REPORT OF
Tabulating Committee
On The Vote For
General
As nominated at the
Twenty-Fifth General Convention
Of the U. B. of C. and J. of A., Held at
Lakeland, Fla., April 22 to 30
1946
Carpenters' Printing Plant
51 Indianapolis, Indiana
REPORT OF TABULATING COMMITTEE ON THE VOTE
FOR GENERAL OFFICERS
Indianapolis, Indiana, July 19, 1946.
Mr. Wm. L. Hutcheson,
General President,
United Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners of America.
Dear Sir and Brother:
We, the members of the Committee elected by the Twenty-Fifth General Con-
vention of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America to tabu-
late the vote on the election of General Officers, met at the General Office at
Indianapolis, Indiana as prescribed by Section 9 of the General Constitution and
organized as follows:
Daniel Butler of Local Union No. 578, Chicago, Illinois, was elected Chairman,
and Geo. F. Coughlin, of Local Union No. 715, Elizabeth, New Jersey, was elected
Secretary.
The official returns were delivered to the Committee by General Secretary,
Frank Duffy, as per the provisions of the General Constitution.
W. A. Meyer of Local Union 3 29, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, a candidate for
the office of First General Vice President, and also his son, W. A. Meyer, Jr., a
member of Local Union 329, presented themselves before the Committee and
were present, on the first three days, at the opening and counting of all votes up
to Local Union No. 2100, and were present at all times while ballots were opened
and recorded.
The Committee proceeded to tabulate the returns which showed the following
named candidates elected:
M. A. HUTCHESON — First General Vice President.
R. E. ROBERTS — General Executive Board, Fifth District.
The returns of the Local Unions and the intent of the voters were given due
consideration, were recorded and show the following total votes as cast for each
candidate, which was:
M. A. HUTCHESON__93,094
W. A. MEYER 51,195
R. E. ROBERTS 95,094
JOHN M. PARKER__47,591
Local Unions whose votes were finally rejected for cause will be found so
recorded.
Fraternally yours,
DANIEL J. BUTLER, Chairman
MARTIN PORGES,
W. L. SPENNY,
WM. SHIPP,
GEORGE F. COUGHLIN, Secretary.
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22
5
23
2096
9
1
1 5
4
2261
29
18
21
25
1965
47
10
33
24
2098
3
3
1 2
4
2264
65
65
1967
21
21
2100
13
1 3
10
2265
49
'"5
50
3
1971
"33
31
' *3i
32
2102
' ii
3
1 9
5
2269
21
9
12
18
1974
1
20
21
2103
9
5
4
2275
21
10
20
11
1975
6
19
"9
16
2104
17
' ' 'i
1 16
2
2279
1
24
2
23
1977
98
5
91
12
2107
8
10
9
10
2280
71
71
1978
58
14
57
15
2108
2
20
2
20
2281
33
2
31
2
1979
3
11
6
8
2109
1
M
7
8
2287
241
I 241
1980
15
29
17
28
2111
34
9
29
14
2288
823
22
1 823
' "is
1983
13
3
11
5
2112
10
10
2295
43
6
46
3
1985
2
6
1
7
2114
' '34
9
' ' 25
2296
3
3
1986
28
28
2117
' '80
27
72
35
2297
4
28
17
' "i2
1987
O
' '17
' 3
16
2119
37
3
36
4
2300
2
8
1
1(1
1990
45
8
33
17
2120
7
3
8
2
2304
2
5
1 3
4
1991
25
35
19
41
2121
65
65
2305
82
77
1 76
85
1992
15
2
16
1
2122
19
' ' '6
20
' ' 5
2307
59
1 59
1993
21
21
2125
4
14
4
14
2312
8
1 4
4
1995
"*9
3
• • -^
5
2128
4
5
II 5
2
2315
Q
' ' '9
2
Hi
1996
29
9
24
14
2130
13
7
1 11
9
2317
11
24
I 29
6
1997
2
11
Q
10
2131
10
i 10
2322
16
2
15
3
1999
15
1
12
4
2132
6
' '20
II 8
' 'is
2330
1
28
1
29
2001
11
28
14
24
2133
17
13
1 11
19
2334
16
6
1 15
6
2002
2
21
23
2135
1 2137
23
23
2337
34
1 . . . .
2004
9
1
9
' ' i
10
"is
■\ 19
' ' '6
2340
' 'i2
4
12
' ' '4
2006
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2142
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20
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17
2343
7
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110
110
2871
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9
10
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21
2877
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15
31
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17
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4
20
5
2353
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10
23
5
2639
20
20
2890
124
52
105
58
2356
17
9
9
15
2640
7
7
. . ...
2892
54
13
51
16
2359
19
9
16
11
2646
12
11
2899
8
5
3
10
2364
8
7
1
2647
33
30
3
2900
8
10
5
12
2370
13
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27
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2652
20
18
1
2901
70
13
69
14
2373
14
19
14
19
2iir,:;
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' 'i2
16
26
2903
15
3
14
4
2375
170
25
170
25
2655
86
86
2904
12
5
7
10
2378
12
1
11
1
2656
16
' ' 6
11
5
2912
54
54
238(1
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1
5
1
2657
13
63
12
64
2916
23
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16
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2383
3
18
17
4
2659
108
15
101
23
2925
3
34
2
2389
21
3
18
6
2660
58
34
47
45
2926
19
3
15
7
2391
29
4
19
14
2664
9
9
2927
35
32
3
2396
10
40
11
39
2669
144
' '42
138
' '44
2935
38
' ' 3
36
4
2397
12
2
7
7
2670
36
8
27
17
2942
15
13
10
16
2404
15
43
20
38
2671
9
29
21
17
2944
18
7
16
9
2408
7
4
5
6
2672
8
5
10
4
2947
331
2
330
3
2415
10
2
9
3
2674
3
11
6
7
2951
14
1
11
4
2416
15
14
16
7
2679
17
17
2954
20
2
21
1
2419
17
19
20
16
2681
59
59
2960
205
205
2424
5
17
6
15
2682
578
578
2962
2963
2965
6
48
11
" ' '4
5
2427
12
13
14
11
2684
71
' ' '4
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48
11
2436
31
23
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2689
32
18
23
26
ii
ii
2463
25
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27
11
2690
55
13
55
13
2967
14
8
5
16
2477
12
8
14
6
2691
27
26
1
2969
9
4
11
2
2502
2505
43
21
9
3
35
12
17
12
2692
2694
17
38
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13
38
4
2971
2974
67
13
40
1
67
14
39
2509
49
45
49
45
2696
23
1
22
2978
15
Q
16
2
2511
2512
50
22
1
48
22
2699
2700
11
37
' "3
5
7
35
7
7
2981
2982
30
141
25
6
28
132
22
14
2514
26
' '2i
23
' '24
2701
40
3
40
0
2983
58
56
2
2517
29
14
24
18
2704
31
1
31
2998
30
2
28
4
2519
1118
1118
2707
33
4
35
3
3000
3005
3006
3007
3008
3010
3018
3027
3030
3034
3036
26
49
28
30
55
31
10
13
14
42
169
7
3
4
' ' '2
5
8
50
24
30
52
19
10
13
13
35-
154
33
17
17
25
2
6
' ' 5
17
2522
2523
2525
25-26
2528
2530
2531
32
139
7
42
24
29
184
' *'5
11
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22
120
7
42
15
12
173
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30
' 'i.2
11
114
2714
2715
2720
2732
2735
2739
2744
26
47
38
I 54
7
1 446
23
12
' '21
4
7
27
47
40
4
6
446
20
10
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54
8
2532
2536
2539
2540
5
146
69
42
' ' 3
10
4
146
64
42
2
' ' "8
10
2746
2750
2753
2758
41
18
23
41
5
7
8
34
18
22
37
12
7
2
11
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30
' "i
21
46
5
15
3
2545
2546
2547
10
37
5
3
14
37
5
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2759
2761
2764
80
482
82
2
80
482
64
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3038
3046
3061
38
20
17
' 'io
3
2552
56
30
54
33
2766
26
26
3062
10
10
28
28
16
13
90
14
459
2566
20
20
2767
319
319
3065
28
2559
256::
2569
79
10
18
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1
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8
14
18
3
4
2773
2776
2781
26
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51
15
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3074
3075
3076
35
16
14
2570
2571
2573
69
4
9
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22
4
50
10
8
32
17
5
2782
2783
2785
8
14
17
2
1
7
14
17
3
1
3086
3091
3099
90
12
459
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2574
17
2
15
4
2786
33
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3100
7
7
2580
317
3
301
19
2787
31
9
27
11
3102
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10
29
15
2584
15
15
2791
20
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12
17
3107
16
18
16
18
2587
247
247
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2592
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30
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18
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3113
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1
2597
37
31
46
22
2800
110
....
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3115
15
35
28
22
2603
22
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25
7
2805
76
13
48
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16
15
31
2605
30
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2606
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30
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32
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33
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151
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325
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Votes of Local Unions tabulated have been finally rejected by the Tabulating Com-
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following capitions:
No Seal Attached
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45
19
41
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29
8
29
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32
37
29
39
97
28
35
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35
1355
2
14
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43
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128
29
26
23
32
1364
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2
4
3
2291
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3
14
282
34
34
1422
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3
10
2
2313
330
7
7
8
6
1479
4
13
10
7
2357
11
1
373
1
8
5
4
1486
9
15
12
12
2390
3
6
1
8
383
51
51
1493
6
6
9
3
2398
7
26
22
11
396
17
187
24
182
1497
70
16
68
19
2504
11
10
13
8
413
10
149
45
14
1515
11
11
2598
8
8
414
11
13
7
17
1521
180
180
2600
54
1
50
464
6
8
7
7
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10
16
11
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2667
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26
41
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508
13
14
11
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7
4
7
2673
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5
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4
529
1
31
2
30
1601
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2695
57
8
28
37
615
7
7
7
7
1626
4
28
2
28
2709
6
9
5
10
641
10
20
14
16
1635
51
37
49
37
2728
6
5
6
4
689
8
19
5
22
1674
8
20
9
21
2729
9
25
13
21
783
2
24
5
21
1678
31
2740
22
21
790
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49
22
35
1694
21
18
20
18
2749
17
3
18
2
816
12
2
10
4
1714
9
1
9
1
2806
34
4
30
4
835
14
1
10
4
1734
62
62
2835
11
11
849
1
27
1
27
1754
16
37
15
38
2848
12
6
14
4
925
2
84
28
56
1769
23
93
2874
12
1
13
939
1
15
7
9
1798
3
14
8
9
2884
21
21
966
7
1
6
1809
3
9
9
3
2920
20
....
20
....
989
13
3
7
9
1844
ii
9
17
3
2959
28
8
17
19
1008
2
19
15
6
1880
16
8
8
2973
16
15
1
1015
3
40
7
36
1898
6
10
8
7
2987
9
2
3
8
1017
7
12
13
6
1943
4
12
9
7
2992
18
18
1143
17
41
33
25
1956
13
....
11
0
3070
10
20
7
20
1176
16
13
16
13
1982
9
5
4
3087
22
12 1
19
18
1193
35
18
34
18
2066
36
2()
30
26
3116
36
32
50
18
1234
6
12
7
11
2067
30
19
31
17
3151
34
8 I
23
19
1241
5
15
6
14
2069
10
6
7
9
3195
19
6 I
7
18
1249
12
23
23
12
2093
35
13
29
18
Not Registered
66
2
26
....
28
1691
1
72 II 18
55
2765
41
2 II
40
3
124
2
23
3
21
1932
12
9 II 13
8
2846
56
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56
16
272
37
37
31
41
2141
2
46 II 28
20
2878
13
23 II
21
iy
372
1
36
11
26
2147
7 II ... .
7
2879
19
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11
503
5
8
4
9
2278
22 || 15
1
2880
15
21 J
21
15
596
5
84
23
65
2306
11
1 II 11
1
2881
28
1 II
24
4
699
2
20
5
17
2308
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10 || 10
5
3011
3
20 II
6
17
719
4
27
11
20
2524
38
46 II 50
24
3056
12
1 II
7
6
1520
3
28
8
23
2612
8
8 II 10
5
3119
79
45 II
78
43
1679
1 5
11
1 10
6
2762
35
2 || 34
4
3164 |
....
4:-! II
24 |
19
Not Signed by Proper Officers, as Prescribed
18
24
30
11
1341
24
6
16
14
1483
36
10
37
9
50
29
19
48
10
31
is
1521
1969
180
13
180
13
Return Mutilated or no Account of Vote Cast by Local
l. u.
No. Reason not counted
38 Ballots only.
157 Improper return.
215 Ballots only.
.SOL' Improper return.
327 Ballots only.
585 No vole.
700 Ballots only.
702 Ballots only.
86!) No return.
875 Improper return.
1030 Received late.
1158 Ballots only.
1159 Ballots only.
1166 No return, ballots only.
1188 No return, ballots only.
1232 Ballots only.
1299 Ballots only.
130G Ballots only.
1351 Ballots only.
•L. U.
L. TI
No.
Reason not counted
No.
1518
Ballots only.
2205
1544
Ballots only.
2L-:;::
1551
No vote on return.
2255
1557
Ballots only.
2311
1567
Ballots only.
2342
1615
Ballots only.
237!)
1646
Improper return.
2384
1773
Ballots only.
2393
1799
Ballots only.
2550
1811
Ballots only.
2551
1862
Ballots only.
2627
1905
Ballots only.
2788
1933
Ballots only.
2888
2013
Ballots only.
289 1
2105
Ballots only.
2919
2129
Ballots returned.
3072
2134
Ballots only.
3092
2139
Ballots only.
3106
2152
Ballots only.
Reason not counted
No vote on return.
No vote.
Ballots only.
Ballots only.
Improper return.
Ballots only.
Improper return.
Received late.
Ballots only.
Blank return.
Received late.
Ballots only.
Improper return.
No vote.
No vote on return.
No return, ballots only.
No return, ballots only.
Ballots only.
jC^
-~^J
y FOUNDED 1881
Officio/ Publication of the
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
JANUARY 1946
The man who trusts men
will make fewer mistakes
than he who distrusts them
— Cavour
a a □
/
N this, the first peaceful New Year in half a
decade, the crying need of the world is for tol-
erance and understanding. Oceans of tears and
seas of blood have soaked the soil of many lands
because the peoples of the world forgot how to
be tolerant and understanding. Let it never
happen again. Let men and women everywhere
rediscover the principles that He expounded in
the Sermon on the Mount nineteen hundred
years ago. Let each realize that "Yes" is the
answer to the age-old question "Am I My
Brother's Keeper?"
Are You a Carpenter,
a practical
Builder
or an
Apprentice
?
-Here is your opportunity-!
Find out now, — by this Free Trial
Lesson, how easy it is to learn
the technical side of Building,
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FOR PRACTICAL MEN
If you have had practical experi-
ence as a carpenter or builder, —
so much the better. The most
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must understand blue prints and
specifications. Here is your
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HOW TO LAYOUT JOBS
Learn how to lay out and run a
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No books — no classes ! Just use
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Rgr BLUE PRINT PLANS
EC AND BOOKLET
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To prove to you how easy it is for
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uable and instructive.
Chicago
Technical College
THE SCHOOL FOR BUILDERS
A- 107 Tech Bldg., 2000 S. Michigan Ave.
CHICAGO 16, ILLINOIS
THCOffiPEOT
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Established in 1881
Vol. LXVI — No. 1
INDIANAPOLIS, JANUARY, 1946
One Dollar Per Tear
Ten CentB a Copy
— Con tents —
'46 Will Bring a Blitz
With half a dozen anti-labor bills kicking around in Congress just before that body ad-
journed for the holiday vacation, it is a foregone conclusion that the 1946 session will
see a concerted drive by foes of labor to get one or all of these measures enacted
into law.
U.B. Wins Significant Court Victory
Construction Packed the Punch
8
The Supreme Court of the State of Washington hands down a decision that advances
one step further the right of workers to engage in peaceful picketing. The decision
was the outgrowth of a case wherein CIO woodworkers in concert with the employers
were endeavoring by injunction to prevent Brotherhood Lumber and Sawmill Workers
from picketing employers in their recent move to establish a decent wage level.
10
It's Not All Caviar
A high navy official discloses the important part that construction played in bringing
about victory over Germany and Japan and the part it will have to play in maintaining
peace in the future.
21
Working for Uncle Sam is not the cinch people thought it was. !n this article an official
of the American Federation of Government Employes outlines both the advantages and
disadvantages of having Uncle Sam for a boss.
27
iWages, Prices, and Prosperity
Whenever an unbalance develops between commodity prices and workers' wages
trouble follows. Right now such an unbalance is in existence and unless corrective meas-
ures are taken soon our economy is headed for a hard jolt that can spell more depres-
sion.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS:
Plane Gossip -
Editorials *•.-.."
Official -
In Memoriam - \ -
Heroes of our Brotherhood
Correspondence -
To the Ladies -
Craft Problems -
* •
Index to Advertisers
18
32
41
49
50
51
57
59
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
In Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be, In their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising space In "The Car-
penter," including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
E. C. Atkins & Co., Indian-
apolis, Ind. 4th_Cover
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 64
Heller Bros. Co., Newark, N. J. 62
Ideal Brass Works, St. Paul,
Minn. 4
Henry Disston & Sons, Phila- *
delphia, Pa. 3rd Cover
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 62
Millers Falls Co., Greenfield,
Mass. 62
Master Rule Mfg. Co., New York,
N. Y. 64
North Bros. Mfg. So., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 3
Paine Company, Chicago, 111 62
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Technical Courses and Books
American School, Chicago, 111 61
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111 3
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y.__3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111 1
Gateway Publishing Co., Chi-
cago, 111. 63
Mason & Parrish, Engineers,
Kalamazoo, Mich 62
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 61
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo. 4
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Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
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THE POINT!
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Indianapolis, Ind.
Anti-labor forces in Congress preparing for
finish fight to pass one or more measures
'46 JVM Bring a Blitz
ORGANIZED LABOR faces the year 1946 with the biggest battle
in its history looming on the horizon. This became crystal clear
by the time Congress laid aside its duties for the Christmas vaca-
tion. A half dozen different measures — all aimed at putting the shackles
on labor — were kicking around on Capitol Hill by the time adjournment
came. There were the Hobbs Bill, one of the most vicious of them all,
the Ball-Burton-Hatch Bill, the May-Smith-Arends Bill, the President's
proposal for an enforced "cooling off" period, and a host of others. Indi-
vidually and collectively they are aimed at one thing and one thing only —
compulsion of one kind or another
for American workers. During the
1946 sessions, one after another of
these measures will be brought on
the floor. Every trick ever tried in
Congress will be brought to bear by
proponents of the bills in an effort
to get them railroaded through both
houses. Only by marshalling its
forces and putting on the hardest
fight of its life will organized labor
defeat the measures.
Each of the anti-labor measures
is wrapped up in a set of the choic-
est adjectives and adverbs. How-
ever, in all the verbiage — like in
the fine print on cheap insurance
policies — there is a "catch." In each
of the measures the "catch" is that
compulsion is forced on the work-
ers. They must submit to compul-
sory arbitration, or they must re-
frain from striking, or they must do
this or that under penalty of fines
or even jail sentences.
Even when the President recent-
ly advocated arbitrary cooling off
periods in labor disputes while fact
finding bodies studied the issues in-
volved there was a hidden catch.
The President intimated that his
proposition was basically the same
as the Railway Mediation Act.
When the bill got to Congress,
however, it resembled the Railway
Mediation Act about as much as a
porcupine resembles a jack rabbit.
It was so far removed from the
Railway Mediation Act that Presi-
dent Green of the AFL blasted it
as a measure designed solely to
place the shackles of compulsion on
labor.
Actually, the bill went way be-
yond the mere establishment of
fact-finding boards to investigate
disputes and recommend settle-
ments. It carried a dra'stic ban on
the right to strike during the 30-
day period, or more, while the ma-
chinery of the law is in operation
in a dispute. Also, it would be a
crime for any one to aid or en-
courage a strike, or for unions to
pay out strike benefits provided by
their laws. No such language is to
be found in the Railway Labor Act.
Furthermore, the bill contains a
provision which, in effect, would
by-pass National Labor Relations
Board regulations and permit em-
ployers to demand elections among
THE CARPENTER
their workers whenever they felt
they could undermine a union.
Even Secretary of Labor Lewis
B. Schwellenbach, appearing before
the Senate Labor Committee in sup-
port of the fact-finding- phase, dis-
owned the election feature as dan-
gerous and asked that it be elimi-
nated.
Green's blast against the bill was
made at a hearing before the House
Labor Committee. He raised no
protest over the proposal to set up
fact-finding boards along the lines
of emergency boards under the
Railway Labor Act, but he emphat-
ically denounced the prohibition
against strikes.
The prohibition is worded so
menacingly, he said, that it would
virtually repeal the Norris-La-
Guardia Anti-Injunction Act and
turn back the clock to the days
when courts functioned as "injunc-
tion mills," grinding out restrain-
ing orders against unions whenever
employers so demanded. Also, un-
ions, and their officers would be li-
able to heavy penalties if strikes
occurred in violation of the law,
Green added.
"Workers could not even discuss
the subject of ceasing employ-
ment," he said. "That right would
be destroyed. Nor is there any logic
in the argument that they would be
deprived of the right to strike for
only 30 days. That's no more sound
than to argue that freedom of
speech and press may be denied for
30 days. There is no such provision
in the Railway Labor Act."
The May-Smith-Arends Bill just
before the holidays produced one
of the bitterest debates seen in the
House in a long while. Particularly
significant was the large number of
Republicans who took the floor and
assailed the bill in vigorous terms.
For example, Congressman Jo-
seph Clark Baldwin of New York,
an officer of several corporations,
declared : "I think management and
labor are agreed that hasty legis-
lation in this regard will boom-
erang against both of them, as did
the original Smith-Connally Act."
Likewise, Congressman Everett
M. Dirkson of Illinois exclaimed:
"I am not going to see this folly
committed without at least raising
my voice. It seems to me we here
propose to repeal one bad law by
enacting another which may be a
greater evil."
"Half-baked" was the way Leroy
Johnson, California Republican,
characterized the proposal.
"No law can outlaw strikes," he
said. "We can no more require a
worker to work against his will
than we can force a farmer to har-
vest a crop if he doesn't want to."
However, the measure garnered
considerable support from both
parties.
So the closing days of the 1945
session of Congress saw the
groundwork being laid for a finish
fight on the host of anti-labor bills.
As soon as the new session takes
up it is a foregone conclusion that
the foes of labor in both houses
will do their utmost to get one or
all of the labor crippling bills
passed. They are lining up their
forces and they are consolidating
their strength for an all-out effort.
When they think the time is ripe it
will come.
Consequently there is little doubt
but that labor faces one of the hard-
est fights of its career in 1946. The
anti-labor forces in Congress are
strong, they know all the tricks and
they have a host of wealthy lobby-
THE CARPENTER 7
ists in Washington backing- them has enjoyed or hopes to enjoy the
up with moral and financial sup- fruits of organization. It behooves
port. On the other hand, labor has every American worker to be on his
nothing but its numerical strength toes during 1946. It behooves him
with which to back up its friends, to be ready and willing to make
If labor does not use this numerical his protest known to Washington
strength to good advantage, if tele- whenever a measure comes up that
grams and letters do not pour into jeopardizes his right to band to-
Congress condemning the anti^la- gether with his fellow workers for
bor bills, the battle may well be mutual protection and progress. By
lost. The fight for the survival of what he as an individual does or
unionism now reaches down to does not do the battle will be won
every worker and wage earner who or lost.
AFL to be On Air 52 Times in '46
The American Federation of Labor again will broadcast a weekly radio
program over coast-to-coa»et networks during the entire year of 1946,
President William Green announced.
The National Broadcasting Co., the Columbia Broadcasting System
and the American Broadcasting Co. have given assurances that they will
make time available for the AFL to present its news and views on the
air, just as they did this year.
During the first thirteen weeks of 1946, the AFL will take over the
"America United" program which it initiated over NBC in 1945. This is
a forum program in which the AFL, business and farm representatives
discuss outstanding national issues with invited guests from the govern-
ment. This program now originates at 1 115 p.m., Eastern time, on Sun-
days. There is a possibility that it may be enlarged to a half-hour period,
instead of 15 minutes, next year.
The second 13 weeks on the air in 1946 will be furnished by CBS. The
nature of this program has not yet been determined. Last year the AFL
devoted these periods to a series of dramatized stories about the Seabees,
the great majority of whom were recruited from members of AFL unions.
During the last half of 1946, the AFL will return to the "Labor-USA"
program over ABC, where it is now winding up a series of 26 weekly
editions of the American- Federationist of the Air. These programs are
broadcast from 6:45 to 7 p.m., Eastern time on Saturday evenings.
*
POOR GET SICK OPTENER
People with the lowest incomes are usually sick oftener and die sooner
than those with high incomes. The Twentieth Century Fund points out
that persons on relief in 1935-1936 averaged 17 days of illness a year;
those with family incomes under $1,000 averaged almost 11 days; those
in the $1,500 to $2,000 income group averaged 7 days; and those with
incomes over $5,000, six and a half days of illness.
U.B. WINS SIGNIFICANT COURT VICTORY
ONE OF THE MOST important in many years is the decision of
the Supreme Court of Washington State, issued at Olympia on
the 13th of last month, in favor of the Lumber & Sawmill Workers
Union, affiliated with the Brotherhood. It recognizes the propriety and
legality of their picketing the CIO in the course of the recent lumber
strike for the purpose of inducing the CIO to take joint steps with the
A. F. of L. in efforts to procure an adequate and substantial wage adjust-
ment.
The Lumber & Sawmill Workers Union in the northwest, and the
United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners of America, have a right
to feel a deep sense of pride and satisfaction over the importance and
the breadth and the scope of this decision. It places peaceful picketing
upon a higher plane and a firmer ■
foundation than has ever been ac-
corded to it by any court, thus far,
in America. The decision effectual-
ly removes all fetters and restric-
tions which have heretofore ham-
pered unions engaged in peaceful
picketing. No longer is picketing
limited to the technical question of
the existence of a labor dispute, or
whether or not violation of contract
is involved, and many other limita-
tions which hitherto conditioned
the right to picket under former
decisions. Nor can the trial court
hereafter grant or refuse to grant
picketing injunctions, merely upon
its own uncontrolled discretion, in
accordance with whether it agrees
or does not agree with the objec-
tives of the picketing. Picketing as
a result of this decision is in every
respect coextensive with freedom
of speech. The decision holds that
labor on the picket line has the
same right to communicate its view-
point with respect to labor disputes
as a working man has to express his
opinion if he meets his neighbor
— as an A. F. of L. member may
have if he meets his CIO neighbor
— in the market place, in the thea-
ter, in his lodge, on the street, on
the platform or in his home. The
right of peaceful picketing for the
purpose of presenting such a view-
point is recognized as one entitled
to protection by the courts, just as
much and just as extensively as any
right that falls under the heading
of freedom of speech, freedom of
press, freedom of assembly or free-
dom of religion, all of which are
within the broad guarantees of the
First Amendment to the Constitu-
tion and the Bill of Rights. No de-
cision by any court in America has
thus far so completely vindicated
labor's right to employ the medium
of peaceful picketing as one of its
most valuable economic weapons in
attaining labor objectives, includ-
ing particularly that of procuring
an adequate wage and a decent liv-
ing standard, as has our own Su-
preme Court. The Lumber & Saw-
mill Workers Union and the United
THE CARPENTER
Brotherhood of Carpenters & Join-
ers have carried on a long and dif-
cult strike for their objectives in
the lumber industry here in the
northwest against vigorous opposi-
tion. Their members stood their
ground and have now procured for
all workers in the industry a very
gratifying improvement in living
standards and wage brackets. But
they have done more than that —
they have gained a judicial recogni-
tion in favor of the right of
peaceful picketing which will serve
and stand as a charter for labor
throughout the entire nation, and
will everywhere enhance the value
of peaceful picketing wherever or-
ganized labor feels called upon to
employ it in its campaign for ade-
quate wages, hours and conditions.
There is one further comment
that I feel should appropriately be
added : I refer to the incongruity
of the position of( the CIO in its
attempt to embarrass the A. F. of
L., not only by remaining at work
for 90c while the A. F. of L. was
out on strike for a substantial in-
crease, but more particularly in the
measures which it adopted to re-
strain the A. F. of L. from pursuing
its course of peaceful picketing.
For 50 years labor has battled, both
in Congress and before the courts,
to eliminate judicial interference
with its right to picket. It has com-
plained about the practices of
courts in the past to interfere in la-
bor controversies and to enjoin
unions in their campaign for ade-
quate wages. Slowly but surely the
courts have gradually liberalized
the right to picket, and in recent
years particularly a large measure
of recognition has been extended to
picketing. This litigation consti-
tutes the first instance, within my
knowledge, of any labor organiza-
tion appearing before the courts
and asking that the right to picket
be whittled away, restricted or cut
down. In dozens of counties in this
state, as well as in Oregon and
Idaho, the CIO — sometimes inde-
pendently and sometimes jointly
with attorneys for the Weyerhaeu-
ser interests — sought, and in the
first instance obtained, injunctions
striking down the right to picket.
In their briefs and in their argu-
ment they asked the Supreme Court
of this state to place a major re-
striction upon the right to picket.
In the years to come it will prove a
great source of satisfaction to every
friend of labor to know that the
efforts of the CIO to do so were
frustrated, and that the Lumber &
Sawmill Workers Union and the
United Brotherhood were success-
ful in obtaining from the Supreme
Court of the State of AVashington
this splendid and clear-cut defini-
tion identifying the right of peace-
ful picketing with the constitu-
tional guaranty of freedom of
speech. The decision is therefore
a landmark in the history of labor.
FIRST STRIKE DATES BACK TO 1786
In 1786, a year before the Constitution of the United States was draft-
ed, some Philadelphia printers struck for a $6 a week wage. That was
the beginning of the American labor movement for collective bargaining,
as described in a Twentieth Century Fund survey. Five years later Phila-
delphia carpenters struck for a ten-hour day which they failed to get.
10
What an alert, hard-charging line is to a college
baclcfleld, construction was to our combat forces
Construction Packed the Punch
By VICE ADMIRAL. BEN MOREELL, Civil Engineers Corps, U.S.N.
(From an address delivered before the New
York Building Congress, November 28, 1945)
T IS, I BELIEVE, particularly appropriate that we are meeting on
Wednesday rather than on Saturday afternoon. On Saturday after-
noon, the cheers are for the men who carry the ball and make the
touchdowns. Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, the heroes are praised and
the strategy is criticized. But along about Wednesday someone remembers
that there were some fellows who played in the line without whose services
the game could not have gone on and who contributed importantly to the
victory.
This analogy is applicable to the more deadly game which we have just
won. Our combat forces and their leaders have been acclaimed and have
been showered with well-deserved honors. But this is Wednesday, and
in the sober atmosphere of quiet '
contemplation, consideration should
be given to the contributions of
those who provided the power in
the line which enabled us, first, to
hold the enemy, and then to push
him back into his own territory,
where he was brought to ultimate
destruction. I refer to the work of
American industry in general, and,
more particularly, to the vital con-
tribution of our construction in-
dustry.
At the conclusion of any opera-
tion, whether it be military or in-
dustrial, it is well to recapitulate in
order that we may establish appro-
priate guides for future campaigns.
To me, the outstanding lesson to be
learned from the war which we have
just concluded is the tremendous
growth in the importance of mater-
iel power. A study of the changing
methods of warfare through the
ages leads to the' conclusion that the
multiplication of personnel power
through the instrumentality of
equipment is a significant develop-
ment. Just as in industry the power
of the individual to produce has
been m u 1 1 i p 1 ie d many-fold by
equipping him with the machinery
and tools of production, so in war-
fare has the power of the individual
to destroy been increased many-fold
by equipping him with the machin-
ery and tools of destruction. And
the contribution of construction to
the multiplication of materiel pow-
er has been a vital factor in our vic-
tory.
The full import of construction in
the conduct of a war is not general-
ly recognized, even by those in the
industry. But thoughtful considera-
tion of the subject makes it clear
that every strike by our combat
forces, whether by sea, by land, or
by air, must have been preceded by
the construction of bases from
which the attacks were launched,
and more important, the speed and
rapidity with which we were able
to lay blows on the enemy depended
upon the speed, certainty, and econ-
THE CARPENTER
11
omy (in manpower and materiel)
with which we were able to accom-
plish such construction.
The great advantage which we
were able to achieve over the enemy
by the superiority of our construc-
tion abilities was well illustrated
by an incident which was reported
by the Associated Press from Iwo
Jima. The report told how the Ma-
rines captured a Japanese major
who had been holed up in a cave
for two weeks. He blinked his eyes
in the unaccustomed daylight, then
surveyed the scene before him, the
transformed surface of his once fa-
miliar island. All of his arrogance
disappeared, and he mumbled weak-
ly the one word, "Impossible!"
The dramatization of the combat
phases of the war by the press, the
radio, and in the movies is a normal
result of popular demand. The con-
struction of a pier at which bombs
are loaded for transportation to the
forward areas is sorry drama com-
pared to the explosion of one of
those bombs on an enemy vessel.
And still, both the construction of
the pier and the dropping of the
bomb are essential parts of the great
jig-saw puzzle which must be fitted
together to spell out victory.
To attempt to tell the complete
story of construction in World War
II is beyond my abilities and the
limitations of time. But some of the
high-lights of the program super-
vised by the Bureau of Yards and
Docks of the Navy may be cited as
indicators of my thesis.
The national war program is gen-
erally considered as having com-
menced on July i, 1940, although,
as some of you know, we were well
under way with our developments
prior to that date. From July 1,
J 940, to date, the Navy has spent
and obligated, in round figures,
some $10,000,000,000 for construc-
tion. If, to this, we add the cost of
the pay, subsistence, and transpor-
tation of the SeaBees, which costs
are carried by other appropriations,
the program would total, in round
figures, some $12,000,000,000. It is
of interest to note that the entire
expenditure for public works con-
struction during the First World
War was only $189,000,000. The in-
crease in the tempo of construction
is indicated by the fact that from
1916 to 1937, a period of 21 years
including World War I, Bureau of
Yards and Docks construction work
totalled $360,000,000, as compared
with the $12,000,000,000 expended
during the past five years.
Those 21 years from 1916 to 1937
were years of expensive economy.
Instead of having a Naval Shore
Establishment adequate for the sup-
port of our fighting forces, we had
to start our war program almost
from scratch. The construction in-
dustry was faced with a major test.
The construction of plant, begin-
ning with the construction of train-
ing facilities for the personnel and
manufacturing facilities for the
equipment, is an essential condition
precedent to the expansion of a
military force.
A brief recital of some of the
achievements on Naval works is, I
believe, appropriate. You built 70
new major Naval Air Stations and
more than 100 important auxiliary
stations, including the world's larg-
est aviation training center cover-
ing an area of 45 square miles near
Corpus Christi, Texas, a total avia-
tion program costing $1,661,000,000.
You built over a half billion dol-
lars worth of structures for Naval
personnel, including great training
camps like the $55,000,000 installa-
12
THE CARPENTER
tions at Farragut, Idaho, and Samp-
son, New York.
There were more than a billion
dollars worth of ship building and
ship repair facilties, including the
facilities at the Brooklyn Navy
Yard which cost in excess of $100,-
000,000 and which includes dry
docks, ship building piers, testing
laboratories, shops, and a 16-story
warehouse.
During the same period, our con-
tractors completed the construction
of more than three quarters of a bil-
lion dollars worth of ordnance fa-
cilities and approximately $500,000,-
000 worth of supply depots. In ad-
dition, new hospitals and expan-
sions of existing hospitals increased
the total bed capacity from 6,000
to approximately 75,000 at a cost of
$200,000,000.
These achievements constitute
only a part of the program which
was carried out in this country, but
1 will not burden you with more
statistics. I believe it appropriate,
however, to mention one of our
most interesting and important de-
velopments. I refer to the design
and construction of floating dry
docks. Until the latter part of the
war, we were unable to tell this
story for reasons of military secur-
ity. Only recently have we been
permitted to disclose the vital part
that these docks played in the march
to victory.
At the beginning of the national
emergency the Navy had in service
just three floating dry docks, with
a total capacity of 40,000 tons. Our
studies lead to the conclusion that
for maximum support of the Fleet
it was essential that we project our
service facilities as far into enemy
territory as was possible, the opti-
mum arrangement being that we es-
tablish facilities close behind the
line of action. It was quite evident
that if the Fleet was to carry out
its mission many ships were going
to suffer serious damage, and those
which escaped battle damage would
be subjected to the hardest kind of
usage. Experience had taught us
that the quickest and cheapest way
to add a ship to the Fleet was to
repair an old one rather than to
build a new one; but we could not
afford to have cripples limping half
way around the world to our Navy
Yards.
So, we enlisted the support of
eminent consulting engineers and
construction firms and went to
work. By V-J Day, our three float-
ing dry docks, with total capacity
of 40,000 tons, had grown to more
than 150 docks, with a capacity of
1,200,000 tons. The most unique and
the most important of these are the
so-called "Advance Base Sectional
Docks." As the name implies, they
are built in sections, each capable
of lifting 8,000 or 10,000 tons. The
sections are designed to be towed
to bases in the forward areas and
there assembled and welded to-
gether into working units, one type
having a total capacity of 56,000
tons and the other 100,000 tons, the
smaller being designed to accom-
modate the largest battleships then
in existence and the larger being
built to accommodate the super-
battleships which were not complet-
ed during the war. Either type can
and did serve for multiple dock-
ings of a number of smaller vessels.
The docks are designed so that in
case of damage from enemy action
or other cause, any section can be
removed and docked in the remain-
ing sections, then repaired and re-
placed. This "self-healing" process
proved invaluable in service, as the
THE CARPENTER
13
docks were subjected to enemy
bombing on several occasions.
Reports from^ the forward areas
indicate that our predictions as to
the importance of these docks were
correct. As an example, three bat-
tleships which played a vital part
in the critical battle for Leyte Gulf
would not have been available had
it not been for the service provided
by our sectional dock at Manus. The
effects of the non-availability of
these three battleships can only be
conjectured, but it is certain that,
even under the best of conditions,
the battle would have been* much
more costly to our forces had they
not been there. These "Advance
Base Sectional Dry Docks" are an
exclusive development of the Unit-
ed States, and are the result of the
smooth teamwork of Government
and private industry.
In all, we spent approximately
$400,000,000 for floating dry docks
and, while this sum is large, I am
sure that no money was ever more
wisely invested. The Japanese
Kamikaze attacks were directed at
a Fleet that had brought its own
repair facilities with it. Stricken
ships were either repaired suffi-
ciently to re-enter the battle or they
were enabled to return to our ma-
jor bases where more complete fa-
cilities were available. In any event,
many of our ships which would
otherwisee have been permanently
lost to the Fleet lived to fight an-
other day.
I have not intended, by dwelling
at such length upon the floating dry
dock program, to minimize the im-
portance of our large graving docks
with which, I am sure, most of you
are familiar. I will not describe
these in detail other than to say
that during the war period we built
32 graving docks and 11 Marine
Railways at a cost of $250,000,000.
Unquestionably, the most important
of these was the great battleship
dock at Pearl Harbor, which was
commenced in 1940 and completed
by our contractor 10 months ahead
of schedule and just a few days be-
fore the fateful December 7, 1941,
ready to receive ships and to restore
the Fleet to action.
These are some of the accom-
plishments of the construction in-
dustry, the unspectacular achieve-
ments that rarely make the head-
lines but are essential for the win-
ning of wars.
The industry's contribution to
victory has been demonstrated far
more dramatically through the me-
dium of the personnel which you
have trained for our Naval Con-
struction Battalions, popularly
known as the "SeaBees." It is en-
tirely appropriate that today our
battalions are at work on their last
assignment before demobilization.
They are building shore facilities
at the Yokosuka Naval Base, at Na-
gasaki, and elsewhere in Japan.
They are making good the predic-
tion recounted in a jingle composed
by the Marines at Bougainville,
which the friendly Leathernecks
painted on a signboard. It read as
follows :
"So when we reach the Isle of Japan
with our caps at a jaunty tilt,
We'll enter the City of Tokyo
on the roads the SeaBees built."
(3rd Marine Division — 2nd Raider
Regiment)
The arrival of the Seabees on
the "Isle of Japan" was the end
of a long road which they, in
cooperation with their friends and
co-workers in the Army Engineers,
had constructed across the Pacific.
Along this road they built airfields,
the supply depots, the fueling facil-
14
THE CARPENTER
ities, ship repair bases, the hospi-
tals, communication centers, am-
munition d u m p s, rehabilitation
camps, and many other installations
necessary for the immediate sup-
port of our combat forces. They
were called upon to work under all
conditions of climate and difficul-
ties of terrain and supply, and very
often they were called upon to com-
bat the enemy as well as the handi-
caps of disease, loneliness and iso-
lation.
When Japan capitulated, more
than 83 per cent of our 250,000 Sea-
Bees were at work on advance bases
in the Pacific, and their work was
directed by some 7,000 officers of
the Naval Civil Engineer Corps.
They and the Army Engineers had
achieved a fine start on the base at
Okinawa. They were, in all, some
65.000 of them at work on a pro-
gram calling for 28 airfields and
more than 1,000 miles of heavy-duty
roads, to be accompanied by such
collateral facilities as fuel storages,
supply depots, utilities and harbor
installations.
The Okinawa project was de-
signed to be the greatest military
construction operation in history
and was to constitute the major base
from which the actual invasion of
Japan was to take place. The mag-
nitude and the variety of installa-
tions planned for Okinawa consti-
tute conclusive evidence of the
vital importance of construction in
the support of combat operations.
To give you an idea of the size of
this program, it has been estimated
that if the facilities planned for
Okinawa were constructed in the
vicinity of New York City, under
current conditions, they would cost
approximately $200,000,000, of
which we had completed approxi-
mately $60,000,000 worth during the
five months before V-J Day.
As a collateral activity, our Sea-
Bee Special, or Stevedore Battal-
ions, were unloading cargo at an
ever-increasing rate with improvis-
ed harbor facilities. It is of inter-
est to note that the total unload-
ed during the peak month of July,
1945, by the SeaBees was 1,250,000
measurement tons, or 50,000 tons
per day.
In all, we were called upon to
complete approximately 400 Naval
bases, varying in size from the
huge bases at Guam, Manus and
Leyte, to relatively unimportant PT
Boat Bases and Radar Stations.
Typical of the major bases was the
one constructed at Tinian, a brief
description of which will serve
to further emphasize the import of
construction in World War II :
When the Marines stormed
ashore on July 24, 1944, the Sea-
Bees were with them, unloading
supplies over Navy pontoon cause-
ways and establishing storage de-
pots on the beach as fast as the
supplies arrived. They worked
around the clock. At seven o'clock
on the morning of the third day,
they received an order to repair
the Ushi Airfield, which the Ma-
rines had just captured. It was so
filled with bomb craters that not
even a Piper Cub could land. The
SeaBees went to work with eight
trucks, nine bulldozers, two tandem
rollers, and miscellaneous hastily
repaired Jap equipment. On the
very next day, C-47 transport
planes were able to land and re-
move approximately 300 casualties.
While some of the men were set-
ting up camp facilities and storage
areas, others began the construction
of the first American runway, 6,000
feet long, involving the moving of
THE CARPENTER
15
a million cubic yards of coral. It
was completed in 45 days.
About five months later there ap-
peared in the Saturday Evening
Post an article in which the writer
described Tinian as the finest po-
tential base in the Pacific; but he
had not counted on the speed of
the American construction industry.
Two days before the article ap-
peared, on December 21, 1944, three
B-29's landed on a newly-completed
8500-foot runway. Today there are
two giant airports on Tinian, each
one of which has more than 30* per
cent greater mileage in runways
and taxi ways than New York's
prospective Idlewild Airport. I be-
lieve it is contemplated for Idle-
wild that planes will be able to take
off at the rate of six per minute. A
year after the SeaBees landed on
Tinian its airports could and did
accommodate eight B-29's per min-
ute for the bombing of Japan.
The magnitude of the task can be
estimated from the fact that these
Tinian airbases required 3,800,000
cubic yards of cut and 8,000,000
cubic yards of fill. The asphalt
surfacing placed on the roads, run-
ways and taxiways would have been
sufficient to pave a 20-foot highway
from Boston to Washington, D. C.
Speed of construction was an ef-
fective instrument of propaganda.
There were many evidences that "we
were able to convince the Japanese
of our ultimate victory by the tre-
mendous accomplishments of our
men and machines and the furious
pace which they set by round-the-
clock work. To illustrate this pace,
the story is told of two Negro
Army men who inadvertently drove
their truck onto the access road to
the SeaBee's coral pits on Tinian
and were kept in the stream of traf-
fic, hauling coral, for one entire
morning. It was only when chow
call sounded that they were able to
stop long enough to convince the
powers that be that they were not
really SeaBees.
In addition to the airfield work
on Tinian, the SeaBees built bomb
storage facilities, tank farms for
aviation gasoline, water supply sys-
tems, sewage disposal plants, pipe
lines for liquid fuel, radio facilities,
barracks, and many miscellaneous
structures, including hospitals for
Army and Navy with a capacity of
7,000 beds, and 70 miles of coral
surfaced roads, of which 15 miles
was four-lane super-highway with
asphalt topping. Asphalt was ob-
tained from two plants with a daily
capacity of 3,400 tons.
Good use was made of battle-
damaged Japanese power generat-
ing equipment which was rehabili-
tated and restored to working con-
dition. An artificial harbor, includ-
ing a 4800-foot sheet pile cellular
breakwater, was built, including
deep water piers and steel sheet
pile bulkhead. Minor construction
consisted of a marine railway, small
boat repair facilities, and ramps for
unloading LST's on the beach.
From the original 1,500 men who
landed with the Marines during the
assault, the number increased rapid-
ly to 15,000, grouped into 12 Con-
struction Battalions, a "Special" or
Stevedore Battalion, and a Dredg-
ing Detachment. It is significant
that while each of these organiza-
tions had its special abilities, all
battalions were called upon to do
anything which needed doing. It is
also pertinent to state that we were
always working against a deadline,
and under Japanese shell fire and
snipers' bullets.
Simultaneously, similar develop-
ments were under way on Guam
16
THE CARPENTER
and, on a somewhat smaller scale,
at Saipan and Iwo Jima. From all
of these bases the Army was send-
ing out great fleets of B-29's to
deluge the Japanese homeland with
destruction. The. base at Iwo had
an additional function to provide
refuge for battle-damaged B-29's
returning from Japan. When I was
there last August, I was told by
General Chaney, Island Command-
er, that of the 2,000 or more B-29's
that had landed on Iwo, approxi-
mately 25 per cent were in distress.
The saving in lives, property, and
war potential from this construc-
tion operation was almost incalcul-
able.
What of the future? Recent de-
velopments, in particular the pros-
pective application of atomic pow-
er and the development of the guid-
ed missile, are indicative of an
even more rapid expansion of ma-
teriel power in warfare. Where, in
the past, we have witnessed an ex-
pansion of this power in what might
be called an arithmetical series,
current indications are that the de-
velopment of materiel power will
be by geometrical progression — an
exponential expansion, if you
please. This, in turn, emphasizes
two needs : first, that we must al-
ways be prepared to mobilize our
war potential on an instant's notice,
and, second, that our industry must
be closely integrated with our mili-
tary forces in the organization of
that war potential.
Testimony recently given before
the Special Committee investigating
the Pearl Harbor disaster serves to
emphasize some things which we
already knew but the import of
which we had not properly ap-
praised. These are, first, the pitiful-
ly inadequate readiness of the Fleet
for battle, and, second, the inter-
dependence of our foreign policy,
our diplomacy, and our military
power.
As to the first of these, our un-
preparedness, I do not presume to
anticipate the findings of the select
committee investigating Pearl Har-
bor. However, I believe it pertinent
to recall to you that for many years
prior to World War II we were
apostles of that doctrine of ex-
treme altruism which advocates ac-
complishment of disarmament by
example.
The interdependence of our for-
eign policy, our diplomacy, and our
armed might has been forcibly de-
monstrated since the termination of
hostilities. Diplomacy and military
power are the instruments with
which our foreign policy can be
made effective. It is to be hoped,
therefore, that the scope of the
investigations of various proposals
for effecting a merger of our armed
forces, which are now being con-
ducted by the Military Affairs
Committee of the Senate, will be
sufficiently broad to take cogni-
zance of this interdependence. We
should have in mind that when we
appraise our military power we in-
clude in that appraisal something
more than the combat forces who
actually engage the enemy. Studies
of merger proposals, if they are to
be -adequate, should be sufficiently
comprehensive to evaluate all pros-
pective effects on our ability to
wage "total war," i.e., on our ability
to mobilize our government, our di-
plomacy, our industry, our social
and political structures and our
armed forces into a closely inte-
grated team, into a "nation at war."
There are many recent indica-
tions that we are about to embark
again on the traditional American
post-war policy of emasculation of
THE CARPENTER 17
our armed forces. But in this case of those things necessary for the
the effects of such policy are poten- support of our fighting forces. The
tially more disastrous than ever be- record of the war just brought to a
fore because of the drastic shrink- victorious conclusion gives us no
age of the time-space factor in mod- cause for concern on this score,
ern warfare. Without armed might, We have assumed r n_
we are placing the executors of our sibilities for the maintenance of
foreign policy m the unfortunate worM pgace A lafge measure of
position of the poker player who this burden properly belongs to the
enters the game with unlimited am- American construction industry. If
bition— but no chips! you are tQ maintain your brilliant
In the international game our po- record of war accomplishment, you
sition will depend upon the quality must carry over into the less dra-
of our diplomacy and upo» our matic but equally important days of
war potential. In this war potential reconstruction, the same devotion,
a vital element is the ability of our loyalty, and enthusiasm with which
construction industry to outbuild you carried on your war activities,
the enemy and to provide, with Knowing you as I do, I face the
speed, certainty, and economy, all future with complete confidence.
Food Prices to Soar as Subsidies End
The ending of subsidies and the subsequent lifting of price ceilings
can be expected to cause increases of from 10 to 40 per cent in the prices
of at least 37 basic foods within the next 6 months, it is stated in an official
survey prepared by government economists for the Office of Price Admin-
istration and the Department of Agriculture.
John C. Collett, economic stabilizer, announced that food price sub-
sidies will be removed gradually between now and June 30. Congressional
action placing subsidies back on these commodities, the economists say,
would change the situation and make unnecessary any food price rise.
Otherwise, they say, the price rise is "unpreventable." No Congressional
move is thus far known to be afoot to continue the subsidies.
The survey states that increases will be necessary in the price of
meats, bread, butter, milk, canned vegetables, cheese, dried fruit and other
commodities.
The economists said the increases will cause the highest one-year per-
centage rise in the cost of living since 1930 and will increase the nation's
food bill for 1946 more than $2,000,000,000 — about $15 a person.
One of two subsidies controlling the price of butter was lifted Nov.
8 and the price rose 5 to 6 cents a pound.
3 OP 4 HOUSES ARE SOLD SECOND HAND
Housing is largely a second-hand business. The Twentieth Century
Fund says that on the average, used houses account for roughly three
quarter of annual sales and that probably half of all the rented dwellings
in the United States are used single-family houses.
-5 IP
QUESTIONABLE IMPROVEMENT
As predicted by Labor at the time
of its passing, the Smith-Connally Bill
has proved to be a 100% bona fide flop.
Even the authors admit it now. In fact
one of them (Smith) is pushing for its
repeal. The only trouble is that he is
proposing an even more vicious and un-
workable measure to take its place, a
measure that would have even less
chance of succeeding than the Smith-
Connally Bill did. Of course, the anti-
labor Congressmen are supporting it
much as they did the first bill with
their minds and eyes closed and their
determination to shackle labor over-
shadowing their better judgment.
About all we can think of in connec-
tion with these efforts to substitute a
worse measure for the Smith-Connally
Bill is the radio comedian's little boy.
One day he brought home his report
card.
"Were you promoted, son?" asked
the comedian.
"Better than that, Pop," promptly re-
plied the lad. "I was held over for an-
other twenty-six weeks."
I have to hold him very tight, Father.
Since he's a civilian he gets so scared
when he tells me how he won his
medals.
YOU CAN'T BEAT THE ARMY
A British Army lieutenant looked
with satisfaction at a recent issue of
the official London Gazette. He had
gone through the war a lieutenant and
now his promotion to captain was offi-
cially announced. Furthermore the ap-
pointment was retroactive to April 1;
19 45 — a nice concession on the part of
the War Office. Then he looked more
closely. The date was April 1, 1065.
The lieutenant promptly wrote to the
paymaster applying for allowances for
his new rank retroactive to 1065, only
to receive this disheartening reply:
"Your application . . . has been found
in order under King's Regulations and
your account accordingly has been cred-
ited with the sum of 39,999 pounds. . . .
Your letter proves conclusively that you
are the sole officer surviving from the
Battle of Hastings, where 20,000 horses
of an estimated value of two pounds
each were lost by negligence. Under
King's Regulations the responsibility
for payment of 40,000 pounds therefore
falls upon you. I have accordingly ad-
justed your account to the extent of a
net debit of one pound."
• • •
PAUP COMES THROUGH
From his cave where he is holed up
for the winter, our favorite philosopher,
Joe Paup, sent the following little
pearly gem:
"A girl likes a fast young man — pro-
vided she has him so fast he can't pos-
sibly get away."
• • •
THEY WON'T HAVE TO SELL
APPLES
"Blessed are the peacemakers" says
the Good Book. Blessed indeed they
are these days. They're one group that
doesn't have to worry about unemploy-
ment— not with the Dutch fighting the
Javanese, the British fighting the In-
dians and the Chinese fighting them-
selves.
THE CARPENTER
19
FIRST THINGS FIRST
When Mr. Bernstein dropped dead
in his office, it was the sad duty of the
accountant, Mr. Harper, to break the
doleful tidings to his widow. He found
Mrs. Bernstein lapping up a hefty plate
of borscht soup. "Mrs. Bernstein," said
Harper with an apologetic sigh, "I am
sorry to tell you that your husband
just dropped dead."
The lady said nothing, but continued
her meal. "I guess you didn't hear me."
Mrs. Bernstein whirled on him and
shook a soup spoon in his face. "I
heard you, all right, young man," she
informed him. "And just as soon*as I
finish this borscht soup, you are going
to see a woman have hysterics!"
And that's about the way Congress
has been carrying on. It is continuing
to ladle out concessions to business
while measures to promote employment,
insure adequate housing, and keep up
workers' purchasing power gather dust
in committee pigeonholes.
• • •
IT'S A START ANYHOW
The atomic bomb that shook Japan
• is now shaking Capitol Hill almost as
badly. Now that we've got the blamed
thing we don't seem to be able to agree
as to what we should do with it. Some
of our Big Wigs want to turn it over
to the Allies, some want it kept strictly
an American deal, and others want it
thrown in the junkpile.
Which course is the best for the na-
tion, we can't say. As a starter on the
proposition, however, how about every-
body agreeing right now that in the
peace years ahead nobody will sell scrap
uranium to belligerent nations of the fu-
ture. (If you don't already know it,
uranium is the basic element of atomic
bombs. )
• • •
QUITE A QUANDARY
The, way the powers-that-be in Wash-
ington have been fumbling around with
the future of the atomic bomb, we sort
of suspect they're up a tree. If they
keep it an American secret, they are
afraid some other country will develop
the same thing secretly and someday
possibly turn it on us. If they give the
secret to our allies, it may prove to be a
mistake sometime later.
So they find themselves in about the
same predicament as the young man
who was courting the girl.
"I don't know what course to take
with Margie," he confided in his mother.
"I've been telling her so many nice
things about herself, I'm afraid if I stop
now she'll think I no longer like her,
yet if I keep it up I'm afraid she'll get
so conceited she'll think she's too good
for me."
• • •
TO THE POINT
And while we are on the subject of
marriages and divorces, did you know
that a certain midwestern daily heads
its vital statistics column (wherein are
recorded notices of birth, marriages and
deaths) as follows:
"HATCHED, MATCHED, AND DE-
TACHED."
• • •
GrVE 'EM TIME
If Congress seems slow in mapping
out a definite program to strike the
shackles off collective bargaining and
free enterprise, to make possible the
creation of adequate jobs, and to put
this country on a sound financial basis,
let's not get too discouraged.
After all, President Truman only the
other day signed a bill repaying the
Sioux Indians $101,630 for horses ap-
propriated by the army in 1876.
• • •
TRUE ENOUGH
Failure is the only thing you can ac-
complish without putting in some genu-
ine effort.
20
III
ill
Covered Bridges of Iowa
By DON B. BERRY
Publisher, Jndianola, Iowa, Record & Tribune
MANY WOODEN, covered bridges, erected 60 to 100 years ago
by craftsmen who never heard of a structural engineer, are still
standing. They have outlived a generation or two of iron and
steel bridges which have been erected, rusted out, and been replaced in
the meantime.
In Marion and Madison counties,
collection of this type of structure
covered bridges, unless some have
disappeared recently are still stand-
ing and carrying traffic in Marion
county and seven in Madison.
Most of these old bridges were
built with lattice trusses, a series
of overlapping triangles. Mathe-
matically they might extend to any
length without sagging. It used to
be said they were built by the mile
and sections cut off as needed, like
liverwurst. Judging from news-
paper descriptions, the same type
of truss carried the American ar-
mies across the Rhine.
The roofs were put on and the
sides housed to protect the wood
from the weather. The longevity
of these bridges proves the early
builders were justified in covering
them. Most of the spans in Iowa
are under 100 feet.
Many covered bridges in eastern
states have been in use more than
100 years. They are treasured as
historic markers and some are as
carefully policed and guarded for
fire as is the Liberty Bell or Mt.
Vernon. There are said to be over
300 covered bridges in Pennsylvania
and more than 600 in Ohio. A con-
siderable number can still be
found in New England, especially
here in Iowa, is probably the largest
west of the Mississippi River. Eive
in Vermont.
In a number of the early bridges
no nails or bolts were used. The
angles of the triangles were fixed
with wooden pins so accurately
formed that they would snugly fit
the bored holes, tight as could be,
with a portion of the pin still pro-
jecting and slightly too large to
go into the auger holes when first
built.
After the bridge had stood for
some time and the wood had had
time to cure and shrink, if it was
going to, the builders would come
and drive the pins farther into the
holes to give the truss its final
tightening. While this process may
seem crude to us today, it attests
to the craftsmanship of our fore-
fathers. When one considers the
limited number of tools they had
to work with it seems almost unbe-
lievable that they could achieve
the precision and ruggedness that
went into the engineering and con-
struction of the bridges. After a
century of constant use some of the
bridges are still sound and use-
able, a genuine tribute to the dur-
ability of wood, our foremost and
most plentiful raw material.
21
President of Federation of Government Employes
outlines the drawbacks to working for Uncle Sam
Ifs Not All Caviar
By JAMES B. BURNS
President, American Federation of Government Employes
TIME was when the people thought it would be a nice thing to
work for the government. Not so many of them think so now.
Some years ago people thought government employes had life-
time jobs at fancy salaries and very little work to do. They have been
educated on these points in recent years.
During the war the government service expanded as it never had
before. It got to the point where almost everybody was working for
Sam or had a relative or close
friend who was working for him.
Personal experience with govern-
ment employment dissipated many
of the illusions.
People have found out that Uncle
Sam, while by no means the worst
employer in the world, is also by no
means the best ; that he can be just
as penny-pinching in some respects
as a sweatshop boss of the Nineties ;
that he never seems to be quite
sure how many employes he wants,
where he wants them or what he
wants them to do ; and that he hires
and fires as arbitrarily as old-time
"rugged individualists."
Organized government employes
have been telling the American peo-
ple part of the story over a num-
ber of years, but the American
people had to come to close grips
with government employment them-
selves before they realized what the
whole story was like.
It is a lucky thing for the aver-
age man that he doesn't have as
many bosses as the average govern-
ment employe. The Executive
Branch hierarchy — the chain of
command from the head of a de-
partment to the very minor super-
visor— is imposing enough, in it-
self, but that isn't all of it by any
means.
Above all these fellows — the im-
mediate supervisor, and his imme-
diate supervisor, and all the rest,
'way up to the top — are 531 other
bosses, the members of Congress.
Any one of the members of Senate
or House may take a special inter-
est in some agency, or a part of an
agency, and that may mean almost
anything. It may mean abolition of
the unit or it may mean its unprece-
dented expansion. The odds are on
the first alternative.
Then there is the President, who
at any time may prepare an execu-
tive order that will upset consider-
ably the affairs of an agency and
consequently of many individuals.
For example, an executive order
may transfer an agency from Wash-
ington to St. Louis or Albuquerque.
That sort of thing is by no means
unknown. And the Comptroller-
General, the Attorney-General and
the courts are continually making
rulings that affect the government
w o r k e r — such, for example, as
whether he can collect overtime for
22
THE CARPENTER
certain work that he has done but
which gives rise to some legal ques-
tions.
Finally, there is the real boss
of the government employe — the
American people. The people are
continually being told by a well-de-
fined economy bloc that there are
too many government employes,
that they get too much money, that
they don't earn it and that, anyhow,
the American people don't want the
services they have asked the gov-
ernment to provide for them.
The consequence of all this is
that the government employe, con-
trary to old-time belief, is a worker
without too much security of tenure
or locale. He may be bounced out
of his job on pretty short notice.
He may be told to pack up, almost
overnight, and transfer to an office
in Maine, or Oregon, or almost any-
where else he doesn't particularly
want to go. There was a lot of this
during the war and, now that the
war is over, there will be more. Fir-
ing, reorganization, centralization
and decentralization go on all the
time.
So much for the "security" of a
government job. Now for the pay.
During the warthe cost of living
rose rapidly, as any housewife will
attest. But government salaries
didn't rise.
Employes' hours were stretched
out from thirty-nine to forty, to
forty-four, to forty-eight, to in-
credible lengths in some agencies.
At the FBI, for example, a sixty-
eight-hour week was regarded as
pretty soft during the more hectic
periods of hostilities. But was there
any overtime pay? Not for the
white-collar people. Some of them
worked in close association with
craftsmen who were paid on a per
hour or per diem basis, and those
craftsmen got increased base pay
and overtime; but not the white-col-
lar group. If the clerical people
ever had held any feeling of super-
iority over manual workers, they
got over it promptly.
Although they were getting any-
thing but a square deal, the govern-
ment workers did their jobs cheer-
fully and tried to make out on their
salaries as best they could, buying
bonds, paying wartime taxes and
contributing to wartime causes as
generously as they could.
Things ultimately reached the
point where something simply had
to be done. It was little enough.
Congress passed a war overtime act
that had the effect of increasing in-
come enough to prevent hardship in
most cases but not enough to give
the employes an even break. Uncle
Sam didn't pay true time and a half
except to some of the very low-paid
groups, and still there was no in-
crease in base pay.
Just before the war came to an
end, Uncle Sam did a little better
by his nephews and nieces. He gave
them a 15 per cent base pay in-
crease on an overall basis — the low-
er paid ones got a little more, some
of the high-paid ones considerably
less. He also reformed his over-
time pay procedure by making it
true time and a half up to the
$2980 base pay rate — but at about
the same time he cut the amount of
overtime worked, and a little later
eliminated overtime altogether in
most government agencies.
The upshot of it all was that few
government employes were any bet-
ter off financially than before the
pay increase was given them, and
they were all worse off, in respect
to the purchasing power of their
base pay, than before the war.
THE CARPENTER
23
Pay had been increased 15.9 per
cent. Promotions of one sort or an-
other averaged about 5 per cent
more. But the government's own
statisticians admitted that living
costs had risen not less than 30 per
cent in the same period.
I have commented on the alleged
security of government jobs and on
the alleged high pay of government
jobs. Most workers in private em-
ployment not of a distinctly war-
time nature are equally secure", if
not more so, and received wartime
adjustments in pay equal to or bet-
ter than those of government em-
ployes. All this would make it ap-
pear that the government people are
in rather a spot, and one might be
excused for wondering why work-
ers take jobs in government agen-
cies.
Well, after all, there are compen-
sations. The most material one is
the civil service retirement system,
which does provide pretty well for
the employes' old age — much better
than the provision Social Security
makes for workers in industry.
Then, too, there is a fairly liberal
vacation and sick leave system,
though it doesn't compare as favor-
ably with industry as was the case a
decade ago.
But in my own opinion the most
important compensation is the de-
sire on the part of so many people
to be of service to their fellow-men.
That is a very real motivation for
most of them. Recently a Congres-
sional committee heard simply
overwhelming testimony as to the
loyalty of government employes
who had remained on the job
though they could have earned
three or four times as much out-
side. They felt that with Uncle
Sam they were doing a job worth
while in the public interest. They
may have had their doubts about in-
dustry.
At this time the American Fed-
eration of Government Employes is
doing its utmost to bring about the
enactment of legislation for a base
pay increase for government white-
collar workers. The Senate Civil
Service Committee has reported fav-
orably on Senator Downey's bill, S.
1415, which provides for an overall
20 per cent increase in pay. The
A.F.G.E. had asked for an increase
of at least 24 per cent, but -the com-
mittee did not change the original
Downey draft as to the amount.
The bill will face severe opposi-
tion in its journey through Con-
gress. Of that we are aware. But
we are aware also that we have
right and justice on our side.
It is to the interest of the Ameri-
can people, and particularly of the
labor movement, that government
employes be paid on a scale that
will attract the best talent of our
young people. That does not mean
that Uncle Sam must pay more than
anyone else ; they do not expect
that. But they do not think they
ought to be penalized.
As for the labor movement, it is
of the greatest importance that the
standards set for government em-
ployment be fair and reasonable;
for while strongly organized unions
can enforce scales and conditions
better than the government pays,
the standards prevailing in govern-
ment service afford an excellent
lever for lifting those employes in
occupations where bargaining pow-
er cannot be so effectively applied.
The fight for better conditions
for government employes is a
never-ending one. The record of the
American Federation of Labor in
their behalf is an illustrious one; it
has given the American Federation
24 THE CARPENTER
of Government Employes the Thousands of trade unionists have
staunchest support in our many bat- sons and daughters in government
ties — those for restoration of pay service. Those youngsters ought to
cuts after the depression, for "liber- be" union men and women too, and
alization" of the retirement act, for if they come within the jurisdiction
true time and one-half for overtime, of the American Federation of Gov-
for the night differential, and for ernment Employes we want to wel-
the many, many other gains that come them to membership. — The
have been achieved in recent years. Federationist.
»
Savings Can't Hold Prosperity
A. U. S. Department of Labor report on family incomes in 1944 backs
labor's view that wartime savings cannot maintain post-war buying of
peacetime goods at high levels and inferentially supports labor's conten-
tion that wage increases are basic to maintenance of high purchasing
power.
The report, issued by the department's Bureau of Labor Statistics,
says that wartime employment opportunities and earnings contributed
by more than one member of the family group raised family incomes last
year to the highest point in history.
Taking issue with assertions that the average family has accumulated
enough savings in war bonds during its period of higher earnings to per-
mit large-scale spending on peacetime products, thus threatening infla-
tion, the bureau says :
"Reports on bond purchases in 1944, however, suggest that the total
bond holdings at income levels below $3,000 do not comprise much of a
backlog to be used for purchases of goods coming back on the civilian
market."
The bureau report makes it plain that the average family, though its
income may have been at record high levels, was not exactly rolling in
wealth during 1944.
Half of all families and single persons in 1944 had incomes, after pay-
ing taxes, of $2700 or more, the bureau finds. The half-way mark in 1941,
the last pre-war year was $1900.
The bureau, in reviewing statistics on higher income living costs, esti-
mates that an income of $1475 was sufficient in 1941 to cover the average
city family of three expenses for current living for members, while the
minimum for "breaking even" in 1944 for the city family of two or more
members had risen about a third, to $1950. The report said:
"Such families, averaging three persons in size, lived very modestly,
spending an average of barely 22 cents per meal per person and $30 per
month for housing, fuel, light and refrigeration. They paid $119 during
the year in taxes."
An income of this size covered expenditures for living but left nothing
for such savings as war bonds or life insurance, the bureau states.
The bureau emphasizes, however, that a family with this income did
buy savings bonds or paid on life insurance, but to do so either had to
draw on other savings or go into debt for $168.
25
The Fight Goes On
• ■ * •
WHILE achieving great records of production for the war abroad,
American industry's planners and workers last year also made
record contributions to fight the war against a still unbeaten
enemy at home — the war against infantile paralysis.
The 1945 March of Dimes topped all previous appeals, and enabled the
National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis to carry on its organized fight
against polio wherever this crippling disease may strike.
Once again, last year, poliomy-
elitis stalked our country. More
than 13,000 cases were reported.
Epidemics raged in sections of
Tennessee, Utah, Illinois and New
York. The National Foundation dis-
bursed more than $1,000,000 in
emergency aid to epidemic areas, in
fulfillment of its pledge that "no
victim shall go untreated for lack
of funds, regardless of age, race,
creed or- color."
In the records of the National
Foundation for Infantile Paralysis,
no outbreak is more dramatic than
the serious epidemic of 1944 in
North Carolina. Polio struck in
thinly-populated Catawba County
and swept through the Catawba
River valley like a brush fire.
Only a miracle of or-
ganization ■ — "The Mira-
cle of Hickory"- — saved
the situation. Children
were transported to a
temporary hospital erect-
ed in three days. Physi-
cians, nurses, physical
therapists were rushed to
the area. Behind that
Miracle were the re-
sources and experience-pf'
the National Foundation, January 14.31
teamed with strong and willing men
and women of the Area.
When polio hit Henderson Coun-
ty, Tennessee, in the summer of
1945, the County Chapters of the
National Foundation transported
patients from their homes to the
nearest large hospital in Memphis,
70 miles or more away. Patients
who required aftercare were treat-
ed in their homes, if possible, or
were taken to convalescent centers.
Cases often are reported in com-
munities that have no hospitals with
proper facilites for the care of polio
patients. Such equipment as hot
pack machines and wool and the
services of skilled physical thera-
pists are essential. Through the
National Foundation patients can
be and are hospitalized,
greatly increasing their
chance of recovery.
Poliomyelitis is one of
the most expensive di-
seases known to medi-
cine. Not only must many
victims of past epidemics
receive continuing care,
but each years' outbreaks
add new names to the
steadily growing list.
Hospitalization for a sin-
26
THE CARPENTER
gle patient may cost more than $2,-
500 a year. Some cases require con-
tinuing- care for several years. Few
families can meet the cost of ex-
tended polio treatment.
Before the National Foundation
was launched, infantile paralysis
was considered a "local affair."
Throughout the land, men, women
and children fought the disease
with the inadequate resources then
available.
Today, a national network of lo-
cal Foundation chapters stands
ready to combat polio wherever it
appears and to provide continuing
care for patients from former out-
breaks. Each chapter, wherever it
may be, has the total backing of the
national organization.
Epidemic action and epidemic aid
are the more obvious and dramatic
aspects of the National Founda-
tion's work. Everyone who has
come through a polio epidemic
knows this part of the organiza-
tion's work. But there is another
less spectacular and less familiar
aspect: Science.
The Foundation, in its eight-year
history, has appropriated over $8,-
000,000 for research and education.
In universities, medical schools and
laboratories, men of science are
working under Foundation grants
to seek preventive and possible cure
for infantile paralysis.
Physicians, nurses, physical ther-
apists, medical social workers and
others are constantly being trained
in modern methods of treating poli-
omyelitis and readjusting its vic-
tims to useful lives. A constant pro-
gram of education is being carried
on by means of booklets, leaflets,
radio, movies, to bring the facts
about polio to the families of
America.
The fight is costly, and the costs
increase as the National Foundation
expands its activities, and as each
succeeding epidemic adds new
names to the growing list of pa-
tients for whom chapters must pro-
vide care, in many cases for years.
Half of all contributions to the
annual March of Dimes conducted
January 14-31 by the National
Foundation for Infantile Paralysis
is retained by the local chapter for
special equipment, hospitalization,
transportation, treatment and care
of polio patients. The other half
goes to the national organization
for research, education and emer-
gency aid in epidemics.
Farm Land Values Now Top Pre-War by 52%
The persistence of the wartime boom in farm land values is disclosed
in a recent survey by the U. S. Department of Agriculture which shows
an average advance of one per cent a month for the last four years and a
total rise as of March i, 1945, of 52 per cent above the pre-war (1935-39)
average.
For the four months ended March 1 last year the rise was 5 per cent,
bringing the advance for the year for the country as a whole to 11 per cent,
the study says. In only two years out of the last 34 did greater advances
occur, the survey adds — 15 per cent during the year ended in March, 1944,
and 21 per cent in 1919-20 when the peak of the World War boom was
reached. The rise in 20 of the 48 states during the current war has ex-
ceeded the average for the country as a whole with gains ranging from
more than 60 per cent to over 80 per cent above pre-war.
27
WAGES, PRICES AND PROSPERITY
By JOHN P. FREY
(Delivered over the nationwide network of the Mutual Broadcasting System)
* * *
1
"^HE QUESTION of wages and prices has created a rapidly grow-
ing unrest. Partisans, special pleaders and politicians, economists,
industrialists and organized workmen, are presenting their argu-
ments to a public which has already indicated some evidence of confused
thinking.
Our national prosperity demands a solution to the problem of wages
and prices, the relationship between the two and the present economic
inconsistency, and the conflict between them. There never has been a time
when it was more essential that
Americans as a nation should con-
sider some of the outstanding facts
involved in the relationship of
wages to prices, and the effect of
this relationship upon national
prosperity.
A point of view will be expressed
and defended this evening which
endeavors to analyze the outstand-
ing economic facts and present the
problem in its true light, not from
the standpoint of what labor is en-
titled to, or management, or capital,
but from the standpoint of stable
national prosperity.
There is a possibility, even a
probability, that in connection with
prices and wages we have been
looking through the wrong end of
the telescope and placed the cart
before the horse.
It is elemental, that unless there
is the national capacity to con-
sume, there can be no satisfactory
market for manufactured goods, no
full realization of America's genius
in the field of production.
The great majority of our citi-
zenship— the farmers and the work-
men— have their consuming capac-
ity determined by the price the
farmer receives for his product, and
the wages received by the work-
men. If any internal condition de-
velops which unbalances their re-
lationship to industrial production,
to distribution and prices, then a
most serious injury has been done
to national prosperity.
Why have there been demands
and even strikes for a 30 per cent
or greater increase in wages? Is
there any economic or social justi-
fication for labor's demand to bal-
ance the cost of living by adequate
wage rates? Let us examine some
of the essential facts with unpreju-
diced minds. We must consider
this question open-mindedly if our
country is to avoid some of the un-
sound economic conditions which,
more than anything else, created
the depression which began in 1929.
During the six years ending in
1929, when the unthinking believed
the nation to be more prosperous
than ever before, we were in fact
sowing the seeds of the economic
unbalance which brought on the
28
THE CARPENTER
overwhelming depression which
followed.
The Federal Census of Manufac-
turers indicated that the total value
of our manufactured products in
1923 was $60,556,000,000. Two years
later in 1925, the value of our manu-
factured products had increased
some $2,200,000,000 above 1923 ; yet
the total volume of wages in the
manufacturing industries was $689,-
000,000 less than in 1923. In 1929
the total value of our manufactured
products was $10,000,000,000 great-
er than in 1923. On the surface that
would appear to be prosperity, a
greater volume of production and
increased value or prices for those
goods. However, the total volume
of wages paid in our manufacturing
industries in 1929 was only $611,-
000,000 above the amount paid in
1923; in other words, there had been
a rapidly widening gap between the
volume of wages paid and the value
of manufactured goods, the employ-
es in the manufacturing industries
being progressively less able to buy
back the products of the manufac-
turing industries.
While the total sum of wages be-
ing paid failed to keep pace with
the enormous increase in the value
of the manufactured goods, much of
the income from higher prices went
into interest on bonds and divi-
dends on stocks. In 1922 the total
dividends paid by all corporations
was $930,648,0000. These payments
had increased to $3,478,000,000,000
in 1929. Bond holders fared even
better, for interest payments rose
from $2,469,000,000 in 1922 to $7,-
588,000,000 in 1929.
One direct result of the failure
to place a sufficient amount of
wealth being created each year in
the pay envelope was an unprece-
dented increase in the capital in-
vestment structure in our country.
Those who had received the bene-
fits of increased interest and divi-
dend payments re-invested much of
their money in investments. The re-
port of the Department of Com-
merce indicates that from 1923 to
1929, the capital investment struc-
ture in the United States increased
44-i billion dollars. Even though our
country was producing wealth in a
fabulous way as compared to other
nations, the annual volume of
wealth being created was wholly in-
sufficient to pay interest and divi-
dends on this enormous additional
capitalization.
The economic structure collapsed,
collapsed principally because a bal-
ance had not been maintained be-
tween wages and prices; a sufficient
amount of the national wealth cre-
ated each year had not gone
through the wage earners' pay en-
velopes, so that their purchasing
capacity could be maintained. An
insufficient amount had gone to the
farmer for what he was producing.
The economic picture of that pe-
riod is not a pleasant one to look*
at, unless our purpose is to learn
lessons through the bitter school of
experience.
After the national emergency de-
veloped in 1940, Federal agencies
were established to prevent the re-
currence of the economic mistakes
of the first World War period, and
those of the six year period ending
in 1929. The Government wisely de-
cided that definite checks must be
placed on wages and on prices, par-
ticularly those entering into the
cost of living. Unfortunately, and
unwisely, two separate agencies
were created, one the War Labor
Board dealing with wages, and the
other the Office of Price Adminis-
tration, whose responsibility was
THE CARPENTER
29
to prevent an increase in prices of
consumer goods.
The Administration through the
War Labor Board, effectively froze
wages from 1942. The OPA did not
succeed in freezing prices, particu-
larly those entering into the cost
of living, so that while wages re-
mained frozen, the cost of living
constantly increased. The dollar
progressively lost its value as* a
purchasing medium due to the in-
crease in the cost of living.
It was a serious blunder for the
Government to create two separate
and independent agencies, one deal-
ing with wages and the other with
prices. It is now clear that the reg-
ulation of wages and prices should
have been under a single agency,
which could be held responsible if
it permitted an unbalance to de-
velop between the two.
The Dept. of Labor Index for
the cost of living some time ago
indicated an increase of 31 per cent
over 1940 prices. However, these
statistics were vigorously challeng-
ed; the facts presented being such
that the Secretary of Labor was fin-
ally forced to admit that the BLS
Index failed to include all of the
increase in the cost of living.
The statistical staff of the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor, assist-
ed by numerous outstanding statis-
ticians, found that the increase in
the cost of living from January 1941
up to a few months ago, averaged
47 per cent. Some standard foods
on the wage earner's table increased
from 150 to 250 per cent.
Wages and prices went through a
somewhat similar experience from
1914 to 1918. There were many in-
creases in wages during the first
World War. The workers were
paid more dollars than they had
formerly received, but the cost of
living advanced more rapidly, so
that when a survey was made of
the first World War period, it was
found that the worker's real wage,
the purchasing power of his dollar,
had been reduced, so that with the
higher wages he was receiving in
1918, he could buy less than in 1914.
When labor and the farmer fail
to receive an adequate share of the
nation's wealth they produce, it fol-
lows that somewhere in our dis-
tributing system an unsound eco-
nomic condition has developed.
Some of the wealth created by la-
bor and the farmer is being unduly
and unsoundly absorbed by some-
one else to the injury of a stable
economic condition.
It is of little avail to freeze both
wages and prices if somewhere else
in the national economic system
others absorb that part of the na-
tional wealth created each year
which should go to the primary
producers.
The worker most properly will
defend his standard of living which
is based upon the real wage he re-
ceives, the purchasing power of the
dollars in his pay envelope. There
can be no national prosperity in any
real sense unless the wage earner's
real wage is maintained, and for
that matter increased. Aside from
maintaining the real wage, to per-
mit a steady increase in prices es-
tablishes an exceedingly dangerous
condition to national welfare.
As prices increase the values of
securities are reduced. Every one
holding securities, particularly
Government securities, is seriously
affected. Ten years ago many wage
earners, and people in moderate
means, purchased Government Sav-
ings Bonds, at that time paying 75
cents for each dollar they were to
30
THE CARPENTER
receive in return when the bonds
matured this year.
The increase in the cost of living
since 1935, as_the BLS Index indi-
cates, is over 30 per cent, so that
when the purchaser of a $1,000 Sav-
ings Bond, for which he paid $750
in 1935, cashes that bond at the end
of this year, he will receive $1,000,
but the purchasing power of these
dollars is now at least 30 per cent
less. In other words, the purchas-
ing power of that $1,000 is less than
he originally paid for the bond, and
the interest during the ten-year pe-
riod.
If one of the functions of govern-
ment is to regulate wages and
prices, and examine into the na-
tion's distributing system, then the
emphasis must be placed on bring-
ing down prices and eliminating
any feature in our system of distri-
bution which siphons off that por-
tion of wealth being created
through production which should
first go to the pay envelope.
The nation faces a most serious
problem when the Government fails
to maintain the real value of its se-
curities. No economic system is
sound when the worker's real wage
is not maintained, or under which
the purchasing power of his sav-
ings is reduced, and reduced to an
extent where he cannot even secure
a return of the dollar value of his
savings. Labor cannot of itself
alone control prices and what takes
place in our distributing system,
but labor is most assuredly on
sound ground when it insists that
so far as it is directly concerned,
it will not accept a lower real wage,
and will insist upon lower prices.
The President inherited a dan-
gerously unsound economic condi-
tion. Wages had been frozen, prices
had increased, and the purchasing
power of securities and Govern-
ment bonds had been reduced. That
condition, if continued, spells eco-
nomic disaster.
In his radio message to the na-
tion the President demonstrated
that he understands the problem.
Wages must be increased, prices
must be held in check. Management
and labor must be equally willing
to face the economic facts and be
governed by a genuine willingness
to work out their problems through
collective bargaining, and as joint
stockholders in the greatest corpo-
ration in the world, the United
States of America.
ALL RETAIL. STORES BOOST DOLLAR SALES
Retail stores doing all kinds of business increased sales in December 12
per cent above the same month last year, preliminary government figures
seem to indicate.
This does not mean, however, that consumers got more goods. It means
they paid higher prices for such goods as they were able to obtain.
MIDDLEMEN EAT UP TOO MUCH
On the average, it costs more to distribute goods in the United States
than it does to make them, according to the Twentieth Century Fund's sur-
vey Does Distribution Cost Too Much? Fifty-nine cents of your dollar
pays for distribution, forty-one cents for production.
31
REVIVE GERMAN UNIONS -- Keenan
PEAKING before the Advertising Men's Post of the American Le-
gion there, Recording Secretary Joseph D. Keenan of the Chi-
cago Federation of Labor urged the Legion to watch carefully the
developments in Germany and Japan, while the policies of the victorious
powers are still in the formative stage, and asserted that "the decisions
being made now may spell the difference between war or peace in the
years to come."
"Returning veterans want to have a voice in these decisions," he said.
"They are looking to the Legion to carry their views not only into domestic
circles, but into the foreign policy — ■ — ■
councils as well." cified conditions, and under the
Keenan was vice-chairman for la- general surveillance of the mili-
bor production of the War Produc- tary government. This policy is
tion Board, and later was a member part of the pattern developed by
of the United States group control the military government in the
council in Germany. American zone to rebuild German
Setting forth that determined ef- institutions from the ground up.
forts are being made to reestablish In the case of trade unions, the
a democratic government in Ger- object is to make certain that the
many as a first line of defense organizations develop out of a gen-
against future aggression. Keenan uine workers' interest and need,
said that the basic foundation for uninfluenced by pressures from the
such a movement is through such top, Keenan, said,
free institutions as the German The speaker predicted that the
churches and trade unions. He add- current winter will be "terrible"
ed : for the German people, and point-
"This attitude does not repre- ed out that what will be available
sent pure benevolence on our part, to them will be far below any
Whether or not we like it, we are conditions "we might desire to im-
forced to rely in the final analysis pose as punishment." Food, fuel,
on the Germans themselves to as- and transportation are still major
sume the burden of running Ger- problems, and a large amount of
many, under appropriate guaran- unemployment exists because in-
tees and supervision. Therefore, we dustry is virtually at a standstill,
must do everything in our power Reviewing his work with the
to encourage and stimulate the ele- War Production Board and its pre-
ments in the population which are decessor agencies, Keenan said that
most favorable to our way of no one person, or any one group of
thinking. persons, was responsible for the
The revival of the German labor country's phenominal production
movement is essential to a demo- achievements, and declared that
cratic government in Germany, rather, it was "the voluntary team-
Keenan continued, explaining that work, the fusion of many hands and
the policy on unions in the Ameri- many brains, and sacrifices of many
can zones provides that workers individuals, and labor and manage-
may organize under certain spe- ment groups."
Editorial
The Same Bitter Road
Day by day the picture gets gloomier on the industrial front where the
big battle against inflation is being waged. Rising prices threaten to en-
gulf the economy and swamp the workers in a whirlpool of mounting liv-
ing costs.
To all intents and purposes, the present era is closely following the
disastrous pattern that led to so much trouble following the last war.
Things are drifting down the same bitter pathway. Unless they are
halted abruptly, the same heartbreaking disillusionment awaits us at the
end of the trail.
The same fevered frenzy that blinded the financiers in the Twenties
seems to be gripping the speculators now. Stock prices are climbing all out
of proportion to their intrinsic value. Farm prices have skyrocketed far-
beyond economically justifiable figures. Home prices, too, have literally
run wild. By and large the old familiar picture of the Nineteen Twenties
is emerging clearer and clearer week by week.
When everything is added up, it takes no college professor to see that
the way is being paved for a crash that will make 1929 look like a minor
recession. While prices are going up, everything is rosy; but once they
start down (and they always do when the people wake up and realize
that they are out on the end of a limb), chaos breaks loose. Speculators
find they have stocks on hand that can't possibly yield decent dividends
at the prices they paid for them; farmers find they have lots of new land
on which they can't realize interest charges; home owners find they have
homes on which they can't keep up payments under normal conditions.
Then the bubble bursts and there is a mad scramble to salvage something
out of the wreck. Homes, farms and stocks hit the skids. Profits vanish
rapidly and depression sets in for a long and bitter siege.
And on the reconversion front, it looks more and more as if there is
an organized strike by industry. Goods are not coming on the market as
rapidly as they should be. Two things are apparently happening: Manu-
facturers are holding back post-war goods until they have disposed of all
their shoddy war goods, and 2. they are filling their warehouses with
new goods and holding on to them in the hope that price ceilings will be
lifted or released altogether.
Commodity prices, too, have climbed week after week since V-Day,
this despite the fact that most overtime costs were eliminated, wage rates
were lowered through downgrading, and many other expenses were elimin-
ated. Actually commodity prices should be coming down instead of rising.
However, business seems to be in no mood to do anything but drive prices
and profits upward. In Detroit the price of citrus fruits doubled overnight
THE CARPENTER 33
when controls were lifted. And so the sad story goes; greed is once more
in the saddle riding pell mell for the abyss of eventual depression.
As usual, the daily press is laying all the blame for runaway prices at
labor's doorstep. Yet nothing could be farther from the truth. Plain
greed is at the bottom of the whole thing. Is it labor that is causing
stock prices to skyrocket? Is it lab^or that is doubling the prices of farms?
Is it labor that is causing home prices to climb to stratospheric heights?
In all cases the answer is, no. Labor costs, if they have any bearing on
any one of these items, should have a deflationary rather than an infla-
tionary effect.
Time is running out. We. paid dearly for our mistakes after the last
war. Let us hope that we learned something from that bitter lesson.
Let us hope that we avoid the same pitfalls before it is too late.
Let's Fly the Boys Home
It's an old army saying that there are three ways of doing things:
the right way, the wrong way, and the Army way. The saying may be a
little bit harsh on the Brass Hats, but sometimes their way of doing things
does pass understanding. Take for example the other day. A newspaper
we were reading had two pictures in it : the one on the front page showed
groups of Pacific veterans stranded in West Coast cities because trans-
portation wasn't available to take them home; the one on an inside page
showed workers at a Boeing plant breaking up a dozen B-29's because
they were "surplus" as the caption put it.
Now, from where we sit, this looks a little bit like the "Army way" of
doing things. Why aren't those B-29's flying boys home from the Pacific
ports? In fact why aren't the thousands upon thousands of bombers of
all kinds that we used all during the war fulfilling the same purpose? We
were able to send out three or four thousand bombers at a time to bomb
Germany and Japan but we don't seem to be able to use them to get our
boys home.
Each big bomber could transport twenty-five to thirty GI's across coun-
try ; not in comfort perhaps, but comfort is the last thing the boys are
interested in. What they want is to get home. Whereas a boy can fly
from San Francisco or Seattle to Chicago or Cleveland or Indianapolis in
ten or twelve hours, it takes him three days to make the trip by train —
when, if, and as he can get on one. A couple of thousand bombers utilized
as transports could fly at least 50,000 GI's a day across country, thereby
releasing train space for GI's with shorter distances to travel. We have
the planes, we have the pilots, we have the airports. What we don't seem
to have is somebody with foresight enough to order the thing done.
After all, we were able to fly our boys to Africa and Normandy and
Saipan and Okinawa and the other hot spots of the war where death and
destruction awaited them. Somehow or other it just doesn't seem logical
that we can't fly them home where peace and loved ones and normal living
are to be their reward.
34 THE CARPENTER
We Need Less, Not More, Red Tape
Indications are that Spring will see the greatest building boom in
peacetime history get under way. The pent up demand for all kinds of
building has reached unprecedented heights. The building material situa-
tion is improving. Thousands of skilled building tradesmen are coming
back from the armed forces. In fact the green light seems to be in effect up
and down the line.
However, there is one disturbing factor in the whole picture: the threat
of continued or even extended government control. What the building
game needs least of all is additional government red tape, yet more of the
same seems to be in the offing. Laudably enough, the government seems
determined to check inflationary price increases in building — especially
home building. With this aim practically no one but promoters with get-
rich-quick ideas has any quarrel. Yet on the basis of past experience, the
building industry, by and large, looks with trepidation on further govern-
ment encroachment in the building field. If it means added bureaus, forms,
directives, and red tape, building may be hampered and slowed down at
the very time when it should be hitting its peak.
We Must Move with Caution
Recently the President focused the spotlight of public attention on
the health problem of the nation by advocating a five-point program osten-
sibly designed to increase medical care for those in the lower income
brackets. He thereby brought to a boil a vexing problem that has long
bubbled and seethed below the surface.
That some sort of an arrangement for better medical care of the poor
is coming is a foregone conclusion. It is also a foregone conclusion that
such a program is long overdo. Statistics gathered during the war show
that too many of our young men entered manhood with physical de-
fects that could have been prevented through adequate medical attention
in childhood.
However, there is great danger that we may jump into the frying pan
out of the fire. Under the prevailing system of individual initiative, we
have developed the best and most skilled doctors in the world. They have
contributed more to the advancement of medical science than all the rest
of the doctors in the world combined. The answer to our problem is not to
tamper with this high quality medical care but rather to broaden it and
make it available to more and more people. If we socialize medicine or put
doctors under the control of politicians we spell doom for the quality of
our medical care.
We were fortunate enough recently to hear first hand from a former
German doctor how state medicine worked in that country before the
war. He told how dozens of youngsters in pre-war Germany were lined
up over a wooden trough. A doctor came along with this instruments,
dived into each child's throat and yanked out his or her tonsils. The
tonsils he dumped into the trough. Another doctor followed him with an
atomizer and gave each child a shot of spray. The two doctors walked out
THE CARPENTER 35
of the room and the children were left there over the trough spitting- and
dripping blood into it like so many hog carcasses in a packing plant. It
was all as cold and as impersonal as a Detroit assembly line.
Certainly this is not the kind of medical care we want for anyone in
this country. Human beings are not machines. On an assembly line a nut
or a washer fits one machine as nicely as it fits another. But the same thing
is not true of human beings. Each of us is an individual with an individual
personality and individual idiosyncrasies. What is good for one may be
poison to another.
Assembly line methods in medicine certainly do not hold the answer.
Yet assembly line methods are what we would inevitably get under a
system that made robots of doctors. Therefore it behooves us to approach
the problem of broader medical care with extreme caution. We must
make sure that in working out the remedy we do not produce something
that is more injurious than the disease it was concocted to cure.
On the other hand, the question of adequate medical care for everyone
can no longer be ignored. Something must be done to bring within the
reach of even the lowest paid worker in the nation high quality medical
attention. The large number of young men whom the Army found to be
physically unfit because of some condition that could have been eliminated
through adequate medical care in childhood is nothing short of disgrace.
The greatest asset of this or any other nation is its children. If we are
capable of financing two hundred billion dollar wars, we certainly should
be able to safeguard the health of our children.
e
Every Worker Must Act
Probably at no time since the turn of the century has organized labor
faced a more desperate fight for its existence than it is now facing. Reac-
tionary forces in Congress, aided and abetted by various employers'
groups, are choking hoppers in both the House and Senate with measures
aimed at crippling labor. Defeating one or two of them will not be
enough. Labor will have to see to it that they are all beaten — decisively
and irrevocably.
In a speech at Harrisburg, Pa., last month, AFL Secretary-Treasurer
George Meany summed up the whole situation in a few words. Said he:
"No company sluggers this time; no sawed-off shotguns or tear gas. No,
this time the means used is going to be more subtle. In the interest of
industrial peace we must have just a little bit of compulsory legislation
for labor. Just a little compulsory arbitration at first. Then a little com-
pulsory work legislation. Then maybe we will have a little revival of
government by injunction. Then, perhaps, a little bit of the old conspir-
acy doctrine, under which any worker who suggests to another worker
that they both cease work would be liable for monetary damages and per-
haps a jail sentence on a criminal charge."
That, in a nutshell summarizes the situation. It is up to every worker
who believes in organized labor, every worker who has enjoyed the
fruits of organization to enter the fight against these crippling bills. That
is the only way they will be defeated once and for all time. Think it over.
36
LABOR-MANAGEMENT RETAIN VIGOR
THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT conference, ballyhooed by press
and radio under pressure from administrative agencies as being
the "real McCoy," wound up its deliberations without agreeing to
deprive either management or labor of their inherent economic and legal
rights which will prove a great disappointment to professional meddlers,
"burrocrats" and those within the Administration who believe that things
can right themselves under a "sit-tight policy" that makes the O.P.A.
"would-be mastermind'" Bowles a virtual economic dictator.
When the conference opened President Truman and Secretaries
Schwellenbach and Wallace assured the 36 delegates representing labor
and management that the conference was their own for them to manage and
reach their own conclusions. In-
formed Washington knew that this
was but an empty gesture and true
to form, as soon as protests were
filed by independent unions seeking
representation, the old burrocratic
method of design and control took
over.
Former chairman of the War La-
bor Board, George W. Taylor, who
had already been selected as secre-
tary of the conference by Govern-
ment authorities, wielded enough
power to save his old colleague on
the W.L.B., Frank P. Graham, pres-
ident of North Carolina University,
Professor William F. Ogburn of
the University of Chicago, and Otto
S. Beyer, professional labor con-
sultant who is wedded to prolonged
conciliation and mediation, as a
committee to hear proposals from
the independent unions. Thus in
Hollywood style the show was made
bigger and better. Extra stars were
added, as a circus barker would say,
at great expense.
This committee offered a five-
point program which was almost
identical with a later five-point pro-
gram offered by Ira Mosher, presi-
dent of the N.A.M., and which was
a blueprint for burrocracy in labor
affairs. The paradox in all politic-
ally called conferences to write
rules of procedure in collective bar-
gaining is that management is al-
ways insistent upon regimenting
labor under Government controls
while insisting at the same time that
employers should enjoy the fullest
freedom of free enterprise.
Both proposals would hamstring
collective bargaining by prolonging
negotiations to a degree that work-
ingmen would be so far behind the
parade they couldn't even hear the
calliope. Instead of free collective
bargaining and economic relief,
workers would be fed statistics and
fact-finding results for an indefinite
period under burrocratic prescrip-
tion.
It is the old Army game of slow-
ing the workers out of it.
In a two-page analysis purporting
to be an interpretation of his five-
point program, Mosher clearly re-
vealed that it was the hope of man-
THE CARPENTER
agement to put labor in a legal
straight-jacket. Under the Mosher
proposal laws would be enacted that
would be strictly anti-labor in con-
cept and make labor unions liable
for damages resulting from any-
work stoppage.
But let the Mosher statement re-
veal management's intent :
"I do not question in any way
labor's right to strike or to dis-
agree with the proposals man-
agement has presented here.
But I do want to point out in the
public interest that unless labor
is willing to agree that it will
not use the weapons of indus-
trial warfare until orderly pro-
cedures for the peaceful settle-
ment of disputes are tried and
unless labor is willing that laws
and regulations shall apply
equitably to both labor and
management, there is little
hope that this conference can
do more than deal with some
of the less important causes of
labor unrest."
The simple fact is that President
Mosher forgets the fact that cor-
porations are artificial devices that
are licensed to do business because
they are artificial devices. A corpo-
ration is not a person in the flesh
but a combination of investors
which, after all is said and done as
regards large corporations, is abso-
lutely dominated and controlled by
officials and proxy dupes, and in
most instances with only a minority
of stock behind them.
Trades unions are democratic in-
stitutions, the membership of which
is dual in character, being both pro-
ducers and consumers. To conceive
the idea that people are born to
work under compulsory conditions
for an artificial device such as a cor-
poration is certainly an un-Amer-
ican viewpoint. To pass laws that
would bring about such compulsion
means to enslave workingmen and
women.
Only the utilities and railroads
are regulated to any appreciable de-
gree, and even the financial state-
ments of those corporate structures
are so confused and misleading that
the stockholders have to take the
official corporate word for it.
The laws of the land are liberal
to corporations — as witness, the
present tax laws. A comprehensive
comparison of tax takes as regards
individuals and corporations can
only be obtained by the separation
of direct and indirect taxes. Invari-
ably the direct and indirect taxes
on the worker's product and his liv-
ing expenditures reveal that the
worker in the dual capacity of pro-
ducer and consumer does carry the
load — and how !
Thus, any attempt to compare the
democratic makeup of a trades un-
ion and the part trades-union mem-
bership plays in the organic make-
up of society with the clique rule
of corporations, despite widespread,
small stock holdings in corporations
by the public, is absurd.
The same fundamental reasons
for public welfare legislative safe-
guards governing the conduct of
corporations find no place in logic
as being necessary of application to
trades unions. As an example, right
now all the high-powered pressure
of the politicians and the millions
being spent in publicity by the cor-
porations are being directed against
labor. Nothing is being done to
curb the abuse of patent rights or
to force employers to obey the la-
bor laws of the land.
Yet free collective bargaining is
38 THE CARPENTER
being checkmated by the Adminis- Any legislation designed to put
tration's policies, condemned by labor in a legal strait-jacket would
politicians and fought under cover eventually destroy the high produc-
by corporations whose spokesmen tive efficiency of American workers
publicly declare themselves for it. as well as free enterprise.
The overwhelming majority of A11 of which should make clear
American labor believes in free en- why it is essential that American
terprise and it requests the same workers protect their economic
freedom of equal rights with em- freedom— all Pollyanna ideas to the
ployers in enjoying free collective contrary.
bargaining. The hopes and aspira- Regardless of the general public
tions of labor and employers are concept, the labor-management con-
identical. Corporations and labor ference was not a failure. In fact,
unions are organized for the same it revealed American vigor.
purpose — economic gain. — U. M. W. Journal
e
AFL Unions Ask Better Government Meet
A proposal for a labor-management conference to promote better gov-
ernment was submitted to President Truman by the Government Em-
ployes' Council of the American Federation of Labor.
In a letter to the President, Foster J. Fratt, Secretary-Treasurer of the
council, said :
"In the past, various 'experts,' many of them actually subsidized by
large corporations, have managed to set themselves up in the center of
governmental operations and to radiate their assumed influence to the
best advantage of themselves. Now that the war is over, it seems entirely
possible that this same influence will be brought to bear to take over the
influential zones of government.
"We believe the subject of better government is of such vital interest
to the President of the United States that you may want to consider the
announcement of and convening at an early date of all leaders of what-
ever persuasion to general conference in Washington to turn their atten-
tion to suggestions to be submitted to you to bring about efficiency in all
phases of executive government.
"Certainly the Government Employes Council of the American Fed-
eration of Labor stands prepared to bear its portion of responsibility for
any assignment which you determine as result of setting up such con-
ference. If you will be good enough to indicate your desire to call such a
conference at a convenient date, rest assured this council will remain on
call."
*
NO TARGET SAFE
"No military target is too far away for tomorrow's super bombers,"
General Henry H. Arnold, chief of the Army Air Forces, said recently.
He predicted that bombing planes soon will be able to make non-stop
flights of 16,000 miles — more than four times the distance between New
York and London.
1946 to See Increasing
Volume of Construction
39
CONSTRUCTION activity should increase throughout 1946. The
huge unsatisfied demands will undoubtedly continue to force an
upward trend in the construction volume, as well as in the course
of the Nation's economy, H. A. Dick, AGC president predicts.
Business generally is moving ahead, slowly but surely, in the shift
from war to peacetime production. Confidence in the immediate future
continues to be high, with government and the general public sharing in
the belief that gfood times lie ahead.
On account of shortages of manu-
factured materials and uncertain la-
bor conditions, large-scale opera-
tions in construction may not be
attained before the end of the year.
The Associated General Contrac-
tors of America has voiced the ob-
jective of construction operating at
the rate of $12,000,000 annually a
year from the end of the war. It
appears that such a rate can be at-
tained. But even that rate cannot
quickly satisfy all demands.
The construction industry as a
whole faces enormous accumulated
and new demands for its services.
To supply those demands will re-
quire the same resourcefulness and
same know-how as the industry ex-
erted in the war program.
There can be no question that the
aim of everyone should be develop-
ment of the Nation to the fullest
extent of its resources. That would
require something like $20,000,000,-
000 annually in construction. This
would provide business opportuni-
ties and jobs for about 4,000,000
men at the site of construction, and
create job opportunities for from
6,000,000 to 8,000,000 off the site.
There is almost no limit to the
extent to which the Nation can be
developed in the future if labor,
management, government and all
elements devote their energies to
that task with the unanimity of pur-
pose which was displayed during
the war.
The construction industry is now
operating in an atmosphere of ma-
terial and manpower shortage and
the threat of rising prices, which
is exerting a deterrent influence on
contract letting. General industrial
strife has also slowed the pace of
construction activity. But earnest
and intelligent men are conscienti-
ously seeking to adjust the difficul-
ties in the industrial field, particu-
larly between labor and management.
Something of a compromise is sure
to be effected.
The threat of rising materials
markets is always a strong deter-
rent to new construction, and it im-
poses an added burden on the con-
tractor to whom the owner looks
for a satisfactory structure at a rea-
sonable price.
40 THE CARPENTER
It is certainly to the interest of tion systems to development of na-
all groups in the construction in- tional resources,
dustry to make every effort to in imagination, originality and
get a large volume of construction adaptability, no industry is more
work under way as rapidly as pos- resourceful than the construction
sible, but to gain that volume will industry. But the extent to which
require a close figuring of costs all the demands for new construction
along the line. can be met will depend in large
The construction industry has the measure on developments in the na-
capacity and ability to handle all tional economy. The construction
the construction work which the industry cannot execute an expand-
Nation needs to improve and re- ed volume of work and prosper for
build its physical facilities — from long unless all industries and all
factories, housing and transporta- elements of the population prosper.
•
Safety Should Be Labor Function
Promotion of safety should be as definite an objective of labor as
wages and working conditions," said N. H. Dearborn, president of the
National Safety Council.
As guest speaker on "Labor, U.S.A.," the American Federation of
Labor's ABC broadcast, Dearborn said more Americans have been killed
by accidents since Pearl Harbor than were killed by the armed forces of
Germany and Japan — 255,000 as compared to 261,608.
"This squandering of lives at home is as unnecessary as it is tragic,"
declared Dearborn. "Labor, management and professional safety people
must coordinate their efforts to apply our knowledge of accident preven-
tion. Safe working environments must be supplemented by an endless,
energetic, educational campaign for safe practices among individual
workers.
"Labor is in a strategic position to undertake this task," he said, "be-
cause workers understand that unions are concerned with their safety. La-
bor's efforts to prevent industrial accidents began nearly a century ago,
reaching a climax with the passage of workmen's compensation laws early
in this century.
"In the many plants the industrial safety program of the National
Safety Council is being translated into such coordinated action, with
good results for both management and labor."
Dearborn concluded : "I know that labor will continue to do all it
can during this crucial period of reconversion and expansion to free
American workers from the pain, expense and tragedy which are the in-
evitable price of industrial accidents."
e
The professor put out his tongue, and the doctor added : "That seems
to be all right, but why the postage stamp?"
The professor beamed at him and exclaimed "Ah, so that's where I
left it."
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Secretart
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
103481 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
3684 W. 136th St., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
1182 St. Lawrence, Rm. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
REGULAR MEETING OF GENERAL EXECUTIVE
BOARD
November 12, 1945
The General Executive Board met in regular session on the above date at the
General Office, Indianapolis, Indiana.
General President Hutcheson, Chairman of the Board in Washington, D. C.
attending the Labor-Management Conference called by the President of the United
States.
Audit of Books and Accounts of the Gengral Office commenced.
November 13, 1945
Audit of Books and Accounts continued.
November 14, 1945
General President Hutcheson present.
As the twenty-fifth General Convention of the Brotherhood, which was to be
held in 1944, was postponed by referendum vote taken under date of February 15,
1944 until after the war and as that vote authorized the General Executive Board
to call that Convention as soon thereafter as expedient, but in any event within
one year after hostilities cease, the General Executive Board in compliance there-
with decided that the twenty-fifth General Convention of the United Brotherhood
of Carpenters and Joiners of America be held in Lakeland, Florida, commencing
Monday, April 22, 1946.
42 THE CARPENTER
The proposition of Local Union 22, San Francisco, California, to strike out
Paragraph C, Section 5 4 of our General Laws, endorsed by more than the required
number of Local Unions for submission to referendum vote, was placed before the
General Executive Board by the General President as he had notified Local Union
22 he would do so but as the Board had already decided that the next General
Convention of the United Brotherhood be held in Lakeland, Florida, beginning
Monday, April 22,- 1946 and as Paragraph B, Section 63 of our General Laws
specifies that "no new laws or amendments shall be submitted for a vote of the
Local Unions between Conventions in which the result of such vote would not be-
come a law six months prior to the holding of the General Convention, the Board
therefore decided that this proposition be referred to the next General Convention
for consideration and action.
*****
Request of the Lumber, Timber and Sawmill Workers of the Northwest
for financial relief for their members on strike, was referred to the General
President for action as soon as possible.
November 15, 1945
The General President notified the Board that in accordance with the provi-
sions of Paragraph A, Section 10 of the General Constitution, he appointed Brother
Chas. A. Johnson, Jr., of New York City, New York to fill the vacancy on the Gen-
eral Executive Board, First District. The appointment was unanimously approved.
Local Union 264, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; 213, Houston, Texas and 301, New-
burgh, New York, want to know if honorably discharged members of the Armed
Forces can be kept in good standing after being discharged and after careful con-
sideration of the matter the Board approved the reply of the General Office that
"any veteran returning is required to pay his dues commencing with the month in
which he is discharged and continue to pay dues if he expects to receive the rights
and benefits of a member of the United Brotherhood."
***** _
Redding, California, Local Union 1599, wants to know if a ruling has been
made on (1) Paragraph F, Section 42, qualifications for membership. (2) Can
Lumber, Timber and Sawmill Workers transfer to Local Union 1599 without hav-
ing served four years apprenticeship on a two year membership card and avoid an
examination as to their qualifications. (3) What will be the status of these mem-
bers when admitted to Local Union 1599 — beneficial or semi-beneficial members.
The Board approved the answer of the General President on these matters
dated October 12, 1945, which herewith follows:
"Section 7, Paragraph B of the General Constitution sets forth our
claim of jurisdiction which extends over several divisions and sub-divi-
sions of the Trade and under Section 46 of the General Constitution it
provides that members may transfer from one Local Union to another and
if they have been a member of the Brotherhood for a period of two years
or longer they would not be subject to any additional initiation fee;
neither would they be subject to another examination as it is expected
that the examination will be given at the time application is filed and
as there are several branches of our Trade any member qualified to follow
any particular branch would be granted the privilege of doing so.
"When a Semi-Beneficial member deposits his clearance card in a
Beneficial Local Union his status is then changed to a Beneficial member
as of that date and he would be permitted to follow any branch of the
Trade for which he is qualified."
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Local Union 343. — Request for assistance in
organizing work referred to the General President for further investigation.
The Convention Call was drafted and approved to be issued November 20, 1945.
THE CARPENTER 43
Appeal of Local Union 899, Parkersburg, West Virginia, from the decision of
the General President in the case of Lee Birthisel and Leonard Roy Sporleder,
members of Local Union 1207, Charleston, "West Virginia, versus Local Union 899,
Parkersburg, West Virginia, was carefully considered after which the decision of
the General President was sustained on grounds set forth therein and the appeal
was dismissed. As Local Union 899, Parkersburg, West Virginia, has not returned
the fines of $50.00 each imposed on these members, the General Secretary is in-
structed to deduct that amount ($100.00) - from the next per capita tax received
from Local Union 899 so that these men may receive their money.
The demand of Local Union 899 to be privileged to send a representative to
appear before the Board was denied as it was decided years ago that the Board
can only act on the evidence paper* and documents passed on by the General
President.
*****
Appeal of the Providence, ■ Pawtucket and Central Falls Carpenters' District
Council from the decision of the General President in the case of David Lamb,
Frank P. Melanson and Fred J. Hellman, members of Local Union 67, Boston,
Massachusetts, and Ben H. Thompson, a member of Local Union 218, Boston, Mass-
achusetts versus the Providence, Pawtucket and Central Falls District Council was
carefully considered after which the decision of the General President was sus-
tained on the grounds set forth therein and appeal was dismissed.
# # $ a£ 4
Request of the Maryland State Council of Carpenters for financial assistance
in establishing uniform- working conditions throughout the State and for organ-
izing purposes in the small towns in the State was denied and the matter of organ-
izing was referred to the General President.
Appeal of Local Union 1786, Chicago, Illinois, from the decision of the Gen-
eral Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Anton Jecmen, a former mem-
ber of said Local Union, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at time
of death, was carefully considered after which the decision of the General Treas-
urer was sustained and the appeal was dismissed.
*****
Appeal of Local Union 2942, Albany, Oregon, from the decision of the General
Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of James L. Hampton, a former member
of said Local Union, who was killed in action on Luzon Island, was carefully con-
sidered and the claim was referred back to the General Treasurer for further in-
vestigation.
Appeal of Local Union 2550, Tacoma, Washington, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of John J. Budmich, a former
member of said Local Union, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at
time of death, was carefully considered after which the decision of the General
Treasurer was sustained and the appeal was dismissed.
*****
Renewal of bond of General Secretary Duffy in the sum of twenty thousand (dol-
lars ($20,000.00) through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of
Baltimore, Maryland, for one year from August 15, 1945 to August 15, 1946 was
referred to our Legal Department.
Renewal of Fire Insurance on contents of General Office, 222 E. Michigan
Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, in the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars
($25,000.00) through the Security Fire Insurance Company of Davenport, Iowa,
and the Merchants Fire Insurance Company of Denver, Colorado, expiring Sep-
tember 24, 1950, was referred to our Legal Department.
Renewal of Fire Insurance on contents of our Printing Plant, 516 Hudson
Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, in the sum of twenty thousand dollars ($20,000.00)
through the General Insurance Company of Seattle, Washington, expiring October
7, 1950 was referred to our Legal Department.
44 THE CARPENTER
Renewal of Workmen's Compensation Insurance on Employees of General
Office, 222 E. Michigan Street, and Printing Plant, 516 Hudson Street, Indian-
apolis, Indiana, and General Representatives throughout the country by the
United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Maryland, expiring
October 12, 19 46, was referred to our Legal Department.
Renewal of Employees Liability Insurance to take care of the Brotherhood's
liability under the special employers liability law in the States of Oregon and
Washington through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Balti-
more, Maryland, expiring October 12, 19 46 was referred to our Legal Department.
Renewal of Public Liability Insurance in amounts from Five to Ten Thousand
dollars on Printing Shop, 516 Hudson Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, expiring Octo-
ber 12, 1946 was referred to our Legal Department.
Renewal of Fire, Windstorm and Hailstorm Insurance on the Printing Shop,
516 Hudson Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, through the General Insurance Company
of Seattle, Washington, expiring October 30, 1948, was referred to our Legal
Department.
Local Union 772, Clinton, Iowa, protests the action of the General Executive
Board in regards to the Home and Pension Fund, and as the proposition of Local
Union No. 22, San Francisco, California, on this matter was referred to the next
General Convention, it was decided that this protest take the same course.
November 16, 1945
Bay City, Michigan. — At a meeting of the General Executive Board held at the
General Office in Indianapolis, Indiana, on October 14, 19 44, the Board had under
consideration communications from Walter Sundquist, a member of Local Union
116, Bay City, Michigan, in which he charged that
"All officers working out of Headquarters are receivers of stolen
property"
and as this statement was libelous, scurrilous, derogatory and defamatory, the
member making it should be dealt with as the Laws of the Brotherhood provide.
The Board therefore instructed Local Union 116, Bay City, Michigan, to prefer
charges against Walter Sundquist.
Local Union 116, Bay City, Michigan, now reports that charges were preferred
against Walter Sundquist. A Trial Committee was selected and a trial held.
Walter Sundquist was found guilty and was fined the sum of two hundred dollars
($200.00) which he paid.
Report of the General Secretary for the year ending June 30, 1945 was care-
fully considered after which it was ordered filed for future reference.
*****
Appeal of Local Union 312 8, New York City, New York, from the decision
of the General Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Joseph Stahl, former
member of said Local Union, on the grounds that he was over sixty years of age
when initiated and only an honorary member, not entitled to benefits. The de-
cision of the General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal was dismissed.
*****
Request of the District Council of New Orleans, Louisiana, for financial aid
for relief of men on strike was referred to the General President.
*****
Central California District Council of Lumber Handlers requests the with-
drawal card be condensed to a more suitable size. The matter was referred to the
General Secretary.
* * * * *
Request of Local Unions 1487 and 2998, Toronto, Canada for financial aid
for organizing purposes for at least a year was referred to the General President.
*****
Appeal of Local Union 764, Shreveport, Louisiana, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the disability claim of L. F. Rodriques, a mem-
THE CARPENTER 45
ber of said Local Union, for the reason that it was not filed with the General Office
within two years as the law specifies. (See Paragraph B, Section 51.) The de-
cision of the General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal was dismissed.
A Sub-Committee of the Board examined the Securities held by the General
Treasurer in the vaults of the Indiana National Bank, Indianapolis, Indiana, and
submitted the following report:
"We, the undersigned Sub-Committee of the General Executive Board, have
made an audit of the Securities held by General Treasurer S. P. Meadows, in the
vaults of the Indiana National Bank, and find the following:
General Fund
U. S. Treasury Bonds:
1956-59 $ 250,000.00
1955-60 • 60,000.00
1962-67 400,000.00
1963-68 1,000,000.00
1964-69 1,500,000.00 $3,210,000.00
U. S. Defense — Series G-2y2s:
1953 $ 50,000.00
1954 100,000.00
1957 100,000.00 $ 250,000.00
U. S. Treasury Certificates of
Indebtedness:
1946 __$ 240,000.00 $ 240,000.00
Dominion of Canada:
1959 $ 107,000.00
1960 50,000.00 $ 157,000.00
Canadian Victory:
1948 $ 50,000.00
1956 50,000.00 $ 100,000.00
Defense Fund
U. S. Defense — Series G:
1953 $ 50,000.00
1954 i 50,000.00 $ 100,000.00
U. S. Treasury Certificates of
Indebtedness:
1946 100,000.00 $ 100,000.00
Home and Pension Fund
U. S. Defense Series G:
1953 $ 50,000.00
1954 100,000.00
1955 50,000.00
1957 100,000.00 $ 300,000.00
U. S. Treasury:
1947 $ 300,000.00
1956-59 250,000.00
46 THE CARPENTER
1962-67 100,000.00
1963-68 500,000.00
1964-69 600,000.00 $1,750,000.00
U. S. Treasury Certificates of
Indebetedness:
1946 __■ $ 200,000.00 $ 200,000.00
Respectfully submitted,
R. E. Roberts
Harry Schwarzer
Roland Adams
*****
Audit of Books and Accounts completed.
There being no further business to be considered the Board adjourned to meet
at the call of the Chair in Lakeland, Florida.
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary.
OFFICIAL NOTICE
The Twenty-fifth General Convention of this organization will be
held at our home, Lakeland, Florida, beginning Monday morning, April
22, 1946.
The Convention Call was issued on November 20, 1945 and a copy sent
to each Local Union. Delegates and alternates must be elected in Decem-
ber 1945 or January 1946, and the General Secretary so notified.
Paragraph F, Section 18 of our General Laws specifies that:
"The Recording Secretary shall, under penalty of Five Dol-
lars ($5.00) fine, at once report to the General Secretary the name
and post office address of the delegate and alternate."
Please see that this is done.
Your attention is called to Paragraph D, Section 63 of our General
Laws, which provides that:
"All amendments to the General Constitution submitted by
Local Unions, District, State or Provincial Councils for the con-
sideration of the Convention shall be forwarded to the General
Secretary not later than the 15th day of February 1946, preceding
the holding of the Convention, and the said amendments shall be
published in our Official Journal in the issue immediately follow-
ing their receipt by the General Secretary, and no further amend-
ments shall be considered by the Constitution Committee other
than those submitted in accordance with the above, but amend-
ments to any section can be offered from the floor during the re-
port of the Constitution Committee."
€>
Notice to Recording Secretaries
. The quarterly circular for the months of January, February and March,
1946, containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to all Local
Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in receipt
of this circular should notify Frank Duffy, Carpenters' Building, Indian-
apolis, Indiana.
THE CARPENTER 47
Proposed Changes to our Constitution and Laws
By Connecticut State Council of Carpenters.
Add to Section 15, ParagraphE :
Any agreement made between any building craft or building trade and our
National Office shall be presented and be ratified or rejected by the rank and file of
our membership.
♦ * & ♦ *
By Local Union 512, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Amend Section 18, Paragraph I to read:
The General Treasurer shall pay out of the General Fund, transportation ex-
penses, not to exceed four cents (4c) per mile, each way, of all delegates entitled
to seats and attending the General Convention.
Mileage shall be computed over the shortest route over which a ticket for
continuous passage can be purchased. All other legitimate expenses to be defrayed
by the Local Union they respectively represent.
By Local Unions 40, 56 and 218, Boston, Mass.
Add to Section 42, Paragraph U:
Members of the United Brotherhood shall be required to know whether their
respective employers have a signed agreement with their District Council or Local
Union. It shall be a duty of the Union to ascertain this fact and to obtain
agreements as a requisite to the employment of its members, except, where agree-
ments are not required, or, where they are in the process of negotiation between
the Employer and the Union.
By Local Union 829, Santa Cruz, Cal.
Change, amend, and add to the following Sections and Paragraphs in our
Constitution as follows:
Section 49, Paragraph C, to read:
One year's membership $ 50.00
Two years' membership 150.0O
Three years' membership 250.00
Pour years' membership 350.00
Five years' membership or more 600.00
Section 49, Paragraph D, to read:
Two years' membership $ 40.00
Three years' membership 75.00
Five years' membership 125.00
Ten years' membership 200.00
Section 50, Paragraph D, to read:
One year's membership $ 50.00
Two years' membership 100.00
Three years' membership 150.00
Section 51, Paragraph G, to read:
One year's membership $ 75.00
Two years' membership 150.0O
Three years' membership 300.0O
Four years' membership 450.00
Five years' membership or more 600.00
48 THE CARPENTER
Section 52, Paragraph B, to read:
Two years' membership $ 50.00
Three years' membership 100.00
Five years' membership or more 150.00
Section 54, Paragraph B, to read:
A member shall hold continuous membership for not less than twenty-five
years.
Section 54, add Paragraph F, to read:
A member entitled to and receiving said pension of $15.00 per month shall
pay not more than $1.00 per month dues.
$ # afe # $
By Missouri State Council of Carpenters.
Change Section 54, to read as follows:
Members eligible for the Home, shall be permitted to take their wives with them
that they may share their declining years together, providing that the member and
his wife have been legally and lawfully married, for at least one year prior to the
date the member is admitted to the home.
Paragraph A.
A member shall not be less than sixty (60) years of age to be eligible to the
Home or Pension.
Paragraph B.
A member shall also hold continuous membership in the Brotherhood for not
less than thirty (30) years to be eligible to the Home or Pension.
Paragraph C.
A member, whose application for admittance to the Home, had been approved
by the proper authorities, shall have his traveling expenses paid by the General
Office to the Home.
Paragraph D.
A member, not wishing to avail himself of the privilege of entering the Home,
may apply for a pension, not to exceed $30.00 per month, and a minimum of not
less than $15.00 per month.
Paragraph E.
This law supersedes all former laws of the Brotherhood on th subject of Home
or Pension for members of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of
America.
* ■% # * *
By Local Union 22, San Francisco, Cal.
Strike out Paragraph C, Section 54 of the Constitution and Laws of the United
Brotherhood. Section 54 to read as follows:
Home and Pension
Paragraph A.
A member shall not be less than 65 years of age to be eligible to the Home or
Pension.
Paragraph B.
A member shall hold continuous membership for not less than thirty years.
Paragraph D.
The traveling expenses of a member whose application for admittance to the
Home has been approved by the proper authorities shall be paid by the Local
Union in which he holds membership.
Paragraph E.
Members not wishing to avail themselves of the privilege of entering the Home
may apply for a Pension not to exceed $15.00 per month.
Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
tsi m l&ttttt
The Editor has been requested to publish the name*
of the following Brothers who have passed away.
Brother WALFRID T. ANDERSON, Local No. 299, Union City, N. J.
Brother JAMES BURNETTE, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother HAROLD R. CULLIVAN, Local No. 885, Woburn, Mass.
Brother R. D. FORSBERG, Local No. 1130, Titusville, Pa.
Brother ART. FRANZON, Local No. 1052, Hollywood, Cal.
Brother ELBERT FRYE, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother JOHN HENRY GOODEN, Local No. 10, Chicago, 111.
Brother PAUL HAFEMAN, Local No. 282, Jersey City, N. J.
Brother MATTHEW HOFFMAN, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother ARTHUR HOGGBLOM, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother ANDREW JACKSON, Local No. 1149, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother WM. J. KERR, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother WM. A. KILLEBREW, Local No. 1339, Morgantown, W. Va.
Brother JOHN LIDSTONE, Local No. 1325, Edmonton, Alta., Can.
Brother J. W. LITTLE, Local No. 1149, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother EDWARD LONGCHAMP, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother CLYDE OWEN, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother P. J. RAINSFORD, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother WALTER RHYNDRESS, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother GEORGE A. ROBINSON, Local No. 1149, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother ANTONE SEVILLES, Local No. 1803, Enumclaw, Wash.
Brother J. T. SHOOTER, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother GEORGE STORMS, Local No. 188, Yonkers, N. Y.
^e tviia lane baton lji» Hie in beten&e at & ttm&e beetneb
big fyim ia W just is, in i\[z &&Z& sxi ($ob stnb man, a fytxtx.
• * *
Brother Albert Applegate, Local No. 299, Union City, N. J.
Brother Robt. A. Frew, Local No. 1630, Ware, Mass.
• • •
CorrQSDondQRCQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
BOYS STILL SAYING "THANKS" FOR SMOKES
Although the war has been over for many months, letters of apprecia-
tion for cigarettes provided by the Cigarette Fund are still coming into
the General Office almost every day. Some of the letters are from boys
still mopping up in the Pacific, some are from Germany and Italy and
Iceland, and some of them are even from boys who were prisoners of the
Japanese. Despite the hustle and confusion of getting back home, these
boys took time out to drop a card of thanks to the General Office.
Particularly interesting was a letter from a Texas boy who served in
the Marine Corps. He and 343 of his buddies in a Jap prison camp re-
ceived a case of cigarettes provided by the Cigarette Fund, probably the
first they tasted since falling into Jap hands. This chap writes:
*****
Olney, Texas
November 29, 1945
Dear Sir :
I found the enclosed card in a carton of Raleigh cigarettes that
was dropped by a B-29 at Kosaka, Japan, August 28, 1945, where
I was a prisoner of war.
I can't tell you how welcome those cigarettes were and I wish
to thank you for them. You can be sure that your cigarettes
were equally appreciated by the other 343 men in that camp.
Yours truly,
Cpl. Charles A. Kirken, USMC.
A Faithful Servant
The Editor:
At a meeting of Local 1456, New York City, held on Tuesday, No-
vember 13, Brother Charles Johnson, Sr., was presented with a token of
esteem from the Officers and Membership of the Local Union.
Brother Johnson resigned as Treasurer of the Local Union on October
1st of last year after having served as Treasurer of the Union for close
to forty years. He was unanimously elected Treasurer Emeritus and a
life member of the Local Executive Committee.
Brother Johnson has served his fellow workers well during the greater
part of his life. He is the only living founder of the present Dock Build-
ers Union and prior to 1898 had organized two other Dock Builders
Unions, one of which was affiliated with the Knights, of Labor. He is now
52
THE CARPENTER
approaching his 82nd birthday and during his span of life has been
associated with Dock Building organizations for close to 55 years. The
Officers and Membership regret losing the services of their beloved Treas-
urer, but realize that the condition of his health requires him to give up
the responsibilities of local office. We all join in wishing him health and
long life.
Fraternally yours,
William Jacobsen, Rec. Secy.,
Dock Builders' L. U. 1456.
Illinois Council Holds Fine Convention
The Seventeenth Annual Convention of the Illinois State Council
convened in Springfield, Illinois, October 26, 1945 and continued through
Saturday. President Wm. Lee of Local No. 16, Springfield, introduced
Reverend Rothe who gave the invocation. Reverend Rothe is a member
of Local 16. Also he introduced Mayor Kapp of Springfield and Louis
Rodier, President of the Springfield Construction Trades Council who
welcomed the delegates and wished the convention success. He then
presented President Ottens with a fine gavel, a gift from Local 16.
President Ottens opened the Convention and introduced Major Moore
Seated, left to right, Earl Oliver, Vice-President, 1st Dist.; President
George C. Ottens. James W. Simger, Vice-President, 2nd Dist. Standing,
J. Earl Welch, Vice-President, 6th Dist.; John Brenton, Vice-President, 7th
Dist.; Jack Ball, Secretary-Treasurer; Jack Ellis, Vice-President, 3rd Dist.;
Frank Junker, Vice-President, 4th Dist. ; Dale Stump, Vice-President, 5th Dist.
who was a Jap prisoner of war for three years and eight months. Major
Moore described the time spent as a Jap prisoner in detail, explaining that
he wasn't looking for sympathy or honor but wanted the world to know
the horrors of the "March of Bataan" and the treatment given to Ameri-
cans on Japan prison ships.
THE CARPENTER 53
The Committee on Credentials reported 68 delegates, three alternates
and four fraternal delegates seated.
Brother Charles F. Howard, Vice-President of the Indiana State Coun-
cil ; Frank R. Hanks, Secretary of the Oklahoma State Council ; E. C.
Meinert, Secretary of the St. Louis District Council and Wm. Rose of
Local Union No. 5 representing the St. Louis District Council were fra-
ternal delegates. Each gave an interesting talk.
General Representative Cheesman who is commissioner on the Illinois
Post- War Planning Commission gave a concise and detailed report of
the activity of the Commission.
Nominations were opened for officers Friday afternoon, there being no
changes except in the office of Vice-President, 7th District. John Brenton
was nominated unopposed. There being no opposition those nominated
were elected by acclamation.
Saturday morning talks were given by R. G. Soderstrum, President of
the Illinois State Federation of Labor and Mr. E. D. VanFosson, Repre-
sentative of the Federal Apprentice Training Service.
At this time Second General Vice-President Stevenson gave an address
in which he touched on many problems connected with the industry. He
also advised the Delegates of the feasibility of Apprentice Training and
the need for it.
Various committees reported and were discharged, resolutions being
acted on for the best interests of the Brotherhood.
The question of getting the Public "Good-House" minded was dis-
cussed with the instructions that the Executive Board look toward films
or some other sort of advertising wherein the prospective house builder or
purchaser could get knowledge of good and bad construction.
President Ottens called upon Second General Vice-President Steven-
son to install the Officers after which, in behalf of the Convention, he
presented President Ottens with a fine wrist watch, a token of merit and
appreciation for his service to the Council, this being his twentieth con-
secutive elective year.
o
Carpenters' Local 185 Honors Nine Senior Members
On Saturday night, October 27, 1945, Local Union 185 of St. Louis,
Missouri, put on a joyous all-around celebration and social meeting.
First part was to honor nine members with fifty or more years mem-
bership.
All these were continuous memberships, making them all the more
unusual and honorable. Each was awarded a beautiful gold pin, secured
from our General Office, also a gold-sealed leather encased card, certify-
ing the bearer as entitled to wear the pin.
Then followed a series of short speeches by officers from a number of
other Carpenter Locals in this District, as well as the District and State
Council. General President Wm. L. Hutcheson was asked to attend, but
was unable to do so. A former Seabee member spoke for service mem-
THE CARPENTER
bers. Local 185 had thirty-five members in the war and not one was
killed.
Next on the program was a dance with a fine orchestra in the Auditor-
ium of Carpenters' Hall, this lasting till after midnight. An elaborate floor
Seated, front row, left to right: Earl Meixsell, committee chairman; A.
A. Simson, 54 years membership ; John J. Halpin, 54 years membership;
Geo. A. Andrews, 55 years membership; R. O. Johnson, 56 years membership;
H. P. Hall, 56 years membership; H. Goecke, 56 years membership; G. H.
Miller, 60 years membership; Wm. E. Miller, 61 years membership. Not in
picture, E. H. Seibert, 55 years membership.
show was put on between dance numbers by some of the best entertainers
in the City, some being relatives or friends of members of the various
Carpenter Locals.
Several kinds of both drinks and eats were served. Thirty attendance
prizes were also given away.
Several hundred members and their wives, families and guests com-
prised the attendance. Many old friendships were renewed and new ones
made, and some are still talking about the big night.
Local 185 really feels lifted up over it and sincerely extends to all
other Unions the same spirit of good fellowship.
Local Union 246 Honors Its Veterans of World War I.
The Editor :
Twenty-six years have passed since the signing of the Armistice ter-
minating hostilities of World War I. Each year it has been the custom
of Local Union 246, New York, N. Y., to in some way honor those of its
THE CARPENTER 55
members who served in that war and to revere the memory of those who
have paid the supreme sacrifice.
Brother August Darmstadt, Financial Secretary, is the originator of
these Veterans' nights and has through the years planned some celebration
in their honor. Again this year he has come to the fore with a gala cele-
bration in our patriotically decorated meeting.
In opening the ceremonies the Star Spangled Banner was rendered
by the Metropolitan Quartette which during the evening sang several
favorites.
Speakers for the evening were Brother Sam Isard, A. F. of L. organ-
izer, and Brother Sam Sutherland, General Representative and past Presi-
dent of Local Union 246, both of whom delivered themselves nobly, and a
generous round of applause was given.
Mrs. Edward Reynal, a Nurses Aid of the American Red Cross, spoke
of the activities of the Red Cross during the war, what they are doing to-
day, and the planned activities for the future. Mrs. Reynal's address was
well received, and a donation of one hundred dollars was given to the
Red Cross.
Brother Darmstadt then read the Honor Roll of the veterans of World
War I. Of the thirty-five of our brothers who served in that war, six
have passed away from wounds or gas poisoning and fourteen are still
active in the Local Union. Those present for the occasion were : Otto
Barufka, Harry Goldenberg, George Henjes, Fred Newell, Edward De-
menaker, Carl Neilson, James Freely, Irving Rock and Harry Ziegler. It
was regularly moved that a donation of three months dues be given to
those still active in the Local.
The Honor Roll of the veterans of World AVar II containing ninety-
eight names of our brothers was read and those answering the call were
heartily welcomed. Those welcomed home were Carl Wellhoffer, John A.
Liotta, James Mahoney, Max Cobmand, John Muller, Nils Christenson
and Frank Zeller, Jr., a wearer of the Purple Heart.
President Dominick Mandaglio of Local Union 385 and the Commander
of Fordham Post, Veterans of Foreign Wars, spoke a few words and
wished the returned veterans well, and expressed the hope that all of our
brothers would be home soon.
Before adjourning for refreshments, a rising vote of thanks was given
to Brother Darmstadt for his sincere efforts in making this meeting the
success that it was.
Edward E. Stamm, Rec. Sec.
Topeka Members Honor Old Timer
In recognition of 50 years continuous membership and active service in
the Brotherhood, Local Union 1445 and Ladies Auxiliary, Topeka, Kansas,
entertained with a banquet at the Garfield Park Shelter House on Satur-
day, November 17. A large number of the members of the union and aux-
56 THE CARPENTER
iliary and their friends were present to pay honor to S. B. Weaver, Uncle
Sol, as he is known to organized labor in this part of the State.
In 1895, Sol secured his membership card and has maintained his mem-
bership continuously since that time. He has served his organization as
an official of the local union, having served in nearly every official posi-
tion. He served for many years as president of the Kansas State Council
of Carpenters and has attended several sessions of the International
organization at the conventions. In attending the meetings of the central
labor organizations, he became known to practically every AFL group in
the city and state and was looked to for counsel and advice for many
years. In 1935, the State Council of Carpenters by unanimous vote elected
him as President Emeritus in recognition for his long and faithful service
with the organization.
Ben Kinch, member of the Topeka Carpenters Union and president of
the State Council of Carpenters, acted as toastmaster, and introduced
Mayor Warren as the main speaker of the evening. Mayor Warren said
he was speaking as an old friend, having known Sol for many years, and
that the loyalty and sincerity of the honored guest was reflected in the
high standing of the organization which he had helped to establish, and
was pleased to extend greetings from the official city family. The Mayor
pointed out that the loyalty and efficiency of union officials of the Uncle
Sol type had resulted in Topeka being pointed to with pride as having
one of the outstanding union labor records.
Other speakers were Stanley Baker, city building inspector; Floyd
E. Black, secretary of the Kansas State Federation of Labor; A. W.
Campbell, secretary of the Topeka Federation of Labor and editor of the
Kansas Labor Weekly; Leslie V. Doud, publisher of of the Kansas Labor
Weekly; and Sam Swearingen, president of Carpenters Union 1445.
The Carpenters' Auxiliary presented Uncle Sol with a large birthday
cake, those present receiving a portion parceled out by him. The Carpen-
ters' Union presented him with a gift of $50, one dollar for each year of
service and a 50-year service badge.
The banquet was provided by the Ladies' Auxiliary and was one of
those bounteous feasts for which that group is noted. The party closed
with the auxiliary leading the guests in singing Old Lang Syne, and every-
one hoping that the 50 years service will be extended into many more
years.
»
GREATEST SPREE IN RACING HISTORY
They call it "the greatest financial spree in racing history." During the
last year, $1,306,514,314 have been bet on the ponies. The average spent
was $75.70 per person per racing day.
This is a most shocking revelation. Betting on horse races is one of the
worst phases of the gambling mania. More crimes have been committed
in the name of horse racing than almost any other sport.
And yet, even in wartime, any attempt at regulation met with failure.
We don't have to go very far to get the explanation : The race track crooks
make so much money they can put on their payrolls lobbyists whose "pull"
is irresistible.
Spokane Ladies Very Active
To Sister Auxiliaries, Greetings :
Auxiliary 207 of Local 98 of Spokane, Washington, has been so busy
during the war years there has been little time to write the accustomed
letter to THE CARPENTER.
For the past two years the ladies met each Wednesday, served a "pot-
luck" dinner and sewed. They sewed quilts for relief agencies and quilts
to sell for money to buy material for more quilts. In this, the Local was
of great help. They sewed afghans and pillows for hospitals, layettes and
garments for donations, etc.
Now as they take stock they find membership and finances in a run
down condition. Thanks to a vigorous Organization Committee and the
hearty cooperation of the President and Business Agent of the Local new
members are coming in at every meeting.
An equally vigorous Ways and Means Committee is working on the
income question. Bingo parties are planned. A hand made quilt was
sold in October. A bazaar is planned for December. Local 98 presented
a check for $25.00 as an appreciation for two of the members who made
the service flag of more than two hundred and fifty names.
As this is written they are eagerly anticipating the special social
night when "the men" have offered to serve while the ladies "just rest."
Any Auxiliary members visiting our little city are cordially invited to
contact any member and visit the meetings.
Stella Beebe, Reporter.
•
U. S. Cares for Million GI Babies
A million wives and infants of servicemen have been or are being cared
for under the emergency maternity and infant care program, the Chil-
dren's Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, announced recently.
Of these million cases, some 650,000 represent babies born; 250,000,
babies on their way ; and 100,000, sick infants. Doctor, hospital, and nurs-
ing bills for all of them have been or are being paid out of the $100,000,000
"stork fund" appropriated by Congress at various times during the two
and one-half years in which the program has been in operation.
Facts about the program, brought out in the Children's Bureau account-
ing, show that :
68 THE CARPENTER
The "stork bill," on the average, is something under $100 a
baby. However, when the mother was dangerously ill and needed
medical, hospital, and nursing care, bills have, in some instances,
run well over $1,000.
The cost of caring for a sick infant averages $65. Sometimes,
though, bills run much higher.
Nine out of ten women cared for under this program have
their babies in hospitals — "the safest place for a baby to be born."
In the population as a whole, seven births out of ten take place in
hospitals.
The mothers, by and large, are young. A high proportion are
having their first babies. A large number of servicemen's families
have had their second baby under the program: a few applications
for care for a third have been reported.
By far the largest lot of these newcomers were born in New
York and California, with Pennsylvania, Texas, and Illinois
claiming the next largest numbers. All of the States have a con-
siderable number, and even Alaska, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii,
make a showing. No residence requirement has to be met. The
care is given wherever the serviceman's wife or child happens to
be, and if a move is made, the case is transferred.
These babies represent many nationalities and races. Some of
the fathers are "nationals" of other countries, as for instance
Austrians serving in the American armed forces. Included, too,
are babies whose foreign-born mothers have married servicemen
overseas. Maternity bills are paid by Uncle Sam only for babies
born in this country, but babies brought here from overseas be-
come eligible for care throughout their first year.
Applications are still being received at the rate of 35,000 a month. A
considerable falling off in the number under Uncle Sam's care is expected
soon, the Children's Bureau states, but "the end is not yet." The program
will run until such date as Congress sets for its termination, and after
that care will be completed for all cases then authorized, not only for
the mother, throughout pregnancy and childbirth, but also the infant
throughout his first year of life.
Veterans' wives and infants can be cared for provided the wife became
pregnant while the serviceman was in one of the eligible grades, that is,
in one of the four lowest pay grades of the Army, Navy, Coast Guard,
and Marine Corps, or was an aviation cadet. Moreover, even if the wife
was not taken care of under the program, the baby can be cared for if it
can be established that the father was in one of the eligible grades during
the wife's pregnancy or the child's first year of life. In all cases the vet-
eran must have been honorably discharged.
The emergency maternity and infant care program is administered by
State health departments under plans approved by the Children's Bureau.
Applications can be obtained from the doctor providing the care or from
the local or State health department office. Inquiries should be addressed
to the State department of health.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 208
This is one of the most important les-
sons in this series, for it takes up saw
filing. Every carpenter, especially every
apprentice, should keep on trying to
improve his saw filing until he has
reached that point of perfection which
will give him a reputation of being a
Fig. 1
good saw filer. If the apprentice has not
made it a practice to keep his copies of
"The Carpenter" on file for future
reference, he should keep this copy, at
least, and study it until he is an expert
saw filer.
Fig. 1, a, gives a side view of nine
teeth of a cut-off saw, giving the shape
of the teeth. At b we show the same
teeth looking straight at the points, and
EfeE
S — fe ~
SriF ^^^ISM^yJ^sfergjAi
at c we have a cross section, showing
the set of the teeth. (These illustra-
tions about saw teeth and saw filing are
all somewhat exaggerated).
Fig. 2, A, shows nine rip-saw teeth
from the side. At B the same teeth are
shown looking at the points, while at
C we have a cross section of the teeth
showing the set.
Fig. 3, to the left, shows a cross sec-
tion of a saw blade held in a clamp. At
the top we show a cross section of a
flat file in position for jointing the
teeth, which is held by two symbolic
hands. The same file is shown, in part,
to the right applied to saw teeth that
are to be jointed. The symbolic hands
in these two drawings show how to
hold the file when jointing a saw.
We are aware that many carpenters
fasten the file in a frame with a saw
kerf, which keeps the file at a right
angle to the blade of the saw, but we
have never owned such a device. We
believe that jointing saws as well as fil-
ing saws should not have too many
mechanical aids. The whole process of
filing saws should be learned much on
Fig
the order of a child learning to walk.
At first the child will not be sure of his
steps — he will fall, stumble along and
make all kinds of peculiar movements,
but all the while he will be learning to
walk, and when he has once learned to
walk he will do it with remarkable
grace. Of course the child is aided in
learning to walk by his parents and
others, but such helps are put aside by
the child of his own free will when he
once knows how to walk. In much the
same way the apprentice should learn
how to file a saw, and when he knows
how to file a saw without mechanical
€0
THE CARPENTER
means to aid him, lie will never want to
use them.
Fig. 4, a, shows five enlarged teeth
of a cut-off saw. These teeth have been
jointed and set, ready for filing. Num-
bers 1, 3 and 5 ?i not show the bevels
but numbers 2 and 4 do. At b the same
Fig. 4
teeth are shown looking straight at the
points. The little white triangles should
be noticed, which are made by jointing.
And when the saw is placed in the
clamp for filing the light should strike
these triangles in such a way that they
will reflect the rays of light to the saw
filer's eyes. In this way he will know
all the time just how much more filing
he will have to do to bring the tooth to
a point, but only to a point — no more.
Sometimes when the little white spot is
almost eliminated it will require only a
part of a stroke with the file to obscure
it. The saw filer should practice this
method of filing until he knows instinc-
tively just how much to file away and
from what edge of the tooth, in order
to keep all of the teeth uniform in size.
At d is shown what we mean by teeth
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
CARPENTRY, — Has over 300 pages, more than 750
illustrations, covering carpentry from staking out to
fitting and hanging doors. Price, $2.
BUILDING. — 1/iis book has 210 pages and 495
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and other subjects, Price $2.
QUICK CONSTRUCTION,— This book covers
hundreds of practical building problems, has 252 pages
and 670 illustrations. Price $2. (Carpentry, Building
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Books will be autographed.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT,— Poetry, 64 pages, brown
cloth binding and two-color title page. Only $1.
Postage prepaid when money accompanies the ordei.
Order
222 So. Const. St.
today. H« H« SIEGELE EmpoHa, Kansas
FRE E — Any customer who buys or has bought 3
books in one or in different orders is entitled to a
copy of TWIGS OF THOUGHT free. Give date after
autograph in books previously bought.
having a uniform size — of course, the
points must be in perfect alignment,
and they will, if the work is painstak-
ingly done. What we have just said
about filing cut-off saws will apply to
filing rip saws.
Fig. 5 shows two cross-section views
of a hand-made saw clamp. At A the
clamp is shown ready to receive the
saw blade, while at B we show it with
the saw blade held in the clamp. Fig.
6 shows a face view of the same clamp.
The two figures should be compared and
studied. The spreader-board at the bot-
tom should be noticed, which has a foot
pedal, by means of which the clamp is
tightened or loosened. The strap loop
and hinge, which are pointed out on
the drawings, should not be overlooked.
Enough other details and figures are
shown on the drawings so that anyone,
who wants to, can make such a clamp —
and improve on it, if he can.
Fig. 7 shows a top view of the same
clamp with a saw in the jaws ready for
filing. Here the handle is shown to the
left, and the file is shown in position
for filing to the right, which means that
THE CARPENTER
61
the filing is started at the point of the
saw and continued in the direction of
the arrows. The criss-cross marlw that
are shown on the table, are used by
some saw filers in order to keep the
bevel of the teeth uniform. Such marks,
if they are needed, can be made on card-
board and fastened to the table with
Fig. 6
thumb tacks, or they can be made on
the table itself in the form of pencil
marks or saw kerf. In this figure the
filing is done at an angle of 60 degrees
— some saw filers hold the file at a 45-
degree angle; however, most of the cut-
off saw filing is done at some angle
coming between those two extremes.
Fig. 8 shows the same saw clamp,
but the saw is fastened in reverse order.
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Here the filing is started at the left, or
the point of the saw, and carried in the
direction of the arrows, which is toward
the handle. The file shown to the left
is in a 45-degree position, which is
Fig. 8
sometimes used for filing saws. At the
center the file is shown at practically a
right angle to the blade, and is the right
position for filing rip saws. To the bot-
tom, right, we show a cross section of
the clamp holding a saw and the posi-
tion of the file, which is in a level, or
horizontal position. This is the right
position for filing both cut-off saws and
rip saws, so far as the horizontal posi-
tion is concerned.
For speed and efficiency, use a MallSaw from start to finish
on every carpentry job. It can be used for cross-cutting,
ripping and bevel cutting to 45 degrees on single and mul-
tiple units. Also operates an abrasive wheel for cutting non-
ferrous metal, cutting and scoring tile, stone and concrete.
Model 80 has 8" blade and 2'/2" cutting capacity; Model
128 has 12" blade and 4'/2" capacity. Both saws are avail-
able in two models for 110-volt AC-DC or 220-volt AC-DC.
MALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago Ave., Chicago, 19, III.
25 years of "Better Tools for Better Work".
mmm^fi/
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THEY HAVE'
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on the steel square, Starting Key, also
new Radial Saw Chart. Blue print shows
how to find length of any rafter and
make its cuts, find any angle in degrees,
frame any polygon 3 to 16 sides and cut
its mitres, read board foot and brace
tables, octagon scale, rafter tables and
much other valuable information. Can be
scaled down for model work as well as full
scale framing. Radial Saw Chart changes pitch-
es and cuts into degrees and minutes. Every
carpenter should have these charts. Complete
set for 50c coin or M.O.— no stamps or checks.
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(105 No. Burdlek St., Dept. C-5 Kalamazoo 81, Mich.
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This label stands for a wage
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the mechanical training and edu-
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Be sure to see that it appears
on all store and bar fixtures, trim,
cigar boxes and beer bottle cases
and on all wood products.
— ORGANIZE —
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Cuts, cross-sections and shapes to 'j
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123456789 10 11 12
I CITY STATE
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UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
::':--':-K^-'::v:- '
IP-
FEBRUARY 1946
Think It Over
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State Occupation
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Established In 1881
Vol. LXVI— No. 2
INDIANAPOLIS, FEBRUARY, 1946
One Dollar Per Tear
Ten Centa a Copy
— Contents —
Inflation Danger Grows
OPA director points out in no uncertain terms the need for continuing price control-
something manufacturers have been desperately trying to dump.
Program for Veterans
- - - - - 11
Matty Woll outlines the comprehensive program the AFL has adopted for the benefit of
returned soldiers; a program that goes far beyond what the government has done in
many instances.
Consistency They Know Not
18
Some newspapers scream to high heaven when anything threatens their recognized right
to print any opinion they see fit. However, when it comes to a group of workers ex-
pressing their opinions in a free and unrestricted manner they immediately set up a
howl.
Plywood Looks Ahead
23
Plywood emerges from the war a time-tested product which faces a great future.
Which Way America?
36
Is it to be free collective bargaining for American labor or government boards and red
tape creating confusion, unrest and eventual chaos?
OTBER DEPARTMENTS:
Plane Gossip
Editorials -
Official -
In Memoriani
Heroes of our Brotherhood
Correspondence -
To the Ladies
Craft Problems -
.
•
16
-
•
32
.
.
44
-
■
48
-
>
49
.
■
50
-
•
53
.
•
57
Index to Advertisers
64
■ntered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
In Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
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Pressure of businessmen's groups for junking
of price controls threatens runaway prices
Inflation Danger Grows
Speech by OPA Administrator Chester Bowles before the National Association of Manufacturers
• * *
THE WHOLE country is deeply concerned in the program of in-
flation control about which you have asked me to speak today.
Businessmen are concerned. Farmers are concerned. The work-
ers in our factories are concerned. And so are the great mass of our people
which cannot readily be fitted into any group.
There are many audiences before which I appear where the support
of our program is heartfelt and vigorous. Last night I spoke before sev-
eral hundred businessmen at a dinner given by the Business Council. Next
week I will appear at the annual dinner of the Ohio Grange, an organiza-
tion representing thousands of •
farmers which has also pledged its before a Congressional Committee
all out support to the OPA's price that firm controls on prices were an
control program. absolute essential to meet the infla-
Here in this meeting of the NAM tionary circumstances created by
I am face to face with a group war- In many respects his recom-
whose leaders have gone on record mendations went beyond the actual
during the last 18 months in vigor- program^ which your Government
ous opposition to what we have has Put into effect,
done and what we are now doing. I am told that Mr. Sargent's testi-
Only the leaders of the National mony was a major factor in secur-
Retail Dry Goods Association and ing" the passage of the original
the leaders of the Association of Price Control Act.
Real Estate Boards have equalled But more recently your position
the vigor with which the National has changed. To some degree in
Manufacturers' Association heads 1943, and increasingly in 1944 and
are opposing the stabilization con- 194$, you have swung into sharp
trol program through which infla- opposition to effective price con-
tion thus far has been kept in trol.
Obviously, today we are in dis-
I must point out that this opposi- agreement. Obviously, we cannot
tion to effective price control is a both be right. One of us must be
departure from the original NAM wrong.
stand when wartime price controls Let me emphasize my own feel-
were first proposed. ing of deep humility with which t
In 1941 when price and rent con- approach the problems which con-
trol legislation was under discus- front us. I have been wrong on
sion, the stand of the NAM was occasion in the past and like most
clear cut. Mr. Noel Sargent, who human beings I shall probably be
was then your secretary, testified wrong on occasion in the future. I
THE CARPENTER
do not want to appear dogmatic or,
above all, I do not want to create
the impression that I think I have
all the answers. -
In that spirit I should like to
analyze the stand of your Associa-
tion on this question of price and
rent control. At the outset I believe
it is a proper question to ask what
would have happened if the Nation
had followed the advice of the
NAM leaders in 1944 and 1945.
Before Congress eighteen months
ago and again last spring NAM
officials advocated amendments to
the Act which, in my opinion,
would have made effective control
absolutely impossible.
But for the sake of clarifying
the point, let's accept the view of
those who claimed that these
changes would have increased prices
only 10 per cent each year. Even
though we accept this viewpoint,
the result would have been a 30
billion dollar increase in the cost
of fighting the war — a sum only 2
billion less than the cost of the
entire World War I. At the same
time, Mr. and Mrs. Long-suffering
American Consumer would have
found $36 billion dollars added to
their cost of living. In other words,
even relying on the most optimistic
estimates put forward by the pro-
ponents of the NAM sponsored
amendments, the Nation has already
saved 66 billion dollars by not tak-
ing your leaders' advice.
But those figures are, in my opin-
ion, only a portion of what your
official proposal would have actu-
ally cost our Nation.
Those of us who have been en-
trusted with the task of wartime
price control have long recognized
the fact that controlled inflation is
an idle dream. One man's price
may be the cost of a thousand other
firms.
There is no organization big
enough or smart enough or efficient
enough to handle the vast deluge of
price adjustments which would re-
sult from any such concept. There
could be only one result and that is
higher and still higher prices each
feeding on itself with the begin-
ning of an inflationary spiral which
would soon be out of control.
As I analyze the NAM's position
on price control, it seems clear that
the opposition of your leaders
stems from a conviction that these
controls tend to hold down produc-
tion. Certainly there was no indica-
tion of this during the war years.
This is perfectly clear from the
record.
Both industrial and farm produc-
tion during the year of effective
price control have risen to record
levels. They have gone far beyond
even our most ardent hopes. Ameri-
can management and American la-
bor in their all out war effort have
hurried the day of victory and have
amazed our enemies as well as our
allies.
Today it is generally recognized
that inflationary pressures are at
record levels. Liquid assets are at
an all time high. Savings have in-
creased from pre-war levels by 145
billions of dollars. Currency in cir-
culation is almost five times as
great as before the war.
The stock market has been boom-
ing merrily upward. As in 1929 taxi
drivers, barbers, and elevator boys
are providing inside information on
just what selections are apt to rise
the fastest. The dope sheets com-
ing from Wall Street anticipate
higher and still higher prices. The
real estate market is starting to
skyrocket.
THE CARPENTER
What, under such circumstances,
would happen to prices if the Na-
tion now accepted the advice which
Mr. Robert R. Wason, Chairman of
the NAM Reconversion Council
and Mr. John Airey, Chairman of
the NAM War Controls Termina-
tion Committee offered to Congress
on November 7. This NAM recom-
mendation called for the elimina-
tion of all price controls by the
fifteenth day of February. What,
for instance, would happen to food
prices?
Those of you who are in the
candy business know that coconut,
which OPA decontrolled some
thirty days ago, has quadrupled in
price. Many grades of furs, from
which price controls were removed
during the Fall months, have more
than doubled. Your wife will tell
you that some grades of oranges,
lemons, and grapefruit moved up 50
to 100% in the first few days fol-
lowing the action of OPA in re-
moving the price restrictions.
If this occurred on food products
which seemed to be in adequate
supply, what would happen to
meat, vegetables, milk, cereals, and
all the other dozens of food prod-
ucts which are in more scarce
supply?
If the Nation accepted the advice
of your leaders to drop price con-
trol 60 days from now, what would
happen to clothing prices? Right
now the apparel situation is tighter
than it has been since the beginning
of the war.
Our veterans in search of their
first outfit of "civvies" are forced
to walk from store to store and
even then often fail to secure the
clothing to fit their needs. All au-
thorities agree that this shortage is
likely to continue for a great many
months to come.
If we accepted your official rec-
ommendation of the early removal
of all price control, what would
the public be asked to pay for auto-
mobiles, refrigerators, washing ma-
chines and vacuum cleaners? Some
say that competition would take
care of all that. I can only say that
this expectance is not in line with
the facts.
The original requests of OPA by
reconverting manufacturers were
for price increases ranging from
25 per cent to 55 per cent. On Octo-
ber 26 and 27 orders were taken for
300,000 Ford cars, one-third of the
entire 1941 production — with no
questions asked on prices or trade-
ins.
If the Nation accepted the official
NAM recommendation, what would
happen to the price of building ma-
terials? During the period of the
first World War, the cost of lum-
ber, soil pipe, brick, and other
essential building materials tripled.
Today the housing shortage is infi-
nitely greater. Under the best of
circumstances I am told that only
500,000 homes can be built in 1946.
This will be meager relief to the
3,401,000 families, a major portion
of them young married veterans,
who will be forced to live with
relatives, or otherwise double up
during the coming year. If we re-
moved price controls, is there any
limit to the heights to which build-
ing materials would move in 1946?
Certainly not judging from what
occurred 25 years ago.
If we accepted the official advice
of the NAM what would happen to
rents? We could not remove price
controls without removing rent
controls. We know that in the pe-
riod of the last war 90 per cent of
the entire increase in rents occurred
not during the war itself but after
8
THE CARPENTER
the Armistice. In view of the crit-
ical housing- shortage, could we ex-
pect any greater restraint on the
part of our landlords today?
Finally if we accepted the advice
of your leaders what would happen
to wages? Today most of you gen-
tlemen feel that the demands of
the labor groups are excessive. If
controls were ripped off as you pro-
pose, if rents were allowed to shoot
upward, if food and apparel prices
were allowed to boom, labor would
very properly intensify its de-
mands for higher and still higher
pay checks.
History has proven that in a race
between prices and wages, prices
invariably go up faster. Under such
circumstances, however, our work-
ers would have but one defense,
and that would be to get what they
could as fast as they could get it in
the hope of keeping their incomes
within speaking distance of the ris-
ing cost of living.
Organized labor could at least
make an effort to keep its earnings
in line with increasing living costs.
But how about the millions of
workers, farmers, and people living
on fixed incomes who have no
strong unions to protect them?
What would happen to them as
prices and rents shot upwards?
Finally, how about the business-
men if the Nation accepted the offi-
cial advice of the NAM ? Prices that
skyrocket invariably collapse. How
would our businessmen, particular-
ly our small businessmen, fare as
inventories were thrown on the
market for any price they would
buy and as the inevitable drop in
purchasing power dried up their
sales?
We had 106,000 bankruptcies fol-
lowing the collapse after the infla-
tionary rise in 1919 and 1920. If
we ripped off our inflation controls
today, could we expect anything
less in 1947.
Your leaders say they fear in-
flation as much as I do. They agree
with me that production, produc-
tion, and still more production is
the only final cure for the inflation-
ary danger.
But it is their claim that price
control interferes with production,
and that if price controls were re-
moved the whole situation would
take care of itself. The record has
proven them emphatically wrong
in the past. The record indicates
that their claim is equally wrong
today.
Last week the President's report
stated reconversion has been
achieved at record speed. Manu-
facturers of automobiles, washing
machines, electric refrigerators,
and other reconversion products,
reporting to the Civilian Produc-
tion Administration estimated their
volume of sales by June 1946 at
from 75 per cent to 300 per cent
above 1939 levels — ^all under OPA
price controls.
Retail sales today, again under
the very price controls which your
leaders claim make all-out produc-
tion impossible, are breaking every
record.
Admittedly, price control has
never been painless. Admittedly, it
can never be painless. Obviously,
there have been some delays, some
fumbling, some outright mistakes.
Everyday we are moving to correct
these mistakes and to eliminate
hardship to the fullest extent of our
ability.
Business is restless. Business has
had it full of wartime regimenta-
tion and red tape. Very properly,
business is anxious to get back to a
THE CARPENTER
free economy with Government in-
terference reduced to a minimum.
Believe me, there is no one in
America as anxious to get rid of
price controls as I. I cordially dis-
like the job I have. I would like
nothing- better than to drop it to-
morrow.
Price control should and must be
removed as rapidly as supply con-
ditions permit. Barring- continued
labor management difficulties, the
production estimates for 1946 indi-
cate that in industry after industry
during the next 12 months, we will
find supply and demand coming
into balance. As that occurs, I as-
sure you that your Government will
move promptly to eliminate the last
vestige of price restrictions in
those industries. But to remove
them before competitive conditions
are again established is to invite
inflationary chaos.
Gentlemen, the recommendation
of your leaders for the removal of
price control in 60 days is reckless
in the extreme. Just how high
prices would go I do not know. But
at the best, it is a risky, reckless,
gambling policy which in all like-
lihood would produce a national di-
saster.
The everyday people of America
are looking forward eagerly to
good jobs, steady jobs at higher
wages — to a high sustained level of
farm income — to good profits for
our our businessmen — to the devel-
opment of a land of peace and
abundance where every man may
raise his family in an atmosphere
of economic security and with
steadily increasing standards of
living.
Today the entire country, with
very few exceptions, believes that
our capitalistic free enterprise sys-
tem continues to be our best hope
of achieving this future. But we
must face the fact that this deep
seated confidence and belief in our
free enterprise system is largely
confined to America. In practically
every European country, capital-
ism has ceased to be even a source
of controversy. In country after
country we find the left wingers
advocating communism while the
right wingers advocate various
forms of a socialistic state.
I have great faith in our ability
to make our free enterprise system
work here in America. But would
this system, in spite of its great
achievements, and its deep seated
roots in the traditions and think-
ing of our country, survive the bit-
ter disillusionment which would
surely develop if the inflationary
forces are allowed to take hold?
Frankly, gentlemen, I am very
skeptical.
Let's make no mistake about it.
The everyday people in this coun-
try are wholeheartedly behind this
program of inflation" control. Our
farmers are behind it. Our work-
ers are behind it. The consuming
public is behind it. And tens of
thousands of businessmen, large
and small, many of them members
of the NAM, are also behind it.
The urge to strip off price con-
trols now (or, let us say on Febru-
ary 15th), and to let the devil take
the hindmost, comes with relatively
few exceptions from business and
business association leaders. As I
have pointed out the leaders of the
NAM have long been among the
most outspoken.
The dizzy inflation which could
so readily develop in the absence
of OPA controls on prices and
rents would, I repeat, not be ac-
cepted lying down by the great
masses of our people. It is for this
10
THE CARPENTER
reason that I firmly believe that
the stand which your leaders have
taken represents a most dangerous
threat to the future health and suc-
cess of our entire free enterprise
system.
Gentlemen, I might have come to
you today and made a pleasant easy
speech about the inflationary dang-
ers and our efforts to combat them.
But such a speech would have fail-
ed dismally to meet the basic issue.
These are critical times and I be-
lieve we are all entitled to frank
statements and blunt opinions.
Your leaders are on record in favor
of a course of action which I be-
lieve to be utterly foolhardy and
dangerous. I would have failed to
meet my public responsibilities if
I did not state to you my own
sharp disagreement with them.
Let me emphasize that I accept
the great sincerity and patriotism
with which Mr. Mosher, and other
leaders of your organization, have
stated their views. I hope you will
accept with equal readiness the sin-
cerity with which I have tried to
state the facts as I see them.
Let me take this occasion to ask
your organization to re-examine its
position. You supported price con-
trol in 1941. If you will but look
at the facts of the present inflation-
ary situation, it seems to me you
must support price control now.
In spite of whatever disagree-
ment there may be between some of
us, let us never forget that we are
all working wholeheartedly and
humbly for the same goal — a coun-
try of peace, abundance, and pros-
perity— for all of our people of all
races, of all groups — whoever they
may be, wherever they may live.
Death Removes Nationally Known Labor Official
The labor movement lost one of its best known and widely respected
officials when death on Thursday, January 17, laid a chilling hand on John
M. Gillespie, secretary-treasurer of the International Teamsters Union.
Mr. Gillespie died in an Indianapolis hospital following a serious opera-
tion.
It was in Boston around the turn of the century that John M. Gillespie
and Daniel Tobin, incumbent president of the Teamsters International,
first entered the labor movement. They worked their way up from the
ranks together and much of the credit for the progress and growth of the
organization goes to their combined efforts. In 1903, John Gillespie
served as president of the Boston local. He held the office until 1907, at
which time he became the first general organizer of the Teamsters follow-
ing Tobin's elevation to the presidency of the organization. He served
in that capacity until 1925 when he was made assistant to the president.
For sixteen years he filled that office in a very capable manner. Then in
1941 he was elevated to the office of secretary-treasurer.
In the years that he served the labor movement, John M. Gillespie made
a host of friends. He attended all AFL conventions for many years and
became known to labor leaders from coast to coast. His quiet manner and
soft spoken ways endeared him to virtually all he met.
Last rites and burial were held in Boston on Tuesday, January 15.
Survivors are a daughter, Mrs. Ethel Abbott of Andover, Mass., and a son,
George, a member of the Boston police force.
11
Program for Veterans
By MATTHEW AVOLL,
Chairman, A. F. of L. Veterans Committee
MONTHS AGO the American Federation of Labor, through its
President William Green, called upon its 900 central labor bod-
ies throughout the United States to set up special veterans' com-
mittees. These A. F. of L. veterans', committees are in a position to help
the returning serviceman find suitable employment. They can give him
information about employment possibilities for the future in the trades
organized by the A. F. of L. They can also tell him about apprenticeship
training courses and about the skill requirements in the higher skilled
trades.
The A. F. of L. veterans' committees in the cities and towns of the na-
tion were instructed to become familiar with all of the legislation for
veterans, including the G. I. Bill
of Rights, the Selective Service Act,
Public Law 16 and other legislation.
They were also asked to learn about
the facilities for veterans in their
community and to render assistance
to community organizations in the
planning for veterans. The veteran
who was an A. F. of L. member be-
fore he entered the service will un-
doubtedly find that his own local
union has a veterans' committee
which can help him obtain the bene-
fits to which he is entitled.
Recognizing that only full em-
ployment can guarantee security
for all, the A. F. of L. is committed
to support legislation which will
help to bring about this full em-
ployment. Our economic system
should be operating at capacity,
so that there are always job oppor-
tunities for every man and woman
able and willing to work.
There is only one way in which
we can even begin to fulfill our
obligation to those who risked
their lives in our defense. That is
to make real their hope for full em-
ployment. We learned during the
war that this can be done. The
lessons of tremendously expanded
production facilities and highest-
level employment learned in the
war must be carried into the peace.
Preference for veterans in govern-
ment and private employment has
been generally promoted and, to a
large extent, written into law. Pref-
erence, however, is a device for di-
viding up a scarcity of jobs.
If lack of full employment
should result in taking jobs away
from civilians in order to*give them
to veterans, who will suffer from
it? If we have widespread unem-
ployment, and most of the avail-
able jobs are held by veterans, who
will be unemployed but the parents,
the brothers, the sisters and the
wives of veterans? In a time of
job scarcity, the veterans will have
job preference, but he will also have
12
THE CARPENTER
the b u r d e n of supporting those
whom he has displaced, either di-
rectly or indirectly, through taxes.
In such a time, the veteran's job
is legally protected for only twelve
short months under the Selective
Service Act. Hosts of unemployed
workers, including other veterans,
would be willing to do his job for
lower wages. People without jobs
would not have money enough to
buy the products of the veteran's la-
bor. Declining markets would lead
to a declining number of jobs and
we would have a depression.
We can do much more for our
veterans by talking less about pref-
erence and by undertaking, seri-
ously, to work out a program to
achieve full employment for all —
veteran and non-veteran alike.
To make this goal a reality the
American people — labor, business,
agriculture and government — must
pull together as a team as never
before in our history.
Today most employers recognize
employes' rights to organize in un-
ions free from employer domina-
tion and to negotiate on working
conditions through collective bar-
gaining. A contract, the result of
these negotiations between the em-
ployer and the union, specifies
rates of pay, hours and working
conditions for employes. This un-
ion contract has the same standing
in the courts as any other legal
contract.
The benefits derived from union
contracts are attested to by some
14,000,000 members of organized
labor today. In addition, unions
more and more are concerning
themselves with out-of-plant prob-
lems of their members and are
showing them how to obtain the
health and welfare services they
need.
One of the greatest contributions
of organized labor in the United
States has been the establishment
of the seniority system. Seniority
rests upon the premise that time
spent on a job represents an invest-
ment by the worker, entitling him
to a return in the form of certain
rights. This investment has been
recognized by the courts as a prop-
erty right.
To require a worker to surrender
this seniority right on behalf of
anyone else is to take property
from one person to give to another.
Such a requirement is equivalent to
taxing one section of the population
to pay a debt owed by the nation as
a whole.
The labor movement recognizes
that time spent in the armed forces
is lost opportunity for the veteran.
Had he not been busy fighting our
enemies, he would have been able
to acquire property in the form of
seniority. Labor has accepted the
principle that the veteran should
receive full seniority credit for
time spent in service. It was on
the suggestion of labor that a- provi-
sion was written into the Selective
Service Act which gives veterans
"the same rights -that they would
have had if they had remained in
industry."
Contrast this provision with the
situation of a returning veteran
who had sacrificed his own small
business, such as a grocery, a radio
store or a gasoline station, or who
was forced to give up a professional
practice, legal, dental or medical.
It should be clearly understood
that the seniority system was built
up by workers and for workers.
The returning veteran who works
for an employer has as vital an
interest in preserving that system
as any civilian worker. Seniority
THE CARPENTER
will protect the veteran's invest-
ment in his job against discrimina-
tory action by his employer long-
after his one-year protection under
the Selective Service Act has ex-
pired.
Under the Selective Service Act
a veteran entitled to reemployment
may not be discharged from his
restored position "without cause
within one year after such restora-
tion." The Selective Service Sys-
tem goes on to state, "what is 'cause'
for dismissal in any case must be
determined by the facts and circum-
stances in each case." In the broad-
est terms, this means that a veteran
is protected for a. period of only
one year under the Selective Serv-
ice Act, provided, of course, he
was not classified as a "temporary
employe" under this act.
Let us compare this with the pro-
tection afforded by the seniority
system. Under seniority, an em-
ploye enjoys life-long protection.
Organized labor recognizes the
seniority principle as basic to em-
ployment security and protection
against discrimination by employ-
ers. The seniority system is an
American system, built up over the
last ioo years by members of or-
ganized labor, who are convinced
that this system guarantees the
greatest protection based on the
fairest method for all.
The A. F. of L. Executive Coun-
cil and the 1944 convention recom-
mended that all national and inter-
national unions affiliated with the
American Federation of Labor
waive initiation and reinstatement
fees for veterans. Many A. F. of
L. unions have already waived ini-
tiation fees for veterans who were
not previously members of their
union and most A. F. of L. unions
have waived reinstatement fees for
veterans who previously were mem-
bers of the union. However, some
of the international and national
unions have insurance and sickness
and health benefits funds, part of
which are paid for through initia-
tion fees. State insurance laws for-
bid participation of newcomers in
such funds without pro rata pay-
ments as a protection of the equity
of those already covered by these
benefits. Such unions are, there-
fore, unable to waive this payment.
The A. F. of L. and the unions
affiliated with it took steps to pro-
tect the seniority and job security
of their 1,500,000 members in the
armed forces. They were exempt-
ed from paying dues while in
service. The unions protected their
insurance and health benefits, and
paid full death benefits on members
who gave their lives while in uni-
form.
The disabled veteran whose em-
ployment opportunities are limited
by his service-incurred injury has
a special seniorty problem. While
the Selective Service Act affords
the disabled veteran no employment
rights if he is not physically fit to
resume his former job, labor has
tackled this problem vigorously.
The A. F. of L. asks that such a
veteran shall be given another job
which he is able to perform at the
prevailing wages for that job. Un-
ions affiliated with the A. F. of L.
are seeking agreements from em-
ployers which permit disabled vet-
erans to apply their seniority on a
plantwide basis.
During the war, employers came
to recognize that not only was there
no disadvantage in employing
handicapped persons but frequently
there were good financial reasons
for doing so. In many industrial
plants physically handicapped work-
14
THE CARPENTER
ers proved themselves capable of
handling certain types of jobs fully
as well as non-handicapped work-
ers. Blind workers, for example,
can perform certain tasks even
more efficiently than those who can
see. The lessons learned during the
war must not be forgotten, but must
be brought home to those employ-
ers who have not had an oppor-
tunity to learn them by personal
experience.
Financial barriers to the employ-
ment of disabled veterans must be
removed. Employers must be re-
lieved of the increased workmen's
compensation premiums charged
when disabled workers are employ-
ed. To do this, it will be necessary
to replace private workmen's com-
pensation insurance companies with
state funds and to establish ade-
quate second-injury funds under
all.
Disabled workers must not be
forced to accept different wage
scales from those of non-handi-
capped workers. A government-
paid disability allowance is not a
subsidy and should not be figured
in the wage received by such a han-
dicapped veteran. The handicapped
worker can be as efficient as non-
handicapped co-workers and must
receive the same wages as other
workers holding similar jobs.
The A. F. of L. recognizes the
above principles and will do every-
thing in its power to assure the
handicapped veteran of a suitable
job, good working conditions and
the same wage scale as non-handi-
capped workers.
In highly skilled trades organ-
ized by the A. F. of L., a specified
period of apprenticeship training is
required before a worker is ac-
knowledged to be a skilled crafts-
man at his trade. This period of
apprenticeship depends upon the
trade and will vary from six months
to six years. These highly skilled
crafts are taking in many veterans
as apprentices and have arranged
for apprenticeship training courses.
The ex-serviceman desiring appren-
ticeship training should get in
touch with the union in the particu-
lar craft in which he is interested.
Some of the unions that require ap-
prenticeship training have already
arranged to give members who were
apprentices before induction credit
on their apprenticeship training
equal to their period of service in
the armed forces. Most of the un-
ions are giving preference to re-
turning veterans who desire to be-
come apprentice members of their
unions.
Public Law 16, passed by the 78th
Congress, provided for vocational
rehabilitation. One of the provi-
sions stated :
"No course of training in excess
of a period of four years shall be
approved, nor shall any training
under this part be afforded beyond
six years after termination of the
present war."
This clause would have prevent-
ed a veteran from obtaining vo-
cational rehabilitation in any trade
which requires apprenticeship
training of more than four years.
It would have also hampered his
training for a profession, such as
medicine, which requires a longer
period of education and training
than the four years mentioned in
this law.
Consequently, the A. F. of L.
recommended that this provision be
changed and the four-year limita-
tion removed. It is believed that
it is entirely to the benefit of the
veteran that this restriction be
eliminated.
THE CARPENTER
15
Mutual understanding between
civilians and veterans is essential
to the future welfare of America.
Labor is proud — very proud- — of
its contributions to the cause of
victory, yet all of us recognize that
the greatest sacrifices and the great-
est responsibilities inevitably fell
upon the millions of Americans in
uniform who did the actual fight-
ing.
We must make every possible ef-
fort to provide for the economic
and social security of our fighting
men and women now returning
home to resume civilian life.
The least America can do is to
assure a good job and decent pay
to every demobilized serviceman or
woman, so that he or she can get a
new start in life and make up for
lost time. This is a goal toward
which labor, industry and the vet-
erans' organizations can and must
work closely together, along with
the government.
The voice of the A. F. of L. will
be heard in behalf of the veteran
in support of constructive social
legislation. We want to secure the
enactment of legislation for these
men and women that will provide
adequate security, that will pro-
vide protection for them and their
families, and that will prevent the
recurrence of the unfortunate
events following World War I.
World War II was a total war.
We want a total peace, a peace of
justice and security for all. To-
gether, America's fighting men and
workers won the war. Together,
we will and must win the peace —
a united people respecting one an-
other's rights and working together
to protect, safeguard and further
the enjoyment of a free democracy.
Oldest Union Marks 131st Birthday
Columbia Typographical Union No. ioi, Washington, D. C, oldest
labor organization in continuous existence in the United States, marked
its 131st anniversary January 7.
The union, which began its life in 1815 around a nucleus of 19 printers
gathered at a private home in Washington was first called the Columbia
Typographical Society. In 1867 it assumed its present name and became
affiliated with the National Typographical Union, which later became
the International Typographical Union.
The wage scale for earliest union printers was $9 for a week of 84
hours. In 1850 the union scale rose to $12 weekly and the work week
dropped to 70 hours.
Today the minimum wage for newspaper printers doing day work is
$64 for a 35-hour week. The night shift pays $69 minimum and the
"lobster" shift, which begins after 11 p.m., pays $74 weekly. The scale
for printers employed in commercial establishments is somewhat lower.
COMPARISON TELLS THE STORY
An economic study now circulating in Washington compares the living
standards of average wage earners in leading nations.
On this comparative basis, Russia is where the United States was in
1790; Italy is about the U. S. of 1812; Germany matches us at i860, and
England enjoys the living standard of the U. S. of 1870.
SIP
SOMETHING TO REMEMBER
As this is being written, Congress is
about to take up debate on a four and
a balf billion dollar reconstruction loan
to England. Other countries devastated
by the war are also sending emisaries to
Washington to negotiate for vast hand-
outs.
What should be done about these re-
quests for financial assistance is too
deep for us. After the last war we lost
our shirts on deals like these. On the
other hand, the devastated countries
have to be rehabilitated if there is to
be any prosperity in the world.
About all we can think of in this
connection is the farmer who wrote the
mail order house. "Please send me one
of the gasoline engines avertised on
Page 714," he wrote, "and if it is any
good I will send you a check." Very
promptly the following reply was re-
ceived:
"Send us the check, and if it is any
good we will send you the engine."
• • •
POEM OF THE MONTH
Oh, what a crazy world we made —
It's wonders never cease —
While the civilized are locked in war
The savages live in peace.
Could we help it if there just ain't no
boats to christen?
SIX OP ONE
The new income tax schedule is now
in effect. Supposedly we workers are
getting some tax relief. Judging from
our first 19 46 pay check, the relief is a
little on the negligible side.
DANGEROUS BUSINESS
Representatives of Big Business are
continuing to agitate with all their
might for abolition of all price controls.
Competition will prevent profiteering,
they insist. However, experience shows
that such reasoning is unreliable. Citrus
fruits this year became rather plentiful.
Price controls were lifted and prices im-
mediately skyrocketed; as high as 80%
in some instances. If comparatively
plentiful products practically double in
price overnight when controls are lift-
ed, what would happen to really scarce
items with no price ceilings?
If we lift all price controls now it
seems to us we will be placing ourselves
in about the same position as the Geo-
gia youth who wrote two letters a day
to his girl while in the Army only to
return home and find her married to
the mailman.
• • *
WE KNOW WHAT IT MEANS
A caller at a doctor's home was sur-
prised to have the door answered by a
little girl. "Where's your father," the
caller asked. "Oh, he's over at the
hospital performing an apendectomy,"
replied the tot.
"My that's a big word for a little girl
like you to use," the caller countered.
"Do you know what it means?"
"Sure," replied the girl without hes-
itation. "It means $125.00."
That's the way it is with labor and
the Ball-Burton-Hatch Bill. The spon-
sors have wrapped it up in a lot of high-
sounding phrases and arguments, but
labor knows what it really means. Just
one thing — SHACKLES.
THE CARPENTER
17
YOU FIGURE IT OUT
Each passing month sees the Allied
foreign policy (if they have one) get-
ing more and more confused. As we
understand it, Japanese are now fight-
ing alongside the British against the
natives of some South Pacific Islands,
pro-Nazis are in some instances holding
down official jobs while well known
anti-Fascists who rotted in concentra-
tion camps under Hitler are roaming
around unrecognized, and all the while
the Balkan situation gets more con-
fused and complicated and our own
State Department bulges at the seams
with dissension and charges and counter
charges. We point a finger at the Rus-
sians, who in turn point a finger at the
British, and the British point fingers at
everybody.
About all we can think of in connec-
tion with the mess is the couple who
ended up in divorce court. Each was
suing the other for divorce. The wife
charged the husband sold the kitchen
stove to provide money for whiskey, and
the husband testified the Missus was
such a sloppy housekeeper the stove
was gone for three weeks before she
missed it.
GETTING A LITTLE TIRESOME
For some time now the newspapers
have been full of charges and counter-
charges by various officials in the State
Department. From all indications, the
department that handles our foreign af-
fairs is full of Mexican generals. What
all the squabbling means baffles us no
end. In fact we are beginning to feel
like the burglar who broke into a big
mansion. Hearing someone coming, he
jumped into the music room and hid
behind a screen.
For an hour he listened to the lady of
the house take a vocal lesson. For an-
other hour he listened to the daughter
take her piano lesson. For still another
hour he listened to the son practice on
his violin. When the father walked into
the music room with a tuba under his
arm, the burglar jumped out trom be-
hind the screen.
"In heaven's name call the police," he
pleaded.
PAYTRIOTS
The swanky winter resorts of Florida
and California are teeming with record-
breaking trade. Race tracks are scoop-
ing in billions despite recent disclosures
of trickery and crookedness of all kinds.
Night clubs, bistros, cabarets, and
other hot spots are turning away cus-
tomers nightly as the cost-plusers,
black marketeers, and tin horn chisel-
lers of all kinds spend the money they
squeezed out of the blood, sweat and
tears of the war. Somehow or other it
seems to us that the boys who sleep in
Africa and France, and Guadalcanal
and Iwo Jima must be resting uneasily
in their graves at the thought of it all.
And remember, there were going to be
no new millionaires created during this
war?
About the only comment we can
make is that many a man who claims
to be a great supporter of the govern-
ment is merely holding it up.
PAUP POPS OFF
After pondering on atomic energy,
the Balkan situation, UNO, and the
general prospects for world peace, Joe
Paup, our favorite philosopher, gave to
posterity the following immortal words:
"An optimist is a man who thinks his
wife has stopped smoking cigarettes
when he starts finding cigar butts
around the house."
But, we simply had to have heat, Mrs.
Wilkens.
IS
Consistency They Know Not
As the result of a decision handed down by the Supreme Court of the State of Washington
last December, the right of bona fide labor organizations seeking decent wage standards to
■indulge in peaceful picketing teas placed on firmer ground than ever before. The decision was
the outgrowth of a recent strike by Brotherhood members employed in the Northwest lumber
industry for a wage increase commensurate with prevailing conditions. As explained in last
month's issue in the story headed "United Brotherhood Wins Significant Court Victory," the CIO,
together with some employers, sought to enjoin Brotherhood members from picketing in certain
instances. The Court held with the Brotherhood and its attorneys on the right of striking work-
ers to communicate their position to fellow workers in a peaceful manner.
When the Court handed down its decision, the Spokesman-Review of Spokane, Washington,
one of the least friendly papers to labor in the West, took exception editorially to the findings of
the court. In one of the ablest answers we have yet read, George Flood, Brotherhood attorney
in Seattle, called the hand of the paper. In doing so he summarized one of the outstanding in-
consistencies of American papers in general; while zealously and rabidly defending their right
to print what they like when they like, they throw tip their hands in horror when the same right
is extended to ivorkers who may through necessity resort to the picket line instead of the lodge
hall, city street or market place to disseminate their views, although both rights stem from the
same source — The First Amendment to the Constitution.
Following is the text of Attorney Flood's reply to the Spokesman-Review :
YOUR editorial of December
14 has just been called to the
notice of the writer, one of
'counsel for the United Brotherhood
of Carpenters and Joiners in the
recent litigation resulting in a deci-
sion of the Supreme Court on De-
cember 13. In that decision the
court recognized picketing by the
Lumber and Sawmill Workers Un-
ion of CIO employers, under the
circumstances characterizing the
particular picketing there involved,
as a function in the exercise of free
speech.
I am not at all concerned about
any editorial opinion you may wish
to express on this or any other sub-
ject. Democracy thrives by free in-
terchange of differences of opinion.
Freedom of press, equally as much
as freedom of speech, is one of the
imprescriptible, inalienable prerog-
atives of every American; but over
and beyond the mere expression of
opinion, there were in your editor-
ial certain implications which actu-
ally amount to a distortion of the
true facts of the case, and these I
can not permit to pass unnoticed or
unchallenged.
You assume to premise your edi-
torial upon an allegation of "in-
stances of violence," and your criti-
cism of the Supreme Court in
characterizing peaceful picketing
as freedom of speech is rationalized
therein by gratuitously introducing
into your discussion an assumption
of something wholly foreign to the
case : you allege not only resort to
force and instances of violence, but
deseeding to argumentum ad popu-
lum you even go so far, by actually
using the term, as to insinuate
that there occurred a "splitting of
heads." In these respects you not
only malign the Lumber & Sawmill
Workers Union in the northwest,
in so far as its members engaged in
picketing CIO operations, but you
do a gross injustice as well to the
Supreme Court of the State of
Washington, and to the Supreme
THE CARPENTER
19
Court of the United States whose
authoritative construction of the
First Amendment to the Federal
Constitution serves as a controlling
precedent for our own State Court's
decision. Neither that court nor
any court has ever sanctioned the
use of force or violence or of as-
sault and battery, and it is entirely
misleading- to imply that any court
has ever stultified itself, least of all
our own state court, by fictitiously
labeling- resort to force, violence or
assault as a function of freedom
of speech.
The misleading aspect of your
editorial flows from the fact that
in our case recently decided there
was not a single instance of force
or violence. Your paper, so fre-
quently alluding during the past
few months to outbreaks of vio-
lence in labor disputes in Detroit,
Los Angeles and elsewhere, might
very appropriately, with due re-
gard to journalistic justice, have
extended a word of recognition
and credit to the Lumber & Saw-
mill Workers Union over the fact
that the recent strike in the lumber
industry in the northwest has been
singularly free from the slightest
incident that might lead to or re-
sult in violence of any kind or
character. Never has there been a
strike of such large proportions,
involving some 60,000 workers,
where manifestations of force, vio-
lence and brutality have been so
completely lacking. The Lumber
& Sawmill Workers Union, A. F.
of L., are proud of this record, and
irrespective of any lack of sym-
pathy which you may have for their
strike objectives, they feel that a
sense of editorial fair play might
prompt you, in a line or two, to
acknowledge the credit therefore to
which they are entitled.
Frankly, we doubt whether the
total absence of force, violence or
brutality would in the slightest
change your opinion about any de-
cision of the Supreme Court either
of this state or of the United States,
serving to extend a measure of lib-
erality to organized labor in em-
ploying peaceful picketing as an
economic weapon to procure ade-
quate wages and living standards.
Presumably you have no quarrel
with the Supreme Court in so far as
it has recognized the right of the
press freely to publish any opin-
ion, any advertisement or any alle-
gation of fact, immune from the
power of any court to enjoin it —
for that is precisely what the Su-
preme Court of the United States
has held. Your quarrel would sim-
ply be with recent decisions of
the Supreme Court of the United
States in holding that the right of
labor to communicate a viewpoint
on the picket line is co-extensive
with the working man's right to ex-
press that same viewpoint on the
street, in the market place, on the
platform, or in his lodge. The in-
junctive process, admittedly inap-
propriate for the purpose of re-
straining freedom of the press, you
would presumably retain only so
far as necessary to restrain expres-
sion of opinion on the picket line.
If I have not accurately seized
your viewpoint you will of course
not hesitate to correct me, but I
conclude by recurring to your right
to express any opinion whatsoever
that you may entertain on this sub-
ject. I confine myself simply to in-
sisting that in doing so you relate
that opinion only to a correct state-
ment of facts and that you do not
premise it upon a false or errone-
ous factual background.
20
ill
Army-Navy Lumber Agency
CENTRALIZED control and procurement of lumber for both the
Army and Navy is being continued in the post-war period through
the Army-Navy Lumber Agency, established jointly by order of
the Under Secretary of War and the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, to
take over the wartime functions of the Central Procuring Agency, Office,
Chief of Engineers.
A Lumber Policy Committtee of the Army and Navy Munitions Board
has also been established to set policies and procedures for the Army-Navy
Lumber Agency and supervise the observance of these policies and pro-
cedures, in accordance with the objectives of the Army and Navy Muni-
tions Board. : .
The Army-Navy Agency is estab-
lished under the Office, Chief of
Engineers, United States Army,
with both the Chief of Engineers
and the Chief of the Bureau of Sup-
plies and Accounts, United States
Navy, directed to provide such per-
sonnel and administrative services
as may be required for the opera-
tion of the Agency.
The field organizations of the
Army-Navy Lumber Agency will
carry out the actual procurement
functions and will be located as
follows : An agency at Atlanta,
Georgia in the office of the Division
Engineer, South Atlantic Division;
one located in the office of the
Navy Supply Depot, Seattle, Wash-
ington; and one in the office of the
District Engineer, Portland, Ore-
gon. Any one of the Agency's
field offices may be used for pro-
curement of lumber for any of the
various Armed Services or for such
other agencies as the Veterans' Ad-
ministration, the Panama Canal or
other Federal Agencies who may
obtain this service upon approval
by the Army and Navy Munitions
Board.
The organization of centralized
control and procurement of lumber
on a permanent post-war basis is
considered a tribute to the effec-
tiveness of the system first inaugu-
rated by the Central Procuring
Agency during the war. Among the
well known procedures originally
established by the Central Procur-
ing Agency, which will be contin-
ued in the new Agency, is the "auc-
tion system" of buying which revo-
lutionized government procedures
for buying lumber.
The primary adavntage of cen-
tralized control cited by the Agency
is the speed with which new pro-
curement may be made. However,
the first job of the Agency will be
the redistribution of excess inven-
tories, whenever they occur, so as
to prevent the Armed Services from
having to go back into the market
until all war acquired stocks are
re-allocated. The Agency is also
given authority over reporting,
screening and transfer of excess
lumber stocks between the services
and their branches.
When procurement is again ini-
tiated, the lumber trade will have
the benefit of being able to use
identical contract forms and speci-
THE CARPENTER 21
fications on all the Armed Services system: "grademarking," "certifi-
buying through the Agency. The cate of inspection" and "govern-
Agency also emphasizes that it will ment inspection." The auctions will
maintain the war-time record of be as well advertised as possible
prompt payment of bills and sue- and will be open to all interested
cessful bidders will be paid within bidders. All species of lumber,
ten to thirty days. The Army-Navy rough or finished, including poles
Lumber Agency will maintain a and piling, cross ties and plywood
complete statistical record on its will be purchased through the
lumber procurement so that pro- Agency. The only exception to cen-
curement information will be avail- tralized purchase will be in less
able to any interested agency of than carload lots on which the Us-
the government. ing Agency may purchase direct,
The Agency will use three meth- provided it makes the purchases
ods of buying through its auction from local markets.
•
Truman Endorses Union Label Idea
President Truman approved of the principle of the Union Label in a
letter to the AFL Union Label Trades Department. The letter was in
response to an invitation to attend the Union Label and Industrial Exhibi-
tion in St. Louis, Oct. 29 to Nov. 3. The President said he could not make
a definite appointment at this time.
The rest of his letter follows :
"I trust that the 1946 Union Label and Industrial Exhibition will be
an outstanding success in full keeping with its laudable aims. The pur-
pose of such an exhibition, and of the other work of your department, is
important. Through other types of labeling the consumer has a guide to
the content and quality of the goods he purchases. Through the union
label he has knowledge that the men and women who make the product
work at fair wages and under decent conditions. By educating consumers
in general to the full meaning of the union label, you will enable them to
give added impetus to the establishment 'and maintenance of fair labor
standards."
I. M. Ornburn, secretary-treasurer of the Union Label Trades Depart-
ment, said that plans and preparations are now under way for the greatest
union labor exhibition ever held.
•
Someone Was Gouged
Some idea of the way consumers have been gouged on clothing is
indicated by an Office of Price Administration statement that in the last
year it has collected $1,500,000 in penalties from more than 200 manufac-
turers and distributors of wearing apparel in New York City alone.
Suits for damages were also declared to be pending in Federal district
court against 500 other violators.
During one week 15 manufacturers charged with black market opera-
tions made out-of-court settlements of damages amounting to $248,293.17.
Of course, the settlements represent only a fraction of overcharges paid
by consumers.
Cigarette Fund Closed Out
Last month a final allotment of free
cigarettes went out to the boys in our
military hospitals as the Cigarette Fund
was brought to an official close. From
the time the Fund was inaugurated in
August, 1943, until September, 1945 at
least one million cigarettes a month
were sent to the armed services through
the Fund. When last full purchase of a
million cigarettes was made in Septem-
ber of last year, there remained a bal-
ance of $287.00 in the Fund. However,
contributions continued to trickle in.
Some $234.10 came in after that time.
This built the Fund up to $521.10.
Last month the fund was officially
closed out. The $521.10 was used to
buy an allotment of cigarettes for
wounded vets recovering in our military
hospitals.
A splendid record was thus brought
to a close in a fitting manner. During
the months of its existence the Fund
provided almost thirty million free cig-
arettes for the armed forces. Few or-
ganizations in or out of the labor move-
ment can tie that record. Close to five
thousand pieces of mail have been re-
ceived by the General Office from sol-
diers, sailors, and marines who wanted
to express their thanks for the gift
smokes. In fact cards and letters of
thanks are still coming into the Gen-
eral Office. In all, better than sixty-
seven thousand dollars cleared through
the Fund as the sum total of all con-
tributions from the General Office, Lo-
cal Unions, and District and State
Councils.
During the war Brotherhood mem-
bers made many fine contributions to
the war effort both individually and
through their Local Unions, District
and" State Councils and through the In-
ternational Office. High among these is
the Cigarette Fund which provided the
millions of American smokes for Amer-
ican boys in all parts of the world where
the uncertainties of war may have
taken them. As General President
Hutcheson pointed out in his letter of
thanks sent to all units chartered by the
Brotherhood at the time the Fund was
discontinued, every individual member,
every Local Union and every Council
has a right to feel proud of the suc-
cess achieved by the Cigarette Fund.
Herewith is the final accounting of
the fund:
L. U. City and State
Amt.
14 San Antonio, Tex 10.00
80 Chicago, 111 10.00
122 Philadelphia, Pa 5.00
260 Waterbury, Conn. 88.00
737 Carlinville, 111 5.00
900 Altoona, Pa 5.00
972 Philadelphia, Pa 6.00
1108 Cleveland, O 10.00
1278 Gainesville, Fla 10.00
1693 Chicago, 111. 15.00
L. U.
1795
1846
2078
2205
2735
2901
City and State Amt.
Farmington, Mo. 10.10
New Orleans, La 10.00
Oceanside, Cal 5.00
Wenatchee, Wash 5.00
New Meadows, Ida 5.00
Memphis, Tenn 10.00
DISTRICT COUNCIL
New Orleans & Vic. D. C, La 25.00
Balance on Hand September 31, 1945 $287.00
Receipts 234.10
Balance on Hand $521.10
Expenditures, January 1946, Cigarettes to Hospitals $521.10
Plywood Looks Ahead
From a recent speech By S. W. Antoville
THE construction and building materials industries have suffered
by the exaggerated and imaginative publicity that has been given
to the home of tomorrow and the Utopian improvements it will
possess. Not the least guilty of such products is plywood — though in
fairness to the plywood industry, I want to emphasize the fact that most
of the wishful thinking and unfounded claims have emanated from the
imaginations and drawing boards of artists, designers and feature writers
outside of the industry rather than from the responsible manufacturers of
the product itself.
There has been a great number of improvements and considerable
progress made in plywood, as in other materials, but the changes and
improvements are mostly evolution-
ary in character, as they are in most
products and building methods,
rather than revolutionary.
In the plywood industry, the war
acted largely as a proving ground
for a great number of improve-
ments which actually occurred prior
to Pearl Harbor rather than as a
stimulant for the development of
the changes and improvements.
Fortunately, the plywood industry
had, for example, prior to the
1940's developed and used the resin
adhesives which made it possible
for plywood to be used as an ex-
terior panel and for marine and
aircraft work so that when the war
effort required materials of this na-
ture in ever-increasing quantities,
they were already available. And
just as important, production ex-
perience in their manufacture was
established and no longer in the ex-
perimental stages. The important
thing the war did for plywood was
to prove to the skeptical and cyn-
ical that it could be used safely,
economically and intelligently in
fields that hitherto had been beyond
its capacity. This is of interest and
importance to the lumber dealers
because the war has dramatically
and forcibly demonstrated the new
markets this material will have and
which the dealers will be able to
serve.
The Douglas Fir Plywood Asso-
ciation has done an outstanding re-
search and promotional job in first,
through its research and engineer-
ing departments developing the im-
provements of the product for many
new uses and, second, in publicizing
through intelligent advertising di-
rected to the consumers, builders,
industries, and dealers, the impor-
tant developments of this miracle
material — plywood. And the war,
by its adoption of the plywood for
many important uses, by its demon-
strations of the practicability of
these uses, has stimulated the ac-
ceptance and use of plywood to
such an extent that it has accom-
plished for plywood and for you
who handle it what twenty years or
24
THE CARPENTER
more of advertising' and missionary
work might have accomplished.
This development of plastics for
adhesives has, ina sense, been revo-
lutionary in that it has made of
plywood an outdoor material with
all the increased and novel uses in-
herent in that statement. It has
broadened its field and scope tre-
mendously.
The other important develop-
ment, particularly to you who sell
the material, in plywood which also
was in the making prior to Pearl
Harbor and which has been greatly
stimulated by the necessities of the
war, has been the improvement in
the methods of manufacture and the
adoption of straight line production
procedures which will be reflected
in reduced costs relatively speaking
and which in turn will broaden the
scope and market for hardwood
.plywood. Some of us in the plywood
industry — and I am now talking
particularly of the hardwood ply-
wood industry — r e a 1 i z e that to
broaden its field and market it is
necessary to improve quality and at
the same time by improved meth-
ods and greater standardization to
reduce costs. This movement which
was becoming evident prior to
Pearl Harbor was stopped by the
war because the facilities were
needed for technical plywood for
the war effort, and it is still retard-
ed by the fact that the demand for
plywood so greatly exceeds the
supply that the incentive for reduc-
ing prices does not exist at the mo-
ment, and the shortages of raw ma-
terials and labor in the woods have
temporarily increased costs.
We like to look to the automobile
industry for guidance in our think-
ing and feel that we can accomplish
in a measure what it has accom-
plished in giving the public — more
for less. In these three words —
more for less — you have the key-
note and measure of progress. In
the past, hardwood panelled rooms
were largely limited to the homes
of the wealthy. We hope by im-
proved manufacturing methods,
techniques and straight line produc-
tion to bring hardwood plywood in
a newer finished form within the
means of greater numbers and in
that way expand our market and
yours.
In thinking of the many new and
important uses of plywood, I am
struck by the rather plain and per-
haps undramatic fact that the most
important reason for the increased
use of plywood is that it has proven
to be an important improvement
over lumber and a great number of
its new uses result from its being
used in place of lumber. And that
is an important reason why ply-
wood is important to you. To be
specific and to cite some of these
uses, I merely wish to mention
such items as Sheathing, Concrete
Forms, Sub Floors, Siding and
Wall Paneling. All of these uses
for plywood were developed prior
to the war and in many communi-
ties plywood was accepted for these
purposes. But there were many con-
tractors, carpenters and dealers who
were skeptical about these uses for
this wood sandwich but who have
seen it used and have used it them-
selves in the construction of bar-
racks, airports and many govern-
ment buildings contracted for by
the government. The war brought
plywood into such prominence that
it received the attention of the best
technical brains. It will find its
place for use in many unique and
interesting ways but fundamentally
its progress is based upon the re-
placement of lumber to an ever-in-
THE CARPENTER
25
creasing extent. It has done and
will do this because it wastes much
less raw material, it is more stable
and it permits the use of light
weight wide boards with greater
facility and less expense.
For quite some time some of
man's ingenuity has been devoted
to the development of substitutes
for lumber and lumber products.
The development of plywood and
of plastics, independently and as
related to each other, plus research
in the chemistry of wood has caused
the complete reversal of scientific
thinking.
The substitutions for wood which
have occurred so extensively have
been due to certain deficiencies of
wood in its natural form. First, the
difficult manufacturing technique
required in using lumber for many
forms of manufacture. Plywood
corrects this. Second, the weak-
ness of lumber across the grain and
its tendency to expand and contract
under changes of atmospheric con-
ditions. Plywood largely corrects
this and impregnated plywood com-
pletely corrects it for all practical
purposes. Third, all lumber is sub-
ject to decay and rot under certain
conditions. Resin impregnation not
only prevents this but makes such
lumber or plywood more durable
than some metals. Lumber may be
made fire resistant by impregnation
or surface coating. Science will so
develop the use of lumber products
under new techniques that they will
be limited only by the quantity of
material available and this should
cause no worry if our forest re-
sources are intelligently controlled.
The case of plywood versus lum-
ber leaves very little doubt that
the former will more and more
displace the latter not only because
of its physical attributes and ease
of application, but because the
yield from the log quantitatively
as well as qualitatively is so much
superior.
Tremendous publicity was given
to the various methods of molded
plywood and the public was led to
believe that all sorts of things and
shapes would be miraculously pro-
duced in the future by these pro-
cesses. Generally speaking, molded
plywood should be defined as ply-
wood which is formed and glued
in one operation so that it is not
confused with bent plywood which
is made flat and then bent. Expe-
rience has proven, however, that
the molded plywood process as pre-
sently constituted is relatively ex-
pensive— that thus far it has not
lent itself to mass production eco-
nomically. Where strength and
weight are important factors, more
important than price, the produc-
tion of objects with compound
curves by the molded plywood pro-
cess is feasible. Thus in the war
effort the ability to make many im-
portant hush hush items was a real
and important contribution. But I
do not feel too sanguine about
molded plywood for peacetime
products. Early in the war, when
molded plywood was being publi-
cized so greatly, I remember illus-
trations of molded plywood bath-
tubs and ,while I know that this is
possible, I nevertheless know that
bathtubs can be more economically
and satisfactorily produced in
other materials and that it would be
futile to attempt to develop a use
for plywood which is neither ten-
able nor economic. I merely cite
this as an example of where a prod-
uct and industry can be done a dis-
service by attempting to promote
its use where other materials and
26
THE CARPENTER
methods are more practical and bet-
ter adapted.
The so-called bag' methods and
autoclave processes for making"
molded plywood to simple curva-
tures will in all probability go by
the boards and be replaced by the
much simpler, higher speed tech-
nique of gluing mechanically; that
is, obtaining fluid pressure on the
wood while it is being formed
against permanent dies which
should be of metal. This method
permits the use of adhesives such
as the cold-setting phenolics or
urea-type glues.
Specific examples of things that
have reason to be looked for in the
post-war era are molded plywood
boat hulls, particularly in the small
boat field, molded plywood tubing,
and molded combinations of fabric
and veneer, high strength resin im-
pregnated paper and veneer and Fi-
berglass and veneer. Molded ply-
wood which can be made to simple
curvature like chair arms, chair
backs, angles, channels and the like
may lend themselves to fairly high
speed production and reasonable
cost. The small boat field is par-
ticularly interesting and is no long-
er in the experimental stage. Prior
to the war, over 2,000 small boat
hulls ranging from 9 ft. dinghies to
14 ft. outboards were commercially
produced and proven completely
satisfactory in use. Their cost —
compared to the traditional proce-
dure— was relatively high and
while the experience gained in pro-
duction of thousands of 18 ft. hulls
made in one piece of \" , 9-ply shells
for the U. S. Engineers has improv-
ed the technique considerably, the
cost will probably exceed the cost
of small boats made with solid lum-
ber. They will remain in a DeLuxe
class with certain advantages in
weight factor, design and stability
to offset the lower cost of conven-
tional small boats.
There is considerable research
and actual development taking place
today in the field of technical ply-
wood for specific technical and in-
industrial uses which may be ex-
tended in the future to many appli-
cations in which the lumber dealers
will definitely be interested. Com-
binations of plywood and high
strength resin impregnated paper
as a surface coating have been de-
veloped for special use in crating
to withstand the conditions of hu-
midity and insects, particularly in
the tropics. Also, combinations of
plywood and light metals have done
an outstanding job in packaging
and protecting many important vi-
tal products ranging from perish-
able food products to smokeless
powder. These techniques will un-
doubtedly be applied to various
commercial applications. I have in
mind, as examples, a product con-
sisting- of exterior or water proof
Fir plywood faced with high
strength resin impregnated paper,
possibly in a variety of fast perma-
nent colors as completely finished
siding. The manufacture of kitchen
sinks, work surfaces for kitchens,
industrial plants, employing the
powder box technique to which I
have referred, which is a combina-
tion of plywood and a thin stain-
less steel metal, is definitely in the
cards.
Demand for plywood of all kinds
far exceeds the productive capacity
of the industry and that condition
is likely to prevail for a long period
of time, not only because of the
housing shortage, but because, as I
have pointed out, so many new uses
have been proven and adopted as a
result of war period experience.
27
THE SCHOOL AND THE PEOPLE
THE SCHOOLS belong to the people. The kind and quality of
education they offer express the aspiration of parents for the wel-
fare of their children and the hope of citizens for the nation's
future. There is no more important American policy than that of keeping
control of the schools directly in the hands of local citizens.
The recently increased interest of important groups of the American
public in their schools is therefore of great significance. The industry-
education conferences initiated by the National Education Association's
Commission for the Defense of Democracy through Education has brought
together from ten to twelve thousand industrialists and educators in
communities of 40 states to discuss
the problems encountered in adapt- nomic value of today's education,
ing education to the needs of the pointing to the fact that the income
community served, and in extend- of the American people has been
ing a high grade of educational op- increased through the great skill in
portunity to all American children. production and the demands of a
The Commission has inaugurated higher standard of living brought
a new series of meetings already about by education. This objective
under way, which include farm, la- and historically important study
bor, business and professional lead
ers. More than a thousand repre
justifies the conclusion, "If the peo-
ple of the United States want to
sentatives of these fields in seven hold their own in competition with
states have already assembled with other countries and to raise the
local educators and within the next level of living of our people, they
few months it is expected that the should promptly attend to further
key leadership from all walks of substantial expansion of education
life in the 48 states will have given and technical training."
educators the benefit of their ad- The attention given education in
vice and cooperation in planning the American press during recent
the reconversion of the schools months has been greater in amount
from emergency wartime condi- and more constructive in character
tions to normal peacetime service. than it has been for many years.
The study of the United States With the coming of the war, the
Chamber of Commerce made dur- schools suffered a major crisis in
ing the school year 1944-1945 is a the shortage of personnel. The fi-
noteworthy contribution to public nancial demands of war took prece-
opinion about education. The title dence over the financial needs of
of the study, Education — an Invest- schools. The press has helped to
ment in People, suggests the char- show that American resources in
acter of the report. Essentially it personnel and in money are great
is an attempt to appraise the eco- enough to fight a war and at the
28
THE CARPENTER
same time educate our youth to
make real what victory makes pos-
sible.
Advertisers, in' the press and on
the radio, joined magazine and
newspaper editors in interpreting
the wartime problems of education
and in paying tribute to the war-
time services of the teacher. No less
than a half million dollars have
been spent by advertisers on this
campaign. The program has done
much to raise the morale of the
teaching profession and to bring
teachers' salaries more nearly in
line with the cost of living.
The emergencies of wartime have
brought together educators and lay
citizens in a significant effort to
improve our schools. The increased
responsibilities of education in the
peace make continued cooperation
a first call upon the time and
thought of the American people.
Education has a place at the
peace table. For the first time in
the history of the world, there is an
opportunity to create and maintain
a people's peace. In building the
structure of a new world organiza-
tion, the statesmen of the United
Nations at San Francisco clearly
recognized that no international
machinery for dealing with eco-
nomic, political, military and legal
matters can work properly unless
the peoples of the world learn how
to make it work. Provisions for
education and cultural cooperation
were therefore incorporated in both
the Economic and Social Council
and in the trusteeship system of the
United Nations Organization.
This striking victory for educa-
tion in the peace did not happen by
accident. Thousands of educators
and other citizens had grimly de-
termined that this time education
should not have the courteous
"brush off" it received in 1919 by
the Committee drafting the Cove-
nant of the League of Nations. The
organized teaching profession,
through the Educational Policies
Commission of the National Educa-
tion Association and the American
Association of School Administra-
tors, spearheaded the struggle for
an international recognition of edu-
cation. The Commission was vigor-
ously and ably supported by all
types of lay organizations and by
public-spirited individuals. The
necessary forces were organized,
untiring and resolute.
The role of education at the peace
table is vital. Preparation for war
and preparation for peace are deep-
ly rooted in education. Americans
are not a war-like people, largely
because our schools have not glori-
fied war. They have not taught
youth that this country was hated
by any other nation. They have not
taught that our national ambitions
were threatened by those of any
other country — that neighboring
nations were our enemies. They
have not taught that the individual
existed solely to make his nation
powerful among others, but that a
government exists for the well-
being of its citizens. American
schools have taught youth that our
real enemies are disease and pov-
erty, and ignorance and crime, and
that the glory of man is their de-
feat.
The objective of international co-
operation in education is to elimi-
nate the kind of education that can
lead only to war, and substitute for
it the kind of education that leads
to peace.
The stipulation of the United Na-
tions Charter that the international
trusteeship is to promote the so-
cial and educational advancement
THE CARPENTER
29
of trust territories is of special
importance. Half of the people of
the world cannot read or write in
any language. Many of the illiterate
live in those under-priviliged areas
likely to be placed under trustee-
ship. From their present condition
of ignorance can come no contribu-
tion to a people's peace. The safety
of the world depends largely upon
intelligent cooperation made pos-
sible by universal education.
The National Education Associa-
tion is becoming increasingly con-
cerned about the existence of in-
tolerance among various elements
of the American people and the
prospect now that this war is over
there may be greater racial, religi-
ous, political and economic ten-
sions. The existence of our de-
mocracy will be seriously affected
if group prejudices and antagon-
isms get out of control or if the
causes of such prejudices and an-
tagonisms are not removed or re-
duced.
The Detroit race riot, the difficul-
ties in Harlem, the deep prejudices
against American citizens of Japa-
nese ancestry, the clashes between
the Mexican and anti-Mexican
groups that have occurred in the
South and West are all examples of
outbreaks that may increase in num-
ber and violence in the post-war
period. Not only is there a prob-
ability of more racial violence, but
it is possible that religious preju-
dices and antagonisms will increase
and that attempts may be made to
restrict the rights of certain church
groups.
In the international field the
forces of prejudice are threatening
the full success of cooperation
among the nations and may cause
a third world war unless brought
under control.
If the forces of disharmony and
prejudice are to be controlled, our
schools must teach young people to
recognize the rights of minorities,
to relieve injustices causing group
conflicts, and to appreciate the sa-
cred character of religion and the
sincerity of those who worship, to
whatever church they belong. More
and more, teachers must assume re-
sponsibility for the education of
our youth to respect the worth and
integrity of all individuals in our
society. It is likewise important
that members of minority groups be
taught to understand and to have
consideration for the rights, liber-
ties and attitudes of those who con-
stitute the majorities.
Deep-seated prejudices originate
early in childhood and generally
become fixed in adolescence. There-
fore, education in mutual under-
standing should begin in the kin-
dergarten and continue throughout
the university. It is not enough that
these principles be taught in the
schools. There fnust be evidences
of respect for minority groups in
the market place and the public
forum.
The teachers themselves must
have the support and the approval
of the public in the development of
ideals of tolerance and mutual un-
derstanding. This support and ap-
proval is not always forthcoming.
There have been recent instances of
discrimination and reprisal against
teachers because of their efforts to
teach tolerance and full considera-
tion of the rights of all individuals.
Naturally enough teachers some-
times tend to reflect the prejudices
and intolerance of their communi-
ties. There is, therefore, a heavy
responsibility upon local, state, and
national teachers' organizations to
discuss fully the need of tolerance
30
THE CARPENTER
and mutual understanding', and to
develop standards and attitudes
that will influence the entire teach-
ing profession. •
That part of the platform of the
National Education Association
dealing- with this problem is recom-
mended for adoption as public pol-
icy:
Every child regardless of race,
belief, economic status, residence,
or physical handicap should have
the opportunity for fullest develop-
ment in mental, moral, social and
physical health and in the attitudes,
knowledge, habits and skills that
are essential to individual happi-
ness and effective citizenship in a
democracy.
A hundred thousand teachers
have left the classrooms for war
jobs since Pearl Harbor. An equal
number have joined the military-
forces. Marriage, old age, and
death have continued to take their
usual toll of the profession. The
turnover has been about 25 per cent
of the teachers employed in the
schools prior to the war. This is too
large a turnover to permit the sta-
bility which the profession should
have.
To replace those who leave the
profession, school boards normally
look to teacher-training colleges
from which are recruited about 50,-
000 teachers each year. Enrollment
in these institutions is now only
half of what it was in pre-war
years. There is a critical shortage
of teachers now, with no prospect
of an adequate supply in the near
future.
To compensate for the shortage,
80,000 persons of less than standard
qualifications have been pressed into
service. Still there are vacancies.
Teaching positions have been abol-
ished. School classes have been
combined until they are too large
for effective instruction. Retire-
ment of older teachers has been
postponed.
Losses to military service were
to be expected, particularly among
the younger members of the profes-
sion. The supply situation, how-
ever, became really acute when
large numbers of teachers were
drawn to non-teaching employment
by wartime wages sufficient to meet
wartime living costs.
For many years teaching has
been a low-salaried employment.
When the exodus from the class-
room was highest, in 1942-43, near-
ly 40 per cent of the nation's teach-
ers were getting less than $1,200 an-
nually. Fully one-third of the teach-
ers of this country are now work-
ing for a salary which is substan-
tially less than the wages the fed-
eral government pays the women
who scrub the floors and polish the
furniture of its offices in the Na-
tion's Capital.
Normally substandard salaries
have not been adjusted to the pres-
ent abnormally high living costs.
The cost of living now stands at
least 30 per cent above the level of
January 1940; while teachers' sal-
aries have increased since that date
only about 24 per cent. In actual
purchasing power the salary of the
average teacher is less in 1945 than
it was in 1940.
It is not difficult to understand
why thousands of teachers have
sought to improve their economic
status by entering other lines of
work. There have been other rea-
sons for leaving the schools. While
the social recognition accorded the
teacher has improved in recent
years, many communities still
hedge their teachers about with
petty personal restrictions and call
THE CARPENTER 31
upon them for endless trivial serv- 'problems basically educational in
ices unrelated to their professional character — the education of veter-
training. Entering- a new occupa- ans, the occupational reconversion
tion is a welcome relief from such of civilians, the return to school of
restrictions. older employed youth, the revision
«,..., , of the curriculum in the liefht of
This situation has not only re- war experiences, the ^direction of
tarded advancement of teaching to- youth intQ the professions neglect-
ward real professional status, it is ed during the emergency period,
seriously undermining the quality and the development of understand-
of educational opportunity at a [ng 0f new international relations,
time when the Nation urgently Only the highest quality of prof es-
needs the highest grade of teaching sional attainment can perform these
service in schools of all educational important services adequately. — N.
levels. The Nation now faces new E. A. Report
England Starts Modernizing Coal Mines
The first important step in the modernization of Britain's coal industry
was taken last month when Col. O. A. Lancaster broke ground in New
Calverton, Nottingham, for the main shaft of a mine that is expected to
yield 1,000,000 tons annually for 125 years and to set new standards of
efficiency and decent working conditions for miners.
At the same time, the National Union of Mine Workers laid before
Emanuel Shinwell, Minister of Fuel and Power, a "Charter of Demands"
advancing concrete proposals for the betterment of working conditions
and the attraction of new workers to the industry.
♦
VETERANS SUPPORT AFL. SENIORITY PLAN
Charleston, S. C, war veterans are lining up with organized labor in
support of straight seniority as the only real protection of workers
against favoritism.
Memorial Post No. 59 of the American Legion, composed to a large
extent of Charleston navy yard workers, went on record for a seniority
system in the yards such as AFL unions have been battling for.
The post's action was regarded as especially important, because some
Legion leaders in Washington have been opposing legislation, sponsored
by labor, to provide that layoffs and rehirings in navy yards shall be based
exclusively on seniority.
♦
CONGRESS STARTS PROBE OF HUGE TAX REFUNDS •
Hearings to start soon before the Senate Labor and Education Com-
mittee may cast light on how giant corporations are using tax refunds
granted by the government to wage war against the trade union movement.
These refunds run into billions, and when Congress authorized them
the idea was that the money would enable the companies to reconvert
more swiftly to peacetime production.
Editorial
Time for a Little Revamping
At the present time protest demonstrations among our troops abroad
are vying for the headlines with strikes here at home. In both the Pacific
and the European theaters GI Joes are volubly protesting against the
failure of the Army and Navy Brass Hats to get them home within
what they consider to be a reasonable length of time. So far the protests
have been limited to peaceful demonstrations. The boys want to come
home — especially those with high point scores in the demobilization
scheme. They don't want excuses or patronage or USO shows. They want
one way tickets to the wives, mothers, sweethearts and jobs they left
behind. When these haven't been forthcoming as rapidly as the boys
figured they should, they have been taking the bull by the horns and
doing a little prodding where they thought it would do the most good.
Making sweeping generalities is always a dangerous thing. However,
in talking to hundreds of ex-soldiers, it seems pretty clear that there are
two general gripes that are well-nigh universal. The first is that GI's
are seldom told anything. They are ordered to do plenty but not very
often are they told the whys and wherefores of what they are doing. In a
professional army this sort of thing may be O.K., but in a citizens' army —
especially when that army is composed of reasonably intelligent men — it
doesn't work out so well. Even since the last war the intelligence of the
average American has advanced materially. Radio, fast communication
and transportation, and more schooling have all brought this about. Men
think for themselves more than they used to. Consequently they can't be
pushed around as much as they used to be. Even in unionism there was a
day when the rank-and-file was content to merely obey orders. Today
union members want to know where and why and how before they act.
Naturally there are very definite limits to what the Brass Hats can dis-
close to the men — especially in time of war. But from the gripes we
have heard from returned vets the army could do a much better job of
keeping enlisted men informed of what is going on and why certain ac-
tions are necessary.
The second general gripe seems to be aimed at the caste system pre-
vailing in the various branches of the armed services; i.e. the holier-than-
thou attitude of the officers as compared to the enlisted men. In a demo-
cratic army a system that draws such a fine line of demarcation between an
officer and an enlisted man seems out of place. Undoubtedly the bulk of
the officers in both the army and the navy are good Joes who seldom, if
ever, take advantage of the privileges their positions as officers give them.
However, a pipsqueek does slip by Officers' Training School once in
awhile and when that happens the men who draw that particular officer
catch a lot of unnecessary Hades.
THE CARPENTER 33
Originally, we suppose, the caste system' for officers developed from
the need to maintain discipline. In the days when the common people
were much more ignorant than they are today it may have been all right.
But things are different now. The average man thinks for himself nowa-
days, and the holier-than-thou system serves as an irritant. After all, dis-
cipline is maintained in industry day in and day out, and it is maintained
without a caste system. Men obey their bosses and respect their decisions.
Thing work out smoothly without one man being made to feel he is in-
ferior to another. In the army and navy the same thing holds true insofar
as the non-commissioned officers are concerned. Men obey them as read-
ily as they do the full-fledged officers who are set apart as though they
were some superior breed. So it might not be amiss for the armed serv-
ices to examine more closely the officer caste system, a system which
stemmed primarily from the snobbery of the English army of the eigh-
teenth century.
And while they are at it it might not be a bad idea for the services to
examine some of the Hollywoodism that seems to have infected some
of our top-flight generals and admirals. A few of them seem to be as publi-
city hungry as any of the Hollywood stars. If they can't get their names
in the papers one way they do it in another way. The result is confusion
and more confusion. One week the War Department announces demo-
bilization has to be cut down as men are being released too rapidly for
national safety, and the same week a high commander anounces that point
scores for his men are being reduced. Where does that leave the men?
Do they get to come home or don't they? It's no wonder there are demon-
strations of protest.
On the other hand, a sort of Bring-My-Boy-Home hysteria is sweeping
the country. Wives, sweethearts and families are demanding that their
loved ones come home regardless of anything else. Everybody seems to
be forgetting that the job is not yet completed. There could be no greater
tragedy than having America lose in the first months of peace the things
so many men died in the war to establish. Sufficient forces must be kept
in Germany and Japan to guarantee that neither of those nations ever
again becomes a military power. By eliminating the two above-mentioned
gripes, the regular Army could probably attract more men. Certainly such
action would at least eliminate the unhappiness of the drafted men who
still are in the armies of occupation.
Farmers and Workers Are Interdependent
According to the Department of Agriculture, the farmers of the nation
enter 1946 in the most prosperous condition in their history. During 1945
they took in more money for the crops than ever before, and after pay-
ing off all their operating costs they kept a larger net surplus than ever
before. The 1945 figures showed the stupendous sum of 24 billion dollars
going to farmers in that twelve month period for their output. This was
some 10 billion higher than the 1944 figure and some six times higher than
the 1933 figure. Even after deducting some 13 billion dollars for higher
34 THE CARPENTER
operating costs, farmers during last year retained something like 1.2
billion dollars as their net profit, a new record high.
It is significant that this income was divided among fewer farmers than
ever before, making each individual's take higher. In 1940 one fourth of
our population was engaged in farming. Last year only one fifth was clas-
sified as farmers. This unprecedented prosperity for farmers is going to
mean more and better jobs for the city workers. Farmers are among the
best consumers of manufactured goods in the nation when they have the
money. They are going to need new barns and new homes and new trac-
tors and new refrigerators. Furthermore they are going to have the
money to pay for these things. As they buy these things the wheels of
industry will turn faster to produce them and city men will have jobs.
Labor has always recognized that prosperity among the farmers is a prime
essential for national prosperity.
However, farmers have not always recognized the equally axiomatic
truism — namely, that prosperous city workers are the keystone of farm
prosperity. When city workers make decent wages, they buy the prod-
ucts of the farm. When they are not working or when their wages are
low the farmer feels the pinch. Even the Secretary of Agriculture recog-
nizes this fact. In commenting on the 1945 achievements of the farmers,
he said: "The city workers had plenty of food dollars to spend and they
spent those dollars right over the farmer's counter. They spent more than
30 billion dollars for food, a third of their entire consumer outlay. Con-
trast this with 1933, when consumers had only 11^ billion food dollars,
and after the middleman took his toll there was very little left for the
farmer."
Before the farmer can prosper, the city worker must prosper. Pros-
perous corporations or big dividends don't make for farm prosperity, but
decent wages do. After all, a millionaire who takes in thousands of
dollars a week in dividends only eats three meals a day. The same amount
of money, if instead of being concentrated in one man's hands were di-
vided among many workers as increased wages, would make for many
prosperous workers. Each of them would eat more and better food and
the farmer would feel the benefits.
Some day all farmers and workers will realize that they are inter-
dependent. They will realize that one group cannot prosper at the ex-
pense of the other. When that day comes the nation should be able to
create a sound and stable foundation for a lasting prosperity.
Drive Out the Chisellers
Before the ink is dry on any piece of beneficial legislation giving some
particular group a decent break, the tin-horns, chisellers, and racketeers
are out with schemes for mulcting the unwary. Apparently the GI Bill
of Rights is no exception. Reports coming from many parts of the nation
indicate that the human vultures are out en masse to fleece the GI's out of
the benefits accruing to them under the act. The racketeers are finding
THE CARPENTER 35
the educational features of the GI Bill of Rights particularly vulnerable.
All kinds of underhanded schemes for taking in the GI's are developing.
One of the most flagrant is the phony "Trade School." These schools
are springing up all over the country. About the only thing they are
interested in is getting the vets' money and giving him as little as possible
in return. There are many old established schools that do a fair job of
teaching the vets what they promise to teach them. With these schools
there is no particular quarrel. It is the fly-by-night schools that are
springing up overnight and making all kinds of misleading promises to
the GI's that ought to be exposed and driven out of business.
The worst offenders against the GI's seeking an education are the
sweat-shoppers who are finding the GI Bill of Rights an ideal instrument
for procuring sweatshop labor. Under the Bill of Rights, vets are paid
from sixty to ninety dollars a month, plus tuition fees, while learning a
trade or profession. Unfortunately the Bill of Rights lays down no
particular standards which training offered to GI's must meet. The matter
is left up to the states and so far most of them have done very little
about it. The chisellers know this and they are out to make the most of
it. Instead of giving vets properly supervised training, they are hiring
them for starvation wages and merely working the devil out of them.
Recently the Colorado State Federation of Labor issued a bitter blast
against this practice. James Shirley, Federation secretary and himself a
vet, called attention to the vicious game. He declared : "I believe many
employers are hiring help at fifty cents an hour under the guise of training
to veterans knowing that the Veterans' Administration will supplement
their wages with subsistence wages under the GI Bill of Rights."
Colorado is not the only state from which such complaints have come.
States are just not equipped to police veterans' training. Unscrupulous
employers in many of them have managed to work their way into the
"accredited" lists which gives them a pretty much free hand to exploit
the GI's as best they can. So far the Veterans' Administration has been
unable or unwilling to cope with the situation.
Fleecing GI's who fought for their country is a crying shame. How-
ever, as long as there are individuals and firms willing to do it for their
own profits, everything possible must be done to protect the ex-soldiers.
For their own protection as well as for the protection of the GI's, the
unions of the nation can do no better job than to sponsor and maintain
apprenticeship programs and apprenticeship supervision. Many of out
District Councils have entered into, joint apprenticeship programs with
employers of their areas. These programs assure the vets of genuine and
thorough apprenticeship training and they assure the unions of competent
mechanics in the years ahead.
Through its National Apprenticeship Training Program, the govern-
ment is encouraging GI's to take apprenticeship training. First General
Vice President M. A. Hutcheson is a member of the national committee.
No honest person wants to see the GI's gypped. The best way to see that
they aren't is to provide them with means of getting genuine training
under an apprenticeship program that is comprehensive and fair.
36
Which Way America?
THE SIGNIFICANCE of the recent Management-Labor Confer-
ence was ignored by most American newspapers. Its outstanding
achievements were played down, and the American public was
given the false impression that it had been a failure. Perhaps some re-
porters wanted to make it appear so, in order to clear the way for legis-
lation to control labor. Actually, the Conference did more than any
amount of legislation to promote peaceful settlement of disputes.
The Conference resulted in at least three major achievements: (i) For
four weeks (November 5 to 30) top leaders of labor and management met
together and came to a clearer understanding of each other's viewpoint
and problems. (2) In three unanimous reports, they reduced to writing
certain vital principles for collec
tive bargaining, accepted by both
parties, and gave a blueprint for
reorganizing the U. S. Conciliation
Service to fit it for constructive
work in the settlement of disputes.
(3) They provided for a continu-
ing committee, with four represen-
tatives each from management and
labor, which can carry forward the
joint consideration of their com-
mon problems, enlarge the area
of knowledge, understanding and
agreement, and bring further pro-
gress in collective bargaining.
The Conference marks a mile-
stone in labor relations. After
World War I, management refused
to recognize collective bargaining
and waged bitter warfare against
unions. Today, both national organ-
izations of employers officially en-
dorse collective bargaining as a
WHICH WAY FOR AMERICA?
C0U£CWf SMMM/M M GOViMMMT SMX0S
UNITM5TS PRODUCTION
GOV£#/VAf£#T
St//t/M6£M£/Vr
J.ASO/Z
Management and labor examine the facts and make their own Government boards examine the facts and impose their deci«
decisions. tions on management and labor.
THE CARPENTER
37
constructive factor in American
economic life. However, there are
persons who advocate government
control of labor relations, and the
bill for labor fact-finding- boards,
introduced in Congress immediate-
ly after the close of the Manage-
ment-Labor Conference, imposes
such controls. Our country must
therefore decide between two alter-
natives in labor relations : Collec-
tive bargaining or control through
government boards.
Under collective bargaining, man-
agement and labor together work
out the knotty problems of wages
and other conditions around the
conference table. Facts and records
bearing on all matters concerned
can be brought and studied by both
parties. Decisions are adapted to
the particular conditions of each
plant or industry because they are
made by those who best know the
circumstances and who will carry
out the agreement reached*
During the war, collective 'bar-
gaining was broadened in many
plants to include union-manage-
ment production committees. Joint
consideration of plant problems
combined the genius of manage-
ment and labor to create our war
production miracle. Eighty-five per
cent of American war material was
produced in plants where collective
bargaining prevailed. The Manage-
ment-Labor Conference has now
paved the way for further progress.
The bill for labor fact finding
boards on the other hand, would
turn back the clock of progress.
Under this bill, the Secretary of
Labor could certify to the Presi-
dent any labor dispute affecting
"the national public interest," and
the President could appoint a fact
finding board of three or more per-
sons. A 30-day cooling off period
would _ be imposed during which
strikes would be illegal ; the board
would then report its findings and
recommendations. By making
strikes a crime and thus imposing
involuntary servitude on labor the
bill goes far beyond the Railway
Labor Act.
This bill would take the process
of negotiations out of the hands of
management and labor and place it
in the hands of outsiders who have
no direct knowledge of the prob-
lems concerned. Facts and records
would be brought together by the
government board and studied by
it, not by workers and employers
who have experience in the produc-
tion. The board's findings or de-
cision, not the conclusions of man-
agement and labor, would set the
terms to govern the plant concerned.
Such a process would kill the joint
management-labor consideration of
facts and problems which is at the
heart of American productive effici-
ency and high living standards.
Under government fact-finding
boards in the railway industry,
workers have made far less pro-
gress than under free collective
bargaining in other industries. It
is significant that from 1926 to 1944,
hourly wages of railroad workers
rose only 50% under government
boards, while hourly wages of fac-
tory workers rose nearly 100% un-
der collective bargaining.
Further development of collec-
tive bargaining is the way forward
for America, if we wish to main-
tain our free enterprise system,
which is the basis of political de-
mocracy. If, on the other hand, the
objective is to develop a breach be-
tween management and labor so
that government controls over the
American economy may be widen-
ed, then government fact-finding
38
THE CARPENTER
boards are an excellent mechanism
with which to begin.
Labor unrest and strikes cannot
be ended by finding some simple
formula to be adopted universally.
Yet this is what the public was led
to expect the Management-Labor
Conference to do. Instead it did
something far more important. Its
unanimous reports set down a code
of collective bargaining principles
which, if followed by management
and labor, will widen the area of
good faith and sound relations. Im-
portant points from the three re-
tive should be to sign an agree-
ment covering a definite period of
time. Each party should present a
statement of position; areas of
agreement should be sought and is-
sues precisely defined ; respect and
consideration should be given to all
proposals. Conciliation and volun-
tary arbitration may be used if col-
lective bargaining fails, but they
should not be the first resort.
B. Existing Agreements. Agree-
ments should be clearly written
and thoroughly understood by em-
ployer and all employes ; workers
PRODUCTIVITY AND "REAL" WAGES OF AMERICAN FACTORY WORKERS
Z7S
250
225
ZOO
/7S
/fO
/25
INO£X - /909 = /oo
see
Z7S
243 — £
&250
*****
/WUWCr/ON &/? AMM00K
e//S
*7aS'> I i i \***
x,8Jr> • • \zaz
a** — nnt- — ^~jfft~ eo°
-J^*- ! !-#- — h-W— /7S
^♦T <.±* £SrK Mlr£S
— -Jr — 1 rf^T" r — -VIM /so
^"'1' 'miimsyL. °*["e\ ,,*■
I I I I I I I /oo
*> v & is & & &
Source: Production per Manhour: Calculated from National Bureau of Economic Research figures; "Real" Wages: Labor Department figures*
ports are given below. (Union offi-
cers and organizers are urged to
write for the complete text.)
A. First Agreements: Collective
bargaining, undertaken promptly
and in good faith after recognition
of a proper bargaining agent, is the
first step to avoid strikes or refusal
to bargain by the employer. Ob-
servance of the following rules will
contribute to orderly procedure :
The employer should not question
his obligation to bargain with the
union, nor should negotiations be
delayed by either party; the objec-
and supervisors should be educated
in the meaning of all provisions;
there must be an honest effort on
the part of all to carry out the
spirit as well as the letter of the
agreement, to conduct relations on
a basis of mutual fairness and re-
spect. Agreements should contain
effective procedure for settling
grievances without strike or lock-
out. Grievances should be promptly
handled, and should be considered
by foremen as aids in discovering
and removing the causes of discon-
tent. Management and union should
THE CARPENTER
39
train their representatives in the
proper functioning of grievance
procedure; the basic objective is
achievement of sound and fair set-
tlements.
C. Conciliation Service. The
United States Conciliation Service
should be reorganized so that it will
be an effective and completely im-
partial agency within the Labor De-
partment. An Advisory Committee
to the Director should be appoint-
ed, consisting of equal numbers of
management and labor representa-
tives. Personnel of the Service
should be characterized by imparti-
ality, integrity and knowledge of
management-labor problems, and
provisions should be made for
training newly appointed concilia-
tors; the number of conciliators
should be adequate. The Division
of Arbitration should have a list of
capable trained arbitrators who
may be assigned when requested by
both parties. The Technical Service
Division should be reorganized and
should have an advisory committee
of equal numbers of management
and labor representatives. Working
with the Bureau of Labor Statistics
and other agencies, it should pro-
vide information whenever needed.
During the war we know that
productivity rose more than ever
before. Although complete infor-
mation for the whole period is still
lacking, we know that in munitions
industries from January 1943 to
September 1944, production per
manhour rose more than 40%, —
three times the highest rate previ-
ously achieved. Competent observ-
ers feel that the cooperation of
labor was probably the most im-
portant factor in bringing about
the immense wartime gain in pro-
ductive efficiency. Union members
worked through labor-management
committees to break bottlenecks
and improve production in every
possible way. Such cooperation can
create income to pay wages.
Most labor-management commit-
tees want to continue their work
in peacetime. Such economic coop-
eration can exist where collective
bargaining has developed to a
smoothly operating process, with
good faith on both sides. Then
union-management committees Can
provide a way for responsible un-
ions to improve production, bring-
ing larger wage increases.
Recently the Paper Makers In-
ternational Union released a report
which throws light on the dynamic
possibilities of this new economic
cooperation. The Paper Makers
point out that : Labor today has
reached a new position of power in
the American economy (there are
15 million workers under union
contract), and must assume propor-
tionate responsibility in keeping
industry alive. Workers are ready
to accept responsibility "provided
they are convinced a fair distribu-
tion is made of the wealth they as-
sist in creating." To accomplish
this cooperation, unions must work
closely with management to reduce
production costs, and management
must give the union concrete infor-
mation about production problems
and be ready to "talk cold facts"
around the conference table about
its financial affairs, showing the re-
sults accomplished by joint efforts.
Given this true partnership, the un-
ion must assume its proper place in
the constant search for solution of
the industry's many problems. The
best way to high wages "is ino the
improved efficiency of our union
mills."
The Paper Makers warn that,
since workers and employers form
40
THE CARPENTER
the majority of the population of
all industrial countries, "the future
of our democracies rests to a great
extent on the shoulders of these two
groups. If we are not able to regu-
late ourselves and our industries,
peacefully and intelligently, then
we are certain to have regulations
imposed on us by bureaucratic
dreamers who will give us little
consideration."
Unio n-management cooperation
brings efficiency, not by a speed-up,
but by breaking bottlenecks and by
a hundred and one other improve-
ments which workers can make be-
cause they know work conditions
from direct experience. In many
plants where union-management co-
operation is most successful, em-
ployers regularly furnish produc-
tion records and charts. These rec-
ords are hung in places where all
can study them and see the results
of their work. Such information is
vital to the success of union-man-
agement cooperation. Responsible
union officers must know the
increased income resulting from
members' cooperation so they can
determine a fair wage increase.
Free enterprise and free labor
have raised American productive
efficiency to a point unequalled in
any other country. Consequently,
Americans enjoy the world's high-
est living standard. No communist
dictatorship has been able to give
its people even half the living
standard achieved in America un-
der free enterprise, by increasing
productivity and raising wages
through collective bargaining.
Every worker knows that a
wage increase must be produced be-
fore it can be paid. Rising wages
depend on: I. Increased production
per manhour of work to create the
income for higher wages ; 2. Strong
union organization to bring the
rightful share of that income into
the worker's pocket.
During World War I, "real"
wages rose 24% (1914 to 1919). This
was due to growing strength of or-
ganized labor, for AFL, member-
ship doubled from 1914 to 1920, and
unions drove for higher wages.
Beginning in 1919, new industrial
techniques brought a rapid rise in
productivity; from 1919 to 1929,
production per manhour rose 74%.
This created the income for a rapid
rise in wages, but no such rise took
place. Why? Because this was
the period of industry's anti-union
"open shop" drive; union member-
ship dropped sharply in the depres-
sion of 1922 and did not recover.
"Open shop" managements gave
some wage increases to forestall un-
ion organization, but in this whole
ten year period, workers' real wages
rose only 20%. That is, workers
gained less in these ten "open shop"
years than they had in the previous
five years when union strength was
growing. Huge profits and stock
market speculation characterized
the boom year 1929. Shortage of
workers' buying power was a prime
cause of the industrial collapse
which followed (1930 to 1933). Dur-
ing the depression, productivity
went on increasing, but workers
made no significant gains in "real"
wages.
In 1933 the National Recovery
Act guaranteed workers' right to
organize. AFL membership rose
rapidly. A union drive for higher
pay, together with increased em-
ployment, lifted the average "real"
wage 17% in one year (1933 to
1934). Then came the employers'
drive against NRA and its expira-
tion in 1935. Union organization
THE CARPENTER 41
and wage drives were stalled for produces the income to raise wages ;
the next two years, although pro- but workers do not receive their
ductivity rose rapidly. Then in share of that income unless they
1937 the National Labor Relations are strongly organized in unions.
Act was declared constitutional and Under the "open shop" from 1919
labor's right to organize was finally to 1929, productivity rose 74%,
established. Union drives in the "real" wages 20%; result; the de-
next two years (1937 to 1939) pression of the thirties. From 1929
brought workers a share of this in- to 1939 strong unions made up
creased productivity and "real" part of this discrepancy; wages in-
wages rose 13%. Productivity kept creased and living costs declined,
on rising during this period of so that "real" wages rose
wage increases, except for a setback while productivity rose 32% ; re-
in the industrial recession of 1937- suit : better economic health for
America's free enterprise system America. — AFL Monthly Survey.
•
OPA Sees Record Profits in '46
This is going to be a banner year for profits, the Office of Price Admin-
istration predicted. With excess profits taxes repealed, industry should
earn its greatest profits in history, the federal agency said.
This statement is especially significant because American business
made profit history in the last two year and earnings are still going up.
The figures for 1945 are not yet available, but they were greater than
in 1944, a "fantastic" profit year.
American workers and trade unions should be interested in examining
the profit figures for 1944, as revealed in a statement filed by the OPA
with the Senate Small Business Committee. Profit increases in 1944 over
the 1936-39 period, which was quite prosperous, include:
Hardware retailers, 464 per cent; small furniture stores, 185 per cent;
variety chain stores, 339 per cent; men's apparel stores, 398 per cent;
department and specialty stores, 1,324 per cent; chain grocery stores, 152
per cent; music stores, 210 per cent; automobile dealers, 200 per cent.
So much for retailers. These increases in profits show how well the
wholesalers also fared:
Hardware wholesalers, 179 per cent; dry goods, 639 per cent; grocery
25 per cent.
Of course, the distribution end of business, on the whole took a back
seat to the manufacturing end, as these profit increases emphasize:
All manufacturing, 450 per cent; textile and leather, 730 per cent;
transportation equipment, 650 per cent; metals and products, 590 per cent;
building materials, 270 per cent; chemicals, 230 per cent; food, beverages
and tobacco, 200 per cent.
•
ANYWAY SOMEONE BENEFITED
The 48 states of the Union benefited financially from World War II.
While Uncle Sam was accumulating such a debt as the world has
never seen, the states redeemed 32.2 per cent of their outstanding obliga-
tions and, in addition, accumulated surpluses aggregating five billion
dollars.
42
New regulations on building materials
give all the breaks to ex-soldiers
Vets Get Preference
•
THE FIRST consideration of the Federal Housing Administration
will be to expedite construction of housing costing under $10,000
and to be occupied by veterans under the priority system for
scarce building materials which went into effect last month, FHA Com-
missioner Raymond M. Foley recently explained.
Application forms for priorities for building materials presently in
critical short supply will be available at all 71 of FHA's field offices for
individual veterans who want to build a home of their own as well as
builders who want to erect one or more dwellings either for sale or
rental for which veterans of World War II will be given preference.
In an effort to get maximum con-
struction of moderate-cost housing
underway as speedily as possible,
the entire preference rating system
has attempted to stress simplicity,
Mr. Foley said.
The Civilian Production Admin-
istration, through the National
Housing Agency, has delegated to
the FHA the task of processing and
issuing the new HH preference rat-
ings under which it is anticipated
that about half of the critically
short materials produced in 1946
will be made available for con-
struction of homes for veterans.
Mr. Foley made it clear that the
$10,000 sales price, which includes
land and improvements, or an $80
a month rental are maximum figures
and that every effort will be made
to get a volume of construction at
lower levels.
In a letter to state and district
directors he said:
"It is particularly important that
every effort be exerted among home
builders to induce the production
of housing at price levels as much
under the $10,000 maximum as fea-
sible. If in your jurisdiction appli-
cations tend to concentrate at or
immediately below the $10,000 level
without a fair distribution among
lower price brackets, I wish you
would bring the facts to my atten-
tion immediately."
Mr. Foley also pointed out that
housing already under construction
may be brought within the Recon-
version Housing Program if it
meets the standards set in the C-
PA's Priorities Regulation 33.
Aside from the $10,000 maximum
sales price and $80 a month rental
the CPA regulation further re-
quires :
1. Applicants must furnish
description of the structures
they plan to build and the price
or rental at which they will
make it available to veterans.
FHA field offices must be satis-
fied that the proposed sale price
or rent is reasonably related to
the proposed accommodation.
2. Applicants must show they
will be ready to start construc-
tion within 90 days and dem-
THE CARPENTER
43
onstrate that they have effec-
tive control of the land, that
financing is assured, and that
arrangements have been made
for local building permits, util-
ity services, and the like.
3. Applicants must agree to
make the housing available
only to veterans during the pe-
riod of construction and for 30
days thereafter. In his sales
agreement, a veteran or other
purchaser is pledged to the
same 30-day waiting period in
case of a re-sale and the sale
must be made at or below the
maximum sales price originally
paid.
4. The regulation makes pos-
sible also the conversion of ex-
isting structures where it is
shown increased dwelling units
will result and it also covers
construction of dormitories or
group housing for educational
institutions for the benefit of
veterans.
The materials to which priorities
will apply include common and
face brick, clay sewer pipe, struc-
tural tile, gypsum board, gypsum
lath, cast iron soil pipe and fittings,
cast iron radiation, bathtubs, lum-
ber, and millwork. CPA has an-
nounced that additions or deletions
from this schedule may be made
from time to time.
In stressing that speed in getting
the program into operation is of
paramount importance, Mr. Foley
told his field directors:
"Our procedures have been de-
signed to effect speedy and efficient
operation in a manner that will as-
sure that findings are consistent
and reasonable. With respect to
the determination of maximum
sales prices, we have made it clear
that the objective of speed in pro-
ducing housing does not permit
more than an opinion that the sell-
ing price is approximately in keep-
ing with the cost of producing and
marketing similar properties. As to
rentals, agreement is being con-
cluded with the Office of Price
Administration whereunder that
Agency will automatically accept
as its 'initial rent' the rental ap-
proved in these applications."
Mr. Foley declared the necessity
for speed made it mandatory that
every effort must be made by field
offices to avoid delay and pointed
out that processing priorities is
done without reference to the type
of financing proposed.
"You will note," he said in his
letter to the directors, "that great
reliance is placed upon your know-
ledge of local conditions and local
builders to avoid excesses in the
issuance of preference ratings, par-
ticularly to see to it that ratings
are not issued beyond the capacity
of the applicant to start construc-
tion within 90 days.
"It is hoped that between 400,000
and 500,000 units can be placed
under construction this year. The
Civilian Production Administration
is taking appropriate steps to allo-
cate a proportion of available criti-
cal materials to meet these prefer-
ence ratings, based upon estimated
housing production in that volume."
695,000 NEGROES IN ARMY
A War Department report detailing the contribution of Negroes to the
war effort reveals that 695,264 wore the army's uniform, and that 475,95°
served overseas. "They helped make possible the victory and are now
protecting the peace," the report says.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HDTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Secretary
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
10348£ Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
3684 W. 136th St., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
1182 St. Lawrence, Rm. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
SPECIAL NOTICE
We wish to remind all Locals that the Twenty-fifth General Con-
vention of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
will be held in the Auditorium of the Carpenters' Home, Lakeland, Flor-
ida, beginning Monday morning, April 22, 1946.
The Convention Call was issued under date of November 20, 1945 by
authority of the General Executive Board. All Delegates and Alternates
must be elected in December, 1945, or January, 1946, and the General Sec-
retary so notified, Paragraph F, Section of our General By-Laws specifies
that:
The Recording Secretary shall under penalty of five dollars
($5.00) fine at once report to the General Secretary the name and
post office address of the Delegate and Alternate.
We wish also to call your attention to the fact that :
All amendments to the General Constitution submitted by
Local Unions, District, State or Provincial Councils for the
consideration of the Convention shall be forwarded to the Gen-.
THE CARPENTER 45
eral Secretary not later than the 15th day of February,. 1946, pre-
ceding- the holding of the Convention, and the said amendments
shall be published in our Official Journal in the issue immediately
following their receipt by the General Secretary, and no further
amendments shall be considered by the Constitution Committee
other than those submitted in accordance with the above, but
amendments to any Section can be offered from the floor during
the report of the Constitution Committee.
Please be guided accordingly.
Fraternally yours,
FRANK DUFFY, General Secretary.
»
Proposed Changes to our Constitution and Laws
By Local Union No. 213, Houston, Texas.
Amend Paragraph A, Section 15 to read:
There shall be seven divisions of the jurisdiction of the United Brotherhood,
and one member of the General Executive Board elected from each Division by
the members of said Division only.
*****
By Local Union No. 213, Houston, Texas.
Add to Paragraph I, Section 16, the following:
And in no case shall any part of the Home and Pension Fund be placed in
the General Fund except by referendum vote.
By Local Union 1529, Kansas City, Kansas.
Strike out in Paragraph A, Section 18, the words "Indianapolis, Indiana, or at
Lakeland, Florida," and add the following:
The Convention City shall be chosen by a majority of the ballots cast by the
delegates of the General Convention, in regular session.
* * * * *
By Local Union 40, Boston, Mass.
Amend Section 18, Paragraph E by inserting after the word "Convention" in
the third line the following:
All members shall be notified by mail to attend a meeting to act on the Con-
vention Call, and to vote for the Delegates and Alternates to be elected.
Local Union No. 921, Portsmouth, N. H., endorses the amendment to Section
18, Paragraph I proposed by Local Union No. 512, Ann Arbor, Mich., that the
mileage of delegates to and from the Convention be paid out of the General Fund
at a rate' of 4 cents per mile as published in the January, 19 46, issue of The
Carpenter on Page 47.
Endorsed by the British Columbia Provincial Council of Carpenters.
Approved by Local Union No. 1538, Miami, Arizona.
Approved by Local Union No. 951, Brainerd, Minnesota.
*****
By Local Union 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph C. After the word "members" in third line
insert:
Also ninety (90) cents per month for each member in good standing.
By Local Union 141, Chicago, 111.
1. Amend Section 44, Paragraph C, by inserting in the last sentence after the
word "members" "and one dollar ($1.00) from each monthly permit granted by
46 THE CARPENTER
a Local Union or District Council for which a fee is charged to be placed in a
special fund for 'Home and Pension' purposes." Paragraph C, Section 44 as amend-
ed will then read as follows:
Each beneficial Local Union shall pay to the General Secretary
$5.00 on each new member admitted, excepting apprentices and
honorary members, also Seventy-five Cents per month for each mem-
ber in good standing, Forty (40) cents of which shall be used as
a fund for the general management of the United Brotherhood and
payment of all death and disability donations prescribed by the Con-
stitution and Laws of the United Brotherhood, together with all
legal demands made upon the United Brotherhood. The balance of
Thirty-five (35) Cents, together with moneys received from new
members and one dollar ($1.00) from each monthly permit granted
by a Local Union or District Council for which a fee is charged to
be placed in a special fund for "Home and Pension" purposes.
Local Union No. 141 can think of no more worthy cause for which a portion
of each permit fee should be set aside.
2. Amend Section 46, Paragraph A, by striking out the last sentence and in-
serting "He shall not pay more than Two Dollars and Fifty Cents ($2.50) for a
monthly working permit." Section 46, Paragraph A, will then read as follows:
A member who desires to leave the jurisdiction of his Local
Union or District Council to work in another jurisdiction must sur-
render his Working Card and present his Due Book to the Financial
Secretary, who shall then fill out his Clearance Card and affix the
seal thereto. It shall be compulsory, except in case of strike or lock-
out, for the Local Union to issue said card, providing the member
has no charges pending against him and pays all arrearages, to-
gether with current month's dues. Said Clearance Card shall expire
one month from date of issue. It shall be optional with a Local
Union or District Council to issue Clearance Cards in a jurisdiction
where a strike or lockout is in effect. A member may leave such
jurisdiction without a Clearance Card to seek work in another juris-
diction where no strike exists, provided he presents a statement over
the Seal of the Local Union or District Council in which he holds
membership, showing that a strike or lockout is in effect in said
jurisdiction. He shall not pay more than Two Dollars and Fifty
Cents ($2.50) for a monthly working permit.
Local Union No. 141 feels that when a traveling member knows only a nominal
fee will be charged him for working in other jurisdictions plus the knowledge he
is helping the pension fund, that this will encourage said members not to clear out
of his home Local and to continue to support his home Local.
3. Amend Section 5 4, Paragraph C, eliminating Paragraph C in its entirety.
The present Paragraph D would then be identified as Paragraph C and the present
Paragraph E would then be identified as Paragraph D. Section 54 would then read
as follows:
A. A member shall not be less than 65 years of age to be eligible
to the Home or Pension.
B. A member shall hold continuous membership for not less
than thirty years.
C. The traveling expenses of a member whose application for
admittance to the Home has been approved by the proper authori-
ties shall be paid by the Local Union in which he holds member-
ship.
D. Members not wishing to avail themselves of the privilege of
entering the Home may apply for a Pension not to exceed $15.00
per month.
THE CARPENTER 47
Local Union No. 141 feels that by eliminating the present Paragraph C of
Section 54, a source of friction and a pauper clause will be stricken from our
Constitution.
*****
By Local Union 2163, New York, N. Y.
Amend Section 49, Paragraph C, last line to read:
Five years membership or more $500.00
*****
By Local Union No. 13 67, Chicago, 111.
Strike out $300.00 in last line of Paragraph C, Section 49 and insert $500.00.
By Local Union 213, Houston, Texas.
Add to Paragraph C, Section 49, the following:
Twenty years or more $500.00
*****
By Local Union No. 16 5 7, New York, N. Y.
Change, amend and add to the following sections and paragraphs. Section 49,
Paragraph C, to read:
Donations for Journeymen between the ages of 21 and 50 years
shall be
One year's membership $ 50.00
Two years' membership 150.00
Three years' membership 250.00
Four years' membership 350.00
Five years' membership 600.00
*****
By the Tri-State District Council of Carpenters — Ashland, Ky. ; Huntington, W.
Va.; Ironton, Ohio; and Portsmouth, Ohio.
Strike out Paragraph C, Section 54 of the General Constitution to the end
that there shall be no discrimination in the ranks of our membership.
*****
By Local Union 68 3, Burlington, Vt.
Eliminate Paragraph C of Section 54 of the General Constitution. We believe
any member who has met all the other requirements should receive the Pension
and there should be no discrimination.
*****
By Local Union 142, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Amend Section 54 to read:
Paragraph A. A member who has held continuous membership
for Thirty (30) years and becomes 65 years of age shall be entitled
to the Home and Pension.
Paragraphs B and C are to be eliminated and Paragraph D shall
become Paragraph B and read: The traveling expenses of a member
whose application for admittance to the Home has been approved
by the proper authorities shall be paid by the Local Union in which
he holds membership.
Paragraph E shall become Paragraph C and read: Members not
washing to avail themselves of the privilege of entering the Home
may apply for a Pension not to exceed ($20.00) Twenty Dollars per
month.
*****
By British Columbia Provincial Council of Carpenters.
Delete Paragraph C of Section 54 of our Constitution and Laws.
Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory.
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
%£&l x:
The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.
Brother E. J. AIKEN, Local No. 58, Chicago, III.
Brother SAMUEL APICELLA, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother H. C. CLAUSEN, Local No. 58, Chicago, 111.
Brother CHAMP CREWS, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.
Brother ALFRED DAHLQUIST, Local No. 58, Chicago, 111.
Brother J. F. DRENNAN, Sr., Local No. 213, Houston, Tex.
Brother OSCAR H. EPLING, Local No. 634, Los Angela*, Cal.
Brother ERHARD ERICKSON, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother ALTON FARLEY, Local No. 517, Portland, Me.
Brother ANTON (TONY) GIESER, Local No. 80, Chicago, 111.
Brother THEODORE W. GOODWIN, Local No. 305, Millville, N. J.
Brother ABRAHAM R. GRIFFIN, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.
Brother WILLIAM HALL, Local No. 2344, Merrill, Wis.
Brother EINO HOLD, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother FLOYD HOUCHINS, Local No. 1918, Richland, Va.
Brother ARTHUR M. HUGHES, Local No. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
Brother ANDREW G. JOHNSON, Local No. 545, Kane, Pa.
Brother ALBERT KRAHN, Local No. 1403, Watertown, Wis.
Brother GABRIEL LAVERATO, Local No. 143, Canton, O.
Brother EDWIN LINDQUIST, Local No. 787, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother W. McFALL, Local No. 93, Ottawa, Ont., Can.
Brother A. O. MILLER, Local No. 1890, Conroe, Tex.
Brother ALMA JAMES MILLS, Local No. 1620, Rock Springs, Wyo.
Brother EARL MOORE, Local No. 740, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother ANDREW NYGARD, Local No. 483, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother EDWARD J. PACKARD, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother FRANK PALMER, Local No. 88, Anaconda, Mont.
Brother CARL G. PETERSON, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cal .
Brother MORRIS PURDY, Local No. 90, Evansville, Ind.
Brother H. J. REHERMAN, Local No. 90, Evansville, Ind.
Brother J. J. REID, Local No. 90, Evansville, Ind.
Brother C. E. ROBINSON, Local No. 655, Amarillo, Tex.
Brother MARTIN SANDWELL, Local No. 44, Urbana, 111.
Brother HARRY M. SAWYER, Local No. 517, Portland, Me.
Brother JOHN SCHMIT, Local No. 58, Chicago, 111.
Brother OVID SICHARD, Local No. 710, Long Beach, Cal.
Brother CARL SPAETH, Local No. 2, Cincinnati, O.
Brother R. A. STILES, Local No. 545, Kane, Pa.
Brother ELMER F. STROUD, Local No. 190, Klamath Falls, Ore.
Brother PATRICK TAMMANY, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother RICHARD TROWN, Local No. 336, New York, N. Y.
Brother W. F. TUCK, Local No. 50, Knoxville, Tenn.
Brother ROBERT C. WATTS, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother THOMAS WHITE, Local No. 1511, Southampton, N. Y.
He u»lj0 lags btmm Ijia Hie in bei en&e ai & cause beemeb
{rg Ijxm in be ju&i ia, in il|£ ene& tit ($ab &nb man, a Ij^ra.
• • •
*
Brother William Prentice, Local No. 1307, Evanston, 111.
Brother Oscar Thompson, Local No. 2163, New York, N. Y.
* *
CorrQspondQncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
L. U. 1073 Honors Hero's Family
If Sergeant Edwin Thomas McQuillen, hero-father of Pennsylvania's
largest war-orphan family who was killed in the South Pacific only a year
ago, had been lucky enough to come back home, his membership in Local
1073, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, Philadelphia, to
which he belonged when he enlisted, would have been waiting for him.
The hope of McQuillen and his wife that he would return, and the
hopes of his nine children that they would again enjoy a father's love
Left to right: Julius Miller, President of Local 1073; Edward A. Kane, Vice
President, Pennsylvania State Federation of Labor; William H. Kern, State Direc-
tor of Labor Relations for the XJ.S. Treasury and Mrs. McQuillen.
and care, ended when a Jap bomb smashed the American transport on
which the 1896th Aviation Battalion Engineers, McQuillen's outfit, was
moving into action.
Last December, his widow who, with the children, is now the first
charge of Heritage of America, guidance and counsel group formed to
provide for these and other war orphans, met the union officers and
leaders who would have served her husband had he returned.
THE CARPENTER
51
At the headquarters of the Carpenters' Metropolitan District Council,
1803 Spring Garden St., Mrs. McQuillen, as Pennsylvania's No. 1 War
Widow, accepted, on behalf of Heritage, a $200 Bond, contributed by the
union men who might have been her husband's fellow workers.
In presenting the union's gift, Julius Miller, president of the local,
lauded the part union men had played in the war. "Our appreciation will
best be shown," said Miller, "by the continued purchase of Victory
Bonds. Our tribute will be to exceed the fine records made in previous
war loans."
Edward A. Kane, Vice President of the State Federation of Labor,
was also present to welcome Mrs. McQuillen. "The presentation of this
bond," Kane said, "is but a slight token of the deep sympathy we of the
State Federation of Labor feel toward the wives and families of all those
who fell in battle. Their problems, and the problems of all our returning
servicemen, are our deep and immediate concern. As we have carried on
in the past, for their sake we shall continue to do so in the future."
William H. Kern, State Director of Labor Relations for the U. S.
Treasury, appeared at the ceremony.
"I am pleased to welcome you into the Victory Loan Club through
Local 1073's presentation to you of a $200 Bond," said Kern. "Your story
will serve as an inspiration to all of us, and I believe that the magnificent
record of the AFL in past War Bond drives will be surpassed in this, the
Victory Loan," he concluded.
John J. Cregan, Secretary-Treasurer of the Carpenters' Metropolitan
District Council, was also at the presentation.
Mrs. McQuillen, in expressing her thanks, spoke of her husband's
great pride in belonging to the union. "His union card," she said, "was
one of his most precious possessions."
e
Macon Local Marks 58th Anniversary
In December of last year, Local
No. 144, Macon, Georgia, rounded
out its fifty-eighth year of existence
as a local union of the Brotherhood.
The occasion was marked with ap-
propriate ceremonies. General Ex-
ecutive Board member Roland
Adams attended the meeting as a
special guest. Present at the occa-
sion was J. W. E. Culpepper, only
remaining charter member of the
' union. During the evening he was
presented with a special gift. Pic-
tured at the left is H. R. String-
fellow, who acted as Master of
Ceremonies in the absence of Presi-
dent D. L. Stembridge, handing
charter member Culpepper the gift.
52 THE CARPENTER
Leavenworth, Kansas, Celebrates 57th Birthday
Leavenworth, Kansas, Local Union No. 499, celebrated its 57th anni-
versary December 18 by giving" a party for all members and their families
at the Christian church.
A turkey dinner with all the trimmings was served by women of the
church. One hundred and twenty-one members attended the affair. Many
were absent because of the unfavorable weather.
Entertainment for the party was furnished by Ernest Tinder and his
orchestra, with help by the "Lone Ranger." All members and guests were
thoroughly pleased with this annual party," said one of the officials at its
conclusion.
Master of ceremonies for the occasion was Virgil Mikesell. Present
officers of the union are: president, Easton DeFrees; vice-president, Asa
Pearson; financial secretary, Robert Moody; recording secretary, John
Whyte; treasurer, Harvin Schuman ; conductor, Herman Probst; warden,
Fred Spindler; trustees, Lea A. Humphrey, Albert Gladen, Earl Reynolds.
The committee on arrangements for the party were C. A. Dickson, Asa
Pearson, and Marvin Schuman.
•
West Hollywood Local Entertains Kiddies
The Editor:
Local 1052 of West Hollywood, California, gave a Christmas party on
December 22, 1945, for the members of the union and their children and
families. The Local's hall, 9014 Melrose Ave., was the scene of the
affair. Amid suitable decorations, a house full of children, together with
a goodly representation of the Local's membership, enjoyed a fine pro-
gram in keeping with the holiday season. Feature event was a Punch
and Judy show young and old enjoyed equally well.
Before the affair broke up, Santa Claus' deputy — in the person of
Brother Lindsay — appeared on the scene and distributed gifts and goodies.
All who attended voted the party an unqualified success.
Fraternally yours,
J. E. Knight, Rec. Sec.
•
Jack Gill, ITU Official, Passes Away
Funeral services were held in Indianapolis, Indiana, on Monday, De-
cember 31, for Jack Gill, General Secretary-Treasurer of the International
Typographical Union who passed away unexpectedly a few days previ-
ously.
Mr. Gill had served as Secretary-Treasurer of the International for
the past eighteen months. Previously he had served for several years as a
vice president of the International. He first joined the union in Provi-
dence, R. I., in 1910. Three years later he deposited his card in the
Cleveland union where he lived and worked at the trade until his eleva-
tion to an office in the International Union which necessitated his moving
to Indianapolis. As a delegate to several conventions of the American
Federation of Labor he made many friends in all parts of the nation.
Surviving are the widow, Mrs. Augusta Gill ; two sons, Jack, Jr., and
Paul ; and two brothers, Leo and Joseph Gill, Center Falls, R. I.
Carthage, Mo. Ladies Finish Active Year
The Editor:
Ladies Auxiliary No. 390 of Carthage, Missouri, is small but active.
We would like to extend greetings to the editor and readers of the The
Carpenter. We celebrated our 4th Anniversary on Saturday night, Octo-
ber 27, with a party in Carpenters Hall. Families of Auxiliary members
were guests. A pink and white tiered cake centered the table. Much of
the evening was devoted to music and the singing of old favorites. There
was Bingo and other games for those who cared to indulge. Later in the
evening cake and ice cream were served.
On Saturday night, December 22, the Carpenters of Local No. 1880
gave a fine Christmas party. The ladies of Auxiliary No. 390 gave their
assistance to make the affair a great success. About sixty attended.
Sandwiches, pickles, potato chips, pumpkin pie and coffee were served.
Roy Rogers very capably acted as Master of Ceremonies, introducing the
entertainers and speakers. All had a good time.
We have tried to back every worthy cause to the fullest extent of our
ability. We contributed to the March of Dimes and other projects. Two
baskets were contributed to needy families at Christmas time. Sick mem-
bers are remembered with cards.
All in all, we have been rather active and we hope to be able' to do
more in the future.
Fraternally yours,
Mrs. Bertha Herron, Rec. Sec.
Peace and Our Children
Whether the world is to have an enduring and a just peace is going to
depend in the long run upon what we do for the children, "not only our
own, but all children," Katharine F. Lenroot, Chief of the Children's Bu-
reau, U. S. Department of Labor, stated recently, in presenting a 12-point
program for community action in 1946 to assure to each child "the kind of
preparation for living that today's world demands."
"This Nation, as every other Nation," said Miss Lenroot, "must be con-
cerned now about the stamina of its people and their ability to climb the
long, uphill road leading to the realization of the aims for which this
war was fought. Behind all arrangements now being made, and especially
behind commitments for world security, will be the character, intelligence,
purpose and will of the men and women who make up the citizenship of
the nations.
54 THE CARPENTER
"The most important long-range issues that confront us today there-
fore have to do with our children and youth. The kind of homes in which
they are reared, the schools they attend, the communities in which they
live, the spirit and purpose of the Nation as a whole, those will determine
how well our responsibility to them, and to the Nation and the world, is
met."
Practical steps that communities can and must take in meeting their
responsibilities, as outlined by the Children's Bureau chief, call for:
i. Housing fit for children — "without this need met much of our
planning must come to nothing."
2. Prenatal clinics for all mothers and child health conferences
for all preschool children to give them a good start in life.
3. Health centers and hospitals for the whole community, well
built, staffed, and equipped to give good care to all mothers
and children.
4. Health programs for all school-age children and employed
youth, with medical, dental, and nursing service and health
education.
5. Nursery schools and kindergartens for preschool children.
6. Schooling for all children and youth, with good buildings and
equipment, well-paid teachers, full terms, and well-rounded
programs.
7. School lunches available to all school children with all chil-
dren treated alike — "through a good school lunch we can make
up to some extent for the inadequate diets many have."
8. Recreation programs for all ages.
9. Child-welfare services, well-staffed, and with adequate facili-
ties for children needing special care in their own or in foster
homes.
10. Day-care programs for children whose mothers are employed
and for all other children requiring care away from home dur-
ing the day.
11. Counseling and child-labor law enforcement to help boys and
girls prepare for what they want to do and find suitable jobs.
12. Good local government, mindful of the problems and needs of
children and youth, with opportunity for youth to share re-
sponsibilities.
"The job, of course, cannot be done by communities alone," Miss Len-
root added, "for community resources vary. State and Federal govern-
ments also have a responsibility, but the place to begin the job is where
the children are. Every community should have within it a group of citi-
zens officially entrusted with the responsibility for planning for its
children. They must be aware, also, of the needs of children the country
over, for no community can live to itself alone. What happens to children
anywhere has a direct relation to the future opportunity and well being
of all children everywhere in the Nation."
ARE YOU
to the
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Union people who do not boost union
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and unfair to themselves . . . because
union-made means well-made!
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56 THE CARPENTEU
IMPORTANT
The Federal Postoffice Department now requires
extra postal charges when they notify International
Headquarters of any change in address of members
on The Carpenter mailing list.
These changes are literally coming in by the hun-
dreds and the expense is a considerable item. This
expense can be avoided if all members use the form
below, to notify us of change of address. Just fill out
the form and drop it in the mail addressed to Editor,
The Carpenter, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis,
4, Ind.
This is an important matter and it is requested
that all members notify International Headquarters
of change of address IMMEDIATELY.
(Date) 19
Editor, The Carpenter, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis 4, Ind.
Please change niy address on Journal file.
From Street
City State .
To Street
City State
Name in full ! ,
L. U. No , City State
Fill out this blank if you have changed your address, paste it on
a one cent postcard and send to the General Office.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
{Copyrighted 1946) — H. H. Siegele)
LESSON 209
In the lesson of last month we were
dealing with filing saws, and as we
stated then, it is one of the most im-
portant lessons in this series. We are
repeating this here, because the carpen-
ter who can file his saws so that they
will give first class results, has gone a
long way toward becoming a master
mechanic.
In this lesson we are taking up tool-
sharpening tools. While the saw set is
not exactly a sharpening tool, it is a
tool that is used in connection with
sharpening saws, and therefore it makes
a good connection between the last
lesson and this one.
Fig. 1 shows a side view of a plier
grip saw set, giving the names of the
Anvil
these saw sets and like the plier grip a
little better than the pistol grip. But as
with other tools, when you are sure
you know what you want and like, buy
it.
The upper drawing of Fig. 2 shows a
three-cornered file in position for filing
a cross-cut saw. To the right we are
pointing out what is called the fleam
Fig. 1
Fis
of a saw tooth, also the space between
two teeth, called gullet. At the bottom
we have the same kind of file, where the
point, body and tang are pointed out.
A flat file in position for filing a big
cross-cut saw is show in the upper
drawing of Fig. 3. Only the points of
such saws should be beveled, as we
are showing. The round part at the
bottom of the gullet, pointed out with
different parts. These names, as a rule,
will apply to the different parts of saw
sets in general. While there are many
different kinds of saw sets, most of
them will fall into one of two classifica-
tions, plier grip saws sets or pistol
grip saw sets. Each of these two saw
sets has its advantages and its disad-
vantages. The pistol grip gives the
operator a better grip, because, as the
name implies, the handle resembles the
handle of a pistol. This makes it pos-
sible to operate the saw set without
twisting the arm out of its natural po-
sition. But when it comes to packing a
pistol grip saw set in a tool case, it is
cumbersome. We have used both of
Fig. 3
one of the joined indicators, is filed
straight across with a rat-tail file, such
as is pointed out with the other indica-
58
THE CARPENTER
tor. The part qf the tooth between the
round and the beveled parts is filed
straight across with a flat file.. All
three of these parts should be filed
proportionately the same at each filing-,
in order to hold the size and shape of
the teeth the same at all times.
A tool grinder is shown by Fig. 4.
This drawing is a sort of symbol of the
many different kinds of tool grinders
Handle
Fig. 4
that are in use, rather than any partic-
ular design. We are indicating the
tool rest, the stone and the handle
on the drawing.
Fig. 5 shows, at the top, a side view
of an oilstone, and at the bottom, a
Fig. 5
plan. Three different angles are shown
in the top drawing for sharpening tools
on an oilstone. Of course, the tool
should first be ground at a little sharper
angle before it is put on the stone,
as the drawing shows. The 40-degree
angle should be used for sharpening
bits for scrub planes and chisels that
are to be used for the roughest kind
of work, especially when nails or other
damaging objects are likely to be en-
countered. The 30-degree angle is per-
haps the most commonly used for bevel-
ed cutting tools, such as plane bits,
chisels, and so forth. The 20-degree
angle is suitable for plane bits, chisels
and even hatchets, when these tools are
to be used for cutting soft wood that
does not have knots or tough spots.
Tools sharpened to this angle should
not be used where damaging objects
might be hit, such as nails, brick and
so forth. When the unbeveled side of
the tool is put on the oilstone, it
should be flat on it as we are showing
to the right.
We have shown the three most prac-
tical angles to which beveled tools are
Flat Fil
Scraper
fljade
Fig. 6
sharpened. But it is obvious that there
are other angles to which such tools can
be sharpened, all of which are legiti-
mate whenever circumstances call for
them, — these, though, are some of the
things that the student must discover
between the lines.
In rubbing a tool on the oilstone,
care should be taken to keep it con-
stantly at the same angle, and the pres-
sure that is put on the tool should be
sufficient to cause the stone to cut
the metal at a maximum speed. The
strokes should run almost the full
length of the stone, making a slight
oval turn at the ends. Two things
THE CARPENTER
59
should be kept in mind in doing oil-
stoning. First, that you get the kind
of edge on the tool that you want;
and second, that the surface of the
oilstone "will be worn down evenly.
Short strokes running repeatedly over
the same place will wear hollow places
into the stone.
Fig. 6 shows three steps in filing a
scraper blade before using the burn-
isher on it. To the left is shown a part
of a flat file in position for filing the
main bevel, which is at a 30-degree
angle. At the center we have a cross
section of a file in position for filing a
slight bevel at the point at a 45-degree
Fig. 7
angle. To the right we have a- cross
section of the file in position for filing
off any wire edge that might have been
produced in making the bevels. The
small bevel at the point is shown exag-
gerated— all that is needed is a slight
bevel.
Fig. 7 gives a side view of a burn-
isher, such as is used for sharpening
scraper blades.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8 shows a scraper blade held in
a clamp, and three positions of the body
of the burnisher. After the filing is
done, as explained in Fig. 6, start to
rub the point with the burnisher in
position number 1, and gradually
change to position number 2, governing
the pressure according to the size of
hook you want — a large hook would re-
quire more pressure than a small hook.
Then with the point of the burnisher
rub the inside of the hook, holding it
in the position shown at number 3.
Now finish the sharpening by rubbing,
alternately, the inside of the hook with
the point of the burnisher and the out-
side of the hook with the body, de-
creasing the pressure with every stroke.
Fig. 9 shows exaggerations of a
scraper blade, in part, giving the four
steps in sharpening it that we have just
explained. Number 1 shows the first
bevel; number 2, by dotted line, gives
the angle of the second bevel; number
3, shows the hook formed by rubbing
the point with the burnisher, and num-
ber 4 shows how to put on the finish-
ing touches. The point of the burnisher
is shown in position for rubbing the
inside of the hook, while the dotted
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60
THE CARPENTER
line, a-b, gives the angle of the burn-
isher for rubbing the outside of the
hook in finishing the edge. As we ex-
plained before, the finishing touches
are made by alternately rubbing the
inside of the hook with the point of
the burnisher and the outside of the
hook with the body of the burnisher,
gradually decreasing the pressure.
Rubbing with the burnisher, first one
side and then the other side, slightly
bends the point of the hook with every
stroke, which hardens the steel. But
if this rubbing is kept up too long the
steel will crystalize, causing little chips
to break out, either while the rubbing is
done or when the scraper is used.
Thimble Gauge
By H. H. Siegele
Every carpenter has used what is
known as the finger gauge for making
short gauge marks; that is, the pencil is
held with the index finger and thumb,
while the other fingers are used for a
Fi'nyer Holes
Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the
thimble in the position for gauging,
with the hand and fingers removed. The
two finger holes are just large enough
so that the fingers will fit into them
snugly when the thimble is on. Fig. 2
gives another view of the thimble,
showing the position of the hand and
how the pencil is held. A notch should
be cut in the corner of the thimble,
just right for the pencil to fit into.
The thimble is made, as the reader
might have observed, of a block lxl
Fig. 2
about 3 inches long. The holes should
be bored before the block is cut to size,
in order to prevent splitting while the
boring is done. When the holes are in,
cut the block to the proper size and
shape.
KEEP The BONDS YOU Buy!
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guide and slip along the edge of the ma-
terial. This method is all right on smooth
material as long as only short gauge
marks are needed, but when long pieces
of material are to be gauged or mate-
rial that has rough edges, then it is
likely to either burn the finger tips or
injure them with slivers. All of which
can be avoided by using a thimble for
the fingers, which makes it possible to
gauge any lengths of material quickly
and accurately without injury to the
fingers.
H. H. SiEGELE'S BOOKS
QUICK CONSTRUCTION,— This book covers
hundreds of practical building problems, has 252 pages
and 670 illustrations. Price $2.
CARPENTRY,— Has over 300 pages, more than 750
illustrations, covering carpentry from staking out to
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BUILDING.— This book has 210 pages and 495
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Books will be autographed.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT,— Poetry, 64 pages, brown
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How to earn more money, is one question that interests men
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Measuring Tapes )
NOTICE
Tho publishers of "Tho Carpontor" roservo the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
ho, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brothorhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising space in "Tho Car-
penter," including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 64
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford,
111. 3
Heller Bros. Co., Newark, N. J. 62
Keuffel & Esser Co., Hoboken,
N. J. 63
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3
Master Rule Mfg. Co., New York,
N. Y. 62
Molly Corp., Detroit, Mich 3
Ohlen-Bishop Mfg. Co., Colum-
bus, Ohio 63
Paine Company, Chicago, 111 3rd Cover
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
The Celotex Corp., Chicago, 111. 4
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford
City, Ind 4th Cover
Overalls
The H. D. Lee Co., Kansas City,
Mo. 63
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111 63
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y.__3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111 : 1
Gateway Publishing Co., Chi-
cago, 111 61
Mason & Parrish, Engineers,
Kalamazoo, Mich. 59
D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 62
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 60
Tamblyn System,, Denver, Colo— 64
Tobacco Products
Brown & Wiliamson Tobacco Co.,
Louisville, Ky 55
KEEP THE MONET
IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Of ESTIMATING
If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $5.00,
and pay the balance of $25.00 at $5.00 per
month, making a total of $30.00 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Johnson Building C, Denver 2, Colorado
You can have a good steady, cash business
of your own reconditioning saws with the
Foley Automatic Saw Filer, which makes
old saws cut like new again. The Foley is
the ONLY Machine that files hand saws,
also band and circular saws. Easy to oper-
ate—no eyestrain.
SEND FOR FREE PLAN — Shows how to
start in spare time— no can-
vassing. Send coupon
today— no salesman
will call.
TQirttfafomZ: SAW FILER B
£ FOLEY MFG. CO. Minneapolis 13, Minn.
\ Send Free Plan on Saw Filing business — no
k obligation.
b. Name
Address
*-<+^AAAAAiAAAA**+ + AA+A*AAAAAAAA,k
Easy to read
black graduations
and large numer-
als. 12 inspections
and tests assure
top quality.
■ •■•■
•:
1 Selected
rock
1 maple
sti
:ks —
1 tough
and
flexi-
1 bl e .
Ses
led
1 against
moisture.
Stainless joints
and strike plates
— rust-p roof -
long wearing.
Stanley "Zig-Zag" Rules - accurate,
easy-to-read, handy-to-use. Look for *
the Green Ends.
STANLEY
STANLEY TOOLS
New Britain, Conn.
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
OH 1 1 Holes
in Masonry and Concrete
QUICKLY
CHEAPLY
vw«,PAIME
STAR DRILLS
75 f§i Excellent for Making
%j) Expansion Anchor Holes.
I ged from the finest tool steel to assure long satis-
I tory service. Hold their edge longer than other
I id drills and can be sharpened easily and often.
I nished in four point sizes.
•k Your Hardware Dealer and Write for Catalog.
THE PAINE CO.
'< 7 Carroll Ave. Chicago, Illinois
Offices in Principal Cities
\¥MIME
{fastening Dpuircc
md HANGING UlYILlJ
AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides
4vols.*6
Inside Trade Information
for Carpenters, Builders. Join-
ers. Building Mechanics and
all Woodworkers, Thess
Guides give you the ahon-cut
instructions that you want —
including new methods, ideas,
solutions, plans, systems and
money saving suggestions. An
easy progressive courBe for the
apprentice and student. A
practical daily helper and
Quick Reference for tho master
worker. Carpenters every-
where are using these Guides
ae a Helping Hand to Easier
Work. Better Work and Bet-
ter Pay. To get this assist-
-■- Ml
Inside Trade Information On:
How to use tho steel square — How to file and set
saws — How to build furniture — How to use s
mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How to use
rules and scales — How to make jointB — Carpenters
arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems^-Ea-
timating strength of timbers — How to set girders
and sills — How to frame houses and roofs — How to
estimate costs — How to build houses, barns, gar-
ages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw
plans — Drawing up specifications — How to ex-
cavate—How to use settings 12. 13 and 17 on the
steel square — How to build hoists and scaffolds—
skylights — How to build stairs — How to put on
interior trim — How to hang doors — How to lath-
lay floors — How to paint
THEO. AUDEL & CO., 49 W. 23rd St., New York City
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides. 4 vols., on 7 days' free trial. If O.K.
I will remit $1 in 7 days, and $1 monthly until $6 is paid. Otherwise I will return them'
Mo obligation unless I am satisfied.
Occupation.
Bclcrene*..
CAR
DOORS
FOR
INSTANT
S ER V ICE
Built of Sitka spruce, stronge
than steel of the same weight, Th
"OVERHEAD DOOR" with the Miracl
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fire stations and other structures wher
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Miracle Wedge, exclusive, patente
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TRACKS AND HARDWARE OF SALT SPRAY STE
Any "OVERHEAD DOOR" may be
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Sold and installed by Nation-
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OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION • Hartford City, Indiana, U. S. /
J^
MPENTE
FOUNDED 18 81
Ofltoia? Publication of tb-c
JNJTED BROTHERHOOD at CARPENTERS and .JOINERS ol AMERICA
MA RCH 1*4 6
PLAYING BOTH ENDS FROM THE CENTER,
02 CARPENTRY JOB
IS TOO TOUGH FOR YOU!
Gateway books help you do a
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time. That's the kind of help that
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Books show carpenters and appren-
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I. CARPENTRY CRAFT PROBLEMS. Written by H. H.
Slegele. This book contains over 300 pages and 700 illustra-
tions covering the solution of problems encountered by wood-
workers. Tool, fireproof construction, boxing win-
dow and door frames and estimating jobs
2. BUILDING— FORMS, STAIRS, ROOFS. This book is
a favorite of carpenters all over the country because it gives
principles of Kdof Framing, Setting Jambs, Flooring and
Floors, Foundation plans and details. Elevations and
tions, geometrical stairs, Balusters,, Roof Pitches,
Irregular plan roofs, etc. 495 illust. 210 pages.
3. QUICK CONSTRUCTION. Partial list of contents in-
clude: Platform problems. Special uses of tools. Job-made
tools, bridging and flooring problems, screens and mitering
mouldings, window frame problems. Flashing, Sills, Stools,
Porch and Stair problems. Carpenter made furniture. Ogee and
other cuts. Tricks of the trade, etc. Written by
H. H. Siegele. 250 pgs. 6T0 illust
4. MODERN HOMECRAFT. Modern furniture design, con-
struction and finishes. 240 pages with full 8 X 10 photo-
graphs, plus hundreds of detailed drawings and plans, with
estimates on approximate costs. Includes ideas on
designing your own furniture, etc
5. ROOF FRAMING by R. M. Van Gaasbeek, Pratt Insti-
tute. A thorough understanding is given of the principles
and application to practical work. Includes principles of roof
framing, framing a gable roof, roofs of equal pitch, dormers,
gambrel roofs, lengths of roof rafters, curved rafter roofs,
conic roofs, hopper bevels, rake and level mould-
ings, etc. 270 pages. 116 illust
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book you choose absolutely FREE.
6. MODERN CARPENTRY. 680 pages and over 600 illus-
trations tell and show how to do all types of jobs the cor-
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ambitious carpenters <!>2-jO
7. THE STEEL SQUARE. By Fred T. Hodgsen, 475 pages
and over 300 illustrations of complete information of the ap-
plications and uses of the Steel Square. The book is pro-
fusely illustrated with sketches which cover the a -
whole field of steel square practice <p2.00
8. HOME REMODELING. 528 pages, 319 illust., 12 tables
and 10 full size blueprints drawn to scale. An excellent book
for woodworkers who do a lot of this type of work because it
helps you give many new ideas and angles that produce
more work at better pay for you. This book is *_
complete in every detail VJ-OO
9. CONCRETE DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION. 508 page
and 251 illust. A new and enlarged edition of this practice
and popular "how-to-do-it" book dealing with all phases c
modern concrete work. Covers retaining walls, beam
designs, concrete columns, form construction, etc.
10. ESTIMATING FOR THE BUILDING TRADES. 62.'
pages, 310 illust., 44 tables. A complete book on the e8ti
mating of all material and labor costs for every phase c
the building trades for most types of buildings. Excellent fo
all carpenters and wood workers who figure their
own jobs. Saves many times the cost of the book.
$5-oc
$S.oc
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mar stnitt
Gateway Books are guaranteed to
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The GATEWAY BOOK CO., Dept. C-15
32 N. State — Chicago 2, Illinois
11. BLUE PRINT READING. Ill pages, 69 illust. A boo'
of instruction devoted to the reading of blue-prints for th',
building trades. Leaves nothing to doubt. Com-
plete, concise
1 2. MATHEMATICS. A mighty useful book on basic arith-
metic. Filled with sound help and problems.
Makes a good reference and "brusher- upper" book.
13. HOW TO MAKE RUSTIC FURNITURE. Hundreds
ideas and plans for making all types of rustic furni
ture for the home. Completely illustrated and
thoroughly described
■■CLIP THIS COUPON'
11.51
$2.5C
$2.0C
Gateway Book Co., Dept. C-15
I 32 N. State, Chicago 2, Illinois
Gentlemen: Please send me the books I've checked be-
low. I understand that if any of the books are not satis-
factory, I may return them and my money will be cheer-
fully refunded.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
I STREET
I CITY — STATE
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters1 Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Established in 1881
Vol. LXVI— No. 3
INDIANAPOLIS, MARCH, 1946
One Dollar Per Tea*
Ten Cents a Copy
— Con tents
Circumstances beyond our control have once more
made it mandatory for us to curtail the size of The
Carpenter. Owing to the extremely large number
of proposed changes to the Constitution scheduled to
come before the forthcoming convention, this issue
is devoted largely to official matter. The "In memo-
riam" page and many other regular features have
been necessarily omitted. They will be resumed again
next month or as soon as humanly possible.
As soon as labor and paper again become available
in adequate quantities, The Carpenter will go back to
the 64-page schedule. In the meantime, we ask your
kind indulgence.
The Editor.
COVER PHOTO
Topping a spar tree is one of the most spectacular and hazardous of
forest occupations. The tree topper has removed the branches on the way
up the tree and is now dropping its top to the ground. Rigged with cables,
this tree is to become the focal point of a surrounding logging operation.
Logs will be hauled to the "cold deck" and will be loaded aboard logging-
trains or trucks for transportation to mills.
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
ADDITIONAL
WAGES!
In these days of
increased building, little
jobs are still impor-
tant.
$
Additional wages may be
earned by installing Ideal
home and barn latches and
storm-sereen and basement ad-
justers. Easy to install, easy to
operate and trouble free. Ask
your dealer.
250 E. 5TH STREET
ST. PAUL 1. MINN.
For speed and efficiency, use a MallSaw from start to finish
on every carpentry job. It can be used for cross-cuttincr,
ripping and bevel cutting to 45 degrees on single and mul-
tiple units. Also operates an abrasive wheel for cutting non-
ferrous metal, cutting and scoring tile, stone and concrete.
Model 80 has 8" blade and 2'/2" cutting capacity; Model
128 has 12" blade and 416 " capacity. Both saws are avail-
able in two models for 110-volt AC-DC or 220-volt AC-DC.
MALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago Ave., Chicago, 19, III.
25 years of "Better Tools for Better Work".
YOUR
Rafter and Angle
Problems Solved
Quickly with
♦ Quickly figures rafter length. Gives
plumb line and notch cut angles for
common, hip or valley type rafters.
<► Adjusts to form handy try square in a
moment. Just set the movable protractor
arm. Rapidly solves odd angle problems.
Carpenters everywhe
revolutionary tool.
this low cost and
$
3
cefpl of check <
money order
IF YOUR DEALER CAN'T SUPPLY YOU
SEND TODAY
CORWELD SUPPLY CO.
•upply Uo. iLZb £>o. Hoover bt.
Los Angeles 37 California
No. 130A ''YANKEE" SPIRAL
RATCHET SCREW DRIVER
No. 990,,
YANKEE
WISE
"Yankee" Took have been in the thick
of this national production . . . doing
what the ingenuity of "Yankee" Tools
does faster, easier, and better. Now
that the war is over, we're working
toward the day when every workman
who wants "Yankee" Tools can have
them. In the meantime, take care of
your present "Yankee" Tools, and
keep asking your dealer for "Yankee"
by name. _ They've got what it takes
to save time, labor, and money on
countless jobs.
YANKEE TOOLS
make good mechanics better
North Bros. Mfg. Co., Ph.ifdV.33, U. S. A.
Established 1880
Mahers, also, of "Yankee-Handyman*' Tools
WO RIDS LOWEST PR I C E D
ADDING MACHINE
VEST POCKET SIZE
IDEAL FOR FIQURING JOBS
5 Year Guarantee |
Fits vest pocket or purse. Guaranteed
accurate. Operated as easily, and as
reliably as machines costing many
times as much. Not a toy. Substan-
tially made of 28-gauge steel — guar-
anteed for five years against defects
in construction. You positively cannot
buy a calculator of equal quality for
as little money. ACCEPTED AS
THE FINEST LOW PRICED CAL-
CULATOR FOR OVER 30 TEARS
Operates with a flick of your finger,
adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides —
counts up to ten million. Pays for
itself over and over in mistakes avoid-
ed, and time saved. MAKES IDEAL
GIFT.
Send tdoay . . . Satisfaction guaran-
teed or money returned. Only $2.50.
MAIL THIS COUPON TODAY!
Fredericks Sales Agency Dept.C-3
32 North State Chicago 2, Illinois
Gentlemen : Please send me a Baby Calculator
on your money back guarantee.
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY State
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertising matter which mar
be. In their Judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising apace In "The Car-
penter," Including those stipulated aa non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Adding Machine
Page
Fredericks Sales Ag., Chicago, 111. 4
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
E. C. Atkins; Indianapolis, Ind 4th Cover
Cornweld Sup., Los Angeles, Cal. 3
Carlson & Sullivan, Monrovia, Cal. 32
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. ' 32
Henry Disston & Sons, Phila-
delphia, Pa. 32
Ideal Brass Works, St. Paul,
Minn. 3
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3
Master Rule Mfg. Co., New York,
N. Y. 30
Millers Falls, Co., Greenfield,
Mass. 31
North Bros. Mfg. Co., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 4
Paine Company, Chicago, 111 3rd Cover
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
Plastic Wood, Jersey City, N. J. 31
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 31
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y.__3rd Cover
Gateway Publishing Co., Chi-
cago, 111. 1
Mason & Parrish, Engineers,
Kalamazoo, Mich. 30
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, . Kans 29
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo— 32
Tobacco Products
Brown & Wiliamson Tobacco Co.,
Louisville, Ky. 27
KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS
"Well Done" Says St Louis
Bearing the endorsement of not only the St. Louis District Council but of all
Council affiliates as well, the following resolution has been presented to The Car-
penter for publication. Accompanying the resolution was a letter from the St.
Louis District Council stating in part:
"We are enclosing herewith a resolution which was sponsored by the officers
of Local Union 47, and which was unanimously endorsed by the membership of
that Local at its regular quarterly called meeting in January.
"The resolution was then presented to the Carpenters' District Council where it
received the Council's unanimous endorsement with a motion prevailing that ill
be presented to all affiliated Local Unions and that the resolution, along with the
endorsements, be forwarded to the General Office to be printed in "The Carpenter."
"We are happy to advise that in addition to the Carpenters' District Council
we have letters from all the following Local Unions containing their unanimous
and unqualified endorsement of the sentiments expressed in the resolution: Local
Unions No. 5, No. 47, No. 185, No. 417, No. 602, No. 795, No. 1310, No. 1596, No.
1739, No. 1987, and No. 2119.
"We are, therefore, in keeping with the motion above mentioned, presenting
this resolution to your office with the request that same be printed in the next
issue of "The Carpenter."
RESOLUTI
WHEREAS, members of Local
Union No. 47 have been cognizant
of the continuous progress our or-
ganization has made through the
years. Local 47 was one of the first
Locals chartered by our Brother-
hood and has been in a strategic po-
sition to observe and take note of
the accomplishments as they oc-
curred through these years.
WHEREAS, there are many of
the older members still present who
bear witness to the fact that there
was a time when a carpenter
joined the Brotherhood he was im-
mediately discharged. They can tes-
tify to the fact that our organiza-
tion met resistance on every hand
and it was a struggle to overcome
the unfair labor practices in effect
in those days. But they proudly
point out that their organization
never gave up the struggle and a
progressive program was always in
effect. This manifestation of faith
in the Brotherhood, together with
the will and desire to improve, cre-
ated the solid foundation on which
our great organization was built.
WHEREAS, it has been stated
by those old timers who are remin-
iscent of yesteryear that our pres-
ent pinnacle of success exceeded
their fondest dreams and most op-
timistic expectations.
WHEREAS, Local No. 47 has
observed with keen interest the
slow but sure transition of our Bro-
therhood from a new untried organ-
ization to one of power and promi-
nence. The individual members, as
well as the Local as a unit, are
THE CARPENTER
proud of the high position our Bro-
therhood commands in the ranks of
Labor. We are conscious and just-
ly proud of the high degree of
respect afforded our organization,
both in and out of labor circles. We
are happy and proud in seeing our-
selves firmly established in the eco-
nomic field and being recognized as
an integral part of business and
government.
WHEREAS, new methods of
construction have come into being
since our inception and many new-
building materials commonly used
today were unknown when our Lo-
cal was chartered. Thus, a new peril
arose to confront the carpenters.
Our organization was faced with
the possibility of having our field
of operations narrowed, which in
turn would be economic ruin to the
membership at large. When the
members of Local 47 think and
compare what could have happened
to our trade with what it is today,
it gives us more cause to appreciate
our Brotherhood in a measure
greater than ever. Obviously, had
we not been organized the effect
of these substitute materials would
have been ruinous to the carpenter
trade.
WHEREAS, it was not an easy
matter to obtain recognition of our
jurisdictional claims to the fabrica-
tion of some of these new materials.
On the other hand we met with firm
resistance by other trades who in
turn were honest to some extent
in their demands, and could pro-
duce outstanding factors to substan-
tiate their claims. This formidable
challenge only brought forth a firm-
er stand by our organization.
WHEREAS, it was a struggle
from the word go for our Brother-
hood. Great credit is due those
who participated in this struggle.
We want to express our apprecia-
tion to the membership at large, to
the journeymen who went out in
the field and did a fair day's work
and a good job and conducted them-
selves in a fashion that won for the
organization the respect of the com-
munity as a whole.
WHEREAS, we take note of the
high standards the Local's officers
and Business Agents have set and
the confidence they have established
for the Brotherhood in the mind
of the public. All of which has in
part brought us to the fine condition '
we now enjoy.
WHEREAS, it is not our idea
to detract from others, but we are
aware of one factor so important,
but often overlooked by the mem-
bers at large, that a great deal of
credit is due to our General Officers
for the fine way they conducted the
affairs of our organization nation-
ally. We are grateful for the re-
lentless fight they waged to better
our trade and their effort to enlarge
our field of operations. We are
mindful of the position our or-
ganization commands in the Amer-
ican Federation of Labor. Particu-
larly so in the Building Trades De-
partment, and we fully realize that
it was our General Officers who
brought this about. We recognize
the full value of this unceasing ef-
fort on their part to increase our
jurisdiction and enlarge our field of
employment. All of which greatly
effects the economy of every mem-
ber of our organization.
WHEREAS, we know the tre-
mendous amount of time and effort
expended on their part to secure for
us the installation of transite and
other materials. We fully realize the
stubborn resistance they encoun-
tered while getting for us the han-
dling of machinery. We know of
the powerful organizations which
have waged a vigorous fight to take
THE CARPENTER
from us the erection of all ma-
chinery and we have watched with
pride as our General Officers par-
ried every blow and consistently
averted every effort made by the
machinists' organization to en-
croach upon our jurisdiction.
We have paid keen attention to
the manner in which they have so
ably represented us before the ju-
risdictional board of awards in the
Building Trades Department.
WHEREAS, these are only a few
of the many fine worthwhile things
our General Officers have accom-
plished for the Brotherhood. Their
good efforts are felt in all branches
of our trade. The full meaning of
this good work cannot be put into
words and the monetary value is
beyond measure.
WHEREAS, the members of Lo-
cal Union No. 47 appreciate the
value of the good work done by our
General Officers, the high standard
set by them, which we feel is the
governing factor to which can be
directly attributed our great suc-
cess.
THEREFORE, BE IT RE-
SOLVED, that the Local wishes
our General Officers continued suc-
cess in their line of duty and may
their good work and their everlast-
ing steadfastness in behalf of our
Brotherhood be a shining example
and an inspiration to all those who
work in the best interests of men
who follow our trade.
George Hankins, President
Theodore Muller, Vice-Pres.
Elroy Hemminghaus, Rec. Sec.
Walter Fisher, Fin. Sec.
LeRoy Lasley, Treasurer
Robert Wuench, Conductor
Carl Reiter, Warden
Joseph Kern, Trustee
Walter Boul, Trustee
Orville Hemminghaus, Trustee
MOST PEOPLE BELIEVE NEW WAR IS COMING
The belief that the U. S. will be engaged in another war in the next
25 to 50 years is steadily increasing, the National Opinion Research Center
announced recently as it made public the result of its latest poll on the
subject.
In November, 67 per cent of those polled — representing a cross sec-
tion of American adults — believed the country would be in another war
in 50 years; 44 per cent thought it would be in 25 years.
Only last March, the figures were 59 per cent for war in 50 years, 35
per cent for war in 25 years. A third poll last July gave results midway
between the March and November figures. "Typical" quotations from
those polled gave discovery of the atom bomb and biblical prophecies as
the reasons for expecting new wars.
SURPRISE! JOBS GETTING SCARCER
From labor shortages to unemployment — -that's the growing trend all
over the country as war veterans return in increasing volume, the U. S.
Employment Service reported last month.
Its report showed that from November to December, the number of
industrial areas with "large-scale unemployment" jumped from 11 to 18,
while those with a tight labor supply dropped to 4.
Others either had a "balanced" supply, or had developed surpluses
which are not yet severe, the service declared.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis,. Ind.
First General Vice-President General Sbcretart
M. A. HUTCHESON FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President General Treasurer
JOHN R. STEVENSON -S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr. Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
111 E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y. 631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 10348J Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZEB Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3684 W. 136th St., Cleveland, O. 1182 St. Lawrence, Rm. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
712 West Palmetto St., Florence. S. C. FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
SPECIAL NOTICE
To the Delegates to the 25th General Convention:
Remember that the 25th General Convention of the United Brotherhood
of Carpenters and Joiners of America will be held at our Home, Lakeland,
Florida, beginning Monday, April 22, 1946, and continuing in session from
day to day until the work coming before it has been completed.
Credentials have already been sent to all Delegates elected. They must
be filled out in detail and be signed by the President and Recording Secre-
tary of your Local Union and the Seal must be affixed. The Original Cre-
dential must be held by the Delegate and presented to the Credential
Committee at the New Florida Hotel, Lakeland, Florida, either on Satur-
day, April 20, or Sunday, April 21, 1946.
The Duplicate Credential must be sent to the General Secretary with-
out delay, addressed to him at the General Office, Carpenters' Building,
222 E. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Indiana. Please comply with these
instructions and oblige.
Fraternally yours,
FRANK DUFFY, General Secretary.
THE CARPENTER 9
REGULAR MEETING OF THE GENERAL EXECUTIVE
BOARD
Lakeland, Florida
Carpenters' Home
February 6, 1946
The General Executive Board met in regular session at Carpenters' Home,
Lakeland, Florida, on February 6, 19 46. All members present.
A committee of three, consisting of Maurice Hutcheson, First General Vice
President; R. E. Roberts, General Executive Board Member, Fifth District, and
Harry Schwarzer, General Executive Board Member, Third District, was appointed
to wait on the Lakeland Chamber of Commerce to complete arrangements for the
holding of our Twenty-fifth General Convention to be held in Lakeland, Florida,
beginning Monday, April 22nd, 1946.
Consideration was again given the request of the Central California District
Council of Lumber Handlers to condense the Withdrawal Card to a more conveni-
ent size, after which it was laid over for further consideration.
The General President appointed the following committees:
Inspection of Rooms at Home: Frank Duffy
Arthur Martel
S. P. Meadows
Inspection of Stock and Supplies: M. A. Hutcheson
Harry Schwarzer
R. E. Roberts
Balance of the members of the Board to audit the books and accounts of the
Home.
Communication received from Secretary-Treasurer Cregan of the Metropolitan
District Council, Philadelphia, Pa., to the effect that the Central Labor Union of
Camden, N. J., appointed a committee with the object in view of erecting a memo-
rial to P. J. McGuire. The Father of Labor Day, along with a biography of McGuire
drafted by a publicity and advertising agency which the Central Labor Union
approved, and after due deliberation and consideration the Board finds that the
biography does not give the honor and respect to P. J. McGuire that he deserves
and is entitled to. In fact his work in the Labor Movement we consider slighted.
The Board, therefore, decided to refer the matter to the General President for
suitable reply as the whole proposition carries with it the impression that it is a
money making affair.
Appeal of Local Union 1905, Centre, Alabama, from the decision of the Gen-
eral President in the jurisdiction dispute between said Local Union and Local
Union 13 71 of Gadsden, Alabama, on the Collinsville job, was carefully considered,
after which the decision of the General President was sustained on the grounds set
forth therein and the appeal was dismissed.
Audit of Books and Accounts of the Home commenced.
$ ;]: $ $ :&
Audit of Books and Accounts of the Home continued.
Audit of Books and Accounts of the Home continued.
February 7, 1946
February 8, 1946
February 11, 1946
February 12, 1946
Audit completed and all transactions found correct.
Appeal of Local Union 2010, Anna, Illinois from the decision of the General
President in the case of W. A. Eastman versus Local Union 2010 was carefully
considered, after which the decision of the General President was sustained on
grounds set forth therein and the appeal was dismissed.
10 THE CARPENTER
Appeal of John North, a member of Local Union 1620, Rock Springs, Wyoming,
from the decision of the General President in the case of said Brother versus
Local Union 16 20 was acted upon. The decision of the General President was sus-
tained on grounds set forth therein and the appeal was dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 1712, Bicknell, Indiana, from the decision of the General
Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Elmer Shilkett, a former member of
said Local Union, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at the time of
death, was considered, after which the decision of the General Treasurer was sus-
tained and the appeal dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 79 2, Rockford, Illinois, from the decision of the General
Treasurer in disapproving the disability claim of Henry Knott, a member of said
Local Union, for the reason that his disability was not the result of accidental in-
juries, was carefully considered, after which the decision of the General Treasurer
was sustained and the appeal was dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 2321, Benton, Arkansas, from the action of the Gen-
eral Treasurer in only allowing $150.00 donation on death of Hubert Parker a
former member of said Local Union as he had held membership less than four
years, was acted upon, after which the action of the General Treasurer was sus-
tained and the appeal was dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 1456, New York City, New York, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disallowing the death claim of Lorenzo Ferrari a former
member of said Local Union, was referred back to the General Treasurer for
further investigation.
Appeal of Local Union 1993, Crossville, Tenn., from the decision of the General
Treasurer in disapproving the disability claim of Harvey B. Gist a member of said
Local Union, for the reason that the claim was not filed with the General Office
within two years as the law provides in Paragraph B, Section 51 of our General
Laws. The decision of the General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal was
dismissed.
Appeal of Local. Union 885, Woburn, Massachusetts, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Harold R. Cullivan a former
member of said Local Union, for the reason that he was not in beneficial standing
at the time of death, was carefully considered, after which the decision of the
General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 2404, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from the
decision of the General Treasurer in disallowing the disability claim of Peter
Johnson a member of said Local Union for the reason that he was not totally and
permanently disabled as our laws provide, was carefully considered, after which
the decision of the General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 2, Cincinnati, Ohio, from the decision in disallowing the
death claim of Harley F. Cook a former member of said Local Union was referred
back to the General Treasurer for further investigation.
*****
February 13, 1946
The committee appointed to wait on the Lakeland Chamber of Commerce to
make arrangements for the successful holding of our convention reported that the
Chamber of Commerce will co-operate and assist in every way possible to satisfy
all our requirements.
The Committee was directed to continue conferences with the Chamber of
Commerce.
Los Angeles District Council of Carpenters request for financial aid for organ-
izing purposes for millmen was referred to the General President.
Request of the Labor Committee of the U. A. W. for financial aid for the G. M.
strikers was referred to the General President.
February 14, 19 46
New evidence having been submitted in the disapproved death claim of Anton
Jecmen a former member of Local Union 178 6, Chicago, Illinois, the case was
THE CARPENTER 11
referred back to the General Treasurer to be reopened, investigated and acted
upon.
The General President appointed Board Members:
Wm. J. Kelly, 2nd District
Harry Schwarzer, 3rd District
R. E. Roberts, 5th District
to draft the reports of the General Executive Board and the Board of Trustees
for submission to the Twenty-fifth General Convention.
It was decided that the Twenty-fifth General Convention of the United Brother-
hood of Carpenters and Joiners of America be held in the Auditorium of our Home
at Lakeland, Florida, beginning Monday morning, April 22, 1946.
February 15, 19 46
It was decided to invite John L. Lewis, President of the United Mine Workers
of America to address the Convention at his convenience some time during the
sessions of the Convention.
The following telegram was received from President Green of the American
Federation of Labor:
"The Anti-Labor Case Bill which was recently passed by the
House of Representatives is now pending with Senate Committee of
Education and Labor. Urge you wire Senator Murray, Chairman of
said Committee, insisting that full and complete opportunity be ac-
corded Labor to appear in opposition to said Bill and insist that
representatives of your organization be accorded an opportunity to
interpose your opposition to said Legislation. Please respond to this
request as quickly as possible."
The request was ordered complied with.
The General President reported to the Board on the progress being made by
attorneys handling the matter of recovering losses sustained by the Brotherhood
in the case of Local Union 101.
The General President submitted a communication he received recently from
Local Union 101, Baltimore, Maryland, along with his reply thereto relative to
the death claim of John Bode. The Board approves the action of the General
President in this case.
The General Executive Board considered the resolution by Local Union 101,
Baltimore, Maryland, on November 26, 1945, copy of which was received by the
Board members, and the reply of the General President thereto. The Board con-
curred in and approved of the reply of the General President.
There being no further business to be considered the Board adjourned to meet
in Lakeland, Florida, prior to the opening of the Convention.
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary.
INFORMATION REGARDING SERVICE MEN
When making inquiries regarding members or prospective members who have
served in the armed forces, it is imperative to set forth in your letter the date of
induction and, particularly, date of discharge, or attach copy of discharge papers.
This will avoid unnecessary correspondence and result in an early reply from the
General Office. We also call your attention to a G. E. B. ruling that states:
"The question of men in the Service of the United States or
Canada over the age limit of apprentices, or those who have not
completed their apprenticeship before entering the Service, was care-
fully considered, after which it was decided that these men on pres-
entation of an Honorable Discharge be admitted to the Brotherhood
as apprentices without the payment of an Initiation Fee subject to
the acceptance by the Local Union of their applications."
12 THE CARPENTER
Proposed Changes to our Constitution and Laws
By Local Union No. 2212, Newark, N. J.
Enter in the Constitution on Page 5, under "Trade Autonomy," Section 7,
Paragraph A, 6th line, after the words Cork, Compo, Linoleum Asphalt, Rubber,
1*15181108 and Carpets in Sheets, Squares, Inter-locked or Rolled; the Fitting of all
Metal Edgings; the Sewing and Binding of Carpets; the Spreading of all Types of
Pastes and Adhesives to receive the above materials.
That Section 7, Paragraph B, 8th line, after the word "Builder" be changed to
read "Wood Floor Layers, Linoleum, Rubber, Asphalt Tile, Plastics, Carpet Lay-
ers, and Carpet Sewers."
By Local Union No. 101, Baltimore, Md.
Amend Section 9, Paragraph B, which reads in part: "The names of all nomi-
nees for General Officers shall be referred to the members of the United Brother-
hood for referendum vote and etc." to read as follows:
"The names of all nominees for General Officers except the Executive Board
members, shall be referred to members of the United Brotherhood for referendum
vote. The Executive Board members to be voted on by the members in the division,
only, where the Executive Board member is to serve, and nominee receiving a
plurality vote of the members voting shall be declared elected, etc."
The General Secretary must forward to each Local Union an itemized report
of all receipts and expenditures "annually."
*****
Submitted by Local Union No. 1072, Muskogee, Okla.
Change Section 9, Paragraph "C", Page 7, to read:
"Election returns to be counted by the Tabulation Committee must be received
at the General Office not later than date designated by the General Executive
Board when place and date of convention shall have been decided. The Tabulation
Committee shall report in writing to the General President their findings of all
votes east by Locals for each candidate, and the candidate receiving a plurality of
all legal votes east shall be declared elected and shall hold office for a term of four
years, commencing April 1st, 1945, and continuing thereafter every four years, or
until their successors are duly chosen and qualified. A full accounting of each
Local Union's vote shall be published in pamphlet form and distributed to all
Local Unions in the same manner as the monthly Financial Statement."
Change Section 9, Paragraph "D", Page 7, to read:
"Election of all officers shall be held within sixty (60) days after the Conven-
tion, and installed within ninety (90) days thereafter. All members must be noti-
fied by first-class mail of the time and place of such election. Ballots for the elec-
tion shall be mailed to each Local Union at least twenty (20) days preceding the
week of the election."
*****
By Local Union No. 514, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Amend Section 13 under the heading General Secretary. Add new paragraph
"I" to read as follows:
"He shall compile statistics quarterly as to the name and address of each Re-
cording and Financial Secretary and Business Agent of all Local Unions, District
Councils, State and Provincial Councils, and he shall furnish each Local Union,
District Council, State or Provincial Council with two copies of same."
*****
By Local Union No. 161, Kenosha, Wis.
A new section be added to the Constitution of this organization to read as
follows:
"The mileage expense of all duly elected delegates to the General Convention
of this Brotherhood shaU be paid out of the General Fund of the organization,
THE CARP EXTER 13
plus ten dollars per diem for every day the said delegate is present at the sessions
or on business for the Convention.
"The General Officers shall take the proper steps to provide the necessary funds
to complete the intent of this resolution."
By Local Union No. 1540, Kamloops, B. C, Can.
Endorses change submitted by Local Union 512, Ann Arbor, Mich., which
provides:
"That the General Treasurer shall pay out of the General Fund, transportation
expenses, not to exceed four cents per mile, each way, of all delegates entitled to
seats, and attending the General Convention. Mileage shall he computed over the
shortest route over which a ticket for a continuous passage can be purchased. All
other legitimate expenses to be defrayed by the Local Union they respectfully
represent."
By Local Union No. 13 46, Vernon, B. C, Can.
Concurs in change submitted by Local Union 512, Ann Arbor, Mich.
By Local Union No. 1735, Prince Rupert, B. C, Can.
Amend constitution to provide that:
"The General Treasurer shall pay out of the General Fund transportation ex-
penses, not to exceed four cents per mile each way, of all delegates entitled to
seats and attending the General Convention. Mileage shall be computed over the
shortest route over which a ticket for continuous passage can be purchased. All
other legitimate expenses to be defrayed by the Local Union they respectfully
represent."
Under Section 54, Paragraph C of our Constitution and Laws of our Brother-
hood, an applicant for the Pension may be denied such unless he is able to prove
he is unable to provide for himself a livelihood. Our General Convention should
give serious consideration to this question, and take steps to have our Constitution
amended. Thirty years' continuous membership necessary for our members to
qualify for the Brotherhood Pension should be all that is necessary.
"We propose Paragraph C of Section 54 of our Constitution and Laws be
deleted.
* •:< * * *
By Local Union No. 16 3 8, Courtney, B. C, Can.
The amendment by Local Union 5,12 of Ann Arbor, Mich., concerning amending
Section 18, Paragraph I was endorsed by our Local at last regular meeting.
The amendment by Local Union 829, Santa Cruz, Cal., concerning Section 49,
Paragraph C, likewise.
$ % :$ $ #
By Local Union 19 63, Toronto, Ont., Can.
That all elected delegates attending General Conventions, called by Head-
quarters be paid two cents per mile return fare from the General Fund of our
Brotherhood.
That the retiring age for all officers employed and paid by our Brotherhood be
70 years of age.
* * * * *
By Local Union 513, Port Alberni, B. C, Can.
That the General Treasurer shall pay out of the General Fund transportation
expenses, not to exceed four cents per mile each way, of all delegates entitled to
seats and attending the General Convention. Mileage shall be computed over the
shortest route over which a ticket for continuous passage can be purchased. All
other legitimate expenses to be defrayed by the Local Unions they respectfully
represent.
*****
By Local Union No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.
That an additional five (5c) cents per month per capita shall be levied on all
14 THE CARPENTER
Locals of the United Brotherhood to establish a special Convention Fund to defray
traveling and hotel expenses of delegates to the General Convention.
That all expenses incurred in the administration of such a Fund shall be
charged against said Fund.
*****
By Local Union No. 158 7, Hutchinson, Kan.
That future Conventions be held in some city near the Geodetic center of the
North American Continent.
* * * * *
By Local Union No. 36, Oakland, Cal.
That Paragraph A, Section 18, be amended by striking out the words "Lakeland
Florida," and adding the following: "Or any other centrally located city chosen by
a majority vote of the ballots cast by the delegates to the General Convention in
regular session."
* * * * *
By Local Union No. 1380, Bedford, Ind.
That all future Conventions be held in Indianapolis, Ind.
*****
By Local Union No. 58, Chicago, 111.
Strike out the words "Or at Lakeland, Florida," in Paragraph A, Section 18.
That Paragraph A, Section 54 shall read: "A member shall not be less than
65 years of age except when he, due to accident or sickness, becomes unable to earn
a livelihood to be eligible to the Home and Pension."
That Paragraph C, Section 54 be eliminated.
That the Home and Pension assessments be increased to sixty cents (60c) a
month instead of thirty-five cents (35c).
That Pension payments shall be increased not to exceed twenty-five dollars
($25) per month.
*****
By Local Union No. 302, Huntington, W. Va.
That Article A, Section 18, be changed to read as follows:
"The United Brotherhood shall meet in General Convention quadrennially in
September in Indianapolis, Indiana, or some place designated by the General
Executive Board which is most centrally located for the convenience of the mem-
bers of the United Brotherhood, and the Board shall provide a suitable place for
holding such conventions."
*****
By Local Union No. 286, Great Falls, Mont.
Amend Section 18, Paragraph A to read as follows:
"The United Brotherhood shall meet in General Convention quadrennially in
September, at such place as may be selected by the delegates convening; on a date
set by the General Executive Board, and the Board shall provide a suitable place
for holding such convention.
"The General President, General Secretary and General Treasurer shall act as
the Committee on Credentials one day in advance of the Convention."
:jc :J: %. ■%. %
By Local Union No. 27, Toronto, Ont., Can.
That all future conventions be held at Indianapolis, Indiana, or some other
more central location; such place to be decided upon by the delegates in attendance
at the General Convention.
By Local Union No. 185, St. Louis, Mo.
That in Section 18, Paragraph A, in the third line, the words "Lakeland, Flor-
ida," be stricken and the words "some midwestern city" be placed therein.
* * * * *
By Local Union 2205, Wena tehee, Wash.
Paragraph A, Section 18 be amended to read as follows:
THE CARPENTER 15
"The United Brotherhood shall meet 'in General Convention quadrennially.
Each Convention shall set the time and select the place in which the next conven-
tion shall be held. The General Executive Board shall provide a suitable place
for holding such Convention, and the General President, the General Secretary and
the General Treasurer shall act as a Committee on Credentials one day in advance
of the Convention."
*****
By Local Union No. 1529, Kansas City, Mo.
Change Section 18, Paragraph A, of our General Laws by striking out the
words "Indianapolis, Indiana, or Lakeland, Florida," and add the following:
"The Convention City shall be chosen by a majority of the ballots cast by the
delegates of the General Convention in regular session."
By Local Union No. 61, Kansas City, Mo.
That Paragraph A, Section 18 of the General Constitution be amended to read
as follows:
"The United Brotherhood shall meet in General Convention biennially on the
third Monday in September, in a city designated by the previous convention, and
the General Executive Board shall provide a suitable place for holding such Con-
vention. A Credentials' Committee, three members of which shall be members of
the Brotherhood at large, shall be appointed by the General President and shall
meet one day in advance of the Convention."
That Paragraph A of Section 15 of the General Constitution be amended to
read as follows:'
"There shall be seven divisions of the United Brotherhood, and one member
of the General Executive Board shall be elected from each division, by the mem-
bers of said division."
*****
By Local Union No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Strike out Paragraph I, Section 18 and insert the following:
"The General Office shall allow every delegate $15.00 per diem for time nec-
essarily spent in going to, and from the Convention, and transportation rates, in-
cluding sleeping car accommodations, by the shortest route; and $15.00 per diem,
including Sundays, for the duration of the Convention. No other appropriation
from the General Funds shall be made in favor of the delegate."
Section 44, Par. C pages 37 and 38, Lines 3 and 4, Page 37 and Lines 10 and
11, Page 3 8.
Change Seventy-five on line 3 and figures (75c) on line 4 on page 37 and the
word Thirty-five on line 10, and the figures (35c) on line 11, page 38 to read
Ninety and (90c) on lines 3 and 4, Page 37, and lines 10 and 11, page 38 to
read as follows:
"Each beneficial Local Union shall pay to the General Secretary $5.00 on each
new member admitted, excepting apprentices and honorary members, also Ninety
(90c) Cents per month for each member in good standing, Forty (40c) Cents of
which shall be used as a fund for the general management of the United Brother-
hood and payment of all death and disability donations prescribed by the Consti-
tution and Laws of the United Brotherhood, together with all legal demands made
upon the United Brotherhood. The balance of Fifty (50c) Cents, together with
moneys received from new members, to be placed in a special fund for "Home and
Pension" purposes."
Section 49, Par. C, page 43 Line 7, Five years membership or more, strike out
"or more," and add as follows: Ten years membership, $400.00, Twenty years
membership or more $500.00, so as to read:
Donations for journeymen between the ages of twenty-one and fifty years
shall be:
One year's membership $ 50.00
Two years' membership 100.00
Three years' membership ISO. 00
16 THE CARPENTER
Four years' membership 200.00
Five years' membership 300.00
Ten years' membership 400.00
Twenty years' membership or more 500.00
Wife's Funeral Donation: Sec. 50, Par. D Line 4, Page 44 Three years or more,
strike out "or more" and add the following: Four years' membership or more
$100.00 so as to read:
The wife donation shall be:
One year's membership $35.00
Two years' membership 50.00
Three years' membership 75.00
Four years' membership or more 100.00
Section 54, Page 47, Line 1, Par A. Paragraph A, on line 1 strike out 65 and
insert 60, so as to read:
"A member shall not be less than 60 years of age to be eligible to the Home
or Pension."
Section 54, Page 47, Paragraph C. Strike out entire Paragraph O and insert
the following:
"All members shall be entitled to the Home and Pension regardless of their fi-
nancial standing."
Section 54, Page 47, Paragraph E, line 3 strike out "to exceed" and substi-
tute less, so as to read:
"Members not wishing to avail themselves of the privilege of entering the Home
may apply for a Pension not less than $15.00 per month."
*****
By Local Union No. 1529, Kansas City, Kan.
Amend Section 26, Paragraph A, by adding the following:
"And shall designate one Local Union of any existing or future District Council
as a Millwright Local or direct that a Millwright Local be organized."
Amend Section 13, Paragraph B, by adding after the word "Unions" the follow-
ing:
"Including all Jurisdictional Decisions and results of appeals of said decisions
as rendered by the National Building Trades Department or National Referee."
% ^ % # sfc
By Local Union No. 1888, New York, N. Y.
Add a paragraph to Section 26 of the General Laws to read as follows:
"Any Local Union which is financially capable and able to maintain a Business
Agent shall be permitted to do so."
Amend Section 54, Paragraph B, to read as follows:
"A member shall hold membership for not less than twenty-five years."
Amend Section 54, Paragraph E, to read as follows:
"Members not wishing to avail themselves of the privilege of entering the
Home may apply for a Pension not less than thirty dollars ($30) per month."
Local Union No. 18 88 endorses the Resolution of Local Union No. 82 9, Santa
Cruz, Cal., on Sections 49-50-51 and 52 of the General Laws.
4> JJC )Jc s£ ■$
By Local Union No. 286, Great Falls, Montana.
That the word "obligatory" be removed from Section 2 7, Par. A of jurisdiction
of State and Provincial Councils, and be replaced by the word "mandatory."
^ * % % #
By Local Union No. 15 39, Chicago, 111.
Amend Paragraph B, Section 31, of the General Constitution so that it will
read:
"All officers shall serve for a term of four years, or until their successors are
elected, qualified and installed, with the exception of the Trustees, who shall be
elected in such a manner that the term of one Trustee shall expire annually.
Neither the President, Treasurer, Financial Secretary nor Recording Secretary
can act as Trustee."
THE CARPENTER 17
Amend Paragraph B, Section 7 of the General Constitution so that it may read
as follows:
"Our claim of Jurisdiction therefore extends over the following divisions and
sub-divisions of the trade: Carpenters and Joiners, Railroad Carpenters, Bench
Hands, Stair Builders, Millwrights, Furniture Workers, Shipwrights, and Boat
Builders, Reed and Rattan Workers, Ship Carpenters, Joiners and Caulkers, Cab-
inet Makers, Box Makers, Bridge, Dock and Wharf Carpenters, Car Builders, Floor
Layers, Floor Surfacers and Sanders, Underpinners and Timbermen, Pile Drivers,
Shorers and House Movers, Loggers, Lumber and Sawmill Workers, and all those
engaged in the running of Woodworking machinery, or engaged as helpers to any of
the above divisions or subdivisions or the handling of material on any of the above
divisions or subdivisions. When the term "Carpenter and Joiner" is used, it shall
mean all the subdivisions of the trade as herein specified."
% :*: ^: sj: %
By Local Union No. 10 37, Marseilles, 111.
Paragraph B, Section 31 of our General Constitution be amended to read as
follows:
"All officers shall serve for a term of four years (4 years) ."
sfc :£ jH s|: 4:
By Local Union No. 154, Kewanee, 111.
That Section 31, Article B, be amended to read as follows:
"All officers of all subordinate bodies shall be elected for a term of four years
or until their successors are elected, qualified and installed, with the exception of
the Trustees, who shall be elected in such a manner that the term of one Trustee
shall expire each elective term. Neither the President, Treasurer, Secretary, Finan-
cial nor Recording Secretary can act as trustee."
*****
By Local Union No. 329, Oklahoma City, Okla.
Section 31, Paragraph A, to he amended as follows:
"The officers of a Local Union shall be a President, Vice President, Recording
Secretary, Business Agent, Financial Secretary, Treasurer, Conductor, Warden,
and Three Trustees.
Seven members shall constitute a quorum.
Section 31, Paragraph B, to be amended as follows:
"All officers shall serve for a term of one year, or until their successors are
elected, qualified and installed, with the exception of the Business Agent, Finan-
cial Secretary, and the Trustees. The Business Agent and Financial Secretary
shall be elected for a term of two years, the Trustees shall be elected in svich a
manner that the term of one Trustee shall expire annually. Neither the President,
Treasurer, Business Agent, Financial Secretary nor Recording Secretary can act
as Trustee." »
Add to the Constitution, to read as follows:
"General Office to keep all Local Unions abreast of all orders, laws, mandates
that affect the welfare of the membership of the Building and Construction Trades,
and furnish annually a complete roster and addresses of officers of all International
affiliates." *****
By Local Union No. 2317, Bremerton, Wash.
That that part of Section 31, Paragraph D, of the General Constitution of the
United Brotherhood that reads "And has been twelve months a member in good
standing of the Local Union prior to nomination, unless the Local Union has not
been in existence the time herein required" be stricken out and the following
substituted: "And has been twelve months a member in good standing of the Local
Union prior to nomination, or a member of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners of America for three years immediately prior to nomination, unless
the Local Union has not been in existence the time herein required."
# % :}: * *
By Local Union No. 1587, Hutchinson, Kan.
That the sentence "Honorary Members are not eligible to hold office" he de-
leted from Section 31, Article D.
That the words "Nor shall they be representatives of their Local Union to any
other body" be deleted from Section 42, Article D.
IS THE CARPENTER
By Local Union No. 1715, Vancouver, Washington.
Section 40, Paragraph C, to be amended as follows:
"The Trustees shall audit all books and accounts of the Financial Secretary
and Treasurer and examine the bank book of the Treasurer QUARTERLY and
see that it is correct. Or, all books and accounts of Financial Secretary and Treas-
urer audited by a Certified Public Accountant quarterly and report to the Local
Union, such audits to be read and examined by Local Union, and semi-annually
to be sent to the General Secretary on blanks supplied from the General Office,
and shall see that the Financial Secretary and Treasurer are bonded through the
General Office, or through a bona fide bonding company, and perform such other
duties as are provided for in the Constitution and Laws of the United Brotherhood,
and perform any other duties their Local Union may direct."
*****
By Local Union No. 311, Joplin, Mo.
Amend Section 42, Paragraph A to read as follows:
"There shall be three classes of membership, viz.; beneficial, honorary, and
auxiliary."
Strike out Paragraph C, Section 42.
Amend Paragraph F of Section 42 by striking out the words "or semi-bene-
ficial."
Re-letter and amend all paragraphs to conform.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph A by striking out the word "semi-beneficial" in
said paragraph.
Amend Par. D, Section 44, by striking out the word semi-beneficial in said
paragraph.
Amend Paragraph C, Section 49 by changing the word "fifty" to "sixty."
Amend Paragraph D by striking out from the last paragraph thereof "and mem-
bers admitted between the ages of fifty and sixty years."
Strike out Paragraphs A and B of Section 25.
Insert after Paragraph D, Section 43, "No one, on becoming a member of the
Local Union, shall be entitled to a vote on finances, wages, and hours and election
of officers until he has held membership in good standing for a period of six
months in said Local."
*****
By Local Union No. 653, Glendale, Cal.
Add Paragraph X to Section 42 to read as follows:
"A candidate over the maximum age limit for Apprentices who has never
before been a member of the United Brotherhood and who, by reason of lack of
experience, is unable to command standard journeyman's wages, may, by consent
of the Distirct Council or Local Union in his district, be admitted to Beneficial
Membership and permitted to obtain employment under the regular scale of wages
for such period of time, not to exceed one year from date of admission, as may be
determined by the District Council or Local Union. During this period of time he
shall be subject to such special working rules as may be established by the District
Council or Local Union for these members, and at the expiration of said time he
shall receive standard journeyman's wages. It shall be the duty of the Apprentice-
ship Committee to extend to such members all possible assistance and encourage-
ment in improving their skill and knowledge of the trade."
*****
By Local Union No. 1128, La Grange, 111.
Amend Par. D, Section 42 and Par. F Section 43 to read as follows:
"When an applicant has reached the age of sixty years or over, he shall be
admitted as an honorary member at the constitutional fee of not less than Ten
Dollars ($10.00), he shall be charged dues of not less than One Dollar and Twenty-
five cents, ($1.25). (The twenty-five cents per capita tax) And also shall pay not
less than twenty-five cents ($.25) for working card and may represent his local in
all offices. "
THE CARPENTER 19
By Local Union No. 181, Chicago, 111.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph A, to read as follows:
"Beneficial and Semi-Beneficial members shall pay not less than one dollar
and twenty-five cents ($1.25) per month dues, five cents (5c) of which shall be
paid by each of such members as subscription to the official monthly journal, "The
Carpenter", and shall be so applied. No officer or member shall be exempt from
paying dues or assessments, nor shall the same be remitted or cancelled in any
manner."
Amend Section 44, Paragraph C, to read as follows:
"Each Beneficial Local Union shall pay to the General Secretary five dollars
(#5.00) on each new member admitted, excepting apprentices and honorary mem-
bers; also, one dollar ($1.00) per month for each member in good standing, forty
cents (40c) of which shall be used as a fund for the general management of the
United Brotherhood and payment of all death and disability donations prescribed
by the Constitution and Laws of the United Brotherhood, together with all legal
demands made upon the United Brotherhood, the balance of sixty cents (60c)
together with monies received from new members, to be placed in a special fund
for 'Home and Pension' purposes. "
*****
By Local Union No. 94, Providence, R. I.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph C, by striking out "75c" and "35c" and inserting
"80c" and "40c" for Home and Pension Fund to read as follows:
"Each Beneficial Local Union Shall pay to the General Secretary $5.00 on each
new member admitted, excepting Apprentices and Honorary Members.
"Also 80c per month for each member in good standing, 40c of which shall be
used as a fund for the general management of the United Brotherhood and pay-
ment of all death and disability donations prescribed by the Constitution and
Laws of the United Brotherhood.
"The balance of 40c, together with the moneys received from new members to
be placed in a Special Fund for "Home and Pension" purposes."
Amend Section 54 by striking out the whole of Paragraph C and adding a new
Paragraph "F" to read as follows:
"Payment of Pension to the applicant, when approved by the General President,
shall start from the month in which it is received by the General President."
Amend Section 54, Paragraph E, by striking out the words Fifteen ($15) dol-
lars and inserting the words Twenty ($20.00) dollars, to read:
"Members not wishing to avail themselves of the privilege of entering the
Home may apply for a Pension not to exceed Twenty ($20.00) per month.
By Local Union No. 49 2, Reading, Pa.
That the words "per month for each member in good standing," of the fourth
and fifth lines of Paragraph C in Section 44 be stricken out and the words "Out of
Each Month's Dues Collected" be inserted instead; Paragraph C of Section 44 then
to read as follows:
"Each Beneficial Local Union shall pay to the General Secretary $5.00 on each
new member admitted, except apprentices and Honorary Members, also Seventy-
five (75c) out of each month's dues collected, Forty (40c) cents of which shall
be used as a fund for the general management of the United Brotherhood . . . etc."
By Local Union No. 133 5, Wilmington, Cal.
That Section 44, Paragraph F, of the General Constitution be amended as
follows:
"That per capita tax paid by the Treasurer of a Local Union to the General
Secretary upon a member who is in arrears, shall be deducted from the report in
which the Financial Secretary reports that member suspended for non-payment of
dues."
That Local Unions having a membership of more than Fifty per cent (50%)
engaged in ship and boat building industries may, at their option, establish a Dis-
trict Council of their own, under By-Laws approved by the First General Vice
President as provided for in Section 26, Paragraph G, Page 24 of the General
Constitution.
20 THE CARPENTER
By Local Union No. 199, Chicago, 111.
Section 44; add new Paragraph H to read:
"That the General Convention authorize the General Executive Board to estab-
lish a budget on a pay as you go basis. When receipts exceed one and one-half
million dollars, reduce per capita, tax to each Local Union Fifty per cent. If the
funds go below one million dollars, increase per capita tax of each Local, not to ex-
ceed one dollar a month on each Beneficial Member."
Section 54.
A. Members shall not be less than sixty years of age to be eligible to Home and
Pension.
B. Members shall hold continuous membership for not less than Thirty years.
C. Strike out Paragraph C.
T>. The traveling expenses of a member whose application for admittance to
the Home has been approved by the proper authorities, shall be paid by the Local
of which he is a member.
Section 9, Paragraph H., Line 5, Strike out the words:
"According to the intention of the voters."
Home and Pension, Paragraph E: Members not wishing to avail themselves of
the privilege of entering the home, may apply for a pension not to exceed $15.00
per month. Strike out the words "Not to exceed $15.00 per month" and add "All
Pension money received by the General Office, be pro-rated monthly to members
qualified by Paragraphs A and B."
* # * * #
By Local Union No. 2046, Martinez, Calif.
That Section 44, Par. F be amended to read as follows:
"When a member falls in arrears for one month's dues he shall be considered
as not in good standing with his Local Union and no per capita tax shall be paid
to the General Secretary on this member until his dues are collected and when a
member is three months in arrears he shall be reported to the General Secretary
and then he shall not be considered in good standing until he has paid all arrears
including the current month's dues. He shall not be again reported until he falls
six months in arrears when he shall be reported as suspended and stricken from
the rolls. If a member at any time pays any part of his arrearages and does not
pay for the current month, he still remains in arrears and should not be reported
by the Financial Secretary in his report to the General Office.' If at any time he
should square up his arrearages, the Financial Secretary shall report same to the
General Secretary, giving date when said arrearages were paid (day and month),
which must include the payment of dues for the month in which he pays said
arrearages, and the per capita tax for the months since which he was last reported
in arrears must be added to the tax forwarded by the Treasurer to the General
Secretary."
$ $ <• i $■
By Local Union No. 74, Chattanooga, Tennessee.
Amend Section 46, Paragraph A.:
Insert after the words "together with current month's dues" (line 9) "and tax
for clearance cards."
By Local Union No. 9, Buffalo, N. Y.
Amendment to Section 46, Paragraph C:
In line 7 of Paragraph C after the words "per month," insert, nor more than the
monthly dues of the Local Union or District Council.
sji # ^ % %
By Local Union No. 3116, Oakland, Calif.
Amend and alter Section 47, Paragraph A, to read as follows:
"A member can withdraw or sever his connection with the United Brotherhood
by resignation in writing and it shall require a two-thirds vote of the members
present at a regular meeting to accept a resignation. A member who resigns can
be re-admitted on presentation of his honorable withdrawal card along with current
dues and assessments. An honorable withdrawal must have been issued 6 months
THE CARPENTER 21
prior to presentation for re-admittance or all back dues and assessments must be
paid. A member wishing to withdraw or sever his connection with the United Broth-
erhood shall present his resignation in writing, which shall be laid over two weeks
for investigation. A member resigning shall be given a Resignation Card, which
shall indicate an honorary withdrawal from the United Brotherhood. Such card
shall be furnished by the General Secretary on application by Local Union, on pay-
ment of Fifty (50c) for each card."
By Local Union No. 602, St. Louis, Mo.
Add to Section 47:
"Any honorably discharged veteran partially disabled in World War Two who
has been a member in good standing twelve months or more prior to entering
United States Armed Forces, who at time of discharge is unable to assume his
efficient duties at the branch of trade coming under the jurisdiction of the United
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, shall be entitled to withdraw
his connections with the Brotherhood and receive a Special Veterans Withdrawal
Card. Such card shall indicate he can rejoin the Brotherhood without payment of
an initiation fee and receive credit for years of membership prior to his withdrawal,
if at any time later he is able to resume working at the trade."
*****
By Local Union No. 430, Wilkinsburg, Pa.
Change Section 49, Article C:
1 Year Membership $50.00 Change to Read $ 75.00
2 Year Membership 100.00 Change to Read 150.00
3 Year Membership 150.00 Change to Read 200.00
4 Year Membership 200.00 Change to Read 300.00
5 Year Membership 300.00 Change to Read 500.00
Section Article was changed to read:
"A Brother having Thirty (30) Years continuous Membership is eligible to
Pension."
*****
By Local Union No. 71, Fort Smith, Ark.
In section 49, Paragraph C, the year and years of membership be changed to
read as follows:
"One year's membership $ 75.00
Two years' membership 125.00
Three years' membership 175.00
Four years' membership 250.00
Five years' membership or more 400.00"
Also Paragraph D, Section 49, as proposed to read:
"Two years' membership $ 50.00
Three years' membership 75.00
Five years' membership 100.00
Ten years? membership or more 200.00
Wife Funeral Donations to read as follows:
Present Proposed
"One year's membership $ 25.00 $ 50.00
Two years' membership 50.00 75.00
Three years' membership or more 75.00 100.00"
Change Paragraph A, Section 54 to read:
"A member shall not be less than 60 years of age to be eligible to the Home
or Pension."
Amend Paragraph B of Section 5 4 to read:
"A member shall be in continuous membership for not less than twenty-five
years, and where he can show through no fault of his, through depression or lack
of work he was suspended for non-payment of dues, he shall be eligible for Home
and Pension on presenting an affidavit signed by a Notary Public and the Officers
or members of the Executive Board of his respective Local Union."
Amend Paragraph E of Section 5 4 to read:
"Members not wishing to avail themselves of the privilege of entering the
Home may apply for a Pension not to exceed $25.00 per month."
22 THE CARPENTER
By Local Union No. 314, Madison, Wis.
Section 49, Article C be amended to read as follows:
"Donations for Journeymen between the ages of twenty-one and fifty years
shall be :
One year's membership $ 50.00
Two years' membership 100.00
Throe years' membership 200.00
Four years' membership 300.00
Five years' membership or more 500.00"
Section 49, Article D be amended to read:
"An apprentice or a candidate between the ages of fifty (50) and sixty (60)
years of age when admitted to membership shall be entitled to the donations on
condition that they have been a member the required length of time and that
they were in good health at the time of their initiation, and in good standing at
the time of death, provided, however, they are over two years contributing or
financial members in good standing, and when owing a sum equal to three months'
dues they shall be debarred from all donations until three months after all arrear-
ages are paid in full, which payment must include the payment of dues for the
month in which the payment is made. They shall not be entitled to wife or dis-
ability donations. Donations for Apprentices and members admitted between the
ages of fifty and sixty years shall be:
Two years' membership $ 25.00
Three years' membership 75.00
Five years' membership 125.00
Ten years' membership or more 200.00"
Section 50, Article D be amended to read as follows:
"The AVife's funeral donation shall be:
One year membership $ 25.00
Two years' membership $ 75.00
Three years membership or more 125.00"
Section 51, Article G be amended^ to read as follows:
"The disability donation shall he:
One year's membership $100.00
Two years' membership . 200.00
Three years' membership 300.00
Four years' membership 400.00
Five years' membership or more 500.00"
Section 52, Article B be amended to read as follows:
"Semi-beneficial members donations will be:
Two years' membership $ 50.00
Three years' membership 75.00
Four years' membership 100.00
Five years' membership _— 150.00"
Section 54, Article A to be amended to read as follows:
"A member shall not be less than 60 years of age to be eligible to the Home or
Pension fund."
Amend Section 54, Article E:
"Members not wishing to avail themselves of the privileges of entering the
Home may apply for a Pension not to exceed $30.00 per month."
^ * * * *
By Carpenters District Council, Holyoke and Vicinity, Mass.
Amend Section 49, Par. C. as follows:
Donation for journeymen between the ages of twenty-one and fifty years shall
be based upon the amount of per capita tax paid to the General Office on said
journeymen.
One year's membership and less than Five years' membership $100.00
Five years' membership and less than Ten years' membership 200.00
Ten years' membership and less than Twenty years' membership 300.00
Twenty years' membership and less than Thirty years' membership- _ 400.00
THE CARPENTER 23
Thirty years' membership and over __1 500.00
Amend Section 49, Par. D, as follows:
Five years' membership and less than Ten years' membership 50.00
Ten years' membership or more $100.00
Amend Section 50, Par D, as follows:
Wife funeral donation; Five years' membership or more 75.00
Amend Section 51, Par. G, as follows:
Disability Donation; Five years' membership or more 400.00
Amend Section 52, Par. B, as follows:
Semi-beneficial members donation; Five years' membership or more $ 75.00
Amend Section 54, Par. C, as follows:
A member (65) years of age and having 30 years continuous membership shall
be entitled to a pension, not less than $25.00 per month, providing he retires from
the carpenter trade. Pension to be paid quarterly, January, April, July and
October.
Amend Section 54, Par. E, as follows:
Members shall have the privilege of applying for admittance to the Home
should they not wish to accept the Pension.
New Paragraph F, Section 54, as follows:
Members receiving the pension, shall continue to pay dues to their union.
Per capita tax shall be paid to the General Office on all pensioners.
Amend Section 44, Paragraph A, General Constitution, in second line, to read
as follows: "Shall not pay less than two ($2.00) dollars per month."
Amend Section 44, Paragraph C, General Constitution, in third line, after the
word "members" as follows: Also $1.00 per month for each member in good stand-
ing, Forty (40c) cents of which shall be used as a fund for the general manage-
ment of the United Brotherhood. The balance of Sixty (60c) cents together with
moneys received from new members, to be placed in a special fund for "Home and
Pension" and Funeral Donation payments. This fund shall not be used for any
other purpose, except sanctioned by referendum vote of the membership.
* * * * *
By Local Union No. 626, Wilmington, Del.
Change the General By-Laws, Section 54, Paragraph A, to read as follows:
"A member shall not be less than 60 years of age to be eligible to the home or
pension."
Add to Section 54, Paragraph F, of the General By-Laws the following:
"That when a member is admitted to the Home, if he is married, that some
arrangement be made, that he and his wife be allowed to live together at the
Home. A member must be married for at least 10 years before his wife can be
admitted to the Home."
By Local Union No. 28 7, Harrisburg, Pa.
That any member in good standing upon reaching age sixty-five (65) be en-
titled to and be paid the prevailing Pension, providing he has been a member for
the past 30 years. Any Brother who after 30 years continuous membership finds
that he is unable to work at the Trade, he shall be given a paid-up membership
card and shall also receive the prevailing Pension.
That Articles A, B and C in Section 54 be eliminated.
*****
By Local Union No. 62, Chicago, 111.
Strike out Paragraph C, Section 5 4.
*****
By Local Union No. 891, Hot Springs National Park, Ark.
That part of Section 54, Paragraph B, which states members not wishing to
avail themselves of the privilege of entering the Home may apply for a pension not
to exceed $15.00 per month, be amended to read, $30.00 per month instead of
$15.00 and at the death of an eligible member his widow receive $15.00 per month
as long as she is a widow.
24 THE CARPENTER
By Local Union No. 787, Brooklyn, N. Y.
The membership of Local 78 7 hereby goes on record as endorsing the following
proposed changes to our Constitution and Laws.
1. Endorses L. U. 829 of Santa Cruz, Cal. on Paragraph B. Sec. 54.
2. Endorses Missouri St. Council of Carp, on Paragraph A. Sec. 54.
3. Endorses L. U. 22, San Fran., Cal. on striking out Par. C, Sec. 54.
*****
By Local Union No. 8 78, Beverly, Mass.
Amend Section 54 of the General Constitution as follows:
Paragraph A. Strike out the figure 65 in the first line and insert the figure 60.
Paragraph C. Eliminate entirely.
Paragraph E. Strike out the figure $15.00 in the third line and insert in place
thereof the figure $30.00.
Add new Paragraph as follows:
To meet cost of additional expense, the General Executive Board shaU levy a
per capita assessment of $1.00 on April 1 and September 1 of each year in addition
to the regular per capita tax.
Thus amended, Section 54 would read as follows:
A. A member shall not be less than 60 years of age to be eligible to the Home
or Pension.
B. A member shall hold continuous membership for not less than thirty years.
C. The traveling expenses of a member whose application for admittance to
the Home has been approved by the proper authorities shall be paid by the Local
Union in which he holds membership.
D. Members not wishing to avail themselves of the privilege of entering the
Home may apply for a Pension not to exceed $3O.00 per month.
E. The General Executive Board shall levy a per capita assessment of $1.00 on
April 1 and September 1 of each year in addition to the regular per capita tax;
Said assessment to be used solely for Pension payments.
*****
By Local Union No. 1049, Poplar Bluff, Missouri.
Strike out Article C of Section 5 4 from the Constitution; also Article E of
Section 54 revised to read $30.00 per month.
*****
By Local Union No. 28 6, Great Falls, Mont.
Amend Section 54 by striking out Par. C. Amend Section D to read as follows:
"The traveling expenses of a member whose application for admittance to the
Home has been approved by the proper authorities shall be paid out of money in
the Home and Pension Fund."
Amend Section E to read as follows:
"Members not wishing to avail themselves of the privilege of entering the
Home may apply for a Pension not to exceed $15.00 a month and they shall be re-
lieved of further payment of dues."
*****
By Local Union No. 48 8, New York, N. Y.
Amend Section 54 to read as follows:
"A. A member shall not be less than 65 years of age to be eligible to the
Home or Pension.
B. A member shall hold continuous membership for not less than thirty years
to be eligible to the Home or Pension.
C The traveling expenses of a member wdiose application for admittance to
the Home has been approved by the proper authorities shall be paid by the Local
Union in which he holds membership.
D. Members not wishing to avail themselves of the privilege of entering the
Home may apply for a Pension not to exceed $15.00 per month."
By Local Union No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Eliminate Paragraph O of Section 54.
THE CARPENTER 25
By Local Union No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.
That any member of the United Brotherhood reaching the age of sixty-five
years and having to his credit thirty years of continuous membership, shall be
entitled to the full pension allowed without reference to his financial standing or
his property qualifications.
All rules and decisions contrary to this principle are hereby repealed.
*****
By Local Union No. 792, Rockford, 111.
1. That Paragraph C of Section 54 be eliminated.
2. Amendment. "The General Treasurer shall pay out of the General Fund,
transportation expenses, not to exceed four cents, (4c) per mile, each way, of all
delegates entitled' to seats and attending the general convention. Mileage shall be
computed over the shortest route over which a ticket for a continuous passage can
be purchased. All other legitimate expenses to be defrayed by the Local Unions the
delegates represent."
3. That Article A of Section 18 be changed to read as follows:
"The United Brotherhood shall meet in General Convention quadrennially in
September at Indianapolis, Indiana on a date set by the General Executive Board,
and the Board shall provide a suitable place for holding such Convention. The
General President, General Secretary and General Treasurer shall act as the Com-
mittee on Credentials one day in advance of the Convention."
4. Add to Section 15, another paragraph, to wit:
"The General Executive Board shall compile, maintain up to date and issue
to all Local Unions of the Brotherhood, a booklet covering all jurisdictional agree-
ments and decisions affecting our Brotherhood."
5. Add to Section 15, another paragraph, to wit:
"The General Executive Board shall cause to be compiled, printed in booklet
form, and supplied to all Local Unions of the Brotherhood, Union Label require-
ments on all products coming under the jurisdiction of the Brotherhood, which,
when -complied with will assure grant of the label."
*****
Local Union No. 211, Pittsburgh, Pa.
That Paragraph C, be stricken from Section 54.
That a new paragraph to be known as Par. F be inserted in Section 54 to read
as follows:
"A member sixty-five (65) years of age or over, who has belonged to the organ-
ization thirty (30) years, continuously, and wTho is unable to work, be given au
outright pension of thirty ($30) dollars per month for life."
That Paragraph C, Section 49 be changed to read as follows:
"One year's membership $ 50.00
Two years' membership : 100.00
Three years' membership 150.00
Four years' membership 200.00
Five years' membership 300.00
Six years' membership 400.00
Seven years' membership or more 500.00
The per capita tax to be increased by (5c) cents per member per
month to meet the increase in death benefits."
*****
By Local Union No. 165, Pittsburgh, Pa.
That a member admitted to the Home should be entitled to have his lawfully
wedded wife accompany him and enter the Home and thus spend their remaining
years together.
*****
By Local Union No. 192 2, Chicago, 111.
Strike out Paragraph C of Section 54 completely.
Amend Par D, Section 60 to read:
"No agreement shall be made or renewed with any firm granting the use of the
label within a radius of 200 miles of large cities after June 1, 1946, unless all
shops and mills of the firm have a 40-hour week or less and receive not less than
2G THE CARPENTER
$1.15 per hour and employ only members of the United Brotherhood except where
dispensation has been granted by the General Office upon application from District
Council, or Local Union."
$ * * * *
By Local Union No. 7, Minneapolis, Minn.
Amend Section 59, Paragraph H to read as follows:
"If 55 per cent of the members voting, vote by secret ballot to put the pro-
posed demand into effect, the blank Schedule of Inquiries shall be filled out imme-
diately after the vote is compiled and forwarded to the General Secretary, who
shall at once submit a copy of same to the General Executive Board.
"In no case shall the General Executive Board sanction a trade movement un-
less 55 per cent of the members voting, who are affiliated with the Local Union or
District Council, vote in favor of the demand."
* * * * *
By Twin Cities District Council, St. Paul, Minn.
Amend Section 59, Par. H. to read as follows:
"If 55 per cent of the members voting, vote by secret ballot to put the proposed
demand in effect, the blank Schedule of Inquiries shall be filled out immediately
after the vote is compiled and forwarded to the General Executive Board. In no
case shall the General Executive Board sanction a trade movement unless 55 per
cent of the members voting, who are affiliated with the Local Union or District
Council, vote in favor of the demand."
*****
By Local Union 98, Spokane, Washington.
That a new section be written within the General Constitution to read as
follows:
"Upon the death or resignation, or removal from his office for any reason
whatsoever, of any member of the General Executive Board, his successor shall be
appointed by the G. E. B. for 90 days only, and within 30 days after his appoint-
ment the Board shall prepare and execute a referendum vote of the district mem-
bership only that the candidate represents, approving said appointment, or write
on the ballot the name of such member as they may choose."
The term of each Board Member shall be for Six (6) years and said member
shall not be again eligible for the same position.
That all conventions of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of
America be held in the future, in some city to be chosen by the Convention, before
adjourning.
By Local Union No. 1201, Borger, Texas.
Amendment: The jurisdiction of each Local shall extend half way to the ad-
joining locals and in the event that no roads are available for determining the
halfway point an airline shall be used and the miles scaled off on a responsible
map.
% •% %: $; #
By Local Union No. 559, Paducah, Ky.
The proposed amendment sponsored by Local 1201, Borger, Texas is endorsed.
* * * * *
By Local Union No. 2671, Roseburg, Ore.
That the 50c withdrawal card fee be removed.
% ^: ;■: # #
By Local Union No. 29 71, Louisville, Ky.
Amendment: Wherever the words "Journeyman Carpenter" appear, change to
"Journeyman Craftsman."
*****
By Local Union No. 2714, Dallas, Ore.
That members who apply for withdrawal cards in the Carpenters and Joiners
may pay a yearly fee of fifty cents for which withdrawal card shall entitle him or
her to re-entry into the union without initiation fee. Said fee to be paid in advance
and withdrawal card to be issued with receipt sent to each member on payment of
yearly fee. All other benefits to be waived on issuance of withdrawal card.
ARE YOU
PLAIN OR TIPPED
to the
Union Label?
Union people who do not boost union
label goods are unfair to their union
and unfair to themselves . . . because
union-made means well-made!
Raleigh Cigarettes are the most
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Be fair to your label,
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be fair to
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 210
The jack plane is the most all-round
plane used by carpenters. Many carpen-
ters use it for practically everything,
excepting, perhaps, very accurate joint-
ing and for such work as only a block
plane will do. For instance, if the bit
is properly sharpened, a jack plane will
do for straightening the edges of boards
to be used for outside finishing — if you
have to do smoothing, a jack plane can
be made to do even better work than a
regular smoothing plane. In fact, we
have met carpenters who wouldn't use
anything but a jack plane for smooth-
ing surafces.
The jack plane is about 14 inches
long, and has a bit 2 y± inches wide.
Some jack planes have smooth bottoms,
while others have corrugated or fluted
bottoms. The fluted bottom is preferred
by most carpenters, because it reduces
the friction. A drawing of a jack plane
is shown by Fig. 1.
We are showing a smoothing plane
cut lengthwise through the center, and
showing the different screws and parts
of it. These are numbered from 1 to
20. The names of the different parts
are, 1, knob bolt; 2, knob; 3, cap iron;
4, cap screw; 5, cap; 6, cap lever, or
cam; 7, frog; 8, frog screw; 9, cap
iron screw; 10, adjusting nut; 11, Y
adjusting lever; 12, plane bit; 13, ad-
justing lever; 14, handle; 15, handle
bolt; 16, handle screw; 17, toe; 18,
mouth; 19, plane bottom, and 20, heel.
The parts of a plane just given, are
more or less the same in planes from
the block plane up to the jointer, not
including the old-fashioned wooden
plane. Of course, different manufactur-
ers use different designs for the various
parts, and probably list some of them
by different names. This is a practical
list intended for carpenters.
Fig. 3 shows to the left a face view
of a jack plane bit, and a little to the
right of it, an edge view. At the center
we have a face view of a cap iron for
o
Fig. 3
a jack plane, and to the right of it we
show the edge view. To the extreme
right we show two views of the cap for
a jack plane.
In putting the cap iron and the plane
bit together, the point of the cap iron
should be kept one-sixteenth of an inch
back of the cutting edge of the plane
bit. The cap iron screw should be tight-
ened with a screw driver (most carpen-
ters use the point of the cap instead of
a screw driver) in order to hold the
two parts together securely. This done,
place the bit into the plane and clamp
it with tbe cap, which is tightened by
means of the cap lever, or cam. In case
this does not hold the bit securely
enough, tighten the cap screw, or, on
the other hand, if it should be too tight,
loosen the cap screw somewhat.
Fig. 4 shows three steps in adjusting
a plane bit after it has been put into the
plane and fastened. (A and B are much
exaggerated, while C is only slightly
exaggerated.) Proceed by holding the
THE CARPENTER
29
plane upside-down, with the toe toward
you and sight over the bottom. The
first thing you will observe is that one
corner of the bit is farther out than the
other, as shown at A. Still sighting
Fig. 4
over the bottom of the plane, bring the
cutting edge parallel with the bottom,
by adjusting it with the adjusting lever,
which will give you about what is
shown at B. Now, holding the plane in
the same position, turn the adjusting
nut in such a manner that it will pull
the bit back until the cutting edge
shows only a little, about as shown at
Fig. 5
r// /?/;//r;s;;//s/->>/'/?.
'7777T777r77777rm
C. Having made these adjustments, try
the plane — if it cuts too much pull the
bit back by turning the adjusting nut
— but if it does not cut enough, push it
out a little with the adjusting nut.
When you have the right depth, observe
the shaving — if it is thicker on one
edge than on the other, adjust the bit
with the adjusting lever so it will cut a
shaving of uniform thickness.
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— This book covers hun-
dreds of practical building problems, has 252 pages and
670 illustrations. Price $2.
BUILDING.— This book has 210 pages and 495
illustrations, covering form building, scaffolding, finish-
ing, plans for a house, stair-building, roof framing
and other subjects. Price $2.
CARPENTRY,— Has over 300 pages, more than 750
illustrations, covering carpentry from staking out to
fitting and hanging doors. Price, $2. (Carpentry,
P.uilding and Quick Construction, each supports the
other two.) Books will be autographed.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT,— Poetry, 64 pages, brown
cloth binding and two-color title page. Only $1.
Postage prepaid when money accompanies the order.
Order u U Cltrn C 222 So. Const. St.
today. "« «. dlE.tae.i_SL Emporia, Konsas
F R E E — Any customer who buys or has bought 3
books in one or in different orders is entitled to a
copy of TWIGS OF THOUGHT free. Give date after
autograph in books previously bought.
Fig. 5 gives a sort of diagram of a
grinder, showing a tool being ground to
a 40-degree bevel. This grinding is
suitable for scrub plane bits and for
chisels that are to be used for the
roughest kind of work.
Fig. 6 shows a tool being ground to
a 30-degree bevel. This bevel is prob-
ably the most practical for chisels and
plane bits, while Fig. 7 shows a tool
receiving a 20-degree bevel. This bevel
Fig. 6
is much used for chisels, hatchets and
plane bits, especially for the softer var-
ieties of woods. On plane bits this bevel
is liable to cause chattering when used
on knotty wood or on tough twisted
grain.
Fig. 8 shows the tools shown in Figs.
5, 6, and 7 receiving the oilstone finish.
Fig. 7
It will be noticed that the oilstoning is
done at about a 2-degree duller angle
than the grinding; namely, 22, 32, and
42 degrees. When the unbeveled side
of the tool receives the oilstone finish,
it is put flat on the stone, as shown
to the left.
Fig. 9 shows four different plane
bits, in part, with the cutting edges
exaggerated. To the left we have a
scrub plane bit, with a rounded cutting
edge. The scrub plane is used for fast
FOR QUICK
MEASURING
and SMOOTH
ACTION L^
w
"%
Oh
The almosf frictionless channel
fhrough which the blade of the
STREAMLINE slides, not only
simplifies and speeds measuring,
but also eliminates scratchy or
indistinct graduations.
Note some of STREAMLINE'S
outstanding, features — long tip,
adaptability as a caliper or height
gauge, direct inside measuring, lever
brake to hold reading. Chrome plated
case, etc. These and other features
make STREAMLINE the pocket pal of
mechanics, carpenters, engineers or
home hobbyists.
Get yours today at your local hard-
ware store or building supply dealer or
t»se the coupon.
WOOD; AND TAPEi RULES
lis Ij u li n l.j u liWii.te'tii! Li LiliJi Lii
, MASTER RULE MFG. CO., Dept. M3
1 815 E. 136th St., New York 54, N. Y.
1 P. O. Box 1587, Oakland, Cal.
Please send me:
• □ STREAMLINE 6 ft. size ($2.00 ea.)
1 □ STREAMLINE 8 ft. size ($2.25 ea.)
1 D 8 ft. replaceable blade (70c ea.)
» D 6 ft. replaceable blade (65c ea.)
• Name .
dill
Address.
►» City State_
cutting and for extra rough work. Next
to this we have a jack plane bit with
a slightly rounded (much less than
what is shown) cutting edge. The
rounded cutting edge when used on a
Pig. 8
jack plane is suitable for all kinds of
rough planing, but when the bit is
sharpened more nearly like" the bit for
a jointer, the jack plane is used
for everything from rough planing to
smoothing surfaces — it is the indispens-
able plane.
To the right, center, Fig. 9, we have
a smoothing plane bit and to the ex-
treme right, a bit for a jointer. It
Jack
o
I (I I'll
o
I,
'I1
.III!
Fig. 9
will be noticed that the bits for these
two planes are sharpened on much the
same order; that it, the center part of
the cutting edge is straight, while the
corners have a slight bevel. The bevels
shown, as mentioned before, are exag-
gerated so as to bring out the point —
in practice the slight bevel is hardly
noticeable.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
OUR CHART Big 27"x36" blue print chart
on the steel square, Starting Key, also
new Radial Saw Chart. Blue print shows
how to find length of any rafter and
make its cuts, find any angle in degrees,
frame any polygon 3 to 16 sides and cut
its mitres, read board foot and brace
tables, octagon scale, rafter tables and
much other valuable information. Can be
scaled down for model work as well as full
scale framing. Radial Saw Chart changes pitch-
es and cuts into degrees and minutes. Every
carpenter should have these charts. Complete
set for 50c coin or M.O. — no stamps or checks.
MASON AND PARRISH, ENGINEERS
2105 No. Burdick St., Dept. C-5 Kalamazoo 81, Mich.
THE CARPENTERS HANDY HELPER
mm& mm
has dozens of uses on every job !
For that "FINISHED TOUCH"
Plastic Wood can be used
for filling:
• Nail holes
v • Cracks due to wood
shrinkage
• Countersunk screws
• Old screw holes
• Loose dowel pins
• Broken railings
• Split, cracked or splintered
wood in bowling alleys.
HANDLES LIKE PUTTY...
HARDENS INTO WOOD
Keep a supply of PLASTIC WOOD SOL-
VENT on hand to control the consistency
of PLASTIC WOOD. SOLVENT is also
used for cleaning hands and tools.
• On sale at all Builders' Supplies,
Hardware and Paint Stores
BUY THE 1 lb. CAN
Boyle-Midway Inc.
22 East 40rh Sireot
N.w York \6. N. Y,
8 BIG BUILDING BOOKS
m\ ^^\m EXAMINAT,ON
^™ SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plans, estimate, be a live-wire builder, do
remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 8 practical, pro-
fusely Illustrated books cover subjects that will help you
to get more work and make more money. Architectural de-
sign and drawing, estimating, steel square, roof framing,
construction, painting and decorating, heating, air-condi-
tioning, concrete forms and many other subjects are included.
BETTER JOBS -- BETTER PAY "^T°-?iT=
Keep busy now at good pay, and be tB I I IUN
prepared for after-war building boom. These books are
Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to-
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete
ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub-
handy, permanent reference information Ushed on these
that helps solve building problems. many subjects.
Coupon Brings Eight Big Books For Examination
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Vocational Publishers since 1898
Dept. G336 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.
Tou may ship me the TJp-to-Date edition of your eight
big books. "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges
only, and If fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 is paid. I am not obligated In any
way unless I keep the books.
Name .
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one business
man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.
S<^
FROM ANY ANGLE
LANGDON ACME MITRE BOX
It leads in its field — like all other Millers
Falls Tools. Ball bearing saw guides reduce
friction. Full ball bearing lever assures
quick, easy change of angle. For smooth,
accurate results insist on this superior box.
MILLERS FALLS
TOOLS
MILLERS FALLS
Greenfield, Mass.,U. S. A.
Tbe
SaW
CarP
nt*r
Use
DISSTON D-8
Medium weight Skew-back pattern. Made in
20-inch 10 points cross-cut; 22-inch 8 and 10
points cross-cut; 24-inch 8 and 10 points cross-
cut; 26-inch 7, 8, 10 and 11 points cross-cut,
5 Yi points rip.
• See your Hardware Dealer about this fine
hand saw and other Disston tools
you need.
The Disston Saw, Tool and File
Manual is free from your Hardware
Dealer — or write for a copy to
HENRY DISSTON & SONS, Inc.
304 Tacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa., U. S. A.
t&7/lafcer
MACHINE SAW FILING
with the Foley Automatic
Saw filer is the modern way
to recondition saws. Any-
one can do the work — no
experience needed — no eye-
strain. Start in spare time
— Foley-filed saws cut so
smooth and fast, they will
advertise for you, bring
you new customers and a
steady repeat cash business.
The Foley is the ONLY machine
that files all hand saws, also
band and cross-cut circular saws.
— enables you to handle
work from schools, shops
and factories as well as
farmers, carpenters, etc.
Send for FREE PLAN
Shows how to etart — no can
vassing. No obligation,
salesman will call. Send cou-
pon today
''[ bought a I
w L T
ieft "i ow 71"! -"■•"'■ -t
'he wo
Penter t Hs * m a ~_°'
'cantakecareo™?re,han
FOLEYr^fe^ SAW FILER
^ FOLEY MANUFACTURING CO.
1 318-6 Foley Bldg., Minneapolis 13, Minn.
^ Send Free Plan on Saw Filing business, no obligation
k Nam
J_ Address .
LlAi
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Of ESTIMATING
If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $5.00,
and pay the balance of $25.00 at $5.00 per
month, making a total of $30.00 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Johnson Building C, Denver 2, Colorado
CHIEF
A popular priced inside-
measuring rule with etched
blade featuring the Quick-
Change blade connection.
Automatic Braking and
Frictionless Wind.
HOBBY
A top quality general utility
rule in convenient pocket
size with the Quick-Change
blade connection and Fric-
tionless Wind features.
WHITE CHIEF
A weatherproof inside-
measuring rule with the
cbove feature and per-
manently bonded, crack-
proof, snow-white blade
ond easy-to-read jet
black numerals ond
graduations. __nTfis?V25STf
- ->■
( CARLSON)
CARLSON & SULLIVAN
501 W. Foothill Bl., Monrovia, Calif.
STANLEY specializes in the distinctive appear-
ance of fine tools. Examples of this are Butt Chisels
No. 60 and Tang Chisels No. 61.
The blades are forged from finest chisel steel —
light, thin and tough — to take a keen, durable cut-
ting edge. The handles are of special celluloid — the
toughest non-metallic substance known. Both han-
dles are designed to fit the hand comfortably.
Fine to look at — finer to use — and made for wood-
workers who want the finest of results. Buy them
when next you need fine tools.
STANLEY TOOLS
163 Elm St., New Britain, Conn.
THE TOOL BOX
[STAN LEY]
Stanley Tang
Chisel No. 61
OF THE WORLD
PAA*!S
tOGGtf
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The Best
Fastening In
Hollow Material
123
Solve tough fastening and hang-
ing assignments with Paine Spring
Wing Toggle Bolts. They assure
safe, permanent support in hollow material— are eas-
ily inserted— and will not pull out or work loose.
Available in several head styles in standard boll
diameters from Vs" to Vi"'" standard lengths.
SPECIAl TOGGLE BOLT CLAMP-free with every box
of PAINE TOGGLE BOLTS-speeds installation.
Ask Your Hardware Dealer or Write for Catalog.
THE PAINE CO.
2967 Carroll Ave. Chicago, Illinois
Offices in Principal Cities
PRIME
FASTENING nriAI/Tf
and HANGING UlVILlJ
AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides
4vols.*6
Ins Ida Trado Information
for Carpenters, Builders. Join*
era. Building Mechanics and
nil Woodworkers. These*
Guides give you the short-cut
instructions that you want —
including new methods, ideas,
solutions, plans, systems and
money saving suggestions. An
easy progressive course for the
Quick Refen
worker. Carpenters every-
where are using these Guidee
as a Helping Hand to Easier
Work. Better Work and Bet-
ter Pay. To get this assist-
for yourself, simply nil
in I
Inside Trade Information On: pon below
How to use the steel aauare — How to file and set
saws — How to build furniture — How to use a
mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How to use
rules and scales — How to make joints— Carpenters
arithmetic— Solving mensuration problems^-Es-
timating strength of timbers — How to set girders
and sills — How to frame houses and roofs — How to
estimate costs — How to build houses, barns, gar-
ages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw
plans — Drawing ur> specifications — How to ex-
cavate—How to use settings 12. 13 and 17 on the
steel square — How to build hoists and scaffolds—
skylights — How to build stairs — How to put on
interior trim — How to hang doors — How to lath-
lay floors — How to paint
1 the FREE COU-
THEO. AUDEL & CO., 49 W. 23rd St., New York City
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides. 4 vols..
T -will remit SI in 7 days, and SI monthly until 36 is paid.
No obligation unless I am satisfied.
Occupation.
Bdersncs. .
CAR
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E. <t. ATKINS AND COMPANY
401 South Illinois Street, Indianapolis 9, Indiana
Agents or Dealers in all Principal Cities the World Over
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
WM. L.HUTCHESON
- GENERAL PRESIDENT
■■'■■'■'/
Vf^S~~ TWENTY-FIFTH
GENERAL CONVENTION
CARPENTERS'HOME
LAKELAND, FLA.
APRIL 1946
w
HEN the members
of unions and their fami-
lies buy only Union Label
goods and use only Union
services they make these
two economic weapons
reinforce each other.
Keep in good standing as
a consumer as well as a
dues payer with your own
union. When you patron-
ize only firms that dis-
play Union Labels, Shop
Cards, and Service But-
tons you will be in good
standing with your broth-
ers in other unions.
Max Zaritsky, President, United Hatters
02 CARPENTRY JO
IS TOO TOUGH FOR YOU!
Gateway books help you do a
BETTER job, EASIER, and in LESS
time. That's the kind of help that
puts extra dollars in your pocket at
the end of the week . . . it's the kind
of help Carpenters enjoy. Gateway
Books show carpenters and appren-
tices how to lick the toughest jobs
. . . and the books show you in clear
every day language with plenty of
illustrations. Check your titles now.
ORDER FROM THIS LIST NOW!
1. CARPENTRY CRAFT PROBLEMS. Written by H. H.
Blegele. This book contains over 300 pages and 700 illustra-
tions covering the solution of problems encountered by wood-
workers. Tool, fireproof construction, boxing win- <A
dow and door frames and estimating jobs V^-j"
2. BUILDING— FORMS, STAIRS, ROOFS. This book is
a favorite of carpenters all over the country because it gives
principles of Roof Framing, Setting Jambs, Flooring and
Floors, Foundation plans and details. Elevations and sec-
tions, geometrical stairs, Balusters,, Roof Pitches, (h _
Irregular plan roofs, etc. 495 illust. 210 pages. v^-^O
3. QUICK CONSTRUCTION. Partial list of contents in-
clude: Platform problems, Special uses of tools. Job-made
tools, bridging and flooring problems, screens and mitering
mouldings, window frame problems. Flashing, Sills, Stools,
Porch and Stair problems, Carpenter made furniture. Ogee and
other cuts. Tricks of the trade, etc. Written by dt r_
H. H. Siegele. 250 pgs. 670 illust <f>^-5u
4. MODERN HOMECRAFT. Modern fumituie design, con-
struction and finishes. 240 pages with full 8 x 10 photo-
graphs, plus hundreds of detailed drawings and plans, with
estimates on approximate costs. Includes ideas on
designing your own furniture, etc
5. ROOF FRAMING by R. M. Van Gaasbeek, Pratt Insti-
tute. A thorough understanding is given of the principles
and application to practical work. Includes principles of roof
framing, framing a gable roof, roofs of equal pitch, dormers,
gambrel roofs, lengths of roof rafters, curved rafter roofs,
conic roofs, hopper bevels, rake and level mould- d>
ings, etc. 270 pages. 116 illust <P*-OlJ
9. CONCRETE DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION. 508 p^ges
and 251 illust. A new and enlarged edition of this practical
and popular "how-to-do-it" book dealing with all phases of
modern concrete work. Covers retaining walls, beam
designs, concrete columns, form construction, etc.
10. ESTIMATING FOR THE BUILDING TRADES. 629
pages, 310 illust., 44 tables. A complete book on the esti-
mating of all material and labor costs for every phase of
the building trades for most types of buildings. Excellent for
all carpenters and wood workeVs who figure th»ir
own jobs. Saves many times the cost of the book.
$5.0O
$5.00
$3-25
Special
If your purchase to-
tals $10.00 or more,
and remittance is enclosed with or-
der, we will send you any $2.00
book you choose absolutely FREE.
6. MODERN CARPENTRY. 680 pages and over 600 illus-
trations tell and show how to do all types of jobs the cor-
rect way. Written in conversational language for a
ambitious carpenters y2,JO
7. THE STEEL SQUARE. By Fred T. Hodgsen, 475 pages
and over 300 illustrations of complete information of the ap-
plications and uses of the Steel Square. The book is pro-
fusely illustrated with sketches which cover the d, _
whole field of steel square practice <p2,00
8. HOME REMODELING. 528 pages, 319 illust.. 12 tables
and 10 full size blueprints drawn to scale. An excellent book
for woodworkers who do a lot of this type of work because it
helps you give many new ideas and angles that produce
more work at better pay for you. This book is d,
complete in every detail VJ-00
Opitarattiee
Gateway Books are guaranteed to
be absolutely satisfactory in every
respect, or your money will be re-
funded.
The GATEWAY BOOK CO., Dept. C-16
32 N. State — Chicago 2, Hlinois
11. BLUE PRINT READING. Ill pages, 69 illust. A book
of instruction devoted to the reading of blue-prints for tha
building trades. Leaves nothing to doubt. Com- d> --.
plete, concise.-* rJ,Ju
12. MATHEMATICS. A mighty useful book on basic arith-
metic. Filled with sound help and problems. cf„ -^
Makes a good reference and "brusher-upper" book, v^'j"
13. HOW TO MAKE RUSTIC FURNITURE. Hundreds of
ideas and plans for making all types of rustic furni-
ture for the home. Completely illustrated and A
thoroughly described <p2.00
"■■CLIP THIS COUPON— »|
I 1
Gateway Book Co., Dept. C-16
1 32 N. State, Chicago 2, Illinois
Gentlemen: Please send me the books I've checked be-
low. I understand that if any of the books are not satis-
factory, I may return them and my money will be cheer-
fully refunded.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
■ NAME .
I STREET
CITY STATE
THeCftBPENTeK
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Established In 1881
. Vol. LXVI — No. 4
INDIANAPOLIS, APRIL, 1946
One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy
— Con tents —
Apprenticeship Gets the Green Light 5
General Bradley, Veterans Administration Director, clears up any misconceptions that
may have existed as to joint apprenticeship committees being proper and fitting instru-
ments for training new men in the building trades. With his stamp of approval on
local apprenticeship committees, it becomes crystal clear that if we do not handle the
apprentice training job ourselves someone else is going to do it and the results may not
be to our liking.
You Can't Build with Chaos - 9
About the only thing there is no shortage of in the building materials field is confusion
and regulation. Unrealistic government policies, plus innumerable dodges for evading
ceiling prices, are rapidly heading the whole building industry to the brink of com-
plete chaos.
AFL Charges Favoritism -
14
Bob Watt charges that the new wage-price policy adopted by Uncle Sam by-passes col-
lective bargaining, creates favoritism, and places a premium on striking.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS:
Plane Gossip
Editorial
Official ...
In Memoriain
Heroes of our Brotherhood
Correspondence - -
To the Ladies
Craft Problems
12
16
19
20
21
22
25
27
Index to Advertisers
32
Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.
Bntered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., ae second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
il
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YES . . ."ingredients" make the big differ-
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THE CELOTEX CORPORATION • CHICAGO 3, ILLINOIS
APPRENTICESHIP GETS GREEN LIGHT
WITH THE BULK of the demobilization 'program of both the
Army and Navy almost completed, the -question of apprenticeship
training becomes an issue of considerable importance. Recently
.the General Committee on Apprenticeship for the Construction Industry
met with General Omar Bradley, director of the Veterans Administration.
At that meeting the committee recommended to General Bradley that joint
labor-management committees be recognized as appropriate training in-
stitutions under the GI Bill of Rights. In a letter dated February 2 to M.
-H. Hedges, committee president, General Bradley gave an affirmative reply
to the Committee's recommendation. This decision is of extreme impor-
tance to the entire construction in-
dustry apprenticeship program. Lit-
erally it gives labor and manage-
ment, the green light to handle the
training of apprentices through
joint apprenticeship committees.
Following the receipt of General
Bradley's letter the General Com-
mittee on Apprenticeship for the
Construction Industry met again
and issued the following statement:
"In view of the importance to
construction apprenticeship of Gen-
eral Bradley's letter the committee
recommended that it be printed in
trade and labor journals with in-
structions to local joint committees
to contact immediately the proper
state certifying agency and gain ap-
proval as a training institution.
Further, that where no joint com-
mittees exist, prompt action be tak-
en to establish such committees and
secure approval from the state
agency.
"Wherever a joint apprenticeship
committee exists, the committee
should be advised, when making ap-
plication to the state agency for
recognition, that recognition be re-
quested for the full territory as cov-
ered by the joint committee; that no
one can become an apprentice in
that industry in that territory un-
less he goes through the joint com-
mittee and standards are adhered to.
"As a further safeguard to the
veteran, the committee urged that
all apprentices indentured in the
building trades be indentured to
the joint committee. Local groups
should be impressed with the fact
that now that the Veterans Admin-
istration has/given them full recog-
nition, they should step in and do
the job or someone else will do it,
and not to their liking."
In line with the recommendations .
of the committee, we are herewith
reprinting in full General Bradley's
letter :
Mr. Marion H. Hedges, Director of
Research, International Brother-
hood of Electrical Workers,
1200 15th Street, N. W.,
Washington, D. C.
My Dear Mr. Hedges:
The proposal of the General Com-
mittee on Apprenticeship for the
Construction Industry which you
recently submitted has been exam-
ined and consideration has been
given to your recommendations
THE CARPENTER
which are given on Page 18 of the
material which you furnished. You
have recommended that joint labor-
management committees be recog-
nized as training institutions quali-
fied and equipped to provide train-
ing for veterans under the terms
of either Public 16 or Public 346,
78th Congress, and that the plan
proposed for the State of Oklahoma
be approved as a pattern for all
states of the Union.
It is understood that joint labor-
management committees have been
set up in some crafts and localities
and have been charged with the
responsibility for controlling the
training of persons in standard ap-
prenticeship courses. This assigned
responsibility includes the accep-
tance of an applicant for appren-
ticeship training, the determination
of the establishment or establish-
ments in which the training is to
be provided, the arranging for the
placement of the applicant in the
chosen establishment, the deter-
mination that the establishment
provides the prescribed course in
accordance with the accepted stand-
ards and that the applicant contin-
ues to diligently apply himself to
the course and to efficiently accom-
plish its purposes. It is further
understood that when such an ar-
rangement exists, it is with the full
agreement of management and labor
and that the arrangement has be-
come the accepted means through
which all applicants are started on
and carried through a standardized
course of apprenticeship training.
Admittedly, such joint commit-
tees are not actually giving educa-
tion in the strict sense of the term
since the education is being provid-
ed by business establishments. How-
ever, it may be presumed for the
time being that the appropriate
agencies of the respective states
will have determined in advance
that each joint committee which it
approves is actually performing the
functions for which it was estab-
lished in an efficient manner and is
arranging for training in establish-
ments which are adequately equip-
ped and staffed to provide a com-
plete and well-rounded course of
instruction. On this assumption, I
have determined that joint appren-
ticeship committees may be recog-
nized as qualified and equipped to
provide suitable training to vet-
erans under Public 346, 78th Con-
gress, in those states in which such
recognition has been granted. Con-
sequently, an instruction will be
issued to all field offices of the
Veterans Administration which will
authorize them to accept the enroll-
ment of eligible veterans with joint
apprenticeship committees which
have been approved by the appro-
priate state agency. This will
amount to a full acceptance of your
recommendation No. 1 which ap-
pears on Page 18 of the material
which you submitted under the title,
"Proposal of the General Commit-
tee on Apprenticeship for the Con-
struction Industry."
Your second recommendation was
that "the so-called Oklahoma plan"
be approved as a pattern for all
states of the union." This plan is
described on Page 14 of the mate-
rial submitted. It is stated in part:
"Individual establishments
participating in the area-wide
program become approved
training establishments under
Public 346 by merely subscrib-
ing to the area-wide apprentice-
ship standards. They have no
dealings with the Veterans'
Administration whatsoever."
The last sentence of the quoted
statement will need to be modified
to the extent that it will permit the
THE CARPENTER
Veterans Administration to super-
vise the individual veteran and ob-
tain from the establishment current
information concerning the veter-
an's conduct and progress. The Vet-
erans Administration is charged by
law with the responsibility for de-
termining that the veteran's con-
duct and progress while in training
remain satisfactory, in accordance
with the standards and practices of
the institution, and the individual
veteran's right to continue to re-
ceive the benefits of Public 346 is
dependent upon his conduct and
progress continuing to be satisfac-
tory. It will therefore be necessary
for representatives of the Veterans
Administration to contact enrolled
veterans at their places of training
in order to determine that they are
actually receiving a course of train-
ing rather than being subsidized in
employment and that they are con-
ducting themselves and progressing
in a manner which will permit them
to continue to receive the subsist-
ence allowance provided by the law.
Furthermore, there will need to be
contact with the training establish-
ment, either directly or indirectly,
so that the Veterans Administration
may be accurately informed as to
the - amount of compensation for
productive labor which the veteran
has received each month from his
employer-trainer. This is necessary
because the law provides that ad-
justments shall be made in the
amount of subsistence allowance as
the Administrator may determine
when he finds that an enrollee is re-
ceiving compensation for produc-
tive labor performed as a part of his
apprenticeship or other training-on-
the-job. Inasmuch as the enrollee
will receive such compensation for
productive labor from the training
establishment rather than from the
joint apprenticeship committee, it
follows that authentic reports as to
the amount paid must come from
the training establishment. It will
thus be seen that the Veterans Ad-
ministration must have certain deal-
ings with the training institution.
However, there will be no objection
to permitting training establish-
ments to forward their reports
through the authorized joint com-
mittee if that procedure appears to
be most satisfactory in any given
situation.
So far as training under Public
16, 78th Congress, is concerned, it
should be noted that the law spe-
cifically fixes greater responsibility
with the Veterans Administration
than is the case with respect to en-
rollees under Public 346, 78th Con-
gress. This law states that: "The
Administrator shall have the power
and duty to prescribe and provide
suitable training" for the purpose
of overcoming the handicap of ser-
vice-incurred disability and to fit
the eligible veteran for employment
consistent with the degree of dis-
ablement. It will be proper in ap-
propriate cases to prescribe a stand-
ard apprenticeship course as the
most suitable type of training but
under the law approval of the estab-
lishment in which the training is to
be provided is a responsibility of
the Veterans Administration rather
than any other agency. Further-
more, the Veterans Administration
has a definite responsibility for
supervising the training which is
being provided, in order to be cer-
tain that it will overcome the handi-
cap of the service-incurred disabil-
ity and is being provided under con-
ditions which will not be detri-
mental to the disabled veteran's
physical or mental health. How-
ever, the Veterans Administration
can recognize joint apprenticeship
committees for the training of vet-
8 THE CARPENTER
erans under Public 16 when it finds mittee is performing the functions
that the establishments which any delegated to it in a satisfactory-
such committee utilizes for training l manner,
are actually qualified to provide a Sincerely yours
satisfactory course of training on ^,r»-r^ „ ,-^ « -r^-r ^,.
the basis of adequate spaee, equip- OMAR N- BRADLEY,
ment and instructor-personnel and General, U. S. Army,
that the joint apprenticeship com- Administrator.
White House Ceremony Honors Bro. Johnson
At a White House ceremony attended by many high government and
military officials, Brother Fred E. Johnson, business representative of
the New York District Council, was awarded the Selective Service Medal
by President Truman. Having served as a member of a Selective Service
Board for more than five years, Brother Johnson was selected to attend
the ceremony and receive the medal in behalf of the thousands of New
York City board members who served for five years or longer.
Almost from the day the Selective Service Act went into effect Brother
Johnson served as a member of Local Board No. 106, one of the busiest
and most efficient in the city. Despite the press of his duties as business
representative and president of Local Unitm No. 488, he fulfilled his draft
Board duties with efficiency and dispatch.
One other member of Local No. 488 served as a member of a local draft
board. Brother Harry P. Eilert served in such a capacity for three and
a half years before ill health made it mandatory for him to resign.
Brothers Johnson and Eilert typify the meritorious service that mem-
bers of organized labor gave to the war effort without fanfare or publicity.
Thousands of union members served in the armed forces. Millions worked
long and gruelling hours in shipyards and war plants. And untold num-
bers like Brothers Johnson and Eilert served quietly and efficiently in
vitally necessary and sometimes unpleasant tasks. The honor paid Brother
Johnson is a tribute to all union members who did their full share in the
fight against tyranny.
Apprentices Are 90 % Vets
Returning war veterans are getting a real break under union-manage-
ment apprentice training programs.
In the construction industry for example, 90 per cent of the men now
learning skilled trades are former service men, the Apprentice Training
Service of the Department of Labor revealed.
Furthermore, this industry accounts for 40 per cent of all "vets" who
are registered as employed apprentices in skilled occupations in all in-
dustries, the service reported.
It pointed out, too, that under joint union-management arrangements in
the building trades, many of the "vets" have received credit for experience
gained in the army at the trade of their choice.
WHILE the government is optimistically talking about 2,700,000
new homes by the end of 1947, unrealistic government policies,
coupled with extensive black market operations in building ma-
terials, are creating a condition just one jump ahead of complete chaos,
a recent survey by the Wall Street Journal shows. As the Journal" puts it,
"Uncertainties outnumber new roofs in home building today." OPA prices
are mere figments of the imagination as building material producers resort
to one kind of subterfuge after another to get more money for their pro-
ducts, the New York paper found as the result of its survey in nine widely
scattered communities.
For example, the Journal found
that a druggist in Logansport, In-
diana, let a contract for a house
back in October of last year. It was
started on a cost-plus basis with the
contractor estimating the finished
price at somewhere around $9,000.
By last month the house was only
seventy-five per cent finished and
already costs had passed the $15,000
mark. Furthermore, the druggist
was living very inconveniently and
expensively in a hotel since he sold
his old house in the expectation
that his new home' would be com-
pleted in a matter of weeks. In
Hagerstown, Maryland, the survey
found that building costs were al-
most double what they were before
the war. One contractor there flatly
stated that he would not attempt to
duplicate any house built in 1939 for
twice the cost. In Lorain, Ohio;
San Mateo, California; Ridgewood,
New Jersey, and several other sec-
tions of the country the survey
found conditions as bad or worse.
Primarily the trouble stems from
chaotic conditions in the building
materials field. Some of it is the
result of unrealistic pricing policies
followed by the government and
some of it is brought on by the de-
sire of manufacturers for more and
bigger profits. At any rate, builders
are in the middle of a terrific
squeeze. Getting the materials is
their biggest headache. A Logans-
port contractor laments that his
phone bill looks like the national
debt each month as he scours the
country for materials. The Wall
Street Journal, further describes ex-
isting conditions as follows :
"R. S. McCord of the Logansport
Lumber Co. says that by taking a
trip to southern pine mills he ob-
tained three carloads of lumber —
two of them not worth a darn. He
says some of the mills there seem
to be selling lumber at retail prices
at the millsite.
"Much the same practice, in hard-
wood flooring, is reported by a
builder in Ridgewood. He declares
that some wholesalers in the South
don't ship to retailers but have set
up their own retail outlets. North-
ern dealers have to take trucks to
the South and pay retail prices, or
more. Sometimes the price runs as
high as 25 cents a square foot for
flooring that has a 17-J-cent ceiling.
"Subterfuges of various kinds
outnumber outright price hikes, but
instances of the latter can be found.
"In getting plumbing supplies on
the black market, the procedure is
to drive up to the dealer's place
10
THE CARPENTER
with your truck and pay cash, a
Logansport builder says. Ordinary
board lumber is selling at $110 to
$125 a thousand board feet with no
questions, another Logansport con-
tractor says. Ceilings on this type
of lumber are $70 to $80, up 75%
from before the war, he declares.
"The legitimate black market, as
one Burlington, Calif., builder calls
it, has contributed both to sharply
higher costs and shortages in that
area. By this he refers to concen-
tration by manufacturers on items
on which O.P.A. price ceilings per-
mit higher profits.
"Hardwood flooring of the cheap-
er strip type is almost unobtain-
able with makers concentrating on
tongue and groove, Burlingame
builders say. To get the strip, they
say they have to pay subcontractors
who have it at premium prices for
installation. The same installation
upcharge on soil pipe was reported.
' 'The Government, to save maybe
five to 10 cents a foot on this pipe
for the ordinary residence, created
the shortage. Now the subcontrac-
tors who have the pipe on hand jack
the price up maybe as much as $150
a dwelling,' one builder charged.
"Lumber mills often force build-
ers to take mill run if they desire
any lumber at all, another Burlin-
game builder said. This means they
must take a certain proportion of
high priced, little used material to
get the standard grades they need.
"These methods have hiked his
material costs as much as 35% to
40% a dwelling, a contractor said.
"While lumber yards in Santa
Monica, Calif., haven't had any
shingles to sell for more than a
year, one dealer said they too could
be bought installed, just about dou-
ble what they would cost if O.P.A.
weren't being: evaded.
"Short of nails in the Pacific
Northwest, a builder found two
kegs in a neighboring town. When
his invoice arrived, the nails were
billed as sold in 50-pound sacks and
cost $16 compared with an O.P.A.
ceiling of $12.70 for two kegs.
"Soil pipe, hardwood flooring,
plumbing, shingles, siding and win-
dow frames are items on which
shortages seem most widespread.
Builders on the Pacific Coast are
also in need of wallboard and lath.
In Ridgewood, it's millwork that's
scarce.
"Sand and slag, both local prod-
ucts, are the the only materials free-
ly available to him, a Lorain con-
tractor says. A Logansport builder
says cement and brick mortar are
the only two not hard to get there.
Brick is easing, he says, but the
only color obtainable is bright red.
"In their need for lumber, the
builders have to take lower quality
than what they'd like. Lynn Burge
of Lorain says he is paying $100 a
thousand for No. 4 quality lumber
that he wouldn't consider using nor-
mally. Fir for frames was wanted
by a Ridgewood builder. He had to
take some pine which he said was
full of knots and was sappy.
"Lumber grades are meaningless
now, a Logansport builder says.
You don't buy lumber over the
phone as you used to ; you have to
go out and look at it."
A widely known radio commenta-
tor also touched on the chaotic con-
dition existing in the building ma-
terial field. He gave specific exam-
ples of contractors being "legally"
hijacked by building materials pro-
ducers. He told of one instance in
which a builder had to pay almost
twice the ceiling price for some
lumber he needed. According to his
story, lumber that exceeds its par-
ticular specific dimension by even a
THE CARPENTER H
fraction of an inch rates the price it worked down to four inches so he
for the next higher dimension. For could use it.
example, a two by four which the ,,r, ,, ,11,1 ,
•11 «+ * u £ a 2. Whether or not all the above ex-
mill cuts two by four and a quarter- . „ , ,
instead of four rates the two by six amPleS aLe IOO% truf 1S anybody's
price. Anyway, he told about the £uess- However, there is little
contractor who paid two by six doubt but that a nearly chaotic con-
prices for two by four's which were dition exists in the building mate-
a quarter of an inch wider than rials field. Unless order is brought
standard. The contractor was not out of the mess shortly, building
only stuck on the price but he also may face a crisis and the homes that
faced the additional cost of having were promised GI's may go by the
to take the stuff to a mill to have boards.
VA Hospital Program To Mean Many Jobs
The Veterans Administration's $448,000,000 hopsital construction pro-
gram will require 70,000 man-years of on-the-job labor by building trades-
men, L,. H. Tripp, director of VA's Construction Service, estimated.
The program will provide employment for thousands of workmen and
medical care for thousands of disabled veterans.
Announced February 16 by Gen. Omar N. Bradley, administrator of
veteran affairs, it is the largest hospital construction program in the his-
tory of the world. VA hospital construction during the past 27 years
totaled only $270,000,000 compared with the $448,000,000 which will be
spent in the next fe'w years.
•
Corpus Christi Unionists Thank Legless Vet
As a gesture of thanks to a veteran who left both of his legs in Ger-
many, the citizens of Corpus Christi, Texas, last month presented him with
a six room house. While a high school played the Star Spangled Banner,
200 building tradesmen representing the Brotherhood and other trade
unions on Saturday, March 9 started working at 8 a.m. on the house.
By nightfall they had it virtually completed.
Hundreds of spectators were on hand to watch the union men start
their task. Some of them stayed throughout the day and others appeared
from time to time to check up on the progress being made. All day long
union carpenters, plumbers and electricians worked at top speed and by
nightfall Pfc T. M. Jarvis, Jr. had a fine bungalow practically completed.
A veteran of World War II, Jarvis was so badly wounded both his legs
were eventually amputated.
The campaign for providing a house for hero Jarvis was started by
the Corpus Christi American Legion. Money for the project was donated
by the citizens of the community and the union men provided the neces-
sary labor.
In view of the endless amount of adverse publicity that has been and
is being heaped on organized labor, the gesture of the Corpus Christi or-
ganized building tradesmen is a ringing challenge to those who for one
reason or another seek to smear unionism.
SIP
MAYBE IT'S ONLY CAUTION
As this is being written the UNO is
preparing for its most crucial meeting.
This organization, on which the future
of world peace rests, is finding the sled-
ding a little bit rugged. The presence
of English and Russian troops in vari-
ous parts of the world is causing some
heated debate.
As far as we can figure, Russian sus-
picion is the chief stumbling block at
the present time to the attainment of
complete harmony. The Russian dele-
gates to the UNO seem to be keeping
their fingers crossed. However, it may
be that they are merely cautious —
something like a certain mule.
The farmer was having his patience
tried by the mule. Time after time the
animal would start pulling the plow
only to stop after a few steps. A
stranger watched the performance for
awhile. Finally he spoke to the farmer.
"Appears to me," he said, "as if the
mule is balky."
"Oh, no," replied the farmer shaking
his head. "It's just that he's so afraid
he won't hear me say 'Whoa' that he
stops every now and then to listen."
1 AJ
o^WB
re
k ft«k. iji?j?7r**— »- ,„,
\
Send a squad car quick! J just locat-
ed "Light-Fingered Louie"!
MISSING THE BOAT
The station agent from a small west-
ern town was making his first trip
to New York City. He was interested
in seeing the seals in Central Park and
the skyline, but the great moment of
the visit was to be his appointment with
the lawyer for his railroad whose offices
were in the Empire State Building.
The lawyer was a big man and a busy
one and he could not help being a
little surprised when the agent did not
arrive for the interview. It was not
until nearly two hours later that a faint
knock was heard on the door, and the
little agent limped in.
"What a climb," he gasped as he col-
lapsed into a chair. "Eighty flights of
stairs."
"Good heavens, man," exclaimed the
lawyer, "why didn't you take the ele-
vator?"
"Well, I planned to," said the agent,
"but it pulled out just as I got there."
"To our way of thinking some of the
Tory Congressmen are about like the
station agent. Instead of waiting for
collective bargaining to iron out the ex-
isting industrial turmoil (which result-
ed from the wartime laws and restric-
tions anyhow) they are bound and de-
termined to pass more laws — anti-labor
laws.
• • •
SOMETHING'S NOT WORKING
While veterans and workers are get-
ting bunions trying to find shirts and
suits, manufacturers warehouses are
bulging with these items, two news-
papers recently disclosed. The big boys
are holding out for an increase in
prices.
And it sort of reminds us of the man
from the gas company who knocked on
the door. When the housewife answered
he said:
"I understand there is something in
the house that won't work."
"Yes," replied the lady, "he's upstairs
lying down."
THE CARPENTER
13
SLIGHTLY IGNORANT OF FACTS
It's not very often that the workers
of America can get a laugh out of what
goes on in Congress. Last month, how-
ever, one of those rare occasions oc-
curred. "Rantin' John" Rankin was
blasting the unions for asking for more
wages. He pointed out that union mem-
bers were getting from a dollar to two
dollars per hour for their work while
cotton farmers in his own state were
getting only a few cents an hour in re-
turn for their time.
Up spoke Rep. Savage of Washington.
What Rankin was proving, he told the
House, was that the farmers needed
organization to protect themselves from
the brokers and middlemen who gob-
bled up cotton profits.
To our way of thinking, Savage could
have emphasized his remarks by point-
ing out that Rankin knew as much
about labor as the millionaire Jack
Benny tells about violins.
It seems this newly-rich millionaire
walked into a music store and asked
to see the most expensive violin in
the place. The clerk brought out a beau-
tiful Stradivarius.
"This is a genuine 1748 Strad," he
said, "priced at $50,000."
"'You mean it was made in 1748?"
asked the. customer.
"That's right," replied the clerk.
"Tell me," continued old moneybags,
"is the company that made it still in
business?"
"Of course not," answered the clerk.
"I'm sorry, it's no sale," said the
man. "What would I do for spare
parts?"
• • •
SLIGHTLY PHONY
We see by their propaganda that the
Communists are desperately trying to
inject themselves into the strike picture
and build themselves up as the cham-
pions of the working class.
About the only comment we can make
is to tell the story of the Hollywood
press agent who had a falling out with
one of the stars he was supposed to
publicize.
"Everything about you is phony,"
was his parting shot to the glamour girl.
"Even your hair, which looks false, is
actually your own."
REALLY NOT A JOKE
From the "Letters to the Editor"
column of a Chicago paper comes the
following little gem that pithily de-
scribes what some of our returning vets
run up against when they get home
from the wars.
"I am a discharged soldier. The
army says I can't wear my uniform
after I arrive home because I would
be impersonating a soldier.
"The stores say I can't buy a suit
because they haven't any in my size.
"The police say I can't go out on the
streets naked because it's against the
law.
"I would gladly stay off the streets,
but I can't find a house to live in, and
with a shortage of lumber, I can't buy
a barrel.
"Having been wounded, the army
won't take me back because I am not
physically fit.
"I shall be 21 in 1948. Can you tell
me who will be running on the Republi-
can ticket?"
Joe L.
• • •
A GOOD MOTTO TO REMEMBER
The next time you feel like criticising
somebody for not doing things the way
you think they ought to be done, it
might not be a bad idea to remember
the sign a certain Chicago business
agent has hanging on his office wall.
It says:
"A hammer is the only knocker that
does the world any good."
I was a fool to tell Henry he talks in
Ms sleep.
14
New government stabilization policy
puts premium on strikes, Watt warns
ylFL Charges Favoritism
THE American Federation of Labor publicly charged last month
that the government's new stabilization policy fails to assure
"equality of treatment for all workers" and constitutes an in-
vitation to strike.
Sharply dissenting from new regulations announced by the National
Wage Stabilization Board, Robert J. Watt, AFL member, bluntly declared
that the board's "conception of the government's so-called wage policy"
closes the door on millions of workers who prefer orderly procedure of
collective bargaining to going on
strike.
"It is an invitation to these work-
ers to resort to other means to gain
their just and equal rights," Mr.
Watt warned.
"The statement of policy adopted
by the board's majority is full of
uncertainties and can only contrib-
ute more confusion to an already
serious situation with the inevitable
result of further industrial unrest."
Mr. Watt asserted that the Execu-
tive Order issued by President Tru-
man after settlement of the steel
strike established as a general wage
standard an increase of 18^ cents an
hour above the wage rate in effect
Aug. 18, 1945.
He charged that Stabilization Di-
rector Bowles on Feb. 21 issued a
general order giving government
approval to such increases in basic
steel, iron mining, steel processing
and steel fabricating where such in-
creases were put into effect in set-
tlement of strikes existng on Feb.
14. But the same benefits were de-
nied to workers in similar plants
not on strike at that date.
Thus, Mr. Watt pointed out, a
privileged class was created for
strikers and other workers frozen
out.
The new regulations issued by the
National Wage Stabilization Board
bore out Mr. Watt's charges. The
board announced it would not be
guided by any single wage pattern
for the nation but would establish
or recognize industry-wide or area-
wide wage patterns. When these
patterns become "sufficiently well-
defined," wage increases coming
within their scope can be put into
effect without prior board approval.
The question of what constitutes
a "general pattern," said the board,
will depend upon the circumstances
and the historical relationships and
practices presented in a given case.
Settlements which have been
made only as interim settlements,
"with further adjustments clearly
being contemplated by the parties,
cannot, of course, be considered as
setting patterns," the board stated.
The board pointed out that where
no pattern has been established
wage and salary increases are ap-
provable for price-relief purposes
"only to the extent they are found
necessary to remove gross inequali-
ties as between related industries,
plants or classifications, to correct
substandard wage conditions or to
eliminate disparities between wage
THE CARPENTER 15
or salary increases and the increase identity." A second type "would be
in the cost of living." reflected in a similarity of wage-
The inequity standard, said the rate structures on a parallelism of
board, permits and requires a con- Job classifications even as between
sideration of cross-industry inequi- two industries which "might seek
ties. This comparison will be made their products in entirely different
both in terms of wage "rate" levels markets,
and wage increases. In considering a claim of "gross
At least two types of inter-in- inequities" as between rates be-
dustry relationships are recognized, tween related industries the board
The first includes "those relation- said, "it would be relevant that the
ships sometimes, although not al- effects of reconversion develop-
ways, reflected in such factors as ments upon wage or salary condi-
the similarity or interdependence of tions have been the same or differ-
products, or management or union ent in the two industries."
Crazy-quilt Controls Must Go — Green
In a hard-hitting address which made federal officials in Washington
sit up and take notice, AFL President William Green blasted the govern-
ment's unfair wage-price stabilization policy, condemned the administra-
tion's intervention in labor disputes and offered an entirely new program
to take the nation off its prolonged "emergency" status within one year.
Speaking to a large audience gathered in a local armory for the Car-
bondale, Pa., Central Labor Union's annual dinner, Mr. Green declared:
"I propose, first, that the present crazy-quilt stabilization program be
scrapped and that the President invite representatives of labor, industry
and agriculture to confer with him on the drafting of an entirely new one
which will be fair and just to the entire nation.
"Secondly, 1 recommend that this new policy be adopted for the dura-
tion of not more than one year, with the unequivocal commitment that at
the expiration of that time all government controls on wages and prices be
dropped.
"Finally, I urge with all the emphasis at my command that the govern-
ment eliminate itself from the sphere of labor-management relations ex-
cept for offering a strengthened Conciliation Service to both parties and
allow labor and industry to work out their problems through the proper
methods of collective bargaining and voluntary arbitration.
"In my opinion, even our great country cannot indefinitely sustain
the strain of living from one emergency to the next without relief. We
must set ourselves a reasonable deadline to get back to a normal basis and
meet that deadline. The American Federation of Labor will do its utmost
to help achieve that goal in the interests of preserving the American way
of life for the American people."
Editorial
There's More Work to be done
Some weeks ago a disastrous explosion in a coal mine at Pineville,
Kentucky, snuffed out the lives of twenty-four miners. Twenty-four fam-
ilies were bereaved and several times that many children were left with-
out a father and a breadwinner. To add to the tragedy, the bereaved
families stand to collect little or nothing because Kentucky is one of the
states in which it is not compulsory for employers to carry workmen's
compensation. The mine owners probably had their mules and equipment
covered by insurance but they didn't carry a dime's worth of insurance on
the lives of their miners.
Certainly this unhappy mishap calls attention to the need for a com-
pulsory workmen's compensation act in every state in the union. At the
present time there. are twenty-nine states that do not have such a law.
Organized labor should immediately start drawing up a campaign to see
that workmen's compensation is made compulsory in each of these states
at the very earliest possible moment.
Accidents in industry are increasing. More and more machines are
being invented to replace hand work; and machines mean whirling wheels
and grinding gears. Consequently they mean more accidents, too. Men
are being killed and maimed and crippled at an inexcusable rate already.
As more machines come into the picture the accident rate will go up.
These victims of industrial progress cannot be left to the mercies of
charity. Adequate provisions must be made for them and their families,
and it must be done on a compulsory basis. Greed is, sad to say, a pretty
general human frailty. Unless employers are compelled by law to carry
insurance on the lives and limbs of their employes many of them are not
going to do so in spite of anything anyone says or does. There are going
to be repetitions of the Kentucky tragedy and widows and orphans are
going to be left without any means of support so long as workmen's com-
pensation remains elective rather than compulsory in a single state.
While the most important feature of workmen's compensation is to
insure means of support for injured workers and their families, there is
another aspect to it. When someone carries insurance on the lives and
limbs of workers, that someone makes it a point to see that industrial
hazards are kept to a minimum. This is true where private companies
carry the insurance. The fewer accidents that occur, the more money they
make. Consequently they make it a point to enforce safety standards.
Where an employer does not cooperate, they raise the rates on him and
that soon brings him to time — employers as a rule being very vulnerable
in the region of the pocketbook. However, this same thing holds pretty
much true even where the states carries the insurance. It pays an em-
ployer to keep his working places safe. So compulsory insurance would
THE CARPENTER 17
not only guarantee to victims of industrial accidents means of support
but it would also eliminate accidents.
It was the untiring efforts of organized labor that brought about
workmen's compensation in the first place. Now the time has come for
the exertion of similar efforts to wipe out shortcomings of workmen's
compensation in the various states where it is not compulsory. The
Kentucky mine accident has vividly called to our attention the tragedy
that can hit a community when the state in which it is located has no
compulsory workmen's compensation program. It ought to inspire us to
carry on an unending fight for adequate compulsory compensation laws
in every one of the forty-eight states and the territories as well.
»
About Time Somebody Told Us
Last month the headlines thoroughly worked over the case of a Cali-
fornia oil man. It seems this gentleman was appointed to a post in the
Navy Department. When his name came up for confirmation by the Senate
committee, a stink that could be -detected clear out to the Rocky Moun-
tains developed. A cabinet member charged that the oil man tried a few
3'ears previously to buy off government action in some sort of a deal in-
volving oil lands on the Pacific Coast. There followed the usual barrage
of charges and counter-charges.
What the merits of any of these charges or counter-charges are we are
in no position toknow. However, we do think the matter focuses attention
on a problem that could be pondered on a bit to good advantage.
Why are appointments to the State Department, the diplomatic corps
and even to military government confined so largely to big shot industrial-
ists? It seems that almost every time a man is appointed to handle our re-
lations with a foreign nation some tycoon of industry is given the nod.
Being in the upper income brackets seems to be one of the qualifications
needed for such an appointment. Why?
Certainly it can't be said these tycoons are doing a good job. Never
in our history were our foreign relations in worse shape. We won the war
but we are emerging the most hated nation on the globe despite the sacri-
fices we made to insure victory. We functioned as the arsenal of democ-
racy. We footed the major portion of the bill. We fed and are still feed-
ing a big percentage of the world. And most important of all, millions of
our boys journeyed to all parts of the world to lock horns with the enemy.
Does our war record merit any hate from anyone but the Germans and
Japs? Certainly not. Yet we are getting it in big doses.
The situation in Germany may be the tipoff. A few weeks ago Farben
stock skyrocketed upward — this despite the fact that our authorities in
Germany tell us emphatically Farben is nothing more than a name. It
takes no deep thinker to realize that something rings phony. Who drove
the price of Farben stock upward? Was it the carpenters or coal miners
or plumbers of Germany who bought the stock? Decidedly not. The work-
ers can't even buy bread. It was the big shots who bought the stock. And
if they bought it they bought it because they know something from the
inside. Somewhere something isn't going according to Hoyle. We are
supposed to be eliminating German industry and wiping out its war mak-
ing potential.
IS THE CARPENTER
The fact that we have so many American industrialists directing- our
policy in Germany may or may not have something to do with the situation.
Anyway, we can't be blamed for wondering — especially in view of the
fact that industrial dollars from America played quite a pre-war role in
keeping German industry functioning in high gear what with cartels,
secret agreements, and the rest of the unsavory tie-ups.
Why not a few labor leaders for our diplomatic work with other
nations? Certainly few men have better training for handling knotty
problems than our labor leaders. Almost from the day they accept their
first union office they have to negotiate, arbitrate, and diplomatically
handle a host of problems. Can anyone deny that John L. Lewis, Joe
Keenan or Bill Hutcheson is a master negotiator? Can anyone ever accuse
them of working for anything but the best interests of the people they
represent? The answer is a loud "No" to both questions.
Then why aren't men of this caliber utilized by Uncle Sam? Why do
men with fat purses always get the nod? Frankly we don't know. But we
think its about time somebody told us.
•
Nothing Endures Half Slave, Half Free
Maybe it is only coincidence that this is an election year, but at any
rate the vicious Case anti-labor bill has been smothered in committee in
the Senate. Let no one be fooled, however. Anti-labor legislation is not
a dead issue. The industrialists have too many hirelings in Washington
and too much money in their coffers to lay down just because they receive
one setback. Other anti-labor bills are in the process of being conceived
right now. Business seems to be determined to place legislative shackles
on organized labor. Yet anyone endowed with a modicum of common
sense knows that every blow business aims at labor is a blow at free enter-
prise.
For a long time business has been talking about the necessity for pre-
serving "free enterprise." With this proposition no honest American has
any quarrel. But how long can enterprise remain free if all segments of it
— workers as well as owners — are not free? Not very long, is the answer.
Freedom is an emphemeral thing-. Everyone must be free, or nobody is
free. Abe Lincoln expressed it best when he said, "This nation or any
nation can not long endure half slave and half free." To business it may
appear right now that smashing unions through drastic legislation would
work to its advantage. Perhaps that's true — for awhile. But in the end
it would find itself shackled as surely and as irrevocably as the unions.
Today business is chaffing under the ever-increasing amount of federal
control. Yet if you will look back a few decades you will find that it was
business itself that promoted greater centralization in Washington. It
wanted a freer hand to expand across state borders. It got what it
wanted and now it is unhappy.
Now it wants labor shackled. Can it not see that schackles for labor
would eventually mean its own shackling as well? Unfortunately, no.
Some business leaders are too blinded by the promise of immediate profits
to look very far into the future. To these we commend the words of Abe
Lincoln with a little bit of paraphrasing. "Free enterprise cannot long
endure half slave and half free."
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, ln<J.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Secretary
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind,
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
103481 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif.
Third District. HARRY SCHWARZER
3684 W. 136th St., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
1182 St. Lawrence, Em. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St.. Florence. S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
Notice to Recording Secretaries
The quarterly circular for the months of April; May and June,
1946, containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to all Local
Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in receipt
of this circular should notify Frank Duffy, Carpenters' Building, Indian-
apolis, Indiana.
INFORMATION REGARDING SERVICE MEN
When making inquiries regarding members or prospective members who have
served in the armed forces, it is imperative to set forth in your letter the date of
induction and, particularly, date of discharge, or attach copy of discharge papers.
This will avoid unnecessary correspondence and result in an early reply from the
General Office. AVe also call your attention to a G. E. B. ruling that states:
"The question of men in the Service of the United States or
Canada over the age limit of apprentices, or those who have not
completed their apprenticeship before entering the Service, was care-
fully considered, after which it was decided that these men on pres-
entation of an Honorable Discharge be admitted to the Brotherhood
as apprentices without the payment of an Initiation Fee subject to
the acceptance by the Local Union of their applications."
21 n ffllzm&vinm
Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
The Editor has been requested to publish the name*
of the following Brothers who have passed away.
Brother JOHN AUMANN, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother SHEPPARD H. BLIZZARD, Local No. 122, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother GEORGE COSTA, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother B. B. DO WD A, Local No. 103, Birmingham, Ala.
Brother FRITZ EVENSON, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.
Brother AMOS GORE, Local No. 2960, Silsbee, Tex.
Brother GEORGE R. GUMBLE, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.
Brother GUSTAF GUSTAVSON, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother JOHN HAMMERON, Local No. 200, Columbus Ohio.
Brother CLIFFORD A. JONES, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio.
Brother HENRY W. JONES, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Brother WILLIAM KAMINSKI, Local No. 1922, Chicago, 111.
Brother JESSIE LANDERS, Local No. 90, Evansville, Ind.
Brother JOHN LESKO, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother JAMES McCOLLUM, Local No. 287, Harrisburg, Pa.
Brother ANGUS McDONALD, Local No. 517, Portland, Me.
Brother GEO. NEWMAN, Local No. 73, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother ERNEST SCHAW, Local No. 1922, Chicago, 111.
Brother HERMAN E. SCHULTZ, Local No. 1485, Laporte, Ind.
Brother HAROLD B. SMITH, Local No. 229, Glens Falls, N. Y.
Brother LESTER STOUDT, Local No. 287, Harrisburg, Pa.
Brother A. R. TILLER, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother CLAUDE T. VERNER, Local No. 1849, Pasco, Wash.
H* tvka tags* ^cttxtn \(x% life in defense ai n cause beemtb
kg Ijim ixx be just is, in ilje eues rtf O^oit anfr ntan, a tjcro.
• * •
2£iUe& ?(n ^rfi0n
*
Brother Stephen Korus, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio
Brother Raymond Zielinski, Local No. 1573, West Allis, Wis.
• • •
WX^B^TT^T'iii. ''Mil W ~Mf,< ML' ,„ ,,,.i,ii.ii||, , , ...at
ll.l .nilllilm .1. . iii,|,IMttttM".,i.| i..U!! . " fi^- ■ . i ■ I **»'. ■■■■■■_;■ ! I1,!. .1 Tnjjfj
ZZ&' tg^
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CorrospondoncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
San Mateo-Burlingame Local Starts Apprentice School
The first carpenter apprenticeship training school in the Bay Area under
the veterans' vocational rehabilitation and educational training program
recently opened at the San Mateo Junior College. Sponsored jointly by
the San Mateo-Burlingame Carpenters' Local No. 162 and the Peninsula
General Contractors' and Builders' Association the school started with 37
apprentices.
Thirty-seven apprentice carpenters, all discharged veterans, who recently began
classroom training under the GI educational program at the San Mateo Junior Col-
lege sponsored jointly by the San Mateo-Burlingame Carpenters' Local No. 162
and the Pensinsula General Contractors and Builders Association. Left to right:
Front row — Robert A. Eisen, Richard J. Ragni, George N. Shoemaker, Serafino
Ragni, Ernest Gori, C. C. Kerins, Douglas B. Wilson and Mike Toksa. Seated —
C. D. Price, E. C. Nichols, E. Damia Jr., S. M. Fitzgerald, Otto Boehm, W. R.
Willis, Lee Barsocchini, R. J. Bernardo and R. W. Jones. Standing — Reginald
Granucci, Frank Fox, John Cassell, Edwin A. Whitney, Robert Vassar, Roy Nelson,
Robert Rudsisill, Henry R. Burt, John J. Kerrigan, C. A. Rulfs, Herbert Sanders,
William N. March, Daniel C. Sanders, Samuel Wolfe, Vernon Kappes, Ramond
Canadas, Albert Soeth, Arthur J. Belton and Bliss E. Reeve.
All of the apprentices are discharged veterans now working for local
contractors at apprenticeship wages with a goal of becoming journeyman
carpenters at the end of their four-year apprenticeship.
The local training school is being held under the leadership of U. S.
Simonds Jr., business agent of Local No. 162, William Kelly of San Fran-
THE CARPENTER 23
cisco, apprenticeship coordinator of the Bay District Council of Carpen-
ters, and Herbert Holsher, Harry Smith and George Chamberlain of the
Peninsula General Contractors' and Builders' Association. The course is
approved by the Federal Veterans' Administration, the division of appren-
ticeship training- of the State Department of Industrial Relations and the
State Department of Education.
Initial instructors of the school will be Rene Johnston and Silas Hays,
both of Burlingame, journeymen craftsmen sanctioned as instructors by
the San Mateo Junior College. Other instructors will be added as the
course of training progresses. Class meeting will be held on Tuesday
and Thursday evenings for two and a half hours each.
The school program will cover all phases of carpentry, including blue
print reading, rafter framing, mathematics, use and care of hand tools and
interior and exterior trimming.
At a later date Local No. 162 plans to institute a refresher course for
journeymen members recently discharged from the armed forces. This
type of instruction is also provided under the GI Bill of Rights and
Simonds anticipates that a large number of veterans will take advantage
of this training.
Local No. 162 has waived initiation fees for all journeymen recently
discharged from the armed forces who are not union members or who
allowed their union membership to lapse prior to going into the service.
Ware, Mass., Marks 43rd Birthday
"On January 19, the members of Local Union No. 1630, Ware, Mass.,
sponsored a banquet and celebration in honor of the approaching Forty-
third Anniversary of the founding of the Local Union. The Local will
reach the Forty-third milestone of the granting of its charter by the Inter-
national Union on May 19.
Some ninety members and their families and friends sat down to a
sumptuous turkey dinner at the celebration. Red, white and blue candles
burned on all the tables which were arranged in the form of a huge "C"
for "Carpenters." Many dignitaries both in and out of the labor move-
ment attended as special guests. Frank Cebula, outstanding selectman of
Ware who has on many occasions worked closely with Local 1630, was one
of the honored guests. In his short address following the banquet he
paid high tribute to the officers and members of the Local Union and
praised them for their cooperative spirit in all things pertaining to the
betterment of the community.
Other guest speakers included Representative William Francis of the
Massachusetts State Council of Boston, Harry Hogan, Business Agent
of the Springfield District Council, and several invited contractors. Spe-
cial tribute was paid to William Hathaway, oldest charter member of the
Local and president of the union since its inception. A sum of money
was presented to him during the evening as a token of the Local's esteem
for his long and faithful service. During the evening the minutes of the
first meeting, held May 19, 1903 were read.
In addition to President Hathaway, two other charter members attend-
ed. They were: Bro. James Bousquet, initiated July 2, 1903, and P. Robi-
24 THE CARPENTER
doux, initiated September i, 1904. Brother Exeas Bousquet who has held
membership in the Brotherhood for almost forty-seven years was pre-
vented from being present by ill health.
All who attended proclaimed the celebration a huge success and indi-
vidually and collectively wished Local Union 1630 many more years of
continued success.
Local No. 794 Holds Party
On January 23, 1946 at the City Hall in Leominster, Mass., Local 794
played host to their wives, the members of Local 778 of Fitchburg, Mass.,
and their wives at an anniversary party. The affair was a resumption of
parties that were interrupted during the war years due to rationing and
the necessity of conserving food. They were resumed with the hope that
never again would they be interrupted by war conditions. A supper of
turkey and all the fixin's was served and enjoyed by the three hundred
attending.
*
Guests included International Representative William Francis of Bos-
ton, Mass.; State Senator George Stanton of Fitchburg, Mass.; President
of Massachusetts State Council of Carpenters, Harry Hogan of Spring-
field, Mass.; State Representative Arthur U. Mahan of Leominster, Mass.;
and Mayor Mathais LaPierre of Leominster.
All spoke briefly and interestingly after the dinner. Also present as
guests were the members of the Leominster City Council and several
Union Contractors from the district acquainting themselves with social
activities of the Local.
Six high class acts of vaudeville and dancing were presented following
the speaking program. They were greatly enjoyed and the local has been
highly praised for the splendid evening that was provided.
Father Initiates Son
At the regular meeting of Carpen-
ters' Local 1354, Ogdensburg, N. Y.,
held Jan. 8, William J. Kinch, center,
president of the Local, initiated his
son Pfc. Joseph A. Kinch, right, vet-
eran of World War II, into the
union. Shown at the left is Fred La-
point, conductor. Mr. Kinch joined the
Local when he was 28 years old and
has been a member for 43 consecutive
years. Pfc. Kinch is 28. This is the
first time in the history of the Og-
densburg Local that a father has ini-
tiated his son at the same age as he himself was when he joined.
Springfield, Mo., Ladies Have Full Calendar
The Editor:
Ladies Auxiliary No. 431 of Springfield, Mo., wishes to extend greet-
ings to all sister auxiliaries and thanks for the "Ladies Page" of The
Carpenter.
We formed our organization in November of 1944 and have been quite
active ever since. We have very generously contributed to all worthwhile
causes and done our best to support every activity aimed at promoting the
war effort or building up our community and country.
We meet on the first Tuesday night of each month for our business
meeting. At the conclusion of our meeting we serve refreshments to
members and their husbands. On third Tuesdays we hold a Pot Luck
Supper. These affairs have proved to be very successful and a splendid
way of getting everyone better acquainted with fellow members.
We are now undertaking the making of lap robes, tray cloths, etc. for
the Veterans' Hospital of J efferson Barracks, Mo. All members are work-
ing very hard on this worthy project.
AVe had a fine Thanksgiving Banquet with the Label League as our
special guests. Everyone enjoyed the affair immensely. In December we
sponsored a very successful Christmas party for our families. Santa Claus
was naturally present with gifts for the children and treats for all.
Each new baby in our group is presented with a lovely blanket. We
also remember our sick with flowers and cards. These things are paid for
out of a special fund maintained through a small collection at each
meeting.
At the present writing we are planning a Sweetheart Party for Valen-
tines. It is to consist ,of a box supper with games and entertainment to
follow. This is scheduled for February 14. Proceeds collected from the
sale of boxes will be used to help build up our treasury.
We give sincere thanks to our carpenters (Local 978) for starting us
off with our charter and for the use of the lovely banquet room at Car-
penters' Hall, 738 Boonville Ave.
Hoping to hear from our sister auxiliaries, we are,
Fraternally,
Mrs. Edith Jeffryes, Rec. Sec.
ARE YOU
to the
Union Label?
Union people who do not boost union
label goods are unfair to their union
and unfair to themselves . . . because
union-made means well-made!
Raleigh Cigarettes are the most
widely distributed union label product
in the world . . . every time you say
"A pack of Raleighs" you boost your
union label !
Be fair to your label,
yourself . . .
. be fair to
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 211
A carpenter should, take such care
of his tools, that, as it were, they be-
come like intimate friends; which is to
say, that if a tool is properly cared for,
it will always be on friendly terms with
the carpenter who uses it. We have
known carpenters who held sort of
friendly conversations with some of
their tools — they talked to them as
if the tools could understand. The prin-
cipal factor that was responsible for
this feeling was that the carpenter
knew how to sharpen his tools so that
they would do good work. When he
Fig. 1
picked up any one of his planes, it pro-
duced exactly the results that he want-
ed. When he was sawing lumber, his
saw cut smoothly and the ring indicated
that a carpenter was using it. His hand
ax had a keen edge and so did his
chisels. His success was largely due to
his tools, and they were what they
were because he made them that way.
And then we have seen carpenters who
would cuss their tools, and frequently
when a tool produced unfavorable re-
sults the man would throw it away and
start calling it names — the principal
that meant so much to the first carpen-
ter, in this carpenter's case was acting
in reverse.
The scrub plane is the plane that
takes the greater part of the hard
knocks. It is the forerunner of the jack
plane, in many cases preparing the way
for the jack plane to finish up the job.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a scrub
plane.
The scrub plane is perhaps used more
in door fitting than in any other one
thing. When a door has to be cut
down, the scrub plane is the one that
will do it in the shortest length of
time. Fig. 2 shows a corner of a door,
and by dotted lines the amount of the
door that will have to be cut off in order
to make it fit the opening. This is done
Fig. 2
mostly with the scrub plane, which
leaves the edge of the door somewhat
in the order shown by Fig. 3. What we
are showing here has little more order
than what we would find in practice.
The little hollows left by the plane, run
almost parallel to each other in this
drawing; while in practice they cross
each other, and the man who operates
the plane has to make many strokes
that are not shown in this illustration.
28
THE CARPENTER
Fig. 3
The- important thing, however, that
must be watched closely, especially
when the cutting is coming close to the
deadline, is not to cut too much with
the scrub plane. The deadline is shown
here by dotted lines, while the upper
dotted lines show how much wood has
been cut off.
When the scrub planing is finished,
the door hanger takes his jack plane or
Fig. 5
his fore plane and cuts the wood off to
the deadline. And if he wants an extra
good job, he uses the jointer which
gives the edge of the door a perfectly
straight smooth finish, as shown by Fig.
4, where the dotted lines indicate how
much of the door has been planed off.
Some carpenters use the jack plane
exclusively for fitting doors, but then
the bit must be sharpened on the order
of sharpening jointer bits. Others use
the fore plane exclusively for fitting
doors, but the door hanger who wants
Fig. 4
Fig. 6
an A-number-1 job, usually does the
finishing work with a jointer.
Fig. 5 shows one end of a base board
that has not been backed. To the left
is shown how the first cut with a scrub
THE CARPENTER
29
plane has been made, and then by dot-
ted lines on the end of the board, is
shown how other cuts will have to be
taken to complete the job of backing,
which is exaggerated. The part shown
by dotted lines, to the left of the groove,
is cut out with a jack plane. When this
work has been finished, the board will
Fig. 7
appear like what is shown by Fig. 6,
where we again show parallel grooves
cut by the scrub plane, which in prac-
tice will not be so orderly. The little
ridges, if necessary, are usually, cut off
with the jack plane, as indicated by the
dotted lines just under the ridges on
the end of the board.
Fig. 7 shows the end of a board with
the scrub-plane work finished and the
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
CARPENTRY, — Has over 300 pages, more than 750
illustrations, covering carpentry from staking out to
fitting and hanging doors. Price, $2.50.
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— This book covers hun-
dreds of practical building problems, has 252 pages and
670 illustrations. Price $2.50.
BUILDING.— This book has 210 pages and 495
Illustrations, covering form building, scaffolding, finish-
ing, plans for a house, stair-building, roof framing
and other subjects, Price $2.50. (Carpentry, Building
and Quick Construction, each supports the other two.)
PUSHING BUTTONS.— A story that all who have to
work will want to read. Cloth bound. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT,— Poetry, 64 pages, brown
cloth binding and two-color title page. Only $1.
Postage prepaid when money accompanies the order.
222 So. Const. St.
Emporia, Kansas
FREE.— A copy of TWIGS OF THOUGHT free with
every 3 books bought. All books autographed.
°X. H. H. SIEGELE
by a jack plane, which is exaggerated,
for the curve to which a jack plane bit
is sharpened is so slight that it can not
be represented in a drawing without
exaggeration. What has just been said,
can be applied to a shaving made by a
fore plane, when the cutting edge of the
bit is slightly rounded. To the right we
show a cross section of a shaving made
by a jointer, which is also exaggerated.
The fore plane makes a similar shaving
when its bit is sharpened like that of a
jointer.
When a plane bit chatters it has hit a
knot or a tough spot in the wood. But
that isn't the only thing that causes
chattering. The bit might be ground
to too sharp an angle. The cap iron
might not be set right. (The point of
the cap iron should be about 1/16 of an
inch from the cutting edge of the bit.)
The cap screw might need tightening.
Scruh
Jack
Fig. 8
jack-plane work indicated by dotted
lines. This board might be a casing, an
apron or some other kind of finishing
board that was not backed at the mill.
Fig. 8 gives a cross section of a board,
showing heavily shaded cross sections
of three shavings as they would be cut
from the surface of a board by the
different planes represented. The one
shown to the left, is a cross section of
a shaving cut by a scrub plane, which
is hardly exaggerated. At the center we
have a cross section of a shaving made
Any one or several of these things
might cause a plane bit to chatter.
Every carpenter must learn by experi-
ence just what to do to hold chattering
down to a minimum.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
. *
Miters
A miter joint is any joint made on
an angle, whether it is on a 45-degree
angle or not; in other words, there are
as many kinds of miters as there are
angles. The 45-degree miter is perhaps
30
THE CARPENTER
the most commonly used, and for that
reason is often thought of as beinfe THE
miter. Sometimes miter joints cut on
angles other than 45-degrees are called,
"member cuts," which implies that the
cut is made in such a manner that the
two pieces join each other so as to make
the various beads and lines of the
moulding come together right, or as
one would say, make them member.
The accompanying illustrations show
two methods of obtaining miter cuts.
The first operation is to set one leg of
the compass at point 1, Fig. A, and from
this point strike lines 2, 2. Having these
points, without changing the compass,
strike 3, 3 from points 2, 2. A line
drawn through the intersections of 3, 3
will give the miter that will make the
mouldings member.
Another method shown by Fig. A:
Strike 4, 4 at any convenient distance
from 2, 2 and draw a line from where
4, 4 cross through point 1, which gives
the miter. The same method is shown at
B, where points b, b are struck from
point a. Then from points b, b strike
the part-circles c c. A line from where
these cross through point a, gives the
miter.
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ADDING MACHINE
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Operates with a flick of your finger,
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^AklllhJ'>^«J4H^I!Bn[.pyTZ^
Fredericks Sales Agency Dept. C-4 '
32 North State Chicago 2, Illinois J
Gentlemen : Please send me a Baby Calculator
on your money back guarantee.
NAME
ADDRESS
CITY State
&
THEY HAVE'
OUR CHART Big 27"x36" blue print chart
on the steel square, Starting Key, also
new Radial Saw Chart. Blue print shows
how to find length of any rafter and
make its cuts, find any angle in degrees,
frame any polygon 3 to 16 sides and cut
its mitres, read board foot and brace
tables, octagon scale, rafter tables and
much other valuable information. Can be
scaled down for model work as well as full
scale framing. Radial Saw Chart changes pitch-
es and cuts into degrees and minutes. Every
carpenter should have these charts. Complete
set for 50c coin or M.O. — no stamps or checks.
MASON AND PARRISH, ENGINEERS
2105 No. Burdick St., Dept. C-5 Kalamazoo 81, Mich.
Locksmithiog and key making
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Practical up-to-date course teaches
you how to pick locks, de-code,
make masterkeys, repair, install,
service, etc. New self-instruction
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gunsmith, 53 easy illustrat-
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Get FREE Details
ey back. Big Success-Catalog Free.
NELSON CO., 1139 S. Wabash, Dept. 3D66. Chicago 5, III.
,— — "-Free Details— Mail Coupon Today.'— — -j j
Nelson Co., Dept. 3D66, 1139 S. Wabash, Chicago 5 ■
Please send me — FREE and without obligation — j
illustrated Success-Catalog containing information about I
Locksmithing and Key making. No salesmen will call. ■
NAME ,
ADDRESS .
CITY.
.STATE |
UNION-MADE
CARPENTER'S OVERALLS
• Lee Exclusive
Tailored Sizes
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Fabrics
• Sanforized
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FOR
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SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plans, estimate, be a live-wire builder, do
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fusely Illustrated books cover subjects that will help you
to get more work and make more money. Architectural de-
sign and drawing, estimating, Bteel square, roof framing,
construction, painting and decorating; heating, air-condi-
tioning, concrete forms and many other subjects are included.
BETTER JOBS- BETTER PAY i*J:TmtHi
Keep busy now at good pay, and be till I IVH
prepared for after-war building boom. These books are
Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to-
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete
ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub-
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lhat helps solve building problems. many subjects.
Coupon Brings Eight Big Books For Examination
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Vocational Publishers since 1898
Dept. G436 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.
Tou may ship me the TJp-to-Date edition of your eight
big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges
only, and if fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 is paid. I am not obligated in any
way unless I keep the books.
Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one business
man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.
r
Designed by Master Craftsmen
We've combined everything in this saw tha
master carpenters have been asking (or. Per-
fect grip — taper ground, extra-flex blade —
shape that follows the curve easily. Try it,
you'll say 0-B craftsmen know saw design.
OHLEN-BISHOP MFG. CO.
906 Inglesirie, Columbus, Ohio
No. 20 GREYHOUND COMPASS
OHUN-BISHOPk
SAWS
J
BLACK on WHITE for BETTER SSGHT
i . gart :w.ai . , . jga . , . ig.Hr. ■ . ie,ei : ■ . ga : ■ . WM \ ■ ■ km , , JH-
WYTEFACE Steel Tapes have black graduations on a crack-proof
white surface. Easy to read in any light, from any angle. Faster
measurements with fewer errors. Designed for hard service. Resists
abrasion from rails, pipe, rocks, concrete. Protected against rust.
KEUFFEL & ESSER
EST. 1867
NEW YORK • HOBOKEN, N. J.
CHICAGO • DETROIT • ST. LOUIS
SAN FRANCISCO • LOS ANGELES
MONTREAL
Drafting
Reproduction
Surveying Equipment
and Materials
Slide Rules
Measuring Tapes
950
955
LEAD AND
FIBER TYPES
Use Paine Woodscrew An-
chors for bushing wood-
screw holes— for fastenings
in brick, tile, marble, slate
and wood furring— and for
miscellaneous carpentry jobs.
They are inexpensive, de-
pendable and easy to use.
Both fiber and lead types
expand uniformly as screw
is tightened. Available in a
wide variety of sizes.
Ask your Hardware Dealer
or Write tor Catalog.
THE PAINE CO.
2967 Carroll Ave.
Chicago, III.
Offices in Principal Cities.
- PAINE-
FA STE NING /)£|/|/T f
and HANGING l/L VILlJ
BUSINGS/
MAKE A GOOD LIVING IN YOUR OWN
BUSINESS — sharpening saws with the
the Foley Automatic Saw Filer. It makes
old saws cut like new again. All hand saws,
also band saws and cross-cut circular
saws can be filed on this ONE machine.
THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF SAWS TO
BE FILED in your own neighborhood, used
by farmers, carpenters, homes, schools,
factories, etc. W. L. Tarrant writes : "I
left my old job last September and in 10
months have filed 2,159 saws. We have a
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SEND FOR FREE PLAN
— Shows how to start
this steady cash busi-
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418-6 Foley Bldg.
Minneapolis 13, Mlnn.j
>. Send Free Plan on Saw Filing business
k. obligation.
X. Name
Address
'MAAAAAJUAAJu*JUULJkJkAAAAAAAAAAJki
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
rlgnt to reject all advertising matter which may
be. In their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
tho membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising space In "The Car-
penter." Including those stipulated as non-can-
ccllaole, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Adding Machine
Page
Fredericks Sales Ag., Chicago, 111. 30
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 32
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford, 111. 3
Keuffel & Esser Co., Hoboken,
N. J 31
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover
Molly Corp., Detroit, Mich 3
Ohlen-Bishop Mfg. Co., Colum-
bus, Ohio 31
Paine Company, Chicago, 111. 32
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
The Celotex Corp., Chicago, 111 4
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford
City, Ind 4th Cover
Overalls
The H. D. Lee Co., Kansas City,
Mo. 31
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 31
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y 3rd Cover
Gateway Publishing Co., Chi-
cago, 111. 1
Nelson Co., Chicago, 111 30
Mason & Parrish, Engineers,
Kalamazoo, Mich. 30
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans. 29
Tamblyn Syetem, Denver, Colo— 3
Tobacco Products
Brown & Wiliamson Tobacco Co.,
Louisville, Ky. 26
KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS
yOU CAN DO .YOUR LEVEL-BEST WITH
STANLEY
CHERRY LEVELS
No. 23 Level is made of seasoned, kiln-dried cherry wood,
sealed against moisture. Its six "Cat's Eye" glasses are
fully adjustable in pairs at any point of the circle, any
angle desired, or for degree of pitch to the foot. Dust-tight,
water-tight cases — adjustment protected by fixed cover
plate so glasses remain true against accidental blows. Ask for Stanley
Cherry Levels and other Stanley Tools by name.
STANLEY TOOLS, 163 Elm St., New Britain, Conn.
THE TOOL BOX
[STANLEY]
OF THE WORLD
AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides
[4vols.*6
Buildi _
all Woodworkers. These
Guides give you the ahort-cut
instructions that you want—
Inside Trade Information On:
How to use the Bteel SQtiare — How to file and set
eawa — How to build furniture — How to use a
mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How to use
rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpenters
arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems— ^Es-
timating strength of timbers — How to set girders
end sills — How to frame houses and roofs — How to
estimate costs — How to build houses, barns, gar-
ages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw
plans — Drawing up specifications — How to ex-
cavate—How to use settings 12, 13 and 17 on the
steel square — How to build hoists and scaffolds—
skylights — How to .build stairs — How to put on
interior trim — How to hang doors — How to lath-
lay floors — How to paint
■ method .
solutions, plane, systems and
money saving suggestions. An
easy progressive course for the
apprentice and student. A
practical daily helper and
Quick Reference for the master
worker. Carpenters every-
where are UBing these Guides
bb a Helping Hand to Easier
Work. Better Work and Bet-
ter Pay. To get this assist-
ance lor yourself, dimply nil
in «nd mail the FREE COU-
PON below.
THEO. AUDEL & CO., 49 W. 23rd St., New York City
Mail Audels Carpenter* and Builders Guides. 4 vols., on 7 days' free trial. If O.K.
I will remit $1 in 7 days, and SI monthly until 40 is paid. Otherwise I will return them'
Ho obligation unless I am satisfied.
Name.
Occupation .
Reursnee . .
GAR
' YOUR
CONTRACT
JOBS
FASTER
MODEL 80
CAPACITY 2V2"
«"** A MallSaw
■k Save your time and lumber
•k Cut more lumber with less effort
• Get better fitting members
MallSaws are light in weight. Easy to
handle and operate from any regular
electrical outlet. 2 powerful models
with 8" and 12" blades; 2Vz" and 4%7
cutting capacities.
Ask your Dealer or Write for Literature.
MALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago Av., Chicago 19, 111.
25 Years of "Better Tools For Better Work."
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
\
LEST WE FORGET
MILLIONS DIED THAT RIGHT COULD TRIUMPH OVER MIGHT:
IF WE FAIL TO BUILD A BETTER WORLD, THEY DIED IN VAIN j
U. S. Cemetery on two
w
MAY, 19 4 6
For A
Good Building
Vational Labor Service
It Takes
Good Bricks
^\\T7-BY 10 CARPENTERS
AM°B Ire 9 owners OF
THERE ARE v v^
DISSTON HANDJ^I^
J.N a recent survey among thousands of
carpenters, in all parts of the country, 92 out
of every 100 reported they own Disston saws.'
The reasons they give for this outstanding
preference include all the features that make a
top quality saw. For instance, to quote a few:
• "The Disston hand saw stays sharp
longer and holds a better set."
• "Disston saws are made of better
steel."
• "You cannot beat a Disston saw for
good clean cutting and long life."
Disston makes a complete line of saws for the
carpenter. A widespread favorite of carpenters
is the Disston D-8 illustrated and briefly
described here.
Av/^A^>AA'VVVAA'VvVVv*v'v^VvVVAA'VVVWVSA/\/VV^^
DISSTON D-8
Medium weight, Skew-back pattern. Made in 20-inch 10 points cross-cut; 24-inch 8 and
10 points cross-cut; 26-inch 7, 8, 10 and 11 points cross-cut; and 5V2 points rip.
Ask your hardware retailer for
a FREE copy of the Disston
Saw, Tool and File Manual,
or write to us direct.
HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC.
504 Tacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa., U.S.A.
imrav
The saw most Carpenters use
MIMIIIIIlJlllIlllllllllllllllIIIIIIIIIllllUIIIIIIJJJllllllllllllllllllllllJl
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Miehisran Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Established in 1881
Vol. LXVI — No. 5
INDIANAPOLIS, MAY, 1946
One Dollar Per Tear
Ten Cents a Copy
— Con tents —
Red Tape Won't Keep Out Rain
It is a sad fact that the construction industry— which faces the greatest task of all during
the next few years— is the most regulated industry in our economy. There are endless
supplies of directives, orders, rules, and regulations but there is a shortage of building
materials and houses.
Building Codes Under Attack
Columnists and commentators with private axes to grind are systematically attacking all
Building Codes and demanding their repeal, despite the fact Building Codes reflect the
accumulated wisdom of years of trial and error.
Labor Rises Again
- ' - 12
Free end democratic labor movements— the first casualties of the dictators— are rebuilding
in Europe and emerging from underground where they fought an unyielding fight against
all totalitarianism.
* • *
OTHER DEPARTMENTS:
Plane Gossip
Editorials -
Official
In Memoriam
Correspondence -
To the Ladies
Craft Problems
10
16
20
21
22
24
26
Index to Advertisers
29
Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
THESE BOOKS CAN HELP YOU. . .
V&XT.
How to earn more money, is one question that interests men
of all professions. Carpenters and Woodworkers find that
Gateway Books provide the kind of help that makes their time
more valuable . . . worth more money. That's because Gateway
Books are written by men like H. H. Siegele ... a woodworker from
the tips of his toes to the top of his head. Men like Siegele are giving
YOTJ the benefit of their years of training and experience. These men
have helped thousands do a BETTER job, EASIER, in LESS time. These
books can help you too. Study this list of practical books carefully.
ORDER FROM THIS LIST NOW!
1. CARPENTRY CRAFT PROBLEMS. Written by H. H.
Siegele. This book contains over 300 pages and 700 illustra-
tions covering the solution of problems encountered by wood-
workers. Tool, fireproof construction, boxing win- A _
dow and door frames and estimating jobs 02.^0
2. BUILDING— FORMS, STAIRS, ROOFS. This book is
a favorite of carpenters all over the country because it gives
principles of Roof Framing, Setting Jambs, Flooring and
Floors, Foundation plans and details, Elevations and sec-
tions, geometrical stairs, Balusters, Roof Pitches, d> cn
irregular plan roofs, etc. 495 illust. 210 pages. v2'5"
3. QUICK CONSTRUCTION. Partial list of contents in-
clude: Platform problems, Special uses of tools. Job-made
tools, bridging and flooring problems, screens and mitering
mouldings, window frame problems, Flashing, Sills, Stools,
Porch and Stair problems. Carpenter made furniture. Ogee and
other cuts. Tricks of the trade, etc. Written by rt_ __
H. H. Siegele. 250 pgs. 670 illust pZ.JO
4. MODERN HOMECRAFT. Modern furniture design, con-
struction and finishes. 240 pages with full 8 x 10 photo-
graphs, plus hundreds of detailed drawings and plans, with
estimates on approximate costs. Includes ideas on d>
designing your own furniture, etc ipq..OO
5. ROOF FRAMING by R. M. Van Gaasbeek, Pratt Insti-
tute. A thorough understanding is given of the principles
and application to practical work. Includes principles of roof
framing, framing a gable roof, roofs of equal pitch, dormers,
gambrel roofs, lengths of roof rafters, curved rafter roofs,
conic roofs, hopper bevels, rake and level mould- d> r
ings, etc. 270 pages. 116 illust V>^-50
6. MODERN CARPENTRY. 680 pages and over 800 illus-
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Gentlemen: Please send me the books I've checked be-
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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RED TAPE WON'T KEEP OUT RAIN
• • •
NINE MONTHS after V-J Day the long-heralded housing program
is no nearer becoming a reality than it was during the war. There
are coordinators and expediters and directors and experts but
there are no houses. There are rules and regulations and directives and
agencies but there are no roofs to cover the heads of the GI's and their
families. There are government bulletins, government statistics, govern-
ment directives, government speeches, and government radio programs
but there are no building materials with which houses can be built. In
short, there is a super-abundance of everything but houses and the stuff
with which to build them.
trial buildings costing more than
$15,000 are still under government
control. Theoretically this is sup-
posed to channel virtually all labor
and building materials into the
home building end of the industry.
Actually it will probably increase
the traffic in black market building
materials, throw building tradesmen
out of work needlessly, and add
further confusion to an already
over-confused situation.
In the meantime, Washington is
teeming with lobbyists for the real
estate people whose sole aim is to
hamstring home construction so that
already inflated real estate prices
can be pushed still higher. Some ex-
perts maintain that the shadow box-
ing and fan dancing in Congress
have already cost the nation thirty
per cent of the potential 1946 build-
ing capacity. And still lobbyists for
the real estate people pour into
Washington from every train and
every plane.
The hour is getting late but there
is still time to salvage the remain-
der of 1946. First the government
must do something about cutting
down the number and rigidity of the
rules and regulations hamstringing
the building industry. As a starter
something should be done to elim-
inate the confusion and inequities
And the situation promises to be-
come worse instead of better. It
is a sad fact that the building in-
dustry, which needs the greatest en-
couragement because it faces the
greatest peacetime task, is the most
regulated and restricted industry
in the nation. On every hand the
building industry is hemmed in with
rules, regulations and restrictions.
Wages in the building industry are
controlled by the Wage Stabiliza-
tion Board as tightly as they were
during the war, while wages in vir-
tually all other industries are under
a relatively flexible program. Build-
ing materials still remain under a
sort of left-handed priority and al-
location system. And in the produc-
tion end of building materials the
government pricing policy is more
rigid and confused than in any
other particular branch of our econ-
omy. It all adds up to endless con-
fusion and red tape ; and it also
adds up to little or no home build-
ing, too.
Last month the government cap-
ped the climax by disguising old
L-41 and adding it to the indus-
try's woes. Under the present
sugar coating of L-41 all but the
most essential type of industrial
building is limited to a $15,000
maximum. In other words, indus-
c
THE CARPENTER
existing- in the OPA price struc-
ture on building- materials. As ex-
plained in last month's edition, a
huge "legitimate" black market has
sprung up in lumber and other es-
sential building materials. Sawmills
are resorting to a thousand and one
kinds of subterfuges to evade price
ceilings. Under existing conditions
it is less profitable for them to turn
out lumber suitable for home build-
ing than it is specialty items.
Instead of adding new price regu-
lations the government could prof-
itably revise old ones that work a
hardship on producers and tend to
limit production. With fewer regu-
lations the task of forcing compli-^
ance would be simplified, for it is
a perfectly legitimate question to
ask, why add new regulations when
even the existing old ones aren't
being adequately enforced? On the
matter of price ceilings the govern-
ment has in many instances follow-
ed the old "penny-wise and pound
foolish" tradition. The answer does
not lie in taking away materials
from one type of construction to
assist another but rather in encour-
aging and increasing materials pro-
duction at the source so that all
types of construction can get the
items they need.
And the same thing that holds
true for building materials prices
holds true for wages both in the
building trades and in the build-
ing materials production field. The
most efficient wage policy and the
policy that will be the cheapest in
the long run will be the one that
keeps morale at a high pitch, keeps
men from deserting the industry in
which they maintain the highest
skill, and attracts new recruits into
the industry and keeps them there.
Restricting one branch of the indus-
try to force men into another branch
is not feasible. It will mean lost
time and lost manpower at a period
when every hour counts.
Red tape won't build houses.
Maximum production in both the
building materials field and the
building field itself will do the
trick. Certainly all the experts in
Washington must know this. When
these people stop worrying about
regulations and start thinking about
encouraging maximum production,
houses and commercial buildings
will be built in adequate quantities
and not before.
Out of all the welter of confusion,
one thing is becoming crystal clear ;
building trades labor is ready and
willing to do its share. That it is
marking time instead of building
homes is not its fault. The unions
have gone all the way. They have
opened wide the door to apprentices.
They have mostly waived initiation
fees to veterans to encourage them
to enter trades. They have offered
full cooperation on almost every
score. They have decried the red
tape and boondoggling. They have
turned their back on some old-
established working rules. Yet even
today there is propaganda being
disseminated to the effect that home
building is being held up by the
construction trades.
What is past is past. It is now
time to look to the future. When,
if and as Uncle Sam looks at his
hole card and decides to do some-
thing about the endless restrictions
that are now throttling the building
industry real progress will get un-
der way. There will be fewer ad-
ministrators in Washington and
more men in the woods and on the
scaffold. There will be fewer "ex-
perts" pushing pencils and more
men swinging axes and saws. And,
most important of all, there will be
more houses for veterans and other
workers.
Organized campaign against old-established
protective codes seems to be springing up
Building Codes Under Attack
THE Building Codes of the nation are under attack. In the news-
papers and over the air there is an ever-increasing barrage of
propaganda against these instruments of protection which virtu-
ally all communities — both big and small — have set up to safeguard the
interests of the people as a whole. Now that building is holding the spot-
light of attention throughout the nation, the attack on Building Codes is
reaching its peak. Commentators and columnists — most of them with
private axes to grind — are setting up a great hue and cry against Building
Codes. Their story is that Building Codes stand in the way of speedy
completion of an adequate housing
program for vets and other citizens
without decent roofs over their
heads. They visualize Building
Codes as nothing more or less than
obstacles standing in the way of
progress. They lump them all to-
gether— the good and the bad — and
cry aloud for their repeal.
Mostly the result of their propa-
ganda is to spread confusion and
doubt in the minds of many people
not too familiar with the building
game. Understanding neither the
origin nor the purpose of Building
Codes, many laymen — thanks to the
propaganda barrage — are gaining
the impression that the Codes are
some sort of mumbo-jumbo design-
ed for the express purpose of plac-
ing restrictions in the way of
speedy and efficient building. No-
thing could be farther from the
truth. Building Codes in general
are sound, constructive, flexible and
efficient instruments for protecting
the interests of all the people in a
community. There undoubtedly are
some exceptions. In some communi-
ties Building Codes may not have
been revised and modernized as
building techniques improved. But
by and large most cities and towns
have taken cognizance of changing
conditions. They have constantly
broadened and altered and revised
their Building Codes to meet the
new situations in such a manner
that the greatest number could de-
rive the greatest benefit.
If the columnists and commenta-
tors confined themselves to attack-
ing the Codes that are antiquated
and obsolete, one could hardly quar-
rel with them. However, they fail
to do so. They draw no distinction
between the sound Codes and the
few that failed to keep pace. They
simply attack all Building Codes
as such; and nine times out of ten
their attacks conceal ulterior mo-
tives.
There is nothing sinister or mys-
terious about Building Codes. They
are merely the embodiment of gen-
erations of accumulated experience
and wisdom. Years ago people
realized that their mutual safety
demanded minimum standards for
building of all kinds, for what
would it avail a man to put up
a sound building if his neighbor
erected a fire-trap on the adjoining
lot? Out of this need for mutual
protection the Building Codes
emerged. Down the years these
Building: Codes served a sound and
THE CARPENTER
constructive purpose. They saved
lives and protected property values.
They are needed more today than
they ever were in human history,
for today there are thousands of
crackpots and visionaries who are
"inventing" new processes and new
materials for building.
Possibly this flood of "inven-
tions" accounts for the organized
attack being made against Building
Codes. A promoter "invents" a way
of making wallboard out of straw
and glue. When he tries to market
it he runs up against a Building
Code. Because his product is im-
practical, untried and of doubtful
value, it does not come within the
standards maintained by the Code.
Immediately the promoter gets his
dander up. He hires or influences
a columnist or commentator and the
barrage against the Code is on.
In an article in a recent issue of
the St. Louis Labor Journal, Albert
E. Baum, building commissioner of
that city, touched at some length on
the blast being directed against the
Building Codes of the nation. In
part, he said :
"Building Codes have beeen found
necessary to establish minimum re-
quirements for the safety of life,
health and property. These re-
quirements have been developed
over many years of experience with
numerous types of material, and,
therefore, constitute an experience
record similar to those collected by
insurance actuaries.
"As a result of these experience
records, Building Code writers
have available all information rel-
ative to the strength, fire and wear
resistant qualities of the various
known materials. When a new ma-
terial is offered to the public, usu-
ally advertised in glowing terms
regarding its properties, qualities
and uses, few of the statements
are however, substantiated by facts
upon which the Building Official
can make an intelligent and logi-
cal decision. Many of these new
materials have no experience rec-
ord, and a Building Official can-
not permit their use unless ex-
haustive tests have been made in
a laboratory of recognized stand-
ing. All these things seem to be
forgotten when an individual be-
gins to discuss alleged shortcom-
ings of Building Codes.
"Recently announcements have
have been made that the Department
of Commerce of the Federal Gov-
ernment, intends to prepare a model
Building Code. The records will
indicate that the Department of
Commerce had a Building Code
Committee at work for many years
on just such a document. This
Committee was disbanded in 1934,
just about 12 years ago when the
Secretary of Commerce invited the
American Standards Association to
arrange with the National Bureau
of Standards for the continued de-
velopment of Building Codes.
"In 1935, the American Standards
Association organized the Building
Codes Correlating Committee, and
its program provided for the de-
velopment of standards for sub-
jects customarily included in Build-
ing Codes. This group has made ex-
cellent progress and quite a number
of standards have already been
adopted and are in use throughout
the country.
"It will therefore be well to in-
vestigate the sources of statements
made relative to Building Codes
before they are publicized, as much
harm can be done in disseminating
information contrary to facts.
"The new St. Louis Building
Code takes cognizance of the de-
THE CARPENTER
velopment of new materials and sets
up the machinery whereby the
Building Commissioner may deter-
mine the adequacy of any new ma-
terial proposed for use in the City
of St. Louis. All new materials or
methods of construction must, how-
ever, first prove their reliability and
worth. No Building- Office and no
Court of Justice will take things
for granted merely upon someone's
unsubstantiated statement.
"No one should be or is more
familiar with the requirements of
Building Codes than the Building
Official having to enforce one of
them. These officials do know
them and are fully acquainted
with the portions of Codes too re-
strictive and too lax. Unknown to
the average citizen is the fact
that Building Officials through
the national organization, the
Building Official Conference of
America, by means of meetings,
letters, telephone and telegraph,
constantly exchange information in
an effort to improve Codes of their
respective communities.
"For more than a year, the Build-
ing Officials Conference, cognizant
that many communities need Code
revisions, has been at work through
its Basic Building Code Committee
on the preparation of the very latest
thoughts on Building Codes, name-
ly, a Basic Building Code for uni-
versal use.
"The Basic Building Code will
consist, primarily, of two volumes.
The first, the Basic Code, giving-
all requirements, usually little sub-
ject to change. This volume will
state WHAT must be done to
ERECT a structure for any given
occupancy. The second volume, the
Construction Supplement, will state
HOW it is to be done. Since
it is planned to have this second
volume in loose-leaf form, any au-
thorized changes can be made im-
mediately upon adoption. In this
way any Building Code can be kept
constantly up-to-date."
Mansfield Members Mark 45th Birthday
The Editor:
Local No. 735, Mansfield, Ohio, on March 9 celebrated the forty-fifth
anniversary of its founding with a bang-up banquet and social evening.
Some 125 members and guests were present for the occasion. A delicious
chicken dinner was served at the Sons of Herman Hall. Music was pro-
vided by the Sunshine Band and the affair wound up as a good, old-fash-
ioned get-together with everyone enjoying himself talking and reminis-
cing with his old friends and making new ones.
Brother G. C. Lake acted as toastmaster. Speakers included: Bro.
Godfrey, safety representative, who gave a long, interesting talk on safety
and hygiene; Bro. M. J. Beery, who talked on the State Old Age Pension;
and Bro. E. E. Amsbaug, oldest member in the local, who recalled many
of the hardships and struggles that heset Local 735 in the early days when
membership was small and obstacles numerous.
All who attended declared the party a complete success. Committee
members in charge of arrangements were : G. C. Lake, John Gruber, and
Phillip Neides.
Fraternally yours,
Thomas F. Geddes, Fin. Sec.
SIP
THE CARPENTER
He makes the wall and window
frame . . . The ceiling and the floor. . . .
The rafters underneath the roof . . . And
every kind of door . . . He manufactures
cabinets . . . The table and the chair . . .
The dresser, desk and vanity . . . And
every wooden ware . . . He hammers and
he saws and planes . . . And drills pre-
cision holes . . . And he can make most
anything . . . From ships to fishing poles
. . . His trade is almost old as time . . .
And it will never die. . .As long as there
is any tree . . . That rises to the sky . . .
His station may be humble but . . . He
earns his daily bread . . . And he is best
prepared to hit . . . The nail right on the
head.
• • •
NOT TOO BAD OFF
"Even though shirts and work clothes
and butter and a few more items are
scarce," says a California labor paper,
"just think how much harder it would
have been to learn to read and write
Japanese."
-¥■ * *
NOT A JOKE
"There is still lots of horse sense in
the world," says the Pittsburgh Press,
"but judging from the way human be-
ings have been conducting their affairs
one would be inclined to believe the
horses still retain the big bulk of it."
For the LAST TIME, Mr. Woggle-
NOW you buy your cigarettes OVER
the counter 1
m
SELFISH IS NOT THE WORD FOR IT
The Great Strike continues. Manu-
facturers in many lines hold back their
goods trying to force higher prices. Or
they dispose of them through Black
Market channels. Yet these things radio
and press ignore. Instead they continue
belaboring the workers who may be on
strike here or there for a decent living
standard. It all sort of reminds us of
something we read recently. It seems
two adventurers of the last century
were discussing prospects in various
parts of the country.
"I think I'll try my luck in Texas,"
said one of them.
"Don't go there," said the other.
"They're the most selfish people I ever
met."
"They are?" said the first.
"Sure," continued the second. "Take
my case, for example. I was there in
the Eighties doing a little wildcat gold
mining. My mine was under a school
and do you know those so-and-so's
wouldn't let me blast during school
hours for fear of injuring the children.
I had to work at night. Then they also
charged me ten cents apiece for broken
windows. Another time I was using a
cabin up in the wroods and the owners
wanted it but the gosh-hanged sheriff
wouldn't let me use ammunition on
them. Finally I had to set fire to the
woods to drive those folks out. Even
then the coroner who inspected the
bodies made me pay for the coffins and
charged me ten dollars for the funeral
service which only lasted a couple of
minutes. Oh, I tell you those Texas
people are selfish."
JOE SHOULD KNOW
Emerging from his winter's hiberna-
tion, our old friend and philosopher
Joe Paup parted his three months'
beard to utter the following classic.
"There are lots of self-made men in
this country. The trouble is that too
many of them knocked off work too
soon."
THE CARPENTER
11
IT'S A GREAT SYSTEM
Despite the government's new super-
duper revised wage-price policy the cost
of living is slipping farther and farther
ahead of wages. The innumerable bu-
reaus, boards and agencies are all labor-
ing mightily on the problem and they
are bringing forth next to nothing in
the way of stabilization of our economy.
For the life of us we can't help com-
paring the government's bumbling hold-
the-line policy with the slick promoter
who was going to sell a Philadelphia
banker a bill of goods.
By some hook or crook the promoter
got to see the banker. The banker lis-
tened very politely, then turned the
man over to his secretary. The secre-
tary in turn handed him over to a
junior clerk. The junior clerk passed
the promoter over to the janitor and
in a few minutes he found himself in
the street.
"Well," asked the promoter's partner
when he got back to the office, "What
did you get?"
"Nothing," replied the salesman, "but
man alive, has he got an efficient sys-
tem."
* ,• •
IT USED TO BE LIKE THAT
They are telling a story out Montana
way that possibly explains why teachers
are turning more and more to unionism.
It seems a teacher who filled his post
well for twenty years was passed up by
the superintendent when promotion
time came. Thoroughly disgusted, the
teacher collared the superintendent one
day.
"Look, Sir," he said, "I think pass-
ing up my twenty years' experience was
quite unfair."
"Not at all, not at all," replied the
superintendent. "You don't have twenty
years' experience; all you have is one
year's experience repeated twenty
times."
• • •
NO USE QUIBBLING
Joe was poor and Annie was ambi-
tious. She told him she wouldn't marry
him until he had a thousand dollars
saved up. Then one day Annie's sour
old maid aunt arrived for a visit.
"Dear," said Joe the next time he
called, "I've got thirty-five dollars in
the bank."
"Well," replied Annie with a pretty
blush, "I guess that's close enough.
THE PERFECT RETORT
A politician once making a long-wind-
ed speech was continually interrupted
by a man in the audience who kept
shouting "Liar!" After about the twen-
tieth repetition the speaker got a little
bit annoyed. Finally he stopped speak-
ing entirely and looking his heckler
squarely in the eye he said:
"If the man who persists in inter-
rupting will be good enough to tell us
his name instead of merely shouting
out his occupation I'm sure we will all
be pleased to make his acquaintance."
THEY DID IT FASTER IN ARIZONA
The trial of the Nazi war criminals
is droning on and on in Nuremberg.
Volumes of testimony are getting fatter
and fatter and still the human vultures
are no nearer punishment than they
were almost a year ago when Germany
first capitulated. About all we can think
of in connection with the endless legal
fol-de-rol that seems to be going on is
the case of the Arizona banker.
Just after Arizona became a state this
banker absconded with all the available
funds in the vaults. As he left he
hung a sign on the door reading "Bank
Suspended." That night there was a
meeting of defrauded depositors. It
went on far into the wee small hours
and ended with the fading sound of
many hoofbeats. The next morning a
bow-legged cowboy approached the
bank and added one word to the sign
hanging on the door.
Amended it read: "Bank President
Suspended."
You want to talk to my husband?
e you think I don't .'
12
LABOR RISES AGAIN
Workers Abroad Are Rebuilding Free Unions
By MATTHEW WOLL.
OUT OF THE RUINS of a continent devastated by war, the first
constructive movement to show signs of life and renewed vigor
has been the free and democratic European trade union movement.
In cities reduced to rubble, in countries — particularly in eastern Europe
— burdened with armies of occupation, men and women have realized that
there can be no rebirth of freedom and democracy unless these concepts
are fortified by the existence of labor unions. And so, despite material
disadvantages of every kind, despite hunger, despite the lack of clothing
and fuel, in the face of official stupidity, new organizations to express the
will of the workers of Europe are now being established.
As every intelligent trade union-
ist knows, the first victim of any
totalitarian regime is labor. In Ger-
many and Italy workers' organiza-
tions were the first to be destroyed.
In Soviet Russia the young but vig-
orous trade union movement was
made subservient to the government
apparatus, so that in effect labor
leaders in the U.S.S.R. are merely
functionaries of the Stalinist state
apparatus.
At a time when many Americans
were blinded to the sinister implica-
tions of the Mussolini government,
for the surprising reason that II
Duce had made the Italian trains
run on time, the American Federa-
tion of Labor raised its voice in
outspoken condemnation of the de-
stroyers of the Italian trade union
movement and the murderers of
Matteotti. Long before the out-
break of World War II, the Federa-
tion warned that Hitler, unchecked,
would bring the ruins of European
civilization down upon his head.
Ever since the birth of fascism in
Italy and the development of its
variants in other countries, the
American Federation of Labor has
not swerved for one instant on
where it stood in the growing con-
flict between the forces of democ-
racy and totalitarianism. It is be-
cause of this ingrained hatred of
dictatorship that the Federation has
consistently refused to have any
dealings whatsoever with the border
patrols of either Stalin, Hitler or
Mussolini that have operated in this
country.
From the very first we denounced
the un-American activities of the
Communist Party, the German-
American Bund and the various or-
ganized spokesmen for the Musso-
lini regime. And, by the same token,
we were the first organization in the
country to rally to the support of
our brothers in Europe, at a time
when our own country was not yet
in the war, and when Britain stood
alone against the fury and destruc-
tion of organized Nazi might.
The history of recent develop-
ments in international labor is of
the most vital concern to the Amer-
ican Federation of Labor. We are
THE CARPENTER
13
deeply interested in the extent to
which Europe's free trade unions
have been revived and in the direc-
tion which labor in Europe and
Asia is taking these days.
More than that, we are deter-
mined to insure the triumph and ex-
tension of the democratic way of
life in every country in the world.
It is a source of great pleasure to
us to be able to inform the millions
of members of organized labor in
the United States that organized la-
bor in the liberated countries of
western Europe has begun to re-
build its free trade unions.
At the time of writing it is
somewhat difficult to report the ex-
tent -to which trade unions have
been able to revive in the Balkans,
due to the fact that these countries
have been virtually sealed off by
Stalin's armies. By force of arms
all disinterested observers and dem-
ocratic trade unionists have been ex-
cluded. -
In liberated Italy the framework
for a national federation of labor
has been set up. But it must be
stated with regret that the Pact of
Rome, which was adopted at the in-
sistence of the American Federation
of Labor through its representative,
Luigi Antonini, has not been adher-
ed to fully. Italy's Communists have
often exploited their positions in
certain key unions for their own
anti-democratic political purposes.
By making political affiliation the
yardstick for choice of leadership
and direction of the various national
union affiliates, the Communists are
sowing the seeds of dissolution and
destruction of the newly restored
Federation of Labor. There are,
however, healthy and promising
sectors of the resurgent free trade
unions in democratic Italy to coun-
teract this dangerous trend.
Even in Austria and Germany, de-
spite conflicting and confusing atti-
tudes on the part of the Allied oc-
cupation authorities, free trade un-
ionism is slowly but surely reviv-
ing. It is still too early to predict
the course of labor development in
these vanquished countries. In the
Russian zones the Communists have
the tremendous advantages of So-
viet encouragement and lavish sup-
port which amount almost to brib-
ery. The Communist imprint is
bound to be heavy, there. In the
other zones free trade unions gradu-
ally are evolving despite policies
and practices which are frequently
discouraging.
In Japan, according to Federation
observers, the forces of free labor
have begun to organize bonafide
trade unions. Railway, transport
and agricultural workers, miners
and government workers are espec-
ially energetic in setting up unions.
In Great Britain the trade unions
have more than held their own in
the face of the most terrible hard-
ships and casualties of war and the
incalculable difficulties of economic
reconstruction. Even in Spain, held
under the iron heel of the Franco
dictatorship, the trade union move-
ment has made marked headway
in reviving underground. Falangist
persecution and terror have not
broken the spirit of heroic Spanish
labor, which has recently regained
enough strength even to strike.
The active part played by the
Communists in the resistance move-
ment has in a number of instances,
particularly in Norway and France,
overcome, in large measure, the ill
repute into which they fell during
the period of the Stalin-Hitler
pact, when they undermined na-
tional defense and even assisted the
Nazi cause. But primarily because
14
THE CARPENTER
of the enormous prestige won by
the Russian people on the field of
battle, the Communists have been
able to gain considerable influence
in a number of countries.
Nor must we overlook the fact
that in Europe, no less than in
America, Communists are often able
to gain control not because of their
own qualities, or the attractiveness
of their program, or the work of
their cells and borers-from-within,
but rather by default — because of
the failure of the democratic forces
to exercise initiative, to be suffi-
ciently vigilant and active, and to
come forward to assume responsi-
bility and authority.
Thus we find that in Belgium
and Czechoslovakia the Communists
have been able to increase their
strength substantially in the resur-
gent trade union movements. In
France the Communist threat is
particularly grave.
At this moment the Communist
elements and their fellow travelers
and satellites have a powerful grip
on the General Confederation of
Labor. Veteran trade union lead-
ers like Leon Jouhaux are being
pushed around and into the back-
ground by the more aggressive
Communist groups, which are reck-
lessly using the key positions they
have captured in the trade unions
for political purposes rather than
for improving the conditions of
French labor.
For example, Louis Caillant, who
is a close collaborator of the Com-
munists in the C.G.T., served as
arbiter in the recent strike of the
Paris printers — only to rule against
the workers' wage demands on the
ground that they "conflicted with
the government's deflation pro-
gram."
Even in Britain the Communists
have been able to extend their in-
fluence in a number of important
trade unions like the miners' and
railwaymen's organizations. It is
this increased Communist influence
which has served as the spearhead
for participation by the British
Trade Union Congress in the so-
called World Federation of Trade
Unions. How long the British trade
union movement, which is essen-
tially healthy and democratic, and
which has for many years worked
in closest cooperation with the
American Federation of Labor, will
be able to stand the machinations
and control of the Soviet-dominated
World Federation of Trade Unions
remains to be seen.
On the whole, the Scandinavian
labor organizations are today clos-
est to the American Federation of
Labor in outlook and structure.
There are already more than 300,000
members in the restored Norwegian
unions. Denmark, with 600,000 in
its trade union movement, has 85
per cent of its workers organized.
The Swedish Federation of Trade
Unions, with more than 1,000,000
members out of a total population
of 6,500,000, is well organized and
highly centralized. But recently its
Metal Workers Union suffered a
costly setback in an ill-timed strike
which was in no small measure in-
spired and exploited by the Com-
munists.
It is gratifying to report that par-
ticularly cordial relations have been
developing between the courageous
Spanish trade unions and the
American Federation of Labor. Al-
bermino Tomas of the General Fed-
eration of Labor and Jose Leyva of
the National Confederation of La-
bor have been in the forefront of
the forces cementing the coopera-
tion of their respective organiza-
tions with the American Federa-
tion of Labor. Both of these labor
THE CARPENTER
15
members are now represented in
the Spanish Republican govern-
ment-in-exile. To date not a single
Communist or totalitarian fellow
traveler has been selected as a
member of this government, for
which the recent session of the A.
F. of L.'s Executive Council re-
quested recognition by the United
States.
In Latin America discontent with
Toledano's dictatorial rule of the
C.T.AX. is mounting. In Chile,
Cuba, Peru and Argentina there is
widespread opposition to the in-
trigues of Toledano and his Com-
munist supporters. His zigzagging
policy, reflecting with precision the
twists of Russian foreign policy,
are causing growing disillusion-
ment among the workers of Latin
America. The shift in Toledano's
attitude toward Nazi Germany be-
cause of the Hitler-Stalin pact is
still fresh in the memory of many
a labor leader below the Rio
Grande. The democratic workers of
our good neighbors can never forget
or forgive Toledano's declaration of
December 31, 1939, in support of
the Transocean News Service, which
was an arm of the Nazi government.
Desperately seeking to maintain
his stranglehold on the C.T.A.L.
and recklessly pursuing a policy of
rule or ruin, Toledano has begun a
campaign to expel outstanding lead-
ers of Latin American labor who
place the interests of their unions
and democracy above Communist
manipulation. He has turned his
first and heaviest gunfire against
such devoted and highly competent
labor leaders as Juan Arevalo of
the Maritime Workers of Cuba and
Bernardo Ibanez, general secretary
of the Chilean Federation of Labor.
In this complex and fluid situa-
tion the self-styled World Federa-
tion of Trade Unions was recently
launched. This body was conceived
by the Russian state apparatus; it
has been fathered by the govern-
ment-controlled Russian trade un-
ions. Its midwife was none other
than Sidney Hillman. Sir Walter
Citrine is its titular head, a position
that affords him no real pleasure.
It is unnecessary to repeat the
reasons for the American Federa-
tion of Labor's persistent refusal
to associate with this Communist-
dominated body. The American
Federation of Labor wants a vigor-
ous international association of
bonafide, free trade unions, unions
that are not state-controlled or gov-
ernment auxiliaries, unions that are
not dominated by or that serve as
the tools of political parties, unions
that loyally defend the interests of
labor in their respective countries
and are not auxiliary agencies for
enhancing company interests or
enhancing employers' discipline,
whether the employers be individ-
uals, corporations or a government.
To the American Federation of
Labor the unity of free labor is no
mere abstraction, no hodge-podge
of organizations of antagonistic
ideas and conflicting purposes.
There can be no genuine unity of
action without unity of aim. The
A. F. of L. strives for a peaceful,
prosperous and democratic world.
The American Federation of La-
bor always has been and always will
be prepared to do everything to
foster and facilitate the organiza-
tion of a dynamic world body of
free trade unions dedicated to the
protection and improvement of la-
bor's conditions, standards and
rights in every country.
— The Federationist.
Editorial
NAM Doesn't Think Much of Our Intelligence
For many months now the National Association of Manufacturers has
been campaigning for the immediate removal of all price controls. In
the newspapers and over the air spokesmen for the NAM have been delug-
ing the people with very subtle propaganda on the subject. If you get
a city daily you have undoubtedly seen a few of the full-page ads the
NAM has been consistently running in such papers. (And, incidentally,
all those full-page ads aren't going to alienate the affections of any news-
paper publishers.)
To summarize the NAM line of reasoning in a very short sentence,
price controls are the cause of all our troubles. The way the NAM sees
it — or at least the way they want to persuade you to see it — is that price
controls are holding back production and therefore threatening inflation.
That the NAM should use such an obviously fallacious approach is an
indication that that august body does not have a very high regard for the
intelligence of the American people. Or perhaps they have taken a page
from Hitler's book, for he disclosed in his infamous Mein Kampf that
a really big whopper repeated often enough can sometimes fool the people.
At any rate, the NAM is trying to cram down the throats of the people a
theory that is out of line with even the plainest common sense.
"You don't want your dollars to buy less and less ! You don't want
your savings to melt away! Or the value of your life insurance to dwin-
dle!" says NAM. That far they are 100% correct. But that's as far as
they are correct. The way to prevent these things, NAM says, is to
remove price controls. Well, a few months ago they removed price con-
trols from citrus fruits because they were plentiful. Overnight prices
virtually doubled. We wish some NAM economist would explain to us
how a 100% increase in the price of citrus fruits protected the value of
our dollars and savings and insurance. Mind you, citrus fruits were
PLENTIFUL. Imagine, then, what would happen to prices of articles
that were SCARCE once price control went out the window.
"Remove price controls on manufactured goods and production will
step up fast," NAM pleads in another slickly-worded ad.
Of the same NAM economists, we would like to ask, how? Figures
show that virtually our entire labor force is now gainfully employed.
Every able bodied man and woman is at work turning out goods or help-
ing to wind up reconversion. Every machine, too, is operating at capacity.
If there are no more men or machines to be pressed into service, how can
lifting price controls increase production? The true facts in the matter
are that production is reaching its peak. There still remains some recon-
verting to be done, which means additional production in the near future.
THE CARPENTER 17
Production is already running better than fifty per cent higher than 1939
figures. Even under the impetus of war it took a couple of years for
this nation to hit its stride in turning out armaments, but already we are
approaching that state in the production of civilian goods.
After the last war we had a fine example of what can happen when
there are no controls over prices. In two years after 1918 prices jumped
outrageously. If we allowed it to happen again the bag of sugar we now
pay 35c for would skyrocket to $1.34, and the dozen eggs we now buy for
50c would cost us 92c by the summer of 1947. And that's the way the
NAM would like to "protect" your dollars and savings.
None of us wants price controls or any other government controls for
one day longer than necessary. As soon as supply comes within hailing
distance of demand, we, too, will be plugging for removal of government
controls. But until that time, we don't want to be stampeded into giving
up the one safeguard we have against inflation. The OPA has been far
from perfect. It has bumbled and stumbled along and stubbed its toe
here and there, but by and large it has held down prices to a large degree.
In some places its pricing policies may be unrealistic and not conducive
to increasing production. But the remedy lies in curing such shortcomings,
not in tossing out the one thing that has prevented us from falling prey to
the worst inflation since 1923 in Germany.
•
It's Like Trying to Fight Fog
Recently there came to our desk an elaborate and somewhat lengthy
pamphlet bearing the name of Chester Bowles, Economic Stabilizer. Con-
tained therein were some ninety questions regarding the government's
present policy on wages and prices and the theoretical answers thereto.
If past performance can be used as any sort of a criterion, a second pam-
plet will soon follow. It will contain several times ninety questions and
answers, all supposedly "clarifying" the first pamphlet. And shortly
thereafter it will be necessary for the brain-trusters to put out another
pamphlet "clarifying" the "clarifying" pamphlet; for in truth there is no
definite government policy on wages and prices, just as there never has
been since the war ended.
Although the war has been over for less than a year the administra-
tion has already reversed itself at least three times on wage and price
matters. Since V-J Day we have had to contend with Executive Order
9599, Executive Order 9651 and Executive Order 9697. Roughly a new
order has been forthcoming every sixty days and each has been a little
more vague and a little more confusing than its predecessor. Order 9599
lifted all controls over wages in cases where employers did not seek price
relief to meet additional wage costs. In cases where employers had to
have price relief in order to meet wage increases a complicated formula
was set down for determining the merits of each case. Uncertainty and
confusion resulted. This brought about the issuance of Order 9651. Order
9651 permitted employers to put into effect negotiated wage increases
without any kind of approval if no price relief was needed. In cases where
the employer was in doubt as to his ability to meet added wage burdens
18 THE CARPENTER
without higher prices, the Order provided for a six-month trial period.
If at the end of the trial period the employer found he could not carry
the load, he could apply for price relief.
Stated as briefly as this, one might gather the impression the two
orders were simple and straightforward. Such was not the case, however.
There were a. host of if's, and's, and but's. There were vague formulas
which had to be applied to each case. The result was that neither Execu-
tive Order 9599 nor Executive Order 9651 could be administered in any-
thing like a clear-cut manner. Undeserving workers got increases and
deserving ones got nothing.
On February 14, the adminstration came forth with Order 9697, which
at this writing is still in effect. And with it there came a new high in
confusion. Wage increases, before they can now get approval from the
Wage Stabilization Board or other properly constituted authorities, must
measure up against an impossibly ambiguous formula. The formula is full
of such phrases as "general pattern," "area pattern," "gross inequities,"
"substandards of living," "appropriate units" and other meaningless
mumbo-jumbo. Not even the fellows who wrote them know exactly what
they mean.
Worst of all, there has been favoritism in the government's ever-
changing policy. At the time Order 9697 was in the making the steel
workers were on strike. Both the steel workers and the steel companies
successfully and simultaneously negotiated a wage increase and a price
increase with the President himself. They didn't have to buck any for-
mula. But that ended it. Other workers equally deserving of an increase
had to buck Order 9697. Their employers had to lock horns with an un-
intelligible set of rules contained in the order. In other words, the gov-
ernment to all intents and purposes placed a premium on striking. The
steel workers were on strike and they got theirs. All those who remained
and still remain on the job while trying to settle their wage differences
through collective bargaining have to go through an endless rigmarole
measuring up to an ambiguous formula.
But Order 9697 did not finish the government's "brain-trusting" of
wage regulations. Soon afterward the befogged and benumbed workers
had a set of "supplementary" wage regulations saddled on them. And
there the situation rests at this writing; just a little more confused, just
a little more complex than it was a week ago or a month ago.
Meanwhile the cost of living continues to climb steadily higher. Under
the existing setup the relationship between wages and the cost of living
becomes more nebulous daily. Only one thing stands out clearly; that is
that politicians have no place in the field of labor relations.
•
Not a Helpful Move
While we are fully in sympathy with Housing Director Wyatt's am-
bition to get 2,700,000 American families into new homes by the end of
next year, we are deeply concerned over the way he is tackling the job.
Particularly disturbing is his recent edict which places drastic restrictions
THE CARPENTER 19
on commercial building. Under this edict government approval is needed
before any commercial building in excess of $15,000 can be undertaken.
Even repair jobs in excess of $400 must undergo government scrutiny
before materials will be allocated to them.
Theoretically it all sounds fine — particularly to one not acquainted
with the construction industry. It seems logical that if building mate-
rials are channeled away from commercial building they will naturally
flow into the home building field. However, it is not as simple as that.
In the first place, the construction industry is not geared and never
has been geared to single type construction. To reconvert the whole in-
dustry into a home building institution would be a long and costly
process. It would take years to accomplish the feat ; and then when it
was completed the industry would end up out of focus and out of balance
and unable to cope with the building problems that will arise once the
housing program is completed.
To illustrate what we mean, let'-s take the manpower situation. There
are dozens of skilled trades in the construction game. Many of these
skills have little if any connection with home building. Take the struc-
tural iron workers for example; or the elevator constructors, or the steam-
fitters, or the terrazzo and marble layers. Where do they fit into low cost
home building? The answer is, nowhere. Stop commercial building and
they are out of work. And even in our own trade this holds true. Many
of our members boast of special skills that are peculiar to large scale
building only. In the home building field their skills are next to worthless.
Add to this the fact that thousands of workers are engaged in turn-
ing out building materials suitable for large scale construction only and it
is, easy to see that the new edict spells unemployment for untold numbers
of men. Is throwing highly-skilled men out of work the way to lick the
housing shortage? We hardly think so.
Then, too, we question the effect Wyatt's program will have on chan-
neling building materials into the home building field. For many months
now the bulk of the building materials have sold on the black market
instead of through legitimate channels. Will this unhappy state of affairs
cease because of Wyatt's edict restricting building? We hardly think so.
In fact we are inclined to believe that more commercial builders will
be driven to patronizing back-door distribution of materials. If this is
so, then the home builders will get fewer materials instead of more for
they cannot compete when it comes to price.
There are many other phases to Wyatt's edict, too. What about appren-
tices? Can enough of them be trained on home building exclusively to
fill the need for craftsmen in future years when commercial building and
not home building will be the foremost problem? We can think of any
number of other questions Wyatt's edict will raise, but those we have
mentioned are certainly important enough to merit Mr. Wyatt's looking
at his hole card before going any further.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHBSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Secretart
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
10348J Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
3684 W. 136th St., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
1182 St. Lawrence, Rm. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
INFORMATION REGARDING SERVICE MEN
When making inquiries regarding members or prospective members who have
served in the armed forces, it is imperative to set forth in your letter the date of
induction and, particularly, date of discharge, or attach copy of discharge papers.
This will avoid unnecessary correspondence and result in an early reply from the
General Office. We also call your attention to a G. E. B. ruling that states:
"The question of men. in the Service of the United States or
Canada over the age limit of apprentices, or those who have not
completed their apprenticeship before entering the Service, was care-
fully considered, after which it was decided that these men on pres-
entation of an Honorable Discharge be admitted to the Brotherhood
as apprentices without the payment of an Initiation Fee subject to
the acceptance by the Local Union of their applications."
NEW CHARTERS ISSUED
2101
2965
2966
2102
2104
2968
2112
2118
2120
2976
2121
Tulsa, Okla.
Escanaba, Mich.
Wallowa, Ore.
Perth Amboy, N.
Doniphan, Mo.
Vancouver, B. C,
Antigo, Wis.
Tampa, Fla.
Columbus, Ga.
Truman, Ark.
Clarion, Pa.
Can.
2199
2130
2977
2131
2136
2145
2146
2822
2147
2150
2257
Raton, N. Mex.
Hillsboro, Ore.
Spring Hill, La.
Pottsville, Pa.
Tampa, Fla.
Deming, N. Mex.
Menominee, Mich.
Spring Hill, La.
Grinnell, Iowa
West Plains, Mo.
Ahsahka, Ida.
2153 DeKalb, 111.
2158 Clinton, la.
2165 Red Bud, 111.
2171 Albany, Ga.
2979 Manistique, Mich.
2172 Yakima, Wash.
2982 Staunton, Va.
2175 Roosevelt, Utah
2176 Portales, N. Mex.
2983 Waynesboro, Va.
2978 Pacific Grove, Calif.
Jin fflltm&vi&m
Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
%£&l X
The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.
Brother H. L. AGES, Local No. 1849, Pasco, Wash.
Brother C. A. ALLEN, Local No. 103, Birmingham, Ala.
Brother FRED ALLENDORF, Local No. 1602, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Brother GEORGE AUSTIN, Local No. 1888, New York, N. Y.
Brother ED. H. BANKS, Local No. 90, Evansville, Ind.
Brother THOMAS BARKER, Local No. 343, Winnipeg, Man., Can.
Brother T. H. BENNETT, Local No. 550, Oakland, Cal.
Brother EXE AS BOUSQUET, Local No. 1630, Ware, Mass.
Brother WILLIAM B. BOWLES, Local No. 213, Houston, Tex.
Brother GEORGE BOYETTE, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.
Brother CARTON HARVEY BROWN, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.
Brother WILFORD A. BROWN, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.
Brother E. R. CARNES, Local No. 133, Terre Haute, Ind.
Brother FRED CHAMBERLAIN, Local No. 44, Urbana, 111.
Brother W. L. CROSS, Local No. 2, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Brother FRANK DAMACO, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother LOUIS DEMM, Local No. 747, Oswego, N. Y.
Brother JOHN FAGAN, Local No. 1052, W. Hollywood, Cal.
Brother LOUIS C. FARR, Local No. 90, Evansville, Ind.
Brother J. E. FELTNOR, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother BEN F. FOSTER, Local No. 213, Houston, Tex.
Brother J. T. GRAHAM, Local No. 103, Birmingham, Ala.
Brother PETER GRANT, Local No. 2163, New York, N. Y.
Brother LOUIS HARTE, Local No. 90, Evansville, Ind.
Brother CHARLES HESSELBERG, Local No. 808, Glendale, N. Y.
Brother JOHN HIPPOLD, Local No. 808, Glendale, N. Y.
Brother WILLIAM HOPE, Local No. 1888, New York, N. Y.
Brother ADOLPH ISBELL, Local No. 512, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Brother WILLIAM JACKSON, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother JOHN KRAUSS, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio.
Brother JOSEPH LILL, Local No. 325, Paterson, N. J.
Brother JAMES LOWRIE, Local No. 787, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother GEORGE MARMADUKE, Local No. 365, Marion, Indiana.
Brother CARL A. MENDY, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.
Brother SAMUEL MEYEROWITZ, Local No. 808, Glendale, N. Y.
Brother E. L. MOORE, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.
Brother C. J. MOYE, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.
Brother JOHN MULVEY, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother NELS ALGOT NELSON, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother HENRY J. O'SULLIVAN, Local No. 385, New York, N. Y.
Brother ADOLPH PAUL, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother VOSS QUARTERMAN, Local No. 2151, Charleston, S. C.
Brother ERNEST F. RIDLEY, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother MAX RIVEN, Local No. 787, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother CHAS. RODGERS, Local No. 794, Leominster, Mass.
Brother GEORGE A. ROY, Local No. 96, Springfield, Mass.
Brother JESSE SANDERS, Local No. 1029, Johnson City, 111.
Brother WM. C. SCHATTLE, Local No. 2, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Brother THOMAS F. SHORT, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother W. H. SMITH, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla .
Brother JAMES SPRINGFIELD, Local 696, Tampa, Fla.
Brother ROBERT H. STONE, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother CHARLES TORPES, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother JOHN A. WAGNER, Local No. 517, Portland, Me.
Brother WILLIAM WHEATLEY, Local No. 2163, New York, N. Y.
Brother ALFRED WIERENGA, Local No. 1908, Holland, Mich.
Brother JOHN W. WILLIAMS, Local No. 1029, Johnson City, 111.
Brother FRED WILSON, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
CorrQspondQncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
Great Falls Local Rounds Out 55 Years
Local Union No. 286 of Great Falls, Mont., celebrated the 55th anni-
versary of the granting of their charter on Saturday, November 24, 1945, in
a manner befitting the occasion, with 500 in attendance.
A huge specially made anniversary cake was cut by Brother Bill Pat-
terson, the only remaining charter member. Following this, the president
of the organization, J. A. Sieben, gave a brief outline of the high spots in
the life of the Local. At this point, musical numbers were furnished by
young people of the members' families.
Officers of Local 286 are, standing, left to right, Jack Kessler, member of
Executive Committee; Larry Price, Vice-President; J. A. Sieben, President;
William Patterson, only remaining charter member; Fred Hodges, Trustee; Martin
Richmond, Member of Executive Committee; A. J. Gemberling, Recording Secre-
tary; Ira Siebrasse, Trustees.
Seated, left to right are: Pat Pate, Member of Executive Committee; Claus
Erlandson, Treasurer; John Kind, Trustee; Ely Erickson, Member of Executive
Committee.
Brother Larry Price acted as master of ceremonies and lastly called
on Sister Amanda Liebelt, president of the Ladies' Auxiliary who gave a
if ew timely remarks.
The remainder of the evening was given over to dancing and playing
cards, until midnight, when refreshments were served to all present.
THE CARPENTER 23
Local 286 feels that 55 years of continuous actual existence in a state
as young- as Montana, is an achievement of a great deal more than ordinary
worth.
From its earliest days, 286 has always been in the forefront of labor
activities, and has taken an active part in all civic affairs. It gained, step
by step, working conditions, hours of work and a scale of pay comparable
to any Local in the Brotherhood. Its history is remarkably free from
labor disputes and its standing in the community of Great Falls is one
of respect and honor.
The local confidently looks forward to another 55 years of equal
achievement and honor.
The success of the party was due in great measure to its able arrange-
ment committee head by Brother Pat Pate, assisted by Brothers Kessler,
Balstedt, Erickson, Breckie and Price.
Newark Local Aids Its Veterans
The Editor:
I have read a lot of what this Local or that Local has done for its mem-
bers who were in the Service during the war.
I do not think that any Local has done more than Local 119, Newark,
N. J. We took care of the member's dues from the day of his induction
in the Service. Also on return to civil life the Local presented each and
every one with a gift, and on top of that gave them a paid-up due book for
two years from the date of discharge ; that, of course, only holds good as
long as they retain their membership in Local 119.
I send you this information as some of our returned Service members
thought it would be interesting news to publish in the first available issue
of The Carpenter showing the respect that Union Labor had for their
fellow members in the Armed Forces of U. S. A.
Fraternally yours,
Edward Danks, F. S., 119.
Newton, N. J., Says It With War Bonds
The members of Local Union No. 1124, Newton, N. J., who served in
the armed forces during the recent war have concrete evidence of the
esteem in which they are held by their brother members. At the Local's
regular meeting held on February 20, a motion was made and seconded
that the Local Union present each returning veteran with a fifty dollar
war bond. By unanimous action the members present at the meeting
approved the motion, and by further action they authorized the sponsor-
ing of a special dinner on March 22 to honor the Local's ex-service men.
At that time the veterans were scheduled to be presented with their indi-
vidual bonds.
TERRE HAUTE LOCAL. YOUNG RUT ACTIVE
The Editor:
Greetings to all sister organizations from one of the newest Auxiliary Locals in
the Brotherhood!
Local No. 445, Terre Haute, Indiana, while something of a youngster from the
standpoint of age, is trying to make up in activity what it lacks in birthdays.
Although we are just newly organized, we recently held a dinner and dance for
the members of Carpenters Local 133 and their families and friends. Some 420
attended the affair and enjoyed themselves to the utmost. There was plenty of
fine food provided by the ladies and plenty of good entertainment for all, including
dancing until midnight. The purpose of this party was to help everyone get better
acquainted with his or her neighbors in the Brotherhood. Four new applications
for membership were received as a result, and we are confident Auxiliary Local
No. 445 will receive many more applications as the wives, mothers, and daughters
become better acquainted with what we stand for and what we are trying to
accomplish.
However, this was not our first party. A short time previously we sponsored a
party for the Auxiliary members and their husbands, and it, too, was voted a real
success. We have many more get-togethers planned in the near future and all of us
are looking forward to a fine year of fellowship and service for Auxiliary Local
No. 445. Our meeting nights are the first and third Thursdays of each month.
Any sisters visiting our territory are extended a hearty welcome to any or all of our
meetings.
Our officers are: President, Mrs. Opal O'Conner; "Vice-President, Mrs. Alma Ike;
Recording Secretary, Mrs. Mary Mayrose; Financial Secretary-Treasurer, Mrs.
Bernice Bemis; Warden, Mrs. Agnes Forbes; Conductor, Mrs. Mabel Jeffers;
Trustees, Mrs. Mae Bright, Mrs. Hester Struckmann, Mrs. Lanie Smith.
ATLANTIC CITY AUXILIARY RUSY DURING WAR YEARS
The Editor:
Auxiliary No. 372 of Carpenters' Local No. 432, Atlantic City, N. J., extends
greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries.
During the past year the members of Auxiliary No. 3 72, have been extremely
busy with both War and Social Activities.
Since last April, 1945, the Auxiliary has sponsored the fourth day of each
month at the Local N. C. C. Service Club where we served from nine to thirteen
hundred service men and women each day.
As we are a very small Auxiliary it was necessary to raise the funds for this
work by giving Monthly Card Parties. We also received several substantial checks
for this purpose from Local No. 432.
President Mrs. Margaret Trendell, Vice-President Mrs. Burnette Buzby and
Conductor Mrs. Rose Copeland have donated many hours of their time to sewing
and knitting for the Red Cross and they have received Citations for this work.
Mrs. Nellie Piersol, Treasurer and Mrs. Sue Bernard, Trustee, have been work-
ing steadily during the war years at the Thomas England General Hospital.
On March 18th the Auxiliary celebrates its 5th Anniversary and the Ladies are
planning a trip to Philadelphia on that day.
The Auxiliary meets on the first and third Tuesdays of each month in Carpen-
ters' Hall, 24-2 6 South New York Ave. We cordially invite any of the sisters who
are visiting in Atlantic City to attend our meetings.
(Mrs.) Kathryn R. Smith, Rec. Sec.
ARE YOU
PLAIN OR TIPPED
to the
Union Label?
Union people who do not boost union
label goods are unfair to their union
and unfair to themselves . . . because
union-made means well-made!
Raleigh Cigarettes are the most
widely distributed union label product
in the world every time you say
"A pack of Raleighs" you boost your
union label !
Be fair to your label ... be fair to
yourself . . .
Craft Probloms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 212
We have heard the claim made that
a good mechanic never uses a block
plane. Those who make that claim con-
tend that the mechanic should be able
to mark and cut his material with such
accuracy that it will not be necessary
to fix it up with a block plane in order
to make good joints. We do not agree
with this theory, for unless every part
of a piece of work is done with abso-
lute perfection, block planing will be
necessary to make tight joints. Take
for example mitered casings. Unless the
jamb is perfectly plumb and level and
the plastering is absolutely true around
the opening it would be difficult to
make all of such joints fit tight without
using a block plane or some other fixing-
up means. Besides that, it is almost an
impossibility to make a miter cut, with
Fig. 1
or without a miter box, that is abso-
lutely true. We confess that we have
always used a block plane in finishing,
because we believe that it is the best
and most economical means for making
good joints all the time. Of course, if
the mechanic becomes careless in his
marking and in his cutting, because he
can fix up the joint with the block
plane, then the use of the block plane
is abused, and the mechanic should
leave it at home or in his tool case and
make his joints entirely by cutting the
material with his saw — he should do
this until he regains the practice of
careful marking and cutting. We would
lay down this rule: The use of the block
plane is justifiable only after the me-
chanic has carefully marked and care-
fully cut the material — then, if the
joint does not fit perfectly, it should
be fixed up with the block plane.
Fig. 1 is a perspective drawing of the
block plane we have used for many
years; however, there are many differ-
ent makes of block planes, and the car-
penter should look for the kind that
suits his need best, before buying.
There happens to be a difference in
the way the bit of a block plane is used
Fig. 2
in the frame and in the way the bit of
a jack plane or of a jointer is used.
This is indicated at A in Fig. 2, where
it will be noticed that the bevel of the
bit is on the upper side, while on the
other planes it is on the under side. On
a block plane the bevel on the bit turns
the shavings, thus serving the same
purpose as the cap iron of a jack plane
or of a jointer.
Fig
Fig. 3 shows a grinder in part, with
a bit of a block plane in position for
grinding. By dotted line we are indicat-
ing the angle of the bevel, and we are
showing by figures the number of de-
grees in the angle. This is a good basic
angle for grinding block plane bits,
THE CARPENTER
27
which can be increased or decreased
according to the wishes of the workman.
Fig. 4 shows two ways to finish the
sharpening of a block plane bit on the
oil stone. At the top we show the bit
in a 20-degree angle for finishing the
bevel, while the back is finished flat
against the stone. At the bottom the
bevel is also finished on a 20-degree
angle, but the back is finished at about
exaggerated. The heavily shaded parts
are the parts that are to be cut away
Fig. 4
a 5-degree angle. Both of these meth-
ods are good, but the bottom method is
the one that we have always used. We
think it is a little better than the meth-
od shown at the top, especially when
the bit is hollow-ground, as most bits
are when a small grinder is used.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5 gives two enlarged details of
block plane bits in part, showing two
methods of sharpening them. The up-
per one shows a 20-degree angle for
the bevel sharpening, and a 5-degree
angle for the back, while the bottom
shows a 23-degree bevel sharpening and
a flat sharpening for the back.
Fig. 6 shows three different joints to
be made by means of a block plane. It
should be remembered that these are
Fis
with the block plane. In practice, when
a joint does not fit any better than the
three shown shown here, the recutting
should be done with a saw. The three
joints completed are shown by Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 shows an enlargement of the
member shown to the left in Fig. 6,
which is to be fitted to the horizontal
member. In block planing, as in all
other planing, the material to be worked
Fig. 7
over must be held against some solid
bearing. This is shown to the left — no
particular kind of bearing is necessary,
the principal thing is that it is solid.
The horizontal shading lines, represent
the shaving cuts that are to be made
with the block plane. The symbols of
block planes that are shown riding ar-
rows show the direction the planing is
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28
THE CARPENTER
to be done and the amount of planing;
which is to say, the greater part of the
planing is to be done in the direction
indicated by the' large symbol, while
Fig. 9 shows an enlargement of the
partially-upright member shown at the
center in Fig. 6. Here the end of the
member is somewhat beveled. The solid
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
only a little is to be done in the direc-
tion of the little symbol. If this is kept
in mind, these drawings will easily be
understood.
bearing is shown to the left, and the
large symbol of a block plane indicates
how the greater part of the planing is
to be done. The little symbol should be
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THE CARPENTER
29
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserre the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising spaee in "The Car-
penter," including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Adding Machine
Page
Fredericks Sales Ag., Chicago, III. 31
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis,
Ind. 4th Cover
Carlson & Sullivan, Monrovia,
Cal. 28
Henry Disston & Sons, Inc.,
Philadelphia, Pa 1
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 32
Hedlund-Noltimier Co., Chicago,
111. 29
Ideal Brass Works, St. Paul,
Minn. 4
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover
Master Rule Mfg. Co., Inc., New-
York, N. Y 4
F. P. Maxson, Chicago, 111 30
A. D. McBurney, Los Angeles,
Cal. 28
Millers Falls Co., Greenfield,
Mass. : 31
North Bros. Mfg. Co., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 32
Paine Company, Chicago, 111 31
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, III. 31
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y. 3rd Cover
Gateway Publishing Co., Chi-
cago, 111. 3
Mason & Parrish, Engineers,
Kalamazoo, Mich 32
Nelson Co., Chicago, 111 32
D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 30
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 27
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 32
Tobacco Products
Brown & Wiliamson Tobacco Co.,
Louisville, Ky 25
KEEP THE MONET
IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS
accompanied with a question mark, be-
cause in many cases the reverse planing
Fig. 10
is not necessary where the cut is bevel-
ed, but if the wood splits easily, the re-
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30
THE CARPENTER
verse planing should be done to prevent
that.
Fig. 10 shows, the upright member
shown to the right in Fig. 6. Notice
the bearing to the left and the large
block plane to the right. The small
symbol to the left indicates that the
little planing to the left, is done in the
same direction as the rest, but with just
a little more care.
In these illustrations we have used
only three examples of joints that often
need fixing up with the block plane,
but the different kinds of joints that the
block plane is used on are unlimited in
number. Moreover, the block plane is
used in many different ways, and for
many different purposes.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
KERFEVG OFFSET BLOCKS
Offsetting a line when it is used for
straightening studding, forms, joists
and so forth, is not a new thing, for it is
well known to carpenters everywhere,
but kerfing the offset blocks to hold
them in position is not so well known,
and that is what we are offering in this
article.
In offsetting a line, say, for straight-
ening a side form for a concrete wall,
the accepted procedure is to use %-
inch blocks and slip a block under the
line at each end to hold the line away
from the form enough to miss the
bulges or crooks. There are different
ways employed to hold the blocks in
place; some carpenters tack them to the
form and others nail the blocks to the
form with the nail left partly undriven
to fasten the line to. These methods
and others we have seen used success-
fully in most cases, but the method we
are showing by the illustration, we be-
lieve is the simplest and most practical
of them all.
At A we have a line that is offset
%th of an inch, giving cross sections of
the blocks and showing, by dotted lines,
how the blocks have been kerfed in
order to slip the line into the saw kerf
for holding the blocks in position. At
B we are showing the same line blocked
out with the same blocks, but looking
straight at it. Try this trick the next
time you have to offset a line, — of
course, the offset blocks and the gauge
block must be the 'same in thickness.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
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TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Of ESTIMATING
If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $5.00,
and pay the balance of $25.00 at $5.00 per
month, making a total of $30.00 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Johnson Building C, Denver 2, Colorado
"YANKEE
1.7
X-
TOOLS
also make friends
For more than half a century,
"YANKEE" Fine Mechanics' Tools
— from Spiral Screw Drivers to
Tap Wrenches and from Automatic
Drills to Bit Braces — have been
doing the work they were designed
to do: saving time, energy, and
costs on countless different jobs.
"Yankee" ingenuity means faster
and easier work. "Yankee" qual-
ity means dependable and rugged
performance.
'"YANKEE" SPIRAL SCREW DRIVER No. 130A
A Size for Every Purpose
YANKEE TOOLS
make good mechanics better
North/Bros. Mfg. Co., Phila. 33, U.S.A.
Established 1880
Makers, also, of "Yankee-Handyman" Tools
Cuts up to IV2". Adjust-
able fence fits either side.
Removable depth gauge
and spur. Cutter can be
used in forward seat to
make bull-nose plane.
Makes quick work of
rabbet joints for shelv-
ing, built-in bookcases,
weatherstripping, etc.
No. 78 Plane is just one of the
many planes made by Stanley and
designed for just one purpose . . .
to help woodworkers do better work
in less time. Stanley Tools, New
Britain, Connecticut.
[ STAN LEY)
Trade Mark
THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD
The compact design— p e r f e c t balance— and light
weight of the W MallDrill makes it easy to handle
in close quarters and cramped positions. It is equal-
ly efficient on metal, wood and p'astics. Its power-
ful, high speed motor, special steel alloy gears, and
extra long brushes combine to assure long, constant
service. Easily serviced without dismantling. W
MallDrill is available in 2 speeds— 1700 rpm and 2500
rpm— operates on 110- volt AC-DC or 220-volt AC-DC
V2" MallDrill is tailormade for heavy duty drilling.
Has speed of 500 rpm— available for 110-volt AC-DC
or 220-volt AC-DC
Ask your Deafer or Write for Literature on
MallDrills, MallPlanes and Mallsaws.
MALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago Ave., Chicago, 19, III.
25 years of "Better Tools for Better Work".
AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides
4 vols. $6
Inside Trade Information
lot Carpenters. Builders. Join-
era. Building Mechanics and
nil Woodworkers. Thesa
Guides give you the short-cut
instructions that you want —
including new methods, ideas,
solutions, pla
ney I
,sy proen
liEO:
the
tter Work and Bet-
To get this assist-
yoursell. simply HI
ill the FREE COU-
Inside Trade Information On: po?
How to use the steel square — How to file and set
saws — How to build furniture — How to use a
mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How to use
rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpenters
arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems— Es-
timating strength of timbers — How to set girdera
and sills — How to frame houses and roofs — How to
estimate costs — How to build houses, barns, gar-
ages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw
plans — Drawing up specifications — How to ex-
cavate—How to use settings 12. 13 and 17 on the
steel square — How to build hoists and scaffolds — ■
skylights — How to build stairs — How to put on
interior trim — How to hanK doors — How to lath —
lay floors — How to paint
THEO. AUDEL & CO., 49 W. 23rd St., New York City
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides. 4 vols., on 7 days' free trial It O.K.
I will remit Jl in 7 days, end $1 monthly until $6 » paid. Otherwise I will return theav
Hq obligation unless I am satisfied.
Occupation.
Belcrence . .
CAR
The minute you pick up an Atkins Handsaw you'll recog-
nize its perfect balance and correct design. Yes, it
feels right. . . does the job right too. It helps produce
the kind of job that marks the v/ork of the master craftsman. With keen,
edge-holding teeth that take healthy bites at every stroke . . . with "Silver
Steel" to assure extra service between filings . . . with fast, free-cutting
qualities, Atkins are your best bet for better work. Check with your dealer
today to see if he has the saw you want.
E. G. ATKINS AN
COMPANY
402 South Illinois Street • Indianapolis 9, Indiana
Agents or Dealers in all Principal Cities the World Over
Hacksaw Blades
Handsaws
Narrow Band Saws
FINER SAWS FOR EVERY CUTTING NEED
ATKINS %& SAWS
Circular Saws
MPENTER
FOUNDED 1881
\ Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
JUNE, 1946
m
warn
itttffl
iiliipi«ii
Now thai the war s over and a lot more
civilian gopdi are on the tparket, it's)?
Wg temptation/ to srlcnd just about :aTO
you make, and not rjul anything aside.
->But to fall for that temptation is plenty
dangerous.i It's like tj-ying tofljve in 'the :
J|touse' above,— a- hoUse that rnight come1
, tumbling down about ypur ears at the
first little blow oflhard tuck.
Right now the best possible way to
>keep your finances in sound shape is to
save regularly— by buying V. S. Savings / ,
Bonds ft/trough the Payra/I 'Plan.
The^e Bonds *f* exactly like War
Bonds. Millioijsbf Americans have found ;
; them the safest, easiest, surest way to
save. The U. S. A- protects every, dollar-
you invest^arid tjrtcle Sam gives\ yoq
his personal guarantee that, in just ten'
years, you'll get four dollars back for
every three you put in !
If you stick, with the Payroll Savings
Plan, you'll hot only guard against rimy
days, you'll also be 'storing , Up money
for the really important things— i'like
sending your" children to college, travel-
ing, ^buying a home
So— anyway you -look at it— isn't u
smart to ,buy every /single U. S. Bond
you car); possibly afftjrdl ; -
SAve thbwy way.. imy your komos through wrolLsawms
,
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
of ESTIMATING
If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $5.00,
and pay the balance of $25.00 at $5.00 per
month, making a total of $30.00 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Johnson Building C, Denver 2, Colorado
PAINE ANCHORS
Stau Prit
IN MASONRY and CONCRETE
For firm, permanent anchorage— in fragile or
tough materia Is— use Paine Lead Expansion
Anchors. Easily and quickly installed, they
provide sure support
for hanging electrical
and plumbing fix-
tures or mooring
small machines and
motors.
Fig. 900 (Machine
Screw Type) is avail-
able in 9 standard
diams. from 6/32 to
5/s".
Fig. 910 (Bolt and
Nut Type) is avail-
able in V4", %" and
Vz" diams. in stand-
ard lengths.
Ask your Hardware
Dealer or write for
catalog.
900 THE PAINE CO.
2967 Carroll Ave., Chicago 12, Illinois
VMIME
FASTENING EitUlftC
and HANGING UlYILLJ
MEASURING
Streamline's accuracy is unsurpassed
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Its extra long tip for holding tape steady,
its compact chrome plated case and lever
brake to hold readings — are only some
of the features which make Streamline
the rule to carry at all times. Fits easily
into any pocket and is ready to use at
an instant's notice.
Can be used for direct inside measur-
ing as well as a caliper, height gauge
or scriber.
Get yours today at your local hard-
ware store or building supply dealer or
use coupon.
Streamline 8 ft. size $2.25
8 ft. replaceable blade 70$
R:UU5
1 , I . I .TRlADf MASK) , ,1 . | , , . I ,
il ih 1 m hliiimTm.il! I ilmm ill
MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC.
815 E. 136th St., New York 54, N. Y., Dept. M-6
Branch: P.O. Box 1587, Oakland, Cat.
Enclosed find $2.00 for the new 6 ft. "Streamline"
(Spare blade 65(2 extra.)
NAME
ADDRESS —
CITY
_STATE.
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Established in 1881
Vol. LXVI— No. 6
INDIANAPOLIS, JUNE, 1946
One Dollar Per Tear
Ten Cents a Copy
— Con tents —
25th Convention Makes History
General President Hutcheson outlines accomplishments of our 25th General Convention
and analyses some of the problems confronting our organizaiton at the present time.
Our Brotherhood Stood Pat
12
Joseph Padway, AFL. General Counsel, gives the convention delegates a brief review
of the great fight our officers put up against the efforts of Thurman Arnold to put a
noose around labor's neck through left-handed interpretations of the Sherman Act.
Half Now in Unions
15
Department of Labor figures reveal that almost half of the nation's workers who are
eligible for union membership are now enjoying the protection of a union contract.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS:
Editorial -
Official
In Memoriam
Correspondence
Plane Gossip
To the Ladies
Craft Problems
16
19
20
21
24
26
28
Index to Advertisers
Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
NO WW I THANKS TO THE HELP
of GATEWAY BOOKS^
NO CARPENTRY JOB IS
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So start building your library today.
Check these titles and our special Sum-
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You need send no money. We will ship the
books C.O.D. We send you a card telling when
books will arrive and you pay postman on their
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Special
If your purchase to-
tals $10.00 or more,
and remittance is enclosed with or-
der, we will send you one copy of
Blue Print Reading... a regular $2.00
value . . . absolutely FREE.
1. CARPENTRY CRAFT PROBLEMS. Written by H. H.
Siegele. This book contains over 300 pages and 700 illustra-
tions covering the solution of problems encountered by wood-
workers. Tool, fireproof construction, boxing win- «f,j -^
dow and door frames and estimating jobs V'Z-jV
2. BUILDING— FORMS, STAIRS, ROOFS. This book is
a favorite of carpenters all over the country because it gives
principles of Roof Framing, Setting Jambs. Flooring and
Floors, Foundation plans and details. Elevations and sec-
tions, geometrical stairs, Balusters,, Roof Pitches, <tn Cn
Irregular plan roofs, etc. 495 illust. 210 pages. V^'jU
3. QUICK CONSTRUCTION. Partial list of contents in-
clude: Platform problems. Special uses of tools. Job-made
tools, bridging and flooring problems, screens and mitering
mouldings, window frame problems. Flashing, Sills, Stools,
Porch and Stair problems, Carpenter made furniture. Ogee and
other cuts. Tricks of the trade, etc. Written by cf,, cn
H. H. Siegele. 250 pgs. 670 illust V»^Ot'
4. ROOF FRAMING by R. M. Van Gaasbeek, Pratt Insti-
tute. A thorough understanding is given of the principles
and application to practical work. Includes principles of roof
framing, framing a gable roof, roofs of equal pitch, dormers,
gambrel roofs, lengths of roof rafters, curved rafter roofs,
conic roofs, hopper bevels, rake and level mould- cf^ rr\
ings, etc. 270 pages. 116 illust S>^-Ow
5. THE STEEL SQUARE. By Fred T. Hodgsen, 475 pages
and over 300 illustrations of complete information of the ap-
plications and uses of the Steel Square. The book is pro-
fusely illustrated with sketches which cover the a
whole field of steel square practice V^'J^
6. MODERN CARPENTRY. 680 pages and over 600 illus-
trations tell and show how to do all types of jobs the cor-
rect way. Written in conversational language for d>- __
ambitious carpenters ¥>^»Jt'
Qlu armtifce
Gateway Books are guaranteed to
be absolutely satisfactory in every
respect, or your money refunded.
The GATEWAY BOOK CO., Dept. C-18
32 N. State — Chicago 2, Blinois
$5.00
7. HOME REMODELING. 528 pages, 319 illustrations. 12
tables and 10 full size blueprints drawn to scale. An excellent
book for woodworkers who do a lot of this type of work be-
cause it helps you give many new ideas and angles
that produce more work at better pay for you
8. CONCRETE DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION. 508 pages
and 251 illust. A new and enlarged edition of this practical
and popular "how-to-do-it" book dealing with all phases of
modern concrete work. Covers retaining walls, beam d> _ _ -.
designs, concrete columns, form construction, etc. VJ-"''
9. ESTIMATING FOR THE BUILDING TRADES. 629
pages, 310 illust., 44 tables. A complete book on the esti-
mating of all material and labor costs for every phase of
the building trades for most types of buildings. Excellent for
all carpenters and wood workers who figure their d> - -.-.
own jobs. Saves many times the cost of the book rj,l'u
10. BLUE PRINT READING. Ill pages, 69 illust. A book
of instruction devoted to the reading of blue-prints for the
building trades. Leaves nothing to doubt. Com- d>~ nn
plete, concise <p^MU
11. MATHEMATICS. A mighty useful book on basic arith-
metic. Filled with sound help and problems. *._ __
Makes a good reference and "brusher- upper" book. V^'O^
■■—CLIP THIS COUPON""
■ Gateway Book Co., Dept. C-18
I 32 N. State, Chicago 2, Illinois
B Gentlemen: Please send me the books I've checked be- |
low. I understand that if any of the books are not satis- |
factory, I may return them for refund.
123456789 10 11
NAME ■
I
STREET _
CITY
STATE I
~m
Let this popular, easy-reading GREENLEE
HANDY CALCULATOR swiftly solve your
woodworking problems. Just set the dial
. . . convert linear feet to board feet .
get slope per foot in degrees . compare
hardness, weights, shrinkage, warping and
working ease of various woods.
More, too: bit sizes for head, body, thread
of screws . . . nail specifications . tool
sharpening hints protractor, 6" diam-
eter, fits your tool kit. Heavily varnished
cardboard. Special offer Order now, send
10c (not stamps) in next mail. Greenlee
Tool Co., Division of Greenlee Bros. & Co.,
2086 Columbia Avenue, Rockford, Illinois.
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be. In their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising space In "The Car-
penter," including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 32
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford, 111 4
Keuffel & Esser, Hoboken, N. J. 30
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, III 3rd Cover
Master Rule Mfg. Co., Inc., New
York, N. Y 1
A. D. McBurney, Los Angeles,
Cal. 30
Ohlen-Bishop Mfg. Co., Colum-
bus, Ohio 29
Paine Company, Chicago, 111 1
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
Johns-Manville, New York, N. Y. 32
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford
City, Ind 4th Cover
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 31
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y. 3rd Cover
Gateway Publishing Co., Chi-
cago, 111 3
Mason & Parrish, Engineers,
Kalamazoo, Mich 31
Nelson Co., Chicago, 111 31
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 29
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo.__ 1
KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS
25th CONTENTION MAKES HISTORY
By WM. L,. HITTCHESON, General President
ALMOST sixty-five years to the day from the date of its conception
the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
opened its Twenty-fifth General Convention in Lakeland, Florida.
It was late in April, 1881, that a small group of St. Louis carpenters con-
ceived the idea of building- a national organization of their craft. Sixty-
five years later, on April 22, 1946, to be exact, some nine hundred and five
delegates, representing more than twenty-six hundred local unions, gath-
ered together in Lakeland, Fla., to open the Twenty-fifth General Con-
vention of the organization they started.
Even for me it is difficult to visualize the progress sixty-five years
have brought. When fourteen local unions from scattered areas through-
out the east and middle west met in
Chicago in August of 1881 to carry
out the St. Louis idea of building
a national carpenters' union, the
delegates to that meeting spoke for
a few thousand organized men at
best. They had no money— in fact
they left the meeting with a debt of
fifty-seven dollars hanging over
their heads. Wages were low and
working conditions were abomin-
able. Working agreements were vir-
tually museum pieces. About the
only real assets they possessed were
courage and determination. Sixty-
five years later the organization met
in the auditorium of its own home
for the aged, one of Florida's real
showplaces. The fourteen original
local unions had grown to close to
twenty-seven hundred. Membership
had passed the two-thirds of a mil-
lion mark. There were deposits in
various banks totaling close to ten
million dollars and other assets in-
cluding thousands of acres of valu-
able Florida citrus land, a magnifi-
cent home for retired members,
two modern buildings in the heart
of Indianapolis, plus a scattering of
other real estate. And best of all,
wages were six to eight times what
they were in 1881, working condi-
tions were vastly improved and
agreements existed virtually every-
where.
Despite the fact the Twenty-
fifth General Convention was post-
poned a year and a half by wartime
restrictions on travel it turned out
to be the biggest and one of the most
constructive ever held by the United
Brotherhood of Carpenters and
Joiners. Reconversion and peace
brought with them a host of knotty
problems for the membership of the
Brotherhood. The convention agen-
da was crowded with them, yet in
record-breaking time the nine hun-
dred delegates disposed of these
problems in a constructive and
democratic manner.
The five and a half years that
elapsed between the Twenty-fifth
General Convention and the preced-
ing one were among the most try-
ing in the history of not only our
Brotherhood but in the history of
the United States as well. A war
was fought and won on a world-
wide basis. It was a war that taxed
THE CARPENTER
the resources and might of the na-
tion to their utmost. It demanded
cantonments and 'factories and ar-
senals and docks. It not only de-
manded these things but it demand-
ed them in record-breaking- time.
Hundreds of thousands of our
members responded to the call.
From the Atlantic to the Pacific
and from border to border they
took up the challenge, and I am
happy to say they did the job re-
quired of them. In not a single in-
stance did they fall down. Near-
ly impossible schedules were met
again and again, and not once did
those directing the overall strategy
of the war have to revise their plans
because a job on which our mem-
bers worked was not completed in
time. In addition, approximately
seventy-five thousand of our mem-
bers laid down the tools of their
trade to take up arms when the call
came. More than seven hundred of
these made the supreme sacrifice.
All of these things make up a war
record of which every member of
the Brotherhood can be justifiably
proud.
Peace and reconversion have
brought a multitude of problems no
less urgent, no less pressing, no less
vital to the welfare of the nation
than the problems raised by Japa-
nese bombing of Pearl Harbor on
December 7, 1941. It was these
problems that held the attention of
the delegates to the Twenty-fifth
General Convention, and I am
happy to say that the delegates by
their words and actions in the con-
clave made it clear that they and
the membership they represented
intend to attack the problems of
peace as vigorously and as whole-
heartedly as they attacked the prob-
lems of war.
No industry today is faced with
the multitude and complexity of
problems that confront the building
industry. First, ten years of de-
pression slowed down construction
of all kinds. Then five years of war
curbed it almost completely. The
end result is that a fifteen-year
backlog of needed construction has
piled up. The need for buildings
and homes is at an all-time peak.
On the surface it would appear that
the construction trades are in the
middle of a golden era. Yet nothing
is farther from the truth. The in-
dustry is plagued and bedeviled by
regulations and restrictions. It is
hampered by material shortages and
unrealistic policies formulated at
Washington. It is hemmed in and
surrounded by rules and directives
and edicts until there is little left
that even remotely resembles com-
mon sense.
Ironically enough the building in-
dustry is the key industry in the
entire reconversion program. Be-
fore more men can be put to work
new factories must be built or old
ones must be expanded, homes must
be provided for the workers, and
equipment must be overhauled or
rebuilt. Yet in spite of the build-
ing industry being the key industry
in reconversion, it is a sad truth
that the building industry is the
most regulated, restricted, and gov-
ernment-dominated industry in our
economy today.
All these things the delegates to
the Twenty-fifth General Conven-
tion of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America
realized. Particularly they realized
that a sort of national hysteria is
developing over the present lack of
adequate housing for returned vet-
erans and citizens in general, a hys-
teria that is threatening to lead the
country down a blind alley that can
end only in broken hopes and un-
filled promises. As a result, the
THE CARPENTER
convention adopted a comprehen-
sive program designed to remove
some of the shackles hampering the
industry and holding back adequate
production of good, sound, practi-
cal houses fit for American people
to live in.
First, the convention insisted
upon the immediate removal of
CPA restrictions on building. Un-
der the CPA's regulations all build-
ing other than low-cost homes is
placed under government control,
threatening widespread unemploy-
ment in the whole building indus-
try.
2. Instead of channelling build-
ing materials into the low-cost
home building field it was further
increasing operations in the already
extensive black market in building
materials, thereby driving prices
upward and making ever fewer ma-
terials available to the low-cost
home field.
3. The building industry is a
Two Old Timers: Gen. Pres. Wm. L. Hutcheson and Gen. Sec'y Frank Duffy.
the theory being that if other types
of building are halted building ma-
terials will flow more readily into
the low-cost home field. However,
from the reports of the delegates
from all sections of the country, it
became clear to the convention that :
1. The restriction on commercial
building was throwing many build-
ing tradesmen out of work and
balanced industry composed of
many different kinds of construc-
tion which are not too closely re-
lated. The industry as a whole is
not capable of concentrating on one
type of building solely.
4. The real bottleneck lies in the
lack of building materials.
As a result of these things, the
convention urged the immediate
THE CARPENTER
cancellation of government restric-
tions on construction. It also urged
that the government immediately
undertake a comprehensive program
to increase the production of now
scarce building materials. From the
reports of delegates the convention
learned that considerable lumber
was being shipped abroad because
the manufacturers were less re-
stricted by price ceilings on this
type of business. It was also learn-
ed that no little amount of American
lumber was being used to crate ma-
chinery and other equipment being
prepared for export. While realiz-
ing that America should extend as
much of a helping hand as possible
to the war-stricken nations of Eur-
ope and Asia, it was the unanimous
opinion of the delegates that char-
ity should begin at home and Amer-
icans should not be unduly penal-
ized to provide such help abroad.
It was further found that unreal-
istic policies on the part of the
OPA were seriously hampering
production of building materials
and creating a huge black market in
these goods. Also by unanimous
action, the convention went on rec-
ord as favoring the immediate re-
moval of restrictive OPA policies
and the abolition of other govern-
ment agencies that hamper and re-
strict the free play of natural eco-
nomic forces in the construction
field.
Of primary concern to the dele-
gates was the staggering increase
in the production of "jerry-built"
houses brought on by the existing
shortage of places to live. Thou-
sands upon thousands of people are
each month being duped into buying
these white elephants. Among the
victims is a large percentage of ex-
service men. It was the unanimous
opinion of the convention that reme-
dial steps should be taken at once.
Veterans, like others, do not want
"cheap" houses; they want low-cost
houses. Cheap houses are those
which have a low initial cost but a
terrifically high upkeep cost, while
low-cost homes are those which
represent a good, honest, substantial
value over the period of a lifetime.
It was felt by the convention that the
government was literally subsidiz-
ing the "cheap" home industry and
thereby creating the slums of ten or
twenty years from now. The con-
vention felt that the government
could better use its resources and
finances to increase the production
of building materials and as a re-
sult encourage the construction of
sound dollar-value homes.
The convention further deter-
mined that some over-emphasis has
been placed on home ownership. It
was the consensus of opinion of the
delegates that there is a great need
for construction of low-rent apart-
ment houses. Many young couples
just starting out are in no better
position to buy a home immediately
than their fathers or their grand-
fathers were when they first as-
sumed family responsibilities.
Therefore, it was the opinion of the
convention that every effort should
be made by the government to en-
courage the construction of housing
units capable of renting at a figure
young veterans and others just
starting out in married life can af-
ford to pay.
The convention thus took cogni-
zance of the confused situation ex-
isting in the building industry to-
day. The remedies it suggested are
sound and realistic. To push for the
adoption of these remedies, the con-
vention unanimously recommended
the setting up of a special Commit-
tee on Housing to function under
THE CARPENTER
9
the direction of the General Presi-
dent and the General Executive
Board.
Although figures reveal member-
ship in the United Brotherhood has
virtually doubled in the past five
and a half years, the convention rec-
ognized the need for further inten-
sive organizing work among the
Employer antagonism is diminish-
ing and interest in unionism among
workers is increasing; all of which
indicates that the time is ripe for
more intensive organizing work in
the South. Consequently the con-
vention, by unanimous action, auth-
orized the General Officers and the
General Executive Board to step up
Opening Session of the 25th General Convention
unorganized. Great progress has
been made by the Brotherhood in
organizing the logging operations,
sawmill. and veneer plants, and fur-
niture factories of the West Coast
during the past few years. Never-
theless, considerable organizing
work yet remains to be done. In the
lumber industry of the South organ-
izing has not progressed as rapidly,
due mostly to the antagonistic atti-
tude of the employers. However,
delegates from the southern states
indicated that the picture has been
changing in that section recently.
and continue in the future the or-
ganizing methods and means that
have proven so successful in the
past.
Not the least of the problems con-
fronting the building trades today
is apprenticeship and apprentice-
ship training. Certainly in our
branch of the trade it is an impor-
tant factor. Owing to the war years
during which virtually all young
men were drafted into the armed
forces at the time they would nor-
mally begin taking their apprentice-
10
THE CARPENTER
ship training, a serious shortage of
mechanics has developed in our
craft. In view of the building boom
which must develop over the course
of the next few years, the conven-
tion recognized the vital necessity
of having an adequate number of
men trained each year to meet the
demand for skilled mechanics that
will naturally follow.
Primarily the concern of our or-
ganization has been with the young
man who was drafted into the armed
forces at the time he was ready to
start his apprenticeship training or
who was already started on his ap-
prenticeship training at the time the
call to arms came. The United
Brotherhood was one of the first or-
ganizations in the labor movement
to give consideration to the veteran.
It was one of the first unions to
waive an initiation fee for qualified
veterans. It was one of the first or-
ganizations to place all men serving
in the armed forces in full benefit
standing during the term of their
service without the payment of any
dues by them to the local union or
the payment of any per capita taxes
by the local union to the interna-
tional office.
Since the end of the war the
United Brotherhood has made every
effort to encourage veterans to take
up apprenticeship training in our
craft under the provisions of the
GI Bill of Rights. The delegates
to the convention revealed that in
some states and localities Brother-
hood affiliates have set up excellent
standards and practices for appren-
ticeship training. However, a num-
ber of sections were reported as
having very poor systems or no
systems at all for supervising ap-
prenticeship training, mainly be-
cause employer cooperation was
lacking or because state authorities
were negligent in their duties.
To remedy this situation the
convention authorized the setting
up of a National Standard of Ap-
prenticeship Training within the
Brotherhood. It further authorized
First General Vice President M. A.
Hutcheson (who is a member of the
National Committee on Apprentice-
ship Training) to compile or have
compiled a Standard Manual for the
training of apprentices, with man-
datory and optional courses, for
distribution to all local unions and
district councils of the Brother-
hood. It also recommended that he
direct all local unions and district
councils to develop and adopt a set
of apprenticeship standards and a
system for training apprentices in
line with the Standard Manual ;
such system to be recognized as the
official agency for training appren-
tices in each district. The conven-
tion further recommended that the
entire apprenticeship program be
carried on in the closest possible
cooperation with the Veterans Ad-
ministration so long as veterans are
involved in the program.
Another matter that occupied the
attention of the delegates to the con-
vention was the growing threat of
anti-labor legislation. Bill Green,
president of the American Federa-
tion of Labor, George Meany, sec-
retary-treasurer of the same organ-
ization, and Joseph Padway, AFL
general counsel, all addressed the
convention and outlined the ever-
increasing threat of vicious, anti-
labor legislation being written into
the law books in Washington. How-
ever, the Brotherhood has in the
last five and a half years made it
very plain where it stands on the
matter of protecting labor's rights.
In the dark days of 1939 and 1940
THE CARPENTER
11
when Thurman Arnold was riding
high as special United States attor-
ney bent on imposing- some of his
special theories on the economy of
the nation, the Brotherhood stood
four-square. Seven times our organ-
ization was indicted under Thur-
man Arnold's private interpreta-
tions of the Sherman Anti-trust law.
Each time we fought the indictment.
Each time we refused to bow our
heads. Each time we refused to
take a consent decree, the easiest
way out, as a few other organiza-
tions did. We fought each indict-
ment as it arose and one by one we
beat six of them in the highest
courts in the land. As this is being
written decision on the seventh is
being expected momentarily from
the United States Supreme Court.
In no small measure this adaman-
tine stand by the United Brother-
hood of Carpenters and Joiners re-
moved from over the head of or-
ganized labor the threat of shackles
through left-handed interpretations
of laws such as the Sherman Anti-
trust Act. In view of this record it
should surprise no one to learn that
our Brotherhood will oppose as vig-
orously any efforts to hamstring la-
bor through new legislation as it
opposed the efforts of Thurman Ar-
nold to bring unions under govern-
ment domination through left-hand-
ed interpretations of existing laws.
The United Brotherhood of Carpen-
ters and Joiners of America is a
firm believer in free enterprise and
free unions. With all its funds and
resources it will oppose any and all
efforts by anyone to abridge the
rights and prerogatives genera-
tions of union men struggled and
fought to establish. The half-dozen
anti-union measures now before
Congress will be opposed to the last
ditch by the United Brotherhood.
The right to strike, the right to
work or not work alongside a non-
union man, the right to use or refuse
to use non-union materials are all
sacred rights of labor secured after
much struggle and sacrifice. The
United Brotherhood will not see
them revised, abridged, or curbed
so long as it has one ounce of eco-
nomic strength or one dollar left.
It will defend them in the legisla-
tures of the various states and it
will defend them in the halls of
Congress. The Twenty-fifth Gen-
eral Convention issued a mandate to
the General Officers and General
Executive Board to that effect, and
neither the General Officers nor
General Executive Board are in-
clined to take that mandate lightly.
If the Twenty-fifth General Con-
vention made any one thing clear it
was that the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America
is going in one direction only —
forward. Few conventions in our
history had the unanimity of pur-
pose and all-round determination to
work for the common good that
the Twenty-fifth General Conven-
tion displayed. There was more
genuine unity, more feeling of true
brotherhood, and more of the spirit
of cooperation in this convention
than in almost any I have ever' at-
tended. I am confident that trials
and tribulations the next few years
will bring can have no other effect
than to weld the United Brother-
hood into a finer, tighter, more im-
pregnable organization. I know I
speak for the entire organization
when I say we look to the past with
pride and face the future full of
confidence that all obstacles will be
met 'and conquered as they arise.
12
Convention speaker reveals how the fight
put up by our officers kept labor free
Our Brotherhood Stood Pat
(Excerpts from a speech by Joseph Padway, AFL General Counsel, before 25th General Convention)
PRESIDENT HUTCHESON, President Green, delegates, ladies and
gentlemen: I have a mission to perform this morning, as your
General President has indicated, a mission to bring to you the his-
tory in panorama form of the legislation which now confronts the labor
movement both in the states and in the nation.
In order to understand the present history with respect to legislation
affecting the labor movement, it is necessary to make comparisons with
similar history during World War I.
During that war and immediately after it, employers in the country
engaged in a campaign to wreck the labor movement, and they adopted
certain plans and schemes which would aid them in this endeavor or at
least greatly weaken the labor movement. During that war and immedi-
ately after it, employers were con-
vinced that workers did want trade
unions, for they observed that their
workers were joining unions in
large numbers. At the peak I be-
lieve the American Federation of
Labor had in excess of four million
members at that time, and the em-
ployers did not like that. They said
to themselves that since workers do
want trade unions, workers want to
join organizations, we will give
them organizations and we will
have them join the organizations
that we create. Thus there was ac-
tivated something that had existed
in the past in a small way, but now
with great vigor and force — the
company dominated union. Com-
pany dominated unions flourished
more than ever during the war
years of World War I.
It was at that time that the great
company unions in steel, in motors
and in other industries were cre-
ated.
These employer fostered unions
were given great names — they were
known as Employees Mutual Bene-
fit Associations ; and some were
wrapped up with the flag by nam-
ing them the American Plan ; they
were blessed with large expendi-
tures on the part of the employers.
Thus they were instrumental in pre-
venting legitimate trade union or-
ganization. Further, they were in-
strumental in reducing the member-
ship of the American Federation of
Labor and the Brotherhoods as a
result of those means. But the pri-
mary purpose was the destruction
or weakening of the labor move-
ment.
It was much easier to do it then
because labor had no Norris-La-
Guardia act at that time. That came
in to being in 1932; it prohibited
the Federal judiciary from issuing
injunctions in labor disputes. But
now we have that and also the Na-
tional Labor Relations Act, an Act
which has some faults and which
at times has been administered to
the disadvantage of our unions. But
the primary purpose, the basis of
the National Labor Relations Act is
THE CARPENTER
13
sound; its idea is to free employes
from coercion by employers ; it
thereby prevents the creation of
company unions. The purpose of
the National Labor Relations Act
was to make possible the organiza-
tion of workers free from employer
control.
As a result of the Norris-LaGuar-
dia Act courts were prevented from
citing workers for contempt and
putting them in jail by the same
judge who issued the injunction.
My point is that we did not have
those protective laws in those days
and as a result of the lack of those
laws employers were able to foster
the company unions and prevent
true organization.
During the second world war
the employers again commenced to
think how trade unionism could be
destroyed. Again true unionism
was flourishing — again they were
growing. They realized that with
these large labor organizations,
some eight hundred thousand in
yours, the American Federation of
Labor with seven millions, the rail-
road brotherhoods having increased
their membership, the employers
wanted to devise ways and means of
accomplishing that which they were
successful in accomplishing in
World War I.
The means that they adopted
were twofold; one, to invoke exist-
ing laws, the laws known as the
anti-trust laws ; and two, to change
or remove from the statute books
the protective laws which labor had
acquired in the meantime. That is
the present plan of employers, and
reactionary forces to destroy the
labor movement.
Let us consider their first device,
to attack labor through the anti-
trust laws. There came to the Anti-
trust Division of the Department of
Justice a professor of Yale Univer-
sity, one who had little practical
legal experience. He came to the De-
partment of Justice, and as a result,
of what seems to me, superficial read-
ing in old treatises on economics he
resolved to utilize that knowledge
against the labor movement in order
to compel them to conform to his
opinion and his theories of what is
good social economics.
This man, Mr. Thurman Arnold,
brought indictments against trade
unions for alleged violation of the
Anti-Trust Laws, and by coinci-
dence the first indictment he chose
was against the United Brotherhood
of Carpenters and Joiners of Amer-
ica. He found that in St. Louis
there was a jurisdictional dispute;
he waited for an opportunity like
that, because in his opinion a juris-
dictional dispute had the least justi-
fication of all labor disputes, and
thus he thought he had a sure win-
ning case. He compelled the. Broth-
erhood to come to conferences with
the United States Attorney. He sent
for your International Officers after
the indictment and then he proceed-
ed with the prosecution. In the
meantime he had instituted several
indictments against other unions,
but he held those up and centered
upon the indictment against the
Brotherhood of Carpenters in St.
Louis.
He made suggestions to some un-
ions for consent decrees and I re-
gret to say, but not with any criti-
cism because I don't know what
prompted it, some of the organiza-
tions did consent to the decrees that
Mr. Arnold offered by way of
avoiding prosecution. The Brother-
hood of Carpenters did not accept
any consent decree. They retained
able counsel, Mr. Tuttle of New
York in association with your Gen-
eral Counsel, and they proceeded to
give the Government battle.
14
THE CARPENTER
That case was heard upon a mo-
tion to dismiss in the city of St.
Louis, and in that case there was
laid down the principles of law
which I believe in a great measure
prevented the labor movement from
being destroyed; I believe the text
of the language might be used as a
real charter of labor with respect
to the existence of our rights and
with respect to the right to continue
as free labor organizations. The
United States Supreme Court in
that case said this :
"It is at once apparent that the
acts with which defendants are
charged are the kind of acts pro-
tected by Section 20 of the Clayton
Act. The refusal of the Carpenters
to work for Anheuser-Busch or on
construction work being done for it
and its adjoining tenant, and the
peaceful attempt to get members of
other unions similarly to refuse to
work, are plainly within the free
scope accorded to workers by Sec-
tion 20 for 'terminating any relation
of employment,' or 'ceasing to per-
form any work or labor,' or 'recom-
mending, advising or persuading
others by peaceful means so to do.'
And then the Court went on to
say this, which I believe will be-
come a classic in labor law as long
as there will be labor law in this
country :
"So long as a Union acts in its
self-interest and does not combine
with nonlabor groups, the licit and
illicit under Section 20 are not to
be distinguished by any judgment
on the part of the Attorney-General
regarding the wisdom or unwisdom,
the Tightness or wrongness, the self-
ishness or unselfishness of the end
of which the particular union activi-
ties are the means."
That may be slightly legalistic,
but it means this, that no Attorney
General can set himself up as the
judge of what is wrong because of
his own peculiar notions of eco-
nomics, so long as the means em-
ployed by trade unionists is to fos-
ter and protect their own interests;
under such circumstances, they com-
mit no crime under the Anti-Trust
Laws. As a result of that decision
labor was prevented from having to
go through and defend most of the
other cases. Some they had to de-
fend. Your own organization had
to defend some more, but the basic
principle having been determined,
Mr. Arnold was badly beaten in his
further attempts.
Thus Section 20 of the Clayton
Act, which modified and amended
the Sherman Anti-Trust Law and
contains this very memorable sen-
tence, "The Labor of a human be-
ing is not an article or commodity
of commerce," thereby forever dis-
tinguishing between labor in and of
itself and the things that are formed
and created or produced by labor,
was given force and vitality in this
great case.
I am not here to compliment any-
one merely for the sake of saying
nice things; I am not here to say
gracious things merely for the sake
of being gracious, but I am here to
say that it is to the credit of the
Brotherhood of Carpenters, it is to
the credit of President Hutcheson
that he stood squarely on his rights,
engaged able counsel to become
associated with Mr. Carson, and
spared no expense — it cost money
to litigate these cases — and as a re-
sult one of the most serious in-
roads upon the rights of labor was
prevented, and all labor was saved
large expense, trouble and heart-
ache by the attitude of your Presi-
dent and of the United Brotherhood
of Carpenters and Joiners of Amer-
ica.
15
Half Now In Unions
ACCORDING to the Department of Labor, about 13.8 million of an
estimated 29 million workers engaged in occupations in which
unions were organizing and endeavoring to obtain written a°ree-
ments, were covered by written collective bargaining agreements in 1945.
A drop in the absolute number of workers covered from 14.3 million in
1944 was attributable entirely to a reduction of "eligible" workers, the
percentage of workers covered having risen from 47 per cent to 48 per
cent.
The percentage of workers covered in manufacturing last year was
nearly double that for non-manufacturing — 67 to 34 per cent. Percentage
gains were registered in both cate-
gories, the figures for 1944 having
been 65 and 33 per cent respectively.
In absolute figures manufacturing
workers covered dropped off from
8.75 to 8 million from 1944 to 1945,
while an absolute gain was regis-
tered in non-manufacturing where
the number of workers under agree-
ment rose from 5.5 to 5.8 million.
The estimated 29 million "eligi-
ble" workers include all wage and
salary workers except those in ex-
ecutive, managerial, and certain
types of professional positions in
most industries. The figure ex-
cludes all self-employed, domestic
workers, agricultural wage workers
on farms employing fewer than 6
persons, all Federal and State em-
ployes, teachers, and elected and
appointed officials in local govern-
ments.
The number of workers covered
by contract should not be confused
with the number of union members.
Except under closed-shop or union-
shop conditions, agreements cover
members and non-members within
the bargaining unit. On the other
hand, union members may work in
establishments not covered by bi-
lateral agreements. This is true, for
example, of many civil service em-
ployes and teachers who are union
members.
The first regular survey of cover-
age under union contracts was made
by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
in 1941 and has been continued on
an annual basis since then. A pre-
liminary study was undertaken in
1938. In 1941, the Bureau estimated
that 30 per cent of eligible workers
were covered. The 1945 figure,
therefore, represents a gain of about
60 per cent in the proportion of
workers covered, over a 4-year per-
iod.
Even more marked than the aver-
age change have been changes in
individual industries in comparison
with the situation in 1938. For ex-
ample, in that }^ear the aircraft in-
dustry was almost entirely without
union agreements, while in 1945
nearly the entire industry was cov-
ered. The same holds true of metal
mining and the manufacture of
clocks and watches. Large gains
have been registered also in meat-
packing, from relatively few work-
ers under written agreement in 1938
to nearly 100 per cent coverage last
year.
'editorial
Place the Blame Where It Really Lies
As Spring gives way to Summer, the national spotlight continues to
focus prominently on the housing problem. News commentators and col-
umnists continue to spread a never-ending amount of hog-wash concerning
the housing problem. Chiefly they continue to rave about the high cost of
home building at present. Bluntly or by innuendo they continue spreading
the falsehood that labor costs are the basic reason why home prices have
skyrocketed.
In addressing our Twenty-fifth General Convention at Lakeland, Wil-
liam Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, touched brief-
ly on this subject. By facts and figures he showed that real estate specu-
lators and not building tradesmen are responsible for the high cost of
homes at present. In part, he said:
"Let us look at a few fundamental facts, the facts that are at the heart
of America's housing problem. They will help us determine labor's true
place in the total housing picture. There is a widespread impression that
the crux of the problem is high construction cost. From congressional com-
mittees to news-magazines the assertion is made again and again that con-
struction cost of the home is the whole problem. And, it is always argued,
the key to that cost is the high labor cost. At every turn you hear: 'cut
wages, reduce the labor cost and you get low-cost housing,' What is there
to this argument?
"The fact is now firmly established that in the sale price of the average
house (taking 1939 as the last pre-war year) the cost of building labor
ranges between 24 per cent and 29 per cent, depending on location and
other conditions. Let us take the high figure and compare it with labor
costs in manufacturing industries. Labor cost in shoe manufacturing is
over 30 per cent ; in hat manufacturing, 38 per cent ; in seamless hosiery,
35 per cent; in full-fashioned hosiery, 42 per cent; in printing, 39 per cent;
in household aluminum ware, t>3 Per cent; in rayon and allied products,
30-i per cent ; in machine tool manufacturing, 42 per cent. There are jy
major industrial groupings in which labor costs are in excess of 30 per
cent of the value of the product. In all of them a larger portion of the con-
sumer's dollar goes to labor costs than in home construction.
"We all know that because of the intensified housing shortage, real
estate inflation and lack of controls, the cost of existing homes has sky-
rocketed. In many cities, houses offered for sale bring two and three times
their original cost. The cost of construction of new housing is also up
quite sharply, currently averaging between 45 and 50 per cent above 1939.
That rise, too is generally blamed on labor. And just as falsely. Accord-
ing to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, between 1939 and 1945, the union
hourly wage rates of building trades journeymen rose only 14.4 per cent
THE CARPENTER 17
and union rates in all building trades rose only 16 per cent. By compari-
son, the cost of building- materials alone went up 33.3 per cent, or more
than twice as much as building wages. In the light of these facts, how can
the increased construction costs be charged to labor? Isn't it plain that
labor costs rose less than any other factor in the price of a house?"
From the foregoing comments, it is not difficult to see that profiteers
and not building tradesmen are responsible for the current inflation in
home prices. The commentators and columnists who continue heaping
the blame on building trades' wages are not only spreading an untruth but
they are also doing irreparable harm by focusing attention in the wrong
direction and thereby delaying prompt recognition of the factors that are
really at fault. Before any remedial steps can be taken the spots where
the, weaknesses lie must be uncovered. Bill Green proved conclusively
that building trades wages are not to be counted among these.
It Still Seems Like A Good Idea
Several months ago we ran an editorial suggesting that a few of our
top-flight labor leaders could be used to good advantage in handling our
relations with foreign nations. That editorial elicited considerable com-
ment— all of it favorable.
And why not? As we pointed out, no group of men in America has
had wider experience in negotiations than our labor leaders. No group has
had a better background in dealing with basically antagonistic groups
than have our labor leaders.
Here we make the major contribution to winning the war, we are feed-
ing a major portion of the world, most of the world is trying to borrow
money from us, yet we seem to be taking all the pushing around in inter-
national circles. Can you imagine John L. Lewis or Bill Hutcheson hold-
ing all the aces in negotiations and still coming out of those negotiations
on the short end? Frankly, we can't and we don't think you can either.
Maybe John L. or Bill couldn't wear short pants or balance a tea cup on
their laps as gracefully as some of our present diplomats can, but you can
bet your bottom dollar that they could more than hold their own in any
knock-down drag-out battle that developed in executive sessions. And
from where we sit that has been part of our trouble ; too much emphasis
has been placed on silk pants wearing and tea cup balancing and not
enough on gOod, old two-fisted negotiating.
Maybe the idea of putting a labor leader on the diplomatic staff in
place of a Fancy Dan is a little bit revolutionary but until the Fancy Dans
start doing a Heck of a lot better than they have been doing we're going to
be for it.
The One Guarantee of a Fair Shake
For a long time now the daily press and radio have been conducting a
systematic campaign to win sympathy for the nation's employers. Accord-
ing to their propaganda the employers are a chastened lot. They are all
big-hearted, progressive and just dying to give their workers everything
but a controlling interest in the business. On the other hand, unions are
pictured as ruthless, demanding, irresponsible ogres taking advantage of
the employers on every hand through supposedly one-sided laws that
18 THE CARPENTER
give everything to labor and take away everything- from employers. We
have seen a hundred cartoons in recent months depicting employers as a
puny, scared little individual prostrate on the ground with a great big
bully labeled "Labor" standing on his neck. This seems to be the editorial
cartoonist's favorite subject matter.
Well, recently we ran across some facts and figures compiled by the
Wages and Hours Division in Washington. In view of the current edi-
torial campaign to win sympathy for the nation's employers we think that
they are more than a little bit interesting. They show that despite the
fact the nation is in the midst of the greatest era of prosperity in its his-
tory, chiseling by employers is still going on.
Wage-Hour Division records show that in the nine month period
ending April I of this year, over 15,000 firms were required to repay to
202.000 employes more than $15,000,000 in wages illegally withheld. Some
employers chiseled on the Wage-Hour Act which sets minimum wages at
forty cents an hour and maximum straight-time hours at forty per week
for those engaged in interstate commerce. Others chiseled on the Walsh-
Healy Act which requires payment of prevailing wage rates in plants
producing materials under contract for the government. Still others were
convicted for violating child labor provisions of the Fair Labor Standards
Act and other long-established federal laws.
In all, the Wage-Hour division examined some 30,000 firms during the
nine month period. One out of every two was found to be a law violator.
Significantly, complaints were received from only a very few of the firms
inspected. Most inspections were made at random by the Division because
of the bad reputations the firms built up over previous years. All this
would indicate that employes of the inspected firms were not organized.
Certainly no union would allow violations of basic labor laws to exist in
any plant.
Here, then, in facts and figures, is a picture of what happens in industry
when unionism is absent. Certainly these facts and figures do not indicate
that employers are entitled to all the sympathy and labor is entitled to
none.
There are few places in this world where sweeping generalities can be
made with impunity. Employer-employe relations is certainly not one
of them. There are good employers; but there is one thing that was true
fifty years ago and is still true today — only by organizing themselves
into strong, wide-awake unions can employes assure themselves of a fair
shake every time.
•
A Life Well Spent
Recently death called Miss Zara Dupont at the age of seventy-seven.
Although born into the fabulously wealthy DuPont clan, Zara Dupont
went her individual way. All her life she fought for the underdog. She
walked picket lines and threw bombshells into stockholders' meetings by
demanding that decent wages be paid workers. Years ago she told the
industrialists of the nation "If we don't give labor a square deal, we'll
have Fascism." Zara DuPont lived by that creed and she died by it;
and we suspect that few people who pass in our time will face the Great
Recorder with cleaner hands or more confident heart than Zara DuPont.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Qbnebal Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Fikst General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Secretary
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind,
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
103481 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif,
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
3684 W. 136th St., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
1182 St. Lawrence, Rm. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
INFORMATION REGARDING SERVICE MEN
When making inquiries regarding members or prospective members who have
served in the armed forces, it is imperative to set forth in your letter the date of
induction and, particularly, date of discharge, or attach copy of discharge papers.
This will avoid unnecessary correspondence and result in an early reply from the
General Office. We also call your attention to a G. E. B. ruling that states:
"The question of men in the Service of the United States or
Canada over the age limit of apprentices, or those who have not
completed their apprenticeship before entering the Service, was care-
fully considered, after which it was decided that these men on pres-
entation of an Honorable Discharge be admitted to the Brotherhood
as apprentices without the payment of an Initiation Fee subject to
the acceptance by the Local Union of their applications."
NEW CHARTERS ISSUED
2182
Waycross, Ga.
2193
2985
DeRidder, La.
2195
2185
Goshen, Ind.
2200
2187
LaHave, N. S., Can.
2501
2989
Idanha, Ore.
2204
2994
Grant, N. Mex.
2209
2188
Columbia, Miss.
2210
Norwich, N. Y.
Livingston, Tex.
San Diego, Calif.
Benton, Ark.
Madras, Ore.
Windsor, Ont., Can.
Cadillac, Mich.
fin fflltm&tinm
Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
t&t in T&t&tt
The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.
Brother JAMES AYERS, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio
Brother FREDERICK BARKER, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.
Brother C. W. BRADY, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother MARTIN CERMEK, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.
Brother C. C. COOPER, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother VERNOR CURTIS, Local No. 993, Miami, F!a.
Brother HOWARD DAVIS, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother AUGUST FESER, Local No. 122, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother THOMAS J. FIEDLER, Local No. 122, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother GEORGE GAUTHIER, Local No. 2288, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother JOHN GILLIGAN, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother JOHN GREENFIELD, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother J. A. HEATH, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother JOSEPH ISENMAN, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother LEANDER JOHNSON, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother ADOLPH KREUZBERGER, Local No. 488, Bronx, N. Y.
Brother CHARLES LAHTI, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother G. H. LINN, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother ERNEST MATTHIESSEN, Local No. 787, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother ARCHIE D. MILLER, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio.
Brother JOHN MULVEY, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother C. H. NELSON, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother ROBERT P. NUGENT, Local No. 188, Yonkers, N. Y.
Brother SELBY PHILLIPS, Local No. 2280, Mt. Vernon, Ohio
Brother NORMAN S. PLEASANTON, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother GEORGE M. RAU, Local No. 87, St. Paul, Minn.
Brother CHAS. RICHETSKY, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother PHILLIP RIOS, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother PETE RODRIGUEZ, Local No. 2288, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother WALTER ROSS, Sr., Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.
Brother ENGELBERT SCHEIBLAUER, Local, No. 87, St. Paul, Minn.
Brother CHARLES F. SCHNEIDER, Local No. 1472, Rockville, Conn.
Brother EDGAR C. SHAFFER, Local No. 488, Bronx, N. Y.
Brother ALBERT M. SHUPE, Local No. 1622, Hay ward, Cal.
Brother LEONARD M. SLAUGHTER, Local No. 2280, Mt. Vernon, Ohio
Brother ALFRED N. SMITH, Local No. 747, Oswego, N. Y.
Brother WM. STEINHARDT, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother ALF O. STENERSON, Local No. 1622, Hay ward, Cal.
Brother MICHAEL STETZ, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.
Brother MAHLON STUART, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother JAMES E. WATKINS, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother J. M. WHITESELL, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother W. O. WILSON, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
CorrosponcbncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
Pennsylvania State Council Holds Fine Convention
The Editor:
The Pennsylvania State Council of Carpenters held their 28th annual
convention April 1, 2, and 3, 1946, at Philadelphia, Penn.
The three day sessions considered much constructive legislation to
better conditions of Carpenters in Pennsylvania. Particularly we cite
resolutions referring- to consideration of Veterans and elimination of
Federal curtailment on materials for construction of industrial building.
Sessions were highlighted by very constructive addresses from Gov-
ernor Martin of Pennsylvania, General Executive Board Member William
J. Kelly and General Representative O. William Blaier.
The sixty-five delegates in attendance were pleasantly surprised by
dinner and entertainment tendered by the Metropolitan District Council
of Philadelphia.
The following officials were elected to serve for the next year:
Edward W. Finney, President ; Theodore P. O'Keef e, Secretary-Treas-
urer, along with other Vice-Presidents: William F. McNelis, William A.
Kendrick, Henry G. Larsen, Thomas Smith, Daniel McGee, William G.
Grafius, Homer Brown.
The delegates selected Pittsburgh as the next town to hold their con-
vention in 1947.
Fraternally yours,
Theodore P. O'Keefe, Secretary-Treasurer.
e-.
Local No 47 Fittingly Observes 50th Birthday
On Saturday evening February 23, the massive Carpenters Building at
Grand and Easton Avenues, St. Louis, was lit up from basement to roof
as some 2,000 members and guests from all Brotherhood locals in the
Greater St. Louis area helped Local Union No. 47 celebrate the fiftieth
anniversary of its chartering.
The party was unusually successful with refreshments, food, good
dance music and vocalizing by Floerke's union band, entertainment and
dancing until the early hours of Sunday morning being contributing fac-
tors.
The ceremonies began in the large meeting hall on the second floor,
probably the most handsome meeting hall in the city, which was packed to
capacity with a standing audience in the corridors. D. Richard (Dick)
Adams, veteran business agent of the Carpenters District Council, was
master of ceremonies, and the quick-witted, eloquent and humorous Adams
kept the meeting moving at fine speed. He spoke eloquently of the
achievements of Local 47, the successor of Local No. 12, which later con-
solidated with Locals 240 and 45 and then fifty years ago became Local 47,
one of the "big" outside Locals of the Carpenters District Council.
22 THE CARPENTER
Adams carried back the recollections of many of the old-timers from
Local 47 and other Locals of the Council to old days and old struggles
and to the now long-vanished union brothers who contributed their share
to making the Carpenters the powerful force it is today in the local and
national building trades labor movement.
Other speakers were Council Secretary-Treasurer Erwin C. Meinert,
who also dwelt on the progress of Local 47, and International Representa-
tive George Ottens, who spoke in behalf of the International Union
and conveyed the best wishes of International President William L.
Hutcheson.
The final speaker of the evening, who evoked both interest and much
applause was Carl Reiter, a newly discharged veteran, who spoke on
unionism and the veteran.
Among the most interested members attending, who were honored
guests, were three members who had received 50-year membership badges.
They are Emil Schumacher, age 81, who joined the Carpenters on March
31, 1889; William Grueninger, who joined on March 25, 1893, and Louis
Weissmann, who joined on June 20, 1896.
Everyone present had a merry and rollicking time without a single
minor incident to mar the occassion. It was indeed a fitting and success-
ful golden jubilee celebration.
West Coast Pile Drivers Meet
The Pacific Council of Pile Drivers, representing fifteen piledriver
locals on the West Coast, met in Portland, Oregon, on February 16th and
17th, 1946. The Council meets twice a year and its objective is to bring
the piledriver locals closer together and build good working relations
between them. Our goal for the future is to negotiate a coastwise agree-
ment with uniform conditions and wage scale.
The present officers of the PCC of Pile Drivers are: President — Les
Repass, Local 34, San Francisco; Vice-Preseident — Geo. Kaae, Local 2416,
Portland; and Secretary-Treasurer — Jim Daniel, Local 34, San Francisco.
The conference in Portland was devoted mainly to exchange of infor-
mation vital to the Pile Drivers. Among other things discussed were:
Double time for overtime
Railroad work
Wage increases
Divers' schools
Veterans' training
There was a good general discussion on these and other subjects. The
delegates exchanged much information which will be of benefit to the
locals.
The Secretary's office is used as a general information clearing house.
He compiles data pertaining to pile driving and sends out a monthly
work report to all the locals, together with any other items of interest.
We hope now that the war is over and red tape is gradually disappear-
ing, that we can make a new start toward solving some of our problems.
A very nice banquet was given the delegates by the Portland Local.
Brother Frank Fowells was master of ceremonies. Guests speakers were:
THE CARPENTER 23
Brother Gus Anderson of the Portland Central Labor Council; Brother
John O'Neal, Executive Secretary of the Oregon State Building Trades;
Brother Rowley, President of the State Council of Carpenters and Brother
Bert Sleeman, International Representative for the General Office. All
expressed a warm welcome to the delegates and invited them to return
again.
Next conference of the PCC of Pile Drivers will be held in Seattle,
Washington, on the third Saturday and Sunday in August, at which time
we hope to see all locals represented.
Newport, R. I., Marks 60th Birthday
The Editor:
Local Union 176, Newport, R. I., celebrated its 60th Anniversary at a
dinner dance held in Hotel Viking, Wednesday night, April 24, 1946, at
7 :oo o'clock
City and State officials, members and guests from other labor groups
numbering more than 400 in all attended. Mayor Herbert E. Macauley,
Cornelius C. Moore, Chairman of the Representative Council and State
Attorney General John H. Nolan extended their felicitations.
Other guests included William Sullivan, International Representative
of the Carpenters; John Phillips, President of the Laborers Local; Daniel
Cara, President of Teamsters Local 827; C. H. Gilmore, Business Agent
of Teamsters Local 827; and Carl A. S. Anderson, Union President. Al-
bert A. Fournier who was Chairman of the Entertainment Committee in-
troduced George M. Chamberlain, who was toastmaster for the evening.
A feature of the dinner was the presentation of service pins to 30 long-
time members and to 29 members who served in the Armed Service. We
had 200 members in the Armed Service who did not attend the banquet.
Albert A. Fournier, Chairman of the Entertainment Committee was
assisted on the committee by Carl Anderson, William Roberts, Nap
Landry, Jack Biastre, David Duff, James K. Behan, William Duff, James
Proudfoot and Jack Morrow.
Fraternally yours,
Albert A. Fournier, Chairman
»
Red Cross Worker Praises Union Cooperation
Take it from Mrs. Elizabeth Reynal, an ardent Red Cross worker
throughout the war years and still doing her part in that organization,
the unions of the nation are the backbone of the Red Cross and all worthy
humanitarian causes. A member of the New York speakers' bureau of the
Red Cross, Mrs. Reynal gives unstinted praise to the part unions have
always played in raising funds, donating blood and keeping things mov-
ing generally. In a recent newspaper interview she said: "Of all groups,
the unions are the most enthusiastic about the Red Cross, like for instance,
Local No. 246 of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners."
Before the war Mrs. Reynal was a stage and screen star. In 1941 she
joined the Red Cross and played an active part in it throughout the war.
She has naturally had wide experience in dealing with all sorts of groups.
Consequently when she says unions such as Local 246, New York, are
the best to deal with, her words carry weight.
SIP
LOTS OF FANCY THEORIES
The one thing there has been no
shortage of since V-J day is fancy theo-
ries. Washington is full of economists,
analysts, college professors and what
have you. Week by week they have
ground out new rules, regulations and
edicts containing a lot of everything
but common sense. In this connection,
we can't help thinking of the story of
the two college professors who went on
a camping trip with a guide. The guide
took them to a cabin deep in the woods.
Entering the cabin, the two professors
noticed that the stove was mounted on
blocks of wood four feet above the
floor.
"Our guide knows something of dy-
namics," said one professor. "He knows
that heat rises and that by raising the
stove above the floor level he can heat
the cabin more quickly."
"I don't think that was his theory
at all," replied the other. "I'm sure
what he had in mind when he set the
stove up that way was that fresh air
could be circulated more rapidly
through the cabin and in addition he
could dry out large amounts of green
wood by placing it under the stove."
Long and loud they argued, Finally
they decided to ask the guide.
"Heck," said the guide, "you're both
wrong. When I brought that stove up
NO! JAKE, NO!
■■■■ WWII II wi wimw MB—I
the river last summer I lost most of the
pipe overboard; so I had to set her up
that way to make the remaining pipe
reach the roof."
• • •
OFF AGAIN, ON AGAIN, FINNEGAN
The rain was pouring down. Two men
who had a heated difference of opinion
went out into the storm to settle their
argument the primitive way. They
fought for some time. Finally one got
the other down and sprawled on top of
him.
"Will you give up?" he asked the
man under him.
"No," came the belligerent reply.
A few minutes later the question was
repeated. Again the reply was "NO."
"Then," said the first, "will you get
on top for awhile and let me get under.
I'm getting soaked."
Judging from results, that's about the
way some of innumerable agencies in
Washington are behaving in their
scramble to perpetuate themselves.
* • •
THE RISK IS NOT ALL GONE
The shooting is over but the risks of
war are not all gone. Take the case
of an Ohio private who is with the
occupation forces in Germany. Shopping
around in a German city during his off
time, he found a number of postcards
depicting beautiful flowers. He bought
several. After a good deal of cogitation
he decided the inscription at the bottom
of each read "To my Sweetheart, the
fairest flower of them all." So he sent
one to his girl friend back home. Later
he found an English-speaking German
and asked him to translate the inscrip-
tion. To his utter disgust, the German
told him the literal translation was:
"Without fertilizer you cannot get
large blooms."
*.'•.•
LONG TERM ONE, TOO
"When a girl promises to marry a
man as soon as he makes his fortune,"
our old friend Joe Paup observes, "that
ain't no engagement; it's an option."
THE CARPENTER
25
THINGS NOT ALWAYS WHAT THEY
SEEM
There is some agitation for turning
the Geneva headquarters of the now de-
funct League of Nations into a world
university; the theory being that great-
er understanding could be developed
among nations. What a world univer-
sity would do toward developing
greater understanding, we are in no
position to say. However, judging from
the state of world affairs at present, a
little more understanding certainly
wouldn't do any harm.
Only the other day we read an item
that illustrates what diplomats of one
nation are up against when dealing
with another nation. It seems an Amer-
ican diplomat found himself in Italy.
The first thing he did was hire an
Italian clerk. Arriving at a small vil-
lage, he asked the clerk to register at
the hotel for him. The clerk did so.
"By the way," asked the diplomat
when the clerk reported back, "did you
know my name?"
"No, Sir," replied the clerk, "but I
copied it from your briefcase.
The American could not remember
having his name on his briefcase but he
was too tired to investigate any further.
Next morning, however, the matter was
cleared up in a flash. As he came down
the steps, the desk clerk greeted him
with an affable:
"Ah, Good Morning, Signor Warrant-
ed Solid Leather."
• • •
SNAP JUDGMENT
Having just gotten a haircut, a Brit-
ish soldier was returning to camp from
the village when he met his captain
carrying golf clubs.
"If you're returning to camp," said
the captain, "would you mind dropping
off my clubs at the office?"
"Certainly not, sir," replied the sol-
dier. A little nearer camp he met the
colonel.
"Been having a round of golf?" asked
the colonel.
"Oh, no, sir," replied the private,
"I've been having a haircut"
"Fourteen days for insolence!" bawl-
ed the colonel.
And that's about the kind of snap
judgment some people have been using
in reaching conclusions on labor matters
of late.
USE YOUR OWN JUDGMENT
For some time Congress has been en-
deavoring to find out just how much
time and money the NAM has spent
fighting extension of OPA and price
control. At a recent Senate hearing it
was disclosed by NAM witnesses that
the manufacturer's association has al-
ready thrown $395,000 into the fight.
Whether this tells the whole story or
not, we can't say.
What it reminds us of is the medicine
man who was selling an elixir of youth.
"Drink this medicine every day and
you will live forever," he told his
audience. "Look at me, I'm over 300
years old right now."
"Is he really that old?" one of the
audience asked of an assistant.
"I don't know," replied the assistant,
"I've only worked for him 175 years.
THAT'S US ALL OVER
After an examination was over in a
mountain school, the teacher asked each
pupil to write a pledge on his paper
swearing that he had neither received
nor given help.
One gangling youth who sweated out
the examination in sheer agony wrote
the following:
"I ain't received no help in this
matter; and the Lord knows I couldn't
have gave any."
And that's about the way it is with
us when it comes to understanding
what goes on in the world today.
Heard you've been out since long be-
fore V-J Day — What'd they discharge
you for?
Rockford Ladies Very Active
The Editor:
Greetings to all sister auxiliaries from the ladies of Auxiliary No. 280,
Rockford, Illinois.
We are looking forward to seeing many of you at the Illinois State
Federation of Labor Convention being held the third week of September
in our beautiful city.
Already plans are under way to entertain the many carpenters and
their wives, sisters and daughters who may accompany them.
We are a very active organization, having had numerous suppers and
parties during the war for the lads in the service. Only recently, we
entertained for the lads in the hospital at Camp Grant. We brought gifts
and refreshments and the evening was spent in playing "bunco" and cards.
Lads having birthdays in March were given a gift. A door prize was
awarded to the one having the lucky number. We had a very good singer
and pianist and it is hard to say whether the lads or the ladies of the aux-
iliary enjoyed the evening more.
During the war, we sent packages to our girls and boys in the service.
We received many interesting letters from them telling us how much
packages meant to them.
We do our bit for the Red Cross and helped to the best of our ability
during our terrible "polio" epidemic last year.
We have a Label and a Legislative committee. Both are very active.
Senators and representatives are contacted for any measure or law for
the betterment of labor.
We have a sick committee and if a member is ill or in need, we help
out and no one is ever overlooked.
Money is raised by holding "bingo" games, rummage sales and white
elephant sales.
There is a Christmas party, an anniversary dinner and a yearly picnic
looked forward to eagerly by all of us.
We have a fine meeting room, a dining-room and modern kitchen
available for our use. For these, we thank our men, the Carpenters and
Joiners of Local 792. Our Labor Temple is located at 212 So. First Street
and here all union crafts meet..
Hoping to meet many of you and to hear from our sister auxiliaries,
we are,
Fraternally yours,
Mrs. Eugene Ostrom, Rec. Sec.
THE CARPENTER 27
Joplin Ladies Push Union Label
The Editor:
We, Ladies' Auxiliary No. 446 of Joplin, Missouri, wish to make our-
selves known to other Auxiliaries. We have been organized only a short
time; however, we think we are doing some useful and helpful work.
As our main objective we have undertaken the project of visiting all
of the merchants in Joplin to obtain a list of their merchandise carrying
the Union label. Also those articles that are made in Union houses but
do not carry the label. These lists are to be compiled into book form
form and presented to all members of the Local Unions in Joplin. The
expenses of having this book published are being defrayed by the dona-
tion of money from any Local that wishes to help. Our part is to obtain
this list. We have had wonderful cooperation from Joplin business
houses in this effort.
We also have had several entertainments for husbands, the latest
being a carnival in honor of St. Patrick's day. Among other events we
had a Country Store, Fish Pond; Fortune Teller, Freak Side Show, Card
Tables and Bingo. Again the merchants of Joplin cooperated by donating
gifts for prizes and merchandise for the Country Store. There were
about 75 persons in attendance.
Our President, Mrs. A. G. Lenger, extended an invitation to all present
to attend our meeting as well as helping in our work.
We hope to continue to be an organization that not only sees that our
husbands have a good time but an organization that is helpful in impressing
the value of asking and demanding the Union Label in all merchandise
we buy.
Fraternally yours,
Mrs. J. W. Macke, Rec. Sec,
915 Maiden Lane.
Washington State Council Holds Convention
The convention of the Washington State Council of Ladies Auxiliaries
of Carpenters and Joiners of America met in Aberdeen, Washington, April
4, 5, and 6th. There were 22 delegates from Bremerton, Aberdeen, Van-
couver, Yakima, Grand Coulee, Mt. Vernon, Olympia, Pasco, Longview,
Kelso and Camas. With the help of the carpenters they had a very success-
ful convention. The new state officers for the ensuing year are Gladys
Wurman, Camas No. 374, President; Dorris Moloso, Pasco No. 427, Vice
President; Stella Weick, Yakima No. 309, Secretary; Lee Wolf, Grand
Coulee No. 414, Treasurer; Anna Smith, Olympia No. 149, Margaret
Clausen, Bremerton No. 283, and Vera Boji, Vancouver No. 292, are Trus-
tees. Olympia installed the new officers with Phil Rider acting as install-
ing officer.
Craft Probloms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 213
The way a plane is held while it is in
use is important, but to lay down a
hard and fast rule on this point is going
just a little too far. Here is a good
rule: A grip that will give the workman
control of the plane, which at the same
time reduces false motions to a mini-
mum and keeps efficiency at a maximum
level, is the fundamental basis for hold-
ing a plane. If this rule is followed,
there will be no uniformity in the way
planes are held by mechanics, but there
will be similarity with some exceptions.
This simply means that it is up to the
individual mechanic to find the solution
to this problem that will give him the
most effective results. In doing this he
will observe other mechanics, ask ques-
tions about it, give every finding a fair
trial and every suggestion proper con-
sideration. In the end, though, his de-
cision must be made on the basis of
what will solve his own problems and
fulfill his needs along the lines of effi-
ciency and service. What has just been
said about holding planes, will apply, in
most instances, to other tools.
The first thing that must be learned
about planing is to place the material
on the bench or on whatever is used for
holding it, in such a way that the plan-
ing will be done with (not against)
the grain. This is illustrated by Fig. 1,
where we show a piece of board on a
bench in position for jointing. It will
be noticed that the lines that represent
the grain of the wood run somewhat
up and in the direction the planing is
to be done. To the right a symbol of
a plane riding an arrow is shown —
the arrow indicates the direction of the
planing. Care must be taken that the
planing, including the starting and the
ending, will be done in a perfectly
straight line.
Fig. 2 shows the same board on the
uma
Fig. 2
same bench, but the curved arrows in-
dicate that the starting is done with
the plane on an upward incline and then
gradually into a straight line. But when
the plane reaches the end of' the board,
it starts to make a downward curve, as
the arrow under it indicates. What we
are showing here, of course, is exagger-
ated in order to make clear the point.
In starting to plane the edge of a board
(or the surface, for that matter) hold
the point of the plane firmly against
the edge — then, as you proceed, keep
the plane against the board, and when
you reach the end, hold the heel of
the plane down firmly until the shaving
is cut to the end. This must be prac-
Fig. 3
ticed liberally until it becomes habitual.
After that an occasional checking up
will soon solve this problem perma-
nently.
Fig. 3 shows a board with an exag-
gerated wavy edge in position on a
bench for jointing. To the right we
show a symbol of a jointer. The lines
shading the high places indicate the
shaving cuts that the plane will make
THE CARPENTER
29
as the jointing proceeds. Every time
the jointer is run over the edge of the
board,, it cuts off a shaving from each
high place. This is kept up until the
plane cuts a uniform shaving the full
Fig. 4
length of the board. The old heads
used to tell us, "When you get a full-
sized shaving as long as the board you
are jointing, the edge of that board will
be straight."
A problem that every carpenter must
solve early in his career, is illustrated
by Fig. 4. Here the grain of the wood
runs in one direction up to the center,
where it changes and runs in the other
direction. The problem is solved by
planing to the center and then lifting
the plane suddenly as the upward curv-
ing arrows indicate. The planing is done
from both ends to the point where the
run of the grain changes. The plane
should be set so it will cut a very thin
H. H. SSEGELE'S BOOKS
BUILDING.— This book has 210 pages and 495
Illustrations, covering form building, scaffolding, finish-
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and other subjects. Price $2.50.
CARPENTRY,— Has over 300 pages, more than 750
illustrations, covering carpentry from staking out to
fitting and hanging doors. Price. $2.50.
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— This book covers hun-
dreds of practical building problems, has 252 pages and
670 illustrations. Price $2.50. (Carpentry, Building
and Quick Construction support each other.)
PUSHING BUTTONS.— The prose companion of
Twigs of Thought. illustrated. Cloth. Only $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT,— Poetry, 64 pages, brown
cloth binding and two-color title page. Only $1.00.
Postage prepaid when money accompanies the order.
Order
today.
Hi-3 CECTFI E" 222 So. Const. St.
. M. <btl-t Emporia, Kansas
FREE. — With 2 books. Pushing Buttons free; with
3 books, Twigs of Thought and Pushing Buttons free.
Books autographed.
the right we have an end view, showing
with symbols of hands how the material
is held with the right hand, and the
trysquare is applied with the left hand.
To the left we have a side view. The
arrows indicate the direction the try-
square is moved. From the right end,
marked C, up to point A, the edge
bevels toward the handle of the try-
square. At point A the edge is square,
but it begins gradually to bevel in the
opposite direction up to point B. The
full line on the upper edge of the end
view gives the bevel at the point where
Fig. 5
shaving. Plane marks will probably
show at the center where the stopping
is done. These should be scraped out
as illustrated by Fig. 5.
Fig. 6 shows how to try the edge of a
timber to see whether it is square. To
Fig. 6
the square is applied, while the dotted
line gives the bevel at point B. Com-
pare and study the two views.
Fig. 7 shows a plane used as a
straightedge for testing the surface of
a board for humps or hollows. The
plane is tilted enough so that the corner
lipii
v
e of Carpenters
One of Ohlen-Bishop's most popular mod-
els, this hand saw has sturdy, wide blade,
bevel filed teeth, four gauge taper ground
for smooth, easy cutting. Ask your dealer.
OHLEN-BISHOP MFG. COMPANY
30
THE CARPENTER
will make the test. In this case the
board is badly warped — or, Ave might
say, exaggerated. If the board shown
were turned over and the plane were
applied, the test would show just the
opposite from what is shown by the
drawing.
would dull the plane bit, rather than
sharpen it. We are illustrating this by
Fig. 8, where the plane to the right, as
the arrow indicates, is in position for
cutting a shaving in the direction of the
arrow, while the plane to the left has
the heel lifted for the return trip in
Fig. 7
Early in our experience the foreman
put us to jointing boards. After we had
worked awhile, he happened along, and
remarked with a grin, "I notice you
sharpen your plane on the return trip."
Then he went on to explain that if the
plane is pulled back over the edge of
the board, the heel of the plane should
be lifted, otherwise the return trip
Fig. 8
the direction of the arrow. Some car-
penters lift the plane off the board en-
tirely and carry it back, which is per-
haps the better way to do, especially in
cases of jointing rather long boards.
It would be- a good investment of
time, if the student would go over the
several lessons we have presented in
this series dealing with the various
phases of this subject and review or
check up on them, in order to bring
them together in his mind as more
nearly a single unit.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
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939 W. 6th St., Dept. C-6
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Drafting
Reproduction
Surveying Equipment
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Slide Rulss
Measuring Tapes
THAT OLD CHESTNUT
Recently we were in a group where
a man presented the old chestnut of
sawing an 8x8 block in such a way that
it would gain one square in.cn in sur-
face if placed in a certain position. He
was not trying to fool anybody with it,
because he actually believed that one
square inch was gained; for 8 times 8
equals 64, making 64 square inches,
while 13 times 5, the new position,
equaled 65, making 65 square inches.
But let us debunk the whole thing:
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 shows an 8x8 block marked
for cutting into four pieces, which can
be reassembled in such a manner that
the new position, apparently, produces
a surface having 6 5 square inches in it.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2 shows the 4 pieces reassembled
into the 5x13 position, and anybody
knows that 5 times 13 equals 65 . . .
Here is the debunking proof: If the
reader will examine Fig. 2 closely, he
will find that there is a heavily shaded
diagonal streak that tapers off to a
point at each end. That streak consti-
tutees the alleged one square inch that
was gained in surface by the trick cut-
ting. But if you still are unconvinced,
figure out the area of each of the four
pieces and add up the number of square
inches in them, and you will have the
sum of 64 square inches. . . It's an old
chestnut.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
8 BIG BUILDING BOOKS
FOR
EXAMINATION
SEND NO MONEY
Leam to draw plans, estimate, be a live-wire builder, do
remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 8 practical, pro-
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sign and drawing, estimating, steel square, roof framing,
construction, painting and decorating, heating, air-condi-
tioning, concrete forms and many other subjects are included.
BETTER JOBS - BETTER PAY "™-?£"j
The Postwar building boom Is in full tD I T I O N
swing and trained men are needed. These books are
Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to-
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete
ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub-
handy, permanent reference Information lished on these
lhat helps solve building problems. many subjects.
Coupon Brings Eight Big Books For Examination
\MERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Vocational Publishers since 1898
Dept. GA36 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.
You may ship me the TJp-to-Date edition of your eight
big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges
only, and if fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In any
way unless I keep the books.
Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one business
man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.
iA;
THEY HAVE'
OUR CHART Big 27"x36" blue print chart
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a Radial Saw Chart. Blue print shows
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octagon scale, rafter tables and much
other valuable information. Radial Saw
Chart changes pitches and cuts into de-
grees and minutes. Every carpenter should
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makes about 13 square feet of copy showing
squares full size. Price $1.00 post paid. Check
or Money Order— No Stamps.
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NAME-
i ADDRESS I
| city icfT^Si'ia-is-iErss-^J
Recent survey* proves ihaf for Home Insulat ion
Buyers p
[a] ajj iT
4 1 T« E ■ kvi
P?
How fhis preference can he/p yow . . ,
In a scientific, nation-wide
poll of public opinion, 75%
of those interviewed knew
the name of a manufacturer
of home insulation. 58.6%
said Johns-Manville. 1.5%
said Company "A". 1.0%
said Company "B". 13.9%
was divided among 61
other manufacturers.
YOU build your reputation as a quality
builder when you use Johns-Manville
products. They have consumer confidence.
For instance, for home insulation buyers
prefer Johns-Manville 39 to l!*
The well-known quality of J-M prod-
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ferials
Have
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You can have a good steady, cash
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—PRICE LIST —
Label and Emblem Novelties
Card Cases (Label) $ .10
Key Chains (Label) .15
Fobs (Label and Emblem) . .50
Gavels (Labels) . ... 1.25
Pins (Emblem) 1.00
Buttons (Emblem) 1.00
Cuff Links (Emblem) 1.50
Match Box Holders (Label) .15
Belt Loop and Chain (Label) .75
Pins, Ladies Auxiliary (Em-
blem) 1.75
Auto Radiator Emblems. . . 1.25
In Ordering These Goods Send All Orders
and Make All Remittances Payable to
FRANK DUFFY, Gen. Sec,
Carpenters' Bid., 222 E. Michigan St.
Indianapolis, Ind.
No. 51% - 16 ounce head. Forged, fro^n special ainafysis
steel arid given two heat treatijterits. Beveled igrip claw,s
bite into pail shank. Exclusive "Eviertite'l process preH
shrinks eye end o|, handle, ■ preventing further shrinking.
Smooth, live, young bic^otfy lunette securely ; wedged.
Everything abotft. the Stanley fclb. 51% fits your need
of a good -nail hammer s
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Also made in Jother weights , and ip th* ripping claw
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AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides
14vols.$o
' One stroke with a MallSaw cuts et board easily and
smoothly . . . leaves a square board end .' . .
produces a better fitting member . .. saves hard-
. Jo-get lumber . . , salvages waste lumber for use
/ in concrete form construction . . . facilitates multiple
■ cutting of like members. Perfect balance, easy'
adjustment for bevel cuts, and . blower that keeps
the. cutting line dear of sawdust help maintain , cut-
ting speed. Interchangeable blades and abrasives
discs moke the MallSow adaptable to p wide Vari-
- ety of sawing jobs, including cuffing noriferr-ous
metals, cutting and scoring file, stone and concrete,
I Electric and Pneumatic MolHSaws are available.
4fk your Dealer or Wrfte for Uterttturo off ' '"
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MALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago Ave., Chicago, 19, III.
25 years of "Bitter Toots for Bettor Work",
Inside Trade information Otu
tnniti* Trad* Information
lot Carpenters. Builders. Join-
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All Woodworkers. These
Guidefe give you the flborc-riul
, Instruction* that^ou want—
tncludins newiinethode. ideas.
eoliiUoha. plan*, eystenls and
money aavine/suggestione. Ao
-easy prowreesive course for tb»
apprentice 6nd etucTent. A -
jjjracticai daily, helper and
Qurck Reference for (he master
3orkef. . . Catpeatera every,
here are using Ineee Guide a
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HoW to use tjje eteel akuare^-How.to file and see
ssws^— How to build lutnlture — Hdw to we »
mitre box-nHqw to use thexhaik liner— How to Use ,
rules and scales^-How to make. joints^-Carpenters
(arithmetic— Solving mensuration proble«rjs— Es-
timating Btrerlgth of tirnberf— How to eetgirdera
and aills— Hawto frame\|iouse9 and roofs — How to
estimate co*ts-+-How. to build houses, barns, gar-
ages, bungalows. et«.— How "vtb read and draw'
plans— Drawing. , up specifications— Hqjv to ex,--
cavate— How to Use settings 12. 13 and 17 on too_
Bteel square— How to build hoists and scaffolds—
BkylighW^How to .build stair? — How to put on
interior trim — How to hang doora— iHow-to fatn--
Wy floors — How to paint _
THE©. AVOEJL & CO., 49 W. 2Jrd St., Kew York City
Mail Audets Carpenters on'd, Builders-Guide... ^>ol».. onj days' free trial. If O-JC.
will remit SI iaf daya, and $1 monthly liDtil JS is paid. Otherwise 1 will retire, Ibas-
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CAR
• . . and PERFORMANCE!
Ideal for the thousands of new small homes v/hich America will build is
The "OVERHEAD DOOR" with the Miracle Wedge. Garage doorjs must be carefully chosen
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4RPENT
O/ficia/ Publication ol
HERHOOD o/ CARPENTERS
L
what to do
if polio strikes
If infantile paralysis (polimyelitis) breaks out
in your community, follow these suggestions.
Aovid new contacts. Try not to mingle
with crowds unncessarily. (Schools and
other gathering places, however, may re-
main open.)
Watch these symptoms. Headache, un-
explained fever, cold, even upset stom-
ach may be the first symptoms of infan-
tile paralysis.
Call your doctor immediately if any of
these symptoms appear. Expert medical
care may help prevent crippling.
Remember. Carry on your normal ac-
tivities. Infantile paralysis cannot be
prevented but few of those stricken de-
velop serious illnes and, with good care,
the majority will make a satisfactory
recovery.
Don't worry about expense. If polio
strikes, get in touch with the Chapter
of the National Foundation for Infantile
Paralysis close to your home.
Quick Action Often Prevents Crippling
June through September is the danger period
when these simple rules should be followed.
Don't get overtired. Extreme fatigue
makes you an easier victim.
Avoid chills. Don't stay too long in cold
water.
Keep clean. Wash hands before eating.
Keep flies and other insects away from
food.
Help keep your community clean. Waste
and exposed garbage may be sources of
infection.
Don't swim in polluted waters.
Avoid removal of tonsils or adenoids
prior to and during polio epidemic sea-
son.
There is no know cure for infantile
paralysis. Good medical care will pre-
vent or correct some deformities. But
in every fourth or fifth case there
'Will be permanent paralysis that can-
not be overcome. Do not believe those
who for one reason or another promise
to cure these cases. Be guided by sound
medical advice.
Your doctor, your health officer and
ybur county Chapter of the National
Foundation for Infantile Paralysis will
do everything in their power to see to
it that your community is ready to meet
an epidemic. Year-round services pro-
vided by the National Foundation Chap-
ters, in cooperation with local health
authorities include:
Hospitalization, transportation, care
and treatment of polio patients.
Purchase of artificial respirators (iron
lungs), orthopedic appliances and other
special equipment.
Payment of fees, of physicians,
nurses, physical therapists and other
professional personnel.
These Services Are Made Possible Through
Your Contributions to the March of Dimes
When thousands of carpenters were
recently asked, "In your opinion, which
make of handsaw is highest in quality ?",
3 out of 4 said, "Disston handsaws."
Many reasons were given, most of which
add up to these: finer steel, longer life,
better service. To quote a few—
"Disston saws are tempered just
right for filing and setting"
"Three of my Disston saws are over
40 years old"
"The Disston saw has a perfect
balance and the handles are made to
fit the hand"
In the extensive Disston line there are
saws for every purpose. Specially
popular among carpenters is the
Disston D-8.
'AWVVVWMA^WVVVVVWvVvViM
DISSTON D-8
The original Skew-back Hand Saw
Medium weight. Made of the famous Disston Steel,
specially tempered and hardened for faster cutting
and to stay sharp longer. Cross-cut saws are
made in 20-inch, 10 points; 22-inch, 8 and 10
points; 24-inch, 8 and 10 points; 26-inch, 7, 8,
10 and 11 points. Rip saws, 26-inch, 5x/i points.
Ask your hardware retailer
for a FREE copy of the
Disston Saw, Tool and File
Manual, or write to us direct
The saw most Carpenters use
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Established in 1881
Vol. LXVI— No. 7
INDIANAPOLIS, JULY, 1946
One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy
Con tents
There Ought to be a Law
A script you will never hear on your favorite radio station, but one that hits the nail
on the head nevertheless. You can hear it enacted every day if you will just listen
to peopie; and, as the author points out, the greedier the person talking, the more
vitroiic he is against Eabor.
Labor Must Be Free
10
George Meony tells the Twenty-fifth General Convention that America grew great be-
cause its peoples and institutions were free, and it will continue to remain great only
so long as its peop.es and institutions continue to rema.n free.
Japan's Tools for Peace
14
American occupation forces find Japanese carpenters using tools of the most primitive
soft. The hardest adjustment these Nip carpenters have to make in working for Ameri-
cans is uj.ng nails— something tney haven't see since the War Lords dedicated the nation's
metals to the war machine.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS:
Plane Gossip
Editorials -
Official
In Memoriain
Correspondence
Craft Problems -
Index to Advertisers
12
16
18
23
24
26
31
Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremeiy tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
The Master STREAM-
11NI steel tape rule is
versatile as it is accurate
and that's unsurpassed.
Nt can be used as a height gauge,
caliper, or scriber, in addition to its
use for standard bench measure
and direct reading inside measure.
The extra long tip keeps blade from
slipping, lever brake holds reading
indefinitely. Graduations on both
sides of tape — and all tapes are
easily replaced.
Get yours at
your local Hard-
ware store or
building supply
dealer, or use the
coupon.
Spore blade 65c each
B'fi: Streamline $2 25 eo
Spare blade 70c each
MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC.
815 E. 136th St., New York 54, N. Y., Dept. M-7
Branch: P.O. Box 1587, Oakland, Cal.
Enclosed find $2.00 for the new 6 ft. "Streamline*
(Spare blade 65$! extra.)
NAME
ADDRESS-
CITY
.STATE.
8 BIG BUILDING BOOKS
■r.w*k,
^ SEND NO MONEY
Learn to draw plana, estimate, be a live-wire builder, da
remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 8 practical, pro-
fusely Illustrated books cover subjects that will help you
to get more work and make more money. Architectural de-
sign and drawing, estimating, steel square, roof framing,
construction, painting and decorating, heating, air-condi-
tioning, concrete forms and many other subjects are included
BETTER JOBS -- BETTER PAY SWK
The Postwar building boom is In full ED ITION
swing and trained men are needed. These books are
Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to-
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete
ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub-
handy, permanent reference Information Ushed on these
that helps solve building problems. many subjects.
Coupon Brings Eight Big Books For Examination
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Vocational Publishers since 1898
Dept. GB36 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.
You may ship me the TJp-to-Date edition of your eight
big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges
only, and If fully satisfied In ten days, I will send you
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 is paid. I am not obligated In any
way unless I keep the books.
Name
Addresa
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one business
man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.
NO MATTER how fine the cover— it's the "inside story"
that decides the quality of a book.
It's what's inside that makes the big difference in
performance of a fine building product, too.
Take the long, tough fibres in the core of Celotex cane
fibre building products, for example. These closely-
woven fibres imprison millions of tiny air cells — create
the ideal insulating qualities of Celotex board.
Examined under a magnifying glass, the serrations or
hooks on each fibre can actually be seen. These inter-
locking hooks — more like bamboo than any other
domestic fibre — give Celotex products their superior
structural strength and durability.
All Celotex insulation board products are specially
processed to make them water resistant— and treated by
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THERE OUGHT TO BE A LAW
You'll never hear this script over your favorite radio station, out if you'll keep your
ears open in a swanky club or a grocery store or a farming community or a Pullman
car you'll hear it enacted a million times a day in real life. And, if you'll notice,
the greedier an individual that is doing the talking, the more vitriolic he is against
unions, which, in the final analysis, are waging a losing battle to maintam for their
members some semblance of a decent living standard in a price economy gone wild. —
Peter E. Terzick, Asst. Editor.
SOUND:
1st MANUFACTURER:
2nd MANUFACTURER:
1st MANUFACTURER:
2nd MANUFACTURER:
1st MANUFACTURER:
2nd MANUFACTURER:
1st MANUFACTURER:
2nd MANUFACTURER:
1st MANUFACTURER:
2nd MANUFACTURER:
1st MANUFACTURER:
2nd MANUFACTURER:
SOUND OF 2 MEN EATING LUNCH IN A PLUSH DIN-
ING ROOM. SUBDUED: BACKGROUND NOISES OF
CHINA AND CRYSTAL BEING HANDLED DEFTLY
BY SKILLED WAITERS.
(BURPS) That's what I call a good lunch, Henry.
Yeah. It was pretty good all right. I think the food at
the Club here is getting better again.
It's about time. Those steaks they fed us during the
war were pretty lousy. I was getting about ready to
resign.
Yeah, so was I. But I guess they had their troubles.
You know how the Black Market is . . . you can't depend
on anything you get.
I guess so. But I'm sure glad it's getting better.
Me, too. Say, I hear the Club employes are trying to
organize.
Yeah, I heard it too. What the Hell are those unions
going to do next? One of the reasons I liked to belong
here was that I could come here once in awhile and
relax and get away from those blankety-blank union
guys.
Same here. Maybe we better tell the Club manager
he can count on our resignations if he gets this place
messed up with a union.
Say, that sounds like a good idea. Let's do it right
after we finish.
Okay. Don't let me forget. By the way, how are you
making out with the union at your plant?
(EXCITEDLY) How am I making out? How am I mak-
ing out? You know how I'm making out. I don't know
what those guys are thinking about. You know, Henry,
those so-and-so's are talking about strike again? They
already got 14c an hour since 1941 but they still aren't
satisfied. They want more. They want 10c an hour
more. I tell you we got to have a law. They're plain
greedy. They'll ruin this country. We got to have a
law and we got to have it quick.
That's what I say. My men are talking strike too.
It's nothing but greed, that's what it is. We got to have
a law . . . Say, how are you fixed in case they do strike?
THE CARPENTER
1st MANUFACTURER:
2nd MANUFACTURER:
1st MANUFACTURER:
2nd MANUFACTURER:
1st MANUFACTURER:
SOUND:
1st CUSTOMER:
2nd CUSTOMER:
1st CUSTOMER:
2nd CUSTOMER:
1st CUSTOMER:
2nd CUSTOMER:
1st CUSTOMER:
2nd CUSTOMER:
1st CUSTOMER:
2nd CUSTOMER:
1st CUSTOMER:
2nd CUSTOMER:
1st CUSTOMER:
2nd CUSTOMER
1st CUSTOMER:
Oh, I'm sitting Okay. You know I haven't been selling
anything for 6 months. I've got most of her all stacked
up in the warehouses waiting for that blasted OPA to
loosen up or go out of existence.
Yeah, ,me too. I haven't filled a real order since De-
cember. I'm not working on any 23% margin . . .
Me either. It looks like the public is getting hot under
the collar. I think OPA will have to give us another
20% price boost if we just hold out a little longer.
I certainly hope so. At the same time if we can get a
law knocking the unions in the head this country is
going to get somewhere.
That's the way I look at it. We've got to get these
greedy unions put in their place. We got to have a law.
That's what we need — a law . . . (FADE)
FADE IN SOUND OF BUSY GROCERY STORE. . .CASH
REGISTERS CLICKING, MERCHANDISE BEING
MOVED, ETC.
Why, Myra, dear! It's so good to see you.
Hello, Madge. Why I haven't see you in ages, dear.
How are you?
Splendid, dear, splendid.
How is Mr. Wells . . . and dear, dear Junior?
They're both fine, but Mr. Wells is terribly busy with
his law practice.
That's the way it is with Dick, too. You know how short
the country has been of doctors. Dick is just on the go
night and day.
The poor dear . . . My isn't this shopping frightful?
Terrible! And the prices! They're simply outrageous.
It's those unions. It's those greedy workers. They're
never satisfied. They're always after more money.
You're absolutely right, dear. It's ghastly. There really
ought to be a law.
There certainly should be. I can't imagine why the
President or Congress or somebody doesn't do something
about it.
Really, it's simply scandalous . . . Oh, by the way, we're
moving soon.
You are? Where are you going?
We're moving back to our old house on 10th Street. A
man who just moved to town was desperate for a house.
My dear, he practically insisted on buying our new
house. We asked $18,000 and he finally had to take
it. And it only cost us $7,200 you know.
WONDERFUL! Simply wonderful! When are you mov-
ing?
That's the trouble. I don't know. You see, we rented our
old house to a veteran and his wife. Now we're having
a hard time getting them out. But it seems they have
a baby now and we can evict them on account of that
or something. It's all terribly legal or something but
Hayward is taking care of it. He's practically fraternity
brothers with all the judges you know.
THE CARPENTER
2nd CUSTOMER:
1st CUSTOMER:
2nd CUSTOMER:
1st CUSTOMER:
SOUND:
1st FARMER:
2nd FARMER
1st FARMER
2nd FARMER
1st FARMER
2nd FARMER:
1st FARMER:
2nd FARMER:
1st FARMER:
2nd FARMER:
1st FARMER:
2nd FARMER:
1st FARMER:
2nd FARMER:
1st FARMER:
2nd FARMER:
1st FARMER:
Isn't it all just too thrilling ?
Yes, isn't it. We simply hate to wait. I do hope Hayward
gets matters settled in a hurry. Well, I'm afraid I must
get on with my shopping. Don't you just hate shop-
ping nowadays? These prices! I tell you, Myra, those
greedy unions have to b'e stopped somehow. There ought
to be a law.
You're absolutely right. There ought to be. It's a
scandal, that's what it is.
That's what Mr. Wells says. There ought to be a law to
stop those greedy workers. Well, good bye, dear, that's
what we need, a law . . . (FADE)
FADE IN SOUND OF AUTOMOBILE RUNNING.
Say, this is awful nice of you to drive me into town,
Hank. My car is supposed to be ready today.
That's all right, Frank, I had to go into town anyway.
Well, I sure appreciate it.
Think nothing of it. I know you'd do the same for me.
I certainly would. By the way, how's your wheat
coming.
Pretty good. Another good rain before the end of the
month ought to put it in fine shape. How's yours doing?
Mine looks good, too. I think it's going to be a pretty
good year, especially if Congress does something about
this labor situation.
Say, isn't it a crime the way these unions are running
hog wild? The workers never seem to be satisfied.
Ain't it the truth! Do you know what they are charg-
ing me to have my car fixed? Seventy-eight dollars. All
they're doing is changing the rings and putting in a
new set of wiring.
It's a rotten shame, that's what it is. There ought to be
a law stopping these crazy unions.
That's what I think. Say, Hank, have you sold all your
last year's wheat yet?
Not by a jugful, Frank. I still got most of her yet. The
way I figger, she's got to go up to $2 before long. You
know they got to send lots of it to Europe to keep them
people from starving. Besides the mills are running low
on their supply. My boy Reed writes me from the city
that you can't hardly buy a loaf of bread in the stores
any more, the flour shortage is getting that bad. I figger
if I hold on to mine she'll hit $2 in a couple of weeks
after the people get hungry enough to put the heat on
OPA.
Me too, Hank. I got all mine yet. She looks like $2 in a
little while if we hang on.
It sure does.
Say, let me off at the next corner. I think while I'm
in town I'll drop a line to my Congressman telling him
there ought to be a law to stop them greedy unions.
Say, that's a good idea. I think I'll write a letter too.
We got to stop them greedy union people or they'll
wreck the country. Don't forget to tell him there ought
to be a law.
Don't worry, I'll tell him. I'll tell him there ought to be
a law stopping them greedy workers . . . (FADE)
THE CARPENTER
SOUND: FADE IN SOUND OF VEGETABLE CRATES BEING
OPENED WITH HAMMER.
1st PARTNER: Say, Mac, I got two crates a' fresh pineapples. What
d'ya say we make a display of 'em right here in front?
2nd PARTNER: Okay, John, whatever ya' say. I been yer partner in this
fruit stand 10 years and ya' ain't guessed wrong yet.
1st PARTNER: Thanks, Pal. Yer gettin' to be a first class vegetable man
yerself.
2nd PARTNER; Gee, thanks.
1st PARTNER: Okay, Pal. Keep it up. Say, Mac, I purt near didn't get
no stuff today. They's some kind a' trouble down to
produce row. Seems like some unions is tryin' to step
in or somethin'.
2nd PARTNER: Ya' don't say.
1st PARTNER: Yeah. They was lots of runnin' around and arguin'. I
just got my stuff on the truck and beat it.
2nd PARTNER: Ya' think they might be a strike?
1st PARTNER: Ya' can't never tell. Them cockeyed unions been run-
nin' wild.
2nd PARTNER: Ain't they? Seems like them guys ain't never satisfied.
I tell ya', John, it looks to me like there should ought
to be a law puttin' the slug on them guys.
1st PARTNER You said it, Pal. Them workers is goin' nuts. Never
satisfied. Always tryin' to get more. There should ought
to be a law . . . Say, Mac. I notice ya' been puttin' ten-
twelve spears a' asparagus to the bunch. That was Okay
before the war but we got to cut her down now. Seven
or eight is plenty now.
2nd PARTNER: I thought them OPA guys might . . .
1st PARTNER: Forget them guys, Pal. We gotta think about ourselves.
And another thing ... I ain't criticism' mind ya' . . . but
ya' been trimmin' the cabbage some. We shouldn't ought
to trim it any more. Ya know we sell it by the pound.
And wet 'er down plenty every mornin'. Water's heavy
and don't cost nothin'.
2nd PARTNER: Okay, John I'll remember from now on.
1st PARTNER: I don't want you should get mad, 'cause all I'm tryin'
to do is help ya', but I notice yesterday ya' threw away
a couple a' bad tomatoes like we use ta'. We don't hafta'
do that no more. Put 'em in the bottom of the bag.
Them customers can't quit us now.
2nd PARTNER: Okay, John. I appreciate ya' showin' me the ropes like
ya' been.
1st PARTNER: Swell, Pal. Now like I was savin' about them unions.
Them guys is goin' nuts . . . always tryin' to get more
and more. They ain't never satisfied. I tell ya', Pal,
there should ought to be a law.
2nd PARTNER: Yeah, yeah.
1st PARTNER: Them guys is just greedy. I don't see why that there
President Truman don't put his foot down.
2nd PARTNER: Yeah, yeah.
1st PARTNER: That's the kind of stuff that'll wreck the country. There
should ought to be a law. That's what I say . . . (FADE)
(From here on you can imagine your own scenes)
THE CARPENTER
TO MEMBERS
*-¥■
DELEGATE JOHN J. HARTNETT, L. U. 626, AVilming-
ton, Delaware: Mr. President and delegates, I make a mo-
tion that the delegates of the Twenty-Fifth Convention of
the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of
America rise and stand in silence for one minute in respect
and honor of the members of United Brotherhood of Car-
penters and Joiners of America who gave their lives in de-
fending the principles for which our flag stands — -freedom.
That a separate page of the proceedings of this con-
vention be set aside in honor of all the members who served
in defending our Flag in all parts of the world.
That a copy of this motion be printed in the Carpenters'
Journal, to show that we have not forgotten them.
(Adopted by unanimous rising vote, the delegates stand-
ing in silent tribute for one minute, in accordance with the
motion).
10
Labor Must Be Free
(Excerpts from the remarks of George Meany, AFL Sec'y-Treas., before the Twenty-fifth
General Convention at Lakeland, Fta. )
A SHORT TIME after your last convention was held our country was
plunged into a war, and for the first time perhaps in the history of
the American labor movement we came face to face with Govern-
ment control. During all the years of our history one of the guiding prin-
ciples that motivated the actions of the American Federation of Labor
was its adherence to the idea of free labor. Every fight that we had back
in the early days, whether it was with the employer, whether it was with
the deputy sheriffs, whether it was with the Legislature of the State or
Washington, D. C. had for its idea the maintenance of labor's freedom.
We felt then and we feel now that to be successful, to really contribute
to the welfare of workers in a democracy, labor must be free. It must be
free to negotiate its contracts, it
must be free to form its Unions, it
must be free to write the conditions
under which it will or will not work,
and it must be free not to work if
those conditions are not satisfac-
tory.
However, in December of 1941,
not more than six days after the at-
tack by the Japanese on Pearl
Harbor had plunged our nation into
war, President Green called a con-
ference of the International Officers
of the American Federation of La-
bor and at that conference the rep-
resentatives of these International
Unions for the first time in the his-
tory of the American Federation of
Labor agreed that in the interests
of our country as a whole, in the
interests, the greater interests, if
you please, than that of our labor
movement, we would submit to a
measure of Government control.
No, we did not say so, in so many
words, but what we did say is this,
we said that we will lay aside for
the duration of the war our strike
clause.
Of course we hear people say,
well, that record was not kept 100
per cent. Well, that is true. After
all, it was a pledge made by human
beings to other human beings.
There was nothing divine about it,
therefore there was nothing perfect
about it. But I do submit this, that
in comparison to the record made
during the war by other human ele-
ments in the Government and in his-
tory, the record of labor during the
war stands out. The record shows
that insofar as keeping its no-strike
pledge was concerned labor was 99!
per cent perfect. That is the official
record; less than one-half of one
per cent of working days were lost
during the war due to industrial dis-
putes and matters stemming from
industrial disputes.
Well, we had some price control.
We had some rationing. We had
many other measures set out as a
part of the war effort. Is there any-
one here who can say that price con-
trol was 99^ per cent effective? Is
there anvone willing: to sav that
THE CARPENTER
11
rationing was effective to the ex-
tent of 991 per cent?
But during this time labor had to
contend with many headaches. We
had the War Labor Board, estab-
lished by agreement between the
Government, management and labor,
and that agreement set forth in very
simple language that instead of
strikes, instead of lockouts, instead
of industrial conflict, all disputes
would be settled by a tripartite War
Labor Board composed equally of
representatives of the public, of
management and of labor. That
agreement was made in 1941. It was
violated in 1943 by the Government
stepping in and taking from that tri-
partite Board the power to set
wages, the power to settle wage dis-
putes and that power was given to
an Economic Stabilization Director.
And so we found that despite our
agreement with the Government we
did not get what we agreed we were
going to get.
America has become the greatest
nation on earth by virtue of the fact
that it has had a free economy, that
it has had a free labor movement,
and when I say it is the greatest
nation on earth I am not thinking
of its roads, I am not thinking of
its tall buildings, I am thinking of
its people. America is the greatest
nation on earth because its people,
the common people of this great na-
tion have the highest standard of
life of any people on earth. And
that was achieved by the activities
of such organizations as yours, such
organizations of the American Fed-
eration of Labor conducting busi-
ness as free men, free to conduct
business, free to work, free not to
work, and if America is going to
maintain that leadership, if America
is going to go forward in the future,
it is going to go forward under that
system, not under the system of Gov-
ernment control, not under a system
by which the Government tells a
man whom you are going to work
for, and how much you are going
to work for and when you are go-
ing to work and when you are not
going to work. This may not seem
very important, it may seem far-
fetched, but the trend is in that di-
rection. The trend in Washington
is in that direction.
But here this morning this is a
thought that I wish you will give
consideration to, not only in this
convention but in your daily lives,
in your work, in your home cities;
give thought to the fact that what
made America great is a free econ-
omy, and let's see to it that we do
our part to see that labor is free
completely and absolutely to do its
business as it has done it in the past,
so that it may again contribute to
the welfare of this great nation by
making the lives of its people a
little better and better as the days
go on.
I say that the American Federa-
tion of Labor is going to follow this
philosophy. It is going to hew to
the line, to set its face forward and
let everyone know that Ave are not
a political organization, that we are
an economic organization, that we
are concerned with the welfare of
our members, that we want to build
up the standards of work and life
for our people and their families.
And I am sure when we do this,
when we move forward in that di-
rection, there is one real, old-fash-
ioned trade union organization and
one real old-fashioned trade union-
ist that is going to be on the side
of the American Federation of La-
bor in that effort, and that organiza-
tion is the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America
under the sterling leadership of
William L. Hutcheson.
THE END IS NOT YET
Well, after a long, hard struggle the
Case Bill has been finally knocked in the
head. It represents a real victory for
labor but not a permanent one. Other
anti-labor bills are still in the hopper.
One by one, labor has managed to
smother these vicious measures as they
came up, but there is always another
one just around the corner. In fact the
situation sort of reminds us of the two
chaps in adjacent foxholes. Shelling
was particularly heavy.
"You scared?" asked one of the G.I.'s
of his neighbor.
"Naw," replied the second, "them
Jerries ain't got no shell with my name
on it."
"Well," replied the first, "I ain't
scared they got any shell with my name
on it. What I'm afraid of is they got
one addressed 'To Whom It May Con-
cern.' "
• * •
A START AT LEAST
Here and there throughout the coun-
try a house is going up now and then.
It's a far cry from the millions that
were going to built almost overnight by
the Washington Big Wigs, but anyway
5^ Precinct
POLICE
STATION
Attention precinct five! Robbers at-
tired as police held up roadhouse! Oet
these men or think up a funny story for
the commissioner I
it's a start. About the only comment we
can make is to tell about the ambitious
young man who was drafted. From the
day he was inducted he worked like a
beaver. In a couple of months he was
promoted to corporal. Writing home to
his wife he said:
"I have my first step in the way of
promotion. I am now a corporal but
don't start highbrowing the neighbors
or move into a big new house yet."
• • •
STILL OUR ONLY
As this is being written the UNO is
entering the critical stage of its exist-
ence. Maybe the UNO isn't perfect but
still we can't imagine any hope of world
peace without it. In this respect maybe
we're a little bit like Patrick Dugan.
Patrick Dugan, illiterate but enter-
prising, obtained a job as sexton, and
was doing quite well in his new position,
until there was a burial in his church-
yard and he was asked to sign the cer-
tificate. Pat admitted reluctantly that
he could not write, and was discharged.
The unemployed man scratched
around and found a few small tinkering
jobs, and then, as the years went by,
he was able to build up a large and
prosperous contracting business. Wealth
and position became his.
One day Pat needed $75,000 for a
new development, and went to the bank
to borrow it.
"You can have the money, Mr.
Dugan," the banker told him. "Just
sign these notes."
"Oi can't write," said Pat.
"Can't write?" exclaimed the banker.
"And yet you have become one of the
most wealthy and influential men in this
community. What would you have been
today if you could write?"
"A sexton making $50 a month," re-
plied the clever Irishman.
* • •
ONE MINUTE EDITORIAL
The test of courage comes when we
are in the minority; the test of toler-
ance comes when we are in the majority.
THE CARPENTER
13
THE B. A.'s DREAM
A man knocked at the Heavenly Gate
His face was scarred and old;
He stood before the man of fate
For admission to the fold.
"What have you done," St. Peter asked
"To gain admission here?"
"I've been a business agent, sir," he
said,
"For many and many a year."
The pearly gates swung open wide,
St. Peter touched the bell —
"Come in and choose your harp," he
said,
"You've had your share of hell!"
• • •
THEY CAN'T SEE FOR LOOKING
Mrs. Thompson was taking her first
driving lesson.
"Henry," she complained to her hus-
band, "that little mirror up there isn't
set right."
"Isn't it?" said Mr. Thompson.
"No," explained Mrs. Thompson; "I
can't see anything but the car behind."
And that's about the way some people
are when it conies to looking at organ-
ized labor; all they can see is the
strikes that break out once in awhile.
Tfiey never see the millions of workers
putting in long hard hours to turn out
the goods we all need. They never see
the risks these men assume in their
daily work or the years they spend in
acquiring their special skills and know-
how.
• • •
HE'S NO ROYALTY
And a man shouldn't get the idea he
is the king of his household just because
his wife crowns him once in awhile.
• • •
ENCOURAGING SIGNS
Millions of words have been written
about our chances (or lack of chances)
of maintaining peace for any consider-
able length of time. To our way of
thinking, George Bernard Shaw has an-
alyzed the situation the most ably. Old
GBS feels that maybe there won't be
another war for a long time. He feels
that way not because he thinks human
nature is improving, but rather because
the atom bomb is so devastating the
next war won't last very long. And if
it doesn't last very long, the war mon-
gers won't be able to make their usual
billions of dollars out of it. And if they
can't make billions out of it they won't
be very interested in promoting it.
To that we think he could have added
that the atom bomb is too dangerous.
No place in the world will be really
safe in the next war. And if the war
mongers have to risk their own necks
they won't be quite so enthusiastic about
war.
• • •
AIN'T SCIENCE WONDERFUL
And just so you won't worry too much
about the atomic bomb, let us describe a
few of the new playthings science is de-
veloping for the next war. First, there
is germ warfare — all nice clean fun. A
nation dumps highly virulent forms of
concentrated germ culture on an enemy
nation and whole populations are wiped
out through epidemics. And if that
doesn't suit your fancy, there are plant
diseases and poisons. These are so po-
tent they can kill a nation's crops and
destroy the fertility of its soil so that
the people starve to death. Of course
if you think that is too barbaric there
is the new atomic gas. By means of
deadly rays it wipes out all animal and
plant life for miles around.
Well, pleasant dreams, folks.
• • •
IT CAN HAPPEN HERE
A news article tells about a Washing-
ton, D. C. girl who went to the corner
grocery for a loaf of bread and came
back with $4,000 she found on the way.
If opponents succeed in their efforts
to wreck OPA entirely and eliminate
the blundering but welcome protection
it gives us, she may need $4,000 when
she goes for a loaf of bread a few
months from now.
/ got it to keep you from growling. He
never ate meat and look what he got
to be I
14
Japan's Tools
By BOB DOWNER
JAPANESE carpenters who have gone to work for the American
government are getting the surprise of their lives as they see Ameri-
can tools for the first time, because Japanese tools, crude at best,
seem primitive compared to American equipment.
Japanese planes, basically, are blades set in blocks of wood. A notch
accommodates the blade, and in the middle of the notch, across the width
of the plane, is an iron or steel rod.
A wedge between the blade and the
rod keeps the blade steady.
The cut of the blade is adjusted
by tapping it with a hammer, and
Of all the tools that a Japanese
carpenter carries in his canvas bag,
the most unusual is the saw. In-
stead of a pistol-grip handle, the
miimMB-A
wmmm&mm
"■>'■■.. ■ :■..''■.:... v ::' •■' :
Nineteen-year-old Japanese carpenter displays the tools he carries with him
in his canvas bag. _The planes (upper left) are usually used with the right hand.
The carpenter holds the stock with his left hand and pulls the plane toward him.
then the wedge is driven as far as
possible to steady the blade.
Few Japanese carpenters have
claw hammers. Most of them use
double-headed hammers and draw
nails with a sort of crowbar.
saws have a straight handle, like
a hammer.
Instead of having teeth on only
one side of the blade, Japanese
saws have teeth on both edges —
sometimes rip on one edge and
THE CARPENTER
15
crosscut on the other. In most cases
the number of points per inch varies
in the teeth of one edge, from fine
teeth at the toe of the blade to
coarse teeth at the heel.
Japanese squares are of thin
metal and very narrow, almost like
American steel tape measures. The
square is marked off according- to
the metric system, but no figures
are on the square.
At the present time there is a
shortage of such squares, and Japa-
because there were no nails to pull.
Industrial experts think that there
will be an improvement in Japanese
tools soon, because scrapped muni-
tions will provide plenty of raw
material, and peacetime machinery
is being returned to manufacturers
through the Japanese Home Minis-
try. They hope that the lessons
Japan learned in making tools of
war will be helpful in making tools
for peace.
The mystery that remains, how-
In making cut for a lap joint, carpenter doesn't even use a vise or bench-hook,
but holds the stock with one hand. Note tool bag near his left hand.
nese carpenters working for Amer-
ican army units sometimes use
American made squares.
The main difficulty that Japanese
carpenters have, according to army
carpenters supervising them, is that
they can't get used to using nails.
With most of Japan's metal being
used for munitions during the war,
carpenters had to use wooden pegs
in almost every case where nails
would ordinarily have been used.
Few claw-hammers were ever made
ever, is how the Japanese with
their primitive, almost aboriginal
tools ever expected to produce
enough war materiel to compete
with American assembly lines and
modern equipment.
By contrast to Japan's primitive
hand tool situation our govern-
ment is on the first of this month
releasing some five million dollars
worth of fine hand tools for sale to
the public from its surplus stores.
— Photos by Leonard Art
Editorial
None So Blind
No one can conscientiously deny that the nation is right now in the
midst of the worst muddle in its history. Particularly in the field of labor
relations is the situation bad. There are confusion and strikes and indus-
trial unrest. Why? What brought it all on?
The answer is simple. Lack of a constructive program from Wash-
ington brought it on. Lack of foresight and vision on the part of our
elected leaders set the stage. Ignorance of and indifference to the needs
and desires of the common people called the tune. Greed on the part of
vested interests with strong lobbies in Washington acted out the tragedy.
In December 1944 we wrote an editorial (appearing in the January,
1945, issue) in which we predicted the very things that are now happening.
Let us quote in part :
"We still have no definite policy toward labor during the war,
or plan for after the war. Lacking a clear-cut guiding principle,
we have met each labor crisis with an improvisation which, while
patching the immediate breach, has generated new misunderstand-
ings of its own .... Buck-passing, boondoggling, and delay,
coupled with the unfair, unworkable Little Steel Formula, have
created a morass of chaos unparalleled in American labor history.
And the situation shows no promise of improving. Disputes are
piling up faster than the War Labor Board can handle them. Cases
are being kicked around from pillar to post for months and even
years before decisions are handed down; and when they are finally
handed down they are more often than not so confusing and incon-
sistent that no one can understand them. Workers are becoming
fed up and resentful and the general public is becoming genuinely
alarmed.
"While the situation is bad enough while the war is going on,
it promises to become much worse after the last shot is fired unless
something is done immediately. Then there will be no stimulus
of patriotism to keep men plugging away at their jobs in the face
of mounting and endless injustices. Then there will be no driving
urge compelling employers to keep production lines going full
speed regardless of any other considerations. Then the real
breakdown will come unless a consistent and realistic labor policy
is developed in the meantime.
"Some people seem to think that after the war is time enough
to tackle the matter. Nothing could be more erroneous. The
present situation cannot drift along indefinitely. The breakdown
may come long before the end of the war — something that must
be avoided at all costs. Furthermore, if this country is to avoid
another disastrous depression following the cessation of hostilities
a blueprint for an orderly reconversion program must be worked
out beforehand. Labor cannot be ignored in that blueprint.
"Nor can anything as impractical as the Little Steel Formula
be maintained indefinitely ... A situation of this kind cannot
help but develop terrific internal pressures. To date these pres-
sures have been kept under control, but when they do break
THE CARPENTER 17
through the seams, the explosion will be colossal. How long will
it be before the explosion occurs? No one can say; but no one can
deny the time bomb is ticking and ticking fast."
There you have it in a nutshell. Stupidity or cupidity on the part of
some of the people we sent to Washington created the unhappy situation
prevailing at present. We are neither politician, brain-truster nor expert,
but we saw it coming in 1944. We were only a plain carpenter then and
we are still only a plain carpenter, but we see something even worse
coming in 1947 or 1948 if the Big Wigs in Washington continue in their
determination to shackle labor through crippling legislation. Free enter-
prise will endure only so long as all segments of it are free. Labor's free-
dom cannot be abridged without the rights of others being abridged, too.
The day that labor is shackled is the day free enterprise starts singings its
swan song. Industrial peace cannot be brought about by legislating away
men's right to air their grievances and take legitimate action to correct the
same. Neither can men be compelled to work against their will by any
methods short of Hitler's.
If a plain carpenter can see these things, why can't the representatives
of the people in Washington — men who are supposed to represent the
cream of our brains — see them?
It's the Same Old Sad Story
After the first world war Big Business created for itself a perfect
setup for milking the country of fabulous profits. It introduced the so-
called "American Plan" — a plan which did nothing more or less than
substitute company unions for legitimate unions. Without militant unions
to contend with, Business had its own way. Prices went up while wages
stayed down. In the years from 1919 to 1929, profits grew fatter and
fatter. In that period Business embarked on a forty billion dollar expan-
sion program. Then came October, 1929. There was forty billion dollars
worth of new production capacity but there was no buying power to use
up that production because wages were kept down. The result was panic,
crash, and depression. Had a wiser program been followed there might
never have been a serious depression. Had half of the forty billion dollars
gone into wage increases and half of it into expansion the gap between
productive capacity and buying capacity might never have brought on the
debacle that created the black days of the 30's.
All that is water under the bridge. It was a sad experience but one which
should have taught us a lesson. However, it is now becoming clear that
it taught Business nothing. Look at the program Business is now em-
barked on. It is a repetition of the 20's in a more virulent form.
As this is being written, OPA is about to sing its swan song. Big
Business pressure on Congress is sounding the death knell of price control.
At the same time Business is determined to hamstring the unions through
crippling legislation. If it succeeds, what sort of a setup will it have?
There will be no limits on the prices it can charge; at the same time
workers will be unable to demand and get higher wages because the
hands of their unions will be tied by anti-strike legislation. What will
the result be? An era of unprecedented prosperity followed by a bust
that will make 1930 look like good times.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Fiest General Vice-President General Secretary
M. A. HUTCHESON FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President General Treasurer
JOHN R. STEVENSON S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind. Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr. Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
111 E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y. 631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3684 W. 136th St., Cleveland, O. H82 St. Lawrence, Rrn. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
712 West Palmetto St.. Florence, S. C. FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
MEETING OF GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD
Carpenters' Home, Lakeland, Fla.
April 18, 1946.
The General Executive Board met in session on the above date, at Carpenters'
Home, Lakeland, Florida.
All members present.
The General President reported that arrangements had been completed for the
opening of our Twenty-Fifth General Convention on Monday morning, April 22,
in the City Auditorium of Lakeland, Florida, after which the sessions will be held
in the auditorium of the Carpenters' Home until all the business to be dealt with
is completed.
Request of Wyoming Valley District Council, Wilkes-Barre, Pa., for financial
aid for relief of men on strike, referred to the General President.
The General President submitted a letter from C. Dale Welch, President of
Local Union 8 9 9, Parkersburg, West Virginia, in which Brother Welch reviews
the case of Brother Lee Birthisel and Roy Sporleder, members of Local Union 120 7,
Charleston, West Virginia, versus Local Union 89 9 and as the letter did not have
the local seal, nor was it an appeal, it was received and filed.
April 22, 1946.
Local Union 576, Pine Bluff, Arkansas; did not comply with the orders of the
General President, dated June 6, 1944, to drop.C. E. Cuthbertson from member-
ship in that Local Union.
THE CARPENTER 19
Therefore, Local Union 576 was not entitled to send delegates to the Twenty-
Fifth General Convention, and furthermore unless he (the General President) re-
ceived a prompt notification that Local Union 5 76 complies with his instructions
of June 6, 1944, he would recommend to the General Executive Board the revoca-
tion of Charter No. 576.
The General Executive Board unanimously concurred in the action of the Gen-
eral President in this case.
The American Society for Russian Relief, New York, New York, asked that
one of their representatives be permitted to appear before the Convention.
Request tabled.
April 23, 1946.
The General Executive Board in session on April 23, 1946, in accordance with
the action and instructions of the Twenty-Fifth General Convention of the United
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, deemed it necessary at this
time to immediately revoke the charter of Local Union 101 and to take complete
charge of its property and affairs, and instructed the General President, as Chair-
man of the General Executive Board, and Frank Duffy, as Secretary of the General
Executive Board, to immediately take such action as is necessary to carry out said
instructions, and in accordance therewith the following telegram was sent to the
Treasurer and three Trustees of Local Union 101, Baltimore, Maryland.
"You are hereby instructed to immediately deliver to John Ryan,
as General Representative of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners of America, all moneys, records, bonds, securities and all
other property and evidence of ownership, including the charter of
Local Union No. 101, Baltimore, Maryland, to conform with the
action taken by the Twenty-Fifth General Convention of the United
Brotherhood on this 23rd day of April, 1946. You as an officer of
said Local Union No. 101, will be held personally responsible for any
refusal to comply with this order and for any expenditures of money
following receipt of this notice and demand.
GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE UNITED
BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS
OF AMERICA,
By WILLIAM L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary."
April 24, 1946.
The General Executive Board in session, on April 24, 1946, instructed the
Chairman and Secretary to take such action as is necessary to see that Local Union
5 76, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, carries out the instructions given by the General
President under date of June 6, 1944.
April 27, 1946.
Delegates to the Twenty-Fifth General Convention from Southern California,
representing the shipbuilding industry, appeared before the General Executive
Board and advocated the formation of a District Council for that branch of the
trade, but as Local Union 1335, Wilmington, California, has a resolution to that
effect before the Convention, the matter was laid over until the Convention acts
on it.
The General Secretary was instructed to issue ballots for the election of
General Officers for the coming terms as per the provisions of the General Consti-
tution. Paragraph F, Section 9, specifies that:
"All ballots shall be marked by making an X opposite the names
of the nominees to be voted for, and shall be immediately placed by
the member voting in a box provided for such purpose by the Local
Union, which shall be in charge of the President. After the time for
balloting has elapsed, the ballots shall be counted by the tellers in
the presence of the President. The Recording Secretary shall then
prepare duplicate statements showing the number of votes cast for
20 THE CARPENTER
each candidate on election blanks furnished by the General Secre-
tary. Such statements must be signed by the tellers, attested by the
President and Recording Secretary and have seal attached. One
copy must be sent to the General Secretary by the Recording Secretary
and President by registered mail, and one copy must be retained by
the Local Union. All election returns must be sent to the General
Secretary in sealed envelopes, said envelopes to be furnished by the
General Secretary and marked "Election Returns, Care of General
Secretary, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America,
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Indiana." The General Secretary
shall turn over all Election Returns to the Tabulation Committee,
when they report for duty, in the same condition as received. All
voted ballots to be counted must be sent by registered mail or parcel
post to the General Secretary by the Recording Secretary following
the election and all blank ballots shall be immediately destroyed by
the Local Union."
The election to take place in June. The returns to be sent to the General Secretary
not later than July 15th, 1946.
Telegram from the Secretary of the Massachusetts State Federation of Labor
relative to two anti-labor measures proposed which tend to weaken Free Trade
Unions in that state and asking our support financially to defeat these measures
was carefully considered, after which the request was referred to the General
President to ascertain from the American Federation of Labor what the other
affiliated organizations proposed to do in the matter, then the Brotherhood would
do likewise.
April 29, 1946.
The General President appointed R. E. Roberts and Al Fischer to codify the
laws approved by the Twenty-Fifth General Convention for submission to refer-
endum vote.
May 1, 1946.
The General President submitted to the Board the deeds to the properties of H.
Blumenberg and Nelson Ford in Florida covering their shortages of the funds of
Local Union 101, Baltimore, Md. They were referred to the General Treasurer for
safe keeping.
The request for financial aid from Local 2876, Jackson, Tenn., was referred to
the General President.
The General Executive Board gave careful consideration to the report of the
Committee on Housing unanimously adopted by the Twenty-Fifth General Con-
vention on April 30, 1946, after which it was decided that the report be referred to
the General Officers to draft a statement thereon for presentation to the official
authorities dealing with this matter.
In conformity with the action of the Twenty-Fifth General Convention on
April 29, 1946 unanimously concurring in Resolution No. 60 presented by Studio
Carpenters Local No. 9 46, HollyAvood, California and endorsed by Local Unions
1313, 772 and 767, the General Executive Board directed the General Secretary to
send Resolution No. 60 to the Executive Council of the American Federation of
Labor demanding immediate restoration to the United Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners of America of jurisdiction over work that rightfully belongs to them.
The Board recessed to meet at the call of the Chair.
May 23, 1946.
The General Executive Board reconvened the recessed meeting at Headquar-
ters, Indianapolis, Indiana on May 23, 1946.
The Board took up the audit of the books and accounts of the General Office.
May 24, 1946.
Local Union 717, Muscatine, Iowa. Request for financial assistance for men
on strike referred to the General President.
Letter from the Peter J. McGuire Memorial Committee, Camden, N. J., received.
The General Executive Board reaffirms its former action taken at its February
THE CARPENTER 21
1946 meeting on the Peter J. McGuire Memorial proposed by the Central Labor
Union of Camden, N. J.
Appeal of Local Union 64, Louisville, Kentucky from the decision of the Gen-
eral Treasurer in disapproving the Disability Claim of Brother Harold Busey, a
member of that Local Union, on the grounds that it was not filed with the General
Office within two years as the law provides, was referred back to the General
Treasurer for further investigation.
Appeal of Local Union 3120, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the Death Claim of Albert Sommerfeldt, a
former member of said Local Union, was carefully considered, after which the
decision of the General Treasurer was sustained on grounds set forth therein and
the appeal was dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 15 71. San Diego, California, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the Death Claim of Albin Erickson, a former
member of said Local Union, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing
at time of death was acted upon and the decision of the General Treasurer was
sustained and the appeal dismissed
Appeal of Harry C. Forrest, a member of Local Union 1715, Vancouver,
Washington, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the Death
Claim of his Wife, Mrs. Beulah Forrest, for the reason that the claim was not filed
with the General Office within six months from date of death as the law provides
in Paragraph B, Section 5 3 of our General Laws. The decision of the General
Treasurer was sustained and the appeal dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 1149, Oakland, California, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the Death Claim of Phillip H. Thompson, a
a former member of said Local Union, for the reason that the claim was not filed
with the General Office within six months from date of death as the law provides
in Paragraph B, Section 5 3 of our General Laws. The decision of the General
Treasurer was sustained and the appeal dismissed.
Claim of Mrs. Lillie Yerion — a member in good standing of Local Union 1120
(Millmen) Portland, Oregon, for death benefit of her husand Jesse L. Yerion. As
there are no provisions in our Laws governing such claims the claim was disap-
proved.
Appeal of Local Union 5 69, Pascagoula, Mississippi, from the decision of the
General President in which he instructed Local Union 569 under date of March
28, 1946 to
Continue your affiliation with the Metal Trades Council.
Reimburse members who have paid the per capita tax. or any por-
tion thereof.
If the delegates you have at the present time representing you
in the Metal Trades Council do not perform their duties in a manner
in keeping with the policies, laws, rules and regulations of the Broth-
erhood, then to remove them and prefer charges as per the provisions
of the Constitution.
The decision of the General President was sustained and the appeal dismissed.
Appeal of L. G. Chappell, a member of Local Union 30, New London, Connecti-
cut, from the decision of the General President in the case of L. G. Chappell
versus Local Union 30. The decision of the General President was sustained on
grounds set forth therein and the appeal was dismissed.
Communication from A. J. Caine, Kennewick, Washington, received as infor-
mation and filed.
Appeal of David Mauser, a member of Local Union 129, Hazelton. Pa., from
the decision of the General President in the case of David Mauser versus Local
22 THE CARPENTER
Union 191, York, Pa. The decision of the General President was sustained on
grounds set forth therein and the appeal was dismissed.
May 27, 1946.
The resolution presented by Local Union 946, Hollywood, California, to the
Twenty-Fifth General Convention held in Lakeland, Florida, in April, 19 46, relative
to their claim of jurisdiction in the Studios was presented to the Executive Council
of the A. F. of L. in May 19 46, after which a further investigation of the case was
decided on, the results of same be reported to the Executive Council of the A. F.
of L. at its next meeting.
The General Executive Board went into session as the Board of Trustees.
May 28, 1946.
Pittsburgh, Pa.— Request of the Pittsburgh District Council for financial aid
in the work that Council is now engaged in was seriously and carefully considered,
after which the Board appropriated $10,000.00 to the District Council with the
understanding that a strict accounting must be made to the General Office how it
is spent. The Board further orders that all Initiation Fees of new members
be turned over to the District Council to be used as directed.
Owing to existing conditions in the State of West Virginia and the indifference
of the members of Local Union 9 6 3, Parkersburg, to the Organization the General
Executive Board deemed it advisable for the best interests of the Brotherhood to
revoke the charter of Local Union 9 6 3, Parkersburg, W. Va. The members of
said Local Union to be transferred to some nearby Local Union by the General
President.
In accordance with the provisions of the report of the Finance Committee to the
last General Convention held in Lakeland, Florida, April 22nd-30th, 1946, recom-
mending that the balance of the Project or Trust Fund be transferred to the De-
fense Fund which was unanimously adopted by the Convention, the General
Executive Board ordered that the balance of the Project or Trust Fund be trans-
ferred to the Defense Fund.
There being no further business to be transacted the Board adjourned to meet
at the call of the Chair.
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary.
Notice to Recording Secretaries
The quarterly circular for the months of July, August and September,
1946, containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to all Local
Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in receipt
of this circular should notify Frank Duffy, Carpenters' Building, Indian-
apolis, Indiana.
NEW CHARTERS ISSUED
2213 Mission City, B. C, Can. 2507 High Point, N. C.
2215 Utica and Boonville, N. Y. 2228 Oakdale, La.
2219 Shreveport, La. 250 6 Nevada City, Cal.
2220 Camden, Ark. 2533 Vancouver, B. C, Can.
2221 Duncan, Okla. 2534 New Westminster, B. C, Can.
2225 Libby, Mont. 2229 Syracuse, N. Y.
31
tt mi t m 0 x x a m
Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
tsi in TBt&te
The Editor has been requested to publish the nam**
of the following Brothers who have passed away.
Brother OLE L. ANDERSON, Local No, 634, Los Angeles, Cat,
Brother J. NORVAL BARRS, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cat
Brother CHARLES BATTEY, Local No. 94, Providence, R. I.
Brother ROLAND BEENS, Local No. 335, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Brother JOHN BENSON, Local No. 1052, W. Hollywood, Cat
Brother ERNEST J. BERNIER, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cat.
Brother ALEXANDRE C. BLACKHALL, Sr., Local No. 177, Springfield, Mass.
Brother J. T. BLACKMON, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother NAPOLEON BLAIS, Local No. 94, Providence, R. I.
Brother JOHN CHAPMAN, Local No. 1052, W. Hollywood, Cal.
Brother ARTHUR DALTON, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother HORACE R. DANNER, Local No. 512, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Brother GEORGE EDWARDS, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother RAGNAR ERICKSON, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.
Brother SEWARD ESTABROOK, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cat
Brother G. J. FLEENOR, Local No. 50, Knoxville, Tenn.
Brother GEORGE FOLSOM, Local No. 94, Providence, R. I.
Brother HENRY DE FRIES, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother JOSEPH GARDNER, Local No. 94, Providence, R. I.
Brother RICHARD GIESE, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother ALBERT D. GROVER, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother ANTHONY HAIBT, Local No. 12, Syracuse, N. Y.
Brother ROBT. V. HELMS, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother JOSEPH HOLLAND, Local No. 1010, Uniontown, Pa.
Brother JAMES E. HOMRA, Local No. 671, Clovis, N. M.
Brother JACKSON JERSEY, Local No. 785, Covington, Ky.
Brother JOHN AUGUST JOHNSON, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother WILLIS S. JOHNSON, Local No. 1656, Oneonta, N. Y.
Brother FLOYD C. JOHNSTON, Local No. 103, Birmingham. Ala.
Brother J. E. KANE, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother JOE B. KANPEN, Local No. 785, Covington, Ky.
Brother CLARENCE J. KENNY, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother JOHN KERESZTESY, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother W. G. KINARD, Local No. 809, Charleston, S. C.
Brother ALBERT W. KUESTER, Local No. 1627, Mena, Ark.
Brohter THOMAS G. LEWIS, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother ERNEST E. LINTON, Local No. 2288, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother VINTON LIVINGSTON, Local No. 335, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Brother ARVARD LUNDBERG, Local No. 1052, W. Hollywood, Cal.
Brother E. A. MATHEWS, Local No. 213, Houston, Tex.
Brother EDWARD J. MAURRY, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, CaL
Brother JOHN J. MERSHON, Local No. 1627, Mena, Ark.
Brother JACK McQUADE, Local No. 1797, Renton, Wash.
Brother WILLIAM MURRAY, Local No. 188, Yonkers, N. Y.
Brother O. W. PARKS, Local No. 133, Terre Haute, Ind.
Brother NELS PITKANEN, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother EMIL POKORNY, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y,
Brother MORRIS L. PRESTAGE, Local No. 1815, Santa Ana, Cal.
Brother ARTHUS F. ROSS, Local No. 785, Covington, Ky.
Brother WILHELM RUFF, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother WM. SCHEIL, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother A. W. SCHMIDT, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother HERMAN SCHOENBORN, Local No. 419, Chicago, III.
Brother EUGENE SCHWARTZ, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother GEORGE F. SHINE, Local No. 2169, Boston, Mass.
Brother FRANK R. SIMES, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother EMIL SIMONET, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, CaL
Brother HERBERT SMITH, Local No. 335, Grand Rapids, Mich.
Brother HUGH SLOVER, Local No. 213, Houston, Tex.
Brother ARTHUR W. SOUTHERN, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother TOM STEVENSON, Local No. 2288, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother J. B. STRICKLAND, Local No. 779, Waycross, Ga.
Brother AUGUST B. THORLAND, Local No. 2288, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother C. M. TROVINGER, Local No. 1010, Uniontown, Pa.
Brother EMMMETT O. TRUEX, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cal,
Brother PETE WEIDENBACH, Local No. 103 Birmingham, Ala,
CorrospondQncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
Pomona Honors Old Timer
Local Union No. 1752 of Pomona, Cal., gave a birthday party on May
7th for its oldest member, Harvey A. Bucher, on the occasion of his 77th
birthday. Many members spoke in praise of Brother Bucher's long and
untiring work in behalf of organized labor in Pomona Valley.
Among the speakers were J. E. Livingston, Representative of the Car-
penters Local, Pomona, Lou Willits, President of the Pomona Valley
Central Labor Council, and Jim Kearns of Los Angeles, Business Repre-
sentative of the District Council of Carpenters. A telegram of congratu-
lations was read from Congressman Jerry Voorhis. Paul E. Weaver,
publisher, gave an inspiring talk commending the efforts and accomplish-
ments of Brother Bucher.
The membership of the local, in appreciation of the faithful service
of its honored guest, presented him with a combination radio-phonograph.
Following congratulations, refreshments were served.
Brother Bucher, the only charter member now living in Pomona, has
retired from active work on account of failing eyesight, but still continues
active in the battle for organized labor. In the years gone by, when the
membership was low and times were tough, Brother Bucher and a few
loyal members held the local together by meeting in homes and by personal
sacrifice. As times grew better, the local increased, from a low of 11
members to a present membership of approximately 400. The local is
now in a prosperous and healthy condition with prospects of building
activity for a period of over 5 years.
e
L. U. 543 Honors Vets at 45th Anniversary Celebration
The 46th anniversary of Carpenters Local Union 543 of Mamaroneck,
N. Y., was observed on May 25, 1946, with a Victory dinner at Lawrence
Inn, Mamaroneck, N. Y. The occasion marked the first anniversary the
union has celebrated since 1940 as 38 of its members have been serving in
the Armed Forces and the majority of the remaining men have been
working out of town. Village officials, business agents from all of
Westchester County, New York City and Connecticut, and 300 guests at-
tended the dinner. Among them were : Supervisor S. Tocci of New
Rochelle, N. Y., George Grimm, secretary-treasurer of the Building and
Construction Trades Council, John S. Sinclair, president of the Carpen-
ters' District Council, M. J. Warren of Tuckahoe, N. Y., and Harris Beck
of Port Chester, N. Y.
Louis R. Tolve, who is business agent for Local Union 543, was general
chairman of the anniversary dinner assisted by Philip Quadrini, Edward
Granipoli, Ernest Tolive, Anthony Macri, John C. Zeh, Jesse I. Griffen,
THE CARPENTER 25
Joseph Decea, Harold Mellor, Vito Palmeri, John Funnicello, James
Murphy, James Cumming, William Logani and Patsy Petosillo.
Mr. Mellor, president of the union, presented each veteran with a
carpenter's pin.
•
L. U. 1268 Member Named "Worker-Father of 1946"
To George A. Chamberlain, a member of Local Union No. 1268, Johns-
town, N. Y., there came this year a unique honor. Of the millions of
family men in the nation he was chosen "Worker-Father of 1946." The
selection was made by the National Father's Day Committee. On Father's
Day (Sunday, June 16) Brother Chamberlain was presented with his
award as the climax of a five-day wmirl of entertainment in New York for
him and his family.
Brother Chamberlain is the father of seven sons — five of them U. S.
Navy men, and through the irony of Fate, the wife and mother passed
away on October 27, 1945 — Navy Day, a day dedicated to a branch of
Uncle Sam's service to which she gave so liberally.
Shortly before her death a personal letter was received from Secretary
of the Navy James Forrestal, in which he said "A grateful nation shares
your pride in your family's contribution to the cause of freedom — in
recognition of your courage and sacrifice I extend to you the commenda-
tion of the Navy Department and my personal congratulations."
Local Union No. 1268 is justifiably proud of Brother Chamberlain
and the signal honor that has been paid him. It is equally proud of his
seven fine sons. To the congratulations that have already been paid him
we wish to add the congratulations of the General Officers and The
Carpenter.
9
Presenting A Champion
The Editor:
Baseball is proud of its Grand Old Man, Connie Mack; football is
proud of its outstanding figure, Jim Thorpe ; and we, the members of
Local Union 287, Harrisburg, Pa., have our own Grand Old Champion. He
is Brother David W. Conklin. Bro. Conklin came to Harrisburg as a
young man. In the year 1890, he joined the United Brotherhood of Carpen-
ters and in all the fifty-six intervening years he has never once been in
arrears in the payment of his dues and he seldom missed a meeting until
his health began to fail. He is a charter member of Local 287 and has in
past years held every office within the power of the union to bestow on one
of its members. For fourteen years he served as president of the union.
Always a champion of the ideals laid down by Sam Gompers and Pete
McGuire, Bro. Conklin has served Local Union No. 287 long and well.
His sound advice and quiet courage have helped the union weather many a
crisis.
Recently Bro. Conklin was ordered to the hospital for a checkup. We,
the grateful members of Local Union No. 287, extend to him very best
wishes and pray that he may recover speedily and be with us for many
years to come. Fraternally yours,
C. Edwin Miller.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 214
Much of the work that once was
done by hand is now being done by
machine. There are two good reasons
for this. First, the machine turns out
the work much faster than it can be
Fig. 1
accomplished by hand, and second, with
perhaps only a few exceptions, the ma-
chine does better work than the aver-
age carpenter could do with hand tools.
At any rate, the machine is here to
stay, and just as it is improved from
year to year, it will take over more
and more of the work that is still being
done with hand tools. But this does
not mean that hand tools are going out
of use, nor does it mean that carpenters
do not have to learn how to use them.
If it means anything, it means that be-
cause carpenters do not get as much of
the hand work to do as they used to,
it is very important that they learn how
to do all the different things with hand
tools. For the time will never come when
it will not be necessary to get out by
hand a window sill, a stool, a jamb, or
even a piece of molding and many other
things that are needed in completing
work, or in repairing different parts of
buildings. Here is an example: We
were finishing a school building, and it
happened that we were short on chalk-
rail for the blackboards. It would
have taken perhaps weeks before it
could have been delivered to us from
the mill. We solved the problem by
making an extra piece of chalkrail with
the old' plow, or forty-five plane as it is
called, that we are showing by Fig. 1.
We had some extra bits that we had
used previously on making pieces of
moldings. The regular set of bits for a
forty-five plane does not include bits
necessary for making moldings, but
these can be obtained if they are need-
ed. The forty-five plane, however, is
well adapted to making window frames,
cutting tongues and grooves, cutting
beads, rabbeting and many other prac-
tical things.
The upper drawing of Fig. 2 shows
by the shaded parts how to prepare the
material for a window sill. To the left
the shaded part shows how the edge of
the timber is bevelled, and toward the
center is shown where the groove is to
be cut, which receives the siding. The
straight lines represent the cuts made
with the plane in doing the work. The
bottom drawing shows the sill material
ready to be made into a window sill.
THE CARPENTER
27
The forty-five plane is a necessity in
making jambs for window frames. Fig.
3 shows by the upper drawing a part of
a jamb for a window, plowed for the
is set so that the pulley stile will be as
wide as the thickness of the sash, plus
1/16 of an inch for play. We learned
parting bead. The bottom drawing
shows the parting bead, shaded and in
place. In plowing jambs for window
frames, it is important that the plow
LEARN T0 ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
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System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
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in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
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to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEIVi
Johnson Building C, Denver 2, Colorado
Fig. 4
this when we were learning the trade.
The boss put us to plowing window
jambs. We set the plow so it would just
slip over the edge of the window sash,
just as we had seen it done before by
Fig
journeyman carpenters. But what we
did not notice, was that the journeyman,
in setting the plow, allowed 1/16 of an
inch for play. The boss discovered it
28
THE CARPENTER
and solved the problem by using the
other side of the material for the face
side. We learned to allow for play in
this hard way, but we will never for-
get it.
Frequently it happens that a window
stool has to be made on the job, and the
forty-five plane again is the tool that is
needed for this. Fig. 4, the upper draw-
ing, shows how the stool is plowed first,
and the shading indicates the part that
Fig. 6
must be planed off to complete the bev-
eled rabbet of the stool that laps onto
the window sill. The bottom drawing
shows the stool completed. The nosing
design to the right, is a good one; how-
ever, the nosing should be kept in har-
mony with the rest of the trim.
A cross section of a window sill is
shown by Fig. 5. This sill is shown in
place fastened to the window jamb and
H. H. SIEGELE'S B
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— This book covers hun-
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to the right we have a window stool.
The sill, stool and jamb shown here are
the same as those shown by Figs. 2, 3
and 4.
Fig. 7
Fig. 6 shows how to proceed in mak-
ing a rabbeted door jamb. The upper
drawing shows a piece of jamb material
plowed for the rabbet. The shaded part
must be removed with either a rabbet
plane or with some other kind of plane.
Perhaps the jack plane is used for this
work more than the rabbet plane. A
fore plane will also do the work. The
straight parallel lines indicate the dif-
ferent cuts that will have to be made
with the plane in cutting out the rabbet
to give it the form shown by the bottom
drawing. The size of the rabbet is
THE CARPENTER
29
shown with figures. Note the 1/16-inch
play allowed.
It often happens that a flooring board
must be made for some particular place,
either a little narrower than the regular
width, or a little wider. And for mak-
ing such special pieces, the forty-five
plane is the tool to use. Fig. 7 shows
by the upper drawing what has to be
cut out in making a piece of flooring,
and the bottom drawing shows the piece
completed.
Beading is another thing that the
forty-five plane will do. Fig. 8, the up-
per drawing, shows by the shading
what has to be cut out in making the
beads. The bottom drawing shows the
beading completed. The beads on the
two edges are called edge beads or edge
beading, and the bead at the center is
called a center bead, or center beading.
Ship lap joints are often necessary
and the plow again will do the work,
however, this work properly belongs to
Fig. 9
the rabbet plane. The shaded part of
the upper drawing, Fig. 9, shows the
parts that are cut out. The shading
shows that the cutting is done from the
sides to the depth of the rabbet, but it
can also be done from the edges of the
board.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
•
Wants to Know, I.
By H. H. Siegele
A brother wants information on how
to cope large moldings.
Most of the large moldings are sprung
moldings; that is, such moldings are
set on an angle with the wall, and
therefore leave an air space back of
them in the angle. See the cross sec-
tion shown in Fig. 1.
Many of the difficulties that arise in
coping sprung moldings, would disap-
pear if the first piece of molding were
left loose for several feet from the
angle where the coped joint is to be
Moldinq
Fig. 1
made. Then when the coped piece is
brought against it, it can usually be ad-
justed so that the joint will fit perfectly
before the permanent nailing is done.
When the first piece of molding is nailed
before the coped joint is completed, the
joint usually is open, either at the top
or at the bottom. To make such a joint
fit by cutting on the coped piece is al-
most impossible, because the two pieces
of molding will not member, unless the
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IF YOUR DEALER CANT SUPPLY YOU
SEND TODAY
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Los Angeles 37 California
30
THE CARPENTER
first piece is set to the angle that will
fit the coped piece.
Fig. 2
In the case of extra large moldings,
there is added another difficulty. They
are too big to be cut in a standard miter
box. Besides, such moldings sometimes
are slightly warped, not enough to be
noticed, but enough to cause trouble in
making a coped joint. In such cases I
usually tack the first molding in place,
as shown to the left, Fig. 1. Sure that
the first piece is in the right position,
I give the end of the piece to be coped a
rough cut, as shown to the right, and
tack it in place about as shown. Then
I take my scriber and scribe the molding
as shown in Fig. 2, between a and b.
The part that is lightly shaded is the
part to be cut out. If this work is pains-
takingly done, the coped joint should fit
as shown by Fig. 3.
Molding
Fig. 3
A word of caution: Care must be
taken that both pieces of molding are
in the right position when the scribing
is done.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
on-the-job mm
HAND
BOOK
This new and revised edition of Carpenters and Builders' Practical Rules for Layinr
Out Work consists of short and practical rules for laying out octagons, ellipses, roofs,
groined ceilings, hoppers, spirals, stairs and arches with tables of board measure,
length of common, hip, valley and jack rafters, square measure, cube measure, measure
of length, etc. — also, rules for kerfing. drafting gable molding, getting the axis of a
segment, laying off gambrel roof and explaining the steel square.
$1.00 postpaid. Money back guarantee If not entirely satisfied
SEND $1.00 TODAY
D. A
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Minneapolis 9, Minn. ward by return mail one of your
t*w #-».« i*t^va^«»«*f Minneapolis 9, Minn. ward b3
I Carpenters & Builders' Practical Rules for Laying Out Work
N ame Address.
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NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be. in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising space in "The Car-
penter," including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
Carlson & Sullivan, Monrovia, Cal. 30
Corweld Supply Co., Los Angeles,
Cal. 29
E. C. Atkins & Co. Indianapolis,
Ind. 4th Cover
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 32
Henry Disston & Sons, Philadel-
phia, Pa 1
Mall Tool Co., Chiacgo, 111 31
Master Rule Mfg. Co., Inc., New
New York, N. Y 3
Millers Falls Co., Greenfield,
Mass. 32
North Bros. Mfg. Co., Phila-
delphia Pa 3
Paine Company, Chicago, 111 3rd Cover
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
Celotex Corp., Chicago, 111 4
Johns-Manville, New York, N. Y. 32
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 3
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y. 3rd Cover
Mason & Parrish, Engineers,
Kalamazoo, Mich 31
Nelson Co., Chicago, 111 31
D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 30
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 23
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 27
KEEP THE MONEY
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Model 128 has 12" blade and 4*£" cut-
ting capacity. Standard equipment in-
cludes one 12" cross-cut blade, one 12"
rip-saw blade, 10 ft. of electric cord and
plug — rip fence guide, all metal carry-
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Ask your Dealer or Writo for Literature,
SVIALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago At., Chicago 19, III.
[THEY HAVE'
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mitres, read board feet and brace tables,
octagon scale, rafter tables and much
other valuable information. Radial Saw
Chart changes pitches and cuts into de-
grees and minutes. Every carpenter should
have this chart. Now printed on both sides,
makes about 13 square feet of copy showing
squares full size. Price $1.00 post paid. Check
or Money Order— No Stamps.
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2105 N. Burdick St., Dept. 6, Kalamazoo 81. Mich.
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, gunsmith, 53 easy illustrat-
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NELSON CO.. 1139 S. Wabash, Dept. 3G66. Chicago 5. III.
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' Nelson Co., Dept. 3G66, 1139 S. Wabash, Chicago 5 1
: Please send me — FREE and without obligation — B
I Illustrated Success-Catalog containing information about 1
■ Locksmithing and Kev making. No salesmen will call. •
NAME
ADDRESS .
CITY
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'Recent poll shows... for Asbestos Building Materials
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Back of this tremendous public
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knew the name of a manufacturer of
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Knowing the reputation of Stanley
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long service. Priced to please, too!
Stanley Scraper No. 80-
Body and handles cast in
one piece and japanned.
Raised handles protect
hands. Tempered,
polished, finest quality
steel blade, beveled — may
be sprung to slight curve
with thumb screw for
easier, faster work.
L
Stanley Scraper No. 82 -
Adjustable hardwood han-
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How to use the steel square — How to file and set
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arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems— Es-
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• The feel of an Atkins saw in the hand of an experienced
workman is like the friendly handclasp of an old acquaintance.
Carpenters like the friendly grip of an Atkins saw. They like
its ready will and eager response to the job at hand. They
know it can be depended upon for months and years of un-
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Home Office and Factory: 402 So. Illinois St., Indianapolis 9, Ind.
BRANCH FACTORY: Portland. Oregon
BRANCH OFFICES: Atlanta • Chicago - Memphis • New Orleans
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THE CARPENTER'S ALLY FOR 89 YEARS
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
- sTsffi -r^ ^~<WJ w »&&&&=&£&.
>■*
AUGUST, 1946
Be Your Own OPA
Government control over prices
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to be his own OPA.
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A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Established in 1881
Vol. LXVI— No. 8
INDIANAPOLIS, AUGUST, 1946
One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy
- — Con tents
Here We Go Again
A vascillating Congress revives the old wage and price control merryground. First
General Vice President M. A. Hutcheson sums up the situation as it now exists.
Don't Blame Labor ------ 5
Everyone agrees that the prices being charged for new and old houses are too high.
Who is to blame? Boris Shishkin, chairman of the American Federation of Labor Com-
mittee on Housing, proves conclusively by facts and figures that building trades wages
have very little to do with today's exhorbitant prices.
12
Veterans Administration reveals that many ex-GI's are using the loans guaranteed by the
government to set themselves up in profitable, good-paying businesses.
14
A veteran senator looks at the labor picture existing today and comes to the conclusion
that the answer to industrial unrest lies in an extension of true collective bargaining
rather than in some form of compulsion for workers.
GIs Are Making Good
Keep Collective Bargaining
OTHER DEPARTMENTS:
Plane Gossip
Editorials
Official
In Memoriam
Correspondence
To the Ladies
Craft Problems
10
16
20
21
22
24
26
Index to Advertisers
• • •
29
Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
HERE WE GO AGAIN
• * •
AFTER twenty-five days of the worst kind of confusion, a weak and
vascillating Congress on July 25 enacted into law a watered-down
extension of price and wage control. During the twenty-five day
period when controls were off, prices skyrocketed and the cost of many
articles increased from thirty to fifty per cent. Although price ceilings
theoretically went back on again July 25, the revived OPA has already
upped price ceilings substantially in many, many lines, and more upward
revisions are destined to come within the next few weeks. Already it is
clear that the price line is not going to be held very rigidly.
However, insofar as wages are concerned, the same old cumbersome
procedures that were in effect last June still prevail today. To get an
increase today, a union must follow the same routine that was in effect
prior to July 1. Immediately upon revival of price and wage controls,
the following analysis of the situation was sent to affected local unions
and district councils by First General Vice President M. A. Hutcheson:
* * * * *
July 30, 1946.
To All Local Unions and District Councils of the United Brotherhood
of Carpenters and Joiners of America Whose Members Are Engaged
on Building Construction.
Greetings :
On July 25 President Truman signed a Bill which reinstated stabil-
ization of prices and wages. The Bill became a law immediately after he
signed it. What the new law does is extend for another year, with only a
couple of minor changes, the same setup on revising wages that was in
effect before June 30 when the old law expired. Therefore, for all prac-
tical purposes, you may consider that the situation right now is practically
the same as it was last June. It is necessary that you follow the same pro-
cedures now that you followed then in seeking an adjustment in wages.
In the building trades all wage cases will fall in one of the three
categories which can be summed up as follows:
1. Where joint collective bargaining agreements were acted upon
by the Wage Adjustment Board prior to July 1, 1946, and the
amount allowed by the Board was less than that agreed upon by
the parties, a joint letter from the employer and the union re-
questing reconsideration of the case will be accepted by the
Wage Adjustment Board and no new case need be filed.
2. Where collective bargaining agreements were entered into be-
tween July 1 and July 25 and rates higher than those in effect
4 THECARFENTER
on June ;$0 wore put info effect by the parties, such agreements
to be presented for approval of the Wage Adjustment Board by
the International Union or <l>o appropriate employer group with-
out the previously required procedure of counter-signature of the
Building and Construction Trades Department of the A. F. of I/.
3. Where collective bargaining agreements arc negotiated subse-
quent to July 25, they must be submitted to Wage Adjust-
ment Board in conformity with the procedure in existence prior
to July 1, 1946.
The Board announced that decisions are being released immediately
in all cases pending- on June 30, 1946. Applications filed immediately with
the Board will be acted upon under emergency procedures.
The Wage Stabilization Board has announced that no proceedings for
violation will be instituted for wages paid in the period July 25 to August
10, 1946 on the condition that an application for approval on any higher
rate than legally paid June 30, 1946 has been filed with the Wage Adjust-
ment Board during that period. Any contingent payment after August
10 of unapproved rates will be subject to enforcement proceedings.
Fraternally yours
M. A. HUTCHESON,
For The
GENERAL PRESIDENT
Only time will tell how effective or ineffective the revised stabiliza-
tion program will be. From labor's point of view the picture looks any-
thing but optimistic. The program is rigged to raise prices and at the
same time wages are placed under another "freeze." To anyone with even
average intelligence it is obvious that the whole program is designed to
protect profits rather than hold down prices for consumers.
Under the new stabilization setup, a three-man board is charged with
responsibility for decontrolling goods as rapidly as they see fit. On the
board are a banker, an industrialist and a bureaucrat. Who is looking
after the interests of the consumers? The answer is, nobody. It seems
to us if the government were interested in protecting the consumers
there would be a representative of some consumer group — such as labor
— on the board.
What most labor officials have feared all along is a resumption of price
controls that don't hold down prices while at the same time wages are
placed under rigid controls that do keep them close to static. While a
positive analysis cannot yet be made, all indications point to the fact that
the new stabilization program is going to lean pretty much in that direc-
tion. In the very first few days the revived OPA allowed substantial
price hikes in many lines of consumer goods and more are on their way.
In the meantime wages will have to struggle along under the cumber-
some old procedure that kept them lagging far behind prices all through
the war 3^ears. Manufacturers and dealers are guaranteed a healthy mar-
gin of profit on the business they do, but the workers are guaranteed
nothing. To raise their wages they have to go through the same old com-
plicated procedure and meet the same old ambiguous formulas.
Don't Blame Labor
Are Home Prices Too High? They Are.
But Building Unions Are not at Fault
By Boris Shishkln
Secretary, A. F. of L. Housing Committee
EVERY WORKER knows that in the past six years the cost of living
has steadily increased. Every family looking for a home today
knows that nothing has increased as much as the cost of a place to
live. The new $6,000 dream home of 1940 is a not-so-new $10,000 house to-
day. And the $500 lot you selected for your home back then isn't any
bigger today, but the price has gone up to $800 or more. Or if, last Sep-
tember, you found a $6,000 house built during the war, but waited until
February to buy it, the price had by then jumped to $7800 — an average in-
crease of $300 a month.
Everyone looking for a house
wants to know why this dizzy rise
in the price of homes. Where does
that extra $4000, added on the pre-
war $6000 house, go ? Who gets the
money? Why should the price on
this pre-war house have increased
17 per cent in the first six months
after V-J Day? Why should war
housing have increased some 30 per
cent in this same six months, al-
though these war-built houses were
often hastily and shoddily con-
structed?
Most of the rise in the cost of
housing is a speculative increase
created by the scarcity of housing.
Whenever there is a shortage, the
man with the long purse is able and
willing to pay more, while the man
with the short purse is forced to do
without. Without price control,
those who are richer bid up the price
out of reach of those who are poor-
er. This is especially true of hous-
ing right now because there is no
substitute for a house. Bread and
butter, meat and cheese may be hard
to buy, but at least you can eat
something else. But only four walls
and a roof can give shelter.
Without price control on the sale
of either, both the existing homes
and new houses have commanded
extremely high prices. However,
there are those who allege that labor
generally and the building workers
specifically are responsible for the
high cost of housing. Over and
over again the charge is made that
housing costs the consumer too
much because the wages paid con-
struction workers are too high.
These attacks falsify facts and vio-
late common sense.
The majority of wage-earners,
both in and out of the building
trades, have never been able to earn
enough to afford decent, soundly
built houses themselves. Is there
any truth then to the charge that
building wages are too high and that
labor costs must be cut? What are
the wages of building workers?
How much of the home buyer's dol-
lar goes to the men who build his
home? What is the best way of
bringing well-built houses within
the financial reach of every wage-
THE CARPENTER
earner and every family in the
country ?
First all all let us look at what
goes into the price that is put on
the price tag when a house is put up
for sale. When you break down
the amount appearing on the price
tag", you find that the part going to
labor which builds the house is
small.
Out of every dollar, 45.7 cents go
for materials; 12.3 cents for con-
tractor's and subcontractor's over-
head and profit; 12.5 cents to buy
and improve the land, and only 29.5
cents for site labor. As you see,
more than 70 cents out of every dol-
lar in the price of a house go for
materials, overhead, land, selling
expense and profit and not to the
workers who built the house.
This is the way it works out. You
bought a $5000 house ; $2285 paid
for the materials (and out of this
more than $300 is clear profit), $615
went to the contractors, $625 for the
land and $1475 for the building
labor.
Only 29.5 per cent of your hous-
ing dollar goes to labor. This is
small compared with many other
consumer goods. In fact, there are
seventy-seven major industries in
which the proportion of the labor
cost to the value of the product is
higher.
The less than 30 per cent of the
sale price of housing which goes to
the building wrorker does not pro-
vide him with lush living nor de-
prive you of decent housing. The
average wreekly earnings on private
building construction in 1939 were
less than $32. It must be remem-
bered that these are weekly earn-
ings for employed workers during
the time they worked. Few work-
ers had jobs every week of the
year and many were employed only
a part of the year. Before the war
there was no "full employment" in
the construction industry.
During the war we did achieve
nearly full employment in most in-
dustries and wages of most workers
went up — although wage increases
had a hard time keeping up with in-
creased prices. But the general in-
crease in wages was not fully shared
by building workers. Early in the
defense period the Building and
Construction Trades Department of
the A. F. of L. realized that the
members of their unions were essen-
tial to carry out the building call-
ed for by the national emergency.
Without an adequate supply of con-
struction workers with the proper
skills in the right places at the right
time, we couldn't complete on sche-
dule the defense construction pro-
gram and therefore meet the pro-
duction goals we set or have the
housing and community facilities es-
sential for war workers and military
personnel. This acute need for con-
struction workers meant they could
demand and get higher wages. In-
stead of saying "the sky's the limit,"
the Building and Construction
Trades Department early in 1940 en-
tered into a voluntary wage stabil-
ization agreement with employers.
All wage questions were brought be-
fore a tripartite board for settle-
ment. This was almost two years
before similar procedures were es-
tablished for every wage question
under the National War Labor
Board.
In 1942 the National War Labor
Board limited all wage increase to
15 per cent under the "Little Steel"
formula. Wage increases for build-
ing workers, under the Wage
Adjustment Board, have averaged
much less. At the end of the war,
construction workers were earning
only 8 to 10 per cent more than be-
fore the defense period. The de-
THE CARPENTER
cline in weekly income, which has
affected all workers since the war,
began for building- workers even be-
fore the war ended. From March,
1945, to March, 1946, for example,
average weekly earnings of workers
on private building construction de-
clined more than 3 per cent. This
was mainly due to the elimination
of overtime and shift to lower-paid
work.
At a time when building workers
have been trying to make ends meet,
with prices going up and wage in-
come going down, the prices of
building materials have been in-
creasing almost weekly. Since
March, 1945, the wholesale price of
^■building materials has gone up al-
most 7 per cent and the price of
lumber nearly 12 per cent. Since
V-E Day more than seventy-five
price increases on different types of
building materials and equipment
have been granted.
As we pointed out earlier, the
price tag on the house offered for
sale is only a part of the real cost
of buying a home. Because most
people can afford to make only a
small cash down payment and must
borrow the rest of the money,
houses are sold on long-term mort-
gage loans. The home buyer then
begins to pay for the house in
monthly installments, which for
most families attempting home own-
ership have seldom proved to be
easy payments. The most important
thing that most people fail to real-
ize when they undertake home own-
ership is that, by 'the time the mort-
gage is paid up, the average home
buyer will have paid out nearly
three times the original cost of the
house.
Under the best type of mortgage
on the average pre-war house in-
sured by the FHA, it takes twenty-
five years to have the house fully
paid for and to be able to call it
your own. At the end of twenty-
five years, when the last mortgage
payment is made, the buyer of a
$5000 house will have paid out $14,-
717. So if instead of asking the
man who is about to buy a house,
you ask the man who really owns
one, he will tell you that, after
his twenty-five-year struggle with
"easy" monthly payments, this is
how the hard-earned cash he put
into them was divided up: for the
house itself — $5000 ($500 for the
down payment, $4500 in monthly
payments) ; for interest — 3842 ; for
taxes and insurance — $3375 ; for es-
sential maintenance and repairs —
$2500; total cost — $14,717.
During the twenty-five years the
monthly cost paid out by the buyer
of a $5000 house will average about
$47.30. Of this amount, only $15
goes to pay for the house itself. In-
terest takes at least $12.80, while
$11.25 goes for taxes and insurance.
Of the remainder, $8.33 is the aver-
age amount spent for maintenance
essential to keep the house in repair.
These are the bare costs of buying
a home. They do not take into ac-
count the cost of heat, light and
other utilities as well as many inci-
dental expenses which the home
buyer discovers he must also meet
in order to make the house he
bought a real home for his family.
As we have shown before, labor
accounts for only 29.5 per cent of
the actual price of the house itself.
We have also shown that the cost of
the house is only about a third of
the total cost of home ownership.
By the same token, the cost of the
house is only a third of the average
monthly payment the home buyer
must make. Actually, therefore, the
cost of building labor is less than
10 per cent of the cost of home pur-
chase. Less than ten cents of every
THE CARPENTER
home-buyer's dollar goes to the
building; worker. Clearly, a reduc-
tion in this amount would not really
help the home buyer.
Cutting wages of construction
workers would save the home buyer
very little, but it would curtail the
market of the producers of all kinds
of goods.
Building workers have always
been a major part of America's in-
dustrial labor force. In the post-
war years, when construction will
pace all other activity in our econ-
omy, the wages of building workers
will play a strategic part. The wages
a worker earns are his livelihood
and the sole means of support of
his family. The income of workers
in a major industry such as building
determines the well-being of every
other worker, in every industry and
in every shop.
Following the collapse of the con-
struction industry after 1926, it be-
came clear that we cannot have full
and stable employment in the rest of
our economy if we do not have it in
the strategic construction industry.
The key to full employment —
full-time work the year round, year
in and year out — lies in our achiev-
ing and maintaining a high and sta-
ble level of activity in the construc-
tion industry. In housing, a "high"
level of building means at least 1,-
500,000 new homes every year. One
million and a half new homes, com-
pared with the average of 700,000
new urban dwelling units maintain-
ed in the 1920's and the average of
only 270,000 units achieved in the
1930's. It's a high goal, but one we
can and must achieve. We must
achieve it if the construction indus-
try is to make its full contribution
to an economy of full production,
full employment and high national
income. We can achieve this goal
through the comprehensive housing
embodied in the General Housing
Bill, S. 1592.
S. 1592 attacks our housing prob-
lems where the attack is effective. It
provides the only cure for the hous-
ing shortage we have accumulated
over a period of many years. That
cure is to bring the purchase of a
new, privately built home within the
financial reach of the American fam-
ily. For the low-income families
who cannot afford new homes pro-
vided by private enterprise, there
must be low-rent housing, with pub-
lic aid when necessary. Clearly,
only a comprehensive program,
combining different methods, can
meet the specific needs of every
family.
The vast majority of American
families, both on the farm and in
the city, could afford the homes that
private enterprise builds if the costs
were reduced. The main saving to
home buyers must come through a
reduction in the monthly mortgage
payments. That is why S. 1592
places its major attack here. The
bill modifies and improves the FHA
system of mortgage insurance by re-
ducing the cash down payment to
five per cent, by lowering the inter-
est rate to four per cent and extend-
ing the period of amortization to
thirty-two years. This alone means
a saving of between 10 and 15 per
cent in the monthly payments on a
home.
The first essential reduction
will carry further reductions with
it. By lowering the monthly pay-
ments, private builders will price
themselves into the mass market of
families of moderate means. Build-
ing more houses will bring econ-
omies and lower costs. No longer
will private builders build only for
the relatively few well-to-do; they
will build new homes for millions
of families in all income brackets.
THE CARPENTER
9
The General Housing Bill recog-
nizes that we can't meet our housing
goals unless decent wages are paid
to workers building new homes. The
Senate made its position on this
vital question emphatically clear. It
passed, by an overwhelming vote,
the A. F. of L.-sponsored and sup-
ported amendment requiring that
not less than prevailing wages be
paid on all FHA-insured construc-
tion. This requirement has existed
on all public housing since 1937;
it has existed on all large-scale
FHA-insured projects since 1939. It
is time that the requirement to pay
not less than the established wage in
the community be made applicable
to all homes with the aid of federal
mortgage insurance.
Payment of prevailing wages is
essential to protect the home buyer
because it assures good workman-
ship. It has been repeatedly dem-
onstrated that workers who get de-
cent wages achieve the economy of
better performance and better work-
manship.
Those who attack building labor
by urging that the reduction in
housing costs be taken out of the
building workers' pocket know that
they connot make a case without fal-
sifying the facts. Nor do they stop
there in their attack and their false
claims. They allege that it is the
purpose of the building trades to
restrict housing construction by a
variety of means.
The building trades unions are
extending every effort to train
workers in the fastest possible way
to assure enough trained labor to
meet the heavy demands of the
housing emergency. Over 1,600 ap-
prenticeship committees have been
set up jointly by local building
trades unions and employers all
over the country. During the month
of May alone the number of appren-
tices on the active file increased
from 31,000 to over 42,000. The ma-
jority of the men entering appren-
ticeship are veterans. And more
than half are receiving credit for
experience while in the armed serv-
ices or for previous apprenticeship
training.
The number of men receiving ap-
prentice training is being increased
still more by increasing the ratio of
apprentices to journeymen. In a
number of communities the ratio is
now one to three rather than the
one to ten ratio prevailing before
the war. In other communities,
joint committees have arranged to
use school facilities to speed train-
ing- by supplementing the on-the-
job experience with classroom work.
The biggest barrier to accelerating
this necessary training even more
is the lack of materials, which is
holding down the volume of avail-
able work. To give workers prac-
tical training, enough work must be
available. New workers cannot be
trained when even the experienced
workers, who must train them, can-
not find jobs because of the shortage
of materials.
The price of housing will remain
high, too high for the vast majority
of Americans, until we build enough
homes to meet the need of every
family.
That need will not be met until
new homes are built of the right
type and at the right price to fit
every pocketbook.
The cost of housing today is too
high.
The high housing costs of today
are largely a result of the shortages
of yesterday.
We will not build new homes to
match the pocketbook of the wage-
earner's family if we rob that poc-
ketbook by reducing wages.
-5 IP
IT'S THAT MAN AGAIN
After a day spent at the beach, our
old friend and philosopher, Joe Paup,
turned to poetry to express his reactions.
His world-shaking epic runs as follows:
Girls when they went out to swim,
Once dressed like Mother Hubbard
Now they have a bolder whim —
And dress more like her cupboard.
• • •
SURE CURE
We see by the papers there is soon
going to be another big meeting to take
up the juvenile delinquency problem.
We think a certain actress ought to be
there. This gal says she owes most of
her success to her mother. "Mom," she
says, "was the first person to give her
little girl a great big hand."
And if that isn't the answer to ju-
venile delinquency we're daffy.
• • •
SOUND NATURAL?
"Say, Jim, what d'ya say we get our
wives together tonight and have a big
time?"
"Okay, Joe. Where'U we leave
them?"
Please ! That's no way to leave my
store just because you think prices are
high.
NEVER SATISFIED
Well, the Hobbs Bill is signed, sealed,
delivered and written into the laws of
the land. But are the foes of labor satis-
fied? Heck, no. That was just a feeler.
Now they want a bill that really ham-
strings the unions. Of course, they'll
tell you, they BELIEVE in unions. All
they want to do is make the unions run
their business they way THEY, think it
ought to be run. And in this connection
they remind us of the story of the
smart young guy who went into his
father's business.
The junior partner made a visit to
a distant branch office and was giving
his father a full account.
"The manager there," he said, "is apt
to take too much on himself. I gave
him plainly to understand he must get
authority from here instead of acting
too much on his own."
"Yes," replied the senior partner dry-
ly, "so I gather. Here's a telegram from
him."
The telegram read: "Office on fire.
Please wire instructions."
And that's about the way these
"friends" of labor want to have the la-
bor movement tied up, so it has to ask
for instructions before it can even put
out a fire.
* • •
LOYAL TO "THE HOUSE"
A member of the National House of
Representatives was awakened by his
wife one night with: "John, there are
burglars in the house!"
"You must be mistaken, my dear,"
replied the solon sleepily. "There may
be a few in the Senate, but in the House
— the idea is preposterous."
• • •
ANOTHER PAUP POP-OFF
After sitting hatless in the mid-sum-
mer sun for several hours, our old
friend JOe Paup gave to posterity the
following little gem:
"Chasing women is all right; it's the
catching up with them that leads to
all the trouble."
THE CARPENTER
11
TOO MUCH DISHWATER
Three American GI's stationed in Li-
beria found the cost of labor so cheap
that they could afford to hire one of
the natives as sort of all-around helper
in the kitchen where they worked. It
helped ease the load when the sergeant
wasn't around. As they got more and
more leisure as a result of the native's
aid, they started playing practical jokes
on the Liberian.
Once they filled his hat with flour.
Another time they gave him phony
money which he discovered had no
value. The Liberian seemed not to no-
tice the tricks and continued to serve
them without resentment. They got to-
gether, decided he was a good sport
and then told him they would pull no
more tricks.
"No more flour in hat?"
"No."
"No more counterfeit money?"
"No."
The Liberian smiled: "Okay, no more
dishwater in your coffee."
And from where we sit it seems to us
that some employers are now acting like
the Liberian cook. While wages were
controlled they fed us dishwater about
wanting to increase pay rates; but now
that they can do so they are singing a
different tune.
• • *
NO FOOLING
Democracy doesn't depend on what
you think about the country. It depends
on what you do about it.
• • •
SOME REFORM AT LEAST
During recent weeks there seems to
have been some disposition on the part
of the Russians to enter into some open
and aboveboard discussions on world
peace. The change in heart has, been
small indeed, but at least it is a change
from the stand-pat attitude Stalin's
mouthpieces have shown to date. It all
sort of reminds us of the priest who
was held up in a dark alley. When
the victim threw up his hands, the
thug noticed he was a man of the cloth.
Apologetically he withdrew his pistol.
"Excuse me, Father," he said, "I did-
n't mean to hold up a priest but I need
money badly."
The priest apologized too. "I'm sorry
I have no money with me," he said,
"but here, have a cigar."
"No thanks," replied the robber, "I've
given up smoking for Lent."
THE NEW CIVILIZATION
There was a recent comment in a na-
tional magazine holding that it is hard
to be sympathetic with the people on
the Bikini atoll who are being moved
from their islands so America can con-
duct an experiment with atomic bombs.
"These savages," said the magazine
ironically, "have not even learned to
drop things on each other."
This reminds us of another incident
which was supposed to have taken place
while American troops, tanks and flame
throwers were blasting through a South-
ern Pacific island inhabited by cannibals.
Two cannibals, who had fled to the
mountainous hinterland, were talking
about the new civilization which was
being brought to them. Said one of
them:
"The thing that I can't understand
about these civilized people is that they
kill more people than they can eat."
The savages! — The Capital Times.
• • •
NOT SO SILLY
The Army and Navy are now studying
the results of their $70,000,00 Atom
Bomb test in the South Pacific islands.
When we remember how much "viewing
with alarm" and "looking with trepida-
tion" there was back in the depression
years every time some progressive con-
gressman suggested a few millions
ought to be spent to provide jobs, we
wonder where in heck civilization is
headed.
No wonder the S. D. Labor Leader
opines it might be cheaper to drop the
Atom Bomb on the United States and
experiment with inflation on Bikini.
Yes, I know how you feel, Mrs. Smith.
GI's ARE MAKING GOOD
* * *
FROM THE Veterans' Administration comes an encouraging report
of what free men can do in a free economy. All over the nation
veterans with the help of GI loans and lots of ingenuity are making
good in a big way in new business enterprises.
A veteran in Lowry, S. C, last month repaid a G. I. business loan he
obtained nine months ago to buy 2,000 turkey pullets and necessary feed
and equipment. His enterprise showed a large profit.
Three brothers, all veterans, ob
tained a $1,500 business loan to buy
equipment for bituminous road sur-
facing in St. Paul, Minn. Taking
their father into partnership, they
formed a fast-working team capable
of surfacing four driveways a day.
Completing 25 driveways and one
parking lot in three weeks, the vet-
erans claim to be able to increase
their pace and gross $1,000 a week
for the rest of the year.
An ex-sailor received a $3,600 G.
I. loan to purchasee an Andreas
Guarnerius violin to be used with
the Philadelphia Symphony Orches-
tra. A VA representative phoned
Eugene Ormandy, conductor of the
orchestra, to verify the value of the
instrument. "It is a magnificent
violin made almost 300 years ago,"
Mr. Ormandy explained.
A nation-wide shortage of preci-
sion gears prompted a Minneapolis,
Minn., veteran to open a manufac-
turing plant that immediately was
flooded with orders for gears val-
ued at $300,000. The 29-year old
ex-Navy man started business with
$27,000 obtained through G. I. and
Reconstruction Finance Corpora-
tion loans and his own savings. Us-
ing war surplus equipment, the vet-
eran developed a new manufactur-
ing method enabling him to guaran-
tee 100 per cent perfection for every
gear produced.
A former California cowboy who
rode in rodeos throughout America
and Europe capitalized on his know-
ledge of horses upon his discharge
from the Sea Bees. He obtained a
business loan to open a combination
riding academy and school for boys.
His Wildwood Ranch has bridle
paths that run through a state park
of giant redwoods and 53 horses in-
cluding geldings and palominos.
The school, for boys between 12 and
15, concentrates on body-building
and skill-creating subjects such as
horsemanship, handicraft and nature
study.
An ex-Army gunner borrowed
$1,500 under the G. I. Bill to buy a
38-foot lobster boat in Gloucester,
Mass. In addition to lobster fishing,
he charters his boat for fishing par-
ties during the summer.
The exterminating business at-
tracted three Denver, Colo., vet-
erans, two of them disabled. With
the help of a G. I. loan, they began
on a small scale, exterminating
cockroaches and termites in build-
ings. To increase profits, they turn-
ed to the dairy industry, eradicating
pests in barns, granaries and corn
cribs. They bought an airplane to
spray fields and swamps, and intend
to learn to fly under the VA flying
training program.
An ex-serviceman who escaped
unwounded from numerous straf-
ings in Sicily and Italy borrowed
$4,000 to open a small grocery in
Lexington, Ky. During his first
morning in business, cash on hand
THE CARPENTER
13
was 90c. His net profits mounted
until now they vary from $180 to
$200 a month.
One of the smallest G. I. loans
recorded, $28.74, was granted a vet-
eran farmer in Arkansas for the
purchase of a harrow. It was ur-
gently needed to save a valuable
crop.
A veteran in Kansas City, Mo.,
opened an export-import business
with the help of a G. I. loan. As
his representative in Italy, he chose
his former first sergeant.
A Spartanburg, S. C., veteran ob-
tained a $4,000 G. I. business loan to
establish a diaper service.
Help wanted advertisements in
Dallas. Texas papers furnished an
idea to a Texas veteran and his wife.
They secured a G. I. loan to form
Business Service, Inc., supplying
secretarial and office help to small
concerns requiring part-time assist-
ance.
A Maryland veteran who learned
to dive in the Navy used a G. I.
loan to purchase diving equipment
for local salvage work. Operating
in the Baltimore harbor, he inspects,
patches and repairs under-water
cables on a contract basis.
A former colonel and sergeant
forgot all about rank after their dis-
charges, obtained a G. I. loan, and
opened a gunsmith firm in Boston,
Mass. Both ex-ordnance men, they
put the knowledge acquired in the
service to use, repairing and re-
building guns of every description.
Over 16,000 veterans have dis-
played American ingenuity typified
by these cases by using nearly $48,-
000,000 of G. I. business loans for
ventures ranging from tool repair-
ing to sheep raising.
The majority of veterans went
into business on a modest scale, with
loans averaging $2,941 each. VA
guaranteed or insured about $1,259
of the average loan.
The failure rate of G. I. business
enterprises has been slight. Only
eight-tenths of one per cent of vet-
erans receiving business loans failed
to meet payments, causing the Fed-
eral Government to pay $112,049 to
lending agencies.
Death Calls Brother Tom Moore
Canada lost one of its truly great labor leaders last month when death
called Brother Tom Moore at the age of sixty-seven. For twenty-five
years Brother Moore, a long and faithful member of our Brotherhood,
served as president of the Canadian Trades and Labor Congress. Four
years ago ill-health made it mandatory for him to retire but during these
last years he followed the activities and progress of the labor movement
as keenly as he did during the years he was playing a prominent part in it.
Mr. Moore was a native of Leeds, England, settled in Niagara Falls in
1909. He joined the United Brotherhood of Carpenters there in 1906 and
served in many capacities until moving to Ottawa in 1919. He represented
Canadian labor at Conferences at London, Geneva, Washington, Amster-
dam and Kyoto, Japan, and for several years served on the governing body,
of the International Labor Organization.
At the Twenty-fifth General Convention of our Brotherhood a motion
was unanimously adopted that a message of good wishes for a speedy
recovery be sent Brother Moore who in past years attended many such
conventions as a delegate. Such a message was sent a few weeks before his
passing. ^
Throughout the labor movements of the United States and Canada the
passing of Brother Moore is sincerely mourned.
14
Keep Collective Bargaining
By Senator Robert M. La Follette, Jr.
• • *
INDUSTRIALISTS should recognize that it is good business to give
their workers decent standards of living. The prosperity of industry,
and that of farmers and service groups as well, depends largely on
the prosperity of the worker. Labor is part of the mass market on which
mass production depends. Farm prices and farm income are paid largely
out of labor's share of industrial income. Historically, American industry
has prospered when labor made its gains. Increased purchasing power,
often very reluctantly given or wrested from industry, has been the life
blood of our economic system.
Far-sighted management realizes that the greatest untapped market in
the world is right here in this country among those who now have bare
subsistence purchasing power. Give
them a chance to increase their
standard of living and you automat-
ically shift our economic machine
into high gear.
It is frequently argued that those
industries which pay more than a
bare subsistence have discharged all
their responsibilities toward labor
and society — that demands for high-
er wages or lower prices in these
industries are not justified. Such an
argument might be true in a static
economy. It doesn't hold water in
an expanding economy.
The entire industrial history of
our country attests to the fact that
industry can raise wages and can
lower unit prices and still make
good profits.
It should be conceded that this
very general analysis is not the
complete picture of our present eco-
nomic situation. There would have
been fewer strikes since V-J Day
had the President and other admin-
istration spokesmen laid down a
definite blueprint with respect to
wages and prices, instead of trying
to mollify both sides with an in-
definite and vacillating policy.
In addition, several unusual tem-
porary economic factors are highly
important. First of all, a tremen-
dous backlog of demand exists for
many industrial products. Second,
strong inflationary tendencies are
lurking in the economy. Third, the
necessity for the continuance of
many governmental economic con-
trols impairs the operation of cer-
tain checks and balances in collec-
tive bargaining. Fourth, the eco-
nomic road ahead, after complete
reconversion, is still uncertain.
Several facts stand out clearly in
this confused picture. Many indus-
tries are assured of a market for
everything they can possibly make
the next few years. In many cases
it means lowered costs that should
be reflected in higher wages and
lower prices. Many industries have
already benefited substantially by
reduced average unit labor cost due
to the reduction of overtime costs.
In those industries that cannot
actually effect operating economies
under these conditions, and where
labor is working for wages that do
not permit an adequate standard of
THE CARPENTER
15
living-, now is the time to raise
those wages, even if some price in-
creases are necessary. Never will
these industries be in a more favor-
able position to absorb increases. If
this is not done, the effect will be
to impose substandard conditions
not only for the present, but for a
long indeterminate period. All too
often in a glutted labor market it is
the industry with the marginal wage
that sets the industrial standard.
When the initial backlog of de-
mand is satisfied, there must be a
continuing high-level demand. That
can be assured only with a high
level of purchasing power, gradu-
ally built up with an increase in real
wages.
These and similar problems are
the complex issues behind the labor
scene. It is clearly apparent that
restrictive labor measures are not
the answer. Curtailment of labor's
rights can only bring bitterness and
discontent. The logical conclusion
of such repressive measures is to
abolish entirely the right to strike
and the right to peaceful picketing.
These are fundamental rights which
stem from the Constitution.
I cannot emphasize this too
strongly : this approach is the meth-
od of totalitarianism. The destruc-
tion of a free and strong labor
movement was the first step in the
subversion of the rights and liber-
ties of all segments of the popula-
tion. When total control was achiev-
ed, the status of labor, and in fact
all culture, reverted to barbarism,
including the exist-for-work theory
of economics. This method to se-
cure production is irreconcilable
with democracy and freedom.
Punitive legislation against labor,
or any group in society, inevitably
entails the loss of freedom for all.
Labor's basic rights are indivisible
with other basic rights. Strike down
the rights of labor and you have
struck a major blow in wrecking the
freedom of speech, and all other lib-
erties that we cherish. It is part
of the same pattern. It is part of
the same freedom.
The serious situation we face to-
day calls for a delicate operation on
the ills of our economy — not a hap-
hazard swinging of the meat axe
and bludgeon. A labor strike is a
symptom of industrial illness. Too
many people are concerned with the
symptoms.
The constructive approach to this
critical problem is in the opposite
direction. The only real answer is
full and free collective bargaining,
in an atmosphere permeated with
mutual confidence, instead of mis-
trust. The spotlight of public opin-
ion must be turned on those who re-
fuse to bargain in good faith.
The conciliation and mediation
services of the government must be
strengthened. The use of voluntary
mediation and arbitration must be
encouraged. Such provisions writ-
ten into a voluntary collective
agreement will afford protection
against work stoppages. Compul-
sory methods usually defeat them-
selves because they do not remove
the friction and bitterness that must
be resolved before a satisfactory
employer-employee relationship can
be had. Cooling-off periods are un-
satisfactory because they can easily
become heating-up periods or mere-
ly stalling-off periods.
In the most destructive war in
history we proved that free men
could outfight and outproduce na-
tions governed by totalitarian states.
We now have the opportunity to
prove to the world that free men
living in a democracy can have eco-
nomic opportunity for a high stand-
ard of living without surrendering
their fundamental rights.
Editorial
It Pays to Organize
The last vestiges of slavery in the United States seem to be on their
way out. Throughout the land there is a slow but certain rebellion de-
veloping among the baseball players in the organized leagues. After fifty
years of being bulldozed, exploited and traded and sold like cattle, ball
players are finally waking up to the fact that American freedom extends
to all classes and all creeds. Like many other exploited workers, they
are coming to realize that their only sure road to economic freedom and
justice is organization.
It is surprising that in a country as enlightened as America a form of
virtual slavery has been able to exist for so many years. Year after year,
highly-skilled, sturdy young ball players have bowed to iron-clad domina-
tion by the monied interests which owned them as surely as the plantation
owners of the south ever owned their slaves. Either they conformed with
the wishes of their owners or they faced banishment from the game.
They had no alternative or chance to bargain for their services. They
accepted the terms offered by their owners or they gave up the right to
play in organized baseball, a closed shop arrangement unparalleled in any
other phase of American life, including organized labor. Ususally the
owners of highly valuable baseball skill had no other means of earning a
decent livelihood. So they invariably made the best bargain they could
under a system which gave them no latitude or basis for bargaining effec-
tively.
Under the "reserve clause" feature which has long been part and parcel
of baseball contracts, the player is indentured to a club for as long as he
remains in the game. The club can sell the player or trade him like a piece
of livestock. The player's wishes are immaterial. Imagine what that
means to the player. It's as if a carpenter became the property of the
first contractor he went to work for. He would have to work for that one
contractor as long as he followed the trade unless the contractor chose to
sell him or trade him. It's not hard to imagine what kind of wages would
prevail in the industry if every carpenter had to work for one contractor
only or get out of the trade. Well that's the sort of thing ball players
have had to contend with for years.
In fairness to the baseball moguls it ought to be pointed out that most
clubs pay reasonably good salaries. Some, however, take full advantage
of the unlimited power that is theirs under the "reserve clause." They
exploit their players to the limit and there is little the players can do
about it. No wonder players are turning to organization for a way out.
This year has seen dozens of top-flight players desert American base-
ball to play in a Mexican league. Of course the idea that they should have
nerve enough to quit American baseball and move into the Mexican league
where they can get what they are worth is anathema to American club
THE CARPENTER 17
owners. It worries them no end. Yet the Mexican league for the first
time in history has given players a chance to dicker for their services
and really get what they are worth. Naturally these men who slipped
out from under the indenture clauses in our baseball leagues are forever
barred from playing in organized American baseball again. But at least
they are now for the first time in history getting all they can sell their
services for in a competitive market.
Don't get us wrong; we're not against baseball. It's a fine game and
one we must keep. Millions of people enjoy it thoroughly and we're one
of them. But it seems about time the men who play it, the men who make
it great, got a decent break. For years the club owners have tried to wrap
a sort of patriotic aura around the game. They have tried to make it. a
sort of historic American tradition on a par with the constitution. And
all the time it has been a money-grubbing proposition with them. They
have squeezed it for every nickel there was in it, and nuts to the players
and everybody else.
It took a long time, but at last the players are waking up to the fact that
organization offers the only sure road to economic justice. And that is
something other exploited groups are finding out too.
The Day of Awakening
It has been no secret to anyone that some fine day a showdown would
have to develop in the CIO between those who believe in straight, honest-
to-God unionism and those who believe in ideologies imported from
Russia. That that day is now close at hand seems logical in view of re-
cent developments. Recently Morris Muster, a New Yorker who helped
to organize the CIO Furniture workers in 1937 and who has been its inter-
national president ever since, threw in the sponge. He resigned because,
as he says, "my record as a trade unionist will not permit me to remain
head of a Communist-controled organization."
The membership of Munster's union is estimated at around 42,000. Of
this number he says that not more than 1,000 are Communists. Yet at the
union's recent convention the Communist elements took over lock, stock
and barrel. Through chicanery and intrigue this vociferous minority im-
posed its will upon the majority. As Munster put it, these individuals,
like Communists everywhere, are professional politicians first and trade
unionists only incidentally. By their plotting and scheming a handful
of delegates who never saw the inside of a furniture factory defeated the
will of the majority and placed themselves in complete command. By
this action they actually placed the CIO furniture workers in the same
category with most of the other CIO internationals which have long been
under complete and airtight control of a Communist clique.
Indications are that the CIO rank and file is getting pretty fed up
with domination piped direct from Moscow. The rebellion of Munster
and others in the furniture workers is only one straw in the wind. A half
dozen other international unions are seething under their Communist
yokes. Most of them have petitioned CIO president Murray for help in
getting rid of Communist hierarchies that have been in the saddle.
18 THE CARPENTER
And any way you look at it is high time the rank and filers in the dual
organization make up their minds which road they are going to travel.
They can travel down the road of good, sound unionism followed by the
AFI.. or they can choose to follow the erratic, underhanded, ignominious
roadway Communism has been building in this nation. The AFL way
they can head toward prosperity, security and peace. The Commy way
they can walk straight into misery, turmoil, privation and strife — the
things the Reds promote incessantly to swell their ranks with new recruits.
By now it should be evident to everyone that the Commies' chief purposes
are to attack the government of this nation, extol the virtues of Russia
(which they themselves avoid like the plague), and keep alive and intensify
industrial strife throughout our economy.
Under a free system we made ourselves the greatest nation in the
world. We elevated our working condition, raised our wages, and im-
proved our living standards to a degree no one would have thought pos-
sible even twenty years ago. With free unions and free enterprise under
a democratic system we can go even farther in the next twenty years than
we went in the last.
But the Commies want none of this. They want turmoil and strife and
uncertainty. They feed on the misery of the people and recruit their
victims from among the beaten down and hopeless. Munster found that
out in the CIO Furniture Workers. While it took him a long time to
learn the facts of life, he seems to have learned them at last. He hits
the nail on the head when he says:
"Those people are dangerously vicious. They are not in the union to
help workers. Anyone who goes along with them on the theory that that
is the liberal thing to do is a fool. I know, because I have been one. It is
better to rid the labor movement entirely of these people. They are no
good to anyone but Uncle Joe."
■ *
A Gestapo Device
For the past several months a Senate investigating committee has been
digging into a smelly affair involving several companies which received
huge contracts during the war. What it has uncovered up to the time
of this writing is enough to give an honest man nausea. A couple of
promoters started out with a printed letterhead for which they paid some
printer a couple of dollars and wound up with almost $80,000,000 in the
taxpayers money for munitions contracts. And for some inexplicable
reason (he says it wasn't money) a Congressman from Kentucky acted as
a sort of guardian angel for the deal throughout the war years. It's all a
stinking mess and there are probably a lot more of the same to come.
One of the alarming things uncovered by this war contract investiga-
tion is the extensive use which the Army, the Navy and many Washington
agencies are making of wire-tapping devices. These devices are recording
machines that are attached to telephones. When some one calls up the
machines are switched on and a recording is made of the conversation. It
seems many Washington offices have been using these spying machines for
a long time.
From where we sit it looks as though the time has arrived when the
problem of wire-tapping must be settled once and for all time. At
THE CAR'PENTER 19
various times the FBI has resorted to wire-tapping- to catch crooks —
especially during prohibition. If we remember correctly the courts called
such procedure illegal after Congress passed an act covering such prac-
tices. Yet today the government itself is apparently using the snooping
devices extensively. However noble the supposed purpose for installing
these devices mav be, we consider them a dangerous and distinct threat
to privacy which the constitution guarantees every citizen. It's time these
snooping devices were made illegal.
It is not the government alone that is using these infernal machines.
One company alone has installed nearly 7,000 for commercial users with-
out any sort of sales promotion: So from now on }^ou will never be
sure whether the person you are calling is having a record made of your
conversation or not. You won't be able to discuss anything confidential.
You won't be able to talk freely. And certainly you won't be able to de-
pend on the phone for anything you wouldn't care to see printed in the
newspapers.
Wire-tapping devices smack of Hitlerism and the Gestapo. They
have no place in a democracy. It's high time it was made a crime not
only to use them but to manufacture them as well.
Civilization Hanging in the Balance
Late last month the Allied Nations undertook the tremendous task of
writing the peace which will officially close World War II. For the
second time in a generation diplomats will endeavor to dispense justice
and security to all people and all nations. It is a gigantic undertaking.
Will they be able to succeed this time where they failed before? No one
knows. But everyone knows that if they fail this time civilization is on its
way out. Our own civilization will follow Greece, Rome, China, and
the host of other enlightened eras that flourished for a day in all their
glory and splendor only to sink into oblivion and decay.
Now as throughout all other periods of history, the little people of
the world are not mad at anybody. All they are interested in individually
is having and holding a job that provides a decent living standard, a
chance to raise a family in decent surrounding, and an opportunity to
live a useful, busy life. The aspirations of Joe Doakes, American, are
little different from those of Harry Limehouse, Englishman, or Otto
Kraut, German. It's somewhere in the uppercrusts that the differences
that lead to war arise. And invariably it's the little guys who wind up
beating each others brains out.
Of course the Garrsons' and Mays' of the world need a war to enable
them to make millions of dollars overnight. From the earliest times
there were always those who waxed fat on the misery and privation of
others. Probably it will always be thus. But speaking for the little
people of this nation there is one thing we would like to point out. Mod-
ern warfare has become so destructive nobody can win anymore. There
is no situation worth sacrificing this nation and all its people for. Yet if
another war arises and atomic weapons come into use, our cities and all
their inhabitants are doomed. Let those who are sitting in the peace con-
ference ponder on that for awhile.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Qinbeal Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HDTCHBSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HDTCHBSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Secretary
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr. Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
HI E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
3684 W. 136th St., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
1182 St. Lawrence, Rm. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
Convention Call — Canadian Trades and Labor Congress
In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution you are hereby
informed that the Sixty-first Annual Convention of the Trades and
Labor Congress of Canada will be held in the Windsor Armories, Windsor,
Ontario, beginning at 10 a.m. (City Time) Wednesday, September 18th,
1946, and continuing daily until the business of the Convention has been
completed.
With a victorious end of World War II it is now possible for the
Trades and Labor Congress of Canada to hold its first peace-time Conven-
tion since 1938. In 1945 it was impossible to hold a Convention due to
Government restrictions regarding traveling; therefore, many urgent
problems were left in abeyance and must be dealt with this year.
NEW CHARTERS ISSUED
2548
2240
2243
2562
2568
2249
2251
2577
2578
Enterprise, Ore.
Burlington, N. C.
Durango, Colo.
Stayton, Ore.
Edmonton, Alta., Can.
Columbus, Ohio
Palmer, Alaska
Espanola, N. Mex.
North Bay, Out., Can.
2613 Windsor, Ont., Can.
2616 El Centro, Calif.
2252 Ottawa, Ont., Can.
2579 Areata, Calif.
22 62 Spruce Pine, N. C.
2 26 6 Chatham, Ont., Can.
262 5 Victoria, B. C, Can.
263 0 Seattle, Wash.
31
tmtfv tant
Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
t&i in U^axs
The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.
Brother FRED ANDERSON, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother ROBERT E. BARTON, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Cal.
Brother EARNEST BEAN, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother HARRY BECKER, Local No. 133, Terre Haute, Ind.
Brother HARRY BINGHAM, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother PHILIP BISSETTE, Local No. 490, Passaic, N. J.
Brother FLOYD C. BURDICK, Local No. 1765, Orlando, Fla.
Brother OLIVA BURGOIN, Local No. 94, Providence, R. I.
Brother T. M. COLLIER, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.
Brother HARRY DEATHRAGE, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother WM. DECKER, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother JACK O. EBY, Local No. 1849, Pasco, Wash.
Brother W. S. FERGUSON, Local No. 213, Houston, Tex.
Brother JESSE FITE, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother C. A. FOWLER, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.
Brother JOHN H. HENHOEFFER, Local No. 122, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother J. M. HERNDON, Local No. 1849, Pasco, Wash.
Brother EDWARD C. JOHNSON, Local No. 122, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother HENRY LAMPE, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.
Brother W. E. LOGAN, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother FRANK MAREK, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother JOE A. McCORD, Local No. 1497, E. Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother HARRY McGOWAN, Local No. 1849, Pasco, Wash.
Brother WM. S. MUNROE, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.
Brother W. C. NOWLIN, Local No. 213, Houston, Tex.
Brother CHAS. PAGE, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother WESLEY W. RAPPE, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.
Brother D. E. ROARK, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother C. ROMANELLO, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother HARRY S. SCHMID, Local No. 122, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother WM. J. SMITH, Local No. 378, Edwardsville, 111.
Brother WESTLEY L. SMITH, Local No. 1419, Johnstown, Pa.
Brother NOLAND STRINGFIELD, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother CHARLES STROBLE, Local No. 1225, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Brother RAY TROUTMAN, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother JOSEPH VERDERBER, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother WILLIAM P. WERNER, Local No. 378, Edwardsville, 111.
Brother RUDOLFO ZILLI, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother LAWRENCE ZIMMERMAN, Local No. 2871, Poison, Mont.
CorrosponcbncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
Local Union No. 141 Honors Two Old Timers
The Editor:
On Tuesday, July 2, 1946, Local Union No. 141, Chicago, 111., met in its
hall at 7427-29 So. Chicago Ave., to honor two 60-year continuous members
and install the local officers.
Brother Peter E. Carlson born January 6, 1858, joined Local. Union
No. 162, Chicago, Illinois, April 12, 1886. Brother Chas. Swensen born
July 22, i860, joined Local Union No. 162, Chicago, Illinois, May 12, 1886.
Local No. 162 and Local No. 28 later consolidated and formed Local No. 10
in 1895. Brother's Carlson and Swensen then transferred from Local No.
10 in the early 1900's to Local Union No. 141 where they have been in
continuous good standing ever since. Local Union No. 141 was chartered
November 17, ic
Brother George Ottens, general . representative, acted as master of
ceremonies. He presented gold service pins from the General Office en-
graved for 60 years' service, and a token from the Local Union to each of
these brothers. Brother Ottens praised the loyalty of these two old
timers and pointed out that with this same loyalty to principles and to our
organization from our members today our Brotherhood can't help but
advance.
Brothers Carlson and Swensen both responded and we in turn gave
them an ovation. Both of these brothers are mentally alert and in very
good physical condition which again proves the old adage that hard work
won't hurt you.
The Woodlawn Commandery Band which uses our hall for rehearsals
graciously donated their time and came over thirty strong and played
some stirring marches.
The following officers were installed by Brother Ottens: Stanley L.
Johnson, Pres.; Leon D. Druse, Vice Pres.; Matt Hellman, Rec. Sec'y;
George Vest, Fin. Sec'y; H. C. Schriner, Treas. ; Arthur J. Casson, Con-
ductor; Frank Hawkins, Warden; Edw. H. Nielsen, Trustee. The two
other trustees are Elmer Johnson, and Oscar Anderson, and Stanley L.
Johnson is Business Agent.
At the conclusion refreshments were served and we feel a memorable
and enjoyable evening was had by all present.
Fraternally yours,
Matt Hellman, Rec. Sec, L. U. No. 141.
THE CARPENTER
Father Obligates Son
23
>_ J-
On May 2, 191 1, Brother John Jar-
vis was obligated into Local No.
734 of Kokomo, Indiana. Thirty-five
years later, Brother Jarvis was obli-
gating his own son into the same
local. Pictured herewith is Brother
Jarvis giving the obligation to his
son, Don Jarvis, on April 24, 1946,
during a meeting of the Local Union.
Congratulations to the new father
and son team.
Kentucky Members Attend Labor School
Attending the recent two-week Kentucky Labor School at Richmond,
Kentucky, were ten members of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners AFL. They are Charles Bratcher, Weaver Freeman, Frank
Dixon, Paul McAvoy and Irvin Voit of Local Union No. 64; Archie K.
Fleming and Ira G. Thompson of Local Union No. 442; William Beller of
No. 2866 and Gerald Weikel of 2959, and Jerry Bevins of No. 661. Repre-
senting their locals, the delegates were from Louisville, Hopkinsville,
Owensboro and Beutchel, Kentucky.
The School, first of its kind to be held by any state federation of labor,
took place on the campus of Eastern State Teachers' College, chosen be-
cause of its convenient location and excellent facilities for study and
recreation. Forty students from fifteen AFL unions in eight Kentucky
cities attended. Included in the faculty were several college professors
and representatives of the AFL and Department of Labor.
Students spend about six hours a day in class, learning such subjects as
labor history, labor economics, collective bargaining, public speaking and
parliamentary law. There were also lectures by several guest speakers,
including L. C. Willis, director of the Kentucky Department of Indus-
trial Relations. At a special Saturday night meeting, Dr. M. D. Peterson
of Oak Ridge addressed the School and members of the Richmond com-
munity on the implications of atomic energy.
The School is a project of the pioneering Kentucky Federation of
Labor's Department of Research and Education, set up last January under
the directorship of Mrs. Frances Kauffman of Louisville. Speaking of the
vSchool and of the educational program as a whole, Federation Secretary-
Treasurer Edward H. Weyler explained that the purpose was to train
workers for leadership both in their union and in the community, so that
labor can assume its rightful duties and responsibilities to its membership
and to the nation.
Jacksonville Ladies on the Move
The Editor:
Ladies Auxiliary 297 in Jacksonville, Fla., is on the move. We read in
The Carpenter what other Auxiliaries are doing so we are going to tell
you what we are doing. We are steadily growing. We have 35 members
in good standing and we meet the second and fourth Tuesday nights in
the Carpenters' Building. We all have a nice time together. We have a
sick committee and when any member is reported sick a potted plant is sent
to her. We buy a large duck with a flower already growing. If the
family needs a cash donation we see to that also. We have a can a week
fund for the food drive for Europe. Any member can bring more than
one of any kind of food, the more the merrier. We have quite a supply
on hand.
We hold bunco parties and the proceeds go in the bank for donations
for the sick or needy.
On July 1st a joint installation of officers of Carpenters Local 627 and
Auxiliary Local 297 was held, after which a ball was given for the car-
penters and their families. A large crowd attended. Dancing was from
9:00 to 1 :oo A.M. and free refreshments were served throughout the eve-
ning; beer, potato chips, soft drinks, ice cream and cakes. Everyone had
a lovely time and plenty to eat.
We have a lovely dance floor, air conditioned for comfort. We have
dances three nights a week, the proceeds being divided between the Car-
penters' Local and Ladies' Auxiliary.
We will be glad to have any lady visit us on our meeting night from
any other Auxiliary if she is visiting our fair city.
Florida is a wonderful place so come down and see us.
Respectfully, Mrs. Pearl Williams.
Hermiston Ladies Sponsor Picnic
The Editor:
Greetings to all sister organizations from Auxiliary Local No. 429 of
Hermiston, Ore. We are not closing for the summer but intend to con-
tinue our meetings on the first and third Tuesdays of each month.
We have scheduled a picnic for July 28th at the Columbia Park for the
Carpenters and their families. Each Carpenter is invited to bring a guest.
Each family will provide its own basket lunch and our Auxiliary Local
will furnish soft drinks and ice cream.
All in all, we are looking forward to a busy and constructive summer.
Fraternally yours,
Florence Russel, Rec. Sec.
THE CARP'ENTER
25
Los Angeles Ladies Celebrate 25th Birthday
The Editor:
Greetings to all sister auxiliaries from the ladies of Auxiliary No. 62,
Los Angeles, Calif. Although it has been some time since we had an
article in our magazine, we all look forward to getting it each month and
eagerly peruse the contents. We, like our sister auxiliaries, were very-
busy all through the war years. We are still carrying on through an A.
F. of L. organization of the various craft auxiliaries united to sew, knit
and work for our wounded service men in the hospitals here at home and
any family of our service men needing aid. Several of our own auxiliary
members hold office in this organization. One of our past presidents,
Sister Brown, gave her two sons for the cause of freedom but carried on
bravely doing more than her share of service for the boys.
February 14th we celebrated our twenty-fifth birthday with a dance and
card party and open house to all southern California Auxiliaries and
their husbands. We served a lovely birthday cake and buffet supper.
Our only charter member and treasurer twenty years, Sister Mabel
Schmidt, was presented with a twenty-five year pin. Sister Grace Jared,
our recording secretary, must also be credited with a long and faithful
service. We have had several members with us 20 and 23 years. Last Christ-
mas we served a turkey dinner to our members and their families. We
meet the same night our husbands do and our first meeting night we serve
refreshments and invite our husbands to partake. We have a pot-luck
supper every three months with cake for the members having a birthday
in the 3 months, then visit and play games while our husbands attend
their meeting. We have $1000.00 invested in war bonds.
Let's all get busy and convince more of these carpenters' wives they
are needed in the auxiliaries to have a good time, learn more about organ-
ized labor, and see that their husbands are more interested in their local
meetings.
Sisters from any auxiliary will be welcome to meet with us anytime.
Fraternally,
May Arnold, President.
Craft Probloms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 215
In America the word "joinery" is rare-
ly used by carpenters, even by those who
specialize in the work that properly
could be called by that name. We can-
not recall ever having heard the word
"joiner" used on the job, with refer-
ence to a carpenter doing joinery; how-
ever, there might be localities where
the word has a practical usage. The
finisher is the joiner of today, and
finishing is the word that is used in-
stead of joinery. The reason for the
change from joinery to finishing and
from joiner to finisher, we believe, is
due to the advent of power-driven ma-
chinery in the building industry. The
Fig. 1
field carpenter seldom, if ever, is called
upon to make window sash or panel
doors for a house. He might get to
make small panel doors for built-in fix-
tures, but even these are practically all
made by the mills, or else the material
is gotten out by a power-driven ma-
chine on the job and the carpenter puts
it together and installs it. Those things
and similar other things, when they
Fig. 2
were made in a carpenter shop or on
the job with hand tools, constituted the
principal part of the work done by the
joiner. So it is not strange that the
word joiner is going out of use, and the
word finisher is taking its place.
A mechanic without tools can accom-
plish little in the way of woodwork,
which is equally true in regard to hold-
ing devices, which, of course, are also
tools but in a lesser sense. Perhaps the
oldest of the holding tools, the old-
fashioned bench vise, is shown by Fig.
1, which is a sort of perspective view.
The vise is shown holding a piece of
material, while the bench is shown only
in part.
Fig. 2 is a rough drawing of a port-
able vise clamped to the end of a bench
with a piece of material held in the
jaws. This is perhaps the most practi-
cal vise in use today. It can be carried
in a hand box and used as a bench vise
or a tressel vise, for it is easy to fasten
to a bench or to a saw horse. What
we are showing is more nearly a sym-
bol, for there are different kinds of
such vises on the market, and the me-
chanic should examine the different
makes before selecting one for himself.
THE CARPENTER
27
Fig. 3 shows the old-fashioned boot
jack bench stop, which is shown fasten-
ed to the bench with screws, but the
common practice is to nail the stop to
the bench with finishing nails, setting
the nails so that the plane bit will not
strike them. When screws are used
they should be countersunk. Spurs are
Bench
Fig. 3
usually inserted on the forked ends
somewhat as shown. These are made of
nails with the heads cut off and the
Bench
Fig. 4
point ground to a cone point. To the
upper right the spur is shown in place
and at the bottom the headless nail is
shown ready to be inserted, as indicated
by the arrow.
A self-cleaning bench stop is shown
by Fig. 4. The shaded part is a sort
of wedge with a shoulder, as shown to
Fig. 5
the left, against which the material is
pushed, which automatically clamps it
firmly, as indicated by the dotted lines.
Either nails or screws can be used for
fastening the stop, but nails should be
set and screws countersunk. The same
bench stop is shown by Fig. 5, where
the wedge is separated from the fas-
tened parts. The open part indicated to
the left provides ample space for shav-
ings, chips and the like to pass out, an
advantage that the old-style bench stop
shown by Fig. 3 does not have.
Another bench stop is shown by Fig.
6. This is a ..simple device, and can be
made by the local blacksmith; how-
ever, there are somewhat similar bench
stops that can be obtained on the mar-
ket. The one we are showing, when
not in use, is pushed down so that the
head will be in the housing shown by
the medium shading. The slot into
which the shank is slipped should be
Fig. 6
made so that the friction will hold the
head up when it is in use. When the
friction does not hold the head up, a
little padding should be glued into the
slot to renew the friction.
Two views of an old-fashioned bench
hook are shown by Fig. 7. The top is
an edge view and the bottom is a plan.
Fig. 7
This hook is made by ripping out two
wedge-shaped parts from the sides of a
%-inch piece with the proper width and
length. The length of the hook should
be determined by the material it is to
hold. If it is used for holding stair
stringers while the housing is done, the
hook should be long enough so that the
board will be entirely on the bench and
in the right position for using the
router.
Fig. 8 shows a part of a bench with a
jamb against the bench stop and to the
right it is held by a bench hook, which
is shown heavily shaded. The sawing
and the routing for the groove is done
28
THE CARPENTER
while the jamb is in the position shown.
Sometimes the hook is placed directly
under the groove, but if the end to the
left is held firmly by the bench stop,
the position shown gives just a little
more freedom of action.
When this writer was learning the
trade he looked for a book that cover-
ed the more simple things in carpen-
try; the things that proverbially "every-
body knows," but all he could find was
books dealing with problems on the
architect and foreman levels. The things
that he really wanted to find in a book,
evidently were regarded as unimportant,
and yet those are the very things that
the beginner wants to know and should
know before he goes on with the more
difficult problems that only the experi-
Fig. 8
enced workman ever gets a chance to
solve. It is our contention that once the
apprentice know how to do all of the
simple things about carpentry, he will
have no difficulties in solving the hard
problems. (Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
Wants to Know, II
By H. H. Siegele
The brother who wants information
on how to cope large moldings might
be interested in how to mark the miter
of sprung moldings on the back, and
cut them from the back with a cut-off
saw.
Fig. 1
Fig. 1, to the left, shows a cross sec-
tion of a large molding in place. The
part of the back we are dealing with
here is shown to the right at the bottom,
shaded, and we are looking straight at
it, as indicated by the large arrow to the
left, which points to the bottom of the
cross section. From the starting point
Fig
we make the first mark, as between a
and a, which is a square mark. Now turn
to Fig. 2, where we show a cross sec-
tion to the upper left, and a drawing of
the back, sloping down toward the right.
Here again we are looking straight at
the back, as indicated by the large ar-
row to the left of the cross section. The
Fig. 3
mark that we make here is between a
and a, and the way we arrive at it is by
squaring across the back (the shaded
part) as shown by the dotted line. Then
we measure to the right the distance
of the spring of. the molding, as shown
by the cross section, which is 3 inches.
This gives the second point, and we
mark from a to a. (This marking can
also be done with the steel square, by
taking 3 on the tongue of the square
and 5 on the body, the tongue gives the
cut. Those figures are given with the
cross section at the upper left. The cut
THE CARPENTER
29
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising space in "The Car-
penter," including those stipulated aB non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 32
Greenlee Tool Co., Rocford, III 1
Keuffel & Esser Co., Inc., Hobo-
ken, N. J. 31
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover
A. D. McBurney, Los Angeles,
Cal. 30
Ohlen-Bishop Saw Co., Columbus,
Ohio 31
Paine Company, Chicago, 111 1
Speedway Mfg. Co., Cicero, 111 — 31
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
Johns-Manville, New York, N. Y. 32
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford
City, Ind 4th Cover
Technical Courses and Books
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111 31
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y. 3rd Cover
Mason & Parrish, Engineers,
Kalamazoo, Mich 30
Nelson Co., Chicago, III. 30
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 29
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 32
KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
CARPENTRY, — Has over 300 pages, more than 750
illustrations, covering carpentry from staking out to
fitting and hanging doors. Price. $2.50.
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— This book covers hun-
dreds of practical building problems, has 252 pages and
670 illustrations. Price $2.50.
BUILDING. — This book has 210 pages and 495
illustrations, covering form building, scaffolding, finish-
ing, plans for a house, stair building, roof framing
and other subjects. Price $2.50. (Carpentry. Building
and Quick Construction support each other.)
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry, 64 pages, brown
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PUSHING BUTTONS. — The prose companion of
Twigs of Thought. Illustrated. Cloth. Only $1.00.
Postage prepaid when money accompanies the order.
VZ. H. H. SIEGELE S££™%%
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Books autographed.
is the same as a sheeting or plancher
cut for a hip roof.)
Fig. 3, to the left again shows the
cross section of the molding, and the
arrow shows the direction we are look-
ing at the back. The part below the
cross section that is shaded is what we
are dealing with here. The mark that
we want is between a and a, which is a
true miter, as indicated to the right at
a, where we show a square applied,
using the figures 12 and 12.
With the back of the molding marked
in this way, take a well-sharpened fine
saw and cut the molding from the back
so as to cut away the three marks. If
this is carefully done you will have a
true miter cut.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
«
SHINGLES FOR CONE
Cutting shingles, especially asphalt
shingles, for cone roofs is a simple mat-
Fig. 1
ter. Such shingles can be cut from
slated roll roofing. The radius for de-
scribing the shingles is easily obtained.
Fig. 1 shows an elevation of a cone
roof. The radius for marking the shin-
gles for the first course is the distance
30
THE CARPENTER
between point A and the eave at B.
Such a shingle is shown cut to shape
between 1 and B. The second course,
numbered 2, would have a radius the
Fig. 2
width of the exposure to the weather
shorter than the radius for the first
course. The third course would have
a radius the width of a course shorter
than the radius for the second course,
and so on, each radius being the width
of a course shorter than the radius for
the course before, up to the last course,
which is numbered 12.
Fig. 2 shows a roll of roofing partly
unrolled with a radius pole in place
for marking the shingle. To the right
the marked shingle is shown shaded.
Fig. 3 shows the same roll of roofing,
but here the shingles are cut in longer
strips and a little narrower. The pivot
of the radius pole in this case is on one
side of the strip and not at the center,
as in the other case. The narrow long
shingles are suitable for rather steep
roofs which do not need much lap.
When the lap is narrow, it should be
sealed with asphalt cement, and the
Fig. 3
end joints should be reinforced by slip-
ping tin shingles under them, cementing
the ends of the asphalt shingles to the
tin Shingles. (Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
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If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
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A GOOD RULE FOR CARPENTERS!
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This is as handy a Rule as you
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AUDELS Carpenters
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[4vols.*6
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CARPENTER
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
SEPTEMBER, 1946
OMMEA
vmoT
LABOR DAY has long since become an
American heritage. It has steadfastly
stood as a symbol of all that is righteous
and noble and fine in the American way of life.
It epitomizes the progress of the little people
toward enlightenment, freedom and a place
in the sun. And more than that, it venerates the
selfless sacrifices of those who fought the good
fight in past decades that exploitation, insecurity
and fear might be pushed a little farther back
from Humanity's pathway toward destiny.
This Labor Day must serve as something
more; it must serve as an inspiration for every
American. Let every American, humble or
proud, rich or poor, great or small, on this Labor
Day dedicate himself to work unceasingly for the
building of a peaceful and better world. The
way ahead is beset with many pitfalls and perils.
It will take the best that each of us can give to
avoid disaster. Let each of us here and now, on
this Labor Day, 1946, resolve to give his best
that equality, fraternity and liberty may not
once more perish from the earth.
When thousands of carpenters were
recently asked, "In your opinion, which
make of handsaw is highest in quality ?",
3 out of 4 said, "Disston handsaws."
Many reasons were given, most of which
add up to these: finer steel, longer life,
better service. To quote a few —
"Disston saws are tempered just
right for filing and setting"
"Three of my Disston saws are over
40 years old"
"The Disston saw has a perfect
balance and the handles are made to
fit the hand"
In the extensive Disston line there are
saws for every purpose. Specially
popular among carpenters is the
Disston D-8.
HENRY
904 Tacony,
ia 35, Pa., U.S.A.
DISSTON D-8
The original Skew-back Hand Saw
Medium weight. Made of the famous Disston Steel,
specially tempered and hardened for faster cutting
and to stay sharp longer. Cross-cut saws are
made in 20-inch, 10 points; 22-inch, 8 and 10
points; 24-inch, 8 and 10 points; 26-inch, 7, 8,
10 and 11 points. Rip saws, 26-inch, 5Vi points.
Ask your hardware retailer
for a FREE copy of the
Disston Saw, Tool and File
Manual, or write to us direct.
msrm
The saw most Carpenters use
I LLUJ ililLLLU E LiU 1 111 ] H !1 1 II U 1 1 1 1 1 ULJJJJiJ J_
lllliiliillllJJJJJJ
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiner»
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Rstahllshed In 1881
Vol. LXVI— No. 9
INDIANAPOLIS, SEPTEMBER, 1946
One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy
Contents
Valor in the Redwoods _____ 5
After eight months on the picket line the Brotherhood members in the Redwood lumber
industry are still valiantly carrying on their struggle for decent wages and decent work-
ing conditions.
A Painful Cure - ______ 7
Because some employers were chiselling on veterans receiving educational benefits under
the Gl Biil of Rights the bill is amended; but the amendments penalize the veterans
and do nothing to the chiselling employer.
British Miners are Wondering
The dream of British miners has long been nationalization of the coal industry. Under
the Labor Government the mines have been taken over by John Bull but the miners
are finding their conditions growing worse instead of better.
- - - - 14
An official of the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry vividly portrays the
terrific toll that industrial accidents take year in and year out. The statistics are grue-
some but enlightening.
820 Miles of Misery
OTHER DEPARTMENTS:
Plane Gossip
Editorials
Official * -
In Memoriam
Correspondence -
To the Ladies
Craft Problems
12
16
19
20
21
23
26
Index to Advertisers
29
Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
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Examination
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Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
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MILLERS FALLS Bench Plane
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YOU JUDGE a camera on performance. And the
precision-engineered parts inside the camera
decide its quality of performance.
In building materials, too, it's what's inside that
counts. For example— the long, wiry sugar cane
fibres in the core of so many Celotex building and
insulating products.
These closely-woven fibres imprison millions of
minute air cells which create the ideal insulating
qualities of Celotex board.
Examined under a magnifying glass, the serrations
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All Celotex cane fibre products are specially proc-
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• • •
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Extra coating of asphalt on
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Exterior surface of firmly
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Colors: Green or Bufftone.
Sizes: Vs" thickness— 4' x 8' with square edges. Ys"
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thickness— 4' x 8' and 4' x 10' with square edges.
After eight months Brotherhood members are still
fighting valiantly for decent wages and conditions
YAL0R IN THE REDWOODS
AFTER EIGHT MONTHS on the picket line, the 5,000 Brotherhood
members in Humboldt and Mendocino Counties of California are
still valiantly carrying" on their fight for decent wages and work-
ing conditions in the Redwood lumber industry. Under circumstances
reminiscent of fifty years ago, these Brotherhood members have been
maintaining a solid front and fighting a fight that is earning them the
admiration and respect of the entire labor movement from coast to coast.
Theirs has been an uphill battle every inch of the way. For years
a few tremendously wealthy families have dominated the Redwood lumber
industry. For years the word of
these few tycoons has been law.
They owned not only the logging
camps and sawmills in which the
men worked, but in many instances
also the houses in which they lived
and the stores in which they bought
their supplies. When the Brother-
hood began organizing the territory
eight or ten years ago, these lumber
tycoons showed little disposition to
go along with the changing trend of
the times. They made it obvious
that they wanted no union in their
domain, and that has largely been
their attitude ever since. They have
been uncooperative and oftimes sar-
castic and arrogant in their dealings
with the union.
In spite of this unwillingness on
the part of the tycoons to deal fairly
and honestly, the union made steady
progress. One plant after another
was organized. However, each im-
provement in wages or conditions
has involved a battle. During the
past five years the Brotherhood lum-
ber workers in the Oregon and
Washington Fir and Pine belts
made many gains. But when it came
to installing these gains in the Red-
wood industry the union faced a
hard fight virtually every time.
Eight months ago the Redwood sit-
uation reached a crisis. The Pine and
Fir workers succeeded in putting
into effect a wage increase some-
where nearly in line with living
costs. When the Redwood work-
ers sought to establish something
akin to Fir and Pine wages and
working conditions in their indus-
try, the employers gave them a
thumbs down answer. This left the
men no alternative but to take eco-
nomic action.
For eight long months these Red-
wood workers have been walking
the picket lines. There have been
evictions from company houses and
arrests on trumped up charges, but
the men are still holding firm. There
have been beatings and threats, but
the union men are not backing up an
inch. After thirty-two weeks they
are still carrying on their fight for
American wages and American
working conditions as earnestly and
as zealously as they were the first
week.
For months the dominant compan-
ies made no effort to run their
plants. Thanks to the carry-over
provisions of the new tax measure
passed by Congress they could sit
back and make profits without op-
erating. Recently, however, several
of the major companies have tried
to reopen their plants with non-
THE CARPENTER
union labor. They have been able
to recruit only skeleton crews but
they are turning- put some Redwood
lumber. Most of this lumber is be-
ing' stopped before it leaves the
plant, but some is managing to tric-
kle through the picket lines under
protection of deputy sheriffs. Vir-
tually all California unions are be-
hind the Redwood workers whole-
heartedly. This means that little if
any Redwood lumber is stopping in
the state. What non-union lumber
is being- produced is therefore find-
ing its way to other states.
It is important that building and
construction workers everywhere
give these valiant Redwood workers
their support. Redwood lumber is
easy to identify. To all intents and
purposes, virtually all Redwood
lumber is non-union at the present
time. According to an announce-
ment by the Redwood District
Council, at least nine companies are
turning out non-union . Redwood
lumber behind picket lines. They
are : Hammond Lumber Company of
Eureka and Samoa, California; Pa-
cific Lumber Company of Scotia;
Union Lumber Company of Fort
Bragg; Northern Redwood Lumber
Company of Korbel ; Holmes-Eureka
Lumber Company of Eureka ; Dol-
beer-Carlson Lumber Company of
Eureka; Caspar Lumber Company
of Caspar; Rockport Lumber Com-
pany of Rockport ; and Areata Lum-
ber Company of Areata.
The unhappy situation prevailing
in the Redwood lumber industry
was brought on the floor of the
Twenty-fifth General Convention of
our Brotherhood. By unanimous ac-
tion that convention pledged un-
qualified support to the Redwood
workers who are taking such a
courageous stand against sweatshop
wages and working conditions.
Brotherhood affiliates on the Pacific
Coast are well aware of the justice
of the Redwood workers cause.
They are backing them up to the
limit. Now, after eight months,
the time has come for building and
construction workers everywhere to
extend to the Redwood workers the
same kind of support. The battle
is now, reaching the life-or-death
stage. From January 14 to July 14
these companies made no effort to
produce lumber. With imported
strike-breakers and goons they are
now endeavoring to operate their
mills and logging camps on a non-
union basis. The welfare and live-
lihoods of as fine a bunch of union
men as there are in any organization
are at stake. The outcome will de-
termine whether the Redwood work-
ers in Humboldt and Mendocino
Counties are to live in a part of the
United States where men are equal
or free or whether they are to con-
tinue living in a feudal era dominat-
ed by a few powerful and willful
men. In the long run every organiz-
ed worker in the nation will be af-
fected by the ultimate outcome of the
struggle the Redwood Workers are
carrying on against sweatshopism.
The employers are spending
plenty of money for propaganda
purposes trying to convince the gen-
eral public that the dispute is settled
or that the issues involved are
something other than wages and
working conditions. Don't be fool-
ed. Our brothers are still on the
picket line and the issues are the
same as they have always been — ■
wages and working conditions. The
battle of the Redwood workers has
now become the battle of all of us.
Let's all remember that Redwood
lumber, except that which will be
cleared by the Redwood District
Council, is non-union lumber. Let's
all be guided accordingly, because
Redwood lumber is easy to identify.
Public Law 679 cures some evils of veteran
training but at a cost of too many benefits
^4 Painful Cure
WHEN the President affixed his signature to Public Law 679
early last month the GI Bill of Rights was given a drastic over-
hauling insofar as the educational features of the bill are con-
cerned. What the new law aims to do is eliminate certain weaknesses
which unscrupulous employers used to chisel on veterans supposedly
learning a trade in their employ. That such a change was necessary is
obvious from the many instances of downright chiselling which have been
uncovered by the Veterans Administration. In many instances hard-
hearted employers were found to be deducting from GI's pay envelopes
the subsistence allowances which .
the government afforded them while
they were completing their on-the-
job training. Employers were able
to do this because the individual
states — whose responsibility it is to
supervise GI training — were in no
position to provide the personnel
necessary to do the job adequately.
Under the new law the Federal Gov-
ernment reimburses the states for
expenses incurred in policing on-
the-job training for veterans and
sets up definite training standards.
In some instances a few veterans
were also found to be taking undue
advantage of the government's as-
sistance program. For example, one
veteran making $700 per month as
assistant to the president of a corp-
oration was found to be drawing a
government allotment because he
claimed he was "training" for the
president's job. Public Law 679 is
also designed to correct inequities
of this sort.
That some tightening up of loop-
holes in the old law was necessary
is indisputable. However, Public
Law 679 goes from one extreme to
the other. To stop chiselling it takes
away from honest GI's a consider-
able portion of their benefits, some-
thing that certainly is not in tune
with the trend of the times or the
thinking of the people.
First, the new law penalizes hon-
est veterans by limiting their earn-
ings too drastically. Under the law
an unmarried .veteran without de-
pendents is entitled to a subsistence
allowance from the government
only if he earns less than $175 per
month. For example, if an un-
married veteran earns $165 per
month on a job as a trainee, the
government will give him an allot-
ment of $10 per month. If he makes
$175 or over the government gives
him nothing. For the married vet-
eran with dependents, the deal is
even more unfair. He is allowed
only $25 more per month than the
unencumbered veteran. In other
words, a married veteran with one
or more dependents gets no allot-
ment from the Veterans Adminis-
tration if his earnings as a trainee
exceed $200 per month. If his
earnings are less the $200 per month
the government will contribute up
to $90 to bring his monthly earnings
up to a monthly maximum of $200.
THE CARPENTER
Prices being what they are, ceil-
ing limits of $175 and $200 for vet-
erans taking on-the-job training
seem to be inadequate. While it
may be true that some veterans in
the upper bracket salaries may have
been abusing the allotment privi-
leges, the fact remains that the big
bulk of the veterans are working
people. Limiting them to $200 for
a married man with dependents
seems wholly inadequate — especial-
ly in view of the fact the idea be-
hind subsistence allotments in the
original GI Bill of Rights was to
permit veterans to pursue a course
of on-the -job training without im-
pairing his earning capacity.
The second major objection to the
new law is that it limits on-the-job
training to two years; that is, sub-
sistence allotments will be paid to
veterans taking on-the-job training
for two years only. Obviously this
works a hardship on men in this
category. Most trades have well-de-
fined apprenticeship courses requir-
ing four years of on-the-job study.
These apprenticeship courses have
been worked out over a long period
of time. Experience has shown them
to represent the sound minimum
necessary for competent training.
The Federal Committee on Appren-
ticeship has placed its stamp of
approval on these courses as being
sound. For the government to now
tell GI's that they will be assisted
in learning a skilled trade for two
years only seems unfair. The skill-
ed trades will need thousands upon
thousands of new journeymen in the
years ahead. CertainlyTimiting vet-
erans to government assistance for
the first two years only will not
tend to induce returned GI's to take
up skilled trades, regardless of how
badly those trades may be needed
later on.
There is still another objection
to 1 he new law. It places no penalty
on the employer who cannot resist
the temptation to chisel on Uncle
Sam by setting up a spurious on-
the-job training program. The Vet-
erans Administration has on file
many instances of employers mulct-
ing the veteran and the govern-
ment through a phoney training
program. About all the government
can do under either the old or the
new law in such circumstances is
to stop the serviceman's allotment
when it has been found the employer
has been chiselling. Certainly this
does not seem fair. The employer
does the chiselling and the veteran
gets the penalty. The employer who
resorts to chiselling must be made
to pay for his dishonesty, for he
cheats not only the government but
the veteran as well. The employer
gets a source of cheap labor but the
veteran loses valuable training time
as we'll as actual dollars and cents.
Under the circumstances the vet-
eran pays a double penalty for
something which he is not respon-
sible.
From the foregoing, it can be
readily seen that Public Law 679 is
not designed to better the lot of the
average veteran. While it undoubt-
edly does narrow certain loopholes
which unscrupulous individuals
used for personal gain, it takes
away from the average veteran much
more than than it gives him. To
cure evils at one extreme it swings
to the opposite extreme which re-
stricts and abridges the benefits of
veterans deserving them. No one
disputes the faet that some reforms
were necessary, but there is every
cause to believe that the cure con-
tained in Public Law 679 will be
more painful than the disease it was
set up to cure. The veterans deserve
a better break.
BRITISH MINERS ARE WOWBERiBiG
Nationalization of mines is worsening conditions
for miners without solving decline in production
(EDITOR'S NOTE : Josephine Roche recently made an inspection tour of British coal mining
areas, investigating the Socialist Labor Government's plans for improving production and the
recruitment of additional mine labor. In writing in the Survey Graphic, Miss Roche reveals the
backward step taken by the British Socialist Labor Government in recruiting 14 and 15-year-old
boys for mine labor while all the other nations of the world are increasing the age for permis-
sible employment in all industries, and especially dangerous vocations such as coal mining.)
1
"^HE FAILURE of the Labor Government in England to make any
attempt to cure the basic causes of declining production in the
coal industry has added to the discontent of the British coal miner
and led to a still further slump in production.
Miss Josephine Roche says she will never forget her "first encounter
with a 14-year-old boy in a British coal pit," living proof that the govern-
ment and the industry — which are now synonymous — are making an all-
out attempt to overcome the growing unwillingness of fathers and mothers
to let their sons become miners. She quotes from an official government
document which states:
"In normal times virtually_ the
whole manpower of the coal mining
industry is recruited from boys on
leaving school at fourteen and fif-
teen years. Recruitment from that
source, though still considerable, is
insufficient to overcome 'wastage'
and it has been supplemented as a
wartime measure by new entrants of
more mature age. ... In 1942 a com-
mittee was set up under Sir John
Forster which made a series of rec-
ommendations for the more sys-
tematic training of juvenile entrants
as part of a comprehensive scheme
for restoring juvenile entry to its
proper figure."
Many moves of the present Labor
Government in England are of such
a restrictive nature as regards work-
ers that the old arch-conservatives
are known to be more pleased with
it than the labor union rank and
file. If the trend continues it seems
likely that the workers will repudi-
ate their own party at the polls. In
no industry is this restrictive action
more apparent than in coal. Instead
of attempting to improve working
conditions in the mines, the govern-
ment is focusing its attention on a
program to attract boys into mine
work. This is the exact opposite of
the program adopted in the United
States where boys under 18 are pro-
hibited from the underground work
on the sound theory that such work
is too dangerous for them. The
British know how hazardous the
work is for youth, but apparently
prefer to close their eyes to the
facts. Concerning the employment
of the very young in the mines, Miss
Roche writes :
"Yet the accident rate among
these young workers has long been
recognized by the British as 'deplor-
ably high.' It is considerably worse
than that for all age groups in the
mines. Latest available government
10
THE CARPENTER
statistics on the numbers killed and
injured per one thousand employed,
show that as compared with a rate
of 287 for all underground workers,
the rate for those 16 to 18 is 317;
for boys under 16 it is 338. In sur-
face work at the mines the rate for
all ag'es is 93; for the 16 to 18-year
group. 134; while for boys under 16
it is 163."
The strongest opposition to em-
ploying boys in the mines comes
from parents in the mining districts
who, says Miss Roche, "may not be
able to cite exact statistics, but no
one realizes as well as they the dan-
gers, hardships, and exhaustion the
coal industry holds for their sons."
She continues :
"Even before the war their de-
termination to see that their boys
had a better chance than their fath-
ers had resulted in a decrease in the
number of young people who joined
the mine forces each year. Both the
rise of war industry and the present
labor shortage have opened many
other jobs to which such boys have
turned eagerly.
"The strong trend away from the
mines shows up in comparative fig-
ures on the total number of juve-
niles employed. In 1938 there were
27,600 boys under 16 and 42,800 be-
tween 16 and 18 at work in the
mines. In 1944 there were 14,700
under 16 and 26,600 between 16 and
18. Or put another way, annual re-
cruitment of lads for the pits had
by 1944 fallen so sharply below the
so-called 'proper figure' by which
annual 'wastage' would 'normally'
be met that in that year there were
only 10,389 juvenile entrants as
against a total wastage of 44,715. In
1945 only about 9,000 were recruited.
"This year juvenile entrants may
number no more than 7,000 — as esti-
mated early in the winter by an offi-
cial of the National Miners' Union
which has its own corps of produc-
tion directors aiding the govern-
ment in efforts to increase coal out-
put. Even while I was talking with
this union official, a telephone call
came to him from someone in the
Teachers' Organization saying that
they had been asked for help in urg-
ing boys to go to the mines on leav-
ing school. The appeal had come
from the director recently appoint-
ed by the Minister of Fuel and Pow-
er to carry on the drive for juvenile
recruits.
"Teachers, it seemed, had long
been adding their influence to that
of parents against the pits."
The shortage of miners is going
to get worse, Miss Roche indicates.
The government used its emergency
powers during the war for "abnor-
mal recruitment" including:
1. Men ordered hack to the mines
from the armed forces and
from other industries.
2. "Optants" or those given their
choice between service in the
mines or the armed forces.
3. "Bevin boys" who were direct-
ed to the mines by drawing
lots under what was called a
"ballot system."
At the war's end conscription for
the mines ceased, but those already
there were frozen to their jobs un-
der the Essential Work Order. Miss
Roche writes that "those closely in
touch with the situation forecast
that once the Essential Work Order
ceased to operate, the exodus of
workers who are in the mines under
compulsion and not from choice will
be swift."
For those who thought that So-
cialism would provide a quick and
easy answer for Britain's economic
THE CARPENTER
11
problems, the following- part of the
article will prove disillusioning:
"With coal production at an all-
time low, and with appeals for vol-
untary recruits bringing wholly in-
sufficient response, the anxiety of
the Labor Government has been un-
derstandably acute as it confronts
its role of owner and operator of
the coal industry on which the re-
covery of the nation's economic life
so largely depends. Perhaps the
thing 'hardest to take' has been the
steady worsening of practically
every factor in the coal situation in
the year since the Labor Party's
victory. Coal output continued to
fall off. By last January, it was a
million tons a week below the pre-
war figure.
"Britain, formerly an exporter of
coal, is not mining enough for her
own essential requirements. Last
winter important industries and
public utilities were dangerously
understocked and threatened with
shutdown. Long since, domestic
consumers were drastically limited
in their total year's supply of coal
to 34 hundredweight in southern
England, and to 50 hundredweight
in the north and in Scotland. Mean-
while, wholesale price at the pit-
head reached the almost prohibitive
figure of $7.20 per ton. Yet half of
the industry is running 'in the red,'
kept going only through the 'Coal
Charges Account' levy, under which
the more prosperous collieries sub-
sidize the others."
The government thought that "the
very fact that the dream of decades,
a socialist government, has been
realized should be sufficient to
arouse enthusiastic response from
the miners. Surely the political vic-
tory would spur them to produce
the millions of additional tons so
desperately needed."
"A campaign of speeches, confer-
ences and propaganda" was carried
on in the coal districts, says Miss
Roche, "yet over-all absenteeism of
miners had risen last winter to a
new all-time high of 20 per cent.
In April, voluntary absenteeism at
the coal face was 40 per cent higher
than in April 1945."
The British miners thought na-
tionalization of the mines would
mean "regular and adequate income;
the prevention of occupational acci-
dents and diseases ; a home and com-
munity life out from under the dark
shadow of the past."
"But," says Miss Roche, "in the
Nationalization Bill introduced last
December only the most general ref-
erence, or none at all, was made to
these issues bearing so vitally on
the day-to-day lives of mining fam-
ilies. . . . Rather it has been reiter-
ated that the nationalization meas-
ure is intended to 'assure a service
run in the national interest' — not
'class legislation' for the benefit of
miners ; that the industry must op-
erate strictly on a business basis,
and pay its way without government
subsidy; and that the nine men who
will be appointed to the Coal Board
to administer the industry are to be
paid salaries on a commercial, not a
civil service, basis."
Miss Roche points out that in the
mining districts all over England,
people are asking these questions :
"What about wages ? What about
union contracts ? What about com-
pensation and retirement benefits?
What does the general provision
about a reconstituted Miners' Wel-
fare Commission mean exactly in
the way of better health and com-
munity life? In other words — just
where do we come in on this?"
—UMW Journal
-5 IP
REMEMBER IN NOVEMBER
In a couple of mouths election time
will be here again. In view of the
unhappy records the past Congress
chalked up, in view of the sorry man-
ner in which it disregarded the welfare
of the common people, it behooves the
workers of the nation to do a little
serious picking and choosing at the
forthcoming election. J. P. Clark once
said: "A politician is a fellow who
thinks of the next election; a statesman
is a fellow who thinks of the next
generation."
Well, November will be a time for us
to start dumping the politicians and
electing statesmen.
• • •
CAN YOU IMAGINE IT
Some brilliant young bureaucrat in
Washington playing around with an ad-
ding machine made the startling discov-
ery that only one family in ten in
America has an income of $7,500 a year
or over.
Next we suppose that they'll be
reaching the astounding conclusion that
half of America's housewives (figures
show their incomes averages less than
$2,000 annually) don't own mink coats.
Tsk! Tsk!
and another nice things is, you can
have immediate possession.
RIGHT ANSWER
"If American workers don't unite
solidly behind the Communist Party,
where will they be five years from
now?" asks a writer in the Daily Work-
er. We know where they'll be. They'll
be in the clover enjoying better wages
and working conditions than any other
workers in the world. And they'll be
doing it as free men, not afraid to say
what they think and not afraid to stand
up for their rights.
It sort of brings to mind the story
about the sailor and his girl.
"Do you know where I'd be if I had
a million dollars?" asked the sailor of
his sweetie.
"I sure do, Bub," replied the fair
young thing looking him squarely in the
eye, "you'd be on your honeymoon."
* • •
HIS LAST REQUEST
The hardboiled superintendent of con-
struction knew his time had come. Ly-
ing on his death bed, with almost his
last breath, he called for his carpenter
foreman.
"Murphy," he said, "you and I have
had a lot of differences over your car-
penters. Just to show you there's no
hard feeling my last request is that I
may have six of your boys carry me to
my last resting place.
"And I have just one other request,
Murphy. When I'm safely put away and
properly tamped in, lay off four of those
blankety-blanks. "
• * •
WORTH CONSIDERING
"Americans gesticulate more with
their legs than they do with their
hands," says Ilya Ehrenburg, Russia's
fair-haired journalist, after a recent
visit to this country.
We never thought much about it, but
maybe Mr. Ehrenburg' s got something
there. If we started using our feet more
to warm the seat of some uncooperative
nations' britches and stopped using our
hands so much to reach into our pockets
to give them handouts, we might find
we would get along better.
THE CARPENTER
13
A STRONG STINK
Despite the startling corruption that
has been uncovered by the Mead Com-
mittee in its investigations of war graft,
there is some indication that the whole
thing will come to naught. There are
powerfully big names and powerfully
big people involved and their combined
pressure may be enough to whitewash
the whole business.
In that connection we feel about like
the old gal who was testifying in court
in a case involving a fertilizer plant.
The property owners in the district were
trying to get the plant abated as a
nuisance: Anyway, this old gal was
on the stand and the company attorney
was doing his utmost to break her down.
"How far do you live from the plant?"
he asked her.
"Two miles," she replied.
"Could you smell . the plant yester-
day?"
"I certainly could."
"Well, for your information the wind
yesterday was blowing from your house
toward the plant. Weather Bureau rec-
ords so indicate. What do you say to
that?"
The witness drew herself up in her
chair. "Young feller," she said, "let
me tell you something. That there stink
is a heap more powerful than any wind."
* .• •
TOO LATE
As labor feared, the new stabilization
program is turning out to be a profit-
making proposition for Big Business.
Prices are climbing constantly while
wages are struggling along under an-
other "freeze." The guy who earns his
living by the sweat of his brow is caught
in the bite of the line and it's too late
to do much about it. It's sort of like
the little boy who asked his father for
a definition of "discretion."
"Discretion, my son," replied the dad,
"is something that comes to a man
after he's too old for it to do him any
good."
• • •
AT TODAY'S PRICES, THAT IS
A union in the Middle West is suing
a huge meat packing plant for back
wages and damages of a million dollars.
Gosh! that's going to be hard on the
company if it loses. It will have to
sell at least eight-seven pounds of meat
to raise the money.
NEVER SATISFIED
If the papers and magazines are right,
American prestige in Europe is slipping
steadily despite the fact we are feeding
its people, lending them money and re-
building their countries. The more we
thinks about the situation the more
we are reminded of the candidate who
was running for office. Among this
man's friends was a citizen who was in-
debted to him for many favors. Natural-
ly, the candidate called on him and so-
licited his support.
"Well, I don't know about that," re-
plied the citizen hesitatingly.
"What!" demanded the candidate.
"Don't you remember how I helped you
during the depression?"
"Yes," his friend grudgingly admitted,
"And don't you remember how I fixed
things up between you and your wife
when you were having trouble?"
"Yes."
"Surely, you remember the time I
got financial backing for your son so he
could go into business?"
"Yes."
"And don't forget that I let you have
the money to put your daughter through
college."
"Yes."
"Then," shouted the candidate, "how
can you stand there and say you don't
know whether you ought to support me
or not?"
"Well," retorted his friend, "what
have you done for me lately?"
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Robin J»l)
I always say, "Why try to fool all
the people all of the time when a major-
ity is all that's necessary."
14
820 Miles Of Misery
Editor's note: The following is an excerpt from a speech recently made by Mr. Williams before
the convention of the United Brick and Clay Workers. The statistics contained therein are among
the most gruesome we have ever read. But in addition to being gruesome, they are enlightening.
They graphically portray the horrible toll industrial accidents inflict on workers through the
years and point up the need for more and more safety education by the government, the
employers and the workers. While Mr. Williams' speech confines itself to the situation in
Pennsylvania, there is little doubt but that it is pretty typical of conditions throughout the nation.
By DAVID WILLIAMS
Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry
DURING the first 30 years of the administration of the Workmen's
Compensation Law in Pennsylvania a total of 4,311,244 lost time
accidents, of which 53,260 represented fatal accidents, were re-
ported to the State under the provisions of this law.
If we were to assemble these casualties in a great procession, lining up
the victims in rows eight abreast, the rows being spaced eight feet apart,
we would have about ten and one-tenth miles at the head of this demon-
stration representing those killed by
industrial accidents in the state dur-
ing the past 30 years. We would
also have 810 miles of those repre-
senting the non-fatal accidents.
A large percentage of these ac-
cidents, although reported under
the law, are not compensable for
various reasons so we will now pre-
sent another imaginary procession,
representing only those cases which
have been determined compensable,
under the Act.
With many cases still in litiga-
tion before the Workmen's Com-
pensation Referees and Board, as
well as in the courts of Pennsyl-
vania, there will later be slight ad-
ditions to the totals quoted, but the
general picture will not be affected
by these few changes.
The records for the 30 years
under consideration show that a
total of 1,990,582 compensable ac-
cidents, of which 44,148 proved fa-
tal, were acted upon by the Com-
pensation Bureau. Over $379,300,-
000 compensation has been award-
ed to accident victims, or their de-
pendents, as a result of these acci-
dents. The compensation awarded
for the fatal accidents alone
amounts to over $137,400,000.
Let us assemble these compensa-
ble casualties, as we did those re-
ported through lost time accidents,
and get a real picture of what these
accident records mean to the wage-
earners.
Lining up our procession in rows
eight abreast, the rows being eight
feet apart, we will have, leading
off, eight and one-third miles of
those representing the fatal acci-
dents.
Try and get this picture, coffins
in rows of eight, side by side, with
eight feet allowed for each row,
making an almost solid wooden
blanket of coffins for eight and one-
third miles.
Then we would follow these dead
with 21 rows, a total of 168 men with
both hands off.
Following, in wheel chairs, we
would have an equal number of vic-
tims, (168), with both feet off.
THE CARPENTER
15
Then carried on stretchers would
come 236 persons with both legs
amputated.
Coming along now, using crutch-
es, we have 3,372 men, or five-
eighths of mile of our parade, hob-
bling along with one foot off, fol-
lowed by almost a half mile of men
with one leg off, 257 casualties in
this section, who are walking with
the aid of crutches or artificial limbs.
Now, we see 20 men coming along
with both arms off and 1,910 more,
or one-third mile of our parade,
with one arm off. The next group,
almost one mile long, is represented
by 5,145 men with one hand off.
You will shudder as you see 91
rows of men and boys (726 cases)
holding hands as they march past,
all of them with both eyes out, fol-
lowed by over 12,000 more, extend-
ing over a distance of two and one-
quarter miles, these persons having
one eye out.
We now present a terrible spec-
tacle of 12,627 persons with fa-
cial disfigurements, a tragic sight
over two and one-third miles long.
The next five miles of this un-
usual parade is composed of 26,-
530 persons who have lost one or
more fingers, with another three
and two-thirds miles, 19,356 per-
sons, who have lost parts of fin-
gers.
The remainder of permanently
disabled cases are represented by
several miles of persons suffering
from a variety of injuries. These
are in wheel chairs, carried on cots
and stretchers, or struggling along
on crutches. The totals of 87,420
permanently disabled persons
would extend for 16% miles of this
unpleasant appearing procession.
We now come to the great mass
of temporarily disabled compensa-
ble cases. This group, totaling 1,-
858,592 wage earners would form a
solid marching section 352 miles
long, if assembled in rows eight
abreast, with the rows spaced eight
feet apart.
I have not exaggerated the con-
ditions facing us in presenting these
human losses through our imaginary
parade. In fact, by only assembling
the losses shown by the accidents
recognized as compensable, I have
greatly modified the losses as rep-
resented by the reported lost time
accidents.
The one gratifying feature of
such an illustration of the number
of industrial casualties for the past
30 years, in Pennsylvania, is to be
able to state to you definitely that
the number of accidents is gradu-
ally being reduced.
A study of both lost time and
compensable accident reports shows,
beyond any doubt, that the persis-
tent safety campaigns and programs
of the State and Federal Govern-
ments, employers, insurance com-
panies, labor unions, various safety
organizations and individual plant
committees are bringing great bene-
ficial results.
Employment Passes Sixty Million Mark
Employment in the United States in July reached an all-time peak,
passing the 60,000,000 goal set by Government economists, the Census
Bureau reported.
Civilian employment in July, the Bureau found, was 58,130,000, and
added to this figure were approximately 2,600,000 in the armed forces,
boosting the nation's total employed to 60,730,000.
tditorial
Let's Get Busy
In a recent speech at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, General Omar N. Bradley,
director of the Veterans Administration, gave the people of the nation a
good summary of what is going- on in veterans' affairs. Particularly he
drew a comprehensive picture of the educational features of the GI Bill
of Rights in actual operation. Let us quote a few paragraphs from Gen-
eral Bradley's remarks:
"Something is wrong when it takes three years to learn to become a
stock clerk in rme state and three months in another.
"Something is wrong when a training establishment lowers the begin-
ning wage of its trainees by an amount equal to their subsistence allowance.
"From the outset, unscrupulous persons lost no time in taking advan-
tage of veterans training on-the-job.
"One such employer recently hired a veteran as garage mechanic in a
small southern town. The garage afterwards qualified by state standards
to give on-the-job training under the GI Bill and the veteran applied for
training as a foreman. At the start, he found his pay cut from $35 to $23
a week. He was told that subsistence allowances would more than make
up the difference.
"Such practices are unfair to the honest employer. They confront him
with unfair competition where a rival firm can charge a part of its labor
costs to this form of subsidy. It deters an honest employer for fear of
being tarred with the shady practices of others.
"Such schemes are unfair to labor. They enable dishonest employers
to compromise prevailing wages.
"They are unfair to the veteran. They cause him to waste his valuable
period of eligibility while giving him little in the way of marketable job
skills.
"These practices are unfair to the public. They involve misuse of
government monies."
From General Bradley's remarks it is easy to see that employers, labor,
the general public and the veterans themselves are getting raw deals in
many instances. Fair employers are being put at a competitive disadvan-
tage by unfair employers who are not above chiselling on returned sol-
diers. Labor's wage rates are being jeopardized by misuse of allotments
to veterans. Veterans are being cheated by not getting the kind of train-
ing they are entitled to, and the general public is footing the bill for some-
thing that is contrary to the best interests of the nation.
If all this points out anything, it is that we in the labor movement owe
it to ourselves and the veterans to stop abuses of the GI Bill of Rights.
We can do it in one way only; that is by taking charge of apprenticeship
training in our own crafts. If we institute and supervise GI on-the-job
training ourselves, we can be sure that there will be no abuses. And that's
THE CABPENTER 17
about the only way we can be sure. Consequently in our own interest as
well as in the interest of the returning veteran it is important that we set
up and supervise the proper kind of apprenticeship training in every dis-
trict in every state. The Twenty-fifth General Convention advocated such
a program. Let's see that it's carried out in every city, town and hamlet
in which our Brotherhood operates.
*
It's A Different Picture Now
As the Mead Committee continues prying into machinations of the
Garssons and other war profiteers, the testimony becomes more and more
sensational. Early last month, Lindsay Warren, comptroller general, was
called to the witness stand. He unfolded as sordid a story of graft and
corruption and downright theft as this country has heard of since the
Teapot Dome scandal was making headlines. He told of big industrialists
making untold billions out of war contracts while Army and Navy Brass
Hats sat idly by or jumped into the trough with both feet. He told of men
being planted inside the various agencies to drum up profitable contracts
for the firms or industries they represented. He told of brigandage, and
corruption and downright thievery.
As we read Warren's sorry testimony, we got to thinking. Specifically
we got to thinking about the boys who lay in foxholes facing filth, disease
and death month after month in France and Germany and Tarawa and
Okinawa while all this pillaging of the United States Treasury was going
on. And then finally we got to thinking about four specific GI's. The four
GI's we thought about were the four who got themselves a lot of publicity
a couple of years ago by petitioning for a leave of absence to come home
and shoot John L. Lewis during a strike in the coal mines. What we got
to wondering about is, where are those four boys now and how do they
like the stuff the Mead Committee is digging up now? We haven't heard
a peep out of them. How do they feel about the testimony that brought to
light the fact that thirty or more American boys died in Italy and dozens
upon dozens were maimed because shells turned out by g-reedy American
firms were defective? How do they like the deal that permitted a couple
of tin horns with nothing more than a letterhead and an envelope to
walk off with $78,000,000 worth of contracts to turn out war goods on
which their lives depended? How do they like the revelation made by
Warren that billions of dollars of excess profits have been handed back
through renegotiation trickery to firms that already reaped lush profits
out of the war effort?
It would really be interesting to find out what they think about all
these things. They felt that Lewis and the coal miners ought to be
strung up because they wanted a few cents an hour more to meet rising
living costs. What do they feel ought to be done about the Garssons and
their ilk?
We're not picking on these four particular boys. Thanks to the endless
stream of propaganda that was fed all GI's overseas, many of them got
the idea that war workers at home were rolling in wealth and striking for
more every other week. Probably these four were just a little more im-
pressionable than most of their buddies. They were a little easier to
convince.
18 THE CARPENTER
Anyway, returned GI's have long since learned that the picture they
got while overseas was distorted. Wages are far higher now than they
were during the war and I don't think many ex-GI's consider themselves
rolling in wealth since they got back. They're finding out that making a
decent living is the same hardscrabble job it always was for everyone
except those on the inside track with proper connections in Washington.
When the whole story of the war is boiled down it will be found that
the vast majority of American firms and American workers were doing
their duty fully and wholeheartedly. There were some chisellers the
same as there have always been in times of war. But it wasn't the man in
the coal mine or at the bench who did the chiselling. He fought and is still
fighting a losing battle to maintain a decent standard of living. Even the
four Lewis-hating GI's have certainly found that out by now.
•
Remember in November
From the viewpoint of the wage earner, the recently adjourned 79th
Congress proved to be the worst in recent history. It passed the Hobbs bill.
It killed effective price control and substituted in its stead a weak-kneed
stabilization program that holds down nothing but wages. It handed to
employers on a silver platter carry-back provisions on taxes that enable
them to resist wage demands because they can make money whether they
produce or not. It failed to pass a decent housing bill. It failed to pass
the sixty-five cent minimum wage bill. In fact it failed to pass almost
everything and anything that was designed to improve the lot of the work-
ers, but it was always Johnny-on-the-spot when it came to guaranteeing
bigger and better profits for industry.
Well, a lot of the members of the last Congress are going back to
Washington next year because they still have some time to serve. There is
nothing much we can do about them. But there are also lots of them who
have to go back to the people for an O. K. in November. Very definitely
we can do something about them. We can send them back to their home
towns for good. In their places we can send to Washington men who
have a decent knowledge of and interest in the welfare of the people.
Make no mistake about it, the gains that labor and the common people
have made in the last two decades are going to be under attack in the next
Congress as they have never been before. The attack started in the last
Congress. Next year it will be intensified. It is vital that the quality
of the Congressional membership be improved next November.
Of course all members of the la-st Congress were not bad. Far from it.
There were many valiant fighters for the welfare of the common people.
The only trouble was that there were too few of them. In November we
must see that they get plenty of reinforcements. We must adhere to the
policy laid down by old Sam Gompers by "rewarding our friends and
defeating our enemies."
This election is probably going to be the most important in your life-
time and mine. Make your ballot count. Study the record of the man
who represented you in the past session. Study the record and the phil-
osophy of the man running against him. Weigh the candidates. If pos-
sible, get them committed on such things of vital interest to you as labor
legislation, housing, etc. And above all, be sure to register and vote.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Gbnhral Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HTJTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHBSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Secretary
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr.
Ill J5. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District. HARRY SCHWARZER
3684 W. 136th St., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
1182 St. Lawrence, Rm. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence. S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
Convention Call
Pursuant to Section Four of the Constitution of the Building and Construction
Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor, you are hereby notified
that the Thirty-ninth Annual Convention will be held in Chicago, Illinois, at the
Morrison Hotel, Wednesday, October 2, 1946, at 10 a.m., and will continue in
session from day to day until the business of the Convention has been completed.
Convention Call
Pursuant to the Constitution of the Union Label Trades Department of the
American Federation of Labor, you are hereby notified that the Thirty-eighth
Annual Convention of the Union Label Trades Department will convene in the
Hotel Morrison, Chicago, Illinois, 10 a.m. Friday, October 4, 1946, and will con-
tinue in session until the business of the Convention is completed.
Convention Call
You are hereby notified that, in pursuance of the Constitution of the American
Federation of Labor, ' the Sixty-fifth Convention of the American Federation of
Labor will be held in the Mural Room, Hotel Morrison, Chicago, 111., beginning at
10:00 o'clock Monday morning, October 7, 1946, and will continue in session
from day to day until the business of the Convention shall have been completed.
Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory.
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
%t&l in T^e&tt
The Editor has been requested to publish the name*
of the following Brothers who have passed away.
Brother CLAUDE BEACH, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother JACK BELER, Local No. 1602, Cincinnati, Ohio
Brother EMIL BELIVEAU, Local No. 67, Boston, Mass.
Brother THOS. F. BELL, Local No. 77, Port Chester, N. Y.
Brother CHARLES CARTWRIGHT, Local No. 325, Paterson, N. J.
Brother RUSSEL COCHRANE, Local No. 2638, Fort William, Ont., Can.
Brother ALBERT A. GASTEIGER, Local No. 77, Port Chester, N. Y.
Brother L. L. GILSON, Local No. 1130, Titusville, Pa.
Brother CHARLES GOWER, Local No. 1723, Columbus, Ga.
Brother OSCAR HANSEN, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother ARON JOSEFSON, Local No. 67, Boston, Mass.
Brother JOHN N. KITCHEN, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother FRANK LEJCAR, Local No. 54, Chicago, 111.
Brother A. LEVESQUE, Local No. 1244, Montreal, Que., Can.
Brother WILLIAM MARKS, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother B. E. McLENDON, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.
Brother MICHAEL MELCHER, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111 .
Brother BEN JOSEPH MOIR, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother GRANT NELSON, Local No. 532, Elmira, N. Y.
Brother JOSEPH NYCHAY, Local No. 67, Boston, Mass.
Brother SIGMUND PETERSEN, Local No. 77, Port Chester, N. Y.
Brother EMIL PETERSON, Local No. 2084, Astoria, Ore.
Brother JOHN PICEK, Local No. 54, Chicago, 111.
Brother R. L. ROBINSON, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother CARL SCHAFER, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother BEN THORNBURGH, Local No. 365, Marion, Ind.
Brother HENRY WISHART, Local No. 77, Port Chester, N. Y.
Brother EMMIN WOLFE, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother CURTIS YANKEY, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.
Brother LOUIS ZIMA, Local No. 54, Chicago, 111.
CorrospondoncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
Local 132 Honors Service Members
The Editor:
Three thousand members, families and friends of Local Union No. 132,
Washington, D. C. on June 29th jammed Bay Ridge, Maryland, a Chesa-
peake Bay resort some thirty miles from Washington, for a free outing
and picnic honoring the Union's 664 members who served in the armed
forces. A day long program of sports and entertainment kept interest at
a high pitch until late in the evening. There were races and baseball
games and swimming contests and just about every other kind of athletic
activity imaginable. Young and old had something to amuse them
throughout the day.
A number of distinguished guests were in attendance. Governor Her-
bert O'Conner of Maryland was there and delivered a short address that
was well received. Other notables attending were : Robert J. Buxbaum,
president of the Maryland and District of Columbia Federation of Labor;
a representative from the Master Builders ; a representative from the
Washington Mill Operators; business agents of the entire District Coun-
cil and other trade union groups in the vicinity, as well as a host of
other prominent men in the local labor movement. General Representative
O. William Blaier acted as toastmaster and kept things clicking perfectly.
All were served endless quantities of barbecued beef, hot dogs, cole
slaw, potato salad, potato chips, pretzels, pickles and all the soft drinks
and beer anyone could want. With lots of good food and plenty of good
entertainment, the affair could not help but be a huge success.
Most of the credit for the success of the outing must go to the three
man entertainment committee consisting of Brothers W. A. Johnson, Nat
Jackson and Wm. A. Wright. Fraternally yours,
Thos. Woltz, Rec. Sec.
- •
Daytona Beach Local Holds Great Celebration
The Editor :
In honor of the forty-third anniversary of its founding, Local Union
No. 1725 of Daytona Beach, Florida, on July 27th sponsored a mammoth
picnic and barbecue at Bond's Park on Tomaka River. It was a ninety-
nine per cent gathering and a hundred per cent success. All day long
the members of Local 1725 and their families enjoyed a never-ending
round of activities. There were all kinds of sports for the youngsters —
including a watermelon eating contest that proved to be a fight to the
finish. There was a nail driving contest which pitted the men against the
22
THE CARPENTER
women, and a few carpenters still have red faces from the results. Feature
of the day was a tug-of-war that had the spectators biting- their nails.
Climax of the day was a mouth-watering- barbecue. After being in
cold storage for four days, a prime beef carcass was barbecued to a lip-
smacking turn. Everyone pitched in and thoroughly enjoyed as tasty a
dish as America has yet produced. There were ice cream and soft drinks
and coffee provided for one and all.
Signaled out for special honors at the celebration was Brother Charles
Lee, last remaining charter member of the Local. In all the years of his
membership Brother Lee has never once fallen from the list of members
in good standing.
At the close of the day everyone who attended the celebration declared
it an unqualified success, and the members departed for their homes a little
better acquainted, a little more understanding of their fellow craftsmen,
and a little more proud of Local Union No. 1725.
Fraternally yours,
John A. Benning, Recording Secretary.
Hamilton Local Sponsors Fancy Float
Local No. 18 of Hamilton, Ontario, sponsored one of the most attrac-
tive floats seen at the parade recently held in that thriving city in con-
nection with its Centennial Celebration. Designed and constructed by
the Training and Re-establishment Institute, the float showed what am-
bitious trainees can do under expert guidance.
Reproduced above is a picture of the float which elicited widespread
comment. Reading from left to right are the following officials of the
union: Albert E. Edgington, business agent; Leo. Sherblom, president;
Norman Powell, financial secretary; and W. H. Mclntyre, treasurer.
It's An Old Swedish Custom at St. Paul
The Editor:
Our Auxiliary, No. 61, St. Paul, Minn., has instructed me to write you
to let you know that we have for the past three years had meetings during
the summer at our lake home.
We live at Lake Owasso, a suburb of St. Paul, and invite the auxiliary
to meet at our place to enjoy a fish fry every summer. We are good
Swedes up here in Minnesota and the ladies who are not Swedes pretend
to be so on that day and enjoy several cups of coffee. We have a larger
attendance than we do at our average meetings which indicates we still
like to play. The husbands call for their ladies in the evening which
makes this a double social event for the men too have a chance to talk
over matters over a cup of coffee.
We would appreciate seeing a writeup about our annual event in your
"Carpenter" magazine.
With our very best wishes and sincere regards, we are
Fraternally yours,
Mrs. Marie A. (John H.) Carlgren, Sec.
Des Moines Auxiliary Is Growing
The Editor:
Auxiliary No. 4 of Des Moines, Iowa, sends greetings to all. Sister
Auxiliaries. Each month we enjoy all the nice letters in The Carpenter.
All winter we were busy, quilting and sewing carpet rags which we had
woven into small rugs and sold. The club meets at 1 :oo P.M. and Auxil-
iary at 7:30, each second and fourth Tuesdays. We serve supper at 6:30
which is prepared at the hall by the ladies who do not quilt. Our presi-
dent Mrs. Stella Minor planned and with our help prepared the suppers.
We served nice meals and always had plenty. Our husbands would join us.
We have a membership of sixty-five, nine new members since last Novem-
ber. We lost one member by death, Mrs. Nell Bollander. From June un-
til October, we meet once a month, the second Tuesday. We extend an
invitation to any Auxiliary member in the city on meeting nights to
visit us.
On November 10th we had a Halloween party, Mrs. Catherine Hoover
was in charge; January 8th we held our Christmas party in charge of
Mrs. Mina Singmaster; on February 23rd our thirty-fourth anniversary
supper in charge of Mrs. Marie Peckosh. We had a nice time at all three.
Fraternally,
Alice Elliott, Recording Secretary.
24 THE CARPENTER
Hutchinson Auxiliary Keeps Active!
The Editor: •
Auxiliary No. 235 of Carpenters' Local No. 1587, Hutchinson, Kansas,
extends greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries. During the past year the
members of Auxiliary No. 235 have been busy with war work and social
activities. We served troop train service and have made 28 wheel-chair
feather pillows to aid the Veterans' Winter General Hospital, Topeka,
Kansas.
We made donations to Big Brothers at Christmas, also to Infantile
Paralysis fund, Cancer Control fund, etc.
Our 16th Anniversary, February 4, 1946 was celebrated with a social
evening with our husbands. We played bingo and cards and served re-
freshments. We have a social meeting the 3rd week of each month at a
member's home with covered dish lunch. We plan work for the day or
contests and games. It has interested sisters who do not attend all meet-
ings. The Auxiliary belongs to Kansas Federation of Women's Auxili-
aries of Labor. The Convention met at Hutchinson, Kansas, May 10, 11,
1946, and was well attended and interesting.
Officers are Sarah Goodbrake, President; Zelda Abbott, Vice President;
Mary Schmitt, Conductor; Ida Sater, Warden; Lillian Phillips, Recording
Secretary ; Lola Ringer, Financial Secretary and Treasurer. The Aux-
iliary meets on the second and fourth Wednesday evenings of each month
at Labor Hall, 500^ North Main. We cordially invite any of the Sisters
who are visiting in Hutchinson, Kansas, to attend our meetings.
Mrs. Lillian Phillips, Recording Secretary.
Auxiliary 347 Plans Many Social Events
The Editor:
We are accepting your invitation to write regarding the social activities
of our Auxiliary.
Saturday, July 27th, the Carpenter's of Local No. 1913 and the ladies
of Auxiliary No. 347, Van Nuys, California, held their annual summer
picnic in Reseeda Park, California, with several hundred attending. It
was a pot luck affair with plenty of cold drinks of all kinds, ice cream,
watermelon and coffee furnished and served by the Carpenter's. Races
and contests of all kinds were held for both the young and the older
members, with grand prizes for all winners. A loud speaker system was
used to announce all races and contests and for music.
Our next social event is to be a pot luck luncheon to be held in the
home of Mrs. E. Wash, starting at 10:00 A.M. We plan to spend our
time tying a quilt which will be raffled off at a later date.
For August 16th we have planned a dinner party to Los Angeles
Chinatown.
The latter part of the month we plan to hold a box dinner for our
husbands. Final plans for this event have not been made but will probably
be held August 31st. The boxes will be auctioned and go to the highest
bidder.
THE CARPENTER 25
In June we held our annual Secret Sister party at the home of Mrs.
Tillie Foote. It was a pot luck lunch and all attending had a very enjoy-
able time.
We are also making- plans for a party for September, after all are
back from vacations, honoring- our retiring officers.
In July we held our joint installation with the men after which punch
and cookies were served. Our officers for the ensuing year are as follows:
President, Mrs. Frances Bradley; Vice President, Mrs. Velma Smith;
Secretary, Mrs. Inez Edwards; Treasurer, Mrs. Esther McGlasson; Cus-
todian, Mrs. Lulu Sand ; Warden, Mrs. Pearl Fiscus ; Trustees, Alta
Barber, Celeste Burnham, Tillie Foote.
Fraternally yours,
Inez Edwards, Secretary,
14224 Erwin St. Van Nuys, Cal.
: e>
Olympia Ladies Pushing for New Members
The Editor:
Carpenter Ladies' Auxiliary No. 149 of Olympia, Washington, would
like to visit awhile. We are the oldest Auxiliary in the State of Washing-
ton, and busy trying to get new members and hold the ones we already
have. It seems so hard to keep up interest with so many away on vacations.
One of our members, our Vice President Mrs. Anna Smith, accom-
panied her husband to Lakeland, Fla., and gave us an interesting report.
Our Drill Team installed the new State Officers at the Convention at
Aberdeen in April and came home enthused.
We have our social meeting the last meeting in the month and every
three months a Birthday cake, cards, etc. for those members who have had
a Birthday during that period. We meet at our homes in the afternoons
once a month. We tacked out two nice comforters and sent them to the
Lakeland Carpenters' Home. The pieced tops were given us by two of
our members.
We're studying Union Labeled goods and pushing them.
So many of us plan to call on members and go out and invite new
ones to join us and keep putting it off. If each of us could just get one
new member each year we'd be surprised how we would grow. Let's
try it and not leave the work to about five or six loyal workers. It's our
bread and butter and organization is surely going to be needed badly in
the next few years.
Good-bye and visit us ; 2nd and 4th Thusdays at 7 :30, Labor Temple.
Mrs. Ethel C. Abbott, Secretary, No. 149.
•
AFL STARTS DRIVE TO ORGANIZE NURSES
A national drive to organize registered graduate nurses in the Amer-
ican Federation of State, County and Municipal Employes Union (AFL)
has been launched.
Seven hundred nurses in New York recently heard national leaders
of the organization declare that only through such a union could harsh
working conditions be remedied.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 216
More and more as we deal with
craft problems we become aware of the
fact that many important things must
be left untouched, or in other words,
left to read between the lines. This
is particularly true in dealing with tools.
Almost everything that is done with a
tool presents a different problem, and
these problems are not always the same
to different persons. That peculiar some-
-^icijiotinj Nut
thing that we call "skill" is the first
requisite for eliminating the difficulties
that most apprentices and some journey-
men meet in the handling of their tools.
The router plane is an important tool
in making window frames, door jambs,
Fig. 2
and getting out stringers for housed
stairs. There are also other things that
the router can be used for to good ad-
vantage. Fig. 1 is a perspective view
of a router plane showing the principal
parts, such as the handles, the clamp,
Fig. 3
the adjusting nut and the frame- in gen-
eral.
Fig. 2 gives two steps in gaining a
side jamb to receive the head jamb. The
upper drawing shows at a and b the two
saw kerfs made for the gaining. This
Fig. 4
sawing can either be done with a fine
hand saw after the gain has been mark-
ed, or it can be done in a miter box, in
which case the miter box can be ad-
justed for the depth and for the cut
across the jamb. All that is necessary
in the way of marks, when the miter box
is used, is to have the location of the
cuts marked accurately. The gauge
mark, c, is necessary only when the cut-
ting is done with a hand saw. The
bottom drawing shows the gain roughed
THE CARPENTER
27
out with a chisel, ready for the routing
plane. Sometimes the gaining is com-
pleted with the chisel. This is usually
true when there isn't much gaining to
do and when a router plane is not right
Fh
at hand. When much gaining is to be
done, however, it always pays to finish
the gaining with the router.
Fig. 3, the upper drawing, shows the
The router plane is sometimes used
in mortising for butts before the jambs
are put together. When this is done the
number of right-hand doors and the
number of left-hand doors must be
known in order to mortise the jambs
from the right edges. (Right-hand re-
verse doors must be counted with the
left-hand doors and left-hand reverse
doors with the right-hand doors.) The
jamb is placed on the bench, marked for
the butts and chipped with a chisel as
shown by the upper drawing in Fig. 4.
Then with a sharp chisel the rough mor-
tising is done, leaving the mortise some-
thing like what is shown by the bottom
drawing, which is ready for the router
plane.
Fig. 5 gives two drawings showing only
enough of the jamb so that the mortise
bit of a router plane in position for
finishing the gain, which is already
started. The bottom drawing shows the
gain completed. The groove that we are
can be seen. The upper drawing shows
the mortising partly completed with the
router, and the router bit is shown in
position for routing. The bottom draw-
Fig. 7
calling a gain, is often called a dado — ing shows the mortising finished.
this is especially true when it is made Fig. 6 shows a stringer for a housed
with a dado head attached to a machine. stair. The first thing to do is to mark
TITE CARPENTER
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
CARPENTRY,— Has, over 300 pages, more than 750
Illustrations, covering carpentry from staking out to
fitting and hanging doors. Trice. $2.50.
QUICK CONSTRUCTION. — This book covers hun-
dreds of practical building problems, has 252 pages and
670 illustrations. Trice $2.50.
BUILDING. — This book has 210 pages and 495
Illustrations, covering form building, scaffolding, finish-
ing plans for a house, stair building, roof framing
and other subjects. Price $2.50. (Carpentry. Building
and Quick Construction support each other.)
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry, 64 pages, brown
cloth binding and two-color title page. Only $1.00.
PUSHING BUTTONS.— The prose companion of
Twigs of Thought. Illustrated. Cloth, Only $1.00.
1 '"stage prepaid when money accompanies the order.
Order |J |_| CIETf^FI F 222 So. Const. St.
today. •■■ ■■■ 3'twLLt Emporia, Kansas
FREE. — With 2 books. Pushing Buttons free; with
3 books. Twigs of Thought and Pushing Buttons free.
Books autographed.
the stringer for the housing. When the
marking is done, bore for the nosings
somewhat as shown at A, and then
house the nosing with a chisel and
gouges, if gouges are needed, as shown
at B. This will give you clearance for
the grooves that receive the panelboard
on the edges, and mark the lengths of
the rails, allowing for the tenons. Now
saw the shoulders of the tenons and
proceed to do the routing. When all of,
the routing is finished, the rail material
should be ripped, as shown by the hori-
zontal saw kerf from 1 to 2. Then the
routed parts should be cut in two from
3 to 4 — the dotted lines indicate the
parts to be cut out afterward to make
the haunches of the tenons. All of
this done, you should have four tenons
something like what we show, marked,
A, B, C and D.
It is still practical to get out the
material for housed stairs on the job.
In fact, if you have the tools and the
time it is a profitable practice to do just
that. In slack times, especially, it
would be a good investment for any con-
tractor to take his best mechanics and
the apprentice and let them get out the
Fig. 8
the point of the saw in doing the sawing
for the housing. The sawing, therefore
is not done until after the nosings have
been housed. The parts that are to be
removed are shown slightly shaded.
Fig. 7 shows the same stringer, where
the heavy shading represents the hous-
ing roughed out, while the light shad-
ing shows the housing where it has been
completed. At 1, 2 and 3 are shown
router bits in position for finishing the
routing. The frame of the router is
omitted so that the position of the bit
can be shown at it cuts off the rough
wood. Fig. 8 shows the stringer with
the housing completed.
Fig. 9 shows four tenons almost com-
pleted, which were sized to the right
thickness with a router plane. To begin,
joint the material to the size needed to
make the rails you want. Then plow
stuff for the stair and install it, with the
understanding that the work, when it
is completed, is to be on a par with
anything that can be produced by the
mill. Experience of this kind is what
Fig. 9
every carpenter, and particularly every
apprentice should have to bring his effi-
ciency to the highest standard attain-
able. Altogether too many carpenters
THE CAR P-E NTER
29
NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be. In their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising space in "The Car-
penter." including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Para
E. C. Atkins, Indianapolis, Ind 4th Cover
Carlson & Sullivan, Monrovia,
Calif. 30
Henry Disston & Sons, Inc., Phila
delphia, Pa. 1
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 32
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover
Millers Falls, Greenfield, Mass. 3
Paine Company, Chicago, 111 3
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
Celotex Corp., Chicago, 111 4
Johns-Manville, New York, N. Y. 32
Plastic Wood, Hoboken, N. J. 31
Technical Courses and Books
American School, Chicago, 111 31
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 3
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y. 3rd Cover
Mason & Parrish, Engineers,
Kalamazoo, Mich 30
D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 30
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 28
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 32
KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS
are handicapped in their work as car-
penters, because they have had too
little of this kind of work to do in their
experience as carpenters.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
DIVIDE AND CONQUER
This craft problem was sent to us
by an old head, and it has practical
value.
The illustration shows a framing
square applied to a straightedge with
the figures 12 and 4% intersecting with
the edge. To the right we show a guide
nailed to the straightedge, which should
be thin material. The figures used on
the blade and tongue of the square, as
shown on the diagram, are always read
as inches, but the figures shown to the
right between the arrows, are always
read so to makes inches represent feet.
Now let us start out by taking the
problem in division that we are start-
ing with in this craft problem: Reading
on the tongue, 4 y2 inches, between the
arrows, 4x/£ feet and on the blade, 12
inches, which means that 4% feet will
have 12 4% -inch spaces in it. That is
the problem we are using as a basis for
a great number of 4^ -inch spacing
problems that can be solved quickly by
simply moving the framing square. Us-
ing this as a basis, let us find the num-
ber of 4% -inch spaces in a distance of
8 feet. The problem would be stated
this way: If 4y2 feet has 12 4% -inch
spaces, how many 4% -inch spaces are
there in 8 feet? The problem is solved
by moving the square from position A
to position B, shown by dotted lines,
and reading the intersecting figures.
Which, in this case would be 21 %,
or 21 % spaces. Another example:
How many spaces of 4 y2 inches will
there be in a distance of 9 feet? Move
the square from position A to one inch
past position B, indicated in part by
dotted lines, and read the intersecting
30
THE CARPENTER
figure on the blade, which is 24, or 24
spaces.
We have purposely used figures that
are easily divided so the student can
prove the examples quickly. But in
practice the figures that must be used
in spacing will, in most cases, be frac-
tions. Let us say that we want to
know how many spaces of 3 13/16
inches there are in a distance of 5 feet,
i,\,
s
THEY HAVE
OUR CHART Big 27"x36" blue print chart
on the steel square Starting Key. Also
a Radial Saw Chart. Blue print shows
how to find length of any rafter and make
its cuts, find any angle in degrees, frame
any polygon 3 to 16 sides, and cuts its
mitres, read board feet and brace tables,
octagon scale, rafter tables and much
other valuable information. Radial Saw
Chart changes pitches and cuts into de-
grees and minutes. Every carpenter should
have this chart. Now printed on both sides,
makes about 13 square feet of copy showing
squares full size. Price $1.00 post paid. Check
or Money Order — No Stamps.
MASON ENGINEERING SERVICE
2105 N. Burdick St., Dept. 6, Kalamazoo 81, Mich.
3 7/16 inches. We would place the
square on the straightedge, using 3-
13/16 on the tongue, and 12 on the
blade, then move the square up to the
point that represents 5 feet, 3 7/16
inches, the intersecting figure on the
blade gives us the exact number of
spaces. To simplify this, use the side of
the square that has the inches divided
into 12th, or use decimals, and measure
the fractions with a compass, (using the
diagonal scale) .
One more example: If 4% feet will
have 12 4% -inch spaces, how many
4^ -inch spaces will there be in 2%
feet? The problem is solved by pulling
the square back until the 2% -inch point
intersects with the edge of the straight-
edge. The intersecting figure on the
blade gives the number of spaces.
The student should take a framing
square and a straightedge and practice
with them until he thoroughly under-
stands the process of dividing distances
with a framing square into spaces, using
different figures for the length of the
Spaces. (Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
ON-THE-JOB POCKET SSSS
This new ind reTised edition of Carpenters and Builders' Practical Rules for Laying
Out Work consists of short and practical rules for laying out octagons, ellipses, roofs,
groined ceilings, hoppers, spirals, stairs and arches with tables of board measura,
length of common, hip, valley and jack rafters, square measure, cube measure, measure
of length, etc. — also, rules for kerfing, drafting gable molding, getting the axis of a
segment, laying off gambrel roof and explaining the steel square.
"For ready reference carry „, „„ . .. ., . , .. . .. . .
this convenient 50 page $1.00 postpaid. Money back guarantee if not entirely satisfied
toOCyourSijZoeb."ix63> Buide SEND $1.00 TODAY
DA DAPFRC 5344 Cinton Ave., So., Enclosed And $1.00. Please for-
■ **■ "WUtriaj Minneapolis 9, Minn. ward by return mail one of you*
I Carpenters & Builders' Practical Rules for Laying Out Work.
Name Address .
THE CARPENTERS HANDY HELPER
a
mmt mm
has dozens of uses on every job!
For that "FINISHED TOUCH"
Plastic Wood can be used
for filling:
• Nail holes
• Cracks due to wood
shrinkage
• Countersunk screws
• Old screw holes
• Loose dowel pins
• Broken railings
• Split, cracked or splintered
wood in bowling alleys.
HANDLES LSKE PUTTY...
HARDENS INTO WOOD
Keep a supply of PLASTIC WOOD SOL-
VENT on hand to control the consistency
of PLASTIC WOOD. SOLVENT is also
used for cleaning hands and tools.
• On sale at all Builders1 Supplies,
Hardware and Paint Stores
BUY THE 1 lb. CAN
Boyle-Midway Inc.
22 Eon 40th Street
N«« York 16. N. T.
BE READY FOR
A BETTER JOB
AT BIGGER PAY
Thousands of
Trained Men
Will Be Needed
© Now that war has ended, new homes and
other structures to be built will provide a tre-
mendous number of well-paid jobs. Men trained
in Architecture, Drafting, Contracting, Carpen-
try and related building trades will cash in BIG
on their knowledge and skill. YOU can train in
spare time at home, at low cost, for a big-pay
job in this rich field. American School can help
you to success just as it has helped others dur-
ing its 49 years. Check, fill in and mail coupon
NOW. for FREE information.
AMERICAN SCHOOL
Dept. B644, Drexel Ave. at 58th St.,
Chicago 37. III.
Send me FREE information about your special training
plan covering subjects checked below.
D Achitecture & Building □ Automotive Engineering
D Drafting and Design D Diesel Engineering
I] Contracting
D Practical Plumbing
□ Air Conditioning
□ Refrigeration
D Electrical Engineering
□ Mechanical Engineering
□ Plastics Engineering
□ Aviation □ Radio
□ Business Management
D High School Courses
-PRICE LIST —
Label and Emblem Novelties
Card Cases (Label) $ .10
Key Chains (Label) .15
Fobs (Label and Emblem) . .50
Gavels (Labels) 1.25
Pins (Emblem) 1.00
Buttons (Emblem) 1.00
Cuff Links (Emblem) 1.50
Match Box Holders (Label) .15
Belt Loop and Chain (Label) .75
Pins, Ladies Auxiliary (Em-
blem) • 1.75
Auto Radiator Emblems. . . 1.25
In Ordering These Goods Send All Orders
and Make All Remittances Payable to
FRANK DUFFY, Gen. Sec,
Carpenters' Bid., 222 E. Michigan St.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Recent survey* proves that for Home Insulation ■■££
Buyers prefer Johns-Manville OV^I
^
How this preference can help you . . .
In a scientific, nation-wide
poll of public opinion, 75%
of those interviewed knew
the name of a manufacturer
of home insulation. 58.6%
said Johns-Manville. 1.5%
said Company "A". 1.0%
said Company "B". 13.9%
was divided among 61
othef manufacturers.
r-x
YOU build your reputation as a. quality
builder when you use Johns-Manville
products. They have consumer confidence.
For instance, for home insulation buyers
prefer Johns-Manville 39 to l!*
The well-known quality of J-M prod-
ucts has always been supported by con-
tinuous advertising. Today there is the
added power of the J-M Radio Program
over CBS, five nights a week. Reaches
30,000,000 listeners a month . . . helps
make Johns-Manville a household word
that stands for the best in Building
Materials;
Make the most of this public prefer-
ence to build up your business; identify
yourself with Johns-Manville.
Materials
Customer: "That's a
beautiful job, Pete. "
Pete: "Yes, you
can't beat the Foley
for turning out a
perfect cutting saw.
Good Business
With the Foley Automatic Saw
Filer you can put yourself Into a fine cash
business with steady customers and make a good living. The
Foley automatically joints the saw, making all teeth even
in size, shape, spacing. The Foley is the only machine
that files all hand saws, also band and cross-cut circular
saws.
SEND FOR FREE PLAN— Shows how to start
a saw repair shop. No canvassing. Send cou-
pon today.
FOLEY^fe^ SM FILER
>. FOLFY MFfi (f*0 9I86 Foley B,d9 -
£ rULCI ffirU. l»U. Minneapolis 13, Minn.
h Send Free Plan on Saw Filing business — no
k oh I j gn t i on.
k Name
Addreis
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $5.00,
and pay the balance of $25.00 at $5.00 per
month, making a total of $30.00 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but 'what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Johnson Building C, Denver 2, Colorado
IN THE SHOP... OUT ON THE JOB
Stanley Bit Braces
make each hour "worth more!
Time saved with good tools — along
with more and better work done —
means more money for you. Stanley
Bit Braces are designed to make each
hour worth more. They feature:
shorter chucks, stronger jaws, im-
proved head construction, fine finish
— all money-makers for you on any
job, in or out of the shop. Choose
your next tools from Stanley's com-
plete selection to be on display at
your dealer's. STANLEY TOOLS,
163 Elm Street, New Britain, Conn.
THE TOOL BOX
[STANLEY]
OF THE WORLD
Trade Mark
HARDWARE- HAND TOOLS ELECTRIC TOOLS
No board is too tough for this new, powerful, high
speed A/lallSaw that is priced within reach of every
carpenter. It will rip or cross-cut any kind of dressed
lumber up to 2" leaving a square board end that
assures a better fitting member. When equipped with
a Mall long-wearing abrasive disc, it can be used
for cutting and scoring tile, limestone, concrete and
other aggregate compositions. The light weight, rust
proof Aluminum alloy housing, comfortable handle
with trigger switch, and perfect balance make for
easy handling. Available in two voltages 110-volt
AC-DC or 220-volt AC-DC 60, 50 or 25 cycles.
Ask your Dealer or write tor literature and prices.
MALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago Ave., Chicago, 19, III.
25 years of "Better Tools For Better Work".
AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides
4 vols. $6
Inside Trade Information
lor Carpenters. Builders. Join-
ers. Building Mechanics and
nil Woodworkers. Thesa
Guides give
instructions
includins r
pla
you the short-cut
that you want —
eys
. An
Quick Refer
the i
Blcr
worker. Carpenters every,
where are using these Guide*
as a Helping Hand to Easier
Work. Better Work and Bet-
ter Pay. To get this assist-
' nply fill
Inside Trade Information On:
and
PON belo
How to use the steel square — How to file and set
saws — How to build furniture — How to use a
mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How to use
rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpenters
arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems— Es-
timating strength of timbers — How to set girders
and sills — How to frame houses and roofs — How to
estimate costs — How to build houses, barns, gar-
ages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw
plans — Drawing up specifications— How to ex-
cavate—How to use settings 12, 13 and 17 on the
Bteel square — How to build hoists and scaffolds —
skylights — How to build stairs — How to put on
interior trim — How to hang doors — How to lath —
lay floors — How to paint
til the FREE COU-
THEO. AUDEL & CO., 49 W. 23rd St., New York City
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides. 4 vols., on 7 days* free trial.
I will remit $1 in 7 days, nnd $1 monthly until $6 is paid. Otherwise I will retui
No obligation unless I am satisfied.
Occupation.
Reference . .
.POWER SAWS
»*w ATKINS BLADES
New Atkins blades can do wonders for your
portable power saws. Keen, edge-holding teeth
of "Silver Steel" bite fast and deep into tough-
est wood — cutting straight, clean and cool. Built
to stand up under hard, day-in, day-out use,
they stay sharp for long continuous periods-
reduce time lost in changing blades.
Keep in touch with your dealer for information
as to when he will be able to supply you with
the new saws you want.
While Atkins does not manufacture
portable machines, the company does
furnish blades to many of the leading
machine manufacturers.
ATKINS
nana
C. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY
Home Office and Factory: 402 S. Illinois St., Indianapolis 9, Ind.
Branch Factory: Portland, Oregon
Branch Offices:
Atlanta Chicago Memphis New Orleans New York San Francisco
THE CARPENTER'S FRIEND FOR 89 YEARS
ENTER
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
OCTOBER,, 1946
* POISONING THE WELL
MB
team**
Intolerance is like cancer — it spreads and grows in-
sidiously, and eventually it destroys the body wherein
it dwells. In our democracy race hate is like that. If
it gains a foothold and continues to fester beneath the
surface democracy will eventually become its victim.
DON'T LET IT GET A START!
; - x
■ , :
FOR THIS TIMESAVING
WOODWORKING TOOL
• This easy-reading GREENLEE
HANDY CALCULATOR swiftly solves
your woodworking problems. Just
set the dial- convert linear feet to
board feet; get slope per foot in de-
grees; compare hardness, weights,
shrinkage, warping and working
ease of various woods. More, too:
bit sizes for head, body, threcd of
screws; nail specifications; tool
sharpening hints, protractor. 6"
diameter, fits your tool kit. Heavily
varnished cardboard Special offer.
Order now, send 104 (not stamps)
in next mail Greenlee Tool Co.,
2090 Columbia Ave., Rockford, III.
BE READY FOR
A BETTER JOB
AT BIGGER PAY
Thousands of
Trained Men
Will Be Needed
• Now that war has ended, new homes and
other structures to be built will provide a tre-
mendous number of well-paid jobs. Men trained
in Architecture, Drafting, Contracting, Carpen-
try and related building trades will cash in BIG
on their knowledge and skill. YOU can train in
spare time at home, at low cost, for a big-pay
job in this rich field. American School can help
you to success just as it has helped others dur-
ing its 49 years. Check, fill in and mail coupon
NOW. for FREE information.
AMERICAN SCHOOL
Dept. B744, Drexel Ave. at 58th St., Chicago 37, III.
Send me FREE information about your special training
plan covering subjects checked below.
D Achitecture & Building □ Automotive Engineering
D Drafting and Design D Diesel Engineering
D Contracting
D Practical Plumbing
D Air Conditioning
D Refrigeration
D Electrical Engineering
Name
D Mechanical Engineering
D Plastics Engineering
D Aviation D Radio
D Business Management
D High School Courses
Inexpensive anchoring device that gives effective an-
chorage in tough or fragile materials. There is no
need for a setting tool. Screw cuts its own thread.
Lead Type (950) is available in 15 sizes from Vs"
diam. by Vl" length to 3/s" diam. by 2 lengths.
Fiber Type (955) is available in 11 diams. to fit
woodscrews from No. 5 to 5/s" lag. Can be cut to any
length.
Ask your Hardware Dealer or Write for Catalog.
THE PAINE CO.
2967 Carroll Ave., Chicago 12, Illinois
Offices in Principal Cities
WAMME
fasten im hn/ifi
and HANGING UlV I Li
luiiiiJiuiniiiiiiiiiiinfiniMniiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiniiiinmiifWMniiii'nifiiiiimir
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 322 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Established In 1881
Vol. LXVI— No. 10
INDIANAPOLIS, OCTOBER, 1946
One Dollar Per Year
Ten CentB a Copy
— Con tents —
There's Disaster Ahead 5
Labor cannot continue paying decontrolled prices with controlled wages for very long
without the bottom dropping out of our economic well-being.
Joe Will Be Happy
10
A brand new, red hot idea for promoting unity between Russia and the United States
that Joe should go for.
The IF's in Housing
- - - - 13
The government's housing program has been pretty much a flop to date. Providing
a number of "if s" are properly met, the record should be better from now on.
For This We Fought ----- 19
Stuart Chase, noted economist, takes a look at the post-war world and finds room for
optimism.
• • •
OTHER DEPARTMENTS:
Plane Gossip
Editorials
Official
In Memoriam
Correspondence -
Craft Problems -
Index to Advertisers -
• • •
8
16
23
24
25
Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
In Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
Let the spiral
do the heavy
wrist work. A
simple push on a
sturdy "Yankee"
drives or draws the
screw with a spinning
start. Good for years
of smooth, willing part-
nership with your good
right hand. Three sizes,
each with 3 size bits. Pop-
ular 30A size, range of
screws #2 to #8. For one-
hand operation, buy the 130A
"Yankee".
Send tor the "Yankee" Tool Book
NORTH BROS. MFG. CO.
Division of The Stanley Works
Philadelphia 33, Pa.
^\v- S' SEND MO MONEY
Learn to draw plans, estimate, be a live-wire builder, do
remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 8 practical, pro-
fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help you
to get more work and make more money. Architectural de-
sign and drawing, estimating, steel square, roof framing,
construction, painting and decorating, heating, air-condi-
tioning, concrete forms and many other subjects are included.
BETTER JOBS - BETTER PAY "p-T°?^
The Postwar building boom Is In full E D I I IvN
swing and trained men are needed. These books are
Big opportunities are always for MEN the moBt up-to-
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete
ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub-
handy, permanent reference Information lished on these
that helps solve building problems. many subjects.
Coupon Brings Eight Big Books For Examination
AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Vocational Publishers since 1898
Dept. G736 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.
You may ship me the TJp-to-Date edition of your eight
big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges
only, and If fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In any
way unless I keep the books.
Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one business
man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.
'I'LL TAKE THE WHITE ONE EVERY TIME!
nigon^^
WYTEFACE
TRADE MARK
STEEL MEASURING TAPES
jHKU^init^jn
i
KEUFFEL & ESSER CO
^^,*
^
JM
^fefc
The "B-8 GREYHOUND"— Choice of Carpenters
mm>
One of Ohl en-Bishop's most popular mod-
els, this hand saw has sturdy, wide blade,
bevel filed teeth, four gauge taper ground
for smooth, easy cutting. Ask your dealer.
OHXEN-BISHOP MFG. COMPANY
906 Ingleside Ave., Columbus, Ohio
Carpenters everywhere call for MallDrills. They know
MallDrills have more than enough power to drive
through steel, wood and plastics. They like their
cool operation under load . . . their light weight and
pistol grip that reduces fatigue . . . their compact de-
sign that simplifies drilling in close quarters and
cramped positions . . .and the quick easy servicing of
commutator and replacing of brushes without disman-
tling the drill. There are five powerful models— Vn
inch capacity in two speeds, 5/16, %, and Vi inch
capacities. Each is available in two voltages— 110-
volt AC-DC or 220-volt AC-DC.
Ask your dealer or Write for Literature
Power Tool Division
MALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago Ave., Chicago, 19, III.
25 years of "Better Tools For Better Work".
mmmm
m
THEY HAVE
OUR CHART Big 27"x36" blue print chart
on the steel square Starting Key. Also
a Radial Saw Chart. Blue print shows
how to find length of any rafter and make
its cuts, find any angle in degrees, frame
any polygon 3 to 16 sides, and cuts its
mitres, read board feet and brace tables,
octagon scale, rafter tables and much
other valuable information. Radial Saw
Chart changes pitches and cuts into de-
grees and minutes. Every carpenter should
have this chart. Now printed on both sides,
makes about 13 square feet of copy showing
squares full size. Price $1.00 post paid. Check
or Money Order— No Stamps.
MASON ENGINEERING SERVICE
2105 N. Burdick St., Dept. 6, Kalamazoo 81. Mich.
NEW ALL ANGLE LEVEL
This heat-treated
aluminum tool weighs less than one pound,
is rustproof and may be used in any position. The dial
indicator (guaranteed accurate to within one-half degree)
is protected by an unbreakable crystal and is calibrated in
degrees through a 360-degree range for accuracy far ex-
ceeding that of any spirit level in use today. Two air
bubble tubes, one for horizontal use and one for plumb
testing, have been built in (one on each end.) Length
14%", width 3", thickness %".
Sent postpaid $7.50 net — delivery two weeks. Write for
detailed circular.
EAST WILLISTON DISTRIBUTING CO.
81 Yale Street
EAST WILLISTON, L. I., NEW YORK
NOTICE
The publisher! of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be, In their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising space in "The Car-
penter," including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Page
East Williston Dist. Co., East
Williston, N. Y 4
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 32
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford, 111. 1
Keuffel & Esser, Hoboken, N. J. 3
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 4
P. P. Maxson, Chicago, 111 31
North Bros. Mfg. Co., Phila-
delphia, Pa. 3
Ohlen-Bishop Mfg. Co., Colum-,
bus, Ohio 1 3
Paine Company, Chicago, 111 1
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
Johns-Manville, New York, N. Y. 32
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford,
City, Ind. 4th Cover
Overalls
H. D. Lee Co., Kansas City, Mo 3rd Cover
Technical Courses and Books
American School, Chicago, 111 1
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 3
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y.__3rd Cover
Mason & Parrish, Engineers,
Kalamazoo, Mich. 4
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans. 30
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 32
KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS
Labor can't go on paying decontrolled prices
for everything with wages that are controlled
Th
s
HILE MOST of the government agencies have been dodging the
issue with ambiguous and wordy statements, it is becoming-
increasingly clear that our whole economy in rushing head on
toward a major crisis. Living costs are going up steadily and the govern-
ment is either unable or unwilling to stem the tide. On the other hand,
wage rates are struggling along under another "freeze" that keeps them
lagging far behind prices. This situation has prevailed for several
months. To date the lid has been kept on largely by the willingness of
labor to place the common good above its own special interests. But the
breaking point has about been readied. An explosion of industrial strife
is about to break loose.
W. Willard Wirtz, chairman of
the National Wage Stabilization
Board, summarized the situation
pithily when he said: "Labor can-
not be expected to pay decon-
trolled prices with controlled
wages." Yet that, in effect, is what
the government is asking of the
workers today. Many items are out
from under price control complete-
ly. Of the items that are under
price control most have already
been granted substantial increases
by the OPA and further increases
are in the offing. As this Journal
stated at the time the new wage-
price stabilization program was
drawn up, the whole setup is created
to guarantee profits to the manu-
facturers and distributors and at the
same time to hold down wages as
closely as possible to an artificial
"line." It is a situation that can lead
to one result only — another wave of
industrial unrest.
If prices continue rising, the talk
this time will not be of ten or fif-
teen cents an hour, but rather of
three and four times that amount.
The debacle of the Thirties certain-
ly taught labor (and should have
taught employers) that when prices
outstrip wages disaster is just
around the corner. Labor has no
intention of bringing down around
its neck the same kind of noose in
1947 or 1948. To expect it to strug-
gle along under a rigid wage freeze
while prices climb higher and high-
er is expecting the impossible.
Increased prices have already in-
validated all the wage gains the
workers have made during and after
the war. While it is true that hour-
ly rates are in many cases at new
highs, at the same time living costs
have so depreciated the purchasing
capacity of the dollar that real
wages (that is what the workers
can buy in exchange for what they
receive for an hour's work) have
actually gone down. By the Labor
Department's own figures, living
costs have climbed by some forty-
one per cent since the early war
years. Food costs, the biggest sin-
gle item in the average worker's
budget, have skyrocketed by almost
seventy per cent. Despite this fact,
the government is still using thirty-
three per cent as its base figure. Re-
THE CARPENTER
cently the Federal Reserve Board
and that Bureau of Agricultural
Economies released the findings of
a survey which effectively puncture
the myth that America's workers
are rolling- in wealth and piling- up
huge savings accounts with which
to purchase luxury items when they
become available. The survey show-
ed that twenty per cent of America's
families earn only $1,000 a year and
that they spend more than they take
in. Another twenty-seven per cent
earn less than $2,000 per year and
barely make ends meet. Taken to-
gether, these two classifications ac-
count for forty-seven per cent of
our families. They have no savings
and they have no prospects of be-
ing able to purchase a home or an
automobile or a refrigerator. In
fact, under today's stratosphere
prices, they cannot even hope to
provide an adequate diet for their
children.
Purchasing power — which is the
whole key to American prosperity
— depends on the bulk of the people
having incomes greater than ex-
penses. Purchasing power is not
provided by the forty-seven per
cent who have to skrimp and strug-
gle to keep even enough of the plain
foods on the table to maintain body
and soul together. Unless something
is done and done fast, another 1929
is in the offing in vicious and more
bitter form.
It was the hope of many experts
that by a year after V-J Day pro-
duction would have caught up to de-
mand. It is now fourteen months
after V-J Day and time and experi-
ence have shown these experts to be
dead wrong. The country is now
producing at virtual maximum ca-
pacity and still the situation is as
bad as it ever was insofar as infla-
tionary pressure is concerned. Fig-
ures show that articles made of iron.
steel, zinc and copper are in maxi-
mum production right now. Arti-
cles of wood pulp, chemicals, etc.
are rapidly approaching that goal.
Still the demand is far greater than
the supply. Inflationary price in-
creases are following as a natural
consequence. As prices increase and
get farther out of line with wages,
the market for many durable goods
items is naturally constricted. Ob-
viously a family with an income of
forty dollars per week is not much
of a prospect for a refrigerator at
$350; especially if living costs
shrink forty dollars to a purchasing
power no greater than twenty dol-
lars had before the war. The higher
prices go, the more people are
priced out of the market. In the
end there comes a day when prices
have so far outstripped wages that
the big markets for all kinds of
goods disappear and depression nat-
urally sets in. It happened after
the last war and we are headed in
the same direction again.
To date the unions in the Ameri-
can Federation of Labor have shown
admirable restraint. The industrial
scene has been comparatively calm
since last June despite the impos-
sible squeeze to which the workers
have been subjected by the present
system of controlled wages and un-
controlled prices. Even the CIO
has been relatively free of major
strikes. But watch developments
from now on. The present situa-
tion is a natural for the Communists
whose main objective is always to
spread discord and strife rather
than to improve the wages and con-
ditions of working people. Watch
the CIO unions which are under
Communist domination (and that
means most of them) undertake an
endless procession of disastrous
strikes for demands of two and
three dollars per day more.
THE C A R P ENTER
The irony of the whole situation
is that workers can't possibly win.
Wage increases are more than gob-
bled up by price increases even be-
fore the men get them. Starting a
race between wages and prices un-
der existing circumstances when
wages are controlled but prices are
not points a sure way to disaster.
Wages can never catch up with
prices, but the Communists don't
care. The more misery and strife
they can spread the better they are
serving their master in the Kremlin.
The sands are running out. The
time has come when one of two
things must happen. Either the gov-
ernment must work out a new for-
mula that maintains some sort of a
just and equitable relationship be-
tween prices and wages, or all con-
trols must be thrown overboard. As
Chairman Wirtz of the WSB stated,
labor cannot continue paying de-
controlled prices with controlled
wages. If there is going to be gov-
ernment control it must start con-
trolling prices as well as wages. If
prices are to remain relatively free
to climb, then controls from wages
must be removed or a terrific ex-
plosion is inevitable.
From the very beginning of the
war government wage and price
control has been something of a
farce. Bungling and interference
and meddling and rule changing have
been the rule rather than the ex-
ception in most instances. For years
the bureaucrats clung to the un-
realistic and badly mangled Little
Steel Formula although circum-
stances and common sense dictated
its repeal. No clear cut policy was
ever laid down. Each crisis was met
with an improvisation that solved
the immediate problem after a fash-
ion but created new crises in so do-
ing. One rule was often laid down
for one union and another rule was
devised for other unions. All in
all, government control proved to
be impractical, unrealistic and out
of step with the American way of
doing things.
In recent weeks we have seen a
classical example of government
meddling in the recently settled dis-
pute between AFL Seamen and the
ship owners. After the union and
the ship owners had worked out a
peaceful settlement of their differ-
ences through collective bargaining,
the government stepped in and de-
cided that the agreement they ar-
rived at was not the ticket. Instead
the bureaucrats handed down what
they thought the ticket ought to be.
A strike resulted. In the end the
agreement the owners and the union
arrived at through collective bar-
gaining was adopted but it was
only after ships were tied up for a
whole week or more.
The housing situation offers an-
other example of the ineffective-
ness of government dictation.
There have been hundreds and
thousands of rules, directives, regu-
lations and edicts handed down by
the National Housing Agency but
there still are no houses. Commer-
cial construction has been inter-
fered with, men have been thrown
out of work, materials have been
doled out, yet the housing situation
is far from solved.
If any conclusion can be drawn
from all this it is that government
control complicates problems in-
stead of solving them. If the gov-
ernment cannot institute and main-
tain a healthy relationship between
prices and wages, then government
control must g~o. Under the exist-
ing situation, inflation is slowly but
surely creeping up on us. When it
reaches a certain point, there will
be disaster. Now is the time to cure
the evils that are bringing it on.
SIP
ONE-SIDED PROPOSITION
As this is being' written, the stock
market is taking a series of disastrous
nosedives. Stock prices are tumbling
even faster than they climbed since V-J
Day. And, needless to say, a lot of
little guys who thought they were smart
enough to beat the game are being
given a first class trimming that even a
barber college student would envy.
Whenever we hear of a little guy play-
ing the market we think of the old story
our father used to tell.
A man with a rickety wagon and a
still more rickety horse pulled up in
front of a saloon. The driver walked
into the bar and as the bartender drew
the beer he remarked, "That horse of
yours seems to be on his last legs. I
never did see a more wobbly horse."
"Oh, he's all right" replied the driver.
"It's just that he's having a run of bad
luck. Each morning I've been tossing a
dime to decide whether I buy him a feed
of oats or myself a mug of beer, and do
you know, that horse has lost for the
last ten days straight."
The little guy who plays the market
comes out about like the horse.
JicT-
h.
^
E"
1
ceiima prices 1 /
i=^^
23
X V ^^^ \X"
6
PsJw
«>'»
***" f?a\)ir>ie>0
— and it's going to get worse ? Howt
JOE'S GOT SOMETHING THERE
On the question of housing, our fa-
vorite philosopher, Joe Paup, has some-
thing to say this month.
"I note by the papers," says Joe,
"that one of the scarce building mate-
rials is lead, a necessary item in plumb-
ing and paint manufacture. Why not
utilize the pants . of some housing bu-
reaucrats? I'm sure there's enough lead
in them to solve the current shortage."
BIG-HEARTED
We don't pretend to pose as an inter-
national expert but some of the stuff
that has been going on in various United
Nations and Peace Conference meetings
doesn't seem to add up. The way it looks
to us, Russia wants to "compromise":
if we will give her the atomic bomb se-
crets, pull our troops out of Europe
and Asia, and continue feeding the
world single-handedly, she will give up
her "claims" to Patagonia, Zamboango,
and all the other places more than 5,000
miles from her shores.
All in all, the way the Russians are
acting they kind of remind us of the
small town editor. It seems a wire fell
across the main street tying up all
traffic. Everyone was afraid to touch
the wire for fear it was "hot." Finally
the editor heard about it. He took im-
mediate action. He sent two reporters
to the spot — one to touch the wire and
the other to write the story.
To our way of thinking it looks like
Russia wants us to touch the wire and
she will write the story.
MORE THAN A LITTLE
For the clearest analysis of the cur-
rent situation, the Labor Leader takes
the cake, in our estimation. Says that
worthy journal:
"The first anniversary of V-J Day
seems to have been marred a little by
the general feeling that the V had faded
a little."
THE CARPENTER
IN PLAIN LANGUAGE
As the winter months come on the
housing situation shows no sign of im-
provement. There is no lumber, there
is no clay pipe, there is no hardware,
and, naturally, there is no housing. But
one thing there is plenty of is confusion.
The government's housing program be-
comes more complex and garbled by the
month as the rules and directives in-
crease. And this should be the right
place to tell our favorite story about
bureaucracy.
Someone had wired a government
bureau asking whether hydrochloric
acid could be used to clean a given type
of boiler tube. The answer was: "Un-
certainties of reactive processes make
use of hydrochloric acid undesirable
when alkalinity is involved."
The inquirer wrote back, thanking
the bureau for the advice, saying that
he would use hydrochloric acid. The
bureau wired him: "Regrettable deci-
sion involves uncertainties. Hydrochloric
will produce submuriate invalidating re-
actions."
Again the man wrote thanking them
for their advice, saying that he was
glad to know that hydrochloric acid was
all right. This time the bureau wired
in plain English:
"Hydrochloric acid," said the tele-
gram, "will eat hell out of your tube."
SAFETY FIRST
Deaths and injuries from traffic acci-
dents have shown an alarming increase
in the past year. In some areas they are
running a 100% higher than they were
last year which in itself was far from
being a good year. In view of the sorry
record of destruction that our motor-
ists are piling up needlessly, there may
be some truth to the following story.
A lady was driving along the high-
way in her car. Pretty soon she passed
two telephone linemen up a pole.
"Look at the fraidy cats," she re-
marked to her companion, "I guess they
think I never drove a car before."
SOUND ADVICE
"Perfume should be kept in dark
cool places, away from light," says a
tip in a woman's magazine.
To which we would like to add: "It
should also be kept away from married
men's coat lapels and handkerchiefs."
A LITTLE BIT COMPLICATED
In view of the sorry record the last
Congress compiled on vital matters af-
fecting the peace and prosperity of the
people, next month's elections loom as
the most important labor has had the
privilege of participating in in a long,
long time. If some of the boondogglers
who threw sand in the bearings during
the last session are dumped, the work-
ers can look for some decent legislation
next year. If the same old stand-pat-
ters are re-elected, the situation is going
to get worse instead of better. It is more
important than it has ever been that
workers participate in this election and
that they weigh their candidates with a
very critical eye.
And speaking of elections, we like the
one about the farm woman who was be-
ing interrogated by a census taker re-
garding the political faith of her family.
"Well, mister," the farm woman ex-
plained, "we'uns is kind o' mixed up.
I'm a Republican, my husband's a Dem-
ocrat, the baby's a Wet, the cow's a Dry,
and the dog belongs to the Reform
Party — he don't do nothing but set
around all day and howl."
ANYHOW IT SEEMS THAT WAY
From "Paup's Popular Pearls of Pure
Perspicacity" we select for this month's
bit of wisdom the following gem:
"A man who gives in when he is
wrong is wise, and a man who gives in
when he is right is married."
# -
M
^\-^_ fftH
""^ — ~iB9
#"
Two more ears of corn, a mess of
beans and we can have a oath.
10
If the Communist Party promotes understanding
by blasting, why can't we take a whack at it?
Joe Will Be Happy
By J. C. RICH
THIS correspondent is in receipt of a tasteful little tract entitled
"We Have Seen America" which is a collection of speeches de-
livered at a rally for American-Soviet Friendship held last May
in Madison Square Garden, New York. The occasion was a send-off for
three Russian writers who visited the United States, Mr. Ilya Ehrenburg,
the journalist with the swivel-jointed pen, among them.
The booklet is full of good words and some very amusing anecdotes,
and it has made a new man of me. I have decided to reform and hence-
forth I am going to work night and
day for American-Soviet friendship,
only vice versa, as I shall try to ex-
plain in my simple way. It's a ques-
tion of jurisdiction, and instead of
American-Soviet, my racket will
have to be Soviet-American Friend-
ship. What happens is that the great
Corliss Lamont, the horny-handed
coupon clipper, is already in charge
of American-Soviet Friendship, In-
corporated, and so I'm going to
work the other side of the street,
and become a Soviet-American
Council for Friendship. You under-
stand that precedence is very impor-
tant in these delicate international
affairs, and who am I to offend the
tender sensibilities of our good
friend and ally of the Soviet Union?
Therefore, since my headquarters
will be in Moscow, it is but seemly
that the word "Soviet" come first
and the word "American" later, if
ever.
As for the headquarters of the
Soviet-American Council "for
Friendship, I know exactly the spot
for it, a spacious little office on the
corner of Nichevo and Niemnozhko
Street in Moscow, but a stone's
throw from the Kremlin. There it
will be easy for me to tell the
Stalin administration that it is a
terrible government, ruining the
Big Three Unity, and also the Big
Two Unity and even the Big One
unity. As a friend of the Soviet
Union working for friendship with
the United States it will be easy for
me to be frank with Mr. Stalin and
tell him exactly how to run his ad-
ministration and conduct his for-
eign affairs. Mr. Stalin will be
very thankful to me, and when I
arrange a big rally in the Krasny
Ploschad, which is something like
Capitol Hill in Washington, he will
send the finest cops of Moscow to
keep the crowd in order, so that
they won't molest the pickets.
The pickets will carry signs with
short, sharp slogans like "Keep
Ivan Out of the Balkans," "Bring
the Boys Back from China" and
other important messages. I think
it will be very nice to have pickets
around the Kremlin, and Mr. Stalin
will appreciate our good will and
desire to maintain friendship with
the United States.
The Council for Soviet-American
Friendship will work hand in hand
with other organizations which wish
to improve relations with the Unit-
ed States and while it will work in
its own sphere, it will cooperate to
the fullest extent with the Moscow
Committee to Win the Peace, the
THE CARPENTER
11
Independent Comrades Committee
of the Arts and Sciences and the
National Democratic and Republi-
can Parties which will have branch-
es there. There in Moscow, I mean.
What did you think I said? If the
Communist Party can operate in the
United States, why shouldn't the
Democratic or Republican Party op-
erate in the Soviet Union? It's all
in the cause of friendship.
As head of the Soviet-American
Friendship, Incorporated, outfit, it
will be my pleasant duty to en-
lighten the Russian press on what's
wrong- with their country and why
there is so much distrust and lack
of understanding in America about
Soviet intentions. I shall therefore
send them many releases telling the
Soviets that they are not only fool-
ish but even criminal, and I shall
expect the Russian papers to print
that, because otherwise they won't
show their friendly feeling to the
United States.
First of all I shall tell them to
explain to the American people in
simple terms why it is that the
Soviet authorities won't lee for-
eign correspondents travel freely
through the country. This has been
a cause of considerable friction and
misunderstanding, and, after all, if
only the Soviets explained the situ-
ation it would clear up every doubt
and misapprehension. The Ameri-
can correspondents should not take
offense. The ban on travel is not an
act of discrimination against them.
Honest! The truth is that nobody
is allowed to travel freely in Rus-
sia, and thus there is no discrimina-
tion against Americans or native
Russians. Can anything be fairer
than that? But these things have to
be explained.
I shall also write a strong letter
to the editor of the Pravda and call
to his attention that Ilya Ehren-
burg was nothing but a dirty pen
bandit, an untalented calumniator,
an imperialist war-monger — no, that
was the late President Roosevelt —
and words to that effect for what
Mr. Ehrenburg said about the Unit-
ed States. The editor of the Pravda
will appreciate this and he will
print my observations on Mr.
Ehrenburg just as the New York
Times printed the Pravda's obser-
vations about its correspondent,
Brooks Atkinson. Friendship be-
tween the Soviet Union and the
United States must be maintained
at all costs.
After this I shall arrange
mass meetings and demonstrations
against Mr. Molotov's strange be-
havior in Paris and Mr. Gromyko's
rudeness in New York. I shall tell
Mr. Molotov not to endanger Big
Three Unity by throwing monkey
wrenches into every international
conference in general and in the
Paris peace conference in particu-
lar. I shall tell him very firmly so
that there will be no misunderstand-
ing that the American people are
most suspicious of efforts to spread
Russian -influence into every nook
and corner of the world. It doesn't
sit well with the American people,
I shall tell him from my headquar-
ters in Moscow, when the Soviet
government pulls out machinery
and equipment from occupied coun-
tries, takes their food away and
then tells the American occupation
forces to feed the starving people.
There is no reason why Mr. Molo-
tov should think that he can get off
without condemnation from the
friends of Soviet-American friend-
ship, any more than Mr. Byrnes is
free to act without condemnation
from the friends of American-So-
viet friendship.
The thing gets complicated,
doesn't it? However, there are still
12
THE CARPENTER
a few thing's I could say in Moscow
as long as I'm there to promote un-
derstanding with the American peo-
ple. For instance, I would object to
the Russian voting- methods and
election procedures. Now, in the
United States there are some pretty
bad spots, where they have discrim-
ination against the Negroes and the
poll tax and all. In Russia, how-
ever, while everybody can vote
there is never any opposition candi-
date to vote for. This is something
only the Russians can understand
and from a long study of Russian
history I would know that they al-
ways fought for political liberty.
The Tsar had a pretty tough time
of it when he tried to run the coun-
try on a one party basis, and so,
with the advantage of being in Mos-
cow, I would demand that the So-
viet authorities give up the undem-
ocratic and corrupt system of one-
party elections. I would use my in-
fluence with Mr. Stalin to put a stop
to it, and I'm sure he would want to
do that in order to create better
feeling and understanding with the
American people. Maybe he would
even send the F.B.I., or the NKVE>
as it is fondly called in Russia, to
put my ideas into effect.
There are many, many more
things I will be able to do in Russia
as soon as I open the headquarters
of the Council for Soviet-Ameri-
can Friendship, Incorporated, in
Moscow. Nothing like being on the
spot to make friends and influence
people.
And when I return to the United
States maybe Mr. Lamont, Sr., will
adopt me into the family and give
me a cut of the J. P. Morgan bank.
Hy'a, Corliss. Remember, I'm
very friendly. — The Hat Worker.
A Worthwhile Measure
A Labor Education Service within the U. S. Department of Labor is
contemplated in a bill introduced by Representative Andrew J. Biemiller
of Wisconsin in the House during the closing days of the session. The
bill is open for amendments between now and the beginning of the new
Congress.
As now drafted, a Labor Extension Service would be set up as a
separate Bureau under the Secretary of Labor, with general policies
formulated by a Labor Advisory Council of fifteen or less, appointed
from a list of nominations from labor organizations.
Educational institutions interested in developing workers' education
programs would submit their plans to the Secretary of Labor. If the plan
is approved, a grant of federal funds will be made to the institution,
with the stipulation that such federal funds must be supplemented by 25
per cent contributions from public or private sources within the state.
Labor groups would apply to the educational institution or organization
for services and would participate in developing such activities.
Workers education has long been a neglected matter in the United
States. For the past fifty years farmers have enjoyed the benefits of an
Educational Extension Service such as the new bill contemplates setting
up for labor. Much of the progress made in farming in the last three or
four decades can be credited to the assistance farmers received from vari-
ous educational institutions which disseminate information regarding
new developments in farm management. An educational service for work-
ers is long past due.
13
The "IF
n
Snow will find the housing problem far from
solved despite lots of government direction
T OUR Twenty-fifth General Convention, a delegate arose on the
floor during- the report of the Housing Committee and said, in
effect: "Rules and regulations never built a house. It takes mate-
rials and skill. Bureaucrats in Washington riding a swivel chair never
set a joist or nailed up a rafter. During the war the government asked
that we build very quickly cantonments and buildings of all kinds. If it
is necessary to have housing quickly now . . . and if the government is not
able to meet that necessity, why doesn't it call on the Brotherhood of Car-
penters and the builders and let them devise ways and means to pro-
vide it?"
As the months have rolled by
since the convention, the wisdom
of the delegate's words have become
more apparent. Within a few weeks
the snow will be flying and yet the
problem of getting people into de-
cent houses is no nearer to being
solved than it was in April. Par-
tially completed foundations dot
the landscape from coast to coast.
Half-finished houses with gaping
holes where the doors and windows
ought to be meet the eye in every
community. Why? What is v/rong?
The main thing that has been
wrong is that the government didn't
take the advice of the delegate.
There have been lots of edicts and
directives handed down from Wash-
ington but there have been no
bricks or lumber or nails. Every-
body has had a say in the housing
matter except our Brotherhood and
the builders — the fellows who put
the houses up. To date this year,
the story of home construction is
a sad one. The Federationist re-
ports as follows:
"The Veterans' Emergency
Housing Program, announced on
February 8 of this year, called for
the beginning of construction in
1946 on 700,000 permanent houses of
conventional construction, 250,000
prefabricated units and another
250,000 temporary dwellings. What
has been the record thus far? So
many different figures are being
published from day to day, the aver-
age houseseeker finds himself be-
wildered. He does not know what
to believe.
"Reports are periodically pub-
lished of 'applications approved'
for the construction of homes. But
many of these are still on paper — •
they haven't resulted even in build-
ing 'starts.' From January through
June of this year, 531,000 applica-
tions for home construction were
approved. During the same period
work was reported to have started
on about 320,000 permanent, con-
ventional houses and some 10,000
'prefabs.' In that time, work was
also begun on the conversion of ex-
isting structures into some 50,000
units suitable for living quarters
14
TIIE CARPENTER
and about too.ooo temporary units,
such as quonset huts, barracks and
dormitories. These reported 'starts'
were at the annual rate of 640,000
permanent, conventional homes, 20,-
OOO prefabricated unit s, 100,000
'conversions' and 200,000 temporary
'stopgap' units.
"Even on reported starts the pro-
gram was far behind the proposed
schedule. But starts are not finished
homes. In the same first six months
of 1946, only 145,000 permanent
homes of traditional construction
were completed, plus 5,000 prefabri-
cated houses, or a total of 150,000
completed homes designed for per-
is every indication that the situa-
tion during the latter part of this
year will improve considerably and
show a much better record. How-
ever, there are many "if's." First
among them is building materials.
Lack of ' building materials has
slowed down home construction
more than any one thing. Some
building material producers have
been bitten with the speculative
fever. They have held back their
products until price increases were
won. Others have exported these
vitally important products because
of the better prices they could get.
If these producers can be prevailed
ESTIMATED REQUIREMENTS ON NEW CONSTRUCTION
OCCUPATION
1946
(September)
1947
(August)
1942
(Estimated
all construc-
tion*)
All skilled trades
1,041,000
77,000
487,000
46,000
48,000
13,000
105,000
45,000
91,000
129,000
1,051,000
73,000
496,000
53,000
47,000
11,000
112,000
40,000
83,000
136,000
1,147,000
Bricklayers
86,000
Carpenters
512,000
Construction machine operators
Electricians
87,000
52,000
Lathers
Painters and glaziers
Plasterers
14,000
84,000
38,000
Plumbers and Steamfitters
All other
103,000
171,000
*Includes minor repairs.
Source : U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Occupational Outlook Branch.
A. F. of L. Housing Committee Table
manent use. In that time 36,000
units were converted to living pur-
poses and only 27,000 temporary re-
use units were built; that is, only
63,000 temporary units were com-
pleted altogether. That is a pitiful
record. It represents an annual rate
of 300,000 permanent units complet-
ed and 126,000 temporary units
made available for use. How slow
the progress these completions rep-
resent is emphasized by the fact
that many of these units were begun
and some almost completed last
year."
Certainly this is not a record of
which anyone can be proud. There
upon to quit holding production off
the market to force up prices, and
to quit exporting for the same rea-
son, the situation should improve.
Another "if" 'that faces adequate
housing is land prices. Speculators
have driven land prices sky high. It
is impossible to have low-cost hous-
ing when land prices are out of
reason. If speculators can be
squeezed out of the market, another
obstacle would be eliminated.
Some authorities are predicting
a manpower shortage which will
further cripple home building. A
look at the figures, however, tends
to refute this theory. According to
THE CARPENTER 15
Bureau of Labor Statistics figures, around 100,000 less than the actual
the peak requirements for man- number employed in 1942. In 1942,
power in the construction trades in millions of young men were with-
1947 will total about 1,051,000 skill- drawn from the available work
ed and unskilled men. During 1942, force by the armed forces. These
when the construction load hit an men are now back. Consequently it
all-time peak, only 1,147,000 men seems logical that manpower will
were employed in all types of con- not be an insurmountable problem,
struction. (See chart above.) In — provided the government answers
other words, peak demand for con- the "if s" mentioned above without
struction workers in 1947 will be posing a host of new ones.
States, Cities Plan Big Building Programs
A vast program of public works, estimated at $4,107,136,000, is being
mapped by states, cities and counties throughout the nation, to be financed
by their own funds.
Federal-aid highways, rivers and harbors, flood control projects, fed-
eral post offices and buildings and veterans' hospitals, financed in whole
or in part by the Federal Government, are expected to add other billions
to the works program.
The Federal Works Agency has requests from states, cities and coun-
ties for advances to plan 7,560 projects totaling $2,757,136,599, and as of
June 30 these local governmental units had completed their own plans
for 5,500 projects to cost $1,350,000,000, according to FWA records.
Of the requests, FWA reported it has approved 4,630 and advanced
$32,258,354 for planning. These alone involve $1,296,997,951.
Under Congressional act, FWA has $65,000,000 to assist states, cities
and counties in planning non-federal public works.
Advances are repayable without interest upon the beginning of con-
struction. Otherwise, they are free, but George H. Field, commissioner of
FWA's Bureau of Community Facilities, said applicants "must show
capacity to build with their own funds within four years" before they
get an advance.
Preference is given to local agencies that have voted bonds to finance
projects.
The bulk of advances approved to Aug. 31 was for planning water
main, paved street and sewer extensions and improvements and for new
school buildings and additions.
Applications have been approved for planning 2,083 sewer, water and
sanitation projects to cost $546,355,941 and for 1,317 school expansions
or new buildings to cost $318,415,189.
Other items approved for advances include : 300 highway, road and
street projects, to cost $46,820,998; 41 bridges, viaducts and railway over-
passes, $28,426,458; 35 airports, $19,895,981; 158 hospitals and clinics,
$73,470,874; 392 public buildings, such as courthouses and city halls, $117,-
187,172; 178 parks and other recreational facilities, $29,943,129; J2 mis-
cellaneous projects, $116,481,309.
Editorial
Beware of the Tub-Thumpers
Although the rumbling- of the guns in the last war is still echoing
throughout the world, talk of another war is. growing more insistent
daily. One can hardly pick up the newspapers or turn on the radio with-
out getting a verbal barrage of war talk. Everywhere you go you hear the
same line: "Another war is just around the corner." "We have to put the
Soviets in their place and the only way we can do it is by pinning their
ears back." To say that such talk is frightening is putting it mildly.
Just who are these tub-thumpers? First there are the columnists and
commentators. Most of this gentry developed into military and inter-
national experts overnight during the war. Most of them rose from hack
newspapermen to super-strategists in one easy lesson. A number of
them developed gigantic followings. Their earnings rose from $100 a
week to $50,000 and $100,000 a year. Well, they do not relish the prospect
of going back to $100 a week, and the only way they can keep from going
back is by keeping their followings. To keep their followings they resort
to sensationalism. They make mountains out of molehills. They draw on
their imaginations, evolve fancy theories and predictions. And always
they have some "inside" dope that they and they alone possess. They are
always two jumps ahead of the State Department and even the President,
they way they tell it.
Nine-tenths of the stuff they peddle is balderdash. Nine-tenths of the
time they do not know any more than you or I do. Nine-tenths of the
time their predictions and theories are no better than those of your mail-
man or garbage collector. They have a right to formulate and express their
views. If a sponsor is so inclined, he has a right to pay them for airing
their stuff in the papers and over the radio. But, by Crackie, we also
have a right to classify it as hogwash if we want to — something all of us
should bear in mind the next time we hear one of them thumping the tub
for a bigger and better war tomorrow.
The second class of tub-thumpers is some Army and Navy Brass Hats.
Mostly these gentlemen are interested in maintaining their prestige and
power. They want big appropriations from Congress and they want uni-
versal conscription in peacetime. They figure the way to get these things is
to keep the people worked up about the possibility of another war next
week or next month. Donald Nelson in his recently published book ex-
poses the constant fight these Brass Hats carried on during the war to gain
complete control of our economy and economic life; They still haven't
given up, and they probably never will so long as there is any kind of a
chance of their gaining complete control of the country. If tub-thumping
will further their aims, they are not above resorting to it.
No one can deny the international situation is grave. But the tub-
thumpers aren't helping it any — in fact they are doing immeasurable harm.
Upon his return to Canada last month from the Paris Peace Conference,
THE CAKPENTER 17
Prime Minister Mackenzie King touched on this matter at some length.
He deplored the sensationalism that is keeping things stirred up. He
expressed the opinion that the international situation would be greatly
improved if newspaper writers and radio commentators could be pre-
vailed upon to stop trying to scare the people to death in order to build up
their followings.
In any analysis, you and I are final authorities as to what course this
nation will pursue. Perhaps war will be forced on us. It has happened
before. And more than once it has been the tub-thumpers who turned the
trick. Beware of them, lest they do it again.
America Is Still the Greatest
Ordinarily there is very little for the common people to cheer about
when the National Association of Manufacturers issues a statement.
Last month, however, that august body put out some information that
should meet with universal approval. According to a press release, the
NAM is immediately undertaking a study to find out what can be done
about leveling out peaks and valleys in our production picture.
Certainly that is a constructive undertaking. The greatest curse of our
free enterprise system has been the periodic fluctuation of our economic
life-stream. Good times and bad times have followed each other with
monotonous regularity. And the good times have been getting better
while the bad times have been getting worse. The time is ripe for an
overhauling of the factors which tend to cause these fluctuations. If the
NAM is sincere in its efforts to eliminate them it will be doing the nation a
great service.
There is nothing inevitable or supernatural about business fluctuations.
They are man-made ; and because they are man-made they can be greatly
alleviated if not eliminated altogether. The first thing that is necessary
is for everyone to understand what causes them. When the causes are
understood cures should not be difficult. It is inconceivable that American
business, which surmounted well nigh insurmountable obstacles to bring
mass production to full flower, cannot solve the mystery of alternating
business cycles. Basically they are simply matters of excess optimism
and pessimism. Businessmen alternately become too optimistic then pessi-
mistic. A saner and a sounder outlook year in and year out holds the
answer.
When we have solved the matter of business fluctuations we will have
removed the one great curse of our way of life, a curse that has given the
"ism" followers the most effective ammunition in their arsenal. Even
during good times the fear of bad times weakens the faith of many people
in our way of life.
It should not be so. We enjoy a standard of living twice as high as the
people of the second best nation. We have better provisions for our old
age. We have better insurance against unemployment. We have more
control over our own futures and destinies than any peoples on the face
of the earth. But too often we are prone to take all these things for grant-
ed. Too many of us are prone to listen to the siren call of the "ism" boys
whose promises are not backed up by any notable performances in the
nations where their "isms" have been in control.
18 THE CARPENTER
So the announcement by the NAM that American business is declaring
war on needless fluctuations is good news. Here and there individual
firms have already solved the problem. A huge soap manufacturing firm
has eliminated peaks and valleys in its employment schedule for many
years. So have a shoe manufacturer and a big meat packer. These pio-
neers have shown that it can be done. If they can do it, so can other em-
ployers. As the first step, all that is needed is a thorough understanding
of all the basic factors that underlie the old boom and bust fallacies. If
the NAM succeeds in developing this understanding, it will redeem itself
for many of the short-sighted blunders it has been responsible for in the
past.
•
Sauce for the Goose
Under the new patched up and wobbling version of OPA, ceiling prices
on meats went back into effect last month. A day or two later there wasn't
so much as a single soup bone or a dried up pork chop in the average
butcher shop; this despite the fact the new ceiling prices are from ten to
twenty-five per cent higher than the old ceiling prices which expired on
June 30. And the situation is no better today and shows little promise of
becoming better tomorrow.
The plain fact of the matter is that the farmers and packers are on
strike. They are not carrying banners or doing any picketing but they are
on strike as surely as any labor organization ever was. They have pro-
duction tied up as tightly as any machine shop or boiler factory or saw-
mill was ever tied up by union action. The fact that farmers have fared
much better than workers since 1941 is only incidental. Their income
doubled and tripled during the war years while the workers increased their
earnings by less than fifty per cent on the average. The point is that the
farmers are not satisfied with what they are getting for their hogs and
cattle, so they are on strike. They just are not producing at a price they
figure is unjust.
What we are concerned with is not whether or not the farmers are
justified in their position, but rather in the fact that they are on strike
and nobody is particularly concerned. There is no great hue and cry for
legislation to make it illegal for farmers to strike. Congressmen are not
falling over each other trying to get anti-farm bills passed. There is no
organized campaign to brand the farmers as irresponsible racketeers and
Reds. ' -
Generally the same situation holds throughout industry. Many indus-
tries are on strike. They are refusing to produce the cheaper grades of
merchandise. Just try to buy a white shirt at a couple of dollars or a pair
of overalls at two and a half if you don't believe it. But you don't hear
any great agitation for anti-industry laws.
However, let a union strike, and regardless of how just its cause, the
newspapers and radio damn the workers and demand everything from jail
sentences to lynching for their leaders. From where we sit, it doesn't
make sense. If a farmer has the right not to produce when he feels he
isn't getting a fair shake, if an industrialist can shut down his machine
when he deems himself being imposed upon, certainly a worker ought to
be entitled to the same consideration.
19
For This We Fought
• • •
WARTIME miracles of 'production clearly show that America has
ample physical assets to both build and maintain high levels of
peacetime prosperity, says Stuart Chase in a new report, "For
This We Fought," soon to be issued by the Twentieth Century Fund.
Looking to the years ahead, the noted writer on economic subjects
observes, "Keeping the business cycle in line, providing full employment,
spreading social security to all who need it, administering the debt, easing
atomic energy into industry — none
of these tasks will be easy. But
in comparison with the physical
achievements of making 297,000 air-
planes from scratch, helping to beat
Germany v/ith one hand and Japan
with the other, they are kinder-
garten work. . . .
"The story . . . clearly indicates
that we in America can have any-
thing we want in a material way,
provided we want it badly enough
to organize and discipline our-
selves."
Citing some specific figures on
what we produced during the war,
Chase says, "In the five miraculous
years, the volume of manufacturing
trebled, and the output of raw ma-
terials rose 60 per cent. We made
76,000 ships, 315,000 pieces of field
artillery, 165,000 naval guns, 86,000
tanks, and 2,400,000 war trucks and
tracks. Of the ships, 64,000 were
landing craft, 6,500 were battleships,
cruisers, destroyers and other naval
vessels, 5,500 were cargo ships, to
a total tonnage of 60 million — three
times the British merchant fleet
which led the world in 1939!"
Chase shows that civilian needs
likewise were taken care of. "Now
comes one of the most extraordi-
nary miracles of all. So furious
was our rate of work that we pro-
duced both guns and butter — to use
the familiar symbols of a war econ-
omy. . . . America proceeded to turn
out guns to the misty totals just
recited, yet in 1944 its food output
was great enough to keep its armies
and allies well supplied, and to give
every citizen, on the average, 7 per
cent more food than in the 1935-1939
period !"
Looking at both sides of our war
production, Stuart Chase's report
to the Twentieth Century Fund
says, "If somebody had stood by
with a giant pair of scales, he might
have found that America produced
as much ... in civilian goods as be-
fore the war, plus as much again in
war goods — mass fabricated ships,
tanks and planes. Gross national
product rose from $97 billion in
1940 to $199 billion in 1944. Prices
also rose. Perhaps the total tonnage
was not doubled, but certainly the
increase was massive and utterly
unprecedented."
Chase indicates that in order to
achieve such huge production we
had to work longer hours and bring
in a lot of persons who were not
20
THE CARPENTER
working" when the war began and
who may not continue working in
peacetime. "The average work week
in manufacturing rose from yj to
45 hours. . . . The ratio of women
in the working population climbed
from 25 to 35 per cent."
Chase estimates that in the armed
services and civilian employment
together we brought in about "20
million new fighters and workers."
These included millions direct from
schools who had had no previous
full-time job, migratory farm labor-
ers, WPA workers both men and
women and the unemployed gener-
ally.
In one way or another we used
almost all of our available man
power and woman power. Looking
to the significance of this, Chase
says, "Although the point has not
been stressed, this recruiting job of
the fit, the near fit, and the 10 per
cent fit, destroys in one vast con-
trolled experiment the notion that
people who are not working are the
kind of people who will not work.
The 'bums and loafers' of 1940
turned into the foxhole heroes, the
flying fools, the dauntless naval
crews, of 1944. The 'scum of the
earth' from the Dust Bowl built
B-29's from San Diego to Seattle."
Stuart stresses the fact that all
our great achievements were ac-
complished without going over to
a socialist or collectivist system.
"The war demonstrated that this
furious collective output could be
organized without using the social-
ist formula — public ownership of
the means of production. The gov-
ernment went into the market,
shouting orders and waving con-
tracts. Business took the orders,
signed the contracts, and hired prac-
tically everybody who could still
stand or see. Even some of the
blind found employment. Though
the government built 1,300 factories,
it leased most of them to private
companies. The government 'took
over' land for camp sites; it took
over hotels in Florida . . . But the
fundamental policy was control
without ownership, and its success
is recorded for all to see."
After giving many figures on war-
time production, Stuart Chase in
"For This We Fought" sets forth
his conclusions. "The story is end-
less. It can never be told in full,
nor will the scars that went with
it ever be fully erased from our
planet. . . .
"The figures recited are not the
record of economic ruin but of
achievement. They show that pros-
perity follows activity. Imagine, if
you can, what the achievement
might have been had the goal been
life rather than death; building new
cities for the power age, rather than
smashing existing cities to ruble !
The conclusion here is not that
chronic warfare is the cure for
chronic depression, but a more
hopeful one. People must have a
goal to stir them to activity; some-
thing big to do, to make sacrifices
for. Then their latent powers really
come out.
"The figures prove that high
wages and high profits go together.
Today, in 1946, in a wave of strikes,
managers are striving to keep pro-
fits up by keeping wages down;
labor leaders are striving to keep
wages up by keeping profits down.
Both sides are engaged in a hope-
less task. In the power age, wages
and profits tend to be functions of
each other ; they both go up — as in
the war ; or they both go down —
as in the depression."
21
AUTHORS U1TE FOR COMMIE FIGHT
* * •
F~^IFTY prominent authors, including Louis Bromfield, Katherine
Brush, John Erskine and Clarence Buddington Kelland, have
formed an organization the purpose of which they say is to combat
"an attempt to establish a monopoly control over all literary production
in this country by Communists."
The association set up headquarters in New York. It says it is fighting
a dictatorship designed to dominate all of the nation's writers. In com-
menting on the move, Frank Wal-
drop, chief editorial writer of the
Washington Times Herald, says :
"The long dodged battle between
the Communists and the rest of the
the people who write for the mov-
ies, radio, books and magazines of
America now is shaping up out in
the open for all to see.
"We often forget and seldom ad-
mit that what we read, see and
hear actually controls what we do.
Most especially is it easy to over-
look the control that comes by in-
direction.
"For instance, when somebody
stands up in public and makes a
straight out speech for Commun-
ism, little effect follows.
"But suppose a writer is a Com-
munist, and at the same time a
very talented and entertaining fic-
tion artist. Ruth McKinney, author
of "My Sister Eileen," is a good ex-
example.
"True, Little Ruthie just got
bounced out of the Communist
party a couple of day ag-o, along
with her husband, Bruce Minton,
alias Richard Brandsten.
"Ruthie and Brucie got bounced
— to a Communist a catastrophe
equal to ex-communication from
his church for a Christian — but not
for what you may think.
"What it all boils down to is
that little Ruthie and Brucie were
pals of Earl Browder, the one-time
boss of the Communists now fired
out after all these years. And be-
cause they dared to electioneer for
Browder, they are getting the axe,
too.
"But that doesn't mean they are
any less Communistic in purpose,
spirit or effect today than they were
yesterday. They're still working
that side of the street.
"And with what effect? Well,
Brucie is one of those solemn,
double doomed agents who writes
straight Communist tracts for the
New Masses (or did until the ex-
pulsion). Nobody read his stuff ex-
cept already convinced Commu-
nists. He cuts no ice.
"But Ruthie is a clever, funny
artist. She hit her stride with that
'My Sister Eileen' series in the New
Yorker. These were made into a hit
movie with Rosalind Russell.
"Ruthie went to Hollywood and
it was a poor year when she didn't
make over $100,000 as a screen
writer.
"For a while Ruthie and Brucie
hung around Washington meddling
in politics and trying to report the
news for the New Masses. One
22
THE CARPENTER
day, Ruthie lost her purse on a
street car — with $10,000 in said
purse. Did you ever do that?
"Of course, Ruthie was a great
operative for the Reds as long as
her Communism was more or less
unknown to the general public.
Whereas Brucie was a straight
man and spotted by all. Ruthie
angled her fiction and screen
stories with great skill and style.
And the effect was disastrous to
the minds of people not on guard.
"That sort of thing has been go-
ing on for years in American lit-
erature, on the movie screens and
over the radio. The poison has
been planted deep and strong.
"Now the Communists have come
out from under the cover. They
want to lock up the writing business
altogether.
"Out in Hollywood there is an
outfit called the Screen Writers'
Guild. The Guild says Communists
don't run it, but other people, in-
cluding the labor unions, say they
do. You look its record of perform-
ances over and decide for yourself,
but if you want an opinion, it ain't
no rose by any name. It's just red !
"The Screen Writers' Guild, filled
with radicals like Ruth McKinney,
had financed the engineering of an
outfit called the American Authors
Authority which candidly proclaims
its intention of controlling every
author in the country to write for
radio, screen, magazines and books.
That's no gag, no exaggeration.
They say so themselves.
"So far as the writer knows, this
is the first expose of the plan for
Red thought control in America.
"Some authors, who are not Com-
munists, have stirred their stumps
and decided they had better fight
before they're run out of business.
Fifty prominent writers, including
Rupert Hughes, Clarence Budding-
ton Kelland, Louis Bromfield, Kath-
erine Brush, John Erskine and Ben
Stolberg, have formed an outfit call-
ed the American Writers Associa-
tion to fight back.
"In technical terms they're out
to keep the book and magazine pub-
lishers from tying themselves up
with exclusive contracts beneficial
to the American Authors Authority,
bred in Hollywood.
But in effect what they are doing
is battling to keep open the Ameri-
can mind.
"If they lose, American movies,
magazines, books and radios will go
under a cloud and we will all go
under with it.
"If the American Writer's Au-
thority gets hold of American writ-
ing, the coming generations in this
country- will wonder what hit 'em.
But they'll never know."
Golden Goose Getting Thin
It may be that greedy landlords and unscrupulous realtors have "killed
the goose that lays the golden egg."
The suggestion comes from the reliable and conservative "Wall Street
Journal," which reports that real estate prices are declining in many
cities and that owners are hurrying to sell before the bottom drops out.
Philadelphia, which has an acute housing problem, is cited as an
example of what is happening quite generally throughout the country.
Recently property has changed hands in that city at prices from 10 to 15
per cent below those quoted a few weeks ago.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
GaNEEAL Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Fiest General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Secrbtart
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
1182 St. Lawrence, Rm. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St.. Florence. S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
Notice to Recording Secretaries
The quarterly circular for the months of October, November and De-
cember, IQ46, containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to all
Local Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in re-
ceipt of this circular should notify Frank Duffy, Carpenters' Building,
Indianapolis, Indiana.
NEW
CHARTERS ISSUED
2643
Malvern, Ark.
2688
Cushman, Ore.
2368
Pound, Va.
2268
Elizabethton, Tenn.
2693
Flora, Ore.
2369
Dumas, Tex.
2270
Susanville, Cal.
2724
The Dalles. Ore.
2741
Baker, Ore.
2272
Plainview, Tex.
2697
Areata, Cal.
2388
Youngstown. O.
2276
Berlin, N. H.
2289
John Day, Ore.
2399
Jackson, Miss.
2651
Hoquiam, Wash.
2290
Amarillo, Tex.
2743
Camden, N. Y.
2654
Camptonville. Cal.
2293
Troy, Ala.
2062
Raleigh, N. C.
2267
Van Nuys, Cal.
2299
Emporium, Pa.
2757
Crystal Springs,
Miss.
2663
Fayetteville. Ark.
2329
Lock Haven, Pa.
2801
Crvstal Springs,
Miss.
2277
Greenville, Ga.
2333
Kenora, Ont.. Can.
2097
Bersford, N. B.,
Can.
2282
Flat River. Mo.
2727
Healdsburg, Cal.
2778
Meridian, Miss.
2284
DeRidder, La.
2338
Wadsworth, O.
2113
Picayune, Miss.
2666
Mayfleld. Ky.
2738
Wausau, Wis.
2115
Rexburg, Ida.
2676
Marysville, Cal.
2361
Lancaster, Pa.
Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
t&t in Ifeare
Tha Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.
Brother FRANK ALBANO, Local No. 1030, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother R. O. BEHNKE, Local No. 416, Chicago, III.
Brother JOSEPH A. BESINGER, Local No. 1335, Wilmington, CaL
Brother T. H. CAMPBELL, Local No. 655, Amarillo, Tex.
Brother CARL CARLSON, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
Brother S. H. CATOR, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother JOHN CORLE, Local No. 1050, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother GEORGE CRAVEN, Local No. 453, Auburn, N. Y.
Brother JOHN CYPSER, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother JAMES C. DUIGAN, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother J. E. DURRER, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother JOHN S. GEDNEY, Local No. 301, Newburgh, N. Y.
Brother WILLIAM GORVETT, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
Brother IGNATZ GROSSMAN, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother JAMES HOPKINS, Local No. 740, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother HARRY G. HOWES, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother CHARLES KELLING, Local No. 1485, La Porte, Ind.
Brother JACOB KESSLER, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother ERNEST A. KNAUST, Local No. 301, Newburgh, N. Y.
Brother CHARLES KOEHLER, Local No. 740, Bayside, N. Y.
Brother BERNARD S. McATEER, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
Brother FRED McLEAN, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
Brother KARL CHARLES MEYER, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother HENRY J. MILLER, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother ANTHONY MURIARTY, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
Brother JOHN A. NICHOLSON, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.'
Brother M. A. NICHOLSON, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
Brother SIDNEY J. PEARSE, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother WALTER D. RICKIRT, Local No. 229, Glens Falls, N. Y.
Brother ADOLPH RUETER, Local No. 47, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother KARL SCHAFER, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother OSCAR SCHMIDT, Local No. 1538, Miami, Ariz.
Brother CHAS. SHANABROOK, Local No. 854, Cincinnati, 0.
Brother PETER SHUKLIS, Local No. 261, Scranton, Pa.
Brother HERBERT SNOW, Local No. 261, Scranton, Pa.
Brother ROY TAYLOR, Local No. 261, Scranton, Pa.
Brother JOSEPH TROMBLEY, Local No. 229, Glens Falls, N. Y.
Brother GEO. W. VAUGHN, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother JAMES WOODBURY, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
CorrQspondQncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
Poughkeepsie Local Marks 60th Birthday
The Editor :
On August io, 19^46, Local Union No. 203, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., held
their Sixtieth Anniversary Banquet at the Nelson House. The banquet
hall was filled to capacity with members, families and friends of the Union.
The toastmaster, William Sorensen, President of the Building Trades
Council, performed his duties admirably.
The Guest Speakers were : Judge J. Gordon Flannery, County Judge of
Dutchess County, New York; Brother Charles Johnson, Jr., General Ex-
ecutive Board Member of our Brotherhood, who conveyed the sincere
greetings of General President Hutcheson to the assemblage, and Mr. E.
Pensal, Editor of the Poughkeepsie "Plain Dealer."
President Pierre Champlain presented tokens of esteem to three
grand veterans of our Union:
Brother Joseph Hale — 58 years membership.
Brother Mark Strickland — 56 years membership.
Brother Harvey Neal — 47 years membership and 42 years Recording
Secretary of our Local Union.
The speakers referred in their remarks to the efforts put forth by
these veterans of the United Brotherhood, to whom Local Union 203
owes so much.
Brother William Beck, Chairman of the Arrangement Committee, per-
formed a marvelous job in arranging this affair and all of our members
are grateful to him for the pleasant time they had.
Our Financial Secretary, Gus Wolfarth, was much in evidence and was
kept busy throughout the evening in assisting in keeping things moving
smoothly.
Our Treasurer, Brother Fred Quarterman, was on the dais with the
speakers.
Dancing followed the Dinner and the members and guests enjoyed
celebrating their Sixtieth Anniversary, which was also the 65th Anni-
versary of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
Fraternally yours, Walter J. Stanton, Jr., Rec. Sec.
Local Union No. 203.
♦
Mattoon Local Celebrates 47th Birthday
On Sunday, August 18th, members of Local Union No. 347, Mattoon,
Illinois, celebrated the Forty-seventh Anniversary of the founding of
the union with a basket picnic dinner at Peterson Park, Mattoon. Between
fifty and fifty-five members and their families were present and a very
enjoyable time was had by all.
26 THE CARPENTER
One Vet's Housing Problem Solved
Veterans throughout the nation may be faced with a desperate housing-
situation, but one ex-soldier — thanks to the generosity and cooperation of
Local 372, Lima, Ohio — is sitting pretty. He is ex-PFC Charles Jennings.
Last month he and his wife and two sons, Timmy and Johnny, moved into
a new five room house erected in one day by members of Local No. 372.
Veteran Jennings and his family were in desperate straits after fire
destroyed their little cottage in July. For several months they lived with
relatives. All the while ex-private Jennings was able to work only part
Pictured above in early afternoon is veteran Jennings' new home rapidly taking
shape. It might well be captioned "The House That Cooperation Built."
time because of a right arm shattered by a Jap bullet in the Aleutians.
When his plight became known to the members of Local Union No. 372
that organization decided it was time to do something about the matter.
On a Saturday morning thirty-eight members of the Local, all top
notch carpenters, descended on the site of the Jennings new home. All day
long the sound of rasping saws and pounding hammers filled the air. By
nightfall the new home was virtually completed. The women were there
to provide encouragement and box lunches. When five o'clock came the
carpenters were tired but happy and the Jennings were on the verge of
tears — tears of sheer happiness.
The members of Local Union No. 372 can be as proud of their achieve-
ment as Lima and the surrounding communities are proud of them. They
demonstrated that the "Brotherhood" part in the name of their organiza-
tion is something more than just a word.
THE CARPENTER 27
New York State Council Holds 40th Meet
The Editor :
The New York State Council of Carpenters, held their Fortieth An-
nual Convention at the Powers Hotel, Rochester, N. Y., on August 15-16-17.
The convention was one of the largest in point of attendance in the
history of the Council.
Addresses were given by First General Vice-President Maurice A.
Hutcheson ; Charles Johnson, Jr., General Executive Board Member;
Hon. Charles H. Tuttle, Counsel for the Brotherhood in the Anti-Trust
cases ; and a number of others prominent in the administration of state
agencies.
Resolutions were introduced and discussed on a number of subjects
including proposed amendments to the Social Security Law, Unemploy-
ment Insurance Law and other measures. Apprentice Training represen-
tatives from U. S. Department of Labor and the New York State Appren-
ticeship Council, explained the procedure of setting up joint apprentice
committees. A representative of the Veterans Administration spoke on
the manner by which those apprentices who were veterans could obtain
thejr government subsidy. All answered many questions put to them by
the delegates. The immediate abolition of the Wage Adjustment Board
was the unanimous vote of the delegates.
President Charles W. Hanson and the entire set of officers were re-
elected with the exception of Board Member Fox, who was succeeded by
William Quinn of Syracuse. The Council sincerely regrets losing Brother
Fox, who had been active in its affairs for a long period. Illness has con-
fined him to his home for over a year.
Fraternally yours,
John McMahon, Secretary-Treasurer.
Passaic Local Honors Old Timer
The Editor:
In sincere tribute to his fifty years of continuous membership, Local
Union No. 490, Passaic, N. J., on May 31 paid special honor to Brother
John Van Week As a mark of esteem, the president turned over the gavel
to Brother Van Weel and allowed him to conduct the meeting that evening.
Later in the evening he was presented with a beautiful pen and pencil set
handsomely engraved with his name and years of membership.
Since that time, Brother Van Weel has made application to enter the
home and has been accepted. He is residing there now and enjoying
himself immensely. He writes that the Home is something of which the
United Brotherhood can be proud and it would take nothing less than a
steam engine to get him out now.
In his half century of loyalty to the Brotherhood, Brother Van Weel
has earned the gratitude of his brother members and we wish him many
happy and healthy years of life at the Home.
Fraternally yours,
Cornelius P. Warner, Secretary.
28 THE CARPENTER
Local 60 Fetes Indiana State Council
Friday the 13th of September may have been a jinx in some places but
it was far from' it rn Indianapolis where Local Union No. 60 of that city
honored the delegates to the 29th Annual Convention of the Indiana
State Council of Carpenters with an elaborate and long-to-be-remembered
banquet and entertainment. Between 1,000 and 1,200 members, guests and
friends filled the banquet rooms of Murat Temple to near capacity for the
occasion.
In these days of food shortages the banquet was a marvel of gastro-
nomic delight. Thick, tender steaks of pre-war qualit}^ and quantity
headed the menu, and the trimmings were all in keeping. Fish was pro-
vided for those who did not care to eat meat. There was an all-girl
orchestra to provide entertainment during the banquet and music for the
dancing which followed. In addition to the officers of and delegates to
the Indiana State Council of Carpenters, special guests included, M. A.
Hutcheson, First General Vice President; S. P. Meadows, General Treas-
urer; Frank Duffy, General Secretary; A. E. Fischer, Assistant to the
General Secretary; and R. E. Roberts, Executive Board Member. The
speakers fable was beautifully decorated with floral pieces and bunting.
All who attended declared the affair an unqualified success.
In its two day sessions, the Indiana State Council went on record as
opposing a continuation of government controls. A resolution was adopted
calling for an immediate termination of controls and restrictions on com-
mercial construction and of wage-price controls. The Convention also
went on record as opposing the inclusion of the Communist Party on
election ballots for sfovernment offices.
Black Marketeers Not All Gangsters
Contrary to a popular notion, black markets in scarce commodities are
not operated by criminals of the Al Capone type, but by supposedly
reputable manufacturers and business men.
This is pointed out by the Office of Price Administration, and it gave
emphasis to the statement by disclosing that Department of Justice agents
are investigating more than 300 corporations and individuals who have
diverted millions of yards of textiles into illegal channels.
The investigation is headed up before a special Federal grand jury
in New York which has already handed down a number of indictments.
Six corporations have been convicted of black market operations, as
well as tax frauds. The two crimes go hand in hand, the statement
declared.
A Department of Justice official revealed that materials which have
been kept out of legal marketing channels range from the raw state to
finished goods, including shirts, pajamas and women's dresses.
"This illegal market has contributed materially to the present shortage
of some types of clothing," he added.
In addition to diversion, Federal agents are also running down clues
that manufacturers have engaged in widespread frauds in connection with
priorities.
Craft Problom s
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 217
Along with the hammer and the saw,
the chisel is one of the indispensable
tools. But like all other hand tools, it
is not used as extensively today as it
used to be, back in the pioneer days
when heavy timber framing flourished.
It was in those days that the use of
the chisel reached its peak in this coun-
try. For weeks before the frame of a
heavy timber barn could be raised, car-
penters would be at work framing the
timbers. Some had to have mortises,
gome tenons and others scarf points.
Fig. 1
Strong chisels of various sizes were
used. The corners of mortises were cut
with corner chisels, which had right-
angle cutting edges. There was so much
of this work, that the mortisers used
mallets for driving the chisels to protect
the handles. Mallets were among every
carpenter's tools, which were carried in
large trunklike chests with roomy tills.
Some of those chests when they were
packed with tools, made a load for two
men to move from one place to another.
Those were also the days when that
large chisel-like tool, called slick, was
much used, and the boring machine.
Three chisels, each of a different size,
are shown by Fig. 1. It will not be
possible or necessary for us to call at-
tention to the many different sizes and
makes of chisels that are in general use
today; however, the need for a partic-
ular kind of chisel should be the de-
termining factor as to whether or not
to buy one. Chisels can be bought in
sets, but in this writer's judgment it is
better to buy only such chisels as one
needs. When he started out, this writer
bought a set of chisels, which was a
Fig
mistake. It was that set of chisels that
prevented him from buying other chisels
that he really wanted, but didn't need
because he had a full set.
Sharpening chisels is important. The
cutting edge should be straight across,
as shown to the left in Fig. 2, and not
as shown to the right. The kind of bevel
for a chisel point should be determined
-15*
Fig. 3
by the work that is to be done with it.
If the chisel is to be used where grit or
nails are likely to be struck, it should
be ground to a rather dull angle, say,
around 2 5 degrees.
30
THE CARPENTER
Fig. 3 shows edge views of the blades
of three chisels, giving the angles to
which the cutting edges are ground. At
A we have a very-practical angle, which
is suitable for general use. At B we
show an angle that makes a point that
is suitable for work in soft wood, while
at C we show the hollow-ground point.
Hollow grinding is commonly used to-
day, because most chisels are ground on
tool grinders with small wheels. The
point shown at C is suitable for work
in soft wood, but especially for butt
mortising and lock mortising. The bev-
els we are showing are basic, which is
to say, they give the student a basis to
work from. The workman should first
determine what kind of bevel he wants
before he starts to do the grinding.
Grinding in a "by guess and by garsh"
way, will bring just that kind of re-
sults.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4, A, B and C, shows chisels on
an oilstone, giving the degrees of the
angles in figures for the oilstone finish.
It will be noticed that the angles and
reference letters are the same as those
shown in Fig. 3. As a rule, though, the
oilstone finish is made at a little duller
angle, from 1 to 3 degrees, excepting
the hollow-ground point, which should
have the heel just contact the stone
without pressure. At D we show how
the back of the chisel should be finished
on the oilstone. Again, the positions
shown are basic, giving the workman
something to work from.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5 shows an oilstone in plane, set
in a case. The arrows show how a chisel
is pushed over the face of the stone. A,
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
CARPENTRY, — Ha» over 300 pages, more than 750
Illustrations, covering carpentry from Halting out to
fitting and hanging doors. Trice. $2.50.
QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— This book covers hun-
dreds of practical building problems, has 252 pages and
670 illustrations. Price $2.50.
BUILDING.— This book has 210 pages and 495
Illustrations, covering form building, scaffolding, finish-
ing, plans for a house, stair building, roof framing
and other subjects. Price $2.50. (Carpentry, Building
and Quick Construction support each other.)
TWIGS OF THOUGHT,— Poetry. 64 pages, brown
cloth binding and two-color title page. Only $1.00.
PUSHING BUTTONS. — The prose companion of
Twigs of Thought. Illustrated. Cloth, Only $1.00.
Postage prepaid when money accompanies the order.
Order u U CIETtfTI C 222 So. Const. St.
today. "« «» »3EHLslCI_E Emporia, Koniai
FREE — With 2 books, Pushing Buttons free; with 3
books, Twigs of Thought and Pushing Buttons free —
autographed. Make that Christmas gift a book.
B and C show three different positions
that the chisel is in, in making one
circuit. The chisel is held by the handle
with the right hand, while the pressure
is put on the chisel with the left hand
by placing the fingers on the chisel
where it is shown marked A. The
amount of pressure put on the chisel
determines the amount of cutting the
stone will do. Never put on so much
pressure with the left hand, that the
right hand can not freely control the
movements of the chisel. All of these
things must be acquired by practice,
using what is said here as a basis.
Fig. 6 gives two positions of a chisel
while cutting the ends and the edge of a
butt mortise. At 1 we show, shaded,
the end already cut, which was done
with the chisel in the position shown
at 4, but in reverse order. At 2 is
shown, by dotted lines, the position of
the chisel in cutting the edge of the
mortise. The same position is used in
cutting the part at 3. The chisel in
THE CARPENTER
31
position for cutting the ends of the
mortise is shown at 4.
Fig
Fig. 7 shows the same mortise, one
step farther advanced, partly chipped.
cut just a little less than the depth of
the mortise.
Fig. 8 shows the mortise with the
chisel in position for roughing out the
chips. In soft wood this cutting can be
done with a chisel by means of hand
pressure, but when the wood is tough
or hard, the chisel must be driven with
a hammer, or mallet.
Fig. 9 shows the last step in mortising
for a butt. To the right the mortising
has been finished, but to the left it is
shown only partly finished. In mortising
for butts in this way much practice is
necessary to get the mortise just right,
not too deep and not too shallow.
(Copyrighted 1946) — H. H. Siegele
Fig.
Here the chisel is in position for chip-
ping the wood. In doing this, care must
Fig
be taken not to cut deeper than the
mortise is to be. In order to be safe,
—PRICE LIST —
Label and Emblem Novelties
Card Cases (Label) $ .10
Key Chains (Label) 15
Fobs (Label and Emblem) . .50
Gavels (Labels) 1.25
Pins (Emblem) 1.00
Buttons (Emblem) 1.00
Cuff Links (Emblem) 1.50
Match Box Holders (Label) .15
Belt Loop and Chain (Label) .75
Pins, Ladies Auxiliary (Em-
blem) 1.75
Auto Radiator Emblems. . . 1.25
In Ordering These Goods Send All Orders
and Make All Remittances Payable to
FRANK DUFFY, Gen. Sec,
Carpenters' Bid., 222 E. Michigan St.
Indianapolis, Ind.
50 Cents Per Dozen
CARPENTERS
Demand the Best Tha Genuine
V F. P. M. SAWS AND BLADES
The Saw of Superior Quality with a National Reputation.
|5 Manufactured by a member of U. B. of C. & J. of A. No. 1.
If your dealer does not handle, write direct to me.
II
P.
3722
P. MAXSON, Sole Manufacturer
N. Aahland Ave. CHICAGO. ILL.
Recent poll shows... for Asbestos Building Materials
;-Manw'/fc
60 *> /
What this preference means to you • . .
• A greater reputation for quality
— that's one of the advantages
you gain by using Johns-Manville
Building Materials . . . They have
consumer confidence.
Take, for example, Asbestos
Building Materials. In a recent
poll, prospective home buyers
indicated their preference for
Johns-Manville sixty to one!*
Not only that, but 83% said
they would even pay more to get
the fire safety of asbestos products.
Back of this tremendous public
acceptance is a complete mer-
chandising program which in-
cludes the powerful J-M radio
feature, "Bill Henry and the
News." Broadcast five nights a
week over CBS, the program
helps make Johns-Manville a
household word that stands for
the best in Building Materials.
I
*In a nation-wide poll of public
opinion, 67.5% of those interviewed
knew the name of a manufacturer of
Asbestos Building Materials. 59.5%
said Johns-Manville. 0.9% said-Com-
pany "A". 0.7% said Company "B".
6.4% was divided among 13 other
manufacturers.
J-M Asbestos
FEexboard
JOHNS-MANVILLE
Johns-Manville Building Materials
ASBESTOS FLEXBOARD • ASBESTOS SIDING AND ROOFING SHINGLES "odTTt
&sw FILING
You can have a good steady, cash
business of your own reconditioning
saws with the Foley Automatic Saw
Filer, which makes old saws cut like
new again. The Foley is the ONLY
Machine that files hand saws, also
band and circular saws. Easy to
operate — no eyestrain.
SEND FOR FREE PLAN — Shows how to
start in spare time — no canvassing.
Send coupon today— no salesman will
call.
FOLEY^&^SAW FILER &
^FfllPY MFft Pft l018-6 Fo,ey BldQ-
£ rULCI Wim. UU. Minneapolis 13. Minn.
b. Send Free Plan on Saw Filing business — no
t. obligation.
» Name
^ Address
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to kaep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $5.00,
and pay the balance of $25.00 at $5.00 per
month, making a total of $30.00 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Johnson Building C, Denver 2, Colorado
YOU CAN DO YOUR LEVEL BEST WITH
STANLEY
CHERRY LEVELS
No. 23 Level is made 6i seasoned, kiln-dried cherry wood,
sealed against moisture. Its six "Cat's Eye" glasses are
fully adjustable in pairs at any point of the circle, any
angle desired, or for degree of pitch to the foot. Dust-tight,
water-tight cases - adjustment protected by fixed cover
plate so glasses remain true against accidental blows. Ask for Stanley
Cherry Levels and other Stanley Tools by name.
STANLEY TOOLS, 163 Elm St., New Britain, Conn.
THE TOOL BOX
[STANLEY]
OF THE WORLD
Trade Mark
HARDWARE- HAND TOOLS- ELECTRIC TOOLS
Important J^g,
NOTICE!
At present we are unable to produce
Lee (Union-Made) Carpenters' Over-
alls because:
J# We are unable to secure the
top quality, special woven ma-
terial that goes into every pair
of Lee Carpenters' Overalls.
2# There are not enough skilled
operators available at present
to keep our five Lee factories
busy.
Lee Carpenters' Overalls will again be
available when we can obtain the
best quality material and when we
have sufficient skilled Union Operaj
tors to man the machines in the five
great Lee factories.
tee it the largest Manufacturer of
UNION-MADE Work Clothing in the World
THE H. D. LEE CO.
Kansas City, Mo. Minneapolis, Minn.
Trenton, N. J. San Francisco, Cal.
South Bend, Ind. Salina, Kans.
AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides
4voI$.*6
* Inside Trade Information On:
How to use the steel square — How to file and set
eaws — How to build furniture-l-How to use a
mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How to uso
rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpenters
arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems— -Es-
timating strength of timbers — How to set girders
and sills — How to frame houses and roofs — How to
estimate costs — How to build houses, barns, gar-
ages, bungalows, etc.— How to read and draw
plans — Drawing up specifications — How to ex-
cavate— ;How to use settings 12. 13 and 17 on the
steel square — How to build hoists and scaffolds —
skylights — How to .build stairs — How to put on
interior trim — How to hang doors — How to lath-
lay floors — How to paint
Insld* Trade Information
lor Carpenters. Builders. Join-
ers, Building Mechanics and
Ml Woodworkers. Thesi
Guides give you the short-cut
instructions that you want— -
including new niethoda. ideas,
solutions, plans, systerhs an<t
money saving suggestions. An
easy progressive course for the
apprentice and student. A
practical daily helper and
Quick Reference for tho master
worker. Carpenters every-
wherei are using these- Guides
?,", "Helping Hand to Easier
Work. Better Worlf and Bet-
ter Pay. To get this assist-
ance for yourself, simply fill
i?n"r?dhSa" "" FREE COU-
rON below.
THEO. AUDEL & CO.. 49 W. 23rd St., New York City
Mail Audel
I will remit SI. tn 7 day
No oMigotioa urjeu J
Name,..
Address.
Occupation.
Rclenmtfl, .
CAR
# Because quality construction is basic in its manufacture, users
of The "OVERHEAD DOOR" are assured continued ease of op-
eration and dependable performance at all times in all weathers.
Beyond this there is satisfaction in the handsome appearance
this expertly engineered door presents, for it blends with any
style of architecture. The "OVERHEAD DOOR" with the Miracle
Wedge, built for residential, commercial and industrial use, is
weathertight and tamperprbof. It is the door to specify for con-
stantly reliable service — and more.
TRACKS AND
HARDWARE OF
SALT SPRAY STEEL
OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION ♦ Hartford City, Indiana, U. S. A.
OVERHEAD DOOR COfiPDR
© Any "OVERHEAD DOOR" may be manu-
ally or electrically opera fed. Sold and in-
stalled by Nation-Wide Sales — Installation
— Service.
I I
.-••,* «*<$^»N»* ^,,
FOUNDED 1881
Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA
NOVEMBER, 1946
STILL IN THE DOG HOUSE J
^ „ ott otViet maws
OT2
When thousands of carpenters were asked
what wztf&tf of hand saws and how many of each
make they owned, it was learned that they
owned twice as many Disston hand saws as
all other makes combined ... a convincing
endorsement of Disston quality, for it comes
from men to whom extra sharp, true cutting,
long lasting saws are indispensable. Here is
what a few of them say:
"Disston saws are the best for any kind
of work"
"The Disston is of finer steel and well
balanced"
"Disston saws hold an edge longer"
There are Disston saws for every kind of work
. . . the right saw for each job. An
outstanding favorite among carpen-
ters is the Disston D-8 shown below.
/VVVV^AVvV^AAA'VVVvVVVVVVVVV^A■VV\AAAAAAA'V^
DISSTON D-8
The Original Skew-back Hand Saw
Medium weight. Made of the famous Disston
Steel, tempered and hardened for faster cutting
and to stay sharp longer. Cross-cut saws are
made in 20-inch, 10 points; 22-inch, 8 and 10
points; 24-inch, 8 and 10 points; 26-inch, 7, 8,
10 and 11 points. Rip saws, 26-inch, 5x/2 points.
HENRY DISSTON & SONS. INC. 1104 Tacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa., U.S. A.
Ask your Hardware Retailer
for a FREE copy of the
Disston Saw, Tool and File
Manual, or write to us direct.
D/ssro/v
The saw most Carpenters use
THBCABR
A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
Established In 1881
Vol. LXVI— No. 11
INDIANAPOLIS, NOVEMBER, 1946
One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy
Con tents
Labor Gets Squeezed
Eighth Quarterly Report of Reconversion Director Steelman proves what all workers
have long known; narneiy, that the cost of living has been climbing much faster than
wages, thereby reducing standards of living.
10
Although it is pretty definitely established that there is no two-year limitation on
allotments to veterans taking apprenticeship training, at the same time the $175-$200
wage ceiling imposed by Public Law 679 works an unnecessary hardship on veterans
who deserve better.
Vets Deserve More
Planning Is Imperative
Blasts Against Labor Are False
13
There is a tremendous backlog of needed public construction piling up. This backlog
can be used to good advantage when private building begins falling off. However,
before it can serve as a buffer against unemployment, preliminary planning must be
completed so that projects can be gotten under way at the moment they can do the
most good.
15
Facts and figures dispel any notion that the productivity of labor has been sliding
down hill— something some employer groups have long been using as a propaganda
weapon to discredit unions.
•
PTHER DEPARTMENTS:
Plane Gossip
Editorials -
Official
In Memoriam
Correspondence -
To the Ladies
Craft Problems -
Index to Advertisers
8
16
18
25
26
27
28
• * *
Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
this preference con help you . . .
HOW DO YOU COMPETE AGAINST
JERRY-BUILT CONSTRUCTION'?
I USE QUALITY
MATERIALS
WHICH HAVE
CONSUMER,
CONFIDENCE
WHENEVER you identify
yourself with well-known
quality building products, your
own business future becomes
all the more secure.
That's one of the great ad-
vantages of selling Johns-
Manville Building Materials.
They enjoy consumer confidence.
Consider roofing. In a recent
nation-wide poll, consumers
were asked to identify the man-
ufacturer of roofing materials
in which they have greatest con-
fidence. They named Johns-
Manville eight to one! *
One reason for this tremen-
dous acceptance is the J-M radio
program, "Bill Henry and the
News." It reaches one of the
largest of all .listening audi-
ences . . . helps make Johns-
Manville a household word
that stands for the best in
Building Materials.
JJS 75% of all people interviewed knew
the name of a manufacturer of roofing
materials. 46% said Johns-Manville.
5.8% said Company "B". 3.3% said
Company "C". The remaining 19.9%
was divided among 43 other manu-
facturers of roofing materials.
fgOQPlftlS MATERIALS
hestos & Asphalt Shingles • Roll Ri
If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If y&u decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $5.00,
and pay the balance of $25.00 at $5.00 per
month, making a total of $30.00 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Johnson Building C, Denver 2, Colorado
Get a
FIRM GRIP
HOLLOW MATERIALS
PAINE "SS
Paine Spring Wing Toggle
Bolts take hold in hollow
walls and provide sure, per-
manent support for hanging
or securing fixtures. The two-
piece toggle springs into
place after insertion end will
not pull out or work loose.
Available in several head
styles in standard bolt di-
ameters from Vs" to V2" in
standard lengths.
Ask Your Hardware Dealer or Write
123 for Catalog.
THE PAINE CO.
2967 Carroll Ave., Chicago 12, Illinois
Offices in Principal Cities
; WMMmw
FASTENING [)f\flf[C
and HANGING l/L VILlJ
Carpenters agree that the bit
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Millers Falls places major emphasis on its
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manufacture. The result is a brace that holds
an outstanding position for quality and
fine design.
When you choose your most important
tool, make certain you choose the best — a
Millers Falls Bit Brace.
One Thing in Common — Quality I
MILLERS FAILS
£ TOOLS >
MILLERS FALLS
COMPANY
Greenfield, Mas$.
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NOTICE
reserve the
which may
tlonable to
herhood of
"The Car
b non-can-
the above
The publishers of "The Carpenter"
right to roject all advertising mattor
be. In their Judgment, unfair or obje(
the membership of the United Bro
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising space in
penter," including those stipulated a
cellablo. are only accepted subject to
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Ace
essories
P»ffe
E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis
Ind.
4th Cover
1
Henry Disston & Sons, Inc.,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
32
Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111.
3rd Cover
Millers Falls, Greenfield, Mass
4
Paine Company, Chicago, 111
3
Spee-Dowl, North Plainfield, N. J.
4
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
3rd Cover
Carpentry Materials
Johns-Manville, New York, N. Y.
3
Technical Courses and
Books
American School, Chicago, 111
29
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111.
31
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y.__3rd Cover
Home Builders Training Institute,
Chicago, 111.
4
Mason Engineering Service, Kala-
mazoo, Mich.
32
D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn.
31
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans
30
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo
3
KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE FAMILY!
PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS
Eighth Quarterly Report shows living standards
slipping as price increases nullify pay boosts
Labor Gets Squeezed
E
ARLY LAST MONTH the Director of War Mobilization and Re-
conversion handed to the President and Congress the Eighth
' Quarterly Report on progress of the nation. For all its graphs
and charts, it was not a report to create unbounded optimism or cause
dancing in the streets. The plain facts of the case are that well into the
second year after V-J Day our economic recovery is still staggering
along in a very wobbly manner. The threat of inflation is as great as ever.
Production is still out of balance. Shortages still exist in many vital com-
modities. For all its efforts to paint a rosy picture, the report takes on the
aspects of "whistling in the dark."
Of particular interest is the sec-
tion of the report which deals with
wages and prices. Although it will
come as a surprise to no one who
works for a living, the report finds
that during the third quarter of this
year the real wages of the nation's
workers decreased. Hourly rates
went up but prices went up faster.
Workers are now worse off than
they have been at any time since the
early war years in spite of their
higher hourly rates. Their money
will buy much less today than it
would in 1941. Today taxes are tak-
ing a much healthier cut out of the
envelope than they did five years
ago. Coupled together, these things
mean that the living standards of
America's workers are poorer today
than they were shortly after Pearl
Harbor, for all the better wage rates
they may be drawing down.
Because it certifies what the na-
tion's workers have long known
through dollars and cents experi-
ence, we are herewith reprinting
that portion of the report dealing
with wages and prices:
"Between the middle of June and
the middle of July the Bureau of
Labor Statistics' consumers price
index rose 5.8 per cent. This in-
crease was almost entirely due to a
14 per cent increase in the food
component of the index. Much of
the increase occurred, of course, af-
ter suspension of price control on
June 30.
"The more sensitive Bureau of
Labor Statistics' comprehensive
wholesale price' index of some 900
commodities rose 10 per cent be-
tween June and July. Farm prod-
ucts rose 12 per cent while other
than farm products and food rose
only 3 per cent. The highly sensi-
tive Bureau of Labor Statistics' in-
dex of 28 raw materials prices,
heavily weighted by agricultural
raw materials, rose 25 per cent be-
tween June 29, the last business day
under the old price control act, and
July 24, the day before the new
price control law was signed.
"The restoration of price con-
trols on most commodities late in
July had little effect on the general
level of prices. Such price reduc-
tions as were put into effect were
more than offset by continued free-
dom of price increases allowed by
OPA in accordance with require-
ments of the new price control law.
PRICES, TAXES AND WAGES
50
3 35
O
X
30
25lvv
Though hours of employment
in manufacturing industries
have fallen from the peak . . .
hourly earnings have risen
120
110
100 ci
o
X
90 £
so 53
70
41 42 '43 '44 '45 '46
'41 42 43 '44 '45 46
AAl 60
50
25 ^
so that weekly earnings are
not down so
sharply. .
But the rise in prices.
CONSUMERS PRICE
130
160
'41 42 '43 44 '45 '46
'41 '42 '43 44 '45 46
ss4 80
v»
plus tax.es . . .
O
o
</>
a 40
z
<
in
UJ
X
^ 30
IU
3
O
u
2 20
S!N
O
u.
O
**'
,a<mm
**
«♦
0 ,0
3
4
MARRIED -3 DEP. TAX
UJ
••*
1 * 1
t& 0
1 1
■^
'41 '42 '43 '44 '45 '46
have driven VeaF wages hack
to the lowest point since early
war yeas-s.
ED- 3 DER
SINGLE WORKER
>0
4 5
40 £
35 <
'41 '42 '43 '44 '45 '46
JO
25
Does not include the 5 points approved by Executive Order in Fall of 1945
THE CARPENTER
The comprehensive weekly index of
wholesale prices moved on to slight-
ly higher levels in August. Price
declines with the reimposition of
price controls on livestock (August
29) and meats (September 3) how-
ever, reduced the weekly index to
mid-July levels, thus offsetting the
rise of the previous 6 weeks.
"Between mid- June and mid-Au-
gust, the consumers price index
rose 8 per cent, almost entirely due
to price rises in food and clothing.
Since the restoring of price con-
trols, however, the rate of consumer
price increases has been retarded,
and the Government will continue
to use all of its powers to hold
prices in check.
"Although many employes have
received increases of 18^ cents per
hour set by the pattern in steel, the
average wage rate increase for all
industry is well below this figure.
The popular belief that 18^ cents
per hour is the "national pattern"
of general wage increases has serv-
ed to obscure essential facts con-
cerning the level of increases
which were approved by the Na-
tional Wage Stabilization Board for
pricing purposes or where increased
costs to the Government might re-
sult. Between February 15 and June
30, 1946 the NWSB approved by
formal ruling to more than 4 million
employes an average increase in
basic wage rates of 14.7 cents per
hour. Thirty-sevenper cent of these
employes received less than a 15
cents increase.
"The average increase in wage
rates has been offset to a consider-
able extent by reduction in over-
time and by shifts in employment
from higher-paid wartime to lower-
paid peacetime industries and occu-
pations, by the decline of piecework
earnings in some cases and other
factors. On a straight-time basis,
average hourly earnings between
VE-day and July of this year have
increased by 9.5 per cent in durable
goods manufacturing, or an average
of 9.6 per cent in all manufacturing.
"Despite the increase in wage
rates and in straight-time hourly
earnings, gross weekly earnings of
all employes in manufacturing in-
dustries have decreased between
April, 1945 and July, 1946 by ap-
proximately 8.5 per cent. This was
the result of the reconversion cut-
backs in the work week, the elim-
ination of overtime payments, and
shifts in employment from wartime
to peacetime industries. This 8.5
per cent decrease, expressed in dol-
lars and cents, means that the aver-
age employe in manufacturing in-
dustry earning $47.12 in April 1945,
was taking home in July, 1946, $4.05
per week less, or about $43.07.
"It is thus evident that, while
average wage rates have increased
by a substantial amount, the money
which the average working family
has to spend per week has decreased
since VE-day. With the rise of 11
per cent in the prices of consumers
goods between April, 1945 and July,
1946, real weekly earnings have de-
creased that much further. In com-
parison with 1941, greatly increased
personal income taxes paid by
workers constitute another signifi-
cant factor.
"This downward trend in real
wages should and will be reversed.
Basically the only cure lies in the
output of more finished goods and
services. Any significant decline in
production, however caused, must
necessarily reduce real wages of the
workers of this country, and a gen-
eral round of large wage increases
now can benefit only special groups,
and in general will do so at the ex-
pense of fellow-workers."
SIP
NOT MUCH OF A CHANGE
Grandpappy Morgan, a resident of the
Ozarks, had wandered off into the hills
and when supper time came he failed to
return. Young Jake was sent out to
search for him and bring him in. Jake
located Grandpappy standing quietly in
a clump of bushes.
"Gettin' dark, Grandpap," said Jake.
"Yep," said Grandpappy.
"Supper's ready."
"Yep."
"Ain't ye hungry, Grandpap?"
"Yep."
"Wal, ain't ye comin' home?"
"Nope."
"Why not?"
"Can't."
"Why cain't ye?"
"Standin' in a b'ar trap."
And the thought just occurred to us
that labor is in a position about like
Grandpappy when it comes to getting
wages caught up with prices. The bu-
reaucratic "beartrap" has got us by the
seat of the britches.
• • •
IT SEEMS THAT WAY
A dime is a dollar with the taxes
taken out.
Didn't have your mother's picture so
made Totem Pole face from memory.
SOUNDS FAMTLIAR
A survey made by a reseach organiza-
tion uncovered the fact that the first
strike occurred in America in 1786, a
year before the Constitution was draft-
ed, when Philadelphia printers walked
off the job to back up their demands for
a wage of six dollars per week.
So far as we know nobody has dug up
the facts yet, but we are willing to bet
the first anti-labor speech in Congress
was made shortly thereafter. Some Con-
gressman probably got up and proposed
a bill to shackle unionism because "la-
bor was getting too powerful," "strikes
were ruining the nation," "labor leaders
were irresponsible," etc.
BLAME OP A
Item appearing in a box on Page 1
of a small Indiana weekly newspaper:
"Due to the shortage of paper we are
sorry to announce that a number of
births will have to be postponed until
later."
• • •
OH, YEAH?
"OPA is rolling up its sleeves. From
now on the price line is not only going
to be held but even rolled back." So
says a high official in Washington,
according to the papers.
Pardon us while we stifle a yawn.
We have heard that before. Judging
from past experience, we know about
how effective it is going to be. OPA's
efforts to hold the line sort of remind
us of the ticket seller in a big city
railroad office.
"What do you do when someone for-
gets to pick up his change?" he was
asked.
"Oh, I always rap on the counter
as loudly as possible with a dollar
bill," he replied.
HE IS ONE OF THEM
"A pedestrian," says Joe Paup, the
beer-barrel philosopher, "is a married
man who owns a car."
THE CARPENTER
MRS. PAUP HEARD FROM
"Marriage isn't much different from
being single," says Mrs. Paup. "Before
I used to wait up half the night for Joe
to go; now I wait up half the night for
him to come in."
• • •
HARDL.Y WORTH THE EFFORT
A financial paper announces that a
big tailoring company is going to turn
out 200,000 men's suits in the lower
price brackets in the next six months.
With about 20,000,000 such suits need-
ed, we can't work up much enthusiasm
about the news. It sort of reminds us
of the old man who was attending
graveside rights for an old friend. After
the service was over, the undertaker
approached the old man.
"How old are you, Sir?" he asked the
old timer.
"A hundred and four come April," re-
plied the ancient one.
"My, my," mused the undertaker,
"Hardly worth going home, is it?"
• • •
DON'T TEMPT US
If you have a soft heart, do not read
this. It is the sad story of a poor, down-
trodden corporation dealing in dairy
products. When the fate of OPA
was hanging in the balance last sum-
mer, the company fought tooth and toe-
nail to keep dairy products free from
price controls. The campaign was a suc-
cess. Dairy products did not go back
under price ceilings. Prices skyrocketed
and the dairy people began issuing ap-
pealing statements urging "cooperation
and understanding" because distribu-
tors costs were away up.
Well, a few weeks ago the company's
1946 financial statement for the first
six months hit the light of day. The
organization made just under twelve
million dollars, an increase of almost
100% above the preceding half year's
profits. Of course, this was while dairy
products were under price control, too.
We are tempted to make a comment
but it wouldn't be fit for a family maga-
zine. What we feel like is the chap who
was in a crowded elevator. A buxom
lady was standing on his foot. He stood
it as long as he could. Finally he said:
"Pardon me, Ma'am, but would you
mind getting off my foot?"
"Why don't you put your big foot
where it belongs?" was the reply.
"Don't tempt me, Ma'am," he retort-
ed. "Just don't tempt me."
GOOD, CLEAN FUN IN WASHINGTON
A couple of years ago Westbrook
Pegler had a field day when a couple
of grifters who sneaked into the labor
movement were sent over the road for
extortion. Sourpuss Pegler has been
blasting all unionists ever since, smear-
ing the 15,000,000 honest ones with the
same brush he uses to smear the dis-
honest handful.
While Pegler is lambasting the un-
ions, a lot of very interesting reading
is coming out of Washington — reading
Pegler seems to be near-sighted toward.
For example the investigations of sur-
plus property disposal have uncovered
some interesting items. To name a few,
five firms were shown to have received
commissions ten times as much as they
turned over to Uncle Sam from sales.
Five private firms were paid $71,843
as commissions on sales of radio equip-
ment to the public for $3,722. A New
Jersey firm sold $14 worth of equipment
and was paid $4,572; another firm from
the same state collected $17,614 on
sales of $120; a Detroit firm was paid
$3,000 on sales of $51; a California in-
sider collected $2,450 to dispose of $22
worth of goods. And so far nobody ain't
gone to jail yet.
As soon as Peg figures out a way of
blaming it all on the unions and the
union shop we will be hearing from him.
In the meantime it apparently all comes
under the heading of good, clean fun.
^^5X
— J—
|3|
W> — C&M mil/
nmnj "citi \\v«
Ifggi BlrfVwvr LisSrtWftV
M%
■>>on
What good is it for me to skimp and
slave, if you continue to squander money
on income taxes?
10
Veterans Deserve More
• • •
VETERANS and others who plan to learn a skilled trade are given
full protection and the opportunity to become competent craftsmen
if they are employed under an apprenticeship program registered
with a State or Federal apprenticeship agency.
This statement was a highlight in an address delivered last month by
William F. Patterson, Washington, Director, Apprentice-Training Serv-
ice, U. S. Department of Labor, at a confernce of the International Asso-
ciation of Governmental Labor Officials in Milwaukee.
Mr. Patterson's statement was made to clear up some misunderstand-
ings that appear to have arisen following the recent announcement by
General Omar Bradley, Administra-
tor of Veterans Affairs, that wide-
spread abuses have been found in
some types of on-the- job-training.
No complaints regarding abuses
in registered apprenticeship pro-
grams have been received by the
national office of ATS, he stated.
"Apprenticeship is the only
method recognized by management
and labor for the development of
craftsmen in the skilled trades, and
requires from two to six years of
training in a shop or on a building
site, together with a minimum of
144 hours of related classroom in-
struction annually, so that the ap-
prentice can acquire all the skills
and technical knowledge needed in
a recognized craft," Mr. Patterson
said.
"Rigid standards have been set
up for the protection of apprentices.
These standards specify the work
processes to be learned, wages to be
paid, that a certificate of completion
be awarded after successful term-
ination of the training period, and
that these and other pertinent mat-
ters be covered by a written agree-
ment.
"State Apprenticeship Councils
register apprenticeship programs
that meet established standards for
the various trades. Where no State
council exists, approved programs
are registered with the Federal
Committee on Apprenticeship,
which like the State councils, is
composed of an equal number of
representatives of management and
labor," he emphasized.
"Because of the provision in Pub-
lic Law 679 which states that pay-
ment of the subsistence allowance
under the G. I. Bill can not be given
to veterans in on-the-job-training
for more than two years, a serious
problem has arisen for all concerned
with apprenticeship," he added.
"With the purpose of obtaining
this payment for a longer period,
already some employers are seeking
to have certain new jobs recognized
as apprenticeable. Veterans in ap-
prenticeship are eligible for the
Government allotment for a maxi-
mum of four years.
"State and Federal apprenticeship
agencies should therefore be ex-
tremely careful in examining new
jobs for which recognition as ap-
THE CARPENTER
11
prenticeable trades is sought. This
thorough inspection is necessary for
the maintenance of present high
standards in the skilled trades, and
for the protection of veterans and
others seeking careers as crafts-
men," Mr. Patterson declared.
While Mr. Patterson's statement
clears up any misgivings there
might have been regarding a two-
year limitation on subsistence al-
lotments for veterans' taking ap-
prenticeship training, at the same
time it is becoming clearer every
day that Public Law 679 is not giv-
ing the ex-soldiers a very fair
shake. Veterans are entitled to four
years of government assistance un-
der the law if they are taking recog-
nized apprenticeship training. How-
ever, the law places too drastic ceil-
ings on veterans' earning. If a sin-
gle veteran earns $175 per month
or more, his allotment from the gov-
ernment ceases. For married men
the top figure is $200 per month.
Under today's conditions these fig-
ures are wholly inadequate. A mar-
ried man with one or two children
cannot possibly hope to maintain his
family on a decent living standard
on monthly earnings of $200. How-
ever, the government expects him
to. If he makes less than that the
government will allow him up to
$90 per month to bring his earnings
up to that figure. If he makes $200
or more the government gives him
nothing.
Veteran apprentices in the build-
ing trades are particularly hard hit
by new limitation on earnings.
Their earnings now hit close to the
$200 per month mark early in their
apprenticeship, — which means they
get very little in the way of finan-
cial aid from Uncle Sam. Five years
ago $200 per month might have af-
forded a half-way decent living for
a family of three or four. Today it
hardly covers the bare essentials.
Veterans in apprenticeship training
who are getting no allotment above
that figure are not getting what
Uncle Sam promised them when
they went to war. They were prom-
ised that they would have a chance
to acquire education and training
without sacrificing anything for the
years they spent in uniform. While
the government allowed them an al-
lotment regardless of their earnings
as apprentices, they got along fair-
ly well. Now that the $i75-$20O
ceiling has been placed on earnings,
however, hardship cases are devel-
oping.
The fact that a spread of only $25
per month is allowed between mar-
ried and single men seems unfair in
itself. A single veteran making
$175 per month can scrape by much
easier than a married man can on
$200 per month when he has three
or four mouths to feed and three
or four bodies to clothe. Certainly
the ceiling for married veterans
ought to be raised substantially
even if nothing is done about the
single man.
That the Veterans Administration
was justified in asking that ceilings
be imposed on earnings is pretty
much substantiated by facts and fig-
ures. Many abuses developed. Vet-
erans drawing down as high as $800
per month as executives were get-
ting allotments because they claim-
ed they were training for even high-
er jobs. There is no quarrel with
the fact that ceilings were imposed.
The objection that labor has to the
move is that the ceilings were set
too low and that the spread allowed
between single veterans' and mar-
ried veterans' earnings is ridiculous.
The Veterans Administration set
out to cure a disease. It did so,
but the cure is working much more
of a hardship than the disease ever
12 THE CARPENTER
did. The disease hurt Uncle Sam where unions are not parties to the
because a few veterans were chisel- training-. This being- true, it seems
ing. The cure is hurting millions only fair that the government
of little guys trying to learn a skill, should liberalize its program for
men taking accredited apprentice-
As Mr. Patterson pointed out in ship training. In the meantime, we
his Milwaukee address, there have in the unions can best protect the
been no abuses in registered appren- veterans by making genuine, reput-
ticeship programs. They have all able apprenticeship training avail-
developed from on-the-job training able to them wherever they may be.
National Building Code Being Set Up
The Building Officials Conference of America, Inc., met last month
in Memphis to formulate a plan for modernizing construction regulations
throughout the country with a view to eliminating outmoded zoning re-
strictions and otherwise stimulating the construction business.
Created at the conference was an operating division, known as the
Building Officials Foundation, which will carry on the investigating
work under direction of a board of governors composed of municipal
building executives and industry leaders.
Temporary headquarters have been opened at 18 East 48th St., New
York City.
One of the major purposes of the foundation, it was pointed out, will
be to sponsor general adoption of a uniform and up-to-date building code
now being prepared to replace outmoded and conflicting regulations in
effect in various cities.
The agency will also direct authoritative tests and research on new
products and equipment and will give the results of these tests and other
information to building officials. It also will distribute technical infor-
mation of interest to members.
Under the direction of Albert H. Baum, building commissioner of St.
Louis, as general chairman of the basic codes committee, and with George
E. Strehan, New York consulting engineer, as correlator, marked progress
was reported on preparation of the uniform code which will be the heart
of the foundation's activities.
Seventy-two experts from nearly as many communities have worked
for nearly two years on various parts of the code and 13 of the 19 sec-
tions into which it is to be divided, have been completed, Baum said.
When the other sections are finished, possibly with a year, building
officials and the industry will have for the first time a national instrument
or set of standards.
During the past several years all building codes have been under at-
tack by vested interests which see the current housing crisis as an oppor-
tunity to emasculate or eliminate altogether for purposes of their own all
building codes. Consequently building trades unions will watch with inter-
est all developments affecting building codes.
PLANNING IS IMPERATIVE
By RAY C. KIRKPATRICK, Director, FWA Labor Relations
(from an address before the Building and Construction Trades Department at Chicago, III., Thursday,
October 3, J 946)
ALL OF US have derived a good deal of satisfaction from the
knowledge that a reserve shelf of detailed public works plans is
being prepared for use when private demand for construction falls
off. That is our best hope of stabilizing the construction industry and
assuring steady employment to building and construction trades workers
if another depression is threatened.
I think I should warn, however, against too great a feeling of optim-
ism about the work already done. I may unwittingly have been responsible
for some of that optimism myself, because I. have been talking about that
reserve shelf for some time. The mere fact that we are doing anything to
plan future jobs is so remarkable
is so
in itself as to invite confidence, but
in actual fact all that has been done
to date is far from adequate to serve
the purpose we have in mind.
What I have been saying is that
in normal times construction activ-
ity accounts for better than ten per
cent of the national income. If the
annual national income is to be held
at around 150 billion dollars — which
is an amount sometimes cited as nec-
essary to sustain something like full
employment — then about 15 billion
dollars a year ought to go into
construction.
Of all construction, about a third
customarily goes into public works.
This means that the Federal, State
and local governments ought to be
ready at all times to undertake
about five billion dollars worth of
construction a year. Not in just one
year, but year after year. And that's
at 1940 costs and makes no allow-
ance for price increases that have
occurred since then.
In the Federal Works Agency we
feel that the States, cities and coun-
ties alone should have a continuing
reserve shelf of plans sufficient for
five billion dollars worth of con-
struction a year in order to be
sure of being able to put at least
3! billion dollars worth of work in
place each year, which would be a
reasonable contribution from those
units of government. That is be-
cause, even if we had plans for five
billion dollars worth of such work
laid away on the pantry shelf
against a time of emergency, not
all of those plans could be put into
operation at once. There would be
some delay because of weather con-
ditions, and sometimes there are de-
lays due to legal tangles that have
to be straightened out, or delays in
the delivery of materials at the ex-
act time they are needed.
Well, the .States, counties and cit-
ies have not accumulated plans for
five billions dollars worth of work,
or anywhere near it. Up to June 30
of this year, the States and their po-
litical subdivisions without Federal
assistance had completed plans for
just about $1, 125,000,000 worth of
work. Completed plans for State
and Federal-aid highways were ade-
quate for about 600 million dollars
14
THE CARPENTER
worth of work. The Federal Works
Agency has 65 mi lion dollars to ad-
vance to the States, cities and conn-
ties to help pay for public works
planning, and that sum, according to
our best estimate, will be sufficient
to plan about $2,100,000,0000 worth
of construction. Add all these sums
together and you get, not five bil-
lion, but less than four billion.
Of course, there are some other
plans in the design stage, and some
of these may be completed before
another emergency arises. But, so
far as completed plans are con-
cerned, we are unprepared to un-
dertake even one year's program of
State and local work of adequate
proportions.
Moreover, attrition is eating
every day into the reserve shelf. A
good many of the plans can't be
saved for timely use later on. They
are being used right now, or soon
will be used, because some public
works for which plans are ready
can't be postponed. This is especial-
ly true of sewer and water work,
which, in many cases, must go hand-
in-hand with veterans' housing.
The plans which will remain will
not be sufficient to meet the need
for even one year — to say nothing
of a second, a third, or a fourth
year. For I cannot emphasize too
strongly that what we need is five
billion dollars worth of State and
local construction not for just one
year, but every year.
I think nobody doubts that there
is plenty of work to be done. If
public construction had been allow-
ed to proceed all during the war
years at the same rate as in 1939,
the country today would be 14 bil-
lion dollars richer in the form of
new and better hospitals, schools,
highways, bridges, sewer and water
systems, and all sorts of facilties
which the people need. Instead,
during the war only an infinitesimal
part of the need was met, and only
then when it could be conclusively
shown that it was essential to the
war effort. That's one measure of
the size of the job ahead.
I am not discouraged because we
have not yet done sufficient plan-
ning, but I am a little depressed
because we have not yet arranged
for public works planning on a con-
tinuing basis. The Federal aid to
planning authorized by Congress,
and now being administered by the
Federal Works Agency, was de-
signed to meet only one possible
emergency ; it apparently was not
intended to be a permanent feature
of government operations.
What we can say is that we have
made a good start on the right road,
one that would have been consid-
ered revolutionary even fifteen
years ago. We can take satisfaction
from that. But we should recognize
that we need far more planning than
is in sight at present, and whatever
building and construction trades
workers can do to persuade their
own local and county officials to
plan needed and useful public
works as soon as possible will be
the best of all forms of future job
insurance.
Buyers Balk At Inflated Home Prices
A steadily increasing resistance by buyers to highly inflated real estate
prices throughout the Nation was revealed by an Associated Press survey
in key cities.
The survey revealed that in practically all of the cities covered old
houses are not moving nearly so rapidly as they were previously. The
price trend is definitely downward as the demand shrinks.
15
BLASTS AGAINST LABOR ARE FALSE
iRODUCTION Administrator John D. Small last month effectively
punctured a bogey-man industrialists have been using in an effort to
place all the blame for current shortages on labor. For a long time
some employer groups have been insidiously advertising the "fact" that
labor productivity has been sliding down hill rapidly. The way they told
it, labor just was not holding up its end in the production picture. This
became the theme of their propaganda. They never passed up an oppor-
tunity to blame labor for the lack of goods.
Last month, however, Administrator Small knocked their argument in
the head. He revealed the fact that August production hit new highs in
all fields. It was far above July fig-
ures. "Overall economic activity" —
that is manufacturing and non-man-
ufacturing fields combined — "was
greater in August that during the
height of the war spending in the
Spring of 1945," he reported. On
the question of per man-hour pro-
duction, he stated that productivity
now is generally higher than it was
before the war.
As the key man in the production
picture, Small should be in a good
position to know whereof he speaks.
All the facts and figures gathered
by the government are at his dis-
posal. When he says that labor pro-
ductivity is hitting new highs, he
speaks with authority that cannot
be disputed.
Small disclosed that the man-
power situation is getting extreme-
ly acute. Many industries, he says,
are now scraping the ceiling for
additional workers. He expressed
the opinion that some industries
may have to abandon the forty-hour
week in favor of a six-day week.
Despite manpower difficulties, he
said, many industries are chalking
up remarkable records. He cited ra-
dio, electrical goods, and vacuum
cleaners as fields in which produc-
tion is now from forty to sixty per
cent above pre-war figures. Small
disclosed that particularly spectac-
ular production increases in August
were achieved in some lines of
building supplies. In that one
month, the output of plumbing fix-
tures and other critical building ma-
terials skyrocketed from twenty to
thirty-five per cent above July fig-
ures. "This record of achievement
has probably never been surpassed
in the history of building materials
production over a comparable pe-
riod of time," he said.
Certainly his fine presentation
of the facts should thoroughly dis-
pel any misconceptions that may
have arisen regarding labor's pro-
ductivity at the present time. Goods
are still short, but the blame does
not rest with labor. The pent-up
demand is so great that even record-
breaking production cannot come
close to satisfying the wants of the
people. The next time you hear or
read of someone saying labor pro-
ductivity is down and therefore to
blame for current shortages, remem-
ber what Administrator Small says :
"Overall productivity was greater
in August than during the height
of war spending in the Spring of
I945-"
Editorial
A Sound Idea
American employers last month got some good sound advice from
Edgar L. Warren, director of the U.S. Conciliation Service. Speaking
before the Pittsburgh Personnel Association, Warren told his audience
that the time has come for employers to go all the way in their labor
relations.
"I recommend that the next time your company signs a contract with
the union you advertise the fact," he said. "Let the contract signing be the
occasion for a real ceremony, with speeches, handshakes and pleasant
pictures for the papers. Cheer as loudly about the peaceful settlement as
you would cry 'strike.' Make an event of the agreement and the news-
papers will make it a headline."
Warren pointed out that strikes get all the banner headlines in the
papers but peaceful settlements don't even rate a squib on page thirty-
seven among the wants ads. "No wonder," he says, "a good many Ameri-
cans have a warped idea of the real relationship existing between Ameri-
can management and American Labor." The facts are, he said, that some
50,000 such constructive stories could be published each year, since that is
approximately the number of contracts that is signed peacefully each year
without fuss or fanfare.
"I have not been surprised that there has been industrial unrest," he
said. "It has been a wonder to me that there has not been more of it.
"The sudden removal of wartime controls, withdrawal of the no-strike
pledge, shifting of workers to peacetime occupations, fears for job secur-
ity, reductions in take-home pay, the steady increase in living costs, the
letdown after years of strain — these were the combustible for an industrial
explosition.
"Yet, so far we have come through it, right side up."
Above all, despite the troubles on the industrial front, "there has been
practically no violence or disorder" since V-J Day, unlike past periods in
American labor history, Warren declared.
"There were no goon squads, nor strikebreakers, nor Chowderhead
Cohens," he stressed.
The Conciliation Service chief made another important point, too —
namely, that the strikes were by no means the fault of the workers alone.
Some such stoppages were prolonged, he said, because employers were
more concerned with a "solution of pricing problems" — in other words,
with getting higher prices — than in a "quick settlement of a strike."
Furthermore, "the tax laws have sometimes reduced an employer's loss
during a strike," Warren added. He thus confirmed the charges fre-
THE CARPENTER 17
quently made by labor that some of the nation's biggest corporations
deliberately stalled off settling, because they knew that Uncle Sam would
absorb their losses through tax refunds.
We heartily subscribe to what Mr. Warren said. However, we would
like to add one thing. With the new session of Congress just around the
corner, it would be a good idea for some of our Congressmen to become
as conversant with the true labor picture as Mr. Warren is.*
The Same Old Pattern
Someone in the old Roman Senate — Cato, the Elder, if we remember
correctly — became the laughing stock of that august body 2,000 years ago
by rising on his feet day after day to proclaim "Carthage Must Be De-
stroyed." At the risk of being branded as a sort of Twentieth Century
Cato, we want to repeat what we have said so often before : "The Relation-
ship Between Wages and Prices Must Be Kept on An Even Keel or Di-
saster Is Just Around The Corner."
After World War I the relationship between wages and prices was
not kept in balance. Through their company union plan the employers
crippled the effectiveness of legitimate unions. The bosses then gave
patriotic speeches instead of wage increases. Profits and prices soared
while wages remained stationary. The productive capacity of the nation
kept expanding but the ability of the people to buy diminished as rising
prices shrank the purchasing power of the dollar. By 1929 the capacity of
the nation to produce was at a new all-time high but the purchasing
power of the masses was sinking to new lows. Those of us who struggled
through the Thirties know what the result was.
Are we headed in the same direction again? From all indications, yes.
We have to look no farther than the Eighth Quarterly Report of the
Director of War Mobilization and Reconversion for convincing evidence.
That report shows how closely we are following the disastrous, pattern of
the 1920's. Ever since Germany capitulated over a year and a half ago
the ability of American workers to buy goods has been diminishing. The
amount of money which the average family has had to spend has de-
creased. At the same time the price of everything has skyrocketed. This is
exactly what took place in the 1920's as a forerunner of the 1929 crash.
After the first World War it was the bosses' company union plan that
created the era of limited wages and unlimited profits. This time the
bosses don't have to worry their heads; — the government is doing the
same thing for them with so-called stabilization. The current stabilization
plan is a plan to guarantee tremendous profits while putting as many
obstacles as possible in the way of wage increases. The end results are
going to be the same as those that followed the company union era of the
Twenties.
The Romans did not pay much attention to Cato, the Elder, and they
eventually stubbed their toes. The Brass Plats probably will not pay much
attention to us, but we still say "The Relationship Between Wages and
Prices Must be Kept on An Even Keel or Disaster Is Just Around The
Corner."
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General President
WM. L. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
First General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHESON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Secretary
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, • CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
1182 St. Lawrence, Rm. 10, Montreal, Que., Can.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
REGULAR MEETING OF THE GENERAL EXECUTIVE
BOARD
September 16, 1946
The General Executive Board met in regular session on the above date at the
General Office, Indianapolis, Indiana.
The General President submitted the following:
REPORT OP TABULATING COMMITTEE ON THE VOTE FOR GENERAL
OFFICERS
Indianapolis, Indiana
July 19, 1946
Mr. Wm. L. Hutcheson,
General President,
United Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners of America.
Dear Sir and Brother:
We, the members of the Committee elected by the Twenty-Fifth General Con-
vention of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America to
tabulate the vote on the election of General Officers, met at the General Office at
Indianapolis, Indiana, as prescribed by Section 9 of the General Constitution, and
organized as follows:
Daniel Butler of Local Union No. 5 78, Chicago, Illinois, was elected Chairman,
and George F. Coughlin, of Local Union No. 715, Elizabeth, New Jersey, was
elected Secretary.
THE CARPENTER 19
The official returns were delivered to the Committee by General Secretary
Frank Duffy, as per the provisions of the General Constitution.
W. A. Meyer of Local Union 329, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, a( candidate for
the office of First General Vice-President, and also his son, W. A. Meyer, Jr., a
member of Local Union 3 29, presented themselves before the Committee and were
present, on the first three days, at opening and counting of all votes up to Local
Union No. 2100, and were present at all times while ballots were opened and re-
corded.
The Committee proceeded to tabulate the returns which showed the following
named candidates elected:
M. A. Hutcheson — First General Vice-President
R. E. Roberts — General Executive Board, Fifth District
The returns of the Local Unions and the intent of the voters were given due
consideration, were recorded and show the following total votes as cast for each
candidate, which was:
M. A. Hutcheson 93094
W. A. Meyer 51195
R. E. Roberts 95094
John M. Parker 47591
Local Unions whose votes were finally rejected for cause will be found so re-
corded.
Fraternally yours,
Daniel J. Butler, Chairman
Martin Porges
W. L. Spenny
Wm. Shipp
George F. Coughlin, Secretary.
The Board ordered this report and returns published in pamphlet form and
sent to all Local Unions.
The General President submitted the following:
REPORT OF TABULATING COMMITTEE ON PROPOSED CHANGES IN CON-
STITUTION AND LAWS as adopted by the TWENTY-FIFTH GENERAL
CONVENTION held at LAKELAND, FLORIDA, APRIL, 1946.
Indianapolis, Indiana
July 22, 1946
Mr. Wm. L. Hutcheson, General President
United Brotherhood of Carpenters & Joiners
Dear Sir and Brother:
We, the committee appointed to tabulate the result of the recent referendum
vote on proposed changes to the General Constitution and Laws, met at Indianapolis
on Monday, July 15th, received the returns from General Secretary Frank Duffy
and beg leave to submit the following report:
Returns were received from 1756 Local Unions. Of these, the following were
rejected for one or more of the reasons listed: Not filled out in accordance with
instructions, mutilated or disfigured ballots, not received on time, or without the
official seal of the Local Union:
Local Union 28, 38, 49, 70, 71, 79, 97, 118, 144, 204, 218, 221, 247, 249,
256, 272, 328, 342, 394, 433, 438, 467, 475, 491, 500, 515, 610, 611, 621,
669, 689, 784, 860, 901, 925, 953, 955, 990, 1001, 1013, 1038, 1050, 1051,
1060, 1087, 1097, 1107, 1121, 1173, 1197, 1256, 1314, 1323, 1339, 1358,
1382, 1397, 1405, 1444, 1457, 1505, 1515, 1518, 1532, 1585, 1610, 1614,
1623, 1645, 1671, 1682, 1684, 1715, 1734, 1736, 1747, 1769, 1778, 1779,
1796, 1799, 1817, 1827, 1836, 1855, 1877, 1880, 1895, 1905, 1918, 1933,
1937, 1960, 2013, 2072, 2098, 2108, 2148, 2167, 2176, 2191, 2239, 2258,
2274, 2307, 2348, 2539, 2547, 2580, 2600, 2620, 2650, 2750, 2806, 2901,
2919, 2954, 2978, 3011, 3046, 3056, 3076, 3152, 3154, 3197.
7 Local Unions sent in returns which were completely un-identified.
20 THE CARPEXTER
The following is the vote cast for and against each proposal.
FOR
AGAINST
Proposition No.
1
108455
4866
Proposition No.
2
106937
8118
Proposition No.
3
71524
41459
Proposition No.
4
76833
35864
Proposition No.
5
74567
37499
Proposition No.
6
84731
28192
Proposition No.
7
9 6 3 0 0
16609
Proposition No.
8
101281
11202
Proposition" No.
9
102711
10084
Proposition No.
10
104123
6872
Proposition No.
11 .
58466
49214
Proposition No.
12
95639
13316
Proposition No.
13
51053
61131
No.
374
No.
878
No.
106
No.
165
No.
64
Your Committee wishes to express their thanks for the consideration and cour-
tesies extended them by the General Officers and their associates during their stay
at General Headquarters.
Fraternally yours,
/signed/ George H. Patterson
Edward Thompson
Ira E. Lane
" Wm. E. Burch
" A. Schoenbaechler
On account of the shortage of paper the Board ordered this report published
in letter form and sent to all Local Unions.
September 17, 1946
Renewal of bond of General Treasurer Meadows in the sum of $50,000.00
through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Mary-
land, for one year beginning February, 19 46, received and referred to our Legal
Department.
Renewal of policy Z-8 2172 6 State of Texas Workmen's Compensation Insurance
through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Mary-
land, for one year beginning March 13, 19 46, received and referred to our Legal
Department.
Renewal of bond of Chief Clerk, C. A. Meloy, in the sum of $10,000.00 through
the Capitol Indemnity Insurance Company of Indianapolis, Indiana, for one year
beginning April 3, 19 46, received and referred to our Legal Department.
Renewal of policy M E 101998, Dominion of Canada, Workmen's Compensation
Insurance policy through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of
Baltimore, Maryland for one year beginning May 5, 1946, received and referred to
Legal Department.
Renewal of bond of General Secretary Duffy in the sum of $20,000.00 through
the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Maryland, for
one year beginning August 15, 1946, received and referred to our Legal Depart-
ment.
In accordance with the action of the Twenty-Fifth General Convention held in
April, 1946, instructing and authorizing the General Executive Board to increase
the salary of the General President, the Board decided that the General President
be paid a salary of $400.00 per week.
The General Executive Board ordered a circular letter be issued to all Local
Unions in reference to action of the Twenty-Fifth General Convention asking for
voluntary contributions for a Library Fund for the Home at Lakeland, Florida,
in order to procure new books.
The Twenty-Fifth General Convention held in April, 19 46, decided that the
Flag be on display at the meetings. of all Local Unions. Referred to the Codifica-
tion Committee.
The Millwrights Local Unions in different parts of the Country introduced a
number of Resolutions to the Twenty-Fifth General Convention held in Lakeland,
THE CARPENTER 21
Florida, in April, 1946, asking that their jurisdictional claims be upheld and
maintained. After due consideration these Resolutions were referred to the Gen-
eral Executive Board as that body with the General President handles all disputes
that arise from time to time. The Resolutions received careful consideration by the
Board, after which that body wishes it understood that the General Officers and
General Executive Board stand squarely at all times for full recognition of our
jurisdictional claims in all branches of the Trade and will give their full support
in enforcing these claims.
Resolution No. 53 presented to the Twenty-Fifth General Convention in April,
1946, dealing with area jurisdiction of Wharf and Dock Builders Local No. 874,
Newport, Rhode Island, was referred to the General Executive Board. The Board
finds that the General Constitution covers matters of this kind.
Resolution No. 54 presented to the Twenty-Fifth General Convention in April,
1946, petitioning the Brotherhood to grant Local 176, Newport, Rhode Island,
the right to extend its charter jurisdiction over a given area was referred to the
General Executive Board. As our General Constitution covers this matter, it was
referred to the General President.
The Board decided that all old correspondence, Treasurer's reports, Strike
pay rolls, Order books etc., which have accumulated for years, and are of no
further use, can be disposed of by the General Officers as soon as possible.
In previous sessions of the Board consideration was given as to condensing
the size of the present Withdrawal Card as requested by the Central California
District Council of Lumber Handlers. The Board authorized the adoption of the
smaller size at the usual charge as provided in our General Laws.
September 18, 19 46
The General Executive Board rules that the Financial Officers of all Locals, Dis-
trict, State or Provincial Councils must be bonded by the General Office — not
in excess of $5,000.00 each.
Request of the New York State Council of Carpenters to approve the following
resolution was carefully considered, after which the Resolution was approved
along with the reply thereto:
Resolution
Whereas, In their efforts to achieve the maximum production dur-
ing the war, the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of
America, together with other Building Trades Unions, agreed to
abide by the terms of the Wage Stabilization Agreement, and
Whereas, Though the promise that for their cooperation the liv-
ing costs would not rise, was not kept, the building tradesmen kept
their promise, and
Whereas, Since the war's end the final answer to any wage in-
crease request has been made by the Wage Adjustment Board, and
Whereas, In innumerable cases wage increases have been agreed
upon by employer and union representatives after months of nego-
tiation only to be arbitrarily set aside by the Wage Adjustment
Board causing an unrest in the construction industry when the needs
of the nation are at an all time low, and
Whereas, When the Wage Adjustment Board died, with the O. P.
A. the prompt manner in which employers and the unions set about
reaching agreement on the wage problems confronting them proves
there is no need of any such Board, Bureau or Agency in the con-
struction industry, and ,
Whereas, In view of the seemingly unsurmountable housing
shortage with which the country is faced, along with an acute short-
age of building materials, the additional problem of wage adjust-
ments is unnecessary, and
Whereas, The war need being over, our employers and union rep-
resentatives who in the past have proven they are fully capable of
sitting down together and reaching an agreement satisfactory to
both, and
22 THE CARPENTER
Whereas, These men who have made the construction industry
their life work and understand each other's problems far better than
any bureaucrats, no matter how sincere they may try to be, there-
fore be it
Resolved: That the New York State Council of Carpenters peti-
tion General President Hutcheson to use every resource of our Broth-
erhood to abolish the Wage Adjustment Board or any agency which
in any manner interferes with agreements arrived at by collective
bargaining between representatives of Local Unions or District Coun-
cils and the employing group.
Reply
September 4, 1946
Mr. John McMahon, Secretary
New York State Council of Carpenters
83 St. Johns Parkside
Buffalo 10, New York
Dear Sir and Brother:
This will acknowledge receipt of your communication of Sep-
tember first enclosing a copy of resolution adopted at the Conven-
tion of the New York State Council of Carpenters pertaining to dis-
continuing the Wage Adjustment Board.
We wish to assure you that the contents of this resolution are
in accord with the feelings of the General Officers, the same as prac-
tically all members and Local Unions of the Brotherhood. We feel
that we are capable of negotiating collective bargaining agreements
with our employers without the necessity of submitting same to a
Board for their approval.
We will continue our efforts in conjunction with other building
trades groups and crafts to have the Wage Adjustment Board elim-
inated. However, at the present time it looks as if the Wage Adjust-
ment Board will continue at least until June 30, 1947.
Fraternally yours,
/signed/ M. A. HUTCHESON
For the
MAH-JP General President
Local Unions 1499, Kent, Ohio, and 213, Houston, Texas, want to know if
they are required to continue accepting applications of ex-servicemen without
payment of Initiation Fees. Inasmuch as the Board has not changed its position
on this matter since action was taken in April, 1944, that ruling is still in force
and effect.
Poplar Bluff, Mo., Local Union 1049 requests the Board to review the case
of Earl Fulton, a suspended member of said Local Union. The record of this
man shows he went three months in arrears in August 1944 and suspended him-
self on November 30, 1944, owing six months' dues. The request was therefore
denied.
Leo M. Schario, Sr., member of Local 143, Canton, Ohio, refers to action
taken by the Twenty-Fifth General Convention, April 1946, in not seating him as
a delegate.
According to the records of that Convention the Board finds that the following
report was made by the Credential Committee:
Protest
"A hearing of the case was held Monday afternoon April 2 2,
1946, in the New Florida Hotel, at which time he, Schario, admitted
he was working for less than the wages established by Local Union
143."
The facts brought out show that he was working for the Pennsylvania Rail-
road at a rate of $1.06 an hour when the wage was $1.50.
THE CARPENTER 23
The report of the Committee was adopted by unanimous vote, which action
is final.
Appeal of Local Union 1597, Bremerton, Washington, from the decision of
the General President in the case of Carl J. Peacock, a member of said Local
Union, versus Local Union 1597, Bremerton, Washington, was carefully con-
sidered. The decision of the General President was sustained on grounds set
forth therein and the appeal was dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 60, Indianapolis, Indiana, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late
Edward C. Wilbert. The claim was referred back to the General Treasurer for
further consideration.
Appeal of Local Union 602, St. Louis, Missouri, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Mrs. Florence Thelemann,
wife of Edw. A. Thelemann, a member of said Local Union, for the reason that
Brother Thelemann was out of benefit standing at the time of her death. The
decision of the General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal was dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 35, San Rafael, California, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Mrs. Mary Eva Alvarez,
wife of Brother Joe Alvarez, a member of said Local, for the reason that the
claim was not filed with the General Office within six months from date of death
as the law provides in Paragraph B, Section 53 of our General Laws. The de-
cision of the General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal was dismissed.
Appeal of Local Union 1837, Babylon, New York, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late
James Whyte, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at the time of
death. The decision of the General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal dis-
missed.
Appeal of Local Union 486, Bayonne, New Jersey, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late
Barnet Bennett. The claim was referred back to the General Treasurer for further
consideration.
Appeal of Local Union 1358, La Jolle, California, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late
Andrew Stenseth. The claim was referred back to the General Treasurer for
further consideration.
The General President was authorized to notify all Local Unions that they
must comply with the General Constitution governing the bonding of Local
Financial Officers.
September 19, 1946
The Bay Counties District Council, San Francisco, California, proposes that
the General Executive Board levy an assessment of one dollar per member for the
support of the Lumber and Sawmill Workers on strike in the Redwood District
of California. As the General Office is now supporting this strike and will con-
tinue to do so the Board cannot see its way clear to levy this assessment at the
present time. However, if the District Council involved requests Financial Aid
from the Local Unions the Board approves same.
The General President appointed the District Board members as a Committee
to codify the Laws as adopted by the Twenty-Fifth General Convention and the
referendum vote of the members.
Committee began co-ordinating the Constitution and Laws.
September 20, 1946
Committee continued co-ordinating the Constitution and Laws.
September 23, 1946
Report of codification Committee of the General Executive Board on changes
to the Constitution and Laws as approved by the Twenty-Fifth General Conven-
tion and adopted by referendum vote was submitted and carefully considered,
after which it was referred back to the Committee to be re-checked.
24 T II E CABPMTEB
Omaha, Nebraska, Carpenters District Council requests assistance in every way
possible to combat proposed legislation in that state curtailing and opposing
Labor Unions. The matter was referred to the General President to give the
necessary assistance.
The General President appointed a Committee to make arrangements for the
installation of the General Officers on Saturday, April 5, 1947, at the General
Office. The Committee consists of:
M. A. HUTCHESON — First General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON — Second General Vice-President
AL. FISCHER — Assistant to the General Secretary.
Audit of Books and Accounts of the General Office commenced.
September 24, 1946
Audit of Books and Accounts completed.
The report of the Committee on Codification of the Constitution and Laws and
Ritual were approved, the Constitution and Laws and Ritual as amended to go
into effect January 1, 1947.
New insurance policy covering all plate glass, desk and table tops in General
Headquarters of the Brotherhood through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty
Company of Baltimore, Maryland, for three years beginning March 28, 1946 was
referred to our Legal Department.
The Sub-Committee of the Board examined the securities held by the General
Treasurer in the vaults of the Indiana National Bank of Indianapolis, Indiana,
and submitted the following report:
"The Sub-Committee of the General Executive Board made an audit of the
Securities held by General Treasurer, S. P. Meadows in the vaults of the Indiana
National Bank of Indianapolis, Indiana and find same correct and accounted for
as shown in the monthly Financial Statement."
No further business to be considered the Board adjourned to meet in Lake-
land at the call of the chair.
Respectfully submitted,
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary.
"Phony" Stocks "Stick" to Bankers' Hands
You don't operate on Wall Street, so you probably don't know what
is meant by "sticky standby." Well, here it is : Investment bankers guar-
antee to sell a block of stock or bonds. In order to make money, they
must "maintain the price" until the "paper" has been unloaded on investors.
After that, the investors are on their own, and if they lose their shirts, it is
not the fault of the investment bankers.
Sometimes the "fish" refuse to bite and the bankers face a loss. Then
the issue "sticks" to their hands.
Some people thought such practices ended when the Securities and
Exchange Commission was created, but apparently that Commission has
lost its "punch," for, according to the best Wall Street authorities, 46 in-
vestment bankers united recently to dispose of a block of securities of
questionable value.
Then came the collapse. The 46 bankers couldn't sell the securities they
had underwritten — the paper had become "sticky" — so they had to throw
the stuff on the market. The price collapsed.
What's the moral to the tale? Well, apparently Wall Street is just as
crooked as it ever was ; the Securities and Exchange Commission is "asleep
at the switch," and wise Americans, who have a little money, will put it in
government bonds. The interest will be small, but the principal will be
safe. — Labor
Not lost to those that lore them, They still live in our memory,
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
t%\ in T^tntt
The Editor has been requested to publish the nam**
of the following Brothers who have passed away.
Brother WM. ADOLPH, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.
Brother ALEX ANDERSON, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother KARL BABSKY, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother T. W. BRADLEY, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother ERIC COLANDER, Local No. 141, Chicago, 111.
Brother RICHARD CRAWFORD, Local No. 265, Hackensack, N. J.
Brother NOLAN DURAND, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.
Brother FRANK FILIGER, Local No. 657, Sheboygan, Wis.
Brother EDWARD FRAZIER, Local No. 916, Aurora, 111.
Brother WM. INSELMAN, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.
Brother A. J. JOHANNESEN, Local No. 787, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother GOTTHARD JOHNSON, Local No. 141, Chicago, 111.
Brother JOHN JOHNSON, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother FRANK LILGEQUIST, Local No. 141, Chicago, 111.
Brother PAUL MEIER, Local No. 141, Chicago, 111.
Brother PAT O'DONALD, Local No. 787, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother A. M. READWINE, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother VINCENT SAUTER, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother EWALD SCHMIDT, Local No. 261, Scranton, Pa.
Brother DANIEL V. SIMON, Local No. 634, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother WALTER W. SOUTHWICK, Local No. 1489, Burlington, N. J.
Brother CARL STEAN, Local No. 141, Chicago, 111.
Brother THOMAS TROTTER, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.
Brother ELI WARREN, Local No. 3138, Nappanee, Ind.
■
CorrQspondQncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
Palo Alto Honors 4 Old Timers
The Editor:
Commemorating the Forty-sixth Anniversary of the granting of their charter,
on September 11, 1900, the members of Local Union No. 668, Palo Alto, California,
this year marked the occasion with a special party and dance. Some 2 30 members
and friends of the Union filled the auditorium of the Masonic Temple for the
occasion, and all present enjoyed themselves immensely.
Four of the Local's real old timers were guests of honor. Between them the
four old timers represent 186 years of continuous membership in the United Broth-
erhood of Carpenters and Joiners. Dean of them is Brother John A. Hagerty who
transferred to Local 668 some twenty-eight years ago. He joined Local 4 in St.
Louis in 189 2 and has held membership in the Brotherhood ever since, a remark-
able record of fifty-four years of faithful service to the organization. Brothers O.
J. Saunders, Orin Nye and C. J. Brown are the other three venerable old timers.
All three of them joined the Palo Alto Local in 1902, just two years after it was
founded.
Officers of the Santa Clara District Council were present at the party and
helped pay tribute to the fine old members who did so much to advance the cause
of unionism in the territory. There were lots of dancing and refreshments and
reminiscing and everyone present voted the evening a huge success.
Fraternally yours,
W. J. Robertson, Rec. Sec.
Workers Rallying to Redwood Strikers' Cause
Representing some 100 labor and veterans' organizations, over 1000 workers
from the San Francisco area were scheduled to descend on Fort Bragg, Cal., on
October 12 to put on a full day's demonstration in support of the striking Redwood
lumber workers who have valiantly fought for union principles since January of
this year. For nine months these valiant Brotherhood members have held their
picket lines firm against all sorts of intimidation, threats and coercion. The whole
California labor movement is now rallying to their support.
Fort Bragg was chosen for the demonstration because the city is dominated
by the Union Lumber Company, one of the "Big Three" controlling 60% of the
Redwood output. At Fort Bragg the lumber workers have been subjected to the
greatest amount of intimidation.
In San Francisco the 25,000 members of the Bay District Council of Carpenters
have voted endorsement of the strike. Piledrivers, stageriggers, shipwrights and
other Brotherhood affiliates of the area have also voted unqualified support to
the strikers in the bitterest dispute in recent California labor history.
San Francisco Veterans of Foreign Wars, American Veterans' Committee and
many other veterans' organizations were scheduled to participate in the mass
demonstration to show their loyalty to the Redwood workers who are in the front
lines of trenches in the battle to save unionism from organized employer attacks.
Spokane Auxiliary Growing Rapidly
The Editor:
Once again we, the members of Auxiliary No. 207, Spokane, Wash.,
extend greetings to all our sister organizations. I am happy to report our
drive for increased membership is really coming through this year. We
are forging ahead by leaps and bounds. The fine picnic which Carpenters
Local No. 98 gave last August at Mission Playground and City Park gave
our committee a chance to visit and get acqainted with the wives and in-
duce them to become members. The next meeting night we initiated eleven
new members. Three of these consist of a three generation team, — a
grandmother whose husband is a carpenter, her daughter and her grand-
daughter. To my knowledge, this has never happened before. We are
very happy to have them with us as members of our fine organization.
Last meeting night we initiated eight more new members. And there
is every indication that our growth is going to continue throughout the
winter. Our organization is active and progressive and we enjoy many
fine get togethers. We have Bingo games between meetings in the after-
noon with a pot luck dinner preceding. We also had the pleasure of enter-
taining the ladies of Carpenters here on convention.
Mrs. Helen Perry, Press Recorder, Pro Tern.
Women Workers Decreasing Since V-J Day
The Department of Labor reports that the number of women workers
decreased 2,160,000 in the past year despite a rise of 5,650,000 in the over-
all civilian labor force.
The Women's Bureau says that the percentage of women in the labor
force dropped from 36 in August, 1945, to 26 in August, 1946.
The bureau further says that the women's average weekly earnings in
25 manufacturing industries were $32.96 for May and $33.40 for June.
Reporting on the shortage of school teachers, it says that the public
elementary and secondary schools will have to fill at least 110,000 positions
with persons holding emergency certificates. Such certificates are issued
to persons whose qualifications do not meet specific requirements.
Craft ProblQms
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 21S
Every apprentice should give special
attention to the matter of installing
locks — all kinds of locks. A properly
installed lock will work freely and give
the services that it was intended to
give. If it happens to be a mortise lock,
it will not have open joints or have the
surface of the wood around it marred,
which are marks of carelessness. Alto-
gether too many locks, especially mor-
tise locks, are left with the latch bolt
binding. It seems that many mechanics
are not aware that this is a defect due
to faulty installation rather than to
defectiveness in the lock itself. The
thing that usually causes such difficul-
ties is that the escutcheons need adjust-
ing so that the spindle will work freely.
A lock is not properly installed if the
latch bolt and the knob do not react
Fig. 1
quickly and freely when operated with
the hand. That is the test that should be
applied to every lock before leaving it.
If you are interested in keeping a good
reputation as a mechanic, you should
make sure that locks you install work
freely and do not show marks of care-
lessness.
Fig. 1 shows three steps in mortising
for a lock. At A we show the edge of a
door in part, marked for boring. At
B the boring has been done. The
chisel point shown at a is in position
for starting the chisel work on the
Fig. 2
lock mortise. At b a chisel point is
shown in position for squaring up one
end of the mortise. At C the mortise
has been roughed out, and the finish-
ing of the mortise is started. The chisel
points shown at c and d are in positions
for cutting off rough places after the
roughing-out work has been done.
Fig. 2 shows two more steps of the
same mortise. At A the chisel point is
in position for cutting the edges of
the face-plate mortise. Just below the
chisel point the cutting has not yet
been done — only the shaded parts have
been cut. At B both the edges and the
ends have been cut and a chisel point is
shown in position for chipping the wood
that must be removed in mortising for
the face plate of the lock.
THE CARPENTER
29
Two views of the face-plate mortising
are shown by Fig. 3. To the left the
roughing out of the mortise has been
done, and the finishing of the mortise
is under way. The chisel point is marked
iMik
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Fig
A and shown in position for finishing
the mortising. To the right the face-
plate mortise is shown ready to receive
the lock. The thing to watch in mortis-
ing for the face plate is not to make
Fig. 4
the mortise too deep and not too shallow
— just right is the goal to work for, and
that takes what is called skill acquired
by experience.
Thousands of
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The use of the chisel for cutting out
keyholes is shown by Fig. 4, where four
steps in making a keyhole are shoAvn.
Only small parts of the door are shown.
At a we show a small hole bored at the
top and another one at the bottom of
what is to become a keyhole. At b the
chisel point is in position for cutting
the wood on one side, and at c it is
shown ready to cut the other side. At
d, the keyhole is ready for the plate
or the escutcheon.
Fig. 5 shows a keeper installed. Mor-
tising for keepers is approximately the
same as mortising for the face plate of
a lock, which was explained in Figs. 2
and 3. What we want to show here is
how to do the mortising for the latch
bolt and for the lock bolt. The upper
chisel point is shown in position for
cutting one side of the mortise for the
latch bolt, while the narrower chisel
point shown at the bottom, is in posi-
tion for cutting one end of the mortise
for the lock bolt. The dotted lines rep-
resent a wider chisel point in position
for cutting the sides of the lock bolt
30
THE CARPENTER
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
CARPENTRY, — Has over 300 pages, more than 750
Illustrations, covering carpentry from staking out to
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QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— This hook covers hun-
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BUILDING.— Tliis book has 210 pages and 495
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TWIGS OF THOUGHT,— Poetry, 64 pages, brown
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mortise. Fig. 6 shows the same keeper
with the mortising done for both the
latch bolt and the lock bolt. The con-
cealed parts of these mortises are shown
by dotted lines.
Fig. 7 shows a chisel point in position
for finishing the cutting out of the end
of a timber for a halflap joint. The
other half of the joint is made exactly
the same. In case of a T halflap joint,
the other timber is gained to receive
the tongue of what is shown here.
A chisel point in position for finish-
ing a mortise for a tenon is shown by
Fig. 8. Part of the wood is shown cut
Fig. 6
Fig. 8
away in order to reveal the point of the
chisel and part of the mortise. The dot-
ted lines show the missing lines of the
mortise under consideration.
THE CAR I»-JE NTER
31
Fig. 9 shows a chisel point in position
for cutting one side of a dap in a stud-
Fig. 9
ding. The part to be cut out is shown
shaded. At a and b we show the saw
Fig. 10
kerfs, and between c and d, the cut
made with the chisel is shown shaded.
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Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one business
man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.
Fig. 10 shows the studding turned over
and the other side of the dap cut be-
tween a and b, also shown shaded. Fig.
11 shows the dap roughed out and the
chisel point in position for finishing the
notch. The unfinished roughed-out part
is shown heavily shaded, while the fin-
ished part is lightly shaded.
It should not be presumed that what
we have shown in this lesson and in the
preceding one, covers all of the things
ON-THE-JOB POCKET B85
This new and revised edition of Carpenters and Builders' Practical Rules for Laying
Out Work consists of short and practical rules for laying out octagons, ellipses, roofs,
groined ceilings, hoppers, spirals, stairs and arches with tables of board measure,
length of common, hip. valley and jack rafters, square measure, cube measure, measure
of length, etc. — also, rules for kerring, drafting gable molding, getting the axis of a
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32
T II E C A R I» F, N T F, R
that chisels are used for. However, we
believe that what we have given repre-
sents the principal uses of this tool in
our day. No definite rule in regard to
the uses of chisels can be laid down, for
there are many miscellaneous uses of
chisels that grow out of the various
situations that come up in the experi-
ence of building tradesmen.
(Copyrighted 1046)— H. H. Siegele
liPi
THEY HAVE'-
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Chart changes pitches and cuts into de-
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makes about 13 square feet of copy showing
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IT LOOKED ALL RIGHT
On a certain job we were watching
the forms while the pouring was being
done. There were a series of long
beams between two brick walls formed
Fig. 1
and ready for the concrete, with open-
ings left in the walls for the bearings.
We checked over the forms, bracing,
shores, and so forth, for any weak con-
structions, but we didn't find any, — it
looked all right.
Fig. 1 shows two cross sections of
somewhat similar beams, one of which
is filled with concrete. When the pour-
ing was done up to this point, we dis-
covered that the pressure of the con-
crete was pushing the forms including
the beamsides to the right, as shown.
Had we not discovered this in time to
fix it, the results on all of the beams
would have been much on the order
shown by the dotted lines and pointed
out in Fig. 1. But on detecting the
weakness we reinforced the construc-
tion by putting braces as shown by
Fig. 2.
The form builder should constantly be
on the lookout for weak constructions
and reinforce them before the pouring
is done. Every job of form building
Fig. 2
brings on new situations that often
present new problems that must be
solved by the man doing the work.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
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THE CARPENTER'S FRIEND FOR 89 YEARS
On behalf of the General Officers, the Gen-
eral Executive Board, and for myself per-
sonally, I wish to extend to all members of
the Brotherhood and their families sirtcerest
wishes for a
May God grant our nation a boundless era
of peace and prosperity.
General President.
Every carpenter should have it . . .
#*%!£ BUILDING TRADES
DICTIONARY
H. H. SIEGELE
formed about the trades.
Written by the recognized au-
thority in the field, H. H. Sie-
gele and based on his personal
experiences as a building trades-
man and contractor. This book
is amazingly complete with more
than 6 8 00 definitions of words,
terms, and phrases used in all
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A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.
FRANK DUFFY, Editor
Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana
F.stnblished In 1881
Vol. LXVI— No. 12
INDIANAPOLIS, DECEMBER, 1946
One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy
— Con tents
A Time for Reflection _____ 5
The Republican victory in last month's election is not a mandate to destroy unionism;
rather it is a request from the people to bring to an end the era of ever-growing gov-
ernment controls in order that a free economy— including free unions— can help this coun-
try fulfill its destiny.
12
Nearly a full year after the employers flatly and finally rejected their demands for
union wages and union working conditions the Brotherhood members in the Redwood
lumber industry are still carrying on their fight for union principles as vigorously as
ever against nine of the major producers.
14
Redwood Chips Are Down
Factories Without Men
Canadian scientists visualize factories at some future date in which human labor
will be unnecessary, all processes being controlled by a master panel of switches.
Where will ali this leave labor?
Real Hollywood Stars
18
For a year and half the members of Local 946, Studio Carpenters of Hollywood,
have been involved in a bitter labor dispute in which their fundamental rights are being
threatened. After all these months the union is still carrying on its fight for survival
against terrific odds.
OTHER DEPARTMENTS:
Plane Gossip
Editorials
Official
In Memoriam
Correspondence
To the Ladies
Craft Problems -
10
16
19
23
24
26
27
Index to Advertisers
Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.
Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of
Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for
in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.
Let this popular, easy-reading GREENLEE
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— PRICE LIST —
Label and Emblem Novelties
Card Cases (Label) $ .10
Key Chains (Label) 15
Fobs (Label and Emblem) . .50
Gavels (Labels) 1.25
Pins (Emblem) 1.00
Buttons (Emblem) 1.00
Cuff Links (Emblem) 1.50
Match Box Holders (Label) .15
Belt Loop and Chain (Label) .75
Pins. Ladies Auxiliary (Em-
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Auto Radiator Emblems. . . 1.25
In Ordering These Goods Send All Orders
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NOTICE
The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.
All contracts for advertising space In "The Car-
penter." including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.
Index of Advertisers
Carpenters' Tools and Accessories
Pare
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis,
Minn. 32
Frank's Mfg. Co., Los Angeles,
Calif. 31
Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford, 111. 3
Harvey Handle Grip Co., Peoria,
111. 4
Johns Mfg. Corp., Dunellen, N. J. 31
Keuffel & Esser Co., Hoboken,
N. J. 31
Mall Tool Co.,, Chicago, 111 32
North Bros. Mfg. Co., Phila-
delphia, Pa. 31
Ohlen-Bishop Mfg. Co., Colum-
bus, Ohio 3
Paine Company, Chicago, 111 3rd Cover
Speedway Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. 30
Stanley Tools, New Britain,
Conn. 3rd Cover
Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford
City, Ind. 4th Cover
Overalls
H. D. Lee Co., Kansas City, Mo. 32
Technical Courses and Books
American School, Chicago, 111 3
American Technical Society,
Chicago, 111. 31
Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y. 3rd Cover
Frederick J. Drake Co., Chicago,
111. 1
Mason Engineering Service, Kala-
mazoo, Mich. 4
H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 29
Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 32
KEEP THE MONET
IN THE FAMTjLY!
PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS
A TIME FOR REFLECTION
Republicans now face grave responsibility;
Victory is not mandate to destroy unionism
ON NOVEMBER 5 some forty odd million Americans went to the
polls. Some were rich and some were poor; some were weak and
and some were strong; some were famous and some were just
ordinary citizens, but in the voting booth they were all equal. Each re-
ceived a single ballot; the big city tycoon and the backwoods stump
rancher. Each voted according to his own conscience. When the votes were
counted the voice of America had spoken. In no uncertain terms that
voice sounded the death knell of a great experiment, an experiment in
regimentation and government control. In the hamlets and the towns and
the cities, the results were the '
same; the people wanted no more
of the government agencies and
government directives and govern-
ment edicts. Emphatically, unmis-
takably they said so at the polls.
Through a great depression they
tolerated ever-increasing direction
from Washington in the interest of
the common welfare; through a
long and bitter war they submitted
to ever-growing regimentation be-
cause national safety dictated it;
but when the depression passed into
history and the war was over, they
rebelled. Sad experience taught
them that regimentation and gov-
ernment control create evils rather
than solve them. Especially during
the war years they saw the ineffec-
tiveness of government domination
of all phases of living, an ineffec-
tiveness that is still plaguing our
attempts at reconversion.
Overalls are still hard to find al-
though the plush stores are crowd-
ed with thousand dollar fur coats.
The shop windows are full of in-
tricate pieces of costume jewelry
that took man man-hours to make
but the citizen who wants to re-roof
his kitchen can't get a couple of
pounds of nails for love nor money.
The lothario who wants to bestow
on his inamorata a flacon of thirty-
five dollar an ounce perfume has no
difficulty except as to making a
choice from the many exotic num-
bers offered for sale, but the house-
wife who wants a bar of laundry
soap to wash the children's clothes
must trudge from store to store
before she finds it — if indeed she
finds it at all. The veteran who
wants a decent home to raise his
family in can get lots of priorities
and advice and forms but he is
darned lucky if he can find a sec-
ond-hand garage to live in while he
waits for his dream home to mate-
rialize.
All these things developed under
the most rigid set of government
controls this nation has ever seen.
Controls have been piled on con-
trols, and steadily the economic
picture has grown more confused
T II 1] ( A It V K S T K K
and chaotic as the controls in-
creased. ( >n November 5 the people
vociferously proclaimed they want-
ed no more of them.
When Congress next convenes,
the Republican Party will be at the
helm. In both houses the Republi-
cans will operate with clear-cut ma-
jorities— thanks to the election re-
sults of last month. Consequently
upon their shoulders will rest the
gravest responsibility any political
party ever faced in the history of
our nation. It is now up to the Re-
publicans to lead us out of the
morass on to solid ground. Their
task will not be made any easier
by the fact that a Democratic presi-
dent occupies the White House.
However, the reins are in their
hands and they must choose the
road and set the pace.
Before the Eightieth Congress
convenes, it might not be amiss for
the Republican Party to take care-
ful stock of the situation. There is
every indication that the landslide
vote last month came less from a
popular endorsement of the Repub-
lican platform and more from a pro-
test against the ever-increasing
amount of government control that
has grown up during the war years.
The people were fed up with price
controls that didn't control prices ;
they were fed up with wage con-
trols that made a mockery of col-
lective bargaining; they were fed
up with bureaus and agencies and
directives and edicts. When they
got the opportunity on November
5 they said so at the polls.
Clearly the Republican Party re-
ceived a mandate from the Ameri-
can people to bring to an end the
era of government by bureau and
edict. However, that is as far as
it goes. There are those in the Re-
publican Partv who have long pur-
sued an anti-labor course. They
have been vociferous and they have
been persistent. Unfortunately, they
have also ranked high in the Party.
Let the Republicans not make the
mistake of assuming that last
month's victory at the polls was an
endorsement of the anti-labor policy
these leaders have voiced. Such is
not the case. As much as any other
group, labor has smarted and suf-
fered under bureaucratic domina-
tion of our economy. For five years
workers have seen prices skyrocket
despite a pledge by the government
that they would be held down. At
the same time they have had their
wages rigidly controlled during
that period. Wage adjustments they
have negotiated with their employ-
ers have been altered, qualified or
denied altogether by one or another
of the bureaus or bureaucrats. La-
bor was thoroughly fed up with
controls by November 5.
Certainly a substantial share of
labor support must have been an
underlying factor in the Republican
victory. That support was forth-
coming not because the workers
wanted their unions tampered with,
but rather because they wanted
their unions freed from govern-
ment dictation which supplanted
collective bargaining during the
war years. The Republican Party
should bear that fact in mind. What
support the Party receives from la-
bor from now on will be in direct
ratio to the manner in which the
Party recognizes that fact. Work-
ers want their unions free and un-
fettered. They want the economy
of the country free and unfettered.
They want true collective bargain-
ing to once more become the basis
for the settling of differences. They
want an end of government inter-
ference in matters in which manage-
ment and union leaders can work
THE CARPENTER
out better solutions than can any
bureaucrats. Put bluntly, they want
politicians kept out of labor rela-
tions.
Not only in the field of labor but
also in the whole broad field of so-
cial progress the Republican Party
should move with caution. Since
the Party was last in power, many
social gains have been made. The
Social Security Act, the Fair Labor
Standards Act, and many other
basic laws have been written into
the books. While some of these acts
may have room for improvement,
basically they are progressive.
By no stretch of the imagina-
tion can last month's victory at
the polls be construed as a man-
date from the people to attack the
fundamental principles involved in
these laws despite the fact a few
prominent Party members opposed
these laws from the beginning.
Where abuses exist, the Republican
Party can add to its prestige by in-
stituting reforms. Where injustices
exist the Party can increase its pop-
ularity by wiping them out. But the
fact should never be overlooked
that these things are now a funda-
mental part of the American Way
of life.
The fear that is uppermost in the
minds of most of our people today
is the fear of another depression.
The danger is great. A boom is
developing which is slowly but
surely courting a bust. Since the
Republican Party was last in pow-
er, the nation has weathered a di-
sastrous depression. That depres-
sion taught some bitter but valuable
lessons. Through the years since
1932 a number of safeguards have
been set up against a repetition of
the black days of the thirties. While
none of these safeguards can stave
off a depression if the proper sort
of conditions develop, they can and
will cushion the shock and decrease
the attendant misery if one comes.
For example, there are the bank-
ing reforms. Much of the misery
caused by the last depression came
from the fact that so many banks
failed. Millions of people lost their
savings at a time when they needed
them most. Those savings would
not only have alleviated personal
suffering but also they would have
helped to maintain the nation's pur-
chasing power. The depression
might never have reached the bitter
depths it did had the banks not
failed. From the point of view of
the little man, guaranteed deposits
are a form of insurance he feels
little able to part with regardless of
what the nation's bigger bankers
think about them. This the Repub-
lican Party must not overlook.
Other safeguards against the
worst miseries of depression are
unemployment insurance, old age
and survivors' benefits, and other
programs connected with the So-
cial Security Act. These are no an-
tidotes for depression, but they
do provide a cushion to allevi-
ate personal suffering; and col-
lectively they represent a last
desperate measure of purchasing
power when purchasing power may
be needed most. By the same token,
the Fair Labor Standards Act,
which guarantees a minimum wage
for all work performed in inter-
state commerce, stands as a bulwark
against total collapse of purchasing
power. The real tragedy of the last
depression was that even those who
remained employed received such
pitifully low wages they could buy
back very little of the goods pro-
duced. That must never happen
again. The Fair Labor Standards
Act maintains a floor under wages;
— not the kind of a floor there
should be, but at least a floor.
s
T II E CARPENTER
To the little man on the farm or
in the city; the threat of another
depression is a spectre haunting his
every waking- hour. Wherever he
goes and whatever he does the fear
of another depression is never com-
pletely out of his mind. He looks
to his leaders for assurance that the
black days of the thirties will not be
repeated.
The task facing the new regime
is a tremendous one. The fate of
the Republican Party — and for that
matter, the fate of Democracy it-
self— may be hanging in the bal-
ance. The people made it clear on
November 5 that they want this
country to remain free. However,
as we have said many times before,
freedom is an ephemeral thing; all
segments of the economy must re-
main free or eventually none will
be free. In the war that we recently
won one of the proudest chapters is
the contribution labor made. That
contribution was made by free la-
bor. In the trying years ahead, la-
bor can make an equal contribution
to the building of a lasting peace
and prosperity. However, it can do
so only as long as it remains free.
According to recent figures re-
leased by the Federal Reserve
Board, one American family out of
five has an annual income of less
than $1,000. Practically half of our
families exist on incomes of less
than $2,000; this despite all the talk
there has been of bloated wartime
wages. Under today's conditions, an
annual income of $2,000 is wholly
inadequate; an income of $1,000 or
less must mean downright priva-
tion. It is this poverty in the midst
of riches on which our legislative
reforms must concentrate. It is not
the fact that labor is free to strike
that threatens us. It is the fact that
too many of our people have too
little purchasing power. It is not
union activity that menaces our free
institutions; rather it is the ever-
present threat of another depres-
sion and all the misery and priva-
tion a depression represents.
In economics there many theories
regarding the causes of depres-
sions. Most of them have some
truth in them, but basically there
is only one real cause for any busi-
ness collapse. Collapse comes when
there is insufficient purchasing
power in the hands of the people
to buy back the products made by
industry. Taxes, inventories, credit,
fiscal policies, etc. may all have
some bearing on depressions, but if
enough people have enough money
to buy things with there can never
be any real depression. It is when
prices get out of line with wages;
it is when profits gobble up money
that should go into pay envelopes
that the real trouble comes. If
the Republican Party bears that in
mind half the battle will be won.
There are several conflicting
ideologies existing in the civilized
world today. Whether any of us
care to admit it or not these ideo-
logies are in direct competition
with each other. The talking point
of the others is that they can do
more to advance the welfare of the
ordinary citizen than we can. We
do not have to do any talking; we
can point to our accomplishments
under a democracy. If we continue
to be interested in the welfare of
the working man and to broaden
rather than constrict our concept of
the dignity of man, we need have
little fear of the "isms." Under a
free economy with free labor un-
ions and a broad outlook on social
legislation, we can build a future
even more glorious than our past.
The helm will rest in the hands of
the Eightieth Congress. We wish
it well.
THE CARPENTER
SPECIAL NOTICE
November 22, 1946
To all Local Unions and District Councils,
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America.
Greetings:
The purpose of this communication is to advise all Local Unions
and District Councils of our Brotherhood that we have received offi-
cial notice of Executive Order 9 SOI which removes all wage and salary
controls adopted under the Stabilization Act of 19 42, and for your in-
formation we herewith quote same.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 9801
REMOVING WAGE AND SALARY CONTROLS ADOPTED
PURSUANT TO THE STABILIZATION ACT OF 1942
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and
statutes of the United States, and particularly by the Stabilization Act
of 1942, as amended, and for the purpose of further affecting an order-
ly transition front war to a peacetime economy, it is hereby ordered as
follows :
All controls heretofore in effect stabilizing wages and
salaries pursuant to the provisions of the Stabilization
Act of 1942, as amended, including any Executive Order
or regulation issued thereunder, are hereby terminated;
except that as to offenses committed, or rights or liabili-
ties incurred, prior to the date hereof, the provisions to
such Executive Order and regulations shall be treated as
still remaining in force for the purpose of sustaining any
proper suit, action or prosecution with respect to any
such right, liability or offense.
November 9th, 1946. Harry S. Truman
The above Executive Order noAV grants permission for employers
and employees to negotiate agreements and prevailing wage scales
for the area which the agreements cover, and same may be placed into
effect as soon as negotiated without submitting them to any govern-
ment agency for approval.
However, now that government restrictions have been removed, it
will be necessary that all Local Unions and District Councils follow
the provisions of the General Constitution, and Local Unions and Dis-
trict Councils that desire a blank schedule of inquiries should write to
the General Secretary and procure same direct from him.
We also wish to call to your attention that it will be necessary,
where new agreements and wage scales are negotiated, that copies of
same be submitted to the Bacon-Davis Division of the Labor Depart-
ment, Labor Department Building, Washington, D. C. so that in future
predeterminations made by this division this information will be avail-
able and eliminate any controversy after said predetermination has
been made.
Fraternally yours,
M. A. HUTCHESON
for the
General President.
SIP
OUT FOR THE GRAVY
Well, price controls are now all a
thing of the past. It is a matter of
"let your conscience be your guide"
from now on. From where we sit it
looks like some industries do hot have
much conscience. They are out to
gouge every penny they possibly can out
of the public and to heck with the rest
of the country. They are driving up
prices as fast and as far as they can
despite the fact such a policy can wreck
the nation. These gougers sort of re-
mind us of the GI who learned to cook
in the army. He developed one recipe as
follows:
"Take a good piece of beef, pour over
it a quart of Scotch, a quart of Bour-
bon, and a pint of Gin for flavoring, let
it roast for two hours, then remove it
from the oven." To the recipe he adds
this postscript; "This method of cook-
ing may ruin the beef, but man-oh-man,
what gravy it does make."
• • •
SO SAYS PAUP
"The thing that keeps so many men
broke," says beer-barrel philosopher Joe
Paup, "is not so much the wolf at the
door as the silver fox in the show
window."
THAT IS WHAT WE NEED
As this is being written, the United
Nations Organization is once more at-
tacking the problem of writing a just
and lasting peace. There appear to be
lots of chest thumping and desk pound-
ing but so far as we can see very little
in the way of agreement. As the ver-
bal sparring and jockeying goes on we
can't help but think of the story about
the West Coast machinist.
A company bought a very intricate
machine which was supposed to work
wonders. Somehow or other the machine
never did start producing. All the brass
hats in the company monkeyed around
with it, but they never could get
it operating properly. Finally they sent
out for the old time machinist. He
looked the machine over for a couple of
-minutes, took out a screwdriver, tight-
ened a screw, and immediately the ma-
chine began working perfectly.
In due time he rendered the company
a bill for fifty dollars. The treasurer
was jolted by the size of the bill. He
immediately wrote the machinist that
he thought the bill was outrageous con-
sidering the fact it only took five min-
utes to do the job. He insisted that the
machinist render an itemized bill. By
the next mail there came back an item-
ized bill as follows:
For tightening screw__$ .25
For knowing which
screw to tighten 49.75
Thank you very much. Some day I
hope I can return the favor.
Total $50.00
We keep thinking the UNO is full
of guys using screwdrivers. What we
need is at least one guy who knows
which screw to tighten.
CHEAP AT HALF THE PRICE
"My dear! What a lovely new fur
coat. It must have cost a fortune."
"No, it only cost a kiss."
"One you gave your husband?"
"Oh, no; one he gave the neighbor's
wife."
THE CARPENTER
11
WILL, IT BE THUS?
It is the year 1965. The atomic
bomb has come actively into our world
and laid it waste. Man has vanished
from the face of the earth. And with
him have gone the creatures great and
small. Throughout the universe, there
is no stirring sign of life. No sign save
one.
From a deep, dark cavern in a remote
corner of the continent of Africa, two
small animals emerge to stare in blink-
ing awe at the wreck and ruin. Scratch-
ing his head reflcetively, the boy mon-
key turned presently to his mate.
"Well," he says, in a tone of deep
resignation, "I guess we'll have to start
all over again."
STILL NOT HAPPY
When the president of the CIO fur-
niture workers several months ago
threw in the sponge because Commun-
ism was wrecking the organization,
many other CIO unions began seething
with unrest. A half dozen international
unions were on the verge of withdraw-
ing from the dual organization. All of
them are still disgusted with the domi-
nation the Communists exercise over the
CIO affiliates but so far they just have
not made the break. They sort remind
us of the story about the two tramps.
The two Weary Willies were reclin-
ing under a tree. Said one of them:
"You know, Joe, this tramping is
tough; sleeping on park benches, being
chased by police, . not knowing where
your next meal is coming from, getting
insulted by everyone; I tell you it's a
terrible life."
"Well," said his partner, "if you
don't like this tramping, why don't you
find yourself a job?"
The tramp sat up with a jerk.
"What!" he demanded with a scowl,
"and admit I'm a failure?"
GENUS HOMO SAUTED
The cannibal cook approached his
chief. "Sire," he asked, "shall I boil
the fat young missionary for supper?"
"I should say not," answered the
chief testily. "Can't you see he is a
friar?"
THE RIGHT ANSWER
Armistice Day, 1946, passed quietly
and unobtrusively. Here and there
there was a short parade, and here and
there there were ceremonies honoring
the men who died in World War 1,
but by and large the day that in 1919
was going to be such an important na-
tional holiday passed into history al-
most without notice. And small wonder;
since Armistice Day was first set up as a
holiday an even more horrible war has
been fought and won and a third world
conflict is looming on the horizon.
In connection with Armistice Day we
always think of the lad in a Colorado
school who was taking an examination.
One of the questions was: "What is
the significance of the eleventh of No-
vember, 1918?"
The lad answered, "That's the day
the Armistice of World War 1 was
signed and there has been one minute of
peace each year since."
We don't know what mark he got on
his answer, but if it were not an "A,"
the teacher has not been following
world affairs closely.
• • •
WISHFUL THINKING
Two veteran business agents were sit-
ting in the union office. "You know,"
said one to the other, "every night I
come down to the office here my wife
thinks I'm out chasing women. Ji-
menny, I wish she were right."
PicacliUy Apts. Combustion Engineer's
Office, Mr. Murphy's secretary speakin' !
12
Redwood workers are si ill fighting for
union principles after year of struggle
REDWOOD CHIPS ARE DOWN
• • •
NEARLY ONE YEAR after the employers flatly and finally rejected
their demands for union wages and union working conditions,
the Brotherhood members in the Redwood lumber industry are
still carrying on their fight for union principles as vigorously as ever
against nine of the major producers. It was on January 14 of last year
that the Brotherhood Redwood workers were forced to take economic
action by the unyielding attitude of the employers. Week in and week
out since that time they have maintained their picket lines and carried
on their struggle for equality with the remainder of the Pacific Coast
lumber industry. From the first the Redwood workers have only asked
for wages and conditions equal to those enjoyed by Brotherhood lumber
workers in Oregon, Washington, and other sections of California. From
the beginning the employers have
been adamant in their refusal to
grant these wages and conditions.
Some of the smaller companies have
signed up but tine nine major pro-
ducers are still holding out. So the
struggle still goes on.
Last month First General Vice
President M. A. Hutcheson made a
special trip to the Redwood area tated to use their power and influ-
in an effort to bring about a settle- ence. From the very first days when
ment. Although he spent many the Brotherhood began organizing
days in the area, the operators the Redwood workers their attitude
showed no disposition to yield on toward unions has been uncoopera-
any major point. They maintained tive. Every gain by other Pacific
the same arbitrary attitude they Coast lumber workers involved a
run things to suit themselves and
there has been none to say them
"nay."- They have dominated the
politicians and many of the business
men and their word has virtually
been law. Their lumber operations
have been the life-blood of the com-
munities and they have not hesi-
maintained in the early days of the
dispute when the union leaders
were making every honest effort to
work out a satisfactory settlement
through collective bargaining. Con-
sequently the situation is still un-
changed practically a full year after
the struggle first began.
For many years the Redwood
area of California has been domi-
nated by a few wealthy and power-
ful families. For years they have
battle before the same gains could
be established in the Redwood ter-
ritory.
However, the struggle is now de-
veloping into a "fight to the finish."
The entire Brotherhood in Califor-
nia and on the Pacific Coast is mo-
bilized behind the Redwood work-
ers. At a banquet honoring Vice
President Maurice Hutcheson, held
in the St. Frances Hotel in San
Francisco, October 30, the Bay
THE CARPENTER
13
Counties District Council of Car-
penters announced that the organ-
ization had voted a contribution of
three dollars per member to the
strikers. Inasmuch as the member-
ship of the Council runs in the
neighborhood of 20.000 the total do-
nation will therefore approximate
$60,000. In addition the Council
voted to back up the strikers in
every way possible including recog-
nition of the unfair status of all
Redwood lumber made under non-
union conditions.
At' a similar banquet honoring
Vice President Hutcheson in Los
Angeles, held on November 4, the
District Council there also pledged
all-out support to the Redwood
workers. At both banquets, repre-
sentatives of the State Council of
Carpenters were present and they
also pledged that the entire state
organization would back the em-
battled local unions to the hilt.
What lumber the nine companies
will be able to produce with strike-
breaking crews is destined for a
very cool reception up and down the
Coast. The Redwood lumber pro-
duced under fair conditions will
henceforth bear the clearance label
"AFL 8." That which does not bear
this clearance label will be the prod-
uct of one of the unfair mills. It
will get the same reception as the
bubonic plague would. Brother-
hood members everywhere should
be wary of Redwood lumber. If it
does not bear the recognition label
"AFL 8" it is the product of one of
the nine mills which seem bent on
breaking our union.
The rest of the Brotherhood lum-
ber workers on the Pacific Coast
are backing their embattled broth-
ers in the Redwood territory to the
limit. All through the long months
of the struggle they have been lend-
ing moral and financial support. At
the recent convention of the North-
western Council of Lumber and
Sawmill Workers the delegates
present voted by unanimous action
to contribute a dollar per month per
member to the Redwood workers
until they win an unqualified vic-
tory in their long and bitter strug-
gle. The Northwestern Council rep-
resents some 60,000 lumber workers
in the Northwest. Experienced and
capable leaders from organizations
affiliated with the Council have been
sent to the Redwood area to help
in conducting the battle for union
wages and union principles.
The Redwood workers have car-
ried on their fight under conditions
reminiscent of fifty years ago.
There have been evictions from
company houses and there have
been threats and intimidation. Un-
ion men have been beaten up and
others have been jailed. Except for
the militant and union -minded
spirit of the Brotherhood Redwood
workers, the nine companies might
have long since made the territory
an open shop, scab-wage area. The
whole future of unionism in North-
ern California is at stake in the
struggle. If the Redwood compan-
ies succeed in smashing unionism in
their territories, similar assaults
will be forthcoming from other em-
ployers in the state.
The eyes of employers and union
officials alike are focused on the
outcome of the epic struggle in the
Redwoods. The Redwood workers
must emerge victorious regardless
of the cost. They are doing their
part. They are carrying on in the
face of any and all obstacles. They
are entitled to all the support not
only the Brotherhood but the rest
of the labor movement as well can
muster.
14
Scientists now visualize machines that operate
without any human guidance for tomorrow's plants
Factories IVithout Men
A FULLY automatic factory, producing- anything from fountain
pens to helicopters, and with only a handful of technicians for a
labor force, is described as a distinct possibility in the last issue
of Fortune magazine.
All the parts for such a factory actually exist today. Fortune points
out, in its introduction to the descriptive article entitled "Machines With-
out Men." Authors of the article are two young Canadian radar scierftists,
Eric W. Leaver and John J. Brown.
Leaver and Brown paint a picture of a factory "as clean, spacious, and
continuously operating as a hydroelectric plant. The production floor is
barren of men. Only a few engineers, technicians, and operators walk
about on a balcony above, before a ■ — —
great wall of master control pan-
els, inserting and checking records,
watching and adjusting batteries of
control instruments. All else is
automatic.
"Raw materials flow in by con-
veyor, move through automatic in-
spection units, fabricating machines,
subassembly and assembly lines, all
controlled from the master panels,
and arrive at the automatic pack-
aging machines as finished prod-
ucts— radios, refrigerators, tractors,
fountain pens, carburetors, helicop-
ters, or what you will."
Plenty of automatic devices al-
ready have been piled on machines
— yet it has been necessary to have
a man operate the last control de-
vice. "This is true," say Leaver and
Brown, "only because industry con-
tinues to operate under an inflexible
theory of machine design."
Since the 18th Century, the auth-
ors point out, designers have start-
ed with the product, then designed
a machine to make it. What the
authors propose is "an entirely dif-
ferent view of machine design that
will concentrate on basic operations
rather than on the product."
The proposed new machine is
made up of many small units
plugged together — each unit cap-
able of performing one function,
each series of units capable of
building a given part.
The Leaver-Brown factory would
require three types of machine units
— all now available in reasonably
efficient form, the authors assert :
(i) Units to give and receive in-
formation, such as microphones,
thermometers, photoelectric cells,
telephone circuits, perforated tapes,
wire or plastic recordings, films;
(2) collation-and-control units,
accept information and feed con-
trolled power to operating units ac-
cordingly; (3) units to operate on
materials — t ran sporting, rolling,
cutting, punching, painting, etc.
"A simple part might require
only one or two units of each class ;
THE CARPENTER
15
one requiring many operations
would need perhaps a score of
each," Leaver and Brown explain in
Fortune.
"The complete machine will be
highly adaptable, with easily de-
tachable components designed to be
shuffled and rearranged at any time
to build an entirely different prod-
uct."
The authors trace the sequence of
operations in the automatic factory,
from the point where automatic
transport units unload raw mate-
rials from truck or freight car and
pass them through inspection units,
to the end of the production line,
where "everything from electric
toasters to automobiles will be
packaged automatically."
If a product is to be changed,
"new punch cards or blueprint rec-
ords are substituted for the old in
the master record-control racks.
Teams of technicians go down on
the production floor to rearrange,
set up, and reconnect the inter-
changeable units of production.
Then the continuous production run
is started again.
"In such a factory the human
working force is confined to man-
agement, which makes policy de-
cisions as to how many of what
items to produce, and an engineer-
ing and technical staff, which car-
ries out the decisions."
The foregoing is part of a news
release by Fortune magazine ad-
vertising its November issue. Star-
tling as it may sound, the kind of
factory described in the article will
be entirely feasible within the not
too distant future. Year by year
science has developed one machine
after another to cut down on the
amount of manpower needed to pro-
duce an article. Always heretofore
at least one man has been needed
to tend to the machine. With elec-
tronics, electric eye, radar, etc. ma-
chines to tend machines are now on
their way. The day when human la-
bor will be all but unnecessary is
not far off.
As each labor saving device came
on the market, the workers who
were displaced by it bore the brunt
of the burden. They lost their jobs
and had their lives disrupted. On
the other hand the employers in-
creased their earnings through
smaller labor costs. While this sort
of thing has worked a hardship on
individual workers, it has been a big
factor in making America the great
nation it is. Machines cut produc-
tion costs and lowered prices. As
prices decreased, markets increased,
and more and more of the good
things of life became available to
the working people. Only in Amer-
ica can the average worker afford a
radio and a car of sorts and a refrig-
erator.
However, there must be a limit
to which this system can be carried.
People have to have jobs before
they can buy things. Cutting the
price of an automobile to fifteen
dollars will not mean a thing if no
one has fifteen dollars with which to
buy it. Heretofore labor has been
looked on as an item of expense in
manufacture; an item to be pared
down as stringently as possible.
Well, the time has come for a re-
valuation of the situation. There
must be a recognition of the fact
that workers are consumers too. If
they do not have jobs or if those
jobs do not pay them a decent wage,
all the economies that can be achiev-
ed in manufacture will mean noth-
ing; there simply will be no market
for the goods produced.
Editorial
There Must Be A Better Solution
The November 12 edition of the Indianapolis Times devoted a fair
share of its front page to an article by Basil Manly, former joint chairman
of the National War Labor Board during World War I. On the editorial
page the paper brought into play some of its best adjectives and adverbs
in support of Manly's views, although doubting that they could be put over
at this time.
What Mr. Manly suggested in his article was an industrial armistice
for the year 1947 ; that is a year without strikes or lockouts of any kind.
He stated his case in part as follows:
"The industrial warfare which has been waged throughout the United
States since V-J Day is rapidly wrecking the national economy.
"No one can profit by its continuance. Investors and management are
already despondent. In the nation's desperation, labor may lose both in
prestige and power all it has gained in a generation.
"Conversely a period of substantially full and uninterrupted produc-
tion will feed and clothe the people, relieve the housing shortage, and
largely restore normal price levels. If this can be accomplished, purchas-
ing power will be increased; American labor will enjoy the highest stand-
ard of living the world has ever known ; and American industry and agri-
culture will have assured markets for all they can produce."
The way Mr. Manly puts it, it all sounds fine. If we thought it would
do the things he says it will, we would be for it too. However, sad experi-
ence after the last war taught us that the sort of thing Manly advocates is
not practical. The same front page that carried Manly's article carried
our main objection to the idea. Just a couple of columns over from his ar-
ticle was another one announcing that two of the biggest soap manufac-
turers in the nation were increasing the prices of their products fifty
per cent immediately. Verbatim the headline said : "Firms Announce
Fifty Per Cent Hike in Soap, Powder Prices." An earlier edition of the
same paper announced: "General Motors Increases Car Prices $100." On
an inside page was a story telling that rents are sure to go up by at least
fifteen per cent in the next few months. In the face of this kind of price
hiking, can the worker forego his right to strike and still exist?
However, even aside from that consideration, events after the last war
should have taught us that a proper relationship must be maintained be-
tween prices and wages or disaster becomes inevitable. Following World
War 1, the employers, through their company union plan, crippled the
effectiveness of legitimate unions. Instead of giving their employes wage
increases, they gave them patriotic speeches. Prices went up, wages
stayed down. By 1929, the value of goods produced by American industry
was ten billion dollars higher than it was in 1923. At the same time the
workers who made the goods in 1929 got only half a billion dollars more
THE CARPENTER 17
in wages than they did in 1923. By 1929 the capital investment structure
of industry was forty-four billion dollars higher than it was in 1923
because money that should have gone into wages went into profits. The
result was that by the end of that year the capacity of industry to produce
was at an all-time high but the purchasing power of the masses was down
where it was in 1923. The collapse followed.
Now we are following the same disastrous pattern. Prices are being
hiked at an alarming rate. Wages must keep pace or a repitition of 1929
is inevitable. Even under present conditions, the unions are unable to
keep wages within hailing distance of prices. Now Manly proposes that
labor give up the one effective weapon it has in its struggle to keep wages
and prices on an even keel.
More than any other segment of the population labor dislikes the
strike situation. To the general public a strike is an inconvenience; to the
workers involved it is a hard, bitter tragedy involving loss of income,
debts piling up and children going hungry. No worker wants to strike
if a strike can be avoided. Any plan that eliminates strikes will meet with
labor's approval, provided prices and wages can be kept within shouting
distance of each other. However, with firms announcing fifty per cent
price hikes at one time as they are doing now, it will be hard to sell labor
on any plan depriving it of any possible chance of keeping wages within
sight of prices. The major threat to our nation is not strikes, but rather
hog-wild increases in prices during a time when purchasing power remains
stationary or even decreases.
♦
An Investigation Seems Logical
During recent years various Congressional committees have been busy
investigating all sorts of things. Some of the investigations — such as
those that uncovered the Garsson-May scandal in government contract let-
ting— served a very useful purpose. Others simply blundered along and
accomplished nothing.
Undoubtedly there will be a flood of new investigations proposed as
soon as the new Congress convenes. Some solons find these investigat-
ing committees fine vehicles for getting a lot of personal publicity. Be
that as it may, however, it seems to us that the incoming Congress might
profitably appoint a committee to look into the charges made by a man
named Rogge. Rogge maintains that he was discharged by the Attorney-
general for disclosing details of allegedly close alliances between some
prominent Americans and certain of the higher Nazis. He has been travel-
ing across the nation telling his story. Whether his facts are 100% re-
liable we are in no position to know; but the charges he makes are so
serious an investigation is merited.
Americans have always been great for perverting the meaning of
words. The words "Communist" and "Fascist" are among the most per-
verted of all. To a Communist, anyone who fails to follow the Kremlin
line unquestioningly is a "Fascist." On the other hand, to some conserva-
tive elements, anyone who has a single progressive idea is a "Communist."
Maybe all the smoke engendered by Rogge is merelv a play on words.
However, too often where there is smoke there is fire. Rogge has en-
gendered enough smoke to merit a thorough investigation.
18
Hollywood's Real Stars
FOR ALMOST a year and a half Local Union No. 946, Studio Car-
penters of Hollywood, has been involved in the most publicized
labor dispute in history. Despite threats, intimidation and acts of
violence the members of Local Union No. 946 have stood firm all these
months in their determination to maintain their organization and protect
the jurisdiction that has belonged to them ever since the movie industry
outgrew cow pastures and second-handed barns.
As this is being written late in
November, the dispute is as far
from being settled as ever and the
members of Local Union No. 946
are as determined as ever to stand
pat until their rights have been up-
held. During the Twenty-fifth Gen-
eral convention, the background of
the dispute was reported on by
General President Hutcheson. As
explained by Brother Hutcheson,
the members of Local 946 have
for many years performed certain
types of carpentry ' work in the
studios in connection with building
movie sets. Some time ago the In-
ternational Alliance of Theatrical
and Stage Employes began claim-
ing work that rightfully belongs to
our organization and has been tra-
ditionally performed by our mem-
bers. Every effort by our organiza-
tion to work out a peaceful settle-
ment was stymied by the I.A.T.S.E.
which, instead of cooperating, be-
gan demanding even more of our
work. At the same time the I.A.T.-
S.E. began moving in on the juris-
diction of other crafts. A strike re-
sulted.
Early this year the A. F. of L.
Executive Committee appointed a
three-man commission to study and
rule on the dispute. The commis-
sion met and issued a ruling which
was ambiguous. Subsequently the
commission handed down an inter-
pretation. That interpretation was
spurned by the I.A.T.S.E. Since
that time the studios have changed
their strategy. Recently all of our
members have been "discharged."
The situation has changed from a
strike to a lock-out.
Last month First General Vice
President M. A. Hutcheson jour-
neyed to Hollywood in an effort to
work out a settlement. In sincerity
and good faith he placed the Broth-
erhood on record as ready an4 will-
ing to sit down with all parties con-
concerned to work out a mutually
satisfactory settlement. To this of-
fer the I.A.T.S.E. turned a deaf ear.
On the pretext that there has been
violence on the picket lines, the
I.A.T.S.E. has refused to enter into
negotiations. So the dispute drags
on, and the members of Local 946
continue as unionism's real Holly-
wood stars.
From the beginning Local 946
has sought nothing more than to
protect jurisdiction which has al-
ways belonged to it In line with
the proposal made by Brother
Hutcheson it is ready and willing
to sit down and establish a sound
basis for peace in the industry.
More than that no fair-minded or-
ganization can do. Until such time
as the I.A.T.S.E. and the studios
become of the same frame of mind,
Local 946 can do nothing but carry
on the fight for its basic rights. And
that, with the unqualified backing
of the entire Brotherhood, it in-
tends to do.
Official Information
General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS
of AMERICA
Gbnhral Officb : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ino\
General President
WM. L. HUTCHBSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Fibst General Vice-President
M. A. HUTCHBSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Secretary
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Second General Vice-President
JOHN R. STEVENSON
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
General Executive Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, Jr. Filth District, R. E. ROBERTS
111 E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.
631 W. Page, Dallas, Texas
Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bid., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.
Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.
Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.
Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St.. Florence, S. C.
Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.
WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary
All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary.
Report of the Delegates to the Thirty-ninth Annual Convention
of the Building and Construction Trades Department
of the American Federation of Labor
To the General Executive Board:
Brothers:
The Thirty-ninth Annual Convention of the Building and Construction Trades
Department of the American Federation of Labor was held in the Morrison Hotel,
Chicago, Illinois, on October 2nd and 3rd, 1946.
Eighty-eight Delegates were present from nineteen International Unions.
Addresses of welcome were delivered by Mr. Wm. J. Lynch, President of the
Building Constructors of Chicago; the Hon. Edward F. Kelly, Mayor of
Chicago; Mr. Joseph Keenan, Secretary of the Chicago Federation of Labor;
Hon. Hugh W. Cross, Lieutenant Governor and Acting Governor of the
State of Illinois; Mr. R. E. Soderstrom, President of the Illinois State
Federation of Labor; Mr. George T. Moore, Representative of the United States
Labor Department (Bond Division); Mr. John P. Frey, President of the Metal
Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor; Mr. George Meany,
Secretary-Treasurer of the American Federation of Labor; Mr. James Marshall,
Representative of the Associated General Contractors of America; Mr. Wm.
Green, President of the American Federation of Labor and Mr. Ray C. Kirkpatrick,
Director of Labor Relations, Federal Works Agency.
The report of the Secretary-Treasurer showed that twenty-six Building and
Construction Trades Council charters had been issued in 1945 and 1946 and five
charters had been re-issued.
20 THE CARPENTER
AVERAGE MEMBERSHIP OF INTERNATIONAL UNIONS ON WHICH TAX
IS PATH
Average Number
members in good of
standing 1946 Delegates
Asbestos Workers 4,000 2
Boilermakers 64,100 6
Bricklayers 65,000 6
Carpenters 300,000 8
Electrical Workers 150,000 7
Elevator Constructors 10,164 3
Engineers 32,000 5
Granite Cutters 4,000 2
Iron Workers 92,269 6
Laborers 241,750 7
Lathers 8,100 3
Marble Polishers 4,500 2
Painters 153,500 7
Plasterers 25,000 4
Plumbers 130,000 7
Roofers 8,583 3
Sheet Metal Workers 25,000 4
Stone Cutters 1,900 1
Teamsters 50,000 5
Total Membership 1,369,864 88
TOTAL AFFILIATES
Local Building and Construction Trades Councils 521
State Building and Construction Trades Councils 13
International Unions Affiliated with the Building and Construction
Trades Department 19
Total 553
REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON AUDIT
We, your Committee on Audit, desire to report that the books of the Secretary-
Treasurer have been carefully audited for the period of July 1, 1944 through
June 30, 1946, and we found the items of receipts and disbursements correct in
every detail.
The finances of the Building and Construction Trades Department are in better
condition than ever before in its history.
William McCarthy, Chairman
Lawrence Foley
Paul A. Givens
Committee on Audit.
The report was adopted.
REPORT OF EXECUTIVE COUNCIL
The Executive Council of the Building and Construction Trades Department
has had before it many cases since the Convention in New Orleans, Louisiana, in
November, 1944.
Then follows a list of 7 7 cases considered and acted upon, such as: Agreements,
Labor Conditions on Naval Ordnance Plants, Jurisdictional Disputes, Automobile
Workers Trespassing on Jurisdiction of Building and Construction Trades, War
Production Board, Construction Advisory Committee, Applications for Charters,
Theatrical Stage Employes and Moving Picture Operators encroachment on cer-
tain Building and Construction Trades, Meeting with Associated General Con-
tractors, Purchase of Government Bonds, Conversion Work, Correspondence with
Employers relative to entering into a National Agreement with all Trades, In-
fringement of Maintenance of Way Employes on Jurisdiction of Building Trades.
Returning Veterans' Apprenticeship Training, Wage Adjustment Board, Sur-
plus Property Administration, Applications for Territorial Jurisdiction asked by
some Subordinate Councils, Veterans' Housing, Apprenticeship Training, etc.
THE CARPENTER 21
The Report of the Executive Council was, unanimously adopted.
The salary of the President of the Department was set at $18,000.00 per year
and the salary of the Secretary-Treasurer at $12,000.00 per year. These two
officers to be elected for a term of four years each.
The following Resolution was unanimously adopted and referred to the in-
coming Executive Council to deal with:
Whereas: The pledge of the Building and Construction Trades Department to
cooperate and render every possible service in meeting the housing emergency
has been and is being zealously carried out, nevertheless, we now find that the
National Housing Expediter, the National Housing Agency and other govern-
mental agencies are not reciprocating and have issued orders and directives detri-
mental to the building and construction industry affecting all elements employed
therein, such as, architects, engineers, material producers and "distributors, con-
tractors, subcontractors and labor, and
Whereas: It is conceded that a sound economy is vital to the success of the
Veterans' Housing Program and even though it is recognized that an acute housing
shortage exists, it is necessary to permit the construction of non-deferrable, essen-
tial building and in unusual hardship cases to permit construction of certain
projects, and
Whereas: The Civilian Production Administration is the agency designated to
define the policies and establish criteria for processing applications for authority
to construct non-housing projects including alterations and repairs of existing
structures, and in carrying out their task have endeavored to create a balanced
program through the application of common sense and sound rules with the full
realization that their primary task was to eliminate as far as possible the use of
vital materials necessary to the housing program, and
Whereas: Veterans' Housing has reached a point of virtual stalemate insofar
as "sale housing" is involved and the demand for housing accommodations is con-
centrated on rental housing with no large scale projects under way to meet the
"rental demand," we find official Washington issuing orders to cut drastically any
further approvals by the C.P.A. of non-housing projects, the latest order dated
September 16, 1946, which provides an automatic appeal by the National Housing
Agency representative in each C.P.A. region where approval by the C.P.A. of a
non-housing project involves the expenditure of $100,000.00 or more, and
Whereas: We foresee the ending of employment of building trades workers on
reconversion projects, temporary housing and we fear single house construction,
which will cause large numbers of workers to seek employment on industrial,
commercial, institutional and public works projects, and because of the severe cut
back in approvals by C.P.A., these workers will be unable to continue in employ-
ment, be it
Resolved: That this Convention of the Building and Construction Trades De-
partment, A. F. of L., do go on record as reiterating their desire to cooperate in
making successful the Veterans' Housing Program, but insist that a balanced con-
struction program be permitted which will recognize that we cannot overcome the
existing housing shortage at the expense of other important factors which, if
paralyzed even temporarily, will have an effect on employment of Veterans and
non- Veterans in the construction industry, and that the Executive Council of the
Building and Construction Trades Department, A. F. of L., be instructed to dis-
cuss this matter with the National Housing Expediter and the National Housing
Agency for the purpose of securing recognition and action of the situation with
which this Resolution deals.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS
President, Richard J. Gray of the Bricklayers.
First Vice-President, L. P. Lindelof of the Painters.
Second Vice-President, W. J. McSorley of the Lathers.
Third Vice-President, Daniel J. Tobin of the Teamsters.
Fourth Vice-President, Wm. L. Hutcheson of the Carpenters.
Fifth Vice-President, Robert Byron of the Sheet Metal Workers.
Sixth Vice-President, Wm. E. Maloney of the Operating Engineers.
Seventh Vice-President, Dan W. Tracy of the Electrical Workers.
22
T II E C A 1? V E XTER
Eighth Vice-President, Martin P. Durkin of the Plumbers and Steam Fitters.
Secretary-Treasurer, Herbert Rivers of the Laborers.
Respectfully submitted,
Wm. L. Hutcheson
M. A. Hutcheson
Frank Duffy
Edward A. Kane
Fred E. Johnson
Wm. S. Quinn
C. 0. Taylor
Jerome J. Kearney
Delegates.
REPORT OF THE DELEGATE TO THE CANADIAN
TRADES AND LABOR CONGRESS
Wm. L. Hutcheson, General President
Indianapolis, Ind.
Dear Sir and Brother:
I want to thank the Brotherhood for the privilege and honor of being their
representative to the 61st Annual Convention of the Trades and Labor Congress
of Canada, Windsor, Ontario, 1946. Six hundred and thirty-eight delegates were
registered and two hundred and eight-five resolutions were presented and dealt
with, many with the same subject matter. These were acted on collectively.
Mr. Matthew Woll, American Federation of Labor Vice-President, stated "there
has been a slight misunderstanding but it is purely a misunderstanding. The dif-
ference hinged on a matter of procedure and not of policy. Granting a mistake
has been made by an unfortunate choice of language, no one in the A. F. of L.
ever questioned the sovereignty of the Trades and Labor Congress and would
not quarrel in any way with the seating of the delegates."
The carpenters delegates endeavored through a resolution to bar Communists
from occupying executive positions in the Trades and Labor Congress but after
much discussion a motion carried that the political views of a delegate are not
the business of the Congress and that members should pay more attention to the
meetings of their local unions and there would be no danger of domination by
any group within their ranks.
It was agreed by the carpenter delegates that each and every Local Union of
the U. B. of C. and J. of A. should be enlightened as to the importance of sending
a delegate or delegates to each Convention of the Congress. In no other way can
we be heard or make our contribution to Labor but through attending Conven-
tions of this kind.
Enclosed you will find the Financial Statement for the years 1945 and 1946,
Special Resolution No. 3 favoring the Ontario Lumber Workers and Resolutions
No. 63, 64 and 65 dealing with Foreign Affairs.
Again thanking you and extending my sincere thanks to the Brotherhood for
the privilege of being their delegate, I remain
Fraternally yours,
Local S3. J. C. Beattie.
NEW
2798 Morganton, N. C. 2335
2804 Brausconib. Cal. 2869
2116 Mullens, W. Va. 2870
2222 Patchoque, L. I., N. Y. 2986
2392 Cadillac, Mich. 2336
2235 Dubuque, la. 2339
2826 Malvern, Ark. 2872
2246 Fennimore, Wis. 2885
2827 Port Arthur, Ont., Can. 2895
2263 Superior, Wis. 2345
2271 Lynchburg, Va. 2347
2303 Oxford, Miss. 2360
2318 Clinton, la. 2896
2323 Livingston Manor, N.Y. 2366
2332 Fergus Falls, Minn. 2371
2839 Cumruings, Cal. 2374
2850 Red Bluff. Cal.
CHARTERS ISSUED
Natchitoches, La.
Eau Claire, Wis.
Helena, Mont.
Plymouth, N. C.
Pine Bluff, Ark.
Rome, Ga.
Sarnia, Ont., Can. •
Cookeville, Tenn.
Paducah, Ky.
Clinton, Ind.
McCaysville, Ga.
Pittsburg, Kan.
El Dorado, Cal.
Milledgeville, Ga.
Jena. La.
North Battleford. Sask.,
Can.
2377 Lindsay, Ont., Can.
2905 Caldwell, Ida.
2918 Richfield, Cal.
2385 Towanda, Pa.
2386 Longview, Wash.
2387 Lake Charles, La.
1006 New Brunswick, N. J.
2401 Moncton, N. B., Can.
2402 San Gabriel, Cal.
1007 Prineville, Ore.
2921 Jesup, Ga.
1011 Chattanooga, Tenn.
1018 Chattanooga, Tenn.
1054 Chattanooga, Tenn.
1086 Orangeburg, S. C.
2932 Malvern, Ark.
293(5 Bogalusa, La.
%i n
ttntfx tarn
Not lost to those that lore them, They still live in our memory,
Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more.
%,tsi in Treats
The Editor has been requested to publish the names
mi the following Brothers who have passed atomy.
Brother WALTER S. BOLES, Local No. 295, Collinsville, 111.
Brother JAS. T. BOWDOIN, Local No. 1849, Pasco, Wash.
Brother WILLARD BUMP, Local No. 1373, Flint, Mich.
Brother JOHN CAPLER, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.
Brother ARTHUR CARLSON, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother MARTIN CARLSON, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother LOUIS CULLEN, Local No. 67, Hyde Park, Mass.
Brother BARTHOLOMEW DALEY, Local No. 67, Hyde Park, Mass.
Brother BENJAMIN DENAULT, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother JOHN ENCLUND, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother PATRICK GILCHRIST, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother J. C. GUNTHRIE, Local No. 1052, W. Hollywood, Cal.
Brother HARRY E. HAYES, Local No. 347, Mattoon, 111.
Brother R. J. G. HUBER, Local No. 261, Scranton, Pa.
Brother H. E. HULME, Local No. 1723, Columbus, Ga.
Brother DAVID HUNTER, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother JOSEPH IRWIN, Local No. 740, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother AYDLEY C. JONES, Local No. 1158, Berkeley, Cal.
Brother G. JURK, Local No. 1373, Flint, Mich.
Brother KARL KANANEN, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother GUST KNUUTTILA, Local No. 958, Marquette, Mich.
Brother RUDOLPH O. KOEPP, Local No. 958, Marquette, Mich.
Brother GEORGE C. LAWSON, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother J. W. LINDSAY, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother W. LOTOCKI, Local No. 1244, Montreal, Que., Can.
Brother ANDREW MAGNUS, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother OTTO MANECKE, Local No. 1373, Flint, Mich.
Brother HUGH McISAAC, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother RAYMOND J. McLEOD, Local No. 1335, Wilmington, Cal.
Brother SANDY MOORE, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.
Brother G. D. PARHAM, Local No. 2183, Tupelo, Miss.
Brother WILLIE G. PARRISH, Local No. 2151, Naval Base, S. C.
Brother JOHN P. REID, Local No. 67, Hyde Park, Mass.
Brother FREDERICK J. ROWE, Local No. 67, Hyde Park, Mass.
Brother JOHN SANTMYER, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother MARCUS SCHMITT, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother PETE SENTZ, Local No. 1373, Flint, Mich.
Brother A. W. SEVILIUS, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother LUTHER P. SNYDER, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother MICHAEL STASKO, Local No. 993, Miami, Fla.
Brother HENRY GRADY STEWART, Local No. 1683, El Dorado, Ark.
Brother ROBERT J. STEWART, Local No. 1590, Washington, D. C.
Brother CHARLES C. STOVER, Local No. 581, Herrin, 111.
Brother WM. H. SWEEDY, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.
Brother JOHN TAYLOR, Local No. 56, Boston, Mass.
CorrospondoncQ
This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.
Grand Island Local Starts Blueprint Class
The Editor :
Under joint sponsorship of Local Union No. 1 187 and the contractors
of the vicinity, an adult class in blueprint drawing has been recently
organized for apprentices of Grand Island, Nebraska, and environs.
E. J. Huntemer, architect, is classroom instructor for the initial course,
which will be followed by classes in drawing, sketching, shop mathematics,
and the steel square.
Facilities are provided by the school system on authorization of the
board of education, and classes are held on Tuesday and Thursday eve-
nings.
The sponsors are, officially, the Nebraska Chapter, Associated General
Contractors of America, and Local Union No. 1187, International Brother-
hood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, A. F. of L.
The joint apprenticeship committee consists of Fred C. Maurer, chair-
man ; Herbert Bonsack, secretary; Paul Sothman, Albert Claussen, Her-
man Schmidt, and Elmer Jacobson.
Twenty-nine of the 31 members of the class are veterans of World
War II. The program is the result of a year's study by the Joint com-
mittee, in cooperation with the Federal Committee on Apprenticeship,
and is approved by state headquarters for both the contractors and the
union, as well as by R. C. Tillotson of Omaha, field representative for
the Federal Committee on Apprenticeship.
Purpose of the joint committee is to cooperate for a better construc-
tion program in Nebraska, and to provide a future supply of skilled car-
penters.
Fraternally yours,
H. O. Bonsack. Fin. Sec, Local 1187.
BROTHER COMPILES VALUABLE BOOKLET
Under the title "Carpenter's Guide" Brother Fred C. Scheibel of Local No. 62,
Chicago, has compiled a valuable little booklet outlining simplified methods for
laying out stair work, roof work and work in which arches are involved. In a
clear and concise manner this booklet describes the simplest methods of achieving
satisfactory results through proper use of the steel square. It is written and illus-
trated in such a manner that nothing more than a simple understanding of the
basic elements of geometry is needed for the reader to become proficient in laying
out roofs, stairs and arches.
Brother Scheibel has been a Brotherhood member for thirty-five years and his
new booklet represents the fruits of his many years of experience in the trade.
The price is only fifty cents.
THE CARPENTER
25
Detroit's Prize Labor Day Floats
The above entry of Millwrights Local No. 1102 won first prize in the
Detroit Labor Day parade. The conveyor on the float was erected by
members of the Local with the cooperation of one of the Detroit contrac-
tors. During the parade it was in operation and it attracted a good deal
of attention. On the conveyor were a number of signs carrying names of
various contractors with whom the Local has signed agreements.
Another of the outstanding floats in the parade was the above entry
of the District Council. The model home drew many "Ah's" and "Oh's"
from the thousands who lined the streets to watch the parade. Compli-
ments are still coming into the District Council on the beauty of their
entry.
Toronto Ladies Push Union Label
The Editor:
Auxiliary No. 303, Toronto, extends fraternal greetings to all sister organiza-
tions.
Our Auxiliary meets the second and fourth Thursdays of each month, at 8
p.m. at the Sons' of England Hall, 2 Berti St. The second Thursday is a business
meeting at which only members attend; the fourth Thursday is open night, when
we plan some social affair, such as euchre, etc. On Thursday, October 24th, we
planned to hold a court whist party to which the Brothers of Local 27 were to be
invited.
"We have been very busy getting ready for our bazaar, which is our one big
affair for the year. This year it will be held on' November 28th. There are many
fine things for sale, which have been made by the members of our Auxiliary. We
hope to make some money at this bazaar which will be used for benevolent work
during the coming winter.
We note, with particular interest, that Olympia Auxiliary is making a study
of Union Labeled goods. Our Women's Council here in Toronto has prepared a
list of "Union Goods and Services." This list has been issued to every member of
our Auxiliary. We are doing our best to make use of it.
Fraternally yours,
(Mrs.) Ida M. Taylor, Secretary.
Ponca City Auxiliary Celebrates Birthday
The Editor:
The Carpenters Ladies Auxiliary No. 417, Ponca City, Oklahoma, was organized
September 27, 1943, and on September 26th, this year the annual birthday party
was held in the Carpenters' Hall. The feature of the party was a talk by Mrs. Nina
Beekler, newly elected President of the State Council of Auxiliaries and a member
of the Ponca City organization. A History of the Auxiliary was read by the Sec-
retary. This history gave the following data: Meetings are held the second and
fourth Thursday evenings of each month, usually in the homes of members but
occasionally elsewhere. Until March, 1946, the second meeting of each month
was given over to Red Cross work, but since that time social meetings have been
held, in the homes of members. Stress has been laid on getting prospective mem-
bers to attend these social meetings.
Three social affairs of the past year have included the Carpenters, the birth-
day party in September, a card party in December, and a picnic in August.
Programs have included discussions of:
(1) The G. I. Bill of Rights.
(2) The C. I. O.
(3) The Life of John L. Lewis.
(4) Parliamentary Procedure as set forth in Roberts'
"Rules of Order."
Christmas time baskets are sent to shut-ins and all during the year flowers and
cards have been sent the sick.
The Auxiliary numbers twenty-three at this time, and began with twenty-four
charter members.
Fraternally yours, Mrs. Nina Beekler, Rec. Sec.
Craft Problems
Carpentry
By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 219
The hammer, the saw and the chisel,
each has made its own important con-
tribution to civilization. Each of these
tools has undergone changes in design
and in the things that it is used for,
but all three of them still hold indis-
pensable places in the industrial world.
Of the three, however, the hammer has
the widest field of usefulness. There
is hardly an industry in which the ham-
mer does not play an important part,
and that is particularly true of the
building industries. There are so many
different kinds of hammers, as to their
uses, and so many different designs of
each kind, that we would not have
space to list all of them, were we in-
clined to do so. Because this is true,
we are going to devote most of this les-
son to the carpenter's hammer.
The carpenter's hammers of today
can be put into two classifications;
namely, the bell face hammers and the
plain face hammers. The bell face is
slightly rounded, while the plain face is
flat. As a rule, the bell face is preferred
by most carpenters. Briefly, a hammer
can be described as a tool used for
striking blows, but the carpenter's ham-
mer is also extensively used for pulling
nails.
The first job we worked on in our
apprenticeship was a heavy timber barn
in the north-east part of Iowa. We op-
erated the boring machine and the man
who did the mortising used a mallet
(see Fig. 1) for driving his chisels. In
the days of heavy timber framing the
mallet was used almost exclusively for
driving chisels. Occasionally it is still
used for that purpose.
Fig. 2 shows a carpenter's hammer,
commonly called a claw hammer. The
head and the handle are pointed out
with indicators,
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the
head of a claw hammer with these dif-
(Gce
Clam
I Pol)
Fig. 3
ferent parts pointed out: the face, the
poll, the neck, the house or eye, and. the
claws.
Fig. 4, to the left, shows what is
called choking a hammer, because it is
gripped around the neck of the handle.
This grip is often used by beginners,
especially when they drive tacks or
small nails. The right way to grip a
hammer is shown to the right. It should
be remembered, though, that whenever
we point out the right way to do a
thing, that there is always implied
enough leeway for the workman to ad-
just himself to the particular way in
which he can get the best results. In
no case should anyone slavishly ad-
here to anything, if he has or finds a
different way that will give him better
results. For example, we have seen
lefthanded persons, after giving their
left arm a peculiar twist, do pretty
good writing. Now those strange posi-
2S
THE CARPENTER
tions were the right positions for those
lefthanded persons, rules or no rules.
Fig. 5 shows two views of how to
hold a nail when it is to be stuck at
Fig. 4
an inconvenient place, somewhat as
shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 7 shows the nail
stuck ready to be driven home. It will
be noticed by studying the illustrations
in Fig. 5, that the head of the nail is
held against the handle next to the
head of the hammer — that is the way
we get the best results. Some carpen-
ters hold the head of the nail against
Nai)
Fig. 5
the head of the hammer and make it
work, but for us that method just does
not work — usually the head of the nail
slips, and then we have to do it all
over again. When the nail is held
against the handle, as we explained, it
is not so likely to slip — besides the bal-
ance between the head and handle of
the hammer is about right.
It requires considerable skill to be-
come a good nail driver. Even the old
heads frequently have a little trouble in
keeping the nail in perfect control. In
Fig. 8 we are illustrating two problems
in driving nails. At A we have a nail
stuck ready for the first blow with the
hammer. The arrow at 1 shows that
the blow is not in perfect line with the
body of the nail and the result is shown
at B, where the dotted lines show the
original position of the nail, and the
nail, shaded, indicates that the first
blow drove it a little in and to one
side. The arrow at 2 shows the direc-
tion of the second blow, which is to
bring the nail to the position shown at
C. The arrow at 3 shows the direction
of the blows with the hammer that will
drive the nail home, dotted circle num-
ber 4. At D we show a little different
Fig. 6
problem. Here the nail was stuck lean-
ing to the right. The first blow was
slanted, as indicated by the arrow, in
order to bring the nail head from 1 to
2, shown by dotted lines. Blow by blow
the nail was driven from 2 to 3 and on
home to 4. There are innumerable little
problems that must be solved on the
Fig. 7
spot by the nailer, each a little different
from the other, but all somewhat simi-
lar to the two we have just explained.
All of these little problems the expert
THE CARPENTER
29
nail driver will solve by the controlled
swings of his hammer as he drives the
nails.
At Fig. 9. A, we show the thing
that seldom happens — a nail faultlessly
driven home from the position shown.
That is, the nail is stuck as shown, and
then driven home perfectly, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5. We repeat, that seldom happens.
What does happen, is that the nail
driver habitually keeps the nail in con-
trol with the swing of his hammer,
while the casual observer thinks that
all he does is to hit the nail. At B
Fig. 8
and C we show what often happens
when the nailer doesn't do anything
but hit at the nail. The stuck nail is
shown by dotted lines, and the arrow
above shows that the blow was deliv-
ered straight at the head, number 1.
But the strike lacked control and put
the nail into position 2. Still the nailer
kept on hitting at the nail, as shown
by the arrow, and the result is shown
at C, where the head of the nail, num-
ber 3, is driven against the wood. At
D we show another result of uncon-
Fig. 9
trolled striking with a hammer. The
arrows at 1, 2 and 3 show that the
blows came at the head of the nail,
but the third blow brought the nail
H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS
Siegele's BUILDING TRADES DICTION-
ARY is now off the press. This book has
380 pages, 670 illustrations, and covers
around 7,000 building trade terms. Every
carpenter should have this dictionary in his
home, and every library should have it on
its shelves. Price $3.00.
CARPENTRY.— 300 pages and 750 must.. $2.50.
BUILDING.— 210 pages and 495 illust.. $2.50.
QUICK CONSTRUCTION— 252 pages. 670 ill. $2.50.
PUSHING BUTTONS.— A story— Illustrated. $1.00.
TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry, cloth bound. $1.00.
Poitage prepaid when money aceompanlai the order.
today.
H. H. SIEGELE 22^;
id, Kan:as
FREE — With 2 books. Pushing Buttons free; with 3
books, Twigs of Thought and Pushing Buttons free —
books autographed. Make that Christmas gift a book.
flat against the wood. These illustra-
tions are not based on something that
we have seen in a book, but they are
samples of our own experience in un-
controlled nailing. On that heavy tim-
ber barn in Iowa, where much of the
nailing was into tough white oak, we
did enough of this kind of nailing to
last for a lifetime.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegela
e
Wants to Know
A brother wants to know how to
frame gable-shaped louver frames.
The problem is the same as a roof
framing problem. Let us say that we
Fig. 1
are framing a third pitch dormer roof
against a main roof. This would have
two valleys. Fig. 1, upper drawing, is
a diagram of such a dormer gable. The
square is shown applied so that the
figures will intersect with the lower
edge of the rafter, as it would have to
in a louver frame. The figures to use on
the square are 12 and 8, or the run and
the rise. If the square is applied to the
rafter as shown, the part of the groove
30
THE CARPENTER
Each month, more SpeedWay
Drills come off the produc-
tion line; are being shipped
each day. But, frankly, though
we are beginning to cut into our
mountainous pile of back orders,
there's a deal of waiting still
for a lot of people who are
ordering SpeedWay Tools today.
However, because they are
worth waiting for, we suggest
that you place your order now
kwith your local SpeedWay deal-
er for earliest possible delivery.
SPEEDWAY MFG. CO.
1838 S. 52nd Ave. Chicago 50, III.
No. 89. equipped
with Snap- Release
Chuck
No. 89 -J with
Jacob chuck (as
illustrated) $5.00
extra.
LABEL of United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America
This label stands for a wage commensurate
with the labor performed, for superior workman-
ship, the mechanical training and education of
the apprentice and fair working condiiions.
Be sure to see that it appears on all store
and bar fixtures, trim, cigar boxes and beer
bottle cases and on all wood products.
— ORGANIZE —
marked A and B, bottom drawing, can
be marked with the blade of the square.
The bevel marked C of the louver, can
be marked with the same figures; the
blade gives the cut. These are all edge
bevels. To make the edge bevel come
out right, the louver board will have to
be bevelled on the front edge first.
How to mark the board for the front
bevel, is shown by Fig. 2, where an
end view of the louver board is given
full size, and the square at a smaller
scale is shown applied for marking the
bevel. Here again, 12 and 8 are the
figures to be used, the tongue of the
square gives the cut. Fig. 3 shows the
square applied to a board, using the
run, 12, and the length of the rafter
per foot run, 14%, plus. In the posi-
tion the square is shown, the tongue
will give the side bevel of the groove
that receives the louver boards, while
the blade will give the side bevel of
the ends of the louver boards. In roof
framing language, the blade of the
square gives the sheeting cut for a
third pitch roof, while the tongue will
give the edge bevel of the jack rafters.
The louver board will have to be sloped
y\
Fig. 3
to the pitch of the rafter boards of the
louver frame, otherwise it will be a
problem in uneven-pitch roof framing.
What is said here about a third pitch,
in principle will apply to any other
pitch.
It should be remembered that in deal-
ing with roof framing problems, much
reading between the lines must be done,
in order to understand the solution; in
other words, the reader should be able
to visualize the various cuts in such
a manner that he will know in his own
mind when they are right, and also
when they are wrong.
(Copyrighted 1946)— H. H. Siegele
Drill pilot holes
with one hand and a
No. 41 Automatic Drill
A "Yankee" No. 41 drills pilot
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Write for "Yankee" Tool Book
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Philadelphia 33, Pa.
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Name
Address
City State
Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one business
man as reference. Men in service, also give home addreis.
Now you can make dowels that match
your wood! Amazing new SPEE- ■
DOWL makes perfect, burnished dow- §
els for arrows, cabinet work or other _
projects. Simply rotate 1
wood in lathe or drill 5
press and push on SPEE- I
DOWL like pencil shar- I
pener. Cast aluminum ■
body, tool steel blade. A I
necessity for finp J
Guide Finished craftsmanship. Avail- I
Holes Dowel able in 2, 3, 4, 5, ■
6. 7, and 8/16" sizes. |
Only $1 ! Send check or M. O. now for your SPEE- |
DOWL. Special — any 4 sizes $3; complete set of 7.
for $5. Unconditionally guaranteed. Free literature. I
Johns Mfg. Corp., Dept. M-3
501 Bound Brook Rd. Dunnellen, N. J.
■ J
Specializing In
The
MASTER CHAMPION
• Lawn Mower
Sharpening Machine
• Saw Sharpening
Machine
• Key Machine
Phone LUcas 6929
PRANK'S MANUFACTURING CO.
2501-3-5 E. Imperial Highway Los Angeles 2, Cal.
HOLES
with
One MallDrill handles all jour drilling
jobs. It has the speed and power to
drive all kinds of bits ... it is easy
to operate in close quarters . . . and it
can be serviced without dismantling.
These handy, all-purpose MallDrills are
available in H (two speeds), 5/16, %,
and 14" capacities for 110- volt AC-DC
or 220-volt AC-DC.
Ask your Dealer or write for literature and prices.
POWER TOOL DIVISION
MALL TOOL COMPANY
7751 South Chicago Ave., Chicago, 19, III.
25 years of "Belter Too/s For Better Work".
Important Mjg.
NOTICE!
At present we are unable to produce
Lee (Union-Made) Carpenters' Over-
alls because:
1.
We are unable to secure the
top quality, special woven ma-
terial that goes into every pair
of Lee Carpenters' Overalls.
O There are not enough skilled
operators available at present
to keep our five Lee factories
busy.
Lee Carpenters' Overalls will again be
available when we can obtain the
best quality material and when we
have sufficient skilled Union Opera-
tors to man the machines in the five
great Lee factories.
Lee is the Largest Manufacturer of
UNION-/AADE Work Clothing in the World
THE H. D. LEE CO.
Kansas City, Mo. Minneapolis, Minn.
Trenton, N. J. San Francisco, Cal.
South Bend, Ind. Salina, Kans.
B3B55/
MAKE A GOOD LIVING IN YOUR OWN
BUSINESS — sharpening saws with the
the Foley Automatic Saw Filer. It makes
old saws cut like new again. All hand saws,
also band saws and cross-cut circular
saws can be filed on this ONE machine.
THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF SAWS TO
BE FILED in your own neighborhood, used
by farmers, carpenters, homes, schools,
factories, etc. W. L. Tarrant writes : "I
left my old job last September and in 10
months have filed 2,159 saws. We have a
lovely business worked up and cannot
keep up with the work."
SEND FOR FREE PLAN
— Shows how to start
this steady cash busi-
ness. No experience
needed, no eyestrain,
no canvassing. Mail
coupon today.
F0LEY<£*&*^ SAW FILER I
fc FOLEY MFG. GO.M^U.fMn,^
k. Send Free Plan on Saw Filing business— no I'lJ ■%
s. obi i nation. ^^ J
k Name . ™
Address
^AAAAAAAAAAA+AAA++AAAAAAAAA±l
LEARN TO ESTIMATE
If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.
If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office.
By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $5.00,
and pay the balance of $25.00 at $5.00 per
month, making a total of $30.00 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.
Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.
TAMBLYN SYSTEM
Johnson Building C, Denver 2, Colorado
Gza0Mmff!m£
THE TOOt BOX Of THE WORLD
-[STANLEY}
The extreme simplic-
ity, accuracy and practi-
cally unbreakable malle-
able iron construction of
Mitre Box No. 2358 (28"
x 5" saw) accounts for its
preference among crafts-
men for clean, fast work
in the shop or out on the
job. See your hardware
dealer. Stanley Tools,
163 Elm Street, New
Britain, Connecticut.
HARDWARE- HAND TOOLS '• ELECTRIC TOOLS
AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides
[4voIs.*6
Inside Trade Information
for Carpenters. Builders. Join-
ers. Building Mechanics and
all Woodworkers. These
Guides give you the short-cut
instructions that you want—
including new methods, ideas
solutions, plans, systems ana
money saving suggestions. An
easy progressive course for the
apprentice and student. A
practical daily helper and
Quick Reference for tho master
worker. Carpenters every-
where are using these Guides
as a Helping Hand to Easier
Work. Better Work and Bet-
ter Pay. To get this aseist-
for yourself, simp!.
Inside Trade Information On:
ance for yourself, simply fill
In and mail the FREE COU-
PON below.
How to use the steel square — How to file and set
taws — How to build furniture — How to use a
mitre box — How to use the chalk line— How to use
rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpenters
arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems — -Es-
timating Btrength of timbers — How to set girders
and sills — How to frame houses and roofs — How to
estimate costs — How to build houses, barns, gar-
ages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw
plans — Drawing up specifications — How to ex-
cavate— How to use Bettings 12. 13 and 17 on the
ateel square — How to build hoists and scaffolds—
•kylights — How to build stairs — How to put on
interior trim — How to hang doors — How to lath-
lay floors — How to paint
THEO. AUDEL & CO., 49 W. 23rd St.. New York City
Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides. 4 vols., on 7 days' free trial. If O.K.
I will remit SI In 7 days, snd SI nv-nlhly UDlil S6 is paid. Otherwise 1 will return Ihem-
Ho obligation unlets I am satisfied.
Name
Addr.i
Oeeupetioa.
latereaea..
CAR
Paine Carboloy Tipped Drill Bits cut fast-
er— cleaner — and more economically than
ever before. They have an improved cut-
ting edge that lasts longer — will not frac-
ture the surface being drilled and is ex-
tremely quiet in operation. In addition, Paine
Drill Bits are now selling at substantially
reduced prices.
Ask your Supplier or write to
THE PAINE CO.
2967 Carroll Ave.,
Chicago 12, Illinois
PAIME
fastening nri/y/TC
and HANGING I/lYILlJ
door
operation
COPYRIGHT. 1946. OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION
Any "OVERHEAD DOOR"
may be manually or electri-
cally operated. Sold and
installed by Nation-Wide
Sales — Installation —
• Plants equipped with The "OVERHEAD DOOR"
with the Miracle Wedge are assured fast, con-
tinuous service at all times. Unvarying perform-
ance results from precision methods of manufac-
ture and the use of materials of highest quality.
The Miracle Wedge and efficient counterbalancing
insure instant, easy operation year in and year out.
With complete confidence in its dependability, archi-
tects and builders everywhere consistently specify
The "OVERHEAD DOOR" for residential, commercial,
and industrial use.
TRACKS AND HARDWARE OF SALT SPRAY STEEL
WITH THE
MIRACLE WEDGE
OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION - Hartford City, Indiana, U.S.A.
ill.
m
m
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