and breathless
during the last few moments, gave a great round of
applause at this, and the drama was over.
Captain McDonald still had a very small hope
that affairs might take a turn before morning, and
all night, with his little army, he patroled the en-
trance of the fort to see that the prisoners were not
moved. That a battle would have followed any such
attempt there is not the least doubt. He withdrew
all interference next morning, and the train carry-
ing the troops, including the prisoners, left about
six o'clock, for San Antonio. The prisoners were
taken to Fort Sam Houston, the remainder of the
command to Fort Eena, Oklahoma. When the final
investigations took place, the man who, according to
Major Blocksom, had been willing to *^ charge hell
with a bucket of water," in the cause af justice and
duty, was lying ill — the result of his old wounds com-
bined with the misery of unfair treatment. Sergeant
McCauley, who was ready with all the evidence, was
invited to testify, and did so, but not a single indict-
ment was found by officials, civil or military. The
* * conspiracy of silence was complete. ' ' *
But, perhaps, after all, the efforts of Captain Bill
* Austin, Texas, Sept. 5, 1906.
To Whom it May Concern:
This is to certify that I did on yesterday examine Captain W. J.
McDonald and found him su£[ering from chronic bronchitis of both
356 Captain Bill McDonald
had not been wholly without result; for he made a
report of the matter to Washington, and President
Eoosevelt, doubtless recalling that wolf-hunt and
knowing the integrity and courage of the writer,
viewed that report in the light of evidence. When
the official verdict, ** Not guilty," was reached, he
dismissed, ^^ without honor," the entire command
of the Twenty-fifth Infantry.
The Brownsville episode had become national his-
tory; a curious chapter — the end of which would
not soon be written." *
lungs, but worse on the left side, having been shot and these organs
having been injured.
He is now suffering a great deal and very much debilitated. I ad-
vised him to suspend his active life for a short while and to go to some
water-place for a few weeks of rest. I think it may take three or four
weeks for him to recuperate. RespectuUy,
L. L. Lacey, M.D.
That Sergeant McCauley was on hand and turned over the cap
marked C. W. A. to the grand jury is shown by the following receipt:
Brownsville, Texas, Sept. 12, 1906.
Received from WiUiam J, McCauley, Sergeant Companj'" B, State
Rangers, one United States soldier's cap, marked on sweat-band with
name of C. W. Askew.
William Volz,
. Foreman of Grand Jury.
* During 1908 a secret investigation was being conducted by the
War Department, with the result that President Roosevelt recom-
mended the reinstatement of such men as could establish their inno-
cence and were willing to help bring the guilty to justice. A partial
report of this investigation will be found in Appendix D, at the end of
this volume.
judge's Welch's charge to the grand jury.
However much we may be inclined to criticise Judge Welch's attitude
during Capt. McDonald's stay in Brownsville, his charge to the Grand
XLI
The Battle on the Eio Grande
assassination of judge stanley welch. captain
bill ordered to the scene. an ambush; a
surprise and an inquest
Within three months from the night of the
Brownsville raid, there occurred another tragedy
in the banks of the Rio Grande. In the hours of
earliest morning of Tuesday, November 6th — Elec-
tion Day — while asleep in his office room at Rio
Grande City, District Judge Stanley Welch, promi-
nently connected with the Brownsville episode, was
shot dead in his bed by some unknown assassin;
Jury that somewhat later took up the investigation, leaves little to be
desired. He said:
" And now, gentlemen of the Grand Jury, among the other responsible
duties of your position is that of making a full, thorough, and complete
investigation of the unprovoked, murderous, midnight assault commit-
ted by the negro soldiers of the Twenty-fifth United States Infantry
upon the citizens and homes of Brownsville on the night of the 13th of
August. An inoffensive citizen was shot down and killed by them while
closing his gate. An unwarranted and cowardly assault was made on
the Lieutenant of Police of Brownsville, and his arm shattered by their
bullets, requiring its amputation.
"Fiendish malice and hate, showing blacker than their skins, was
evidenced by their firing of volley after volley from deadly rifles into
and through the doors and windows of family residences, clearly with
tlie brutish hope on their part of killing women and children, and thus
make memorable their hatred for the white race. Hard words these,
but strictly true and warranted by uncontested facts.
" It was my province to come among your patient people even while
their terrible fears and horror of another outbreak were upon them, and
358 Captain Bill McDonald
this cowardly killing being doubtless the harvest of
factional discord, widely sown and carefully tended
in that hotbed of political corruption and violence
along the Mexican border.
Eio Grande City lies up the river from Browns-
ville a distance of about one hundred miles. It is
the county seat of Starr County, and has no rail-
road nearer than Sam Fordyce, the terminus of the
St. L. B. & M., some twenty miles away. There are
no railroads at all in Starr County — a big county,
full of cactus, hard, spiny mesquite grass, Mexi-
cans, and hot burning sand. Eiot and plot would
flourish naturally, in a place like that, as they do in
all Latin- American territory.
Starr County, in fact, is rather more Mexican than
Mexico herself, using the word to convey the less
fortunate characteristics of .that hybrid race. It
God spare me in my life the sorrow of ever again witnessing the faces
of agonized women and fear-stricken children, tensioned with days and
nights of suffering and waiting for relief, with none coming from either
Nation or State to give them assurance that greater and unspeakable
outrages were not to follow.
"Tardy relief did come. At the eleventh hour the fiends, who dis-
graced the uniforms they were permitted to wear and shamed a nation,
were removed. That all of the three companies were blamabie must be
conceded, for they knew who were guilty and they shielded and sheltered
them, and failed to give them up. Hence it is that it has been left to
the civil authorities of the State, and especially to this District Court,
to apprehend, if possible, those directly guilty of murder, assault to
murder, and the ruffianly conspiracies to that end, as the authorities of
the United States, in charge, have declared their inability to discover
who were the uniformed thugs and murders that committed the out-
rages.
"The lengthy investigation of a committee of your leading citizens,
made while these outrages were fresh, is at your service. I also present
The Battle on the Rio Grande 359
is not the better class of citizens that leave Mexico,
or Italy, or China, and the United States has suf-
fered accordingly. The border counties of Texas,
because of their situation have been peculiarly un-
fortunate in this regard. In Starr County the elec-
tive offices are held almost entirely by Mexicans,
and the struggle for place is very fierce and bitter.
Affairs generally are conducted by Mexicans, and
even the schools are in Mexican hands. From a
statement concerning the school trustees and teach-
ers, in Starr County, it appears that out of twenty-
four trustees only seven could speak and write the
English language, and out of thirty-nine teachers
nineteen of them had no knowledge whatever of our
national tongue. Commenting on this report, D. C.
Rankin of Dallas, in an article in the Corpus Christi
Crony, says:
to you three affidavits made before me by W. J. McDonald, Captain of
Company B of the ranger force of Texas, against twelve of the negro
soldiers and one civilian, a negro ex-soldier. All these parties are under
arrest, and within the jurisdiction of the civil authorities of the State,
and to await the action of our courts. Hence it is that if it has ever
been known by committee. Sheriff, State Ranger or other officer or
individual who, if any of these men are guilty, that knowledge should
come to you as the grand inquisitorial body that represents, not only
the County of Cameron, but the State of Texas.
"I have no hesitation in saying that I share in the imiversal belief
that among those under arrest are many of the murderers, but some-
thing more than mere belief and opinion are required to vindicate the
law. Evidence must be had upon which to predicate an indictment,
and warrant a trial. If you indict on mere suspicion or opinion and
without evidence, you leave our people and community open to the
charge of injustice and the proceedings will resolve themselves into
mere delay, for in the end an indictment unsustained by evidence must
be dismissed."
360 Captain Bill McDonald
'' The male teachers are political heelers for the
party in power, and the lady teachers are backed
by workers in the ring. ... No wonder that
law and order amount to nothing in that rotten sec-
tion, and no wonder that District Judge, Stanley
Welch, was assassinated while asleep in his bed.
No wonder that when Eangers were sent there to
preserve the peace and protect the citizenship from
the ravages of the so-called Americanized Mexicans,
that they were ambushed and fired upon by a lot of
these desperadoes."
It is this story of crime and ambush that we shall
undertake to tell in this chapter. When the assas-
sination occurred. District Attorney Kleiber, who
also may be remembered as having figured in the
Brownsville story, was asleep in the room adjoining
the one occupied by Judge Welch — the two inhabit-
ing a small one-story brick building not far from the
court-house. They had retired about the same time
and Kleiber slept soundly until next morning at
seven. Hearing no movement in Judge Welch's
room, he called, but received no answer. Thinking
the judge had overslept, Kleiber then rose, and
opening the door between, called again. The judge
did not stir, and going nearer the district attorney
saw blood coming from his left side. Judge Welch
was lying on that side; the window behind him
was up — the shutter closed. He had been shot in
the back, from without, through a broken slat in
the blind. Attorney Kleiber recalled having been
The Battle on the Rio Grande 361
partially roused from his sleep by some sudden
noise, and now supposed it to have been the fatal
shot.
Mr. Kleiber at once notified the authorities, and
by eight o'clock news of the murder was on the
street. It was Election Day, as already stated, and
excitement followed the report, with demoralization
among the better element — the party to which Judge
Welch belonged. It should be explained here that
the two parties in that section are the ** Eeds "
and the *^ Blues '' — nominally Democrats and Re-
publicans, though the distinction would seem one of
patronage rather than of politics. In Rio Grande
City the party of Judge Welch, called the Reds
(Democrats) — is in the minority.
On this Tuesday, November 6th, 1906, its fran-
chise was even more restricted than usual. When
the fact of the murder became known about fifty
mounted men, ^* Blues,*' went through the crowds,
demanding that the polls be instantly opened.
Local officers were either unwilling or unable to deal
with this mob, and open warfare between the
Blues and the Reds was imminent. To avoid
bloodshed, Chairman Seabury of the Reds assem-
bled the best men among the leaders of the Blues
and persuaded them to agree with him that no
armed men should approach the court-house, where
the voting place had been established; also that one
man of each party should be appointed as special
peace officer at the polls, and that a Blue and a
362 Captain Bill McDonald
Eed should vote alternately as long as there existed
material for such an arrangement.
The agreement was kept two hours, after which
the Blues took possession of the court-house; en-
tered the door, and held the same, backed by armed
men on foot and on horseback, terrorizing and keep-
ing out most of the opposition voters. When the
polls closed at 6:30 p.m., about one hundred and
twenty-five electors had not cast their votes.* There
had been plenty of intimidation and some personal
violence, but no loss of life. The elements for riot
and bloodshed, however, were all there, and it needed
only a little brisk stirring to precipitate a general
killing.
Meantime, news of the murder of Judge Welch,
with a report of the general situation at Rio Grande
City, and a request for Rangers, had traveled over-
land to Sam Fordyce and by telegraph to Austin,
not arriving in time for action that day. Captain
McDonald's territory included Starr County — his
headquarters having been removed to Alice in 1903, f
and on Wednesday morning of November 7th, 1906,
he was called by telephone from the governor's
office at Austin. Governor Lanham himself was at
the Austin end and conveyed the news of the as-
sassination, which McDonald had just learned from
another source.
* For further details of the condition at Rio Grande City at this time,
see Appendix E.
t Company B had been transferred from Amarillo to Fort Han-
cock in 1902 for a comparatively brief period.
The Battle on the Rio Grande 363
'* How many men have you at Alice? *' inquired
the governor.
** Two, including myself. My sergeant, W. J.
McCauley, is here. One of my men is on a scout
below Corpus Christi, and the other (his force had
by this time been reduced to three) is guarding two
murderers at Edna.''
** Captain,'' was the governor's next question,
** would the fact that you have not been favorably
disposed toward Judge Welch since the Brownsville
affair make any difference in your undertaking this
matter, now! "
' * If you think so, Governor, you ought to get an-
other Eanger Captain for this company; a Ranger
that would let a thing like that make any difference
in a case of this kind would be no good for any
purpose that I know of. ' '
** Well, then. Captain, take whatever force you
have, and proceed as soon as possible to Rio Grande
City, and I will send additional men there, as quickly
as possible. I will wire the authorities that you are
on the way with one Ranger and that more will
follow at once."
** All right, Governor, I'll start first train, and
do the best I can. ' '
** And Captain " (The governor had suddenly re-
membered Brownsville)."
'' Yes, sir."
** Be conservative, Captain. Investigate, and try
to quiet matters, but be conservative, quite con-
servative. Captain."
364 Captain Bill McDonald
'* Yes, sir, Governor, all right. I'll be conserva-
tive— as conservative as the circumstances will
permit. * '
* * Now, .do that. Captain. Just quiet matters, and
I'll send you reinforcements at once. Only be as
conservative as possible till they come."
Captain Bill wasted no time in his preparation.
The train would leave in half and hour, and he
didn't stop to pack a dress suit. He notified Mc-
Cauley, and gathered up a young fellow named
Marsden, who had Ranger ambitions, and started
with such clothes and guns as he had on.
It is a slow, roundabout way from Alice to Eio
Grande City. You have to go from Alice over to
Corpus Christi and there wait for a train that takes
you down to Harlingen. Then at Harlingen you
must wait for another train to take you to Sam
Fordyce, and at Sam Fordyce you can hire a hack
that will carry you to Eio Grande City, unless you
are waylaid and murdered along that lonely road
which follows the river and winds between a thick
growth of cactus, mesquite and all the thorny rank
vegetation of that sandy semi-tropical land. Start-
ing from Alice in the forenoon, one with good luck
may reach Eio Grande City by ten o'clock at night,
though it will be safer to wait at Sam Fordyce until
next morning. Those who travel from Sam Fordyce
to Eio Grande City after nightfall, go armed, and
need to.
Captain Bill had good luck on the way down.
The Battle on the Rio Grande 365
While waiting for the Harlingen train at Corpus
Christi he fell in with Sam McKenzie, his ranger,
who had been on a scout in that section, and at
Harlingen he found Blaze Belling, who had resigned
from Company B to become U. S. River Guard. He
brought both men along, and with a force like that
he felt able to cope with a mob of whatever size or
nationality. Of course, nothing was known at Rio
Grande City of the increase in the Ranger army.
It had been given out there that Captain McDonald
and one man had been ordered down, and that rein-
forcements would follow, accordingly as Governor
Lanham had wired.
The day was well along when the little army
finally reached Sam Fordyce and secured a convey-
ance for the final stage of their journey. An old
frontiersman by the name of Inman, who owned a
hack and pair of small mules, agreed to undertake
the journey. It was late in the afternoon when they
started.
Night fell, clear and starlight, but there was no
moon, and the narrow winding southern road
hedged thickly with mesquite and yucca and cactus
growth was dark enough, except here and there
where it opened to the river or to a hacienda (Mexi-
can ranch), with its half dozen thatched huts, or
hackles, surrounded by brush fences.
The Rangers drove along quietly, speaking in low
voices when they spoke at all, peering into the
darkness ahead, for they had no knowledge of what
366 Captain Bill McDonald
conditions were awaiting them, or what they were
likely to meet along the way. Besides, it is the
Eanger practice to go warily on dark nights and not
traverse an unknown road with festivity and bois-
terous mirth.
It was about 8:30 o'clock and they had covered
a little more than half the distance to Eio Grande
City, when they heard the noise of approaching
wheels and vaguely distinguished the outlines of
some vehicle in the darkness ahead. They were at
the time about opposite Casita Eanch — a poor place
with the usual brush fences. Mr. Inman slackened
down his mules and pulled the Eanger hack a little
to one side of the road, supposing it to be only one
of the traveling coaches that make daily trips be-
tween Eio Grande City and the railway terminus.
But when the approaching vehicle was about thirty
paces away, there was a sudden flash in the dark, a
report, and a bullet went singing over the heads of
the Eangers.
The Eangers were instantly in battle front, guns
up and ready. They did not fire at once, however,
for there might be some mistake.
'' Hold up there! " called McDonald. '' We are
Texas Eangers! Stop that shooting! '' and this
admonition Private McKenzie quickly repeated in
the Mexican tongue.
There was no chance for mistake, after that. The
hacks had been moving right along and were now
not more than twelve feet apart. Then the ap-
CAPTAIN BILL'S LAST BATTLH.
'As pretty a fight as ever took place on the banks of the Rio Grande.
The Battle on the Rio Grande 367
proacliing Imck stopped and tliree figures with guns
were seen to leap to the ground. Captain Bill, who
was standing up in the hack with his Winchester
leveled on them, thought at first that they were
getting out to surrender their arms, and three of
his Eangers, McCauley, McKenzie and Delling
quickly jumped down, facing them. But at that in-
stant the epithets * * Cavarones ! ' ' and * ' Gringoes ! ' '
came from the Mexicans, and then ^* Tetterly!
Tetterly! '' (Shoot! Shoot!) with which signal the
Mexicans, both on the ground and in the hack, let
go at the Eangers, point blank, while from behind
the brush fence two guns in ambush opened an en-
filading fire.
Then for the thirty seconds or so that it lasted,
there was as pretty a fight as ever took place on the
banks of the Eio Grande. With seven Mexican and
five Eanger rapid-fire guns going — a round dozen in
all — there was one continuous explosion, and an un-
ceasing glare.
* * From where I stood in the hack, I could see the
whites of their eyes,'' Captain Bill said afterward,
*^ and I felt as if I could pick the buttons off their
coats. I let go as fast as I knew how, and at a
different Mexican every time."
But though rapid, the Eanger fire was cool and
accurate, while the Mexican marksmanship was in-
excusably bad.
In less than half a minute it was all over. The
seven Mexican guns were silenced, the Mexican
368 Captain Bill McDonald
force demolished. In the road, a man lay across
his gun, dead. Two were limping and staggering
away — one with a broken leg, the other to die ; two
more — the ambushers — were hiding in the weeds
(where they were presently captured), while in the
Mexican hack, which was now once more moving
slowly along, was a freight of yet two more, both
dead.
Sergeant McCauley, from his position on the
ground, looked up to where Captain McDonald, still
standing in the hack, was already reloading.
*' Pretty little fight, Uncle Bill,'' he said, casual
like.
** Yes," said Captain Bill, thoughtfully filling the
magazine of his Winchester, ^* but do you reckon
the governor will think we've been conservative
enough? "^
When the dead and wounded and prisoners were
gathered and a general observation of the field was
taken, it was found, from the empty shells, that each
side had fired about an equal number of shots —
some sixty, in all.
Marvelous as it may seem, not a Eanger was
touched by any of the thirty or more shots fired at
them, though Mr. Inman, the driver, got a pretty
hot bullet through the very narrow space just under
his arm — a bullet that cut his undershirt and
scorched his skin, and made him think for the mo-
ment that he was wounded. Old veteran that he
was, he sat quietly holding his team — a silent ob-
The Battle on the Rio Grande 369
server of the spectacle — only regretting that, being
unarmed, he could not have a more active part.
Captain Bill now took Delling and started for Rio
Grande City, leaving the remainder of his force in
charge of the dead, wounded and prisoners. They
kept a sharp lookout for new attacking parties as
they drove along, and discussed the recent battle in
voices that were jubilant, but modulated.
** Of course, from the governor's telegram, they
only expected to meet two men,'' Captain Bill re-
flected. ** It must have been a surprise when they
suddenly found five guns going. ' ' And a little later,
speaking out of what seemed a troubled conscience,
** But I'm afraid the Governor won't think I was
conservative. ' '
Then presently they met two more vehicles com-
ing, this time in a hurry. Eeady for action, the
Rangers waited until they were up close, then stop-
ped them. They, also, had come to meet the
Rangers, but this time with a note from the county
judge, telling them to hurry, as the town was up in
arms, and an outbreak was momentarily expected.
Captain McDonald sent one of the hacks after his
men and their prisoners, with orders to get Mexi-
cans from the Casita Ranch to watch the dead men
until the inquest, next day. Then with the other
hack he pushed on to Rio Grande City. From the
tone of the judge's note he expected to find matters
in a desperate condition. When he arrived, how-
ever, there seemed to be no special excitement.
370 Captain Bill McDonald
Everybody was armed and there were groups on
the street, but there was little noise or open disturb-
ance. The Eanger Captain looked up the judge and
sheriff and made a report of his battle and its
results, the news of which was soon both general and
effective. When he went out among the crowds and
told them to disarm — to go home and put their guns
away and quit their foolishness — ^it was like the dis-
missal of a State encampment. By the time his men
arrived everything was peaceable. It was too late
that night to make a report to the governor, but
Captain Bill summed up the situation in a telegram
next morning. Governor Lanham had protested at
the length and cost of a telegraphic report from
Brownsville ; this time there was no waste of words.
'' Eio Grande City, Nov. 8, 1906.
" Gov. S. W. T. Lanham,
^* Austin, Texas.
* * We were ambushed ; four Mexicans dead, one
wounded, two captured; preparing to hold inquest.
Everybody disarmed; everything quiet.
" W. J. McDonald,
*'Capt. Co. B,
*^ Eanger Force."
That told the story, adequately, cheaply and
modestly. The papers over the State made a good
deal to-do over it, and reviewed Captain Bill's
other exploits — real and imaginary — but to him it
was only in the day's work, the work he had been
The Battle on the Rio Grande 371
carrying on for a long time, now, nearly a quarter
of a century.*
The inquest was held that morning according to
program, and the verdict justified the Rangers.
After which, the four unlucky Ranger-hunters were
buried in a lonely old graveyard near the place where
they fell. The names of the four were, Farias,
Osuna, Vincia and Perez — all known in Rio Grande
City. Their comrade who was wounded, another
Osuna, confirmed the Rangers ' account of the battle.
The original plan had been for all to lie in ambush
behind the fence and fire on the Rangers deliber-
ately, at close range. Losing patience, however, in
an attempt to clamber over the thick barrier, all but
two decided to remain in the hack.
The better element of Rio Grande City, though re-
joicing over the results of the ambush, were natu-
rally apprehensive as to what might happen next.
Friends of the dead men were numerous, and it was
believed that a bloody outbreak with reprisals would
follow. Captain McDonald assured the citizens that
he had no such fears, and the arrival of State troops
and Ranger Company D, Captain Hughes, helped
to restore confidence.
Captain Bill did not remain long in Rio Grande
* "The Fort Worth Record," commenting on this report, compared
it to Perry's famous " We have met the enemy and they are ours."
The Record adds : " Perry and McDonald are made of the same stuff.
If McDonald had been in Perry's place he would have been equal to
the emergency. If Perry had been in McDonald's place he couldn't
have done better."
372 Captain Bill McDonald
City. He was still engaged in solving the Conditt
problem at Edna and could not undertake to unravel
the mystery of Judge Welch's assassination. It re-
mains unraveled to this day. Perhaps time will fur-
nish a clue. Perhaps the secret lies buried in the old
graveyard back of the Casita Eanch.
Nothing was ever done with the prisoners taken
by the Rangers. That is, nothing was done with the
two men caught in ambush. The wounded man was
afterward made deputy sheriff, probably as a re-
ward of merit for having engaged in a shooting
match with the Rangers and escaped alive.
XLII
The End of Eangering and a New Appointment
state eevenue agent of texas. the ** full rendi-
tion '* bill enforced. a great battle
AND A BLOODLESS TRIUMPH
The Eio Grande affair was Captain BilPs last
Eanger service of dramatic importance. He was
continuously busy during the two months that
elapsed between that episode and his official retire-
ment, but it was only in the usual line of duty, chas-
ing murderers, putting down riot and disarming un-
ruly men — the things he had done so often that to
look back on his career now was to gaze down a
kaleidoscopic vista of death and disorder — a whirl-
ing maze of bad men and guns.
It was in January, 1907, that he went to Bellville
as a witness in a murder case, and it was while he
was there, January 16th, that Governor T. M.
Campbell, who had just succeeded Governor Lan-
ham, appointed him State Revenue Agent of Texas.
Captain Bill's first knowledge of the matter came
to him through the morning paper at Bellville.
When his duties were over there, he set out for
Austin to inquire into it. He knew that a State
Revenue Agent was appointed to keep a general
374 Captain BiU McDonald
supervision over the collection of the State revenues
—taxes, license money and the like — but he had
only a dim idea as to the specific duties of the office.
He was by no means certain that he wanted to ex-
change the wide free life of Rangering, whatever
might be its drawbacks, for the routine duties of an
office in the Capitol, with a desk, a revolving chair
and a stenographer, whatever might be the comforts
and perquisites of these things. He was no longer
a young man, and he had been shot through from
different directions. Desperate wounds, long hard
vigils, cold and exposure, had left him weather-
beaten and with shoulders and chest no longer as
full and erect as in the old days. Yet his eye was
just as clear, his ear as alert and his nerve as steady
as in the beginning, and if this appointment was
merely a sinecure ; a reward for deeds performed —
a sort of official manifest that he was down and out
— ^he would have none of it. He could wear out, and
he might some day stop a conclusive bullet, but he
declined to rust out.
Perhaps there was a pretty general belief in
Texas that Captain McDonald's appointment was,
in fact, a sinecure, but if so the idea was transient.
Arriving at the State Capitol, he called on Governor
Campbell, without delay.
*^ How about this appointment. Governor? '' he
said. '' "What kind of a job is it? ''
** Well, it's a better job than you've got, Captain.
The pay is better and it's safer, too. You're going
End of Rangering and a New Appointment 375
to die, or be killed, someday, going about in all
kinds of weather and getting shot at, from ambush.
We can't afford to lose you, just yet.''
** Thank you, Governor, I don't want to be lost,
either," Captain Bill said in his gentle drawl, ** but
I don't know as I can fill the bill. What do I have
to do as State Eevenue Agent, anyway. No chance
to handle a gun, is there? I can do that about as
well as anything."
Governor Campbell laughed and handed Captain
Bill a copy of the statutes.
** There's the law, on the subject," he said.
*^ You'll find all the information you need, right
there."
Captain Bill took the book and spent several days
reading and re-reading whatever he could find bear-
ing on the matter of tax-paying; also on the duties
of tax-assessors and tax-gatherers in general, and
on those of the State Eevenue Agent in particular.
He found that he knew a good deal on the subject,
after all ; not in technical detail, perhaps, but funda-
mentally and vitally. In his wide general knowl-
edge of the conditions prevailing in every portion
of the State he knew that the poorest counties —
those least able to bear the burden — carried a dis-
proportionate load of the State expenses. He had
never given the matter much consideration before,
taking it for granted that in a new county, and a
poor county, taxes could not help being high. This
was true, no doubt, but he saw clearly enough, now.
376 Captain Bill McDonald
that in such counties, taxes had been by far too high,
all along, and that the *^ Full Eendition '^ law
provided a remedy for just that thing. Captain
Bill had but one idea about law, which was that it
must be enforced. To enforce that law would be
interesting, and righteous. He went back to Gov-
ernor Campbell.
^^ Governor,'* he said, ^' I think this job will suit
me pretty well, if I can run it my way. * *
** Well, Captain, that was what you were ap-
pointed for.''
^^ Governor," Captain Bill proceeded, '^ there's
some of our counties and people paying twice as
much tax as they ought to, and some of them, the
ones that ought to pay most, and the railroads and
corporations, are not paying half enough."
Governor Campbell nodded.
'^ How would you rectify that. Captain? " he
asked.
'' Well, you see, the tax rate is the same for all
counties, and the poor counties to provide for their
own home expenses have to assess on a high valua-
tion in order to make the amount big enough to go
around, while the rich counties that are practically
out of debt assess on a low valuation, sometimes not
more than a fourth the value of the property. That
might be all right if it was only the home levy that
counted, but you see the State levy is assessed on
the same valuation as the home levy, and the result
is that a county that is in debt is paying State taxes
End of Rangering and a New Appointment ^11
on a valuation about twice or three times as big
as those big rich counties that have had the most
benefit from the State and are best able to pay for
it. Why those old rich counties get an allowance
of school money from the State that is actually
more than all the taxes they turn in. Now the way
to fix that is to make all the counties assess exactly
alike — on full valuation — and get the State levy
down where it belongs and the State expense fairly
apportioned. The Full Rendition bill provides
clearly for this case, and ought to be enforced.''
Governor Campbell looked thoughtful. He fore-
saw the storm that a man with the convictions and
determination of Bill McDonald could stir up in a
State like Texas. Presently he said :
** Well, Captain, that was what the Full Rendi-
tion Bill was passed for, but it's been considered a
dead letter, so far."
^' It won't be a dead letter if I take the job. Gov-
ernor. It will be the livest letter in the statute book,
for a while. ' '
Campbell smiled grimly. In imagination he al-
ready heard the howl that would go up, and the im-
precations that would descend upon appointer as
well as appointee. After all, perhaps a Ranger
Captain in a job like that was not a perfect selection.
Then presently he turned to Captain Bill.
^* Well, Captain, you've got your appointment,"
he said.
The State Revenue Agent lost no time in begin-
378 Captain Bill McDonald
ning his work. Already many of the annual assess-
ments for 1907 had been made, and if any re-assess-
ments were to be taken there was no time to lose.
In 1906 the assessed values of Texas properties had
aggregated $1,210,000,000. State Agent McDonald
resolved that they should properly be more than
double this amount, and he undertook at once the
first step in that direction. He did this knowing
full well what would result. He knew that a man's
purse is his tenderest point, and that to lay a finger
on his taxes is to touch a spot already sore. He
knew that what he was about to do meant to antago-
nize practically every corporation in the State, and
every rich county as a whole. Also, perhaps, a
majority of the press. Papers that had lauded him
to the skies for his achievements would be first to
belittle him, now, and to cry him down. What he
was undertaking was distinctly a minority crusade ;
a struggle for the pioneer ; a fight for the under dog.
Yet I think his chief consideration was the en-
forcement of the law. That would be likely to be
so; the law's enforcement had been his habit so
long. If the other things weighed at all, they prob-
ably only added zest to his resolve.
He began by issuing a general letter to assessors
throughout the State. In part the letter ran:
''Dear Sir:
** As State Eevenue Agent with well defined
duties imposed upon me, I feel called upon to com-
municate with Tax Assessors relative to the rendi-
End of Eangering and a New Appointment 379
tion and assessment of real and personal property
for Taxation. . . .
'' An inspection of the tax rolls of your county
for 1906 and some years prior thereto, discloses the
fact that real and personal property is assessed
at only a certain percentage of its value instead of
* * at its value ' ' as required by the Constitution and
laws of the State. I will take occasion during the
year to visit such counties as may be practicable
and examine into the mode of rendition and assess-
ment . . . and I hope to have your assistance. ^ '
The letter then called attention to, and quoted
from, the law, setting forth the duties which good
officers and citizens would perform in full, and the
penalties for being, and doing, otherwise. Near the
end of this letter he said :
* * This duty is imposed upon you by the law, and
I suppose I am not presumptuous in asking you to
follow it strictly so that there will be no embarrass-
ment when I call for the purpose of making an in-
vestigation,'' etc., etc.
It was a careful dignified letter, entirely justified
by the conditions. It is true the Eevenue Agent
did not fully explain in that last clause just what
would be likely to cause the ** embarrassment "
when he appeared upon the scene ** for the purpose
of making an investigation,'' and the thoughtful as-
sessor who had followed Bill McDonald's career
and remembered some of his former investigations
380 Captain Bill McDonald
may have inferred that it would have something to
do with guns.
Certainly that letter made those assessors mad.
Also it made the people mad. And the newspapers.
Even the people and newspapers of the counties
that would benefit by the Full Kendition law — not
quite understanding, at first — got mad as a pre-
paration for further enlightenment. Never, since
Joseph laid a twenty per cent, levy on the Egyptians,
after first taking away all of their land, was there
such a general madness over any tax order under
the sun. In all the history of Texas there had been
no such commotion — such a cyclone of indignation
as that which had its storm center in the State
Eevenue Agent's office at Austin. Newspapers that
only a week before had been praising Bill McDonald
as the bravest man since Bowie and Travis — a fit
successor to those heroes of the Alamo — now de-
nounced him as a bloodthirsty desperado, who pro-
posed to hold up the people of Texas as he had held
up bad men — at the point of a six-shooter. They
declared that his sole purpose was to fill the State
Treasury to bursting with the people's money, so
that it might be an easy prey for grafters, already
lying in wait with schemes. Then they denounced
Governor Campbell for appointing such a man, and
prophesied his political ruin and general down-
fall. Some of them could not, and others would not,
see that a full assessment for all was the only fair
system, and that, if the values increased, the general
End of Rangering and a New Appointment 381
rate of levy would lower accordingly. None so
blind as those who will not see, and property
owners, public and private, in counties where assess-
ments had long been far too low to give them a fair
share of the Staters burdens, were naturally blinded
by that self-interest which was stirred in with
Adam's dust.
Indignation meetings prevailed. Assessors
elected ** by the people," told their constituents
that they would ^* obey the will of the people,'* and
tell any petty Eevenue Agent that he could go to,
with his bluff — that the ^* people '' of Texas were
bigger than any individual in it and knew what they
wanted in the way of assessments, regardless of any
fool laws to the contrary.
Perhaps the coolest man in the State sat in the
State Eevenue Agent's office at Austin, and smiled
that bland winning smile of his as he greeted the
reporters and declined to get mad or to recede from
his position, merely referring them to the law as
set down; dictating, between times, answers to ex-
cited assessors in which he assured them that his
first letter was quite genuine and meant what it
said, and that furthermore if they had — as some of
them stated — already turned in their assessment
rolls for 1907, they must go back and do it again,
observing the law both in letter and spirit, in order
to avoid that little '^ embarrassment " when he
should call somewhat later in the year. And this
kicked up the dust worse than ever.
382 Captain Bill McDonald
There was, however, a percentage of public senti-
ment in favor of the law and justice, regardless of
personal interest. There were men in high places
who stood boldly for the new order of assessment,
and there were newspapers, even in the old rich
counties that for a principle were willing to lose
subscribers and pay the additional tax, besides. The
names of those men and of those newspapers Texas
should inscribe on a roll of honor in her State
Capitol, for it was by such as those that some
seventy years ago her independence was won.
Governor Campbell, assailed on every side,
breasted the storm and stood .firm. If his political
structure must go down to ruin because of an effort
to secure justice and the enforcement of the statutes
as laid down, then perhaps the ruin would be better
than the edifice. He discussed the matter thought-
fully and earnestly, here and there, when called upon,
and was listened to with respect though with un-
certain approval. Other officials throughout the
State were inclined to be governed by the temper of
their constituents. Yet there were notable excep-
tions. In February, 1907, at a convention of county
judges, in Dallas, the statement was made that an
attempt to carry out the instructions of the State
Eevenue Agent in the matter of the Full Kendition
law would mean the political death of such county
judges or commissioners as engaged in that effort.
This statement, though wide, was not general.
Among others to dissent was Judge Hill of Eastland
End of Bangering and a New Appointment 383
County, who declared that if the people of Texas
did not want a man in office who would carry out
the law he, for one, would be glad to resign. That
was a fine brave statement and had its effect. A
resolution pledging the members of the association,
individually and as a whole, to support and main-
tain the letter and spirit of the Full Rendition law,
to the end that the taxes of the entire State might be
equal and uniform, was unanimously adopted. The
right word from the right source had been spoken.
It began to be echoed in public places.
It was along in March, 1907, that the State
Revenue Agent decided that he would not wait to
call on the assessors during the year, but that he
would gather them in Austin where he could talk to
them, all together. A meeting of the State Associa-
tion of Assessors, near the end of the month, was
the result.
The assessors came together in many frames of
mind, but mainly belligerent. Some of them had
given it out to their constituents before they started
that they were going down to tell that old Ranger
that he might be able to round-up cattle-thieves and
Mexicans, but that a bunch of county assessors
would be a different matter. When these officials
began to collect around the Capitol there was plenty
of talk — not always complimentary. The State Reve-
nue Agent loafed around among them. It was notice-
able how the criticism subsided in the various groups
as he sauntered in their direction. It was rumored
384 Captain Bill McDonald
that, though a civil officer, he still wore a '' forty-
five " in a holster and carried an ** automatic '' in
his hip-pocket. When the members were finally
assembled in general meeting, and ^^ Captain Bill ''
rose to address them — they were quite still. He did
not make a long speech, but it was to the point.
* ^ We have been assessing in this go-as-you-please
sort of a fashion a good while,'* he said, '^ and now
we are going to do it the other way. WeVe been
assessing by custom — now we're going to do it by
law. The present tax rate is twenty cents on the
hundred. We want to get it down to five cents on
the hundred and adjust it so that every man will
pay what he should — no more and no less. I don't
want to pay out money any more than the next one,
but I want to pay what is right, and I know you
men want to do what is right, with your people, when
you find out what the right thing is. This law is
right, and just because we've been going according
to an old unjust custom, is no reason now, why we
shouldn't go according to an old and just law."
It was in this strain that he talked to them, using
the friendly familiar vernacular which meant sin-
cerity and a genuine interest in their welfare. They
saw that he was in earnest, and he spoke to their
better inclination. Also, he had the strong side of
the argument. A paper commenting on the matter
said:
'' Thrice was the Captain armed, for the reason
that he was in the right, and had the laws of the
End of Rangering and a New Appointment 385
State to back him '* — a statement true in the main,
though it leaves the reader to guess in what third
way the * * Captain ' ' was thought to be armed.
At all events, whatever rebellion may have existed
must have been pretty well quieted by the next day,
for the following resolution was unanimously
adopted :
'' Resolved, That we, the Assessors of the State
of Texas, in convention assembled, will make what
improvements we possibly can to increase the rendi-
tions of 1907, and promise to fully comply with the
law, in the assessments of the future, and we hereby
authorize the secretary of this convention to notify
all assessors not present to co-operate with us in this
matter. ' ' *
When that association disbanded, if there was any
indignation and resentment existing for the State
Revenue Agent it made no outward manifestation.
One assessor said:
^ * As to what my duty was, I very well knew that
before I went to Austin. But like most other asses-
sors I followed a custom instead of the law. When a
change was demanded I though it would cause a
great deal of confusion among the people who had
made an inventory of their property. I find it is
* The New York " Sun," commenting on this, said:
" Many of the assessors came to Austin with a feeling of animosity
toward Captain McDonald, but he brought them all into line and be-
fore the meeting adjourned resolutions were unanimously adopted
thanking him for taking up the question of assessments and promising
to assess property at its full market value."
386 Captain Bill McDonald
not the case. I have very little trouble, and in my
judgment I will get forty per cent, raise, for an
average. "
And another assessor, writing to the Fort Worth
Eecord, said:
'* Well, I am going to do my duty. I am swear-
ing every man to the value of his property, as well
as to the rendering of it, so when brother McDonald
comes around, if he ever does, there will be no kick
coming my way.''
The result came when the inventories were all
gathered and the items footed. Between the fig-
ures of 1906 and 1907 there was an actual difference
of $414,137,246 in favor of the latter year. A part
of this vast increase would come from the natural
property growth of the State, but in the main it
was due to the revised inventories and valuations.
And this was a mere beginning, undertaken under
disturbing and adverse conditions. The increase of
1908 over 1907 added another total of $561,297,248
to the property assessment values, aggregating an
increase over the year 1906 of $975,434,494. Per-
haps Texas will be a three billion dollar State yet,
as has been prophesied, and the tax rate in the
pioneer counties will be such as to encourage still
further settlement and progress.
Not that the system is perfect yet. There are
still assessors who shirk their duty, and hence
counties who default in their burdens. No great
reform can be immediately complete, but if State
End of Rangering and a New Appointment 387
Eevenue Agent McDonald survives long enough, this
one will be so, in time, and already it stands as his
greatest monument and victory.*
[Full rendition of property values for the purposes of taxation has
always been the law in Texas. The Thirtieth Legislature provided for
the reestablishmcnt of an old and dishonored system. For a fuller
understanding of the conditions before and after the enforcement of
this and other laws the reader may refer to Governor Campbell's Mes-
sage of Jan., 1909 (Appendix F), and an address by Hon. W. D. Wil-
liams (Appendix G), at the end of this volume.]
* In addition to this work, State Revenue Agent McDonald has very
largely increased the State income by the systematic and vigorous en-
forcing of the law, providing for the licensing of various public enter-
tainments and for regulating the sale of liquors. His experience in
putting into effect the new " Baskin-McGregor " law somewhat re-
sembled his adventures with the Full Rendition law and ended with as
signal a victory.
XLIII
In Conclusion
captain bill mc donald of texas what he has been
and what he is to-day
So now we have arrived at the end of our story —
the story of ** a man who does things '' — who has
been making history for twenty-five years, who is
still making it, to-day. It is the story of a life so
full of incident and episode that we have been able
to give only a chapter here and there — to touch the
high places as it were ; for the tale entire would fill
a library, and would involve the chronology of a
State, which in that quarter of a century has in-
creased its population nearly five times, its wealth
in a like proportion, while its progress in education
and morals has been incalculable. It is with the im-
provement last named that Bill McDonald, and the
little army of State Eangers from which he had been
selected as an example, have been chiefly concerned,
though advancement in other directions has been
collateral and dependent on moral growth. Order
is not only the first law of Heaven, but of the
frontier, and by the sturdy Frontier Battalion has
the fight for order been made, and won. For in
In Conclusion 389
spite of plague-spots here and there (and in a
State of so vast an area, and so recent and motly a
settlement, it would be strange indeed if these did
not exist), Texas is to-day a splendid empire of
beautiful towns and cities — of fair and fruitful
farms, and of handsome, hardy law-abiding men and
women.
The Pan-handle has become a garden — ^not a
Garden of Eden, exactly, but a garden of agriculture
and home-culture — a larger garden than Eden, and
happier and more profitable than Eden has ever
been, since the fall.
And the best evidence of what the Eanger Force
has done for Texas may be found in the steady re-
duction of its numbers. By the very nature of its
achievements it has each year reduced the necessity
of its existence. To-day it consists of four little
companies, aggregating about thirty men, all told.
They are brave, picked men — who face death daily
and are not afraid. If from among these Bill Mc-
Donald has been marked for special distinction, it
is not because he has been more willing to do and
dare, or more resolute in its purpose of reform, but
because he was at his birth marked by that special
genius which, whatever his environment, would
make episodic achievement and peculiar distinction
his inevitable portion. Long before he became an
officer he was a peace-maker. Wherever trouble
occurred, McDonald had a genius for being there,
separating and disarming the combatants, admon-
390 Captain Bill McDonald
ishing them in that convincing manner which few
men ever resented. No one ever knew him to flinch
at a time like that — perhaps no one ever dreamed
that he would be likely to do so.
He was variously gifted. His perceptions were
abnormally keen — his deductive conclusions often
startling in their exactness. In his detective work,
he was sometimes referred to as the Sherlock
Holmes of Texas, though his processes would seem
to have been more instinctive, and perhaps less in-
tellectual, than those of Dr. Doyle 's imaginary hero.
For he had the eyes of a fox, the ears of a wolf
and he could follow a scent like a hound.
*' Cap, you have eyes in the back of your head
and can smell a criminal in the dark,'' was once
said to him, and perhaps this statement was not so
wide of the mark.
His understanding of character — frontier char-
acter— was likewise a gift. Almost every man has
a right side, and Bill McDonald always seemed to
know how to reach that side. When no right side
developed, he knew how to handle the wrong one.
He seldom failed to win the confidence and the
respect — even the friendship — of his prisoners. Such
enemies as he has to-day are not among the men he
caused to be punished, but among those who feared
— and still fear — capture and punishment. There
may be a good many such. Time and again his re-
moval was not only requested, but demanded — some-
times by a whole community — a community which
In Conclusion 391
did not want the law's enforcement, and such a
demand was likely to be accompanied by the threat
of political revolt. But Texas, from the days of
Sam Houston, has had good governors — governors
to whom such a demand was in the nature of a com-
pliment and the best reason for retaining the ** of-
fending " incumbent. Hence Bill McDonald not
only remained in service, but was given an ever
widening usefulness.
His * * suddenness ' ' and determination was a con-
stant amazement to law-breakers. Once when he
was in El Paso he received a telegram stating that
some of his horses had been stolen from a ranch
he then owned on the Oklahoma and Texas line.
That ranch was nearly five hundred miles away as
the crow flies, but Bill McDonald was on the train
bound in that direction while the telegram was still
damp. Arriving at his ranch, he struck the trail
and set out alone to follow it, without rest, through
Greer County, riding hot foot a distance of three
hundred miles ; overtaking the thieves at last some-
where beyond Norman, Oklahoma. Sid Woodring,
a wary old outlaw, was in that gang, also his
nephew, Frank Woodring, and a third member
whose name is not recalled. It was a genuine sur-
prise when Bill McDonald, whom they thought at
the other end of Texas, charged in among them and
had them disarmed almost before they realized what
was going on. He marched them back to the jail
at Norman; had them indicted in Greer County,
392 Captain Bill McDonald
where court was then in session ; got them convicted
for terms ranging from five to ten years, and re-
turned with his recovered horses — completing, in
the space of a few days, one of the neatest and most
spectacular bits of official work on record.
The amount of his work was something enormous.
In the two years ending August 31st, 1904, Kanger
Company B, which he commanded, traveled 74,537
miles, made 205 scouts and 174 arrests. Thirty-one
of the arrests were for murder, and nearly all for
desperate crimes. "When it is remembered that
some of those scouts required days, and some of the
arrests were hundreds of miles apart, and the result
of long and arduous trailing and persistent detec-
tive work, the labor and the result can be better
understood. Nor is this an unusual report. It has
been selected at random and is by no means of the
busiest period — the period of the early nineties —
those riotous Pan-handle days.*
There was no show, no fuss and feathers about
this work. Eiot threatened or broke out here and
there — the newspapers carried a line that Captain
Bill was on the way to the scene. He arrived — often
alone — disarmed a mob; made an arrest or two,
perhaps; gave out a few quiet admonitions, and
it was all over — next day to be forgotten. With
many another man such cases would have meant
resistance, bloodshed, troops, and the long animosi-
* For details of this report with tabulated statement of all Ranger
work for that period see Appendix C.
In Conclusion 393
ties of years. That was his genius: to settle mat-
ters— to dispose of them — to get through and to be at
other work without waste of time. Once when he was
ordered to Galveston to prevent a prize-fight, he ar-
rived at the hall where it was to take place, after the
crowd had gathered. He did not bother to discuss
matters with the managers or principals, but walked
out on the stage and announced briefly to the
audience that the fight would not take place, for the
reason that it was against the law which he was
there to enforce. That was a fair sample of his
method — to know the law, and to enforce it, without
a fire-works and without violence. No man has ever
been his equal, perhaps, in that field.
It was true he was lucky, for bullets missed him,
as a rule, and he steered clear of many dead-falls.
Among the Mexicans, and bad men generally, there
grew up a superstition that he was bullet-proof, and
after the Eio Grande affair there would seem to be
some reason for such a belief, for he stood up there
in plain view, a tall and shining mark, blazing away,
and no bullet touched him.
He has been always modest concerning his
achievements, discussing them in the few words of
an official report. When he has spoken at all it has
been his habit to present the general result, rather
than his part in it. It was this characteristic that
made difficult the securing of material for these
chapters. In preparing for the Eio Grande battle,
for instance, I said to him :
394 Captain Bill McDonald
** Of course you hit some of those Mexicans? *'
** Well, you see, standing up as I was I had a
good place to shoot from.''
** Then you did hit some of them? "
'* Well — of course, as I say, I had the best place
to shoot from, and I felt as if I could pick the buttons
off their coats."
** But, Captain, what I want to know is, if you
think you really hit any of them. ' '
** Oh, well, hell (very reluctantly), I don't guess
I missed any of 'em! "
'' Did you feel afraid? "
'* No — I don't reckon I thought of that."
Yet every man is afraid of something. It was
about the time of the conversation just noted (he
was then visiting New York City), that he said
anxiously to a companion who was steering him
through the mess of traffic at one of the Twenty-
third Street crossings :
** Look here, you'll get me killed, yet, in a place
like this. I don't know the game."
I The muzzle of a Colt 45, or of a Winchester, had
no terrors for him, but a phalanx of automobiles
and traction-cars, mingled with a medley of other
vehicles, bearing down from four different direc-
tions— a perfect tangle of impending death — proved
disturbing to one accustomed to simpler, even if
more malignant, dangers.
With conditions of his own kind, however, he was
at home, even in the metropolis. Visiting Coney
In Conclusion 395
Island one night lie came upon two tough in-
dividuals, clutched in a fierce grip and trying to
damage each other vitally. Texas was a long way
off, but it did not matter. He took hold of those
men saying:
** Look here, what are you men acting so sorry
for? Stop this, now, and go home! "
They were the sort of men who would have
resisted a policeman — who might have killed him.
What they did now was to cease their warfare and
stare in a dazed way at the tall lean figure, the
unusual features and the large white hat of Captain
Bill.
*' You fellows go on home, now,'' he admonished,
in his slow, homely way, and the two set out in dif-
ferent directions, without a word.
It was on his way back to Texas that he paid his
promised visit to President Eoosevelt. He was a
bit nervous over the prospect, but found himself
altogether at ease a moment after his arrival at the
White House. For he was given the so^t of hearty
welcome that goes with the wider life he knew best,
and was introduced without formality to men who
were delighted to honor him for what he was, and
had been. If Theodore Eoosevelt had enjoyed his
visit to the plains, so no less did Captain Bill Mc-
Donald find delight amid the halls and highways of
legislation.
Captain Bill McDonald of Texas — the last of a
vanishing race and a vanished day; of the race to
396 Captain Bill McDonald
which Crockett and Bowie and Travis and Fannin
belonged; of a day when a hip and a holster were
made one for the other — when to reach in that
direction meant, for somebody, post-mortem and
obsequies. State Eevenue Agent of Texas — such to-
day is his title — and the work he has undertaken in
his new field goes bravely on. Texas still needs his
honesty, his courage, and his determination. When
those qualities direct the affairs of the body politic,
the prosperity and predominance of that common-
wealth are assured.
THE END
APPENDIX
APPENDIX A
EXTRACTS FROM REPORT OF ADJUTANT-GENERAL
W. H. MABRY OF TEXAS; 1896. THE FITZ-
SIMMONS-MAHER PRIZE FIGHT
Adjutant-General's Office,
State of Texas.
Austin, Feb. 27, 1896.
Lieutenant-Governor George T. Jester, Acting Governor:
Sir : — I heremth briefly submit a few facts connected with my
presence at El Paso.
Much of the views sent over the wires were all colored in the
interest of the managers of the prize fight. In fact, two reporters
informed me that Stuart exercised a kind of censorship over all
dispatches; that he demanded they be colored in his favor, with
the threat that unless it was so worded they could not see the
fight. Tlie dispatches contained the denunciatory proceedings of
a city council against the Governor's order in sending the rangers,
and by my action there, in having close watch kept over all that
was done so far as it pertained to the bringing off of the fight, but
failed, with one exception, to contain the resolutions of the
Ministers' Union, who represented a large class among the best
citizens approving the Governor's action and upholding my
methods. I talked with many of the best citizens, among whom
were district officials, who stated they believed the fight would
have been pulled off on some adjacent disputed territory about
El Paso. Of course, Mr. Stuart assured me that he would not
bring the fight off in Texas, but the Governor of Chihuahua also
informed me that Mr. Stuart assured him that he would not pull
off the fight in Old Mexico, • and at the same time he had the
dispatches to quote him as saying he would never violate the laws
of Texas. If he does not do so every day in some of his gambling
establishments, then common report has woefully misrepresented
him.
400 Captain Bill McDonald
I had a close and constant espionage placed, not only on the
principals, but also on the passenger depot and the cars loaded
with paraphernalia of the ring, with instructions to follow the
latter to wherever hauled. Not only did I do this, up to the 14th,
but kept it up to the 21st, notwithstanding Mr. Albers' outburst
of virtuous (?) indignation, because I kept a surveillance over
Maher when taken to Albers' room, over the latter's place of busi-
ness, on the night of the 13th, the day before the fight was to
occur. I did this on the night of the 20th, when Maher was
domiciled in the same room. By the way, from the report of
Captains Hughes and Brooks, I find it hard to reconcile Mr.
Albers' high sounding document with his action in going on the
bond of some bunco men whom Captain Hughes arrested for
swindling and placed in jail. They were let out of jail, and
Captains Hughes and Brooks investigated the facts, and found
Mr. Albers and a man by the name of Bums, a keeper of a
" red light " joint, were the bondsmen. Now, the surveillance over
men who were advertised to commit a crime which was a felony
in Texas, made these people very mad, and much was said about
the liberty of the citizen, martial law, etc. The drippings from
such sanctuaries should come very seldom, and then in very broken
doses. I usurped no authority, nor interfered with local officers
in any duty they saw fit to perform. I was ordered there to
see that no such crime as was widely advertised to come off near
El Paso should be perpetrated upon any isolated Texas soil, nor
even on any so-called neutral strip between Texas and Mexico.
The presence of the ranger force was evidently very much appre-
ciated by a certain business element there, when these people
called on me for protection and to leave a detachment in El Paso
to protect the banks, while most of my force would be out of the
city on the day of the fight. The city was full of desperate
characters looking for spoils from whatever source.
From the utterance of Mr. Stuart, and most of his friends, as
expressed in press despatches, it would appear that the rangers
and he were there for the same purpose — to prevent the fight in
Texas.. Nevertheless, Mr. Stuart's side kept up their misrepre-
sentations until it became a foregone conclusion that no fight
could occur on any disputed or neutral ground convenient to El
Paso, notwithstanding the press dispatches reported him as having
Mr. Bat Masterson and 100 men to protect his ring. I never
heard of one cat squalling because another cat's tail got mashed.
They began looking for another place, and Maher's eyes became
Appendix A 401
very sore, and apparently remained in that condition until a
secure place was found in Old Mexico, some 400 miles from El
Paso. Then his eyes began to improve every day. Still, they may
have been sore, but Dr. Yandell, who was reported in press dis-
patches as saying " Pete had acute ophthalmia," informed me that
he never diagnosed his case, nor saw Maher at the time.
The prize fighters were merely dough in the hands of Mr.
Stuart and the hundreds of others who were present for the
money they hoped to win, and would have fought in the ring,
wherever located, if unmolested by officers at that time. It is
hard to believe that Mr. Stuart had so much respect for law he
regarded as wrong, and which he believed was passed to affect
his interests. To illustrate his great respect for laws generally,
Mr. Brooks, manager of the Western Union Telegraph Company,
came to me the night before the start was to be made for Langtry,
and demanded protection. He stated that a representative of
Mr. Stuart had come to him and informed him that unless his
company paid $10,000 to Mr. Stuart, that he (Mr. B.) could not
use his own office and his own wires to send off the report of the
fight at Langtry. This same representative of Mr. Stuart's in-
formed Mr. Brooks that said Mr. Stuart would place his (Mr.
Stuart's) men in the office and keep him out by force. I readily
granted him protection to do his legitimate business and had my
rangers about the office, with the proper instructions, and no such
high-handed measures were undertaken.
The statement wired, that I and the rangers crossed the river
to see the fight, was palpably made to belittle the force. They
knew it was false at the time.
I desire to express my approbation for the intelligent and
efficient manner in which Captains Brooks, McDonald, HugheS;
and Rogers executed every order and performed every duty. The
rangers conducted themselves in such manner as to reflect addi-
tional credit upon the name of a ranger — always a synonym for
courage and duty well performed. They were active in the execu-
tion of every order, quiet and orderly in manner, determined in
mien, fearless and vigilant on duty ; they thus naturally incur the
displeasure of the law-breakers ever\nvhere.
I have the honor to be ydur obedient servant,
W. H. Mabry, Adjutant-General.
Thanks are due Captains Orsay and Owen for the manner in
which they have performed their respective duties.
402 Captain BUI McDonald
I beg to here express my appreciation for the thoughtful and
courteous consideration always accorded to me by Your Excel-
lency, and my obligations for the cordial and able co-operation
and advice which you have rendered to me in the administration
of mj'^ department.
I have the honor to subscribe myself,
Verj^ respectfully your obedient servant,
W. H. Mabry, Adjutant-General.
STRENGTH AND OPERATIONS OF THE FRONTIER
BATTALION
As now organized, the frontier force consists of four companies,
commanded by Captains J. A. Brooks, W. J. McDonald, Jno. R.
Hughes and J. H. Rogers.
Three are stationed along the Rio Grande and one (McDonald)
in the Pan-handle, with headquarters at Alice, Cotulla, Ysleta and
Amarillo. They scout over a large section of country, and detach-
ments are sent to different sections where needed, if it is possible
to send them. Demands for rangers have been greater than this
department could furnish, because of the limited number of men
in the service. But eveiy effort has been made to cover as much
territory as possible.
The report of operations for the two years show that they have
traveled in scouting 173,381 miles; arrested 676 criminals; re-
turned 2,856 head of stolen stock to their owners; have assisted
the civil authorities 162 times, and guarded jails 13 times.
The duties of the ranger are arduous and often dangerous. The
most desperate criminals would naturally seek that isolated sec-
tion, and when on the trail of the bold desperadoes, often life is
the forfeit in the encounter that may follow. Praise is due the
commanding officers and their men for the prompt and fearless
manner with which they perform their duties. While the pay is
small, none but young men of character, standing, and good habits
are enlisted, and they so conduct themselves as to reflect credit
upon the State in the efficient service they render.
Because of the limited force, and the great demands made upon
the service, there have been enlisted 82 special rangers, who serve
mthout pay from the State. They are almost exclusively located
in the frontier sections, and are paid principally by private in-
terests, who claim the}^ are compelled to stand the hardship of
Appendix A 403
the extra burden, or tax it imposes, because, in conjunction with
the regular force as a standing menace to criminals, they are thus
enabled to enjoy some of the protection which a State really
guarantees to them. These " specials " are always enlisted upon
the recommendation of the sheriff and the district attorney, or
the sheriff and some other officer of the county or district.
APPENDIX B
PART OF TWO YEARS' REPORT OF ADJUTANT-
GENERAL THOS. SCURRY
December 1st, 1898 — October 31st, 1900
the ranger service
The fact that the State has had for some years past a force
always ready to suppress disorder, arrest criminals and aid the
civil authorities in the protection of courts and jails, has been the
cause of hundreds of criminals taking refuge in the border States,
outside of the jurisdiction of Texas, and in Mexico, who would
return to Texas to continue their depredations and murders were
it not for the ranger force. Instances can be shown where the
moral effect of having the rangers ready to co-operate with the
civil authorities anywhere in the State has been a deterrent to
the commission of lawless acts, and numerous instances can be
shown where whole counties have been purged of their criminal
element by the presence of the rangers, who alone were able to
restore peace and good order in the community.
In reality, the so-called Frontier Battalion is but four small
detachments. The reports received at this office indicate that these
men, while fearless and prompt in the performance of their duty,
have always acted with discretion and in the most orderly manner.
Their well-known reputation for courage of itself has had a most
salutary and good moral effect on the lawless element of the com-
munities where they have been stationed.
Since January 1, 1899, the officers and men of the Frontier
Battalion have been very actively engaged in running down the
criminal element in the west, and in subduing lawlessness in other
portions of the State. The rangers have only been used in other
portions of the State when a direct request on your Excellency
was made by the civil authorities of cities or counties needing
them. That their work has been effective and to the satisfaction
Appendix B 405
of those requesting their service, it is only necessary to refer to
letters on file in this office in reference to their etiiciency received
from citizens and officials of the various cities and towns to which
rangers have been ordered. It is probably appropriate to men-
tion some prominent features of the work of the rangers during
the past two yeai-s, outside of the duties usually performed by
them in the way of scouting in the sparsely settled district of the
west, and the work accomplished in recovering stolen cattle, arrest-
ing thieves, murderers, etc.
During the month of March, 1899, Captain McDonald, with two
men, was ordered to Columbus, Colorado county, for the purpose
of preventing trouble there between the Townsend and Reece
factions. Captain McDonald went alone, his men not being able
to reach him in time, and his courage and cool behavior prevented
a conflict between the two factions. The district judge and
district attorney both informed him that it was impossible to
handle the situation, but he told them that he could make the
effort, and he gave the members of each faction a limited time
in which to get rid of their weapons, stating that he would put
those in jail who refused to comjoly. His order had the desired
effect.
Captain McDonald was ordered by your Excellency to Hender-
son county to work on the cases against the lynchers of the
Humphreys. In reference to this affair, I take the liberty of quoting
from a letter from Hon. N. B. Morris, ex-Assistant Attorney-
General :
" You will remember that at the request of the sheriff, county
attorney and other local authorities of that county. Captain Mc-
Donald and Private Old were sent there to assist them and myself
in the investigation of that horrible murder which was then en-
shrouded in a mystery that it seemed almost impossible to uncover.
Before the rangers reached us the people in the neighborhood of
the murder seemed afraid to talk. They said they would be
murdered, too, if they took any hand in working up the case.
About the first thing that Captain McDonald did was to assure
the people that he and his associates had come there to stay until
every murderer was arrested and con\deted, and that he would see
that all those who assisted him would be protected. They believed
him, and in consequence thereof they soon began to talk and feel
that the law would be vindicated, and I am glad to say that it
was. The work of the rangers in this one case is worth more to
the State, in my opinion, than your department will cost during
406 Captain Bill McDonald
your administration. In fact, such service cannot be valued in
dollars and cents. . . .
" The rano^ers were at all times sober, orderly and quiet, and
left that countrj^ on good terms with all factions. They paid no
attention to the criticism of the mob sympathizers, but went
straight along, did their duty and now have the confidence not
only of the good citizens, but of the members of the mob and
their friends."
Three of the lynchers turned State's evidence and eight of them
were sentenced to the penitentiary for life.
In March, 1899, Company E, Captain J. H. Rogers command-
ing, was ordered to Laredo to assist the State health officer to
enforce the quarantine laws, there being an epidemic of smallpox
in that city. The Mexicans living there objected to being moved
from their homes to the hospital, and the State health officer,
considering it absolutelj'^ necessary for them to be moved in order
to stop the spread of the disease, required force to accomplish
his object. The Mexicans showed a disposition to riot on the
19th, collecting together in hundreds, some of them being armed.
The city officials had a fight with them, several shots being fired,
and on the 20th, Captain Rogers, followed by one ranger and a
special ranger, went with the sheriff of the county to search for
arms secreted in the house of an ex-policeman, it is supposed,
for the purpose of making an assault upon the State health
officer and his force if approached. These officers met resistance
from the inmates of the house. A fight ensued in which Captain
Rogers received a wound in the right arm, and one of the Mexicans
was killed. The remaining detachment of Company E, having
been advised of the fight, and having met Captain Rogers in a
disabled condition, and presuming that the lives of the ranger and
special ranger were in jeopardy, went to the scene of action
without hesitation, and immediately upon reaching the street in
which the Mexicans were assembled were fired upon by the latter.
The six rangers proceeded up the street firing as they went, being
under the impression that a man seen lying in the street, dead,
was one of the rangers who accompanied Captain Rogers. Several
disinterested citizens have said that these rangers showed remark-
able pluck and daring in coming down the street, fighting several
times their number without the slightest hesitation. Several
Mexicans were wounded. After this the work of moving the
smallpox patients to the hospital was an easy task.
In April, 1899, two rangers of this company were sent into
Appendix B 407
Wharton County by request, and were successful in breaking up
a gang of cattle thieves operating in that locality. Several were
arrested, including the recognized leader.
In September, 1899, Captain Rogers and several of his men
were ordered to Orange by request of the civil authorities, on
account of an organized mob killing one negro and wounding
another, and sending anonymous letters to others directing them
to move out of the country. Several arrests were made. Captain
Rogers was removed from Orange on account of his wound, and
Captain McDonald and several of his men were ordered there to
relieve him. Captain McDonald succeeded in arresting and having
indicted four men for murder and a great number of men for
conspiracy to murder in connection with the above mob. It is to
be regretted that Ranger T. L. Fuller, while in the discharge of
his duty at Orange, Texas, found it necessary to shoot and kill
Oscar Poole in self-defense.
On the 15th day of October, 1900, while Captain W. J. Mc-
Donald, Lieutenant T. L. Fuller and Private A. L. Saxon, of
Company B, were attending court at Orange, Texas, as "vvitnesses,
and Lieutenant Fuller to answer the charge of false imprisonment
(for making an arrest while a private),* the latter was shot and
killed by Tom Poole, a brother of Oscar Poole, while in a barber
shop talking to one of the barbers. From the information received
it is certain that Lieutenant Fuller did not know of the presence
of Tom Poole when shot. While this ranger was enlisted on
account of his previous good record as a deputy sheriff, he enlisted
with the hope of saving sufficient money to finish his education in
the University of Texas, having at that time just completed his
freshman year. He was a young man of temperate habits, quiet
in his manner and a fearless ranger.
* This tragedy resulted in the following recommendation by the Adjutant-General,
which recommendation was duly acted upon.
RECOMMENDATION
I recommend that the law governing the ranger service be so
ammended " that the officers, non-commissioned officers and pri-
vates of the ranger force be clothed with the powers of peace
officers to aid the civil authorities in the execution of the laws
anywhere in the State; that they be given authority to make
arrests, and in such cases to be governed by the laws regulating
408 Captain Bill McDonald
and defining the powers and the duties of sheriffs when in dis-
charge of similar duties." That this force consist of not to exceed
four companies of twenty men each. The commissioned officers
to be four company commanders, each with the rank of captain,
one quartermaster with the rank of captain, and four 1st ser-
geants. The pay of the officers and non-commissioned officers to
be as heretofore prescribed, and the pay of privates to be $40.00
per month. By increasing the pay of the privates, the State will
secure the service of a better class of men, who will remain in
the service a longer time and do more efficient work.
In view of the fact that a number of criminal suits have been
brought against privates in the ranger force for false imprison-
ment by reason of arrests made by them prior to the promulga-
tion of the attorney-general's opinion advising that only the
officers of the ranger force had authority to execute criminal
process under the law (see General Orders No. 24, Exhibit P),
I respectfully recommend that an act be passed by the Legislature
legalizing the official acts of the rangers as peace officers prior to
May 26, 1900.
Officers and privates have for twenty-four years been acting in
good faith under the impression that all rangers had the authority
of peace officers, and privates of the Frontier Battalion have,
during that time, received orders from higher authority to exercise
the power of peace officers.
APPENDIX C
REPORT OF CAPTAIN W. J. McDONALD, COMMANDING
COMPANY B, RANGER FORCE
September 1st, 1902 to August 31st, 1904
The Adjutant-General, State of Texas:
Sir: — I have the honor to herewith inclose a report of the
operations of Company B, Ranger Force, for the two years ending
August 31, 1904 :
September, 1902. — Captain McDonald, with Privates Blanton,
Ryan and Taylor, scouted to Hutchinson County, from Amarillo.
Private Taylor arrested James Newlin for assault to murder and
turned him over to Sheriff Randal. Sergeant McCauley and
Private Delling were ordered to Newlin county on a scout, and
escorted a party of surveyors, who had been run out of pastures
with Winchesters, and protected them from violence. Captain Mc-
Donald with Privates Blanton and Taylor went to Columbus to
carry Gregorio Cortez to Karnes County district court. His life
being threatened by a mob, it was necessary to secure two men
from Company C and guard the jail in which he was placed. By
order of the district judge we carried him back to Columbus and
put him in jail there. Captain McDonald arrested S. Harvard for
theft of a bale of cotton valued at $25.20 and put him in jail
at Quanah.
October, 1902. — I went to Norman, 0. T., to appear in cases
against horse thieves previously caught by me, for theft of horses.
Accompanied by Privates Taylor and Ryan, I went to Eagle
Lake to investigate the attempted assassination of W. T. Eld-
ridge and to protect Mr. Eldridge from further violence, and
succeeded in finding out who did the shooting. Privates Blanton,
Wari'ent and Ryan scouted Oldham, Moore, Hutchinson, Roberts,
Hemphill, Wheeler, Gray and Carson counties during the month,
locating cow thieves, reported to be in that section. Sergeant
McCauley assisted Sheriff Johnson in carrying a crazy man to
410 Captain Bill McDonald
the asylum at Austin, Texas. During this month, 2,600 miles
were scouted and traveled.
November, 1902. — Accompanied by Privates Ryan and Taylor,
I attended district court at Richmond, where trouble was antici-
pated in connection vrith the attempt to assassinate Mr. Eldridge.
I went to Texline and Clayton, N. M., to investigate cattle
stealing.
December, 1902. — With Privates Blanton and Kenton I took
Will Carr, who had turned State's evidence on the county clerk,
cattle inspectors and others in Hutchinson County, to Lipscomb
County to district court, where one of the cases had been trans-
ferred. By order of the Governor of the State, Company B was
ordered to Fort Hancock, on the Rio Grande, which was made
headquarters, instead of Amarillo.
January, 1903. — Private Smith scouted to Alpine, to Santiago
and to Comstoek. An-ested Joe Hammon for murder and
delivered him to the sheriff at Alpine. Also arrested a man for
theft.
February, 1903. — Privates Smith and Taylor arrested a man at
Sanderson for burglarizing Lockhamden ranch. He recovered
the stolen property and turned it over to the owner. He turned
the burglar over to the sheriff of the county. Sergeant McCauley
and Private Ryan arrested Joe Jones, wanted at Pecos for
forgerj^, and turned him over to the sheriff of the county. The
money in his possession was secured and turned over to the
sheriff of the county, and the defendant sent to the penitentiary
at once. Privates Bean and Blanton scouted to Shafter and
guarded the money for the mines. I assisted the local officials
of El Paso several times during the month, and went to Man-
gum, 0. T., as witness, and to assist in the prosecution of Sid
Woodring, Frank Woodring and others for stealing my horses.
These men were followed by me from the line of Collingsworth
County to Cleveland County, 0. T., and caught with the horses.
They were sent to the penitentiarj'^ for the theft.
March, 1903. — Sergeant McCauley and Privates Bean and
Blanton scouted on two trips to Shafter and Marfa, and up the
Rio Grande in search for the notorious Bill Taylor, the train
robber and murderer, and who had broken jail on several occa-
sions, but he escaped into Mexico. Privates Taylor and Smith
scouted to Sanderson and assisted the constable in preventing
trouble at a trial in court, where the defendant, a sheriff, had
killed the justice of the peace. Private Taylor, at the request
Appendix C 411
of the sheriff, went with him to El Paso to bring Geo. Maglovlin,
who was charged with rape, to Alpine court. He also assisted
in the arrest of a man for rape, one for horse theft, and one for
murder, and put them in jail. Many scouts were made along the
river in search of cow and horse thieves during the month.
April, 1903. — I assisted the oflicei-s and went with the sheriff
of Pecos County to locate a man, but he escaped into Mexico.
Sergeant McCauley and Private Bean arrested two men for theft
of wood, and one for theft of a horse. Sergeant McCauley
assisted the sheriff in arresting a man for threatening to take
life. Pnvates Delling and Ryan scouted to Valentine and as-
sisted in following horse thieves, but the thieves escaped into
Mexico. They recovered one stolen horse and returned it to
owner. Private Smith arrested a man for assault, and went to
Sanderson to investigate the attempted burning of a hotel. He
also went to Del Rio to look after several horse-stealing cases.
Private Taylor went with Inspector Cook on a scout, looking for
stolen cattle.
May, 1903. — I assisted in bringing to justice Gil Brice, a Mexi-
can, charged with killing a lawyer named Tusselman several
years ago, and who had escaped at Fort Hancock while shackled.
Privates Ryan and Bean were sent to Sanderson to investigate
the killing of a justice of peace and another man. Private Taylor
arrested Thos. Chappis for attempt to murder, and succeeded in
getting him in jail. Arrested R. C. McMahan for killing of Mr.
Bob Smith, a justice of the peace, and Chas. Reed for lunacy.
June, 1903. — Private Ryan scouted down the river and to
Sanderson. Sergeant McCauley scouted with and assisted river
guards. Private Bean scouted from Sanderson in pursuit of a
Mexican wanted in Tom Green County for attempt to rape.
Scouted to Sanderson and arrested Tom Brown for killing Mr.
Morris, the operator. Private Delling scouted to Ferlingin and
investigated some cattle stealing.
July, 1903. — Privates Bean and Dunaway scouted four days
down the river looking for stolen cattle. They arrested three
Mexicans for shooting at Fort Hancock. Privates Delling and
Ryan scouted to Sanderson to prevent trouble between factions,
and to Fort Stockton to be present at the examining trial of
McMahan, who was charged with murder, as trouble was ex-
pected. They also arrested a man charged with rape.
August, 1903. — Sergeant McCauley and Private Bean scouted
in the northern part of El Paso County, looking after cattle and
412 Captain Bill McDonald
horse thieves. Private Dunaway arrested John McCain while he
was in the act of robbing a T. & P. caboose. Private Taylor
scouted during the month. Various other scouts were made during
the month.
September, 1903. — By order of General Hulen, I took Private
Dunaway and went to Marfa to investigate an attack made on
L. N. Holbert, county attorney. Mr. Holbert had been taken
from the hotel by a mob and seriously beaten. I found who the
guilty parties were, and brought Mr. Holbert to go before the
grand jury to prosecute them, but through fear he begged off
from the district attorney and wanted the matter dropped. I
made an investigation of some whitecappers, and furnished the
grand jury with evidence of same. One man was indicted. By
order of General Hulen, Sergeant McCauley and Private Dun-
away went to Eagle Pass to assist in the quarantine regulations
and guarded the river until the quarantine was raised. Accom-
panied by Sergeant McCauley, I went with Deputy Sheriff
Kenton to capture a man, but failed to get him out of Mexico.
Several scouts were made to Sanderson and Fort Stockton to
assist the officers. Private Bean arrested two Mexicans for carry-
ing pistols, and carried them to jail, by order of the justice of
the peace. Privates Delling and Ryan arrested two Mexicans
for disturbing the peace. Private Taylor went to Columbus as
witness in the Cortez case. Privates Delling and Smith went with
Sheriff Walton to assist him in his county for several days.
October, 1903.-— Sergeant McCauley and Private Dunaway
were still on quarantine service at Eagle Pass. Private Dunaway
arrested a Mexican for running a night watchman from his duty,
and put him in jail. Privates Ryan and Bean arrested a man for
burglarizing Finley ranch; recovered the property stolen, and
turned it over to its owner. The man was put in jail at El Paso.
Private Smith assisted the sheriff and scouted with him over the
county, and then went to Marfa and assisted the officers there.
Sergeant McCauley and Private Dunaway returned from Eagle
Pass, where they have been on duty for several months. Private
Bean scouted after outlaws during the month. Private Ryan
went to Fort Stockton to attend district court, and went to
Sanderson to do some work for the sheriff in serving some
papers. Privates Taylor, Smith and Delling carried prisoners
from Fort Stockton to Marfa for safe keeping. Privates Smith,
Taylor and Delling attended district court in Del Rio.
December, 1903. — By order of General Hulen, I went to
Appendix C 413
Walker County to look after parties who waylaid and assas-
sinated Bob James in KittrelPs " Cut-off " on December 4th. I
arrived there on the 12th, and on the 13th and 14th arrested
Buck Shaw, Henry Shaw, P. Clark and Jim Alston as being im-
plicated in the murder, carried them to Huntsville, and had them
put in the penitentiary for safe keeping. Held a court of in-
quiry before Judge Cox, a justice of the peace, every few days.
On the 24th Buck Shaw, the leader of the gang, had an ex-
amining trial, and was held without bail. Chas. Rhoden was
tried on the 29th and held without bail. The defendants then
sued out writs of habeas corpus before District Judge Smithers.
Alston was allowed bail in the sum of $1,500. Private Delling
arrived in the " Cut-off " on the 16th and has been assisting me
since in the cases. Private Delling assisted in arresting two men
for theft of cattle. Private Bean killed a negro porter at El
Paso for knocking him down with an iron poker, and was
promptly acquitted in district court at El Paso in January.
Sergeant McCauley went to Marfa to investigate some stealing
there and then went to investigate the killing of William Johnson.
January, 1904. — I, together with Private Delling, went to
Corrigan and Livingston to look after some witnesses. I went
after a bad negro for Sheriff Brooks. The negro was armed
with a shotgun, and considerable shooting occurred. After the
negro ran out he shot at me and I wounded him in the side.
Went to Huntsville to attend habeas corpus trial of the murderers
of Bob James, which resulted in holding Shaw, Roden and Clark
without bail. Assisted Sheriff Brooks in arresting a bad negro,
wanted for robbing. Scouted in Houston, Trinity and Walker
counties during the month, continually. Private Delling went
to Polk County and arrested four men for theft of hogs and put
them in jail at Huntsville. Sergeant McCauley arrested C.
Marsden for murder. Sergeant McCauley, Privates Ryan and
Bean scouted to Love's ranch to stop an invasion of Mexicans
who were coming over after parties charged with murder on
this side.
February, 1904. — I went to Crockett after attached witness.
Private Delling arrested a man in the " Cut-off " for theft of
hogs. I was ordered to Groveton by Adjutant General Hulen
for the purpose of investigating the murder of an old lady,
Touchstone, who was murdered for her land and money and
thrown out the door for the hogs to eat. After investigation,
I found that her throat had been cut and that she had been
414 Captain Bill McDonald
killed outright. Assisted by Private Delling I arrested Ab Angle,
who had run off, as principal, and five others as accomplices.
These parties were indicted by the grand jury. I caught one of
them over the line of Arkansas while running away and put him
in the pen at Henderson. Private Delling arrested a man in
the " Cut-off " for horse theft, and put him in jail at Groveton.
Private Dunaway arrested a man for robbing a camp. Private
Bean arrested five Mexicans for disturbing the peace, and one
man for assault to murder. Privates Taylor and Smith attended
district court at Marfa. Privates Smith and Dunaway were
ordered to Groveton to assist me in holding down the toughs
of east Texas. Private Ryan attended district court at Amarillo ;
attended district court at Huntsville; assisted the sheriff in
handling prisoners. Private Delling arrested three men for
shooting up the town. He also arrested one who was charged
with adultery in the " Cut-off " and one for waylaying and shoot-
ing two men at Phelps with a shotgun. Private Dunaway ar-
rested a man for carrying a pistol at Groveton, and two men for
conspiring to kill Abe Hyman, the only eyewitness to the murder
of Dr. Gary, and another man at Groveton. One of the men
had fixed a plan to make the other believe that Abe Hyman was
going to do him some violence, and succeeded in getting him to
get a shotgun in order to kill Abe Hyman. Private Dunaway
took the gun and landed both men in jail. The accused men
admitted the whole truth. One of these men was made constable,
deputy sheriff and jailer as soon as he was released from jail.
The other was run off at once, but I have his sworn statements
of the facts. Private Dunaway arrested a man for burglary and
rape and put him in jail. Private Taylor arrested a man at
Sanderson for stealing cattle. Private Taylor was ordered to
report to me at Groveton. Private Dunaway arrested a man for
carrying a pistol, put him in jail, but the sheriff released him
soon after, pretending he was an assistant of his.
April, 1904. — I carried two of the accomplices in the Touch-
stone murder from Huntsville to Groveton. By order of the Ad-
jutant General I went to Leon County to investigate the mur-
der of Tummins, who was waylaid and killed. Two men were
arrested at the house of the murderer and put under $5,000 bond,
but the grand jury failed to find a bill against them. They then
began shooting into houses and had the people considerably dis-
turbed. With Private Delling, I arrested them and held them
without bail at the examining trial and also in habeas corpus
Appendix C 415
trial. I was ordered to San Jacinto County to investigate law-
lessness there, especially wire cutting, but found some of the
wire cutters on the grand jury, and it was the opinion of the
district and county attorney that we could do no good under ex-
isting circumstances, and notliing was accomplished there. Pri-
vate Dunaway arrested a man for assault to rape. Assisted by
Privates Dunaway and Delling, I arrested four persons charged
with murder. They had previously been arrested for being ac-
complices to the Touchstone murder. I arrested a man for theft
of a horse. Sergeant McCauley scouted in different counties on
the Rio Grande, and investigated the stealing of horses. I went
to Waverly to investigate the poisoning of a well and cistern,
but decided it was done by the parties themselves, in order to
accuse others of it. I went to Palestine to assist the sheriff in
hanging a negro charged with rai>e. Private Delling went to
Leon County to investigate the murder of Bob Blackwell, and
succeeded in securing the required evidence. He attended the ex-
amining trial of the two men charged with the murder, who were
held without bail. Privates Smith and Dunaway arrested a man
for attempting to murder A. A. Smith and put him in jail. They
also arrested the same man for carrying a pistol. Private Ryan
arrested two Mexicans for stealing sheep in El Paso County and
another for stealing wood.
June, 1904. — Private Delling and myself scouted in Kittrell's
"Cut-off," Houston and Trinity Counties. I went to Comstock;
made a scout on Deril's River, to El Paso and to Fort Hancock.
Sergeant McCauley arrested a man for embezzlement and started
to jail mth him at El Paso, but he escaped by junjping out of
a window while the train was in motion. Sergeant McCauley
and Private Ryan arrested two Mexicans for theft of horses and
saddles, recovered the property and returned the same to its
owners. Private Ryan attempted to arrest a man for theft of
cattle, and had a running fight with and wounded him. He es-
caped across the river. Private Dunaway arrested a man and
put him in jail for carrying a pistol. Privates Delling and
Smith went to Centerville to court to prevent trouble between
citizens there, when a malicious prosecution was filed against
him. Private Delling arrested a man for carrying a pistol in
the " Cut-off."
July, 1904. — Accompanied by Privates Delling and Wilcox, I
went to Oakwood to investigate train robbing of the I. & G. N.
We captured two of the men without a doubt. They were put
416 Captain Bill McDonald
in jail at Palestine and identified by the conductor as the two
men that came into the sleeper, and the only two tracks that led
up to where the express packages were torn open fitted theirs.
They afterwards admitted them to be their tracks. While we
made a strong case against them, the influence of the officers
and others was too strong to find any bills. I would like to have
space to add in this report the testimony taken at the examin-
ing trial.
August, 1904. — I went to Grove ton to attend court, and car-
ried Ab Angle before the grand jury, but he failed to testify,
as he had been persuaded not to do so. I arrested a man for
being implicated in train robbery, but he proved an alibi and
was released. Private Delling went to Centerville to district
court. Sergeant McCauley recovered six stolen horses and
turned them over to the owners. He arrested four Mexicans for
theft of cattle.
Veiy respectfully,
W. J. McDonald,
Commanding Company B, Ranger Force.
Appendix C
417
Captain J. A. Brooks ....
Captain W. J McDonald . .
Captain J. H. Rogers ....
Captain Jno. R. Hughes . .
Totals
si
Oot33> 1 Letter of company. |
SUnooSiiS 1 Murder. |
§ 1 o» wo 00 1 Assault to murder.
>
i
w 1 : 4^*.c;, 1 Aggravated assault.
S 1 «; "w 1 Horse, cattle and other theft.
S
»(k. K5 tC ti
Swindling, embezzlement and
forgery.
gl^r,;^
1 Robbery and burglary.
•(^ 1 • H-M
1 Mail and train robbery.
O* 1 ►-*>>*•
1 Perjury.
I^ 1 -JH-OS
1 Rape and adultery.
1 SmuggUng.
O 1 • ow^ 1 Carrying concealed weapons.
col
H-: : to 1 Seduction.
K>l
: : ** 1 Escaped convicts (captured).
: 1
: : : | Rioting.
CO
8
■vJMOOO
ti OJ Cn ©
Minor offenses.
i
isSI
Total arrests.
is
hi'i
Scouts.
: 1 — — 1 Attempts at arrest.
o 1 SScSS 1 District courts a.ssi«ted.
g
g::
.
Number days quarantine guard.
SI: 55;
1 Jail guards.
gISfSg
: 1 Other assistance to civil authority.
-.1
! h-' CO 1 Engagements with criminals.
col
: H-i h3 1 Persons killed in resisting arrest.
•• 1
'.'.'.'. 1 Wounded in resisting arrest.
0.1
' • cnco 1 Escorts.
H-l
'.'.'. ^ \ Rangers killed in line of du*v.
.-1
: : : ^ 1 Rangers wounded in line of duty.
S3
CO
atotcio>
OOh-OOIO
Horses and cattle recovered and re-
turned to owners.
S
SJ
:J5
Miles traveled in discharge of di
ity.
C 0
9
0)
2?
APPENDIX D
REPORT OF AN INVESTIGATION MADE BY HERBERT
J. BROWN, EMPLOYED BY THE WAR DEPART-
MENT IN CONJUNCTION WITH CAPTAIN W.
G. BALDWIN, WITH A VIEW OF LEARN-
ING WHAT HAPPENED AT BROWNS-
VILLE, TEX., ON THE 13TH AND
14TH OF AUGUST, 1906
Washington, B. C, December 5, 1908.
Sm: I have the honor to submit the following report relative
to the investigation of the Brownsville raid :
Ex-Private Boj^d Conyers, of Company B, Twenty-fifth In-
fantry, now at Monroe, Ga., told William Lawson, a detective in
the employ of Captain William G. Baldwin, of Roanoke, Va.,
that he and three [or four] other men of the Twenty-fifth In-
fantry were, the leaders in the Brownsville raid. This informa-
tion was obtained at different dates during the month of June,
1908. (See Exhibit A.)
I submit the affidavit as presented. There are certain dis-
crepancies of a minor character, due to the fact that Lawson is
illiterate and had to depend on his memory for details. But it
should be borne in mind that Lawson was unacquainted with the
details of the Brownsville raid and was given information which
could have come only from one familiar with the secret history of
the afi!air. Lawson's first report included the names of Conyers,
John Holloman, John Brown, and " another man." Subse-
quently he supplied the name of James Powell, but I think the
original name given was that of Robert L. Collier, Company C,
one of the relief guard. This information was corroborated in
the presence of witnesses, but before Lawson could finish his
work Conyers became suspicious and would give no further evi-
dence incriminating himself. From then on he furnished to A.
H. Baldwin, Captain W. G. Baldwin, and to myself information
piecemeal and reluctantly. The name of Carolina de Saussure,
his bunk mate, was the last one obtained.
Appendix D 419
Conyers tried to commit suicide after he found that he had
made his statements to a detective, declaring: that the other ne-
groes would kill him when it got out. He finallj' wrote to Sena-
tor Foraker and received a reply, a copy of which is annexed.
That reply he construed to mean that he should stick to his
original stoiy told before the Senate committee at all haz-
ards, and there he stands. I have every reason to believe that
his confession is genuine and gives for the first time the true
secret history of the Browns\ille raid.
The list of participants given in this report Conyers furnished
me personally. I believe it is substantially correct, but with
the influences shown to be backing Conyers to adhere to his false
testimony given before the Senate committee still being exerted
he cannot be relied on to support his own confession mitil it is
thoroughly sustained from other sources.
Evidences of similar encouragement to stick to the lies told
at Brownsville and before the Senate committee were foimd in
many places, and subsequent to the date of the Foraker letter
they became stronger and more obstructive than ever.
The investigation has been conducted with strict recognition
of the advisability of preserving secrecy, and with discretion.
No promises of immunity were made. The laiowledge on the
part of the ex-soldiers that the Government could not punish
them after their separation from the service, coupled with the
belief that by preser\dng silence they would aid in the passage
of the relief legislation now pending in Congress, has added to
the difficulty of securing information.
The issue has evidently become racial. The colored detectives
would be confronted frequently in the smaller towns where these
men are living with a demand from colored men for information
as to their business.
We have located over 130 of these ex-soldiers, and have been
in thirty States in quest of information. The appendices give
statements as to the results obtained. They indicate a general
knowledge on the part of the ex-soldiei's that the raid came from
inside the fort, and that the soldiers of Company B were the
guilty parties.
We earnestly urge that we be permitted to continue the in-
vestigation. Several detectives are still in the field, and within
the coming week a number of affidavits will be forthcoming.
With some repetition of matter appearing later in the report,
Boyd Conyers's story is given here in narrative form:
420 Captain Bill McDonald
REPORT OF T. B. SKIDMORE.
"The rumors of trouble over the assignment of colored troops
to Brownsville were circulated before the troops left Fort Nio-
brara, and preparations were made among the men to * get even
with the crackers/ so the whites were called. Some cartridges
were held out at range practice, but more en route to Browns-
ville. Pretense was made that they were given away at stations
along the road. Some were, but a large number were secreted.
" At inspection in Brownsville, Lieutenant Lawrason, Company
B, threatened punishment to the men who were short of ammu-
nition, but nothing was done about it, and the deficiency was
supplied.
" The friction with citizens of Brownsville began at once. In
Boyd Conyers's language, 'Whisky made all the trouble. If
we hadn't been drinking we wouldn't have had the nerve to shoot
up the town.'
" It was agreed, at a gathering of a few men in the saloon of
Allison, the colored ex-soldier, on the afternoon of August 13,
1906, that the raid should take place that night at 12 o'clock. It
seems to have been delayed a few minutes to let Tamayo, the
Mexican scavenger, get away from the B barracks.
" John Hdlloman, the money lender of Company B, was the
chief conspirator and leader in the raid and custodian and dis-
tributor of the cartridges, but his plans could not have been car-
ried out had not Sergeant George Jackson, of Company B, in
charge of the keys of the gun racks in B barracks, and Sergeant
Reid, in command of the guards, co-operated both before and
after the raid.
" The four men who led the raid were John HoUoman, John
Brown, Boyd Conyers, and Carolina de Saussure, all of Com-
pany B (and probably R. L. Collier, of Company C). Hollo-
man was in barracks. Brown in the bake shop, Conj^ers and De
Saussure in the guardhouse. The two latter were in the same
detail, and had been relieved at about 11 o'clock, De Saussure
on the post at the guardhouse, and Conyers on No. 2, around
the barracks and facing the town. Holloman got the party to-
gether. Conyers and De Saussure slept on the same bunk in the
guardhouse, claiming that they wanted to get under the mosquito
net, and they had the trick of taking their guns into the bunk
instead of placing them in the open rack, on the excuse that
Appendix D 421
they didn't rust so badly under cover, but really so (he absence
of the guns from the open guardhouse rack would not attract
attention, and their owti absence would be ascribed to a visit to the
closet, which was back of the guardhouse. These two men
slipped out the rear door of the guardhouse, passed through the
sally port, and joined HoUoman and Brown.
" The party crossed the wall of the fort down near the end of
A barracks, went up the roadway to the entrance to the Cowen
alley, where the signal shots were fired. These shots were im-
mediately tallied onto by the alarm shots of Joseph B. Howard,
guard on No. 2, and formed the series testified to by Mrs. Katie
E. Leahy, of Brownsville. Her testimony is further borne out
by the statement that not over thirty seconds elapsed before a
number of men of Company B swarmed out on the upper gallery
and opened a fusillade on the town.
" It is an absolute certainty that it would have been impossible
for Sergeant Jackson to have opened the gun racks, for the men
to have assembled, secured their guns, loaded them, gone out to
the gallery, and started firing, all after the first shot was fired;
all aroused, as they testified unanimously, from sound slumber,
in less than two minutes, in the confusion of a dark barrack
room. Beyond the possibility of a doubt, the racks had been
opened and the inside conspirators were ready to pour out on
the signal shots. The testimony is ample that there were scarcely
twenty seconds between the last of the signal shots and the first
general volley from B barracks.
" The number firing from the barracks is unknown, but per-
haps 20 men were involved. A smaller number went to the
ground and followed the leaders up the alley. It will be remem-
bered that one of the witnesses testified to hearing some one of
the group of soldiers exclaim, * There they go ! ' Whereupon
these men leaped over the wall and ran up the alley.
" Boyd Conyers is the man whose gun jammed at the exit of
the alley by the Cowen house, testified to by Herbert Elkins, and
it was taken from him by De Saussure and fixed in the street
where the light from the street lamp at the corner of Elizabeth
Street shone on them.
" Less than five minutes elapsed from the time the first shot was
fired until these men were all back inside the fort.
" Conyers stated that Reid was told that they were going to
shoot up the town, and he had laughed and said, ' Don't go out
there and let the crackers get the best of you.'
422 Captain Bill McDonald
" When Conyers and De Saussure reached the guardhouse they
ran in the back way and got into their bunks. Sergeant Reid
came in and swore at them, but Conyers was so excited and out
of breath that he could hardly stand, so Reid stationed him at the
rear of tlie guardhouse in the dark where he could not be scruti-
nized so closely.
" Holloman came around with extra cartridges about daybreak
and Reid passed them out. The guns were all cleaned before
daylight."
This day personally appeared before me William Lawson, who,
being duly sworn, deposes and says:
" On June 5, 1908, I was sent to Monroe, Ga., to interview
Boyd Conyers, one of the soldiers who was stationed at Browns-
ville, Tex., in August, 1906. I was sent by Mr. Baldwin to get
in with Conyers and ascertain if he knew who did the shooting
at that point. I was not given the names of any of the members
of either of the companies stationed at that point, nor was I given
any other information, except the fact that a shooting occurred
at the time and place above mentioned, and that Boyd Conyers
was suspected of knowing who did same.
"I arrived at Monroe, Ga., on June 5, and stopped at the
home of Esther Crews, colored. I met Boyd Conyers, who is
known as ' Buddie ' Conyers, on the morning of June 6, but had
very little conversation with him, but was introduced to him as
an old soldier. On the morning of June 8, between 8 and 9
o'clock, I met Conyers about halfway between the station house
and Main Street. We talked some twenty or twenty-five minutes.
I broached the Brownsville case, and mentioned the fact that the
soldiers had shown their good sense by keeping their mouths
while at Washington. I then asked him what the motive was for
the shooting. He told me that the ^crackers ' at Brownsville
had made threats that they would have no negro soldiers at
Brownsville, and the soldiers had made it up in their minds that
if they bothered them that they would go in and clean up the
ground. He also said that they mentioned this to Sergeant Reid,
who was commander of the guards, and that Reid said, * All that
I have to say is to take care of yourself and the boys when you
go down there.' S. H. Parker, whose home is at Charleston, S.
C, was present and heard the same conversation.
" About then a gentleman called Conyers to come and clean
some clothes, and Conyers left, and nothing further was said
about the matter at this time. I was with Conyers nearly every
Appendix D 423
day, and went to Gainesville, Ga., on an excursion with him on
the 15th of June. I did not mention the Brownsville matter to
Conyers again until on the 29th of June, when I returned from
Atlanta, ha\dng gone there on June 27. On this date I met him
at Joe Blassingame's and had a pint bottle of liquor, offered him
a drink — he would not drink in the house, but we went up the
street and we stopped under a storehouse porch, near Main
street. We took a drink or two, and I started the Brownsville
case again. He told me that he was doing guard duty at the time
of the shooting at Brownsville, and was stationed at the outlet
toward the town. He said that when the guard was called the
night of the shooting they mentioned to Sergeant Reid what had
occurred downtown, and he said, * Boys, if you are not satisfied,
you will have to go and get satisfied,' and they remarked that
they were going to get satisfaction that night. Reid then laughed
and said, ^Boys, don't you go down there and let them get the
best of you.' He then assigned the guard and went away.
" In this conversation Conyers told me that John Brown, J. H.
HoUoman, and a man named Powell, and several others, came
down where he was on guard, and that they went downtown and
just gave them hell, and after they shot out all of their cartridges
they ran back to the barracks, and when they got back to the bar-
racks they found that the alarm had been sounded and the offi-
cers were calling the roll. Holloman, Brown, and himself were
late for roll call, but that some one answered for Brown and Hol-
loman, but that he was late, and that Reid told him that they had
gotten themselves and himself in a hell of a hole, and told him to
go to the guardhouse and pretend to be asleep, which he did.
" He told me that they had slipped a few cartridges when at
target practice and that before inspection, after the shooting,
Reid gave him some cartridges to replace the ones he had used.
He further said that they had all agreed before they went out
that they would keep their mouths, and that he would have told
them at the investigation at Washington all about the shooting,
but that he was afraid. I had no further talk with Conyers, be-
cause I saw that I was being suspected by the negroes around
Monroe, Ga.
Witnesses :
H. J. Browne.
Geo. W. Madert.
"William (his x mark) Lawson."
424 Captain Bill McDonald
District of Columbia, ss. :
Subscribed and sworn to before me, a notary public in and for
the District aforesaid, this 16th day of October, a.d. 1908.
[seal] Geo. W. Madert,
Notary Public.
This day personally appeared before me Herbert J. Browne,
of Washington, D. C, who, being duly sworn, deposes and says:
" I was employed by the War Department in May, 1908, in
company with Captain William G. Baldwin, of Roanoke, Va.,
chief of the Baldwin Detective Agency, to investigate the conduct
of the battalion of the Twenty-fifth Infantry, stationed at
Brownsville, Tex., which conduct resulted in the Brownsville raid,
so called, on the night of August 13-14, 1906, wherein one Frank
Natus was killed. Lieutenant of Police Dominguez badly wounded,
and the houses of several citizens were shot into. Captain Bald-
win has charge of the secret work for the Norfolk and Western
Railway, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, the Southern Rail-
wa3% and the Atlantic Coast Line, and is one of the best known
and most responsible detectives in the country.
"In conjunction with him I have been continuously employed
upon this work since its inception in May.
" The facts set forth in my report addressed to General George
B. Davis, Judge-Advocate-General, War Department, under date
of December 5, 1908, are true to the best of my knowledge and
belief.
" In particular I visited Monroe, Ga., to corroborate the in-
vestigation at that point of William Lawson, a colored detective
in the employ of Captain Baldwin, whose affidavit and reports
are annexed to and made a part of my report of December 5,
1908, above referred to.
" I had several interviews at Monroe with Boyd Conyers, ex-
private of Company B, Twenty-fifth Infantry, one of the guard
on the night of ^the Brownsville raid, and found that William
Lawson's statements regarding Conyers were substantially and
essentially correct. I personally obtained from Conyers further
information detailing how the cartridges used in the raid were
surreptitiously and illegally obtained and distributed, how the
principal raiders proceeded, when and by whom the gun racks
in Company B were unlawfully and secretly opened for the pur-
pose of the raid, how the raiders were protected during and subse-
quent to the raid and given opportunity to clean their guns, and.
Appendix D 425
in particular, was furnished by Conyers with the names of eight
participants in the raid other than the three named by him in
his statements to William Lawson, a total of eleven, including
himself, the said Conyers, all members of Company B, Twenty-
fifth Infantiy.
" The leaders of the raid, as named by Boyd Conyers, were
John Holloman, John Brown, Carolina de Saussure, and himself.
Following them were William Anderson, James Bailey, Charles
E. Cooper, William Lemons, Henry Jimerson, James *Rastus'
Johnson, and Henry ' Sonny ' Jones. Sergeant Reid, in charge
of the guard, was accused by Conyers of knowledge before and
after the raid. Sergeant George Jackson, in charge of the keys
of the gun racks of Company B, was accused of opening the
racks for the raiders, and of again opening them subsequent to
the raid in order that the guns might be removed and cleaned.
" I found Boyd Conyers in a disturbed frame of mind. No
claim is made that his original declarations to William Lawson
were other than those of a criminal boasting to one of his own
race of his crime and of his success in escaping discovery. His
subsequent declarations to me were given partly during moments
of contrition and in a desire to unload his conscience by a con-
fession and partly as the result of careful and persistent ques-
tioning.
" I found the effect of the letter from Senator Foraker to
Conyers extremely obstructive. He seemed to regard it as a
mandate to adhere to the false story told by him before the
Senate Committee on Militaiy Affairs, and as absolving him
from any and all obligations to aid in uncovering the truth.
Similar influences were encountered at many points, adding largely
to the difficulty of obtaining admissions of even the most ob^ious
facts relative to the raid.
" Heribert J. Browne."
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 9th day of December,
1908.
[seal.] J. B. Randolph, Notary Public.
APPENDIX E
REPORT OF T. B. SKIDMORE,
Presiding Judge of Election, Precinct No. 1, Rio
Grande City, November, 1906
Rio Grande City, Texas, 11/12/06.
Hon. J no. B. Kulen, Adj. -Gen.,
City.
Sir:
As the presiding judge for this Precinct, No. (1) one of
Starr County, Texas, at the late general election held in this
city on the 6th day of November, 1906, in the upstairs room at
the court-house, used by the district judge as the court-room,
permit me to make the following report of the proceedings had
that day:
Ha-sdng had no call nor communication from the Republicans
of this place for representation among the (4) four clerks of the
election subject to appointment by the presiding officer, they
had already been named, taking care that one man who had
theretofore voted the Republican ticket was chosen and also one
man whom I knew to favor Mr. Gregorio Duffy, the ruling spirit
locally of the opposition to the Democrats.
Also, ha^dng heard ugly rumors of threats accredited to the
Republicans, I had notified eighteen (LS) law abiding citizens to
be present at the polls as early as half-past seven a.m. on the
6th of November, 1906, then and there to take the oath of office
and act as the peace officers during the election. Of these only
12, I think, appeared and were sworn in.
As soon as the election judges assembled they and those of the
peace officers present and the supervisors were sworn in.
At this point the presiding officer stepped to the front door
and noting that a body of armed men on horseback and afoot
had assembled on the outside at the 100-foot limit from the
polling place, asked who had dared come to the polls thus armed
and was told they were the Republican voters.
Appendix E 427
Immediately Mr. F. W. Seabury called me to the foot of the
first flight of steps and introduced me to a Mr. Creager, who,
after replying that the armed men outside were Jose Pina's
peace officers, demanded representation among the clerks of
election. I told him that all parties had representation, but when
he insisted on some of the names he suggested, it being agreed
to by the person, I put Domingo L. Garza in the place of the
Duffy representative I had called to act as clerk.
From the names Mr. Creager suggested as inside officer, I also
chose Mr. Jose Pina, believing that by having him under my
direction, the agreement between Mr. Seabury and the presiding
judge on the one hand and Mr. Creager on the other, that the
voters should come up stairs in pairs — one Democrat and one
Republican together — could best be maintained, for the reason
that the said Jose Pina had been the agency who, through his
magisterial capacity incident to him as county commissioner for
this Precinct, had appointed the (40) forty peace officers that
Mr. Creager said the Republicans had at hand to preserve the
peace and insure a fair and quiet election.
Thereupon Mr. Garza and Mr. Pina and the balance of the
peace officers called by the presiding judge were sworn in, and
word reaching me that threats of breaking in the front door
beloAV were being made by the Republican crowd outside, the
janitor was ordered to open it ; the polls were declared open and
the timepiece set at eight o'clock a.m.
During the coui-se of the first half hour — possibly it was that
long — the agreement of pairing the voters coming up. to the vote
was observed. Then, noting that for some minutes nearly all
the voters had been Republicans, inside peace officer, Jose Pina,
was directed to see why there were no Democrats coming in.
On his return he told me it would be all right and that there
were no Democrats at the door just then, but another of my
deputies from below in response to my call came up and told
me the Republicans had taken possession of the staircase and
lower door and would only let such Democrats in as forced their
way by them at peril of their lives.
At the end of about (2) two hours the disorder became so great
that repeated demand had to be made on Mr. Jose Pina and the
other inside officers to regulate the people outside the rail. On
seeing that even Mr. Pina could not control his Republican
friends I had to threaten the crowd with closing the polls if they
did not preserve order, and remain in line instead of filling the
428 Captain Bill McDonald
area outside the railing to such an extent as to threaten to tear
it loose from the floor.
Immediately after the fourth threat of this kind, I was in-
formed and could see from the faces of the crowd that only
trouble would ensue if I tried that method to handle them, so
I let them have their own way and thereafter they did break the
railing supports loose from the floor. Thereafter, I repeatedly
called on Mr. Juan Hinajosa, the Rupublican challenger, to en-
force order and refused to receive any more votes until his people
should get into line.
On entering the polling place, my only object was to see that
a fair election should take place, and I do not think that I
neglected any precaution to have it so. I repeatedly sent word
to my peace officers below, after about half-past ten a.m., to
clear the stairs and lower corridor of all who had already voted,
but none of them could be found generally, and when one was
found he would send back word that he could do nothing with
the crowd and that Democratic voters were being turned away
from the lower door and only Republican voters were being
allowed to enter.
I have since been told by the peace officers of the election,
that fear for their lives led them to desist from trying to enforce
the entry of Democrats into the line going to the polls.
I have also since learned that Democratic voters who were
business men of the town, left their places of business as many
as three and four times and went to the polls to vote, but were
denied entrance by Mr. Pina's armed deputies and other Re-
publicans and their sympathizers. And also that four desperate
characters with Winchesters in their hands were picketed in front
of the lower entrance to the court-house, and that when asked
if they were voters Mr. Gregorio Duffy replied, " No, they are
only some posts driven in the ground there for a rear-guard to
keep out the Democrats."
Also on examination of the certified list of poll-tax payers of
this precinct after the election, I find that 126 of them did not
vote, and nearly all were Democrats. Why, I have not had time
yet to inquire, but you will note that this failure to vote bears
out the statements of the peace officers appointed by the presid-
ing judge.
During the course of the election 160 out of the 367 voters
who deposited their ballots were sworn, and I believe that if the
legal voters only of those 160 had been permitted to vote and
Appendix E 429
the Democrats of the 126 poll-tax payers who did not p:et to vote
had been permitted to do so that the majority would have stood
about 40 in favor of the Democrats instead of 103 against them,
as it did result.
Permit me to explain in closinj? that I had reasons to believe
before the election that the Republicans intended to appear in
force and with arms at the election, but, under the ad\4ce of
Judge Welch, T had made no arrangements up to the evening
before the election for peace officers of my appointing, but that,
Avhen I told him about five o'clock p.m. on November 5th that
30 or 40 strangers from Mexico were in town, Judge Welch
told me to appoint whatever number I thought proper to
guarantee a peaceable election, but especially admonished me not
to have so many as to give the semblance of an armed force at
the polls.
Such being my course beforehand, I felt myself morally re-
sponsible for the lives of the men I had appointed as peace
officers, and therefore never sent them any command during the
day to use force in handling the crowd, and that they were all
men of good enough sense to see the futility of such a course is
shown by the fact that they did not in any instance act
arbitrarily.
In conclusion let me add that I had no interest to serve and
none at stake in this election, and that my only interest now in
submitting this report is to help, as best I may, in maintaining
the majesty of American law and the purity of the ballot box,
and the sanctity of the elective franchise thereunder to the utmost
confines of this American Union.
I am, Sir, yours sincerely,
T. B. Skidmore,
Late Pres. Judge of Election in Precinct No. 1 of Starr Co.,
Tex., on Nov. 6, 1906.
Dufify has since been murdered.
APPENDIX F
PORTION OF A MESSAGE FROM GOVERNOR T. M.
CAMPBELL, REFERRING TO RECENTLY
ENACTED LAWS AND THEIR
ENFORCEMENT
Austin, January 14, 1909.
To the Senate and House of Bepresentatives :
As members of the Thirty-first Legislature, you have each
voluntarily undertaken an important task. Your duties are
important and your responsibilities are serious. You have as-
sembled under favorable conditions. The State Treasury is on
a cash basis. The State is generally prosperous, and the people
are contented and happy. The law is supreme in Texas, and
all the laws are now very generally enforced and obeyed.
There is no substantial reason to doubt that the welfare of
the State and the happiness of the people will be promoted by
the intelligence of your work, and by your fidelity to the people
with whom you made a covenant at the ballot box. You need
make no serious mistakes, as the will of the people has been
ascertained upon all important matters which demand the atten-
tion of the Legislature at this time.
Organized avarice, though in attempted disguise, can hardly
be expected to oyerride the popular will. Selfish interests and
those seeking special advantages and exclusive privileges will
have their ready advocates on every hand, and wholesome legisla-
tion heretofore enacted for the protection of the people will
doubtless be assailed. A word of caution is therefore offered to
the end that the chosen representative of a confiding constituency
may be on his guard. It is not unlikely that designing forces
have organized and will be maintained at the Capitol which will
test the wisdom, integrity and patriotism of this Legislature.
The laws enacted and the reforms Avrought under the present
administration in behalf of the great masses of the people of
Texas have been under fire for nearly two years, and have
i
Appendix F 431
repeatedly received the emphatic endorsement of the Democratic
voters of our State, and have been approved and re-affirmed by
the organized Democracy in convention assembled. The platform
of the opposition party demanded the repeal or modification of
many of these important laws, and that party, its candidates and
its platform were repudiated and defeated by about 150,000
majority. Desperate efforts have been employed by sinister agencies
to discredit these laws, and to defeat the operation of these reforms,
but the people have willed otherwise, and the laws have come to
stay. Such changes as may be sought by the friends of the laws to
strengthen them, and which may be dictated by experience, may,
with propriety, be made, but these laws were demanded by the
people; they were enacted by their trusted representatives, and
in spirit and substance they should stand.
They are just and right and ought to stand. The result of
the recent political contests involving these laws and reforms
strikingly demonstrate that the agencies of corrupt and sinister
special interests can not dominate and control in Texas. The
patriotism of our people and the freedom of speech which obtains
in Texas make it certain that her incorruptible electorate can be
safely trusted to uphold the public official who keeps the faith
and redeems his pledges made to them. Those who have con-
tended that modifications and exceptions in their interest should
be made in the laws enacted by the last Legislature might have
placed their propositions upon the Democratic primary election
ticket, and thus tested them at the ballot box, or they could
have uncovered their schemes in the last Democratic convention,
and these plans were suggested time and again as open to them.
This course was open under the law, but they chose rather to
undertake the defeat of candidates who stood for these laws. In
this they signally failed in every instance. The State Democratic
Convention, following the lead of nearly all the county conven-
tions, endorsed the laws as they stood, and placed the party
candidates upon a platform committed to their perpetuation.
The enemies of the legislation and reforms enacted by the last
Legislature chose to submit their demands for repeal, changes
and modifications thereof in the Republican State platform,
which of course binds all representatives of that party faith.
Democrats are bound by party action, by the verdict rendered
at the polls, and by the platfonn made by its convention.
The Democratic platform declaration with respect to the laws
enacted during this administration is as follows :
432 Captain Bill McDonald
" We heartily endorse * * * the acts of the Thirtieth Legis-
lature enacted in obedience to platform demands, and we rejoice
at the emphatic endorsement given said laws and administration
by the Democratic voters of Texas in the recent primary
election."
The measures of commanding importance enacted during the
present administration are in the interest of justice, equality,
good government and decency. They have resulted in no harm
or injustice to any man or to any legitimate business enterprise
within this State. The truth of this statement has already been
demonstrated, and any effort to emasculate, destroy or weaken
them would be a fraud upon the people and a betrayal of the
Democratic party. These laws became effective in the midst of
a great national panic, and Texas has been and is in a better
financial and economic condition to-day than any State in the
Republic.
To effect needed reforms and to check evil tendencies, laws
were enacted by the last Legislature to the following effect:
1. The keeping of gambling houses and the exhibiting of
gambling devices was made a felony.
2. The practice of drinking intoxicating liquors on railroad
trains was prohibited.
3. A law passed requiring contests of local option elections to
be promptly instituted, and providing that otherwise the legality
of such elections should be conclusively presumed.
4. Authority was granted district judges, on proper showing,
to prevent by injunction the sale of intoxicating liquors in pro-
hibition communities.
5. A tax of $5,000 was le\ded on express companies shipping
intoxicating liquors into prohibition districts, the effect of which
was to take the express companies out of the liquor and saloon
business.
6. An effective bucket shop law which prohibits gambling in
cotton and other futures, thereby guarding against depression
in the prices of the farmers' crops, as a result of unnatural
speculative or gambling transactions.
7. To encourage and promote agricultural development, a
separate Department of Agriculture was created, and has been
organized, and is at this time actively promoting, with the facili-
ties at hand, our agricultural interests.
Appendix F 433
8. The occupation tax on useful occupations was repealed.
9. A law prohibiting? the free-pass evil was enacted.
10. A law ajrainst nepotism was passed.
11. Charter fees of corporations were increased in a just and
fair amount.
12. The depositoiy law enacted keeps in ciiculation State
funds and the rates of interest secured yields a return largely in
excess of the entire expenses of the State Treasurer's office, and
provides a handsome yield in interest on county funds heretofore
deposited in banks without interest.
13. Laws increasing franchise taxes, and gross-receipts taxes,
and securing the listing, rendition and assessment of the railways*
intangible values for taxation, were enacted, and their operation
has resulted in shifting a large portion of the burden theretofore
unjustly borne by the individual property taxpayers to those
who had been evading and escaping taxation.
14. A mine inspection law for the protection of laborers
engaged in mining business, a law against black-listing, and a
law lightening the labors of trainmen, enginemen, and telegraph
operators and to protect the public, and other just laws, were
passed for the benefit and protection of workingmen.
15. The law known as the '" Robertson Insurance Law " having
for its object the better protection of the policy-holders in Texas,
and to promote investments in our State, was passed. The
practical operation of this law is to require the investment of
seventy-five per cent, of the Texas reserve of life insurance com-
panies doing business in Texas, in Texas securities, and to require
the deposit of such securities in the State Treasury, or other
depository designated by the law. It is also provided that the
deposit and investment features may be waived by the Com-
missioner of Insurance upon substantial showing under the terms
and conditions of the law.
16. The " Full Rendition Law," as it is called, and the " Auto-
matic Tax Law," having for their respective objects the rendition
and assessment of all taxable property at its full value, greater
uniformity and the adjustment of the tax rates and tax burdens
in keeping with the absolute requirements of the government.
17. A uniform text-book law, providing for the adoption of a
uniform system of text-books for all the public free schools of
the State was passed.
18. A law prohibiting insolvent corporations from doing busi-
ness in Texas was enacted.
434 Captain Bill McDonald
19. A law prohibiting lobbying, and many otber useful laws,
were passed in the interest of the people.
In the administration of the State government during the past
two years, an earnest effort has been made by the Executive and
all other departments of the public service, to give the people a
clean, ejfficient, and economical government.
That the full measure of our success may be ascertained, and
the people more fully informed, the most careful and rigid in-
vestigation into the administration of every department of
government and into the management of each State institution
is invited and suggested. That the laws should be properly en-
forced upon all alike, no law-abiding man will deny. The Con-
stitution provides that "the Governor shall cause the laws to be
faithfully executed," and every means and power that could be
appropriately exercised has been brought into requisition to meet
this mandate of the Constitution. No one should be strong
enough to escape the power of the law, and none too weak to
receive its protection.
The mandate of the Constitution is clear and the duty of the
Governor, with respect to enforcing the law, is plain, but the
Governors powers are not adequate, and adequate statutory
powers as contemplated by the Constitution should be promptly
provided by legislation suited to present conditions as well as for
future contingencies.
Obedience to all criminal laws should be a condition in liquor
dealers' bonds, and jurisdiction for suits for breach thereof
should be given to the district courts of Travis County.
The transactions of the Treasury Department are set out in
detail in the State Treasurers annual report for the fiscal year
ending August 31, 1908. The report, together with the tables
accompanying the same, contain much useful information, and it
is suggested that an examination of the same will be useful and
profitable to the legislators.
At the beginning of this administration, the Comptroller esti-
mated the deficit for the fiscal year ending August 31, 1907, to
be approximately $300,000, and possibly more. However, as a
result of careful and, we believe, efficient administration, aided
by more effective revenue legislation, the deficit was avoided, and
the State has been able to meet all of its current obligations for
the past two years, and at all times to maintain an adequate work-
ing surplus in the State Treasury. Instead of a deficit, as pre-
Appendix F 435
dieted, on Au^st 31, 1907, the State had met all of its oblig^a-
tions, and had a cash balance of $692,612.81 to the credit of the
general revenue, and at the close of the fiscal year, August 31,
1908, after paying all claims when presented, the State had to
the credit of the general revenue fund a balance of $888,985.61.
This very satisfactory financial condition was secured and has
been maintained under the operation of the present tax system
without additional tax burdens upon the individual property-tax
leavers. Interests theretofore escaping and property theretofore
unrendered have been required, imder the new laws, to contribute
more to the support of the government, thereby lessening the
burden upon those who were under the old laws bearing more
than their just share.
To illustrate: Under the operation of the intangible tax law,
$173,698,318 of intangible values of railways and bridge and
feriy companies were listed for State and county taxes for the
year 1908. The physical values of the railways increased under
the new rendition law from $100,166,782, in 1906, to $157,822,790,
in 1908. The intangible tax law, and the full rendition law has
added to the tax rolls more than $250,000,000 of railway and
other corporate values theretofore escaping taxation. The credits
af money of banks and bankers and of others than banks and
bankers are not now being properly listed for taxation; still
there has been a great improvement, as the tax rolls show that
they were increased from $42,112,424, in 1906, to $80,717,825, in
1908; an increase of more than 91 per cent. These are prominent
illustrations of property values heretofore escaping, which, under
the new laws, have contributed to the reduction of the ad valorem
tax rate of 20 cents on the one hundred dollars in 1906, to
the low rate of 6l^ cents on the one hundred dollars in 1908.
The average tax rate in the counties throughout the State for
1906 was 55 cents on the one hundred dollars. This average
rate of 55 cents was reduced in 1908 to an average rate of 40
cents on the one hundred dollai-s for county purposes by the
operation of the new laws. The individual citizens who have been
pa>4ng taxes upon their homes and farms at a fair valuation ^viIl
pay less taxes in 1908 in proportion to value than they have paid
for the support of the State govennnent in any year since 1860,
and as the receipts from other sources to the credit of general
revenue increases, the ad valorem tax rate for State purposes
will be reduced in proportion.
Under the operation of the tax laws of the last Legislature,
436 Captain Bill McDonald
the property values on the tax rolls increased from $1,221,-
159,869, in 1906, to $2,174,122,480, in 1908. The amount of taxes
paid in 1906 on the tax rate of 20 cents on the one hundred
dollars, amounted to $2,435,412.92, and in 1908, with the tax rate
of 6^/4 cents, the total tax amounts to $1,358,826.55; an increase
in assessed values of $952,935,411, and a reduction of $1,076,-
586.37 in the total amount of ad valorem State taxes levied for
1908 as compared with 1906, and a much more equitable distribu-
tion of the taxes has been secured.
The valuation of property assessed for taxes, the rates and the
amounts of State ad valorem taxes for the years 1906, 1907, and
1906— Valuation, $1,221,259,869; rate, 20 cents; amount of
taxes, $2,435,412.92.
1907— Valuation, $1,635,297,115; rate, 12^/2 cents; amount of
taxes, $2,040,625.58.
1908— Valuation, $2,174,122,480; rate, 6^4 cents; amount of
taxes, $1,358,826.55.
Receipts to the credit of the State's general revenue for the
year 1906, 1907, and 1908, from special corporation taxes and
from all other sources, not including the ad valorem taxes on
tangible and intangible values, is shown below; $375,418.94
received from the United States government in 1906 not included :
1906— Amount of receipts $1,826,682.26
1907— Amount of receipts 2,024,434.80
1908— Amount of receipts 2,416,218.46
. The county tax rolls for 1906, 1907, and 1908 disclose the
gross inequalities obtaining throughout the State prior to the
recent tax legislation, and they further show that an earnest
effort was made in the large majority of the counties to comply
with the laws respecting rendition, assessment and equalization.
In a few counties, however, the law was ignored, and the conduct
of the tax officials of such counties was little short of unconscion-
able. These counties received the full benefits of the reductions
in the State ad valorem tax rate from 20 cents to 6^/4 cents, and
the State school ad valorem rate from 20 cents to 16^ cents,
and received the full benefit of the increase in the apportionment
of the available school iund, but by the dereliction and disregard
Appendix F 437
of duty on the part of their trusted tax ofTicials they contributed
practically nothinj? to the increase of values resultinp: in such
general good. This is so manifestly unfair and unjust that an
effective remedy should be speedily provided by law. It is in-
conceivable that the oath of office prescribed by the Constitution,
to say nothing of the oath prescribed by the new statute, and
to which all tax officials must solemnly subscribe, should be so
lightly considered by some men who have been honored with
official station. Each county and each citizen and corporation
of the State should contribute a just share and no more of the
taxes necessary to support the State government and to main-
tain the public free school system, and no county, citizen or
corporation through the dereliction of tax officials should be
permitted to share in the benefits of reduced rates, and the in-
crease of school funds when they fail to do their part. They
should not be allowed by official dereliction to shift their just
share of the taxes to the taxpayers of other counties and com-
munities. It is just to say that the people of some of the counties
where the law was disregarded repudiated the derelict tax officials
upon their first opportunity.
Article 5124e, of Chapter XI, of the Acts of the First Called
Session of the Thirtieth Legislature should be amended so that
suits for removal from office may be instituted and prosecuted
either in the county of such officer's residence, or in the district
courts of Travis County, at the option of the Attorney-General.
Laws should also be enacted providing that resignations or ex-
pirations of terms of office shall not abate action for removal
from office, and the law should further pro\'ide that county
officers who are removed from office for malfeasance or mis-
feasance or for any dereliction shall not thereafter hold office in
this State until their eligibility is established and restored by act
of the Legislature.
In this connection, I invite your attention to the respective
annual reports of the State Tax Commissioner and the State
Revenue Agent. The data and the difficulties encountered in the
laws enforcement, and the suggestions made by these faithful
officials, will, I believe, be of much value to the Legislature in
improving our system of taxation and in (enacting legislation to
secure equality and more uniformity in the distribution of its
burdens.
APPENDIX a
ADDRESS OF THE HON. W. D. WILLIAMS IN REFER-
ENCE TO THE FULL RENDITION LAWS
I am altogether sensible, gentlemen, of the honor which you
have done me by inviting me to discuss before you that act of
the Thirtieth Legislature of Texas commonly known as the Full
Rendition Statute. I am fully aware of the honor done me, as
I have said, and yet I am not averse to accepting the invitation.
I have heard so much said about this law; I have heard it so
x\ildly praised and so extravagantly denounced; I have heard
its promoters and all who were concerned in the enactment so
severely condemned on the one hand and so unreservedly lauded
on the other; I have read so many editorials in favor of full
rendition and so many more against it, that the fever of strife
has been set to circulating in my own blood, and I have come
at last really to desire to speak my own thoughts on this subject.
And especially is this true when I am afforded to-day the oppor-
tunity of addressing upon this issue the body of distinguished
citizens which is assembled here before me, and which represents
the opinions, the aspirations and the sentiments of the com-
mercial classes of my own State. For this too is true, gentlemen,
that however much I may in some particulars and on some occa-
sions dissent from the prevailing beliefs of what is called the
business world, I am now and always compelled to admit that
the leaders of commerce are not only keen of intellect, but that
they are full of courage, ready to give weighty reasons for the
faith that is in them, loyal and patriotic citizens, commanding
the respect and admiration of the world, true and sincere friends
and generous adversaries.
That statute, which is generally called the Full Rendition
statute, was enacted at the Regular Session of the Thirtieth Legis-
lature, and is published by official authority as Chapter XI on
page 459 of the General Laws of 1907. By provisions of this
act, assessors are required to list the property for taxation at its
reasonable cash market value or, if it has no market value, then
at its real and intrinsic value.
Appendix G 439
Practically this is what is meant by the words " full value
rendition," that the rendition shall be at the reasonable cash
value of the article or thing which is listed. But it is well settled
by repeated decisions of appellate courts that where the word
" value " is used in a statute and is not limited either by qualify-
ing words or by the context of the statute, it has the same
meaning as if it had been written " reasonable cash market
value," or " real and intrinsic value."
So that, as respects its actual intent, the Full Rendition
statute brings into operation no new principle and does nothing
more than to deprive our assessors of a common excuse, some-
times honestly made and sometimes not, of misunderstanding the
meaning of the word " value," as used in former statutes upon
the same subject. The act was not intended to and did not
introduce a new practice in the assessment of property for taxa-
tion, but on the contrary, was aimed at persuading or compelling
obedience to methods already established by law, but fallen into
partial or total disuse.
The Constitution of 1876, which is now in force, commands
that " all property in this State shall be taxed in proportion to
its value," and, as already explained, the word " value," as used
in this connection, means fair cash market value, or if the article
has no market value, then its real and intrinsic. The Constitution
fixes the same standard of compensation as does the Act of 1907,
and if the latter is correctly designated as a full rendition law
then is the Constitution itself also a full rendition Constitution.
Now, when we are inclined to complain of the trials and hard-
ships of the present, it is sometimes the part of \visdom for us
to recall for a moment the conditions and circumstances which
surrounded us in the past. For it is by such a comparison alone
that we may truly know whether our situation has indeed changed
for the worse, or whether our complaints are justified.
We have had an ad valorem general property tax in Texas
since the beginning of the Anglo-Saxon government within our
boundaiies. The Constitution of 1836 gave to the legislative
department of the Republic an absolutely free hand to sha]>e
laws for the raising of a public revenue at its sole will and
pleasure. " Congress," so it was wiitten, " shall have power to
levy and collect taxes and imposts, excise and tonnage duties."
Article 2, Section 1. This authoi-ity was sufficiently broad to
enable the Legislature of an independent sovereignty, such as
Texas then was, to determine what persons and what property
440 Captain Bill McDonald
should be burdened for the support of the government and what
persons and what property should be exempted. There was no
limitation upon the power, nor any restrictions to prevent what-
ever discriminations Congress should see fit to enact.
With this unlimited charter in its hands, the first Congress of
Texas met together in October, 1836, the founders of a new
nation, a truly representative bodj^, great in intellect, great in
character and courage, but greater than all in devotion and
loyalty to the eternal principles of right and justice, which are
now, always have been and always will be the principles of
Democracy also. And those ancient heroes in home-spun, being
thus the sovereign legislative body of an independent people,
legislating as well for the planter, with his broad and fertile
lands, tilled by his hundreds of slaves, as for the wandering
hunter and scout, Avhose Kentucky rifle and pouch of bullets and
horn of powder constituted his sole possessions, passed that act,
entitled " An Act to raise a public revenue by direct taxation,"
approved June 12, 1837. And, after this manner, there came into
being the first " full rendition " statute, which was also the first
statute for the direct taxation of property enacted under Anglo-
Saxon domination in Texas.
For, by this act. Congress required all property owners and
all agents and representatives of such owners, to make out and
deliver to the proper assessing officers inventories showing the
value of all their properties, and to swear that same were just,
true and faithful valuations and lists. If the assessor believed
any valuation offered to him was too low, it was made his duty,
summarfty and without notice or formality, to call to his assist-
ance two neighboring citizens, to be selected by himself, and the
three of them were required to persuade and encourage the
reluctant property owner into those straight and narrow paths
where duty leads and virtue is its own and only reward. From
the assessor and his chosen helpers there was no appeal. That
which they said was the full value was the full value, both in
law and in fact, and there was an immediate end of the con-
troversy. .
In these modem days of frock coats and silk stockings and
peace and comfort, we would incline to think that the Act of
1837, which put a " big stick " in the hands of the assessor, would
have been sufficiently strenuous to have satisfied even that most
strenuous of officers, our worthy President Theodore Roosevelt.
But there were mighty men in those old days, when Sam Houston
Appendix G 441
was at the head of the Lone Star Republic, and this problem
was as meat between their teeth. They enjoyed it to the utter-
most. They enjoyed it so much that they could not keep their
minds occupied with other things, and, in 1838, Congress amended
and strengthened the original " full rendition " bill so as to
require every property owner to swear a still harder swear, to wit,
that his list was a true and perfect inventory and account of his
property and its value. A true and perfect valuation ! Think of
it, 0 ye who strain at gnats in these meek and modern days!
A most vigorous oath, indeed, was that. Strong and bitter, like
the medicines they took in those good old times. And yet I
must own to it, gentlemen, that I have nowhere heard or read
that either the oaths or the medicines did them any harm.
I have recalled to your recollection those old days of the golden
age of Texas for one purpose only, which is that you may be
reminded how, in the words of Solomon, " there is nothing new
under the sun." There is nothing new, not even our troubles,
and I can imagine that, even in the time of the Republic, our
citizens desisted momentarily from the fighting of Mexicans and
the pursuit of hostile Indians to hold indignation meetings all
the way from Nacogdoches to Matagorda Bay, where fierce pro-
tests were drawn and adopted, condemning Houston and Lamar
and the members of the First Congress for their wickedness in
procuring the enactment of a " full rendition " statute with which
to oppress and impoverish the Lone Star people.
I, myself, am reminded in this connection of the solemn utter-
ances of some of the daily newspapers, most excellent oracles of
Democracy, warning us in editorial columns long that this is a
new country, where a continuous stream of bottoms is dropping
out of our real estate booms, and that it is a great big mistake
to assess our new and fragile values at anything approaching
their face. And in my mind's eye, I can see right now one of
those ancient and beloved heroes, recently companion to the im-
mortal Davy Crockett, the tails of his coonskin cap fluttering in
the wind, addressing an indignation meeting in the days of the
Fii-st Congress, arousing unlimited enthusiasm ^vith the very
same argument which is noiv so commonly used, founded upon
the newness, three-quarters of a century ago, of this country of
ours, which some of us profess to believe has not yet grown suf-
ficiently old to tell the truth for purposes of taxation.
The statutes of Texas have always been " full rendition "
statutes, and our Constitutions, except for that one which was
442 Captain Bill McDonald
adopted in 1836, have always been "full rendition" Constitu-
tions. And, in my judgment, there can be no honest attempt at
a fair adjustment of the burdens of a direct tax upon the
general property of this or any other coimtry which does not
make a decent effort at an equalization in proportion to the true
value of each article which is taxed. The true value of an article
is necessarily its fair, full value, nothing more and nothing less.
If we levy general property taxes, we are compelled to require
by law that all property subject to the levy shall be taxed in
proportion to its value, and such a rule is inevitably a law for a
" full rendition."
If a government were to command that its taxables should be
listed at one-fourth their full value, and that a tax of $1 on the
$100 should be levied on the values so listed, it would in substance
have enacted a law for the taxation of its property, at full value,
at 25 cents on each $100, and no amount of figuring can make out
of it anything less or anything more.
The proposition that property shall be taxed at one-fourth,
or at one-fifth, or at any other fractional part of its true and
full value is wholly inadequate to meet any of the objections
which are urged against the "full rendition" bill. If a tract
of land be assessed at $100 an acre at its full value, Januarj^ 1,
1908, and by reason of any change in conditions, the value has
diminished before the arrival of the taxpaying season, say
December 31, 1908, to $50 an acre, and, if it be assumed that it
would be an injustice under those circumstances to require the
owner to pay a tax in December which is based upon such a
valuation, still the slightest reflection will convince you that this
injustice has not been obviated by assessing the land at $25 an
acre and, at the same time, multiplying the tax rate by four.
In either case precisely the same amount of money is exacted
from the owner, and, in either case, the tax is in truth based
upon the full value January 1st, which we have assumed to be
$100 an acre, and no account is taken of any subsequent de-
preciation.
But, if it be urged that the owner will be better satisfied to
pay 25 cents an acre if his land be valued at $25 an acre than
he will be to pay the same 25 cents on the same acre up-^n a
valuation of $100, then I can only answer by saying thai the
Texans with whom I am acquainted are so well fixed with brains
that you can not fool them ^^dth a trick so transparent as this.
If a citizen pays a tax of $50 on a 200-acre farm, he knows that
Appendix G 443
he is out just $50 in good, common, hard cash, and all the
assessors and collectors in the State can not fool him into the
belief that he lias paid only $40 by showing him how low his
land was assessed and how high it was taxed. Having paid his
money, he will feel neither better nor worse because of the valua-
tion put upon his property, provided only that he has had a
square deal as compared with the other taxpayers.
This is the whole of the tax question, as I see it — to deal
justly wdth every man in the sight of God — to tax every person
as nearly as possible in proportion to his ability to pay. And
under any ad valorem system the measure of the ability of each
indi\4dual and the only approximately fair measure which the
ingenuity of man has ever been able to devise is found in the
reasonable, full value of the taxable property of every owner.
No revenue law is wholly bad which tends in this direction and,
on the other hand, every such law is good and valuable in direct
proportion as it is so drawn that it will aid in bringing about
this all-desirable equality in the imposition of public burdens.
Granting that taxes are apportioned with reasonable fairness,
there is but one way whereby an impartial reduction can be had
and the benefits of such reduction distributed proportionately
and honestly among the taxpayers, and this way is by cutting
down the expenses of the government. Every other effort is
either the pursuit of a ghost, leaving the pursuer empty handed
if he were to succeed in catching it, or it is an effort at tax
dodging. The average taxpayer is no shirk, and the very best
for which he can hope and the things for which he should always
be demanding are, first, an economical administration of public
affairs, and, second, the utmost fairness in the distribution of
public burdens.
The Constitution of Texas, as I have already shown, has al-
ways commanded an equality in taxation, to be attained by levy-
ing upon all property in proportion to its value. The laws of
Texas have been enacted in obedience to the constitutional man-
date, as full rendition laws, but have until the late session of
the Thirtieth Legislature failed in one respect, at least, for they
provided no adequate mean^ by which they might be enforced.
And under these laws, which on the face required a fair assess-
ment, but did not undertake to compel obedience to their provi-
sions, a practice of evasion was begun and spread all over the
State, until a condition prevailed which was anarchy, pure and
simple. County strove against county and neighbor against
444 Captain Bill McDonald
neighbor, each one trying unjustly to shift some portion of his
rightful burden to the shoulders of another. It was a reign of
lawlessness, gentlemen, when, as some of you members have
demonstrated, the average assessment in one county was only
24 per cent, of the value of the property assessed, while the
average in another county was as much as 75 per cent. And
the remaining counties of the State ranged themselves anywhere
you please between these two extremes.
Equality in taxation was a thing dead and forgotten, and
honorable people were being taught to look with contempt upon
the affidavits which were required to be made before the assessors.
A strong and manly people who throughout their history had
held the vice of lying in peculiar detestation, were made accus-
tomed to falsehoods, uttered for profit, under the supposed sanc-
tion of an oath. A condition prevailed which would in time have
compelled the moral deterioration of all citizens.
Now, it is certain that it is one of the most important of the
functions of government that it shall secure justice and fair
dealing as between all those who are subject to its jurisdiction.
But more than this, and more than all else, it is the duty of
those who are in control of public affairs that they shall permit
no condition to continue which threatens to undermine the moral
character of its people. For I venture the opinion that civiliza-
tion is not builded of capital and labor alone, but that its chief
component parts are the love of virtue and the sense of honor
and the devotion to truth and integrity which are in the hearts
of all persons, and if these good attributes are no longer actuated
by these high ideals, then I predict that mankind will have be-
come from that moment forward incapable of maintaining social
order.
The practice of undervaluing property for purposes of taxation,
which had become common and almost universal in Texas, was
destructive of all possibility of justice as between the respective
owners, and had in addition thereto a distinct tendency to debase
the morals of an uncontaminated and virtuous people. The
movement for what I will venture to call purer and better laws
did not begin in the Thirtieth Tjegislature, but years and years
ago, and the so-called Full Rendition act of 1907 is merely a mile-
stone in the forward march of a progress which has continued
throughout the ages, and which will never end.
The statute for the taxation of banks and banking capital is
a " full rendition " statute, designed to enable and to require
Appendix G 445
assessors to list at full value the stocks or property of slich
institutions and all funds employed in that particular business.
The act for the taxation of the intangible assets of railroads,
an act which I had the pleasure of assisting to pass in the
Twenty-ninth Legislature, is another " full rendition " law, under
the operations of which nearly $174,000,000 of additional rail-
road values is exposed to view and listed and taxed. These and
other statutes of the same kind, which I have not the time to
mention, are just and fair, if all other property is also assessed
approximately at its value, but they become discriminatory and
oppressive as soon as undervaluations of other taxables are
purposely allowed.
I am fully aware that there are certain vices which appear
to be necessarily inherent in any system that can be devised for
the direct taxation of both real and personal property. And
while I am not inclined to believe that these vices render this
character of tax more difEcult of fair apportionment than is any
other, yet I would not for a moment attempt to render blind
either myself or you to those imperfections and weaknesses of
human nature which make it apparently impossible entirely to
effect the purpose of any law, no matter how just or wise it may
be. But I would remind you that we can not give ground in
the face of this argument without abandoning all effort at an
orderly rule of society and plunging headlong into the deadly
chaos of anarchy. If our inability, entirely and in all cases, to
enforce a full rendition law is just cause for the abandonment of
the full rendition principle, then, in the same way and for the
same reason, we shall be driven from any other plan that we
may adopt. Indeed, if we once admit the force of this objection,
we must abandon all law, for in no case are we able satisfactorily
to enforce any statute which is upon our books.
Remember, gentlemen, I make no pretense that perfection has
been attained in the act of the Thirtieth Legislature, or that the
act is incapable of improvement. What I am contending is that
it is a step forward, and that this body, standing as it does for
the ideal aspirations of the business men of Texas, must
take no step backward. To repeal this statute, setting up nothing
better in its place, retreating to a condition of which you, as
thoughtful and patriotic citizens, must have been sick at heart,
may bring us to have " fewer laws," but I am not able to
persuade myself that those laws which are left will thereby have
become any the better.
446 Captain Bill McDonald
In my judgment, ex parte affidavits, which have the effect of
making the truth cost money and of rewarding falsehood as if
it were a virtue and not a \dce, ought not to be exacted in any
but the rarest of cases, and only where no other source of in-
formation can reasonably be found. And, for this reason, I
have long preferred that the visible property of the State should
be valued and assessed by the assessor rather than by the owner.
But I am greatly in the minority in my opinion of this subject,
and because that opinion is of absolutely no consequence, I
refrain from enlarging upon it.
Proceeding, then, along the only road which is open for travel,
and assuming that each owner shall continue to fix the prima
facie value of his own assets, it can not be successfully denied
that the interests of society demand that such valuation shall
be made under oath, and that the value stated in every affidavit
shall be the true, full value and not an arbitrary, assumed and
fictitious proportion of the same.
The " full rendition " law, considered in connection with other
statutes in force upon the same subject, provides an admirable
system of local equalization, and tends in a very considerable
degree toward equalization throughout the limits of Texas.
But this is a State of vast areas and of prodigious distances,
and in any such widely extended territory it seems to me that
the physical conditions alone are sufficient to demand the en-
actment into law of some method of apportionment which will
not depend entirely upon local views and local sentiments. It
must be kept in mind that, while the Attorney-General may sue
to remove from office any assessor or member of a board of
equalization whom he believes to be guilty of intentionally accept-
ing undervaluations, yet, convictions for such offenses are always
difficult to secure and the prosecution of the vast majority of
such cases would be no better than a farce. The State govern-
ment is practically without power to compel reasonable assess-
ments in any county or section where the citizens are largely
opposed to full rendition. The administration has no legal
authority which it can effectually use, but must confine itself to
moral suasion alone, and in controversies where interested parties
are arrayed upon opposite sides, we, as a people, have never
regarded moral suasion and merely moral responsibilities as a
sufficiently effective force to be worthy of serious mention. We
will not permit a judge to hear a case in court, or a juror to
sit on a jury where either the plaintiff or the defendant is related
Appendix G 447
to him within the third de.sjee, either by blood or marriage.
Arbilrators must be without interest and not related to the
parties, and, in general, wherever an act is authorized which
may affect the rights of others, the law is vigilant in requiring
that the officer or pei-son acting shall be disinterested and im-
partial. Everj'one will agree that these precautions against in-
justice are right and necessary, and yet I can conceive of no
good reason why interested parties or their relatives may not be
permitted to adjudge any other disputed claims quite as well,
and with just as large a probability that justice will be done as
when they were asked to determine what amount of State taxes
they will pay.
A compulsory equalization of some character seems to me the
next step to be taken in the forward march toward fairer taxa-
tion in Texas. We have come a long way from that original
plan of 1S37, by which an assessor and two neighbors arbitrarily
determined what a property owner should pay, but we are still
very far from home. Nor should this occasion surprise, for if
the law is to be worthy of respect, if it is to be in any way
effective as a force for the right, it must not be fixed and un-
changeable, but, on the contrary, must be capable of infinite
varietj"^ and infinite development, growing with the growth of
the people who are its creators and enforcers, eternal in seeking
justice, but flexible in adapting itself to the present.
In conclusion, gentlemen, permit me to call to your attention
veiy briefly a few of the effects of the new tax laws. For if we
are to return, as at least one candidate for high office is insisting,
to the old order of things, we are abandoning not merely the so-
called Full Rendition law, but all other of the recent enactments
upon the same subject. We are to abandon the intangible tax
law, the franchise tax law, the law taxing the gross receipts of
certain corporations, and all other of the statutes of the Twenty-
ninth and Thirtieth Legislatures by which a fairer adjustment of
the burdens of government was sought to be secured. And if
we abandon these laws we must abandon their undeniable benefits
as well as their doubtful disadvantages, and pay taxes as we paid
them in the good old times.
Now, in 1906, when these laws were either tied up in court
or not yet in force, the property owners of Texas were called
upon to pay a total ad valorem tax for the expense of the State
government of $2,443,637, but in 1907 the ad valorem tax for
State expenses was reduced to $2,044,566. The operation of the
448 Captain Bill McDonald
new tax laws reduced the burdens put upon property owners by
$400,000, and of the amount which property was still required
to pay, something near $214,000 was levied upon railroad in-
tangibles. The saving upon the general property, aside from
railroad and corporation taxes, was $614,000 for that single year,
for State expenses alone. In the same way, the saving for the
year 11)08 will not be less than $900,000 on State expenses, not
including the school fund.
It can not be successfully denied that the new tax laws have
tended largely toward an equitable distiibution of tax burdens
and that in doing this they have diminished the amount paid by
the average citizen. The intangible assets tax alone brought in
a revenue for 1907 of $1,470,000 to the State and its counties,
and cost for its administration the insignificant sum of $2,650,
a result which can not be surpassed in the history of governmental
finance.
These are the triumphs which we are asked to abandon by
returning to that system where "the assessors under the com-
missioners courts made the assessments as under fonner laws."
Now, gentlemen, I for one am not disposed to retreat. I am
intending to go forward, not backward. And in the course which
I am determined to pursue I am expecting to go arm in arm in
the company of the most of those who are here to-day as the
representatives of commercial Texas.