PURCHASED FOR THE
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY
FROM THE
CANADA COUNCIL SPECIAL GRANT
FOR
LATIK AMEB1GAE STUDIES
.
•
T1IE
CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA;
OB,
LIFE AMONG THE GIANTS.
PERSONAL NARRATIVE.
BY
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BOURNE.
ttjr illustrations.
BOSTO :$T
hATE....
PUBLISHED BY D. L
DOVER, N. H. : G. T. DAY & CO.
,
Entered according to Act of Consrress, in the year 18WJ. by
GOULD & LINCOLN,
In the Clerlrs Office of the District Court of the District ol Massachusetts.
P E E F A C E.
BOOK-MAKING is so much of a trade, that it may be
thought quite unnecessary to be at the trouble to assign
reasons for embarking in it ; but, as it is not my own
vocation, it will be allowed me to say, that the deep
interest which many, not only of my personal friends,
but others whom I never saw, have taken in my for-
tunes, and the desires expressed, both verbally and by
letter, to know more of my adventures than was com-
municated through the newspapers, overcame the reluct-
ance I felt to undertake such a task. The interest of
personal adventure, however, great as it might be in im-
mediate view of the events while they were fresh, would
not alone have been presumed upon as a sufficient attrac-
tion for this volume. But the strangeness of the country
XX PREFACE.
observed, and the deficiency of exact information con-
cerning its people, it was thought, would make welcome
any contribution, however slight, to the knowledge of
this section of our world and race. After the contra-
dictory statements of voyagers as to the "giants" of
South America, there may be some curiosity to hear
the testimony of one who has "seen the elephant"
under circumstances that enabled him to measure its
proboscis.
My story is a plain one, — a simple record of facts,
but not, I would hope, tedious. It offers no feats of
literary agility for the critic's inspection, but a recital
of human experiences and observations, sufficiently aside
from the beaten track of life to have attracted a degree
of attention which flatters me with the belief that they
will repay a nearer and more minute survey.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
For California — Pernambuco — Straits of Magellan — Trading with Paia
gonians — Their treachery — Four men made prisoners by them — Three
escape ; the author detained, with promises of release on paying ran-
som — Indian village — The chief and his household — Eating, sleep-
ing, and adventure in a Patagonian wigwam — Find myself booked for
an indefinite residence in Patagonia, and some natural reflections there
upon 25
CHAPTER II.
A proposal to go to Port Famine negatived — «« Holland " — Discovery of
vessels in the straits — Double disappointment — A crisis — Survey of
Patagonia — Scanty vegetation — Animals and birds — Climate — The
people — Their habits and character — Domestic relations — Weap-
ons — Government — Superstition — Cannibalism — Their reputation
abroad . . 47
XXII CONTENTS.
•
CHAPTER III
Hard jcurney — Encampment — Division of the tribe — My new guardian
— Story of the capture of a British vessel — Reunion — Gambling —
Culinary arts — Hunting — Symptoms of danger — Mutual deceptions
— Tough yarns — The fatal ring — An effective oration — Indecision of
the Indians 63
CHAPTER IV.
Corey Inlet — Another disappointment — A hunting frolic with an un-
pleasant termination — Moving of the camp — Aimless wanderings — •
Alarm — A marriage treaty and an unsuccessful suitor — Laws of mar-
riage — Qualifications of a husband — Feminine quarrels — A marriage
in high life — Dressing meat — Profaneness — Absence of religious
ideas — Mysterious ceremony — Reasons for abstaining from religious
instruction — The metals — State of the arts in Patagonia — Tailoring
Fashion 78
CHAPTER V.
Inclement weather — State of my wardrobe — Attempts to deprive me of
my clothes — Powwow and horse-killing — Hair-combing extraordinary
— Remedy for rheumatism — Sickness — Turn barber — A cold bath
— Fasting — Discovery of my watch, and its effect — I am made
showman — lion-hunt — Successful chase 100
CHAPTER VI.
The chief's oratory — A case of sickness novelly treated — The captive
commissioned as physician to the chief — Dr. Bourne's first and last
CONTENTS. XX1I1
patient — Murder — Cannibalism — Another assassination, showing the
perils of meiical practice among savages — Sports of the children —
Patagonian farriery — Slender success in the chase — A second struggle
for life 114
CHAPTER VII.
A uew torture — Bloody gossip — An explosion nearly fatal — Plea of in-
sanity — Reconciliation — River Santa Cruz — Naval architecture —
Original mode of ferrying — Accident — Ominous demonstrations there-
upon — Perilous superstition — Plans of escape — The chief fighting his
battles over again — Prospects brighten — A blind hint to naturalists . 128
CHAPTER VIII.
Retrograde march — A look-out ahead — New specimens of birds ob-
served — To the right again — Large inducements to visit Holland —
Apparent effect — Council — Other tribes of Indians — Story of a bat-
tle — Capture of wild horses — A royal speech worth hearing — Dep-
utation to Holland — A start and a sudden halt — Journey commenced
in earnest — Order of arrangements — First view of Holland — A
weary day and night — A boat — A short parley — Swimming for life
and liberty — A rescue — Farewell to Patagonia 144
CHAPTER IX.
A civilized meal — A happy evening — A survey of the island — Prepar-
ation of guano — Preparations against invasion by the giants — A pro-
posal to attack them— Loyalty and revenge — Killing time — Trouble
XXIV CONTENTS.
in the settlement — A disagreeable situation — Arrival of vessels -
Countrymen — A welcome by new friends 166
CHAPTER X.
A Christian ship-master — Cruise for whales, and for a California-bound
vessel — An outlandish craft — An American vessel — Passage secured
for California — Tempestuous passage through the Straits of Magellan
— W^like demonstrations, with an inglorious issue — Chilian penal
settlement — Pleasing reception — Extensive coal-mine — Sea-lions —
Mutiny of the convicts, and awful fate of the governor and chaplain. 189
CHAPTER XL
Port Famine — St. Nicholas' Bay, and its inscriptions — Politeness of the
Indians declined — Difficulty of navigating the straits — A post-bag in
a bottle — An English steamer, and its humane errand — Exertions of
the British government to rescue prisoners in Patagonia — American
schooner — Celebration of our safe passage through the straits — Juan
Fernandez — News from home — A chapter of accidents — A trip to
Lima — Almost an adventure — Arrival at San Francisco — Journey to
the mines — A happy meeting 204
CHAPTER XII.
A gigantic speculation, with a dwarfish result — Perils of waters — Sick-
ness and bereavement — Growth of Sacramento and San Francisco —
Voyage homeward — Imposition on shipboard — Panama — Havana —
Home — Concluding observations — Practicability of Christian missions
in Patagonia considered 223
THE
CAPTIYE IN PATAGONIA.
CHAPTER I.
For California — Pernambuco — Straits of Magellan — Trading with Pat*.
gonians — Their treachery • — Four men made prisoners by them — Three
escape ; the author detained, with promises of release on paying ran
som — Indian village — The chief and his household — Eating, sleep-
ing, and adventure in a Patagonian wigwam — Find myself booked for
an indefinite residence in Patagonia, and some natural reflections there-
upon.
AMONG the early subjects of the " gold fever " that be-
came epidemic in the autumn and winter of 1848—9, a com-
pany of twenty-five men left the port of New Bedford in
the schooner John Allyne, A. Brownell, master, and B. F.
Bourne, mate, for California. The vessel had been se-
lected for her good sailing qualities, light draught of
water, and general fitness for river navigation. In the
haste and excitement of the time, California-bound craft
carried out some rather motley companies ; but we consid-
ered ourselves fortunate in the character of the men asso-
ciated in this enterprise, and were organized on such prin-
ciples of equality as seemed to promise entire harmony and
.good fellowship. Of course we had high ani golden hopes,
a
26 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
and our great object was to reach the new OpL.r in tin
easiest and most expeditious manner. On account of the
delays and dangers incident to the doubling of Cape Horn
it was determined to attempt the passage of the Straits
of Magellan.
We left port on the 13th of February, and for many
days our time passed pleasantly, but rather monotonously,
with nothing greatly to exhilarate or to depress our spir-
its. It was discovered, at length, that our vessel needed
some running rigging. The more impatient were for going
on, and making such headway as we could without it ; but
a majority of the company decided to run for the nearest
convenient port, and replenish. We accordingly ran for
Pernambuco, and anchored in the outer harbor on the 25th
of March. The beauty and security of this harbor are
remarkable. It is defended from the sea by a nearly per-
pendicular reef, extending three-fourths of the way across
its entrance, with an opening of ample width for the
passage of vessels to a safe anchorage. Being but eight
degrees south of the equator, the town lies continually
under the burning rays of a tropical sun. Its appearance
is like that of most Spanish and Portuguese cities, abound-
ing in high and massive buildings, with more of the castle
than of the counting-house or dwelling in their outward
expression, built upon narrow, irregular streets, that are
constantly alive with men and beasts of divers colors and
forms. Men from the country, driving their mustangs,
mules and asses, laden with produce; wealthy and noble cit-
izens borne by servants in palanquins ; women bearing
water in buckets, tubs and urns, which they balance on
their heads without the aid of their hands, and walk off
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 27
under as erect as so many midshipmen ; — all the sights
and sounds have a pleasant strangeness, that made our
visits on shore highly agreeable. The churches, which are
quite numerous, have nothing admirable or attractive out-
side, but the richness of their interior decoration testifies
to the prevailing orthodoxy and fervor of devotion to the
Church of Rome. The church is, indeed, the grand recep-
tacle of the wealth of the country. Every bueno catclico
of them, rick or poor, will sooner stint himself and his fam-
ily in their daily comforts, or even necessaries of life, than
omit his due contribution to mother church.
Our stay at Pernambuco was short, which must excuse
a more particular description 'of its notabilities. Having
obtained the articles we needed, we stood out to sea.
Nothing occurred on our passage to the straits worthy of
particular record. We spoke one or two vessels, and
spent some time " gaming " with them, — the nautical
phrase for visiting. On the 30th of April we made Cape
Virgin, and stood in for the Straits of Magellan. In com-
pany with us, and bound for the same golden country, by
the same course as ourselves, were bark Hebe, of Balti-
more, and schooner J. B. Gager, of New ^York. We were
becalmed off the mouth of the straits for several hours,
and Captain Brownell visited the Hebe. He returned just
before night. A fair wind setting in from the eastward,
we all stood in, the J. B. Gager, as being best acquainted
with the navigation, taking the lead. The three vessels
anchored about midnight, within twelve miles of the first
narrows.
The next morning, it being calm, some of our men went
on shore in the small boat, for a gunning excuision.
28 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
returned early in the forenoon, with a large number of sea-
fowl: Not long after, Captain Brownell announced his
intention to go ashore, and commenced making prepara-
tions. He soon changed his mind, however, and asked me
to go, in his stead, to procure some fresh provisions, if they
were to be had. Knowing, from the reports of whalers
and others, something of the savage character of the
natives, I felt reluctant to venture ; but afterwards, to
oblige the captain, I complied.
Taking our guns, a bag of bread, and some tobacco, four
of us started for the shore. As we approached the beach,
a crowd of black-looking giants came to the water's edge to
gaze at us. We did not particularly fancy their looks, and
lay on our oars for a considerable length of time. A recol-
lection of the many ugly stones current about the Pat-
agonians, their barbarous and cruel character, did not
greatly fortify our confidence, or make us especially anx-
ious for a personal acquaintance with them. We accord-
ingly lay off in our boat, and, hailing them in Spanish,
asked them if they had eggs, fowls, and beef. They re-
plied, in broken Spanish, that they had plenty at their
houses. I told them to produce their stores, and they
should have plenty of bread in exchange. We parleyed
with them for some time, till our boat at length touched the
shore. I stood in the boat's stern, gun in hand, endeav-
oring to keep the natives from stealing, and warned the men
not to leave the boat. They jumped ashore, promising not
to stray from the spot. The Indians offered some skins
for sale, which I paid for in bread. While my attention
was diverted from them by this barter, the Indians were
cc axing my men away. I looked about, and found only
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 29
one man near me. He was despatched in pursuit of the
others, and directed to bring them without delay. The tide
at this point rises and falls forty-two feet. It was now
ebb tide, the boat was fast grounding, and, it being large
and heavily loaded, I was unable to get it off. The old
chief and several other Indians crowded into it, and once in
could not be got out. Persuasion was useless, and they were
too many to be driven. In short, I was in their hands, and
became immediately conscious of the difficulty and peril of
my situation ; — my men gone, I knew not where, the
boat fast aground and crowded with the savages, while
nearly a thousand of the tribe congregated upon the beach.
What was before me, at the worst, I could only conjecture
from report ; and nothing but evil was reported of the crea-
tures that surrounded me. What could I do ? A question
easier asked than answered.
After a long time, or what seemed such under circum-
stances that made minutes seem ages, one of my men came
down, and asked permission to go to the Indian village,
" a little way back from the shore," as they had been
promised meat, eggs, and fowls. I ordered him to come
immediately back to the boat. He persisted in urging
his request, but it was so dangerously absurd that I ab-
solutely refused. He then said he would inform his com-
rades of my refusal, and return immediately to the boat ;
but, for some cause, they seemed in no hurry to obey or-
ders. Weary of waiting for them, and not without appre-
hension, I asked an Indian for the use of his horse, and
rode with all speed after the fugitives. In the hurry of
pursuit I inadvertently passed them, and tried to turn
back my steed ; but his inclinations were decidedly against a
3*
30 THE CAPTIVE IN PVTAGONIA.
retreat. While our opposing impulses kept us stationary
for a moment, I descried my men approaching on horseback,
behind the Indians. When they came up I urged them
to return to the boat. They persisted in going with the
savages. I remonstrated with them on the impropriety
and danger of their course, but in vain. Their mouths
watered for the meat and eggs they were told of. Their
cunning guides had completely allayed suspicion, and even
laid to sleep their common prudence. The Indians kept
on their course, — the men followed, and I felt at my
wits' end. I rode from one to another, talking as indus-
triously and as urgently as I could. At last I gave them
peremptory orders to return. The Indians had plainly lied
to us. Their village, they said, was only a little way off;
and yet we were three-fourths of a mile from the boat, and
not a house was yet in sight. Determined to go back, if I
had to go alone, I turned my horse's head.
At this point the mask was thrown off. The Indians
seized my bridle, and arrested my progress. We all dis-
mounted, with a view to retreat on foot, but before I could
reach the man nearest to me the Indians had robbed him
of his gun. With a mutual agreement to stand by each
other in case of pursuit, we hastened our retrograde march,
but had made no great distance when we saw the Indians
coming after us. They rode in advance of us, halted in
our front, and manoeuvred to cut off our retreat ; but by
various zigzag movements, or boldly turning their horses'
heads, we made considerable progress. Our foes, however,
knew what they were at ; it was only a question of time
with them, A sudden and decided movement indicated a
crisis. I drew my pisttls (a pair of single-barrelled ones),
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 81
" hut before I had time to cock one I was jumped upon
from behind by some half-dozen of these monsters. One
of them grasping a pistol by the barrel, I pointed it to his
*head and pulled the trigger. It missed fire, and I thank
God that it did ! Its discharge would have certainly killed
him, and would as certainly have been revenged upon my
life, probably upon the lives of my comrades. This is easily
felt and said now; but at the moment, when excited by the
struggle for liberty, and, as I feared, for life, with such
dreaded enemies and at such formidable odds, it was quite
another matter.
The old chief now came up, took me firmly by the wrist,
and said, " Usted no bono ! usted habla varmano por me
casa, mucho, mala hombre currarhae ! mucho montaro hom-
bre ! " — by which specimen of choice Spanish he desired to
inform me that we promised to go to their houses, and now
would not go ; that we were bad men and liars. His pecu-
liarly thick and guttural pronunciation did not make tht
dialect more intelligible; but I was in a situation where
criticism would have been rather out of place, and my ears
were quickened by the revelations made to sight. I there-
fore promptly replied, that if he would restrain his men
from violence, we would go where he pleased. They, mean
while, grasped their knives, and looked as if they wanted to
use them on our persons ; but the chief told them, No, not
then ; he would get rum and tobacco for us first, and kill
us afterwards. Whilst I was thus engaged, my nearest
companion dis« overed his gun in the hands of an Indian
who stood not far from where 1 was struggling. Rushing
suddenly upon him, he succeeded in recovering his piece, —
moie by tact Mian force, for his antagonist, like all the
32 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
Patagonians, was very large and muscular. Then nimbly
jumping aside, he told me to look out for myself. That
was rather more than I felt able to do just at the moment.
One Indian seized me by my arms and legs, some of them
grasped my body, and others were busy investigating the
contents of my pockets, and appropriating the same to
their own use. And if he supposed himself able to show
as much independence as he recommended me to, he was
evidently mistaken. He had not elevated his gun to his
face when the Indians were upon him, and wrenched it
from his grasp. The old chief, all this time, held me
tightly by the wrist, menacing his followers with his half-
drawn cutlass, while I endeavored to bid for life and liber-
ty. I told him he should have plenty of rum, tobacco, bread,
flour, brass and beads, if he would carry us to the boat. At
length he beat off my plunderers, and seemed on the point
of yielding to my terms. He mounted his horse, and
ordered me to get up behind him. I obeyed with alacrity,
and fancied myself in a fair way to get out of trouble.
But, whatever may have been the chief's original inten-
tion, I had not gone far before his policy was diverted. One
of the most audacious of the troop rode up, and insisted that
I should not be allowed to return. I was the captain of
the ship, he affirmed, and if I were restored they would
get none of the promised rum and tobacco. The old sav-
age seemed struck by this new suggestion, and halted. We
then dismounted, and he led the horse up the hill, order-
ing me to follow. I was next directed to sit on the ground
and wait further action. There I sat, looking alternately,
with longing eyes, at the boat, and at our vessel riding at
anchor in pUin view. My three companions were soon
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.. 33
brought to the sp}t, anl dismounted. And now began a
more earnest negotiation. We offered large ransom, and
after some higgling they agreed that three of our number
might be released, but one must remain as a hostage ; and
I was pointed out as the one. I endeavored to have one of
the others stay, and one actually agreed to ; but his heart
soon failed him, and I could see that he was using all
his powers of persuasion to provide for himself. I assured
him that I would use every effort in his behalf, if he would
consent to remain for the present ; but he evidently thought
of the maxim, "A bird in the hand," &c., and was bent on
making sure of his own safety first of all. Poor fellow !
I cannot blame him for loving his own life, though, at the
moment, it did seem rather hard that, after getting into
the scrape by their own headstrong folly, against my en-
treaties and peremptory commands, they should extricate
themselves from it at my expense, and leave me to bear
the hardest of it ! Very likely I might have done the
same, if our cases had been reversed. And, even if one
of them had offered to remain, it is very doubtful whether
the substitution would have been permitted. The Indians
too evidently regarded me as the chief prize, and were
bent on retaining me as such. They insisted that I must
stay while the other three should go for ransom, and I had
nothing to do but to submit.
Three Indians each took a man with him on a horse, and
started for the boat. I watched them as they went, with
feelings that I will not attempt to describe. It seemed but
too probable we sliDuld never meet again. A sense of deso-
lation came over ir.3, at the thought of being left alone in
the power of these savages, of whose *reachery and cunning
34 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
1 hf;i already had such ample experience, and of whose
cruelty I had heard so much. I felt that I was beyond the
aid, if not cut off from the sympathy, of my associates.
The falseness of the Indians to all their engagements, as I
afterwards learned, was signally displayed towards my more
fortunate comrades. They evidently had no intention of
releasing any of us. Before reaching the boat, they halted,
and refused to go any further, or allow our men to leave
them. The prisoners, however, struggled desperately, and
at length got clear of their captors. One rushed up to his
neck in water, the others sprang into the boat, pushed off,
and rescued him as he was struggling with the waves.
They reached the schooner, told their tale, and represented
my desperate situation. All hands commenced breaking
up cargo, to get at the rum and tobacco for my ransom.
Two boats were forthwith manned, provided with the re-
quired articles, and with plenty of arms and ammunition,
and started for the shore. They got to the land a little
before dark, and pulled into a cove, or slight indentation
of the beach.
On catching sight of them, I desired the Indians to con-
duct me to the shore, and receive the ransom. But this
they declined. They ordered me to the summit of an
eminence near by, there to beckon the men to come ashore.
An old skin was given me to wave as a signal. Perceiving
that I was to be used as a decoy to lure the others into
their treacherous snare, and secure them all as prisoners,
I protested against this new breach of faith, and assured
them that our men would not leave their boat, but that, if
they want^l any rum and tobacco, they must take me to
the shore To this, after a long palaver, and with visible
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 35
reluctance they assented. The old chief ordered me to
mount his horse, — this time reversing our relative pos'-
tions ; je made me sit on the rude apology for a saddle and
guide the horse, while he took his seat behind, clasping
both arms tightly around my body, and spurring his old
nag forward. Thus mounted, and wondering what would
be the next trick of the savages, I was conveyed to the
shore, near the spot where the boats lay off on their oars.
Driving as near them as possible, I hailed the men, — told
them by no means to fire on the Indians, but to give them
all they had promised. They asked what they should do
with the articles. I turned to the chief, told him what the
boats had brought, and once more asked if it was a satis-
factory ransom. He said, Yes ; if those articles were laid
down, I should be released. But he was plainly resolved to
have his pay in advance; he distrusted us too much to let
me go first ; and I need not say that my confidence in him
was far from implicit. But, " Nothing venture, nothing
have," — I directed the men to put the things ashore, which
they did. The Indians greedily picked them up, and I
claimed my release. The old rascal said, " he had not got
plenty of rum yet, he must have a barrel." I insisted and
struggled, but to no purpose. He kept a tight hold of my
body, and when I begged that at least he would not squeeze
me quite so painfully, he only redoubled his clasp. He
obviously suspected, and I more than suspected, that it
would not require a very great relaxation of his embrace
to prompt a pretty decided movement on my part, for the
effectual resisting of which the vicinity of the water was
not altogether favorable. He now began spurring his old
horse from the scene of action ; I drew upon the bridle
36 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
with my whole available force and weight ; but the dis-
parity between human strength and horse power, stim-
ulated to its utmost by the spur, was too great. I begged
the men in the boats to come again the next morning, and
on no account to leave me, which they solemnly promised.
I was now hurried back into the country five or six
miles, and at last reached an Indian village, and was set
down by the old chief at his wigwam. He gave me in
charge to one of his squaws, who ordered me into the hut
and bade me sit down on the ground. While sitting there,
and casting an inquisitive glance around the rude habit-
ation, my attention was suddenly attracted to what ap-
peared to be several pairs of eyes in a dark corner, shining
with a strange brilliancy. I speculated silently on the
sight, much doubting whether they belonged to human
beings or to wild beasts ; but, on carefully reconnoitring,
I discovered that they belonged to three huge women.
Further investigations disclosed a number of dark-skinned
boys and girls, of divers ages and sizes, playing and
capering about the premises, in a state of perfect nudity.
It took a considerable time to make out these, or any
other objects, distinctly, owing to the darkness of the hut.
Presently the chief, the patriarch of the tribe, entered
his habitation, and began a conversation, in his peculiar
dialect, with his wives. He spoke in a low, guttural tone,
in words the purport of which I could not gather. I
was in no mood for conversation, but would have been
much gratified by learning his version of the day's " stroke
of business."
And now a few dry sticks and a bunch of dry grass
were brought, mine host drew from a convenient repos-
THE CAPTIVE N PATAGONIA. 37
itory a brass tinder-box, with a stone and a piece of steel,
and soon produced a blaze that brilliantly illuminated the
scene. By its light I was enabled to survey the first
specimen of Patagonian architecture that had blessed my'
vision. It was constructed in a pointed style, though not
very aspiring, consisting of a row of stakes about eight
feet high, each terminating at top in a crotch, or fork,
with a pole laid across them ; two parallel rows of stakes
on either side, about two feet high, with similar termi-
nations, and a similar horizontal fixture ; and a covering
composed of skins of the guanaco, sewed together with
the sinews of the ostrich, the only thread used by the
people. This covering is drawn over the frame-work, and
fastened by stakes driven through it into the ground.
For purposes of ventilation some interstices are left, but
these again are half closed by skins attached to the out-
side ; so that the air from without, and the smoke from
within (in default of a chimney), must insinuate them-
selves through these apertures in great moderation. In
truth, my first survey was rather hurried ; the first cheer-
ful gleam had scarcely set my eyes on the look-out when
I was fain to shut them against an intolerable smoke. In
no long time I felt as bacon, if conscious, might be sup-
posed to feel in the process of curing. No lapse of time
was sufficient to reconcile my eyes, nostrils and lungs,
to the nuisance ; often have I been more than half strangled
by it, and compelled to lie with my face to the ground, as
the only endurable position. Talk that is "worse than a
smoky house " must be something out of date, or Shak-
speare's imagination never comprehended anything so
detestable as a Patagonian hut. The chief and his nurner-
4
38 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
ous household, however, seemed to enjoy immense satid
faction ; and jabbered and grunted, and played their antics,
and exchanged grimaces, as complacently as if they
breathed a highly exhilarating atmosphere.
My meditations and observations were shortly inter
rupted by preparations for a meal. The chief's better
half — or rather fifth part, for he had four wives — super-
intended the culinary operations, which were as rude and
simple as the hut where they were carried on. And now
my fancy began to conjure up visions of the beef, fowls
and eggs, the promise of which had lured my men from
the boat, — had proved stronger than the suggestions of
prudence, and had made me a prisoner. But these dainties,
if they existed anywhere within the chief's jurisdiction,
were just at present reserved. The old hag threw down
from the top of one of the stakes that supported the tent
the quarter of some animal ; whether dog, guanaco, or
whatever, was past imagining. She slashed right and
left, with might and main, an old copper knife, till it was
divided into several pieces. Then taking a number of
crotched sticks, about two feet long, and sharpened at all
their points, she inserted the forked ends into pieces of
the meat, and drove the opposite points into the ground
near the fire ; which, though sufficient to smoke and com-
fortably warm the mess, was too feeble to roast it. At
all events, time was too precious, or their unsophisticated
appetites were too craving, to wait for such an operation;
and the raw nursels were quickly snatched from the
smoke, torn into bits by her dirty hands, and thrown upon
the ground before us. The Indians seized them with
avidity, and tossed a bit to me ; but what could I do witli
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 39
it ? I should have had no appetite for the dinner of an
alderman at such a time and place ; but as for tasting
meat that came in such a questionable shape, there was no
bringing my teeth or resolution to it. While eying it
with ill-suppressed disgust, I observed the savages, like a
horde of half-starved dogs, devouring their portions with
the greatest relish ; seizing the fragments with their fine
white teeth, at the same time clenching them with their
hands, and giving every sign of enjoyment except what one
is accustomed to see in human beings. The old chief re-
marked the slight I was putting upon his hospitality, and
broke in upon me with a fierce Por que usted, no munge
usted, usted carna ? Esta carna mucko bueno hombre par
munge, se hombre, munge ! " Why don 't you eat your
meat ? This meat very good to eat, — very good to eat.
Eat, man ! eat ! " I may here observe that my knowledge
of Spanish, like the chief's, was colloquial; picked up
here and there in voyages to South American ports, which
may account for my orthography being so plainly deter-
mined by the ear rather than by any rules of Castilian
grammar. " Seeing him so much excited, and not knowing
what deeds might follow his words if I refused, I thought
it expedient to try to " eat what was set before me, ask-
ing no questions ; " thinking, moreover, that if there were
any evil spirit in it that the fire had failed to expel, it
could not possibly have resisted the smoke. So, being
eorely divided between aversion to the " strange flesh " and
fear of showing it, I forced a morsel into my mouth. Its
taste was by no means as offensive as its appearance had
been unpromising, and I managed to save appearances
with less disgust than I had fearod. This was my first
40 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
meal with the savages, and a sample of many others;
though better viands afterwards varied their monotony,
now and then.
The eating being over, a large horn, that had once
adorned the head of a Spanish bullock, was dipped into
a leathern bucket and passed from one. to another. Be-
tween the bucket and the horn, the fluid had gained a
flavor not found by Adam in his first brewing, and, indeed,
not far from nauseating. However, it seemed expedient
to " conquer my prejudices " so far as to drink with the
other guests, and the ceremonies of dinner were over ; for
which, " with all other mercies," I felt thankful, and
turned to my corner near the expiring fire, to chew the
cud of sweet and bitter fancies, in which the latter in-
gredient decidedly predominated. The strange and sudden
desolateness of my condition, the doubtful chances of
escape, the possible sufferings before me, the uncertainty
that rested on the designs of my savage captors, all
rushed upon my mind, and suggested to my heated imag-
ination a host of terrors.
These painful thoughts were interrupted by an order
to prepare for the night's repose. An old skin, about two
and a half feet square, was thrown upon the cold ground
in the back part of our rookery, and assigned for my
cou-^h ;- 1 took possession accordingly, and the whole family
bestowed themselves in a row near me. The stifling at-
mosphere was soon vocal with their snoring. My brain
was too busy for sleep. Feverish fancies kept me wakeful.
I revolved a variety of plans for escape. Could I steal
out of the hut unperceived ? Could I find my way to the
shore ? I doubted the first, and more than doubted the
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 41
second ; and even if so far successful, there was no boat
to take me from the accursed land. And how could I
conceal myself from the Indians till a boat should arrive ?
They would miss me ; and, long before any possible com-
munication with my vessel, would be hunting me down
with horses and dogs. Not a wood or thicket had met
my eye on the dreary waste I traversed the day before.
I tried to devise some other plan, but none offered itself.
It was this or nothing, — and this was next to nothing.
Grown desperate, at last, I determined to make an effort.
After lying some time, listening to the heavy breathing
of the sleepers, and satisfying myself that none of the
* company were awake, I raised myself as noiselessly as
possible, and stole towards the ' front of the wigwam.
Casting a furtive glance backward, I could see that the
old chief was restless ; either he had feigned sleep, or some
evil spirit had waked him just at the wrong time. To go
immediately back would too plainly betray my purpose;
so I walked very calmly and deliberately into the open air,
and stood as if star-gazing ; the old fellow, as I plainly
perceived, all the time watching me from the lodge. In
a short time I walked quietly back to my dark retreat,
and found him where I had left him, lying very coseyly,
as if nothing had happened to disturb his slumbers.
Once more stretching myself on my uneasy couch, I lay
two hours or more, still revolving the same unsolved
problem in my mind. At length, all appearing to be sound
asleep, I decided to venture a second attempt ; and, in
the event of failure, to make the best of it for the present.
Stealfhily as possible I crawled from among them, slid
out of doors, and crouched upon the grass. Could I be
42 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
mistaken? N) — those infernal eyes were fastened on me
as before ' There was no eluding their vigilance. At
this moment a howling as of a hundred wolves was heard
approaching, and about that number of dogs came rush-
ing, pell-mell, towards me. I scampered for the wigwam
as fast as my feet could carry me, and in my flight
stumbled over a stick nearly eight feet long. I seized
the weapon thus kindly lent me, and, swinging it furiously
about me, gave all intruders that came within my reach
a sufficient touch of its quality. Thus defending myself
from the brutes, I backed towards the lodge, glad to shelter
myself among its detested inmates. The cunning old Pa-
rosilver, as before, had bestowed himself on the ground
among his squaws and dirty children, and was, apparently,
fast asleep.
This was more than I could compass. Vexation at
my fruitless attempts to escape, — dread, inspired by the
relentless vigilance and quiet assurance of the chief, —
tormenting apprehensions as to the issue of any effort on
the morrow to effect my ransom, — all kept my brain
upon the rack, and effectually drove sleep from my eyes,
till near daylight, when I fell into a disturbed slumber.
In my dreams I was at once transported from the savage
hut, on board my vessel. Methought she was driving before
the wind, all sails set, at full speed, upon a dangerous reef.
All on board seemed insensible of the danger ; I alone
perceived it, but a nightmare spell was on me, and my
lips 1 ifused to speak, my limbs to move. Rooted to my
place on the deck, I stood in dumb agony, while our
vessel rushed upon her fate. There came a sudden
— our bark tad struck, and ha total destruction
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 43
was inevitible. Some of the men were dashed violently
upon the deck, others precipitated into the boiling surf,
where they clung desperately to spars, and fragments of
the wreck. While the confusion was wildest, and the
dream of effort for escape was subsiding into the calmness
of despair, I suddenly awoke, and for some time was un-
able to comprehend where I was, or how I came there. If
I were indeed shipwrecked, I was also, like Jonah, vomited
upon dry land. I drew my hand across my eyes to assure
myself that vision was unobstructed, cast my eyes right
and left; — the lodge, the ashes of the last night's fire,
the chief and his motley family, the door through which
the " lubber fiend " had followed me with his restless eyes,
and into which the fierce dogs had driven me, recalled my
distracted senses, and restored consciousness of a reality
which, at the moment, I would aljnost have exchanged for
the wildest terrors of my dream.
With the light calmer thoughts succeeded, and I once
more addressed myself to the task of effecting my escape.
The first thing was to get the chief with me to the shore,
in readiness to meet a boat, and to renew negotiations
for my liberty. Observing that he was awake, I began
to promise him an abundant supply of the articles most
tempting to his fancy, on condition of my release. He
carelessly replied that he would go with me to the beach
by and by. I tried to urge his departure, being anxious
to go without the rabble at his heels the day before, but
for whose viol ^nce he would now hardly be master of me ;
but there was no hurrying his movements. He took down
his little cutlass, drew it from its brazen scabbard, and
comme-iced sharpening it with a rusty file, trying its
44 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
edge with his fingers as the work went on, and casting side
glances at me the while. Whether this ceremony was
the preface to some act of violence he meditated, or a
scene for effect, to fill me with a wholesome dread of his
power, I could not guess; but, determined to show no
foolish fears, I thought it best to put a bold face upon
the matter, and make an equally striking demonstration
of courage and presence of mind, qualities which savages
generally appreciate. I therefore approached him, tried
the edge with 'my own fingers, praised the beauty of the
instrument, and interested myself in the process of sharp-
ening it. Following up my assault on his vanity, I ex-
tolled him as one of the best of men, and assured him
that when we got to the shore I would amply reward him
for his kindness to me; taking occasion, however, to throw
in a hint qn the vast importance of starting early. This
I enforced by the suggestion that, when he got his good
things, the fewer there were present, the fewer claimants
there would be to divide the spoils.
After much coaxing, he started after his old horse ;
I mounted behind him, and we moved slowly off. When
we arrived at the shore it was blowing a perfect gale. A
boat could not live in the billows. All three vessels had
dragged their anchors, and lay at some distance from their
anchorage of yesterday. Bark Hebe appeared to be drag-
ging towards the Orange Bank, a dangerous shoal. I
afterwards learned that the Hebe, after getting into water
as shoal as would barely float her, slipped her cables,
put up a little sail, and finally succeeded in weathering
the shoal and getting safely out to sea. The J. B. Gager
vas dragging in the same direction. My own vessel was
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 45
holding on better than the others, and I hoped she would
ride out the gale in safety.
I made my captors understand the reason why no boat
had come, as promised; with which they appeared to be
satisfied, and we returned as we came. By means of
their broken Spanish, which they had picked up from
sailors, and in visits to the Chilian or other Spanish
American settlements, and by signs, amounting at times
pretty nearly to a pantomime, I found myself able to
understand inquiries or commands, and to make known my
wishes.
Early on the following morning we again visited the
shore, and I looked eagerly toward the anchorage, where
all my hopes of deliverance centred. Not a vessel was
in sight ! Whether they had foundered, or were driven
upon the shoal and wrecked, or had dragged out to sea
in a disabled condition, — or whether my shipmates, the
gale having subsided, had deliberately proceeded on their
voyage, and left me a prey to cruel savages and all the
ills of this inhospitable shore, — I was unable to con-
jecture. I only knew that they were gone, and that 1
was left alone to the tender mercies of the Patagonians.
No present means of escape appeared. The future, wisely
hidden from my view, suggested none to my imagination.
I told my captors the worst ; that the high winds had
probably sunk the ships, and all that were in them. At
this intelligence they seemed delighted, and laughed im-
moderately, as if such a calanrty were a consolation for
the loss of their expected random. Their cruel glee could
add nothing to the weight of my desolation. My past
life was sealed up as if by an entrance on a new state
46 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
of being. 1 looked round on a bleak and cheerless region,
and forward on a life as barren of human joy, made up
of every species of suffering, — hunger, cold, fatigue, insult,
torture, — liable to be cut . short at any moment TDy the
caprice of my tormentors, and so wretched that death
itself, with all the enormities of cannibalism, lost its ter-
rors by comparison. Life, for any good or great purposes
to be achieved, was over. And then my thoughts turned
to far different scenes, — to happy faces, and pleasant
voices, and familiar sights; — to hearts that beat with no
iread of this day's calamities, felt no consciousness kin
dred to my despair, but would, in due time, be rudely
awakened from th .ir security. GOD help me, for I am
helpless now !
THE CAPTITE IN PATAGONIA. 47
CHAPTER II.
A. proposal to go to Port Famine negatived — " Holland " — Discovery of
vessels in the straits — Double disappointment — A crisis — Survey of
Patagonia — Scanty vegetation — Animals and birds — Climate — The
people — Their habits and character — Domestic relations — Weapons
— Government — Superstition — Cannibalism — Their reputation abroad.
RETURNING to the encampment, it remained to devise
some new way of escape. Some four or five days' ride to
the westward would bring us to Port Famine, on the
straits, a penal settlement of Chili, and the only settlement
in the vicinity by which I could hope to reenter the civil-
ized world. A journey thither was suggested to the In-
dians, as the -most likely way of turning my captivity to
profitable account ; but they refused with a promptness and
decisiveness which was rather unaccountable, till I after-
wards learned that they had lately visited that part of the
country on a horse-stealing expedition, in which their suc-
cess had been too good to make them desirous of showing
their faces there at present. Money, guns, pistols, cut-
lasses, brass, beads, and everything else that could be
thought of to tempt their cupidity, were offered. I was
not disposed to be niggard of promises ; but in vain. To
Port Famine they were determined not to go ; but old
Parosilver assured me, "by way of compensation, that he
48 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
would take me to " Holland," which was a " much better
place." Whereabout on terra firma this South American
Holland was situated, — if, indeed, there was any such
place, and the chief was not indulging in a little extra
lying, — was past all conjecture. I inquired the distance.
He could not tell exactly. Was it inhabited by Americans
or English ? There were " twenty or thirty white men
there, and plenty of rum and tobacco." They promised to
?tart with me towards Holland the next day. In what
direction? They pointed towards the Atlantic. Well, I
cared little where it was, or who lived there, provided only
they were not Patagonians, and I could once get free of
these rascals. But on the following morning the migration
was postponed, in consequence of unexpected tidings.
One of the tribe, who had been down to the shore, re-
ported that my vessel had come back. This welcome,
though rather improbable information, started me, with
about a dozen of them, on the track of his story. On
gaming a view of the straits, a vessel was plainly in sight,
but it was a strange sail. Yet, if I could succeed in
boarding her, my purposes would be answered. She came
into the bight of the bay, and anchored about fifteen miles
below us. I endeavored to make my smutty companions
comprehend that as the tide was then running out they
would not make the shore till it turned, which would not
be till night. They waited till near night, when hunger
and thirst wore out their patience, and they ordered me off
with them. Against this untimely mandate I warmly re-
monstrated, and after some dispute it was arranged that
the chief should stay with me for the night. The rest
returned to their encampment, and we made a good fire.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 49
which was kept up till nearly mornirg. Old Parosilver
lay down under the lee of a clump of bushes, while I was
busy in active exercise to keep warm, and replenishing the
fire with dry bushes. At dusk I had observed the vessel
hoisting sail, and beating up the bay. On this I began
brandishing firebrands to attract notice, and walked to and
fro on the beach for hours. The craft gradually ap-
proached, till her white canvas became distinguishable
through the surrounding gloom. Fresh fuel was heaped on
the fire, a bright blaze ascended ; I took my station directly
in front of it, holding out my coat, and frequently turning
round, that my form and features might be more distinctly
revealed. And now a thrill of joy electrified me, as I saw
a light set on deck, which appeared to be stationary.
There could be no doubt that the vessel had come to
anchor directly opposite to us. Though hungry and weary
with long watching, I hurried about, and gathered sticks
and leaves in abundance to kindle a still brighter beacon-
fire, in whose light and warmth anxiety began to expand
into hope. At dawn of day, as the horizon lighted up, I
could distinguish the vessel lying about a mile off, quiet as
a sea-fowl on the calm surface. Presently there was a
movement on deck, the anchor was hove up, the fore and
main sails were hoisted, and the object on which my hopes
and ardent prayers had centred through the cold night
receded from view through the straits, bound, doubtless, for
California. I watched the fast-vanishing sail with tearful
eyes ; and the. old chief, who had been on the look-out,
started for his horse, that had been hampered and turned
out to crop among the scanty vegetation.
Before I had time to recover from the first revulsion of
5
50 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
disappointment and grief, another vessel, a topsail school <»rs
came in by Point Dungeness. " Cheer up," I said to my-
self; "the sun will be shining, the darkness have given
place to the clear day, before this vessel can be up and
opposite to us." Confident of being noticed, I began
active preparations for the approaching visitor. No rod
of sufficient length was to be found ; but, after some search,
a number of short crooked sticks were collected. To lash
them together, I tore up my drawers, which I eould ill
afford, and appropriated my shoe-strings. My flannel shirt
was hoisted as a flag; and having replenished the tire, I
paced the beach with colors flying, but, as the vessel ap-
proached, with increasing faintness of heart; for the wind
gradually shifted, so that she could only take advantage of
it by heading towards Terra del Fuego. At last she came
opposite, but so near the further shore that the chances of
success diminished every moment. Dark objects moved on
the deck, — fancy painted them as men ; — would they not
discover me through their glasses, and be drawn by my
signal of distress ? No ; onward she floated away, — the
narrows were soon passed, and my vision of deliverance was
dissipated.
With this final death-blow to all present hopes of relief,
I turned away in despair. Exhausted by hunger, cold and
fatigue, and worn out by houVs of .anxiety, I fell helpless
upon the ground, and wept like a child. For the first time
I felt utterly forsaken, and repined at my lot as one of
unmitigated evil. Effort seemed useless ; I had neither
resolution nor strength to make further exertion. There
was nothing for me but listless endurance. I even re-
proached myself that I had not cast myself into the sea,
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 51
and staked my life on the chance of swimming to the
schooner. There was no possibility of doing this ; but
failure would have been only death, and what was life
worth to me here ? This tempest of self-reproach soon
spent itself. My temperament is too buoyant to be long
depressed, and calm and stout thoughts took the place of
despairing weakness. It was unmanly, something whis-
pered within me, thus to give way before difficulties. It
would be time enough to do this when all possible effort
had failed. The weak and imbecile might take refuge in
despair, but the strength of youth should serve me better.
I called to mind examples of courage in greater emer-
gencies, when obstacles that seemed insurmountable had
been conquered by fortitude and perseverance. "Heaven
helps those who help themselves." The more I reflected
on the matter, the stronger grew the impulses of faith and
courage, by whose force it seemed possible to win a triumph
against the greatest odds. Before rising from the earth,
my resolution was fully taken to throw discouragement to
the winds ; by the help of God to meet whatever impended
with the courage of a man ; to bear my calamities with
patient endurance ; and to give up hope and energy only
when nothing was left to be attempted, or the power to do
and suffer was exhausted.
I rose a new man, — my strength invigorated, my soul
fortified by a strong purpose. Though the cold night air
had thoroughly chilled my frame, it now felt a warmth
kindled by the fires within, and an unaccustomed flush suf-
fused my countenance. The resolve fixed in this memor-
able crisis of my captivity, though severely tested, was
never whollv overborne. Henceforth, tl e events and scenes
52 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
through (rhich I passed were viewed with a calmness that
had beea before unattainable," and which is now scarcely
credible, on recollection. So true is it that our strength is
unknown to ourselves till it is thoroughly tested.
The hope of immediate release, however, was at an end;
my savage captors, it seemed, must be looked upon as for
an indefinite period my masters and companions ; and I had
nothing at present to do but to divert myself by a study
of their manners and habits; to consult my safety by a
close study of their character, and of the ways and means
by which so to adapt my deportment to it as to win their
confidence, to disarm hostility, and to seize opportunities.
PATAGONIA, as it offered itself to my observation, more
than answered the descriptions of geographers, — bleak,
barren, desolate, beyond description or conception, — only
to be appreciated by being seen. Viewed from the Straits
of Magellan, it rises in gentle undulations or terraces.
Far as the eye can reach, in a westerly direction, it assumes
a more broken and hilly appearance, and long ranges of
mountains, extending from north to south, divide the eastern
from the western shore. The soil is of a light, sandy char-
acter, and bears nothing worthy the name of a tree. Low
bushes, or underwood, are tolerably abundant, and in the
valleys a coarse, wiry grass grows luxuriantly. Streams
of water are rare. The natives draw their supplies prin-
cipally from springs or pools in the valleys, the water of
which is generally brackish and disagreeable.
The variety of animal is nearly as limited as that of veg-
etable productions. The guanaco, a quadruped allied to
the lama, and with some resemblance to the camelopard,
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. t>3
is found in considerable numbers. It is larger than the
red deer, fleet on the foot, usually found in large herds,
frequenting not only the plains, but found along the course
of the Andes. Its flesh is a principal article of food ; its
skin is dried with the hair on, in such a manner that, when
wet, it retains its pliability and softness. This process of
preserving skins seems to be peculiar to the Indian tribes,
and is not unlike that by which buffalo-robes, bear-skins.,
buckskins, and other articles of luxury, and even necessity,
among us, are prepared by the North American .Indians.
Guanaco-skins are cut into pieces of all sizes, and sewed
into a thousand fanciful patterns, every workman origi-
nating a style to suit himself. The hoofs are sometimes
turned to account by the natives as soles for shoes, when
they indulge in such a luxury, which is not often.
The enemy of the guanaco is the cougar, or " American
lion," smaller than its African namesake, and more re-
sembling the tiger in his character and habits, having a
smooth, sleek coat, of a brownish yellow color, — altogether
a very beautiful but ferocious creature. His chase is a
favorite, though rare and dangerous, sport of the natives.
Patagonia likewise boasts of the skunk, whose flesh is used
for food. There are also foxes, and innumerable mice. Of
birds, the only noticeable varieties are the condor, in the
Andes, and the cassowary, a species of ostrich, smallei
than that of Africa, on the plains ; its plumage is not
abundant, generally of a gray or dun color. Its flesh is
tender and sweet, and with the fat much prized by the
Indians. Like the African ostrich, it is exceedingly swift,
only to be captured on horseback, and often fleet enough to
outrun tk.3 fastest racer.
5*
54 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
JTbe climate is severe. The Rio Negro forms the northern
bounlary, and nearly the whole country is south of the
parallel of 40° south latitude. At the time of my capture,
which was in the month of May, the weather corresponded
to that of November in the New England States. Its chilli-
ness, however, was greatly increased bythe bleak winds of
that exposed locality. Along the Straits of Magellan the
weather is also exceedingly changeable. Sudden and severe
squalls, often amounting almost to a hurricane, vex the
navigation of the straits, and sweep over the coast with
fearful fury.
The habits of the Patagonians, or at least of the tribe
among whom I was cast, are migratory, wandering over the
country in quest of game, or as their caprice may prompt
them. They subsist altogether on the flesh of animals and
birds. The guanaco furnishes most of their food, and all
their clothing. A mantle of skins, sewed with the sinews
of the ostrich, fitting closely about the neck and extending
below the knee, is their only article of dress, except in the
coldest weather, when a kind of shoe, made of the hind hoof
and a portion of the skin above it, serves to protect their
inferior extremities.
In person they are large; on first sight, they appear
absolutely gigantic. They are taller than any other race I
have seen, though it is impossible to give any accurate
description. The only standard of measurement I had was
my own height, which is about five feet ten inches. I
could stand very easily under the arms of many of them,
and all the men were at least a head taller than myself.
Their averag^ height, I should think, is nearly six and a
half feet, and there were specimens that could have been
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 55
little less than seven feet high. They have broad shoulders
full and well-developed chests, frames muscular and finely
proportioned, the whole figure and air making an impres-
sion like that which the first view of the sons of Anak is
recorded to have made on the children of Israel. They
exhibit enormous strength, whenever they are sufficiently
aroused to shake off their constitutional laziness and exert
it. They have large heads, high cheek-bones, like the
North American Indians, whom they also resemble in their
complexion, though it is a shade or two darker. Their
foreheads are broad, but low, the hair covering them nearly
to the eyes ; eyes full, generally black, or of a dark brown,
and brilliant, though expressive of but little intelligence.
Thick, coarse, and stiff hair protects the head, its abundance
making any artificial covering superfluous. It is worn
long, generally divided at the neck, so as to hang in two
folds over the shoulders and back, but is sometimes bound
above the temples, by a fillet, over which it flows in ample
luxuriance. Like more civilized people, the Patagonianc
take great pride in the proper disposition and effective dis-
play of their hair. Their teeth are really beautiful, sound
and white, — about the only attractive and enviable feature
of their persons. Feet and hands are large, but not dis-
proportionate to their total bulk. They have deep, heavy
voices, and speak in guttural tones, — the worst guttural I
ever heard, — with a muttering, indistinct articulation,
much as if their mouths were filled with hot pudding.
Their countenances are generally stupid, but, on closer in-
spection, there is a . gleam of low cunning that flashes
through this dull mask, and is increasingly discernible on
acquaintance with them ; when excited, or engaged in any
56 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
earnest business that calls their faculties into full exercise,
their features light up with unexpected intelligence and
animation. In fact, as one becomes familiar with them, he
will not fail to detect an habitual expression of " secretive-
ness " and duplicity, which he will wonder he did not
observe sooner. They are almost as imitative as monkeys,
and are all great .liars; falsehood is universal and in-
veterate with men, women and children. The youngest
seem to inherit the taint, and vie with the oldest in dis-
playing it. The detection of a falsehood gives them no
shame or uneasiness. To these traits should be added a
thorough-paced treachery, and, what might seem rather in-
consistent with their other qualities, a large share of vanity,
and an immoderate love of praise. They are excessively
filthy in their personal habits. Hydrophobia, so to speak,
is a prevailing distemper ; they never wash themselves.
Hands and faces are covered with dirt, so thick, and of
such ancient deposit, that their jiatural color .only appears
in spots, laid bare by the mechanical loosening and dis-
placement of some of the strata, which curiously variegates
the surface. It is hardly necessary to remark that such a
condition of the skin is highly favorable to the increase and
multiplication of " the moving creature that hath life,"
wherewith their persons are abundantly peopled.
The women are proportionally smaller than the men,
and rather inclined to embonpoint. The old chief had four
wives, though he had probably never heard of Mahomet or
his domestic laws. The rest of the tribe had only one wife
apiece. The women erect the wigwams, provide fuel and
co)k, — if the opera ion should be dignified with that name,
•— in short, all the drudgery falls to their lot They arc
THE CAPT1 7E IN PATAGONIA. 57
treated as slaves, but made, in most respects, afc comfortable
in their servitude as the condition of their tfude masters
will admit. When, however, their lords a/e excited by
gambling, or enraged for any or no cause, the fury of
passion is visited upon their defenceless heads, which they
bear uncomplainingly, with a meek submissiveness worthy
of better treatment. They are passionately fond of trinkets
and clumsy ornaments, such as bits of brass and copper,
beads, and the like, which they wear suspended from their
necks. A few of them had their ears pierced, and wore
brass or copper ear-rings ; and many of them decked out
their children with similar rude finery, which is valued
more than anything else, except rum, tobacco and bread.
The men paint or bedaub their faces and breasts with a
kind of red earth. Charcoal is also used as a cosmetic. A
broad line of red alternating with a stripe of black, in
various fantastic figures, is a favorite style of decoration.
The women make themselves, if possible, still more hideous;
by the application of a pigment made of clay, blood and
grease. Some of them would be very comely, if only
cleanly, and content to leave nature less strenuously
adorned.
The people are as deficient in the morals as in the re-
finements and courtesies of domestic life ; their licentious-
ness is equal to their cruelty, — the filth of their persons
only too faithfully represents the degree in which " their
mind and conscience is defiled." I saw no person, of
either sex, that appeared to have attained advanced age.
though it was difficult to judge of this. The oldest Indian
I remember to have seen did not seem to be above sixty.
Their only wealth, aside from their huts, consists of
5S THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
horses, the stock of which is frequently repleirshed by
stealing from the Spanish and Chilian settlements. These
animals are, for the most part, of small size and inferior
quality, half wild, coated with coarse, shaggy hair — lean
and woe-begone enough, just " fit for the crows." A few
valuable specimens of a superior breed are found among
them, doubtless " conveyed " there. The rude saddles in
use among them are mostly of Spanish origin, obtained at
the settlements. They consist each of two boards, an inch
thick, six inches wide, and two feet long, rounded at the
corners so as to fit the horse's back, and united by two
strips of board passing across the back-bone, the several
pieces lashed together with leather strings. A piece of
guanaco-skin often serves in default of a saddle. The
steed is guided by a single rein, tied round the lower jaw ;•
some of them sport a bit of iron or wood, secured by a
string round the jaw, attaching the rein to this. Spurs,
like the rest of their riding apparatus, are more efficient
than elegant. They are indeed rude and cruel things, —
straight sticks, six inches long, with a long, sharp iron
inserted into the end, secured by a string or strap around
the hollow of the foot, and tied at the top, a second strap
nearer the heel, and a third passing round the heel. They
are all agile and excellent horsemen.
For weapons, the chief, and a few of the principal men,
had cutlasses or swords. They had no fire-arms, nor could
1 learn that they understood their use ; bows and arrows,
ppears and war-clubs, appeared to be equally unknown.
All the men carried knives ; and the lolas, a missile
weapon used in the capture of all kinds of game.- This
consists of two round Atones, or lead balls, if they can be
THB CAPTIVE IN PATAU)NIA. 59
procured, weighing eacL about a pound, connected by a
strap or thong of leather, ten or twelve feet long. When
engaged in the chase, his horse at his highest speed, the
rider holds one ball in his hand, and whirls the other
rapidly above his head ; when it has acquired sufficient
momentum it is hurled with unerring aim at the object of
pursuit, and either strikes the victim dead, or coils in-
extricably about him and roots him to the spot, a helpless
mark for the hunter's knife.
This tribe numbered about one thousand ; the chief is the
acknowledged head of the people. Whether his power was
hereditary or elective, I could not learn ; but incline to the
belief that it was hereditary, as it appeared to be, in his
theory at least, absolute. In all questions of importance
his decision is final ; yet his subjects take considerable
liberty with his opinions, sometimes oppose his counsels,
and even question his authority. On the appearance of
such democratic symptoms, he sometimes finds it necessary
to assert his sovereignty with spirit, and brandishes his
cutlass smartly before their eyes.
The habits of the people are not only filthy, but indolent
to the last degree ; exertion of body or mind is their
greatest dread. They never go on a hunting expedition
till there is nothing more to eat, nor even then till they
feel the spur of extreme hunger. It sometimes happens
that at such a crisis a storm comes on, which shuts them
in; and it is no un frequent occurrence for them, under
such circumstances, to pass two or three days without
tasting food. They learn nothing by experience; the
same childish indolence and recklessness, followed by the
same painful consequences, are continually recurring.
60 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
Though their great size at first sight was fitted to inspiic
terror, it required no very long observation to discover
that they were deficient in natural courage. This, in fact,
might be inferred at once, from ' their habitual deceit,
treachery and artifice, which are the defences of the weak
and timorous, rather than the weapons of strong and daring
natures. They always select the night to inflict injuries;
never meet an enemy in open combat whom they can stab
from behind, or despatch in the dark ; and, when obliged to
attack by day, always do so in large numbers. This defect
of courage is increased by their superstition ; they have
great faith in charms, signs and omens, a weakness which I
anticipated might exert great influence on my destiny in
important conjunctures. Could I by any means so master
their secret as to possess myself of its mystic power, it
might prove an effective aid to my plans of self-defence, or
of escape. Should it, on the other hand, be turned by any
accidental causes against me, its impulse might prove irre-
sistible by power or contrivance. There was no appearance
of idolatrous worship among them, nor could I observe any
allusion to a Supreme Being, or to any superior powers
having personal attributes; and, except a single ceremony,
of which more hereafter, the nature of which was and is
still inexplicable, there was nothing that suggested to my
mind the idea of religious worship. Whether they are
cannibals or not, has been a matter of some dispute. So
far as I know, they have been, heretofore, only casually
observed on the beach by voyagers, or vaguely reported of
by the people of adjoining countries and neighboring settle-
ments; neither of which is a sufficiently reliable source of
information. My own personal advantages on this head
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 61
were greater; but I am obliged, after all, to leave the
question about where I found it, so far as certain con-
clusions are concerned. Yet some circumstances occurred,
or were related to me, that incline my mind strongly to
the belief that such horrible practices are not unjustly
ascribed to them. Of the soundness of my conclusions
those who follow the course of the narrative will have the
opportunity of judging for themselves ; if such had been
my persuasion at the beginning, it may be readily imagined
what effect this last hazard would have had upon my
feelings, in contemplating the possibilities of the future.
Happily a convenient scepticism on this point preserved
me from this dark apprehension.
i came among these people not, certainly, with the best
preparation in my previous habits and associations to en-
dure either the climate of the country or the hardships of
captivity. I went on shore in my usual ship's dress; thick
frock coat, trousers, and shoes, and glazed cap. My under-
garments were woollen; though an important item, as
before related, was made way with in fruitlessly signalling
vessels in the straits. But to live without any change of
dress, to sleep without any additional covering, protected
from the cold ground only by a fragment of guanaco-hide,
and the other discomforts and exposures of life among
savages, made, altogether, a harsh contrast to the comforts
of our good schooner. To these, however, I gradually
became inured, till I was able to meet cold and wet and
storm with as stoical indifference as my dark companions,
who had known no other lot from infancy.
Of the character of the natives I had little previous
knowledge; and that little was not adapted to stimulate
6
62 THE CAPTIYE IN PATAGONIA.
curiosity, or prompt the least anxiety for more irtin.ute
acquaintance. It was derived mainly from whalars, in
whom it seemed to have produced much the same degree of
contentment, — a feeling that ignorance is bliss. Indeed,
the greatest caution has always been employed by voyagers
in regard to landing on these shores; many experienced
seamen cannot be persuaded to land at all ; trade with the
natives is always carried <5n in boats off shore, frequently
with loaded fire-arms constantly levelled, in readiness for
action in case of emergency. But here I was, put forcibly
to the study of their character in the school of dame Ex-
perience, and can testify to the truth of the saying that
she charges roundly for tuition. Let the reader give mo
credit for the cheapness with which I put him in possession
of what knowledge was purchased at so exorbitant a price
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 63
CHAPTER III.
Hard journey — Encampment — Division of the tribe — My new guardian
— Story of the capture of a British vessel — Reunion — Gambling —
Culinary arts — Hunting — Symptoms of danger — Mutual deceptions
— Tough yarns — The fatal ring — An elective oration — Indecision of
the Indians.
THE reader left me just rising from a half-stupor into
which a double disappointment*had thrown me, feverish
with the excitement of new purposes and resolutions. The
first aim was for some fresh water, to allay a burning
thirst. After a long and unsuccessful search, I went de-
liberately to the beach and took a deep draught of the
briny waves. Expecting that the chief would shortly
return for me with a train of his followers, it occurred to
me that I might secrete myself, though there was nothing
certain to be gained by it, if I were successful, of which the
probability was not great. With this object in view, I
walked along close on the water's edge, that my footprints
might be obliterated by the waves. After proceeding in
this way for some distance, I left the shore, and started
towards the interior, in quest of a place where I might dig
a hole in the earth and cover myself with grass and bushes.
I had gone but a little way inland, when, on ascending a
slight eminence, whom should I meet, faca to face, but the
C4 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
^
old chief and another of my tormentors ! So the scheme
cam 3 to nothing ; but after others more feasible had so
dolefully miscarried, it was not in human nature to lay
this disappointment very deeply ~ to heart. I made as
though I was glad to see the old fellow, though, could I
then have had my will of the savages, they would have
been safely anchored in the middle of the straits. I told
him (Heaven forgive me !) I was looking for them. The
chief responded to my greeting only by ordering me to
mount his horse. 1 requested leave to stay a little longer,
and was refused. I again requested to be taken to Port
Famine ; — no, I should be taken to "Holland."
I mounted behind him, and we travelled all day in the
direction of Cape Virgin. For two days and nights I had
eaten nothing, and drunk nothing but sea-water, and, in
fact, had taken very little food for three days. We ar-
rived about dark at an eminence commanding a view of
their new squatting ground. Here we halted to take a
short survey of the encampment. To them, doubtless, the
prospect was beautiful ; to me it was heart-sickening, but I
strove to keep up cheerful appearances. Down in a valley
or deep marshy hollow, covered with tall gi^ss or rushes,
an almost innumerable, drove of horses were seen grazing ;
and beyond, at a short distance, the surface was thickly
dotted with huts, erected, or in process of erection, by
female architects. Children, in swarms like summer flies,
and with no more artificial covering than those insects,
were capering and shouting in high glee. At length we
descended to the rude village; after tacking about, first to
the right and then to the left, like a ship against a head
wind, we came gallantly into town, and drew ip at the
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 65
chief's lodge. I was glad to dismount, sore with bestriding
the skeleton of a horse.
Here I again took the liberty of proposing a trip to
Port Famine, offering to^ go alone, if they would not go
with me. The chief told me, with emphasis, to say no
more about it. He would take me to "Holland," and
there get rum and tobacco. " Only get me there," I said
to myself, " and much good may your rum and tobacco do
your old carcass ! "
On the third day of our encampment here the tribe was
divided, and I was sent off with one of the chief's lieu-
tenants. A more blood-thirsty rascal could not be found
in the tribe. This step was probably taken by the chief to
get rid of my importunities to visit Port Famine, the
frequent renewal of which had evidently worried him. My
new guardian regaled my ears, from time to time, with
stories of his murderous exploits, most likely in order to
instil into me a wholesome dread of his power, and a
submissive temper under his authority. The details of his
bloody yarns are too shocking to repeat. One story, on
which he seemed to dwell with peculiar satisfaction, as it
was confirmed by more reliable authority afterwards, I will
here relate, with such other particulars as I gained by
subsequent information.
About two years before, the British brig Avon was in
the Santa Cruz river. Captain Eaton, her commander,
went on shore with his men, and bought some horses of the
Indians, which he paid for in rum, tobacco and trinkets.
After receiving their pay, they played the same trick as
with me, — refused to deliver the horses. The captain was
about getting under weigh, when the Indians, perceiving
6*
66 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
his intention to leave 'hem, went down to the shore op-
posite the vessel, and beckoned him to come on shore,
signifying that they would give np the horses, as agreed,
The boat was sent ashore, and six or eight Indians returned
in it to the brig. They surrounded the captain on the
quarter-deck, and told him the horses were coming. He
stepped to the rail with his glass, to observe motions . on
shore; while thus engaged, the savages came up behind,
drew out their long knives, and stabbed him to the heart.
He sunk lifeless on the rail, and fell upon the deck.
Seizing him by the hair, and raising him partly on their
knees, they cut his throat, and stabbed him again and
again, to make the work of death sure. They then rushed
upon the mate and stabbed him, but not mortally ; he
threw himself exhausted down the hatchway, and had just
strength enough to secrete himself among the cargo. The
boy was dealt with in the same manner as the captain, and
one or two sailors, being wounded, succeeded, like the
mate, in getting below deck and secreting themselves.
The remainder of the crew were fortunately off in a boat at
this time, and escaped the massacre. The savages ate and
drank on board, and then plundered the brig of such
articles as suited their fancy. Mr. Douglass, of " Holland,"
being on board the brig, was not murdered, but carried on
shore and detained. A gentleman named Simms after-
wards endeavored to effect the release of Mr. Douglass.
He gave them all that they demanded as ransom, and was
then himself detained to keep his friend company. A
third embassy was undertaken by Mr. John Hall, of whom
the reader will learn more hereafter. He paid a large
ransom for his t\vo friends, and was then served as they
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 67
had been. He succeeded in effecting his escape the next
day ; but Douglass and Simms were carried off, murdered,
and, it is supposed, — I believe with good reason, — that
their bodies were eaten. The Avon, after being plundered,
fell into the hands of the remainder of the crew, and sailed
for Montevideo.
I travelled with this ruffian about ten days. He was a
hard master, though I cannot charge him with personal ill-
treatment that amounted to cruelty. Our life was monot-
onous enough. We slept a good share of the time when
we rested, drank pure water when we could get it, and ate
what fell in our way ; though the reader may be assured
that we saw some hungry days. At the expiration of ten
lays, the tribe was reunited at a place agreed upon. Here
we continued several days, the natives occupied exclusively
with gambling, which was alike their daily labor and
recreation. When the demands of hunger became too
imperative to be longer postponed, they would go out and
hunt, after which they resumed their games.
Gambling is a vice to which they are greatly addicted,
and they pursue it with a perseverance and ardor worthy
of amateurs in more civilized communities. The imple-
ments used are bits of guanaco-skin, about the size of
common playing-cards, on which are rudely depicted dogs
and a variety of other beasts, with divers mystic marks and
scrawls, done with a stick in a pigment composed- of clay,
blood and grease. Unlike their compeers in more en-
lightened circles, they put down- stakes on only one side,
for which the opposite players contend. In this way they
rid themselves of their saddles, bridles, knives, and what
eyer other portable ai tides they may have to hazard.
68 1HE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
Nay, I have seen them inflamed to such a passion as to
take the mantles from their women's shoulders, telling
them tD protect themselves from the cold as they could.
Bat where was " Holland," all this time ? They told
me at first that we should be only four days reaching
it, and already more than ten had passed. On inquiry,
they said that the journey would be completed in six
days ; on we went, for sixteen days more, with the same
dull routine, the Indians assigning seven or eight days
as the miDimum time. The place seemed to be all the
while receding. I had long since become aware that there
was no truth in them ; but persisted in questioning them,
to call forth fresh lies, which they uttered with marvellous
fluency, as if it were vastly easier than speaking the
truth.
After the reunion of the tribe, I implored the old chief
'.o take me back to his lodge, and to his especial care ; to
, which he consented, much to my satisfaction. With him
I felt a kind of security unknown elsewhere ; under God,
I relied alone on his protection. He alone of the tribe had
the power to defend me, and I spared no pains to secure his
good-will. To this end, I made him large promises of such
things as I thought would arouse his cupidity, or stim-
ulate his appetites, as well as an abundance of ornaments
for his wiv3S and children, if he would only take me to
some place inhabited by white people. This policy was
extended to his household ; disagreeable as the task was,
I forced myself to caress his dirty children, and to tell
them what pretty things I intended to give them. By
these, and such-like demonstration^ I flattered myself
it might be possible to keep OR peaceable terms with
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
old Parosn ver and enlist his autlnrity for me, if circuni
stances she aid compel me to appeal to it.
The reunited tribe remained in 3amp three or four days
dividing their time between gambling and hunting. Wher-
I accompanied the hunters, as I sometimes did, I was sure
to get something to eat towards night, as they invariably
kindled a fire and cooked part of the game on the spot
where it was killed. Their method of preparing all meats
was essentially the same as has been described ; tossing
large pieces into the fire, or suspending them over it,
till they were somewhat smoked and dried, and then de-
vouring them, without salt, or any other condiment but
the sauce of hunger. Cooking the ostrich, however, forms
an exception : the feathers are plucked out, the bones
dissected and removed ; hot stones are placed within the
body, the skin is tightly sewed together, and the whole is
partially roasted on the embers. The lacings are then
cut, and the meat is served up ; it has an excellent flavor,
far surpassing that of the domestic turkey. The bird is
covered with a layer of fat, half an inch thick, which is
melted, and collects in the body, forming a condiment
which is relished as the greatest luxury of Patagonian
living. If any fragments of the repast remain, .they are
slung to the backs of the saddles, and so carried home,
dangling at the horses' sides, till they are so begrimed
with dust as to defy all conjecture as to their quality or
origin. These choice morsels are proffered to the home
department, are received with smiles of gratitude, and
devoured with a gust sharpened by long abstinence. It
was noticeable that the plumage of tie ostrich, though
beautiful, was not at all valued by the Indians; large
70 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
quantities of th 3 feathers are blown all over the country,
without attracting the least regard, while men and women
disfigure themselves with paint, and load their persons
with the cheapest of all trumpery, brass and copper and
beads, picked up from traders, or stolen.
The hunting of the guanaco is not only their chief
reliance for food, but a spirited amusement, conducted
after a fashion peculiar alike to hunters and hunted. Pat-
agonia, as before mentioned, has no trees, but is covered
nere and there, in patches, with a kind of under-brush of
scrub growth, and the plains extend back for hundreds of
miles from the Atlantic shore, like a vast rolling prairie.
This affords a clear and excellent hunting-ground, with
nothing to conceal the game, or hinder the pursuer, except
now and then a clump of low bushes, or the tall grass of
the marshes. Two to four hundred Indians on horseback,
bare-headed, and with thqir skin mantles about them, and
each having the bolas and his long knife tucked beneath
his belt, the whole followed by an innumerable pack of
dogs of every kind, down to curs of low degree, make up
a hunting party ; as far as the eye can reach, their gigantic
forms, diminished by the distance, may be seen projected
on the . horizon, their long hair streaming in the wind.
Presently a thickness is perceived in the air, and a cloud
of dust arises, — a sure indication that a herd of guanacos
has been beaten up, and is now approaching. All eyes
are fixed intently on the cloud; it soon appears as if
several acres of eartfc were alive, and in rapid motion.
There is a herd of from five hundred to a thousand of these
animals, infuriated, rushing forward at their utmost speed;
whatever di ection they may chance to take, they follow
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 71
in a straight line ; and, as scon as their course is ascertained,
the Indians may be seen running their horses at break-neck
pace to plant themselves directly in the ccurse of the living
tide. As the game approach, the hunter puts spurs to his
horse and rushes across their track. When within twenty
or thirty yards, he jerks the bolas from his girdle, and, whirl-
ing it violently above his head, lets fly. The weapon usu-
ally strikes the head or neck of the animal, and winds
itself about his fore-legs, bringing him to the ground. The
hunter dismounts, cuts the victim's throat, remounts, and is
again in pursuit. The whizzing missile, unerring in its aim,
brings down another and another, till the party are satis-
fied with their chase and their prey. The dogs fall upon
the poor animals, when helplessly entangled by the bolas,
and often cruelly mangle them before the hunter has time
to despatch them. Seldom does any one miss the game he
marks. It is the height of manly ambition among them,
the last result of their training, to excel in the chase.
The sport being over, then comes the dressing of the
meat. The body is split open, the entrails removed, the
heart and large veins opened, to permit the blood to flow
into the cavity. The Indians scoop up with their hands
and eagerly drink the blood. When their thirst is satis-
fied, the remainder is poured into certain of the intestines
selected for the purpose, to become (to their accommodating
tastes) a luxury as highly prized as any surnamed of Bo-
logna. The ribs are disjointed from the back-bone, and,
with the head, discarded as worthless. The body is quar-
tered, cutting through the skin ; the quarters, tied together
in pairs, are thrown across the horses' backs, and conveyed
to the camp. Arrived at their wigwams, the chivalrous
72 THE CAPTITE IN PATAGONIA.
hunters never unlade their beasts, but lean upon the horses'
necks till their wives come out and relieve them of the
spoil. They then dismount, unsaddle their horses, and turn
them loose.
Whilst remaining at our present encampment, strong in-
dications of dissatisfaction were apparent, which manifestly
had reference to me. There was a large party that had
always entertained hostile feelings towards me ; and I now
found it necessary to exert myself to the utmost to quell
their discontent, by making large promises of presents to
men, women and children, " due and payable " on arrival at
some white settlement ; also, by humoring their caprices,
and flattering their vanity with the most honeyed words
at my command. The reader, I hope, will not harshly
judge of the deceptions which are here and elsewhere
avowed in this narrative. I was placed in circumstances
which, it seemed to me, made this a legitimate and necessary
mode of self-defence. It was plain that my only way
of escape would be by some negotiation for ransom, and the
Indians had conceived expectations of very large profit to
be made out of me. They were told, when we landed, that I
was the captain of the ship, — an unfortunate error, but
one that I could not repair. I was naturally looked upon
as so much the more valuable hostage. My only resource
was to act in character : to magnify my own importance, to
increase their expectations, whenever I found myself sink-
ing in the scale of their favor, — to make them feel, in snort,
that they had an immense interest in preserving my life,
and getting me to " Holland," or some other white settle-
ment, with the most convenient speed. And if some of
the fictions appear gross, it is enough to say that they
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAG NIA. 73
were such as seemed, at the time, to be adapted to t%he
grossness of their apprehensions and desires, and to the most
sure accomplishment of the purpose in view.
Yet, so false-hearted and treacherous were they, that
one could never be for a moment certain what impres-
sion was made. 'Liars in grain themselves, it was only
natural for them to distrust every one else. When-
ever I spoke, and especially when making promises, the old
chief would look me steadily in the eye, as though pierc-
ing my inmost thoughts. But, in process of time, I so
schooled myself to the exercise, that I could return his
look and tell the toughest stories without blinking. Some
of them were to the full as credible as those of Mun-
chausen. It was constantly necessary to put memory and
imagination to the rack, to call forth something new and
astonishing wherewith to divert their fancy, and preoccupy
their minds from meditating mischief against me, of which
I had continual reason to be afraid. Secure against any de-
tection of the plagiarism, I drew largely from the adventures
of Sinbad the Sailor^ the marvels of the Arabian Nights,
and the cunning devices of Gil Bias, the materials of which
served, when duly mixed with my own veritable experience,
to excite their curiosity, if not to awaken awe and super-
stitious reverence. They would sit around me for hours,
as eager as so many children, their eyes and ears all intent,
while in broken Spanish, mixed with a few Indian phrases
that had been grafted into my speech through the ear, aided
by abundant gesticulations, that shadowed forth and illus-
trated whatever was obscure in expression, I spun yarns
of no common length, strength and elasticity. Sometimes, in
response to a general call from the company, the old chief
7
74 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
at the end of some marvellous tale, would con mand me to
tell it again. This was no easy task, considei ing the freaks
which my imagination usually played without restraint, in
the progress of the narrative. In no long time, however, I
learned to imitate the prudence of boys who turn down
•
the leaves of their books, or of Indians who break down
the shrubs and twigs along a new path, by taking special
note of my deviations, — a sort of mental dog's-ear, or
way -mark, interposed at the point of departure. It -was not
difficult to retrace the way at their bidding, and give
them the whole journey, to its minutest turnings.
The excitement and dissatisfaction which I had remarked
and dreaded appeared to have died away, when one night
I had startling evidence that it was still active. At the
usual hour of rest, as I was expecting every moment to be
ordered, like a dog, to my cold corner of the lodge, a gigan-
tic, ill-favored fellow made his appearance, and exchanged,
in an under tone, a few words with the chief. Without
comprehending a word that was passing, I could see, by
their significant glances, that the colloquy concerned me,
and that it boded me no good. The giant soon disappeared.
The chief sat a moment in silence, rose, and ordered me to
follow him. To the question where he was taking me, no
other answer was vouchsafed than " Gome along ! " We
had proceeded but a short distance when I observed a
group of Indians sitting in a circle on the earth. The sight
almost froze my blood. The most dismal apprehensions
seized upon me. There needed no wizard to tell the import
of the scene. The fatal ring, so much to be dreaded by
those who are cast upon the tender mercies of savages was
set for me. The suddenness of it aggravated the blow It
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 70
almost paralyzed thought, and arrested my powers of mo-
tion. The catastrophe of the tragedy, I thought, is at
hand, unless arrested by the interposition of a higher power.
In my way to the dreaded spot I sent up a silent suppli-
cation that He whose eye marked all my footsteps, and
whose power was a"ll-sufficient for my protection against
utmost peril, would keep me in that hour of my " extrem-
ity," and make it, according to |he proverb, His " oppor-
tunity."
Arrived at the ring, I found the Indians squatting on
the ice and snow awaiting us, with their cutlasses and
large knives tucked under their blankets, — weapons they
never carry except when they expect to use them. I waa
ordered within, and seated myself as near as possible to
the chief. They presently began talking in rotation, as they
sat, in their own tongue. Their words were mainly unin-
telligible ; but the deadly malice that flashed from the eyes,
kindled in the features, and animated the gesticulations, of
some of them, left no room to doubt the significance of their
speech. A part of them were clamorous against my life, as
they had constantly been. Others appeared to be irreso-
lute, and said little ; but, so far as could be discovered, no
voice was raised in my favor. The chief spoke last, —
I hung upon his lips, and anxiously scrutinized his face and
action. I gathered that he was in favor of holding on a
while longer, and using me as a decoy, to lure others within
their power ; reminding them of my promises, — the quan-
tities of rum and tobacco they were to get from me, the
trinkets destined for women and children. He was for get-
ting the booty ^before cutting the matter short with me*.
His remarks evidently had great weight with the council,
76 1HE CAPTIVE IH .'ATAGONIA.
and ex irted a soothing effect on all of them. At this point
I thought it a meet season to impress upon their minds that
I was of some consequence in the world, and asked leave to
speak for myself, which was granted. Thereupon 1 launched
forth in an oration, the chief acting as interpreter, and
retailing it to the circle sentence by sentence :
" Buenos Senores ! Me mucho grande Americane capi-
tan, mismo commodant mucho mass, mucha barca, mucha
galeta, muchos soldados, muchos marinarios. Me tene
mucho mucho big guns, bastante poquito mismo bastante,
cutlass, pistols mucho bastante. Vuestros hombres buenos
per me, mi marinarios, mi soldados, buenos per vos. Othro
corso usted malo rumpe me," &c. &c. &c. In such a jum-
ble of Spanish, English and Indian, duly set off with gri-
mace and gesture, I gave them to understand that they were
dealing with no inferior personage, but with one who was at
home as good as the president ; one having at command
abundance of steamships and sailing vessels of all sorts,
with soldiers and mariners, big guns and little guns, pistols
and cutlasses* That if they were good to me they would
receive good from me and mine ; but that, if they did me
any harm, men would come from North America in num-
bers as incalculable as the hairs of their heads, and kill
every mother's son of them. Furthermore, if they would
take me to some white settlement, whether American, Eng-
lish. French or Spanish, I would order the white people to
give them rum, tobacco, flour, rice, sugar and tea. Of
course the white men could do no less than obey, and they
would thus be enabled to indulge themselves in luxuries
almost without limit.
It was evident, at a glance, that my speech was seasonable,
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 77
and took effect in the right quarter. Their eyes stood out
with wonder, and the sternness of their countenances was
relaxed. They acquiesced in the proposal to postpone final
action for the present, and see what could be made out of me
before doing their worst. In a few days, they said, they
would take me to " Holland ; " but, no matter what time was
limited, that "undiscovered country" seemed continually fur-
ther off, — "a name" without any "local habitation." Their
conduct in this was determined, as I was afterwards assured,
by the fact that they were entirely undecided what to do
with me. They longed for the good things I had told them
ef, and their greedy appetites could only be satisfied by
taking me to a white settlement. On the other hand, they
were painfully suspicious that I meant to give them the
slip, and dreaded the result of bringing me into the vicinity
of any settlement ; while, at the same time, my grandilo-
quent assumptions and lofty threats made them shrink from
the thought of doing me serious harm. The big guns and
little guns greatly disturbed their imaginations. In short,
I seemed to them an ugly customer — bad to keep, and bad
to get rid of. They temporized, therefore, promised and
hesitated, and postponed, and promised again. There was
no use in trying to hurry their movements. So I gave them
line upon line, seeking every opportunity to deepen the
troublesome impression that they assumed a mighty respons-
ibility when they made me a prisoner, and that their wel-
fare depended greatly on the issue.
7*
78 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
CHAPTER IY.
Corey Inlet — A nother disappointment — A hunting frolic with an UB»
pleasant termination — Moving of the camp — Aimless wanderings —
Alarm — A marriage treaty and an unsuccessful suitor — Laws of mar-
riage — Qualifications of a husband — Feminine quarrels — A marriage
in high life — Dressing meat — Profaneness — Absence of religiouS
ideas — Mysterious ceremony — Reasons for abstaining from religious
instruction — The metals — State of the arts in Patagonia — Tailoring
— Fashion.
THE next move of the tribe brought us within about a
mile of Corey Inlet. The day after we halted, in full view
of the south Atlantic, on looking out upon the water, two
masts were plainly descried, evidently those of some vessel
running down to this inlet. On going up an elevation com-
manding a better view, it proved to be a topsail schooner.
She had undoubtedly mistaken this false cape for Cape
Virgin, at the entrance of the Straits of Magellan. I pointed
out the vessel to the Indians, and requested them to take
me to the shore, that I might, if possible, communicate with
her and be ransomed. After some delay, they complied ;
but, as we approached the beach, she was seen suddenly to
haul off the shore and stand down the coast, having proba-
bly found out her mistake. We made all possible haste to
gain the beach before she could have time to pass out of
eight. I mounted a tall cliff, where I could distinctly see
THE CAPTIVE IX PATAGONIA. 79
the men on deck, and, standing on the horse'^ back, waved
my jacket, and made every possible demonstration to attract
their notice. All in vain. The little vessel sailed steadily
on, as if in mockery of my hopes. I watched her receding
figure with an aching heart, till she vanished from- sight.
Thoughts of home and its familiar circle, of lost enjoyments,
and of the suffering that must be a guest there, had long
tantalized my sleeping and embittered my waking dreams.
These were quickened and concentrated in a burning focus,
by the light of such a vision from the world of my past
existence, only to inflict the keener torture upon my sensi-
bilities. My situation became more intolerable by every
fresh disappointment. It was almost enough to drive me
mad. Must I, then, give up all hope of rescue ?
A few minutes passed, and the tempest of feeling passed
with them. Reflection convinced me that the indulgence
of such feelings was not only useless, but actually pernicious,
as tending to unfit me for rational and successful contriv-
ance. My condition, truly, was dreadful; so much the
more necessary was it to exercise the most calm and patient
and self-possessed prudence, in order to devise and execute
any purpose of escape. Like the surgeon who looks with
steady nerve on the quivering frame subjected to his knife,
I must nerve myself to look the gloomy problem of my lot,
without shrinking, fully in the face, and keep my emotions,
in all circumstances, strictly under the control of the
calculating judgment; a maxim, like many others, much
easier uttered now than to be thought of then, and far
easier asserted than exemplified Fully bent on effecting
my deliverance in some way, to .he discovery of which all
possible ingenuity v as to be directed, my resolutions of
80 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
self-control were heroic enough. But to fulfil them, — to
repress and disregard all those sympathies to which my
whole being was bound, — this was indeed labor, too great,
I often feared, to be accomplished. When the stress of
inward conflict oppressed me, I would spring from my
crouching-place in the lodge, rush into the open air, and
seize upon every object that could in any degree divert
attention and divide my thoughts. These exertions, with
God's blessing, sufficed to restore, in some tolerable meas-
ure, the mental equilibrium, and to rescue me from the
dominion of feelings the unrestrained action of which
would have driven me to madness.
During our stay of three or four days at this encamp-
ment, I had become so wearied with the monotony of their
idleness, broken only by their desperate gambling, — the
only thing, besides the chase, with which the Indians oc-
cupied themselves, — that for variety's sake, to divert my
often-desponding moods, and to kill time, which hung
heavily on my hands, I concluded to go out on a hunting
frolic. Having procured a horse of the chief, and encased
my lower extremities in a pair of native boots, much
warmer than the ship shoes in which I had endured the
cold, I set out with quite a party. We had gone six or
eight miles, when I stopped for a short time, the rest of the
troop riding off without regarding me. On remounting my
charger, I put him to his utmost speed, in order to overtake
them. While driving on at a furious rate, he stumbled and
came to the ground, throwing his luckless rider over his
head twenty feet or more, upon the hard, frozen ground.
One ankle was severely sprained, and my whole body more
or less bruised. So severe, indeed, was the shock, that I
THE 2APTJVE IN PATAGONIA. 81
have occasional reminders of it to this day. No time was
to be lost ; and, with considerable effort, and no little pain,
I succeeded in remounting. The swelling of my foot soon
made my borrowed boots extremely uncomfortable, and I
wished myself safely back at the lodge ; but, at whatever
expense of suffering, I had no resource but to follow the
hunters till such time as they should see fit to return.
The remembrance of that day's torment will not soon be
lost. We arrived at the camp late in the evening ; and,
having been unsuccessful in the chase, went supperless to
bed. On crawling into the hut and removing my boots, a
sad sight was disclosed ; but there was no present remedy.
Dragging myself wearily into my corner, I had just
crouched upon the skin, which had served for a saddle
during the day and was still reeking from the horse's back,
when a great dog came along, and threw his whole weight
upon the lame foot, causing me to scream aloud for the
pain. I drew back the serviceable foot, and gave him a
kick that sent him through the fire and against the front
of the lodge. Sleep kept at a distance till near morning,
when I gained a brief oblivion of suffering.
Day at last dawned, and with the morning's light came
the busy note of preparation for removal. Down came the
tents ; the squaws packing up the furniture, and the In-
dians chasing and lassoing their horses. The noise «ind
confusion, disagreeable enough under any circumstances,
made the scene no inapt representative of chaos, from
which I was glad to be delivered on the most expeditious
terms possible ; and I was easily persuaded to try my
fortune again in the chase, more especially as we had no-
thing for breakfast. No words can do mere than partial
82 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
justice to one of these moving scenes. Not only the skin
roofs of their wigwams, but the stakes and poles which con-
stitute the frames, are carried along with them. Their
furniture gives them little trouble, seldom consisting of
more than the skins on which they sleep, an ox-horn tinder-
;ox, a few sticks for roasting meat, and a leathern water-
bucket. Tents and furniture are all packed together on
their horses' backs. The pappooses in travelling are la&hed
to a kind of wooden sledge, rounded at the ends like sleigh-
runners, and crossed with narrow slats, that bind the parts
strongly together. The little brats are bound upon these
machines, which are so shaped that their heads and feet are
much below the general level of their bodies, — a very un-
comfortable position for the youngsters, if they have as
much sensibility to pain as other children, of which I
incline to doubt, as they are inured from birth to almost
every species of hardship. The sledge, with its living
burden, is thrown across the horse's back, and made fast to
the load. The mother mounts to the top of the pack,
resting her feet on the horse's neck, and armed with a
cudgel, with which she vigorously belabors the beast, right
and left. The pappooses, not liking the quarters assigned
to them, set up a general -squalling. Mothers and maiden
aunts join in full chorus, drawling out, at the top of their
voices, " Hori ! mutty, mutty! Horl! mutty, mutty!"
without the least change, to the thousandth repetition.
All these arrangements are made with remarkable celerity
— in thirty minutes not a tent is left standing, but the
whole tribe, their tenc nen+s and chattels, wives and brats,
are all packed upon horses, and the motley cavalcade moves
off like an army of beggars on horseback.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA 85
On the present occasion the movement was delayed,
while we rode in search of something to eat. The chase
was unsuccessful, scarcely enough being obtained to more
than sharpen our appetites for dinner. The scanty meal
being over, the whole company began their journey, which
in its tortuous windings was not unlike that of the
Israelites in the wilderness, but unlike that in the respect
that we seemed to have no particular destination or object,
except to explore new hunting-grounds, and gratify the
capricious restlessness of the Indians. One very desirable
end was answered, — we got enough to eat, as we were suc-
cessful in killing a large quantity of game. The Indians
it was noticeable, were never at a loss to find their camps
So familiar did they seem with all their haunts and the
general shape of the country, that though the surface pre-
sented to my eye scarcely any distinguishable way-marks,
they would strike off from any point, however distant, and
go with unerring aim straight to their tents. In returning
laden with booty to our new homes, I was surprised to
observe no indications whatever of water in the vicinity ,
a singular departure, at first sight, from their invariable
custom, so far as I had noticed. Very soon the squaws
issued from their huts, each with her leathern bucket.
Curiosity prompted me to follow them a little way, when a
spring was discovered, from which they had to dip the
water with their ox-horn cups till the buckets were filled.
About this time, a new phase of life presented itself, to
cast light on an important item of the social economy
established in Patagonia. Looking out of our wigwam one
evening just at dusk, I noticed an unusual concourse of
Indians about two hundred yards distant. There* were
86 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
fifty or mpre, headed by one of the most ruffianly rascals
in the tribe, marching in the direction of our lodge. I
spoke to the chief about it, whereupon he went imme-
diately to the back of the hut, and sat down on his little
bed, his cutlass hanging beside him from a knot of one of
the stakes. This he took down, laid it across his knees,
and folded his arms. Something, I saw, was wrong. In
anticipation of the worst that might befall me, I had
found, a short time before, the handle of an old knife
among the chief's trumpery, and also an odd blade; these
I had put together, and the chief permitted me to carry it
about my person, the only weapon he allowed me. I now
planted myself on my knees beside him, and prepared to
sell my life as dearly as possible, should the mob enter
with evil designs towards me. The consciousness that I
was in their power, and was sure to have the worst of any
serious quarrel, made it my study to keep the peace with
them as far as circumstances would admit ; but there was
a limit to my control of events, a very narrow limit,
which I had 'Constant reason to fear would be overborne
by the impetuous hatred of my enemies, when nothing
would be left but desperate resistance. Such a crisis
seemed near, when the chief was himself reduced to a
defensive attitude, and was indeed besieged in his own
lodge.
The motley throng surrounded the hut, their numbers
constantly swelled by fresh arrivals ; some were squat
upon the ground, others peeping through the crevices.
Presently one of the number addressed the chief, and the
two conversed for some tiufe in a low and unintellig'ble,
but decided and emphatic tone. The crowd outside ap-
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 87
peared to be a good deal excited, and kept up a continuous
hum of rapid conversation. I looked and listened, ^ith
mingled curiosity and dread, while the chief repeated the
same thing over and over again, in a firm, authoritative
tone, tinged with anger. Unable to conjecture what was
on foot, or to bear any longer the agony of suspense, I
patted him familiarly on his naked breast, told him he had
" a good heart," begged that he would not suffer the
Indians to harm me. " You go sleep," was his answer ;
" no Indians come into this house to-night." I inquired
what they were after, but no answer was vouchsafed, and
he resumed his mysterious colloquy with the outsiders.
The idea of sleeping under such circumstances was out of
the question ; I was wide awake, and bent on keeping
so, — sorely bewildered at the strange goings on, and not
a little terrified, but holding fast by my sole weapon of
defence, and waiting a favorable opportunity to interpose
another inquiry. The chief turned his head ; and, per-
ceiving my vigilance, repeated in an angry tone his injunc-
tion to sleep. This was a drop too much ; and, clasping
my arms about his dirty neck, patting his breast, and look-
ing (with as confiding an air as I could assume) into his
dull . eyes, I begged him to speak to me, to tell me what
these men wanted. " Do they want to break my head ? "
" The men don't want to hurt you," he said ; " Indian
wants a girl for his wife ; poor Indian, very poor, got no
horses nor anything else. I won't give him the woman."
So speedy a descent from the height of my fears was not
satisfactory ; it was impossible to credit this explanation
of such a formidable scene. I apprehended that it was a
pure fiction, extemporized for the purpose of quieting me ;
8
88 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
but, as he seemed more communicative, I swallowei my
doubts, and questioned him further. " What does poor
Indian say ? "
" Says he '11 steal plenty horses when we get where
they are, and give the woman plenty of grease. Says he
is a good hunter, good thief."
These high titles to consideration did not seem to be
admitted by the party they were offered to conciliate ; on
the contrary, the chief pronounced him a sleepy mink-skin
of a fellow, — no thief at all ; one that would never own a
horse in the world. This opinion, which he was good
enough to favor me with, he communicated to the party
chiefly concerned, telling him that he was a poor, good-
for-nothing Indian, he should not have the woman, and
that was the end of it. After a little more jabber, and
abundance of wrangling, the mob dispersed, much to my
relief. Satisfied, by further conversation on the subject
with old Parosilver, whose triumph over the mutiny had
put him into better temper than usual, that the affair did
not imminently concern my safety or welfare, I lay down
to rest.
In answer to further inquiries, — for I must plead guilty
to a good deal of curiosity in respect of the poor Indian
and his blasted hopes, — I was informed that without the
chief's consent no marriage was permitted; that, in his
judgment, no Indian who was not an accomplished rogue, —
particularly in the horse-stealing line, — an expert hunter,
able to provide plenty of meat and grease, was fit to have
a wife on any terms. He never gave his consent for
such lazy ones to take an extra rib ; but, he very con-
siderately added, all the difference it made was that some
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 89
one else had to support the squaw till her suitor proved
himself worthy, and acquired sufficient wealth to justify
taking her to his wigwam ; and, if he cared much for his
coury, he would not be long in earning her ; it would make
him a first-rate thief, — the most indispensable title to
favor in the tribe. It appeared that the possession of two
horses, oue for himself and one for his intended, was re-
garded as the proper outfit in a matrimonial adventure.
The women are somewhat given to quarrelling among
themselves ; and, when their " combativeness " is once
active, they fight like tigers. Jealousy is a frequent occa-
sion. If a squaw suspects her liege lord of undue familiarity
with a rival, she darts upon the fair enchantress with the
fury of a wild beast ; then ensues such a pounding, scratch-
ing and hair-pulling, as beggars description. The gay
deceiver, if taken by surprise, slips quietly out, and stands
at a safe distance to watch the progress of the combat,
generally chuckling at the fun with great complacency.
A crowd gathers round to cheer on the rivals; and the
rickety wigwam, under the effect of the squall within,
creaks and shivers like a ship in the wind's eye.
While the contract of marriage is so jealously regarded
by the chief as to be subject to a veto in every case where
a proposed match appears in his eyes unsuitable, the
ceremony is literally nothing at all. Due sanction having
been given by the supreme authority, the bridegroom takes
home his bride for better or worse, without any of the
festivity which graces similar occasions elsewhere. About
this time, — for, as I had no means of journalizing my ex-
perience, or even keeping the reckoning of weeks and
months, it is quite impossible to assign lates, — a mat-
90 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
rimonial transaction took place, accompanied by unusual
solemnities. The rank of one party, and the extraordinary
accessories of the occasion, will justify a particular notice
of this " marriage in high life."
One evening, the chief, his four wives, two daughters,
an infant granddaughter, and myself, were scattered about
the lodge, enveloped in a smoke of unusual strength and
density. While the others sat around as unconcerned as
so many pieces of bacon, I lay flat, with my face close to
the ground, and my head covered with a piece of guanaco-
skin, the only position in which it was possible to gain
any relief from the stifling fumigation. While in this
attitude, I fancied I heard the tramp of many feet without,
and a confused muttering, as if a multitude of Indians
were talking together. Presently a hoarse voice sounded
in front, evidently aimed at the ears of some one within-,
to which the chief promptly replied. I caught a few
words, — enough to satisfy me that I was not the subject of
their colloquy, but that there was a lady in the case, — and
listened curiously, without any of the fright which grew
out of the previous negotiations. The conversation grew
animated, and the equanimity of his high mightiness the
chief was somewhat disturbed. I cast a penetrating glance
into the smoke at the female members of our household,
to discern, if possible, whether any one of them was
specially interested. One look was sufficient; the chief's
daughter (who, by the way, was a quasi widow, with one
hopeful scion springing up by her side) sat listening to
the conversation, with anxiety and apprehension visible in
every feature. Her mother sat near her, her chin resting
upon her hand, vith an anxious and thoughtful expression
THE CAPTIYE IN PATAGONIA. 91
of countenance. The invisible speaker without, it soon
appeared, was an unsuccessful suitor of the daughter, and had
come with his friends to press his claim. He urged his suit,
if nut with classic, with " earnest " eloquence, but with suc-
cess ill proportioned to his efforts. The chief told him he
was a poor, good-for-nothing fellow, had no horses, and was
unfit to be his son-in-law, or any one else's. The outsider
was not to be so easily put off ; he pressed his suit with
fresh energy, affirming that his deficiency of horses was
from want of opportunity, not from lack of will or ability
to appropriate the first that came within his reach. On the
contrary, he claimed to be as ingenious and accomplished a
thief as ever swung a lasso or ran off a horse, and a mighty
hunter besides, whose wife would never suffer for want of
grease. The inexorable chief hereat got considerably ex-
cited, told him he was a poor devil, and might be off with
himself; he would n't talk any more about it.
The suppliant, as a last resort, appealed to the fair one
herself, begging her to smile on his suit, and assuring her,
with marked emphasis, that, if successful in his aspirations,
he would give her plenty of grease. At this last argument
she was unable to resist longer, but entreated her father to
sanction their union. But the hard-hearted parent, not at
all mollified by this appeal from his decision to an inferior
tribunal, broke out in a towering passion, and poured forth
a torrent of abuse. The mother here interposed, and be-
sought him not to be angry with the young folks, but to
deal more gently and considerately with them. She even
hinted that he might have done injustice to the young man.
He might turn out a smarter man than he Bad credit for.
He might — who knew ? — make a fine chief yet, possess
g*
92 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
plenty of horses, and prove a highly eligible match for their
daughter. The old fellow had been (for him) quite moder-
ate, but this was too much. His rage completely mastered
him. He rose up, seized the pappoose's cradle, and hurled
it violently out of doors, and the other chattels appertain-
ing to his daughter went after it in rapid succession. He
then ordered her to follow her goods instanter, with which
benediction she departed, responding with a smile of satis-
faction, doubtless anticipating the promised luxuries of her
new home, the vision of which, through the present tempest,
fortified her mind against its worst perils. Leaving the
lodge, she gathered up her scattered effects, and, accompa-
nied by her mother, the bridal party disappeared.
The chief sat on his horse-skin couch, his legs crossed
partly under him, looking sour enough. Presently the
bride and her mother returned, and now began the second
scene. The chief no sooner recognized them than a sound
— something between a grunt and a growl, but much nearer
the latter than the former, and in a decided crescendo —
gave warning of a fresh eruption. The rumbling grew
more emphatic, and suddenly his fury burst on the head of
his wife. Seizing her by the hair, he hurled her violently
to the ground, and beat her with his clenched fists till I
thought he would break every bone in her body, and reduce
her substance to a jelly. Perhaps I was a little hard-hearted,
but she had been one of my bitterest enemies, and I had a
feeling that if some of her ill-will to me could be beaten out
of her, I could be easily resigned to her fate. The drub-
bing ended, she rose and muttered something he did not
like. He replied by a violent blow on the side of her head,
that sent her staggering to the further end of the hut. This
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 93
last argumo it was decisive, and she kept her huge mouth
closed for the night. There was a silent pause for some
minutes, and, without another word, we ranged ourselves
for repose. I thoughl the old heathen's conscience troubled
him through the night ; his sleep was broken, and he ap-
peared very restless. Early the next morning he went to
the lodge of the newly-married pair, and had a long chat
with them. They thought him rather severe upon them at
first ; but, after a good deal of diplomacy, a better under-
standing was brought about. The young people could
hardly get over a sense of the indignities they had received ;
but in the course of the day they returned, bag and bag-
gage, to the old chief's tent, and made it their permanent
abode.
We now moved in a westerly direction, and on the way
succeeded in capturing a good deal of game. Their mode
of dealing with the carcass of the guanaco is enough to
dissipate whatever appetizing qualities the meat — in itself
very palatable — would otherwise possess. It was no
uncommon circumstance, while the squaws were removitig
the hide, to see the dogs tugging at the other extremity,
the women, meantime, crying out " Eh ! Ah ! " in a dissua-
sive, though not angry, tone. If the animals become
too audacious, the ire of their mistresses is kindled, and they
break out with " Cashuran cashahy ! " a phrase equivalent
to that which, in English, directs its object to a region
unmentionable in ears polite.
The Indians have, strictly speaking, no profane expres-
sions. I never could learn that they worshipped or had any
idea of a Supreme Being. The only observance which bore
any aspect of religion was associated with something we
94 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
should little think of as an object of adoration — the
tobacco-pipe ; — though, how far this is, in fact, an object
of idolatry in Christian lands, it might not become me to
speculate. The only occasions on which the Indians dis-
covered any appearance of devotion were those of smoking.
This may have been only a symptom of intoxication, but
the reader may judge for himself.
A group of a dozen or more assemble, — sometimes in a
wigwam, sometimes in the open air. A vessel made of a
piece of hide bent into a saucer-shape while green and
afterwards hardened, or sometimes an ox-horn, filled with
water, is set on the ground. A stone pipe is filled with the
scrapings of a wood resembling yellow ebony, mixed with
finely-cut tobacco. The company then lay themselves in a
circle flat on their faces, their mantles drawn up to the tops
of their heads. The pipe is lighted. One takes it into his
mouth and inhales as much smoke as he can swallow ; the
others take it in succession, till all have become satisfied.
By the time the second smoker is fully charged, the first
begins a series of groanings and gruntings, with a slight
trembling of the head, the smoke slowly oozing out at the
nostrils. The groaning soon becomes general, and waxes
louder, till it swells into a hideous howling, enough to
frighten man or beast. The noise gradually dies away.
They remain a short time in profound silence, and each im-
bibes a draught of water. Then succeeds another interval
of silence, observed with the most profound and devotional
gravity. All at length arise, and slowly disperse. Now,
this may or may not have been a form of worship ; but the
circumstances attending it, the numbers uniformly engaged
in it, the formality with which it was invariably conducted
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 95
the solemnity of visage, the reverential grimace, the pros-
tration, the silence, the trembling, — these, and traits of
expression which are more easily discerned and remembered
than described, gave me a decided impression that the
whole had a superstitious meaning. The natural operation
of the tobacco, and of the substance mixed with it, might
explain part of the symptoms,— the writhing and groaning,
— but these appeared to be a good deal in excess, and there
were other features of the case which appeared to require
another solution.
I never asked any explanation. The mystery which sav-
age tribes are so apt to throw around their religious rites,
and their resentment at any unhallowed curiosity, I was
not inclined to meddle with or provoke. If my conjectures
were just as to the nature of this ceremony, inquiry might
lead to unpleasant consequences. Ignorance appeared, on
the whole, safer than knowledge of good or evil, gained at
the risk of being caught trespassing on things forbidden.
If any one thinks my precaution excessive, he is at liberty
to take a different course whenever he finds himself in the
jurisdiction of Parosilver, or any other Patagonian chief.
The inquiry may arise, especially in the mind of the reli-
gious reader, whether I attempted to impart to my captors
any knowledge of Grod, his attributes and laws. The answer
is quite ready, — No, and for a variety of reasons. The
writer did not understand enough of either Spanish or
Indian to communicate intelligible ideas on any matters
beyond the range of the senses , and Patagonia is pretty
barren of sensible phenomena, which made my stock of
words more limited thar it might have been under more
favorable circumstances. There was no finding " tongues
96 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
in trees," or " books in the running brooks ; " the land
possesses neither in numbers sufficient to be conversable.
" Sermons in stones," even, must have been of very pebbly
dimensions, and of no great weight. Had this difficulty
been removed, I confess I had no great desire to sur-
mount it. I was the object of suspicion and hostility. My
life was in constant danger. To diminish, as far as pos-
sible, the causes of dislike, to mitigate their ferocious hate,
to elude occasions of mischief, to delay what I feared could
not be very long prevented, was my continual study. If
the reader is not satisfied with this account of my conduct,
I am sorry for it, but cannot afford any words of con-
trition. It is vastly easier, I may hint to the objector, to
prescribe another's duties than to judge of one's own, es-
pecially where the two parties are in circumstances so
widely differing. The Patagonians need the gospel — and
the law — as much as any people I could name from per-
sonal observation. There was no trace of instruction im-
parted at a previous period, and the reception Christianity
would meet with among them is yet to be discovered.
Their pipes are made of a hard red stone, the bowl dug
out with whatever iron or steel implement is at command
to the dimensions of an ordinary clay pipe, the stem about
an inch square, and three inches long, with a small per-
foration. A copper or brass tube, about two inches long,
is fitted to the stem, and serves as a mouth-piece. This is
made by bending or hammering a metallic plate about a
small round stick, and soldering or cementing it with a
glutinous substance thickened with earth.
The copper, brass and iron, seen among them, was prob-
ably procured from unfortunate vessels wrecked on their
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 97
coast. I was informed by Captain Morton, of whom the
persevering reader will know more hereafter, that h.e had
touched at Sea Bear Bay for a harbor, and saw there great
quantities of iron pumps, ships' hanging knees, and other
gear, from wrecks of vessels of all sizes. As he was bound
for the land of gold, he thought it scarcely worth his while
to collect the baser metals. Had he been homeward bound,
he might have obtained a valuable cargo.
As ornaments, bits of brass and copper, of silver and
German silver, have a high value among the Indians, and
when the metals are plenty such adornment is very com-
mon. The children's shoes have small oval pieces sewed
on in front, and they appear on other parts of their dress.
When scarce, they are more seldom seen. Blacksmithing
in Patagonia is something of the rudest. Two hard flat
stones do duty, the one as anvil, and the other as hammer.
Of the effect of heat in making the metals malleable, and
of the art of tempering, the people have no knowledge. To
make a knife, they take a piece of iron hoop, or iron in any
practicable shape, and hammer away upon it at a pro-
vokingly slow rate. Their blows are not heavy enough to
do much execution ; but they keep up a constant tap, tap,
tap, hour by hour, till the iron is flattened to the required
shape and dimensions. It is then rubbed on a smooth
stone till it is worn down to an edge, and finally inserted
into a wooden handle. Sometimes melted lead is poured
into the handle, but lead appeared to be a scarce com-
modity. All mechanic arts, if they deserve the name, are
in an equally rude and primitive stage. The simplicity of
these people's ideas is indeed extraordinary. In invention
or constructiveness they are babes. A Yankee boy, six
98 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
years old, would be a prodigy among them, — a miracle of
genius.
An opportunity was afforded, while in camp, to see some
specimens of their tailoring or mantua-making achieve-
ments : — either term is appropriate, as the male and
female dress do not differ in form, and but slightly in the
mode of adjustment. The mantle or blanket is worn
around the shoulders ; those of the women- are fastened to-
gether by the corners under the chin with a stick for a
pin ; the men hold theirs around them with their hands,
except that when hunting they tie a string around the
waist.
The skins of young guanacos are selected for mantles, on
account of the superior fineness and softness of the hair.
Nearly a dozen skins are used for a single mantle, as a
large part of each is esteemed unfit for use, and thrown
away. The skins, while green, are stretched to their
utmost tension on the ground to dry. When partially
dried, they are scraped on the inside with a stone sharpened
like a gun-flint, sprinkled the while with water, to facilitate
the operation. When the surface is made tolerably smooth,
and of a pretty uniform thickness, it is actively scoured
with a coarse-grained stone, till it has a bright polish.
The skin is again dried, then crumpled and twisted in the
hands till it becomes perfectly soft and pliable. The
thread, as has been stated, is made from the sinews of the
ostrich. These are extracted by the exertion of great
strength, and divided into strings about the size of ordi-
nary shoe-thread. They are then twisted, the ends are
scraped to a point, and when dry become stiff; they are
now ready for use.
TIIE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. VJ
Two pieces of skin are cut to fit each ether. The
tailoress (for all the work, from the curing of the skins to
the last results, is done. by the squaws) holds the edges
together with the left hand, and drills them for sewing
with a sharpened nail, held between the first two fingers of
the right hand ; the pointed thread, held between the
finger and thumb, is inserted and drawn through, and so
the work* goes on. The stitches are tolerably fine, and a
very neat seam is made. Other pieces are added, and
when the whole is finished the seams are rubbed smooth
with a bone. The fur being worn inside, there remains the
work of outside decoration. With a due quantity of clay,
blood, charcoal and grease, amalgamated for the purpose,
the artist arms herself with a stick for a brush, and
executes divers figures in black, oa a red ground ; which
if intended to shadow forth men, require a vigorous imag-
ination to detect the purpose. They might pass for un-
happy ghosts (if a little more ethereal in composition), or
for deformed trees. They bear a rude resemblance to a
ehair in profile, or a figure 4; and are thickly disposed over
the whole surface, in the attitude sometimes vulgarly
termed " spoon-fashion." The garment is now complete ;
the edges are carefully trimmed with a knife, and the
fabric is thrown over the shoulders, with the infallible
certainty of fitting as closely as the native tastes require.
There is no trial of patience in smoothing obstinate wrinkles.
A " genteel fit " is the easiest thing in the world ; wherein
Patagonian tailors have decidedly the advantage of their
fellow-craftsmen in civilized lands.
9
100 1HE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
CHAPTER Y.
Inclement Breather — State of my wardrobe — Attempts to deprive r_e t>f
my clothes — Powwow and horse-killing — Hair-combing extraord.nary
— Remedy for rheumatism — Sickness — Turn barber — A cold bath
— Fasting — Discovery of my watch, and its effect — I am made
showman — Lion-hunt — Successful chase.
AT our next halt we encamped in a deepr swampy
valley. The weather was cold and stormy ; rain, snow,
sleet and hail, fell alternately, but did not accumulate on
the earth to any considerable depth. Fitful gusts of wind
came sweeping through the camp, making the wigwams
shake fearfully. Our old lodge gallantly rode out the
gale ; but, either owing to its straining and working in the
storm, or to some defects in the original structure, leaked
shockingly all night. I was repeatedly awakened by a
stream of cold water running under me. Giving the skin
roof a few knocks to lighten it of its watery burden, and
shaking the wet skin which constituted my couch, I would
throw myself down, and resign myself to repose; but before
quiet was fairly restored, another inundation would drive
me to my feet. The night wore away with me, wet, cold
and sleepless. After daybreak I rose, and continued for
two hours in vigorous exercise to restore warmth to my
chilled frame, before the Indians were astir. Fires weio
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 101
then kindled, and matters began to assume a more cheerful
appearance.
The weather, quite cool on my first landing, had grown
gradually colder, and was becoming inclement. I was
scantily prepared to endure the severity of winter. My
under-garments, as before related, were desperately ex-
pended in trying to signal passing vessels. Cravat and
pocket-handkerchief were appropriated to the adornment
of the women in our household, to the no small envy of less
favored ones. My sole article of linen was in shreds, and
of a color that would afford matter for speculation to a
jury of washerwomen. Stockings and shoes were sadly
dilapidated ; coat and trousers were glazed with dirt and
grease till they shone like a glass bottle. The contents of
my pockets were all confiscated, — purse, keys, knife, <fcc.,
— and a pair of pistols, of the use of which my captors
knew nothing, were taken to pieces, and the brass mount-
ings suspended about the necks of the chief 's wives. In
short, iny outer man was nigh unto perishing, and I had no
visible resources to arrest or repair the process of time,
while I was not sufficiently inured to the climate to adopt
the native dress without serious risk to health. But none
of these things were allowed to trouble me. I took no
thought for the morrow, but, according to the scriptural
injunction, suffered the morrow to take care for the things
of itself, esteeming sufficient unto each day the evil
thereof.
At an early period of my captivity, the chief and some
other Indians had cast a longing eye on my clothes, and
tried to seduce me into parting with them. They offered
no compulsion in the matter, but resorted to all manner of
102 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
tricks. It seemed that they thought a white man could
afford lo go without dressing. I explained to them that,
having always worn clothes, — having in infancy, even,
unlike Patagonian piccaninnies, been externally protected
against the fresh air, — it was quite impossible for me to
change my habits without the hazard of my life ; and, if
1 should die in consequence of yielding to their wishes,
they were reminded they would lose the valuable ransom
they expected for me. This reasoning proved convincing ;
greatly as they longed for my wardrobe, they more desired
rum and tobacco, and I was permitted the undisturbed
enjoyment of the scanty covering left me.
The storm continued for two days and nights; on the
third day it cleared up. About mid-day, observing a
crowd of Indians together with a huge jargon of tongues,
I learned, on inquiry, that a horse was to be killed; a
matter which, it appeared, was always the occasion of a
solemn powwow. On reaching the spot, a poor old beast,
lean and lank, with a lariat about his neck, stood sur-
rounded by some fifty Indians. The squaws were singing,
in stentorian tones, «* Ye ! Ye ! Yup ! Yup ! Lar, lapuly,
yapuly ! " with a repetition that became unendurable, and
drove me to a respectful distance. The horse's fore-legs
were fast bound together, a violent push forward threw
him heavily to the ground, ana he was speedily despatched
with a knife; anticipating, by a few days, the ordinary
course of nature. Soon after my return to the wigwam, a
huge portion of the carcass was sent to our quarters and
hung up, to furnish our next meals! After being duly
dressed by the women, with the aid of the dogs, and
scorched and smoked according to usage, it was served
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 103
up, — my only alternative to starvation. Famine has no
scruples of delicacy ; if the reader is disgusted, he is in a,
state of sympathy with the writer.
Early the next day we (literally) pulled up stakes, and
were on the move ; and, after journeying all day, encamped
in a situation very like the one we left in the morning.
The Indians spent their time, as usual, in gambling and in
combing each other's hair, with a brush made of stiff dry
roots, tied up together. The operator received as a fee
the game captured in the process. The reader will excuse
a more explicit statement of what, though less abominable
than cannibalism, is hardly less repulsive.
One evening our family circle were seated round a fire,
which sent up volumes of smoke sufficiently dense to suit
a savage of the most exacting taste, and which drove me,
as usual, to the back part of the hut, where I lay flat on
my face. One of the chief's wives was inveighing against
me, as was her wont, and a second occasionally joined in
the strain, by way of chorus. A third was cracking the
bones of a guanaco, that her son Cohanaco might eat the
marrow. The fourth and last of the women was attending
to a piece of meat for our supper, fixed on a forked stick,
in the smoke. Two sons were engaged, as usual, in doing
nothing, except occasionally begging a little of the marrow,
and scraping their dirty Tegs with a sheath-knife, by wa^
of diversion ; sundry by -plays, and little pieces of mis
chief, served to fill up the spare minutes. The old chief,
who had been silently regarding the scene, now commenced
talking, in a low, mumbling, guttural tone, to one of his
wives. She was busily eying the toasting-fork, and study-
ing the/process of cooking ; but, at her husband's instance,
9*
104 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
left them, and drew from their repository of tools a sharp-
ened nail fixed in a wooden handle, like an awl. The
chief stretched himself on the ground, face downwards ; a
surgical operation was plainly impending. What could
the matter be ? Had the chief, in the excess of his plump-
ness, burst open, like ripe fruit, requiring to be sewed up ?
I drew my head from beneath the protection I had pro-
vided against the smoke, and rose on my knees, to get a
better view ; the huge, black, greasy monster lay extended
at his full length, his wife pinched up the skin on his
back, pierced it with her awl, and continued the process
till a number of perforations were made, from which the
blood oozed slowly. I asked the meaning of this operation,
and was told by the chief that he had pains in his back,
for which this was the best remedy. Blood-letting, it
seemed, is no monopoly of the faculty. I told him that in
my country we applied, in such cases, a liquid called
opodeldoc, an infallible remedy, and promised to procure
him some when we got to Holland. This was henceforth
added to my list of inducements.
The old fellow righted himself, and leaned against one
of the pillars of his palace ; one of his partners pulled up
the toasting-fork, and jerked the half-roasted and more
than sufficiently smoked meat upon the ground, seized the
knife which the boys had been playing with, and cut the
mess into liberal pieces, which were thrown broadcast on
either side. The chief's appetite did not appear to be
affected either by his indisposition or by the extraordinary
remedy applied ; his portion of the cdrne disappeared
behind his great white teeth with a haste that seemed to
involve no waste.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 105
Rheuiiatic affections, they told me, are very common
among them ; the chief showed me the arm of one of his
wives, which was scarred from the wrist to the shoulder
by the awl ; and the operation was afterwards performed on
other members of the family.
Again we took up the line of march, travelling, as near
as I could judge, west-north-west, and killing a quantity
of game, both guanaco and ostrich. But the hardship of
my life, aggravated by a constant flesh diet, and that eaten
half raw, and at irregular seasons, — often going two days
without food, — had, by this time, brought on a dysentery.
This was no more than I had expected ; but I knew of no
remedy, and had to endure it as I could. "We encamped,
on the second day, near the banks of the river Gallegos ; a
fine spring of water issued from the river-bank into a low
marshy ground, skirting the margin of the stream. By
this time my illness had increased, till I felt unfit to
travel further, and began to think that death could not
be distant. No change of diet was practicable, and there
was nothing to counteract its effect on my system. The
pain and weariness of travelling did their part to aggra-
vate the disorder ; and mental discouragement — the sick-
ness of hope deferred — completed my prostration. No
human being in that desolate land cared for my sufferings,
more than they would for* those of a dog. Worn out with
the constant irritations of a state of existence odious to
every sensibility, tired and disheartened, but for one
thought I could have gladly laid myself down to die,
to get at once and forever beyond the reach of my savage
tormentors. The thought of home, of wife and child, of
friends^and country, and all tte unutterable emotions that
106 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
respond to these precious names, at once tortured and
Strengthened me. These, and the thought that perhaps,
after patient endurance, Divine Providence would restore
me to the objects of my famished affections, made life still
dear. These strengthened me to suffer and to strive.
As I crawled out of the lodge, to look upon the sun, and
breathe the pure air, and be refreshed by breezes untainted
with the breath of cruel men, it came into my mind that
some palatable or even tolerable species of plant or
root would be wholesome for me. On looking about, there
presented itself a specimen of large dock, such as is com-
mon in the United States ; a weed of humble pretensions,
but why not worthy of a trial ? With what strength
remained at command, I began a process of " extracting
roots," with good success. Taking a quantity into the
hut, and roasting them in hot ashes, they were found to
be not distasteful ; I filled my pockets with them, and
abandoned flesh-diet for a little time, to the sensible,
though gradual, relief of my sufferings. Fortunately we
had a season of bad weather, which prevented any advance
movement for four or five days, and gave me time par-
tially to recover strength. I could not sooner have kept
my seat on a horse; and, if the alternative had been
presented, the Indians, as I very well knew, would sooner
have knocked me on the head than have allowed me to
Binder their march for a day. A powwow was held over
another horse, unserviceable alive, and therefore marked
for diet ; but this time I did not compete for any part of
his carcass, my pocket-stores being quite sufficient, and
more attractive, But in the fate of the poor beast J read
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 107
a warning to myself, to make haste and get well enough to
move at the first signal.
Away again, — this time facing about, and passing down
the river. I needed rest; but, at whatever expense of
suffering, needs must when a certain old gentleman drives.
At the next stopping-place my services were called into
requisition in a new department. One forenoon, as I
sauntered towards our wigwam, after a stroll among the
smutty huts, to kill time and divert painful thoughts, I
was hailed from within by the chief, " Arke, Boney ! "
On entering, he appeared to be conversing, in low, gurgling
sounds, with his lately-married daughter, who was running
her hands through the shaggy hair of her young hope, as
she talked. Something was plainly wrong in the young-
ster's top-knot, and some unpleasant task in relation thereto
was as plainly about to be imposed upon me. The chief
resolved my doubts, by ordering me to cut off a portion
of the shag ; I objected a want of the proper implements,
but the mother silenced me by producing an old pair of
scissors, in no condition to cut anything. Calling for a
file, the rusty edges were brought into a tolerable state,
and I approached the task. Such a sight ! If the hair
now would have obeyed a mesmeric pass, without the need
of manual contact, — if the job could be performed with
closed eyes, and insensible nostrils, and absent mind !
Faugh ! I hurried through the penaiue, hiding disgust,
and assuming the appearance of good will, and made good
my escape into tl e fresh air. And so I must turn barber,
and, in all likelihood, have the dirty heads of half the
tribe put under my nose ! What would come next ?
Our next move took us across the river Gallegos, in
108 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
shoal water, be rely up to the horses' knees. The current
was rapid, and nasses of floating ice were swept along with
it. When half way across, my horse took fright, reared,
and, in attempting a sudden turn, precipitated me into the
water, and fell heavily upon me. The ducking and the
bruise together were severe, and, among other disasters, the
crystal of my watch was broken by the shock. This I
had kept carefully secreted, as a last resort, to amuse the
savages when other expedients should fail, — when memory
and invention could yield no more tales, when promises
should have become threadbare with repetition, and when
pretensions of greatness at home should have lost their
power by the every-day disclosure of present weakness and
humiliation.
We — that is to say, myself and the old horse — kicked
and floundered a while in the cold water, till at last the
creature succeeded in rising, and I followed his example.
We waded ashore, dripping, amidst the uproarious laughter
of the whole troop. Once more mounted on my Rosinante,
we resumed our line of march. The chill from my cold
bath so benumbed me that I had to dismount and lead the
horse*, to recover, by brisk walking, some portion of animal
warmth. Our course was down the river towards the At-
lantic. Being unsuccessful in the chase, we pitched our
tents at night, supperless, and without prospect of break-
fasting the next morning. A small fire was lighted, which
I hugged as closely as possible, to thaw my stiffened
limbs ; and then, cold, wet and hungry, fagged to extremity,
cast myself on the gro ind, to repose as I might. The next
monr'ng was stormy. It cleared up in the afternoon, and
the Indians sallied out to find some food. My onlv refresh-
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 109
ment before their return was a little grease, which one of
the squaws scooped out of an ostrich-skin with her dirty
thumb and finger. It was so black that its pedigree —
whether guanaco, ostrich or skunk, or a compound gathered
at random from beast and bird — was a problem defying
solution ; but famine is not fastidious, and I swallowed
greedily what, a few months before, I should hardly have
thought fit to grease shoes with. The men -came back with
a few ostriches and skunks. The chief received as his por-
tion one of tho quadrupeds. The associations connected
with its name, as related to one sense, were not adapted to
prepossess the others in its favor ; but I made shift to do
justice rather to the Indian than to my habitual tastes.
During the three days we remained here, the long-con-
cealed watch was brought to light. The filth of the na-
tives, the condition m which their huts and their persons
were always suffered to remain, the swarms of vermin they
housed, had imposed upon me extraordinary care to prevent
the natural results upon my own person ; but no amount of
precaution was sufficient to avert them. The reader will
excuse me from speaking more particularly on this head.
Enough to say that I found myself intolerably tormented.
The chief ordered an examination of the case, and sent for
an Indian to deal with it according to their art. While
divesting myself of my garments, one by one, for this pur-
pose, the old fellow caught sight of the hidden treasure. I
knew that it was useless to attempt any longer to retain it,
and handed it over. He was vastly pleased with it. I
wound it up, and put it to his ear. He was as delighted at
the unexpected sound as a child with its first rattle. I
explained its use in keeping the hours of the day, but he
110 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
cared for nothing but the ticking. The breaking of the
crystal was explained, and he was informed that another
should be procured as soon as we reached " Holland," —
another inducement, I hoped, to speed our passage there.
The inspection disclosed a state of the cuticle which
would be thought dreadful in a civilized land. The chief,
however, looked as calm as beseemed a surgical examiner,
and in a good-natured guttural exchanged a few words with
his assistant, who placed himself by my side, and fixing his
eyes steadily upon me, begun swinging his hands and'howl-
ing like a wild beast. The comparison was not far out of
the way, for he gave a sudden spring, fastened his teeth on
my neck, and commenced sucking the blood, growling all
the while like a tiger ! For a moment I thought my hour
had come. I weaned the rascal as soon as possible, not
knowing what his taste for blood might come to, if too freely
indulged. It seemed like a refinement upon cannibalism,
but was, in fact, as I soon ascertained, the regular treat-
ment made and provided by Patagonian science for the
relief of severe cutaneous affections.
The chief, all this while, recurred with undiminished
pleasure to the ticking of his new toy. When his curiosity
had at length abated, he returned it to me. I wrapped it
carefully in a rag, and enveloped it afterwards in a young
colt's skin provided for its reception, when, by direction
of its present august proprietor, it was suspended among
other valuables from one of the stakes of the hut, near the
spot where his highness customarily reposed. It was not,
however, allowed long to remain quiet. I was ordered to
take it down and hold it to the ears of all the visitors to the
lodge. Forty times a day it had to come down for this
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. Ill
purpose, till I got so tired of my showman's duty t'lat I
wished the watch in the bottom of the sea. The Indians,
as they listened to its vibrations, would stand in every atti-
tude of silent amazement, their eyes dilated, their counte-
nances lighted up in every feature with delighted wonder
and then break out in a roar of hoarse laughter, the tone of
which strangely contrasted with the infantile simplicity of
their demeanor. The business was dreadfully annoying,
and yet it was plain that a new and almost unbounded
power affecting my destiny was hidden in that little machine.
It had captivated the chief, and struck an awe over the
tribe like the rod of an enchanter. Whether it boded good
or evil, was another question.
Our next move took us in a west-north-west direction,
and in our progress we not only secured abundant game
of the ordinary varieties, but encountered and killed a
young lion, — to use the popular term, — the first living
specimen I had seen in the country. I had seen their skins
in possession of the Indians, and heard stories of their
chase. This was a youthful creature, about the size of a
well-grown calf of six weeks. I was riding side by side
with the chief across a piece of low bushy land, when the
dogs gave token that they scented something uncommon.
We halted, and the chief cried out to the dogs, " Chew !
Chew ! " They were off in a jiffey, rushing hither and
thither through the bushes, barking furiously, and soon
drove the beast from his covert. Other Indians, a little dis-
tance off, ascertaining what was in the wind, made after the
game with a reinforcement of dogs. The chase began in
good earnest. Horses, riders and dogs, from all points of
the compass, were scampering to the scene of actkn, hal-
10
112 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
looing, barking, howling, enough to frighten any unsophis-
ticated lion out of his senses. Some were running full tilt,
to cut off his retreat ; while the hunters, bareheaded, lean-
ing forward in their saddles and urging their horses to their
utmost speed, whirled the bolas about their heads and let
fly with a vengeance, with no other effect than to arrest the
furious animal, and cause him to turn in desperation on
the dogs, and drive them back yelping with pain. Others
of the pack, watching their opportunity, would spring upon
his back and fasten their teeth in his flesh. He brushed
them off with a single stroke of his paw, as if they had been
flies, and was again in motion, halting occasionally to give
fight to his nearest assailant. Now and then the bolas is
hurled at him, but his lithe limbs, though sometimes en-
tangled, are not fettered by it, and his prowess is hardly
diminished. The Indians press around him; the battle
waxes fiercer ; his whole strength is taxed. " Chew ! Chew ! "
roar the savages ; the flagging dogs return fresh to the
onslaught, and, after a hard and unequal contest, the animal
is fairly overborne by numbers, and despatched by the
blows of the Indians. I had kept in the vicinity, but yet
at a respectful distance, and now rode up to view the slain,
amidst the howlings of the wounded dogs and the boisterous
laughter of the hunters. It was a beautiful animal, with
soft, sleek, silvery fur, tipped with black ; the head having
a general resemblance to that of a cat, the eye large and
full, and sparkling with ferocity.
After the Indians had eyed their game r\fficiently, and
talked and laughed and grunted their satisfaction, and con-
gratulated themselves generally on their victory, and sev-
erally on the part each had taken, the body was driven off
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 113
on the back of a horse, and the hunters again spread them-
selves over the country. Some ostriches were soon started
up. The chief drew out his bolas, put spurs to his horse,
and darted away. His mantle fell from his shoulders ; his
long, straight black hair, so coarse that each particular hair
stood independently on end, streamed in the wind; his hid-
eously painted face and body loomed up with grotesque
stateliness, and the deadly missile whirled frantically over
his head. The whizzing weapon is suddenly hurled at his
victim, the chief still sitting erect in his saddle to watch its
effect. His horse suddenly stops, — he dismounts nimbly,
seizes the entangled bird by the throat, and swings it vio-
lently around till its neck is broken. As I rode up he
deposited the great bird on my horse, remounted, and rushed
in pursuit of another. That was killed and also placed in
my keeping, making me a kind of store-ship. Others pur-
sue the guanaco with equal success, till they are satisfied
with their booty. We ride up to a convenient thicket, a
fire is lighted, a portion of the prey is cooked and eaten,
the remnants of the feast and the residue of the game are
duly packed up, and the whole troop is under march for tho
oamp.
114 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
CHAPTER VI.
The chiuf's oratory — A oase of sickness novelly treated — The captive
commissioned as physician to the chief — Dr. Bourne's first and last
patient — Murder — Cannibalism — Another assassination, showing the
perils of medical practice among savages — Sports of the children —
Patagonian farriery — Slender success in the chase — A second struggle
for life.
THE chief occasionally made a speech to his subjects from
the door of his lodge, wherein he invariably inculcated the
duty of hunting industriously to procure meat, and a due
supply of grease, for their families. He never had an
auditor in sight, for his faithful lieges considered the
speech from the throne a decided bore, and, if one happened
to be passing, he was sure to dodge into the nearest hut
till the infliction was over ; but the leathern lungs of the
orator could not fail to make him audible in many of the
wigwams. In length his performances more resembled the
official addresses of our republican rulers than those of his
royal cousins . of Europe, seldom falling short of a full
hour. In style, they came nearer the proclamations of a
crier. He would proceed in a monotonous rumble to the
end of a sentence, and then defy contradiction by repeating
several times, " Comole ! comole ! comole ! " after which ho
paused, as for a reply. No one having the audacity to
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 115
take up his challenge, lie would go on croaking the same
things with tedious iteration. After listening very pa-
tiently to one of his harangues, I inwardly applauded the
taste of his subjects in getting as far as possible out of the
reach of his voice.
One forenoon, as I was beginning to feel impatient to
move, — for every movement seemed to fan the flickering
hope that we would soon reach a place affording some
avenue of escape, and this restlessness always made camp-
life doubly dismal, — the chief informed me that we should
decamp that day. Preparations had commenced, when one
of his daughters came in with a child crying at a tem-
pestuous rate. The version which she gave of his com-
plaints arrested the marching orders. A messenger was
forthwith despatched for one skilled in the healing art.
The physician soon arrived, armed with two small packages
rolled up in pieces of skin, about a foot long and three or
four inches in diameter, which I took to be his medicine-
chest. He walked gravely in, laid down the packages, and
squatted beside the mother, who held the little patient in
her arms. Whatever his ailment might have been, hia
lungs could not have been impaired, for he was roaring like
a young buffalo. Not a word was spoken for some time,
the doctor all the while looking him very steadily in the
eye. Then came a sudden calm, importing that the little
fellow experienced some relief, or, more probably, that he
was exhausted. The doctor ordered an application, — not
of hot water, according to the prescription of Sangrado,
but of a mortar made of clay. The clay was brought, the
anxious mother worked it over with her two hands, spitting
upon it to g've it the requisite moisture, and having re-
116 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
*
duced it to the consistency of thick paint, bedaubed the
little fellow from head to foot, giving him a decidedly
original appearance. He evidently took umbrage at this
unction, and discoursed in his shrillest tones till he was
fairly out of breath. The medicine-chests were opened,
but, instead of medicinal herbs, disclosed only a bunch of
ostrich's sinews and a rattle eight or ten inches long. The
physician ^mmenced fingering the strings, and muttering
almost inaudibly. This lasted four or five minutes, at the
.expiration of which he seized his rattle, and clattered away
furiously for a minute or two, and resumed his place by his
patient, eying him intently as before. He then turned
with an air of importance to the chief, who had been
crouching cross-legged on his couch, leaning forward, with
his arms tightly folded on his breast, and watching anx-
iously the progress of the treatment. The man of skill
broke silence : " I think he is better ; don't you ? " The
chief nodded, and grunted assent. The same appeal was
made to the mother, and received a like response.' Another
plastering was ordered, another burst of melody followed
the application, the mysterious strings were again fingered,
duly followed by the rattle. The parent and grandparent
once more assented to the leech that the child was better.
The chief took out a piece of tobacco, and cut off enough
for about two pipefuls, which was tendered and gratefully
accepted as a professional fee. The strings were tied up
and replaced in their proper receptacle, and the rattle was
shaken with hearty good will, whether by way of finale to
the cure, or as a note of gratitude for the fee, or of triumph
for success, could not easily be guessed. But the prac-
titioner had scarcely evacuated the lodge, before his patient
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. ^ 117
*
broke out more vociferously than ever ; which I thought
would somewhat shake the faith of his guardians in the
treatment he had received. But no ; their confidence in
their medical adviser was not to be blown away by a
breath, or even a tempest. They evidently regarded him
as nearly infallible. His remedies were obviously aimed
more at the imaginations of his spectators than at the body
of his patient, but it was no concern of mine. Patients
among us have to endure more disagreeable applications
than wet clay. The noisy brat became quiet, to our great
relief. He shortly appeared to be quite well, and con-
tinued to thrive for some time, as I had opportunity to
witness.
The tribe went ahead with alacrity, to make up for the
loss of time this sickness occasioned. We moved off an-
other day's journey towards nowhere in particular, and
settled there at night. Then ensued another season of camp
life, feasting and fasting, gambling and quarrelling, and
venting superfluous wrath in an abundance of " Cashuran
cashaly's." The chief was slightly indisposed, and I
amused him with a description of the manner in which our
physicians count the pulse of their patients. He listened
with considerable interest, and sat thoughtfully ruminating
on the matter. He came to an unexpected and alarming
conclusion ; putting this and my story of the opodeldoc to-
gether, he made up his mind that I was a physician myself!
I protested against this inference, fearing that no good
would come of the responsibilities he was inclined to im-
pose on me. But the disclaimer was useless, — he stuck to
the opinion ; and in no long time it was understood through
all the tribe that I was a distinguished doctor.
118 fc THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA
Now, it came to pass, at this critical turn of affairs, that
a certain widow, of pretty ripe years for a Patagonian, was
taken suddenly ill. Her husband had been murdered many
years before by ore of the tribe. She was possessed of
several horses, and, in virtue of this wealth, held an aristo-
cratic position in society. A messenger brought the tidings
to the chief, who ordered me forthwith to set the watch,
and go with him to her residence. I again assured him I
knew nothing of sickness or medicine. He told me he knew
better, and bade me come along without delay. There was
no resisting his will, and I armed myself accordingly with
the " ticking machine," and followed my master on my first
professional visit. On approaching the widow's lodge, our
•ears were greeted with a hideous clamor, which momentarily
increased as we neared the spot. A great crowd of In-
dians, of both sexes, surrounded the wigwam, severally and
collectively making the most villanous noise ever heard.
The crowd was dense, both within and without, but gave
way for the chief and the great foreign physician to enter.
The first order I gave was to stop their singing, whereat
there was a silence so blank that the fall of a pin would
have been audible, — that is, if there had been a floor for it
to fall upon. With what dignity I could command, I
walked up to my patient. There she lay, crouched on a
bit of horse's skin, so withered, shrivelled and contracted,
that it seemed as if a bushel-basket might have covered
her, bed and all. I knelt by her side, drew forth the
watch, grasped her by the wrist, and felt for her pulse.
But, to my surprise. I could not feel it. I fussed and
fumbled a long time, and finally arrived at the mortifying
Conclusion that I way so gnorant as not to know the
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 119
position of the artery ! The patient was frightened at so
unprecedented a proceeding ; but I succeeded in quieting
her fears, though not, alas ! in counting her pulse. How-
ever, it occurred to me that it was all one whether I did
or not ; so, keeping up an imperturbable gravity becoming
my office, I continued for some time to look wisely at the
watch, holding her wrist in profound silence. When I
judged that a due impression had been produced on the
awe-stricken spectators, I ventured to prescribe, not a clay
plaster, for the patient was dirty enough, in all conscience ;
nor yet any compound of drugs, for I had none to ad-
minister ; and as to roots and herbs, I durst not inflict
upon her stomach substances of unknown properties ; but,
after a little thought, I ordered some water heated blood-
warm, and the patient to be washed, and thoroughly
scrubbed, from head to foot. This, I thought, met the most
obvious indications of her case, as I doubt not a whole
college of physicians, upon a superficial view, would have
unanimously agreed. There could not have been a doubt
as to the novelty of the prescription ; the respectable
relict, it is safe to say, had never been washed so thor-
oughly from infancy to that hour. Minute directions
were given for the bath, that the scrubbing should be par-
ticularly smart and thorough. She was furthermore put
upon a strict diet, excluding grease and all such luxuries,
and we slowly retired from the sick room.
My solemnity was not affected, — far from it. Promotion
from barber and showman to the dignity of physician to
the chief, was too dangerous to be lightly considered. In
fact, anxiety drove sleep from my eyes, and I fervently
prayed for the recovery of the widow ; fearing, from what
120 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
I knew of the superstitions of the savages, that in case of
her death I should be held responsible. In this particular
case, as very soon appeared, I misjudged ; but of the
general principle I had startling confirmation.
The widow was better, — my prescription worked to a
charm, — but her days were shortened. Late one night,
after we had all retired to rest, a ferocious-looking rascal
came into the chief's lodge ; he muttered a few words to
the chief, who arose, and went with him to the front of tne
wigwam. They conversed in a low tone several minutes,
and separated, apparently with mutual satisfaction. I
sounded the chief cautiously in reference to the matter in
hand. Calmly, and without reserve, as if it were a very
ordinary transaction, he said that the savages wished to
kill the widow, in order to possess themselves of her horses,
which they wanted to eat. 1 asked no further questions,
being fully satisfied that he connived at the dark deed,
which was consummated without delay. Before this tragic
result, I had taken pains to disabuse the mind of the chief
as to my supposed medical skill, and was able to relieve
myself of the dangerous and burdensome honor.
Strange flesh was eaten by the Indians about this time ;
I was told it was lion-meat, but was not invited to partake
of it. The same thing was observed several times; at
times, too, when I was positive they had killed no wild
animals without my knowledge, or which were not disposed
of openly. The nature of my suspicions may be easily
conjectured ; yet I made no inquiries, in even the most
casual manner, as to their disposition of their dead. It
was painful to think of the atrocities, that were but too
profcably shrouded under the mystery they cast over these
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. . 121
transactions. On one occasion, however, a young Indian,
who could speak a few words of Spanish and English, told
me that they had killed and eaten three men. Whether
he meant to have me understand this as a singular case, or
as a common action of the tribe, I do not know ; I made
no inquiries of him. In fact, the statement was volun-
teered by him ; and so painful was the subject, that I left
him abruptly, in the middle of a sentence.
We again moved in a north-westerly direction, taking
a goodly quantity of game on the route, and settled in a
wretched, marshy spot. The wind was high, and made the
tents quiver like a ship in a gale ; a storm set in, beating
through the roofs, drenching and chilling me through all
the night. On the evening of the second day of our en-
campment here, an incident occurred which fearfully con-
firmed the wisdom of my decision to renounce all title to
medical skill. As I was seated by the dying embers of a
little fire, surrounded by our motley household, and tug-
ging manfully at a bit of half-raw meat, which constituted
my evening meal, while a large piece was in process of
cooking over the fire, we were suddenly startled by a cry
of distress, followed by the distinct alarm of murder. The
chief drew back to the rear of his lodge, took down his
cutlass, and ordered me back from the fire, which was at
once extinguished by two of his squaws, while the other
two ran to the door, and set up a loud, lamentable wailing.
All the women throughout the camp were, in like manner,
giving their voices to the air, and " making night hideous ; "
and not a male Indian ventured to show his head for an
•
hour or more. It was to me an houi of fearful suspense,
the agony of which I cannot describe. At last a man came
122 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
and told the chief that a doctor had been murdered. He
had visited a woman professionally, and treated her case
with charms and spells, but his prescriptions effected no
satisfactory result ; and her husband went in a rage to his
lodge, and stabbed him with repeated blows, to make the
work of death more sure. It was a singular circumstance,
that men capable of deliberate murder, and who had so
recently, with the tacit or open sanction of the chief,
strangled a woman for her horses, should have shown so
much alarm at the cry of murder on this occasion. The
victim was an enormously fat man, weighing, I should
judge, nearly four hundred pounds. A horrible sight pre-
sented itself the next morning, on going out of our hut ;
the snow around the doctor's lodge was saturated with his
blood. I drew back from the sickening spectacle, unable
to look upon it with composure. Beyond their exhibition
of stupid terror in the night, no notice was" taken of the
act; and about noon the camp broke up. We travelled
till night, meeting with no success in the chase, and en-
camped on an extensive plain, near a good spring of
water.
It was an occasional diversion to watch the children at
their sports, of which a favorite one was throwing os-
triches' feet, with the sinews of the legs attached. The
toes are cut off, and a pair of the feet are tied together,
with a piece of sinew about a yard long. The children
begin to practise the sport as soon as they are able to
walk, and will continue the amusement all day ; one boy
throwing them into the air, and others throwing and hit-
ting them as they fly, therein serving an apprenticeship
to the grand manly accomplishment of hurling the bolas.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 123
Young Cohanaco, the chief's youngest son, appeared to
excel all others ; he was looked upon as a remarkably
smart and very active lad; and, though ho was six or
eight years old, was not yet weaned ! All the tribe fondled
and caressed him ; he would practise with the boys, often
without any covering to his back, till excited and almost
exhausted; then he would run into the lodge, take re-
freshment at his mother's breast, and speedily return to
his sport.
All this time HollaTid was not forgotten, but the chief
and his lieges were continually reminded of the urgent
reasons for taking me there without delay; the presents
which could only be obtained there, the fearful conse-
quences of suffering me to come to harm, the great ships
with the big guns, &c. &c., that would assuredly avenge
me upon the whole tribe, — with what effect, beyond allay-
ing present irritations and discontents that threatened me,
it was impossible to determine.
A novel sample of farriery offered, itself to my observ-
ation one day, while hunting with the chief; my old
horse, on a sudden, began to hobble, and very nearly gave
out. I watched him some time, and jolted on, suffering
somewhat from his uneven movements, but could not dis-
cern the occasion of the difficulty. On dismounting and
examining his feet, nothing serious was perceptible, except
that the hoofs were worse for wear, and broomed up a
little. I remounted, and gave the poor creature a smart
drubbing, to overtake his owner, if possible, and consult
him on the case, which was one wherein I was content to
defer to his wiser judgment. Sufficient steam was raised
to bring us abreast of the chief, who, on hearing what was
11
121 THE CAPTIVE TN PATAGONIA.
the matter, put spurs to his hcrse, and told me to come on
— "Bueno caballo, se campo, campo." I /riod to comply,
but it was hard starting the beast, though I used up consid-
erable wood to that end. The chief having got far in
advance, and finding me desperately in arrears, hove to,
and waited for me. I toiled on, and succeeded in working
a passage to his position. He dismounted, inspected the
horse's feet, and, directing me to wait his return, rode off.
He soon reappeared with a piece of guanaco-skin, which he
tied securely about the hoof of the lame foot. I expressed
some surprise at this method of shoeing horses ; but he said,
" Buenos zapatos," — good shoes, — and the event confirmed
his words. The lameness nearly disappeared, and we jogged
on together without any further trouble.
While at this camping-ground, the chief one morning
arose in a towering passion at some words let fall by one
of his wives, and exhibited another sample of the rigor of.
matrimonial discipline, very similar to that which graced
the nuptials of his daughter. He gave her a tremendous
beating, which seemed enough to kill her outright ; but she
took it very calmly, as a sort of necessary evil incident to
the married state.
Once more on the move, the squaws taking charge of the
furniture and baggage, including the pappooses, and the
men riding in advance as usual, to chase supplies for the
larder. Game was scarce ; we got a couple of ostriches and
a skunk, — or a couple of skunks and an ostrich, I forgei
which, and it makes less difference to the reader than at thj
time it did to me. We cooked and lunched on the ground
and turned our faces homeward with the scanty remainder.
The women were busy erecting the wigwams. The ground
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 125
was frozen, and a large iron bolt, doubtless from some
wreck, served as a crowbar to dig holes for the stakes. The
encampment was on a hill-side, near a low swamp, which
furnished abundance of water, such as it was.
We had scarcely settled down, and I was dreading the
stagnant monotony of camp life, when dulness was dis-
pelled in a most unwelcome manner. Knots of Indians
could be seen in murmuring conversation, whose glances
betrayed the bent of their passions. They were again get-
ting impatient of my life, and caresses and flattery were of
no avail to stem the rising tide. On the evening of the
third day, I was summoned out of the lodge by the chief, and
followed him in silence, with a trembling presentiment of
evil. He led me to a spot where twenty or thirty leading
spirits in the tribe sat ranged in a circle, — the fatal ring
was once more set to ensnare me ! Once I had escaped.
Was it possible to effect a second escape ? " Everything
said no. The chances Seemed a hundred to one against it,
What had I left unsaid, to tempt their cupidity, to excite
alarm, to make them value my safety or dread the effects
of harming me ? I could think of nothing, and the dismal
prospect benumbed every faculty of my soul. But, as I
entered the ominous circle, an access of fresh strength, the
courage of desperation, enabled me to bear up with energy
against perplexity and fear ; to resolve that I would meet
them with a steadfast eye and an inflexible mind, — a force
which, though springing out of weakness, should prove
stronger than their utmost malice.
Having seated myself near the chief, the consultation
began and proceeded much as before, but with increased
vehemence. Their demonstrations were alarming, but, to
126 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
my joy, the nhief took the same view as in the former coun-
cil. Would he be able to restrain their savage tempers ?
His power was great, but there was a limit to its effect, and
I feared. In my turn I sought to enforce his views, by
arraying all the motives invention could produce, and was
able to perceive that they had some weight. Again the
matter was canvassed around the ring. There was a hesi-
tation, as if they felt suspicious and unsatisfied. Then they
began to cross-examine me ; my promises were not explicit
enough. What did I mean to give them? The answer
did not content them; they wanted more. More or less
made no difference to me, and I gave them assurance of all
the good things they craved, when we should arrive at Hol-
land. Another talk followed, and brought them to a pretty
unanimous conclusion, that they would get the presents first,
and decide my fate afterwards; — a " squeeze-your-orange-
and-throw-it-away " policy, in which these rascals seemed
to be remarkable adepts.
The natives had no idea that I could understand their
talk, and I was not at all eager to display my acquisitions.
In fact, though unable to speak their jargon, my ear had
become pretty well trained to interpret it, while my scraps
of half Spanish enabled me, without suspicion, to hear,
mark and digest, much of their conversation. This was, in
part, acquired in teaching some of them, the youth espec-
ially, to speak English and to count, — a pursuit in which
[ engaged partly for their benefit, and partly for my own.
Besides aiding me in learning their language, it tended, so
far as it diverted their attention, to keep mischief out of
Iheir heads, after the manner in which constant employment
maintains order in a ship's crew. It added to my knowl-
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 127
edge of their character and ways of thinking, so that, in
dangerous emergencies, I was able to detect the first symp-
toms of evil. More than once it enabled me to elude or to
nip in the bud dangerous conspiracies, which, if they had
gone further, might have proved fatal to me. Circumspec-
tion made self-possession more easy. I will confess —
though the narrative may have made confession needless —
that I am naturally timid, and inclined to the better part of
valor. Yet somehow — God helping me — I early learned
.0 hide my constitutional timidity under a show of fearless-
ness, even in circumstances of great peril. More than once,
when a savage drew his knife at me, have I looked him in
the eye and disarmed him by a laugh ; perhaps laying hold
of the instrument of death, trying its edge and praising its
qualities, till its owner was shamed into quiet. One piece
of English that tickled the chief was the title of " Old Boy,"
with which (from a conviction of its appropriateness) I
early honored him, and which he appeared to relish as much
as if I had called him " His Majesty."
The council, to my great relief, at length broke up, and I
returned to my wretched shelter. The chief pointed to my
bed, and bade me lie down. I complied, not to sleep, but
to adore the Providence that had twice rescued me as from
the very jaws of death, to reflect on the past and to specu
late on the future. The excitement of the evening kept
ma wakeful, and the night wore away and the morning
dawned, without sleep for a moment visiting my eyes.
11*
128 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
CHAPTER VII.
A new torture — Bloody gossip — An explosion nearly fatal — Pica of in-
sanity— Recocciliation — River Santa Cruz — Naval architecture —
Original mode of ferrying — Accident — Ominous demonstrations there-
upon — Perilous superstition — Plans of escape — The chief fighting hia
battles over again — Prospects brighten — A blind hint to naturalists.
FROM this point we moved again in a north-westerly di-
rection, finding game more plenty, and among other animals
captured a species of fox, the first I had seen in the country.
The camping-ground selected was a waste more desolate
than had yet greeted my sight, even in Patagonia, • — a
low marsh, surrounded by sand-hills destitute of even the
semblance or vestige of vegetation, past or present. The
horses were let loose to solve the problem of existence as
they could, while my landladies, with their canine assist-
ants, served up a skunk and two ostrich-legs for supper.
I thought myself fortunate at getting so ample a meal, hav-
ing been on short allowance the preceding day.
Here a new torture was inflicted. There had been abun-
dance of voluble hatred against me, as I had too good
reason to know, but it was around and behind me. Now,
presuming, doubtless, on my ignorance of their language,
they cane to utter their bloodthirsty thoughts in my
presence. At night, before retiring, the women began to
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 129
talk against me, as usual ; which never gave me much un-
easiness, female opinion not having much force, I suspected,
in affairs of state. Two of them had always appeared to
bear me a mortal grudge, for what cause I could not con-
jecture, unless they thought I took up too much of his
highness' time, or exerted too much influence over him.
But, on the present occasion, the conference was enlarged
by the entrance of two or three visitors, whose only errand
seemed to be to give the chief gratuitous advice touching
the disposal of my person. Though perfectly comprehend-
ing the drift of their remarks, 1 looked as stupid as possible,
and bent myself to caress and flatter the old fellow with
more than common servility; — patting his breast, telling
him what a big, good heart it contained, calling him my
compadre, and myself his child, his piconine, his muchacJio.
So deep was my abasement ! To talk of the goodness of a
heart beating with cruelty and black with crime ! To call
that black, greasy, depraved monster my father, and my-
self his dutiful and affectionate son ! It is humiliating to
speak of this ; — what, let the reader imagine, must it have
been to feel it ! The bruised reed was well-nigh broken.
The courage that sustained me in sharp trials was frittered
away piecemeal by incessant irritation. Hope, that kept
me from fainting in the fatal ring, vanished with the occa-
sion that invoked it, and a bitter, consuming despair
hovered over me. Then came dark and distracting thoughts
of home, now more distant than ever, to stab my heart,
already faint and bleeding. Again was sleep driven from
me, but the night passed, and the blessed light of day stole
upon me, as with a benediction from heaven.
I arose and rushed into the open air to warm myself by
130 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
exercise, and when the fire was lighted comforted myself
by its kindly heat, and recovered a measure of buoyancy.
But the day was wearily spent, and night brought the mer-
ciless gossips once more into the lodge. The two squaws
led off with words of the most fiendish hate, urging that I
should be summarily despatched, and gloating over an-
ticipated vengeance. Tempestuous thoughts and sleepless
hours had weakened me in body and mind. The fall of
successive drops of water will madden the stoutest brain,
and the drop too much had now lighted on my head. I
was frenzied ; strong passions, hitherto held in check, over-
mastered me. I rose, threw my cap violently on the
ground, stamped, gnashed my teeth, and cursed without
restraint. I shook my fists at them, defied their malice,
and raved for several minutes, reckless of consequences.
What was life to me ? They were killing me by inches.
Let them do their worst, no matter how soon. The chief
was at first startled at such an explosion, and sat looking
fixedly upon me, with a dark and clouded brow. It was
fortunate that my rage was too impetuous to be contained
within the bounds of my Indian-Spanish vocabulary, but
breathed itself in good strong Saxon, so that speech could
not betray me. For no sooner had the internal pressure
been measurably relieved, than a sudden consciousness of
error — fatal error — smote me with a new dread. What
had I done ? Where were my wits, that I should thus toss
away life to gratify impotent anger ? If my chance of life
was worth little to myself, was it worth nothing to others,
that I should so trifle with it ? With returning sanity of
feeling came also a hint of the way to repair my wrong.
Without waiting for any questions or wordy explanations,
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 131
1 looked pi 3C islj at the chief, pointed to my head, and
assured hin. it was disordered. I could not help my
actions. I was sorry to make such an exhibition of myself,
but it was all my poor head ; and holding on to the poor
head with one hand, I beat it reproachfully with the other,
at the same time giving vent to some unearthly noises
by way of corroboration. The old fellow looked rather
dubiously at this change of scene, and asked if it was at
them I shook my fists ? — At them -?j- No, no ! they did not
understand me. My heart was good, like his, but it was
all my head, my poor naughty cabezn. Another thump on
my cranium, and a second edition of the howl, proved suffi-
cient. The plea of insanity was admitted ; he expressed
himself satisfied, and explained the incident to the amazed
spectators. I drew a long breath with a returning sense
of security, scarcely crediting the success of the artifice,
and almost doubting whether the whole scene were not a
dream. Heal or unreal, it was over, and things were ap-
parently on their former footing. Only my feminine foes
would not be convinced, and added this crowning indis-
cretion to the list of my offences.
We moved the next day in a northerly direction, and
struck the river Santa Cruz, encamping about an eighth of
a mile from its marshy banks, which, at this point, were
bent in a broad, horse-shoe curve. We were surrounded,
except on the river side, by high abrupt sand-banks, covered
in part by underbrush of a stunted growth. The river was
narrow, but deep and rapid. The Indians said it was the
Santa Ca -Z. and that it led directly to " Holland ; " but
their lies ahout that same Dutch land had long since de-
stroyed aL faith in their words. That it was the Santa
132 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
Cruz was p:obable, for I knew of no other river in these
parts; — we nad passed Corey Inlet and the Gallegos.
The rest of the story I could only try to credit. I tried to
urge them on, but they were not to be hurried. Some of
them grumbled that I had no intention of giving them
anything, but meant to slip from them the first opportunity.
No wonder they thought so; they certainly had not laid
me under very great obligations of gratitude. What on
earth they wanted of me, unless to fat and eat me, was
past conjecture ; and my fare had not been of a nature to
induce corpulence, so that this supposition was not trust-
worthy. They said they wanted me to help steal horses.
They were bound for the Rio Negro, where they meant to
steal seven hundred horses, of which number I was to get
two. Certainly, I told them, it would be just the thing ;
and that was a most excellent reason for going to " Hol-
land." They would find me a rare thief; but, however it
might be with them, I could not steal without a good stock
of rum and tobacco. Was I insincere in all this ? The
reader may smile or may frown, but it was my purpose, if
I failed to escape by way of " Holland," to humor them to
the top of their bent ; to ride, hunt, and even steal my way
into their confidence ; — any way to insure present safety,
and keep an eye open for future opportunities.
Three or four days were passed in suspense, which was
at last terminated by taking our line of march down the
river. We halted at noon, at a point where he banks
sloped gently to the water's edge, on «ither side of the
deep and narrow channel. Active preparations'were here
commenced for crossing. Part of the horses were driven
across the river, wh Jat a portion of the tribe were occupied
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 133
in building boats to ferry their families and goods across.
Their boats are constructed after a simple fashion. A
quantity of bushes are cut and dragged down to the margin
of the water. They take four tent-stakes, and lay them so
as to enclose an area eight feet square, lashing them firmly
together at the four corners. Four Indians then raise the
stakes from the ground, while others place the skin cover-
ing of the tent over the frame, allowing it to sag down
three or four feet. The edges of the skin are brought over
the stakes, and fastened on the inside. The bushes, made
ready for the purpose, are placed within, tops downward,
round the entire circumference, and secured to the stakes,
iill the boat is completely timbered up. The bushes keep
ihe skin distended, and give to the vessel an oval shape, so
that, though square at the top, it bears a striking resem-
blance to a large iron pot. Its length and its breadth of
beam are of course equal. When completed, it is firmly
lashed from stem to sternpost, and from side to side, with a
lariat, or green hide rope, forty feet long, to keep it from
spreading or racking. I had no hand in modelling this
witch of the wave, but, like an apprentice, did as I was
ordered in forwarding the structure, and, when nothing else
was required, " held on to the slack." It was at last com-
pleted, like the temple of Solomon, without the sound of
axe or hammer ; neither bolts, tr'enails nor caulking-iron,
were required. We carried the barge down, and launched
iier in the stream. Two paddles were made by lashing two
bladebones of the guanaco to sticks. Squaws, pappooses
and baggage, were stowed away, till the boat was laden to
the water's edge. I was directed to take passage with the
family and household effects of the chief, and seated myself
134 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
in the centre of the closely-packed craft. One end of a
lariat was fastened to the boat, and the other tied to the
tail of a horse. A savage mounted, with one rein attached
to the wooden bit on the up-stream side. Two others took
the oars, one on each side, and a squaw was stationed on
the top-gallant forecastle for the purpose of singing, to
insure good luck. All is ready. The old horse wades till
the depth of water compels him to swim, and the boat is
pushed off. The rider floats on the horse's back, kicking
the water with his feet, holding the rein in one hand, and
grasping the mane with the other. " Chew ! chew ! " he
shouts, at the top of his voice. The black swan in the
forecastle opens her capacious mouth and sings, " Yek yah,
youri miti ! yek yah youri miti ! " The two oarsmen dig
away with might and main, while the younger fry swell the
chorus with a " Yah ! yah ! yah ! " The boat brings some
heavy lurches to the windward, then yaws off to leeward ;
all owing to those lubberly oarsmen not meeting her with
the helm in season. At length, after innumerable shifting^
we reached the opposite shore, and waded up on dry land.
Several boats were constructed after the same unique
model, and succeeded in crossing safely. Some of the
horses, being better adapted to towing, were swam back to
repeat the process, and our craft returned for a second
freight. I watched the proceedings from the bank with
intense interest, speculating on the probable consequences
of an accident to any of the fleet. Such was their super-
stition, that, in the event of any ill befalling them, they
would be quite likely to ascribe it to me, and serve me
worse than Jonah was treated by his shipmates. The
swiftness of the current, and the rudeness of their navi-
•
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 137
gallon, made them so liable to mischief, that it seemel wise
10 prepare for it; and I at once began ingratiating myself
with two of the worst fellows in the whole tribe, by pro-
fessions of special good will and admiration for them, and
confidential hints that they would share more liberally in
the bounties of " Holland " than any of their fellows.
Whilst thus engaged, with cautious glances across the
river, to make sure that all was right, I perceived that
there was quite a commotion among the people below;
some were springing upon their horses, — others, ready
mounted, were dashing furiously down the bank. On look-
ing some distance below, a boat appeared to be in distress;
the lariat that bound it together had snapped asunder, and
the pressure within, and the strain of the horse without,
had broken the front stake; the horse, lelieved of his
freight, pulled for the shore, and could neither be coaxed
nor beaten into a return to duty. The horsemen on the
banks dashed into the stream, and swam for the wreck,
which contained, among other passengers, a young child.
It was already filled with water, and was partially turned
on her side. The surface of the river was dotted with
dark forms, struggling with the mad current ; one horse-
man after another each grasped a floating object, and
made for the shore. The craft had drifted nearly half a
mile, and nothing could be made out very distinctly. The
squaws, on first perceiving the mischance, watched the
wreck, and sung in a loud and plaintive strain, all the
while casting unfriendly glances at me, and gradually ap-
proaching the place where I stood. My apprehensions
were so far confirmed by this movement, that I i bid John
(the name I gave one^f my present particular friends),
12
138 TB*1 CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
as he loved rum and tobacco, and expected to get any, not
to leave me. John saw at a glance what was in the wind,
and appreciated both the immediate danger and tt ••;, ulti-
mate reward of averting it ; namely, the privilege c f being
gloriously drunk at my expense. He told me to go into
his hut, and pointed me to the furthest corner; where,
I being duly ensconced, he took his station, cutlass in hand,
directly in front of me. The singing grew louder, and the
voices more numerous about the door ; the song was their
regular powwow strain, which invariably preluded the
killing of a horse. The Indians began to enter the lodge,
and looked unutterable things in the direction where I
was crouching ; the wigwam was soon filled with them, and
they were beginning to crowd towards me, when old John
opened upon them, and told them they ought to be ashamed
of themselves, to come in there in that manner ; they did
not even know what had happened, — they did not know
whether any lives were lost. They were threatening on
account of the death of a child, when, for aught they
knew, the chilol was alive ; they had better wait patiently,
till they knew more about the matter, before they made
any further uproar about it. In this strain he parleyed
with them for some time, till they concluded to retire,
uttering, as they went, the most horrible sounds. I felt
less relief from their absence than if John had not, by im-
plication, fully assented that if the brat was drowned, my
life should answer for it. News soon came that the
children were all F .ife, but that the boat was lost.
An instant change ensued : the fire appeared to be
quenched, but I feared it mig. t break out at any moment
afresh. Knowing their treachery, I kept a pretty sus-
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONDL 139
picious watch on their movements ; the chief soon came
jver the river, hurried, perhaps, in his movements by the
accident, which he had witnessed from the opposite shore.
After conferring with John, and giving him some instruc-
tions, and seeing that all was right, he reembarked for the
other shore, as he made it his special business to see that
all were passed across in safety. The ferrying ceased as
night came on ; the chief was likely to be on the opposite
side all night, as there was a good day's work yet to be
done before the whole would be transported. I had over-
heard him giving special orders to keep a good look-out
on me during the night. I felt, however, some uneasiness
in his absence ; he had been my most powerful protector,
having twice, at least, saved me from imminent death.
I now began to revolve in my mind the possibility of
escape ; the thought suggested itself that I might steal
one of their boats, and drift down the stream. I was long
since heartily tired of captivity ; my situation, especially
if I was to be held a hostage of Providence for the safe
ferriage of the tribe, was desperate. But, on second
thought, I did not know that this was certainly the Santa
Cruz ; if it was, I was furthermore ignorant of our dis-
tance from the sea. I knew of no white settlement on or
near the river ; none, I remembered, was laid down in
the chart ; if such a settlement existed, I might hope to
reach it in a boat, but a voyage in such a craft as one of
these would be as hazardous as that of the wise men of
Gotham. If there was no such settlement, and "Holland"
was Patagouian for Utopia, my only chance, short of drift-
ing in my leathern sack out to sea, would be to land on
some island, in case an island there were ; and then what
140 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
should I live on, after landing ? Berries I had never seen,
except once or twice. Besides, my stolen craft could not
be paddled, — the Indians had too good ears for that ; I
mu?t follow the channel passively, through all its course,
which was terribly crooked, while its rapidity increased
the risk that the ungainly vehicle would be disabled. On
the whole, it was so doubtful whether I could reach any
particular place, or escape starvation after I got there,
and so certain that failure would be death, the project
seemed a forlorn hope. But then, again, it was not more
forlorn than my present situation ; so my poor mind
vibrated between dangers, — the danger of remaining where
I was, — the danger that I should escape only from the
frying-pan into the fire. At last, as I felt the frying-pan,
and only feared the fire, I concluded to try.
Crawling as noiselessly as possible from my resting-
place, I stole softly out, and made for the river. Alack !
in calculating the chances, I had not once thought of four-
footed enemies, and they were upon me before I was half-
way to the shore, — a half-dozen dogs, barking loud enough
to wake the whole encampment. I retreated incontinently
to the lodge, and succeeded in getting quietly into my
quarters again, not without some inward spasms. It was
all for the best, no doubt, but it was not, just then, easy
to think so, or possible to feel so ; and, therefore, after a
little time, I once more emerged from the lodge, and stole
towards the river 'by a different track, hoping to elude
those infernal dogs ; but they, or some others, were on
the alsrt, and came pell-mell upon my rear, barking more
uproariously than before. I cursed the dogs, their masters,
and my own folly, and gave up the attempt.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 141
The ferrying recommenced the next morning; and be-
fore D ght the whole tribe were safely landed, with their
effects, on the west side of the river, and their wig rams
were all pitched. We were short of provisions ; but this
was a common case, and I was accustomed to it. I got an
occasional morsel of grease, sufficient to keep starvation
at bay; but illness, with bad and insufficient food, had
greatly emaciated me, till I was a spectacle but few de-
grees above the living skeleton. But hope was still in
the ascendant, and I had no idea of lying down to die till
I was quite sure my time had come. We continued our
wanderings the next day in a westerly direction, slaying
every living creature that came within reach, from a
skunk to a guanaco. This was a great disappointment, as
I hoped we should go down the river, the direction in
which they said " Holland " lay, and the only direction in
which we were likely to strike a white settlement, if any
existed on the Atlantic coast. But my remonstrances on
this head were vain ; they would go where they pleased,
and I must go with them. Time dragged heavily ; hours
seemed days, and days weeks. But impatience is no
virtue, and submission was imperative.
The country hereabout was more broken and mountain-
ous than any we had before traversed, with a more abun-
dant growth of bushes, and some clumps of stunted trees
here and there. As we proceeded, keeping still to the
north-west, game was more plenty. We came to two
ponds, or small lakes, one of not more than four acres in
extent, the other considerably larger; the latter was
phallor, at least near the shore, as some ostriches pursued
12*
142 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
by the Indians ran into it, and their pursue s waded after,
and succeeded in capturing them.
At one time I observed a large .scar in the calf of the
chief's leg; the mark of a wound that must have been
inflicted a long time before, as it was completely healed.
Its depression was so great as to indicate a very severe
cut, unless the old fellow had grown uncommonly fat since
he received it. On inquiring the cause of it, he said it
was from a wound inflicted by the Alanagros, a tribe in-
habiting a cour.try to the northward. The name he gave
them signifies t le blacks ; and, from the manner in which
he spoke of thim, I inferred they were in some respects
superior to the Patagonians. He said they were armed
with cutlasses, and very long knives, — had tobacco, and
plenty of horses; and I conjectured that they might have
been a party of Spanish Americans, or ,one of the mixed
races of Spanish origin. The fight, he said, arose on occa-
sion of his tribe being on a horse-stealing expedition ; they
encamped a short distance off, and at night he made a
descent on the Alanagros, killed some of them, and plun-
dered their camp, carrying off many of their horses. The
plundered tribe rallied, hotly pursued them, and recap-
tured a part of the booty ; in the struggle wounding him
with a cutlass, and, as I judged by appearances, cutting to
the bone. He told the story with great spirit, slashing
right and left, and grunting with extraordinary emphasis,
as if to give an impression that good hard blows were
given and taken; but I afterwards learned that it was
a cowardly running fight, in which more sweat than blood
was spilled.
Nothing of importance occurred at our encampment near
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 113
the lakes, except — what was a verj noteworthy fact with
me — such an abundance of ostrich that I was surfeited
with the delicious fare, and was compelled by the chiei' to
take a horse-rein emetic, — a more precise description of
which the rsader will have no difficulty in excusing. Had
I not so completely disavowed the medical character, the
chief might probably have allowed me to feel my own pulse,
— if I could find it, — and to prescribe for myself; but the
renunciation of professional honors brought me under the
sanitary, as veil as the political, jurisdiction of Parosilver.
Our line of march was now in a northerly direction, soon
deflecting to the eastward, — a movement that revived my
sinking hopes, There -seemed to be some prospect of strik-
ing the Atlan:ic coast, and coming within reach of civilized
men. On our way we observed the tracks of some animals
different from any I had met with. The chief said it was
the limerer, wi th which lucid definition I was fain to be con-
tent ; and, as no specimens were visible, the inquisitive
naturalist must trust to his imagination for the rest.
144 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
CHAPTER VIII.
Retrograde march — A look-cut ahead — New specimens of birds ob-
served — To the right again -- Large inducements to visit Holland —
Apparent effect — Council — Other tribes of Indians — Story of a bat-
tle — Capture of wild horses — A royal speech worth hearing — Dep-
utation to Holland — A start and a sudden halt — Journey commenced
in earnest — Order of arrangements — First view of Holland — A
weary day and night — A boat — A short parley — Swimming for life
and liberty — A rescue — Farewell to Patagonia.
MY hopes were soon cast down, by a decided movement
to the westward. Every step, I was convinced, lengthened
the distance between me and the spot where my most ear-
nest wishes centred ; for, though I knew not of any settle-
ments in this barren region, yet it was pretty certain that
if there was one it must be sought in the line of the Santa
Cruz. Of our latitude and longitude I could form no deci-
sive judgment ; but by the aid of the sun, of which occa-
sional glimpses were caught, it was easy to take note of our
direction, and I never retired to rest without taking land-
marks, and satisfying myself as nearly as possible as to our
whereabouts. At night there was a renewal of the discus-
sions which had once so nearly turned my brain,. and now at
times came near verifying the plea which then saved me
from destruction ; but I was enabled to keep my feelings in
more equal check. Disappointed aid care-worn, I spent the
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 145
night in commending myself t3 the mercy and good provi-
dence of God, praying that he would soften the heart of
the savage and open a way of deliverance.
Among other matters that excited my curiosity, I was
anxious to know whether the Indians were expert swimmers.
The only occasion on which I had seen them attempt it was
at the time of the accident in crossing the river. Then two
of them swam across, while the others floated on their
horses' backs, clinging to the mane. In answer to some
questions dropped on the subject, the chief assured me that
they were all expert swimmers, and could stretch off a long
distance without resting, as they would show me, but that
the coldness of the season made the experiment too unpleas-
ant. Others of the tribe told the same story. The ques-
tion was interesting, for obvious reasons. I had thought a
time might come when it would be a very practical one.
Some new specimens of birds made their appearance from
time to time. One was a large black bird, resembling the
turkey-buzzard, and subsisting on carrion. Another resem-
bled the snow-birds of the north. I had also seen, near the
sea-shore and by the lakes, several species of water-fowl, —
one not unlike the wild goose, but the chief said they were
not good for food.
Our course, the next day, was northward, and the day fol-
lowing turned once more decidedly towards the east, whereat
my hopes, varying with the compass, began to revive,
though their buoyancy was tempered by experience of the
uncertainty^ of Indian movements. Observing a spot cov-
ered with small trees, over which a great number of carrion
birds hovered, we approached and found the carcass of a
poor old guanaco, which had most 1 ikely paid the debt of
146 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
nature without compulsion, and was stripped of itt flesh by
the birds. The chief broke some of the bones and eagerly
sucked the marrow, and then picked up the remainder to
add to the domestic stock of grease.
At the close of the next day we brought up at a ravine,
and found our camp by following it a short distance to a
low flat. Proceeding to the eastward all the next day, we
ascended a high eminence, from ^hich the chief pointed in a
south-westerly direction, and said that " Holland " lay there.
I strained my eyes in the quarter indicated, without, how-
ever, making any discoveries, and with a strong disposition
to think the Old Boy was hoaxing me. At dark we denied
down a steep, declivity, and pitched our tents on the border
of an extensive marsh covered with ice. Here I renewed
my arguments for speeding our way to the promised land,
dilating on the qualities of the promised rum in a style
that would have astonished the advocates of the Maine
liquor law, and impaired the confidence of those who had
reasonably regarded me as a strict temperance man. Indeed,
the antics and grimace with which I enforced the description,
and illustrated the jovial effects of the creature, — the boasts
of how I would teach them, by its aid, to throw the lasso,
and perform most astonishing feats of horse-stealing and
riding, — might have induced a suspicion that I knew more
of it than mere observation or fancy could teach. But,
however it may affect my reader, it produced unmistakable
contentment and satisfaction to my Patagonian auditors;
and that was what I aimed at. Q'hey looked and listened
with watering mouths and hoarse laughter, giving token
that the balmy description was appreciated to a most desir-
able degree. So evident was the impressioi that I spent
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA 147
the next day running about and giving line upon line to the
most influential of the tribe, and succeeded, as I thought, in
awakening a degree of enthusiasm to move towards the
place where all these good things were to be got. In con-
firmation of this, I had the satisfaction of being called at
night to attend a solemn council.
It was a peaceful gathering, — they left their weapons
behind, — but it contemplated only a sort of preliminary
inquiry ; the Patagonians know how to make their forms of
procedure as tedious as any of our courts of law, summary
as are many of their dealings. They examined and cross-
examined very strictly, sifting my story with a severity
which showed that they were in earnest, and at the same
time a little suspicious. It was necessary to be on my
guard at all points ; and if they had been more docile learn-
ers of arithmetic, and able to stick on questions of number
and quantity, it might have been a harder matter to satisfy
them. But, on the whole, the old story was stuck to with
a degree of consistency that produced the desired effect.
Their confidence was perceptibly raised, and, after a good
deal of talk, the council adjourned, every one more than
ever disposed to visit " Holland."
While at this encampment, I observed on the ground
about a dozen large oyster-shells, that appeared to have
been recently opened. These were the first and only shells
of the kind I saw in the country. I inquired if they were
plenty in that vicinity. They said they were not ; none of
the tribe seemed to know where they came from, or anything
about them. The chief said that he and his people did not
relish oysters, but other Indians ate them. He did not like
fish of any kind ; no fish had grease enough for them ;
148 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
none of his Indians ate fish. This, and some similar inci-
dents and conversations, convinced me that there were other
Indian tribes in the vicinity. On one occasion I had
noticed some places where a tribe, probably as numerous as
our own, had encamped. Their fires appeared to have
been very recently extinguished. Our tribe appeared to
be considerably disturbed at these discoveries, and 1
judged that they were the traces of some enemies. It is
certain that my captors had seen some desperate fights, of
which they bore the marks on their persons. One of them
had a deep scar on his breast, which he said was the mark
of an arrow-shot received from the "Yamasckoner" Indians,
a tribe that use the bow and arrow. His description sug-
gested the probability that these were the Terra-del-Fuego
Indians ; but, on mentioning the conjecture at a later period
to a person I met at the Chilian penal settlement, he informed
me that those islanders invariably shoot poisoned arrows,
which would not leave the victim much leisure to describe
their effect. The scar in question was a deep one, in the
region of the heart ; and while I was examining it, the chief
remarked that the arrow passed through his body and came
out at his back. On examination, a distinct scar was vis-
ible on his back, so far corresponding in form and direction
with the one in front, that it seemed likely to have been
made by the same weapon. But how the arrow could have-
transfixed him through the chest, without wounding the
vital organs, was not easily to be conjectured. The only
explanation I could conceive of was, that the fellow's heart
was so much harder than any material used for arrow-
heads, that the missile, instead of penetrating that import-
ant organ, had glanced aside and passed without mortal hurt.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 149
Enough had been developed to assure me that the tribe gen-
erally had hearts of no ordinary toughnc ss, capable of serv-
ing them for all practical purposes wherein impenetrable
stuff was in request ; but the tale of this miraculous escape
gave a new impression of obduracy, and entitled the hero to
bear the palm among his. fellows. I pretended to pity him
for his former sufferings, and went so far as to volunteer —
in case I should ever be permitted to enter the enemy's ter-
ritory — to make mince-meat of some of them, and so to
avenge his cruel injuries. This spontaneous sympathy and
forwardness to take up his quarrel was exceedingly grati-
fying to the sufferer and to the chief, and drew from them a
more particular narrative of the combat.
They were out on a horse-stealing expedition, — the
usual occasion, it seems, of Patagonian fights, — and made a
swoop upon the camp of another tribe. The objects of this
felonious invasion asserted title to the horses in their pos-
session by certain tangible arguments, and induced a mor-
tal combat. And now Old Boy waxed eloquent, and espec-
ially displayed that prime ingredient, " action." His
broad-sword exercise was really animated, and taught us
" how fields were won," — or would have done so, but that,
while his right hand was slashing the air with his good
steel, his left would hold the bridle-rein, and his heels
involuntarily drive the spur ; — in short, though it was a
part on which he did not linger in the narration any more
than in the act, there was some tall running on the occa-
sion. So artlessly was the tale told, that while the hero
was cutting and thrusting and grunting, to make due im-
pression of the desperate bravery displayed in the encoun-
ter, his subordinate action clearly depicted a running and
13
150 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
retreating fight, and convinced me that they get a =?our,cl
drubbing for their pains. He said he killed one Ii dian,
with an air that would have done justice to the slaying of
a regiment. Shocking to relate, there were found persons
who slanderously reported to me that Old Boy's legs had
the unhappy propensity of Pat O'Flaherty's, whose heart
was a^ brave as any man's, but his cowardly legs ran away
with his body; and they scrupled not to affirm that in
this same hard-fought battle he crawled into the bushes,
and there secreted himself till the cessation of hostilities
enabled him to rejoin his tribe.
The reader has doubtless noticed that " the tribe " has
been all along anonymous. The explanation comes rather
late, but, in point of fact, I never could learn that they
had any distinctive name ; they never used any. Indeed
proper names were very seldom heard. Even in conversa-
tion concerning each other, they managed to avoid " naming
names " as strictly as so many honorable senators, though
for no reason that I could discover. By signs and ges-
tures, and other hints, they indicated the personal subject
of remark, and seemed to suffer no inconvenience from
what would be felt among us as a serious want.
While out hunting one day with the chief, we ascended a
slight eminence, commanding a view of an extensive plain.
The chief suddenly stopped his horse, and looked steadily
forward. I bent my eyes in the same direction, and paw
two or three mounted Indians moving towards a common
point. There was nothing unusual to be seen, but Old
Boy seemed to discover something. I inquired what it
was. He answered by pointing ; and, on a second view, I
observed a horse loose, which I took to be that of .tune
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 151
Indian temporarily dismounted. But the chief said they
were about to catch a wild horse, and forthwith dashed off
at a furious rate, bidding me follow. We were rapidly
Hearing the spot, when the two in advance of us put their
horses at top speed towards the lone horse that was stand-
ing beside a clump of bushes. It suddenly ran before its
pursuers, followed by two colts from the thicket. The
colts appeared to be one or two years old, and were doubt-
less following their dam. One Indian singled out the
mare, and another the larger colt. The little one did not
lag behind. The chief and myself followed at a pace which
would have made a single misstep fatal to our necks ; but
fortunately our horses proved sure-footed. On we dashed,
helter-skelter, in a direction to head off the pursuers, and
to place ourselves nearest to the affrighted animals. The
mare yet holds the lead, and fairly tears up the soil with
her flashing hoofs. An Indian, in close pursuit, presently
swings his lariat about his head ; but she makes a curve in
her course, and springs beyond the reach of his aim. Her
pursuer once more gains on her ; again tfce lariat swings
through the air, — he lets go, — the noose catches her neck,
— the hunter's horse turns suddenly off, and the rope,
securely attached to the saddle, brings the poor captive
headlong to the ground. The trained horse keeps a strain
on the noose sufficient to prevent her from rising, while the
hunter dismounts and secures his prize. The colts shared
the same fate, and, with the mother, were subdued and
made useful to the tribe.
The scenes and reminiscences I have described did not
prevent the matter of most absorbing interest to myself —
the projected visit to "Holland" — from engaging due
152 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
attention The chief came home from the council full of
it. He was in royal good humor, and talked about it half
the night ; but several objections arose, which it was neces-
sary for me to dispose of. These were met, apparently to
his full satisfaction. One of the most serious^ was the fear
that the white men would revenge upon him the murder of
Captain Eaton. I assured him that so long as I was with
him he had nothing to fear on that score ; the people were
all mine, and would do, or refrain from doing, whatever I
should bid them. They would not dare to lift their hands
against him contrary to my orders, or refuse to deliver
what articles I chose to demand. Nothing, I found, would
do, but the assertion of absolute supremacy over all white
men whatever, the world around ; less than this would not
secure the confidence of these savages, and I regulated my
speech by the necessities of the case. The chief inquired,
half a dozen times over, what I would say to the white
men, and I as often rehearsed an address for the occasion.
At last his curiosity seemed abated, and we fell asleep.
Early the next morning we were up and stirring, and
the chief having adjusted his toilet with care, a slight
breakfast was made ready. This over, his highness stood
forth, and from the door of his lodge made an official
address to the tribe, wherein he set out the advantages of a
visit to "Holland," and suggested the most expedient
style of making it. He advised that a few only of the
tribe should be deputed, with himself, to accompany me, and
receive the stores of rum, tobacco, bread, rice, tea, butter,
beads, brass, copper, and so forth, that were to be forth-
coming, as the expression of my gratitude for the dis-
tirguished consideration with which they had treated me.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA
Though royal speeches seldom excite any jealousy of pla-
giarism, and it n\ay seem a little captious on my part to
make such a charge, it is due to " the truth of history " to
declare, that herein the great Parosilver did but repeat a
suggestion which he did me the honor to receive with favor
over-night. It was not deemed essential to the case to
inform his highness of all the reasons that led me to wish
for as small an escort as the nature of the business would
admit. On the contrary, acting upon the profound maxim,
that one sufficient reason is as good as a dozen, and better
than that number of questionable ones, I merely advised,
that, after the experience which Captain Eaton and others
had had of Patagonian prowess, the sight of too many of
his giants would frighten away the whites, and prevent all
beneficial communication with them ; while the presence of
a small deputation would be a pledge of their pacific in-
clinations. The speech from the throne proved less moving
than most of the chief's effusions; his lieges listened with
great interest, and an earnest debate sprung up, at the
conclusion of which it was decided that the chief, with four
other Indians and their squaws, should be my body-guard,
the rest of the tribe to follow after. Another old woman
begged to go with us, which was agreed to. The horse I
had been in the habit of riding was lame, and unfit for
service ; another was procured for me.
Our simple preparations for departure were soon made,
and as we were about to start they all began bringing their
dirty children to me, and requesting that 1 would bring
brass and beads for them all ; which was gravely promised.
much to their satisfaction. There remained the last act in
the comedy for Thich I had been long rehearsing, — if, in-
13*
154 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
deed, it did not turn out a tragedy. The idea had early
occurred to me, that if I had some object to which I
appeared very much attached, it might prove to be for my
advantage ; the Indians might hold it, in my absence at
any time, as a sort of surety for my return. A belle from
among the beauties of the tribe would be effectual to that
end ; but, if no sentiments of virtue had restrained me from
this expedient, the filth and unsightliness of them all were
enough to insure continence. I chose, therefore, a little
white dog for a pet, — a dirty, thievish little rascal ; — but
I fondled him in the style proper to a violent attachment.
It is true that when I saw him licking the meat designed
for our repast it was not easy to refrain from kicking his
worthless brains out ; but this was a trifle to other things I
had to endure, and I made myself apparently so fond of
him that the reality of the case was never suspected. Now
and then I indemnified myself by giving him, when un-
observed, a smart rapping for his misdeeds, though such
chastisement made but a slight impression on the object of
it. As we were about setting out, I was asked if I in-
tended to take my dog. No, I told them, he would be
better off there, and when I returned he should have some
bread and other dainties to eat. The ruse more than an-
swered its expected end, in lulling all suspicion of my
sincerity.
At last we were under way. The grand crisis to which
all my diplomacy and the utmost license of fiction had
tended was near at hand. A strong hope of deliverance
braced my spirits, shaded, it is true, by a natural appre-
hension of possible failure, and of the consequences that
might follow. Witfi no great elation of spirits, but with a
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 155
stern, severe tensiol. of all my mental energies, and a con-
centration of them into one focus of resolve, I waved a fare-
well, which I hoped might be everlasting, to the accursed
gang of robbers who had tormented me so many tedious
weeks. " Good-by to Patagonia ! " I mentally ejaculated, and
struck off with my escort ; but had not gone more than an
eighth of a mile, when the party wheeled about and ordered
me to follow them back to the camp ! I remonstrated, but
it was of no use, and with a heavy heart I found myself
once more in my dirty corner of a wigwam. The horses
were turned adrift without a word of explanation, and the
Indians sat down to a game of cards, with as much indiffer-
ence to everything else as if the events of the past forty-
eight hours had been a feverish dream. What could be the
meaning of it? I questioned the chief. He merely replied
that he would go by and by, — by and by ; which, being
interpreted, probably meant when he pleased, and that
convenient season might never arrive ! After I had teased
him for a long time he took me to the door of the lodge, and,
pointing to the river, said it was " no good then ;" it would
be " good " at night. What the state of the river, which
was a shallow stream, a branch of the Santa Cruz, had to do
with the matter, I could not divine, and was half inclined to
vote myself fairly outwitted by the Old Boy.
The day, a long one, at last wore off, and at night we once
more set off. We crossed the frozen marsh, and forded the
river, and, after going about two miles, stopped for repose
We took no camp e juipage, and had to shelter ourselves for
the nifht under the lee of a clump of bushes. We thrust
our feet int^ the thicket, while our heads lodged out of"
doom In this interesting attitude I was made to repeat
156 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
roy wearisome detail of promises, and to rehearse once racta
my contemplated speech to the white men ; which done, we
dropped asleep. Waking early the next morning, I found
my head and shoulders covered with a fleecy mantle of snow.
Would the fortune of my expedition fall as lightly on me ?
I shook it off, turned up my coat-collar, pulled my poor,
more than half worn-out cap over my ears, and so. partially
protected from the storm, rolled over, and again sunk into
a slumber. The storm ceased at dawn of day. I rose and
went in search of fuel, while my dark companions still slept
profoundly. In an hour or two they roused themselves, and
kindled a fire. Meat, from a store brought along for our
provision on the way, was cooked, and served for breakfast.
The scanty meal being despatched, our horses were driven
in, lassoed, mounted, and we resumed our journey, in a
south-easterly direction. At the end of about three miles
another halt was called, a fire was built to warm by, and
the horses were watered. The order of arrangements was
discussed, and a fresh edition of the promises and the
speech critically listened to. Changing our course a little
to the right^ we soon struck the Santa Cruz. The Indians
pointed far down the stream, and said, " There is Holland."
I strained my eyes in the direction pointed out, and
thought I could discern an island with several small huts
upon it. A mile or two further on the north bank brought
us to the mouth of the river, in prospect of the Atlantic.
The island was directly opposite the mouth, and the lower
part only appeared to be inhabited. We halted. The In-
dians pointed towards it, exclaiming, " Esta Holland sarvoy !
muchas sasas. mucho mucho hombres, tene mucho aquadientc,
mucho travac, yeruen, arenar, arose 1 " — This is Holland,
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 15?
and has plenty of houses, and abundance of men, — plenty
of rum, tobacco, bread, tea, flour and rice ! I surveyed the
spot in silence. This island was of considerable extent,
lying two-thirds across the wide mouth of the river, its sur-
face dotted over with little knolls or hillocks of earth.
Could it be that these were dwellings inhabited by white
men ?
Our horses' heads were now turned from the shore,
and we rode back about an eighth of a mile to a large clump
of bushes, unsaddled our beasts, and waited some time for
the rest of our company, who had fallen in the rear. They
came at last, our horses were turned adrift, fire was
lighted, and, as the day was far spent, supper was in order.
Then ensued a repetition — a final one. I trusted — of the
grand present to be levied on the Hollanders, and of the
speech which was to draw them out. The Indians arranged
that I was to hoist the English flag, — the colors of the
unfortunate brig Avon, which they had brought along at
my request, — and then to walk the shore to attract the
attention of the islanders. On the approach of a boat, I was
to be kept back from the beach, to prevent escape ; for 1
found that they were not, after all, as well assured of my
good faith as might have been desirable. They thought,
moreover, that when the white men saw a prisoner with
them, they would come ashore to parley, and offer presents
to effect his release; in that case, there might be a chance,
if the negotiation proved unsatisfactory, to take bonds of
fate in the form of another captive or two. So, at least
there was ground to suspect, — and some cause to fear that
the rascals might prove too shrewd for all of us !
After ta king till a late hour, the Lidians threw them
158 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
selves upon the ground, stuck 'their feet into the bushes, and
were soon fist asleep. I consulted the chief as to the pro-
priety of modifying this arrangement, by placing our heads,
rather than our feet, under cover, since both could not be
accommodated. He declined any innovations, and told me
to go to sleep. I stretched myself on the ground, but as to
sleep, that was o*ut of the question. I lay all night, thinking
over all possible expedients for escape. We had no mate-
rials for a boat or raft of any description, and it was impos-
sible to think of any plan that promised success ; so that,
after tossing, in body and mind, through the weary hours
of night, I could only resolve to wait the course of events,
and to take advantage of the first opportunity affording
a reasonable hope of deliverance from this horrid captivity.
Snow, sleet and rain, fell during the night ; and I rose early,
thoroughly chilled, every tooth chattering. A fire was
kindled, and the last morsel of meat that remained to us
was cooked and eaten. The weather continued squalfy till
the middle of the afternoon.
After breakfast the chief went with me to the shore, bear-
ing the flag. On the beach I found a strip of thick board, to
which I fastened the colors, and then planted it in the sand.
The bushes around, which have a kind of oily leaf and read-
ily ignite, were set on fire. I then walked the beach, — but
no boat came. When it cleared up suff Gently to see, T
observed little objects moving about on the island. The
day wore away with fruitless attempts to attract their
attention. With n aching heart I returned, at dark, to the
camping-ground. On this island my hopes had so long
centred, — if they were now to be disappointed, how could
J cud ire it ? The Indians began to talk of rejoining the tribe
TELE CA1TIVE IN PATAGONIA. 159
the following day. I opposed the motion with all the dissua-
gives at command, assuring them that, at sight of our
flag, the islanders would surely come over in a boat, and
that, if they would only wait a little, they could go over to
the island and enjoy themselves to their hearts' content ;
representing the absolute necessity that I should pro-
cure the rum, &c., we had talked of, and how embarrass-
ing it would be to go back to the tribe empty-handed, after
all that had been said, to be ridiculed and reproached. It
would never do. Our conversation was continued till quite
late, when we ranged ourselves, hungry and weary, for
another night. For hours I was unable to sleep. The
uncertainties of my situation oppressed me, and I lay rest-
less, with anxiety inexpressible, inconceivable by those whom
Providence has preserved from similar straits. It was a
season of deep, suppressed, silent misery, in which the heart
found no relief but in mute supplication to Him who was
alone able to deliver. Towards morning, exhausted with
the intensity of emotion acting on an enfeebled body, I
slept a little, and woke at early dawn, to a fresh conscious-
ness of my critical position.
The weather had been fair during the night, but there
were now indications of another snow-storm. I waited long
and impatiently for my companions to awake, and at last
started off in quest of fuel ; on returning with which, they
bestirred themselves and started a fire, which warmed our
.half-benumbed limbs. There lay the little island, beautiful
to eyes that longed, like mine, for a habitation of sym-
pathizing men, about a mile and a half distant ; it almost
geemed to recede while I gazed, so low had my hopes sunken,
under the pressure of disappointment and bitter uncertainty,
160 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
A violent snow-storm soon setting in, it was hidden from
view ; everything seemed to be against me. It slackened, and
partially cleared up, — then came another gust, filling the
air, and shutting up the prospect. In this way it con-
tinued till past noon ; at intervals, as the sky lighted up,
I took a fire-brand, and set fire to the bushes on the beach,
and then hoisted the flag again, walking wearily to and
fro, till the storm ceased, and the sky became clear. The
chief concealed himself in a clump of bushes, and sat
watching, with cat-like vigilance, the movements of the
islanders. After some time, he said a boat was coming ; I
scarcely durst look in the direction indicated, lest I should
experience a fresh disappointment ; but I did look, and
saw, to my great joy, a boat launched, with four or five
men on board, and pushing off the shore. On they came ;
the chief reported his discovery, and the rest of the Indians
came to the beach, where I was still walking backward
and forward. The boat approached, not directly off where
I was, but an eighth of a mile, perhaps, to the windward,
and there lay on her oars.
The Indians hereupon ordered me to return to the
camping-ground ; but, without heeding them, I set off at a
full run towards the boat. They hotly pursued, I occa-
sionally turning and telling them to come on, — I only
wanted to see the boat. " Stop ! Stop ! " they bawled.
" Now, my legs," said I, " if ever you want to serve me,
this is the time." I had one advantage over my pur-
suers; my shoes, though much the worse for wear, pro-
tected my feet from the sharp stones, which cut theirs at
every step ; but, under all disadvantages, I found they
made about equal speed with myself. As I gained a point
opposite the boat, the Indians slackened their speed, and
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 1G3
looked uneasily at me ; the man in the stern of the boat
hailed me, inquiring what Indians these were, what number
of them, and how I came among them. I replied in as
few words as possible, and told him we wished to cross to
the island. He shook his head ; they were bad fellows, he
said ; he could not take me with the Indians, They began
to pull away ! I made signs of distress, and waved them
to return, shouting to them through my hands. The boat
was again backed within hailing distance. " Will you
look out for me, if I come by myself? " " Yes ! " was the
prompt reply. The Indians, all this time, had kept within
ten or fifteen feet of me, with their hands on their knives,
and reiterating their commands to come back, at the same
time edging towards me in a threatening manner. " Yes,
yes," I told them, " in a moment," but I wanted to look at
the boat, — taking care, however, to make good my dis-
tance from them. At the instant of hearing the welcome
assurance that I should be cared for, I drew out the watch
^which I had brought, according to promise, to have a new
crystal inserted at Holland), and threw it into the bushes ;
the salt water would spoil it, and, if I should be retaken,
the spoiling of that would be an aggravation which might
prove fatal. At the same moment I gave a plunge head-
long into the river ; my clothes and shoes encumbered me,
and the surf, agitated by a high wind, rolled in heavy
seas upon the shore. The boat was forty or fifty yards
off; and, as the wind did not blow square in shore, drifted,
so as to increase the original distance, unless counteracted
by the crew. Whether the boat was backed up towards
me, I could not determine ; my head was a great part of
the time under water, my eyes blinded with the surf; and
14
164 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
most strenuous exertion was necessary to live in such a
sea. As I approached the boat I could see several guns,
pointed, apparently, at me. Perhaps we had misunder-
stood each other, — perhaps they viewed me as an enemy !
In fact, they were aimed to keep the Indians from follow
ing me into the water, which they did not attempt. My
strength was fast failing me ; the man at the helm, per-
ceiving it, stretched out a rifle at arm's length. The
muzzle dropped into the water, and arrested my feeble
vision. Summoning all my remaining energy, I grasped
it, and was drawn towards the boat ; a sense of relief shot
>
through and revived me, but revived, also, such a dread
lest the Indians should give chase, that I begged them to
pull away, — I could hold on. The man reached down,
and seized me by the collar, and ordered his men to ply
their oars. They had made but a few strokes, when a
simultaneous cry broke from their lips, " Pull the dear
man in ! Pull the dear man in ! " They let fall their
oars, laid hold of me, and, in their effort to drag me over
the side of their whale-boat, I received some injury ; I
requested that they would let me help myself; and, work-
ing my body up sufficiently to get -one knee over the gun-
wale, I gave a spring, with what strength was left me, and
fell into the bottom of the boat. The.y kindly offered to
strip me, and put on dry clothes; but I told them, if they
would only work the boat further from the shoro, I would
take care of myself. They pulled away, while I crawled
forward, divested myself of my coat, and put on one
belonging to one of the crew. Conversation, which was
attempted, was impossible; it was one of the coldest days
of a Patagonian winter, — I was chilled through, and could
only articulate, " I ca-n't ta-lk now ; I '11 ta-lk by a-nd
"Yl « CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 165
6y." Some liquor, bread and tobacco, which had been
put on board for my ransom, on supposition that this was
what the signal meant, was produced for my refreshment.
The sea was heavy, with a strong head-wind ; so that,
though the men toiled vigorously, our progress was slow.
I was soon comfortably warmed by the stimulants pro-
vided, and offered to lend a hand at the oar ; but the offer
was declined. The shouts and screams of the Indians,
which had followed me into the water, and rung hideously
in my ears while struggling for life in the surf, were kept
up till distance made them inaudible. Whether they
found the watch, whose mysterious tick at once awed and
delighted them, and restored it to its place of state in the
chief 's lodge, or whether it still lies rusting in the sands
by the sea-shore, is a problem unsolved.
The boat at last grounded on the northern shore of the
island ; Mr. Hall, the gentleman who commanded the
party, supported my tottering frame in landing ; and, as
we stepped upon the shore, welcomed me to their island.
I grasped his hand, and stammered my thanks for this
deliverance, and lifted a tearful eye to Heaven, in silent
gratitude to God. I was then pointed to a cabin near by,
where a comfortable fire was ready for me. " Now," I
heard Mr. Hall say, " let us fire a salute of welcome to
the stranger. Make ready ! present ! fire ! " Off went all
their muskets, and a very cordial salute it appeared to be.
He soon followed me, took me to his own dwelling, sup-
plied me with dry clothing, and, above all, warmed me in
the kindly glow of as generous a heart as ever beat in
human bosom.
I was captured by the savages on the 1st of May, and
landed upon the island on the 7th of August.
166 TIIE CAPTIVE IN PATAGOH1A.
CHAPTER IX.
A civilized neal — A happy evening — A survey of the island — Prepar-
ation of guano — Preparations against invasion by the giants — A pro-
posal to attack them — Loyalty and revenge — Killing time — Trouble
in the settlement — A disagreeable situation — Arrival of vessels —
Countrymen — A welcome by new friends.
AFTER getting sufficiently thawed out, I gave a synopsis
of my adventures. The cook presently laid the table, and
brought in supper. I ate heartily of bread and Irish pork,
and drank tea raised in Brazil, called matte. ' It may not
compare favorably with the produce of China, but to me it
was a delicious beverage. I had been in captivity ninety-
seven days, living as the reader has seen. Although I par-
took freely of supper, — too freely for one in my weak con-
dition, — I rose from the meal with as keen an appetite as
I brought to it. I again expressed to Mr. Hall, on learn-
ing his name, my gratitude at finding myself, through his
timely assistance, among friends, though a stranger. He
cordially sympathized with me, observing that he had been
a prisoner among the Patagonians for one day only, but had
seen enough in that short time to be convinced that a life
of ninety-seven days with them must have been dreadful
indeed.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 167
.Vfter supper the boat was hauled up on the island. Pipes
and tobacco were furnished, and I passed in the society of
my deliverers one of the happiest evenings of my whole
life. The change was so great, from the miserable and
almost hopeless existence I had so long lived, that my joy
exceeded all bounds. My heart overflowed with gratitude.
Words could not then, and cannot now, convey any ade-
quate impression of my feelings, — of the freedom and joy
that animated me, on being snatched from perils, privations
and enemies, and placed, as in a moment, in security, in
plenty, and in the society of friends. It seemed like a
dream, the change was so sudden and so total.
The little house which for the present I called my home,
and which, in fact, appeared to me at the time the pleasant-
est dwelling I had ever seen, was about twelve by fifteen
feet upon the ground, built of boards and scantling, and
lined with blue Kentucky jean. The fireplace was in the
middle of one end, and a door opened at the opposite ex-
tremity. Two large closets were parted off, the one used
as a cupboard, and the other for stores. Each side was
lighted by a window containing four panes of seven-by-nine
glass. Two comfortable settees, probably saved from some
wreck, lined the sides of the room, and a good-sized hard-
wood table occupied the centre. It was floored overhead,
and a trap-door opened into a sleeping apartment, fitted
with two little berths, — one for Mr. Hall, and the other for
Morrison, the Scotchman.
As we have described the interior of our snug little cot-
tage, we will bestow a word or two on its exterior and sur-
roundings. Its cracks and joints, over the roof and walls,
were covered with strips of tarr*1 i duck, and battened with
14*
168 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
narrow pieces of thin board. It was situated on a little
mound of guano, perhaps four feet high, and was banked up
to the windows with the same material. The height of the
walls above the embankment was about seven feet, the em-
bankment three feet more. A ship's bell was suspended on
the north-east corner of the house, to notify the workmen
of the hours of labor and of their meals. Sea Lion Island,
as it is called, — the name " Holland " was probably cor-
rupted by the Indians, from the word island, indistinctly
pronounced in their hearing, — is about a mile and a quar-
ter long from north to south, with an average width of an
3ighth of a mile, and is covered over its entire surface with
low evergreen bushes. The settlement was made by an
English company, for the purpose of collecting guano and
preparing it for exportation, and was situated on the south-
ern extremity.
Our social evening was prolonged to a late hour, the mo-
ments sped by the stimulus of novel enjoyment. One of
the settees was assigned for my couch, bed-clothes were
provided, and a bag filled with ships' colors and other ar-
ticles served for a pillow. Before committing ourselves to
repose, however, we discussed the probability of an inva-
sion from the continent, and came to the conclusion that
nothing was to be feared in that quarter before morning.
Old Boy and his party, it was obvious, would have to
return to the main body of the tribe for reinforcements and
naval equipage before attempting pursuit, as they had no
materials for the construction of boats or rafts, even if they
would dare to tempt salt water in their leathern sacks. We
accordingly dismissed the subject for the time, and Mr. Hall
and the Scotchman, having cared for my eovafort with mix-
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 169
ious kindness, disappeared through the trap-door, leaving
behind a friendly benediction. The little cottage was warm ;
my couch was the perfection of comfort, in contrast with
that which had been my lot for ninety-seven wretched
nights. Above all, for the first time in so many weeks, 1
could lie down without the fear of treachery and violence.
I was secure from savages. This indeed was luxury. 1
slept soundly, vying in the profundity of slumber with
the immortal seven, till late in the morning. Daylight
at length had dispossessed the darkness of every part of the
interior, and I awoke. It was no dream. I was indeed
free. Rude but unmistakable evidences of civilization
surrounded me. The adventures of the preceding day
flashed vividly on my hitherto clouded mind, — the sus-
pense, the struggle, the seasonable rescue, the rejoicing wel-
come, the spontaneous and subduing kindnesses, — and a
warm gush of tender and grateful emotion from my inmost
soul thrilled and suffused my whole being. While these
emotions were subsiding from the fervor of their first im-
pulse, and the mind was gliding away into a delicious and
confused revery, wherein all manner of delight seemed to
encircle me as with an atmosphere, in whose genial glow
all past suffering existed only for the heightening of pres-
ent enjoyment, the trap-door overhead was lifted, and my
generous friends dropped down with a hearty saluta-
tion. I sprang from my couch, as good as new, and
younger than ever. A cheerful coal-fire was soon burning
in the grate, the room was swept, breakfast was brought in
and despatched, the bell rang, and the men issued forth to
their daily labors, while I went out to explore my new
abode.
170 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
The island is low and flat, and at high water its surface
is only eight or ten feet above the water-line ; but the tide
here rises and falls about the same height as at the eastern
mouth of the Straits of Magellan, — nearly forty-two feet.
Within twenty-five feet of our house was a small store-
house and shed, a hog-sty, and a large stone oven. About
the same distance further on, was a house for work-
men, framed of timber, and roofed and laid up at the sides
with bushes ; and the sides were banked and the roof coated
with earth, an old sail forming the topmost and outermost
feature of the edifice, — except that on one extremity of the
roof a headless barrel communicated with the fireplace,
and did duty very respectably as chimney and ventilator.
There were no windows ; the men, and whatever portion of
light and air sufficed them, found ingress and egress through
a door in one end. It was most evidently made for use, not
for show ; but appeared to be very comfortable, and was
neatly fitted up with berths and benches, a table and cook-
ing apparatus. Its occupants were eight in number, —
three Frenchmen, two Spaniards, an Englishman, a Welsh-
man and an Irishman ; so that, the island having adopted
(for a season, at least) a representative of the " universal
Yankee nation," may be thought to have brought together
samples from a pretty considerable part of mankind.
Besides these human specimens, the settlement boasted
of a dog, two mature porkers, and a litter of pigs. Near the
house was a large heap of guano, prepared and ready for
shipping to England and the United States. The men were
at work hard by digging it up. It lies on the surface of
the ground to a depth of from one to three feet ; is dug up
and conveyed u barrows tc a cleared spot, where it lies in
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 171
heaps, to be sifted. vStones, feathers, sticks, and other
foreign substances, are carefully removed, the larger lumps
are broken up, and the cleared guano is spread out in a
thin layer ; when thoroughly dried, it is covered up with
planks. The business was carried on by Captain Matthew
S. White, an Englishman, who had then been absent foi%
several months at Montevideo, whither he had gone to
procure vessels for conveying the guano already prepared,
now amounting to some fifteen hundred tons, to market.
The time he fixed for his return had expired a month
before my advent upon the island, and Mr. Hall was
beginning to feel very anxious for him, fearing lest some
accident had befallen him, and anxious for himself and
his company, also, as they had but a few months' provis-
ions ; the island was rarely visited by vessels, and their
only means of reaching any port, in case of extremity,
were the ship's long-boat, and a whale-boat, both too small
to undertake so long a voyage with any hope of safety.
The possibility that my late hospitable friends on the
main land might be led, by their high consideration for me,
to visit " Holland " in a body, kept us busy, during the day,
in making preparations to receive them with appropriate
honors. Mr. Hall, who was left in charge of the settlement
•during the absence of the proprietor, observed that Captain
White had often expressed apprehensions that the Indians
would come upon the island, some time when he was away,
and murder all hands. My slipping from them in the manner
I had was not an event likely to dissuade them from the at-
tempt, or weaken their motives for making it. There were
two swivels in the camp, which we mounted upon wheelbar-
row?, to serve as flying artillery. I ground sharp an old
172 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
whaling-harpoon, and fixed a handle to it; this was slung
over my couch; and a large sheath-knife, for use in case we
got to close quarters, reposed under my pillow. "The Indians
were prowling about the shore, probably expecting to see
me reappear among them, laden with the rum and tobacco
they came after, and which they had earned by boarding
and lodging me so long, and by the multiplied kindnesses
with which they beguiled the months of my residence
among them. It is likely they think, by this time, that I
have been gone a long time for it.
Before retiring for the night, we loaded our swivels to
the muzzle, and fired them, to let our neighbors know that
we had the wherewithal to give them a warm reception,
should they see fit to make us a visit. We then reloaded
the pieces, each with a dozen or more large bullets, placed
them ready primed at the door, and covered the primings,
to keep our powder dry. We had six or eight muskets
ready loaded, enough to arm the entire garrison, with
plenty of ammunition. The dog was tied to the door-
handle, to give notice of danger, and the door carefully
secured. Just as we were about retiring, Bose gave a por-
tentous bow wo*w ! but, on going out, and taking a survey
of the premises, the alarm proved to be false. All was
quiet ; and, with a momentary doubt of the sagacity and
discretion of our sentinel, we lay down with a sense of
security, — first taking the axe into the house, thinking
that the cunning rogues might try to burn us out, should
they find the efforts to dislodge us otherwise ineffectual.
With this final precaution, our faithful sentinel chained
to his post, like a Chinese soldier to his gun, we were soon
sound asleep. The night passe 1 quietly away, without
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 173
any further alarm from our look-out, who was c f the English,
pointer breed, — a sleepy, dough-faced fellow, better quali-
fied to show the game than to occupy the responsible station
to which he was promoted. He was a great coward, but that
was not altogether against him ; for, since the law of self-
preservation applies to brutes as well as to men, fear would
impel him to make some kind of demonstration on the ap-
proach of foes, if fidelity did not ; and one kind of demonstra-
tion would be as useful to us as another, if only audible.
After breakfast I walked forth, and cast an anxious look
through the glass to the northern shore of the main land,
to see if the Indians still occupied their position, and
whether they were building boats, or making any other
preparations for invasion. There they were, — the patient
creatures ! — still posted in view of our quarters, the
English flag flying on the beach. There were several dogs
on the shore, and among them I recognized my own ; I
almost fancied I could hear him barking. As we brought
no dogs with us, I concluded that they had gone back to
the main body, and got a reinforcement, with materials for
boat-building, and brought my dog for the especial gratifi-
cation of his affectionate master ; and now he was capering
about on the shore, as if to call me back. Having suffi-
ciently gratified my curiosity in this direction, I turned
the glass seaward, in hope to view some approaching sail
but the broad expanse was clear, — no vessel to be seen
On the river banks a few stray guanacos were cropping the
scanty, rank grass, while others, with their young, were
lying on the sunny slopes of the sand-hills. The quiet of
these animals assured me that their inveterate enemies,
the Indians, were not in the vicinity.
174 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
Tired, at length, of this sort of sight-seeing, I returned
to the house, and, taking our guns, started with Mr. Hall
on a stroll up the island, hoping to shoot some sea-fowl ;
hut returned at noon, unsuccessful. The afternoon was
spent in wandering aimlessly over the island, killing time.
Walking about on the sea-shore, I picked up some clear,
transparent stones, coated on the outside with a kind of
crust ; some of them are very hard, and, when broken, cu*
glass like a diamond. I wrote my name, and place of
residence, on a window of our little cottage, with a frag-
ment of one; they are mostly white, some of them of a
vermilion, and others of a straw color ; they are, I sup-
pose, a variety of quartz. The shore is, in some places,
covered with these pebbles to the depth of two or three
feet, on an average of the size of a walnut ; the hardest
specimens were not abundant, but I collected about a
hundred of them. I might have picked up many more, if
they had possessed any special value.
A further examination of the opposite shore disclosed
Indians still prowling about, and I proposed to Mr. Hall
to go over, with the men, and give them a sound drubbing.
Revenge, I know, is said to dwell in little minds ; if so,
my abode in Patagonia must have dwarfed and contracted
my own intellect for the time being, for I mast confess to
the consciousness of a desire to visit upon them some ap-
propriate return for what they had inflicted upon me. Mr.
Hall admitted the ill-desert of the Indians, and the entire
rightfulness of a severe chastisement ; but, not having the
same stimulus to heat his blood that burned within me, he
viewed the question with a more strict regard to prudence,
and was altogether disinclined to undertake so hazardous
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 75
an expedition ; he dreaded going any nearer to the sav-
ages than was necessary. I would, myself, rather 'nave
been shot than fall into their hands a second time ; but
contended that the approach of the boat would bring them
to the shore, and enable us to do them a mischief from tne
boat, without any necessity of landing among them. True,
the Indians might succeed in getting upon the island some
night, and effect our destruction ; there certainly was
nothing to prevent it, if they had the least ingenuity, and
a moderate share of courage ; but I knew them to be
a gang of arrant cowards, and the reader may judge of
their inventiveness by the preceding narrative. The sub-
ject was discussed till late in the evening, and the needful
preparations and precautions were thoroughly talked over.
When about to retire for the night, we went out and looked
for our vigilant sentinel, whose due place, in right of his
office, should have been at the door. Recreant to his trust,
the rascal had deserted, to take up his night's lodging
with the pigs. He was soon hustled out of his nest, and
compelled to return to the door, there to be tied, as on the
preceding night, to the handle. His choice of such mean
company greatly lowered the animal in my estimation.
While fixing him in his place, we perceived a light on the
north shore f it appeared to be carried about from place to
place, and was at some distance from the Indians' wig-
wams. This had much the appearance of preparation for
a nocturnal visit from the rascals, — a symptom of boat-
building. From my observation of their habits while
among them, I was convinced that something extraordi-
nary was on foot ; they were not much in the habit of
moving about after dark, with 01 without lights, and
15
176 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
nothing but the pressure of an unaccustomed purpose could
have made them so enterprising now. We uncovered the
priming of our swivels, and greased their muzzles, to make
them speak in a louder tone of warning and defiance to the
enemy ; they were discharged with a loud report, that
made the island ring, and must have resounded with effect
upon the hostile shore. The guns were reloaded, primed,
and mounted upon their carriages at the door. The lights
that bad drawn forth this sonorous demonstration speedily
disappeared ; the Indians, it was presumed, had taken the
bint, and abandoned or postponed their undertaking, what-
ever it might have been. I well knew their dread of big
guns. When I attempted, at first, to persuade them to go
with me to Port Famine, the chief reason assigned, besides
the superior advantages of " Holland," was, that there were
big guns there, which were " no good for Indians." A
council of war came to the conclusion that there was
nothing to be feared from them that night, and we there-
upon retired.
If our careful preparations seem to belie my expressed
belief of their cowardice, it should be remembered that
they had once fleshed their swords, if not their teeth, in
the bodies of some white men, and had held, for a brief
period, islanders in their custody; they were numerous,
and might so far confide in their numbers and strength as
to dare the attempt to wreak their disappointments fully
upon our heads. Our caution was reasonable, and, at the
time, was not excessive in degree. In the morning we
made a careful survey of the premises, exploring all the
sheds, and every other place where an enemy could have
gecreted himself, but made no discoveries. We walked
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 177
over the island, and examined the opposite shore ; but per-
ceived nothing strange or alarming, except that the Indians
still remained in their quarters, and that their numbers
had greatly increased.
The question of crossing over and driving them off was
revived after breakfast, but, after considerable talk, no
definite conclusion was reached, and I spent the day
wandering over the island, gunning and picking up rare
stones, occasionally surveying the coast through the glass.
At night no lights appeared opposite ; and having made
our usual preparations against a nocturnal attack, we de-
cided that if the black rascals did not speedily jJck up
their traps, and make themselves " scarce," we would go
over and hurry their movements. Mr. Hall -found his
loyalty stirring within him, in aid of revenge. He said it
was too much to see that blood-stained British flag flying
among such a miserable set of creatures, bringing freshly
before his mind the forms of his slaughtered countrymen.
This sentiment I was prompt to encore, arid to enforce the
propriety of an invasion to wrest the trophy from their
hands. This was determined upon for the next day, unless
they should sooner relieve us of their presence.
The day dawned with a cloudy sky and a thick atmos-
phere, which made it impossible to see distinctly for any
distance. Towards noon it cleared up, and we discovered
that our troublesome neighbors were still there. We
thereupon set about the necessary preparations for a move-
ment, immediately after dinner. Arms and equipment
were appointed, knives sharpened, guns put in order and
stacked against the house ; — the bell rang for dinner, and
we ate with appetites sharpened by excitement. But, on
178 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
going oit, and taking a final look through the glass before
embarking, we observed the Indians catching their horses.
They speedily mounted their beasts, and rode off. Our an-
ticipated valor was soon cooled. They had slipped away
without giving us a chance to do anything for revenge, for
justice, or for the honor of the captive flag. On the whole,
we were not sorry to abandon the expedition, though it
seemed to me that our chances of security were not much
improved by their departure. They would be very likely
to lurk in the vicinity, and to return with full preparations
for crossing and landing upon the island. Perhaps their
movement was only a ruse to put us off our guard. Such
thoughts crowded my mind ; but there was no use in
borrowing trouble, and I dismissed them.
The men returned to their work, and I set myself to
devise some employment. I had become tired of idleness,
and offered to assist in the preparation of guano ; but Mr.
Hall interposed a decided veto. He wished me, he said, to
make myself entirely contented, and as comfortable as
possible. But the sort of life I was leading was very
decidedly uncomfortable ; and I entreated so earnestly to
be allowed to make myself useful in some way, that he set
me to make a row-lock for a boat, or a few thole-pins, or
some other trivial things, that served to occupy attention
and divert the mind. Then our cottage wanted a new
floor, and some alterations were found necessary about the
premises. When everything was done, and no more was
suggested, I was desired to go a gunning, to vary the
supplies for the table, or to take a basket and pick the tops
of the bushes for pickling. The bushes, which are ever-
green, have on their tops little clusters not unlike bar-
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 179
berries, that make a very fine pickle. Several jars were
filled, and furnished an excellent condiment for our
suppers.
Time passed on, and the non-arrival of Captain White
made it drag slowly. I had thought to take passage in one
of the guano vessels to Rio Janeiro, or some other South
American port, from which it might be easy to obtain a
passage for California. In default of other occupation, the
large lighter, which lay up the creek, two-thirds the length
of the island, was brought down opposite the house for
repair, to be in readiness to load the ships when they
should arrive. Their delay threatened us with famine,
moreover, and it was beginning to be felt as a very serious
matter. To add to our troubles, the scurvy broke out
among the men, in consequence of living on salt provisions,
without vegetables. They had been recommended, as a
preventive, to make and eat freely of the pickle just de-
scribed ; but, either from want of faith in the virtue of the
prescription, or because it was too much trouble, they had
neglected to do so, and now found themselves in a poor
plight.
About the same time, as troubles
" come not single spies,
But in battalions,"
Mr. Hall was informed by the Welshman, who appeared
very friendly, that Morrison, the Scotchman, was trying to
prejudice the Frenchmen and Spaniards against him, and
inciting the men to mutiny. The man had lived in the
house and been treated like a gentleman, and this was all
the return he made for the preference shown him. Sawney's
180 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
goods and chattels were forthwith thrown out of doors, and
he was ordered to take his bed and board with the men.
He took this descent in the world very much to heart, and
when I talked with him on the impropriety of his conduct,
appeared quite penitent. I strongly advised Mr. Hall to
*ake him back into the house ; for, though he had proved
treacherous, it was better, after all, to have him under our
immediate watch than with the men, as he might, in a
short time, infect the whole company. After much coaxing,
consent was given to his return, and he replaced his things
in the house with much apparent gratitude. He was told
that he must show himself an honest man, and labor to
undo the mischief he had done, if he had any care of his
personal safety ; for should any trouble break out, and the
sacrifice of life become necessary, his would be the first.
He faithfully promised, and, I doubt not, exerted himself
to allay discontents and prevent any outbreak. With the
Spaniards he was successful ; but the Frenchmen were more
turbulent, and determined on a rupture. They complained
that their allowance of food was insufficient, and threatened
to break into the store-house and help themselves. Mr.
Hall had served out their daily rations of meat, bread and
flour, by weight, according to the directions of Captain
White. The quantity I have forgotten, but remember Mr.
Hall saying that it was the same as is allowed per man in
the British navy. When the bell rang for work the next
morning, the Welshman and Irishman alone went. The
Spaniards said that they had the scurvy so badly they
were unable to work ; the Frenchmen marched up to the
house, and peremptorily demanded more flour. Mr. Hall
met thorn at the d( or ; and, in reply, told them that they
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 181
had the same food, in quality and quantity, with all the
others, iimself included, and that the allowance for the
house prDved to be more than we needed. None of the
other men complained, and their complaints could not be
listened to by him. They had all that Captain White
allowed, and, if they were not satisfied, they could appeal to
him when he returned, which would undoubtedly be very
soon. Meanwhile he advised them " to be quiet, and do
their own business." They left in a very wrathful mood,
not to their work, but to their quarters, and to idle away
the rest of the day in sauntering up and down the island.
They went on in this way for nearly a week, and at last
consented to return to duty, under a promise that nothing
should be deducted from their wages, which was given as a
matter of prudence. It was not thought safe, in present
circumstances, to strain authority over them. Nothing
occurred to give serious uneasiness, though the men were so
touchy and quarrelsome as to raise a slight tempest, now
and then. On one occasion, Mr. Hall had been with three
men up the creek, seven or eight miles, after fresh water,
which could only be obtained at that distance and boated
down to the settlement. While we were unlading the
boat, a row was kicked up between one of the Frenchmen
and the Welshman. Taffy, who was a thorough seaman,
when adjusting the rop:s to the casks, was assailed by one
of the Frenchmen with some derogatory remark touching
his seamanship, prompted by his mode of " putting on the
parbuckle." The critic attempted to take the rope into his
own hands, by way of enforcing and exemplifying his view
of the process ; and the two were on the point of settling
the question in a summary fashion, in a spirit which it
required some effort to quell.
182 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
The Indians still hovered in the vicinity of the further
shore, as the smoke of their fires plainly indicated, and we
were obliged to keep up our preparations for defence.
There was nothing to prevent them from paying us a visit
but their cowardice ; and knowing their revengeful tempers,
and the tenacity of their purposes, — the long-lived malice
with which they were capable of pursuing any evil designs,
— it seemed not unlikely that, smarting under the disap-
pointment I had caused them, their resentment would prove
strong enough to overcome their timidity. In this connec-
tion I had an unpleasant thought, now and then, of a hint
given them while we were on our way to " Holland."
When about a mile distant from the shore, I picked up a bit
of plank, and somewhat rashly, in the impetuosity of desire
to contrive ways and means to get to the island, in case
the islanders could not be attracted towards us, told the
Indians that, if we could find two or three more of the same
sort, I could bind them together and make a raft, on which
I might be paddled over to " Holland." I informed them,
moreover, what was the most favorable time for crossing;
namely, at the last of the tide, as the distance to be passed
would be less, and there would be no difficulty in effecting
a landing on the island. No additional materials presented
themselves, and the scheme was given up ; happily there
was no need of it. But, less happily, it now occurred to
me that what I then spoke in my own behoof might be
turned by the Indians to theirs, to our no small danger, in
case a more earnest and vigorous search should disclose,
along-shore, more abundant materials for extemporizing
transport craft.
Some of the men became so sorely afflicted with the
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 183
scurvy that we decided to land on tlie south shore and
chase some of the guanaco for fresh provision. Two of the
Frenchmen accompanied us. Just as we were getting off,
their countryman who was left behind came running to us,
with angry jabber and gesture, vociferating that one of
them had his gun. He seized it and was taking it out of
the boat, when the party dispossessed of it disputed his
progress, and a regular French fight of kicking and fisticuffs
ensued, which we had difiiculty in subduing. At last we
got off, but discovered only a lone guanaco in a hollow be-
tween the hills. We posted ourselves to surround him for
a shot. When he came out I had a fine chance at him as he
crossed the top of the hill, and made quite sure of him.
Unluckily, the flint-lock missed fire, and, before it was pos-
sible to burn any powder, our expected prey escaped. We
cruised about for several miles, and returned home tired
and empty.
The men continued their work, as usual, the next day ;
but a storm was brewing. On the following morning the
Frenchmen marched-up to the house, and demanded their
wages. They were told by Mr. Hall that he had none of
the proprietor's money, nor any authority to settle with
them. Then they would work no longer. Very well, they
were told, they might let work alone, but their wages and
rations could not be meddled with on demand. So they
indulged in another season of idleness and mischief. Their
first revenge was taken on old " John," the horse. On the
second day of their mutiny the poor animal was seen to
halt ; a hamstring was cut. He wa£ very fat, and was prob-
ably marked. by tl 3m for food, in default of fresh provision.
At all even's, Mr. Hall ordered him, as he was useless, to be
184 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
go dealt with. The men's rations were ssrved out, and the
rest was laid up in the store-house for future use. " Horse-
beef " has a strong and singular flavor. I had become
accustomed to such diet among the Patagonians, though
never privileged to partake of so fat a specimen as old John.
Not knowing to what height the mutinous spirit of his men
might carry them, Mr. Hall wrote a brief statement of his
affairs, and an account of my arrival on the island, and en-
closed them, together with what money and valuable papers
he had, in a tin box, which he buried at night in a guano-
heap. That would certainly be removed on Capt. White's
arrival, or by some one else, if he never returned; so that
our tale would not be lost, even though we should not sur-
\ive to tell it. The desperate character of the men, — all but
on-e or two of whom, as we had reason to believe, had left
their country for their country's good, — and the recklessness
of their behavior, made our situation rather ticklish. Our
fear of the Indians, moreover, was not laid entirely to sleep,
though all visible tokens of their neighborhood to us had dis-
appeared. By passing up and crossing the river, they might
approach us from the south shore, which was separated from
the island by a channel not more than half as broad as that
on the opposite side. The bank, to be sure, was steep and
muddy, involving the risk that they would be hopelessly
bemired in attempting to land ; but this was a weak security
against them, if they were resolute enough to make the
effort. Nothing occurred for several days to break the
monotony of life. No work was done ; the men received
their allowances f.wice a week, spending their time in wan-
dering over the island. The large boat needed rep^rs, but
they rendered no aid. We took advantage of high water,
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 185
rove tackles, and, by the help of rollers, drew it up high
and dry on the land. When it was finished, — through
fear that the men might seize it and make off to some place
northward, thus depriving us of our only means of escape,
if our provisions should be exhausted before Capt. White's
return, — it was turned over, and the sails and oars were
secured, as far as possible, from depredation.
Old John was devoured, to the partial relief of the com-
pany ; but some were still badly affected with scurvy. Yet
we were afraid to go any distance in search of fresh pro-
visions, on account of the risk of finding Indians about. The
carcass of a guanaco, just killed by the dogs, was picked up
in time to afford a sensible alleviation of suffering, and' to
replenish our rapidly wasting stock of provisions. Indians
without, discontent and mutiny within, and the possibility
of famine, together, would have made the island anything
but a paradise to one who had not so lately escaped the
purgatorial pains of a Patagonian captivity. The first of
these disagreeables, however, began to be less vividly felt.
We got tired of sweeping the horizon with our glass in
search of the smoke of their camp-fires, or other appear-
ances suggesting their vicinity, and gradually relaxed our
vigilance. Bose was released from his sentry duties, and
suffered to exchange such unwilling service for the society
of his friends the pigs. But we still took the axe into the
house by night, and kept our guns loaded. The boat had
to be launched once more, to go up the creek for water.
When it was unladed, we got the aid of a Spaniard and
Frenchman in drawing it on land, to prevent the rascals
from stealing it, by telling them that it needed painting,
which was true enough. The seine was next got out, to
186 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
see if some fish could not be had for the improvement of our
diet ; but we got what is vulgarly termed " fisherman's
luck," and spread the ineffectual net on the gravelly beach
to dry. Grown desperate, at last, we decided that, Indians
or no Indians, we must have fresh provisions, if any were
to be had, and manned the whale-boat for an expedition to
the continent. We landed on the south shore, and succeeded
in discovering and bringing down a solitary guanaco. The
game was dressed, and we returned to our home in triumph.
The two following days were chiefly spent in hunting,
unsuccessfully.
In the afternoon of the second day, having nothing else
to pass away the hours, I commenced repairing the lighter,
but had not been long at work before Mr. Hall came down,
with a smile. " Look out to sea ! " he exclaimed ; " Captain
White is coming." I looked as directed, and saw distinctly
two sail approaching. A thrill of joy shot through me ; I
thought no more of work that day. An examination
through the glass made them out to be a ship and a' fore-
and-aft schooner. Could it be any one else than Captain
White ? The island was not frequented by vessels except
for guano ; but it seemed very strange to see a schooner, as
a vessel of that rig was not adapted to such a service. Mr.
Hall began to think it might be some of General Kosas'
vessels despatched to drive away people engaged in taking
guano on the Patagonian coast. It had been reported, some
time before, that he designed doing so. He heard the rumor
a few months previous at Montevideo ; and also another,
that the Chilian government claimed the country, and were
determined to hold it.
The little schooner led the way, considerably in advance
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 187
of the ship. As the vessels approached nearer, they pre-
sented a decidedly Yankee look. We watched them with
intense interest, as they passed the shoals, and came up
with a favorable breeze, under a press of sail. Soon they
entered the river's mouth. • On passing the north point
the schooner stood up, keeping the north shore, and cast
anchor. It was evident they were not acquainted with the
navigation, as there is a large shoal running from the
upper end of the island nearly to the mouth of the river,
and they had sailed within it. On discovering the error,
she attempted to keep off, but, in so doing, struck the
lower end of the shoal. Mr. Hall manned the boat, and
boarded the schooner. She proved to be the Washington,
tender to the ship Hudson, Captain Clift, of Mystic, Con-
necticut, — a whaling vessel, just from the Falkland Islands.
Mr. Hall promised to go on board again during the follow-
ing forenoon, and pilot the vessel into the channel.
I went with him for this purpose ; and, as it was calm,
the anchor was hove aweigh, and, with the boat ahead, we
towed the schooner across the shoal, which at low water is
plainly to be seen, but now, at flood tide, had plenty of
water. After getting into the right position, the anchor
was dropped, and we spent the day on board very pleas-
antly. The weather held moderate till afternoon. The
ship yet lay off the mouth of the harbor, and made slow
progress upward. The schooner, the day before, being so
far ahead, had only daylight and wind enough to get in ;
and the ship, finding she would be benighted, as the wind
sank with the sun, hauled on and off during the night, and
then lay with scarcely wind enough to fill the sails. A
smart breeze, however, sprung up in the afternoon, and sha
16
L88 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
came gallantly into port, only repeating the mistake made
by the schooner between the channels ; but got off at night
with the tide, and, after some delay, anchored securely in
sufficient depth of water. As she intended making some
stay in port, she was subsequently taken further up to the
proper anchorage, and was moored on the 5th of October,
having come in on the 4th.
Captain Clift had been informed by the mate, who had
been ashore, and by Mr. Hall, of my misfortunes and
adventures among the Patagonians, and on the following-
day sent a message inviting me on board his vessel. He
received me very cordially, and insisted that I should
make his ship my home as long as it should suit my con-
venience to do so. I accepted his kind offer, first going on
shore, and communicating it to my liberal benefactor, Mr.
Hall. He at once assented that it would undoubtedly be
pleasanter to be with my countrymen. I could not leave
him, however, without endeavoring to express my earnest
gratitude for my rescue from a captivity worse almost than
death, and for the kindly sympathy and generous hospitality
that he had exercised for two months. In my destitute
condition I had nothing but thanks to give, and I fervently
hoped he might never be in a situation to need the like
kindness from others ; but he was assured, that whenever
or however it might be possible to show my gratitude in a
more substantial manner, it would be my happiness to do
so. He begged me to give myself no trouble on that score,
insisted on my retaining the articles of clothing with which
he had supplied me, hoped I would come often and see him
while the vessels continued there, and I bade this noble
specimen of the true-hearted Englishman a tearful good-bj .
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 189
CHAPTER X.
A Christian ship-master — Cruise for whales, and for a California-bound
vessel — An outlandish craft — An American vessel — Passage secured
for California — Tempestuous passage through the Straits of Magellan
— Warlike demonstrations, with an inglorious issue — Chilian penal
settlement — Pleading reception- Extensive coal-mine — Sea-lions —
Mutiny of the convicts, and awful fate of fche governor and chaplain.
CAPTAIN CLIFT cordially welcomed me to his ship, and im-
mediately tendered me whatever I might need for personal
comfort. I declined availing myself of his generosity,
assuring him that I could be comfortable with present sup-
plies ; but he insisted on replenishing my wardrobe, silencing
all objections by the remark that I plainly needed the
articles, and that it was a part of our duty on earth to
give to the needy. Captain Clift was a Christian in pre-
cept and example. He had daily prayer on board his ship,
and made his religion an inseparable part of himself;
something more than a profession, that did not expend
itself in words, but found expression in acts of kindness to
all within his reach. He had on board a poor sick Irish
lad, who was taken into the cabin, and nursed with all the
care that circumstances admitted. Had poor Mike been
his own son, he could not have done more for him. Such
acts, incapable of being traced to any sordid or selfish
190 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
motive, sprung spontaneously from his capacious heart,
full to overflowing with the milk of human kindness. As
the ship had been at the Falkland • Islands for several
months, where they lived exclusively upon fresh meat, it
seemed impossible that there should be a case of scurvy on
board ; but the captain remarked that the Patagonian
coast was the worst he ever visited in this respect.
The crew, under direction of the mate, a brother of the
captain, were busy in landing cattle, swine, empty casks
and other articles, to make room on board for trying out
whales, in case they captured any more, for which the
schooner was getting ready to cruise up and down the
coast. The mate went in the tender on her first trip out ;
but she returned, in three or four days, unsuccessful. A
second cruise was undertaken, but in a week's absence only
one whale was discovered, and this they failed to secure.
A third and still longer trip was equally unsuccessful, and
they returned not a little discouraged. During this time I
had repeatedly exchanged visits with Mr. Hall, and felt quite
comfortable in my new quarters ; but suffered the misery of
idleness, and of impatience at my detention, even among
such generous and considerate friends. Partially to relieve
the tedium of inactivity, in compliance with an urgent
request for some useful employment, I was allowed to
repair the ship's spanker. But I determined that, on the
next cruise of the tender, I would take a berth, in the hope
of falling in with some vessel bound around Cape Horn, or
to Montevideo, Rio Janeiro, Pernambuco, or any other
port from which it might be possible to secure a passage to
California, — a land I was resolved at least to see, after
having -£ot s) far on my way, though so inauspiciously.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 191
The vessel was soon ready to sail. The evening before
our departure Mr. Hall visited me, and also came in the
morning, before we were off ; — the whole-souled fellow !
I shall always pray for his happiness. Captain Clift
added to his other kindnesses by pressing upon me various
articles of comfort for the voyage, with a nice clothes-bag
to contain them all. I parted from them, heartily praying
a continuance of God's blessing on them both ; adding,
however, that it was very likely they would see me turning
up among them, like a bad penny, on the return of the
schooner. In truth, my natural buoyancy had so far died
out, that but faint hopes of a successful termination of the
voyage, begun, so long before, under auspices apparently
cheering, now encouraged me. We hove up the anchor,
hoisted sail, and steered out of the harbor and down the
coast, running off and standing in on the land, in hope to
fall in with whales. On the fourth day out, we discovered
a sail coming down the coast towards us. It proved to be
an outlandish-looking craft, from her rig appearing to be a
Portuguese schooner. We sailed towards her with a light
breeze, lowered our boat, and went alongside the foreigner.
She had on board a large crew of cut-throat looking fellows,
loitering about. We were not asked on board, but re-
mained in the boat talking with them through one of our
men, a Portuguese. They said they were from some place,
the name of which I have now quite forgotten, up the
Straits of Gibraltar, and were bound through the Straits
of Magellan to California. I suggested to Mr. Clift the
propriety of getting on board, and going to Port Famine or
to California. He said I could do as I pleased; but that,
16*
192 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
for his own part, he would feel hardly willing to trust him-
self among them, in which opinion I concurred.
Our Portuguese hand went on board, and talked with
the captain of my adventures* among the Indians, and of
the occupation, &c., of our schooner. He was directed to
inquire for whales, and brought us answer that several had
been seen along the coast, some distance to the northward.
While this conversation was going on, a tall, hairy fellow
came up from the cabin, encased in a dark-colored cloak
having a red collar, and stripes of the same hue running
about the edge ; a hood, or cap, of divers gaudy colors,
lay back on his shoulders, and another, gayly and pro-
fusely variegated in hue, was perched upon his head.
Altogether he was a comical-looking piece of human nature.
He took a look at our vessel through the glass. In answer
to an inquiry through our interpreter, we learned that
they had passed, the day before, an American schooner
bound that way, which could not be far off. One of the
sailors passed some liquor to us over the side of the vessel ;
it was sad stuff, and I could only out of compliment go
through with the form of drinking. While this little
courtesy was enacting, our Esau over-head was scanning
the horizon with his glass, and at length exclaimed that
he saw the vessel; we turned, and distinctly perceived a
sail making towards us.
We soon returned to the tender, and stood in for the
shore, in order to cut off the approaching stranger ; anx-
ious to meet her, I went aloft to the mast-head, where the
view was better, and kept the mate advised of her course.
When near enough to be watched from the deck, I came
down, as it was impossible she could escape us. Mr. Clift
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 193
offered to board her, and I accordingly picked up my
things, ready for contingencies ; the breeze was light, and
the strange schooner approached slowly. We stood in till
it was judged we were in her track, and then hove to, with
the stars and stripes flying at the main gaff, as a signal
that we wished to speak her. Presently the same beau-
tiful flag was run up her main peak; on she came, — our
boat was lowered, Mr. Clift jumped in with me, and we
were rowed alongside, the schooner rounding to, and laying
by for us to come on board. Captain Clift announced
himself to the master of the schooner, who came to the
side to receive us, and introduced me. He courteously
invited us on board, jocosely remarking that we had a
good many captains for one vessel, took us into the cabin,
and treated us with the greatest civility.
The schooner proved to be the Hopewell, of New Or-
gans, Captain Morton, from Antigua, and bound to San
Francisco, through the Straits of Magellan. There were
two passengers aboard, an American gentleman, and a Por-
tuguese, taken aboard at Bahia. At Captain, Morton's
request, I gave a sketch of my expedition and sojourn
among the cannibals. " You were bound to California
when you embarked ? " he inquired, when I had concluded ;
" I am bound there, and, if you wish to finish your voyage,
you can go with me." My mind was relieved ; I almost
feared to ask a passage, but my wish had been antici-
pated, — my request generously granted before it was
uttered. I gratefully accepted his offer ; remarking that
unless my vessel had arrived in safety, of which I had no
assurance, I should find myself as destitute on landing as
at that moment ; but that he could leave me at Port
194 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
Famine, if I became troublesome. The " John Allyne " I
supposed to have been lost soon after my capture ; I had
heard nothing of her since. He desired me to give myself
no trouble in that matter on his accountf and exerted him-
self to entertain us. As we were opposite the river Gal-
legos, and could easily run down to Cape Virgin during
the night, Captain Morton felt in no hurry; and the
% whaling schooner was very well posted for observation on
the coast, so that our men were well contented, and we
had a very pleasant social interview of^two or three hours.
Finally, after partaking of some refreshments, I bade adieu
to my excellent friend Mr. Clift, and the two vessels
parted, to pursue their different courses.
During the night, we worked our way down to the
straits. I sat up quite late with the captain; and, when
at length I retired to my statS-room, fell soundly asleep.
The next morning we were nearly opposite Cape Virgin,
the north point of the entrance to the straits. We were
rather wide off the cape ; the wind was ahead, and a good
strong . breeze ; we beat in at last, and anchored under
Point Dungeness. The Portuguese schooner was in the
offing ; she worked up before night, and anchored a little
to the windward of us. We lay at anchor through the
night ; the next morning we both got' under way, with a
light breeze, which lasted, however, but a little while,
when the wind came round ahead. As we were passing
Point Dungeness, — it was not fairly daylight, and I had
not yet risen, — Mr. F., one of the passengers, cried out
that the shove opposite was' lined with Indians. I hurried
on deck to get a peep at them ; upon looking, there ap-
peared a great schoo' of seals on the beach ; they seemed
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 195
to be standing up, and walking on their hind feet, so as
to have, in the dusk, very much the appearance of Indians.
With some difficulty we worked up to near the point
where the John Allyne lay when I made my unlucky visit
on shore, and came to anchor ; so that I was brought back
again almost to the starting-point of this " eventful his-
tory," — a revolution suggestive of many reflections.
The next day there canie a heavy gale ; the Portuguese
schooner had anchored on the preceding night, in the bight
of Possession Bay, further down. We lay heavily pitch-
ing at our anchors till afternoon, w^en Captain Morton
determined to get his anchors, if possible, and run down to
where the foreign schooner lay, thinking it might prove a
safe anchorage. After much trouble in raising the anchors,
we ran back, keeping the lead going/and running at«a
furious rate, under bare poles, excepting the head of the
jib. The whole bay was a sheet of surf and foam. I began
to think we had not much bettered our condition by re-
moving. We anchored abreast of our Portuguese friend,
but still dragged the anchors. We finally brought up by
securing some iron castings we had on board to the kedge ;
the chain-cable was reeved through them, — they were let
down ten or fifteen feet from the anchor. The small kedge
thus fixed, with the weight attached to the chain, ploughed
to the bottom, instead of being lifted out by the strain on
the cable, thereby performing the service of one many
times its weight. Our little vessel rode out the gale,
which was of short duration ; as the sun went down the
wind subsided. We had hoisted a small sail to the main-
mast, in shape ^esembling a leg of mutton, to make the
vessel ride hea-i to the wind, instead of lying in the trough
396 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
of the sea. The tide, running at the time strongly against
the wind, caused us to lie nearly broadside to the force of
the gale ; but this temporary sail, supplying the place of
after-sail, caused the craft to lie more steadily. Just
before sunset we got our anchors at the bow, and were
under close-reefed sail, beating back to the place we left
in the forenoon, near the first narrows. We arrived there
in the evening, and again anchored; the next morning,
with a light breeze from the eastward, we stood into the
narrows, in company with the Portuguese schooner. Soon
after we had passed through the narrows, the wind came
ahead ; we beat along, and anchored under Cape Gregory,
a fine anchorage.
Towards evening we discovered something sitting upon
a high, abrupt sand-cliff, on the bordering shore ; we could
perceive, by an occasional movement, that it was a living
creature. The object was of considerable interest, and
was closely inspected with the glass ; at last it was pro-
nounced to be an Indian. The shore was closely scanned
in all directions, to ascertain whether there were more in
the vicinity ; none were in sight, and we concluded to pay
the solitary a visit ; but, as hundreds might be concealed
in the neighborhood, we armed to the teeth. Old flint-lock
muskets, rusty with long idleness, were dragged from their
hiding-places, and treated to a dose of oil, to limber their
aged joints ; new flints were fitted to the locks, and every-
thing put in good order. The guns were heavily charged
with powder and shot : pistols and cutlasses, dirks and
bowie-knives, were all in readiness, and the boat was along-
side, manned by the sailors ready to receive us. Mr. F.,
the first and second mates, and myself, pushed off for the
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 197
shore. We landed at some distance from the object of
our visit, that we might have a better opportunity to
survey the country around. Before the boat fa.rly felt
the bottom, the second mate jumped into the water, and
ran along the beach, until he could see that the supposed
Indian was a large bird. He raised his gun, and fired ;
the bird came tumbling down the precipice, and, on run-
ning up, we found it to be a large condor. The Dutchman
had broken his wing. We caught our prize and took it
on board the vessel, and were heartily laughed at for our
pains by the captain, who had been viewing the onslaught
through the glass. Mr. F. was teased by him many days
for the intrepidity of his charge on the poor bird, rushing
to the attack with a drawn sword in one hand, and a cocked
pistol in the other. We all felt a little crest-fallen, I
must admit, after having made such formidable prepara-
tions for an Indian fight, to return with so inglorious a
prize ; but, as none of my former tormentors could reason-
ably be supposed to have strayed to this part of the
country, and I had no animosities towards other tribes to
be gratified, I felt, on the whole, very well satisfied with
the result. We measured the bird ; but, as I was not
" takin' notes " at the time, it is now impossible to give
its dimensions ; it was very large.
The next day we commenced beating under a head-wind
through the second narrows ; but, when partially through,
it commenced blowing so severely that we were compelled
to return to our anchorage at Cape Gregory. The follow-
ing day we double-reefed the sails, beat through the nar-
rows, 'and anchored in Oazy Harbor. Here we went on
shore, and discovered traces of Indians ; the smoke of their
198 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
fires was seen to the westward. We roamed about on
shore for some hours, but found nothing to interest us ; it
was all exceeding bare and monotonous. The breeze con-
tinuing fresh ahead, we remained one day in the harbor,
spending our leisure in shooting sea-fowls, which were very
abundant. Once more we got under way, and anchored off
the mouth of Pecket Harbor until daylight, then stood into
Royal Road, and passed to the westward of Elizabeth Island
into Catalina Bay.
Before passing Sandy Point, we saw several horses, and a
Chilian flag flying. We hauled in and came to anchor, as
we wished to procure wood and water.* A large gathering
of Spaniards from the settlement came to the shore. Among
them I noticed a little man, handsomely dressed, with a
beautiful cloak, and a cap having a wide gilt band ; he ap-
peared to be about fifty years old. A young man, of per-
haps thirty, of fine appearance, accompanied him. He was
dressed in military costume, blue trousers with white side-
stripe, blue coat with standing collar, and cloth cap with a
gilt band. These important personages were no less than
the governor and his highest officer. They were walk-
ing along in conversation, and came down to meet us as we
landed, shaking hands, and asking us where we were from,
whither bound, and if we stood in need of anything. Capt.
Morton could understand the Spanish, when spoken, easier
than he could speak it himself. I therefore acted as spokes-
man, and replied that we wanted wood and water. After
learning the quantity needed, his excellency gave his men
orders to cut and split the wood, and draw it to the shore ; and
said that if we would send our water-casks ashore, his men
should fill them. In due time both orders were executed,
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 199
and we received a good supply of these necessary stores
We were then invited to the governor's house. His table
was sumptuously spread, and we were entertained in the most
handsome style. He was a kind, gentlemanly man, and
refused to receive a penny for the supplies he furnished us,
but accepted some presents from the captain. The young
officer also treated us very politely, and hospitably enter-
tained us in his house. Our vessel remained here about a
week. Every day the governor sent us a large bucket of
sweet milk, and sometimes fresh beef. The place was a
Chilian penal settlement. He was about removing the col-
ony from Port Famine here, on account of the superiority
of the soil. The young soldier and the Catholic padre were
his principal officers. A part of the colony yet remained
at Port Famine.
One day, while walking out with the governor to look at
the settlement, he asked if we were acquainted with coal. I
replied, pointing to Mr. F., that he had been an engineer on
several steamboats, and ought to be able to judge of carbon,
as they called it. He sent his men along the little brook to
look for some. They soon returned with several small
specimens, which Mr. F. pronounced good coal. The gov-
ernor said that the little brook led up to a large coal-mine,
six or seven miles back, and he requested us to go and look
at it. The next day he renewed the proposal, offered us
horses and a man to clear the way, and said the padre would
accompany us. I hesitated a little, suggesting that we
might fall in with Indians. But he said, and the priest con-'
curred, that there was no danger on that score, and we con-
sented to go. We accordingly went on shore the following
morning, and found horses in readiness for us. Mr. F., the
17
200 THE CAPTITE IN PATAGONIA.
padre and myself, started off, accompanied by a Spaniard on
foot, armed with an axe, to clear away the obstructions in
our path. After leaving the settlement, we plunged into a
thick wood, on low, marshy ground, and followed a blind
trail, leading now over the trunk of a large tree, which our
horses leaped with difficulty, now across a quagmire, which
had to be filled with bushes to furnish a focthold, and again
was obstructed by an overhanging tree, or pendent branch,
which arrested our progress till it could be cut away. In
this manner we worked a passage for about a mile, when we
emerged into an upland region free from underbrush. By
this time, the thought recurred that it was rather impru-
dent travelling unarmed in that miserable country, infested
by savage men and wild beasts ; but I was in for it, and
jogged along with dogged resolution. The face of the coun*
try became more uneven as we proceeded, tall trees were
numerous, and we caught an occasional glimpse of snow on
the hills. We soon reached a height at which there was
abundance of snow. Our guide strode in advance, his Span-:
ish axe swung upon his shoulder, calmly whistling a tune
to himself. As we were descending a steep place, my horse
suddenly stopped, and bent his head and legs to the ground,
— the saddle slipped over his head, and his rider instantly
found himself about thirty feet below, his head and hands
stuck fast in the snow, and his heels elevated high in air.
A little smart exertion extricated me from my uncomfort-
able position. Our guide came to me, uttering maledictions
on the stumbling beast. Clambering with mo back t? where
the horse stood, he beat him soundly, and again girt the
saddle so tightly that I almost feared it wo-ild sovar his
body. I remonstrated, but he replied tha* it was a bad
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 201
horse, and was playing old tricks. At the bottom of the
declivity I remounted ; we travelled through the snow as
far as we could ride, the * left our horses and continued our
way on foot. The snow was very deep, in places frozen
hard enough to bear our weight. A walk of a mile or more
brought us, with some fatigue, to the coal-mine. But
there was such a depth of snow that we could see only here
and there a projection of coal in the banks of the brook
which runs down from the mountains to the settlement.
The coal was pronounced by Mr. F. to be of good quality
for steamboat use. Some pieces which we brought down
with us burned very freely, and emitted great heat. Mr. F.
thought it a great discovery, and had an inclination to
apply to the Chilian government for permission to work the
mine. The Buenos Ayrean government, also, I was in-
formed, laid claim to this desolate country. Forest trees,
of great size, both of hard and soft wood, appeared to be
abundant ; and numerous streams of water are convenient,
which could readily supply water-power sufficient to man-
ufacture almost any quantity of lumber. A canal might
very easily be dug to the straits, or a railroad might be
constructed, so as to take the coal, with little trouble, from
the mine to the colony. The padre said that an English
company, some time ago, started to explore this mine, but,
on account of the great depth of snow, gave up the enter-
prise without inspection.
We returned to the settlement before night, and went to
the young officer's house, where we were bountifully sup
plied with refreshments, and had a very pleasant, sociable
interview, into which the priest entered with due spirit, in
respect both to the physical and mental refreshments. Eo
202 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
turned to the vessel at dusk. The next morn; ^ we landed
some goods, and traded with the people. I1he principal
articles purchased were cougar-skins, guanaco-skins, and a
few ostrich-skins, sewed together in the form of a cape, the
long feathers being extracted, leaving a soft, downy sur-
face. The governor asked permission, which the captain
readily granted, for some of the women to visit the vessel
and trade on board ; and in the afternoon half a dozen or
more of them visited us, viewed the vessel, purchased such
articles as they wanted, and were then set on shore. We
spent here a day or two more very agreeably, trading with
the convicts and gunning in the vicinity of the settlement.
We had a little sport in trying to capture some sea-lions
that were gambolling around the vessel, but were unsuc-
cessful. We saw the skin of one that had been captured by
one of the convicts ; it was black, covered with a thick coat
of course hair, or rather bristles. In size they were about
equal to the common bull-dog. They rise every now and
then to the surface of the water, to blow, like a porpoise.
We bade the governor, the young officer and the padre, an
affectionate farewell. Their kindness and courtesy had
made our visit so agreeable that we were almost sorry to
leave them. Not long after our departure, we were shocked
to learn that they had met with a sudden and cruel fate.
The convicts mutinied, and rose upon the officers. The gov-
ernor and ttfe priest succeeded in reaching the opposite
shore, where they remained three days without food. They
decided to return to the settlement, and abide the conse-
quences, whatever they might be. The convicts bound them
hand and foot, roasted them alive, burned their bones, and
danced over their ashes ! We had parted from them ex-
TUK CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. #03
pecting never again to see their faces, but had loved to
think of them as still inhabiting that bleak shore, turning
it, by the magic of their cheerful temper, into a pleasant
garden, and warming it in the glow of their kindly hearts.
Their end was in such fearful contrast to their lives, and
did such violence to our remembrance of their virtues, that
the tidings affected us with a sense of personal loss, and
made that lonely spot at once among the happiest and the
saddest of iny experience.
17*
iS04 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
CHAPTER XI.
Port Famine — St. Nicholas' Bay, and its inscriptions — Politeness of the
Indians declined — Difficulty of navigating the straits — A post-bag in
a bottle — An English steamer, and its humane errand — Exertions of
the British government to rescue prisoners in Patagonia — American
schooner — Celebration of our safe passage through the straits — Juan
Fernandez — News from home — A chapter of accidents — A trip to
Lima — Almost an adventure — Arrival at San Francisco- — Journey to
the mines — A happy meeting.
OUR next stopping-place was Port Famine. We were
visited, the first evening after we anchored, by the acting
governor of the colony and their Irish doctor. The captain
and myself went on shore the next day, and made a very
agreeable visit to the officers, who treated us with much
politeness. We spent two or three days here. We next
cast anchor in Saint Nicholas' Bay, a beautiful harbor.
Going on shore, we observed the names of a number of
vessels that had preceded us through the straits carved
upon trees, with the dates of the several inscriptions ; we
added our own to the catalogue. There were some de-
serted bush-huts, probably of Terra-del-Fuegans, who fre-
quently cross over the straits in their canoes, when fishing.
A small, shallow stream, of much beauty, flows into the
harbor ; we rowed up it for some distance, gunning on the
CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 205
banks. From this point, several ineffectual attempts were
made to advance ; but we were driven back as soon as we
cleared Cape Frowaid, and obliged to retreat to our an-
chorage. Our vessel was flat, and could not hold on before
a stiff breeze, but was inclined, like a crab, to move side-
ways The wind having subsided, we made sail late in
the afternoon, succeeded in doubling Cape Froward, and
dropped anchor in Snug Bay ; but, not being pleased with
our position, weighed anchor, and continued our course to
Fortescue Bay. In passing Cape Holland we saw a large
company of Indians. They paraded on the shore with
dingy flags flying, and waved skins in the air to invite our
approach ; but we kept on our way without noticing them ;
anchored, the next afternoon, in Port Gallant, — a fine
harbor, sheltered from all winds. We observed the wreck
of some large vessel, and conjectured that it might be that
of a French bark of which we were told at Port Famine,
which was run ashore and plundered by the Indians, who
murdered the crew. We were advised to keep a sharp
look-out for Indians here, which we failed not to do ; but
none made their appearance. As we beat up Crooked
Reach, and passed the end of Carlos III. Islands, we dis-
covered a white flag flying on the Terra-del-Fuegan shore.
Thinking it might be the signal of some white people who
had been shipwrecked, we stood over into the opposite
channel, near enough to see Indians and their canoes on
the beach, ready to pay us a visit. We hove about, hav-
ing no desire to make their acquaintance, and anchored,
towards night, in the beautiful Borga Bay, opposite.
The most difficult and dangerous feature of navigation
in the straits is the encountering of sudden and violent
206 THE CA7.»TIVE IN PATAGONIA.
squalls, which strike the vessel without the least warning,
and are frequently enough to wreck her in a few minutes
even in the hands of the most experienced seamen. We
found on shore inscriptions of California-bound vessels, as
before. On a branch of a tree overhanging a little stream,
we found a bottle suspended, containing papers. This was
taken on board, and its contents examined. Three or four
vessels, passing through the straits, had left memoranda of
their experience, — such as snow-storms, loss of spars,
anchors, chains, &c. Captain Morton wrote a humorous
account of our voyage, to deposit in this repository of curi-
osities ; and I added a contribution, narrating my capture
by the Indians and escape, with a request that, if it should
fall into hands bound for the United States or England, it
might be published. I little thought that it would bear to
my anxious friends the first intelligence of my safety. I
left letters at Sea-Lion Island, to be forwarded by the first
opportunity, which failed to reach their destination ; but
this, bottled and suspended from a tree in the wilderness,
first fell into the hands of an Indian, who sold it to some
passing trader, by whom the soiled writing was deciphered,
and kindly forwarded to Smith's News-room, in Boston,
and was published in the " Boston Atlas."
Our progress was slow, both wind and tide being against
us ; a strong current set constantly to the eastward. At
Swallow Harbor, where we next anchored, we were com-
pletely sheltered from the winds, except that which came
down from the lofty mountains, called by the sailors " wil-
lewaws." The scenery around is exceedingly wild. There
was a beautiful waterfall on the mountain side, the stream
probably fed by melting snow. We stopped at many
THE CAPT VE IN PATAGOJSLA. 207
harbors as we passed alcng, most of them quite secure when
entered, but difficult of access. Half-port Bay, at which
we touched, is very properly named. It is but a slight in-
dentation in the land, and has a bottom affording very
poor holding-ground, covered with kelp ; besides, it is very
imperfectly sheltered from the wind. While lying here we
had a severe gale from the westward, which produced con-
siderable " chop." Our vessel dragged her anchors, in con-
sequence of their becoming foul with kelp. However, by
dropping our kedge-anchor, and loading the chains, we
succeeded in arresting our motion before striking the rocks.
We had a narrow escape.
At Cape Monday, having cast anchor, we discovered, tow-
ards night, a steamer on the Patagonian side, bound west-
ward. Our colors were set, as there were indications of a
dark and stormy night, and the steamer turned about and
steered for our harbor. This was a pleasant circumstance,
as the captain meant, if possible, to get towed through the
straits. The vessel anchored near us, and proved to be the
Fire Fly, Captain Smith master, built for an English
gentleman residing in Talchuana, and now bound to Val-
paraiso. Captain Smith had his daughter with him, and
half a dozen passengers. We visited them, and were very
civilly received, invited into the cabin, and introduced to
the young lady. On hearing my name, she observed that
they found at Borga Bay a paper in a bottle, describing
the captivity of a person bearing the same name in Pata-
gonia, with an account of his escape. Captain Morton
informed her that I was the writer of that document. " Is
it possible ? " she exclaimed ; " then you are the hero of
those adventures ! " 'I certainly am the unfortunate
208 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
person tXere described," I replied, "though wholly un-
deserving the name of hero." She expressed, as did all the
passengers, much sympathy, and asked many questions in
regard to the treatment received and the life led during
my captivity.
Captain Smith suggested that I might be able to give
hinc some information in regard to two Englishmen who
had been captured by the savages. He had orders from
the Board of Admiralty to make search at any places at
which he might touch on the Patagonian coast, and en-
deavor to learn something of their fate. I told him that I
knew something of certain English prisoners in that country,
and proceeded to relate what I had learned from the In-
dians of the murder of Captain Eaton, and the capture and
subsequent murder of Messrs. Sims and Douglass ; giving
the names of the vessel and the prisoners from information
communicated by Mr. Hall. Captain Smith produced his
letter of instructions, and the names and circumstances
perfectly coincided, except that the instructions described
the Avon as a ship, while she was styled by Mr. Hall as a
brig ; an immaterial variation, as all classes cf vessels
often pass under the general designation of " ships." My
deposition of the facts was written out by two of the pas-
sengers, and, having been read to me, I signed it, for trans-
mission to England. The English government, Captain
Smith said, had been at great pains and expense to obtain
information of those unfortunate young men, who belonged
to highly respectable families in England, and to facilitate
their escape. Boats 1 ad been sent out and buried in the
sand, and a great number of handkerchiefs had been
printed, containing particular statements of the situation of
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 209
the buried boats ; these had been distributed to vessels
bound near the Patagonian coast, to be thrown ashore, in
the hope that they might be picked up by Indians, and
thus convey the desired information to the prisoner^, if
they were living. In hearing what the British government
had done for its unfortunate subjects, I indulged in some
bitter remarks on the supposed neglect of our government
in respect to my fate, in leaving me (as I presumed to
think) to perish aiming cannibals, without making any
effort to learn my fate, or to rescue me from destruction ;
remarks of which I had abundant cause to be ashamed,
when I learned what had been actually attempted in my
behalf.
We could effect no arrangement to be towed by the
steamer, as the captain said his stock of fuel was too small
to warrant running the risk of being retarded; besides, in
case of accident, it would affect his insurance. We spent
part of the evening on board the steamer ; very soon after
returning to our ship, a boat, containing two or three of
the passengers, drew up alongside, and a package was put
into my hands containing ten dollars, and a letter, signed
by the captain and passengers, requesting my acceptance
of the gift, as a slight token of their regard and sympathy.
While returning my hearty thanks for such a demonstra-
tion of kindness to a stranger, I begged to decline the
money; but they urged its acceptance, and I reluctantly
gratified their wishes.
All the next day we beat along, till we found anchorage
at Round Island for the night. On nearing the harbor, a
mast was observed on the rocks, lying partly out of the
wat jr. I took the boat, early the next morning, to ascer-
210 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
tain if it was attached to a wreck; but found that it wa,«s
loose, and mudt have drifted there. I knocked off the iron
band and cross-trees from the mast-head, and brought them
on board our vessel. At Tamer Harbor, our next port,
we noticed the wreck of a new vessel, lying well up on
the shore, her bottom badly shattered by the rocks on
which she had been driven, and both masts gone ; it proved
to be the "John A. Slitter," of Rhode Island. On the
opposite shore were parts of iron-mills, and other machin-
ery, probably designed for use in California. The shore
was strewed with trunks and chests, from the wreck ; she
had been stripped of everything valuable. The cabin on
deck had been cut, and partially burned, by those touching
at the harbor. We fished up a bundle of steel rods from
the hold, which was partly filled with sand and water.
The vessel had been wrecked, as we afterwards ascertained,
in a thick fog, on one of the little islands off the western
mouth of the straits, and drifted back to the harbor, where
we found her. While we were here, the schooner Julius
Pringle, of New London, bound to California, came in and
anchored. The next day a fine wind bore us to Mercy
Harbor, the last anchorage in the Straits of Magellan.
The harbor is a good one ; and we determined not to leave
it till we had a good wind, that would take us well out,
far enough to clear the islands lying off the north side.
We remained several days waiting for a south-westerly
wind, during which delay a pilot-boat, bound for the
golden country, came up with us. Our time here was
spent very agreeably ; our passage through the straits had
consumed fifty-one days, and had been effected without
accident, though we had witnessed repeated tokens of dis-
THE CAPTIYE IN PATAGONIA. 211
aster to some of our predecessors. By way of celebrating
our success, we got up a " clam-bake," minus the clams, in
lieu of which we collected and roasted a quantity of mus-
cles, by burying them in the earth, and applying hot
stones ; they proved excellent eating, and we had " a good
time."
Our mate, who was a sensible young man, of good educa-
tion, had two foibles ; he was a decided grumbler, and, in
his conviviality, he was a little too far from total absti-
nence. He had a particular dislike of a dog on board,
purchased at Sandy Point, — a thievish rascal, that always
had his nose in anything that was dirty ; even the tar and
slush-buckets did not escape his attentions. On the even-
ing of the clam-bake, the mate was a little exhilarated ;
and, having pulled off his pea-jacket preparatory to " turn
ing in " for the night, he seized Bose, mistaking him for
the jacket he had just dropped, and threw him into his
berth. The dog was not at all displeased with such com-
fortable quarters, and lay down very nicely with his
unexpected bed-fellow. I observed the mate, the next
morning, sitting near his berth, yawning; his eyes pres-
ently rested on the detested Bose ; his feet were in quick
motion, and an unceremonious kick turned the dog out as
suddenly as he had been turned in. The incident afforded
us a hearty laugh at the mate's expense, who became, for
the rest of the voyage, a decided temperance man.
Tired of our detention, we put off in unfavorable weath-
er ; the Pringle and the pilot-boat (whose name I have
forgotten) getting out with us, but we found it expedient
to retreat to our anchorage. A gale soon followed, which
prolonged our stay ; when its fury was past, we got out
18
212 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
and proceeded northward, for Callao. In passing the port
of Juan Fernandez, we saw a whaling-ship just putting
out to sea ; we had designed to stop here for some supplies,
but concluded that we could better obtain them at Callao
and held on our course. In our way to Callao we spoke
the bark Sarah, Captain Morse, from New Bedford,
bound to California with a company of sixty members,
of which Captain Morse was president. Our captain told
them that he had on board a man from New Bedford, —
Captain Bourne, — escaped from captivity among the
Indians. Captain Morse replied that he recollected the
sloop of war Vandalia was sent down to the straits in
search of him. Presently a crowd of persons surrounded
the captain of the Sarah, who appeared to be talking ear-
nestly ; the bark was soon hove to, and several gentlemen
from New Bedford came to us in a boat. They seemed
overjoyed to find me alive and well, and made numerous
inquiries about my captivity- and rescue. They informed
me that the Vandalia was despatched by our government
to my relief, with orders to punish my captors, if expedient
and practicable. From them, also, I gained the first in-
formation concerning my ship and shipmates; it seemed
that the vessel, with the Hebe and the J. B. Gager, lost
their chains and anchors in the straits, and dragged out to
sea. The John Allyne, after steering two or three days
for Montevideo, to repair and obtain supplies, ascertained
that they had water enough aboard to carry them around
Cape Horn, the only practicable course, as, without chains
and anchors, it was impossible to enter the straits. With
the concurrence of all on board, it was decided to attempt
the passage round the cape as they were. They encoun
THE CAPTIYE IN PATAGONIA. 213
jerci a gale off the Horn ; and, while lying to, the vessd
was knocked on her beam ends. The second mate, Mr. F.
Drapo, of New Bedford, was washed overboard, and lost ;
sthers were badly bruised, some narrowly escaping the
doom of the mate. The cabin partly filled with water ;
but the schooner righted, with the loss of spars, sails, bul-
warks, caboose, and stanchions. She finally weathered the
gale, and arrived at Valparaiso, forty-one days after I was
left in Patagonia. Here the vessel was repaired, at great
cost, and proceeded safely to California. After the rela-
tion of this chapter of accidents, I gave them a brief nar-
rative of my adventures among the Patagonians ; they
returned towards night to their ship. The wind was light,
and in the morning we were still near each other ; several
of the passengers came to us in a boat, bringing with them
a quantity of American newspapers. I found in them
notices of the disasters that befell my vessel, and the par-
ticulars of my capture. The papers were lent to me until
we should meet at Callao, — a great favor ; their contents
were ^devoured with a high relish, as they were the first
American papers I had seen since my capture. Both
vessels arrived safely, on the third day afterwards, at
Callao.
In the evening after our arrival, I went with the cap-
tain and Mr. F. on board the Sarah, and spent an hour
very agreeably. The passengers had agreed to take the
diligence next morning, and visit the city of Lima, six
miles distant, and they invited us to join them. Mr. F.
assented, but I declined, preferring, on the whole, to
remain on shipboard. The party were on shore botimes
the next morning, except Mr. F., who consumed so much
214 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
time in urging me to go with them, in which Ccaptain
Morton joined, that he said the company must have got
off; and, unless I would accompany him on horseback, he
would have to bear me company in the ship; so, rather
than disappoint him, though caring but little personally
for the jaunt, I yielded. We went ashore immediately,
procured horses, and, having found our friends, rambled
over the city, viewing the numerous public buildings by
which it is adorned. We were continually beset by shriv-
elled, cadaverous beggars ; they posted themselves at
every corner, and besought us, by the Blessed Virgin, to
give them alms. The day passed, on the whole, so pleas-
antly, and there remained so many objects of interest
unvisited, we rather regretted that it was not longer. The
diligence drove up to the hotel towards evening, to take
our friends to the port; we started for our horses, intend-
ing to overtake and accompany them in their drive, but
missed our way. Some time elapsed before we found our-
selves at the gate of the city, opening on the beautiful
public road to Callao. As we passed out, we drew up at
a respectable-looking ranche ; two young Spaniards ap-
peared to be the only occupants. With some little delay,
during which one of the two stepped out at a back door,
we procured cigars, lighted them, and were moving towards
the entrance. Whilst I was paying for them, my com-
panion got the start of me. As I was placing my foot in
the stirrup, twenty or thirty mounted horsemen dashed
through the gateway, up to the house. They were armed
to the teeth; their holsters stuck full of pistols, and I
could free shining blades protruding through their gar-
ments. They had a despera'e, lawless look, unlike that
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 215
of sol liers or civil officers, and it seemed to me they were no
bettei than they should be. I thought of tiie delay in giving
us our cigars, and it struck me that one of the troop strongly
resembled the fellow who stepped out so quietly on our en-
trance. I sprang into the saddle and gave my horse two or
three smart raps, under the stimulus of which he cleared the
causeway between the sidewalk and the road at a single bound,
and speedily overtook my companion. He had caught a
glimpse of the armed cavalcade, and we urged our horses at
full speed for about a mile, without looking back. On turn-
ing, nothing was seen but a long streak of dust. We then
compared notes touching the armed men, and agreed that
we were best off at a distance from them. We made the
best of our way to Callao, which we reached a little after
dark, and found the captain delighted at our safe return, as
he had feared some accident, having heard since morning of
several robberies lately committed on that road. He had
been told that a perfect understanding existed between the
robbers and the people of Callao, who gave daily intelli-
gence of persons leaving the port for the city ; and that
even officers of the government were suspected of conniving
at these outrages, if not actually in league with the banditti.
As yet, all attempts to ferret them out and break up their
combination had failed. Our description of the party we en-
countered so far agreed with the statements of American
residents at Callao, that we were congratulated, and felt
disposed to congratulate ourselves, on our safe journey.
Neither of us was burdened vriihplata, and we had no more
effective weapons than our jack-knives.
As a national vessel had been ordered to the coast of
Patagonia for my relief, I thought it my duty to report
18*
216 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
myself the aext; day to the American consul, who was much
interested by the recital of my experience. The brig Ann
and Julia, Captain McAlister, of New Orleans, came into
port a day or two after. Captain McAlister said that the
Vandalia came into Rio Janeiro while he was there, shipped
more men, and sailed southward in great haste.
Having obtained wood and water and other necessary
supplies, we put out to sea once more. I must not omit to
record the kindness shown, and the still greater kindness
tendered me, by the captain of the Sarah, and all the
members of the company. They offered me a free passage
and any assistance I might need on arrival in California ;
but the generosity of Captain Morton had supplied all pres-
ent needs, and, with all gratitude for their proffered aid, I
was not willing to tax their bounty in advance. We stood
well to the westward before crossing the line, as only light
winds can be expected before reaching from five to seven
degrees of north or south latitude, when the trade-winds set
in. We had a passage of thirty -seven days from Callao to
San Francisco, which was in very good time, considering the
sailing qualities of our vessel. We anchored in the beauti-
ful harbor, February 19, 1850, one year and seven days
from the date of my leaving New Bedford.
Any description of San Francisco would be altogether
superfluous, as her streets, even, are familiar in the states
as household words. I found, upon going ashore, letters from
those most dear to me, which had long awaited my arrival ;
also one from a brother then in California. He stated that
immediately on hearing of my misfortunes he started for San
Francisco to see Commodore Jones, then on that station, and
to induce him to make an effort for my release.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 217
On making his business known, the gallant commodore
informed him that he had already heard of it, and had de-
spatched the sloop-of-war Levant for my rescue, in the full
confidence that the enterprise would be successful. When
I was telling the Indian council that nourishing story of my
consequence at home, and of the big ships and little ships, the
big guns and little guns, that were at my command, ready
to avenge any mischief they might do me, I little thought
how literally the action of our government, and the spon-
taneous kindness of Commodore Jones, were verifying my
words. The sympathy manifested in my behalf by the gal-
lant commodore deserves more than this passing notice.
My brother also left a deposit of funds against my arrival,
if it ever occurred, of the probability of which he was in
some doubt ; also his address, and that of another brother,
who was then at the mines. I could learn but little as to
the fate of my vessel, or of my effects on board, except that
she had duly arrived there, and, after much disagreement
and dispute among the company, had been sold for a trifle
above the costs of repair on the passage. This operation, I
thought, savored little of Yankee shrewdness; since we
arrived at a later date, with a vessel of about the same size
age and value, at a time when shipping was in less demand,
and sold her for nearly three times the amount. I was
happy to meet many acquaintances, who gave me a hearty
welcome, and showed me kindness I can never forget.
The schooner J. Pringle, from which we parted on issuing
from the Straits of Magellan, arrived in port very soon
after us, having touched at Valparaiso. Her captain said
that he found thf sloop-of-war Vandalia at Valparaiso, to
obtain chains and an anchor, as she had lost one anchor and
218 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
one hundred and thirty fathoms of chain in Possession Bay,
and was obliged to double Cape Horn. She was to sail again
for Patagonia as soon as the damages were repaired, enter-
ing the western mouth of the straits. Captain B. reported
my escape, and that I was safe on board the Hopewell, for
California, informing the officers that he parted company
with me at Mercy Harbor — intelligence that was received
with demonstrations of lively pleasure.
Being unable to obtain any information of my personal
effects, left on the John Allyne, I left this mushroom city
on the third day after my arrival, and took passage in the
steamer Senator for Sacramento, at the moderate fare of
twenty-five dollars for a passage of a few hours' duration.
I found this city of rag houses full of the indications -of its
recent and rapid settlement. The streets abounded in mud, a
foot or more in depth. Here I recovered my chest, but the
trunks containing my clothing were missing. Our company,
it appeared, had broken up, and its members were dispersed
hither and thither in the mines, every man for himself. My
brothers, as near as I could ascertain, were seventy miles
distant, possibly removed to the Middle Fork of the Ameri-
can river, and I decided to start on foot. Accordingly, hav-
ing purchased, at enormous prices, a pair of red flannel
blankets, thick boots, a rifle and revolver, and other neces-
sary equipments, I set out for the mines the next morning,
in company with two or three persons from the States. The
road was exceedingly muddy, but materially improved after
passing Slitter's Fort. We had travelled ten miles, when I
found that my feet were so badly blistered that I could
proceed no farther, and advised my companions to go on with-
out me. My fe»t were in fact almost completely skinned.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 219
After resting at a public-house till the next morning, and
encasing my sore feet in a pair of poor, thin shoes, I pursued
my journey. 1 made very slow progress. An ox-team
overtook me, the owner of which kept a house, or, more prop-
erly speaking, a booth, for boarding and lodging miners,
five or six miles ihead. He kindly offered me a ride, which
I gladly accepted, and lodged with him for the night.
My journey the next day was less fatiguing ; on the day
following I arrived at Georgetown, where I found that my
brothers had built them a house and spent the winter, but
had now left the place, and removed to the Middle Fork.
The distance was twenty miles by one route and fifteen by
another. The longest road was considered the best, and I
followed it, lodging at night in a low grog-shop, denomi-
nated an inn. A snow-storm detained me here during the
next forenoon. By noon it appeared to have cleared up,
and I resumed my march, but had not gone more than a
mile before it began snowing again, as fast as before ; yet I
was resolved not to turn back. The snow, however, fell so
fast, and with increasing violence, and the road was so
wretched, that this resolution was somewhat shaken. The
way led through a forest of lofty pines, the land broken by
deep gulches and high hills. As I trudged along through
the deep snow, my attention was suddenly attracted to a
clump of bushes by the wayside, that appeared to wave to
and fro, as if agitated by something more than wind. I felt
for my knife and pistol, to make sure they were where they
could be made immediately available, placed my hand on
the lock of my rifle, and awaited in silence the approach of
my unseen visitor. Presently a pair of large, glistening
eyes glared at me through ci opening in the bushes. Noth-
220 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
ing else was discernible ; the form, and even the head, of
the animal to whom these fierce optics appertained, could
not be made out. But their gaze was fixed steadily upon
me, and I returned it with equal steadiness, if not equal
brilliancy and effect, without once changing my position. I
had heard of looking wild animals out of countenance,
and determined to try the experiment, before resorting to
any other decisive measures. After gazing fixedly at the
mysterious occupant of the thicket for a few minutes, he
turned and walked leisurely away, giving me only an im-
perfect view of his figure. So far as I could distinguish
the shape, it appeared to be a grisly bear, though not of the
largest size. I was glad to get rid of so ugly a customer
on such easy terms, and went on my way rejoicing, though
it was a weary and desolate one.
Being very much fatigued, I halted at the foot of a large
oak-tree, as the shades of evening were closing around me,
with the design of climbing it, and spending the night as
comfortably as I could in its branches, — the lodging that
I had anticipated might be the only available one. But,
after a few minutes' rest, I roused my flagging energies and
concluded to feel — for I could not see — my way a little
further, before roosting for the night. The darkness of the
*jight, deepened by the storm, hid the path so effectually,
that the Yankee faculty of guessing was called into abun-
dant exercise. I trudged along, however, with dogged deter-
mination, which was very soon rewarded. Half a mile had
scarcely been passed, when a bright light greeted me, issuing
from a tent. Walking up to it, I found it occupied by three
men, emigrants from the vicinity of my native place. They
cordially -welcomed and hospitably entertained me, oil
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 221
learning who I was, and promised me every asfc..«tanee in
their power.
The next morning I set out again, and reached the river.
I was at no loss to designate the spot where my brothers
were likely to be found, but a formidable barrier inter-
posed : a rapid and swollen stream separated us, just as we
were almost within speaking distance. I walked along the
shore to find a log or some wood with which to construct a
float ; nothing could be found. It was a grievous disap-
pointment ; my evil star, I thought, had not yet waned.
At the opposite shore, fastened to the branch of a tree, lay
a snug little raft, as if in mockery. I must spend the
night, it seemed, on the river banks, without food or shelter,
and within sight of my friends. Just before night I was
fortunate enough to descry a man on the further shore, who
appeared to be on the look-out for some one, and hailed him.
He answered, and forthwith took me over. I was soon in
the presence of my two brothers, neither of whom at first
recognized me. It was a happy meeting, and on their part
wholly unexpected, as they had given me up for lost.
After many congratulations and innumerable questions,
rapidly interchanged, I mentioned the difficulty I had in
making the last stage of the journey to them, — the passage
of the river. They said that they were on the look-out that
evening for one of their number; otherwise, I might hava
staid there a week without attracting the attention of any-
body. ^They congratulated me on my ill success in search-
ing for a log, or the materials to construct a float. The
attempt to cross would have been extremely hazardous, and
very likely fatal. The river was full of rapids, eccentric
currents, and other perils, making it at all times difficult to
222 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
cross, with the best facilities that could be commanded.
Of all this I had ample confirmation in no long time after,
Two men started to paddle themselves over in a canoe at
the same place. Before they reached the opposite shore,
their canoe was borne down the stream into the rapids, and
dashed to pieces against the rocks. One of them was
drowned ; the other caught the top of a small tree just
before reaching the rapids. By collecting all the ropes and
lines we could find, attaching a stone to one end and throw-
ing it within his reach, the means of rescue, after several
trials, were put into his power. Such was the roar of the
waters we could not speak in tones audible by him, but
made signs to him to secure the rope about his body, and he
was drawn to the shore in safety. A similar accident after-
wards happened to one of my brothers, in attempting to
cross with another man upon a raft. The swift current
drifted them within the power of the rapids, and it was only
by the greatest exertions that they escaped the boiling abyss
below.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 223
CHAPTER XII.
A gigantic speculation, with a dwarfish result — Peiils of waters — Sick-
ness and bereavement — Growth of Sacramento and San Francisco —
Voyage homeward — Imposition on shipboard — Panama — Havana —
Home — Concluding observations — Practicability of Christian missions
in Patagonia considered.
ON my arrival at the mines, T found my brothers en-
gaged in a company of twenty men, organized for the
purpose of tunnelling a mountain ridge, and digging a
raceway at its base, with a view to dam the river and
turn it through the tunnel. By this means the bed of the
river, for a mile or more, would be laid bare, and gold in
great profusion, it was believed, would be discovered.
Nineteen of the members were on the ground ; the twentieth
was unable to come ; and, though there were several ap-
plicants for the vacancy, I was chosen to fill it. We
commenced operations in about a week. It may give a
clearer idea of the magnitude of the work, to state that an
excavation, twelve feet wide by seven deep, was made, by
blasting through rock (slate and granite) a distance of
over a hundred feet. The race was nearly half a mile in
length; the prices paid for every article of food were
enormous. Before turning the river, we let out the ex-
19
224 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
peeled field of gold to be worked by seven nundred men,
who were to give us one-half of the produce ; there was
great expectation. The work was the greatest of this
nature that had yet been undertaken in California; we
had worked hard through a whole season, and brought it
to a successful completion, without any fatal accident,
though several dangerous circumstances had threatened to
retard its progress. Everything being prepared, the dam
was closed, the river rose, — pressed, as if angrily, against
the new barrier that opposed its wonted flow, — and then
sullenly explored the novel course that solicited its waters
The dry channel was eagerly attacked; but, alas for
human hopes ! it proved to be anything but rich ; in fact,
it was less favorable for working than the average, and
the diggers abandoned the spot, leaving the company cha-
grined, and greatly disheartened at their fruitless con-
clusion.
I came very near being delivered from this disappoint-
ment, and from all other earthly cares, — those of author-
ship included, — by a hasty trip into the rapids. During
the intervals of our work, a young man of the company
undertook with me to construct a canoe, and establish a
ferry for passengers across the river. Our skiff, on its
completion, was carried by all hands to the river bank, and
committed to the stream, with all the ceremonies customary
on the launching of larger craft. A successful adventure
was made, the next day, with one passenger. On the
following day six miners applied for passage ; I took half
of them on board, with their picks, pans and shovels, and
started with them. We had approached within ten feet
of the opposite bank, when a counter-current suddenly
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 225
struck us, whirled the head of the boat from the direction
of the shore, and, in spite of the utmost exertion, carried
us into the stream, and almost over the rapids. By a suc-
cessful manoeuvre we turned her head up stream, and
paddled moderately till we had passed the dangerous spot.
At length, after a great struggle with imminent danger,
in the midst of which the passengers were praying and
crying for mercy and help, we reached some trees, standing
in the swollen stream. By taking hold of one of the
branches the boat was brought to, but with such violence
as to dash in her side ; we sprang safely into the trees as
soon as the boat struck. Our friends on shore cut poles,
and extended them to us, by help of which we were soon
on terra firma. Our boat rolled over, and sunk. An attack
of dysentery soon after interrupted my work, but not for a
great length of time.
After the failure of our river speculation, I spent some
time " prospecting " for a desirable " digging." Before
one was discovered that offered much inducement, I was
again prostrated by illness, during which my brothers
joined me, with the mournful intelligence that my little
son was no more ! These heavy tidings, at such a time,
proved almost too much for an enfeebled body and anxious
mind; it was the thought of my little family that nerved
ray spirit against despair, in the darkest hours of captivity.
A blow there turned my strength into weakness, and my
weakness well-nigh into absolute helplessness.
It would be too far from the purpose of this volume
to solicit the reader's company through all my wanderings
for a year and a half in this wonderful country, to which
BO many high hopes are carried, and from which so many
226 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
sad iisappoi itments are daily borne. It is enough to say
that I had six successive attacks of sickness, the last the
most severe of all ; I was brought to death's door, and
had little hope of seeing home again.- After a month's
illness, my medical attendant advised a return to the
States, as soon as I could bear the exercise of riding. At
the earliest day prudence would allow, I was carried, with
all practicable care, to Sacramento, a city I had not seen
since I passed through it a year and a half before. Itsv
appearance was greatly improved in every respect. With
the increased supply of necessaries and conveniences, the
fabulous prices of eighteen months before had given place
to more sober, authentic, and matter-of-fact demands ;
steamboat fare had fallen from twenty-five dollars to one,
and the crowding and shouting of runners compared with
the most active scenes of the kind to be witnessed in New
York or Albany. We arrived at San Francisco during the
night; as the day dawned, and the mist. that covered the
town was lifted, the spectacle that met the view was like
enchantment ; a compact and well-built city had risen, its
beautiful harbor lined with extensive wharves, spacious
warehouses, and elegant dwellings, fronting upon broad
streets, and all appliances of business and pleasure offering
themselves in profusion.
I walked to the nearest hotel, as I was too feeble to go a
hundred yards. The friend who accompanied me, and took
upon himself all care of the voyage in respect to both of
us, found that the steamers were crowded to the utmost,
and engaged passage in a bark for San Juan del Sud, or
Panama. We examined the printed bill of fare, and
thought it wculd be very satisfactory, if its promises were
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 227
fulfilled. I noticed, however, that the potatoes on board
were of bal quality, and suggested the propriety of raising
a committoe of passengers to investigate the stores ; but the
motion was overruled as unnecessary.
We put to sea with about a hundred and thirty pas-
sengers, many of whom suffered severely from sea-sickness.
These improved in a few days, and began to feel like
eating ; but, to their consternation, instead of wholesome
provisions and fresh water, nothing was to be had but
spoiled meat, and water that was unfit to drink, having
been put up in old beer-casks and become tainted, — and a
short allowance of that. We were stinted to three pints a
day each for drinking and culinary purposes. The only
wholesome and eatable articles of food were pork, bread
and dried apples. Tea and coffee were too wretched to be
used. Those wiseacres who had so summarily declined any
examination of the provisions before starting now came to
me with very long faces, confessing their error when it was
too late to be remedied. For forty-eight days they lan-
guished on this miserable fare. There were many quarrels
and contentions on board, growing out of these difficulties,
and some cases of sickness. We buried two men at sea
and one the day after our arrival in port ; and the whole
company, in fact, were little better than skeletons when
they reached San Juan. As to myself, my appetite craved
but little food, and the sea air agreed so well with me that
I had almost recovered on arrival there.
We mounted mules jn the following day, and crossed to
Lake Nicaragua, which we reached just too late for the
steamer. Some of the company went up the lake and pro-
cured snail sail to take them across, but I decided to
19*
228 THE CAPTITE IN PATAGONIA.
remain till ihe arrival of another regular steamer from San
Francil co. This detained us two weeks, when we pro-
ceeded to Georgetown, on the Atlantic shore, and took
passage on board the steamer Daniel Webster, for New
York, via Havana. As we passed out of the harbor a
salute was fired for the United States steamer Saranac,
then visiting that port to investigate the afiair of the
British brig Express firing into one of our steamers a short
time before, on account of a refusal to pay certain port
charges. When fairly outside the bar, the tables were set,
and the hungry passengers had begun fortifying their
stomachs with eager emulation, when I perceived a com-
motion among the officers and men betokening something
wrong. Presently the head pump was working lively, and
the men appeared, running with buckets of water. To the
questions rained upon them they made no reply, but
hastened along in silence. The boat had taken fire, but it
was promptly extinguished before many of the passengers
suspected it.
On arrival at Havana we anchored, after dark, under the
walls of the fort, and our fires were allowed to go out.
During the night a breeze sprung up, producing a swell in
the harbor, which rendered our position a dangerous one, as
there was not room for the boat to swing around clear of
the rocks. The passengers all felt extremely anxious for
their safety ; but the fires were renewed, sufficient steam
was soon generated to work the ponderous engine, the
steamer swung slowly and safely around, and we were safe.
The Spanish guard-boats ordered us back to our first an-
chorage, but the captain replied that he was master of the
vessel and shou i j ut her in a place of safety.
THE C1PTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 229
The next morning we took in coal and started for New
York. I was seized, on the following day, for the first
time in my life, with chills and fever, but partially re-
sovered, under care of the ship's physician, before arriving
in port. We made New York without accident, and having
spent two days in the city, the steamer State of Maine bore
me to my home, January 13th, 1852, — after an absence of
three years, lacking a month, — with a heart rising grate-
fully to God for his many interpositions in my behalf, to
deliver me from the perils of the sea and the perils of the
land.
It can scarcely be necessary, for the benefit of any reader
who has followed me through the course of this narrative,
to add any remarks on the hazards of visiting Patagonia,
or the consequences likely to ensue in the event of ship-
wreck on that desolate coast. The land is dreary, and it
were a sufficient trial of fortitude to be cast away upon it,
— to run the imminent risk of perishing by cold, and
hunger and thirst. But the extremest peril arising from
the poverty of the country is exhilarating, compared with
the tender mercies of the people. Rather than trust to
their protection, better hide from the light of day and gnaw
the bark of stunted trees for food, drinking, as 1 did, from
the briny sea. The dread which has deterred voyagert
from entering the country, or even touching the shore,
unless armed to the teeth, offering articles of traffic with
one hand and holding a loaded musket in the other, is no
more than reasonable. I do not know that the country has
ever been explored by civilized man. The officers and men
of tke Adventure and Beagle, two ships sent out by the
230 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
British Admiralty to survey the Straits of Magellan in the
years 1826, 1830, 1832 and 1834, examined and penetrated
the country to a greater extent than any other voyagers.
If the other tribes inhabiting the country resemble that
with which I was domesticated, it must be a hazardous
enterprise for missionaries to attempt the propagation of
the gospel among them. Even apart from this, the diffi-
culty of gaining a subsistence there must prove an almost
insuperable obstacle. The barrenness of the soil, and the
want of water, render agriculture a desperate resource, and
there is no spontaneous product of the earth to sustain
life. To live like the savages would be simply impossible
to men who have been habituated to the comforts of civil-
ized life ; I could not have survived many months of such
hardship. . Provisions would have to be imported ; this
difficulty seems sufficient to discourage, if not to prevent,
efforts in that direction. When, to this, we add the
cruelty, the duplicity, the treachery and blood-thirstiness
of the people, I am unable to conjecture through what
direct agency they can be reached by the influences of
Christianity. Whether access to them could be gained
through their Spanish American neighbors, or by enticing
some of them, when young, into a more civilized society,
and so opening an avenue of peaceable and beneficial
intercourse, it is not easy to conclude, without actual
experiment.
Since returning to this country, these views have been
confirmed, by the narrative recently published of the .sad fate
of the English missionaries sent to Patagonia. Captain Gar-
diner, and three or four Cornish fishermen, who volunteered
for this labor of love, were landed by a passing vesse1 some-
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 231
where on the inhospitable coast. So inveterate was the
hostility of the natives, they durst not trust themselves
among them; they were driven, in their covered barges,
from place to place; like their Master, having not, on the
land, where to lay their heads. Arrangements had been
made, before leaving England, to have provisions follow
them ; thirty-six barrels of provisions, destined for them,
were found some time after, by a government vessel, at
the Falkland Islands. The commander took them on board,
and sailed for the place of their destination; upon their
first landing, traces of the unfortunate men were found;
and, on thorough search, directions were discovered to
look for them at another place. They were followed from
ono stopping-place to another, till the grave of one of them
was found, who had died of starvation. The survivors
were traced to a spot where their boats lay on the shore,
unoccupied; at a little distance off lay their bodies, un-
buried, their bones bleaching on the sand. The humane
discoverers buried their remains. On lifting a stone from
the mouth of a cave, there was disclosed a narrative of
their sufferings, and of successive deaths, written by Cap-
tain Gardiner ; at the date of the last entry he had not
tasted food for four days. In all probability, he shared
the fate of his brethren, — starvation, — and with him closed
their melancholy history. A sad tale ! Yet there were
days and weeks when I would have gladly exchanged my
lot for wanderings like theirs, upon the desert shore. But
from those horrors I was mercifully delivered; they, in
the prosecution of a sacred and benevolent errand, were
cut down by the dispensation of Him who seeth not as
man seeth.
232 THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA.
It may occur to some reader that the deceptions I prao
tised upon the natives, as frankly narrated, had a tendency
to impair their confidence in white men, and thus to in-
crease the difficulty of reaching them by Christian influ-
ences, and to render the lot of any poor man hereafter
falling into their hands more desperate than it would
otherwise be. Perhaps so ; yet the danger does not seem
so imminent, when we consider that they are entire
strangers to truth. Probably no Patagonian's experience
or observation could furnish an example of consistent
veracity, and they would not be likely to suspect the ex-
istence of such a virtue in any one. It is apparent, from
their behavior in the " last scene of all " with me, that
from first to last they vehemently mistrusted my state-
ments; and their most likely comment on the report of
the chief must have been, "I told you so." The shock
was less than if they had reposed a more generous con-
fidence.
The notoriety which was given to my capture by th<5
newspaper press called forth many expressions of sym-
pathy from persons who knew nothing of me, except that
I was a fellow-being in distress. To all such I tender my
thanks. It is a grateful duty, in parting company with
the reader, to renew the expression of thankful remem-
brance with which I recall the benefactors who, under God,
rescued and befriended me, — Mr. Hall, and the noble-
hearted captains, who fed and clothed me when hungry and
naked, and conveyed me gratuitously to my destination.
Nor can I forget the prompt action of the Honorable
Secretary of the Navy, the efficient exertions of the officers
of the Vandalia, or the generosity of Commodore Jones.
THE CAPTIVE IN PATAGONIA. 233
I would also acknowledge, with the liveliest gratitude, my
obligations to the Hon. Daniel Webster, * the Hon. R. C.
Winthrop, the Hon. George Evans, of Maine, and to the
Hon. Joseph Grinnell, and the Hon. John H. Clifford, of
New Bedford ; — all of whom, when informed of my cap-
tivity, volunteered their aid, and made those represent-
ations to the Navy department which resulted in the
despatch of the Vandalia on her humane mission. Nor
must I omit to add my thanks to Mr. Denison, who kindly
bore their memorials to Washington, and laid them before
the department. If I acquired nothing more by my
unlooked-for experience, I at least gained a warmer pa-
triotism, and a profounder sense of the benignant wisdom
of Providence.
* Since this was written he has passed beyond the reach of my thanks;
but this fact cannot suppress the utterance of gratitude which I owe to
his august memory.
Important Books.
BEHAVING; or, Papers upon Children's Etiquette. By the
author of "The Ugly Girl Papers." Price, $i oo
Hundreds and thousands of American parents and teachers are
under obligation to the enterprising publishers of " The Wida
Awake " and " Babyland '' for the choice and instructive
reading furnished the children. This volume adds another ta
the many books of special interest and value which D. Lothrop
& Co. have furnished the young. BEHAVING is from the pe*
of Mrs. Power, who has just the qualities of style and adapta.
tion which qualify her to write books, full of sparkling wit and
wisdom, which entertain and instruct. While this book is de-
signed for the youth of the land, we wish the young men and
women of a score or more of years would read and follow its
hints and advice. Its reading and heeding •v, ould vastly im-
prove the manners and habits of our young people. Some
general idea of its useful mission can be formed from the
table of contents. The first chapter is entitled "Toward
Mother's Company," followed by " Greetings and Nick-
names,'' "To Stand, to Walk, and to Sit," "Manners at
Home," "Party Etiquette," "How to Teach Y6ung Chil-
dren," " Manners Away from Home," etc. This book should
find its way into every home, and we would urge parents and
teachers to read it to their children and pupils. — N, E.
Journal of Education.
AT EVENTIDE $x »,
This is the title of a volume of discourses by the venerable
NeJtemiah Adams, D. D., of Boston, which furnishes the
most satisfactory evidence that he is still bringing forth fruit
in old age. We have been reading the discourses with great
interest and pleasure. They are full of the tenderness, spirit-
uality and grace which have characterized all the writings of
the venerable author. Their history also commends them.
Four or five years since, Dr. Adams made a visit to his son,
an honored pastor at Charleston, S. C. While there he was
frequently called to preach in the churches of different de-
nominations, and on his return to Boston he received a re-
quest, signed by ten of the Charleston pastors, asking him to
furnish the sermons preached, to be published in a memorial
volume. This is his compliance with that request. A strik-
ing photograph, accompanies each volume as a frontispiece.—
N. Y. Observtr.
SUNDAY-SCHOOL HELPS.
THE LESSON IN STORY. Pansy's Sunday-School Lesson
Book, for Boys and Girls .............................. Price
Every scholar will be delighted with its suggestiveness and
can hardly fail to be benefited by the light and beauty of the
lessons as unfolded by " Pansy " in the simple but strong
language in which she tells them in story. — Baptist Weekly.
SUNDAY-SCHOOL CONCERT EXERCISES. Each ......
WIDE AWAKE SERIES.
Sheets A— Leaves and Sheaves. By Mary B. C. Slade.
— Faith, Hope and C harity. Ey Mary Townley.
— Plain Directions for a S. S. Entertainment. By Geo. B.
Bartlett. *
Sheets B— The Lesson of the Wheat. By Mary B. C. Slade.
—The Christmas Story. By
Sheets C— The Li'ies. By " "
— Ten Young Men of the Bible. By '
BIBLE LFSSONS, for S. S. Concerts and Anniversaries. By
Edmund Clark. 18 Numbers, as follows :
No. i. Temperance Band. No. 10. The Circle of the Graces.
2. Roses. ii. The Six Days of the Creation.
3. Flowers. 12. The Sea.
4. Our Shepherd. 13. The Christian Graces.
5. Names of C hrist. 14. Consider the Lilies.
6. Praise Concert. 15. Brevity of Life
7. 1 he Morning Star. 16. The Two Way;
8. The N'ew Year. 17. Rock of Ages.
7. 1 he Morning Star. 16. The Two Ways.
B. The N'ew Year. 17. Rock of Ages.
9. Faith. 18. Musical Instruments of the Bible.
Price 5 cents each.
The same bound in one i6mo. volume, cloth i oo
CUNNING WORKMEN. By Pansy. i6mo. Illustrated.... i 25
A story of rare interest and value to all interested in Sabbath-
school work.
CRUDEN'S CONCORDANCE. i2mo 200
TROPHIES OF SONG. Rev. W. F. Crafts. i6mo 123
A rich storehouse of articles and incidents illustrating hymns,
and the power and ministry of sacred music. The hymns re-
ferred to in this volume may be found in a small book entitled
Historic Hymns.
SONG VICTORIES of Bliss and Sankey Hymns. Illustrated.
Boards 50
Cloth 75
A few words, as to the history of a hymn about to be sung
gives it fresh interest and power.
HISTORY OF THE JEWISH NATION (A). By E. K.
Palmer. Revised and edited by S. F. Smith, D. D. Fully
illustrated. 8vo i 25
SUNDAY-SCHOOL HELPS.
(Continued.)
SMITH'S BIBLE DICTIONARY. New edition, with ad<fi-
tional matter referring to recent discoveries in Palestine, to
which is added a complete HISTORY OF THE JEWISH NATION,
by E. H. Palmer. Revised and edited by K?. F. Smith,
D.D. ThickSvo. Cloth 400
HELP FOR S. S. CONCERTS. By A . P. and M. T. Fohom.
A choice selection of poems, umo * oo
THE STANDARD SUNDAY-SCHOOL RECORD, con-
tair.ing a place for recording all the necessary business of a
Sunday-school, Price Z oo
SUNDAY-SCHOOL LIBRARY RECORD BOOK. Price, x oo
Larger x 50
IMPROVED SUNDAY-SCHOOL CLASS BOOK, for at-
tendance, contributions, book No. , etc. Per dozen 75
NOTES. ^C.H.M. Genesis, $r. Exodus, $x. Leviticus, fx.
Numbers, Ji. The set of 4 Vols. sent postpaid for 350
Mr. D. L. Moody says: " They have been to me a very key to
the Scriptures,"
GRACE AND TRUTH, under twelve different aspects. By
W. P. MacKay, A. M. jth edition. i2ino. 272 pages.
Paper 50
Cloth too
COMMENTARY ON THE INTERNATIONAL SAB-
BATH SCHOOL LESSONS FOR 1878. By Rev. J. E.
TodtandM. B, Riddle, D. D.. s 3$
SELECT NOTES ON THE INTERNATIONAL S. S.
LESSONS FOR 1878. By Rev. F. N. and M. A . Peloubet. 125
THE HAPPY YEAR. An Almanac, Diary, and Daily Food
combined, with readings for each month selected by Miss M. B.
LYMAN. A neat pocket volume, in leatherette binding 15
A great variety of MAPS OF PALESTINE. Among the latest
and most desirable are HOBART'S OLD TESTAMENT
MAPS. Cloth i go
Mounted 2 oo
INTERNATIONAL S. S. MAPS, A & B, each, Cloth 2 oo
Mounted .... 3 oo
A Full Line of QUESTION BOOKS, COMMENTARIES, MUS/J
BOOKS, and other requisites for the Sunday-school.
CURRENT RELIGIOUS BOOKS.
CONCESSIONS OF "LIBERALISTS" TO ORTHODOXY.
By Daniel Dor Chester , D. D. i6mo .................... 125
AT EVENTIDE. By Nehemiah A darns, D. D. i2mo ....... 125
THE SEVEN WORDS FROM THE CROSS. By Rev.
Wm. H. Adams, Pastor of the Circular Church, Charleston,
S. C. lamo ............................................... i.oo
Meditations on the Last Sayings of Christ abounding hi
" beautiful fancies, sweet sentiments and pathetic touches."
CONFESSIONS OF AUGUSTINE (The). Edited with an
Introduction by -Prof . W m. T. Shedd. i2mo ............... i 50
UNERRING GUIDE (The). By Rev. H. V. Dexter, D. D.,
Extra Cloth ............................................. i 50
Morocco, giit ........................................... 2 50
This book is composed of selections from the Bible arranged
according to subjects. It may be used for reference, for private
or family devotions, for Bible Readings and Prayer Meetings,
and is particularly useful for Ministers in furnishing ready
material for Sermons, Lectures, &c.
NINETY AND NINE (The). By Elizabeth C. Clephane.
Quarto. Gilt edges ......................................... a oo
MIND AND WORDS OF JESUS AND FAITHFUL
PROM1SER. r5y Rev. J. R. MacDuff. Complete in one
volume, good type, in neat cloth binding .................... 50
Red-line edition ........................................... z 50
MORNING AND NIGHT WATCHES. By Rev. J. R. Mc-
Duff. Uniform with the above, at same prices.
ROCK OF AGES. By 5. F. Smith, D.D. New Edition ; Re-
duced price ............................................. i oo
Red-line edition, reduced price ............................. i 50
GRACE AND TRUTH. By W. P. MacKay,A.M. i2mo.
Paper .................................................... 50
Cloth ..................................................... i oo
ALL PEOPLE. sennon, ^ ^.^ Moody. Each, Paper TOO
XL, A I I \J I .
GLAD TIDINGS,
\jrJV XL, A I I \J I . -_ . ,— ,. .
j Each, Cloth ................. 150
DAILY MANNA, for Christian Pilgrims. By" Rev. Baron
Stovj,D.D. 24mo, plain ...... ........................... 25
Full gilt ............. - ................................... 40
i6mo, red line ............................................ . i oo
MEMORIAL HOUR (The); or, The Lord's Supper in its Re-
lation to Doctrine and Life. By Jeremiah Chaplin, D. D.t
author of " Evening of Life," &c. Large i6mo ............ 125
STILL HOUR; or. Communion with God. By Prof. Austin
P helps, D. D. New Edition. Plain ....................... 60
Tinted paper, gilt edged ................................... i oo
More than 100,000 copies have been sold, and we know of no
other work of the kind having so constant a sale, or receiving
such high commendations.
JTTST IE, IE -A. 3D "Z" -
THE CHAUTAUQUA GIRLS AT HOME-
By Pansy. I2mo. Illustrated. I 50
•* Pansy knows girls, and has the gift of story-telling, by which
the hard facts of every-day life take on a charm as of fairy-land. No
one can look into ' The Chautauqua Girls ' without feeling the
subtle fascination of its pictures of quiet life, and being drawn into
•warm sympathy with the four friends who long to form noble char-
acters. They have been won to a love of Jesus by attending a
camp-meeting at Chautauqua ; but they find it so hard to be true
to their new impulses, and to carry the spirit of the Bible into
every-day life, that the story of their struggles, disheartening fail-
ures relieved by partial successes, is very human and full of genuine
pathos. It is good summer reading, for beguiling away hours, and
inspiring with generous purposes."
"Pansy's last book, 'The Chautauqua Girls at Home,' is as
fresh and inspiring as a fine morning in June. The four friends,
Marion, Ruth, Flossy and Eurie, are of genuine flesh and blood,
with the petty weaknesses that flesh is heir to, and the noble aspi-
rations that come at times to every high-minded girl. Their unlike-
ness to each other in character and social position, and their mutual
helpfulness in all sorts of difficulties, make a delightful story ; in-
structive as well as fascinating. One finds it hard to lay down the
book after beginning the first chapter. It will find many reader*
who will welcome its stimulating power to high aims in life, and to
patience and hope in fighting hard battles."
Boston: D. LOTHROP &> CO., Publishers.
FROM DIFFERENT STANDPOINTS.
By Pansy and Faye Huntington. 12mo. Price $1.50,
Boston: D. Lothrop & Co.,
If there is any better writer of Sunday School books than
" Pansy," we should like to make her acquaintance, sha
has a rare tact in story telling, and knows quite as well what
to omit as what to say. Even the sternest critics, of S. S.
'Literature surrender to Pansy, in spite of themselves, and
tonfess that her books are worth reading.
" From Different Standpoints " is not quite so broad in its
range as some of her previous works, but is more intense.
The story is so full of life, though made up largely of letters
and journals, the characters are so sharply drawn with so
thorough an insight into the possibilities of human nature,
and the religious element is of so high a type, and yet withal
feo natural, that the most careless reader is fascinated, and
feels the inspiration of a noble Christian life. Such books,
are a valuable addition Jo any S. S. libraries, and will sup-
plement the best religious teachings of Bible-class or pulpit.
As to the double authorship of the book, Faye Huntington
/s so nearly the double of Pansy, that her separate work
Cannot be detected.
Two new Books just ready. The most popular Children!*
Books of the Season.
1st.
SUNSHINE FOR BABY-LAND.
BY LAURIE LURING.
Large print. Charming stories. Quarto. More than 100 large illustrations,
heavier, on better paper, and more elegantly printed than any
book ever before issued at $1.25.
2d.
WIDE AWAKE PLEASURE BOOK.
BY THE BEST AMERICAN AUTHORS.
On the finest paper. Numerous full-page illustrations. Page a little larger
than " Chatterbox." About 400 pages, choicely printed at the
University Press. Elegantly black and gold back
die, chromo side. Price, $1.50.
Six new and beautiful large Print Picture Books.
Just Ready. In Beautiful Bindings.
Illustrated Primer.
Easy Reading.
Birds and Fishes.
Book of Animals.
Book of Birds.
Book of Natural History.
Price, 40 cts. each.
Six handsome new Story Books for the Little Folks.
My Pet. I Falsely Acused. I A Brave Boy.
The Plot. I Bobie Grey. | Little ttretchen.
Only 25 cts. each.
Four very elegant large Print Picture Books.
Large Page, with colored Frontispiece.
The Christmas Visit. I Somebody's Darlings.
A Queer Carriage. | Our Bertie.
75 cts. each.
Two elegant and very choice Picture Books.
Eighty-eight Full-page Illustrations in each Book.
The Holiday Album for Boya.
The Holiday Album for Girls.
Price, $1.0O each.
CHILDREN'S PICTURE-BOOK,
Price, $1.50,
NEW EDITION of this book is now ready. The demand *ra« ao
great for it during the Holidays last season, that orders for thou-
sands of copies could not be filled.
liiCISS J"U"XjI-A- .A.. ZE-A-ST:M:_A-:N~ is one of the most ; -opuiat
of our modern writers.
YOUNG RICK. By Julia A. Eastman. Large
i6mo. Twelve illustrations by Sol Eytinge. $i 50
A bright, fascinating story of a little boy who was both a bless-
ing and a bother. — Boston Journal.
The most delightful book on the list for the children of the
family, being full of adventures and gay home scenes and merry
play-times. "Paty" would have done credit to Dickens in his
palmiest days. The strange glows and shadows of her character
are put in lovingly and lingeringly, with the pencil of a master.
Miss Margaret's character of light is admirably drawn, while Aunt
Lesbia, Deacon Harkaway, Tom Dorrance, and the master and
mistress of Graythorpe poor-house are genuine "charcoal
sketches."
STRIKING FOR THE RIGHT. By Julia
A. Eastman. Large i6mo. Illustrated . i 75
While this story holds the reader breathless with expectancy
and excitement, its civilizing influence in the family is hardly to
be estimated. In all quarters it has met with the warmest praise.
THE ROMNEYS OF RIDGEMONT. By
Julia A. Eastman. i6mo. Illustrated . i 50
BEULAH ROMNEY. By Julia A. Eastman.
16 mo. Illustrated . . . . . i 50
Two stories wondrously alive, flashing with fun, sparkling with
tears, throbbing with emotion. The next best thing to attending
Mrs. Hale's big boarding-school is to read Beulah's experience
there.
SHORT-COMINGS AND LONG-GOINGS.
By Julia A. Eastman. 16 mo. Illustrated, i 25
A remarkabls book, crowded with remarkable characters. It
is a picture gallery of human nature.
KITTY KENT'S TROUBLES. By Julia
A. Eastman. 16 mo. Illustrated . . i 50
" A delicious April-day style of book, sunshiny with smiles on
one pase while the next is misty with tender tears. Almost every
type of American school-girl is here represented— the vain Helen
Dart, the beauty, Amy Searle, the ambitious, high bred, conserv.
ative Anna Matson ; but next to Kitty herself sunny little Paul-
ine Sedgewick will prove the general favorite. It is a story fully
calculated iO win both girls and boys toward noble, royal ways of
doinf ^Ule as well as great things. All teachers should feel an
inte< ' in placing it in the hands of their pupils."
:BOO:K:S -FOtt -yoTJira- HIEIROIES -A^HSTID :B:K,.A.V:EI
VIRGINIA. By £F. H. G.Kingston. 16 mo.
Illustrated ....... $i 25
A stirring story of adventure upon sea and land.
AFRICAN ADVENTURE AND ADVENT-
URERS. By Rev. G. T. Day, D. D. 16
mo. Illustrated .... . i 50
The stories of Speke, Grant, Baker, Livingstone and Stanley
are put into simple shape for the entertainment of young readers.
NOBLE WORKERS. Edited by S. F. Smith,
D. D. i6mo ....... i 5a
STORIES OF SUCCESS. Edited by S. F.
Smith, D. D. i6mo ..... i 50
Inspiring biographies and records which kave a most whole-
some and enduring effect upon the reader.
MYTHS AND HEROES. 16 mo. Illus-
trated. Edited by S. F. Smith, D. D . . i 50
KNIGHTS AND SEA KINGS. Edited by
S. F. Smith, D. D. i2mo. Illustrated . i 50
Two entertaining books, which will fasten forever the historical
and geographical lessons of the school-room firmly in the stu-
dent's mind.
CHAPLIN'S L^FE OF BENJAMIN FRANK-
LIN. i6mo. Illustrated . . . . i 50
LIFE OF AMOS LAWRENCE. i2mo. 111. 150
Two biographies of perennial value. No worthier books were
ever offered as holiday presents for our American young men.
WALTER NEAL'S EXAMPLE. By Rev.
Theron Brown. 16 mo. Illustrated . .125
Walter Neal's Example is by Rev. Theron Brown, the editor of
that very successful paper, The Youth'1 s Companion. The story
is a touching one, and is in parts so vivid as to seem drawn from
the life. — TV*. Y. Independent.
TWO FORTUNE-SEEKERS. Stories by
Rossiter Johnson, Louise Chandler Monlton,
E. Stuart Phelps, Ella Farman, etc. Fully
illustrated ....... i 50
has the very desirable knack of imparting
valuable ideas under the guise of a pleasing story." — The New Century.
MRS. KURD'S NIECE, ty Ella Farman. 111. $i 50
A thrilling story for the girls, especially for those who think
they have a " mission," to whom we commend sturdy English
Hannah, with her small means, and her grand success. Saidee
Hurd is one of the sweetest girls ever embalmed in story, and
Lois Gladstone one of the noblest.
THE COOKING CLUB OF TU-WHIT
HOLLOW. By Etta Farman. 16 mo.
Eight full-page illustrations . . . . i 25
Worth reading by all who delight in domestic romance. — Fall
River Daily News.
The practical instructions in housewifery, which are abundant,
are set in the midst of a bright, wholesome story, and the little
housewives who figure in it are good specimens of very human,
but at the same time very lovable, little American girls. It
ought to be the most successful little girls' book of the season. —
The A dvance.
A LITTLE WOMAN. By Ella Farman. i6m. i oo
The daintiest of all juvenile books. From its merry pages, win-
some Kinnie Crosby has stretched out her warm little hand to
help thousands of young girls.
A WHITE HAND. Vy Ella Farman. i2m. 111. i 50
A genuine painting of American society. Millicent and Jack
are drawn by a bold, firm hand. No one can lay this story down
. until the last leaf is turned.
WIDE A WAKE.
AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE
For the Young Folks.
$2.00 :F:E:R, -A_:tT:rsrTj:M:. ZFOST-A-G-IE DPIR/IEIF .A^'
Edited by ELLA FARMAN.
Published by T>. tOTHROP & CO., Boston, Mass.
It always contains a feast of fat things for the little folks, and folks who are no
longer little findjthere lost childhood in its pages. We are not saying too much
when we say that its versatile editor — Ella Farman, is more fully at home
in the child's wonder-land than any other living American writer. She is
thoroughly en rapport with her readers, gives them now a sugar plum of poesy,
now a dainty jelly-cake of imagination, and cunningly intermixes all the soiid
bread of thought that the child's miud can digest and assimilate.— York Triu
Dtmocrat.
:F .A. :ET s TT ' s
FOUR GIRLS AT CHAUTAUQUA. By
Pansy. 12 mo. Illustrated . . . $i 50
The most fascinating "watering-place" story ever published.
Four friends, each a brilliant girl in her way, tired of Saratoga
and Newport, try a fo. tnight at the new summer resort on Chau-
tauqua Lake, choosing the time when the National Sunday-school
Assembly is in c£.mp. Rev. Drs. Vincent, Deems, Cuyler, Ed-
ward Eggleston, Mrs. Emily Huntington Miller, move promi-
_nently through the story.
HOUSEHOLD PUZZLES. By Pansy. i2mo.
Illustrated . . . . . . i 50
How to make one dollar do the work of five. A family of
beautiful girls seek to solve this "puzzle." Piquant, humorous,
but written with an intense purpose.
THE RANDOLPHS. By Pansy. 12 mo. Il-
lustrated . . . . . . i 50
A sequel to Household Puzzles, in which the Puzzles are agree-
ably disposed of.
GRANDPA'S DARLINGS. By Pansy. i6mo.
Illustrated . . . . . . .12$
A big book, full of "good times" for the little people of the
family.
ESTER RIED . . . .By Pansy, i 50
JULIA RIED ...... i 50
THREE PEOPLE . . . „ . i 50
THE KING'S DAUGHTER . „ . i 50
WISE AND OTHERWISE . . „ . i 50
CUNNING WORKMEN . . „ . i 25
JESSIE WELLS ...... 75
DOCIA'S JOURNAL „ . 75
BERNIE'S WHITE CHICKEN 75
HELEN LESTER. 75
A CHRISTMAS TIME „ . 15
The $1OOO Prize Series,
Pronounced by the Examining Committee, Rri). Drs.
Lincoln, Ran kin and Day, superior to
any similar series,
STRIKING FOR THE RIGHT, - - - $1.75
SILENT TOM,- « 1.75
EVENING REST, - - 1.50
THE OLD STONE HOUSE, - - 1.50
INTO THE LIGHT, - - - - 1.50
WALTER MCDONALD, - ... 1.50
STORY OF THE BLOUNT FAMILY, - - 1.50
MARGARET WORTHINGTON, - 1.50
THE WADSWORTH BOYS, - - 1.50
GR'ICE AVERY'S INFLUENCE, - 1.50
Gi :MPSES THROUGH, - - 1.50
RALPH'S POSSESSION, - 1.50
LUCK OF ALDEN FARM, - 1.50
CHRONICLES OF SUNSET MOUNTAIN, - 1.50
THE MARBLE PREACHER, - 1.50
GOLDEN LINES, - - 1.50
Sold by Booksellers generally, and sent by Mail, postpaid*
on receipt of price.
BOSTON:
D. LOTHROP & CO., PUBLISHER*.
Bourne, Benjar.iin Franklin
The captive in
B79
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY