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FOUNDED 1881

Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

P.LW^RTiN

D D CALENDAR

FOR 1948 DD

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cOiS

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JAN

12 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

APR

12 3
8 9 10

JUL

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

OCT

4 5 6 7

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

10 11 12 13 14 15 16;

18 19 20 21 22 23 24

17 18 19 20 21 22 23|

FEB

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

MAY

25 26 27 28 29 30 -■

AUG

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

NOV

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

12 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

12 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14

"12 3 4 5 6
78 9 10 11 12 13

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

i 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

]21 22 23 24 25 26 27

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

29 30 31

28 29 30 -■ -

MAR

JUN

SEP

DEC

-- 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13

•--•12345
6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 10 11

12 3 4
8 9 10 11

5 6 7

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

20 2122 23 24 25 26

19 20 21 22 23 24 25

28 29 30 31

27 28 29 30

26 27 28 29 30 -- ■-

2627 28 29 3031 --

J A X U A R Y, 19 4 8

• * •

SOCIALISM OR THE REPUBLIC?

WHICH BEST SERVES THE NATION:

WHICH BEST SERVES THE CITIZEN:

IN THE

WORLD

THERE ARE:

BILLiCN
PEOPLE

4«^

^^ Mi'UON
SQ. MILES OF LAND

MILLION
PASSENGER AUTOS

jTjW^ WUJON
^^-^ _ BARRELS

OF OIL (Pniductd YtrortW

DAILY NEVrSPAPERS

MILLION
TELEPHONES

^ 605

^ BILLION
K.W. HOURS

ELECTRICITY (Y«giT)

UNITED

STATES

HAS:

6.1^0

6ro

ONE FOR

PBtSONS

SA.l^'c

t,763

ONE FOR

PSSONS

45^

RUSSIA
HAS:

gig

SIS

[BRITAIN

HAS

16ro

ONE FOR

1,671

PERSONS

lO.lro

ONE FOR

125

POISONS

2.1r«

.18ro

ONE FOR

PBtSONS

.03^0

121

OME FOR

PBtSONS

79<>

ONE FOR

PBtSONS

TO BUY
THE ESSENTIALS

I THE I THE

AVERAGE AVERAGE

AMERICAN RUSSIAN

WORKS WORKS

BEEF

(1 Pound]

BREAD

(1 Pound)

^5^ BUTTER

(1 Pound)

SUGAR

(1 Pound)

AAAN'S
SUIT

SHOES

VWOAAAN'S
COAT

MINUTES

MNUTES

AAINUTES

36f

HOURS

333

HOURS

112

HOURS

298

HOURS

1,250

HOURS

708

HOURS

1,083

HOURS

The figures for Great Britain do not
reflect the record of Its new Socialist Gov-
ernment since its record Is yet to be made.
Further, the chart cannot show the con-
trast between nations as to intangible
values such as free thought and action,
which permit creative and cultural pro-
gress, the choice of employment, free
press, free travel, etc., and the sum of
these in providing the invention and skills
to strengthen and defend the nation.

The distinction between "Ra-
tioned Prices" and Commercial
Prices" today in Russia Is com-
parable to that between wartime
"Ceiling Prices" and "Black Mar-
ket Prices" in the U. S. After ful-
filling his production quota, the
Russian farmer is allowed to sell
surpluses on the open market
above rationed prices. Clothing
(mostly used) also is sold in this
manner.

• * *

pa-?^"ararry^^ Ml, , ,,., ^1 I , ^ I) ,1 ,1, , . ^ „■.,—,-,-.„

»i

^JJ14^ ^^xxdMA44/je ^IcfotUuf, ^aiieite^

ingenious, efficient, time-tested!

The Upson Floating Fastener is another reason
for the continned and increasing acceptance of
Upson quality panels.

Applied direct to studs. Upson Floating
Fasteners anchor the panels securely from the
back. They ciimplelely eliminate ugly face nailing.

The Upson Floating Fastener speeds construc-
tion time. Saves precious hours usually spent
in countersinking and filling nail holes.

Carpenters everj'where endorse the Upson Float-
ing Fastener. You'll like it, too; write us for
information.

What corpenfers
say :

"I used the Upson
Fasteners to insure the
most attractive job pos-
sible because they
eliminate unsightly nail
marks and other sur-
face blemishes that no
painter can hide suc-
cessfully."

G. J. LeN'.

"Not a single mark can
be found on any of the
work to indicate wliere
it was fastened."
I. ,T.

THE UPSON COMPANY • Lockport, New York

THE^^^NTCR

A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.

FRANK DUFFY, Editor

Cai-penters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Established in 1881
Vol. LXVIII — No. 1

INDIANAPOLIS, JANUARY, 1948

One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy

— Con tents —

Where Your $450 Disappeared -

Through a realistic budget worked out by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, facts and
figures show that the cost of maintaining an average working man's family increased
by about $450 per year from March, 1946, to June, 1947.

Davie — NAM'S Mortimer Snerd

David Lawrence, joy and pride of the National Association of Manufacturers, creates
the impression that labor is almost exclusively to blame for the high cost of building
at present. Not knov/ing a purlin from a stringer, it is pretty clear to anyone connected
with the industry that he is indulging more in wishful thinking and less in factual data.

Termites At Work

Now that they have pretty much nullified the Wagner Act through passage of the
Taft-Hartley Act, the anti-!abor forces of the nation are mobilizing their forces for an
attack on the Wages and Hours Act. The forty-hour v/eek is their first objective, and
all the chiseling sweat-shop employers in the nation are backing them up.

OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Plane GossiiJ

Editorials

Official

In Meiiioi'iaiii

Correspondence

Craft Problems

8
16
19
33
33
27

Inde.\ to Avertisers

Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.

Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of

Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.

LEARN TO ESTIMATE

If you are ambitious to have your OMm busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.

If you are an experienced carpenter and
have bad a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office.

Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75
and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you excimine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.

Write your name tmd address clesu'Iy and
give your age, suid trade experience.

TAMBLYN SYSTEM

Johnson Building CIS, Denver 2, Colorado

SOLVE ROOF PROBLEMS INSTANTLY

IN TEN SECONDS!! All 11
lengths and cuts of rafters
for simple and hip roofs.
Just set dial to "pitch" &
"run," and the other fig-
ures show up in windows.
Unlike rafter tables, run is
"set directly in feet and in-
ches. There is no need to
adjust later for thickness
of ridge board. Cuts giv-
er\ in degrees and squcfre
readings.

RAFTER DIAL $1.95 Order from: E. Weyer, Dept. H,

P.O. Box 153, Planefarium Station, New York 24, N. Y.

H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS

BUILDING TRADES D ICTIONARY.— Has 3S0 p.
670 il., and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.

QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac-
tical building problems, has 252 p. and 670 il. $2.50.

ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Koof framing
complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.00.

BUILDING. — Has 210 p. and 495 11.. covering form
building, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.

CARPENTRY.— Has 302 p.. 754 11., covering general
house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.5n.

The above five boobs support one another.

TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.

PUSHING BUTTONS.— Illustrated prose. Only $1.00.

FREE.— With 2 books, one $1.00 book free, with
4 books, two, and with 5 books, three. Books auto-
evaphed.

C.O.D. orders will have postage added.

Order u U ClCr^CI IC 222 So. Const. St.
today. "• ri« alt\aCI_t Emporia, Kansas

MAKE $35

TO $50 A DAY

Be Your Own Boss

Right now — cash in on the building
boom with an American Floor Sander!
Hundreds of men have found they can
make $35 to $50 a day in floor surfac-
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inside work . . . heated quarters . . .no
scafiFolding to climb . . . steady income
year 'round.
'-'"* - / / American Sanders

are easy to operate
-no big overhead
: ^no special school-
"v ing. Sendcouponfor
^ money- making
booklet.

v,^^ ^=, -^ ._^ ->- . ^

MERICAN

FLOOR MACHINES

American Floor Surfacing Machine Co.
520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo 3, Ohio

Enclosed find 2 5c in stamps orcein for book-
let "Opportunities in Floor Surfacing", telling
how I can start my own floor sanding business.

Name

Street
Cit>...

.State.

STEEL SQUARE

HAND
BOOK

Completely Revised

This concise and liandy little book illustrates and describes the best methods of using
the carpenter's steel square in laying out all kinds of carpentry work. It is easy to
understanil as a picture of the square laying directly on the work shows exactly how the
various cuts are made. Its compact and handy size makes it convenient to carry in the
pocket for quick reference.

"For ready reference carry Postpaid Money back guarantee if not entirely satisfied
this convenient 50 page SEND $1.50 CHECK OR

pocket size (4ix6i) guide TiT/-wTVTT7,ir /-wT>-rwT-.T.

to your job." MONEY ORDER

I D. A. ROGERS

5344 Clinton Avenue
I Minneapolis 9, Minn.

I Name Address

Enclosed $1.50. Forward by return mail your Carpenters &
Builders' Practical Rules for Laying Out Work.

I Town.

— PRICK LIST —

Label and Emblem Novelties

Card Cases (Label) S .10

Key Chains (Label) 15

Fobs (Label and Emblem) 50

Gavels (Label) 1.25

Pins (Emblem) 1.00

Buttons (Emblem) 2.00

Ladies' Auxiliary Pins 1.75

Cuff Links, pair (Roman or White) Gold. 1.50

Belt Loop and Chain, Rolled Gold 75

Match Box Holders 15

Automobile Radiator Emblem 1.25

In ordering these goods send all orders and make all remittances paj/ahle to

FRANK DUFFY, General Secretary

Carpenters' Building

222 East Michigan St., Indianapolis, Ind.

FREE: Blue Print Plans and Booklet:
"How To Read Blue Prints"

Find out now — by this Free Trial Lesson — how easy
it is to learn the technical side of Building. No
charge for this lesson either now or later.

PREPARE TO GET AHEAD

As a carpenter or builder, with practical experience, you will be
able to progress rapidly, after you learn tliis "headwork" side of
Building. Successful builders — foremen, estimators, superin-
tendents, master builders and contractors — must understand blue
prints, building construction and estimating building costs.
Send today for Free Trial Lesson or Booklet: "How to Read
Blue Prints" and a set of Blue Print Plans. See for yourself how
easy it is for a practical man to get ahead by the time-saving,
low cost C.T.C. methods.

Chicago Technical College

A-120 Tech BIdg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.,

Chicago 16, III.

Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to I
Read Blue Prints" and information about how I can train

LEARN AT HOME
in YOUR SPARE TIME

Learn how to lay out and run a building job,
how to read blue prints, how to understand
specifications, how to estimate costs. .Tust
use the blue prints, specifications and
easy lessons we furnish — same as the
contractor uses. Pits in with your
daily experience. This practical plan is
the result of 4.3 years of experience in
training practical builders.

ai nome.

.NTame

Address

(Mty

Zone__

Age

- Occupation

-. State

cHieAGa

TEC H N 1 C A L C O L L E G E

tech Building, 2000 South Michigan Ave.
Chicagoie, iliinols A.

Where Your $450 Disappeared

• •

IF YOU have four people in your family and you live on a scale that
is average for a worker's family, the annual cost of maintaining your
little brood jumped something like $450 from March, 1946, to June
1947, according to a comprehensive report recently released by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics, a sub-division of the Department of Labor. For
example, if you live in the city of AVashington, D. C, the budget that
would have cost 3'ou $2,985 at the prices prevailing in March, 1946, would
have nicked your bankroll for $3,458 at June, 1947, prices.

The budget worked out by the Bureau in its new report is a compara-
tively realistic one. It is 1:)ased on the actual spending habits of workers'
families; which means that it cov- .

ers the items which working people
usually buy. Smoked turkey, shad
roe, and a host of other luxury items
that appeared in former budgets are
left out. Bread and milk and pea-

tempt to describe the measure of
a modest but adequate American
standard of living."

That the budg-et is not a luxury

nut butter and stew meat and the one is amply attested to by allow-
things working people really eat ances made for many items. For ex-
ample, the wife is allowed but one
small lipstick per year. Beer con-
sumption is limited to a few bottles
a month. The tobacco part of the
budget is held to fifteen packs of
cigarettes a month plus a few tins
of smoking tobacco and about a
cigar every two weeks for the man
of the house. Even the food budget
is modest. About this part of the
report, Mr. Ewan Clague, Commis-
sioner of Labor Statistics savs :

are the ones covered. Clothing
items and household necessities are
treated in a similarly realistic man-
ner.

In undertaking its survey, the
Bureau first had to determine what
constituted an average w o r k i n g
man's family. After some study,
the Bureau decided that a four-
member family with the father as
the sole wage earner constituted the
most satisfactory unit for its re-
search purposes. In its own words:
"The budget was designed to repre-
sent the estimated dollar costs re-
quired to maintain this family at a
level of adequate living — to satisfy
prevailing standards of what is nec-
essary for health, efficiency, the nur-
ture of children and for participa-
tion in community activities. This

"You will realize that this is. in
fact, a fairly modest food budget,
when I tell you that it provides for
six loa\'es of bread a week for the
family, twelve quarts of milk, or
about three per person per week,
about twenty eggs a week, and about
a pound and a half of butter or mar-
gerine. These quantities are below
is not a 'subsistence' budget, nor is the average per capita consunijition
it a 'luxury' budget; it is an at- for the United States as a Avhole.

THE CARPENTER

"When it comes to meat, these
families can buy about nine pounds
of all kinds of meat per week, or a
little over two pounds per person.
This is about two-thirds of the aver-
age per capita consumption of meat
in the United States in 1946,
which was 185 pounds. About three-

ty-three pounds a year are provided.
This means that there is just about
enough for a turkey or some good
cut of meat for Thanksgiving,
Christmas, and New Years Day."

Clothing items in the budget are
equally stringent. About this part
of the budget, Mr. Clague says:

CITY AVORKER'S FAAULY BUDGET

City and State

June

1947

March

1946

Total Cost

Estimated

Total Cost

Estimated

of Goods

Total Co.st

of Goods

Total Cost

& Services

of Budget

& Services

of Budget

$3111

$3458

$2718

$2985

3054

3388

2660

2913

3019

3347

2583

2820

2988

3317

2575

2811

2981

3310

2598

2842

2974

3293

2578

2813

2973

3291

2535

2761

2965

3282

2550

2779

2965

3282

2561

2793

2964

3317

2582

2853

2944

3260

2565

2797

2928

3247

2580

2824

2925

3276

2557

2826

2919

3241

2563

2804

2912

3220

2524

2750

2910

3251

2512

2766

2904

3251

2521

2781

2904

3223

2542

2776

2897

3200

2495

2712

2894

3200

2511

2735

2870

3168

2494

2711

2867

3203

2442

2681

2866

3163

2422

2623

2855

3150

2502

2721

2854

3161

2521

2748

2853

3150

2475

2691

2844

3136

2415

2615

2843

3135

2466

2677

2837

3132

2481

2700

2830

3119

2467

2678

2790

3098

2440

2667

2746

3020

2345

2532

2739

3010

2405

2603

2734

3004

2381

2573

Washington, D. C._.

Seattle, Wash.

New York, N. Y

Milwaukee, Wise. _.

Boston, Mass.

Detroit, Mich

Pittsburgh, Pa.

Minneapolis, Minn. .

Chicago, 111.

San Francisco, Calif..

Baltimore, Md.

St. Louis, Mo

Mobile, Ala.

Norfolk, Va.

Memphis, Tenn. —
Los Angeles, Calif. _.
Birmingham, Ala. _.

Richmond, Va.

Cleveland, Ohio

Portland, Me.

Denver, Colo.

Philadelphia, Pa. _.

Scranton, Pa.

Savannah, Ga.

Portland, Ore.

Atlanta, Ga.

Buffalo, N. Y

Jacksonville, Fla. _.
Manchester, N. H. _.

Cincinnati, Ohio

Indianapolis, Ind. _.

Houston, Texas

Kansas City, Mo

New Orleans, La

fifths of the budget for meats is
made up of what is ordinarily fair-
ly low-cost meat — stews, hamburger,
frankfurters, and fish, for example.
About one-fourth of the meat allow-
ance provides for roast, round steak
or pork chops, wdiich might be
classed as medium-priced meats.
When it comes to steak and other
typically high-cost meats, only thir-

"These dollar amounts do not
provide very large clothing replace-
ments in a year. The husband, for
example, has a new overcoat once
every seven years. The wife can
buy two housedresses each year —
one for summer and one for winter
— but her coat must last her four
years. Clothes for the children are
to some extent hand-me-downs. In

THE CARPENTER

the case of shoes, it is necessary to
buy three pairs a year for the boy
and four pairs for the .girl, but these
are necessary because the rapid
growth of children at this ag"e Cboy,
13; girl, 8) soon makes a pair of
shoes too small, even if it has not
entirely worn out."

In spite of the modestness of the
budget, such a budget at June. 1947,
prices required an income of $3,004
per year in New Orleans, the lowest
cost of the thirty-four cities sur-
veyed, in order that a family of four
might break even. In Seattle, the
second highest cost city, the figure
was $3,388. How much price in-
creases since June have raised these
figures can only be estimated.
^M^olesale prices advanced around
six per cent during the last half of
last year. As a rough guess, there-
fore, the budget at today's prices

would run at least five per cent
higher.

The Bureau of Habor Statistics
intends to keep the budget abreast
of conditions as they change. It
also intends to work out the budget
for families of different sizes, if
Congress does not further curtail
Department of Labor appropria-
tions. Last year Congress dealt the
Department a severe blow by lop-
ping millions from the Depart-
ment's budget.

The preceding table shows what
happened to living costs in the thir-
ty-four cities surveyed by the Bu-
reau of Labor Statistics in compil-
ing its report. It should be borne
in mind, of course, that this budget
is not a luxury one in any sense of
the word, but rather a minimum
one commensurate with accepted
American living standards.

Willamette D. C. Rapidly Going Full-Beneficial

Brotherhood lumber workers in the Willamette A'alle\', one of the
nation's major lumber producing areas, are rapidly assuming full-bene-
ficial status in the Brotherhood. At a meeting of the Willamette \'alley
District Council of Lumber and Sawmill Workers, held in Eugene, Ore-
gon, on November 8th and 9th. the delegates present adopted a motion
recommending that all affiliated Local Unions immediately apply to the
General Office for full-beneficial status. Since that time some nineteen
Locals have voted to comply with the recommendation. Other Locals
have the matter under advisement and are expected to take similar action
in the near future. Consequenth- the day when all lumber workers in the
\'"alley will be in the full-beneficial classification is rapidly approaching.

In addition to applying for full-beneficial status, a number of ^^'illa-
mette Valley Locals have also applied for affiliation with the Oregon State
Council of Carpenters, a move which they expect to be mutually advan-
tageous.

Some fort3-odd Local Unions are affiliated with the \\'illamette Valley
District Council. Total membership exceeds 7.500. Within the last ten
years the \\'illamette A'alley Council and affiliates have been instrumental
in tripling wage rates within their jurisdiction. In addition, working condi-
tions have been improved greatly and many new benefits, such as annual
vacations with pay, have been introduced into the industry.

SIP

TBDERES AI.WA\^ EXGLAXT)

For all its woes, England still seems
to keep the ship of state on an even
keel. The spouters and spielers who
long since made Hyde park famous are
still orating ftom their soap boxes. An
American recently brought back the
following story:

Walking in the park one day, he came
to a throng gathered around a fire-
eating orator. The speaker blamed
ererything on the ruling classes. "The
House of Commons should be burned,"
he screamed. "Buckingham Palace ought
to be burned." Nearby a policeman
stood by unconcernedly. Approaching
the policeman, the American asked:

"Do you hear what he is saying?"

"Sure," said the policeman.

"Aren't you going to break it up?"

"Xo."

"But I want to get past."

"That's different," said the Bobby.
Turning to the crowd he shouted: "All
right, break it up, now. All them as
wants to bum the "ouse of Commons
step to the left. Them as wants to burn
Buckingham Palace, step to the right."

With a good-natured smile the crowd
dispersed.

Ju^t because you cirry ike mail ali
day like that i« no reason —

SURE FFRE

Today sixty million Americans are
working in the mines, mills and factor-
ies. They are producing . much, much
more than they eTer produced before.
This has been going on for two years.
Still prices stay as high as erer. When
OPA was killed the industrialists told
us production would solve all our prob-
lems. Month by month production has
climbed but so have prices. Now the
head of General Motors wants us to
dump the forty-hour w^eek. According
to him this will increase production,
and production will solve our problems.

The attitude of today's industrialists
sort of reminds us of the fellow who
was proposing to his girl.

"Refuse me," he panted, "and I will
die."

She refused him and sixty- seven years
later sure enough he died.

SAMM OLiD BL.AKXET

Although 1948 is still in its infancy,
many of the politicians and Brass Hats
who worked tooth and toenail against
organized labor in the last session of
Congress are now beginning to gush all
over the place about how much they
love labor. The closer it comes to
election day, the harder they will work
at being "friends" of the working man.
Then, once election day is over and
they are once more in the saddle, they
will go right back to promoting all
kinds of anti-union legislation — ^always
pointing out that it is "for labor's own
good."

Most of their malar key is about as
sincere as the clerk who w^orked behind
the cosmetic counter. One day a very
faded spinster walked up to the counter.
"BLave you any cream for restoring
the complexion?" she asked.

"Restoring, miss? Surely you mean
preserving," said the clerk.

And the old maid bought ten dollars
w^orth. However, we doubt if labor is
going to be quite so gullible.

THE C A 11 !• E N T E K

NO BI^ESSING

Overruled by the NLRB on his deci-
sion that all AFL officers would have
to sign anti-Communist affidavits be-
fore any affiliated union would be eli-
gible to appeal to the Board, General
Counsel Denham has changed his mind
on the matter and is now going along
with the Board in the matter. If he
thinks he has thereby won the blessings
of organized labor, we want to repeat
an old story Thackeray, the famous man
of letters, used to tell on himself.

Passing an old Irish beggar woman
one day, she happened to notice him
putting his hand in his pocket. Expect-
ing a coin, she murmured, "May the
blessing of God follow you." But when
she. noticed all he pulled out was a can
of snuff, she hastily added, "And may
it never overtake you."

AIN'T SEEN NOTHING YET

As this is being written, relations
between Russia and the democratic
part of the world are getting no better.
The Reds are still opposing every con-
structive idea put forth by countries
interested in nothing save permanent
peace and prosperity for all. Recently
Vishinsky, Soviet representative, lam-
basted everybody — including the Pope
— as a war-monger. He was mad at
everybody and everything. So far the
United States has remained patient and
forebearing, but there is a limit to
everything. To show Vishinsky what
can happen, we herewith reprint the
story of the pullman porter.

A traveler approached the porter
early one evening and said: "I am get-
ting off at Buffalo. The train gets
there at four a.m. I am aAvfully hard
to waken at that hour. Here is ten
dollars to get me off eA'^en if you have
to carry me to the station."

The porter promised to get the man
off. However when the traveler awoke
next morning he found himself in New
York. He cursed the porter, the rail-
road and everything in general. When
he finally left, the conductor said to
the porter: "I believe that is about the
maddest man I ever saw."

"Yes, sir, Boss, he sure is mad," re-
plied the porter, "but I don't think he is
nearly as mad as that guy I carried off
the train at Buffalo."

ALREADY GONE BY

We see that the National Association
of Manufacturers is still predicting that
prices will be coming' down after
awhile.

Like the little boy who asked his
mother when his daddy wotild be home,
we would like to know, when is after
awhile? And there is no use telling us
it is pretty soon because that is already

^^'^- • • •

EVERYWHERE PROFITEERS

As the little man crept into the movie
theatre and took his seat in the last row
it was obvious from his doleful expres-
sion that he had much on his mind
and was sadly in need of recreation.

On the screen an old-fashioned melo-
drama unfolded, a production doubt-
less made long ago and now "reissued."
Came the scene where the heroine, Itxred
all unsuspecting to the villain's lair,
suddenly realized with horror that his
intentions were anything but honorable.
Providentially she discovered the handy
carving-knife.

"Stand back, yoti unspeakable cad,"
she cried, brandishing the weapon. "I
may be only a poor, weak, friendless
woman — but, by HeaA'^en, I shall sell
my honor dearly!"

"Profiteers," shouted the troubled
little man. "Everywhere you go, it's
high prices."

And with that he bolted out of the
theatre and disappeared into the night.

^fy Secretary ii^ jii.st uotuhrfiil at
finding a inisfiled letter.

Davie— NAM'S Mortimer Snerd

OF ALL the columunists who for one reason or another find it
profitable to excoriate organized labor day after day, David Law-
rence, joy and pride of the National Association of Manufacturers,
is the most vicious. He is the most vicious because he resorts most often to
persiflage, half-truths and subtle innuendo. Lack of factual data never
seems to worry I\Ir. Lawrence when he takes it into his head to belabor
unions and union members for any of our numerous economic ills. At
the drop of a hat he can lay the blame for anything from the high rate of
juvenile delinquency to the decline in game fish in the upper Mississippi at
the doorstep of organized labor. Sometimes he almost busts an adverb
doing it, but he gets it done.

Take for example his column of
November 25th. In that piece of
misinformation, he neatly creates
the impression that labor is almost
exclusively to blame for the high
cost of building at present. He
probably does not know a purlin
from a stringer, but still he can tell
you anything and everything about
building. That is exactly what he
does in his November 25th column.

He starts out by saying '"a na-
tional survey of about sixty cities"
proves that low labor productivity,
coupled with high wages, is respon-
sible for today's stratospheric build-
ing costs. A\^ho made the survey,
what questions were asked, and
who asked the questions he does not
reveal. But still he goes on quoting
a number of figures as though they
were taken from the Good Book
itself. Using the same technique,
we might well say that a "national
survey" shows that forty per cent
of all columnists are drunkards,
twenty-two per cent beat their
wives, and seventy-two per cent
have B. O. Nobody could check up
on us or dispute us any more than

we can dispute Lawrence's phoney
"survey."

However, taking Lawrence at his
word let us examine his column. If
high building costs are exclusively
labor's fault, how does he account
for the fact that the house that cost
$4,500 to build twenty years ago is
now selling for $10,000? When it
was built two decades ago the house
probably had about $1,500 dollars
worth of direct labor in it. yet today
it is on the market for $10,000. To
let Mr. Lawrence in on a secret, it
was just plain, common greed that
drove the price from $4. 500 to
$10,000.

The same forces of greed that
practically tripled the price of an
old house are at work today on new
construction. And they are doing
the same thing to new house prices
that they did to old house prices.
To begin with, it is necessary to
have a lot on which to place a house.
The lot that sold for $500 six years
ago is now on the market for $1,500.
The lumber that sold for eighty dol-
lars per thousand is now bringing

Tiri-: CAKPEXTER

twice that much. Most other build-
ing- materials are also far out of
line. Does Mr. Lawrence take cog-
nizance of these items? Heck no!
He has his "survey" showing it is
all labor's fault.

And just to bring Mr. Lawrence
up to date, we want to refer him
to the testimony a large contractor
recently presented at a House hear-
ing.

The head of a big construction
company (name on request) which
has erected hundreds of homes for
veterans on Long Island, told a
congressional committee headed by
Representative Ralph W. Gwinn
that practices in the distribution of
building materials are adding as
much as Tf^Vs per cent to the price
of homes.

He declared that a $7,500 house
could be sold for $5,000 if it were
not necessary to pay profits running
over 50 per cent to middlemen, who
frequently never even see the mate-
rial.

When he said that $2,500 could
be knocked off the price by elimi-
nating the "gravy" of dealers, dis-
tributors and wholesalers, he knew
what he was talking- about — because,
to protect himself, he has secured
control of two supply houses.

"It's a shame and a disgrace," he
declared, adding that some practices
of the unions are unreasonable, but
that it is grossly unfair to blame
the workers when middlemen are
principally responsible.

Maybe it is just prejudice on
our part but we are more inclined
to take the word of the contractor
who builds and has built thousands
of houses than the word of Mr.
Lawrence who would not know a
butt miter from a hopper joint, even
if he had a "survey" to fall back on.
We are not disputing the fact that

building costs are high; but we do
resent the implication that labor is
mainly to blame inasmuch as land
and building materials and fixtures
have climbed three and four times
as fast as wages.

On the whole question of labor
productivity in the building trades,
Dick Gray, president of the Build-
ing and Construction Trades De-
partment, in a recent speech before
the Construction Advisory Council
of the Chamber of Commerce of the
United States, stated labor's case
clearly and concisely as possible.
In part. Brother Gray said:

"Any objective student of the
building and construction industry's
record will agree that productivity
is not a measure of the performance
of the workers alone. It is deter-
mined by a combination of factors,
including the quality of manage-
ment responsible for the work, the
supply of materials, the change in
methods, the form of contract, and
the efificiency of labor. Even when
the measure itself ma}- be in terms
of the output per man per hour,
that measure reflects the combina-
tion of all the factors in construc-
tion and it not limited solely to the
performance of the workers.

"It should also be recognized
that there is no comprehensive fac-
tual information providing a direct
measure of productivity in construc-
tion. There is, however, a set of re-
liable indirect measurements of pro-
ductivity based on the construction
estimates of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics and other sources.

"Broadly speaking, the review of
the record of recent years leads to
the following general conclusions:

"First, during the years of recov-
ery from the depression, 1933-39,
productivity was steadily rising
with a high record of output

THE C A K P E X T E II

achieved on practically every type
of construction.

"Second, during the war period
of 1940-45 productivity was in gen-
eral at a low level. This was due to
a number of causes. Chief among
them was the fee-contracting sys-
tem. Contract fees based on cost
proved to be an incentive for high
cost contracts. Payment of fees
based on the percentage of the cost
further enhanced the incentive for
inefficiency. Alaterial shortages and
transportation difficulties also con-
tributed to the lower rate of out-
put. Efficiency of the workers also
dropped. Selective Service resulted
in the withdrawal of younger men
from the construction labor force.

"Third, during the period extend-
ing from the end of the war to the
Spring of 1947 productivity re-
mained at a low ebb. Two major
causes were responsible for this.
Most important of all was the con-
tinuing lack of essential building
materials and delays in the supply
of these materials to the site. Much
of the work was greatly protracted
by these delays and shortages. Also
important w^as the fact that the war-
time methods of contracting were
often carried over into post-war pri-
vate building. The cost-plus-per-
centage fee system was by no means
uncommon in commercial as well
as housing construction. It was also
a period of readjustment in the in-
dustry's labor force. Black market
wages offered in some areas, far in
excess of the union wage standards,
helped to demoralize the labor
market.

"Fourth, with the beginning of
the new construction season in
April of this year, a marked im-
provement in productivity can be
noted. To be sure, many problems
of readjustment evident in the pre-
ceding two vears are still with us.

But the available facts indicate that
there has been a health}- increase in
productivity.

"Let us consider these fact.-. The
Bureau of Labor Statistics and the
Department of Commerce prepare a
joint estimate each month of the
value of work performed in each
principal type of construction. The
value of work performed for all
types of building construction was
estimated at $603 million for April
of last year. For September this
rose to S814 million, an increase of
35 per cent. These figures, deflated
to 1939 building prices to provide a
correction for price changes from
Spring to Fall, show an increase
of 27-I per cent from April to Sep-
tember in the actual physical work
performed.

"In the light of this it is signifi-
cant that the increase in average
hours worked in the building and
construction industry and total em-
ployment in the contract construc-
tion was much smaller. Average
hours worked per week in private
contract building construction rose
from April to September 1947 less
than 2j per cent. According to the
BLS, total employment in the
contract construction industry in-
creased from 1,685,000 in April to
1,900,000 in September, a rise of
only about I2f per cent. Taken to-
gether these figures indicate an in-
crease in manhours worked of 15-5
per cent in contrast with the in-
crease in the physical work per-
formed of 2/i per cent. This fact,
that by using only 15^ per cent
more man hours of labor from April
to September the industry was able
to increase the physical volume of
construction by 2y^ per cent, pro-
vides conclusive evidence that pro-
ductivity in the building and con-
struction industry as a whole is
sharply on the increase."

At Work

* *

NEXT to the Wagner Act, the Wag^es and Hours Act has been the
object of the most intensified attack by vested interests of any
labor law designed to protect employes, and in the Soth Con-
gress its enemies have made more headway toward its destruction than in
any earlier session. This is at the time when profits are at an all-time high
and business can easily afford the overtime beyond 40 hours, and when
the 40-cent minimum wage is virtually meaningless, except for a few
sweatshop-standard industries.

Following up the amendments of the last session which, under the
guise of outlawing "portal-to-portal" pay suits, actually struck a body
blow at the enforcement of the basic wage-hour law, a subcommittee of the
House Labor Committee has renewed the offensive in recent weeks.

This committee, virtually all of

whose members are avowed foes
of the act and a few of whom are
outspoken enough to admit that
they wish its complete repeal, has
been hearing a parade of witnesses
from the chiseling followers of
business who want a return of
sweatshop standards.

True, there has been a hand-
ful of witnesses from labor who
were graciously allowed to appear
only to be given a going over treat-
ment by the committee's eminent
counsel, Irving McCann, the man
who slugged Joseph Padway, late
counsel of the AFL. Yes, McCann
is still on the committee staff.

The pattern of testimony of the
business interests is clear, although
they vary somewhat in their frank-
ness and in their individual ap-
proach. Only a few are blunt
enough to demand outright repeal
of this law which sets a minimum
wage standard of 40 cents an hour
and a weekly hours maximum of 40
hours before overtime. The net ef-
fect, however, of the proposed

amendment by the various spokes-
men is to wreck the wage and hour
protections of the law.

Major onslaught of the business
interests, with the coal industry
prominently represented, is against
the overtime provisions of the law.
There are several tricky schemes to
limit overtime, among them one by
the coal spokesmen which, after
raising the present minimum wage
from 40 to 64 cents, would then fix
all overtime at time and a half
based on the 64-cent figure instead
of the actual rate of pay. In other
words, it is proposed that workers'
overtime be no more than 96 cents
an hour.

It was further proposed by James
Haley, representing the National
Coal Association, that the law be
amended to exempt workers who
are covered by collective bargain-
ing contracts. This would let or-
ganized workers continue to draw
whatever overtime their contracts
specified so long as the contracts
are in eft'ect.

THE CARPEXTER

However, since under Haley's
other amendment overtime paid un-
org-anized workers would be limit-
ed to time and a half the new sug-
gested minimum of 64 cents, instead
of the traditional custom of basing
overtime on the actual pay rate, the
exemption proposal would offer an
opening wedge for destruction of
overtime standards. It would mean,
for instance, that contracts could be
signed permitting a lower rate of
overtime than the laAv now requires.

Newly organized groups of work-
ers would find it more difficult to
negotiate the now standard over-
time clause sinc€ the law would per-
mit a lower standard. Even those
workers who now have proper over-
time in their contracts would be at
the mercy of the lower rate when
their contracts expire. In other
words, this is a subtle indirect at-
tack on the overtime section of the
law.

Another neat little trick which the
committee has under serious con-
sideration calls for limiting the cov-
erage of the law so as to eliminate
as many millions of workers as pos-
sible. This attempt to reduce the
coverage is made in the face of the
fact that the law now covers only
about 40 per cent of the nation's
w^orkers. Outside the law are many
big food processing plants, con-
struction firms, retail shops, service
establishments, seamen, fisheries,
and many other borderline outfits
that claim exemption on the grounds
of not being engaged in interstate
commerce.

The committee is also toying with
the idea of making enforcement
more difficult b}^ limiting the time
within which cases must be filed,
by placing restraints on the author-
ity of inspectors who check factory
payrolls, by restricting the rights

of workers to sue for back pay, and
in other ways. It is, in fact,
ver}' plain that what the committee
would do to the AVages and Hours
Act is a parallel to what the 8oth
Congress did to the Wagner Act
when it passed the NAM-Taft-Hart-
ley Act.

Then, after committing this may-
hem on one of the three basic acts
of the federal labor code (the emas-
culated Wagner Act and the Norris-
La Guardia Anti-Injunction Act be-
ing the other two), the committee
is toying with the idea of raising
the minimum wage to 65 cents an
hour. This is the political sop it
would throw to organized labor at a
time when a 65-minimum is mean-
ingless for workers in major indus-
tries.

Intent of the saboteurs of the
AVages and Hours Act is to limit
the overtime, or eliminate it alto-
gether if possible, so as to enable
chiseling employers to work their
present crews whatever hours they
wish without penalty. It would be
once again the old story of some
workers sta3^ing on the job 50, 60
and 70 hours a week while millions
of others walked the streets in
search of jobs.

Thus, by permitting unlimited
overtime without extra cost to em-
ployers, the suggested amendments
would actually create unemploy-
ment where none now exists. This
would put pressure on wage stand-
ards and weaken labor's bargaining
power — the real object of 'the foes
of the AA'ages and Hours Act.

Attitude of the committee was
clearly reflected in its sympathetic
comment on testimony of anti-labor
witnesses, while it hurled a barrage
of critical questions at union
witnesses. Incidentally, committee
members were supplied with ques-

THE C A R P K X T E K

tions written out in advance (evi-
dently by Counsel McCann) so they
would not be at a loss when grill-
ing the union spokesmen.

One witness who delighted the
committee was Prof. Paul H. Ny-
strom, Columbia University and
president of the Limited Price Va-
riety Stores Association, who asked
outright repeal of the law. He
stated flatly that he was against
raising minimum wages because it
might tend to force wages upward
in the levels above the lowest.- He
also attacked the 40-hour week as
"sheer waste of human resources"
although recent official studies show
that production lags when hours are
lengthened.

Members of the subcommittee
beamed on Nystrom. Rep. Wint
Smith (R. Kans.) said his statement
had repaid the burden of Smith's
coming 1,700 miles back to Wash-
ington for the hearings, and that he
agreed with Nystrom's recommen-
dations for outright repeal. An-
other who said he "enjoyed" Ny-
strom's views was Rep. O. C. Fisher
(D., Tex.).

Exemption in whole or in part
from the law was also sought by
spokesmen of the newspapers, lum-
ber, telephone, telegraph, retail coal
dealers, sand and gravel, trucking,
milk handlers, shipping interests,
paper and pulpwood firms, farm
equipment dealers, and many simi-
lar lines of business. In addition,
the committee lent eager ears to
pleas from "borderline" industries,
where coverage of the law is in dis-
pute, for clarification to let them
out from under. The various busi-
ness interests were backed by an
overall statement from the U. S.
Chamber of Commerce.

A\'hen labor witnesses finally got
their da^' in court thev tore into

shreds the arguments of the s])ecial
interests that want a return^ to
sweatshop wage and hour standards
and strongly proposed enlarging
the scope of the act and increasing
the minimum wage to 75 cents on
the ground that the present 40-cent
figure has been completely outmod-
ed by the rising cost of living. It
was pointed out to the committee
that it would take at least 75 cents
now to keep the same standard as
40 cents meant when it first came
into effect.

Presenting the detailed economic
case for immediate upward revision
of the minimum to 75 cents an hour,
Secretary of Labor Schwellenbach
described the 40-cent rate as "clear-
ly obsolete" and said upward revi-
sion is now necessary merely to
keep pace with the general advances
in wages and living costs since 1938
when the law was enacted.

Citing the rise in living costs as
justification for the proposed in-
crease in the minimum, Schwellen-
bach said the index figure has risen
65 per cent since 1939 and for food
100 per cent. For families at the
lower end of the wage scale, which
this law is intended to protect, he
added, living costs have risen even
higher because they spend propor-
tionately more on food and vital
necessities.

"The economy of our country can
absorb with ease an increased wage
bill of the size which would be
occasioned by a 75-cent minimum,"
Schwellenbach declared. "W'e are
now working at a rate which would
produce an annual income of ap-
proximately 200 billion dollars. The
increase in wages resulting from the
new minimum level would represent
only one per cent of the Nation's
waere bill."

Editorial

Let the Left Hand Know
Anyone having a sense of humor that runs toward the grisl}' probably
is getting man}^ good laughs out of the shadow-boxing efforts being made
in \\'ashington to combat inflation. Both the President and the Republican

Congressmen in the closing da3's of the last session advanced bills suppos-
edly aimed at stopping inflation. These contained lots of fancy words and
made fine reading but insofar as combatting inflation was concerned they
were hardly worth the paper thej' were written on. In fact no kind of a
bill can be devised to stop inflation so long as the government continues
to pursue the inflation making policies it embarked on at the start of the
war. Plainh' stated, ofiicialdom does not want prices to come down.

There is hardly a paper in the nation that has not carried pictures of
government emploA'es pouring kerosene on potatoes to make them unfit
for human consumption. The spuds were being destroyed for no other
reason than to keep the price from dropping a little because high produc-
tion was threatening to catch up with the market. The same sort of thing
is being done in many other commodities. Still Congress talks seriously
about passing bills to curb inflation. If it were not so tragic in these days
of world-wide shortages, it would all be rather laughable inasmuch as it
resembles nothing so much as a dog trying to catch his tail.

Take the wool situation for an example. Men's suits will be made in
much smaller numbers from now. As a matter of fact the conservative
New York Times predicts a decline of from twenty to twenty-five per
cent in suit production during the coming Spring. For a large number
of American males, suits have already been priced out of reach. However,
with the prospect of today's thirty-five dollar suit selling for fifty dollars
next Spring, manufacturers are looking for an even greater decline in
buying. To avoid being stuck with an excess inventory of high-priced
merchandise, they intend to curtail production.

But the pa3*oif in the whole situation is the government's wool sup-
port program. Uncle Sam is currently guaranteeing wool growers a price
of forty-two and three tenths cents per pound. Last April there was
something like four hundred million pounds of wool stored in govern-
ment warehouses, wool bought and paid for with your mone}' and mine to
keep prices from sagging. Plainly put, you and I and the rest of the
taxpayers are shelling out mone}' every week to keep wool prices high.
In return for this we get the privilege of paying higher prices for the
wool clothes we buy. The higher the prices of suits go, the fewer are
the people who can buy them. This in turn means larger surpluses of
wool; which in turn means more tax money poured out to keep prices
from sagging and more wool piling up in government warehouses. Gov-
ernment planning brings about many strange results. About the only
clear thing in the whole picture is the very obvious fact that officialdom is
opposed to any price reductions.

THE CARPENTER 17

Recently a trade agreement was negotiated between the United States
and a number of other countries. Among the items in the treaty which
are to receive special consideration in the form of lower tariffs is woSl.
Does this mean that we are now going to be compelled to subsidize the
wool growers of Australia and Canada too? Does it mean that govern-
ment warehouses are going to have to start making- room for foreign as
well as domestic wool which Uncle Sam wants to keep from g^oing into
low priced suits that people might be able to afford to buy? Frankly, we
do not know. All we know is that the time has come for Washington to
do a little serious thinking. For too long the left hand has had no idea
what the right hand was doing. If we want to retain the free enterprise
system we ought to be giving it a chance to operate. If not, at least the
people should be told that a government-planned economy is here and free
enterprise is gone the way of the dodo.

•

The Leopard Has Not Changed His Spots

The army of press agents maintained by the National Association
of Manufacturers has done it again. Each time the NAM meets in con-
vention, the regiment of typewriter-beaters on the pa^^roll is given the
job of selling the general public on the liberalism and progressiveness of
NA]M policies. This year the adjective peddlers did a particularly effec-
tive job. Newspapers all over the nation carried stories detailing the
great liberalism of the NA]\I and the policies it formulated at the con-
vention. A typical headline proclaimed: "NAM Reaffirms Liberal Policy."

A little probing below the window-dressing verbiage gotten out by the
high-powered press agents shows that the leopard has not changed his
spots to any appreciable extent. What does this great Nx\M liberalism so
widely proclaimed consist of? As formulated by resolutions adopted at
the convention and by utterances made b}' top-flight officials, it consists of
the following recommendations :

1. A year's "moratorium" by labor on all demands and desires for in-
creases in wages to keep pace with increases in living costs.

2. Retention of all the features of the Taft-Hartley Act which are most
restrictive on labor, and the imposition of even stronger curbs on
anything even remotely resembling real collective bargaining.

3. Emasculation of the Wages and Hours Act through the establish-
ment of a longer work week and the abolition of overtime pay
beyond the traditional forty-hour work week.

4. Lower taxes for the wealth}* (with a consequent shifting of the tax
load to the poor) in order that more "risk capital" may be made
available' for the expansion of industry.

Broadly speaking, that sums up about what the press agents palmed
oft' on the public as a "liberal" policy. If that is liberalism, then Stalin's
policies in Russia are democracv.

Principal speaker at the convention was Charles E. Wilson, head of
General ]\Iotors. His major theme was a plea for the abolition of the
forty hour week. Branding such legislation as "a heritage of the day of
planned scarcity," he insisted employers should no longer be compelled

18 THE CARPENTER

to pay overtime for work performed in excess of the statutory limit.
Having- in mind the "welfare" of wage earners, he flatly declared that
such provisions interfere with the rights of many workers to earn a
better living (although he failed to make clear how a worker can improve
his lot by working for straight time instead of time and a half).

That utterances and actions such as these can be palmed off on American
newspapers as "liberal" is no compliment to either their integrity or intel-
ligence. Certainly few American workers will be fooled by the thick
veneer of press agentry that has been applied to the same old hard core of
stand pat reaction. . ^

Denham Playing At Being Caesar

From coast to coast it is becoming increasingly clear every day that
repeal of the Taft-Hartley Act has become the prime objective of all
organized labor. Nothing short of total repeal of the act will satisfy the
millions upon millions of men and women who through unions of their
own choosing and through the practice of genuine collective bargaining
freed themselves from exploitation, insecurity and economic slavery. In
cities, towns and hamlets, workers are mobilizing their forces for a
showdown on the question of whether collective bargaining shall endure
or whether it shall be permanently replaced b}^ political decisions made
and administered from Washington. To them the Taft-Hartley Act and all
it implies is no mere academic question; rather it is life-and-death propo-
sition, for by the ultimate outcome will be determined whether men
shall remain free to choose their destinies and promote their own welfares
or whether they must follow the dictates of political appointees clothed
with authoritarian powers.

While the act is only a few months old, the difficulties which labor
predicted long- before the act was passed are beginning to materialize.
Already the Board is showing signs of bogging down although the case
load is probably no more than ten per cent of what it will be when
operations move into high gear. Some cases have already been before the
Board for two months without being any closer to a decision than they
were.

However, the most irritating and disgusting aspect of the matter to
date has been the biased, arbitrary, and oftentimes vindictive attitude that
General Counsel Denham has been displaying. Judging solely from his
actions to date, Denham seems bent on driving a wedge between labor and
management. In several recent speeches — presumably made at public ex-
pense— he has gone far out of his way to smear unions and blacken the
labor movement. Instead of adopting a neutral attitude and devoting his
best efforts toward trying to administer a difficult and complex law, he
has elected to carry the ball for the most reactionar}^ and violently anti-
union elements in American life. Partisanship on the part of a public offi-
cial is incompatible with traditional American standards of justice and
fair plav. In the case of the Taft-Hartley Act, such partisanship will in-
evitably serve to make an extremely complicated law entirely unworkable.

Before being elevated to his present position of unwarranted power,
Denham was an obscure lawyer. The sooner he is sent back to being an
even more obscure attorne}^, the better off the nation will be.

Official Information

Cioncral Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of C ARPEXTERS and JOIXERS

of AMERICA

Genkkai- Office : Carpenters' Building. Indianapolis, Ind.

Oenerat, Ppesident

WM. L. IHTf'HESOX

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First General Vice-President

M, A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Secretary

FRANK DUFFY

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

SECONn General Vice-Pre-sikent

.TOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Treasurer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Executive Board

First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR.
Ill E, 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bldg., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.

Fourth District. ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary

All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary

REPORT OF THE DELEGATES TO THE THIRTY-
NINTH ANNUAL CONVENTION OF THE UNION
LABEL TRADES DEPARTMENT OF THE
A. F. OF L.

To the General Executive Board,
Brothers:

The Thirty-ninth Annual Convention of the Union Label Trades Department
of the A. P. of L. was held in the St. Frances Hotel, San Francisco, Calif., on
October 3, 1947.

One hundred and eleven delegates were in attendance from forty-two National
and International Unions.

Tlie Executive Board in its report said in part:

We open the Thirty-ninth Convention of The Union Label Trades Department,
American Federation of Labor, amid strange and stirring times. We find that
despite labor's magnificent contribution in industrial production during the war,
it is beset upon all sides by hostile forces who seek to weaken, if not destroy our
movement. In view of present international trends, this is a sliort-sighted. if not a
fatal policy.

Unquestionably we shall live in a legalistic atmosphere for some years to come
and our trials will be severe and costly. It is, therefore, all the' more incumbent
upon us to gird our belts and prepare to do battle on every field of organized labor's
activities. Particularly is that true at this time and with the enactment of the
Taft-Hartley Bill into a law. In some respects, the future use of the Union Label

20 THE CARPENTER

is now restricted or limited as a means of refusing to handle non-imion made
material or services in the completion of an article to bear the Union Label. Time
and experience can best tell how far or effective such restrictions or limitations may
be and to what extent the use of the Union Label, Shop Card, and Service Button
may come within the prohibitions of the boycott terms of the Taft-Hartley Law.

We must carefully and scrupulously analyze and understand the legal barriers
sought to be erected not only by our national government, but as well by our
.several state governments. With and within that knowledge, we must then deter-
mine the strategy and procedures we are to follow so we may avoid present pitfalls
and lead ourselves again to the road of complete freedom of action.

For the past thirteen years, the Department has established new services in
order that we could take advantage of the facilities offered us through the press,
motion pictures, radio and electrical transcriptions for expanding our public rela-
tions.

The over-all objectives of your Department are to publicize Union Labels,
Shop Cards, and Service Buttons and to promote the sale of union-made products
and the use of union services.

Our immediate problem is to retain the interest of Union Label conscious
consumers and carry on a vigorous campaign to increase the demand for Union
Label goods and Union services. "Eternal vigilance" is necessary to maintain
American union standards. At this time, it is vital to the entire labor movement
to continue our eiforts by urging all members of unions and their families to con-
stantly demand the Union Label, Shop Card, and Service Button.

Established union firms and newly unionized industries will be urged to place
the Union Label on their products.

By withholding their support from unfair manufacturers and mechandisers
and by patronizing only those firms that display the Union Label, Shop Card, and
Service Button, American workers have the best guarantee for security of their
jobs, wages, and v^orking conditions. They have the best assurance of creating
higher labor standards now being advocated by the American Federation of Labor
and which help to make up what is known as the "American way of life."

Then follow other matters of importance such as:

Union Label Leagues.

Union Label Catalogue Directory.

Radio Programs.

Union Label Weeks held in different cities, with Union Label Exhibits and the
interest taken in them by the public.

Women's Auxiliaries.

Future Work, etc.

New afiiliations during the past year follow:

The United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of Plumbing and Pipe
Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada and the International Brother-
hood of Firemen and Oilers.

The income and expenses for the year were given in detail.

After careful consideration the Report of the Executive Board was adopted.

It was unanimously resolved,

That the Union Label Trades Department of the American Federation of
Labor, in convention assembled, hereby acknowledges and expresses appreciation
of the generous amount of space contributed by the labor newspapers, the official
labor journals and other labor publications to the Union Label Trades Department.

It was also unanimously resolved.

That the Unioil Label Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor
proposes that a vigorous nationwide educational and public relations program be
conducted, calling upon State Federations of Labor, Central Labor Unions, Union
Label Leagues and Women's Auxiliaries to cooperate in holding Union Label weeks

THE CARPENTER

and Union Label exhibits for tlie period beginning with ^lay 10, 1948, and culmi-
nating on Labor Day. on wlaich day all labor in the United States and Canada
will sponsor rallies, radio programs and mass meetings for the purpose of soliciting
public support in repealing the Taft-Hartley law and other obnoxious labor legis-
lation in the various states, and at the same time inform the public that the
best way to maintain our high American labor standards is by directing their
purchasing power to firms and establishments that display the Union Labels,
Shop Cards and Service Buttons.

The following Resolution was unanimously adopted:

Resolved, by this convention that we recommend this slogan to our member-
ship: "There will never be legislation passed to force any one to buy non-union
made goods when they prefer union-made goods;" and be it further

Resolved, That our labor papers, journals, magazines and other printed litera-
ture feature this slogan whenever possible and consistent.

The following ofiicers were elected for the coming term:

President Matthew Woll, Photo Engravers.

First Vice-President Jno. J. Ward, Boot and Shoe Workers.

Second Vice-President Jos. P. McCarty, Garment Workers.

Third Vice-President Jas. I\I. Duffy, Operative Potters.

Fourth Vice-President Herman Winter, Bakers.

Fifth Vice-President Dave Beck, Teamsters.

Secretary-Treasurer I. ^l. Ornburn. Cigar Makers.

Respectfully submitted.

M. A. HUTCHESOX.
TED KENNEY,

Delegates.

Notice to Recording Secretaries

The quarterly circular for the months of January, February and
March, 1948, containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to
all Local Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in
receipt of this circular should notify Frank Duffy, Carpenters' Building,
Indianapolis, Indiana.

NEW CHARTERS ISSUED

2 403 Three Rivers. Que.. Can.

2405 Kalispell, Mont.
3055 Goshen, Ind.

2406 Hibbing, Minn.

30 57 Tee-Lake, So. Tamiscamingue.
Que., Can.

2407 Rochester, X. Y.
2409 Helena, Mont.

3058 Marysville, Calif.

3059 Crescent City, Calif.

2411 Laurel, Miss.

2412 Melville, Sask., Can.
2446 Kalispell, Mont.

2413 Lauzon, Que., Can.

2414 Cleveland, Miss.

2418 Pawtucket, R. I.

2 420 Wilmington. Del.

2421 Philippi. W. Va.

2422 El Verano, Calif.
3068 Strathroy, Ont., Can.

2423 Chicago. 111.
2426 Lamar,. Colo.

2428 Macon, Mo.

2429 Fort Payne, Ala.

2430 Wetaskiwin, Alta.. Can.
3073 Oroville, Calif.

3080 High Point, N. C.

Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory.

Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more

%t&i in :it»^a:r^

The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.

Brother JOHN ALTMUELLER, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother FOSTER AZEVEDO. Local No. 35, San Raphael, Cal.
Brother ADOLPH BOLDT, Jr., Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother TOM BURGESS, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother JAMES CAVENDAR, Local No. 29, Cincinnati, Ohio
Brother JOHN CLIFFORD, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother ARTHUR COLLETT, Local No 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother ANDER H. CRISIPIN, Jr., Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother GEO. CURDELAIR, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother ISOM DILLON, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
Brother RALPH DUTTER, Local No. 514, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Brother LAWRENCE ENDRES, Local No. 1154, Algonac, Mich.
Brother J. W. FANNING, Local No. 1880, Carthage, Mo.
Brother ROY B. FERRIS, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother W. A. FERGUSON, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother EDWARD W. FINNEY, Local No. 514, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Brother HENRY FISHER, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother JOHN GREAVES, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother WILLIAM HALL, Local No. 29, Cincinnati, Ohio
Brother WILFRED HALLAWAY, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother EDGAR HOSACK, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother FRANCIS M. HAWKINS, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
Brother LONNIE J. HINES, Local No. 187, Geneva, N. Y.
Brother ARTHUR HOLLAND, Local No. 29, Cincinnati, Ohio
Brother CHARLES W. HOLLANDER, Local No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.
Brother ELZA M. HOUGHTON, Local No. 1815, Santa Ana, Cal.
Brother JAMES JOHNSON, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother WALTER KENNERUP, Local No. 281, Binghampton, N. Y.
Brother AUGUST KUPFERER, Local No. 366, Bronx, N. Y.
Brother T. LEHTOVARRA, Local No. 2638, Fort William, Ont., Can.
Brother J. Q. MALONEY, Local No. 1072, Muskogee, Okla.
Brother ESTES MAXWELL, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.
Brother THOMAS A. NOLAN, Local No .51, Boston, Mass.
Brother GEORGE O'DONNELL, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother ALBERT REINHARDT, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother GEORGE H. RICHTER, Local No. 1366, Quincy, 111.
Brother JESSE RISK, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
Brother JACOB SCHAUB, Local No. 417. St. Louis, Mo.
Brother JOE SCHLAG, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother L. H. SCOTT, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.
Brother JOSEPH SIEBER, Local No. 1365, Cleveland Ohio
Brother J. J. SOISSON, Local No. 417, St Louis, Mo.
Brother ABRAHAM STARR, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Brother CHALMER STONE, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother JOSEPH TERBROCK, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother WALTER E. TUTTLE, Local No. 1324, Rochester, N. H.
Brother CHARLES WALIHAN, Local No. 904, Jacksonville, 111.
Brother FRANK WALTER, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother CHARLES WARTER, Local No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.
Brother GEORGE WATT, Local No. 1365, Cleveland, Ohio
Brother M. H. WEDDELL, Local No. 417, St. Louis, Mo.
Brother WILLIAM YEAPLE, Local No. 301, Newburgh, N. Y.
Brother FRANK R. ZILKA, Local No. 1372, Easthampton, Mass.

CorrospondoncQ

This Jouraal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.

LOCUS No. 526 AND 213 SPONSOR JOINT PICNIC

Carpenters' Local Union No. 526, of Galveston, and Local No. 213, of Houston,
were hosts at a Bai'beque and Dance for members and families, at Galveston
County Park, Leagiie City, Texas, on November 22, 19 47. The all day picnic was
given for the purpose of promoting the sale of Poll Taxes.

City and County Officials of both communities were among the invited guests,
as were officials of other union organizations.

Brother Paul Sparks, secretary of the Houston Building and Trades Department,
and Vice-President of the 9th District, Texas State Federation of Labor, was
master of ceremonies. Interesting talks were given by Brother Roy Bruce, busi-
ness agent for both Locals 52 6 and 213 in the Freeport area; C. P. Driscoll, Inter-
national Representative of the Brotherhood of Carpenters; and Jimmie Vasek,
Commissioner of Galveston County The principal address of the day was given
by Otto Mullinax, of the firm of Mullinax, Barbaria and Ball, of Dallas, legal
advisors to the Texas State Federation of Labor.

Races and games were enjoyed by the children, and the menu of Barbeque
with all the trimmings was enjoyed by all. Dancing was from 3 to 8 p.m.

Busses were provided by both organizations for those having no other trans-
portation, and a record crowd was present in spite of the bad weather.

The arrangement committee consisted of Bros. Howe, Jordan, Wallace and
Brown of Galveston, and Bros. Lucas, Bryant, Dozier and Wilson of Houston.

LOCAL, No. 210 CELEBRATES GOLDEN JUBILEE

More than 300 people jammed the banquet hall of Hugo's Restaurant, Stam-
ford, Connecticut, on the evening -of October 2 3rd to commemorate the founding
of Local 210 on October 23, 1897. A turkey dinner with all the trimmings was
served. Rev. John P. McNerney of St. John's Church, who gave the invocation,
spoke later in commemoration of the Local's anniversary.

General Representative Wni. J. Sullivan, who represented the General Office,
spoke at some length on the history of Local 210 and the Taft-Hartley Bill.

Mayor of the City of Stamford, Charles E. Moore, urged the union workers to
stick together and to fight to keep the advances in working conditions brought
about in the years gone by.

First Selectman George T. Barrett said a great power has been put into the
hands of the working people of the country and asked that they use it wisely.

Two of the original members of the Local, Brothers Henry Lindstrom and
Victor Sacrision, were honored at the anniversary celebration as were twenty-
four other members of thirty-five or more years standing.

Seated at the head table were represntatives of the Connecticut Federation of
Labor and the Stamford Building Employees Association.

Dancing until 1:00 A.M. followed the dinner. A huge cake was brought to
the celebration symbolizing the fifty years of Local 210.

President of the Local, Louis H. Hardvall, welcomed the members and their
friends. The toastmaster was Brother George Robinson. Those who organized
the celebration were: Louis H. Hardvall, George E. Lockwood, George Friend,
Owen S. Ladd and Fran Barry.

24 THE CARPENTER

LOOAX. Xo. 246 HOLD ANNUAL. HONOR ROLL. CEREMONY

On the night of November 17th, Local Union No. 246 of New York City held
its twenty-eighth annual Honor Roll Ceremony to pay tribute to the members of
the Union who served their country in the two "World Wars. Originiated by
Brother A. Darmstadt right after the termination of World War 1, the Honor
Roll Ceremony has been an annual event with Local Union No. 246. Its only
purpose is to demonstrate to veteran members that their contributions have not
been and never will be forgotten.

Feature of this year's ceremony was the unveiling of a beautiful bronze plaque
on which are engraved the names of all members of the Union who served in either
of the two World Wars. Brother George Henjes, president of the Local, unveiled
the plaque. The Reverend Father Darby invoked a blessing on the plaque and
commended the veterans for their faith and sacrifices. A few moments of silent
prayer were offered to the memory of those Brothers who made the supreme sacri-
fice.

Special guests and speakers included: Mr. Fishback of the American Red Cross;
Wm. McGill, secretary of the Typogi'aphical Union Executive Board; H. C. Cooper,
assistant manager of the Social Security Administration; J. B. G'Roiirke, State
Compensation attorney; Mr. Shane, past commander of the Unknown Soldier Post
of the American Legion; and General Representative Sam Sutherland who repre-
send the General Office. All delivered enlightening and entertaining speeches.

As climax of the evening, Brother Darmstadt, as Master of Ceremonies, called
the roll of the thirty-five Brothers who served in World War 1, of whom twelve
are still active members, and the ninety-nine Brothers who served in the recent
war, sixty-nine of whom are still active members. As a special token of esteem,
a donation of three months' dues was made to every veteran still active in the
union.

In conclusion, a standing vote of thanks was given to the veterans, the eve-
ning's speakers, and especially to Brother Darmstadt whose untiring efforts made
this and all other preceding Honor Roll Ceremonies great successes.

BRISTOL LOCAL SPONSORS PARTY FOR VETS

To pay honor to the members who served in the Armed Forces and those
veterans who became members after being discharged from the Services, Local
Union No. 952 of Bristol, Connecticut, on Sunday, November 2nd, sponsored an out-
ing and picnic as a sort of welcoming home party. About ten a.m. members and
guests began assembling. Recreation and a general good time were the order
of the day.

At one-thirty a sumptuous chicken dinner was served and everyone present
fell to with gusto. Following dinner, ball games, card playing and music kept
things lively all afternoon. The party broke up in the early evening with every-
one voting it an unqualified success.

LOCAL UNION No. 343 CELEBRATES 60tJi BERTHBAY

October 6, 1947, marked the Diamond Jubilee of Local 343 of Winnipeg,
Canada. On October 9th 300 members and their wives celebrated the occasion
in the form of a banquet and concert which was held in the Royal Alexandra Hotel.

President John Simm acted as Chairman. District Representative, Brother
Andrew Cooper of Toronto was guest speaker and he delivered an interesting
address which was well received.

At the conclusion of his address Brother Cooper asked Brother Simm to accept
a suitably inscribed gavel which is to be handed on to suceediug Presidents of
Local 343.

THE CARP EXTER 25

Our Business Agent, Brother J. B. Graham, was the recipient of a 25-year or
longer badge which was also presented by Brother Cooper.

A feature of the evening was the presence of John Manson who is the only
known living charter member and Brothers Wm. Proffit and Alex Jackson each
of whom has over 50 years membership to his credit.

In addition to the Executive at the Head Table were representatives of the
Province of RIanitoba, the City of Winnipeg, Department of Labor, and Builders
Exchange.

A very pleasant evening was spent.

NEW MEXICO COUNCIL CONVENTION BLASTS ANTI-LABOR LAAVS

The 19 47 convention of the New Mexico State Council of Carpenters was held
in Carpenters Hall, Carlsbad, on October 8th. Some twenty-six delegates repre-
senting thirteen affiliated Local Unions were in attendance. A large number of
matters pertaining to the welfare of the Brotherhood of Carpenters and the craft
of carpentry came before the convention and were disposed of in an expeditious
manner. Particular emphasis was laid on the need for greater political activity
on the part of workers throughout the state. Because the labor vote failed to turn
out at the last election a "Right to Work" measure was passed by the state. The
convention adopted a resolution urging every Local Union to Investigate the back-
ground and attitude on labor matters of every candidate seeking public office in
the future.

All officers of the Council were unanimouslj' reelected and Santa Fe was
selected as the site of the 19 48 convention.

LOC.\L 1782 HOLDS 40th ANNm^RSARY JUBILEE

On a recent Saturday Local 1782 of Newark, N. J., held its 40th Anniversary
Jubilee at the Continental Ballroom, Newark. The affair was a huge success and
about 12 charter members were in attendance. Chairman for the evening's festivi-
ties was Philip Israel, Financial Secretary and one of the youngest members of the
Local. Toastmaster was Louis Tarchis, president of the Local and one of the charter
members.

The Essex County District Council was represented in full force from President
Andy Green and John Walsack, Secretary-Treasurer, to all the business agents
and District Council delegates. There were also representatives from all the Local
Unions comprising the district. Locals 2212. 429, 1613. 349, 306, 119 and 1209.
A large delegation from Local 1073, Philadelphia, also attended. There were also
representatives from Locals 383 Bayonne. and 1157 Passaic, N. J. Total attend-
ance was 450 persons.

A grand meal was served and the audience was enthusiastic over the wonderful
entertainment which was presented.

The main theme followed by all the speakers was the unification of all organ-
ized labor in the fight against the Taft-Hartley Bill.

LOCAL 2061 HONORS 61 CHARTER MEMBERS

Proud of the achievements it has chalked up in its first decade of existence,
Local Union No. 2061, Austin, Minnesota, recently celebrated the tenth anniversary
of its founding by sponsoring a banquet and get together at the Knights of Colum-
bus Hall. Sixteen charter members who are still active were paid a special tribute.

26 THE CARPENTER

Elmer Schaffer, Local 361, Duluth, and president of the newly-organized State
Carpenters Council was principle speaker of the evening. Other speakers included
A. S. Ihrig, St. Paul, secretary of the State Council, and Harold Atwood, field repre-
sentative of the Apprentice Training Service, Winona. Atwood revealed that thirty-
six apprentices were now in training in Austin under the program.

The evening was not only entertaining but also inspirational and the friends
and guests who attended went home prouder than ever of the achievements of
Local Union No. 2061.

OLD TIME BAY CITY MEMBER AND WIFE HONORED

Carpenters Hall, Bay City, Michigan, was the scene of an unusual event on
October 19th when Mr. and Mrs. Joseph A. Roth celebrated their Golden Wedding
there with a family dinner. By coincidence Brother Roth was close to celebrating
fifty years of membership in the Brotherhood at the same time, having rounded
out forty-eight years of continuous membership. In his almost half a century
of membership he has held various offices in the Union. Although not an officer at
present he is still active in union affairs. Local Union No. 116 wishes Brother
and Mrs. Roth many more years of happy life together.

ST. LOUIS LOCAL HONORS VETS AT BIRTHDAY PARTY

Carpenters Hall, St. Louis, Missouri, on the night of November 15th was the
scene of much merriment and hilarity as Local Union No. 602 celebrated the
forty-fourth anniversary of its founding. The occasion was also something in the
nature of a home-coming to honor the thirty-nine members of the union who
served in the Armed Forces during the war. Adding a solemn note to the evening,
special tribute was paid to the memories of Brothers Adolph Hunecke and John
Walker who made the supreme sacrifice during the recently concluded struggle to
preserve democracy and decency.

Dancing, refreshments and food were provided in abundance and the hun-
dreds of members and guests who attended kept things going at a merry clip
until late Sunday morning. Speaker of the evening was General Representative
George Ottens who extended the greetings of General President William L.
Hutcheson Avho was unable to attend. Brother Ottens reviewed the achievements
of the Brotherhood and touched on the threat that anti-labor legislation currently
presents.

During the evening, each of the members who served in the Armed Forces dur-
ing the war was presented to the gathering. Six other Brothers, all of whom
have been with the union since its infancy, were also recognized. They are: Fred
Bauman, Charles Gipfert, Henry Schnell, Al. Langmer, O. Garside, and C. Clark

The evening was voted an outstanding success by all who attended.

PLEASANTVILLE LOCAL HOLDS ANNUAL GET TOGETHER

On Friday evening, November 14th, members of Local Union No. 842,^ Pleasant-
ville, New Jersey, held their annual Get Together Dinner. Wives and guests of
members were invited and as a result a large and congenial crowd was on hand to
participate in the eAJ^ening's festivities. Highlight of the affair was a splendid
turkey dinner which included all the traditional trimmings. Following the dinner
there was a well-rounded program of entertainment. A smooth band played dance
music for those who cared to dance and the evening wound up on a pleasant and
convivial note. Members and guests departed better acquainted with their fellow
workers and their families and convinced that not the least of the advantages of
belonging to an organization such as the United Brotherhood is good fellowship.
Everyone congratulated the entertainment committee on a job well done.

Craft ProblQms

Carpentry

LESSON 232
By H. H. Siegele

I am showing three kinds of shingling
gauges in Fig. 1. The one to the left
has a slot into which the blade of the
hatchet slips, and with the setscrew it
is clamped to the hatchet in such a
manner that it will gauge the width of
the shingle courses. The one to the
right has a different shape, but is also
clamped to the blade of the hatchet.
The one at the center is fastened to the
blade by means of holes, through
which the threaded part passes, and
when the gauge is tightened it clamps
itself to the hatchet blade.

Had it not been for the invention of
the shingling gauge, I would not be
■writing this lesson now, nor would I
ever have written anything for publica-
tion. And here is the way it happened.

When I was a young man a new con-
tractor came to town. I was the second
carpenter he hired. He was rather ner-
vous, and acted as if he had lost money

Fig. 1

on perhaps a previous contract. This
job was a four-room house, and the
first one that he had since coming to
town. The first week we put up the
framework and were ready for shin-
gling. However, toward the end of the
week he fired the other carpenter. On
Monday morning we were to start shin-
gling. When I got to the job a "floater"
Avas there, whose tools consisted of a
shingling hatchet with a shingling
gauge attached. It was the first shin-
gling gauge I had ever seen. After giv-
ing the instructions, the boss left and
did not return until the afternoon.

While I was putting up the scaffold-
ing, (the floater did not need scaffold-
ing) the floater sharpened his hatchet,
made a shingling stool, and carried
shingles up onto the roof where he
intended to work. When I had the scaf-
fold finished, I carried a few bunches
of shingles up onto the roof and started

Fig. 2

putting on the double course. I was
shingling with a line and soon discovereid
that I would have to do my very best
to keep up my end. By increasing my
speed I managed to hold my own with
the floater. Between 2 and 3 o'clock
we had one side of the roof shingled
about as shown by Fig. 2. The floater
was a little to the right of the center,
as indicated by the X, w^hile I was at
the point marked X, just above the
H. H.

Just then the boss came back, and
stepping away from the building he
looked up at us. Evidently he con-
cluded that I had shingled only the
part to the right that is unshaded and
marked "H. H." At the same time he
gave the floater credit for the rest of
the shingling that had been done. In
this way the floater got credit for all
of his own work, the unshaded part to
the left, and about half of the work
that I had done, or the part shown
shaded on the drawing. The boss's nerv-
ousness took on the form of resolution,
and up the ladder he came. "Is that the
best you can do'?" he asked. "That's my
best," I answered. Without further
questioning he fired me off the job.

THE CARPEXTER

I A\'as unmarried, ^vith nobody but
myself to take care of. So without any
further explanation. I picked up my
tools, with a strong feeling that that

Fig. 3

contractor (his name was Kelley, and I
never saw him again) could go to Ha-
waii, or some warmer climate. I would
get me some books and read. When I
got to my room I put away my tools and
went to the book store and bought
Webster's Unabridged International Dic-
tionary, an encyclopedia, and. a few
other books. Armed with these I set-
tled down to do some of the things that

I really wanted to do. Not until the
following spring did I touch my tools
again, and then only after an old head
came to my room and begged me to
help him out. And that was the way I
got started in the direction of writing
craft problem articles.

The floater who got credit for about
half of the shingling I did that day,
was really not a first-class shingler. (I
did not learn his name, and never saw
him again.) While he got his courses
reasonably straight, he did not bring
the butts of the shingles to a straight
line. They were up and down, much on

the order of what is shown in Fig. 3.
The reason for this was that he did not
hold his hatchet at the right place w'hen
he gatiged the shingle. That is, he
gauged the shingle with the hatchet at
the center of the butt, as shown in Fig.
4. which did not bring the butts in line
at point A.

The right way to gauge a shingle is
shown bj" Fig. 5. Here the hatchet con-
tacts the shingle at the front corner.

while at the same time the btttts are
made to line at point A. In order to do
this, it often becomes necessary to
spread the shingles a little at the joint,
or, on the other hand, it might become
necessary to dress the edges a little.
Care should be taken that no joint will
be open more than one-eighth of an
inch.

Fig. 6 shows how shingling with a
gauge is done. At the bottom, left. S C

Fig. 6

stand for starting course. AVhen this
course is on, the shingler starts from
8 to 12 courses (in this case I show 9
courses) and carries them all across the
roof. The number of courses that a man
can conveniently carry, depends on the
man himself. If he is a short man, he

T ir K C A K T» E X T K R

can not carry as many coursps as a tall
man can. For that reason no hard and
fast rnle should be laid down.

When a strip of shingling has been
done from one end of a roof to the
other, the shingler should sight along
the last course, and if there are any
crooks, they should be straightened out,
as shown by Fig. 7. Here the hatchet at
A shows how to drive the shingles up in
case of a downward bulge, while the
hatchet at B shows how the shingles
are driven down in case of an upward
bulge. In driving shingles down, the
workman should be careful so as not to
split the shingles. The handle of the
hatchet should be parallel with the sui'-
face of the roof and with the line of the
courses when the hatchet strikes the

Fig. 7

shingle. To go at this work as if one
were killing snakes, is abusing a prac-
tice that i^ entirely justifiable when
done with care.

Fig. 8 shows the oldtime method of
shingling with a line, that I was using
when I got fired, and unwittingly got
started on the road to writing craft
problem articles. The old heads will
remember when this method was used.

After the double course was on, the
shingler would strike two chalk lines,
as shown between 1 and 1, and betwee^i

Fig. S

2 and 2. The upper line was struck first
and then the bottom one. Two courses
of shingles were then put on from one
end of the roof to the other. The first
course was brought to the first line,
while the second course was put on over
it, and brought as nearly as possible in
line with the second chalk line. Occa-
sionally one met a shingler who struck
three lines, which is shown by the addi-
tional line between 3 and 3. But the
third course of shingles, while it threw
off the water, seldom was straight. The
dotted lines on the drawing indicate
where the lines were covered with

shingles.

Wants to KiioAV

A reader wants a table covering the
roof pitches shown in the first column
of Fig. 1. He wants to know the fig-
ures to use in obtaining the edge bevel,
which are shoAvn by the second column.
The figures to the right give the length
of the rafter for a foot run, and when
these figures are used with 12, they

TWO AIDS FOR SPEED AND ACCURACY

:.v,

THEY HAVE

OUR CHART Blueprint 27" X 36"

"The FRAMING SQUARE" ((hart)

Explains tables on framing squares. Shows how
to find lengths of any rafter and make its cuts;
find any angle in degrees; frame any polygon 3 to
16 sides, and cut its mitres; read board feet rafter
and brace tables, octagon scale. Gives other valu-
able information. Also includes Starting Key and
Radial Saw Chart for changing pitches and cuts
into degrees and minutes. Every carpenter should
have this chart. Now printed on both sides, makes about
13 square feet of printed data showing squares full size.
Price $1.00 postpaid, no stamps.

SLIDE CALCULATOR for Rafters

Makes figuring rafters a cinch! Shows the length of any
rafter having a run of from 2 to 23 feet; longer lengths are
found by doubling. Covers 17 different pitches. Shows lengths
of hips and valleys, commons, jacks, and gives the cuts for
each pitch, also the angle in degrees and minutes. Fastest
method known, eliminates chance of error, so simple anyone
who can read numbers can use it. NOT A SLIDE RULE but
a Slide Calculator designed especially for Carpenters, Con-
tractors and Architects. Thousands in use. I'rice Sl2.i)0
postpaid. Check or M. 0., no stamps.

MASON ENGINEERING SERVICE

2105 N. Burdick St., Dept. I, Kalamazoo 81. Mic''

THE CARPEXTER

give the edge bevel. The third column
gives the difference in the lengths of
jack rafters spaced 16 inches, while the

Rooi

Pihh

Edge

Bev«l

/e'Spate

Z'5pace

12 t

12 V/t

16 >^

24 •*/«

12. •+-

?^/»

12 '/A

16 f/<

24 '/z 1

12. *

I2'/S

16 /a

24 '/+ !

12 4-

<1^»

t2 /2

16 '//«

25 1

12 4-

■ 12

«f

? >

(6 '/s

25 i^

12 '+•

^i'a

: 12

-4-

2 %

\7 7/t ■ ■

25^

2 V

' 1?

17 -a/Zb

L^y

1 +

v?;!^

3 '/+

17 V/t,

26 5^

Z H-

H-

3 '//*

\r Vi

26 J'J

1 ^

f,li

' 1?.

3 'Ab

18 -V/6

27 ya

2 "4-

3 '/8

18 ^t '

27 ■'/4

12 «f

7 '/i

14 V/*

/a va

2«J/S

/2 *

' 12

4 y/t

IS V/6 :

28 //|

12 <^

a/?

-f '//<

13 »A« :

23 V»

/2 <*-

l2 +

^>',

5 '//A

20 J/i

30 -^.

11 4-

5 -^A

20 V4

31 '/4

It 1-

/o ;i

■4-

J -V/*

21 J/A

31 r/i 1

li 4-

6 '/f

LI ^8

32/2 1

/2 4-

II J4

6^/«

22 '/I

33 ^4 j

/2 ^

22 »//«

34 1

Fig. 1

fourth column gives the difference in
the lengths when spaced 2 feet. The
figures given in the table vrere obtained
by measuring the diagonal distance of
the square, between the figures giving
the varioiis rises and 12. For the dift'er-

Fig. 2. to the right, shows a square
with the diagonal distance shown for
three pitches; one-half, one-third, and
one-sixth. The lengths of the rafters
per foot run are given just above the
diagonal lines for each of the pitches.
The difference in the lengths of jack
rafters spaced 16 inches for the pitches,
is given between the tongues of the two
squares marked A and B. The way this
is done is simple. Apply the square for
one foot run, mark along the blade
and then slide the square forward from
12 to 16. or from position A to position
B, keeping the blade on the line. Now
the diagonal distance between 16 and
the point where the tongue intersects
with the line giving the pitch, is the
dift'erenee in the lengths of the jack
rafters spaced 16 inches on center.

To the dipper left are shown two
squares applied to a timber, using 12
and 12, on half pitch. Twice the diag-
onal distance between 12 and 12, is
the difference in the lengths of jacks
spaced 2 feet on center for a half pitch.

Fig. 2

ence in the length of the jacks for rhe
2-foot spaces the length of the rafter
for a foot run was doubled, while for
the 16-inch spaces, one-third of the
length of the rafter was added.

Wants to Kdow

A reader sends a pencil sketch of a
truss, giving the terms of the dift'erent
members, including the roof joists and
roof sheeting, on one-half of the truss,
leaving the other half for me to write in
the practical terms of the same parts.

The drawing shows to the left, the
terms as given on the sketch, and to
the right, the terms that. I stipplied
before sending the drawing back, to-
gether with the following suggestions:

Truss rafter is a better term than
principal. Principal is used primarily
as an adjective, as in, principal post,
principal beam, principal wall, and so
forth. If a truss rafter is called prin-

ROOF FRAMING MADE EASY!!

Simplifies Ail Jobs - Saves Time and Effort - Prevents Errors.

• if't this Practical Course in Koof Framing by Van (iaasbeek. Profit bj"
learning all roof framing principles and ho^v to apjily them in practical
ilaily work. Contains vital facts for journeymen, foremen and 'apprentices.
Simplified for yuiek understanding.

Roof pitch ; dormers ; gambrel roof : how to deter-

Framing: how to frame mine lengths of roof rafters; a curved rafter

a gable roof; a roof of equal pitch; problems roof; a conie roof; hopper bevels; rake aud

'or practice; how to frame a roof of unequal level mouldings; questions for review.

Partial Contents l2S,1n^l''

270 PAGES

116 ILLUSTRATIONS

CLOTH BINDING

MAIL COUPON Money Back if Not Fully Satisfied

Frederick J. Drake & Co., Dept. 31, 600 W. Van Buren St., Chicago 7, Hi.

er. i K ,: F:„^:;:i' by \ an Gaasbeek at once. ( ) Kemitianee for -*:.'.50 enclosed.
S-;. ^ '111,' Postpaid if remittacee is sent with orderj. Money refunded if not
r.i-t;.j i!..i l-u-^k is returned in 5 days.

Addres

cipal, unless one knew from some other
source what was meant, one could hard-
ly be expected to know from the word

BE READY FOR
A BETTER JOB
AT BIGGER PAY

Tr^u Rofte

Fig. 1

itself. On the job simple terms that are
readily understood should be used . . .
Sheathing is a poor choice word, better
say sheeting . . . The timbers to which
the roof sheeting is nailed, when they
are placed as shown by the illustration,
are roof joists. . . A purlin is a timber
that supports rafters about halfway be-
tween the seat and the comb. . . Either
brace or strut is correct, but brace is
commonly understood and therefore the
better term. . . A beam is a girder that
supports joists or some other weight,
while a chord is the bottom member of
a truss, and in lattice trusses both the
top and the bottom members are chords
. . . Bolt is a good word to use in the
construction of beams, but rod is the
better choice in this case.

Thousands of

Trained Men

Will Be Needed

The Ijiiildiiig boom is well uuder way. New homes
and other structures to be built will [irovide a tre-
mendous number of well-paid job.s. Men trained
in Architecture. Drafting. Contracting, Carpen-
try and related building trades will cash in BIO
on their knowledge and skill. YOU can train in
spare time at home, at low cost, for a big-pay
job in this rich field. American School can help
you to success just as it has helped others dur-
ing its 51 years. Check, fill in and mail coupon
NOW. for FREE information.

AMERICAN SCHOOL

Dept. BI44, Drexel Ave. at 58th St., Chicago 37, ill.

Send me FREE information about your special trainine
plan covering subjects checlted below.

n Aehitecture & Building D Automotive Engineering
O Drafting and Design D Diesel Engineering

n Contracting

n Pract-eal Plumbing

D Air Conditioning

D Refrigeration

D Electrical Engineering

D Mechanical Engineering

D Plastics Engineering

n Aviation Q Radio

n Business Management

D High School Courses

"MASTER 0^zcu,;i^ gives me
quick, accurate measurements"

RETAILS

$20 0

BLADES REPLACEABLE

blade, lever brake for holding reading,
inside-outsicle measure.

You can own the Streamline, out.stand-
ing in its class, by asking for it at your
hardware dealer, or by using the coupon.

Says Mr. Larry Klohs

36 Van Wort Ave., White Plains, N. Y.

"Streamline proves indispensable for
the many measurements I make on the
job and in my home Avorkshop."

Mr. Klohs, a master carpenter,
knows the value of a dei>endable, accu-
rate measuring instrument. He chooses
Streamline for its superior features,
atti'active appearance, and sturdy de-
sign. Graduations on both sides of

I MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC., Dept. E-1
I 201 Main Street, White Plains, N. Y.

I Gentlemen: I enclose $2.00. Please send my Streamline
immediately.

WOOD

TAPE R

Rko£ maj?k! ,

XiJilifiljij

ULES

iJjJi

CITY STATE.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories

Page

American Floor Surfacing Ma-
chine Co., Toledo, O 3

E. C. Atkins & Co., Indian-
apolis, Ind. 4th Cover

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 32

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover

Master Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y 31

Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore. 32

Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn 3rd Cover

E. Weyer, New York, N. Y 3

Carpentry Materials

The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._ 1

Technical Courses and Books

American School, Chicago, 111 31

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y.__3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111. 4

Frederick J. Drake & Co., Chi-
cago, 111. 30

Mason Engineering Service,

Kalamazoo, Mich. 29

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 4

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 3

Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo— 3

SSirFiLING

You can have a good steady, cash
business of your own reconditioning
saws with the Foley Automatic Saw
Filer, which makes old saws cut like
new again. The Foley is the ONLY
Machine that files hand saws, also
band and circular saws. Easy to
operate — no eyestrain.

IMMEDIATE DELIVERY is now available on
a Foley Saw Filer. Free Plan shows
how to start in spare time. No can-
vassing. Mail coupon today.

FdlEY^:^.^^,^ SAW FILER

FOLEY MFG. CO.

118-8 Foley BIdg.,
Minneapolis 18, Minn.

Send Free Plan on Saw Filino business — no

obligation.

Name

.Address

FRAMING SQUARE

soiy/ts ALl

FKAMINC PROBLEMS
INSTANTLY! '

ALL YOU XEED TO KXOW IS WIDTH
OF BULLDIXG AXD PITCH OF ROOF

Now one tool solves all roof framing'
problems. No more bulky squares,
rafter tables, slide rules and other ex-
tras to carry while figuring roofs.
Sharp's Automatic Framing Square
does it all. Just set tool to pitch of
roof and it automatically solves every
problem and provides direct marking
guide for all cuts. Gives exact figures
for length of rafters. Cuts given in
square readings and in degrees for
power saw work. Opens to 9 0-deg.
angle.

One Setting gives you the marking
for both Plumb Cut and Mitre Cut

Blade gives

marking for

Plumb Gut oi

Common and

Hip Rafter.

Bevel Bar

outomaticolly

adjusts itself

for all

Mitre Cuts on

Hip, Valley

or Jack Rafters.

A sturdy, all-metal tool that folds up Into
one compact unit ... 1 foot long, 2 inches
wide. Fits in pocket easily. Xo sharp corn-
ers to catch on clothing.

GUARANTEE : If you are not 'completely
satisfied with Sharp's Automatic Framing
Square, return the tool within 30 days and
your money will be refunded.

Prepaid

«io«

LLOYD L. CROWLEY
1880 South 12th Street

j4a^^ffUiZii:> FRAMING SQUARE

Stanley No. 5/^2 Hammer

Works with you...
^^ Makes work easier!

• Stanley has designed this nail hammer to
swing along with you, to get the job done
faster, easier. Drop forged head. Pre-shrunk,
straight grain hickory handle double wedged
in the head. Stanley Tools, 163 Elm St.,
New Britain, Conn.

THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD

[STANLEY"!)

Reg. U.S. Pol. Off.

HARDWARE HA^D TOOLS- ELECTRIC TOOLS

Net MOU
on Every Job

AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides

4vol$.*6

Inside Tradtt Informsllofl

for Catpenlcrs. Builders. Join-
ers. Building Mechanics and
all Woodworkers. These
Guides give you the ehort.cut
instructions that you want —
incljdin; new methods, idea*.

lolulio

Pli

. «ys

and

apprentice and student. K
practical daily helper and
Quirk Reference for Iho master
worker. Carpenters every.
where are usmg these Guides
as a Helping Hand to Easier
Work. Better Work and Bet-
ter Pay. To get this asaist-
ance lor yourself, simply hll

Inside Trade Information On: po.n tniow.

How to use the steel square — IIow to 61e and set
ean-9 — How to build furniture — How to use a
mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How to use
rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpenters
arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems — Ka-
timating strength of timbers — How to set girders
and sills — How to frame houiies and roofs — How to
estimate costs — How to build houses, bams, gar-
^.^ ages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw
--''^ plans — Drawing up specifications — How_ to ex-

cavate— How to use Bettings 12, 13 and 17 on tho
eteel square — How to build hoists and scaffolds —
skylights — How to build stairs— How to put on
interior trim — How to hanK doors — How to lath —
lay floors — How to psint
■ ■aaiiaaaaiaaaaaa«iana«t ■■■>■■>«■■ •■■•■■■■■■■■as.aaisaalliaassa

Model 70 is unusually light in weight . . . bevel AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.

cuts to 45 degrees . . . can be equipped for dado- Man Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides. 4 vols., on 7 days free
, ^. L » »-V A J trial. If OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until S6 is paid,

ing, grooving and cutting asbestos, tile, concrete and otherwise I wiU return them. No obUgation unless I am satisfied.

light gauge metals. Other capacities also available.

Name

Ask your Dealer or write Power Tool Division for

literature. Address -^_

MALL TOOL COMPANY

7751 South Chicago Avenue, Chicago, 19, Illinois

Occu-ation—

Employed by_

CAR

^if'

'^S^^jm SAW REALLY CUTS!

„^r^

<!)■■

"WAT'S AN

AWNS,

soy, AND
If ,/ THEY ALWAYS

CUT 600V."

c«w5 have been
ActooUy, Mkin^ Sa>.^ ^^^^^ ^„d
"cott\n9 good to ^^^.^g^_ ,00^

they cut l°"9^' .ee\" manutacturea
Atkins "S'>^«'.X„o\a,than scen-
onder a ^V^^fJ°L and tempered,
,,f„,ny heat-trea^«_^ , ^„,,„es
cWes teeth ^'^se " (^st and

'^°' "''':r:o?onsW«ied hands
*"^«' ■'" '^ liZ have other char-
Atkins Handsaws »^ ^„de ana

^^'^'■'^'''"roryears^afovoritesa-
kept ti^em, tor yea

orTong carpenters.

E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY

Indianapolis 9, Indiana

ATKINS

ATKINS »IW»YS AHSAD-

CARPENTER

FOUNDED 1881

Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

FEBRUARY, 1948

This Amazing
UPSON FASTENER

fan excAisrve \lp%ion feature)

r ;^<. !

It helps you do a better job!

At the first sharp blow of
your hammer, Fastener
prongs enter back of panel.
Second blow turns the
prongs, firmly clinching the
Fastener. Carrying capacity
of Upson Fasteners, applied
according to directions,
act\ially is 12^ times the
weight of the panels. Ask
your Ivimber dealer for Direc-
tion Sheets.

^ UPSON ;

'JPANELS^ '

of ituds and joists.

. TO RE-COVER CRACKED PLASTER=

NaU furring on 16' centers,
right over old plaster.

Clinch fasteners. See Direc-
tion Sheet for fimple method.

Nail Upson Fasteners to
furring strips, 8' apart.

Apply mouldings supplied
by your lumber dealer.

Easily Idenfified By the Famous BLUE Center

THE UPSON COMPANY, Lockport,New York

i\l Pacemaker in Crackproof Panels. 6 ply Strong Bilt — for new

I construction • 5 ply Kuver-Kralc — for re-covering cracked

plaster • 5 p/y Dubl-Thik Fibre Tile — for baths and kitchens • 4 ply Upson Board —
for general use • 3 ply Easy Curve Board — for displays and industrial uses.

'i always carry a

Says
Mr. Charles A. Fuller ^

"The Streamline is per-
fect for quick, accurate
measurements. It's my first
choice in steel tape rules."

Whether you are a home
hobbyist or professional me-
chanic, it pays to be accurate
. . . and you'll find Stream-
line's accuracy unquestion-
ed. Graduations on both
sides of blade and lever
brake for holding- reading
. . . inside-outside measure.

Ask your hardware or build-
ing supply dealer about the
Streamline today or use the
coupon to order yours.

RS<5. U.S-iPAT. OFF.

, MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC., Dept. E-2 [

I 201 Main Street, White Plains, N. Y. |

i Gentlemen: I enclose $2.00. Please send my Stream- i

line immediately. |

I NAME I

I ADDRESS I

I CITY STATE |

• This easy-reading GREENLEE HANDY
CALCULATOR swiftly solves your wood-
working problems. Jost set the dial: convert
linear feet to board feet; get slope per
foot in degrees; compare hardness, weights,
shrinkage, warping and working ease of
various woods. More, too: bit sizes for head,
body, thread of screws; nail specifications;
tool sharpening hints; protractor. 6" diam-
eter, fits your tool kit. Heavily varnished
cardboard. Special ofTer. Order now, send
10<{ (not stamps) in next mail. Greenlee
Tool Co., 2082 Columbia Ave., Rockford, III.

A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Merabers of all its Branches.

FRANK DUFFY, Editor

Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Micliigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Establi^h^^d in 1881
Vol. LXYIII — No. 2

ESDIAXAPOLIS, FEBRUAKY, 1948

One Dollar Per Tear
Ten Cents a Copy

— Co nt ent s —

The Call to Action

After consideration of the matter of anti-labor legislation, the General Executive
Board, at its last regular meeting, recommended participation in the American Federation
of Labor program for setting up "Labor^s League for Political Education," with the
further recommendation that Local Unions and District Councils offiliated with the Broth-
erhood take an active part in defeating and repealing any and all legislation inimical
to the best interests of organized workers.

Another Fallacy Exposed

Although the Taft-Hartley Act Is less than six months old, some very interesting ex-
periences are developing. Despite the obstacles to union shop set up In the act,
backers of union shop provisions in working agreements are v/inning in ninety-nine
elections out of a hundred being held by the NLRB.

General President Honored

President Truman names William L. Hutcheson member of Labor-Management Panel
which consists of six outstanding labor statesmen and six leading management repre-
sentatives of the nation.

Retired and Aged Workers

A recognized authority takes a look at the problem confronting the senior citizens
of our country and recommends some sound changes in our present setup.

• • •

OTHER DEPART3IEXTS

Plane Gossip
Official
^ Editorials

In Menioriaiu
Craft Problems -

10
15
16
26
27

Index to Advertisers -

Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limifecJ
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-two pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such 'ime as the paper situation improves, this will have to be our rule.

Entered July 22. 1915. at IXDIAXAPOLIS. IXD., as second class mail matter, under Act of

Congress. Aug. 24. 1912. Aceeptanc-e for mailing at special rate of postage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3. 1917, authorized on Julv 8. 1918.

•9^

■r'-

Enjoy the Economy of Quality

The saw most
. carpenters use

\>.;

DISSTON D-8 HANDSAW

Medium Weight, Skew Back

Made of the world famous
Disston saw steel. Stays sharp
longer, lasts longer, too. True
taper ground for faster, easier,
truer cutting. Perfect balance
carries force of thrust direct
to cutting edge. All stan-
dard lengths and points
... in cross-cut and rip.

Ask your Hardware Refailer

HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC.

204 Tacony, Philadelphia 35. Pa.. U.S.A.

LEARN TO ESTIMATE

If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.

If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office.

Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75
and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.

Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.

TAMBLYN SYSTEM

Johnson Building C14, Denever 2, Colorado

Important
NOTICE!

At present we are unable to produce
Lee (Union-Made) Carpenters' Over-
alls because :

We are unable to secure the
top quality, special 'woveii ma-
terial that goes into every pair
of Lee Carpenters' Overalls.

There are not enough skilled
operators available at present
to keep our five Lee factories
busy.

Lee Carpenters' Overalls will again be
available when we can obtain the
best quality material and when we
have sufficient skilled Union Opera-
tors to man the machines in the five
great Lee factories.

tee Is the Largest Manufacturer of
UNION-MADE Work Clothing in the World

THE H. D. LEE CO.

Kansas City, Mo. Minneapolis, Minn.
Trenton, N. J. Son Francisco, Cal.

South Bend, Ind. Salina, Kans.

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NEW YORK CHICAGO

THE CALL TO ACTION!

* •

IN LINE with the action taken by the October convention
of the American Federation of Labor estabHshing Labor's
League for PoUtical Education, the General Executive
Board, at its regular meeting last month, approved the prin-
ciples of concerted political education as the surest means of
preventing further usurpation of labor's legitimate rights by
anti-labor legislation. The Board devoted considerable time to
the question of anti-labor legislation. The program of the Amer-
ican Federation of Labor w^as discussed and digested thoroughly.
In the end, the minutes of the General Executive Board show
the following- action taken.

"The General President submitted to the General Ex-
ecutive Board the proposed program of the American
Federation of Labor for setting up Labor's League for
Political Education.

"After due consideration the Executive Board recom-
mends that we participate in the principles of the program,
and also recommends that Local Unions and District
Councils affiliated with the Brotherhood take an active
part in defeating and repealing any and all anti-labor
legislation.

"Local Unions and District Councils will be advised of
the procedure that will be followed by the International
organization regarding this program."

In accordance with the action of political action of any kind, the

the General Executive Board, a Na- United Brotherhood of Carpenters

tional Committee of the United Non-partisan Committee will be

Brotherhood of Carpenters and financed by voluntary contributions

Joiners of America, consisting of from members and friends of the

the General Officers, members of Brotherhood. All services will be

the General Executive Board, and rendered on a voluntary basis. Be-

the assistant to the General Secre- ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ p^^.

tary, has been established. This r ^, .^^ -n , _

•' . ... , , , srram of the committee will be com-

committee will be known as the , , , ^ ■, ^ n t i

«TT -^jo^ii-jr/^ J. pleted and presented to all L^ocal

United Brotherhood of Carpenters f:.. . t^. . , <^ r^ •,

Non-partisan Committee For the Unions, District and State Councils

Repeal and Defeat of Anti-labor ^^^ ^^^'^ cooperation and participa-

legislation." tion.

Since the Taft-Hartley Act pro- In the final analysis, the extent to

hibits the use of union funds for which the program succeeds will

THE CARPEXTER

depend in larg^e part on the support
which Councils and Local Unions
gfive it. Effective political action
must stem primarily from the grass-
roots— the congressional districts,
wards and even precincts. The Na-
tional Association of Manufactur-
ers, the Power Lobby, and other
basically anti-labor pressure groups
have long recognized this principle
and devoted much of their energies
toward trying to influence public
opinion on the local level. For its
own protection, organized labor
must follow suit.

Passage of the Taft-Hartley Act
vividly brings into focus the need
for American workers to organize
their political strength as effective-
ly as they have organized their eco-
nomic strength. All the legislative
gains made by labor in the last half
century are today in jeopardy.
There is hardly a state legislature
that has not during the past five
years mulled over from one to a
dozen anti-labor bills. There is
hardly a piece of legislation that is
beneficial to labor on the Federal
statute books but what is under at-
tack. The Taft-Hartley Act largely
nullified the Wagner Act. The
AVages and Hours Act is now fac-
ing the assaults of the vested inter-
ests. Tomorrow the Norris-LaGuar-
dia Act will feel the hammer blows
of organized attack from those
forces which want nothing less than
the complete enslavement of Amer-
ican workers.

The threat is real and the threat
is serious. That which was consti-
tutional, right and proper for labor
yesterday is to day unlawful and
illegal. Unless labor marshalls its
forces for an effective defense of
its rights the pendulum will swing
even farther toward reaction, and
the rights of today will become the

crimes of tomorrow. The forces
that want labor regimented, sub-
dued and thoroughly under the con-
trol of management exclusively are
well organized. They have their
puppets in Washington who re-
spond readily to the slightest pull
of the strings they hold in their
hands. Against that kind of oppo-
sition labor can compete success-
fully only by building up an even
more effective organization.

Through the United Brotherhood
of Carpenters Non-partisan Com-
mittee for the Repeal and Defeat of
Anti-labor Legislation, Local Un-
ions and District and State Coun-
cils and the members thereof will
have an opportunity to make their
collective political strength felt in
the proper places. They will have
an opportunity to express their
views on such pressing problems as
high prices, high taxes, health,
housing, monopoly growth and all
the other vital issues that dis-
turb the mind of the average work-
er. They will have an opportunity
to help build an America in which
fear and insecurity and exploitation
are unknown.

However, this is a program which
must have the backing of each indi-
vidual before it can succeed. When
it comes on the floor of your Local
Union you must be ready to do your
part. You must be ready and will-
ing to join hands with your fellow
workers for political organization
as wholeheartedly as you did to
build up an organization based on
economic strength. Goon squads and
spies and company stooges did not
stop American workers from build-
ing free, independent and voluntary
unions. Inactivity, apathy or dis-
interest must not allow politicians
to tear them to pieces by legislative
chicanery.

Another Fallacy Exposed

• •

ALTHOUGH THE Taft-Hartley Act has been in operation less than
six months, already some interesting statistics are developing.
At the time the measure was pending before Congress, proponents
of the bill waxed long and loud about the "emancipation" features con-
tained therein. In the newspapers and over the air waves they hailed their
pet bill as a sort of ]\Iagna Charta for the ordinary worker and union mem-
ber. Thev claimed that it would forever remove Joe Worker from the
"domination" and "tyranny" of the big, bad labor leaders whom they
termed "czars" and "Caesars."

Last August the bill became law.
By December the measure was hit-
ting its stride. Recently the Labor
Board released statistics covering
the business transacted during that
month. Contained therein are some
very interesting figures in light of
the kind of build up which pre-
ceded the railroading of the meas-
ure through Congress over the
President's veto.

During the month of December,
some 521 union-shop authorization
elections Avere conducted under the
auspices of the Board. Each was
based upon the consent of the par-
ties involved. In the 521 elections,
ninety per cent of the workers eli-
gible to vote did so. In national
presidential elections, total ballots
cast rarely exceed sixty to sixty-
five per cent of the total eligible
vote.

Now comes the interesting part:
out of the total of 521 elections, the
union shop received the support of
the majority of employes in 518
out of the '21. In other words,
workers voted in favor of a union
shop in better than ninety-nine per
cent of the elections. The results
are even more astounding when one
bears in mind that under procedures
set up by the Taft-Hartley Act the
union-shop must win a majority of
employes eligible to vote rather

than a straight majority of those
actually voting. Practically speak-
ing, this means that all eligible
votes not cast are automatically
counted as "no" votes. Under this
sort of voting, a candidate for the
presidency of the United States
would have to received somewhere
in the neighborhood of forty-two or
forty-three million votes, since there
are around eighty-four million eli-
gible voters in the nation. Yet in
the greatest landslide in recent his-
tory the successful candidate re-
ceived only something like twenty-
seven million votes.

In the 521 elections, some 72,878
valid ballots were cast. Ninety-
three per cent of them, or 67,752
were cast in favor of authorization
of a union-shop provision. In each
case the ballot offered workers the
choice of voting "yes" or "no" on
the following question: "Do you
wish to authorize the union named
below to enter into an agreement
with your employer which requires
membership in such union as a con-
dition of employment?" Signifi-
cantly, 332 of the elections were
won by aftiliates of the American
Federation of Labor.

Added together, all these things,
to our way of thinking, indicate
that about ninety-nine per cent of

THE C A R P E X T E R

American workers are strong not
only for unionism but for the union-
shop as well. Certainly there is
nothing in the experiences of the
Board to date to contradict this
contention. Despite the unfair re-
strictions set up by the Taft-Hartley
Act, despite ballots not actually cast
automatically falling into the "no"
category, ninety-nine per cent of
union-shop elections have resulted
in victories for union-shop provi-
sions.

To anyone close to the labor pic-
ture during recent years, these re-
sults are no surprise. To those who
know nothing about labor except
what appears in the newspapers and
comes out of the radio they may be
some^svhat startling. Certainly these
strongly pro-union results are at
variance ^?rith the kind of propa-
ganda Fulton Lewis, David Law-
rence and Westbrook Pegler have
long been peddling. Thanks to the
pernicious poison these columnists
and commentators have handed out
for years, the average citizen prob-
ably pictures the average union
member as a sort of pathetic Caspar
Milquetoast cringing before the
leaders of his union and paying
dues onh^ because his job depends
on it. A lot of Congressmen must
have fallen for the same sort of
propaganda or otherwise the Taft-
Hartley Act never viould have
found its way into the statute books.

The plain fact of the matter is
that American viorkers belong to
unions because they have found out
through bitter experience that un-
ionism represents the only sound
road to economic justice. Through
collective bargaining they have in-
creased their wages and bettered
their working conditions and estab-
lished a little bit of security and
continuity in their jobs. These are

the things they want to maintain,
and they know that there is no
possible wa}^ of maintaining them
except through membership in a
strong, democratic, efficient union.

Through the years they have also
learned that the union-shop repre-
sents the most effective way of
eliminating chiselers. free-riders,
deadbeats, bums, and company
stooges. Year in and year out they
have written union-shop clauses in-
to their agreements. When the Taft-
Hartle}" Act came along and threw
many obstacles into the pathw^ay of
securing a union-shop clause, the
workers merely tightened their
belts a little and went right on de-
manding such clauses.

But the anti-labor elements still
are not through trying to picture the
average union member as a brow-
beaten little gTiy paying dues under
protest, going out on strike against
his will, and belonging only because
it is mandator}- to belong. In the
past iev: years these fallacies have
been exposed one hj one, but the
Peglers and Lawrences and Lewis
keep right on peddling them just
the same.

When the War Labor Board
w-as in existence, union-shop con-
tracts were mostly written vidth es-
cape clauses. Workers w^ho did not
want to belong to unions could re-
sign \^-ithin a given time. Although
hundreds of these agreements were
written only a handful of workers
in all American industry" took ad-
vantage of the escape clauses. Cer-
tainly- that should have proved to
anyone's satisfaction that w-orkers
belong to unions because they want
to and because they knovi- that union
membership pays big dividends.

Under the impression that union
members are dominated b}^ their
leaders and forced to folloA^^ the

THE CARPENTER

dictates of these leaders whether
they will to do so or not, Congress
passed the Smith-Connally Act. The
reasoning behind the passage of the
Act was based on the great miscon-
ception that union members do only
what their leaders tell them to do.
The bright boys in Congress who
listened too much to Lewis and
Lawrence figured they had a cure-
all. Their logic went something like
this: union leaders are making
members go out on strike; if we
give the members a chance to vote
on strikes by secret ballot, there
will be no more strikes.

The Smith-Connally Act was
passed. Instead of decreasing the
number of strikes, the number in-
creased substantially under the Act.
The Act gave the men a chance to
express their sentiments and they
expressed them in no uncertain
terms — nine times out of ten in
favor of a strike when all other
methods failed. The government
soon found itself running a sort of
strike bureau so that eventually
Congress had to nullify the Act by
cutting out funds. If the Smith-
Connally Act should have proved
anything it is that union members
strike not because their leaders tell
them to but because they want eco-
nomic justice where none is forth-
coming through less drastic meth-
ods.

The great fallacy behind the pas-
sage of the Taft-Hartley Act was
the misconception that union-shop
clauses create union members rather
than that union members create
union-shop clauses. Those who lis-
tened to the peddlers of anti-union-
ism figured that if union members
were given an opportunity to vote
on whether or not they wanted
union-shop conditions, the bulk of
them would vote no. They passed

the Act and they put as many ob-
stacles as possible in the way of
securing a union shop. Now the re-
sults are showing that despite these
obstacles union members are voting
for union-shop by about loo to one.

But still the peddlers of anti-
unionism — probably working on
Hitler's theory that a lie repeated
often enough will eventually be-
come accepted as the truth — are
handing out the same old propa-
ganda about the czarism of union
leaders and the tyranny of unions.
They go on knocking labor and be-
smirching everything connected
with it. Despite the fact they have,
been proved wrong time after time
a lot of people still believe them.

The sooner everyone in the na-
tion realizes three things, the sooner
will any rough places in our pres-
ent industrial picture be ironed out.
These three things are :

1. Union members belong to un-
ions because they want to and
not because of any compul-
sion.

2. Union-shop clauses do not cre-
ate union members but rather
union members create union
shop conditions.

3. Strikes are not instituted by
union leaders but rather by
union members who fail to get
a square deal out of the em-
ployer by peaceful and less
costly methods.

Most of the bad legislation of
recent years has come about because
our representatives did not under-
stand these three things. By now
they certainly should be learning
that the propaganda of the anti-
unionists is based more on wishful
thinking and less on hard facts.

MORE TO COME

As labor predicted, the Labor Board
is beginning to bog down under the load
of business brought on by passage of
the Taft-Hartley Bill. If it is swamped
now, how will it handle the case load
that is sure to develop when present
contracts, signed before the law becanie
effective, begin to expire? To our way
of thinking, the Board is going to be
about like a certain conductor. One
day a woman with six kids got on his
train and the youngsters gave him so
much trouble that at the end of the
trip he was moved to remark: "Madame.
It's a wonder you don't leave half your
children home."

With a morose look the woman eyed
him and Quietly said: "I did."
• • •
QUITE RIGHT

A visitor at the Capitol was accom-
panied by his small son. The little boy
watched from the gallery when the
House came to order.

"Why did the minister pray for all
those men. Pop?"

"He didn't. He looked them over and
prayed for the country."

Step bach in the car, please.

OPTEVnSTIC HEXRY

Like the optimistic rookie who claim-
ed everybody else in the regiment was
out of step, Henry Wallace has an-
nounced his candidacy for president be-
cause everybody except he and Mous-
tache Joe is wrong. With the possible
exception of Moscow, this news was
greeted throughout the world with
something less than earth-shaking en-
thusiasm. However, Henry seems deter-
mined to go through with the idea. For
sheer optimism, the only person we can
think of in Wallace's class is the little
boy of a friend of ours.

When a sewing course was introduced
into little Tommie's class, he refused to
execute a single stitch, deeming the
exercise beneath the dignity of a nine-
year-old gentleman.

"George Washington sewed." pleaded
the teacher, "and he was a great man.
Do you consider yourself better than
George Washington?"

"T don't knoAv," reasoned Tommie;
"time will tell."

• • -A-

DOIXG HIS PART

Down in the Louisiana swampland
two boys were caught operating a big
moonshine still.

"We 'uns ain't moonshiners." pro-
tested one of the youngsters; "we air
jest a-tendin' this here still for Uncle
Sorky Peters.

"Why doesn't Peters run his own
still?" demanded the revenue officer.

"Oh, he air in town this week," ex-
plained the older boy: "'He's a-settln'
on the Grand .Jury."

• • • '
TRUTH COMES TO LIGHT

She: "You look very downcast."

He: "Yes, my wife has been away for
six weeks, and she's just come back."

She: "And does that make you so
unhappy?"

He: "'Well. I told her I spent all my
evenings at home — and today the light
bill came. It's for 5 0 cents."

THE CARPENTER

An excellent interpretation of both the
Spanish Fiesta and the meat shortage.

THE TRUTH OF IT

The Democrats are blaming the Re-
publicans, and the Republicans are
blaming the Democrats, and day after
day prices continue to go up. If Con-
gressmen devoted half the energy to
combating inflation that they are now
devoting to lambasting the opposition
for inflation, the nation might make
some progress. The verbal shadow-
boxing now going on in Congress brings
to mind one of our favorite stories,
which goes something like this:

In a certain mid-western court a man
was suing the local traction company for
injuries allegedly received in a street-
car accident. The truth of the matter
was that he had actually received his
bruises when his auto collided with a
telegraph-post. And this had happened
a full mile from the street-car line.

The plaintiff's witnesses swore to the
facts of the accident, and things were
going very nicely for him, when one
of their number was suddenly beset with
an attack of conscience and during a re-
cess repaired to the judge's chambers
and confessed to the frame-up.

The judge rushed back into the
courtroom with fire in his eye, deter-
mined to make an immediate public
revelation of the perjurers. But he was
brought up short in his resolution when
the traction company's attorney sudden-
ly produced three witnesses prepared to
swear that the plaintiff was drunk when
he boarded the street-car!

A WONDERFUIv VIEW

One of the large corporations — a
manufacturer of electrical equipment —
has announced a price rollback of some-
thing like three per cent on most of
its products. This is the company's "an-
swer" to inflation. Naturally the press
and radio gave it a big play. From the
way ,they handled the matter, one could
almost assume that the firm's action
had broken the back of inflation. (Inci-
dentally, the company probably got
three dollars worth of free advertising
for every dollar it cost to shave a few
cents from its prices.)

All in all, however, the whole thing
represents a step in the right direction.
The company deserves a genuine pat on
the back. Maybe if more firms followed
sviit the high cost of living could be
checked. But the newspapers' idea that
a small reduction in one particular line
of goods represents progress against in-
flation moves us to nothing more than
a tolerant smile.

Somehow or other the whole thing
brings to mind the guide who had a
novice mountain climber atop a five
thousand foot cliff.

"Be very careful not to fall here,
because its very dangerous," warned
the guide. "But if you do fall, remem-
ber to look to the left — you get a won-
derful view."

• • •
SURPRISE

The man was buying a fountain pen
for his son's graduation gift.

"It's to be a surprise, I suppose,"
said the clerk.

"I'll say it is," said the father. "He's
expecting a convertible coupe."

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THE3 CARPENTER

General President Honored

General President "William L. Hutcheson was signally honored recently
when he was named a member of the National Labor-Management Panel
by Harry S. Truman, President of the United States. One of the six out-
standing labor leaders of the nation elected to such office, General Presi-
dent Hutcheson will serve until December 18, 1949, while continuing to
carry on his duties as General President of the Brotherhood.

The National Labor-Management Panel was created as a part of the
Labor-Management Relations Act of 19 47 (Taft-Hartley Act). Its duties,
as outlined in Section 205, Paragraph B, of the Act are defined as follows:
"It shall be the duty of the panel, at the request of the Director, to
advise in the avoidance of Industrial controversies and the manner in
which mediation and voluntary adjustment shall be administered, particu-
larly with reference to the general welfare of the country." The panel
consists of twelve members, six representing management and six repre-
senting labor. Section 20 5, Paragraph A, of the Act provides for the panel
as follows: "There is hereby created a National Labor-Management Panel
which shall be composed of twelve members appointed by the President,
six of whom shall be selected from among persons outstanding in the field
of management and six of whom shall be selected from among persons
outstanding in the field of labor."

Few people in or out of labor opposed passage of the Taft-Hartley
Act as consistently and as thoroughly as did General President Hutcheson.
He made many trips to Washington to combat the legislation. He
appeared before several committees of both the House and Senate to
voice his objection. Passage of the Act did not change his views. He is
still as inexorably opposed to the Act and all other discriminatory legis-
lation as ever.

However, the Taft-Hartley Act is now law, and the law provides for
a National Labor-Management Panel, a body that will wield considerable
influence in labor relations. As one of the outstanding labor statesmen
of the day he has been appointed a panel member by the President. As
a duty not only to the United Brotherhood which he has served so long
and so faithfully but to the rest of organized labor as well, he has
accepted the responsibility of panel membership.

To the thousands upon thousands of union people who know him
best. General President Hutcheson's appointment is a source of real satis-
faction. They know his integrity and forthrightness. They know his
unwillingness to compromise a single union principle under any circum-
stances. They know his ability to fight for what is right and his deter-
mination in the face of pressure. They remember his single-handed fight
against Thurman Arnold and his anti-trust suits at a time when many less
courageous union leaders were voluntarily capitulating because of the
drastic penalties conviction could bring. They know that sound unionism
will have an unyielding champion on the panel.

On behalf of the entire membership of the Brotherhood and millions
of union men and women throughout the nation. The Carpenter extends
congratulations to President Hutcheson on his appointment and best
wishes for a happy and productive term in office.

T ir E C A K P E N T E K

^"SBp^,

WILLIAM L. HUTCHESON

As a climax to a long and dis-
tinguished career in the labor
movement, General President
William L. Hutcheson has been
appointed a member of the
twelve-man Labor-Management
Panel by President Harry S. Tru-
man. One of the six outstanding
labor statesmen of the nation
named to such a post, Brother
Hutcheson will serve until De-
cember 18, 1949, while continu-
ing to fulfill his duties as General
President of the Brotherhood.

'mnn.

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Retired and Aged M^orkers

* * *

AT A RECENT public hearing held in New York City by the State
Joint Legislative Committee of which Senator Thos. G. Desmond
of Newburgh is chairman on the question of "Retired and Aged
"W^orkers." Dr. Thos. G. Klumpp, President of the W'inthrop-Stearns, Inc.,
claimed that a "realistic but humane program to handle the fast-growing
number of individuals over 45 years of age is necessary."

He said in part:

"The whole problem is the ad-
justment of the number of available
workers to jobs; to attempt to strike
a balance by eliminating all work-
ers over a certain age is an unfair
penalty on age and experience.

"In a refined and delicate way it
is a perpetuation of the jungle law
of fang and claw, where the leaders
of the pack survive only until the
younger beasts grow fierce enough
to eliminate them. In modern civil-
ization we are less violent but in the
end the result is approximately the
same."

By 1980, there will be 60 million
individuals over 45 years of age in
this country, and 21 millions over
65. In fact, "the number of individ-
uals over 45 years of age in 1980
will exceed our present record em-
ployment of 60,000,000."

"We must not lose sight of the
fact that someone must support
those we retire into idleness. The
more workers we retire, and partic-
ularly if we should lower the retire-
ment age, the greater will be the
economic burden on those who con-
tinue to work."

The necessity for shorter work-

ing hours is an indispensable pre-
requisite for adjusting jobs to man-
power.

He called for expansion of volun-
tary retirement plans in which em-
ployer and employe share the cost,
and a system of transferring re-
tirement benefits without loss when
an employe changes jobs. For those
not covered by adequate retirement
programs, the present social secur-
ity benefits should be increased.

"Compared with the tax burden
of war and armaments, the cost of
these social advances is negligible.
Even this tax burden can be les-
sened by permitting capable and
willing older workers to continue
working, and finding more places
in industry and government for
those partially disabled.

"If we will employ one-fifth of
the 21 million people over 65 years
of age we will have by 1980, at an
average of $2500 per annum, it will
mean $10,500,000,000 they will earn
for themselves, and which load of
support will be taken off the should-
ers of other younger workers,
whether by taxes or direct contribu-
tions."

Official Information

General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS

of A3IERICA

General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Generai, President

WM. L. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First General Vice-President

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Secretary

FRANK DUFFY

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Second General Vice-President

JOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Treasurer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Executive Board

First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR.
Ill B. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y. •

Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bldg., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Third District. HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.

Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary

All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary

REGULAR MEETING OF GENERAL EXECUTIVE

BOARD

Carpenters' Home, Lakeland, Florida.
January 8, 1948.

Since the previous meeting of the General Executive Board the following
trade movements were acted upon:

October 2 3, 19 47

Asheville, N. C, L. U. 384.- — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37 ^/^
to $1.50 per hour, effective January 1, 19 48. Official sanction granted.

Sparta, 111., L. U. 479. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37% to
$1.60 per hour, effective December 10, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Railway, N. J., L. U. 537. — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.10 to
$2.50 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Enid, Okla., L. U. 763. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective December 10, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Hartford, Conn., L. U. 1941. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.30
to $1.40 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Temple, Texas, L. U. 1971. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37%
to $1.50 per hour, effective November 29, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Seaford, Del., L. U. 2012. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 1/2
to $1.87% per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Columbia, Miss., L. U. 2188.- — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective December 15, 1947. Official sanction granted.

(Continued on page 19)

Editorial

The Pause That Does Not Refresh

While 194S may still be in its swaddling clothes, it is alread}^ becoming
clear that this is going to be the year of decision for not only America
but for the whole civilized world as well. Starved and beaten Europe is
staving off complete chaos and collapse only b}^ the promise of moral and
material support from the United States. At home skyrocketing prices
and inflationary pressures are causing the entire economy to bulge at the
seams. If ever in its history the United States needed bold, fearless, self-
disciplined leadership and statesmanship, that time is right now.

Yet all indications are that Congress intends to pursue the same
wishy-v\ashy, opportunistic, ineffectual course it pursued last year. From
any standponit except that of bigger and better profits for business, the
1947 version of Congress Avas close to a total flop. Nothing Avas done to
stem the inexorable upward pressure of prices. Nothing was done
tOAvard implementing a sane, feasible, continuing program of aid to devas-
tated Europe. In fact the only matter on Avhich Congress shoAA^ed any
dispo.-ition to act concertedly Avas the matter of anti-labor legislation.

That Avorking people of this nation are not the only ones Avho are
alarmed over the state of aft"airs at present can be readih' ascertained from
CA^en a cursor}^ examination of ncAA'spapers and periodicals printed outside
of the United States. For example, in its JanuarA^ 14 issue, the Vancouver
B. C. Daily Province carried an editorial that pretty much hit the nail on
the button. Under the head "All The A\"orld A\'aits On U.S. Politics" it
said :

"By next Ncav Year Ave may know that the tragedy of 1948 AA^as the
fact that it AA'as the year of the U.S. presidential election, a A'ear in Avhich
the AA^orld's most poAA^erful nation paused in its job of world leadership

to play domestic politics.

"The session of Congress just opened is slated to be one of the busiest
and most crucial in U.S. history, but it is equally certain that the presi-
dential election at the end of the year Avill oA-ershadoAv almost eA^ery
moA-e. ,

"Canada, starA'ing and diA-ided Europe and AA'ar-torn China — in fact all
the AA^orld — aa^II haA^e to AA^ait on the postponements and delays synonymous

AAdth practical politics.

"Already it is indicated that a second 'stop-gap' bill may be needed to
help Europe because the ^Marshall plan may not be approved, AA'hateA-er
its form, before June and may not be A'oted on until after Congress
reconvenes in August, after both Republican and Democrat national con-
ventions haA'e had an opportunity to 'sample' party feelings.

THE CARPENTER 17

"The 522 million dollars Congress voted before adjournment of its spe-
cial session last month was intended to carry France, Italy and Austria
only to March 31, when the Marshall plan is supposed, theoretically, to
come into effect.

"Canada and other trading countries badly in need of U.S. dollars, as
well as hungry Europe, will be adversely affected if the Marshall plan
is delayed. And Communism will undoubtedly exploit the situation to the
full.

"Although U.S. labor is preparing to demand new wage boosts to keep
pace with steadily rising living costs, there is no likelihood that Congress
will attempt any wage or price control measures until after the presi-
dential elections. Continued inflation will both reduce the amount of
actual assistance offered by the Marshall plan and make the U.S. taxpayer
less amenable to the idea of paying for Europe's rehabilitation.

"The Republican majority in both Houses also is bent on a politically
popular policy of tax reduction, this despite President Truman's $39,-
669,000,000 "cold war" budget which reflects greater foreign aid and
national defense costs.

"These are some of the things that are making the man on the street,
in Canada and the United States, resigned to the belief that our big
neighbor is not really going to get down to the facts of life until after the
presidential election.

"All we can do is hope that the unpleasant facts of our times will wait
that long."

— — — — •

The Sad Plight of Mr. X

If high prices, high taxes, and decreasing purchasing power of the
dollar are interfering with your sleep, do not let them worry you into a
case of stomach ulcers. Even if the Mrs. has to do without those new
shoes she had her heart set on and Junior has to forego getting his teeth
fixed because the grocer and milkman get all the old pay check, do not
despair too much. It could all be much, much worse. For example you
might be making $25,000 a year instead of $2,800 or $3,000, and then you
would really know what suff'ering is. You can read all about it in the
January issue of Fortune Magazine. That wortlw publication takes the
cases of some seven families in the $25,000 per year class and in an article
that would wring tears from a statue outlines their struggles with priva-
tion and hardship.

Consider the case of Mr. X of Fort Worth who knocks down exactly
$25,000 per. Taxes nick him for $5,988 right off' the bat. That leaves him
a piddling $19,012 per year to struggle by on. Maybe $19,000 may sound
like a lot of money, but when you break it down, it is barely $365 per week.
If by now your tears have not made it impossible for you to read farther,
we will give you more details of his sad plight. For "pin money" he is
limited to a paltry $1,909 per year, and for "recreation" he only spends

18 THECARPENTER

S2.760 per year. By this you can easily realize that his shirt must always
be flapping open because he cannot afford pins, and undoubtedly he has
had to forego his weekly game of pool at the corner emporium because
obviously you cannot get much recreation on fifty-two or three dollars a
week.

But for all his hardships, Mr. X of Fort Worth is better off than Mr.
Y of Boston. ]Mr. Y makes $26,000 per year but he has been going into
the hole at the rate of $3,690 per year, whereas Mr. X has only gone into
the red by about Sioo, even though ]\Ir. Y has only bought $1,050 worth of

pins.

And so it goes. The Fortune article shows that it is just next to im-
possible to raise a family on $25,000 per year any more. Here are four
budgets on the income and outgo of four typical families in the $25,000

per year class :

Boston Seattle Ft. A\'orth Atlanta

Income $26,000 $25,000 $25,000 $28,458

Taxes 7,1Z^ 6,048 5.988 8,931

Food 3,600 3,000 2,085 4,043

Clothing 2,400 I '353 2,000 1,900

Home Operation 1,768 4,649 1-538 1,600

Servants 576 1,020 1,385 2,530

Automobiles 300 2,380 750 640

Medical Expense 300 750 350 300

Education 2.000 1,800

Contributions 1.200 300 631 i,359

Recreation 2,500 3,280 2,760 3, 112

Insurance 6,200 750 3,904 4,39^

Pinmoney 1-050 i,795 i,909 1,680

Total $29,690 $25,280 $25,100 $30,491

In the red by $ 3,6 go $ 280 $ 100 $ 2,03s

There you have it. So the next time the Little Lady begins beefing
about the old paycheck not being enough to make ends meet, just shove the
above figures under her nose. Show her how much worse oft' she could be
if she had to struggle along with a paltry $25,000 per. Ask her how she
would like having to scrimp along with not more than $1,795 a year for
pin money or $3,280 for recreation purposes. That ought to take most of
the wind out of her sails.

That the people in the $25.00 per year bracket have been hard hit cannot
be denied. A\'hat was practicalh' a princely income in 1940 has shrunk
to something considerably less in recent years. But it is pretty hard for
people in the $2,800 or $3,000 bracket to work up much sympathy for them
in view of the Department of Labor survey which shows it takes better
than $3,000 a year to keep a family of four living on a very modest
workingf-class standard.

THE CARPENTER 19

(Continued from page IS)

Wrangell, Alaska, L. U. 2362. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective October 23, 1947. Official sanction granted.

October 31, 1947

Kewanee, 111., L. U. 154. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 14
to $1,871/2 per hour, effective December 21, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Poison, Mont., L. U. 670. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.60 to
$1.75 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Pontiac, 111., L. U. 728. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to
$1.90 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Frankfort, Ind., L. U. 1465. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.60
to $1.85 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Atchison, Kan., L. U. 1980. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Lakeland, Fla., L. U. 2217. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37l^
to $1.75 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

November 10, 1947

Perth Amboy, N. J., L. U. 6 5. — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.10
to $2.50 per hour, effective February 1, 1948 Official sanction granted.

Texarkana, Texas, L. U. 379. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective December 23, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Beardstown, 111., L. U. 741. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37^
to $1.62% per hour, effective November 10, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Poplar Bluff, Mo., L. U. 1049. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.37% to $1.75 per hour, effective January 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Thermopolis, Wyo., L. U. 1241. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective November 10, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Brownsville, Texas, L. U. 1316. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective January 10, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Jonesboro, Ark., L. U. 1440. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 (commercial) $1.37% (residential) per hour, effective February 1, 1948.
Official sanction granted, without financial aid.

Monroe, La., L. U. 1811. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Henryetta, Okla., L. U. 1943. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective January 3, 1948. Official sanction granted.

El Dorado, Kan., L. U. 2278. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.25 to $1.62% per hour, effective November 10, 1947. Official sanction granted.

November 20, 1947.

Norfolk, Va., L. U. 3 31. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1 75 per hour, effective January 1, 19 48. Official sanction granted.

Mattoon, 111., L. U. 347. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective January 16, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Saratoga Springs, N. Y., L. U. 1015. — Movement for an increase in wages
from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective February 1, 1948. Official sanction granted,
without financial aid

El Reno, Okla., L. U. 1431. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.52%
to $1.80 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

December 3, 1947
Paris, 111., L. U. 2040. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $2.00

per hour, effective February 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Tiffin, Ohio, L. U. 243. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.58 to

$1.80 per hour, effective December 1, 1947. Official sanction granted.

20 THECARPENTER

El Paso, Texas, L. U. 425. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 i/^
to $1.87% per hour, effective February 1, 1948. OflBcial sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Marion, 111., L. U. 508. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective February 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Elwood, Ind., L. U. 652. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.65 per hour, effective January 17, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Sullivan, Ind., L. U. 70 6. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to
$1.50 per hour, effective December 14, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Rome, N. Y., L. U. 1016. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87 ^/^ to
$2.00 per hour, effective January 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

S. Pittsburg, Tenn., L. U. 1608. — Movement for an increase in wages from
?1.50 to $1,721/^ per hour, effective December 3, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Liberal, Kan., L. U. 1724. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.87% per hour, effective December 1, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Lubbock, Texas, L. U. 188 4. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62%
to $1.87% per hour, effective February 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Frederick, Okla., L. U. 1893. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective January 3, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Greensboro, N. C, L. U. 2230.- — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1,37% to $1.50 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Fort Myers, Fla., L. U. 2261. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective February 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

December 17, 1947

Portsmouth, Ohio, L. U. 437. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 19 48. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Taylorville, 111., L. U. 748. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62%
to $1.75 per hour, effective February 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Wichita Falls, Texas, L. U. 9 77. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.75 to $1.87% per hour, effective February 3, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Overton, Texas, L. U. 1327. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37%
to $1.75 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Athens, Ohio, L. U. 1720. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Gladewater, Texas, L. U. 1775. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Oberlin, Ohio, L. U. 1968. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87%
to $2.00 per hour, effective February 13, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Green River, Wyo., L. U. 2025. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective January 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Odessa, Texas, L. U. 2206. — Movement for an increase in Avages from $1.62%
to $1,87% per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Cornwall, Ont., Can., L. U. 2307. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.10 to $1.25 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, with-
out financial aid.

Springfield, 111., D. U. 16. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.8 7%
to $2.25 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Portsmouth, Va., L. U. 303. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective February 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Prairie du Chien, "Wise, L. U. 39 4. — Movement for an increase in wages
from $1.40 to $1.50 per hour, effective February 1, 1948. Official sanction granted,
without financial aid.

THE CARPENTER 21

San Angelo, Texas, L. U. 411. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ogden, Utah, L. U. 450. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 1/2 to
$2.00 per hour, effective January 2, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Mt. Morris, N. Y., L. U. 662. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $1.91 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Sterling, 111., L. U. 695. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Laconia. N. H., L. U. 12 47.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37^/2
to $1.50 per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ballston Spa, N. Y., L. U. 13 21. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.30 to $1.65 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Kingsville, Texas, L. U. 16 6 6. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Melbourne, Fla.. L. U. 1685. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective December 23, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Paris, Texas, L. U. 1885. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to
$1.6214 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Anna, 111., L. U. 2010. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37 1,2 to
$1.62% per hour, effective January 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Council Bluffs, Iowa, L. U. 3 64. — ^Movement for an increase in wages from
$1,621/2 to $1.90 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Camden, Ark., L. U. 529. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective March 5, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Mt. Vernon, 111., L. U. 999. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective December 31, 1947. Official sanction granted.

Delaware, Ohio, L. U. 128 7.- — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62%
to $1.75 per hour, effective February 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

New Bedford, Mass., L. U. 1416. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.65 to $1.85 per hour, effective January 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Albany, Ga., L. U. 2171. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37%
to $1.50 per hour, effective December 31, 1947. Official sanction granted.

January 2. 1948
Freeport, 111., L. U. 719. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.6 2%
to $1.90 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Biloxi, Miss., L. U. 166 7. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective January 2, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Benld & Gillespie, 111., L. U. 1769. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.85 per hour, effective January 18, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Carpenters' Home, Lakeland. Florida
January S. 19 48

The General Executive Board met in regular session at Carpenters' Home,
Lakeland, Florida, on the above date.

The Report of the Delegates to the Sixty-Second Annual Convention of the
Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, held in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in
September, 19 4 7, was filed for future reference, as it has been published in the
December, 19 47 issue of "The Carpenter" for the information of our members.

Report of the Delegates to the Fortieth Annual Convention of the Building
and Construction Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor, held
in San Francisco, California, in October, 1947, was filed for future reference as
it has already been published in the December, 1947 issue of "The Carpenter"
for the information of our members.

Report of the Delegates to the Sixty-Sixth Annual Convention of the American
Federation of Labor held in San Francisco, California, in October, 1947, was

22 THECARPEXTER

filed for future reference as it has already been published in the December, 1947
issue of "The Carpenter" for the information of our members.

Report of the Delegates to the Thirty-Ninth Annual Convention of the Union
Label Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor, held in San Fran-
cisco, California, in October, 1947, was filed for future reference as it has been
published in the January, 19 4 8 issue of "The Carpenter" for the information of
our members.

Notification from the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada with reference to
increase in per capita from the present 1% cents per member per month to 2i/4
cents per member per month, effective January 1, 1948.

Also notification from American Federation of Labor concerning the change
in rate of per capita tax to 3 cents per member per month, effective January, 1948,
in accordance with action taken by 66th Annual Convention held in San Francisco
was received and the Board ordered compliance therewith.

Local Union 525, Coshocton, Ohio, requests the Board to increase the present
pension twenty per cent. The Board decided to Inform Local Union 525 that it
has no authority to do so.

Renewal of Public Liability Insurance on General Office Building, 222 E.
Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, for one year ending October 12, 1948,
through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Mary-
land was referred to our Legal Department.

Renewal of Workmens' Compensation covering General Representatives in the
States of Oregon and Washington through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty
Company of Baltimore, Maryland for one year ending October 12, 1948, was
referred to our Legal Department.

Renewal of Workmens' Compensation covering employees of General Office at
222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, and employees of the Printing Plant
at 516 Hudson Street, Indianapolis, Indiana, as well as General Representatives,
through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Maryland,
for one year ending October 12, 1948, was referred to our Legal Department.

Renewal of Public Liability Insurance on Printing Plant, 516 Hudson Street,
Indianapolis, Indiana, for one year ending October 12, 1948, through the United
States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Maryland, was referred to
our Legal Department.

Renewal of Public Liability Insurance on property owned by the Brotherhood
at Headquarters, known as 523-525 North Delaware Street, Indianapolis, Indiana,
for one year ending October 15, 19 48, through the United States Fidelity and
Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Maryland, was referred to our Legal Department.

The General President called the Board's attention to the revised application
for membership, which is in accordance with action taken by the Board at a
previous session. The Board instructs Local Unions to return their unused appli-
cations which will be replaced with the revised applications without cost.

The General President appointed the following Committee to inspect the rooms
of the Home:

FRANK DUFFY
S. P. MEADOWS
ARTHUR MARTEL

He also appointed the following Committee on the inspection of Mocks and
supplies:

M. A. HUTCHESON
HARRY SCHWARZER
R. E. ROBERTS

Balance of the members of the Board to audit the books and accounts of the
Home.

Audit of books and accounts of the Home commenced.

January 9, 1948

Correspondence from Seventh-Day Adventists Council on Industrial Relations
as to their denominational teachings regarding the relationship of their members

THE CARPENTER 23

to organized labor, and requesting our cooperation. The General Executive Board
decided that there was no real reason for complying with their request inasmuch
as the laws, rules and regulations of the Brotherhood in no way interfere with
their members carrying out their religious beliefs — especially in these days when
we have established the five-day week. The General President to reply accord-
ingly.

In a previous session of the Board, due consideration was given to the Metro-
politan District Council of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, appointing a Committee in
connection with erecting a memorial to P. J. McGuire — promoted by a publicity and
advertising agency, in which the Board did not concur. The General President
called the Board's attention to a letter, advising that the Metropolitan District
Council of Carpenters has withdrawn its delegates and likewise withdrawn as
sponsors of the P. J. McGuire Memorial Committee. Same was filed for future
reference.

On the purported appeal submitted to the General Executive Board signed by
Michael O'Grady, a member of Local Union 608, New York City, purporting to be
an appeal against the action of the New York District Council in reference to
their action taken on the recommendations of the Trial Committee that heard the
charges which were filed against Michael O'Grady; further alleging to appeal
against the action of the District Council in concurring in the aforementioned
recommendations, and further alleging to appeal from the decision of the General.
President of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America for
not accepting a communication that was received at the General Office July 9,
19 47 from Michael O'Grady, that did not conform to the procedure as set forth
in the General Constitution governing appeals, and which the record shows
Michael O'Grady was notified to that effect July 31, 1947 in which communication
he was notified that Section 5 7 of the General Constitution provides that an
appeal must be filed within thirty days of the action complained of, and his com-
munication, which was received July 9, 19 47, did not conform to that provision.
Furthermore the document that he submitted was not made out in the form of
an appeal as provided for in the General Constitution and that when a member
appeals he must be governed by the provisions of that Section. It is further
shown by his communication of November 21, 1947, addressed to the General
Executive Board, that said communication does not conform to the provisions of
the General Constitution in reference to appeals.

Therefore the General Executive Board cannot consider the communication as
an appeal and dismissed same.

It has come to the attention of the General Executive Board that many of our
Local Unions throughout the jurisdiction of the Brotherhood have accepted to
honorary membership applicants who have never worked at any branch of the
trade, and who, by no stretch of imagination are qualified for membership as per
the qualifications set forth in the General Constitution, and therefore, the Board
goes on record as declaring that no applicant can be admitted as a member unless
he can qualify as being competent to work at some branch of the trade.

Appeal of William Lesko of Local Union 490, Passaic, N. J., to the General
Executive Board from the decision of the General President in the case of
William Lesko versus the Essex County and Vicinity District Council wherein
the General President sustained the action of the Essex County and Vicinity Dis-
trict Council and dismissed the appeal, after giving careful consideration to this
case the decision of the General President was sustained.

The appeal of S. J. Coder of Local Union 3 74, Buffalo, N. Y., to the General
Executive Board against the decision rendered by the General President under
date of February 28, 1947 cannot be considered for the reason that the General
Constitution sets forth than an appeal must be taken within thirty days from
the date of grievance complained of, and inasmuch as the decision was rendered
February 28, 19 47 and the appeal not taken until the date of September 25, 1947.
does not comply with the provisions of the General Constitution and, therefore,
cannot be considered by the Board.

24 THECARPEXTER

January 10, 1948
Lake Charles, La., Local Union 9 5 3. — Movement for an increase in wages from

$1.75 to $2.00 per hour (Carpenters), $1.75 to $2.00 (Millwrights) effective

April 10, 1948. OfRcial sanction granted without financial aid.

Norman, Okla., Local Union 1063. — Movement for an increase in wages from

$1.55 to $1.75 per hour, effective February 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.
Corinth, Miss., Local Union 2352. — Movement for an increase in wages from

$1.25 to $1.50 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

January 12, 1948

Brothers Joe O'Sullivan and Dave Ryan, President and Secretary respectively
of the Bay Counties District Council of Carpenters, San Francisco, California,
appeared before the General Executive Board upon invitation of the Board to
confer in reference to method and procedure to follow in order to enforce their
Local By-Laws and Trade Rules.

Cleburne, Texas, Local Union 923. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective March 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Murphysboro, 111., Local Union 604. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective March 12, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Harlingen, Texas, Local Union 2190. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective March 7, 1948. Official sanction granted.

New Iberia, La., Local Union 2269. — Movement for an increase in wages
from $1.25 to $1.50 per hour, effective March 5, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Meadville, Pa., Local Union 556. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.75 to $2.25 per hour, effective February 14, 1948. Official sanction granted.

January 13, 19 48

Audit of books and accounts continued.

January 14, 19 48

Appeal of Local Union 735, Mansfield, Ohio, from the decision of the General
Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Mrs. Ho Berry, wife of Brother
Harry R. Berry, a member of said Local Union was referred back to the General
Treasurer for further consideration.

Appeal of Local Union 2087, Crystal Lake, Illinois, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Mrs. Otilla Bieber, wife of
Geo. C. Bieber, a member of said Local Union, for the reason that Brother Bieber
was out of benefit standing at the time of her death, was carefully considered. The
decision of the General Treasurer was sustained and appeal dismissed.

Appeal of Local Union 178 2, Newark, New Jersey, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late Sam
Mindlin, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at the time of death,
was carefully considered. The decision of the General Treasurer was sustained and
the appeal dismissed.

Appeal of Local Union 3 5 6, Marietta, Ohio, from the decision of the General
Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late Harry O.
Hackman, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at the time of death,
was carefully considered. The decision of the General Treasurer was sustained
and the appeal dismissed.

Appeal of Local Union 9 04, Jacksonville, Illinois, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late
Charles Walihan, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at the time
of death, was carefully considered. The decision of the General Treasurer was
sustained and the appeal dismissed.

Appeal of Local Union 1588, Sydney, N. S., Canada, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the Death Claim of William MacAdam, a
former member of said Local Union, was carefully considered, after which the
decision of the General Treasurer was sustained on grounds set forth therein and
the appeal was dismissed.

Audit of books and accounts completed and found correct.

THE CARPENTER 25

January 15, 1948
The General President appointed a sub-committee of the General Executive
Board, consisting of First Vice-President, M. A. Hutcheson, Board Member John-
son of the First District and Board Member Kelly of the Second District to con-
sider the case of Local Union 101, Baltimore, Maryland and Local Union 1126,
Annapolis, Maryland, regarding the question of jurisdiction. The Committee
recommended:

"That a hearing be held by the sub-committee of the General
Executive Board, giving all parties an opportunity to be heard re-
garding the subject."

The recommendation was unanimously concurred in by the Board.

The same Committee had referred to it for consideration the protest of Local
Union 537, Rahway, New Jersey, regardinng the matter of consolidation, and
recommended the following:

"That the special report of Representative O. Wm. Blaier to the
General President on September 5, 1947 be approved and that Local
Union 53 7, Rahway, New Jersey consolidate with Local Union 715,
Elizabeth, New Jersey, and that the territory previously, and now
under the jurisdiction of Local Union 537 be governed by Local
Union 715, Elizabeth, New Jersey."

The recommendation was concurred in unanimously by the Board.

Gadsden, Ala., Local Union 1371. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective January 10, 1948. Official sanction granted.

North Hampton, N. H., Local Union 1652. — Movement for an increase in
wages from $1.37 1/^ to $1.50 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction
granted.

Fostoria, Ohio, Local Union 1766. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.80 to $2.30 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Local Unions Nos. 905, Freeland, Pennsylvania and 1439, McAdoo, Pennsyl-
vania were directed by the General President on August 26, 1947 to confine their
activities to their own immediate jurisdiction as the Middle Anthracite District
Council no longer exists and to discontinue infringing upon the jurisdiction of
Local Union 129, Hazelton, Pennsylvania and the Wyoming Valley District
Council, but as they have not done so, the General Executive Board herewith
instructs these Local Unions to comply with the orders of the General President
without further delay and so notify the General Office, otherwise further action
will be taken.

The General President submitted to the General Executive Board the pro-
posed program of the American Federation of Labor for setting up Labor's League
for Political Education.

After due consideration the Executive Board recommends that we participate
in the priciples of the program, and also recommends that Local Unions and Dis-
trict Councils affiliated with the Brotherhood take an active part in defeating
and repealing any and all anti-labor legislation.

Local Unions and District Councils will be advised of the procedure that will
be followed by the International organization regarding this program.

There being no further business to be acted upon the Board adjourned to
meet at the call of the Chairman.

Respectfully submitted,

FRANK DUFFY, Secretary.

NEW CHARTERS ISSUED

3081 Ukiah, Oregon 30 8 3 Grants, New Mex.

2431 Sumter, S. C. 2432 Park Palls, Wis.

Jin ^itntttvxntn

Xot lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,

Xot dead, just gone before; And will forever more

!H^si in l^txttt

The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.

Brother CECIL O. ALLEN, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio

Brother W. C. APPLEWTHITE, Local No 1622, Hay ward, Calif.

Brother JOSEPH BALLOU, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother O. BERKEY, Local No. 430, Wilkinsburg, Pa.

Brother JOHN C. BLAIR, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, California

Brother FRANK BOSSI, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother \VM. H. BRADT, Local No. 210, Stamford, Conn.

Brother FRED CANNADY, Local No. 61, Kansas City, Mo.

Brother DAVID CHELLMAN, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Brother J. C. CLIFTON, Local No. 2079, Houston, Texas

Brother WALTER COFFEE, Local No. 1622, Hay ward, Calif.

Brother ANDREW CRISPIN, Jr., Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.

Brother J. J. CUSHMAN, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, California

Brother FREDERICK DeBAUN, Local No. 964, Suffem, N. Y.

Brother AUGUST DeGREGORY, Local No. 871, Battle Creek, Mich.

Brother HUGH DRUMMOND, Local No. 1373, Flint, Mich.

Brother GEORGE DUSENBERRY, Local No. 301, Newburgh, N. Y.

Brother RALPH DUTTER, Local No. 514, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.

Brother WILLIAM FREDERICKS, Local No. 964, Suffem, N. Y.

Brother EUGENE GILKERSON. Local No. 44, Champaign-Urbana, IlL

Brother M. O. GOEBEL, Local No. 61, Kansas City, Mo.

Brother EDWARD GRIMSHAW, Local No. 1305, Fall River, Mass.

Brother EDWARD GROSSCURTH, Local No. 3, Wheeling, W. Va.

Brother LEWIS H. HAWKINS, Local No. 198, Dallas, Texas

Brother WILLIAM H. HEAD, Local No. 343, Winnipeg, Man. Canada

Brother E. T. HEARRELL, Local No. 1671, KiLgore, Texas

Brother ROBERT IRELAND, Local No. 2163, New York, N. Y.

Brother OLE L. JORGENSEN, Local No. 513, Port Albemi, B. C. Cam.

Brother FRANK M. KNAUF, Local No. 1209, Newark, N. J.

Brother B. KOELLE, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.

Brother WILLIAM B. KOHL, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.

Brother HERMAN KUNZ, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio

Brother LaVERN LaGORE, Local No. 871, Battle Creek, Mich.

Brother WILLIAM LEE, Local No. 16, Springfield, 111.

Brother LLOYD LOWERY, Local No. 871, Battle Creek, Mich.

Brother HUGH MacLENNON, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother JOHN J. McCARTY, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio

Brother EDWARD McFARLAND, Local .No. 430, Wilkinsburg, Pa,

Brother JOSEPH McINNIS, Local No. 67, Roxbur>-, Mass.

Brother JOHN T. McMULLEN, Local No. 1373, Flint, xMich.

Brother ANTON MEDITZ, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Brother GEORGE MESSICK, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio

Brother FRANK MILLER. Local No. 61, Kansas City, Mo.

Brother ALBERT E. MOORE, Local No. 67, Roxbur>-, Mass.

Brother GEORGE C. MORRILL, Local No. 40. Boston, Mass.

Brother RAYMOND PAYSUER, Local No. 1169, Gastonia, N. C.

Brother J. N. PERRY, Local No. 1622, Hayward, Calif.

Brother JOHN PINCH, Local No. 176, Newport, R. I.

Brother ABBE P. RAY, Local No. 1723, Columbus, Ga.

Brother FRED SARRUP, Local No. 188, Yonkers, N. Y.

Brother HARRY LEE SAWYER, Local No. 1324, Rochester, N. H.

Brother GEORGE SCOTT, Local No. 964, Suffem, N. Y.

Brother ARCHIE SIMPSON, Local No. 1665, Alexandria, Va.

Brother TITUS STUDT, Local No. 333, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Brother WILLIAM P. SWEENEY, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother C. E. THOMPSON, Local No. 61, Kansas City, Mo.

Brother DANIEL TIDLUND, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, California

Brother W. A. TOVrXE, Local No. 1622, Hayward, Calif.

Brother CARL L. VANCE, Local No. 61, Kansas City, Mo.

Brother WILLIAM WALKINGTON, Local No. 44, Champaign-Urbana, 111.

Brother WILLIAM WALTERS, Local No. 2287, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Brother STANLEY WASIURA, Local No. 824, Muskegon, Mich. ,

Brother GEORGE WHITE, Local No. 200, Columbus, Ohio

Brother THEODORE WINKLER, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Brother GEORGE P. YELTON, Local No. 61, Kansas Citv, Mo.

Brother L. A. ZUMSTEG, Local No. 1622, Hayward, Calif.

Craft ProblQms

Carpentry

LESSON 233
By H. H. Siegele

There are so many different kinds of
wrecking bars in use that it would
be difficult to present them all. How-
ever, all of them are to a great extent
based on the same principle. Besides
that, the wrecking bar is called by dif-
ferent names. Originally it was the
crowbar with a chisel point, bent

Fig. 1

enough to give it leverage. The crowbar
is also called pinch bar. The pinch bar,
so far as carpenter's tools are concerned,
originally was a light straight bar with
a chisel point slightly bent. Later this
bar was made with claws on one end
for pulling nails, but it was still a
straight bar. Then came the wrecking
bar with a slightly bent chisel point on
one end and a hook with claws on it
for pulling nails, on the other end.
This is the bar that is used now by
carpenters and by wreckers, rather than

Fig. 2

the straight pinch bar. This bar is
also called, gooseneck bar, ripping bar,
and frequently, pinch bar.

Fig. 1 shows the gooseneck wrecking
bar at the top and the straight pinch

bar at the bottom. For packing in a
tool case the straight bar has advan-
tages over the gooseneck bar, but for
giving service the bar shown by the
upper drawing is a leader.

Fig. 3

One of the things that the gooseneck
bar is used for is shown in Fig. 2. Here
we show 3 floor joists that originally
were not setting in an upright position,
which is often found when the joist
material is ih a wind. At A we show
a joist that has been brought to an
upright position and is being held in
place with a nail and tie board. The
dotted lines show the original position.
At B we show how the gooseneck bar
is used in bringing the joist to the

Fig. 4

right position. • The dotted lines give
the starting point. The two arrows show
how the bar is pulled in order to bring
the joist to the upright position. At C is
shown a joist that is yet to be straight-
ened out. The dotted lines indicate the
right position.

Fig. 3 shows how to use the goose-
neck for twisting a 2x4 in order to re-
move it from its position, or to adjust it.
The arrow shows how the bar is pulled
when the twisting is done.

Fig. 4, the upper drawing, shows a
wrecking bar that has advantages and
disadvantages over the gooseneck bar.

THE CARPENTER

TWO AIDS FOR SPEED AND ACCURACY

M^ONPCAN

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"TheFPi-l^UNG SQU.AJ^E" (Cliart)

Explains tables on framing squares. Shows hew
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15 sides, and cut its mitres; read board feet rafter
and braee tables, cctagsn scale. Gives other '.alu-
able informiation. Also includes Starting Key and
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into degrees and minutes. Every carpenter should
have this chart. Now printed :n b;tri sides, malues about
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SLIDE CAIXrCLATOR for Rafters

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MASON ENGINEERING SERVICE

2103 N. Eurdick St., Dept. 2, Kalamazoo 81, Mith.

To the left i= .sho^n a sort of sectional
view. The teeth in the hook should be
of good steel In order to give satisfac-
tory results. When these teeth are
sharp the bar gives excellent service for
removing pipe and so forth. The bar is
especially suitable for taking up floor-
ing. It should be stated here, that I
am not specifying any particular length
or size, for those things necessarily must

be determined by the workman who has
the bar made, or is buying it.

The bottom drawing In Fig. 4, shows
a face view of what is called a clap-
board chisel. The flat point is bent about
on the order of the point of a wrecking
bar. This chisel is suitable for prying
loose light moldings, siding boards, and
so forth. The wide point, if the chisel is

Save your wrist . . . use your weight

• J.Iake screw
driving easy as nail
dri\ing. With a '"Yankee",
the spiral drives and draws, using
your weight instead of your muscle.
Three sizes, each with 3 different size
bits. For faster action and for one-hand
driving in narrow places, the 130A
'"Yankee"' with the quick-return spring.
Write for the "YANKEE" Tool Book

and a

"YANKEE"

SPIRAL
SCREW DRIVER

[STANLEY]

V. NORTH BROS. MFG. CO., Philadelphia 33, Pa.

STEEL SQUARE

Completely Revised

HAND
BOOK

This coacise and handy little book illustrates and deseribes the best methods of usine
the eaipaiter's steel sqnaie in laying out all kinds of earpentry wotfe. It is easy to
understand as a pietore at the sonare laying directly on Qie woik shot^ exactly bow the
Tarions cots are made. Its eompaet and handy size makes it etmTQuent to carry in the
pocket for qui^ reference.

Pestpafd. Maney back guarantee if Dot entirely satisfied

'•For ready referenee carry

this convenient 50 page
tciket size (iiXSi) guide
to ijur job."

SEND SI.. 50 CHECK OR
MOXEY ORDER

D. A. ROGERS ^

5344 Clintcn Avenue Eu

Minneapolis 9, Minn.

Prac-ic

Euies

jv zivin. msil jOOT Carpenters
fcr Laving Out Work.

Address.-

State-

used carefully, prevents marring- the
material.

Fig. 5 shows the bar shown in Fig. 4,

Fig. 5

used as a pipe wrench. The arrows in-
dicate how the workman pulls the bar.

Stripping Cfi/iel''^'^
Fig. 6

The upper drawing of Fig. 6 shows
a double claw bar, which gives excellent

Fig. 7

service for pulling nails and the like.
The bottom drawing shows a face view

H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS

QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac-
tical building problems, has 252 p. and 670 il. $2.50.

ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 11. Root framing
complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.00.

BUILDING.— Has 210 p. and 495 11.. covering form
building, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.

CARPENTRY.— Has 302 p., 754 11., covering general
house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.

BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p.
670 11., and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.

The above five books support one another.

TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.

PUSHING BUTTONS.— Illustrated prose. Only $1.00.

FREE. — With 2 books, one $1.00 book free, with
4 books, two, and with 5 books, three. Books auto-
graphed.
C.O.D. orders will have postage and C.O.D. fee added.

today.

H. H. SIEGELE \

mporia, Kansas

NOW! aft^42^fM42ii>

FRAMING SQUARE

SOLVES All
fRAtMHG PROBLEMS
INSTANTLY! '

C?ENLARGEO
SECTION
Rafter Table

AJAa you need to KNOAV is WIDTH
OF BUILDING AND PITCH OF ROOF

Now one tool solves all roof framing
problems. No more bulky squares,
rafter tables, slide rules and other ex-
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Sharp's Automatic Framing Square
does it all. Just set tool to pitch of
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problem and provides direct marking
guide for all cuts. Gives exact figures
for length of rafters. Cuts given in
square readings and in degrees for
power saw work. Opens to 9 0-deg.
angle.

One Setting gives you the marking
for both Plumb Cut and Mitre Cut

Blade gives

marking for

Plumb Cut of

Common and

Hip Rafter.

Bevel Bar

automotically

adjusts itself

for all

Mitre Cuts on

Hip, Valley

or Jack Rafters.

A sturdy, all-metal tool that folds up into
one compact unit ... 1 foot long, 2 inches
wide. Fits in poclset easily. No sharp corn-
ers to catch on clothing.

GUARANTEE : If you are not completely
satisfied with Sharp's Automatic Framing
Square, return the tool within 30 days and
your money will be refunded.

Prepaid

*12«5

UOYD I. CROWLEY

1880 South 12th Street

Salem, Oregon
Manufacturer and Distributor

/fu^^^,ui2ii> FRAMING SQUARE

THE CARPEXTER

of a stripping chisel, which is also
called a ripping chisel. The flat point is
bent on the order of a pinch bar point.

Fig. 7 illustrates how the double
claw bar is used for pulling nails. The
dotted lines show the bar in position for
starting to pull a nail, while the shaded
drawing shows the position of the bar
after the nail has been pulled in part.
In case of ordinary nails, one operation
will pull the nail completely, but for
large spikes two operations often are
necessarj-.

Fig. S shows the bar in position for
completing the pulling of the spike that
was partly pulled by the operation
shown in Fig. 7. One of the advantages
of the double claws, is that it is not

necessary to bring the bar down almost
to a level with the floor to catch the

ww/w///w/'/"//w//////////y///////////////////^//7,
Fig. 8

nail,
pull

In other words, the workman can
nails with this bar without com-

S1.25 with 7 Blades ^i^^p/C*;,

CARPENTERS

Demand the Bert

The Genuine

f5:RM.

^^,u^Ai„„^^^fi <^t>,S F- P- l^- SAWS AND BLADES

.'M,

■^VJf*''

The Saw of Superior Quality with a National Beputation. Mann- -
factuied by a member of U. B. of C. & J. of A. No. 1.
If your dealer does not handle, write direct to me.

P. P. MAXSOX, Sole Manufacturer

3722 N. Ashland Ave. CHICAGO, ILL

FREE: Blue Print Plans and Booklet:
"How To Read Blue Prints"

Find our novr — by this Free Trial Lesson — hew easy
it is to learn the technical side of Building. ZSTo
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PREPARE TO GET AHEAD

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Building. Successful builders — foremen, estimators, superin-
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prints, building construction and estimating building costs.
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Chicago Technical College ,

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Chicago 16, 111.

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Xame Age-
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Ci-.T Zone SUte

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hovr to read blue prints, how to understand
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CHICAGO

TECHNICAL COLLEGE

Tech Bunding, 2000 South Michigan Ave.
Chicago 16, Illinois

pletely stooping over to hook tlie bar
D.nto the nail.

Most of the. wrecking bars that one
finds on the market do not have the
tiook bent enough. In fact, they are
bent for pulling nails only — the matter
of straightening out joists, twisting
.2x4's, or adjusting other timbers with
the hook of a wrecking bar, seems to
have been left out of the consideration
altogether by the manufacturers. This
writer has never seen a wrecking bar
on the market that he would want to
use very long without having it worked
over by a blacksmith. The manufactur-
ers evidently got their idea for the
wrecking bar from someone other than
a carpenter. The wise workman will
have his wrecking bar made to order;
that is, he will have it made so it will
do the things he wants it to do.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories

Page
Bensen Square Co., Brooklyn,
N. Y. 32

Carlson Rules 31

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 32

Greenlee Tools, Rockford, 111 1

Henry Disston & Sons, Inc., Phil-
adelphia, Pa. 3

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover

Master Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y. 1

F. P. Maxson, Chicago, 111. 30

A. D. McBurney, Los Angeles.

Cal. 32

North Bros. Mfg. Co., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 28

Sargent & Co., New Haven, Conn. 4
Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore 29

The Speed Co., Portland, Ore 11

The Speed Corp., Portland, Ore._ 31
Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn._3rd Cover
E. Weyer, New York, N. Y 32

Carpentry Materials

The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._2nd Cover

Doors

Overhead Door Corp., Hartford

City Ind. 4th Cover

Overalls

The H. D. Lee Co., Kansas City,
Mo. 3

Technical Courses and Books

American School, Chicago, 111 32

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago, 111. 31

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y 3rd Cover

Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111. 30

Mason Engineering Service,

Kalamazoo, Mich. 28

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 28

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 29

Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo._ 3

FOR
EXAMINATION

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>L1DE OF XICKiX SII.\'ER

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951 56th Street. Brooklyn 19. X. T.

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AIJDELS Cai*penters
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4vois.^6

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How to use the steel square — How to file and set
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mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How to us9
rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpentera
arithmetic — Solving mensuration problems^Es-
timatine strength of timbers — How to set girders
end sills— How to frame houses and roofs — How to
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ages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw
plans — Drawing up specifications — How to ex-
cavate—How to use settings 12, 13 and 17 on the
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interior trim — How to hanit doors — How to lath-
lay floors — How to paint

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Otherwise I will return them. No obUBation unless I am satisfied.

Employed by_

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THE

MPENTEi

FOUNDED 1881

Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

MARCH, 1948

THE ONLY FACTORY METHOD

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SIDE CUTS ON RAFTERS

AUTOMATICALLY!

Patent in U. S. A.

5 TOOLS IN ONE !

Actual Size 2" wide, 14" long.
MADE OF XICKEL SILA ER

1. THE "BEXSEX SQt'ARE" AUTOMATirALLY
GI^'ES THE .SIDE CVT AXOLE OX RAFTERS
SrCH A.S JACK. HIP. VALLEY. ETC. BY SET-
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AXGLE.

2. The Bensen Square will also give the miter cut
for polygons from 3 to 8 sides by setting the
blade against the desired polygon marked on base.

3. Can be used as a common square (90 degrees).
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4. Miter square (45 degrees). (Will lock in position).

5. Bevel square (can be set to any angle).

The Bensen Square is "a tool" all carpenters
will appreciate.

$6.00 post paid.

Guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction or your money
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BENSEN SQUARE COMPANY

951 56th Street, Brooklj-n 19, X. Y.

LEARN TO estimate!

If you are ambitious to have your own busi- ;
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will start you on your way.

If you are an experienced carpenter and i
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing {
and arithmetic you can master our System i
in a short period of your spare time. The !
first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost
of complete buildings just as you would do
it in a contractor's office. i

By the use of this System of Estimating you ,
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of i
the author's 40 years of practical experience !
reduced to the language you understand. |
You will never find a more opportune time ;
to establish yourself in business than now. '
Study the course for ten days absolutely :
free. If you decide you don't want to keep ]
it just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75 ,
and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
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plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy i
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to be after you examine it is the only thing i
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
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Write your name and address clearly and
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Johnson Building CIS, Denver 2, Colorado

CARPENTERS

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Chicago Technical College

C-ISO Tech BIdg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.,

Chicago 16, 111.

Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints"
with information about how I can train at home.

Name Age

Address Occupation

City Zone State

A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.

FRANK DUFFY, Editor

Caii>enters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Established in 1881
Vol. LXVIII — Xo. 3

INDIANAPOLIS, MARCH, 1948

One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy

— Co nt ent s —

Food For Thought

Ohio Tees Off

Bad as the Taft-Hartley Act is for organized labor, it represents only a straw in
the winds of reaction that are sweeping not only Washington but many of our state
legislatures as well. The same monopoly interests that pot over the Taft-Hartley Act
are now subtly working to wreck the Wages and Hours Act, Social Security, and just
about every other piece of pro-labor legislation passed in the last half a century.

Tw^o thousand union leaders from all over Ohio converge on Co'umbus February
8th to take up the matter of anti-union legislation. In a fighting mood the assembled
delegates serve notice on one and all that organized labor will never surrender its rights
without a fight to the finish. Under the banner of the Ohio State Federation they adopt
a comprehensive program for mobilizing the political strength of the state's workers
against union-wrecking interests wherever they may be.

- - - 12

There are two lobbyists in Washington right now for every Congressman. With un-
limited slosh funds at their disposal, these pressure experts are putting over the vari-
ous programs of the vested interests— which exp ains why measures such as the Taft-
Hartley Act ore passed. Furthermore it expla.ns why labor must undergo a political
awakening.

An article of interest to every skilled worker in the nation. Because a manufacturer
cannot get an American artisan to fill a job at about half the wage the job calls for, he
applies for permission to import a foreign worker.

Government By Pressure

It's the Pay That's Short

OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Plane Gossip

Editorials

Official

In Menioriajii

CoiTespondence

To the Ladies

Craft Problems

10
16

19
20
21
24
26

Index to Advertisers

Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of

Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.

the acot^

is a piker,

This photograph
shows (he long ,
tough cane fibres
which, when Ferox*-
treated against dry
rot and termites,
form the base lor
many Celotex build-
ing products.

♦ BEG. U. S. PAT. OFF.

When it comes to sprouting things big, the
acorn is a piker alongside the node from
which sugar cane grows. For the acorn
only fathers an oak . . . but the sugar
cane node, through production of tough
cane fibre, has sired three of the
greatest advances in building history —

1 building insulation — From cane fibre
in 1921 came Celotex cane fibre board . . .
combining low thermal conductivity
with great structural strength.
Today, because of Celotex pioneering,
heat-leaking buildings are obsolete.

sound conditioning — In 1924 came
another great advance from cane fibre —
Acousti-Celotex perforated cane fibre
tile . . . combining high sound absorption
with paintability. Today, because of
Acousti-Celotex, noise in business and
industry is on its way out.

single-'vv'all construction — More
recently the trend toward single-wall
construction in residences and industrial
buildings has been accelerated by the
development of Cemesto ... a fire-and-
moisture-resistant asbestos cement wall
unit with a cane fibre core. Cemesto
permits the erection of industrial buildings
with light-weight economical "curtain"
walls, partitions and roof decks.

more to come — These three
contributions of cane fibre to building
progress illustrate the continuing
objective of engineering research at
Celotex ... to give you better building
products — at lower cost.

THE CELOTEX CORPORATION, CHICAGO 3. ILLINOIS

CJeeoteX

^^^^^^^ RFa n <; PAT OFF

BUILDING BOARD... INSULATING SHEATHING AND LATH...CELO-ROK ANCHOR LATH AND PLASTER
CEMESTO . CELO-ROK W AULB O A R D . . . I NT ER I O R FINISH B O A R D S . . . TR I P LE-S E A LE D SH I N G LES . . . FLEXC E LL

BE YOUR OWN BOSS!

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SEND COUPON

FOR

MONEY-MAKING

BOOKLET.

The American Floor Surfacinp Machine Co.
520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo 3, Ohio
Enclosed find 25c in stamps or coin for
booklet "Opportunities in Floor Surfacing",
telling me how I can start my own floor
sanding business.

Nfttne .•.•••••.■.••.•.••*•«•*.••••••*-.•-•••.•••

Street •

City . State

NOW! a*t^u!^*fui&i>

FRAMING SQUARE

INSTANTLY!

AJLIi YOU NEED TO KNOAV IS AVIDTH
OF BUILDING AND PITCH OF ROOF

One Setting gives you the marking
for both Plumb Cut and Mitre Cut

Blade gives

marking for

Plumb Cut of

Common and

Hip Rafter.

Bevel Bar

automatically

odjusts itself

for all

Mitre Cuts on

Hip, Valley

or Jack Rafters.

A sturdy, all-metal tool that folds up into
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Prepaid

«12f5

IC. O. 0. POSTAGE EX

LLOYD L. CROWLEY

1880 South 12th Street

Salem, Oregon
Manufacturer and Distributor

y^^^f^u^fMIAmiiiUARi

Food For Thought

(An open letter to all our readers)

Dear Reader:

For many months now we have been telling- you of the need for a
political awakening on the part of organized labor. In the months ahead
we probably will be emphasizing this point even more. If this constant
repetition has not become monotonous to you already, there is every chance
that it may do so before November 2nd. However, if it does, we ask you to
bear with us and realize that we like being repetitious even less than you
like us to be.

We are not constantly harping on this particular subject because we
feel it amusing or enlightening or enterprising or entertaining, but rather
because we know only too well how dangerously close we are to losing all
the social gains labor has made in the last fifty years. Not only are the
hard-won rights of labor in jeopardy, but also all the progressive legisla-
tion passed in the last half century to preserve our natural resources
and protect us from the evils of monopoly control is in imminent danger
of being wiped out. The vested interests are in control of Washington
and they will never be satisfied until they have emasculated organized
labor and paved the way for their own looting of all of our natural
resources.

There are many straws which tell us which way the winds of reaction
are blowing. The Taft-Hartley Act — as bad as it is — is only one of them.
There are many more bills equally vicious, equally contemptuous of the
rights and heritages of the common people, kicking around Washington
awaiting only the election of a few more NAM-dominated Congressmen
for sufficient support to put them over.

Certainly enough has been written about the Taft-Hartley Act by
now so that every worker is familiar with its vicious provisions. From
now on workers everywhere will be finding out from actual experience
how harmful it is to collective bargaining and how deviously it places
obstacles in the pathway of unions which seek to improve the lot of their
members.

What few workers realize is that the Wages and Hours Act is now
under attack as heavily as the Wagner Act was in the days when the Taft-
Hartley Act was before Congress. In the last session of Congress a
House committee spent some time considering amendments to the Wages
and Hours Act. Among these amendments was one to raise the minimum
wage from forty to sixty-four cents per hour with the provision that all
overtime should be based on the sixty-four cent rate. In other words, this
amendment proposes that all overtime should be limited to ninety-six
cents an hour regardless of the straight time rate. Other proposals would

6 THECARPENTER

limit the coverage of the law and permit the sig-ning of contracts provid-
ing for lower overtime rates than those now mandatory under the Act.

The real intent of the attackers of the Wages and Hours Act is to limit
overtime or eliminate it altogether. This would enable chiseling employers
to work their crews whatever hours they wished without any fear of
penalty. It would once more be the old story of some workers staying on
the job fifty to seventy hours a week while other men walked the streets
in idleness. Thus, by permitting unlimited overtime without penalty to
employers, the suggested amendments would create unemployment where
none now exists. This in turn would exert pressure on wage standards and
weaken labor's bargaining power to the enhancement of profits.

While the attack on Social Security is not so far advanced as the attack
on Wages and Hours Act seems to be, it is nonetheless, seething under the
surface on Capitol Hill. There is a well organized and well oiled machine
seeking to destroy the effectiveness of the Social Security Act. Unem-
ployment benefits and old age benefits cost the emplo3^ers money and
anything that costs the vested interests money they do not like. When
they deem the time propitious they will move swiftly and efficiently to
nullify the Act.

The vested interests are too canny to demand outright repeal of either
the Wages and Hours Act or the Social Security Act. Such a course
would engender too much opposition. Instead they seek to accomplish
the same ends by having clever amendments passed. All they need now to
nullify both acts is a few more Congressmen willing to do their bidding
to add to the many they already control in Washington.

However, labor legislation is not the only field in which the interests
of the common people are threatened. Take the matter of taxes, for
example. There is a well oiled machine in Washington endeavoring to
shift the bulk of the tax load from the rich to the poor. For the poor there
is a sugar-coating of a fifty-cent-a-week reduction in taxes while the same
measure usually grants the wealthy tax reductions up to thousands of dol-
lars a week. The vested interests expect the sugar-coating to sell the pill
to the common people. In truth such a measure would mulct the ordinary
wage earners in the long run. As soon as revenues became inadequate,
new taxes would have to be devised, and rest assured these new taxes
would place the bulk of the burden on the back of the little fellow, if
the vested interests can control a few more Congressmen.

But for all of these things, it is in the field of natural resources thai,
the vested interests are working the hardest. There is a bill pending to
sell all of the nation's grazing lands to stockmen for from three to fifty
cents an acre. Under the existing setup grazing lands are under the con-
trol of the government. Big and little stock raisers alike contract for
grazing rights each year at a fair cost. However, the big cattle interests
do not like this arrangement. They want to buy the land for a few cents
an acre and thereby control it permanently. If they succeed in their efforts,
the next step will undoubtedly be for the timber interests to buy our
national forests for a song.

Tidewater oil lands have also caught the e^'e of the vested interests.
Under our ocean shores there are vast oil resources. To date these have

THECARPEXTER 7

belonged to Uncle Sam but there is a well financed effort being made to
get them out of the hands of the government into the hands of the oil
companies. The scheme by which this is to be done is too long and com-
plicated to discuss here, but the end aim is to get the oil into the hands
of the monopolies.

Another bill kicking around in Washington is one to exempt railroads
from provisions of the anti-trust law. Anyone over fift}' years old can
remember what a stranglehold the railroads had on the economy of the
nation around the turn of the centurv. Freight rates constituted a big
part of the cost of living in those days : and if some people have their
way those days will be brought back again.

There are other ways, too, in which reeds of reaction are bending in
the wind. Recently two high-ranking officials in Washington were fired;
one because he wanted the banking system to function on a sound basis
and the other because he wanted the airlines operated safely and strictly
for the benefit of the general public. Of course other reasons were given
for the discharging of these men but basically they were fired because the
policies they advocated put public welfare before profits.

These are only some of the things that are brewing in Washington.
However, they should give you a good indication of the way things are
going. Is it any surprise, then, that we are interested in arousing our
readers to the dangers involved? The vested interests can be stopped,
but they can be stopped in only one way — through the ballot box. And
the ballot box can be an eftective weapon only if the common people
realize their danger and make up their minds to register and vote.

From now until election time we will continue to harp on the need
for a political awakening on the part of organized labor. But that is about
as far as we can go. What is done about these growing dangers to our
welfare depends on what you as an individual do about registering and
voting.

Through the "Brotherhood of Carpenters Non-partisan Committee for
the Repeal and Defeat of Anti-Labor Legislation"' which was set up by
the General Executive Board at its last meeting, your fellow workers are
organizing to combat the reactionary trend which is threatening to wipe
out every social gain instituted in the last fifty years. Your own Local
Union or District or State Council is an important cog in this program and
must play its part. You can do your bit by helping to get ^-our Local Non-
partisan Committee organized and functioning.

In this American system of ours, the man standing at the ballot box
with a vote in his hand is kingpin. Political parties, political committees,
and political action are all necessary adjuncts to our democratic system,
but the man who really runs the show is the man with the vote in his hand.
You are that man. You and your fellow workers will determine in the
final analysis whether we knuckle down to the vested interests or whether
we stand up and demand a way of life in which all men are free economic-
ally as well as politically and avenues of self-betterment are open to all
people and all classes at all times. Think it over.

Fraternally yours,

Peter E. Terzick. Asst. Editor.

Ohio Tees Off

•k ir ir

THE HALF MILLION American Federation of Labor workers
in Ohio have literally dotted their coats and rolled up their
sleeves for a showdown fight against the forces of reaction in both
the United States Cong-ress and the Ohio General Assembly. On Sunday.
February 8th. more than 2.000 union men. representing CA'ery craft and
trade in the state, tilled ^lemorial Hall in Columbus to capacity to act on
the proposal of the Ohio State Federation of Labor to establish the Ohio
State Federation of Labor League for Political Education. By a unani-
mous vote, the conference approved

the program, and Ohio thus prob-
ably became an early state in the
union to mobilize the forces of its
union people for direct and effec-
tive action against the reactionary
trend which threatens to wipe out
every social gain made by labor
since the turn of the century.

The program of the Ohio Federa-
tion is simple. Its objectives are
uncomplicated. One aim of the pro-
gram is to bring home to every
worker in the state the seriousness
of the threat contained in such anti-
labor legislation as the Taft-Hart-
ley Act. The other aim is to impress
upon every worker the need for
him to register and vote so that
through the ballot box American
workers can maintain their forward
march to richer, better and more
secure lives for themselves and
their families.

Practically every industrial cen-
ter in Ohio was represented at the
February 8th meeting. At least 500
Brotherhood delegates from Local
L^nions and District Councils
throughout the state were in at-
tendance. Special buses carried
seventy-five Brotherhood members
from Cincinnati to the conference.

Over a hundred Carpenters from
Cleveland were in attendance. To-
ledo. Dayton. Youngstown and all
the other more populous centers had
strong Brotherhood representations
on hand and practically every local-
ity in which a Brotherhood Local
exists had at least one delegate at
the meeting. All told, at least a
quarter of the 2.000 present were
Brotherhood men. However, all the
other crafts in and out of the build-
ing trades were all well represented.

For enthusiasm, unity and down-
right determination to get things
done with a minimum of lost mo-
tion, the meeting set a new high.
Phil. Hannah, secretary of the Ohio
State Federation and also secretary
of the Ohio Federation's League for
Political Action, sounded the key-
note of the conference when he
said : ""We're well organized in the
industrial field. Let's do as well in
the political field." Mercilessly
attacking the reactionary forces
which seem bent on emasculating
organized labor or destroying it all
together. Hannah declared :

'AVe know who our enemies are
and we will remember them. Let us
dedicate ourselves to electing our

THE CARPENTER

friends and defeating our enemies.
This is not a pro-Democratic meet-
ing, nor is it a pro-Republican
meeting, and we surely do not be-
long in a third party. This is a pro-
union meeting."

With these fighting words ring-
ing in their ears, the delegates
quickly and unanimously adopted
the Ohio Federation's program for
a "League for Political Education."
Objectives of the League are five-
fold:

1. A program of general educa-
tion of the electorate.

2. A drive to get voters to reg-
ister and vote.

3. A campaign of education con-
cerning the Taft-Hartley Law,
state and national anti-labor
laws, and other measures
harmful to the public welfare.

4. Activities in connection with
general election campaigns.

5. To carry on an educational
program in the field of indus-
trial relations.

To make effective the foregoing
expressed desires of the delegates
and to carry out the policies laid
down by the last convention of the
American Federation of Labor, the
meeting organized the Ohio Federa-
tion's League for Political Educa-
tion in the following manner:

Officers of the League shall be
the officers of the Ohio State Fed-
eration. The executive committee of
the League shall be the president
and secretary-treasurer of the State
Federation together with the seven
vice-presidents of the State Federa-
tion. With them shall work the
League's State Advisory Committee

consisting of the president and sec-
retary of each of the state's forty-
four Central Labor Unions. Con-
gressional District Committees
shall be organized in each congres-
sional district. These shall be com-
posed of the president and secretary
of each Central Labor Union in each
respective congressional district.
Local unions shall also set up their
own committees to carry on the
work of the League at the local
level. Within the committee of each
local union a shop stewards' com-
mittee shall also be organized to
help activate the League's program
at the ward and precinct level.

In this manner it is the hope
of the Ohio State Federation that
every member of the Federation
can be contacted personally and ac-
quainted with the need for register-
ing and voting if labor's traditional
rights are to be preserved and
avenues of self-betterment are to be
kept open to American workers.

If the Columbus meeting can be
used as any sort of criterion, the
organized workers of Ohio mean
business. They have organized
early and well and other states
will be watching their progress with
genuine interest.

Ballots Defend
Your Freedom

BE SURE TO VOTE

THIS YEAR AND

EVERY YEAR

isipl

DOX'T FEXCE ME IX

The other day, an extremely stout
woman attired in a rather roomy pair
of slacks passed by the Farmers' Market
down in Birmingham. She was moving
at a surprisingly fast pace, and the
strange spectacle she presented from the
rear seemed to excite the risibilities of
an old farmer standing nearby.

Catching the eye of another spectator,
he observed with a chuckle: '"Bud, I
never thought I'd live to see a sight
like that — looks like two little boys
a'fightin' under a blanket."

• • •

BLOWING THE LID OFF

First Devil: "Ha, ha! Ho, ho!"

Satan: "Why do you laugh?"

First Devil: "I just put a woman into

a room with a thousand hats and no

mirror."

• • •
QUICK AXSWER

A teacher was giving his class a lec-
ture on charity. "Willie," he said, "if I
saw a boy beating a donkey and stopped
him from doing so, what virture should
I be showing?"

Willie Tpromptly) : "Brotherlj- love."

/ don't mind him thiyiking he's Sa-
poleon, but he-'s taken up icith a Jose-
phine.

XEW DEFIMTIOX

As this is being written, income tax
reduction is a hot subject in Congress.
Senator Taft is backing a measure that
would reduce taxes from twenty to
thirty per cent for all income tax-
payers. Against this the president in
his state of the union speech offered a
substitute proposal which gives every
taxpayer a reduction of forty dollars for
each dependent.

Under the Taft program those in the
upper brackets would get tax reductions
as high as $75,000 and S 8 0,0 00 while
the average worker would get from
thirty cents to a couple of dollars a
week in tax relief. Under the presi-
dent's proposal, everybody would get
forty dollars deduction per dependent.

Xow the strange part of the whole
thing is that Taft went on the air
right after the president made his pro-
posal. In a blistering speech he called
the president's tax proposal "discrimi-
natory."

Seems like Taft's idea is that any-
thing that gives the poor the same
thing as the rich is discriminatory.

• • • J

A BETTER SETLT

As this is being written, blood is
flowing throughout the length and
breadth of Palestine as Arab and Jew
dig in for desperate showdown on the
Palestine question. Ever since U.X. de-
cided to partition the Holy Land there
has been more or less open warfare be-
tween the opposing factions.

To date U.X. has been saying much
but doing little about Palestine. The
way the U.X. has been avoiding the
tough nut of Palestine to concentrate
on other less difficult world problems
sort of reminds us of the young girl who
acquired a poet for a boy friend.

"Father is pleased that you are a
poet," said she to her new heart inter-
est.

"I'm glad," retorted the boy friend.
"Is he a lover of poetry?"

"Xo," confessed the sweet young
thing, "but my last boy friend he tried
to throw out was a wrestler."

THE CARPENTER

TAKE YOUR CHOICE

Now that the war has been over for
several years, our State Department has
finally decided to let the people know
what was going on in the days before
Hitler turned on Russia. From cap-
tured German documents it has been
revealed that Adolph and Joe were
closer than Jack Benny in the early
stages of the war. They were heiling
and toasting each other in a sort of
mutual admiration society while Ger-
many was pounding England and
France and Belgium — which was about
the same time U.S. Communists were
calling it an imperialistic war.

Anyway, Mustache Joe is very un-
happy about the State Department's dis-
closures. The Red press is mumbling
something about forgeries and coming
up with a half dozen different explana-
tions. It all sort of brings to mind the
old one about the wife who met her hus-
band at the door along about two a.m.

"I want an explanation, and I want
the truth," she demanded.

"Well," replied the spouse, "make up
your mind which; you can't have both."

• • •
VOICE OF EXPERIENCE

"The only thing worse than having
your wife find in your pocket a letter
you forgot to mail," says Joe Paup, the
poolroom philosopher, "is having her
find one you forgot to burn."

• • •
REVISED VERSION

Write this down, son, and get it
right," William Jennings Bryan told a
reporter at the beginning of his political
career. "You can quote me as as say-
ing a man simply cannot make a million
dollars honestly."

Bryan's silver-tongued oratory paid
off well, and added to his lecture fees,
which were large and numerous, his
profits in real estate transactions and
from other sources eventually made him
a very rich man.

Years later, Bryan met the same re-
porter, now an editor, at a political con-
vention, and the newspaper man was
quick to slyly inquire of the veteran
politician, "Do you know what you once
told me about rich men?"

Bryan laughed.

"Yes," he replied, "I said a man
simply cannot make two million dollars
honestly."

LET THEM SPEAK

Alarmed by the gradual usurpation
of civil power by the military brass, a
number of scientists and prominent lay-
men have lifted up their voices in warn-
ing that such a course will eventually
lead to dictatorship. They point out that
military influence is increasing in such
fields as foreign policy, budget, science,
education, selective service and even
public relations. Such a course, they
say, was followed by Japan in the pre-
war years and it was this very sort
of thing that lead to the eventual down-
fall of the Nip empire.

How much truth there is in their
allegations it is hard to say. However,
the men who are back of the move are
among the nation's most brilliant and
therefore it might not be amiss to
adopt the attitude of the Irishman who
collapsed on the street one day. No
sooner was he down than a crowd quick-
ly gathered. Practically every person in
the crowd had a suggestion. One, Mag-
gie O'Riley kept shouting, "Give the poor
man whiskey," but little attention was
paid to her. Finally the agonized voice
of the Irishman rose above the din.

"Will the lot of ye hould yer tongues
and let Maggie O'Riley spake," the vic-
tim fairly shouted.

THE HISTORY OF AX,L WARS

Preparations

Rations

Reparations

It's when he lies on the other side
that the nickels roll out.

Government by Pressure

By RUBEN LEVIN

LIKE TOPSY, the army of lobbyists in A\'ashington is growing with
each session of Congress. Not long ago, the total number registered
under the terms of the Lobby Regulation Act enacted a year ago
reached the 1,000 mark. Thus, there are almost twice as many admitted lob-
byists in Washington as there are members of Congress.

'But that hardly tells the whole stor}'. There are hundreds of others
who confine their lobbying to government departments, and since they
don't directly seek to actuate legislation, the}* need not register.

There are also '"tixers'' galore who operate in devious ways, and there
are many high-toned and high-paid Washington lawyers who don't appear

before congressional committees,

but who exercise the kind of deft pears to be still true. Top salary
and astute influence that differs among the registered lobbyists goes
little from the blunter forms of lob- to Purcell L. Smith, of the National
bying. Association of Electric Companies.

Thus, lobbying in its oflicial and He gets $65,000 a year, plus ex-
unofQcial varities ranks easily as a penses.

"Big Business" in the nation's cap- Another Power Trust lobbyist is

ital. in Number 2 place. He is Stephen

Just about the biggest and high- M. Walters, who lists his income as
est-paid of the hordes of lobbyists 850,000, received partly from the N.
are those of the Power Trust, the A. E. C. and partly from 13 indi-

Railroads, the Realtors, the National
Association of Manufacturers, the
Natural Gas Interests and the so-
called National Tax Equality Asso-

vidual utility companies.

The N. A. E. C. has a flock of
other registered lobbyists and law-
yers in the capital, all of them

ciation. The latter spearheads the handsomely paid. At the last reg-

campaign against cooperatives. ular session of Congress, the N. A.

While each lobby has its own spe- E. C. recorded its outlays at over

cial axe to grind, there's a good Siqo.ooo.

deal of collaboration when it comes That's not the whole picture. ^lany

to putting over anti-labor legisla- private utilties also have their own

tion or fighting for lower taxes for W^ashington ''representatives.'" For

the rich. On such issues, many of instance, the big Pacific Gas and

the lobbyists work hand in glove. Electric Company has a battery of

For instance, the N. A. ^M. lobby- high-powered agents in the capital.

ists had a major hand in drafting All told, the power lobby undoubt-

and promoting the Taft-Hartley edly spends a half million dollars

''slave labor" law, but a lot of other each session of Congress,

outfits joined in to help whisk that The Railroad Lobby is no piker

measure through Congress.

Traditionally the Power Trust
has been one of the biggest spend-
ers in the lobbying field. That ap-

either. Its chief front man is J.
Carter Fort, of the Association of
American Railroads, who gets S40.-
000 a year and expenses. ]vlany in-

THE CARPENTER

dividual carriers also maintain reg"-
istered lobbyists in Washington. All
told, there are dozens looking after
the interests of the "Iron Horse."

The rail lobby list also includes
such false-face railroad propaganda
outfits as the Transportation Asso-
ciation of America. Its chief lobby-
ist is Donald D. Conn, who draws a
salary of $20,000, plus $80,000 in
expenses.

One of the most vicious of all is
the lobby maintained by the Na-
tional Association of Manufactur-
ers. It has a little "army" of Wash-
ington representatives — among
them, Weaker Chamblin, Jr., at $25,-
000 a year; Samuel Bledsoe, at $18,-
000; R. T. Compton, at $15,000 and
others at somewhat lesser salaries,
but all with comfortable expense
accounts.

It is generally known that the
N. A. M. factotums sat in with the
congressional framers of the Taft-
Hartley Act and practically wrote
the whole law.

For gall and ruthlessness the
Real Estate Lobby undoubtedly
should get the prize. It is led by
the National Association of Real
Estate Boards, but lined up with it
are such outfits as the National As-
sociation of Home Builders and the
United States Savings and Loan
League. This lobby has blocked all
efforts to put through the Wagner-
Taft-Ellender long-range housing
bill, as well as other measures de-
signed to ease the housing shortage
and bring costs of homes within
reach of those who need shelter. It
has also conducted a violent cam-
paign to wreck rent controls.

So shocking have been its activi-
ties that President Truman last
summer, in a message to Congress,
accused it of a "ruthless disregard
of the public welfare."

"It is intolerable that this lobby

should be permitted by its brazen
operations to block programs so es-
sential to the needs of our citizens,"
Truman said. "Nothing could be
more clearly subversive of repre-
sentative government. I urge the
Congress to make a full investiga-
tion of the activities of this selfish
and short-sighted group."

So far. Congress has done noth-
ing about the Chief Executive's ap-
peal for such a probe — and undoubt-
edly will continue to do nothing.

A particularly illuminating ex-
pose of the Real Estate Lobby op-
peared in a recent issue of the
ultra-conservative American maga-
zine, written by Nathan Strauss,
former administrator of the United
States Housing Authority.

"For two years the House Bank-
ing Committee (which handles
housing legislation) has bottled up
every housing proposal that was
frowned upon by the Real Estate
Lobby, while tumbling over, itself
to endorse everything the Real Es-
tate Lobby liked," Strauss pointed
out.

"The harsh fact is that our hous-
ing 'policy' in Congress, in recent
years, has been shaped largely by
the Real Estate Lobby.

"Almost any day that Congress is
in session you can find at least 25
real estate lobbyists scurrying about
Capitol Hill making 'contacts.' And
that is counting only those who have
officially admitted they are lobby-
ists, by registering.

"The actual paid staffs of the
Real Estate Lobby in Washington
run into hundreds.

"The most famous member of the
Real Estate Lobby is not even reg-
istered as a lobbyist. He is Herbert
U. Nelson, spokesman for the '^J-
000 realtors in the National Associa-
tion of Real Estate Boards. Nelson
has a Washington staff of 28, hun-

THE CARPEXTER

dreds of thousands of dollars at his
disposal, and has five registered
lobbyists Avorking" under his direc-
tion.

"A\'hile Xelson holds the spot-
light, the industry's most influen-
tial lobbyist is Morton Bodfish, a
crony of many key Cong-res=men.
Bodhsh is paid by the 3.600 build-
ings or savings and loan associa-
tions afiiliated with the U.S. Sav-
ings and Loan League.

"Last year, at the peak of the
lobby's battle to get the legislation
it wanted. Bodfish staged a gala
hotel banquet which drew so many
Congressmen that it took Bodfish
45 minutes to introduce them all I

"The third member of the Big
Three of the AA'ashington Lobby is
Frank \V. Cortright, who speaks for
the 10.000 major homebuilding con-
tractors affiliated with the National
Association of Home Builders. He
has elaborate offices in Washington.

"There are dozens of other regis-
tered realty lobbyists. Here are
some of the leading outfits that
sponsor them : National Home and
Property Owners Foundation, Na-
tional Retail Lumber Dealers Asso-
ciation. National Lumber IManu-
facturers Association, National
Apartment Owners Association,
National Association of Housing
Manufacturers, Home Owners Pro-
tecting League, ^Mortgage Bankers
Association of America and Build-
ing Products Institute."

Another lushly-financed lobby
that has its tenacles spread out over
Washington and the country is the
miscalled "National Tax Equality
Association," which under the slo-
gan of "equalizing taxes" is seeking
legislation to crush the fast-grow-
ing cooperative movement. The
amount of propaganda it has poured
out has been enormous.

An examination of the lobby

registrations shows AVashington is
infested not only with lobbyists on
the direct N.T.E.A. payroll, but
with scores of others representing
state units of the association, and
many others who operate under the
smokescreen of '"small business" or-
ganizations. They hold forth in the
city's swankiest hotels. I

On top of that, the N. A. E. A.
employes a crew of high-powered
press agents, operating under the
names of \'ernon Scott and Loring
A. Schuler, "organizers and coun-
selors." The Scott and Schuler out-
fit has been holding forth in a
super de luxe suite at the Statler
Hotel in Washington, and from
there, doing the "practical work"
for the N. T. E. A. That "practical
work" is understood to consist of
royal entertainment for members of
Congress to sell them the N. T. E.
A. "line."

How can the N. T. E. A. operate
so lavaishly? The answer can be
found in the fact that the organiza-
tion has been recognized by the In-
ternal Revenue Bureau as an "edu-
cational" association. Thus, contri-
butions to it are tax-exempt. That's
an incentive for rich business men
to make liberal donations, since
they can deduct that from their tax
liabilities to Uncle Sam. 1

Thus, in efitect, the Government
is subsidizing the N. T. E. A. AVhat
the Government loses in taxes un-
der this setup, the taxpayers must
make up.

To list all the other elaborate lob-
bies functioning in Washington
would take space far beyond the
limits of this article. The fact is,
however, that just about every spe-
cial interest in this country is well
represented. Government -by -lobby
has now reached such great pro-
portions as .almost to drown out the
voiceof the ordinary people. — I.3I.J.

THE CARPENTER 15

IT'S THE PAY THAT'S SHORT

* *

Early this year. Local No. 1312, New Orleans, La., received a letter
from the U.S. Immigration Office in that city. In part that letter said:

"This Service has received an application from one B

M , operating a shop in New Orleans, designing and niaiiu-

factuiing reproductions of antique furniture, for permission to im-
port to the U.S. from France a skilled cabinet designer and builder.
The man sought to be imported has more than twenty-five years ex-
perience in the designing and building of reproductions of antique
furniture. The importer has stated that he has advertised nationally
for a person of such skill and has not been able to secure a United
Stat-es citizen to fill this job. The alien to be imported will, also,
teach appi-entices who ai"e now Avorking in the shop of the imijoi-ter
in New^ Orleans. The wage it is contemplated paying this man will be
$1.35 per hour for a forty hour week AA'ith the regular pi*escibed pay-
ment for any overtime Avork perfonned. It appears that locally no
such skilled ai-tisan can be found; hoAvever, before this Sei-vice can
giAe penuission for the imijortation of the alien described, it is nec-
essai-y that Ave ascertain from your Union whether you are able to

furnish to INIr. M a person AA'itli the skill and experience

described."

To all skilled workers in America the above letter poses an interest-
ing problem. A manufacturer advertises for a highly skilled man at a
wage rate about fifty per cent below what such skill should command,
and then because he cannot find such an artisan he applies to the Immi-
gration Service for permission to import an alien. If such a program
becomes general, our skilled workers can look forward to a wage scale
no higher than the lowest in the world, because that will be the ultimate
result. When a contractor cannot find carpenters to work for fift}- cents an
hour, if he can import some from Japan. American carpenters will soon
have the choice of working for fifty cents an hour or bucking the bread-
lines. The same holds true of every other trade.

The difticulty of the manufacturer in the above case is not that there
is a shortage of artisans in America but rather that there is a shortage of
about a dollar and a quarter an hour in the wage scale he is offering. Under
the circumstances labor can have little sympathy with his proposal to im-
port help. For too many years around the turn of the century corporations
used imported help to beat down wage scales. Those days must never be
allowed to return.

Editorial

Another Position Vindicated

From all indications the so-called "A\'orld Federation of Trade
Unions" is quietly g-asping^ its last breath. Organized some three years
ago amid a great hoopala of Communist propaganda and promotion,
it has creaked along in a very erratic and unpredictable manner ; unpredic-
table, that is. to all but the Communists. Now the sands have all but run
out for the "World Federation." a

Last month Arthur Deakin, head of the powerful British Transport and
General Workers Union, let loose a bitter blast against the W.F.T.U.
that virtually sounded its death knell. Significantly, Deakin is president
of the W.F.T.U. For a long time Deakin and the rest of the non-Com-
munist trade union members in England have grown increasingly sour on
the AWF.T.U. because of its insistence on following the line laid down
by the Kremlin. The straw that finally broke the camel's back was the
recent refusal of the A\'.F.T.U. secretariat to call a meeting of the execu-
tive bureau to discuss the Marshall Plan. Deakin charged that this refusal
to call a meeting for the purpose of discussing a plan that ofi:ers the only
hope of salvation for most European workers was due to orders from
Moscow.

"If the position of the organization now is that the World Federation
of Trade Unions is to be merely a political body dealing with those
questions acceptable to Soviet Russia, then we know where we stand," he
declared in his blast.

Deakin did not recommend an immediate withdrawal of British trade
unions from the Federation, but such a move seems inevitable in view
of the bitterness which has grown up against the organization in most
official union circles in England. When and if the British unions with-
draw, W.F.T.U. will collapse in short order. AMien W.F.T.U. was first
organized many British union leaders opposed affiliation. However, the
consensus of opinion was that such an alliance might help to win the
war, inasmuch as Russian workers and English workers were battling
a common foe. While the war lasted and the defeat of Hitler was the
main objective of everyone, the A\\F.T.U. bumbled along jwathout too
much internal strain. But once Hitler was out of the way, it soon became
apparent that the World Federation was merely a tool of the Kremlin
and just another of the innumerable Communist vehicles for softening up
the rest of the world for Soviet domination. British unionists are about
fed up, and Deakin's blast may well be the fuse that touches ofif the
powder keg, inasmuch as he is president of the organization.

In view of the developments, it is interesting to remember that the
American Federation of Labor has opposed the W.F.T.U. ever since it

T IT T. C A R P K X T E R 17

was org^anized. Some of the party-liners in the AFL tried to stampede it
into accepting W.F.T.U. but their efforts did not get ver>- far. The
Executive Council repeatedly pointed out that the Soviet government-
dominated unions which affiliated with W.F.T.U. en masse could by no
stretch of the imagination be regarded as "free." Now the position of the
Council is being vindicated. B}' now it is cle^r :c everx^one that the
Russian unions are not free and they are not in \\ .F.T.U. to promote
union principles but rather to carry out the subversive dictates of the
Kremlin. And it is equally interesting to remember that the CIO has been
part and parcel of the W.F.T.U. ^ince its inception.

Without A Crystal Ball

Early last month the inf.i:^ - .u.,>; ..;;'' ur r:'." " >;.- v"' ' '.
into felt the first pinprick c: ii~i::cr_ v/r.cii iimmii::- :, r.ti :^z :.^t
violently and quickly on virtually all exchanges. Within z. ;e.v days
prices on such items as com, w^heat, soj'beans and cotton r -t :: ed by
about one-third. And the confusion and consternation the.: rt u.red in
many places made some of the most amusing reading since Texas Gtiinan
was having her fling and parting the easy marks from their rolls.

On the very day when prices fell most precipitously a well known
columnist was ranting about the unfairness of the labor press in blaming
high prices on high profits. As neatly as you please he was proving that
high wages were at the bottom of all high prices, and that prices were
not really too high considering the "fantastic" wages workers were getting.
He summed up the whole situation by saying that prices would never
come down until the unions agreed to reduce wages.

The same day another high-pow^ered typewriter beater (who also prol>-
ably writes his column a week or so in advance) was blasting the adminis-
tration for asking authority to reimpose controls on certain scarce com-
modities. Business was already doing a fine job of keeping down prices
and distributing scarce materials, he insisted. Boiled down to a single
sentence, his theme was: our whole economy is being w^ell managed by
business and who the devil does the President think he is that he should
intimate that the government could do the job better than business can?

By the fifth or sixth day of declining prices the typewriter hatchet
men caught on to the idea it was time to turn the record over and play
the other side. Overnight the commodity price collapse became a "healthy"
thing and an inevitable aftermath of reconversion. A note of journalistic
joy reminiscent of the "prosperitj- is just around the comer" era of the
early thirties per\'aded the press and radio. The papers were vying with
each other to be the first to tell how rapidly prices were declining in the
grocery store and butcher shop. In Indianapolis an over-enthusiastic radio
announcer was telling one and all that bacon could be bought for thirty-
nine cents a pound retail. Your editor did a little checking. A half dozen
phone calls revealed that the cheapest sliced bacon could be bought for
retail was seventy-nine cents a pound. Even that gastronomical monstros-

18 THECARPENTER

ity known in the mining and logging camps of the west as "sow-belly"
cost fifty-nine cents a pound. In the end the grocers and butchers got so
many calls for thirty-nine cent bacon that the announcer had to make a
correction in order to take the heat ofif the merchants.

We are going to be unique about the whole business of falling com-
modity prices. We are not going to tell you exactly what it all means
because frankly we do not know (although we seem to be the only person
owning a typewriter in that unhappy circumstance). About all we know
is this :

1. The fall in commodity prices is not reflected in prices
at the butchers and grocers as yet.

2. Wages are still out of line with living costs and if the
latter do not come down before long the former must
go up again if purchasing power is to be maintained
and if millions of people are to avoid downright hard-
ship.

3. Whichever way things go it will be the working people
who will take it on the chin hardest in the long run.

This may not add up to much but in the final analysis it will prove to be
a lot more than most of our twelve-cylinder economists can foretell with
any degree of certainty.

A Valiant Fight for a Great Cause

While many International Unions, including our Brotherhood, are in-
volved in legal cases that eventually may become tests of the validity of
the Taft-Hartley Act, it is the Typographical Union which is really carry-
ing the brunt of the burden at the present time. For many weeks the
Chicago Typos have been on the bricks fighting for the very existence of
their union which the publishers are threatening to destro}^ through the
medium of the Taft-Hartley Act.

Bluntly put, the employers are trying to establish the right to hire
non-union help in shops which have been 100% union since time imme-
morial. If they succeed they will eventually be able to break down
seniority and all semblance of job protection.

However, there is little likelihood of their succeeding. The whole
Printers' Union has voted an assessment of four and a half per cent of
every member's monthly earnings for a special defense fund to carry on
the fight. Four and a half cents out of every dollar seems like a high
assessment but the Printers know what is at stake and they are determined
to see the fight through. More power to them.

Official Information

General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS

of AMERICA

General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General President

WM. L. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First General Vice-President

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Second General Vice-President

JOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Secretary

FRANK DUFFY

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Treasurer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Executive Board

First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Fifth District. R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bldg., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland. O.

Sixth District, A, W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.

Fourth District. ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary

All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary

NOTICE TO ALL LOCAL UNIONS

The attention of all Local Unions is hereby directed to the action
taken by the General Executive Board at its meeting held in Lakeland
last January relative to the admission to membership of individuals not
qualified to follow some branch of our trade. The action of the Board —
as contained in the official minutes, was as follows :

"It has come to the attention of the General Executive
Board that many of our Local Unions throughout the juris-
diction of the Brotherhood have accepted to honorary mem-
bership applicants who have never worked at any branch of
the trade, and who, by no stretch of imagination are qualified
for membership as per the qualifications set forth in the Gen-
eral Constitution; therefore, the Board goes on record as
declaring that no applicant can be admitted as a member
unless he can qualify as being competent to work at some
branch of the trade."

5^ n 4M

Not lost to those that love them,
Not dead, just gone before;

txnorxsctn

They still live in our memory,
And will forever more

%tBi in ^tsctt

The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.

Brother FRANK ABAR, Local No. 177, Springfield, Mass.

Brother JOSEF BAER, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.

Brother PAGE BENJAMIN, Local No. 281, Binghamton, N. Y.

Brother CHARLES BLACKBURN, Local No. 1445, Topeka, Kansas.

Brother ALEX BUCHANAN, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.

Brother FRED BURTOFT, Local No. 184, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Brother JOHN F. CARR, Local No. 298, Long Island City, N. Y.

Brother VINCENT DeHATE, Local No. 1067, Port Huron ,Mich.

Brother JOHN DENGLER, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother HENRY DEWEESE, Local No. 734, Kokomo, Ind.

Brother VERNON FAIRBANKS, Local No. 1587, Hutchinson, Kans.

Brother PETER FETTIG, Local No. 930, St. Cloud, Minn.

Brother WILLIAM D. FRAZEE, Local No. 716, Zanesville, Ohio.

Brother ANTHONY GALLO, Local No. 298, Long Island City, N. Y.

Brother JOHN HACIK, Local No. 490, Clifton, N. J.

Brother CHARLES HANSEN, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother ERNEST HETZLER, Local No. 298, Long Island City, N. Y.

Brother E. F. ILSCHNER, Local No. 610, Port Arthur, Tex.

Brother GERVE JANSSON, Local No. 51, Boston, Mass.

Brother J. M. KING, Local No. 529, Camden, Ark.

Brother FLOYD KINNER, Local No. 1067, Port Huron, Mich.

Brother ALBERT H. KRUEGER, Local No. 1849, Pasco, Wash.

Brother LEO KUHN, Local No. 177, Springfield, Mass.

Brother ANTHONY KUPS, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.

Brother MICHAEL LAWLER, Local No. 20, Staten Island, N, Y.

Brother NATHAN LEVITT, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.

Brother ALFONSO LIQUORI, Local No. 366, Bronx, N. Y.

Brother CHARLES LOBELLO, Local No. 20, Staten Island, N. Y.

Brother NORMAN L. MacLEOD, Local No. 1144, Danvers, Mass.

Brother EDWARD McKENNA, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother CHARLES MITCHELL, Local No. 930, St. Cloud, Minn.

Brother CHAUNCEY MORRIS, Local No. 325, Paterson, N. J.

Brother WALTER MURRAY, Local No. 878, Beverly, Mass.

Brother OLAF NELSEN, Local No. 20, Staten Island, N. Y.

Brother JULIUS PLETSCHER, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.

Brother DAVID PLOTKIN, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother ALPHONSE PLOURDE, Local No. 1210, Salem, Mass.

Brother WALTER RADSCHWEIT, Local No. 448, Waukegon, lU.

Brother ERNEST RICHARDS, Local No. 1210, Salem, Mass.

Brother HENRY RYPKEMA, Local No. 490, Clifton, N. J.

Brother CLARENCE SANDEL, Local No. 716, Zanesville, Ohio.

Brother W. F. SHAFFER, Local No. 1565, Abilene, Texas

Brother TIMOTHY D. SHEEHAN, Local No. 860, Framingham, Mass:

Brother WALTER STOWE, Local No. 888, Salem, Mass.

Brother PAUL TAUBER, Local No. 51, Boston, Mass.

Brother W. F. THOMASSON, Local No. 1565, Abilene, Texas.

Brother WALTER WOOD, Local No. 30, New London, Conn.

Brother JOSEPH WOLF, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother EMIL WUORIO, Local No. 30, New London, Conn.

CorrQspondQncQ

This Journal Is Xot Responsible J^or Views Expressed By Correspondents.

XORTH SHORE HONORS VETERAN OFFICER

On Saturday evening, Januarj' 17th, a testimonial banquet was held in honor
of Ted Thompson, Business Agent for the North Shore District Council.

Brother Thompson, a member of the Brotherhood for forty-four years, has
been Business Agent since 1921. During that time he has held office as President,
Treasurer, Financial Secretary and Recording Secretary. He was also President of
the Massachusetts States Council of Carpenters for three years, and a member
of the State Executive Board for eighteen consecutive terms.

Ted has also been interested in politics, having served for ten years as alder-
man for the city of Beverly, and as a Representative to the General Court for three
years.

During the past war Ted served on the Beverly Draft Board for seven years
and was appointed by the Mayor of Beverly to help bring the building code up to
date.

After the formation of the Beverly Appeal Board he was elected chairman of
that body, and is still serving with distinction.

Recently he was elected one of two delegates for the International Conference
of Odd FelloAvs to be held in London, England this coming May.

Over three hundred guests attended the dinner which was turkey and all the
trimmings. Seated at the head table was Ted's entire family including a brother
and grand-daughter.

Telegrams of congratulations were received from U.S. Senator Henry Cabot
Lodge and Congressman George J. Bates, who are personal friends of Ted.

Mayor Dan McLean of Beverly and City Council President Wilfred Poitras
of Salem extended the greetings of their respective cities to the guest of honor.
Former Mayor Ed. Coffey of Salem also congratulated Ted.

The Master Builders of this district had a large representation present, and
their spokesman went on record as saying that he thought our union did more to
raise the standard of living than any politicians.

General Representative Bill Francis presented Ted with a beautiful Hamilton
watch and chain, as a gift from the district carpenters and their friends.

President Herb Lyman of Ted's home Local, No. 878, presented him with a
Carpenters' emblem ring.

"Warren Haskell, President, North Shore District Council, presented I\Irs.
Thompson with a lovely bouquet of flowers.

President Jim Golden, Massachusetts State Council, gave an inspiring talk and
had with him a large delegation from Lowell.

Guests were present from Lawrence, Haverhill. Gloucester, Newburyport,
Boston, New Bedford, and from every local on the North Shore.

Dancing was enjoyed after the speaking program, until a late hour,

•

HUGE PROJECT FOR FEATHER RR'ER AREA

Within the jurisdiction of the Sierra Nevada Foothill District Council in the
Feather River region of California, the Pacific Gas and Electric Company is mak-
ing preparations for the construction of a one hundred and thirty-five million
dollar project. As contemplated at present, the project will be one of the biggest
imdertaken in peacetime since Coulee Dam was completed.

However the Sierra Nevada Council warns that no men are needed at the
present time. Brothers going to the area will be out their expenses. When men
are needed the Council will notify all sister councils and supply them with all perti-
nent information.

22 THE CARPENTER

TOMPKIXSVLLLE LOCAL, HONORS A GREAT PIONEER

At the meeting of Local Union No. 20, Tompkinsville, New York, held Decem-
ber 8, 19 47, the assembled membership paid a special tribute to Brother William
Housman who has compiled a long and honorable career as a member of the
Brotherhood. Eighty years of age, Brother Housman has practically rounded out
half a century of union membership in good standing.

In his many years as a member. Brother Housman has served in various offices.
Including that of financial secretary-treasurer. At present he is using his vast
knowledge and good judgment as a member of the Union's examining committee.
Not only in his own Local Union but throughout much of the New York labor
movement he is represented as one of the great pioneers of unionism who have
done so much to make the movement what it is today.

Local Union No. 20 wishes Brother Housman many more years of health and
happiness.

LOCAL 1351 IVLIRKS 30 YEARS OF PROGRESS

On Thursday night, October 2 3, some 250 people, members, wives and friends
of Local Union No. 1251, New "Westminister, B. C, gathered in Canadian Legion
Hall to help the Union celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of its founding. For
several hours the trials and tribulations of the workaday world were forgotten
"While all concentrated on having a good time.

Included in the program was the introduction of four of the five original charter
members of the union who took out cards in September, 1917, and remained in the
union. They were A. E. Corbett, George Brown, Robert Adams and William
Moodie. The fifth member, Thomas Blackledge, was unable to be present.

The affair, which was managed by a committee headed by Arlie Forman, took
the form of a turkey dinner, a few and very brief speeches, a fioor show and danc-
ing. Stanley Durance, president, was in the chair.

William Page, Vancouver, brought greetings from the international body. He
congratulated the New Westminster Local on having an agreement which called
for the highest wage scale in Canada, Toronto being in second place. The fact
that the carpenters owned their own hall — the Labor Temple on Seventh street
and Royal avenue — was also another feather in the cap of the Local. Mr. Page
presented a new gavel, suitably engraved, to Mr. Durance.

Jack Stevenson, president of the Provincial Council of the Brotherhood, spoke
briefly, while William Moodie responded for the five charter members and told
of the organizing program in 1917.

MUNCIE ME>1BERS TLTIN A SHACK INTO A HOME

A week or so before Christmas last year a Muncie, Indiana, newspaper carried
a touching story regarding the sad plight of a woman with four children who was
forced by adverse circumstances to live with her brood in a small one-room
shack. The shack did not even boast of a door. On Saturday morning, December
20, the woman received unexpected guests. They were Judson Beck, business
agent for Local No. 592, and Harry Dye, Cleo Ullom, and Noel Barber, members
of the Union. With them they had their tools and some side boarding and tin
flashing. By evenirig the shack was weather tight and comparatively comfortable.

The Juvenile Aid Division had been pondering about what to do with the
family for some time when the Local Union decided to take a hand. Some sixty
dollars was raised by the JAD for the purchase of materials. A women's organiza-
tion of a nearby church donated a door, and the Local Union took on the task of
putting the place into liveable shape. By this cooperative effort an unfortunate
family was given the finest Christmas present of all — a half-way decent place to
live. While much of the credit for the project goes to the Juvenile Aid Division,
Local Union No. 592 and its four civic-minded members deserves a real pat on the
back for a well done job.

T H E C A R P E X T E R 23

LOC.\Jy 1876 ME^rBERS DO A FIXE CIVIC JOB

A few weeks ago Wicomico Children's Home, Salisbury, Maryland, was some-
thing of a fire hazard. Today two well constructed fire escapes make the home
a safe and modern institution; and in the erection of the two fire escapes lies a
story of cooperation, generosity and downright good unionism on the part of the
officers and members of Local Union No. 18 76 of Salisbury.

Recently the county fire warden served notice on the home that two fire
escapes were needed immediately to prevent the building from becoming a death
trap in case of fire. The home's auxiliary group was confronted with something of
a financial problem in the matter of the fire escape. Hearing of the plight of the
institution, Local Union No. 18 76 decided that something should be done.
Saturday morning, December 13, twelve members of the Union showed up at
the home with their tool boxes. Timber and millwork donated by business firms
was at the site. The Brotherhood men rolled up their sleeves and went to work.
By evening the fire escapes were well along. The following Saturday another
twelve members of the Union were on the job to help complete the project And
so through the generositj" of the members of Local Union No. 1876 who donated
their services and several firms which donated materials, the home now boasts of
two fine fire escapes.

Pegler or Fulton Lewis will never mention this incident but it is just another
fine example of union men doing a civic duty in the spirit of brotherhood on which
true unionism is founded.

LANCASTER LOCAL STAGES GSrd BIRTHDAY PARTY

With some 250 members, friends and guests present. Local Union No. 59 of
Lancaster, Pa., celebrated the sixty-third anniversary of its chartering with a
banquet and entertainment at Arcadia Hall on the night of November 2 5th. Fine
food, able speaking, and general goodfellowship made the affair a memorable one
for all w^ho attended.

Local 59 President A. Z. Horner, was toastmaster and started the program by
asking the group to rise In a moment's silence as a tribute to- Edward Finney,
President of the Pennsylvania State Council, who passed away recently. Labor
lost a great leader through the death of Mr. Finney.

A baked ham dinner was served and an orchestra furnished music throughout
the evening.

William Kelly, Pittsburgh Executive Board Member, was the main speaker
He told the group, "Organized labor must forget its outdated phrase, 'A Living
Wage' and start striving for 'A Saving Wage.' " Mr. Kelly also told of recent
actions affecting carpenters at the A. F. L. Convention in San Francisco, and dis-
cussed the Taft-Hartley Law and recent suits brought under its provisions.

Guests present were as follows: Richard O'Driscoll. Frank Gravener, John J.
Cregan, Metropolitan District Council; Charles Shedaker, Benjamin T. Gray, Local
359 of Philadelphia; Frank Clarkson, Joseph Gressang, Jules Fisher, John Pen-
tony and Wm. Kendrick, Local 8 of Philadelphia; H. E. Ross, Wm. Hosttetter, John
Lengel, Chas. Bowers, Local L^nion 49 2, Reading; J. M. Swanger, Earl Hoffman,
Mart Swanger, Local Union 2 8 7, Harrlsburg.

AXAHEOI BIDS FOR A CHA3IPIOXSHIP

Members of Local Union No. 2203, Anaheim, Cal., do things in a big way. As
proof of this statement the members are pointing to the accomplishments of
Brother Arthur Jungkeit and his wife, who recently became the parents of an
exceptional pair of twins. The babies, David Herman and Donna Lee, weighed
more than eighteen pounds at birth. David Herman weighted ten pounds, four
ounces, and Donna Lee checked in at eight pounds, one and a half ounces.

Needless to say the Juugkeits are receiving congratulations from far and
wide.

KIvICKITAT LADIES SPOXSOR LO\*EI.Y CHRISTMAS PARTY

The Editor:

Greetings from Auxiliary Xo. 45 3 of Klickitat, Washington! We meet the
second Tuesday of each month at the Club Room of the Gymnasium. Beginning at
eight p.m. "pre have our business meeting and after this is disposed of we have our
social function. We have been organized since April 26, 1946.

We held our annual Christmas Party on December 9th. The party follovred
our regular monthly meeting. Husbands vrere invited and quite a number of
them attended. Several Christmas games were played vrith prizes for the winners.
There was also a door prize, a huge stick of peppermint candy which will probably
last the winner until next Christmas. The decorations were outstanding; little red
and green baskets at each place together with a little Santa, all filled with candy.
A lovely centerpiece of silvered pine cones, candles and Santa Clauses graced the
middle of the table. Each Auxiliary member brought a gift to the party. Xames of
movie stars were pasted on each present and then a drawing of names was held.
Each person drawing a name received the present bearing the same name. The
gifts were all useful as well as beautiful. Following the exchange of gifts a
lovely luncheon was served.

Fraternally, Dorothy M. Scott, Rec. Sec.

FORT COKLIXS LADIES DO A GREAT JOB

The Editor:

Greetings from Ladies Auxiliary Xo. 404, Fort Collins, Colorado.

We would like to report on our very successful pie social. The purpose of our
social was to raise funds enough to buy the hospital in Fort Collins a baby incu-
bator since they only had one. We made SI 5 2. 5 0, which was a little more than
enough to buy the incubator. It is now in use at the hopsital.

Fraternally yours, Mrs. Eloise Mills, Rec. Sec.

SPRENGFIELD, ELL., LADIES EXTEXD GREETIXGS

The Editor:

Ladies' Auxiliary Xo. 230 of Springfield, Illinois, wishes to send greetings to all
other Auxiliaries everywhere.

We meet the first and third Fridays at 2:00 P.M., in I. 0. 0. F, Temple. The
first meeting is a business meeting; the second is a social one. We have a pot-luck
dinner then and a short meeting with a bunco party following.

We have added quite a number of new members in the past year and are
hoping to get a number more before this year is over.

We also have a number of ladies who quilt. They meet every Friday. They
have sent several quilts to the Carpenters' Home.

We are now making plans for our ISth Anniversary dinner which will be held
December 6th. We celebrate each anniversary with a turkey dinner having the
families as guests. We are planning on about 9 0 this year.

We hold card parties often to raise extra funds.

We donate to all worthy causes.

We still have eleven of our charter members.

Fraternally yours.

Xenia Xewlin, Recording Secretary.

THE CAR P ENTER 25

LADIES OF 467 RE^MEMBER THE AGED

The Editor:

Fraternal greetings to all sister organizations from Auxiliary No. 467, Wash-
ington, D. C.

Since being organized, we have held a few bingoes and a dance, all of which
were highly successful. At Christmas, we enjoyed giving $25.00 in fruits, candy
and cigarettes to th6 Blue Plains Home for the Aged. Mrs. Anna Keller of our
Auxiliary, was kind enough to make cookies and doughnuts to be given also.
Our President, Mrs. Stumpe and sister Keller distributed the above, personally,
to each of the inmates.

We are making plans to have a dinner-dance for our members and their hus-
bands in honor of our first anniversary.

We would enjoy hearing from our sister organizations.

Fraternally,

Mrs. Dorothy E. Chase, Rec. Sec.

CHICAGO LADIES AID MANY CHARITIES

The Editor:

Greetings from Auxiliary No. 249, Chicago. Our Auxiliary, the only one in
our city, meets twice a month. One meeting we devote to business affairs but
our second meeting usually leans toward the social or cultural. During these
latter meetings we have readings, debates, or any of the various types of enter-
tainment— plus, of course, refreshments. Our Brothers are always guests at
these socials. Occasionally we have a social at their meeting place, serving re-
freshments-to all.

Our funds go to charities such as the Red Cross, March of Dimes, Crippled
Children, and all important fund drives that come up. We always accept commit-
tees from the city that come to us seeking donations; provided, of course, that
they are armed with proper credentials. We all enjoy reading The Carpenter —
especially "To The Ladies."

Fraternally, Frieda Greenfield, Pres.

BLOOAUNGTON, IND., LADIES DO GOOD WORK

The Editor:

The members of Auxiliary No. 25S of Bloomington, Indiana send greetings to
all Sister Auxiliaries of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of
America.

We meet the second and fourth Tuesday evenings of each month in the Labor
Temple. We are not a very large group, though we are at this time conducting a
membership contest which is increasing our number. In August we participated
in a family picnic held jointly with the carpenters of Local No. 16 64.

We hold an Auxiliary party once each quarter and a family social twice yearly;
and try to have an all day meeting, usually a pot-luck luncheon once each month
in some member's home.

Our turkey dinner, Christmas party and gift exchange held for our families in
December was a great success and attended by 100 persons. We will hold our
anniversary party in February.

Besides giving to Red Cross, Community Chest and other charitable drives we
gave individual gifts at Christmas time to the old folks at the County Home.

We also try to have at least two educational programs, lectures or something of
that nature during the year.

To defray expenses, build up our treasury and flower fund we have held two
candy sales and a bazaar. We also hold rummage sales and white elephant sales
to help in this way.

We would be very glad to hear from any of the sister auxiliaries and would
appreciate any helpful idea you may give us.

Fraternally yours,

Mrs. Myrtle Hollingsworth, Rec. Sec.

Craft Probloms

Carpentry

LESSON 234 •
By H. H. Siegele

Drilling for plugs and chiseling out
mortar from walls of masonry for plug-
ging is not really work that can be
called carpentry work, but it is work
that carpenters have to do quite often.
The tools that are used for this work
are drills and plugging chisels.

The star drill, shown by the upper
drawing in Fig. 1, is widely used for

Fig. 1

drilling holes into concrete, stone, brick
and other masonry. It makes a perfect-
ly round hole for the plug, and it cuts
reasonably well, but is not the fastest
cutting drill in use. It is well adapted
for drilling holes for the shells of ex-
pansion bolts. Its over all usefulness
as a drill, however, places it at the top
of the list.

Fig. 2 illustrates how the drill is
used. To the left we show it in position

Fig. 2

for drilling a hole into a wall. The
symbol of a hand shows it is held with
one hand, while the arrow shows how
the blows of the hammer strike it. Just

below this we show how the sand and
dust fall to the floor, indicating that
the drill cleans out the sand and dust
from the hole automatically. To the

Scaid-Dust

§■

Fig. 3

right the drill is shown in position for
drilling a hole into a cement floor. Such
holes are not cleaned out automatically,
but some special means must be em-

•7Tn Cayi

Fig. 4

ployed for cleaning out the dust, other-
wise a dust cushion will retard or even
stop the progress of the work.

Fig. 3 shows the same layout, except-
ing that the drills have been removed,
and we show a time pump being used
for blowing out the dust from one of the
holes. This is practical. Removing the
dust in this way keeps the concrete
dry, and when the wood plug is driven
into the hole, it does not swell. When
a plug is driven into a hole where the
concrete is wet, it swells, and when it

THE CARPENTER

dries out again, it becomes too small for
the hole, which damages and in some
cases, destroys its holding power.

Fig. 4 shows a layout similar to what
has been shown in the two foregoing-
illustrations. Here water is used for
cleaning the dust out of the holes,
which has its advantages and its dis-
advantages. Water softens the concrete,
which in turn makes the drill cut faster
— it also washes the dust out of the
hole constantly, so that the drilling is
never retarded by reason of the accu-
mulated dust in the hole. The disadvan-
tages are, first that in case of wooden
plugs, it will swell the plugs, the re-
sults explained in Fig. 3, and second,
that the water causes splashing unless
some means of preventing it is employed.

Fig. 5

I am showing two ways of preventing
splashing. To the left is shown a large
leather washer slipped onto the shank
of the drill, which does not prevent
splashing completely, but prevents it
from splashing upward, as a study of
the illustration will reveal. To the right
is shown perhaps the best methods of
preventing splashing. Here a tin can is
slipped onto the shank of the drill, just
over a small leather washer. The hole
in the tin can through which the drill
slips should be large enough so that the
can will not lift off the floor when the
drill is pulled up. This hole would per-
mit some of the splashing to escape,
were it not for the leather washer that
Is shown where the tin can has been
cut out on the illustration.

Fig. 5 shows by the top drawing a
side view of a plugging chisel, and by
the bottom drawing an edge view of the
same chisel. This chisel can be made
out of tool steel by any blacksmith.
The thickness of the blade is about 3/16
of an inch, more or less, depending on
the kind of joints the plugging is to be
done in.

Fig. 6 shows a brick wall in part.
showing at A how the plugging chisel
is used for cutting out the mortar from
a horizontal joint. At B we have a face

view, heavily shaded, of the joint
with the mortar removed, ready for the
wooden plug to be inserted. At C is

_;1_

Fig. 6

shown how the chisel is used in cutting
out the mortar from a perpendicular
joint, while at D is shown, also shaded,
such a joint with the mortar removed,
ready for the wooden plug.

Fig. 7 shows by the top drawing a
side view of a drill with a chisel point.
At A, the bottom drawing, we have to

Fi£

the left a view of the chisel point drill.
looking straight at the point, and to
the right we have an edge view of the
point of a chisel point drill. To the left
of B, we have the point, looking straight
at it, of a C drill, and to the right we
have a view of the hollow part. This

H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS

ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 U. Roof framing
complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $-.00.

BUILDING. — Has 210 p. and 495 11.. coTering form
building, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.

CARPENTRY.— Has 302 p., 754 il., covering general
house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.

BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p.
670 il., and about 7.000 building trade terms. $3.00.

QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac-
tical building problems, has 252 p. and 670 il. $2.50.

The above five books support one another.

TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only SI. 00.

PUSHING BUTTONS.— Illustrated prose. Only $1.00.

FREE. — With 2 books, one $1.00 book free, with
4 books, two, and with 5 books, three. Books auto-
graphed.

C. 0. D. orders, postage and C. O. D. fee added.
Order u U CIITf^C'l IT 222 So. Const. St.
today. ■■• ■■• Olt^attt Emporia, Kansai

THE C A R P E X T E R

drill cuts faster and makes a more near-
ly round hole than the chisel point drilL
jnst explained. As C. to the left, we
show the point of an S drill, looking

straight at the point, and to the right
we liave a side xiew of the same point.
TMs drill, if made of good steel, cuts
fast and also makes a reasonably good
hole.

All 01 :::e dr:::s repr^ = rn:ed bj F:?. 7.
and also :!:-; \j\'i^2:i-^z chi-rl ;l:o".vi^ :n
Fig. 5 can be made by any blacksir.;:::.
In fact, these drills and plugging chi.sels

SAW FILER

Saves You Time, Money

^«^

y^r(fi»^

THE SPEED COMPANY

ep-t. A 2025 N.E, Sandy, PorlloTid 12, Ore.

ORDER TODAY!

should frequently be resharpened by
a blacksmith, in order to give them
the proper form. Othervrise, they are
sharpened with a grinder or with a file.
Fig. 8 shows by the top drawing a
ball peen hammer, which is commonly
used for driving plugging chisels and
drills. The bottom drawing shows a
machinist's or blacksmith's hammer,
which is also used for driving plugging
chisels and drills, but not as much as
the ball peen hammer.

—PRICE LIST—

Label and Emblem Novelties

Card Cases i Label i S .10

Key Chains (Label) 15

Fobs (Label and Emblem i . .50

Gavels (Labels) 1.25

Pins I Emblem I 1.0 0

Eijiitons (^Emblem,! 2.00

Cufi: Links (^Emblemi 1.50

;Ma:ch Bos Holders ( Label > .15

Belt Loop and Chain (.Label) .75

I-'ins. Ladies Auxiliary i Em-
blem; 1.75

Auto Badiaror Emblems. . . 1.25

In Ordering These Goods Send All Orders
and Make All Remittances Payable to

FRANK DUFFY, Gen. Sec,

Carpenters' Bid.. 222 E. Michigan St.
Lndiiuiapolis, Ind.

STEEL SQUARE

HAND
BOOK

Completely Revised

;rence carry SI. 50 postpaid

x6?) gutde Personal eheek or rawey order acceptable.

Money back gTxarantee if not entirely satisfied

Da A. ROGERS Enclcstd Si.;o. Fcrs-ard tj reium maU your Carpenters &

5344 Ciintcn Avenue Buiiders' Praiuc^; B'.jts fir Lsyiiig Qui Work.

MinneaDcli: 9, Minn.

Name,
' T«wu_

_ AddrsM

Strte-_

WILLIAM BRYANT -- Master Saw Maker

For thirty-two years, "Billy" Bryant has
bfeu making saws at our Lawrenceburt,'
plant. He's become an expert saw filer
and is proud of every saw that passes
through his hand. One reason why the
name "OHLEX-BISHOP" on a saw
means quality workmanship and superior
design.

906 Ingleside Ave.

Columbus 8, Ohio

Yes, anti equally effi-
cient while planing,
drilling and sa^ving. Stow Met-
al dor-V-ise is sturdily built to firmly
hold any size door. Rubber padded
jaws increase grip and prevent dam-
age. Wide non-skid feet will hold on
any %voi'king surface.

• Heavy duty • 20 inches long

• Cast aluminum • Easy to operate

• Weighs only 2 ^/4 lbs. • Use any place

W£ PAY POSTAGE

SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER

(ALL COD. ORDERS $9.65 PLUS POSTAGE)

STOW METAL PRODUCTS CO.

•t. C^8 .... Stow, Ohio

Self -Examination

By H. H. Siegele

(Copyriglit HI 48)

All of the information in this self-
examining test pertains to carpentry or
to some other building trade. This
check-up on yourself will help fix the
right answer in your mind, and at the
same time you can make it an inter-
esting pastime. The questions are fol-
lowed by multiple choices, A, B, C,
and D. Check the answer you think
correct, and when you have them all
checked, consult the answers below,
which should be covered while you are
doing the checking.

1. The rise per foot run of a one-
fourth pitch roof is — A, 8 inches; B,
6 inches; C, 10 Inches; D, 7 inches.

2. A rowlock course of brick is laid
— A, on end with the length vertical
and width at right angles; B, length
parallel with the face of the wall: C,
on edge with end exposed; D, on edge
with side exposed.

3. The scrub plane is used mostly to
— A, cut the tongue off hardwood floor-
ing; B, to smooth off a piece of timber;
C, to make door jambs fit tight against
the wall; D, to fit doors.

4. The most common miter cut is —
A, 40 degrees: B, 45 degrees; C, 50
degrees; D, 3 5 degrees.

5. The sum of the rise and run of a
step in stair building is approximately
— A, 17 inches: B, 14 inches: C. 18
Inches; D, 16 inches.

6. What is called a check in lumber
is — A, a patch of bark partially or
wholly Inclosed in the wood: B. distin-
tegration of the wood substance, due
to the action of wood destroying fungi;
C, any irregularity occurring in or on
wood; D, a lengthwise separation of the
wood, which usually occurs across the
rings of annual growth.

7. A left-hand door, on opening it.
swings — A, both ways: B, clockwise;
C, counterclockwise; D on rollers.

8. Shingles 16 inches long for roofs
should not be exposed to the weather
more than A, ^Yz inches: B, 5 inches;
C, 6 inches; D, 4 inches.

9. The most common way of showing
the size of windows on a blue print is —
A, glass size; B, width of rough open-
ing; C, sash size; D, width of sill.

10. The sides of window sash are
called — A, muntins; B, stiles; C, meet-
ing rails: D, mullions.

The answers are:

1, B; 2, C; 3, D; 4, B; 5, A; 6, D;
7, C; 8, B; 9, A; 10, B.

The finest hand drill
we've ever made

You can't see this new hand
drill, heft it, grip its smooth,
warm handle, spin its drive
gear — without knowing it's right
for you, in performance, dura-
bility, value. See it at your
hardware store. Millehs F.axls
Company, Greeniield, Mass.

• Completely enclosed
maehine-eut cast-iron
drive gear and steel
pinion.

• Tongh durable plas-
tic handle containing 8
drill points 1/16" to
11/64"; wiU hold stand-
ard twiil drilli,

• New true-running
1/4" chnek.

• Gray enameled die-
cait aluminnm frame
and gear cover.

MILLERS FALLS
Va" hand drill No. 104

Celebrating 80 Years of Toolmaking

HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESUONAl WAY!

rouDOTH,s E-Z IVlark Butt Gauge

The

right
be, in

pablishers o.

to reject all

the

may

e to

OTICE

reserve

which

"The Carpenter"
adTenisujg matter
en-., lic.'sir cr ot;r

le'ii^itlli^cr.;

• 7-

..,.-

i z.g:.:i c: :

AND GET THIS

• Hang more doors better.

• No adjustments. No errors.

• Used and approved by Master
mechanics.

• Comes in 34" and 4" (standard) sizes

• Precision made.
Cost OXLT $1.75 ea., or $3.-50 a set
at your hd^. store. If dealer can't sup-
ply = ^r.i "7 .?■_ : vrith order and pay
c:;-.iii.'. z^'.^-\ ;:_; jjstage C.OJ>. InCan., .SS.rs .-.C.O.Ij.

E-Z }.L\RR TOOLS, Box 8377 DepL C, L<3S Angeles 16, Cil.

COMES
LEATHESrrTE CAiE

Index of Advertisers

Cai-penters' Tools and Accessories

Page
Accurate Die & Tool Co., Cleve-
land, Ohio 2nd Cover

American Floor Surfacing Ma-
chine Co., Toledo, Ohio 4

E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis,

Ind. ^th Cover

Bensen Square Co., Brooklvn,

N. Y. J_2nd Cover

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 32

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover

Master Ru.e Mig. Co., White

Plains, N. Y. 31

E. Z. Mark Tools, Los Angeles,

Calif. 30

Millers Falls Co., Greenfield, Mass. 30

Ohlen-Bishop, Columbus, Ohio 29

Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crov,-ley, Salem, Ore. 4

The Speed Co., Portland, Ore 28

The Speed Corp., Portland, Ore — 31
Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn._3rd Cover
Stow Metal Products Co., Stow,

Ohio 29

E. Weyer, New York, N. Y 31

Carpentry Materials

The Celotex Corp., Chicago, 111 3

Johns -Man ville Corp., New York,
N. Y. 32

Technical Courses and Books

American School, Chicago, 111. 32

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago. 111. 31

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y 3rd Cover

Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, III. 1

Mason Engineering Service,

Kalamazoo, Mich. 30

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 28

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 27

Tambiyn System, Oenver, Colo._2nd Cover

TWO AIDS FOR SPEED AND ACCURACY

^30UR CHART Blu.pr^nt27"X36'-

"The FRA-AUXG SQL\ARE" (Chart)

Explains tables on framing squares. Shows how
to find lengths of any rafter and make its tuts;
find any angle in degrees: frame any polygon 3 to
16 sides, and cu-t Its mitres: read beard feet rafter
and brace tables, octagon scale. Gives other valu-
able Information. Also includes Starting Key and
Radial Sa* Chart for changing pitches and cuts
i-*: i-.".---i\ and minutes. Every carpenter should
have t-i; ;-:-*., Now printed on both sides, makes about
13 sg-5-e ftet :f printed data showing squares full size.
Priee $1.00 postpaid, no stamps.

.SLIDE CAIXTTEATOR for Rafters

Makes figuring rafters a einch: Shows the length of any
rafter having a run of from 2 to 23 feet: longT- lengths are
found by doubling, C:'. = -; :7 di = ;-er;t fi:::.;;. S-:*; :^^c:;o3
of hies and va;!;>;. ■; '.r.T: ;n':, ;a:k',;. s"d gi.^: :'; :^:; "'ir
each pitch, also :-.'-. a":l; in cegrees a'd r. ",.:;•:. F = ;:;vt

met?

d known, el.mir,;
an read numbers
de Calculator de
rs and Architects

iHiO

■en ^.- it. NOT A SLIDE RULE but
ignej especially for Carpenters, Con-

trsctcrs and Architects. Lnusinds in use. PriCC $2.&0

postpaid. Check or M. 0., no stamps.

MASON ENGINEERING SERVICE
2105 N. Burditk St, Dept. 3, Kalamazoo 81, Mirfi.

SAWCUMP ^ "^

Speed Up Saw Filing!

'■ Money- Back
\ ^^ ^ ^>Guarante« V^

Money with or-
der, prepaid.
C.O.D. postage extra
Grips entire length of saw . . a full 30 inclies. Attaches
or releases from work bench in only 15 seconds. Also can
be used for band sans. Made to last a lifetioie. Sturdy,
all steel construction. Gripping edges ground to hold en-
tire length of saw true with no vibration.

THE SPEED CORPORATION

2025-A N.E. SANDY

PORTLAND 12, ORE.

SOLVE ROOF PROBLEMS INSTANTLY

IN TEN SECONDS.'/ All 11 1
lengths and cuts of rafters
for simple and hip roofs.
Just set dial to "pitch" &
"run," and the other fig-
ures show up in windows.
Unlike rafter tables, run is
^et directly in feet and in-
ches. There is no need to
adjust later for thickness
of ridge board. Cuts giv-
en in degrees and squcrre
readings.

t jm

^:-i~

RAfTER DIAL $1.95 Order from: E. Weyer, Dept. H,
P.O. Box 153, Planefarium Station, New York 24, N. Y.

'-/ya:m\ '^E^^.W examination

Learn to driw plans, estimate, be a Uve-wlre builder, do
remodeling, take contracting Joba. These 8 practical, pro-
fusely illustrated books cover subjects that irlU help you
to get more work and make more money. Architectural de-
sign and drawing, estimating, steel square, roof framing,
construction, painting and decorating, heating, air-condi-
tioning, concrete forms and many other subjects are included.

BETTER JOBS -■ BETTER PAY "^-^,^-?i^S

The Postwar building boom Is in fuU E U 11 I f N

swing and trained men are needed. These books ara
Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to-
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete
ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub-
handy, permanent reference information lished on these
•hat helps solve building problems. many subjects.
Coupon Brings Eight Big Books For Examination

AMERICAN TEcFNicAT SOCIETY ~Vocatio~allubiishcrs since" 1898
Dept. G336 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.

You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your eight
big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges
only, and if fully satisfied In ten days, I will send you
J2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In any
way unless I keep the books.

Name

Address

City State

Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one business
man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.

For Real Accuracy on the Job

..MASTER

pMM|.,Mi^Ti;MN|.|im|m.|iM|Ui|m| np'^.m jj i^A

lfe'^/,,./^f;/,;?'.v.l.,./r^^:v",f,v:^,^^^•rl^".^.^.l.,R44

Many mechanics whose jobs call for real accuracy are now using the
Master Brite-Blade. This outstanding steel tape rule has a trim, nickel
plated, zinc alloy case that will withstand the roughest kind of treatment.
The contrasting jet black graduations on the snow white, non-peeling, non-
chipping, blade makes reading even in dimly lighted places easy. Brite-
Blade can be used for inside

measure, too, and blades can be \
replaced. Comes with 6 or 8 ft.
tapes. See your hardware or
building supply dealer or use the
coupon.

> - . REG;U.S.PAT.OFF.^- - / i

MASTER RULE MFG. COMPANY, INC., Dept. E-3
201 Main Street, White Plains, N. Y.

Gentlemen: Please send me D 6 ft. Brite-Blade
($1.75) n 8 ft. Brite-Blade ($1.90). Check,
Money orde.- is enclosed.

Name

Address

City State

This popular asbestos roof is fireproof,

rotproof, and...

You could actually lay American Colonial
Shingles blindfolded! No chalk lines or
measuring necessary.

It's an Asbestos Strip

Johns-Manville

fc^ifSiM^

• Onfy 80 pieces per square-
the same as an asphalt strip

• Automatic alignment — self-
spacing

• Only 4 nails per shingle in pre
punched holes

• Easy-to-use Shingle Cutters
speed application

Asbestos Shingles

^7hi^ Ia the. u/au
t»7nake'

MACHINE SAW FILING

•with the Foley Automatic
Saw Filer is the modern way
to recondition saws. Any-
one can do the work — no
experience needed — no eye-
strain. Start in spare time
— Foley-filed saws cut so
smooth and fast, they will
advertise for you, bring
you new customers and a
steady repeat cash business.

The Foley is the ONLY machine
tliat files all hand saws, also
band and cross-cut circular eaws,
—enables you to handle
work from schools, shops
and factories as well as
farmers, carpenters, etc.

Send for FREE PLAN

Shows how to start
— no canvassing.

Send coupon
today.
IMMEDIATE
DELIVERY

''Pr. one iear u. - Saw
^ajTi as m,,-L '^"J days /

filed 2,159 saJTir/'^'^v,
Ih* wort ■• *'*P up wth

penier / j "^ ' m a car
' '="' take cafe t™""* "^

F0LEY^:^.^,,^5AW FILER

FOLEY MANUFACTURING CO.

318-8 Foley BIdg., Minneapolis 18, Minn.
Send Free Plaa OQ Saw Filing business, ao obligation

NslfM

BE READY FOR
A BETTER JOB
AT BIGGER PAY

Thousands of

Trained Men

Will Be Needed

The Building boom is well under way. Xew homes
and other structures to be built will provide u tre-
mendous number of well-paid jobs. Men trained
in Architecture. Drafting, Contracting, Carpen-
try and related building trades will cash in BIG
on their knowledge and skill. YOU can train in
spare time at home, at low cost, for a big-pay
job in this rich field. American School can help
you to success just as it has helped others dur-
ing it 51 years. Check, fill in and mail coupon
NOW. for FREE information.

AMERICAN SCHOOL

Dept. B344, Drexel Ave. at 58th St., Chicago 37, III.

Send me FREE information about your special tralnine
plan covering subjects checked below.

D Ach!tecture & Building D Automotive Engineering
D Drafting and Design D Diesel Engineering

D Contracting

D Proctical Plumbing

D Air Conditioning

D Refrigeration

D Electrical Engineering

D Mechanical Engineering

D Plastics Engineering

D Aviation D Radio

D Business Management

D High School Courses

[STANLEY]

Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.

HARDWARE •HA1\/D TOOLS - ELECTRIC TOOLS

harpening tools
and other odd jobs. Cuts wood, metal, steel, con-
crete, glass and tile; and when set in a sturdy
floor stand, can be used as a table saw, a shaper
or a bench grinder— depending on accessories used.
Operates from any regular outlet.
Ask Hardware Dealer or write Power Tool Division.

MALL TOOL COMPANY

7751 South Chicago Avenue, Chicago, 19, Illinois

AUDELS Cai'penters
and Builders Guides

'4vols.*o

Building Mechanics i
Bll tt'oodworkcro. Thcaa
Guides give you the ahort.cut
Instructions that you want —
Includinj new methods, ideas,
solutions, plans, ayslems and
money savine auggcstions. Aa.
easy progressive course for th«
apprentice and student. A.
practical daily helper and
Quick Reference for the master
worker. Carpenters every-
where are using these Guides
as a Helping Hand to Easier
Work. Belter Work and BeU
ter Pay. To get this assisU
for yourself^ simply Wl

In and I

I tha FR££ COU-

Inside Trade Information On: fon b«iow

How to use the eteel square — IIoto to file and set
saws — How to build furniture — How to use a
mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How to use
rules and scales — How to make joints — Carpentera
arithmetic — Solving mensuration problem*— Es-
timating strength of timbers — How to sot girdera
and sills — How to frame houses and roofs — How to
e.'<timate costs — How to bii.id houses, barns, gar-
ages, bungalows, etc. — How to read and draw
plans — Drawing up specifications — How to ex-
cavate—How to use settings 12. 13 aiid l< on the
steel square — How to build hoists and scaHolds —
skylights- How to build stairs— How to put on
interior trim — How to haoB doors — How to lath^
lay floors — How to paint

AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10. N. Y.

Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days (re*
trial. 11 OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is paid.
Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfied.

Employed by-

CAS

ATKINS

makes the job
EASIER from
start to finish

Yes, for every sawing job there's a particular
Atkins Saw to make that job easier... a saw that
cuts faster, cleaner. In it all the skill, knowledge and
mprovement gained in 91 years of saw-making ex-
perience combine with Atkins' famous"Silver Steel"
to give you a saw of superb cutting performance.

Atkins saws have the design and balance that
makes them handle better, the extra keenness that
bites through wood smoothly, with less effort. Be-
cause they are made of "Silver Steel", Atkins
require fewer sharpenings to keep them at their
smooth cutting best.

For a better saw that stays on the job, to lighten
your job, get Atkins.

5 Favorites from the Complete

Atkins Line of Sows for Every Cutting Job

Alkins No. 400 Straight Back— Beautifully balanced blade
has mirror polish. Solid rosewood handle in"Perfection" pat-
tern that prevents wrist strain. Taper ground 5 gauges for
easy clearance. Carefully hardened and tempered. Filed
and set ready for use. Ship point pattern.

No. 65 straight Back — Fine quality for general corpentry. Taper
ground. Damaskeen polish blade, filed and set for use. Carved
apple handle. Ship pattern.

No. 2000 Straight Back— Light but stiff tempered blade,
taper ground, polished and etched. New "Perfect-Grip"
apple handle is close to blade for easy handling. Ship
pottern.

No. 37 Compass Sow — 17 x I 8
gauge blade hardened, tempered
and polished. 8 points per inch.
Filed and set. Plastic handle.

No. 39 Keyhole Saw — Ground
18x19 gouge for easy clearance
with minimum set. 1 0 points per in.
Uniform temper. Filed and set.
Plastic handle.

HOME OFFICE AND FACTORY:

ATKINS

E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY • 402 S. niinois street, Indlanapolis 9, Indiana
BRANCH FACTORY: Portland, Ore. • BRAKCH OFFICES: Atlanta, Chicago, Nevr Orleans, Nev/ York, San Francisco

mmmm^^^mm^mmmmmm^mBmmmm^mvmm

CROSSCUTS • CIRCULAR SAWS • HACK SAWS • BACK SAWS o COPING SAWS

i^ARPENTER

FOUNDED 1881

Official Publieation of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

THE BALLOT BOX

For over 170 years the ballot box has been the
cornerstone of the American way of life. Through
the ballot box American workers have achieved
the right to self-organization, the right to bar-
gain collectively, the right to sell or withhold
their labor as their best interests dictate.

Today, as most of these rights stand in jeopardy,
the ballot box once more looms as the most
potent weapon in the arsenal of the common
man. You and I must use it wisely and well. We
owe it to ourselves and our families and our
fellow workers to register promptly and vote
intelligently.

APRILS 1948

Two of Every Three Homes

are good.^^^^'

Upson Kuver-Krak Panels are moving to lumber dealers
in larger quantities.

Now, you too can join the thousands of carpenters
who are starting again to make good money installing
Upson Ceilings every month of the year. Simple carpen-
try is all it takes. And it is your market.

(1) Plan your paneling for good balance, breaking
up the area into three or more parts. (2) Apply furring
strips right over unsightly ceilings on 16" centers. Provide
backing for aU four edges of each panel. (3) Nail Upson
Floating Fasteners to furring strips 8" apart. (4) Apply
panels to Fasteners. (5) Apply cornice around outer
edges of ceiling. Then apply Upson Duplex raoulding
strips over joints.

Get starteH no'"' To every carpenter who writes

us for FREE direc-
tion sheets, we will
also send FREE — a
high quality Carpen-
ter's Apron.

1 . The amazing Upson Floating Fastener provides
normal structural movement of studs and jo
^avoids face nailing.

2. Inside corner detail
with Upson Shad-O-
Line Moulding.

3. Cornice detail
Upson Shad-0
Moulding,

Easily Identified By f/ie Famous BLUE Center

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— Con tents —

Building Trades Adopt Pact

The Building Trades Department and the National Association of Employers for the
construction industry adopt an agreement which sets up o National Joint Board for the
settlement of jurisdictional disputes. The agreement is in no way an endorsement of
the Taft-Hartley Act and our Brotherhood is participating only with that understanding.

Clean the Slate in '48

Walter Mason, AFL Legislative Representative, summarizes the rank failure of the
present Congress to meet the challenge of the times. The only definite program that has
come from Capitol Hill in the past year is a program designed to wreck organized labor
and nullify every piece of pro-labor legislation enacted since the turn of the century.

They Aren't Satisfied

Passage of the Taft-Hartley Act has not satisfied the vested interests which wrote
it and had it enacted into law. They are now out to wreck the unemployment insurance
program, the Fair Labor Standards Act, Social Security and all the other pro-labor legis-
lation on the statute books. All they need is a few more rubber stamps in the House
and Senate to odd to the many whom they already control.

NLRB Starts Floundering

Thanks to the unworkable features of the Taft-Hartley Act, the National Labor Rela-
tions Board is already beginning to flounder under the heavy case load even though the
maximum load is still some months away. In the end the NLRB is certain to bog down
in red tape, boondoggling and delay just as the War Labor Board did during the war.

OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Plane Gossip

Editorials

Official

In Memoriani

Correspondence -

To the Ladies

Craft Problems

10
16
19
20
21
24
26

Index to Advertisers

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^ BUILDING TRADES ADOPT PACT

EETING in Washington, D. C, Thursday, March nth, the presi-^,
dents of the nineteen National and International Unions which
comprise the Building- and Construction Trades Department of
'I the American Federation of Labor placed their stamp of approval on an
agreement which sets up a National Joint Board for the settlement of
jurisdictional disputes. Signatories to the agreement are the National
il Association of Employers in the construction industry and the Building
and Construction Trades Department of the American Federation of
Labor.

As outlined in the preamble, objectives of the agreement are few and
simple: (a) continuous operation of the industry with a minimum of
, government interference; (b) provision for a final and authoritative dis-
I position of jurisdictional disputes with assurance that such disposition will
\ be made by an impartial but informed tribunal that is fully familiar with
I the industry and its methods and problems rather than by political appoin-
, tees or hirelings; (c) stabilization of the industry in the best interests of
the employers, the unions and the general public. The agreement is not
in any way an endorsement of the Taft-Hartley Act, and our Broth-
erhood became a party thereto only with that understanding. The em-
ployers and the Building Trades Unions were working on such an agree-
ment long before the Taft-Hartley Act was passed. For the past several
, years they have been exchanging views and ideas, and one of the impor-
' tant points the unions had in mind constantly was the elimination of poli-
tical direction of labor relations in the construction industry, — especially
the arbitrary, unworkable kind of direction contained in the Taft-Hartley
Act.

Under the terms of the agreement as now adopted there is established
a National Joint Board for the settlement of jurisdiction disputes in the
construction industry. It is to consist of an impartial chairman and two
members of the Building Trades Department. There is also set up a labor

I and industry pool of twenty-four members ; twelve representing the em-
ployers and twelve representing the Building Trades. The latter are to be
the eight vice presidents of the Building and Construction Trades Depart-

I ment, plus four General Presidents of the National or International Unions
affiliated with the Department.

When a dispute has been referred to the Joint Board, the chairman thereof

: shall select from the industry and labor pool two members from each

group, subject to the approval of the labor and industry members of the

Board of Trustees, who shall sit with him and assist him in passing judg-

, ment and rendering decisions. In making these selections from the indus-

6 THECARPEXTER

trv and labor pool, the two men selected from each group must be in no

Avay in\-oIved in the particular dispute to be handled.

The agreement also creates a Board of Trustees consisting of the Joint
Board Chairman and eight members — four representing labor and four
representing the employers. These industry and labor trustees shall have
the duty of selecting the impartial chairman for handling individual cases
as outlined above. The Board of Trustees shall first investigate the claims
of the disputing parties to determine whether or not a disposition of the
dispute in question has been made by a previous decision of record or
recorded agreement between the parties. For this purpose, all agreements
and decisions recognized under the provisions of the Building and Con-
struction Trades Department shall be considered as constituting the record
on which the Board of Trustees will issue its ruling. The Board of Trus-
tees is also vested with the authority' to establish such precedural regula-
tions and administrative practices as may be deemed necessary for the
effective administration of the agreement ; same to be consistent with the
expressed terms of the agreement.

First General \"ice President, ]\I. A. Hutcheson, has been nominated
as a labor member of the highly important Board of Trustees. The cost
of administering the entire program is to be borne jointh' by the National
Association of EmploA'ers in the construction industry and the Building
and Construction Trades Department of the American Federation of
Labor.

The agreement represents the fruit of much serious discussion between
the employers and the Building and Construction Trades Department over
a period of many months. At the last convention of the Building and
Construction Trades Department, held in San Francisco last October, a
detailed report of progress was presented to the delegates by the officers
in their annual report, and since that time work has been carried on with
all possible speed. Last month the presidents of the National and Inter-
national Unions that make up the Building and Construction Trades
Department met in Washington, D. C, and voted acceptance of the agree-
ment as finally drafted. The agreement is to go into effect as soon as the
machinery therein provided for has been set up and declared ready to
begin operations. It is to remain in full force and effect until December
31st and for each year thereafter unless one signatory notifies the other in
writing at least thirt}' days before the end of any 3^ear that changes or
termination is desired. However, b\^ mutual consent, the agreement may
be amended at any time.

The agreement is the answer of the construction industry to those who
have long criticized and belittled both unions and the emploj^ers for what-
ever disagreements have developed from time to time. These people have
never lost an opportunity to magnify and distort every dispute to their
own ends; nameh' to place industrial relations under the domination of
political bureaus and political hirelings. Under the agreement, construc-
tion people will solve construction problems, and the college professors,
ward heelers and professional politicians will be left to wield their influ-
ences in other fields.

Why Labor Must- -

Clean The Slate in '48

By W.4X,TER MASON, AFL Legislative Representative

(Excerpts front a speech delivered before the mid-winter political action meeting of the Indiana
State Federation of Labor held in Indianapolis February 2Jst and 22nd.)

ir ir ic

I WANT TO SAY that this Congress has directly or indirectly
repealed practically every piece of legislation that benefited labor and
the working class people in this country in the last 60 years.
In order to point out to you the significance of what has actually hap-
pened I would like you to bear with me while I make a brief summary of
what they actually have done.

The Taft-Hartley Act is only one act and a lot of people look at it as
one act. It is really an accumulation of 30 various anti-labor bills put into
one omnibus bill. ■ —

It was back in 1913 that the or-
ganized labor movement was recog-
nized as a part of our society. At
that time the Organic Act of labor
was enacted and it was signed by
the late President Taft, the father
of this distinguished Senator from
Ohio, who is the author of the Taft-
Hartley Act.

Through the Organic Act the
Department of Labor was establish-
ed. It was set up to promote the
affairs and the welfare of the work-
ers and to provide for them profit-
able employment, and over the pe-
riod of years it has done a swell
job.

Then in 1914 the Clayton Act was
enacted, the Clayton Act, which de-
termined that human labor was not
a commodity in commerce and not
subject to suits under our anti-trust
laws.

Prior to the enactment of that act
our organized labor movement had
many trials and tribulations. When
we went out on strike to better
our standards it was considered by
the courts as a criminal conspiracy.
Our union officers were imprisoned
and everybody that went out on

strike was fined. I can relate to you
a decision in New York where 400
organized workers struck for an in-
crease in wages and they were fined
by a court of New York and found
guilty of conspiring for higher wag-
es and each one of them was fined.
But after that it only strengthened
our movement to fight further. We
banded together in a demand for
better conditions, and then we had
the Norris-LaGuardia Act, but prior
to that in 1914, and 1916 and '17,
when we entered the war, the Amer-
ican Federation of Labor stood be-
hind our government all through
that war and we turned out the
implements and weapons that were
necessary for the successful prose-
cution of the war and at that time
the American Federation of Labor
had between four and five million
members.

What happened after the war? It
is ironic with that same force that
is moving today. We were faced
with drastic wage cuts, we were
forced to strike, and the only differ-
ence between the strikes in 1919 and
the strikes in 1946 was that we lost
the strikes in 1919.

THE CARPENTER

"Why did we lose the strikes?
Because when a plant was struck
our union ofr.cers were imprisoned.
Injunctions by the courts were is-
sued against the strikers and ^ve
were not permitted to picket our
places of employment. As a result
we lost most of the strikes, and as
a further result the membership of
our movement gradually decreased.

But then the Norris-LaGuardia
Act was enacted, "«-hich declared
and recognized the labor unions,
that they had a right to strike as
a result of a labor dispute, and no
court was empowered to issue a
temporary or restraining order or
in;unct:or.. Following that the
Da"."i5-Bacon Act w^as enacted, the
Vv'alsh-Healey Act v.-as enacted and
the Fair Labor Standards Act was
enacted. Those three acts set Tip
minimum hours and wage standards
for the benefit of the people who
toiled, and they benefited most the
unorganized groups.

Then we come to the National
Labor Relations Act. which v.-as set
uo on sound principles and gave
the workers the right to organize
and forced the employers to sit
down and bargain with them if it
was determined that they were the
bargaining representatives and rep-
resented a majority of the employes
in a particular establishment.

I point these gains out to you in
an effort to point out the struggles
that were made bj' some of us here
and by our forefathers.

Xov\-. I want to say that all of
those benefits and all of those laws
that I just mentioned, by the Taft-
Hartley Act and other pieces of
legislation that vrere enacted in this
last session of Congress have been
directly or indirect-ly repealed.

Let me show you how that was
done. Thev didn't want to come out

and directly repeal these individual
laws, so I will take first the Organic
Act of Labor, which set up the De-
partment of Labor. In 1946 they
had an appropriation of S37 million
for the Department of Labor which
proved grossly inadequate to serv-
ice 50 milion w-orkers. So the Sec-
retar}^ of Labor asked for a higher
appropriation. What did Congress
do? Congress, instead of accepting
the recommendations of the Secre-
tary of Labor, reduced the appro-
priation to $18 million. Eighteen
million dollars to service 50 million
wage earners ! It makes the depart-
ment practically inoperative. It
took away from the Department of
Labor our conciliation service. It
took aw-ay the w^age and hour office.
It took away the United States Em-
ployment Service. And now the De-
partment of Labor and the Secre-
tary of Labor, who in my opinion
should be the top man of the Presi-
dent's cabinet, now operates as a
mere shell \vith no funds.

Then the portal-to-portal pay act
w^as enacted. I don't think to many
of us realize the importance of that
act. We hear so much Taft-Hartley
that we forget about some of the
other anti-labor legislation that was
enacted. Well, let me say in just a
few^ w^ords that the portal-to-portal
pay act practically, either directly
or indirectl}-, repealed the Davis-
Bacon Act, the Walsh-Healey Act
and the Fair Labor Standards Act.
It weakened those acts to a point
where the}- are now inoperative.

Let me mention some of the few
assinine provision of the act. They
endeavored to define compensable
Avorking time, so here is what they
did. They say that compensable
working time is governed by previ-
ous custom and practice and that is
that if an employer violated the
law now under the portal-to-portal

THE CARPENTER

act he is in cempliance with the
law. It tells another employer he
has to comply with the law, that
you still have to comply with that
law. It puts an honest employer at
a disadvantage with the employer
who deliberately violated the law.
In another provision they say that
if an employer violates the law in
good faith he is not liable. Now,
who is going to determine whether
an employer violates the law in
good faith or bad faith?

Provisions of that kind question
the intelligence of the average
American workman. It limits and
reduces the statute of limitations
whereby under the old law the stat-
ute of limitations was governed by
the states, which average was a pe-
riod of five years where you could
still collect damages owed to you
by your employer. So they re-
duced that to two years. If you
owed an employer or owed anybody
any money under your state laws,
he had five or six years under the
state law to collect it. But if the
employer ow^es you anything, you
only have two years.

Well, I could go on and mention
several other provision of the act,
but I don't want to take up too
much of your time.

Now I come to the Taft-Hartley
Act. The Taft-Hartley Act has di-
rectly or indirectly repealed the
Clayton Act, and the Norris-La-
Guardia Act.

Under the Clayton Act now your
union can be sued, your treasuries
can be drained; and believe me, if
that law stands on the book long
enough the employers will see that
they are drained.

Now, under the Norris-LaGuardia
Act. as amended by the Taft-Hart-
ley Law, we now have government
by injunction. If you are on strike
now the NLRB can petition the

courts for an injunction. They have
endeavored to shackle labor. They
have handcuffed us to a point that
we cannot operate freely under our
democratic system.

There is one other point that
might interest you, to show you that
this Congress is not only concerned
about labor unions, but they are con-
cerned about a selective group that
has to pay taxes.

We had a school lunch program
which was in operation for several
years. In 1946, 75 million dollars
was provided for that program. It
was insufficient and could only serv-
ice five million of our 25 million
school children. The Secretary of
Agriculture recommended six hun-
dred million dollars. A project of
this kind was in operation in Eng-
land. England provides three hun-
dred million dollars each year to
service only about one-sixth the
number of school children that we
have in this country. So instead of
appropriating sufficient funds to op-
erate that program properly so that
it would cover all of our school
children, they reduced it from 75
million to 65 million with the cost
of living during the period between
1946 and 1947 increasing over 25
per cent; it means now that hun-
dreds of thousands of our school
children that were receiving bene-
fits under the school lunch program
will now be deprived of those bene-
fits.

That is a summary of about
everything that Congress did in the
last session. They have destroyed
and practically repealed every piece
of legislation that was on the books
to benefit labor. In addition, they
did nothing about our critical hous-
ing shortage. They did nothing
about our national health insurance.
They did little or nothing about our
veteran legislation.

J] I l-J

THE DENHAM DANCE

Robert Denham, High Pasha of the
National Labor Relations Board, is con-
tinuing to pour ink on the muddy
waters surrounding the doings of the
Board under the Taft-Hartley Act. Al-
though admitting that union shop agree-
ments have contributed stability to the
construction industry, the all-seeing,
all-wise counsel for the Board insists
that union shop elections in the con-
struction industry will be held on a
regional basis; this despite the fact
construction has never been definitely
classified as interstate commerce.

An obscure lawyer before being ele-
vated to the key job in the new Labor
Board setup, Denham seems to have an
infinite capacity for doing the wrong
thing at the right time or vice versa.
The way he has been hopping around
on various issues sort of reminds us
of the little boy who was sent to danc-
ing school. When he got home from
his first lesson his mother asked him
how he got along.

Oh, dancing is easy," replied the tot,
"all you have to do is turn around once
in a while and keep wiping your feet."

Pay the finance company first . . . they
can take our furniture back, but the
doctor can't put Junior's tonsils bach.

NO LAUGHING MATTER

Although it is probably news to the
little woman who does the shopping in
your household, the cost of living has
declined. At least the Department of
Labor says so. Maybe the trouble is
that the manager of the store where we
do our shopping has never read the
Department of Labor reports because
so far as we can see a dollar's worth of
groceries still cost about two dollars
and seventy-five cents. A few more
months of present prices and we will be
finding ourselves in the same position
as the Denver worker whose debts piled
up on him. After receiving a couple of
particularly nasty duns from one firm,
the worker sent the company the follow-
ing letter:

"Once a month we put all our out-
standing bills on the table, draw six at
random, and pay them. If we receive
any more of your impudent duns, you
won't even get a place in the shuffle
next month."

WHO IS GENEVIEVE?

As this is being written, debate on
the Marshall Plan is reaching a climax.
So far as we can see, there is no alter-
native to the plan but to leave all Eur-
ope to the tender mercies of Mustache
Joe. On the other hand it was not long
ago that England was granted some
four billions in loans that were to put
her on her feet and several hundred
millions v/ere allocated to save Greece
Yet today England and Greece are as
deeply in the economic mire as they
ever were. So that leaves us about like
the sweet young thing who had just
accepted an engagement ring from her
chosen young man.

"There's just one thing that bothers
me," she said.

"What is that?" enquired the young
man.

"Well, when you called me that first
time and got the wrong number and
asked for Genevieve and I answered —
who is Genevieve?"

THE CARPENTER

NO MYSTERY

Wallace knows where he is going,"
announce headlines in a left-wing paper.

Yeh! about like the student navigator
who was carrying out exercises on the
Arizona desert. After pouring over his
charts and figures for a long time he
finally turned to his pilot and said:
"Take off your hat."

"Why?" asked the pilot.

"Because," replied the student, "if
we are where my calculations say we
are, we're in the middle of St. Paul's
Cathedral."

• • >*

PAUP COMES THROUGH AGAIN
"Woman," says Joe Paup, famous
beer-barrel philsopher and washroom
poet, "is a ereature who starts out by re-
sisting a man's advances and ends up
by blocking his retreat."

• • •

NO HALF-B.\KED THEORY
After messing around in his labora-
tory for several years, a scientist has
come forth with the theory that the
bleaching agent universally used to
make flour white is causing insanity
among bread and cake eaters.

Maybe so; but we have our doubts.
We still hold to the theory that if there
is anything about bread and cake that
makes people go nuts it is the prices
that are being charged for these com-
modities today.

• • •

THE NEW LOOK IN MUTTON CHOPS
Restaurant prices in the nation's capi-
tal are still on the rise. One fashion-
able eating place raised the price of its
meat dishes and then advertised in all
the daily newspapers: "Our lamb chops
have that 'New Look.' Their panties
have been lengthened two inches.' " All
that remains now is for some other
vise guy to raise his prices and explain
that he's now putting bustles on his
rump steaks.

• • •
NOTHING NEW

A novelty making firm has applied
for a patent on a toy that moos and
can actually be milked.

We do not know whether or not the
patent office knows it but there is al-
ready such a creature — the taxpayer.

• * •

More people are run down by gossip
than by automobiles.

ALL GOOD BUT THE MUSIC

At a recent editorial dinner in In-
dianapolis, a Republican Congressman
from Indiana spent an hour and a half
telling the assembled guests what a
wonderful record the present Congress
has achieved. To hear him tell it, the
80th Congress has solved all our prob-
lems. It all sounded fine, and except
for the fact that our Congressmen have
done nothing about inflation, housing,
budget reduction, runaway profits and
a few "minor" items of that kind, it
is all pretty straight stuff.

As we read Congressman's speech,
about all we could think of was one of
our favorite stories concerning a little
boy attending a music recital.

The music teacher was proudly pre-
senting her pupils in a recital. After
the extended musical program, ice
cream, cake, and fruit were served.
One of the young musicians had brought
her little brother along as a guest.

As the youngster was taking his de-
parture the teacher asked: "Well, Jim-
mie, did you enjoy the recital?"

"I sure did," Jimmie replied, "that
is, all but the music."

• • •
NO EXPERIENCE

"A man should be the master of his
own home or know the reason why,"
says a widely known psychologist.

Apparently the man is a batchelor,
because most wedded men aren't mas-
ters of their homes and they know the
reas&n why.

I think he's going crazy, Warden. He
keeps saying, "A whole room tO inyaelf
and a 10-year lease."

They ^ren V Satisfied

* *

As THIS JOURNAL predicted long ago, passage of the Taft-Hartley
Act has not satisfied the vested interests which wrote it and had
it enacted into legislation through Congressmen under their con-
trol. They are not satisfied because the Taft-HartleA' Act represents only
a minor skirmish in their overall battle campaign for wrecking organized
labor and wiping ofi: the statute books every piece of progressive legisla-
tion enacted in the last half a centurj-.

In a recent issue we described the plans these selfish groups have
worked out for wrecking the forty-hour and overtime provisions of the
Fair Labor Standards Act. They intend to do this through clever, sugar-
coated amendments. One ?mendment they are backing is an enactment
which would enable employers to •

negotiate contracts with their em-
employes calling for less than the
precribed time-and-a-half for over-
time. In other words, instead of
being assured by law of time-and-a-
half for everything over forty hours
as they now are, workers would
have to negotiate with em-ployers
for this privilege; or put another
Avay, under the amendment,- work-
ers would have to fight for the very
thing that they now get through the
Fair Labor Standards Act. Still an-
other amendment would limit all
overtime to ninety-six cents an
hour regardless of the straight time
rate. These amendments are right
now kicking around in Congress.
All the vested interests are waiting
for is a few more Congressmen
whom they can handle. There is
still a fighting minority in both
houses which stand in their way.
Their hope is that in the forthcom-
ing elections they will be able to
e!ect a few more Charley ^IcCar-
thys which will "assure them of clear
sailing.

But the Fair Labor Standards Act
is not the only piece of legislation

beneficial to labor which is under
attack. A well integrated plan for
Avrecking unemployment insurance
is also taking shape in Washington.
A bill that could certainly do the
wrecking job thoroughly is pend-
ing on Capitol Hill right now.
Sponsored by A. L. Reeves, Jr., of
Missouri, it is known as H.H. 4800.
At the present time, the unem-
ployment insurance program is ad-
ministered by the various states
under federal supervision. It is finan-
ced by a three per cent payroll tax
which is paid entirely by employ-
ers. Ninety per cent of the revenue
derived from the tax goes to the
individual states while ten per cent
goes to the federal government
which bears all the expenses of
administration incurred by the
states. Legislation now pending
would completely eliminate the
federal government from the pro-
gram and wipe out all the safe-
guards that now surround the ex-
penditure of unemployment insur-
ance funds. One of these safe-
guards surrounding expenditures
of unemployment insurance reserve

THE CARPENTER

funds is a provision that these funds
can be spent for no purpose other
than paying- unemployment insur-
ance to qualified workers. The pro-
posed legislation would wipe out
this safeguard and thus make the
reserve funds easy prey to the con-
niving of clever politicians.

A\'hen one realizes that there is
something like seven billion dollars
piled up in unemployment insur-
ance reserve fund, it is not difficult
to realize that state political ma-
chines would have the biggest slush
fund of all time at their disposal
once the proposed legislation be-
came laAv. Those who became un-
employed through no fault of their
own might never be able to collect
unemployment benefits, despite the
fact they had benefits coming, be-
cause the money would have van-
ished long since in the mysterious
way political machines have of mak-
ing funds disappear.

This tampering with unemploy-
ment insurance is an important mat-
ter to all Avorkers. Good times may
not alwa^^s be with us. Under the
present setup, sizeable reserve
funds have been collected. Pro-
tected by proper safeguards such
as exist at present, these reserves
should be ample to see the pro-
gram through a stretch of several
lean years. Let the politicians get
their hands on them once, and the
funds would soon go up in smoke,
and at the very time when workers
need the cushion of unemployment
insurance most none would be
forthcoming because of no funds be-
ing available.

But these safeguards surrounding
unemployment insurance funds are
not the only important provisions
of the present law under attack.
Under the law as now constituted,
a worker cannot be denied benefits
if he refuses to take a job in a

strike-bound plant, or in a plant
that pays sub-standard wages, or in
an industry where his union mem-
bership might be jeopardized. These
important provisions, too would
disappear if pending amendments
to the Fair Labor Standards Act
are passed.

The size of the reserve fund is
the ammunition which the vested
interests are using in their sly fight
to knock out the protective fea-
tures of the law and get the seven
billion dollars into the hands of state
political machines. They maintain
that seven billion dollars is "an enor-
mity of funds." Actually this is not
so. Unemployment has been negli-
gible during the past six or seven
years and returning veterans have
been provided for through the GI
Bill of Rights. Otherwise the re-
serve funds might not be so large.

Furthermore, benefits have not
been increased any despite the fact
it takes two dollars today to buy
what one dollar could buy when
present benefits were established.
But most important of all, it is
vital that adequate reserves be
maintained at all time so that the
unemployment insurance program
can be kept on a solvent basis in
case of a slump.

Contrary to the wishes of the
vested interests, the Social Security
Board recommends that in case re-
serve funds do become too great
that benefits be upped, coverage be
extended, the pay period length-
ened, and provision be made for
taking into consideration forced
idleness due to sickness. If these
things were done the seven billion
dollars would look much less like
an enormity; in fact it might well
look to be pitifully inadequate.

Commenting on the efforts of the
vested interests to emasculate the
entire unemployment insurance pro-

14 THE CARPENTER

gram and get the reserve funds passed. They will also succeed in

into the hands of political machines, wrecking the Fair Labor Standards

Representatives Dingell of Michi- Act and the unemployment insur-

gan recently said: ance program unless organized la-

"This plan, if adopted, would bor becomes cognizant of the dan-
mark the disintegration of the sys- ger. The next election will probably
tern of unemployment compensation tell the story. If the vested inter-
as we know it in this country today, ests put a few more of their rubber
It is in fact an insidious and danger- stamps into Congress, labor will lose
ous attack upon a system which is its shirt. On the other hand if labor
designed to afford a measure of eco- undergoes a political awakening
nomic security to workers." and elects its friends and defeats

The vested interests succeeded its enemies, the trend toward reac-

in getting the Taft-Hartley Act tionism can be halted.

"Study World Slave Labor" AFL Asks UN

AFL leaders joined with other prominent citizens in calling upon the United
Nations for a searching inquiry into slave labor conditions throughout the world
and urged an end to the practice of slave labor everywhere.

The statment, signed by more than 300 citizens, was released by Rev. Donald
Harrington, national chairman for the Workers Defense League.

Included among those backing the WDL action were William Green, president
of the AFL; Matthew Woll, AFL council member; Max Zaritsky, president of the
United Hat, Cap and Millinery Workers Union; Arnold S. Zander, president of the
State, County and Municipal Employes Union; H. L. Mitchell, president of the
National Farm Labor Union; A. Philip Randolph, president of the Brotherhood
of Sleeping Car Porters; and other AFL officials.

Rev. Harrington declared the primary emphasis of the inquiry must be on the
investigation of slave labor in Russian concentration camps where at least half of
the world's modern slaves are located.

Charging that the number of slave laborers in the world has increased to an
estimated 20,000,000, the signers of the statement publicly expressed their soli-
darity with these workers.

On the basis of the facts disclosed, the conscience of humanity must be mobi-
lized," the statement says. "Free labor is not secure while slave labor exists.
We assert that it is the positive duty of the United Nations to investigate and
publicize the facts about slave labor. We ask for the facts, and we demand the
end of slave labor everywhere in the world.

A delegation representing the Workers Defense League presented the statement
to Trygve Lie, secretary-general of the United Nations. It is expected that the
action of the WDL and its backers will add an impetus to consideration of the
slave labor problem by the UN, discussion of which was postponed by the Economic
and Social Council until July.

DEATH CAIiLS FORMER BOILERMAKER PRESIDENT

Death last month ended the long and active labor career of Joseph A. Franklin,
prominent official of the Boilermakers Union. Mr. Franklin was serving as presi-
dent emeritus of his organization at the time of his demise. In the year 1908,
Mr. Franklin was first elected active president of his union. He served in that
capacity until 1929. The following year he was again placed at the helm of the
Boilermakers and remained in that position until 19 44.

Mr. Franklin served on President Wilson's War Labor Board during World
War 1, acting as assistant director of labor disputes. He was 79 at the time of
his death.

N L R B Starts Floundering

* *

As predicted by AFL leaders the National Labor Relations Hoard has
been literally swamped with work since enactment of the Taft-Hartley
law.

A statistical report covering the board's activities in the first 6 months
under the legislation reveals that 12,500 cases were filed since August 22,
1947, more than were brought to the NLRB in any one of the board's first
full II years.

Under this avalanche of business, which is continuing at an ever
increasing rate, the backlog of cases pending disposition by the NLRB
rose to 9,500 nearly 2^ times the number of cases pending when the Taft-
Hartley law became effective.

Of this number, 1,600 cases were filed under the Wagner Act which
means that the 6-months accumulation of cases under the new law has
hit the astounding total of 7,900. Put in simple terms the NLRB at the
end of February was twice as far behind with Taft-Hartley cases alone
as it was after 11 years operation under the Wagner Act.

The 7,900-case Taft-Hartley backlog is broken down in 1.400 unfair
labor practice cases and 6,470 petitions for various types of elections.
Analysis of the election petitions received in the 6-month period shows
4,910 were for union shop authorization polls, 1,420 asked for collective
bargaining decisions, while 140 petitions for decertification elections were
filed.

H these statistics presented in the NLRB report seem amazing, the
predictions for the future loads of "red tape" in store for the board are
fantastic. Paul M. Herzog, NLRB chairman painted a dismal picture.

He predicted that the board will be swamped with over 60,000 cases
during the next fiscal year, beginning July i. That's more than 6 times
as much as the board handled annually under the Wagner Act.

Of the total, Herzog estimated 30,000 will be petitions for "union shop"
elections.

The board chairman forecast that 3,900 charges of ''unfair labor prac-
tices" will be filed against unions and about 4,000 against employers, or
almost 50-50. That disclosure pretty much demolishes the propaganda
that employers "will not make much use of the act to harass unions."

To the millions of American workers who remember the war years,
the growing backlog of business piling up before the National Labor
Relations Board is very discouraging.

From all indications the NLRB is headed even deeper into the mire,
thanks to the cumbersome, unworkable, untenable provisions of the Taft-
Hartley Act. That the NLRB is doomed to eventually strangle in its own
red tape seems inevitable. Before it does so. however, injustices, compli-
cations and delays may make a shambles of industrial relations.

Editorial

Avoid the Trojan Horse

Torn asunder by two cataclysmic wars in a single generation, the
world is slow to return to normalcy. Almost three years have elapsed
since the last shot was fired, yet the brave new world all of us dreamed of
in the trying days of 1944 and 1945 is still mostly a mirage. Tension,
mistrust, and ill will still exist between nations and peoples. Hunger,
want and hardship are still the lot of a major portion of the civilized
world. Yet the picture is not without its promising touches.

In India the teeming millions have achieved independence if not
harmony. The Indian constitution sets a new standard for liberalism
and individual freedom. That it is largely meaningless to date cannot
discount the fact that it is the basic factor in the Indian pathway toward
independence. It may take years or it may take generations, but in the
end Indians will learn to honor and respect and be governed by the historic
document, just as the Philippines are becoming adjusted to their outright
freedom. In other parts of the world, too, signs are encouraging. In
Java and Borneo and French Indo-China the people are working toward
independence and democracy. Even in Europe, confused as the situation
is, the news is not all bad.

Throughout substantial portions of the old world organized labor is
gradually arising Phoenix-like from the ashes of the old ruins. The
hardships are many and the obstacles are numerous but the workers of
Europe are rebuilding their great unions which were among the finest
in the world in the days before the war. Progress may be slow and set-
backs may be numerous, but the European unions are marching forward.
There is no other way of building strong and independent labor unions.
It took plenty of blood and tears to build the labor movement in this
country, and even today, in this supposedly enlightened age, trade union-
ism is under attack from the vested interests. Determination and states-
manship are still needed in America to keep organized labor from falling
prey to the interests which want unionism saddled with the 3''oke of
government control.

To the unions of Europe which are rebuilding under extremely adverse
conditions, our problems may seem insignificant. But in reality they are
not. At home or abroad, the fundamental principle of unionism must
be independence. The same Communistic influences that are trying to
wreck our unions here with a hoary Trojan horse disguised as "unity"
are working in the European unions, only on a much grander scale. With
their phony cry of "unity" the Kremlin agents are seeking to undermine
and destroy every vestige of genuine trade unionism on the continent.

In America, the working people have been too generously endowed
with common sense to fall for the fancy propaganda of the Communists.

THE CARPENTER 17

We sincerely hope that our European brothers are equally discerning.
The pathway of Communism ^\'ith its misleading cry of "unity" is the
pathway to serfdom and eventual slavery. On the other hand, the pathway
of genuine free and independent unionism is the pathway' to peace and
prosperity and a decent way of life for all who toil for a living. May our
European brothers always remember that.

•

One Asset We Dare Not Dissipate

Recent government figures reveal that unemployment hit the two and
a half million mark shortly after the first of the year. While they might
have a hard time convincing the two and a half million who are jobless
that it is so, economists insist, nevertheless, that the unemployment situa-
tion is nothing to get alramed about. They point out that seasonal layoffs,
workers changing jobs, etc. keep several million temporarily out of work
even in the best of times. Be that as it may. joblessness is never very
pleasant to the people who are victims of it. That the economy of the
nation is in a healthy condition is small consolation to a man or woman
who does not have a weekly pay check coming in these" days when high
prices make it difficult to live decently even with a steady income.

However, the saddest part of the whole situation is that unemploy-
ment is most prevalent among workers in the older age brackets. In fact
men and women over fifty-five constitute the vast bulk of the jobless pool.
Not only are more of them unemplo^-ed proportionately, but also it takes
much longer to place them on new jobs that it does younger workers;
this despite the fact that wartime experience proved older workers safer,
steadier and more conscientious employes in many industries. This trend
was in effect long before the war and apparenth^ it is going to continue
unless steps are taken to prevent workers still in the prime of their lives
from being dumped on the scrap heap for no reason other than that they
have reached an arbitrary age limit. If the problem is not recognized and
solved before very long serious consequences may develop.

It is estimated that by 1980 there will be some sixty million people in
this nation over the age of forty-five. Around twenty-one million of these
will be over sixty-five. At the present time the total number of people
employed is in the neighborhood of sixty million. This means that by
1980, if employers continue refusing to employ people over forty-five,
our total unemployed army will be approximately as big as our whole
working force is at the present time. If people are not working, they
must be supported by one means or another. How and when will the
nation be able to carry the financial burden in 1980 if the present trend of
forcibly retiring middle-aged workers continues?

The whole idea of arbitrarily refusing to hire men at any given age
is a silly and uneconomic one. Some men are youthful and spry at seventy
and others are comparatively old at fifty. While speed in some lines may
diminish with advancing years, skill and know-how increase as long as a
man lives. In the long run, older workers can generally hold their own
with their younger brothers.

In addition to the billions we have already spent, within the next few
years we are going to spend some seventeen or eighteen billions more to

18 THE CARPENTER

rehabilitate the peoples of other nations. Is it too much to ask that we
start figuring out ways and means of takrng care of our own discarded
workers, — men and women who through their work and tax contributions
built America and made it. strong-? Than the skill and brains of our
people, America has no greater asset. I" i ■ economically sound to dissi-
pate this asset just as we have dissipated much of our forests and farm-
land? Certainly the answer is a loud unequivocal "no."

The solution does not lie in a pittance or a dole of some kind. It lies
in making available work opportunities to all who are capable and willing
to work, whether they are eighteen or eighty, with the assurance that when
he or she has reached the end of his working days reasonable security
from poverty and want will be assured.

Perhaps this is an ambitious program. But if we can spend billions to
take care of people in other lands, surely we can spend a few dollars to
take care of our own displaced workers in their declining years.

The Figures Belie the Propaganda

The people of the nation now have had a full six month dose of the
Taft-Hartley Act, and to those who earn their living with the sweat of
their brows it has proved to be a bitter dose indeed. The framers of the Act
and those who supported it are diligently trying to sell it to workers as
a piece of beneficial legislation, but facts and figures belie their propa-
ganda efiforts.

According to the Labor Board's own figures, the number of represen-
tation elections it conducted in first four months after passage of the
Act dropped sharply. Out of the 1,395 requests by newly organized
groups during that period, the Board held only 507 representation elec-
tions. In the pre-Taft-Hartley era the average ran somewhere in the
neighborhood of 3,500 elections. In other words, whereas something like
3,500 groups of workers got a chance to get a union going before passage
of the Act, today only 507 groups are given that opportunity. Putting it
c-nother way, workers' chances of getting a union recognized and ready to
bargain for them have dropped practically eighty-five per cent under the
Act.

Furthermore, due to the "free speech for employers" provisions of
the Act, the "no union" vote in representation elections has increased
substantially. Judging by some employer letters we have recently seen,
about the only thing an employer is now prevented from doing is telling
workers bluntly that they will be fired if they vote for a union. He can
hint and imply the same thing but if he does not say so flat-footedly
there is no coercion involved. The increasing "non-union" ballots show
the results.

Yet in spite of these things, the Balls and the Tafts and the Hartleys
have the effrontery to tell workers that the Act is a good for them. But
the above figures belie their propaganda efforts: Bluntly put, for those
who believe in ■ free and independent unions, the Taft-Hartley Act is
poison; for those who believe in company unions or no unions at all,
the Act is a good thing.

Official Information

General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS

of AMERICA

General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General President

WM. L. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First General Vice-President

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Secretart
FRANK DUFFY
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis,

Second General Vice-President

JOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Treasurer
S. P. MEADOWS
Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis,

Ind.

General Executive Board

First District, CHARLES JOHNSON. JR.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bldg., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can,

Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman

712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C. FRANK DUFFY, Secretary

All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary

Notice to Recording Secretaries

The quarterly circular for the months of April, May and June, 1948,
containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to all Local Unions
of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in receipt of this
circular should notify Frank Duffy, Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis,
Indiana.

NEAV CHAJITERS

ISSUED

2433

Sumter, S. C.

2442

Dothan, Ala.

2437

AumsviUe, Ore.

3090

Norway, Ore.

2434

Moor Lake, Ont., Can.

2444

Pecos, Texas

2435

Inglewood, Calif.

2445

Sacramento, Calif.

2438

Columbus, Ohio

2447

Montreal, Que., Can

2439

Guymon, Okla.

2448

Fleischmanns, N. Y.

2440

Montreal. Que., Can.

2449

Tola, Kans.

3085

Hobart Mills, Calif.

3093

Memphis, Tenn.

2441

Corydon, Ind.

VOTE -- TO PRESERVE A FREE AMERICA

Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,

Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more

%t&i in l^tsctt

The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.

Brother HERBERT F. ANDERSON, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother GERALD W. ARNOLD, Local No. 2065, Iron Mountain, Mich.

Brother FLOYD G. BAILEY, Local No. 335, Graiid Rapids, Mich.

Brother OTTO BAUMAN, Local No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.

Brother VERNON BEST, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.

Brother WILLIAM BIER, Local No. 672, Clinton, Iowa.

Brother STANLEY LE BLANC, Local No. 1846, New Orleans, La.

Brother L. N. CAIN, Local No. 1723, Columbus, Ga.

Brother D. CEFARATT, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother OSBORNE A. COX, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother JOSEPH DALTON, Local No. 2163, New York, N. Y.

Brother W. W. DAVISON, Local No. 11, Cleveland, Ohio.

Brother SALVATORE DI NATALE, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother GEORGE DOWDING, Local No. 83, Halifax, N. S., Can.

Brother C. F. FERRELL, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.

Brother HENRY F. FISCHBACK, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother ERNEST E. FREDRICKSON, Local No. 13, Chicago, IlL

Brother WM. E. FREIBURG, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother JOHN FRENZEL, Local No. 672, Clinton, Iowa.

Brother CARL G. FULTON, Local No. 665, Amarillo, Tex.

Brother AGUSTUS L. GARREN, Local No. 384, Asheville, N. C.

Brother HARRY W. GIPPLE, Local No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.

Brother WILLIAM GRABDUNKEL, Local No. 210, Stamford, Conn.

Brother JAMES C. GREENWAY, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.

Brother ARTHUS HUDSON, Local No. 306, Newark, N. J.

Brother CORNELIUS KEIVITT, Local No. 325, Paterson, N. J.

Brother JOSEPH J. LENTZ, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother ISAAC LEWIS. Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother C. W. LINDSEY, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.

Brother ALBERT LUCKE, Local No. 672, Clinton, Iowa.

Brother JOE C. MACHADO, Local No. 190, Klamath Falls, Ore.

Brother THOMAS MATHIESON, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.

Brother RAYMOND MEADOWS, Local No. 1447. Vero Beach, Fla.

Brother HARRY MEAKIN, Local No. 2163, New York, N. Y.

Brother FRED MEEKER, Local No. 190, Klamath Falls, Ore.

Brother CHAUNCEY MORRIS, Local No. 325, Paterson, N. J.

Brother CHARLES MOSELEY, Local No. 325, Paterson, N. J.

Brother PAUL MULLER, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother R. NOESEN, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.

Brother DONALD PAXTON, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.

Brother A. J. PEES, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.

Brother WILFRED PETTIPAS, Local No. 83, Halifax, N. S., Can.

Brother HAROLD E. PUTMAN, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother ALBERT RASCHE, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother A. A. RAUSH, Local No. 133, Terre Haute, Ind.

Brother GEORGE O. ROPER, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother CHARLES J. SCHIRMEISTER, Local No. 657, Sheboygan, Wise.

Brother STEVE SILVAGE, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother ALEXANDER SMITH, Local No. 306, Newark, N. J.

Brother PERRY L. STANDLEY, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother REUBEN L. SYKES, Local No. 132, Washington, D. C.

Brother FRANK J. VOGG, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother JOHN WALDING, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.

Brother W. A. WALSMITH, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

HALIFAX LOCAL, CELEBRATES 63 AEARS OP PROGRESS

Over 400 members, friends and guests of Local Union Xo. 83, Halifax, Nova
Scotia, filled the dining hall of the Nova Scotia Hotel on the night of February 4
to help the union celebrate the sixty-third anniversary of its founding. From
beginning to end, the evening was a grand success, with a real feed of Nova
Scotia turkey high on the agenda.

George A. Smith, president of the Local, outlined the history of the carpenters
union in Halifax, stressing the Local's unique record in making great progress with-
out having a single strike in 2 9 years.

Mr. Smith spoke of the early days of the union, and compared conditions
in those times with conditions existing today.

James H. Dwyer, International Representative of the union, addressed the
assembly on some of the principles of trade unionism.

L. D. Curry, Provincial Minister of Labor, spoke on "social security," and
described a healthy trade union as one of the greatest factors in assuring work-
ing people of economic independence.

Brief speeches were made by J. E. Ahern, Mayor of Halifax, and A. C. Pettipas,
Mayor of Dartmouth.

A highlight of the evening was presentations to those members of the Local
who had attained 30 years membership. These were Oliver Grey, Raymond Webber,
H. S. Home, Benjamin Hollett, George Collins, Henry Marks, Jacob Snelgrove,
Ernest Appleby, Stanley Meisner, Harry Blunden, Robert Simpson, Benjamin
Purcell and Joseph Clattenburg. In recognition of their long service, they were
presented with wallets and cash gifts.

PHILABELPHLl LOCAL MARKS 60th MILESTONE

Local Union No. 359, Philadelphia, on the night of February 21st, celebrated
the sixtieth aniversary of its founding with a gala banquet and show at the
Broadwood Hotel in that city. Among the crowd of better than 1,300 were such
notables as M. A. Hutcheson, First General Vice President; Lewis G. Hines, Legis-
lative Representative of the American Federation of Labor; and James L. McDevitt,
President of the Pennsylvania State Federation. Each of them in a brief speech
outlined the need for an immediate political awakening on the part of organized
labor. Brother Hutcheson gave a short resume of the plans which the United
Brotherhood Non-partisan Committee is developing for active participation in the
forthcoming campaigns. Brother McDevitt outlined the activities of the organiza-
tion he heads along the same lines, while Brother Hines painted a vivid picture of
what is going on in Washington where employer groups are calling the tune. Each
emphasized the fact that labor must this year elect its friends and defeat its
enemies. A highlight of the evening was a preview of the two movies produced
by the General Office. One movie shows the General Office in operation, while
the other takes the audience on an extended tour of the Home at Lakeland. Both
were declared excellent by all who saw them, and it was the consensus of opinion
that they would do much good in giving the general public a better understanding
of organized labor and what it is accomplishing.

During the course of the evening, on behalf of the Local. Brother Hutcheson
presented a small token of esteem to John Otto, whose fiftj^-one years of continuous
membership makes him the Number One member.

General Representative William O. Blaier acted as honorary chairman of the
committee on arrangements and toastmaster of the evening. Assisting him on
arrangements were Chairman Shedaker and Secretary Gray.

T H E CARPEXTER

LOCAL 61 DEDICATES HAND CARVED MASTERPIECE

Some 1,600 members, guests and friends of Local Union No. 61, Kansas City,
Mo., filled Scottish Rite Temple to capacity on the night of December 12, when the
union dedicated its magnificent Honor Roll in tribute to the 429 members who

served in the armed forces during
World War II. Over ten feet long and
over six feet wide, the Honor Roll rep-
resents a masterpiece of the fast disap-
pearing art of wood carving. Hand
carved of the finest walnut obtainable,
the plaque represents almost six months
of exacting work and highest quality
craftsmanship.

The dedication ceremonies opened
with an invocation by the Reverend
Northrip, former Army chaplain, who
also spoke on the necessity of winning
a lasting peace that the sacrifices of
the men who served may not have been made in vain. Father Lorenz, also a
former Navy chaplain, emphasized that the lessons of tolerance and brotherhood
which the war taught all people must not be lost. As taps was sounded, Father
Lorenz read the names of the members who made the supreme sacrifice.

Special guest of the evening was John R. Stevenson, 2nd General Vice Presi-
dent, who extended the greetings of the Genral Officers. In a stirring address he
outlined the vital part played by Brotherhood members in the war, and he closed
by urging all members to take an active part in the union and civic affairs in
order that unionism and democracy can grow and prosper.

After the benediction the 1,600 guests retired to the dining room where a
sumptuous banquet was waiting. Fine food and fine drink made the evening a
complete success. Chairman O. E. Masoner presided. Pat Dunn, noted baritone,
led the crowd in singing.

>L^LRIETTA MARKS 58th BIRTHDAY

Observance of the fifty-eighth anniversary of the founding of Local Union No.
356, Marietta, Ohio, was held last month in the form of a get-together at Labor
Union Hall on Front St. Owing to extremely bad weather and icy roads attendance
was cut down materially. However, some fifty odd members braved the elements
and enjoyed a fine evening.

Highlights of the event, presided over by Rod Brackenridge, chairman, in-
cluded a number of talks. A. R. Ritchie, president of the central body, spoke
briefly on the subject of "Organization"; James Stewart, president of the Inter-
national Chemical Workers, used the topic "Elect Your Friends and Defeat
Your Enemies"; James Cross, president of the Printers' Local, discussed the sub-
ject "Strength in Union"; Bob Skipton gave a talk concerning the safety depart-
ment of the State of Ohio.

The evening's program was in charge of a committee consisting of Art Stroud,
chairman, Joe Dyer and Fred Legleitner. The refreshment committee consisted of
Jo Strahler and Don Spindler.

BEDFORD LOCAL CELEBRATES 45th BIRTHDAY

On February 6, 1903, Charter No. 1380 was installed at Bedford, Indiana.
Forty-five years later, on the night of February 20, 1948, over 100 members,
wives and friends of Local No. 138 0 gathered together in spacious Odd Fellows
Hall to commeorate the forty-fifth anniversary of that memorable occasion.
Chicken prepared in the inimitable Indiana style was the highlight of the banquet
and the way the chicken disappeared attested to the fact that carpenters are
generally as adept with the knife and fork as they are with the hammer and
square.

THE CARPEXTER 23

Two charter members. Brothers H. W. Green and Oliver P. Hunter, were special
guests. During the evening they were presented with cash awards as a token of
the esteem in which they are held by their fellow members.

The Reverend E. L. Hutrhens. pastor of the Methodist Church was also an
honored guest. He opened the banquet by asking Grace and later in the program
he delivered a short address on the contribution made to human progress bj' the
carpenter from the time of the greatest of them all, Jesus of Nazareth.

Brothers M. L. Chitwood and Lee Beaty of Local 16 64, Bloomington, were
special guests. General Representative C. O. Van Horn delivered the address of the
evening.

Condolence

Wilkes-Barre, Pa., November 21, 1947.
"Whereas, God in His wisdom has rem.oved by death Brother Edward
W. Finney from his labor as a member of the Local Union 514 of the
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, and

"WTiereas, as Brother Finney has faithfully served and safeguarded
the Interest of the brothers of the United Brotherhood as a member of
Local Union 514 and Business Agent of the Wyoming Valley District
Council, President of the Penn.«ylvania State Council of Carpenters and
General Representative of the Brotherhood, serving in offices for years,
exemplifying to a high degree of efficiencj- and honesty in the offices, and

"Whereas, realizing our loss in the death of Brother Finney, we humbly
bow to the Divine Will of Him who guides the destiny of men and
nations,

Tlierefoi*e Be It Resolved, by the Local Union that we extend his
widow and family our sincere sympathy in this, their hour of bereavement
and commend them to the keeping of him that knoweth and doeth all at
His Will, and

Be It Further Resolved, that a copy of these condolences be forwarded
to the family of our deceased Brother and also that they be spread upon
the minutes of the Local Union.

R. M. WILLIAMS.
STANLEY ECKENRODE.
J. A. FRET,

Committee.

KANSAS CITY MILLWRIGHTS STAGE BIRTHDAY BALL

To celebrate the thirty-fifth anniversary of its founding, Local Union No.
1529, Kansas City, Kans., sponsored a mammoth party and social evening on the
night of February 21st. Several hundred members, wives, and friends of the
Union were in attendance and throughout the evening they enjoyed fine speaking
and fine entertainment. A fine list of guest speakers — headed by R. E. Roberts,
General Executive Board Member and Perrin D. McElroy, secretary of the Kansas
City Building Trades, — congratulated the Union on the progress it has made and
outlined the struggles that lie ahead for organized labor. Officers of the Union
were introduced in a short ceremony.

Following the speakers, a delicious buffet supper was served as a prelude to
the dancing which continued far into the night. All who attended had such a
fine time eating, dancing and visiting together that plans are now being made to
have the party scheduled as a regular annual affair.

Local Union No. 1529 is composed of millwrights and machinery erectors in
Kansas City and vicinity.

PORT CHESTER LADIES CELEBRATE BIRTHDAY

The -Editor:

Greetings from Auxiliary No. 78, Port Chester, N. Y., the only one in West-
chester County that I know of.

We meet every third Wednesday in the month, at the Carpenters' Hall.

We only have thirteen members, and two of them live in Florida and one in
Bethlehem, Conn., but we usually have a good turn out at that.

March 17th, we celebrated our twenty-sixth anniversary, which was to be
February 14th but the weather was too bad.

We went to the theatre in the afternoon and at 6:30 P.M. we met our husbands
and families and went to the A'illage Inn, a restaurant across from the Hall. We
all had a very enjoyable dinner.

After the dinner we all went back to the Hall and had speaking by some of
the men, which was very interesting. And then we played games and gave prizes.

Before going home we served coffee and cake.

I enjoy reading about our Ladies very much. I have only been in the Order
five years and president the second term.

Fraternally yours, Mrs. W. Follest, President.

HARLINGEX AUXLLLIRY WORKS OX OB-JECTIVES

The Editor:

We would like to report some of the activities of Ladies Auxiliary No. 4 79 of
Harlingen, Texas, which was recently organized with a charter membership of
twenty-five.

Our meetings are held the first and third Mondays of each month. We always
start each month with an objective. August's objective was to find out how
many union label items are carried by our local merchants. We answered roll
call by naming these union made products. We had representation at the All
Unions Trade Day celebration in Brownsville on September 1st and participated
in the parade and program.

At the second meeting of the month we entertained our husbands with a pro-
gram using the union label theme. Our speaker was Colonel Lockhead of Browns-
ville.

October's objective was a drive for new members, with the person signing
most applications to win an Auxiliary pin. At our October social meeting we
held a fish fry which everyone enjoyed immensely. Over eighty were in attendance.

November's objective was also a membership drive and our husbands were on
hand to watch us initiate twenty-five new members as a result. Our new Degree
Team put on an initiation and drill that opened the eyes of the members of Local
Union No. 219 0.

December's objective was a Christmas party and turkey dinner. The fact that
almost 150 were on hand for the party shows how successful it was. Interest
shown in our attendance is very encouraging. To stimulate attendance we have
an attendance prize, five minute readings, short discussions on parliamentary
law and a secret sister plan. We invite anyone visiting these parts to join us in
our activities.

Fraternally yours, Mrs. J. J. Sprague.

Craft Probloms

Carpentry

(CopyriKht 1948)

LESSON 235
By H. H. Siegele
When I started work as a carpenter
apprentice, the 2-foot rule was com-
monly used by carpenters. It was used
mostly for measuring short distances.
The longer measurements, speaking of
general house carpentry, were made
with measuring poles, 10-foot, 12-foot,
and 16-foot poles. A few years later the
3-foot folding rule came on the market,
which met with such approval by car-
penters in general, that it soon put the
2-foot rule into second place, and to-
day the latter is rarely seen in the
hands of carpenters.

Fig. 1

Fig. 1 is a drawing of a 2-foot brass
bound rule, folded. While it is true
that this rule has been practically
forced out of use, so far as carpenters
are concerned, the oldtimers will prob-
ably agree that when it was discarded,
something that was practical went out
with it. The 2-foot rule was handy for
gauging margins, and so forth. Such
margins as 3/16 of an inch were gauged

Fig. 2

with a single thickness of the rule; %
of an inch margins were gauged with a
double thickness of the rule; V^-inch
margins were gauged by using the width
of a single fold, while 1-inch margins
were gauged with the full width of the
rule, folded. The 3-foot rule was used
for the same gauging purposes, but be-
cause of its length it was just a little
unwieldy.

Fig. 2 is a drawing of a brass bound

3-foot folding rule. It held a popular
lead for several decades in the field of
carpentry, then the zigzag rule took
over.

Fig. 3

Fig. 3, to the right, shows how a
single fold of brass bound rule was
used to gauge a spread of 3/16 of an
inch, while to the left is shown a two-

Fig. 4

fold part of a rule for gauging a %
of an inch spread. These two uses of the
folding rule were applied to so many
different things that they cannot all be
enumerated.

Fig. 4 shows to the right the folding
rule used for gauging a spread of V2-
inch, while to the left is shown the
rule used for making a 1-inch spread.

Fig. 5 is a sort of diagram showing
how the folding rule was used in deter-

THE CARPENTER

mining the amount of fall in a platform,
floor, roof, and so forth. The proce-
dure was something like this: The work-
man placed the straightedge somewhat
as shown by the diagram, the long dot-
ted line representing the bottom edge,
then he slipped the rule under the low
end, about as shown at A by dotted
lines. In this case i/2-inch is used, while
in practice the workman would use
the width that most nearly would bring

Fig. 5

the straightedge to a level position. If
it were found that the end of the
straightedge resting on the rule was
low, the rule would be moved to the
left until the straightedge would be in
a level position, or as shown by the
diagram, from A to B, which is indi-
cated by the arrow and the dotted line.
The straightedge in a level position,

/)c?H^e/\rX

do^el-^J>\

Fig. 6

the amount of fall could be obtained at
the end of the platform by measure-
ment.

Every carpenter who has examined a
new folding rule has discovered that it
is provided with three dowels, similar
to what is shown by Fig. 6. These dow-
els are practical, so far as I can see,
only while the rule is on the market,
for they hold the folds compactly to-
gether. But after the rule gets into

the hands of a workman, those little
dowels are more of a handicap than
of serving any useful purpose. After I
discovered that, I always pulled the

Fig. 7

dowels out and threw them away, when-
ever I got a new rule.

For measuring purposes the zigzag
rule is so far ahead of the folding rules,
that despite the advantages of the fold-
ing rules, pointed out in the foregoing
paragraphs, it holds first place with the
average carpenter. Fig. 7 is a drawing
of a zigzag rule folded. The 6-foot zig-
zag rule is probably the most popular;

l.^l..l.,!lTl.J.Kj.Kl.l,l,l,l.?J^I,l,l,l,l,f,l,f.l.Ll.

Fig. 8

however, it can be obtained in lengths
running from 3 feet to 8 feet.

Fig. 8 shows the zigzag rule partly
unfolded. There is a way of unfolding a
zigzag rule that is almost as fast as
pulling out the end of a tape line. Hold
the folded rule in your right hand in
such a manner that your fingers cover

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BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p.
670 11., and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.

QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac-
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ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Roof framing
complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.00.

The above five books support one another.

TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.

PUSHING BUTTONS. — Illustrated prose. Only $1.00.

FREE. — With 2 books, one $1.00 book free, with
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Books autographed.

C. O. T>. orders, postage and C. 0. D. fee added.
Order u U CIFr^FI F 222 So. Const. St.
today. ■■■ ■■■ ^if^ttt imporia, Kansai

THE CARPENTER

all of the edges of the folds on one
side. Then with the left hand, pull out
the end of the top fold and keep on
pulling, at the same time release fold
after fold by slipping the fingers of your
right hand down the side of the rule.
This is a trick, and must be practiced
a great deal in order to make it work.
If you are not careful with this trick,
you can easily break a rule in two
while trying to unfold it. On the other

/nTn'.rr|MTNri'iTPT.T"i3;r''i^'rnriTriT.Tn n

fu.,iH..'.l.,.i.,,i.,.i;nl.i,i,i,i,,.i:i?l.,.u.i,iTI,i,i,i,i,i,iai,ia

bowel -^S^

r I '1

Fi£

hand, if you can develop the skill it
takes to do this expertly, you won't
want to unfold a zigzag rule in any
other way.

Fig. 9 shows one of the advantages
of a zigzag rule. Here, to the left, is
shown the first fold of the rule in a
right angle position, and used for meas-
uring across a small opening in a wall
far above the reach of the workman.
To the right is shown a small-scale
drawing of the rule in position for meas-
uring the same opening. The illustra-
tion shows the rule applied for measur-
ing a rather short distance, but it will
give good results for measuring up to
18 inches, or even up to 24 inches.
However, in making the longer meas-
urements, the joints of the rule must
be tight enough to hold the rule at a
right angle. When the joints become

too loose to hold a right angle, then
it is time for the workman to buy a new
rule.

Ma^®

Day

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readings.

RAFTER DIAL $1.95 Order from: E. Weyer, Dept. H,
P.O. Box 153, Planetarium Station, New York 24, N. Y.

$1.25 with 7 Blades

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FASTENING i\ f U I f f C
and HANGING 1/ C If I L C 3

NOTICE

The publishers of "The Carpenter" teserre the
right to reject all adTenlnng matter which may
be. is their lodgment, unfair cr objectionable to
the membership of the TTnlted Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.

All Contracu for adrertising space In "The Car-
pecur," Inclading those stipulated at Don-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved right* of the publishers.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories

Page

Carlson Rules 30

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 32
Henry Disston & Sons, Inc., Phila-
delphia, Pa. 30

Greenlee Tools. Rockford, 111 31

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 27

F. P. Ma.xsoa, Chicago, lU 27

Master Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y 29

North Bros. Mfg. Co., Phila^ Pa.__ 31

The Paine Co., Chicago, III. 28

Sargent & Co., New Haven, Conn. 1
Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore 3

The Speed Co., Portland, Ore 30

The Speed Corp., Portland, Ore 28

Standard Wood Products Co.,

Dundee, 111. 29

Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn._3rd Cover

Stow Metal Products Co., Stow, O. 28

E. Weyer, New York, N. Y 27

Carpentry Materials
Johns-Majiville Corp., New York,
N. Y. 32

The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._2nd Cover

Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford

City, Ind. 4th Cover

OTeralls
The H. D. Lee Co., Kansas City,

Mo. 3rd Cover

Teehnical Courses and Books

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago, 111. 31

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y. 3rd Cover

Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111. 4

Mason Engineering Service,

Kalamazoo, Mich. 29

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 30

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans. 26

Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 32

SAWCIAIKIP '"'

Speed Up Saw Filing!

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Grl'- ''.-ire Irr.i^ii. r,f taw . . a fuD i - :r.:he--. Af-icbes
or reUi:e.- '.-rim vr-jrs be:;rh In oniy 13 £K;r,df. Also can
te U'ei f'r iand saws. Made to .ii: £. life-.lsie. Sturdy,
an s:ee! c;r. -.ruction. Gripping izzri gr:^i to bold en-
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THE SPEED CORPORATI ON
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"MASTER ^^ea^yn^^te. glvCS mC

quick, accurate measurements"

^ays Mr. Larry Klohs

36 Van Wort Ave., White Plains, N. Y.

"Streamline proves indispensable for
the many measurements I make on the
job and in my home workshop."

Mr. Klohs, a master carpenter,
knows the value of a dependable, accu-
rate measuring instrument. He chooses
Streamline for its superior features,
attractive appearance, and sturdy de-
sigTi. Graduations on both sides of

RETAILS

$200

BLADES REPLACEABLE

blade, lever brake for holding reading,
inside-outside measure.

You can own the Streamline, outstand-
ing in its class, by asking for it at your
hardware dealer, or by using the coupon.

I MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC., Dept. E-4 I

I 201 Main Street, White Plains, N. Y. I

I Gentlemen: |

II enclose D $2.00 for the 6 ft. Streamline. ■

I enclose G $2.50 for the 8 ft. Streamline. I

(NAME I
ADDRESS I

CITY STATE |

TWO AIDS FOR SPEED AND ACCURACY

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SLIDE CALCULATOR for Rafters

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STEEL TAPE RULES

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Name

Address

City State

Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one buslnasi
man as reference. Men In service, also give home addreif.

Drill pilot holes
with one hand and a

YANKEE

No. 41 Automatic Drill

A "Yankee" No. 41 drills pilot
boles in wood with a few easy
pushes. Spring automatically re-
turns handle after every stroke
and revolves drill point to clear
away chips. Magazine in handle
holds 8 drill points . . . V16 to
1144 • • • easy to select, re-
move and replace. Improved
chuck prevents drill points pull-
ing out in use, yet releases
them with one, easy motion.
All exposed parts chromium
plated ... a lifetime tool.

Wrile for "Yankee" Tool Book

NORTH BROS. MFG. CO.

Philadelphia 33, Pa.

YANKEE TOOLS
NOW PART OF

[STANLEY]

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Easy-to-use Shingle Cutters
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Asbestos Sliingles

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MAKE A GOOD LIVING IN YOUR OWN
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THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF SAWS TO
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by farmers, carpenters, homes, schools,
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IMMEDIATE
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Start your own business
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no experience need-
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Send coupon today.

¥QllY^2ai^,za^SAyi FILER

^ rULCI mrU. bU. Minneapolis 18, Minn.
k Send Free Plan on Saw Filing business — no
k obligation,
k Name

LEARN TO ESTIMATE

If you are ambitious to have your ovm busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.

By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits euad guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
It, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75
and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and cotn-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.

Write your name emd address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.

TAMBLYN SYSTEM

Johnson Building Cl6, Denver 2, Colorado

for fine ^lork *

• ALL THE BEST IDEAS of skilled workers in
wood for over 70 years have been built into
these Stanley Planes. Naturally they feel
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[stanleyIi

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OVERALLS

I TlieH.D.LEECo.

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\ ' Trenton, N. J.
'South Bend, Ind.

Minneapolis, Minn.
{ San Francisco, Calif.

Salina, Kans.

AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides

4vois.*6

InsideTrade liriormatioa

for Carpenters, Boilders. Join-
ers, Boilding Mechanics and all
Woodworkers. These Gaidaa
grive you the short-cnt instrric-
tions that yoa want— including
Dew methods, ideas, solotiona.
plans, systems and money saT-
iDcr anffgestions. An eafiy pro-

daily helper _ _ _ ,
ence for the master worker.
Carpentera everywhere are n»-
ing these Goides as a Helpmc
Hand to E^ier Work, Better
Work and Better Pay. To Bet
this assistance for yoQrs«lf»
. _ ^ . ,^ Bimply fill in and

Inside Trade Information On : mail feee coupon beiow.

How to use the steel square — How to file and

set saws — How to build furniture — How to use

a mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How

to use rules and scales — How to make joints —

Carpenters arithmetic— Solving mensuration

problems — Estimating strength of timbers — -

How to set girders and sills — How to frame

houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How

to build houses, bams, garages, bungalows, etc.

— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up

specifications — How to excavate — How to use

settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How

to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How

to build stairs — How to put on Interior trim — .

How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint.

AUDEL, Publishers. 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10. N. Y.

Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' frM
trial. II OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is paid.
—Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfled.

Name-

CAR

"oons

'<»« "lANr

""ceNcr

• The "OVERHEAD DOOR" with the Miracle Wedge
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TRACKS AND HARDWARE OF
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f^AIPENTER

^^ >^ FOUNDED 188t

Officio/ PufaMcof/on of fhe

United Brotherhood of Carpenters ond Joiners of America

M .^ V 1 <> 1 S

THE ONLY FACTORY METHOD

EASILY FASTENED TO ANY
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• QUALITY MATERIALS

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1934 ST. CLAIR AVENUE
CLEVELAND, OHIO

• SIMPLIFIED OPERATION

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POST PAID

LEARN TO ESTIMATE

If you e«-e ambitious to have your own ba«i-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.

If you are an experienced carpenter and
have had a fair schooling in reading, writing
and arithmetic you can master our System
in a short period of your spare time. The

' first lesson begins with excavations and step
by step instructs you how to figure the cost

I of coaiplete buildings just as you would do ;
it in a contractor's office. I

! By the use of this System of Estimating you '

; avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of '

! the author's 40 years of practical experience ■

reduced to the language you understand.

You will never find a more opportune time

to establish yourself in business than now.

1 Study the course for ten days absolutely
I free. If you decide you don't want to keep
It, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75
i and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
; plete course. On request we will send you
: plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
' of the Building Labor Calculator, suid com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.

Write your name and address clearly and
five your age, and trade experience.

j TAMBLYN SYSTEM

Johnson Building C-17, Denver 2, Colorado

^/CImz^^^^^ Yes, and equally effi-,
/^'"^ cienl while planing,

drilling and saving. Stow Met-
al dor-V-i»e is sturdily built to firmly
hold any size door. Rubber padded
jaws increase grip and prevent dam*
age. Wide non-;kid feet will hold on
any working surface.

• Heav-y duty • 20 inches long

• Cast aluminum • Easy to operate

• Weighsonly 2^/4. lbs. • Use anv place

m PAY POSTAGE

SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER

iALL C.O.V. OkV£T^ S9.65 PLUS POSTACf)

METAL PRODUCTS GO.

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-liSf^

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There's an Easier Way to
turn out a good day's work

cent. Next time you c
— boss ten him'^rhis."

Look. If y„„ py^

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And here's why.

ipeedmatic one
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", lOi", 12".

matic SAW

is perfect for ONE-HAND operation

VLan, it's a honey ! Practically handles
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ight place for easier handling.
:ts got SPEED. Blade enters cut at
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o "push." Practically feeds itself,
^uts composition and light metal,
-t's STEADY. The broad shoe is
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3oesn't veer . . . doesn't twist . . .
loesn't tip.

And it's VERSATILE. You can ad-
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Rips, cross cuts, bevels, mitres, dados
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You can always see just where you
are going.

SPEEDiiiatic saves your back

. . . gives your boss clean work.

ASK him for a SPEEDinatic

today.

PORTER-CABLE MACHINE CO.

1760-5 N. Salina St., SYRACUSE N. Y.

TER

miiiiii:":"; . ', "V : "'„:'.' : " ^ \;;ji

A Monthly Journal, Ovmed and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.

FRANK DUFFY, Editor

Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Established in 1881
Vol. LXTIII — Xo. 5

IXDIAXAPOLIS, MAY, 1948

One Dollar Per Tear
Ten Cents a Copy

— Co nt ent s —

The Danger Grows

In a blistering minority report, four Congressmen, members of the Joint Committee
on Labor-Management Relations, violently disagree with the majority's contention that
the Taft-Hartley Act is working out nicely. Point by point they show that the majority's
report is biased and misleading. In the end they recommend immediate repeal of the
Act.

An Old Problem Returns ----- 9

The problem of imported foreign workers is becoming an acute one in Canada. In
a letter to the Honorable Humphrey Mitchell, Canadian Minister of Labor, First Gen-
eral Vice-President Hutcheson summarizes the dangers involved and calls attention to the
disturbing features of an imported labor program.

Redwood Saga Ends

Almost ^A'o years and three months to the day from the date v/hen it was called
the Redwood strike is terminated. While the strikers may not have achieved all their
objectives insofar as the few hold-out companies are concerned, they did manage to
clean up and alleviate a sorry situation in the area.

Here They Are Again

Non-union Canadian shingles are once again cutting into the American market and
thereby jeopardizing the v/ages and working conditions v/on by Brotherhood shingle
v/eavers in both the United States and Canada.

OTHER DEPARTMEXTS

Plaine Gossip

Editorials

Official

In Memoriam

Correspondence -

To the Ladies

Craft Problems -

12
16
21
22
22
26
37

Index to Advertisers

Although the war is over, the paper situation remains extremely tight. Our quota is so limited
that we must continue confining The Carpenter to thirty-tv/o pages instead of the usual sixty-four.
Until such time as the paper situation improves, this v/ill have to be our rule.

Entered July 22, 1915, at I^TDIANAPOLIS, IXD., as second class mail matter, under Act of

Congress, Aug. 2-i, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of po.stage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.

Ed Clanin Built

A Money- Making

Floor Sanding

Business

ED CLA NIN of Monroe, Mich-
igan— wanted a business of his own.

He started by talking with friends and
lined up a number of jobs in advance —
then started on his first job the day his
American Floor Sanders were de-
livered! His equipment includes an
American Standard 8 Floor Sander,
two American Spinner Edgers and an
American DeLuxe Maintenance Ma-
chine.

(^>

to^<

cA^

M^'

Today, in 1 1/2 years, Ed Clanin has become
an established floor surfacing contractor
in a progressive community. His work
has w^on the respect of painters and dec-
orators. And now — he has become inde-
pendent enough to build his ow^n home!
In the same w^ay — you can build a money-
making business sanding floors. No special
training needed. Floor sanders are easy
to operate. No big overhead — no large
investment. Be your own boss and get
ahead! Send 2 5cfor money-making book-
let "Opportunities in Floor Sanding".

MERICAN

FLOOR MACHINES

The American Floor Surfacing: Machine Co.
520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo 3, Ohio
Enclosed find 25c in stamps or coin for
booklet "Opportunities in Floor Surfacing",
telling me how 1 can start my own floor
sanding business.

"I always carry a

Sc7VS

Mr. Charles A. Fuller

"The Streamline is per-
fect for quick, accurate
measurements. It's my first
choice in steel tape rules."

Whether you are a home
hobbyist or professional me-
chanic, it pays to be accurate
. . . and 3'ou'll find Stream-
line's accuracy unquestion-
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sides of blade and lever
brake for holding reading
. . . inside-outside measure.

Ask your hardware or build-
ing supply dealer about the
Streamline today or use the

coupon to order yours.

REG. O.S.'PAT. OFF.

:W0OD JkimSJ^^l TAPf tillES

MASTER RULE MFa CO., INC., Dept. E-5
201 Main Street, Wtite Plains, N. Y.

1 enclose ~; S2.00 f&f Hit 6 ft. Str£aB;!iac.

I enelase Q 2.50 for tlie 8 ft. StreaBtliae.

ADDRESS

CITY .

STATE

NOW! atn4u!^»ui2ii>

FRAMING SQUARE

PKAMIMG rVOBlEMS
WSTAM-TLT!

auj you xeed to kxow is width
of buildixg axd pitc^ of roof

Now one tccl ^''rr-r- a'.'- roo: fvs.rr.ir.z
probleE-^ I": : : - . ->: ^_ui t^,

rafter tabl^H. i-;:l-> i:..'.-^ i.::A ^.\^~i ^y.-

traS' to carry vrhile f:i:\;r::ii r::;^.
Sharp's AuTor:;a:i': F:ar::::L; ^'::.c::^
doe= it all. Jus: s^: lool :■: i'-/:. of
roof and ii au-c rus.:: /ally z''-'-'r^~ .i-v-rv
problen and i;:_v:ars iirr:: u'-a:l:::.g
gruidr for a:: ';v.:^. Giv^^ ^zi.;: b^uv^s
for I-Ui-.h o:

ans

'-- and in d^i':
ork. Opens to

One Setting gives you the marking
for both Plumb Cut and Mitre Cut

A smrdy, aii-metal tool that lolas ap into

one compact unit. 1 foot long, 2 inches

wide. Fits in pocket easfly. Ifo sharp corn-
ers to catch on clothing.

GUAKAKTEE : If yon are not completely
if 3 Trith Sharp's Automatic Framing
: retum the tool within 30 days and
: ; , : ney Trfll be refnnded.

Prepaid

S1285

LLOYD L, CRO V.'L E Y
:£3: So.t- ^2'n Street

y^!^^9^^^^ FRJtIIINa SHURE

Take ttie

Yiork out 0^

Saviml

joinHnl

:'^

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Table

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Large production Band Saw
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Immediate Delivery

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•^ 4 54 -Inch Jointer

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Has 32-inch table'^-4-inch x
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You can try these tools in your shop at our risk. Write
TODA. Y for complete information and prices.

BLUE STAR PRODUCTS

607 W. Kirkwood Street

Fairfield, Iowa

CARPENTERS

BUILDERS and APPRENTICES

THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING

Learn at Home in Your Spare Time

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Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an
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CHlCAl^d TECHNICAL COLLEGE

TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHiGAN AVE./CHICA^O lO/lLL.

Chicago Technical College

E-120 Te<h Bldg., 2iJ00 So. ]Vnchisan Ave.,

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Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints"
with information about how I can train at home.

Name Age

Address • Occupation

City Zone State

The Danger Grows

IN A BLISTERING, factual minority report that concludes "our anal-
ysis compels us to recommend the immediate repeal of the (Taft-
Hartley) Act to avoid the serious injury to our economy we foresee"
four members of the Joint Committee on Labor-Management Relations
ripped to shreds the majority report of the committee which maintains
that .the Taft-Hartley Act is working out satisfactorily. Point by point
the minority report explodes the theory that the Taft-Hartley Act is cut-
ting down the number of strikes ; that wages are not being adversely
affected by the Act; and that labor-management relations are improvinng
because of the Act. In fact the mi-

nority report finds that the Taft-
Hartley Act is not only harming
the 60,000,000 workers of the nation
but the whole economy of the coun-
try as well.

Set up by Congress as a sort of
"watch-dog" committee, the Joint
Committee on Labor-Management
Relations is charged with the re-
sponsibility of making a continu-
ous study of industrial relations and
making periodic reports thereon.
After considerable attention to the
matter, a majority of the committee
released a report on March 29th cov-
ering the first six months of exist-
ence of the Act. That report laud-
ed the Taft-Hartley Act to the
skies. It cited the Act as a boon
to the nation. Four members of the
committee disagreed, however. In
a cold, hard-hitting analysis of
what has transpired since the Act
was passed, these four members
proved point by point that organ-
ized labor and the whole U. S.
economy are in serious jeopardy un-
less the Act is repealed without de-
lay. Senators James E. Murray and
Claude Pepper, together with Con-
gressmen John Lesinski and Au-
gustine B. Kelley signed the mi-
nority report.

The minority report covers the
Act and the effect it has had thus
far on industrial relations from A
to Z. Substantially it reiterates
what organized labor has maintain-
ed from the beginning — namely,
that the act is a distinct threat to
the very existence of organized la-
bor; that it is bringing back the
era of indiscriminate use of injunc-
tions in labor disputes and that, it
compels unions to contribute to
their own destruction. AVhile the
entire report is too long for re-
printing here, it contains a summary
which boils down the contents to
twelve essential points. Because of
its concise, and timely contents, we
herewith reprint that summary:

SUMMARY
We have carefully examined the
majorit3^'s report in the light of
experience thus far under the La-
bor-Management Relations Act of
1947. We find the report partisan
in its approach and misleading in
its findings. We find that the ma-
jority's conclusions are not war-
ranted by the experience under the
Taft-Hartley Act. Our analysis
compels us to recommend the im-
mediate repeal of the act to avoid
the serious injury to our economy

THE CARPENTER

we foresee. We have outlined below
some of the reasons for these con-
clusions.

The summary findings presented
here are amply supported by the
evidence appearing in the body of
this report, with which they should
be read for a full understanding of
the situation.

1. The act has not resulted in a
reduction of strikes. On the con-
trary, the act has already been the
direct cause of work stoppages
throughout the country. Moreover,
through the encouragement offered
to anti-union employers and through
the justified suspicion and resent-
ment engendered among the wage
earners, the act has laid the basis
for industrial unrest.

2. The majority's conclusion that
the act had not adversely affected
wages fails to take into account a
number of factors that shed a dif-
ferent light on the conclusion made
by the majority. These include the
fact that during the initial period of
the act's operation workers have
not fared as well as other segments
of our population for wages have
lagged behind the rise in the cost
of living and behind the tremendous
increase of profits earned by busi-
ness.

3. Experience with restrictions on
union security agreements has
already revealed serious defects.
These restrictions have resulted in
widespread resort to "bootleg" con-
tracts and they have created special
problems in industries such as the
maritime and building trades.

4. The tremendous number of
union-shop elections has impaired
the ability of the NLRB to dis-
charge its functions; union-shop
elections have resulted in an extrav-
agant waste of taxpayers' money ;
and the results of union-shop elec-

tions thus far establish the fact that
the American worker is not op-
posed to union security agreements
as claimed by the sponsors of the
act.

5. The increasing backlog of
Board cases, which has reached a
figure almost double the largest in
the Board's history, is seriously de-
laying the expeditious settlement of
disputes.

6. The existing sweeping prohi-
bition against secondary boycotts is
restricting legitimate trade-union
activities. It compels unions to con-
tribute to their self-destruction and
bars them from taking effective ac-
tion against secondary employers
whose resources are being utilized
to defeat union bargaining demands.

7. Immediate repeal of the pro-
hibition against union political ac-
tivity is necessary to prevent the
continued invasion of constitutional
rights.

8. A disturbing pattern is being ^
created in the use of labor injunc-
tions which fully justifies the con-
clusion that the era of Government
by injunction is being revived.

9. The enlargement of the mean-
ing of coercion to a point where it
now includes legitimate trade-union
activities confirms the fear that this
provision, when applied to labor or-
ganizations, would provide a weap-
on for improper interference with
labor's legitimate concerted activi-
ties.

10. The report of the majority
intrudes dangerously on the execu-
tive and judicial powers.

11. The report of the majority
intrudes unwisely on existing bar-
gaining relations in a number of in-
dustrial plants.

12. A pattern has already evolved
for harassing trade unions by liti-
gation.

An Old Problem Returns

Kanada wirbt in Deutschland gegenwartig 700 Schiflfbauer und
Zininierleute an, die bei einer Wasserkraft-Gesellschaft in Ontario
beschaftigt werden sollen.

The above advertisement appeared in the January 17 issue of the Bre-
men, Germany, newspaper, Weser-Kurier. For the benefit of those who
may not be able to read German, the ad can roughly be translated as fol-
lows :

"Canada wants from Germany approximately 700 shipbuilders and
carpenters at the Watercraft project in Ontario. Work available at once."

Reprinted herewith is an exact copy of a letter forwarded to the Hon-
orable Humphrey Mitchell, Canadian Minister of Labor, by First General
Vice President M. A. Hutcheson on the matter of unrestricted importa-
tion of foreign labor to Canada. In a nutshell it summarizes the problem
of the imported foreign worker — something that concerns the United
States almost as much as it does Canada.

The Honorable Humphrey Mitchell,
Minister of Labor, Dominion of Canada,
Ottawa, Ontario.

Honorable Sir :

From a former member of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and
Joiners of America now residing in Germany, I recently received a letter
enclosing a want ad from a German newspaper. The ad offered jobs
in Canada to some 700 skilled construction workers. Upon checking
with our Canadian representatives I was informed that not only is the
ad a legitimate one but also that large numbers of displaced European
building mechanics are already at work on various Canadian projects.

This is a matter oi grave concern to this office and to the tens of thou-
sands of members of our Brotherhood in Canada. The extravagant impor-
tation of foreign workers constitutes a serious threat to the welfare,
prosperity and future of Canadian workmen and to the security of the
nation. Furthermore it retards the rehabilitation of devastated European
nations at the very time when we are straining our resources to the utmost
in an effort to get them on their feet again.

From the standpoint of the Canadian wage earner, the importation of
foreign workers on any substantial scale gives rise to serious and well
grounded fears. He knows that these are exceptional times. Jobs are
plentiful and the demand for labor is brisk. But he also knows that a
boom is inevitably followed by a bust, and he wonders what his position

10 T H E C A R P Z X T E R

will be then v.-hen :h:u5£.r-'l5 of importees will be competing with him for
what jobs there are Fur errrre. he remembers the days in the earlier
part of this cerirurv vher. ;ii:plcads of coolie and other low-priced labor
flooded the nation and exerted tremendous downward pressure on wage
scales and living standards. Above all, he does not want a return to
those days because bitter experience has taught him that in our competitive
society the cheapest labor tends to drag all labor do^m to its level.
Whether imported on a temporary or permanent basis, he knows that
foreign labor brought into Canada on any sizable basis jeopardizes his
prosperity and welfare.

The pinnacle of production achieved by the good people of Canada
during the late war was truly one of the genuine miracles ^rhich hastened
the day of victory substantially. Farmers, housew^ives, and school boys
without any kind of industrial experience, went into the factories, mills
and construction projects and in a short while they vs^ere holding their
own w^ith any w^orkers in the world. I do not belies e i: is any exaggeration
to say that during the ^war Canada became of industrial age. Thousands
upon thousands of highly competent, highly skilled trkers were devel-
oped. These people must be given an opportunity t utilize their newly-
found skills. To ask them to compete w^ith imported iaiir is fair neither
to them nor the nation. In the pre-war years there ere scarceh" enough
jobs to occupy the skills of Canadiart mechanics. With many thousands of
newly trained workers turned :ut 03' the war, any recession from the
present high point of economic activity wll create a serious employment
situation for skilled workers. Add imported workers to the labor pool
and any downward trend may w^ell mean disaster for Canadian mechanics.

In addition to the thousands of Canadians trained in war industries,
other thousands of veterans were given years of highly specialized training
in the armed forces. Above all others, these men and w^omen are entitled
to cash in on their new skills not only during these lush times, but also
in less favorable days that may lie ahead. To alloi^ even one foreign
worker to keep out of work for a single day a veteran who gave so much
to his country is unthinkable.

But apart from the employment angle there are other considerations
that merit serious study. Right now both Canada and the United States
are straining their resources to the limit to oSer all possible aid to an
impoverished and ailing Kurope. The reconstruction -job facing the bat-
tered continent is almost insurmountable. The skill and energy of every
Eurt ,ean citizen is desperately needed to get the job done. Yet if we
are t: siphon off the cream of the iEuropean mechanics how w^ill the devas-
tated nations ever get back on their feet? To pour money and supplies into
these nations on one hand while on the other hand luring away the people
w^ho can and must do the rebuilding job partakes somewhat of pounding
sand down a rathole. Europe needs every trained man she has. Kvery
European who leaves his native land for Canada or the United States
retards the rebuilding of the continent by just that much. So, in the final
analysis, every German or Austrian or Italian vrho is imported to this con-
tinent poses a threat to the prosperity and welfare of American workers

THE CARPENTER 11

and at the same time adds to the difficulties of putting Europe back on its
feet.

And there is yet another consideration. In a brilliant series or articles,
Don Cameron, Windsor Star Staff Correspondent, has recently analyzed
the serious threat Communism constitutes in Canada. No one can read
those articles without realizing that the time is at hand to stop once and
for all the boring from within that jeopardizes our democratic institu-
tions and all they stand for. I assume that there is a more or less rigid
screening of all workers brought to Canada, but at the same time there is
a real danger of Communist agents slipping in among such importees.
Communists go where they are sent. Invariably they are sent to those
areas where their work can be most fruitful. Canada is a prime Communist
target and it is too much to expect that the Communist directors would not
sieze the opportunity to smuggle at least a few of their agents among
work battalions headed for Canada. All of us know only too well how
clever they are at disguising their Communist memberships and assum-
ing democratic poses. In view of the seriousness of the Red menace as
disclosed by Mr. Cameron, every additional Communist agent smuggled
into Canada presents a grave danger.

Under these circumstances, we naturally are very concerned over the
importation of foreign labor. I believe the yardstick for measuring the
progress and growth of Canada, — or any nation, for that matter, — is not
the number of citizens that the nation boasts of, but rather how well her
citizens are cared for and how optimistically they can face the future. To
merely increase population at the sacrifice of living standards is uneco-
nomic and unwise. A better and more prosperous Canada is the goal of the
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America and to that end
we dedicate ourselves. To that end this letter is written.

Because of the vital concern of our members in this entire matter of
foreign workers, I am asking that you furnish us with a complete outline
of the Canadian government's policy in regard to same. How many workers
have already been imported and how many more are to be imported and on
what basis? Our members have much at stake and therefore their interest

^^ ^^^"- Sincerely yours, M. A. HUTCHESON,

First General Vice-President.

Corporations More Than Double Wealth

Corporations have increased their wealth two and one-half times since
1939, according to figures published by the Securities and Exchange Com-
mission.

To measure the wealth, the commission uses the best "yardstick" — the
corporations' "net working capital."

That is figured by subtracting their "current liabilities" from their
"current assets," leaving the amount of money and other wealth they own
free of debt.

From $24.5 billion in 1939, the "net working capital" went up steadily
during and after the war, to $60.4 billion on September 30, 194", the last
date for which figures are available.

SIP

EASY TO FIGURE

Although Congress has put through a
patched up version of a rent control
bill, the Real Estate Lobby is still work-
ing tooth and toenail trying to put over
the idea that no controls are needed.
How does anyone know there is really a
housing shortage, a spokesman for the
lobby demanded recently.

About the best answer we can give is
by reprinting the old one about the
meek little guy on the witness stand in
a railroad accident case.

The argument waxed hot. "Sir,"
stormed the defense attorney, "you have
admitted you were seated on the right
side of the passenger coach where you
couldn't see the extra track. Will you
explain to the jury how you can swear
the line was double-tracked?"

"Well," meekly observed the witness,
"I could look across the aisle and
through the opposite coach window.
Every once in a while I saw a train
whizz by and I assumed that either
there was a track under it or else the
railroad has some exceptional railroad-
ers."

r^JlJoIloeMIL;

ySl©''©^!^;

^X^'^^^

One of these days, Joe, we're gonna
wake 7ip and find ourselves back in the
junk business.

THE RED SOLUTION

Last month tension between Russia
and the United States reached a new
high as Moustache Joe's cohorts sur-
rounded the American zone in Berlin
with a steel curtain of bayonets. This
was a new move in the Soviet effort to
block us out of Europe while placing on
our backs the task of rebuilding the
continent.

Being particularly dumb about inter-
national affairs, the whole Russian pro-
gram mystifies us no end. But it sort
of reminds us of the days when Mus-
tapha Kemal was ruling Turkey. In sev-
veral affairs Turkish soldiers slaugh-
tered Armenian nationals until finally
the United States was moved to protest.
When the U.S. Ambassador called on
the Mustapha, the latter listened courte-
ously. Finally he asked: "What does
the U.S. want?"

"My country," replied the ambassa-
dor, "feels that instead of these poor
people being killed, homes should be
provided for them."

For a few moments Mustapha Kemal
was thoughtful. Then a smile broke out
on his face.

"I quite agree with you," he said.
"Let the United States provide the
homes and we will provide the Arme-
nians."

• • •

POSITIVE PROOF

With butter still hovering around the
dollar per pound mark, an Indianapolis
restaurant has hit on a new economy
wrinkle; the place now serves your
bread already buttered. To say that it
is meagerly buttered is a masterpiece of
understatement. The other day a lunch
patron picked up a piece of his pre-but-
tered bread, looked it over carefully and
turning to the waitress casually re-
marked:

"You know, when I was a little boy
my mother used to tell me I didn't know
which side my bread was buttered on,
and danged if I don't think she was
right."

THE CARPENTER

A LITTLE CONFUSING

As an armchair general during the

jwar we had no trouble directing our
armies all over the globe. We followed
them all over the Pacific islands, and,
sitting before our radio, we helped Pat-

[ ton and Bradley and Eisenhower sweep
through Germany without too much
trouble. But all this peacetime maneu-
vering has us stymied. The armed forces
say we ain't got no Army or Navy and

■ yet they spent an appropriation of
eleven billion dollars last year. On one

, page of the paper we read the next
war is going to be a push-button war
and on the next page it says we have
to have military training to teach our
boys how to march and drill. The
whole thing is mighty confusing, and it
sort of puts us in the same position as
the hill-billy on the witness stand.

Under cross-examination by the plain-
tiff's attorney, the mountaineer was
asked if he could read.

"Only figures," he replied.
"How do you mean?" counted the
lawyer.

"Well, it's like this," drawled the
hill billy, when I goes places and sees
the signs along the road, I kin read how
fur but not whur to."

I • • •

FIFTY-FIFTY
Recently a district court ruled that
an International Union which had been
pursuing a "no contract" policy was vio-
lating the spirit of the Taft-Hartley Act.
The judge ordered the Union to start
negotiating with Its employers for a
contract.

In view of the numerous dodges an

' employer can resort to if he does not
care to sign a contract which his union
wants, we begin to see the "fairness" of
the Labor Relations Act.

Mr. Taft insists his brain child is fair
to labor and management. However, Mr.
Taft is the sort of gent who thinks na-
ture is perfect; the rich have ice in the
summer and the poor have it in the
winter, and that makes everything fair.

• • •
SPLITTING HAIRS

Even a casual reading of the many
labor papers in the nation discloses the
fact that labor is undergoing a genuine
political awakening. From border to
border and coast to coast unions of all
kinds are rolling up their sleeves and

getting ready for a ding-dong political
campaign to elect labor's friends and de-
feat its enemies. It all looks very en-
couraging. The only fly in the ointment
seems to be that some are putting all
their emphasis on Congressional elec-
tions and forgetting state legislative
elections.

In view of the fact that some twenty-
odd states have already passed anti-
labor measures as bad or wor-se than
the Taft-Hartley Act, it would seem wise
for labor not to overlook state elections.
A bad state law can be as crippling as
a bad federal law. Choosing between
the importance of state and federal elec-
tions is cutting hairs pretty fine. And
this gives us a chance to tell the one
about the little girl who was left to
watch a bakery shop while the owner
ran an errand. An elderly lady entering
the shop and seeing the little girl in
charge remarked:

"Aren't you tempted to eat some of
the sweets while you are alone?"

"Oh, no," replied the girl. "That
would be stealing. All I do is lick them
once in a while."

• • •
PAUP ON POLITICS

"Looking over the average election,"
says Joe Paup, the Aristotle of the flop
house, "there is but one comment an
honest citizen can make — namely, thank
God only one of the candidates can be
elected."

It says a pomid of heans all right, but
are you sure she meant jelly heansf

REDWOOD SAGA ENDS

* *

THE LONGEST STRIKE in modern labor history is over. Away
back on January 14, 1946, Brotherhood members in the Redwood
lumber industry of northern California, unable through protract-
ed collective bargaining to secure wages and conditions comparable to
those established by the Union in other sections of the Pacific Goast lumber
industry, were forced to employ economic action as a last resort. Last
month, almost two years and three months to the day from the date when
they took that action, the Redwood workers voted to terminate their strike.
By that time only some six or seven .

firms out of the hundred odd that
were originally struck were still in-
volved. All the others had long
since negotiated agreements with
the union that were satisfactory in
all respects. And thus one of the
bitterest and most courageously
fought labor disputes of all time
came to a close.

Through two winters and two
summers the Redwood workers car-
ried on their fight. There were in-
timidations and arrests and eco-
nomic pressures brought to bear
against the union men, but they
steadfastly stuck by their guns.
While they may not have gained all
of their objectives from the hold-
out companies, they did clean up
what was a very nasty situation in
the Redwoods. For years to come
not only Redwood lumber workers
but also lumber workers in all other
sections of the nation will be enjoy-
ing benefits established by the cour-
ageous fight that has just concluded.

The Redwood section of North-
ern Galifornia is comparatively iso-
lated.

For generations the entire area
has been dominated by a few com-
panies and a few individuals who

owned these companies. Down the
years these individuals fought a
perennial war to keep exclusive
control of their vast empire and
keep unionism out. Efforts to or-
ganize the industry in the early days
of the century were met with brass-
knuckled resistance on the part of
companies. It was not until the
early 1940's, when the Brotherhood
organized the Redwood w'orkers in-
to sound, militant unions, that the
empire barons realized they were
meeting their match. Brotherhood
unions in other sections of the Pa-
cific Coast lumber industry were
making tremendous strides in im-
proving wages and working condi-
tions, but every improvement en-
tailed a long and bitter struggle in
the Redwood empire where the
tight monopoly clung to its tradi-
tional policy of all-out resistance to
unionism. By the end of 1945 the
Redwood workers, persistent and
peaceful in all their efiforts to ne-
gotiate and conciliate, were far be-
hind other sections in wages and
conditions. In January 1946, they
took the only other course open to
them. The Redwood industry went
down.

THE CARPENTER

The strike is now over and the
Redwood territory is a far different
place from what it was three years
ago. For one thing-, wages are now
$1.40 low as compared to the 82-|c
that prevailed prior to the strike.
For another thing, the monopoly
of the Redwood barons has been
shaken. Scores of new companies
moved into the territory during the
strike. These new firms are all un-
der agreement with the Union. They
are all paying union wages and
meeting union conditions. It is
estimated that there are something
like 175 Union Shop agreements in
effect in the Redwood territory at
the present time. The number of
Local Unions in the area has grown

; from twenty-six before the strike
to thirty-nine at the present time.
Membership increased by about
eighty per cent. Considering all
these things, the long struggle of
Redwood workers will pay divi-
dends for years to come.

r To the Redwood workers who
held their lines intact over a period

of some twenty-seven months, the
labor movement owes a vote of sin-
cere thanks for the determined and
magnificent battle they waged for
union conditions and union princi-
ples. Thanks must go, too, to the
hundreds of Local Unions, District
and State Councils which supported
the strikers morally and financial-
ly. Hundreds of thousands of dol-
lars were made available to the Red-
wood workers during their long
siege. Dollar per member per
month assessments were passed by
numerous Local Unions and Dis-
trict Councils. Others periodically
voted contributions to the Redwood
cause. Thanks to this fine support,
the monopoly of the Redwood bar-
ons has been broken, wages have
been raised by some eighty-three
per cent, a large part of the Red-
wood industry has been signed to a
genuine Union agreement, and no-
tice has been served on the world
that unionism is in the Redwood
industry to stay.

Brotherhood Fights Treacherous Amendments

Urging an increase in the statutory minimum wage from forty cents
an hour to seventy-five cents an hour, and pressing for a broadening of
coverage, our Brotherhood last month expressed its vigorous opposition
to the proposed Ball Subcommittee amendments to the Wages and Hours
Law. The Ball proposals would raise the minimum wage from forty cents
to somewhere between fifty and seventy cents an hour. They would
narrow coverage and set up certain limitations on overtime. Inasmuch as
an indeterminate number of Brotherhood members would be adversely
affected by some of these amendments, our Brotherhood voiced its opposi-
tion in no uncertain terms at a hearing held by the Ball Subcommittee
last month.

Assigned a half-hour spot in the hearings, our Brotherhood presented
a plain spoken brief prepared under the direction of First \'ice President
M. A. Hutcheson. This brief called attention to the confusing, unfeasible,
retrogressive features of Senator Ball's proposals. It urged the defeat of
these and substitution in their stead of amendments more in keeping with
current conditions.

Editorial

An Argument For Unionism

A Philadelphia correspondent recently sent us the following- clipping
from the help-wanted columns of the Inquirer:

BRICKLAYER — Master Mechanic not less than lo yrs. exp.
to supervise apprentice training for local institution. Sal.
$4500 yr. State age, education, exp. T-372 Inquirer.

Perhaps balanced between embarking upon a career as a bricklayer or
professor of engineering, the correspondent asked: "How many colleges
could offer this much for a full professorship in any of the engineering
courses?"

In a report of the President's Scientific Research Board we found at
least a partial answer to this question. We think you and our correspond-
ent will find it illuminating. Plere it is :

"Two-thirds of all college and university science professors and instruc-
tors received salaries under $4,000 in 1946. ... In the smaller schools
(that includes most of therri) even the men with 30 years' experience had
(median) incomes of only $3,300. In the larger schools men with 15 years'
experience had a median income of $4,500, men with 30 years' experience
an income of $4,700."

If you want to get ahead in a material way, the answer seems fairly
clear. Become a professor of bricklaying rather than a professor .of engi-
neering. Or get busy and do something effective to change the deal.

The foregoing appeared on the editorial page of the April 10 issue
of Business Week. If anyone has written a better piece on the value of
organization, it has not yet come to our attention. The bricklayer has
been a union man while the college professor has been going it alone.
Therein lies the crux of the whole story. The bricklayer can get $4,500
a year for his services while the professor, reaping the "blessings" of the
rugged individualism and "free Americanism" Fulton Lewis, Jr., and
Cecil B. DeMille love to preach about, considers himself lucky to knock
down $3,500 in anything but one of the major colleges.

American Worker Still the Envy of the World

For all its shortcomings, our economic way of life is still the envy
of the world. Our free enterprise system produces more of the good
things in life for more people than any other system devised by the mind
of men. We all work less, earn more, and enjoy more than any other
people on the face of the earth. This fact was recently emphasized by the

THE CARPENTER 17

visit of a number of "working- party" committees from England, sent
here to study American standards and American productivity.

The reports of these committees showed some startling- contrasts be-
tween Eng-lish and American production. They found that the British
output per man hour lag-s behind ours by eighteen to forty-nine per
cent in spinning; eighty to eighty-five per cent in winding; seventy-nine
to eighty-nine in beaming; and fifty-six to sixty-seven per cent in weaving.
Despite the fact that the textile industry got its start in the British
Isles, the committees found that the American workman now produces
approximately twice as much as his British brother.

In the boot and shoe industry a visiting committee found that produc-
tion is "three quarters as high again" per man as it is in England. Another
group found that production per worker in the apparel industry is from
a quarter to a half higher here than it is in British factories. Surprisingly
enough, the committee also determined that American quality is on a par
or above English. Although it must have been a blow to innate English
pride, the committees found that while an English textile worker turns
out around 1,835 linear yards of material per year, his American brother
turned out something like 3,633 yards in 1945.

Because his production is greater, the American workman enjoys a
higher standard of living; for only out of production can come either
wages or profits. In the days when Karl Marx was bemoaning the plight
of the working people, production, because of poor tools, was low. His
"solution" was the elimination of profits. But even if the workers got all
the profits and all the fruits of their labor in those days their living
standard would still have been piteously low. Marx saw the picture as
it really was but his diagnosis of the cause was erroneous. The invention
of the steam engine did more to take children out of the mines and textile
mills than all the politicians of all time. The Communists of today are
making the same mistake Marx did a hundred years ago. Production is
still the only basis on which either decent wages or decent profits can be
created ; and year after year America has proved free men can outproduce
any others.

Admittedly there are sore spots and imperfections in our economic
setup, but they are only of a temporary nature. Whatever the yardstick,
the American worker is in a class by himself — in earnings, in living
standards and in productivity. Those who think otherwise are like the
dog in the fable who dropped the fine bone he had in his mouth to grasp
at the magnified reflection of it in the pond.

A Day of Reckoning Is Inevitable

Ever since V-J Day, various employer associations have periodically
predicted that prices would "soon" start levelling off and seeking a more
normal stratum. Like the "prosperity" of the 1930's, however, price reduc-
tions are mighty slow in rounding the theoretical corner. The cost of
living is still creeping upward and new all-time highs are in prospect in
the very near future unless there is a reversal in the inflationary trend.
A few months ago commodity prices broke on the various exchanges and

18 THE CARPENTER

there was a great deal of hub-bub on the part of various propaganda
agencies which employers maintain to butter up public opinion. "This is
it," the agencies gleefully announced. "The inflationary spiral is broken.
Prices are on their way down."

Prices did decline a little in various lines, but the decline was neither
very substantial nor very long lived. During the last few months prices
have continued their steady upward spiral. With the nation about to
embark on another armament program, the chances are good that the
upward climb will continue.

In view of the serious inflationary pressure that haunts us, the annual
report of the National City Bank on corporate profits — just issued for the
year 1947 — presents some interesting reading. According to this report,
the 3,102 companies studied made an average profit in 1947 some thirty-
seven per cent higher than in 1946. This was after taxes, depreciation, in-
terest AND RESERVES. The same companies upfped their returns on
book net worth from nine and a half per cent in 1946 to twelve and a sixth
per cent in 1947 — an increase of almost twenty-eight per cent. Forty-two
cotton goods producers increased their profits fifty-nine and a half per
cent. Twenty-three shoe and leather goods firms upped their incomes by
almost thirty-nine per cent. Twenty meat packing corporations earned
twenty-one per cent more in 1947 than they did in 1946.

Twenty-one lumber firms upped their return on net worth from a
little over twenty-one per cent in 1946 to almost thirty-two per cent in
1947. Fifteen furniture firms jumped from less than ten per cent to
more than sixteen per cent. Except for the airlines and railroads, most
of the other industries studied did practically as well.

From 1946 to 1947, while industry was increasing its profits by almost
thirty-seven per cent, wages increased by a scant twelve per cent. These
figures pretty much tell the story. Prices are drastically outrunning pur-
chasing power. Perhaps the nation can, because of an expanding work
force, maintain an even economic keel under conditions of this kind, but
we seriously doubt it. Sooner or later the total amount of purchasing
power fails to take care of the nation's production and then serious trouble
sets in. Unless prices, profits and wages can be brought into balance
shortly, a day of reckoning is inevitable.

Competition Goes Into Reverse

Competition has always been the backbone of our way of life. Lately,
however, competition seems to have gone into reverse. When a Senate
committee last month was investigating the recent increase in steel prices
an interesting example of this reversal came to light. Senator O'Mahoney,
implacable foe of monopoly, was asking ]\Ir. Homer, president of Bethle-
hem Steel, how his company happened to raise prices. He explained that
a salesman came into the office and- reported U.S. Steel had raised its
prices five per cent.

Trying to find out why Bethlehem raised its prices by exactly the same
amount. Senator O'Mahoney asked: "Why did you have to do it?"

"Oh, we have to be competitive," replied Mr. Homer.

1»

Here They are ^gain

NON-UNION cedar shingles from Canada are once more beg-inningf
to jeopardize the fine wages and working conditions established
by our Brotherhood in the shingle mills of Oregon, Washington
and California. Years ago some Washington bureaucrat in his infinite
wisdom decreed that Canadian shingles should be admitted into the United
States duty-free. Ever since that time the Canadian provinces have pro-
vided grossly unfair competition for shingles produced under union con-
ditions. During the war these non-union products were lost in the shufifle;
but now that the war is over they

are once more making an appear-
ance in American markets. Recently
a single shipment of some fifty car-
loads was reportedly delivered to
the California market.

Among the earliest branches of
the lumber industry to be organized,
shingle-making is still a sizeable

can be to organized mills is plainly
shown by a comparison of wages
and conditions in the two kinds of
operations. The table of wage rates,
taken at random and representing
neither the highest nor the lowest
in either type of mill, shows the
wide discrepancy that exists:

]oh

Non-Union Canadian Rate

American Rate

Blockpiler
Bolterman
Millwright
Cutoff Man
Cleanup Man
Minimum

•99i

per

hour

1.154

per

hour

i.o7i

per

hour

1-192

per

hour

•95

per

hour

•95i

per

hour

$1.72-1 per hour
2.07^ per hour
1-742 per hour-
1-972 per hour
1.52^ per hour
1.52^ per hour

craft in the western states where
cedar is plentiful. For all the sub-
stitutes that have been devised in
recent years, Red Cedar shingles
still remain a preferred product in
many sections of the country where
their many good qualities are rec-
ognized. Thousands of Brotherhood
men still earn their livelihoods
turning the giant cedar trees of the
west into shingles and shakes.

How unfair the competition of
non-union Canadian shingle mills

These wage comparisons were
made as of rates in effect January
16, 1948. However, the difference in
wage rates does not tell the whole
story. There is also a wide discrep-
ancy in working conditions. For
example, workers in American un-
ion shop plants are paid standby
time at the rate in effect in each
classification. Union workers are
also paid make-ready time at the
straight time rate for all work per-
formed in preparing their machines

THE CARPENTER

for a job or operation. Union work-
ers also receive an extra four cents
per hour in lieu of vacations with
pay. (The union is now negotiating
for a paid vacation clause in the
new agreement.) Canadian non-
union mills work a forty-hour week
whereas as mills under Brother-
hood agreement work six hours a
day six days a week, with time and
a half for the sixth day. Added to-
gether, all these things mean that
non-union workers work for about
half what Brotherhood members
work for. Naturally the products
of the non-union mills create gross-
ly unfair competition for union-
made shingles under a duty-free
arrangement.

Virtually the entire shingle in-
dustry in Oregon, Washington, and
California is organized under the
Brotherhood banner. Not only are
the products of these mills made
under union conditions, but practi-
cally all of them bear the union
label of our Brotherhood as well.
Users of cedar shingles are cau-
tioned to look for the Brotherhood
label whenever buying shingle pro-
ducts. That is the safest way of
making sure that the products are
union made. With the six hour day,
standby time, and a host of other
fine working rules. Brotherhood
shingle weavers are pointing the
way to better conditions to a large
part of American industry. How-
ever, non-union made shingles from
Canada are jeopardizing all of their
gains. Already some union mills
are curtailing because low-wage,
non-union shingles are usurping a
sizeable portion of the market.

The menace which duty-free shin-
gles constitute to the welfare and
prosperity of unionized American
shingle weavers has been called to
the attention of the government re-
peatedly. So far Uncle Sam has

turned a deaf ear, and there seems
to be little chance of a change of
heart in the near future. Conse-
quently the task of keeping non-
union products from breaking down
the wages and working conditions
of organized plants must fall to the
people who use them.

From all indications, most non-
union shingles are now going to the
California market although ship-
ments reportedly have been made to
nearly all sections of the United
States. In view of the fact that vir-
tually all plants in the Pacific Coast
states are organized, it is an easy
matter to spot non-union shingles :
if they do not bear the Brotherhood
label, they are non-union made.
Consequently the man who believes
in unionism, who knows that an
attack on the wage scale of one
worker is an attack on the wage
scale of every other worker will
look for the Brotherhood label
whenever buying shingle products.
So long as tariff laws do not offer
any protection to the wages and
conditions of organized shingle
weavers, labor will have to do the
job itself.

The Right to

VOTE

Is Your)

Don't Fail to Use It

Official Information

General OflRcerg of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOESERS

of A3IERICA

General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General President

WM. L. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First General Vice-President

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Secretary

FRANK DUFFY

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Second General Vice-President

JOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Treasurer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Executitz Board

First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Fifth District. R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Second District, WM. J. KELLY
Carpenters' Bldg., 243 4th Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa.

Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.

Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary

All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary

NOTICE TO ALL LOCAL UNIONS

The attention of all Local Unions is hereby directed to the action taken by the
General Executive Board at its meeting held in Lakeland last January relative to
the admission to membership of individuals not qualified to follow some branch of
our trade. The action of the Board — as contained in the official minutes, was as
follows:

"It has come to the attention of the General Executive Board that
many of onr Local Unions throughout the jurisdiction of the Brotherhood
have accepted to honorarj' membership applicants who have nevei* ^vorked
at any branch of the trade, and who, by no stretch of imagination are
qualified for membership as per the qualifications set forth in the Gen-
eral Constitution; therefore, the Board goe^ on recard as declaring that
no applicant can be admitted as a member unless he can qualify as being
competent to work at some branch of the trade."

NEW CHARTERS ISSUED

2450 Plaster Rock, N. B., Can. 3094 Quitman, Miss.

2451 Dailey, W. Va. 3097 Century, Fla.

2452 Montreal, So., Que., Can. 2459 Roanoke. Va.

2453 Oakridge, Ore. 2527 Victoria, B. C, Can.

2454 Trenton, Ont., Can. 3095 High Point, N. C.

2455 Crescent City, Cal. 2460 Wordstock, Ont., Can.

2457 Drummondville, Que., Can. 2596 Baldwin, Mich.

2458 Nelson & Dist., B. C. Can.

^tt 0i

txncvxnnt

Brother T. L. ANDREWS, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Brother IGNATZ BALTUSKIS, Local No. 13, Chicago, IlL

Brother GEORGE W. BARCE, Local No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.

Brother ERIC BENSON, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.

Brother JOHN W. BERG, Local No. 824, Muskegon, Mich.

Brother JOHN BESEMER, Local 325, Haledon, N. J.

Brother J. H. BETTIS, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Brother R. BINGHAM, Local No. 198, Dallas, Texas

Brother IRA BLEVINS, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Brother WESLEY E. BOSORE, Local No. 651, Jackson, Mich.

Brother FRED BRECKNER, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Calif.

Brother RICHARD BREITENBACH, Local No. 1784, Chicago, 111.

Brother MARTIN BROWN, Local No. 514, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

Brother FERDINAND BRUHBACH, Local No. 1784, Chicago, III.

Brother LEO CALDERALLA, Local No. 246, New York City, N. Y.

Brother CLARENCE CLAY, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Calif.

Brother S. W. CLEMENTS, Local No. 1768, Jacksonville, Tex.

Brother W. A. COFFELT, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Brother ROBERT COOPER, Local 366, Bronx, N. Y.

Brother W. L. COOPER, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Brother W. J. COLLARD, Sr., Local No. 1822, Ft. Worth, Texas

Brother A. H. CRAGO, Local No. 1563, Monessen, Pa.

Brother JAMES A. DAVIS, Local No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.

Brother JOHN R. DIXON, Local No. 16, Springfield, 111.

Brother JACOB DUMELLE, Local No. 1784, Chicago, 111.

Brother C. C. DURHAM, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Brother BUFORD R. ELLIOTT, Local No. 190, Klamath Falls, Ore.

Brother PERRY FISHER, Local No. 143, Canton, Ohio

Brother THOMAS FLYNN, Local No. 246, New York City, N. Y.

Brother AUGUST GAEDKE, Local No. 13, Chicago, IlL

Brother HARRY GIPPLE, Local No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.

Brother C. C. HALLMARK, Local No. 1890, Conroe, Tex.

Brother C. B. HAVENS, Local No. 2067, Medford, Ore.

Brother L. H. HAYNES, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Brother HENRY HEDLICKA, Local 298, Bronx, N. Y.

Brother FRANK M. HOLM, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother H. L. JOHNSON, Local No. 7, Minneapolis, Minn.

Brother WM. PAT JOHNSON, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Brother JOHN JORGENSEN, Local No. 298, Bronx, N. Y.

Brother MAX KATZMAN, Local No. 51, Boston, Mass.

Brother FRANK KNOR, Local No. 808, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Brother OTTO KOESTER, Local No. 1784, Chicago, IlL

Brother PETER KUTT, Local No. 298, Bronx, N. Y.

Brother CARL LANDBERG, Local No. 7, Minneapolis, Minn.

Brother ELMER LICHAVE, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.

Brother WM. LONGLEY, Local No. 1449, Lansing, Mich.

Brother HARRY P. LUTZ, Local No. 1449, Lansing, Mich.

Brother W. BUTLER MAHAN, Local No. 16, Springfield, 111.

Brother JOHN McCONNELL, Local No. 143, Canton, Ohio

Brother FRED MEEKER, Local No. 190, Klamath Falls, Ore.

Brother A. E. MILLER, Local No. 2067, Medford, Ore.

Brother WM. NEISS, Local No. 143, Canton, Ohio

Brother ARTHUR J. NEWSTROM, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother ED NOLDN, Local No. 143, Canton, Ohio

Brother HERMAN OSTHEIMER, Local No. 298, Bronx, N. Y.

Brother JAMES PAGE, Local No. 35, San Rafael, Calif.

Brother BENJAMIN PALANGE, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Calif.

Brother ANDERS PETERSON, Local No. 35, San Rafael, Calif.

Brother EDGAR PHILLIPS, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.

Brother HENRY PICK, Local No. 13, Chicago, 111.

Brother PETER PRATL, Local No. 13, Chicago, 111.

Brother ADAM REICHARD, Local No. 1784, Chicago, 111.

Brother ALDERIC RENAUD, Local No. 874, New Bedford, Mass.

Brother WILLIAM J. RIORDAN, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Calif.

Brother W. H. ROBINS, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Brother FRANK ROSETSKI, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.

Brother CHARLES A. RUPERT, Sr., Local No. 514, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.

Brother JOHN SAVAGE, Local No. 1449, Lansing, Mich.

Brother ULISSE SAMARTIN, Local No. 246, New York City, N. Y.

Brother JAMES J. SHINNORS, Local No. 454, Philadelphia, Pa.

Brother JOHN SIVERTSON, Local No. 7, Minneapolis, Minn.

Brother JOSEPH STOPKA, Local No. 13, Chicago, 111.

Brother ARCHIE D. STORM, Local No. 651, Jackson, Mich.

Brother CLAY TAYLOR, Sr., Local No. 1822, Ft. Worth, Texas.

Brother THOMAS TAYLOR, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Calif.

Brother N. L. THOMPSON, Local No. 74, Chattanooga, Tenn.

Brother JIMMIE K. TURNER, Local No. 1822, Ft. Worth, Texas

Brother RUSSELL TURNER, Local No. 143, Canton, Ohio

Brother JOHN WADEMANN, Local No. 298, Bronx, N. Y.

Brother W. G. WAGNON, Local No. 1371, Gadsden, Ala.

Brother JAMES E. WALKER, Local No. 1048, Duquesne, Pa.

Brother ED. WARRING, Local No. 7, Minneapolis, Minn.

Brother PARK WEST, Local No. 143, Canton, Ohio

Brother MORTON WICKLUND, Local No. 7, Minneapolis, Minn.

Brother HENRY H. WICKS, Local No. 1149, Oakland, Calif.

CorrQspondQRCQ

This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.

ESSEX-MIDDLESEX CONFERENCE HELD AT LAKELAND

The Essex-Middlesex, Massachusetts, County Conference of Carpenters was held
in Lakeland, Florida, this winter. Traveling by chartered Greyhound bus, the
delegates left Salem on a Friday evening, arriving in Lakeland two days later.
There they were met by Marshall Goddard, assist superintendent of the Home.
The party made its headquarters at the Thelma Hotel but much of its spare time
was spent visiting the Home.

Mr. Goddard conducted the party on an inspection tour of the Home, the groves,
dairy plant, truck garden, etc. After the tour a luncheon was served at the home
so that the visitors could mix with the Home guests from their district. The fol-
lowing day the Adams Packing Company, which processes the bulk of the citrus
fruits from the Brotherhood groves, sent a bus for the party and conducted it
through its Immense packing plant. This was followed by an evening barbeque
at the groves, the whole party winding up the evening as guests of Mr. and Mrs.
Goddard at their home.

Side trips were made to Tampa, St. Petersburg, Ocala, Silver Springs, some
even going as far as Miami. Only two in the party had even seen the Carpenters
Home before and there were expressions of amazement on all sides over the
splendid way in which the organization is taking care of its veteran members.
Several in the group were critical about the need for maintaining the Home when
they started but they returned full of enthusiasm for the fine job it is doing.

Edward Thomson, business manager of the North Shore District Council, was
in charge of the conference. With the assistance of a committee he made the
entire affair a complete success. The party left Lakeland Friday afternoon and
arrived home the following Sunday.

NEW JERSEY LOCALS MARK CONSOLIDATION

An anniversary dinner was held by Local 537 in Greven's Hotel in Rahway, N.
J., on March 13, 1948 to mark the 48th and last year of its existence as a unit, it
having voted to consolidate with Local 715 of Elizabeth.

Practically the entire membership of Local 537 were present and many broth-
ers from Local 715. At the conclusion of the dinner. President James Dyer of 5 37
handed the gavel to Raleigh Rajoppi, President of the New Jersey State Council of
Carpenters, who acted as toastmaster. He called upon the visiting brothers for a
few words and outlined the efforts he had expended in bringing about the formali-
ties of consolidation.

Brother George F. Coughlin, Business Agent of 715 and Chairman of the
Board of Business Agents, welcomed the brothers of 537 into his Local and assured
them that with their support and devotion their new Local would become the most
successful in the State.

Brother Eric Shoelpple, Business Agent of 53 7, expressed the sentiment that
the consolidation would bring greater benefits and gains to all its members.

Brother O. William Blaier, General Rrepresentative of the United Brotherhood,
paid homage to Brother Rajoppi by saying that he was one of the best Presidents
the State Council of Carpenters had, that he gave unstintingly of his time and
efforts, that he was constantly visiting Locals and lending of his services graci-
ously and willingly in all situations. He expressed the hope that Brother Rajoppi
would continue in his position and his good work. Brother Blaier expressed him-

24 THE CARPENTER

self in favor of consolidation throughout this small and compact State of New
Jersey, either on a County basis or in greater areas. "This," he said, "would give
us greater strength to fight our enemies and also enable us to establish uniform
conditions throughout the State."

Nathan Duff, Counsel for Local 5 3 7, spoke of the necessity for Labor to take
an active part in the forthcoming political campaign. The Taft-Hartley Act. and
other anti-social legislation now pending in Congress, he said, was passed and
would be passed not by the Republican Party nor the Democratic Party, but by
a combination of both and hence both parties must bear the guilt equally. We of
Labor must shed our partisan label to protect ourselves, our children and our way
of life and vote for those men who are dedicated to protect Labor, and against
those who are avowedly or suspiciously anti-Labor.

Others called upon to speak were Harold Hansen, Business Agent Local 155
of Plainfield; N. J. Cantwell, Secretary of New Jersey State Council of Carpenters
and Secretary of Local 715; and the officers of 537, James Dyer, President; Jacob
Tornrath, Vice-President; Louis Scirrotto, Recording Secretary; Burt Lanphear,
Treasurer; William Crane, Financial Secretary; Max Prietz, Conductor; William
Jenner, Warden; and Clarence Heller, one of the Trustees.

The anniversary and consolidation committee consisted of: James Dyer, Eric
Shoelpple, Burt Lanphear, Louis Scirrotto, Frank Telmanyi, Clarence Heller and
Stephen Heyburn.

•

LOCAL. No. 124 MARKS GOLDEN JUBILEE

In honor of attaining its fiftieth milestone. Local No. 124, Bradford, Pa., on
the night of January 29th, sponsored a banquet and social evening for its host
of members and friends. The Local Union's Charter bears the date of December
31, 1897. In the years since that time the union^has seen good times and bad,
but day in and day out the officers and members have constantly worked to make
the union and the city, state and nation better and more prosperous in every way.

Approximately 170 guests sat down to dinner; among them Mayor Hugh Ryan
who delivered the address of welcome. Also present were members of the clergy,
members of contracting firms and Mr. Wm. Zerley, manager of the district Social
Security Boad, who spoke briefly on the benefits of the Social Security program.
The General Officers were represented by General Representative Jack O'Donnell
who proved himself to be an able and forceful speaker. Brother Kenneth Anderson
did a fine job as toastmaster.

Special tribute was paid to a fine group of old timers whose continuous mem-
bership adds up to 209 years. They are: Carl W. Larson, forty-eight years; Lewis
Larson, forty-six years; H. M. Kelly, forty-six years; O. L. Shelgren, forty-four
years; and Alfred Nelson, forty-five years. The last charter member, Brother J. L.
Brothers, passed away in April of last year. As the member with the longest
record of continuous membership. Brother Carl Larson was presented with a fine
gift.

HOLLAND UNIONS SPONSOR JOINT BANQUET

In conjunction with Bricklayers Local Union No. 19, Local Union No. 1908
of Holland, Michigan, on the night of February 28th sponsored a banquet and
social evening. Some 200 people, including members, friends and guests of the
two organization filled the American Legion Memorial Club to near capacity. A
reception committee greeted guests at the door and wives of union members were
presented with pink carnation corsages. Tables were decorated with center-
pieces of sweet peas and snapdragons, tulips and daffodils.

Ben Hulst was master of ceremonies for the evening. Brief talks were given
by John Van Dyke, Harold Vander Bie, Jack Ritsema, Martin Plockmeyer, Floyd
Kraai, H. Gerritsen and Gerrit Schipper.

Following the banquet a variety of interesting games were played with clever
prizes awarded to the winners. All in all, the guests enjoyed themselves greatly
and the evening was unanimously considered a complete success.

THE CARPENTER 25

MANSFIEL.D MEMBERS HONOR ANOTITER BIRTHDAY

To honor the forty-seventh anniversary of its existence, Local Union No. 735,
Mansfield, Ohio, on the night of February 2 8th, sponsored a birthday banquet.
Approximately 200 guests sat down to a family style chicken dinner at the Blue
Goose Tavern. Combining lots of good food with lots of good fellowship, the affair
proved to be a great success.

Brother Ben Godfrey, representative of the Industrial Relations and Safety
and Hygiene Department of the State of Ohio gave a short talk on the State
Safety Code. An hour's entertainment consisting of singing and dancing was pre-
sented by a troupe from Columbus. With plenty of visiting by friends and neigh-
bors, the 1948 version of Local No. 735's annual birthday party proved to be out-
standing.

The arrangements committee consisted of Grover C. Lake, John Coon and
Floyd Meyers.

•

DETROIT PAYS TRIBUTE TO BROTHER ALLAN

Saturday night, April 3rd, was "Finlay Allan Night" in the Fountain Room of
the Masonic Temple, Detroit, when over 1,000 union members, friends and guests
paid a glowing tribute to the new secretary-treasurer and business manager of the
Detroit Building Trades Council. The occasion was really the annual banquet of
Detroit members of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters but it mainly served as
a vehicle for paying the respects of the Detroit labor movement to Finlay Allan
who recently resigned as secretary-treasurer of the Detroit District Council of
Carpenters to assume a similar capacity with the Detroit Building Trades Council.

Many dignitaries both in and out of labor, were on hand to pay tribute to
Brother Allan. Frances X. Martel, president of the Detroit Building Trades Council
delivered the keynote address of the evening. He described Allan as "one of the
outstanding young labor leaders in the city whose talents have been recognized
on a national scale." He told the assemblage that when Allan took over as
secretary-treasurer of the Detroit District Council the membership barely topped
3,000. Under his stewardship of seven short years the membership has grown
to better than 11,000 and working conditions and wages compare with the best
in the nation. It was only natural, he said, that when death called Ed. Thai, secre-
tary-treasurer of the Detroit Building Trades Council that Allan should be drafted
to fill his shoes.

During the course of the eA^ening a liberal purse was awarded Brother Allan
as a token of esteem from his fellow Carpenters. Among the special guests
attending were Mike Sexton, president of the Chicago District Council, Andrew
McFarlane, president and business manager Laborers Local 3 34; Marion Macioce,
business representative Sheet Metal Workers Locals 2 81 and 292; Archie Virtus,
business agent Plumbers Local 98; Frank Riley, business manager Electrical Work-
ers Local 58; Clifford Sparkman, president Detroit Typographical Union No. 18;
James Collins, general organizer Painters International Union; Irving Bronson,
Painters District Council; Patrick Brady, Laborers Union international representa-
tive, and County Auditor Archie Leadbetter.

SAN MATEO PLUGS APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING

At special ceremonies held in American Legion Hall of the San Mateo Civic
Center, thirty young men who have completed their apprenticeship training
were awarded Certificates of Completion and welcomed into the craft of carpentry
by officers and members of Local Union No. 16 2. On hand were a number of
prominent citizens active in government, labor and civic affairs. A. J. Mooney, chief
of the state division of apprenticeship standards delivered the principal address.

Apprenticeship training has long been close to the heart of Local No. 162.
Eleven years ago the Local inaugurated such a program and during that time
a large number of first class mechanics has been educated. The program started
by Local No. 162 has grown to the point where some 600 young men are now
taking the course in that area. Three classes, one at Sequoia High School, Redwood
City; one at San Mateo Junior College; and one at South San Francisco have
developed from the original start.

SAN RAFAEL, LADIES START OFF WITH A BANG

The Editor:

Ladies Auxiliary No. 495 of San Rafael, Cal., celebrated the installing of its
charter on Monday, January 12th by sponsoring a party and social evening. A
large gathering of ladies, husbands and friends were on hand to help make the
affair a huge success. W.O.W. Hall was almost filled to capacity and everyone on
hand declared the party was a four-star affair.

A folk dancing group from San Rafael entertained the members and guests
with a wide variety of old and modern dancing. At times the members joined in
the fun. Shortly after eleven very welcome refreshments were served. The eve-
ning broke up on a high note of fraternal good feeling.

The formation of a Ladies Auxiliary in San Rafael is going to help the brothers
of our city in more way than one as we intend to cooperate with them in every
way we possibly can.

Fraternally yours,

Dorothy Perkins, Rec. Sec.

BINGHAMPTON LADIES GET AUXILIARY UNDER WAY

The Editor:

Ladies Auxiliary No. 490 of Carpenters Local No.' 281, Binghampton, N. Y.,
was installed at the Labor Temple on November 13, 1947. Following the official
organization of the Auxiliary, nomination and election of officers took place.

Officers were installed as follows: president, Hazel Smith; vice president, Mary
Miller; recording secretary, Leah Kelly; financial secretary and treasurer, Beva
Matthews; conductress, Emily Morrow; warden, Molly Lambert; trustees, Peg
Skinner, Florence Reed, and Mrs. Hauser.

Our meetings are held on the 2nd and 4th Tuesday nights of each month.
We have a bingo game on the last meeting night of the month. Small gifts are
donated by the members to be used as prizes. We also have a white elephant affair
each meeting night; the winner bringing the prize for the next meeting.

The proceeds go into the treasury and are used for sunshine baskets and
flowers for the sick; also for flowers for members and their families in case of
death.

We are having a card party at the Labor Temple on March 18 followed by a
luncheon.

Our Auxiliary being in its infancy, we would welcome letters and ideas from
any Sister Auxiliaries.

Fraternally yours,

Leah Kelly, Rec. Sec'y.

RISING PRICES DISTORT FIGURES

"National production" hit a new peak of $230 billion in 1947, a rise of 13
per cent over 19 46.

"National income" also set a record, rising from $178 billion in 1946 to $203
billion in 1947.

But, explains a Department of Commerce report, there's a "catch" in all those
figures. Both production and income were measured in dollars, and the rises were
mainly caused by increasing prices.

Craft ProblQms

Carpentry

LESSON 236
By H. H. Siegele

In a previous lesson I took up the
matter of snapping a chalk line, but in
this lesson I want to discuss fastening
lines. While I have in mind the ordinary-
line, the principles can be applied to

Fig. 1

sash cords and ropes, depending some-
what on the circumstances under which
they are being' used.

Fig. 1 shows how to fasten a line to
a stake. This is called the friction hitch.
It is easy to make — a one and one-half
wrap around the stake, crossing the
line somewhat as shown to the right
is all that is needed. When the line is
to be removed you simply unwrap it
and it is loose. This fastening, if the

stake is firm, will keep the line in a
definite position all the time. Compare
this with the fastening shown by Fig. 9,
which is sometimes used for fastening
lines.

Fig. 2 gives the first and second op-

erations for fastening a line to a nail
by means of a friction hitch. First you
loop the line over the index finger of
the right hand, and then give it about
three rotary twists, away from you at

the top and toward you at the bottom,
as indicated by the arrows and symbols
of hands at the bottom. If this is prop-
erly done, the loop will be twisted about
as shown by Fig. 3. The loop is then
hooked over the nail, about as shown by
Fig. 4. Now hold the line tight with
the left hand, and with the right hand
give the end of the line a quick jerk, in
the direction of the arrows and on past
the nail. This will roll the line up into
a little ball at the nail. Then slowly re-

lax the pull on the end of the line, which
will leave the twist at the nail about as
shown by Fig. 5. This hitch will hold
the line without slipping, and when you
are ready to take off the line, give the
end of the line a quick jerk, as indicat-
ed by the arrows, and the line will come
off the nail with ease. The student is
advised to practice making this hitch
until he can make it automatically.

The nail hitch can be used on both
ends of the line. It should be remem-
bered, however, that the line must be
kept tight all the time, in order to ob-
tain the best results. After the first

THE CARPENTER

hitch is made in the manner explained
above, the hitch on the other end is
made in exactly the same way, but be
sure that the line is as tight as you want

it before you knot the hitch at the nail.

Another good way to fasten the first
end of a line to a nail is by means of
a permanent loop on the end of the
line. There are different ways of making

Fig. 6

such a loop, but the method shown in
Fig. 6 will keep the loop and line prop-
erly centered, which is important when
accurate lining is to be done. To the left

is shown the first operations. The curved
line with the arrow heads, shows how
the end of the line is pulled through
the loop, around the line and back

through the loop again. This will give
you a loose knot, about what is shown
at the center. To the right is shown
the loop completed with the knot tight-
ened, but not as tight as it should be.
Fig. 7 shows the loop, the making of
which has just been explained, hooked
onto a nail.

Fig. 8 shows how a line should be
fastened to a batter board. At A is
shown, partly by dotted lines, a saw

Fig. 8

kerf with enough of the wood cut out
to show the bottom of the kerf. At B
the line is shown fa'stened to a batter
board by means of a saw kerf.

Fig. 9 shows how not to fasten a
line to a stake, post, bar, studding, etc.
This fastening can not be depended
upon to hold the line permanently in
the same place. The knot is shown
rather loose, which can be tightened.

H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS

ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Hoof framing
complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.00.

CARPENTRY.— Has 302 p., 754 il., covering general
house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.

BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p.
670 il., and about 7,000 building trade terms. $3.00.

QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac-
tical building problems, has 252 p. and 670 il. $2.50.

BUILDING.— Has 210 p. and 495 11., covering form
building, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.

The above five books support one another.

TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.

PUSHING BUTTONS. — Illustrated prose. Only $1.00.

FREE. — With 2 books, one $1.00 book free, with
4 books, two, and with 5 books, three $1.00 books free.

Books autographed.

C. 0. D. orders, postage and C. O. D. tee added.
Order u U CiPf^E'l F M2 So. Const. St.
today. ■■■ ■*■ wi^>a^i.^ Emporia, Kansas

AUTOMATIC
SAW SET

saw teeth automatically
on hand or band saws
— 400 per minute
without effort. Per-
fect hammer and anvil

action sets teeth uniformly

— No tooth breakage.

BURR MFG. COMPANY

WRITE
TODAY

AUTOMATIC
RETOOTHER

Cuts new saw teeth in 50
seconds — any size 4 to 16
points. Old teeth fall off
as chips. Easy to operate.
A perfect job.

8945-A Venice Blvd.
Los Angeles 34, Cal.

THE CARPENTER

but even then it is not as good a hitch
as the one shown by Fig. 1. Compare
the two hitches again.

Fig. 10 shows how to fasten lines
with bricks by wrapping the line around

one brick a few times and weighting
that brick down with another brick.
To the left, at a smaller scale, is shown
how the weighting brick is sometimes
set, but there is little advantage in it,
in fact the brick in this position is like-
ly to fall over.

Fig. 10.

Sometimes when the line has to be
stretched very tight, two or more bricks
are used to weight the first brick down.
On the other hand, on very short dis-
tances, weighting down the line-holding
brick is not altogether necessary, how-
ever, to be safe, it is always advisable
to weight down line-holding brick.

I worked for a man once who had to
have lines strung, as it were, every-
where. At any rate there were so many
lines, that it was hard to move around
without stumbling over some of them,
after which they had to be reset. This
over use of lines is all unnecessary,
especially when chalk lines can be used
instead. The advantage in a chalk line
lies in the fact that after it has been
made it stays put. Whenever a chalk line
will answer the purpose, it should be
used rather than a regular stretched
line.

As to the size of chalk lines: For
shingling and other rough work, a line
about 3/32 of an inch thick is com-
monly used. But for striking chalk lines
on boards for ripping with a hand rip
saw, a smaller line will give more ac-
curate results. I have seen fish lines
used for chalk lines, and they give es-
pecially good service. They are strong
and make a well-defined chalk line.

NOW AVAILABLE

FOOT

FOLDING

RULE

Accurate 6-foot folding rule with sure-
lock joints. Solid black calibrations on
sturdy, satin-finish aluminum. Clear,
distinct readings. Ifs-iuch divisions with
\4i divisions on first inch. Rust-proof
rivets at all joints. Folds to 7-inch
length. Sent postpaid on receipt of SI .00.
You take no risk. Satisfaction guaran-
teed. Money cheerfully refunded if rule
is returned within 5 days. Order NOW.

HESSE & CO.

77 W. WASHINGTON ST.
CHICAGO 2, ILL.

CARPENTERS

and

BUILDERS'
HANDBOOK

This new and re-
vised edition of Car-
penters and Build-
ers' Practical Rules
for Laying Out
Work consists of
short but practical
rules for laying out
roofs, ceilings, hop-
pers, stairs and arches with tables of
board measure, length of common, hip. val-
ley and jack rafters, square measure, cube
measure, measure of length, etc. — also,
rules for kerfing, drafting gable molding,
getting the axis of a segment, laying off
gambrel roof and explaining the steel
square.

$1.50 postpaid

Personal check or money order acceptable.
Money back guarantee if not entirely satisfied

D.A.ROGERS

5344 Clinton Avenue
Minneapolis 9, Minn.

Enclosed $1.50. Forward by
return mail your Carpenters
& Builders' Practical
Rules for Laying Out Work.

ATTENTION FISHERMEN!

A sensational new type reel at a price you can
afford to pay. Adjustable tension makes it
the ideal reel for practically any kind of stream or
lake fishing. Avoid backlash. Land the big ones.
A durable, quality-made product that is the equal
of many reels costing up to ten times as much
when it comes to versatility or performance.

Price only $2.00

MARK SEYMOUR *

Send cash, check or
mon e y order to:

1633 36tli Avenue
Seattle 22, Wash.

Full Length Roof Framer

Tiis book gives the Entire Length of
the Common, Hip. Valley and Jack Eafters
for 4S different pitches.

The flattest pitch is a ^a inch rise to 12
inches of run. Pitches increase ^^ inch of
rise each time until they reach 24 inches of
rise to 12 inches of run. There are 48
pitches, all told.

There are 2.400 different spans or vridths
of buildings given for each pitch. The small-
est span is ^4 inch, and they increase 14
inch each time until they reach a span of
■50 feet. There is a different rafter length
for each 14 inch of span : therefore there
are 2.400 Common and 2.400 Hip Rafter
lengths, or 4.S00 rafter lengths for each
pitch : or 230.400 rafter lengths can be had
for the 48 pitches.

By doubling or trebling the spans, the
range of this book can be increased to meet
the requirements of any building or bridge,
even should the span run in the hundreds
of feet.

The 144 Tables ■will give the Entire
length of the Common, Hip, Valley or Jack
Rafter to ^.g inch, for positively any span,
be it in odd feet, odd inches, or odd frac-
tions of an inch.

The cuts and bevels for all the roof 'srork
are given -w-ith each of the 48 pitches.

Getting the lengths of rafters by the span and
the method of setting up the tables is fully pro-
tected by the 1917 &. 1944 Copyrights.

Price $2.50 Postpaid. If C.O.D. pay $2.78.

A. RIECHERS

P. O. Box 405

Palo Alto, Calif.

SUPER HAM-R-ADZ NO. 10

Tool steel attachment
quickly converts car-
penter's hammer into
eflBcient adz. Ideal for
rough framing, scaf-
folding— form build-
i n g. Easy to use and
keep sharp. Fits poc-
ket. Get yours todav .

SUPER SQUARE GAGE NO. 49

Again available for instant
£::a:r.ment to carpenter's steel
scua-es. Perfect for laying
cut stair stringers and other
saw cuts. Precision-made
nickel-plated steel fiitures
irith bras; thumb screws.

Only .75 the pair!

A. D. McBURNEY

Dealers' or Postpaid.

939 W. 6th St., Dept. C-6

LOS ANGELES 14, CAL.

NOTICE

The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.

All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car-
penter," including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories

Page

Accurate Tool & Die Co., Cleve-
land, O 2nd Cover

American Floor Surfacing Machine

Co., Toledo, Ohio 3

E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis,

Ind. 4th Cover

Blue Star Products, Fairfield, la. 5
Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Calif. 28
Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 32

Hesse & Co., Chicago, 111 29

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover

Master Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y 4

A, D. McBurney, Los Angeles,

Calif. 30

Millers Falls Co., Greenfield, Mass. 31

Ohlen-Bishop, Columbus, Ohio 31

The Paine Co., Chicago, III 32

Porter-Cable Machine Co., Syra-
cuse, N. Y 1

Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore 4

The Speed Co., Portland, Ore 32

The Speed Corp., Portland, Ore 30

Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn._3rd Cover
Stovr Metal Products Co., Stow, 0.2nd Cover

Transglo Co., Little Neck, N. Y. 31

E. Weyer, New York, N. Y 32

Sporting Goods

Mark Seymour, Seattle, Wash 30

Teclinical Courses and Books

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago, 111. 31

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y 3rd Cover

Chicago Technical College, Chi- j

cago, 111. 6 i

Frederick J. Drake & Co., Chicago,

111. 32

A. Riechers, Palo Alto, Calif 30

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 29

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 28

Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 2nd Cover ■

You've never used

a finer tool
than this new drili

Hop right down to your
hardware store and see this
new automatic drill. See if
your fingers don't itch to hold
it . . . heft it . . . put it to
work. Note that man-size
handle . . . feel how snugly
it fits your grip. Sense that
balance. Sec how easily and
rapidly this chill works , . .
how smoothly it's controlled.
Clean lines, slick design,
bright nickel-plated shaft, 8
drill points 1/16" to 11/64"
in magazine handle— a honey
of a drill no draftsman can
resist. Millers Falls Company,
Greenfield, Massachusetts.

Millers Fall

No. 100 AUTOMATIC DRILL

^'Jitf^f

CELEBRATING 80 YEARS OF TOOLMAKING

Tempered Steel Carpenter's
6-Foot Folding Rule

Made of unbreakable tempered steel. Will
last indefinitely. Folds like old-time wooden
rule but will out-last wooden rule many
times. Easy to read black baked enamel
numbers on white background. Will not
rub off. Can easily
be cleaned.

$1.69 each
2 for $3.00

postpaid
Send check or money order today.

TRANSGLO COMPANY

p. O. Box 4 Little Neck, N. Y.

SAW CUMP ^ ""

Speed Up Saw Filing!

Money with or-
der, prepaid.
C.O.D. postage extra
Grips entire lengtli of saw . . a full 30 inclies. Attaches
or releases from work bench in only 15 seconds. Also can
be used for band saws. Made to last a lifetime. Sturdy,
all steel construction. Gripping edges ground to hold en-
tire length of saw true with no vibration.

THE SPEED CORPORATION
2025-A N.E. SANDY PORTLAND 12, ORE.

^£llR\V\"'^ ^1 FOR

'li\\'i{^\ ^^\Wi EXAMINATION

m^:^'^^\'-z=r^V SEND NO MONEI

Lesm to draw plans, estimate, be a live-wire builder, di
remodeling, take contracting Jobs. These 8 practical, pro
fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help yoi
to get more work and make more money. Architectural de
sign and drawing, estimating, steel square, roof framing
CQnstruction. painting and decorating, heating, air-condl
tioning. onncrete forms and many other subjects are included.

BETTER JOBS -- BETTER PAY "^-^.^r^lV

The Postwar building boom la in full t D I I I U ^

swing and trained men are needed. These books ar

Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to

WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete

ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub

handy, permanent reference Information lished on theg

that helps solve building problems. many subjects.
Coupon Brines Eloht Big Books For Examination

IMERICAN TECHNICArSOclETT "vocatioMl Publishers since 189
Dept. G-536 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III

You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your elgh
big books, "Building. Estimating, and Contracting" with
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charge
only, and if fully satisfied in ten days. I will send yoi
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the tota
price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In an;
way unless I keep the books.

Name

Address

City State

Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name am
address, and name and address of at least one buslnei
man as reference. Men In service, also give home address

FRED KLEMIVi— Expert

Saw Grinder

Fred, a thoroughly
skilled mechanic
cams to Ohlen-Bishop
in 1930. He is an ex-
pert saw grinder and
polisher. This impor-
tant step in saw pro-
duction is entrusted
to only our finest
skilled workmen. That's why you can de-
pend on Ohlen-Bishop quality saws.

906 Ingleside Ave.

Columbus 8, Ohio

ft ' Paine BULirm*.

PAINE

FASTENING fk Z U t f t ^
and HANGING U L If f L C J

0SINES5/

MAKE A GOOD LIVING IN YOUR OWN

BUSINESS — sharpening saws -with the
the Foley Automatic Saw Filer. It makes
old saws cut like new again. All hand saws,
also band saws and cross-cut circular
saws can be filed on this ONE machine.

THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF SAWS TO

BE FILED in your uwn neighborhood, used
by farmers, carpenters, homes, schools,
factories, etc. "W. L. Tarrant writes : "I
left my old job last September and in 10
months have filed 2.159 saws. We have a
lovely business worked tip and cannot
keep up with the work."

IMMEDIATE
DELIVERY

Start your own business
now, in spare time. FREE
PLAN shows how, —
no experience need-
ed, no canvassing.
Send coupon today.

SOLVE ROOF PROBLEWS I.N'STAiNTLV

IN TE\ seconds:.' All 11 i
lengths end cuts of rafters
for simple and hip roofs.'
Just set dial to "pitch" &
"run," and the other fig-
ures show up in windows.
Unlike rafter tables, run is
set directly in feet and in-
ches. There is no need to
adjust later for thickness
of ridge board. Cuts giv-
en in degrees and squdre
readings.

RAFTER DIAL SI.95 Order from-. E. Weyer, Dept. fl,

P.O. Box 153, Planetarium Station, New York 24, H. Y.

SAW, FILER

Saves You Time, Money

^(f^.

yourO'^"

hcirt

etine tccl niitM prccisioQ

fcli^S

eisT !o.- c,en i^t z^cs: inocptn-
- Twc siniDle £c_surenL5 make

a £:

i^T

r.-e r.-^i :iw. K«p Tcur

S2-S.5

£1"

5:Li.-r i-c ur^t'T-r.-^T.^ -a-.th

i:pe.

^ C

»T F-.:er. Co=p;t--e wl-i sit.

Cish

Iv.

ise- Mocey back giiarantce.
= order, prepaid. (CO-D.

pcs-.ige en-_-a-;

THE SPEED COMPANY

ept. A 2025 N.E. Sondy, PorHond 12,0r«.

ORDER TODAY!

The Helping Hand for Every
Carpentry Problem!

The

ll9

Steel
square

FredT.

STEEL
SQUARE

By Fred T. Hodgson

The Sation's Standard,

Most Complete and

Helpful Book

475 Fact Filled Pages
Over 300 Illustrations

f-nvT the skill of others in using the .Steel

■ Be a master of the .Square yourself-

how to nse it skillftillj" on layout work

<-T\ rrait problem — with Hodgson's fam-

k' Parked with detailed information toti

- pverv day. Simplified for easy reading

i-k tinder standing. Over .300 pictures

t-^- -teel square tise as simple as ABC.

r. no-w.

■. THIS HANDY COUPON . MAIL TODAY

^■^■^■^■^■^■^^-M^^^^^^^

FREDERICK J. DRAKE & CO., Dept. 35

MO W. Van Buren Street, Chicago 7. 111.
Send Hodgson's The Steel Square at cnce. Remittance for
S2.50 enclosed. You are to refund my money on return of
book if not satisfactory.

Xame

0^(fsi/^^,

•ic Every stroke counts with a Stanley Chisel. Takes a
sharp edge and holds it longer because it's first quality chisel
steel, carefully heat treated. Tempered all the way back to
the shank for repeated re-grindings. Made in all the popular
styles and sizes . . . with leather-capped hickory handles,
composition handles and composition capped with steel.
Stanley Tools, 163 Elm St., New Britain, Conn.

Stanley Wood Chisel
No. 750

THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD

[Stanley!)

Reg. U.S. Pal. Off.

HARDWARE- HAND TOOLS • ELECTRIC TOOLS

THAT CUTS
EVERYTHING

This one tool— its com-
panion table stand— and
its many accessories
equip you with a hand
saw . . . table saw . . .
shaper...face or drum
Sander . . . w^ire brush
. . . and grinder. See it
at your Dealer's TO-
DAY.

MALL TOOL COMPANY

7751 South Chicago Avenue, Chicago, 19, Illinois

AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides

4vois*$6

InsideTrade Information

for Carpenters, Builders, Join-
ers, Building Mechanics and aU
Woodworkers. These GoidBS
give yea the short-cut instmc*
lions that yoa want— including
Dew methods, ideas, solutions,
plans, systems and money sav-
ing saegestions. An easy pro-
grressive course for the appren-
tice and student. A practical
daily helper and Quick Refer-
ence for the master worker.
Carpenters everywhere are us-
ing these Guides as a Helpinff
Hand to Easier Work, Better
Work and Better Pay. To get
assistance for yoar»«l(.

Inside Trade Information On:

How to use the steei square — How to file and
set saws — ^How to build furniture — How to use
a mitre box — How to use the chali line — How
to use rules and scales — ^How to make joints —
Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration
problems — Estimating strength of timbers — -
How to set girders and sills — How to frame
houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — ^Ho w
to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.
— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up
speclflcatlons — How to excavate — How to use
settings 12. 13 and 17 on the steel square — How
to build hoists and scaffolds — skyUghts — How
to build stairs — How to put on interior trim —
How to hang doors — How to lath^ — lay floors — ^How to paint.

■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■'■■■■■I^PBBBBB ■■■■■■■■ ■■■■■■■■

AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St.. New York 10. N. Y.

Mail Audeis Carpenters and Builders Guides. 4 vols., on 7 davs* fre«
trial. If OK I will remit $1 in 7 d^iys and $1 monthly until S6 Is paid.
—Otherwise I will return them. No oblisation unless I am satisfied.

Name-

Occupatlon-

Eraployed by-

CAR

ATKINS

^ SAWS

ATK NS

"Alllltl tlWtTi IHIAB"

Ail over the country carpenters are finding that when
they switch to Aticins "Silver Steel" Saws in their portable
power machines their cutting jobs become easier.
That's because Atkins Saws cut faster, straighter, cleaner. They run
cooler even in gummy wood. Made with famous Atkins "Silver Steel/
they keep the razor-keeness that means smoother cutting, less effort
for the man behind the saw.

Whether it is rip, crosscut or mitre, there's an Atkins Blade to
zip through the toughest jobs easier. When you switch to Atkins you
put new life in your power saws.

NOTE: VikUe Aflcins does nof manufacture portable machioM,
many leading machine manufacturers look to Atkim for blades.

E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY, Indianapolis 9, Indiana

MAKERSOr BETTER SAWS FOR EVERY CUTTING JOB

Hand Saws • Crosscuts • Circular Saws • Hack Saws • Back Saws

Compass and Key Hole Saws • Coping Saws

CARPENTER

FOUNDED 1881

OflHeial Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

• • *

REMEMBER

NOVJMIBER!

JUNE, 1948

UPSON

SHAD-O-LINE

MOULDINGS

Panel Mouidii

Contractors Wanted Now
for thousands of

UPSON CEILING Ms

Duplex Panel
Moulding

Cornice

Inside
Corner

Outside
Corner

STANDARD
MOULDINGS

Look up! Good jobs are hanging right over your head.

Think of it! Two out of every three American homes
have cracked walls and ceilings, And almost half of these
damaged homes need repair now.* It's a golden market—
and you can get it with Upson Kuver-Krak Panels. They
are designed for these very jobs.

Upson Kuver-Krak Panels put you in the waU and
ceiling business. And you can work at it every month of the
year, too. Installing Upson Ceilings is simple, easy, profitable!
It is your market! Get started now. Ask your lumber dealer
for the new Upson Direction Sheets or write us direct.

•American Home Magazine Survey

/
Easily Identified By the Fomows filUf Center

m UPSON .;

■'->PANeisa

INSIDE CORNEF

PANEL MOULDIN

PANEL MOULOINl

OUTSIDE CORNER

THE UPSON COMPANY, Lockport,New York

Pacemaker in Crackproof Panels for 35 years. 6 ply Strong Bilt

— for new construction • 5 ply Kuver-Krak — for re-covering
cracked plaster • 5 ply Dubl-Thik Fibre Tile — for baths and kitchens • 4 ply Upson
Panels — for general use • 3 ply Easy Curve Board — for displays and industrial uses

^<^^

Nos. 206 & 208

Hexagon steeF,
nickel plated with
brass screw top.
Supplied in 2
weights — 6 oz. &
8 oz.

PLUMB BOBS

SARGENT & COMPANY

NEW HAVEN, CONN.

NEW YORK CHICAGO

Nos. W28 W29 W30

Made of durable
cast iron with a
heavy cadmium
plate for protec-
tion. Furnished in
3 weights — 6 oz.,
9oz. & 12 oz.

THE

iCii

A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.

FRANK DUFFY, Editor

Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Established in 1881
Vol. LXTII — No. 6

IXDIAXAPOLIS, JUXE, 1948

One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy

— Con tents —

Two Important Victories

Two separate court decisions involving tv/o widely separated Local Unions of the
United Brotherhood give organized labor new hope that the Taft-Hartley Act eventually
may be largely invalidated as contrary to constitutionally established rights and pre-
rogatives of collective bargaining. In a precedent-making decision, a Denver judge rules
that construction of a local nature does not come under the Taft-Hartley Act because it
is not interstate in character despite the fact materials from other states may be used
en the job. In a case involving Local Union No. 74 of Chattanooga, the Tennessee Su-
preme Court holds that the Local Union has a right to picket a firm in v/hich it has no
members despite the anti-boycott provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act. These decisions
mean that ultimately all or a large part of the construction industry may be moved out
from under the Taft-Hartley Act and that Its anti-boycott provisions may be invalidated.

Labor Starts Rolling

From results to date it is becoming increasingly clear that organized labor is going
to wield a substantial influence in this year's political scene. In primary elections held
up to April, labor emerged victorious in nineteen instances; in five instances the results
can be considered a tie because labor support was divided; and in eleven other in-
stances the labor-backed candidate went down to defeat. While this record is not too
bad, neither is it anything to gloat about, considering what the workers of the nation
have at stake.

OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Official

Editorials

In Memorlam

Craft Problems

13
16

Index to Advertisers

Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, INT)., as second class mail nmtter, under Act of

Congress, Au?. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.

so NEAR

"I never expected to be able to
have a tool that is so near perfect.
Some day I am going to write you
a good long letter about it."

Robert H. Bentley, (Floor Sander)
Elmira, N. Y.

"THE MACHINE
THAT NEEDS NO HELPER"

No special power hook-ups...

No Dust . . . No Muss

No heavy weight lifting.

It's Labor-Saving, Time-Sav-
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MORE PROFIT.

REPRESENTATIVES WANTED...

//V T//e New

He^s talking about—

$40 to $60 a day— Easy/

YES SIR! Floor Sanding is Fast, Easy, Big
Pay Now.

One Machine does the job
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No stooping, bending or crawling around on
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No Extra Edging Machine
to tire your back . . .

9 8 Pounds of Modern Power and Engineering
DOES THE JOB . . . .produces a quantity and
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Full Time or Part Time . . .

on OLD FLOORS or NEW FLOORS . . .
the PROFIT IS GOOD and JOBS ARE
PLENTIFUL.

SET FULL INFORMATION
and FREE TRIAL OFFER

FLORMASTER FLORMACHINES CO.
4179 W. Montrose Ave. Chicago 41, Illinois

FOR QUICK ACTION-MAIL COUPON

FLORMASTER FLORMACHINES CO.

4179 W. Montrose Ave., Chicago 41, Illinois

Please send complete information on the Flormaster and

Free Trial Offer.

Name •

Address

City Zone State.

CARPENTERS

BUILDERS and APPRENTICES

THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING

Learn at Home in Your Spare Time

The successful builder will tell you
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In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to
read blue prints — the universal language of the
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You learn building construction details :
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You learn how to lay out work and direct
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Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an
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CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE

TECH BLDG.,2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.

Chicago Technical College

G-120 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. IMichigan Ave.,

Chicago 16, HI.

Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints"
with information about how I can train at home.

Name Age

Address Occupation

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Against Taft-Hartleyism Labor Scores

TWO IMPORTANT VICTORIES

SEPARATE courts last month handed down two far-reaching deci-
sions— one of which may ultimately move the entire construction
industry out from under provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act, the
other of which may lead to nullification of certain most objectionable parts
of the Act as unconstitutional. The cases involved two widely-separated
Locals of the United Brotherhood — Local 55 of Denver and Local 74 of
Chattanooga. In the Tennessee case, the Tennessee Supreme Court upheld
a decision handed down by the Chancellor in Tennessee which had pre-
viously found that Chattanooga Local Union No. 74 had a right to picket
an establishment in which no "labor

dispute" in the statutory sense ex-
isted, • even though such picketing
resulted in damage to the business
of the employer. In the Colorado
case, the Colorado Supreme Court
decided that local construction pro-
jects are not, strictly speaking, in-
terstate commerce, despite the fact
materials from other states may be
used on the job, and not subject,
therefore, to provisions of the Taft-
Hartley Act.

The Tennessee decision was the
outgrowth of controversy between
the Ira A. Watson Company and
Local Union No. 74. The company
maintained a business in Chatta-
nooga which included among its
services the laying of linoleum
in homes and newly constructed
houses. Some eight men were em-
ployed in this fashion. Early in
1947 the Union made an effort to
organize these employes. However,
the move met with very little suc-
cess. The men did not avail them-
selves of the opportunity to join
the Union. Thereafter the Union
established a picket line before the
entrance of the company. The com-
pany liled suit and the whole con-

troversy revolved around the ques-
tion: "Can a union peacefully pick-
et a place of business where it has
no members simply for the purpose
of inducing potential customers to
not patronize such establishment?"

The Chancellor held that such
picketing was not for illegal pur-
poses but for purposes beneficial to
the union, and such picketing is
protected by the Federal Constitu-
tion despite the anti-boycott provi-
sions of the Taft-Hartley Act.

In making his ruling the Chan-
cellor referred to numerous deci-
sions both federal and state which
clearly set forth that peaceful pick-
eting is the working man's means of
communication. As such, the court
reasoned, peaceful picketing re-
mains the prerogative of working
people who are pursuing legitimate
objectives in spite of any language
contained in the Taft-Hartley Act.
That the picketing Union may not
have any members in the plant or
firm being picketed does not mate-
rially change the picture; this ques-
tion having been settled by the U.S.
Supreme Court several years ago.
In that famous case the court said:

THE CARPENTER

"... one need not be in a 'labor dis-
pute' as defined by state law to
have a right under the Fourteenth
Amendment to express a grievance
in a labor matter by publication un-
attended by violence, coercion or
conduct otherwise unlawful or op-
pressive." On these grounds the
Chancellor in Tennessee held that
Local Union No. 74 was within its
rights in picketing the Watson
establishment.

The matter was appealed to the
Supreme Court of Tennessee. That
august body reviewed the case care-
fully and last month handed down a
decision upholding the Chancellor.
The decision is especially impor-
tant to labor because it is directly
contrary to the recent decisions of
some trial examiners under the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board that
picketing of this character and with
this objective is illegal under the
Taft-Hartley Act.

In the Denver case, the status of
the construction industry under the
Taft-Hartley Act was involved. The
decision, a highly important one,
may ultimately have a great bearing
on whether or not construction of a
local nature can be considered as
"affecting interestate commerce" —
the yardstick by which the juris-
diction of the Taft-Hartley Act is
measured.

Involved in this precedent-set-
ting case were the Denver Building
and Construction Trades Council
and an electrical contracting firm
known as Gould and Preisner. For
some time the firm and the Build-
ing Trades Council were unable to
resolve their differences. Finally
the firm was placed on the "Unfair
List" by the Council. Shortly there-
after, union craftsmen employed on
a Denver construction project on
which Gould and Preisner were the

electrical sub-contractors refused to
work with non-unionists employed
by that firm. The union men walked
off the job and began picketing
the site.

Gould and Preisner then filed an
"unfair" labor charge against the
Building Trades Council and its'
affiliates with the regional office
of the National Labor Relations
Board — a procedure that was legal-
ized by passage of the Taft-Hartley
Act. On instructions from Robert
N. Denham, General Counsel for
the National Labor Relations
Board, a complaint was issued, and
in addition, Denham's representa-
tives applied to the Federal court
for an injunction against the unions
and their picket line on the grounds
that they were violating the "anti-
boycott" sections of the Taft-Hart-
ley Act.

In the Federal court, the matter
came before Judge Symes. Primar-
ily involved was the question as to
whether or not a local construction
project could be construed as "af-
fecting interstate commerce," since
only those businesses "affecting in-
terstate commerce" fall within the
jurisdiction of the Taft-Hartley
Act. In his precedent-making rul-
ing, Judge Symes denied the peti-
tion for an injunction against the
unions on the grounds the Taft-
Hartley Act's injunction provisions
could not be applied because the
firm was not actually engaged in in-
terstate commerce, despite the fact
it was handling materials manufac-
tured in states other than Colorado.
He further ruled that the posting
of an "Unfair List" is lawful and
protected by the "free speech" sec-
tions of the Taft-Hartley Act.

Should Judge Symes' findings be
sustained by the higher courts — and
there is every reason to hope that

T H E C A R P E N T E R 9

they will be — a substantial part, if pretations of administrative officers

not all, of the construction industry, of g^overnment Labor agencies,

may be eventually removed from One by one, fundamental and

the jurisdiction of the Taft-Hartley well-established rights of Labor

Act. have been sold down the river by a

The importance of both the Chat- reactionary Congress. But Labor is

tanooga and Denver cases cannot not giving them up without a fight.

be overestimated. They both reaf- The Chattanooga and Denver cases

firm and strengthen the protections represent two important victories

afforded American citizens by the and they foreshadow the kind of

United States Constitution. Fur- fight Labor intends to wage to pro-

thermore, they place direct and bad- tect the working people of America

ly-needed limitation on the extrava- from discriminatory, arbitrary and

gant and often arbitrary legal inter- .Constitution-evading legislation.

Our Constitution Is On File

Owing to the confused and often ambiguous language of the Taft-
Hartley Act, a number of Local Unions and District Councils have sub-
mitted copies of the Constitution and By-Laws of the United Brother-
hood to the Department of Labor. This is unnecessary. All that is required
is that the General Office file a copy with the Department. This has been
done. Consequently Local Unions and District Councils need not con-
cern themselves with this particular matter. The following letter from
the Director of the Division of Labor Standards to General Secretary
Duffy in this regard is self-explanatory:

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Division of Labor Standards

May 19, 19 48

Mr. Frank Duffy, General Secretary,

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners,

Indianapolis, Indiana

Dear Mr. Duffy:

We are returning under separate cover a number of copies of the Con-
stitution of your Union, which were submitted to us by your Locals.

In the future, it will not be necessary for each of your Local Unions to
submit a copy of the International Constitution providing the International
has one on file. However, any amendments to your Constitution should of
course be filed with us.

Very truly yours.

WILLIAM L. CONNOLLY, Director.

In the political field

LABOR STARTS ROLLING

* *

ON THE EVE of the nominating- conventions of the two dominant
political parties it is becoming increasingly apparent that labor
will be a potent force in the national political scene. North, South,
East and West, the working people of the nation are awakening to the
imperative need for informed, intelligent action on election day. And it
is organizations such as the United Brotherhood of Carpenters Non-par-
tisan Committee for the Repeal and Defeat of Anti-labor Legislation that
are arousing the wage earners of America to the realization that their wel-
fare, and happiness stand in serious jeopardy because of the insidious
rise of the Hamiltonian concept of

democracy which places property
rights above human rights.

Writing in the May issue of the
Federationist, Joseph D. Keenan,
Director of Labor's League for Po-
litical Education, summarized the
dangers which are inherent in the
present trend toward reaction and
Hamiltonianism. In part he said:

"If we have a Congress that is
slavishly responsive to the wishes
of the avaricious few, we can't ex-
pect favorable action on legislation
to provide housing for the 30,000,-
000 American desperately in need
of decent housing.

"If we have a Congress whose
thinking is perfectly attuned to the
thinking of the National Associa-
tion of Manufacturers, we can't ex-
pect favorable action on legislation
to curb the inflation which has been
grinding down millions upon mil-
lions of our low-income people and
which gives numerous signs of
growing even worse.

"The same thing applies all down
the line. A Congress whose major-
ity leaps obediently when the N.A.-

be expected to be seriously con-
cerned about the economic problems
of the average man and woman
whose sole income is the weekly
pay envelope. The wishes of the
greedy and the wishes of the many
are absolutely incompatible.

"This is the explanation of why,
in addition to no action on inflation,
no action on housing and no action
on raising the minimum wage, the
Eightieth Congress has failed to
pass many other worthwhile bills
favored by labor — not only for the
benefit of labor, be it emphasized,
but for the benefit of our nation as
a whole.

"For let it never be forgotten
that what injures labor injures all,
while what benefits labor benefits
all. What promotes the well-being
of the laboring man and his family
is good also for the merchant, for
the farmer, for the professional man
and for all other segments of our
interdependent economy."

In larger cities and smaller ham-
lets, w^orking people are awakening
to the fact that the complexion of

M. and the Chamber of Commerce the present Congress bodes no good
merely whisper their desires can't either for those whose skills and

THE CARPKNTER

sweat produce the commodities that
make up commerce or for the na-
tion as a whole. They are awaken-
ing also to the inescapable fact that
we, the people, determine who and
how we shall be represented in
Congress and the State Legisla-
tures.

Although labor's program to edu-
cate its own people is still far from
completed, by last month the labor
vote was no small factor in the
primary elections held up to that
time. Of some thirty-five political
contests in which labor was inter-
ested, the labor candidate came out
on top in nineteen instances. In five
contests the results can be consid-
ered as ties since labor was split as
to whom it was supporting. In elev-
en other contests, the man carrying
the endorsement of organized work-
ers went down to defeat. Conse-
quently the score to date is as fol-
lows: nineteen wins and five ties
for labor as opposed to eleven loses.

Considering the urgency of the
present situation in which the dic-
tates of the vested interests super-
cede the rights of the common peo-
ple, the above record is not too sat-
isfactory. Yet it does show that
organized labor is slowly but surely
becoming cognizant of the need for
effective political action. More en-
couraging still, the sizeable vote
cast in the primary elections indi-
cates that . more people are regis-
tered and taking an active interest
in the outstanding privilege of de-
mocracy.

However, the task of educating
union members to the point where
they can realize the importance of
registering and voting has hardly
begun. In a free and independent
nation such as ours, progress de-
pends on an enlightened and in-
formed citizenry. If the people are
not fully and accurately informed

as to the issues involved and the
political records and backgrounds
of the men running for office, how
can they vote intelligently? Until
every individual in the nation is
kept up to date on the issues con-
fronting the nation, on the legis-
lation that needs passing or repeal-
ing, on the merits or demerits of
specific alternatives in specific situ-
ations, the educational task of or-
ganized labor will never be com-
pleted.

The United Brotherhood of Car-
penters Non-partisan Committee for
the Repeal and Defeat of Anti-
labor Legislation is set up for and
dedicated to the task of disseminat-
ing useful political information and
carrying on the necessary educa-
tional activities that will insure
each member of the Brotherhood
being in a position to make intelli-
gent decisions on election day. The
response from Local Unions and
District and State Councils has been
encouraging. To date, some 420
Local Unions and District Councils
have cooperated in the program by
setting up non-partisan committees
within their own jurisdictions and
setting up machinery for solicit-
ing voluntary contributions. Some
thirty District Councils are actively
mobilizing the political strength of
their afiiliated Local Unions.

In view of the seriousness of the
present trend toward reaction, how-
ever, it is regrettable that every
subordinate bod}^ within our Union
is not 100% politically aroused. The
Taft-Hartley Act has nullified many
of labor's hard-won rights. Many
more stand in jeopardy at the pres-
ent time because a reactionary Con-
gress seems ready to do the bid-
ding of the vested interests. The
few tried and true friends of or-
ganized labor in both the House and
the Senate are sadly outnumbered.

12 THE CARPENTER

Unless the complexion of Con2:ress pletely there is nothin.g- to fear. But

can be chang-ed at the next election, it will take only a little neg-lig-ence

most of the progressive labor legis- or "let George do it" attitude to

lation passed in the last half a cen- plunge us all into a bottomless

turv may be wiped out. abyss of reaction. This is one case

where the individual will have to

Political education can do the ^^^^ ^^^ initiative. Each one of us

job: but It can do the job only if ^g ^ ^-^j^g^ ^^^ ^ worker will have

people at the local level cooperate ^q accept the challenge and the re-

and respond. The welfare of every sponsibility. Only in that way can

individual worker is hanging in the the march of reaction be halted and

balance. If each of us can under- the march of progress toward better

stand that fact thoroughlv and com- and richer lives for all be resumed.

Brotherhood Shows Strength in Union Shop Vote

In the first union shop elections in the building and construction indus-
try held ^lay lo. members of five AFL unions overwhelmingh' author-
ized the signing- of Taft-Hartley Act union shop clauses with Western
Pennsylvania construction companies.

The union shop was approved b^- Si per cent of the eligible voters,
and by 88 per cent of those voting. Of the 2,709 eligibles. 2,214 voted for
the union shop, and 269 voted "no."

The results broken down by unions are as follows : Hod Carriers and
Common Laborers; Eligible — 1.455. y^s — ^1.136, no — 203. Teamsters: Eli-
g-ible — 227, yes — -179, no — 20. Carpenters: Eligible — 381, yes — 352, no — 10.
Operating Engineers: Eligible — 588, yes. — 489, no — 36. Pile drivers: Eli-
gible— 58, yes — 58, no — o.

The voting was conducted by 25 teams of NLRB employes. An obser-
ver for the Contractors Association of A\'estern Pennsylvania, the repre-
sentative of the participating contractors, reported that the elections went

oft with ''remarkable smoothness."

The parties reportedly had agreed to sign a union shop contract if the
election vote favored such an agreement.

The May 10 elections in Western Pennsylvania involved heavy con-
struction and highway building projects. A second "pilot" union shop vote
will be conducted shortly in the urban building trades industry, probably
in Detroit.

Significant in this first vote was the lo^^alty and union-mindedness of
the Brotherhood men involved. Of the Carpenters voting, ninety-seven
per cent voted in favor of the union shop. The pile drivers voted 100%
and the vote was 100% for the union shop. By contrast, only eighty-three
per cent of the Laborers, eig^hty-nine per cent of the Teamsters, and ninety-
three per cent of the Operating- Engineers casting ballots voted for the
union shop. Thus once more United Brotherhood members point the way
to honest, loval unionism.

Official Information

General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS

of AMERICA

General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Generai, President

WM. L. HUTCHBSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First General Vice-President

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Secretary

FRANK DUFFY

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Second General Vice-President

JOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Treasurer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Executive Board

First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Second District. O. WM. BLAIER
933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.

Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.

Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman
PRANK DUFFY, Secretary

All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary

REGULAR MEETING OF THE GENERAL EXECUTIVE

BOARD

Schroeder Hotel
Milwaukee, Wis.,
May 9, 1948.

Since the previous meeting of tlie General Executive Board the following trade
movements were acted upon:

January 26, 1948.

Centralia, 111., L. U. 367. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 1/^
to $1.87% per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Bar Harbor, Me., L. U. 459. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective March 20, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Herrin, 111., L. U. 581. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective March 26, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Pana, 111., L. U. 648. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to $1.50
per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Chickasha, Okla., L. U. 653. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective March 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Clinton, Iowa, L. U. 772. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62^2 to
$2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Hot Springs, Ark., L. U. 891. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $2.00 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

14 THE CARPENTER

Louisiana, Mo., L. U. 1008. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.90 to
$2.25 per hour, effective April 7, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Columbus, Ind., L. U. 1155.^ — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Big Spring, Texas, L. U. 1634. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective February 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Macomb, 111., L. U. 1883. — Movement for an Increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Columbia, 111., L. U. 1997. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective March 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

White River Jet., Vt., L. U. 2256. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1,371/2 to $1.50 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Erwin, Tenn., L. U. 2324. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.40 to
$1.65 per hour, efiEective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

February 2, 1948

Lancaster, Pa., L. U. 59.- — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Coshocton, Ohio, L. U. 525. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Cody, Wyo., L. U. 585. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.00
per hour, effective February 15, 1948. Official sanction granted, without financial
aid.

Dubuque, Iowa, L. U. 678. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to
$2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without financial
aid.

Percy, 111., L. U. 733. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75
per hour, effective March 20, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Carbondale, 111., L. U. 841. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.6214
to $2.00 per hour, effective April 1. 1948. Official sanction granted.

Seminole, Okla., L. U. 855. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Morgantown, W. Va., L. U. 1339. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Charlotte, N. C, L. U. 1469. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 (Carpenters) $1.75 to $2.00 (Millwrights) per hour, effective March 20,
1948. Official sanction granted.

Providence, Pawtucket and Central Falls D. C, R. I. — Movement for an increase
in wages from $1.65 to $2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction
granted.

February 11, 1948.

Wheeling, W. Va., L. U. 3. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to
$2,271/2 (Mill) $1,871/2 to $2.50 (Construction) per hour, effective April 1, 1948.
Official sanction granted.

Niles, Mich., L. U. 1033. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.80 to
$2.00 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Salina, Kansas, L. U. 1095. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to
$1.75 per hour, effective April 2, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Hutchinson, Kansas, L. U. 1587. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Bicknell, Ind., L. U. 1712. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1,621/^ per hour, effective March 12, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Winnfleld, La., L. U. 1813. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37%
to $1.75 per hour, effective April 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

THECAKPENTER 15

MoundsAnlle, W. Va., L. U. 1830. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Hinton, W. Va., L. U. 1874. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1,621/^ per hour, effective February 2, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Monticello, 111., L. U. 1999.— Movement for an increase in wages from $1.00
(machine operator), $.89 (common laborer) and $.79 (female) to $1.25 (machine
operator), $1.14 (common laborer) and $1.04 (female) per hour, effective May
1, 194S. Official sanction granted.

Logansport, Ind., L. U. 2060. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.60
to $1.80 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Essex County D. C, N. J. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.25 (inside) and $2,50 to $3.00 (outside) per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Offi-
cial sanction granted.

February 16, 19 48.

Lebanon, Pa., L. U. 677. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.57 1/^
to $1,871/^ per hour, effective February 14, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Metropolis, 111., L. U. 803. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to
$1.50 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Sioux City, Iowa, L. U. 948. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.70
to $2.10 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Parkersburg, W. Va., L. U. 1755. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.90 to $2.25 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Plymouth, Ind., L. U. 1816. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Elko, Nev., L. U. 1819. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
^2.00 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

February 20, 1948.

Erie, Pa., L. U. 81. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to $2.25
per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Marietta, Ohio, L. U. 3 5 6. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective April 20, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Boonville, Ind., L. U. 694. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to
$1.6214 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Corsicana, Texas, L. U. 731. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.3 7%
to $1.50 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Worland, Wyo., L. U. 883. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.87 ^2 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Warren, Pa., L. U. 1014. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.85 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Girard, 111., L. U. 1234. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.00 to
$1.25 per hour, effective February 20, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Nashville, 111., L. U. 1221. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to
$1.50 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Franklin, Mass., L. U. 1230. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Fort William, Ont., Can., L. U. 1669. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.20 to $1.60 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

(continued on page 19)

Editorial

A Blow At Organized Labor

Is the Department of Labor headed for the scrap heap?
Probably no one in Washington could be induced to admit such a
thing, yet if the dismembering process started by the' Both Congress con-
tinues, it is inevitable that the Department will eventually fade out of
the picture. In less than two years the Department has been reduced to a
hollow shell. Its appropriations have been slashed unmercifully; one by
one its functions have been transferred to other agencies ; what functions
still remain are in the Department only because the Congressmen who
want them allocated to other branches of the government have not yet
mustered enough voting strength to get their way. Considering the butch-
ering job that has already been done on the Department and the dismem-
bering process that is currently going on, it is not beyond the the realm
of possibility that the Department itself may be eliminated as unnecessary
before long.

' Last year Congress slashed appropriations for the Department from
the thirty-five millions of the previous year to a mere eighteen million
dollars. The Secretary of Labor had asked for a fifty million dollar appro-
priation. The response to his request was spectacular. Instead of an in-
crease from thirty-five millions to fifty millions as he suggested, the appro-
priation was reduced to eighteen millions. Under the Taft-Hartley Act
the Conciliation Service was divorced from the Department. One by one
other functions of the Department have been curtailed or transferred.
Now the Keefe Bill proposes to remove the U.S. Employment Service
from the Department of Labor and place it under the Federal Security
Agency. If this becomes an accomplished fact, the Department will be all
but finished.

When one considers the years of struggle it took on the part of organ-
ized labor to get the Department of Labor established, the present butcher-
ing of the Department becomes a frightening thing. Down the years the
Department has performed a vast service to xA.merican workers. Adminis-
tration of the Department has ranged from very good to very bad, but
in the overall picture the Department has been a great boon to all who
toil for a living. This probably explains the current attacks on the Depart-
ment. The vested interests which seem bent on destroying organized labor
completely recognize that annihilation of the Department would contribute
considerably to the elimination of organized labor as an effective force.

Last year the Bureau of Labor Statistics worked out a family budget
which showed that a worker with a wife and two children needed an in-
come of at least $3,200 to maintain his family on a modest but decent living
standard. Since that time the Bureau (an arm of the Department of Labor)
has had to fight for its very life. In vain it has sought sufficient money

THE CARPENTER 17

to broaden its budget studies. Apparently some influential people do not
Avant that kind of information presented to the people.

Of course the people who are fostering all these moves against the
Department have hne-sounding arguments for their actions. It is always
■"economy" or "increased efficiency" they are after. To anyone not ac-
quainted with all the facts, their reasons sound plausible. But to those who
know labor and what labor had to go through to get the Department
established and what assistance the Department has been ever since, the
move is an indirect blow at the heart of unionism. We must recognize it
as such and act accordingly.

A Threat To Our Future

As the first half of the year rounds out, it becomes increasingly evident
that no decline in the cost of living can be expected in 1948. Toward the
end of last 3-ear the upward spiral in prices halted momentarily, but the
halt was a short lived one. IVIonth by month prices have climbed slowly
but inexorably upward since Januar}' ist. With the nation now on the
verge of another gigantic rearmament program, there is every possibility
that prices will again skyrocket precipitously. The defense plants will
again be usurping scarce commodities and scarce manpower; which means
that civilian production will suffer correspondingly. The inevitable result
will be further upward pressure on merchandise prices of all kinds.

If it is necessary for the nation to rearm, then nothing must stand in the
way of the job being completed as SAviftly and as efficiently as possible.
That some peoplemay be hurt in the process is immaterial. Liberty is
worth any price. Neither higher prices nor a greater scarcity- of goods is
too high a fee to pay for its preservation, so long as the fee is legitimate.
But the people want to know that an}' penalties which accrue to them as
a result of the rearmament program are legitimate penalties and not the
illegitimate progeny of avarice and greed. Profiteering and plundering
been all too prevalent during the recent war and the period of reconver-
sion that followed it.

Than the leech who saps the strength of the nation through profiteer-
ing at the Aery time the nation is fighting for its existence, there is no
more despicable character. In a recent speech, the Honorable Humphrey
Mitchell, Canadian ^linister of Labor, branded such individuals the great-
est threat to the preservation of free enterprise. Regarding them he said:

"Obviousl}^ there are in this country a number of individuals who will
take advantage of any situation to profit unduly at the expense of fellow
citizens. All they are interested in is making money. The Government
intends to deal with them as they should be dealt with.

"I submit to you that such persons are doing our country a great deal
of harm. To us who believe in the system of free enterprise which has
made this country great, the unfortunate fact is that there is evidence of
irresponsibility on the part of those who should know better .... It looks
to me as if we should embark on an educational campaign on the benefits

18 THECARPEXTER

of free enterprise. We will not make a success of such a campaign unless
we deal severely with the greedy ones no matter who they are. It is this

class which, more than anythin.g else, threatens the future of this system
in Canada and in other parts of the world."

The urgencies of war and of rearmament create situations which are
made to order for consciousless indiA'iduals. AA'ith all emphasis on speed
rather than economy, those who do not know the meaning of either pat-
riotism or honesty find it easy to line their own pockets at the expense of
the people and the common good. The}- must be stopped where possible,
and caught and punished severely Avhere they have not been stopped.

If the price of national security must be higher prices, let them come.
But ever}- penn}- exacted from the people through profiteering not only
lowers the living standards of the people by that much, but, even worse,
it weakens the very system we are trying to save. AVe must not let profit-
eering become the rotten apple that infects the whole barrel.

The Need Is For Political Action

Organized labor was dealt another "belov\--the-belf'' blow last month
Avhen the National Labor Relations Board in a three-to-two decision voted
that it is not empowered to hold union shop elections in those states which
have laws of their own go^-erning such matters. The ruling says that the
Taft-Hartley Act "in effect removes all federal restrictions upon existing
AXD FUTURE state legislation prohibiting compulsory unionism even
Avhere such legislation may affect employes engaged in interstate com-
merce.''

Bluntly put, this means that in those states where state statutes are
even stiffer than Taft-Hartley requirements, the former will prevail in
union shop elections. For example, in Colorado, the state law requires
that a union must carry a union shop election by a three-fourths majority.
The Taft-Hartley Act arbitrarily demands a majority of those eligible to
vote. Under the Board's new ruling, therefore, any union seeking a union
shop clause in Colorado must capture three-fourths of the votes instead
of the grossly unfair majority of eligible votes as prescribed by the Taft-
Hartley Act under whose rules the National Labor Relations Board con-
ducts elections.

However, there are a number of state statutes v\-hich forbid all forms
of union security clauses. In these states the Board will not even hold
union shop elections. In other words, so long as present statutes remain
on the books in these states, union shop clauses are out entirely. States
with this type of law are: Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Nebraska,
North Carolina, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and A'irginia.
The ruling will also apply to states that pass similar laws in the future.

All this vividl}- points up the need for effective political action
on the part of labor at the next elections. And the political action must
cover state elections as well as federal elections.

THE CARPENTER 19

(continued from page IS)

Monahans, Texas, L. U. 1923. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 I/2
to $1.87% per hour, effective April 3, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Columbia, Mo., L. U. 1925. — Movement for an increase in w^ages from $1.50 to
$1.87 V^ per hour, effective May 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

St. Genevieve, Mo., L. U. 2030. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.25 to $1.50 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Mt. Vernon, 111., L. U. 3140. — Movement for an increase in wages from $.78 to
$1.03 per hour, effective April 4, 1948. Official sanction granted, without financial
aid.

February 24, 1948.
Lower Anthracite D. C, Girardville, Pa. — Movement for an increase in wages
from $1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

February 26, 1948.
Canton, 111., L. U. 293. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1,621,2 to
$1.87% per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

East Palestine, Ohio, L. U. 294. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1,371/2 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Okmulgee, Okla., L. U. 1399. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Stillwater, Okla., L. U. 1686. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective March 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Jacksonville, Texas, L. U. 1768. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.25 to $1.50 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

March 17, 1948.

Newark, Ohio, L. U. 136. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62%
to $1.87% per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Stamford, Conn., L. U. 210. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87%
to $2,12 1/2 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Fort Madison, Iowa, L. U. 373. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective April 5, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Brazil, Ind., L. U. 431. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75
per hour, effective May 1, 19 48. Official sanction granted.

Ashland, Ky., L. U. 472. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Sparta, 111., L. U. 479. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.60 to $1.85
per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Gardner, Mass., L. U. 570. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Manchester, N. H., L. U. 625. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.87% per hour, effective May 3, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Pekin, 111., L. U. 644. — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to $2.25
per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Jackson, Mich., L. U. 651. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.80 to
$2.25 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Key West, Fla., L. U. 6 5 5. — Movement for an Increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.87% per hour, effective April 19, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Little Rock, Ark., L. U. 690. ^Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Muscatine, Iowa, L. U. 717. — Movement for an increase in wages from 81c to
$1.10 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted without financial
aid.

20 THE CARPENTER

Red Lodge, Mont., L. U. 744. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.35
to $1.50 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Waycross, Ga., L. U. 779. — Movement for an increase in wag&s from $1.25 to
$1.50 per hour, effective March 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ironton, Ohio, L. U. 1111. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$2.00 per hour, effective May 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Marshalltown, Iowa, L. U. 1112. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Borger, Texas, L. U. 1201. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$1.87% per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Huntington, N. Y., L. U. 1292. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$2.10 to $2.50 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Kent, Ohio, L. U. 1499. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.12% per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Miles City, Mont., L. U. 1524. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Moscow, Idaho, L. U. 1605. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.85
to $2.06% per hour .effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Minerva, Ohio, L. U. 1611. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37%
to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Clarksville, Tenn., L. U. 1818. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.40
to $1.65 per hour, effective May 17, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ravenna, Ohio, L. U. 1829. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.12% per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ames, Iowa, L. U. 1948. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.60 to
$l'75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Iron Mountain, Mich., L. U. 2065. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Okawville, 111., L. U. 2106. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to
$1.35 (residential) $1.50 (commercial) per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official
sanction granted.

Libby, Mont., L. U. 2225. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.60 to
$1.80 per hour, effective March 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Seward, Alaska, L. U. 2304. — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.25
to $2.60 per hour, effective April 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

March 23, 1948.

Roanoke, Va., L. U. 319. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 (Millwrights) $1.50 to $1.75 (carpenters) per hour, effective July 1, 1948.
Official sanction granted.

Anderson, Ind., L. U. 352. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$1.9 7% per hour, effective April 5, 19 48. Official sanction granted.

Hopkinsville, Ky., L. U. 442. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.40
to $1.65 per hour, effective March 28, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ottawa, 111., L. U. 661. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to
$1.50 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Baltimore, Md., L. U. 974. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.30 to
$1.50 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Smithtown Br., N. Y., L. U. 1167. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.80 (Millmen) and $2.10 to $2.50 per hour, effective May 3, 1948.
Official sanction granted.

Peru, 111., L. U. 1197. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.17 to $1.50
per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.

THE CARPENTER 21

Laramie, Wyo., L. U. 1432. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.70 to
$2.00 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Mankato, Minn., L. U. 1464. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.55
to $1.85 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Caspar, Wyo., L. U. 15 64. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective May 24, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Baltimore, Md., L. U. 1754. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to
$1.90 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Lewistown, Mont., L. U. 1949. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ada, Okla., L. U. 2013. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective May 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

De Ridder, La., L. U. 2284. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, eft'ective May 24, 1948. Official sanction granted.

March 31, 1948.

Jamestown, N. Y., L. U. 66. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 i^^
to $2.00 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Wichita, Kan., L. U. 201. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$1.87^,2 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Kingston, Ont., Can., L. U. 249. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.18 to $1.40 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

St. Louis. Mo., L. U. 795. — Movement for an increase in wages from 80c-$1.25
to 98c-$1.43 per hour (Boxmakers) effective May 3, 1948. Official sanction granted,
wtihout financial aid.

Marion, Ohio, L. U. 976. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective July 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Flora, III., L. U. 1404. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.30 to
$1.65 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ashtahula, Ohio, L. U. 1629. — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to
$2,12 1,2 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Front Royal, Va., L. U. 2033. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.65 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Tupelo, Miss., L. U. 218 3. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to
$1.50 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

April 7, 1948.

Great Falls, Mont.. L. U. 286. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87^4
to $2.25 per hour, effective April 7, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Windsor, Ont., Can.,L. U. 494.- — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.35
to $1.65 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Centerville, Iowa, L. U. 59 7. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective April 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Lorain, Ohio, L. U. 705.- — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to
$2.25 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Junction City, Kans., L. U. 750. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Brainerd, Minn., L. IT. 951. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.55 to
$1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

22 THE CARPENTER

Thermopolis, Wyo., L. U. 1241. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Gulfport, Miss., L. U. 1518. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective March 31, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Norwalk, Ohio, L. U. 2273. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective April 20, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Buffalo, New York, D. C. — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to
$2.25 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

April 19, 1948
Newport, R. I., L. U. 176. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to
$1.90 per hour, effective June 7, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Pittsfield, Mass., L. U. 444. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.70
to $2.00 per hour, effective April 22, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Oil City, Pa., L. U. 830. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 i/^ to
$2.00 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted without finan-
cial aid.

Longview, Texas, L. U. 1097. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective June 19, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Wilkes-barre, Pa., L. U. 1225. — Movement for an increase in wages from 80i/^c
to $1.30 to $1.05% -$1.55 per hour, effective May 1, 19 48. Official sanction granted.

Washington, Iowa, L. U. 1398. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective April 15, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Shelby, Mont., L. U. 1568. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to
$2.00 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ottumwa, Iowa, L. U. 2300. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.09
to $1.40 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

April 28, 1948.
Grand Rapids, Mich., L. U. 335. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.80 to $2.25 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Denison, Texas, L. U. 371. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective June 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

New Canaan, Conn., L. U. 409. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1,871/2 to $2.25 per hour, effective June 17, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Olean, N. Y., L-. U. 546. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 1/^
to $1.75 per hour, effective April 28, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Muskegon, Mich., L. U. 824. — Movement for an increase in wages of 20c over
the present rate, effective May 1, 19 48. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Gloversville, N. Y., L. U. 1107. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.60 to $1.80 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Malvern, Ark., L. U. 1764. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.3 7% per hour, effective June 21, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Hartford City, Ind., L. U. 1738. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.65 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Scottsbluff, Neb., L. U. 2141.- — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Austin, Minn., L. U. 2061. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Robinson, 111., L. U. 2253.- — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

T II K C AR P EN TER 23

South Shore D. C, W. Sayville, N. Y. — Movement for an increase in wages
from $2.10 to $2.50 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

May 7, 1948.
Decatur, 111., L. U. 742. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87^/^ to
$2,121/2 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Shroeder Hotel, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

May 9. 1948

The General Executive Board met in regular session at the Schroeder Hotel,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin on May 9, 1948.

Minutes of Special Meeting of the General Executive Board held in the
Washington Hotel, Washington, D. C., March 8, 19 48 show that very careful
and serious consideration was given to a plan drafted by representatives of
the Building and Construction Trades Department of the American Federation of
Labor and the representatives of the National Associations of Employers in the
Building and Construction Industry to set up a National Joint Board for the
settlement of Jurisdictional Disputes in the Building and Construction Industry.

This Board to be composed of an impartial Chairman — two members of the
Building and Construction Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor
and two members of the Employers Associations.

The Joint Board shall consider and decide all jurisdictional disputes in the
Building and Construction Industry which are properly referred to it.

However, it must first be determined whether or not an agreement has already
been reached on the dispute in question and if so that agreement takes precedent.

If no agreement has been reached, then the dispute goes to the Joint Board
for hearing and decision. In the meantime there shall be no stoppage of work
arising out of a jurisdictional dispute.

On March 11, 19 48 the Building and Construction Trades Department of the
American Federation of Labor adopted the proposed plan for the settlement of
jurisdictional disputes in the Building and Construction Industry.

The Laborers International Union asked for a clearer understanding relative to
the handling of materials on construction work as per the action of the General
Executive Board under date of January 7, 1947. The Chair appointed a sub-
committee of the Board consisting of First General Vice-President M. A. Hutcheson,
Board Member Chas. Johnson, Jr. of the First District and Board Member Harry
Schwarzer of the Third District to meet with the representatives of the Laborers'
International Union to consider the matter.

The adjustment of the payment of per capita tax to the American Federation
of Labor was referred to the General President.

The question of increasing the advertising rates in our official monthly journal
THE CARPENTER was referred to the General President.

Our Chief Counsel and his assistant reported fully on the cases still pending
in Court especially the San Francisco case and whether an appeal should be taken
on this case after which tlie matter was left in the hands of the General President
with full power to act.

The Board approved the action taken at the Special Meeting.

The General President reported that Board member Wm. J. Kelly of the
Second District resigned to take effect March 16, 1948, and in accordance with
the provisions of the General Constitution he appointed O. Wm. Blaier a member
of Local Union 359, Philadelphia, Pa., to fill the vacancy on the General Execu-
tive Board; effective April 1, 1948. The appointment was unanimously approved.

24 THECARPEXTER

Rene^wal of Bond of General Treasurer S. P. Meadows in the sum of $50,000.00
for one year expiring February 1, 19 49 through the United States Fidelity and
Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Maryland, was referred to our Legal Department.

Renewal of Bond on Assistant Superintendent of Carpenters' Home. Lakeland,
Florida, in the sum of $20,000.00 through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty
Company of Baltimore, Maryland, for one year ending March 10, 1949 was re-
ferred to our Legal Department.

New policy on IMotion Picture Projector, Screen, Loud Speaker, film and equip-
ment in the sum of $94.5.00 for three years ending February 11, 1951 through
the Buckeye Union Fire Insurance Company of Columbus, Ohio, was referred to
our Legal Department.

Renewal of Workmans Compensation Insurance for the State of Texas for one
year ending March 13, 19 49 through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty
Company of Baltimore, Maryland, was referred to our Legal Department.

Renewal of Bond of Chief Clerk C. A. Meloy in the sum of $10,000.00 through
the Capitol Indemnity Insurance Co., of Indianapolis, Indiana, for one year end-
ing April 1, 1949 was referred to our Legal Department.

The General Secretary submitted his report for the year ending December 31,
194.7 and it was filed for future reference.

A communication from Robert N. Dedaker and Co., Certified Public Account-
ants, Indianapolis, Indiana, dated February 12, 1948, announcing the demise of
Robert N. Dedaker, the head of the firm was considered after which the General
Executive Board decided to continue the contract with this firm for quarterly audit
of our books and accounts.

Local Union 13 6 3, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. — Full accounting of appropriation made
to this Local Union for strike purposes was received and filed.

May 10, 19 48

In conformity with the action of the G. E. B. on January 15, 1948 regarding the
question of jurisdiction between the Local Union 101, Baltimore, Maryland, and
Local Union 112 6, Annapolis, Maryland, the sub-committee appointed to investigate
this matter recommended "That the jurisdictional lines between Local Union 101
and the Washington District Council as representative to Local Union 112 6 remain
as it is, the same as it has been for the past several years."

"The Committee further recommended that arrangements be made so that
the members of Local Union 101, Baltimore, Maryland may obtain temporary
working cards from the Washington District Council without the necessity of
driving all the distance to Washington, D. C, covering the area formerly policed
by Local Union 112 6."

The recommendations of the sub-committee were approA'ed and the matter
was referred to Board rvlember 0. Wm. Blaier, Second District, with instructions
to bring about a mutual understanding.

Correspondence was read by the General President from Matthew Woll con-
cerning activities of the Free Trade Union Committee wherein he asked for
further financial assistance. After discussion it was decided to refer the matter to
the General President for such action as he deemed proper.

Dodge City, Kans., L. U. 1542. — Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 50
to $1.75 per hour, effective May 17, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Indianapolis D. C, Indianapolis, Ind. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.97% to §2.35 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Kalamazoo, Mich., L. U. 2 9 7. — Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 8 0
to $2.20 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

THECARPEXTER 25

May 11, 1948.

Atlanta, Ga., L. U. 225. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to
$1.7714 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Ofllcial sanction granted.

Greenville, Pa., L. U. 1000. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37 1^
to $1.75 per hour, effective July 10, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Berea, Ky., L. U. 1270. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62% to
$1.75 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Watertown, S. D., L. U. 1690. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.40
to $1.50 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Dumas, Texas, L. U. 2369. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$1.87 V2 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Concord, N. H., L. U. 538. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.40 to
$1.65 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Middletown, Ohio, L. U. 1477. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.90
to $2.10 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

May 12. 1948

Claim from Local Union 1839, Lake Charles, La., for death benefits of Elmas
Gable held in abeyance for the reason that the Local Union failed to comply with
the Laws of the Brotherhood was carefully considered. The Board referred the
case back to the General Treasurer for further consideration.

Appeal of Local Union 1590, Washington, D. C, from the decision of the Gen-
eral Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late Eugene
Ed Stoesser. The claim was referred back to the General Treasurer for further
consideration.

Appeal of Local Union 1822, Fort Worth, Texas, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the disability claim of Brother R. A. Hefner for
the reason that the evidence shows that his disability was not caused by accidental
injuries as provided for in Section 51-A of the General Laws. The decision of the
General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal dismissed.

Appeal of Local Union 8 3 6, Janesville, Wisconsin, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donations of the late
Otto Kirchoff. The claim was referred back to the General Treasurer for further
consideration.

Appeal of Local Union 1119, Ridgefield, Connecticut, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late
William Watt. The claim was referred back to the General Treasurer for further
consideration.

Two appeals of Chris Wilson, a member of Local Union 1780, Las Vegas, Nevada,
from the decisions of the General President in the case of Chris Wilson versus
Local Union 1780, and after giving careful consideration to these appeals, the
decisions of the General President were sustained on the grounds set forth therein
and the appeals were dismissed.

After due consideration, the General Executive Board decided to establish an
Educational Committee of the Brotherhood; the General Officers of the Brother-
hood and the Secretary-Treasurer of the Non-Partisan Committee to serve as
officers.

There being no further business to be acted upon, the Board adjourned to meet
at the call of the Chairman.

Respectfully submitted,

FRANK DUFFY, Secretary.

^n m

tmoivtunt

Brother JOHN ANDERSON, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother PIERRE MARC AURELE, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.

Brother WILLIAM BATTERSON, Sr., Local No. 1379, No. Hemstead, N. Y.

Brother L. C. BLANCHARD, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother Z. C. BRYANT, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.

Brother GUIDE CARFAGNA, Local No. 20, New York, N. Y.

Brother JAMES CIRLISLE, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother SAMUEL L. CLARK, Local No. 910, Glouchester, Mass.

Brother T. R. CLARK, Local No. 61, Kansas City, Mo.

Brother J. B. COLLET, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother ROSWELL C. CRAMER, Local No. 2435, Inglewood, Calif.

Brother K. W. CROMBIE, Local No. 226,Portland, Oregon.

Brother W. H. CUMMINGS, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.

Brother W. F. CUMMINS, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother H. G. DILLON, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.

Brother EDWARD ECKLUND, Local No. 1379, No. Hemstead, N. Y.

Brother CHARLES D. FERGUSON, Local No. 1822, Ft. Worth, Texas.

Brother JACOB FISHER, Local No. 612, Union Hill, N. J.

Brother FRANK E. GAPENS, Local No. 1339, Morgantown, W. Va.

Brother W. R. GARRISON, Local No. 1371, Gadsden, Ala.

Brother JAMES GIOVANNILE, Local No. 20, New York, N. Y.

Brother JULIUS GORGEY, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.

Brother DAVID PORTER GROCE, Local No. 525, Coshocton, Ohio.

Brother GEORGE GRUBER, Local No. 937, Dubuque, Iowa.

Brother E. D. HALL, Local No. 61, Kansas City, Mo.

Brother Z. P. HARDAGE, Local No. 764, Shreveport, La.

Brother ISAAC B. HAWK, Local No. 734, Kokomo, Ind.

Brother WILLIAM HITTENMILLER, Local No. 937, Dubuque, Iowa.

Brother ERNEST HOFFMAN, Local No. 2375, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother ALBERT IMOBERSTEG, Local No. 125, Utica, N. Y.

Brother H. W. JOHNSON, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother CHARLES JONES, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.

Brother J. P. JONES, Local No. 1278, Gainesville, Fla.

Brother ALBERT KING, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother V/ALTER J. KIRKHOFF, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.

Brother EARL LANE, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother THOMAS LEAMY, Local No. 336, New York. N. Y.

Brother ALLEN MacDONALD, Local No. 885, Woburn, Mass.

Brother GRANT MacNEIL, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother JONATHAN MARTIN, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother DONALD MacKAY, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.

Brother P. J. McGINNIS, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother NEAL McKAY, Local No. 2079, Houston, Texas.

Brother JACOB MEYERS, Local No. 306, Newark, N. J.

Brother LEOPOLD F. MIHM, Local No. 101, Baltimore, Md.

Brother WM. MURRAY, Local No. 210, Stamford, Conn.

Brother JOHN PARIS, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother CHARLES ALLEN PERRY, Local No. 1449, Lansing, Mich.

Brother R. B. PERRY, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.

Brother HJALMAR PETERSON, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother LOUIS PICART, Local No. 2375, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother FRANK REINER, Local No. 1397, North Hemstead, N. Y.

Brother C. A. RICKERD, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.

Brother E. E. ROBERTSON, Local No. 61, Kansas City, Mo.

Brother CLARENCE ROTH, Local No. 937, Dubuque, Iowa.

Brother CHRIST SCHROEDER, Local No. 81, Erie, Pa.

Brother LEROY M. SHEPARD, Local No. 860, Framingham, Mass.

Brother EDWARD SILVA, Local No. 2375, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother W. W. SMITH, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.

Brother HERBERT STINSON, Local No. 860, Framingham, Mass.

Brother JAMES J. SULLIVAN, Local No. 858, Clinton, Mass.

Brother ALEX THOMSON, Local No. 81, Erie, Pa.

Brother PATRICK TIERNEY, Local No. 306, Newark, N. J.

Brother CLARENCE J. TOOPS, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.

Brother STNLEY USAITIS, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.

Brother EDWARD VAN NAME, Local No. 20, New York, N. Y.

Brother JAMES A WARD, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother CHARLES E. WILLIAMS, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.

Brother D. F. WILLIAMS, Local No. 61, Kansas City, Mo.

Brother L. T. WINNOR, Local No. 25, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother W. E. WRIGHT, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Calif.

Brother JERRY YANCY, Local No. 1371, Gadsden, Ala.

Brother PHILIP ZARETSKY, Local No. 1784, Chicago, 111.

Craft ProblQms

Carpentry

LESSON 327
By H. H. Siegele

There are a great many knots, speak-
ing of knots that are made with cords,
ropes, and so forth. Many of these
knots are used by carpenters and other
building tradesmen. In fact, a carpenter
who does not know how to make the
knots that are essential to his trade,
could hardly be called a fully trained
mechanic. Ropes and cords are often
used in carpentry, which means that

Fig. 1

they must be fastened to objects, or
tied one to another. Every carpenter
should know, when it comes to fasten-
ing a cord or rope, what knot or hitch is
the right one to use in making the
connection. In cases where the knot
must be made and unmade, he should
not only know what knot will be safe,
but he should be able to choose one
that can be unmade easily.

Fig. 1 gives three views of a simple
knot, also called a single knot. At
number 1 the knot is shown rather
loose, which shows clearly how it is
made. Number 2 shows it tightened into
a hard knot, and number 3 shows how
it is used in fastening a sash cord to a
window sash — only the part of the sash
where the cord is fastened is shown.

Fig. 2 shows how to make the steve-
dore knot. To the left is shown a rope
running through a hole in a plank or

board, with a stevedore knot in the pro-
cess of being made. After the little loop
is formed and the rope has been wound
around the main part, as shown, the

Stevedore

Fig. 2

end is pulled through the little loop, aa
indicated by the arrow. The completed
knot with the plank resting on it is
shown to the right. The stevedore knot

''y??^:^-^s.\\v.ws\\\\

is also used for fastening sash cord to
sash, especially for rather heavy sash.
For light sash the simple knot shown
by Fig. 1, is the most economical, for
the amount of cord necessary to make

C\\\\\\\\\\\S\\\\\\U\\SW\Xl

Fisherman'i knot
Fig. 4

that knot is kept at a minimum. But
when it comes to heavy sash, and so
forth, then economy should give way to
substantial construction, in which case
the stevedore knot will fill the require-
ments.

THE CARPENTER

Fig. 3 gives three views of the figure-
8 knot. At A it is shown in a loose
form, at B it has been tightened up

^SESSSSSSSSSv

Fig. 5

somewhat, while at C it is shown pulled
into a hard knot. This knot is used for
the same purposes that the simple knot
shown in Fig. 1 is used, excepting that
the figure-8 knot is more reliable
and therefore more substantial. It is a
good knot to use on the end of sash
cord that is to be fastened to window
sash.

'ec^\\\\\\\v\\\\vv's\\v

Fig. 6

I Fig. 4 shows two views of the fisher-
man's knot, or as it is also called, the
English tie. In reality it is a double
knot. The upper drawing gives the knot
in a rather loose form, so as to show
the making of it, while the bottom
drawing shows it pulled together into
a tight hard knot. This is one of the
best knots for tying two ropes or cords

Grannij knot

Fig. 7

together, whether they are of the same
or of different sizes. For ordinary pur-
poses, it is easy to untie by simply pull-
ing on the two ends, but if especially
heavy strain is put on the knot, the
untying becomes more difficult.

The sheet bend knot is shown by Fig.
5. This knot is also called, becket bend,
hawser bend, and mesh knot. It is used
for tying two ropes or cords together
and is easy to make and also easy to
unmake. The upper drawing gives a
loose form, showing how to make it,
while the bottom drawing shows the
knot tightened into a rather hard knot.

Two views of the square knot are
shown by Fig. 6. This knot is also

H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS

CARPENTRY.— Has 302 p.. 754 il.. covering general
house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.

BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p.
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The above five books support one another.

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EARN MORE

Learn To Be A Lumber
Grader or Tallyman
Send TODAY for a copy of —
"PRACTICAL LUMBER
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by S. W. Agee, experienced Lumber,
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known as reef knot and flat knot. It is
used for tying two ropes or cords to-
getlier, and Is easily made and unmade.
The upper drawing gives a loose form,
while the bottom drawing shows the
knot tightened into a hard knot.

HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY !

Fig. 8

The granny knot, shown by Fig. 7,
slips, or when it does not slip, it tight-
ens into so hard a knot that it is difficult
to untie. The upper drawing shows how
the knot is made, while the bottom one
shows it pulled into a tight knot.

Fig. 8 gives two views of a bowline
knot. The upper drawing gives a loose

AVWWU^UVV'v'vWW'vW)

Double knot

\^SI

A\\\\\\\\^V\\V\\\\lUVvW\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\V?

Fig. 9

form, showing how the knot is made,
while the bottom drawing shows the
knot tightened. This is one of the most
practical and most reliable knots shown
in this lesson. It is extensively used
for fastening sash cord to window
weights. No matter how tight the knot

^^^^^^ss^ssssasss

might be pulled, it can always be loos-
ened with ease.

A double knot is shown by Fig. 9.
The top view shows it in the making,
which is the same as the making of the
single knot shown in Fig. 1, excepting
that the end of the rope is brought

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THE CARPENTER

twice around the main part of the rope
or cord, instead of only once. At the
bottom the knot is shown pulled into a
tight hard knot. This knot is used for
the same purposes as the single knot.
but it is a much better knot. However,
it takes just a little more time and ma-
terial to make it.

Fig. 10. the upper drawing, shows a
slip knot, and the bottom drawing shows
the beginning of this knot, which is
called a bight. In everyday language a
bight is a sort of loop, often called a
loop.

To make a slip knot the quick way,
hold the rope in the left hand with
about 2 feet of the end hanging down.
Now form the bight by placing the end
of the rope between the index finger and

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avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
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thumb of the left hand. This done, slip
your right hand into the loop and bring
it up over the part held with the thumb
and index finger in such a way that you
can grab the other part of the bight
and pull it back through the loop, which
will make a loose slip knot. When this
knot is straightened out and tightened
it will be like the one shovs-n in Fig. 10.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories

Page
Carlson & Sullivan, Inc., Mon-
rovia, Cal. 32

Henr>- Disston & Sons, Inc.,,

Philadelphia, Pa. 5

Dow Inc., Pasadena, Cal 28

Flormaster Flormachines Co.,

Chicago, 111. 3

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 32

Greenlee Tools, Rockford, 111 ■ 6

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover

E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,

Cal. 29

Master Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y 5

F. P. Maxson, Chicago, III 30

A. D. McBurney, Los Angeles,

Calif. 31

North Bros. .Mfg. Co., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 31

The Paine Co., Chicago, 111 31

Sargent & Co., New Haven,

Conn. 1

Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore 6

The Speed Co., Portland. Ore 31

The Speed Corp., Portland, Ore. 29
Stanlev Tools, New Britain, Conn._3rd Cover

E. Weyer, .New York, N. Y 32

Cai-pentry Materials

Johns-ManvUle Corp., X. Y.,N.Y. 32
The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y 2nd Cover

Doors

Overhead Door Corp., Hartford,

City, Ind. 4th Cover

Technical Courses and Books

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago, 111. 31

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y. 3rd Cover

Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111. 4

Norwood Publishers, Seattle,

Wash. 28

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 29

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 28

Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 30

SI. 25 with 7 Blades ^S^^f'T/Q^

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F. P. MAXSOX, Sole Mannfactrrrer

372.2 N. Ashland Ave. CHICAGO, ILL

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Send tor the "Yankee" Tool Book

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Cash with order, prepaid. (CO.D.
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Dept. A 202S N.E. Sandy, Portland II, Or*.

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FOR
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Learn to draw plana, eitlmate, b« a live-wire builder, da
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UP-TO-DATE

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Coupon Brings Eight Big Books For

(VMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Vocational Publishers since 1898
Dept. GA36 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.
You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your eight
big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges
only, and If fully satisfied in ten days, I will send yon
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated in *sa
way unless I keep the books.

Name

Address

City State

Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one buslneu
man as reference. Men in service, also give home addreu.

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Name

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Buy

CARLSON RULE

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STEEL TAPE RULES

Stanley No. 233
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USE-FULL

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This Stanley No. 233 Aluminum Level is light for
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Useful more ways, more places and more years
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6" Blade — 2" Capacity
Ask Dealer or Wrife Portable Power Tool Division.

MALL TOOL COMPANY

7751 South Chicago Av«., Clu«ago, 19, IIL

AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides

4vois.*6

Inside Trade IntotiiiaUoa

for Carpenters. Builders, Join-
ers, Baild.'ng Mechanics and aJI
Woodworkers. Tne&e Goides
give yea the sbort-cut instruc-
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new metlKKls, ideas, solotions,
plans, systems and money sav-
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Carpenters everywhere are am*
ing these Guides as a Helpine
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a..^.. . .K Bimply fill in and

Inside Trade Information On: maiiFBEE coupon b«i<m.

How to use the steel square — How to file and

set saws — How to build furniture — How to use

a mitre box — ^How to use the chalk Une — How

to use rules and scales — ^How to make joints —

Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration

problems — Estimating strength ol timbers —

How to set girders and sills — How to frame

houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How

to build houses, bams, garages, bungalows, etc.

— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up

spectficationa — How to excavate — How to use

settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How

to biilld hoists and scaHolda — skylights — How

to build stairs — How to put on interior trim —

How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors^How to paint.

AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' fre«
trial. II OK I will remit SI in 7 days and SI monthly until S6 is paid.
—Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfied.

Name-

Employed by-

CAK

I k*

this qua '7 ° ., any str"^'"'®- . ', ipdos-
,ria\ and res.

t?V£;-<H£AD OOOR"

fee manually or e/ec-

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MIRACLE WEDGE

OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION • Hartford City, Indiana, U. S. A.

OfHeial Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

YOUR OPINION
IS IMPORTANT...

hui

THEY ONLY

COUNT

BALLOTS!

When Election Day rolls around/
will be only as big as

Needs ONLY ONE HAND

vttR*"®-

,YllSliH6'

,VP?I»6:

instead of TWOI

PO'^m-CABU

Ask any 10 carpenters and 8 will tell you there's
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on the hand! You don't have to grab the
SPEEDMATIC with two hands . . . and then wish
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AT ANY ANGLE, the SPEEDMATIC is always
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it's easy to guide.

With SPEEDMATIC, there's absolutely no
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blade.

SPEEDMATIC'S broad shoe permits steady rest.
Prevents cramping. One hand holds it straight
and true.

FOR GREATER UTILITY, just at-
tach the SPEEDMATIC to a Porter-
Cable Radial Arm. The rig has all
the advantages of a parallel swing,
mitre and rip saw. Permits angles,
compound angles and other precise
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you can always see the guide line.

SPEEDMATIC

Porter-Cable Radial Arm firmly anchored to
stand, increases Speedmatic utility.

saves your back . . . puts more skill in any man's hand
. . . gives your boss clean vrork. Ask him for a
SPEEDMATIC today.

PORTER-CABLE MACHINE CO.

1760-7 N. SAtlNA ST.

SYRACUSE 8, N. Y.

THB^^^NTXR

A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.

FRANK DUFFY, Editor

Carpenters' Building, 232 E. Micliigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Established in 1881
Vol. LXVIII — No. 7

INDIANAPOLIS, JULY, 1948

One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy

Contents —

Let's Close Our Ranks

Twin hurricanes of reaction and depression are blowing our way, according to un-
mistakable signs. No^ is tKe time when we must build and strengthen our union and
mobilize our political strength to stave off possible destruction.

A well-integrated program for apprenticeship training is worked out to provide a
balanced schedule of on-the-job and classroom work in proper proportions for the best
possible results.

California Steps Out

The Construction Outlook

Unless skyrocketing prices dry up new markets, construction promises to set a new
all-time record in 1948.

The struggle between human rights and property rights is rapidly drawing to a head.
The need is for a national policy to clearly define the duties and responsibilities of
economic organizations as compared to human duties and responsibilities.

Corporations vs. Men

Relief for the Disabled

In a report by the Advisory Committee on Social Security, a recommendation is made_
for the amendment of the Social Security program to include benefits for permanently dis-
abled workers.

• • •

OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Plane Gossip

Editorials

Official

In Memoriani

Correspondence -

To the Ladies

Graft Problems -

14
24
33
34
35
39
41

Index to Advertisers

Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of

Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.

CARPENTERS

BUILDERS and APPRENTICES

THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING

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H-120 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave., I

Chicago 16, 111. I

Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints" i

with information about how I can train at home. '

Name Age '

Address Occupation ■

City Zone State |

Find Out Why

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Name

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City

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NOW! afi/fd2^mdZii>

FRAMING SQUARE

SOl^lS All
FRAMING PROBLEMS
INSTANTLY! '

Seg. U.S. Pat. Off

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SECTION
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ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW IS WIDTH
OP BUILDING AND PITCH OF ROOF

One Setting gives you the marking
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Blade gives

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Common and

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Bevel Bar

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I A sturdy, all-metal tool that folds up into
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'■ GUARANTEE : If you are not completely
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IC O. B. rOSI*OE EX

llOYD I. CROWLET

1880 South 12th Strsel

Salem, Oregon
Wonufocturer and Diitribulor

SHARPS

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• 7/16" tip

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blade
9 Replaceable blade

• 6 or 8 ft. lengths

REG.U.S-|PAT. OFF. ,

MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC., Dept. E-7
201 Main Street, White Plains, N. Y.
I enclose $2.00 for the 6 ft. Streamline.
2.50 for the 8 ft. Streamline.
Engrave my name (75c extra). Please print clearly.

NAME

ADDRESS

CITY STATE

SAVE LABOR!

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Which of these new drills
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MILLERS FALLS COMPANY
GREENFIELD, MASS.

No. 104 1/4" Hand
Drill: machine-cut
gears; "Oilite"
spindle bearing
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true-running 1/4"
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holds 8 standard
points (1/16" to
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No. 100 Automatic Drill:
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^ return. 8 drill points
^ (1/16" to 11/64") in rug-
ged plastic handle. $3.50*

^Slightly higher in the west.

Millers Falls Tools

Celebrating 80 Years of Toolmaking

LEARN TO ESTIMATE

If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness Eind be your own boss the "Teunblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.

Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
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and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
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Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.

TAMBLYN SYSTEM

Johnson Building CI 9, Denver 2, Colorado

[»

Let's Close Our Ranks

BY MAURICE A. HUTCHESON

First General Vice-President

* * *

WHEN hurricane warnings go up in those sections of the world
which are subject to devastating winds, the wise citizens make
plans accordingly. They batten down their porches and board
up their windows and make everything ship-shape as possible to withstand
the lashing and buffeting that come with the storm. In that wa}^ they
protect their lives and their propert^^ Storms come and storms go but
by foresight and preparedness the citizens withstand the onslaughts and
go on living their lives in an even tenure. While there is no danger, they
work and live and love in a manner little different from people all over
the world; but the minute hurricane warnings go up the}' spring into

action. They bolster up the weak — — •

spots in their houses and they forti- are pending on Capitol Hill. The
f}' their property with boards and hurricane of reaction is building
timbers and nails. Whatever the}^ up and gaining momentum day by
can think of to do to make their day. It is time we took warning.

structure more impregnable they do
as swiftly and as thoroughly as pos-
sible. In that way they survive and
even prosper.

An individual who lived in the

On the economic front, too, wind
pressure is increasing. As mounting
profits drive prices steadily upward,
the gap between prices and wages
grows ever wider. That pathway

hurricane belt but paid no attention leads to eventual disaster. Sooner

to storm warnings would certainly or later the purchasing power of

be looked upon as being lacking in the people becomes insufficient to

good common sense. And justifi- buy the goods of industry at their

ably so. Not to prepare for a blow profit-swollen prices, and then the

that is inevitable cannot be classed bottom falls out of the economy. It

as anything but foolhardy. How- happened in 1929 and it will happen

ever, some of us are making that again as surely as night follows

very mistake. day if prices and wages are not

There is a hurricane of reaction brousfht into better balance. It may

and possible economic disaster on
its way in this country. The signs
are numerous and unmistakable. A
reactionary Congress has already

take months or it may take years,
but sooner or later a hurricane of
deflation will hit us.

With the hurricanes on their way,
legislated away many of the basic it is imperative that we start pre-
rights which workers won only after paring ourselves and building up
years of struggle. A hundred other our defenses. If labor history teach-
bills which would place further es us an3'thing, it is that the pro-
shackles on organized wage earners gress and welfare of working people

THE CARPENTER

He in strong, militant unions dur-
ing periods of social and economic
disturbances. When unions have
been strong and aggressive, social
and economic disturbances have spent
themselves without seriously disrupt-
ing the wages and working condi-
tions of America's workers ; when
unions have been weak and ineffect-
ual, working people have paid a heavy-
price in starvation wages and ex-
ploited conditions whenever the
economic pendulum has swung
downward. The real tragedy of the
last depression was the fact that
outside of the building trades, or-
ganized labor was too enervated to
hold back the tide of wage slash-
ing and condition butchering which
took place. Those who were thrown
out of work had no purchasing
power, naturally. But even worse,
those who were working had no
purchasing power either because
their wages and working conditions
were so beaten down that they could
scarcely keep body and soul to-
gether.

What the days ahead have in
store, no one can say with any
degree of assurance. But one thing
is certain — as we preserve and build
our unions, so shall we protect and
preserve our future welfare, regard-
less of what transpires. The fight
of unionism for a place in the sun
for working people has been an up-
hill fight every inch of the way.
The Taft-Hartley Act is merely a
new manifestation of an old pro-
blem— anti-labor legislation. For
seventy-five years anti-labor legisla-
tion and anti-l^bor legal interpreta-
tions have worked against organized
labor. Away back in 1894 labor was
slapped with an injunction in the
railroad case and for many years
afterward every effort of workers
to improve their lot brought on a

stringent court injunction. But the
unionists of that day kept their pow-
der dry. Against all kinds of intim-
idations such as the discharge and
blacklist they kept their ranks
closed. With the weapons they had
at their command, they fought back
and the labor movement survived.

A few years later — in 1907 to be
exact — a court ruled that the hat-
ters in Danbury were in conspiracy
because they wanted their wages
and working conditions improved.
Damages were awarded the hat
companies and union members lost
their bank accounts and their homes
as judgements were filed against
them. But again the unionists stood
fast and the labor movement sagged
but never bowed. There followed
the era of the yellow dog contract
and the "American Plan". The
unions took a beating but they kept
fighting ba-rk. Just before the re-
cent war, anti-trust suits threat-
ened the very existence of organ-
ized labor, but under the leadership
of our United Brotherhood and our
General President, the suits were
ft^ught to a standstill and beaten
all the way down the line. The labor
movement survived because our Bro-
therhood was strong and headed by
a man not afraid to fight.

Today, The Taft-Hartley Act and
a thousand other pieces of anti-labor
legislation pending in Congress and
the state legislatures threaten the
very lifeblood of organized labor.
Again we must close our ranks and
prepare to fight back with every-
thing we have. This is a fight in
which every member must carry his
full share of the responsibility.
Like the citizen living in the hurri-
cane belt, he must take the initia-
tive for making his individual con-
tribution to the welfare and survi-
val of his community. It must be
a matter between him and his con-

THE CARPENTER

science. The c{uestions he must ask
himself are these:

Am I registered and eligible to
vote? Are all the members of my
family and all my friends similarly
prepared? Am I attending union
meetings often enough? Is every
worker within the jurisdiction of
my union who is eligible to join
under Section 7 of the Constitution
a member? Am I defending my
urtion vigorously enough against
my neighbors who may believe the
anti-union propaganda printed in
the papers against organized labor?
Am I serving my union as fully and
as capably as I could? Am I an as-
set or a liability to my union?

I honestly believe that the work-
ers of America are right now at the
cross-roads. One road leads to de-
pression and privation and exploi-
tation with a weak and ineffectual
labor movement. The other road
leads to continued progress and
freedom with a sound and militant
labor movement. There can hardly
be any middle ground — it must be
one or the other. As each of us
gives the correct answers to the
above questions, so shall the deci-
sion be made as to which road the
workers of America intend to travel.

Today conditions are good. Work
is comparatively plentiful and pro-
blems are comparatively few. His-
tory shows that in times such as
these the labor movement suffers
its worst setbacks. Lethargy inevit-
ably creeps in. "Let George do it" be-
comes the motto of too many mem-
bers. One union after another loses
its fine edge. Then when the tide
turns these unions find that the pre-
vious easy times enervated them and
sapped them of their energy and
strength. The price such a procedure
exacts in the end is always tremen-
dously high. We must guard against
it and prevent it at all costs.

The hurricanes of reaction and
depression are building up. Warn-
ings can be seen on all sides. Soon-
er or later they will be unleashing
their fury, and only those who are
prepared will be safe. In the hur-
ricane belt, the calm before the
storm is the period of greatest act-
ivity and preparation. Years of ex-
perience have proved the necessity
of following such a course. It is the
only guarantee the people have of
continued existence.

Like the citizens of the hurricane
belt we must not allow the present
calm to lull us into a sense of false
security. When the winds start
howling it will be too late to start
boarding up our windows and bat-
tening down our porches. The job
can and must be done now.

Now is the time for us to close the
gaps in our ranks. Now is the time
to see that every eligible worker is
made a member. Now is the time
to see that all of our jurisdiction
is protected. Now is the time to see
that our organization is built up and
strengthened. Now is the time to
see that all of our political strength
is mobilized and made ready to fight
for our friends and against our
enemies. Now is the time for all
of us to boost and build our union.

Ballots Defend
Your Freedom

BE SURE TO VOTE

THIS YEAR AND

EVERY vYEAR

In apprenticeship training —

CALIFORNIA STEPS OUT

by WILLIAM P. KELLY, Apprentice Coordinator,

Bay Counties District Council of Carpenters, Executive Board
Member California State Council of Carpenters

WITH THREE of the four sets of books completed and available
for purchase, and the fourth set nearing- completion, California's
carpentry apprenticeship training prog-ram will soon be operat-
ing smoothly -with a complete set of instructional materials for each year
of the four-year apprenticeship period.

The books are being- prepared by the Instructional Materials Labora-
tory- of the Bureau of Trade and Industrial Education, a division of the
California State Department of Education. The work of the laborator^^
is under the direction of ]\Iiles H. Anderson, who has been a supervisor
and teacher in the apprenticeship program in California for a number of
.\ state educational advisorv

years,

committee for the carpentry trade
composed of AVilliam P. Kelly, San
Francisco, Executive Board ]Mem-
ber, California State Council of
Carpenters and Joiners; Georg-e B.
Buckley, Los Ang-eles, Associated
General Contractors ; James Skel-
ton, Los Ang-eles, Executive Board
Ivlember, California State Council
of Carpenters and Joiners ; and Mil-
ton Morris, San Francisco, Associ-
ated Home Builders, has guided the
developm.ent of the project from its
inception in September, 1946.

Each of the books has been writ-
ten by an expert in the carpentry
trade recommended by the advisory
committee, and the material is all
presented from the point of view of
the practical builder.

In the apprentice training- pro-
g-ram the carpentry apprentice
learns the manipulative skills on the
job under the supervision of his
foreman or a skilled journeyman,
while he learns the technical knowl-
edge related to this work in trade
extension classes conducted bv the

public schools. Conducting such
classes is quite difficult using tradi-
tional teaching methods, such as a
series of lectures followed by dis-
cussions and textbook assignments.
Some of the difficulties encountered
are :

1. Individual differences
Carpentry apprentices vary in
in their ability to learn, some
being able to learn rapidly,
others requiring more time to
learn.

2. Class turnover

The carpentry apprentice class
roll is subject to change all
during the year due to the hir-
ing of new apprentices and the
graduation of those w^ho have
completed their work,

3. Mixed classes

^Most apprentice classes are
made up of first, second, third,
and fourth year apprentices,
each group working on a dif-
ferent course of study.
In order to teach an apprentice
class successfully in spite of these

THE CARPENTER

difficulties, it has been found desir-
able to use individual or small
group instruction rather than the
traditional method in which an at-
tempt is made to teach the entire
class the same information at the
same time. Individual instruction is
almost impossible unless the teacher
is provided w^ith printed instruc-
tional materials that can be used by
the apprentice as a guide in learn-
ing the course of study. The mate-
rials provided must be very efficient
in making it possible for the ap-
prentice to learn well with a mini-
mum of assistance from the teacher,
who must divide his time fairly
among the apprentices in his class.

The instructional materials pre-
pared for the use of carpentry ap-
prentices consist of:

1. Mimeographed course outline

This is the basic course out-
line, divided into four parts,
each part coinciding with one
year of apprenticeship in the
carpentry trade. This outline is
the basis for the printed books
that are subsequently devel-
oped, and is the product of the
thinking of the State Edu-
cational Advisory Committee
meeting as a group.

2. Workbook

The workbook is for the use of
the apprentice, and consists of
a series of assignments cover-
ing the topics in one part of
the course outlined. There will
be four workbooks in the com-
pleted carpentry course, three
of which are now available.
The men who prepare the
workbooks take each topic in
the outline and work out means
whereby the apprentice can
learn the topic through select-
ed reference books, experi-
ments, films, or other sources of

information. If readily avail-
able sources cannot be found,
they write and illustrate the
information themselves. To get
the most out of the course it is
imperative that the apprentice
be required to purchase the
necessary technical books list-
ed in the back of the workbook,
as he is referred to them con-
stantly as he pursues the
course.

3. Testbook

The testbook is also for the
use of the apprentice, but is
only given to him when he
completes a topic in his work-
book, at which time he takes
a short test on the topic just
completed. The main purpose
of the test is to evaluate the
apprentice's mastery of the
topics and to discover mis-
understandings and learning
difficulties while there is still
time for the teacher to take
remedial action.

4. Final Examination

A final examination consisting
of 150 to 200 objective-type
questions is prepared for each
part of the course, and must
be passed by the apprentice be-
fore advancing to the next
part. The final examination is
often used by the local appren-
tice committees in conjunction
with a rating of the appren-
tice's work on the job in decid-
ing whether the apprentice
should receive his advance-
ment.

5. Progress chart

The progress chart is a wall
chart on which space is pro-
vided for entering the names
of the apprentices. Opposite
their names the teacher enters
their grades for each topic

12 T H E C A R P E X T E R

Studied in appropriate squares. Course in Carpentry; First Year:
There is a separate chart for Foundations and Framing:

each year of apprenticeship in Workbook Si.oo

carpentry, with the study top- Testbook i.oo

ics already printed in the Final Examination 15

blanks along the top edge. The Course in Carpentry, Second Year:
teacher uses the chart as a Roof Framing, Exterior Trim.

teaching tool that enables him Workbook Si.oo

to see at a glance what each Testbook i.oo

apprentice has accomplished Final Examination 15

and what he is to do next. Such q^^,,^ ^^ Carpentry, Third Year:
charts are essential when deal- Interior Finish 'and Stairbuild-

ing with a mixed group, -^q.

6. Teacher's guide Vorkbook $1.00

The teacher s guide is a man- Te=tb''i''k i 00

^al i'--'r the use of the teacher Final' Examination"^ '! ' ^i;

in which the apprenticeship „ • r- t- 1 ^^ "

1 . ^ ^. 1 ^ Course m Carpentrv. Fourth Year:
program, tne instructional mat- -n ■ - ,^ ' , xt

. ? J ^ - , Kemtorced Concrete and Heavv

erials, and correct use 01 the _. , ^ . .^

■ 1 ■ 1 • J T Ml limber Construction, (in pro-

materials IS explained, it v.-ili . . ^

, ., 1 1 -1 1 cess 01 preparation.)

not be available until early r- t- j

summer. Orders should be addressed to:

7. Answer sheets Bureau of Textbooks and

Correct answers for all exam- Publications.

ination questic-tis are provided California State Department of

in the answer sheets. Education,

8. Record cards Sacramento. 14. California.

It is vital to the success of an -n u ^ -n i, j

, . ,1 r^urchase oraers v^-ill be accepted

apprenticeship program that - ,-,. ■ \ n 1.

^^ ^, , f . , irom public agencies. All others

accurate records be kept 01 tne ■ 1 j • -^u j

.^. must include remittance with orders,

apprentice's accomplishments c 1 1 ^ j t, ^ j

,1 , ■ 1 1 ■ ,1 ^cnool stores operated by student

both on the lob and m scnool. 1 j- -j 'j ut

„ , , , .- . . boQies are not considered public

Onh' bv this means can it be • , • 1 j -^

, - .- , , . , agencies and must include remit-

determmed whether the ap- ^ ■ u j tu 1

, , J . f. tance with orders, i he state sales

prentice has had the Avell- ^ .-ujjj hj

^ , , . , .,, tax must be added on all orders to

rounded experience that will , ^ , . ^ .

..... ^ . be sent to places withm Calitornia.

quality him as a lournevman , - ,

^ - - „, - , - , except orders tor resale purposes,

crattsman, i he record caras ■ , . , , , u u u

, . . , , m which case the order should be

are so designed that the ap- , , ,-,t-- -n , >. , ^, ,

*. ■ 1 • marked r or Resale and the sales

prentice's entire apprenticeship ^ v -u \

^ . , . if f tax permit number.)

period 15 recorded on one card, , ' , ,

and the svstem of keeping it Progress cnarts, record cards, and

up is such that work of doing ^^^=^^'^^ ^^eets will be turmshed

it is handled bv the apprentice ^'^"i^hout charge to _ school systems

himself, which' eliminates cost- ^^^^? '"^^ , instructional materials.

ly secretarial work for record- Requests snould be addressed to :
keeping. The carpentry ap- Instructional ^Material

prentice instructional materi- Laboratory,

als now available and in pre- 2129 Grove St., Room 201

paration follow : Oakland 12, California

THE CARPENTER

These instructional materials have
been very effective in making Cali-
fornia's carpentry apprentice train-
ing- program a successful one. At
the present time there are 4,175
carpentry apprentices enrolled in
school classes in the state, making
up a total of 155 classes. More are
being enrolled every day, as there
are several thousand on the waiting
list for new classes. The chief ob-
stacle to be overcome is the diffi-
culty being experienced in finding
competent journeymen carpenters
to serve as teachers.

A noteworthy phase of the in-
structional materials program is the
interest being taken by many jour-
neymen carpenters. A recent survey
in California indicates that there
are several hundred journeymen
signed up to take the same courses
offered for the apprentices, with
some classes already in operation.

The classes for journeymen are set
up separately from those for ap-
prentices, of course.

Enforcement of attendance of ap-
prentices in school classes is no
problem when the instructional mat-
erials are used, as they find their
studies interesting and immediately
applicable in a practical way to their
work on the job. The tests are prov-
ing invaluable to advisory commit-
tees in evaluating an apprentice's
work, and have been adjudged by
many as being one of the most use-
ful phases of the program.

To date 9,723 sets of the carpentry
instructional materials have been
sold, and reports from schools and
locals all over the nation that have
adopted the courses indicate that
they are being of real assistance in
putting over the biggest apprentice-
ship training program in the nation,
the carpentry apprentice program.

Death Calls Secretary of Labor Schwellenbach

Secretary of Labor Lewis B. Schwellenbach is dead.

A cabinet officer since July i, 1945, he was appointed by President
Truman to his labor post. To accept the post, he resigned a Federal judge-
ship which meant security and assured income for life. Although far from
being wealthy, he accepted without hesitation the President's call.

The Secretary of Labor died at Walter Reed hospital, Washington,
,D. C, at 4:40 a.m. June 10 after a long illness. He had been a patient at
the hospital since May 28.

As Secretary of Labor, Schwellenbach gave his greatest efforts toward
securing the rights of labor, attaining industrial peace within the frame-
work of free collective bargaining, and building toward world peace
through cooperation among the labor movements of the world. He opposed
enactment of the Taft-Hartley Act and advised the President to veto the
law.

Schwellenbach resigned from the Senate where he had served for five
years to become United States District Judge for the Eastern District of
Washington, serving as a Federal judge from 1940 to 1945 and resigned
that life-time position to accept the appointment as Secretary of Labor.

SIP

EXPENSIVE IS THE WORD FOR IT

From all indications, another "Teapot
Dome" scandal is brewing in Wash-
ington. A few months ago the Supreme
Court ruled that the oil under the tide
lands of California, Texas and other
maritime states belongs to Uncle Sam.
This, however, made the big oil com-
panies very unhappy and recently the
House voted 259 to 29 to overturn the
court's decision. The oil companies want
the oil in the hands of the various
states and they are not going to rest
until they get their way.

In view of the fact we are spending
billions to obtain access to Arabian oil
while at the same time we are playing
fast and loose with our own oil re-
sources, another "Teapot Dome" affair
may eventually develop. Our costly and
sometimes blundering efforts to main-
tain adequate oil reserves reminds us
of the two Scotchmen whose twice-
widowed friend married for a third
time.

"I hear Angus is married again,"
said one.

"Aye," retorted the other, "and a
scandalous expensive friend he is to
have — two wreaths and three wedding
presents in seventeen years."

"Ask your Mother, Junior, perhaps
she'll know where the other skate is."

IT PAYS TO BE SAFE

Last month's issue of one of the larg-
er financial papers carried a long article
knocking labor's decision to indulge im
a little political activity. Labor will only
hurt itself by entering the political
arena, the article intimated, as it went
on to explain that labor is already
wielding its maximum influence in
Washington.

Maybe the next Congress will pay at-
tention to labor's wishes, but person-
ally we feel like the little boy who was
at the zoo with his dad. Standing be-
fore the tiger's cage, the father spent
some time impressing on his son how
dangerous the beast was. The lad was
very attentive but finally he said:

"Daddy, if it got out of the cage and
ate you up, what bus would I take to get
home?" M v w

♦ * ♦ I

TAX FORM GENEROSITY |

Estimating that some seven or eight
billion dollars a year in revenue is lost
to Uncle Sam through various sorts of
income tax chiseling, a Congressman re-
cently asked that ten thousand new
agents be employed by the Treasury
Department to check returns more
closely. I

How much chiseling there is in In- ll
come tax returns we are in no position
to know. However, a friend of ours who
works for the Treasury Department and
gets to look over a lot of returns re-
cently said:

"If the churches of the country get
half the donations claimed on income
tax returns, there can't possibly be a
one of them in debt."

THE ROGERS TOUCH

Along about two or three years after
World War 1, the late Will Rogers once
remarked: "There is only one way we
could be worse off with Europeans, and
that is if we helped them out of two
wars instead of one."

Somewhere in this there ought to be
a fine moral but somehow or other it
escapes us just for the moment.

THE CARPENTER

MAYBE IT IS COIXCIDEXrE

Maj-be it is merely coincidence, but
shortly after this country makes up
its mind that there is going to be no
more backing down for anybody (and
implements that decision with appro-
priations for a first rate army and air
force) Russia announces that she is in-
terested in nothing except peace. We
sincerely hope Moustache Joe is sincere
In this latest pronouncement. However,
until events prove otherwise, we are
skeptical and inclined to class Joe with
the attorney who wanted a new trial for
tiis client.

"Why do you want a new trial?" asks
the judge.

"On grounds of newly discovered evi-
dence," replies the attorney.

"What is the nature of it?"

"My client has dug up $400 I didn't
know he had."

partment. In view of the butchering
which Congress has been doing, it is
not beyond the realm of possibility that
the Department itself may soon be elim-
inated as unnecessary since one by one
its functions have been turned over to
some other agency.

This continual chopping away at the
Department of Labor has so incensed
some Congressmen that Representative
Chet Holifield of California last month
introduced a bill to convert the De-
partment of Labor Building into a
pigeon loft.

Whether or not the Department of
Labor Building will eventually become
a pigeon loft we are not prepared to
say; but one thing we can state without
reservation — if anti-labor Congressmen
think organized labor is going to sit idly
by and watch the Department of Labor
be torn to pieces they have bats in their
belfries.

AFTER THE BALL IS OATER

Senator Ball of Minnesota, who is
often referred to as "Jumping Joe"
(probably because he is so fast to
jump on any propaganda wagon the
vested interests line up), is still mak-
ing speeches about the "fairness" of the
Taft-Hartley Act.

Correct or not, persistent rumors to
the effect that Joe will accept a lucra-
tive public relations job with the Na-
tional Association of Manufacturers if
he is defeated in 1948 keep cropping up
here and there.

About the only comment we can think
of is to tell the story about the little
boy Avho went to 'hear the ventriloquist.
When he got home, his mother asked:

"What did you think of the ventrilo-
quist?"

"Oh, I didn't think much of him,"
replied the boy, "but the little guy on
his knee sure was smart."

THEY AVILL GET THE BIRD

Last year Congress reduced appropria-
tions for the Department of Labor from
thirty-five million dollars to eighteen
million dollars. The Conciliation Serv-
ice has been divorced from the Depart-
ment of Labor and now Congress is
making an effort to also remove the
U.S. Employment Service from the De-

JOE SHOULD KXOAV

The season being Spring, Joe Paup,
Fourth Party candidate for president,
running on a platform of fiA^e-cent
beers and bigger dill pickles with liver-
wurst sandwiches, recently wiped the
sawdust and foam from his beard and
opined:

"Although it is contrary to the laws
of gravity, it is much easier to pick a
girl up than it is to drop her.

•'/ know Cts twenty, but I took off
withhoJding tax."

The Construction Outlook

By RICHARD J. GRAY

President, Building and Construction
Trades Department, A. F. of L.

JOINT PREDICTIONS of the Departments of Labor and Commerce
are that new construction in the present year will amount to around
$15.2 billion.
In 1947 about $13 billion was spent on new construction, of which
close to $5 billion went into housing. If the expected volume is realized,
there will be about 2,150,000 workers employed by construction contractors
in the peak month of September. This will represent an increase of 250,-
000 over the number at work in September, 1947.

In March of this year construc-
tion employment had reached i,-
600,000, or 94,000 more than report-
ed in the previous month, and an in-
crease of 126,000 over March, 1947.
During- the first three months of
this year, expenditures for new
construction, public and private,
were 25.3 per cent above the figures
for the corresponding period in
1947. This does not, of course, mean
an equal increase in physical vol-
ume of construction, since a consid-
erable part of the dollar volume
gain is accounted for by the in-
crease in construction costs.

Housing will again be the great-
est single factor in the building pro-
gram of 1948 unless, of course, it
must be shunted aside to make way
for defense or war construction, or
unless high prices destroy the mar-
ket. The need for housing has hard-
ly been touched as yet. We entered
the war with a housing deficit,
which grew at an alarming rate dur-
ing the war years, and is still in-
creasing. It will take years to build
houses to replace worn-out dwell-
ings alone.

But each year newly established

families add to the need for homes.
Last year, accordi^ng to the Bureau
of the Census, 1,250,000 new fami-
lies or households were established.
While the prewar rate of marriages
was about 1,400,000 a year, it was
1,900,000 for 1947 and is estimated
at around 1,700,000 for 1948. The
birth rate also increased consider-
ably in 1947, and it is expected to
remain high during the present
year.

Estimates are that we will need
to build from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000
homes each year for the next ten
years, but that slightly less than
1,000,000 private homes will be be-
gun this year — which will, however,
been an all-time high for new pri-
vately financed housing units put
in place.

The construction industry will
obviously contribute in a very im-
portant fashion to maximum pro-
duction and employment through-
out the entire economy. There are
certain elements in the present sit-
uation in the industry, however,
which are definitely threatening.

The first question, in considering
the prospects of the industry, is

THE CARPEXTER

whether it can meet the demands of
the expected high volume of pro-
duction? Will labor and materials
be available? As far as labor is con-
cerned, I can say, with complete
confidence, that it will be. Sufficient
labor was available for an even
greater volume of construction back
in 1942, despite war conditions. In
addition, the Building and Con-
struction Trades Department and
its affiliated national and interna-
tional unions have recently taken
two steps which are designed to
increase the supply of skilled labor
and to maintain a high degree of
productivity per man.

First, we have, largely upon the
initiative of the unions, stepped
up our apprentice-training program.
On February 29 of this year, ac-
cording to the Apprentice-Training
Service of the Department of La-
bor, there were close to 3,000 Joint
Apprenticeship Committees in oper-
ation in the building and construc-
tion industry throughout the coun-
try, with about 115,999 apprentices
at work under agreements.

This number is increasing each
month. Many of the apprentices are
veterans. In order to make this
training available to veterans, a
number of the national and inter-
national building and construction
trades unions have removed any age
limit for the admission of veterans
to apprentice training. This pro-
gram is bound to have a decided
effect upon the supply of skilled
labor in the industry within the
next few years. At the same time,
it will assure the maintenance of a
high degree of skill among building
tradesmen.

We know that, for many reasons,
productivity per man was lowered
during the war years. Labor alone,
of course, does not determine pro-
ductivity.

Many factors — the supply of ma-
terials, the quality of management,
the method of contracting, the
equipment and methods used in the
work, as well as the efficiency of
labor — enter into productivity.
A\'hat we can do, and are doing, is
to plan in advance to maintain an
adequate supply of highly skilled
labor.

Secondly, we have, after months
of negotiations with the Associated
General Contractors and associa-
tions of subcontractors and special-
ty contractors, entered into an
agreement for the settlement of ju-
risdictional disputes. We anticipate,
without any doubts whatever, that
this agreement will reduce jurisdic-
tional disputes to a minimum and
will almost entirely do away Avith
stoppages of work because of such
disputes. The plan was to go into
effect May i. I am sure it will act as
an important stabilizing influence in
the industry.

Mr. John T. Dunlop, an associate
professor of economics at Harvard
University and during the war the
public member of the Wage Adjust-
ment Board for the building and
construction industry, has been se-
lected as the impartial chairman of
the Joint Board to hear disputes
and make decisions.

The question of materials cannot
be answered so readily. While the
material supply situation has eased
considerably in the past year, some
materials are still in short supply,
especially nails, gypsum products.
pipe, lumber products and plumb-
ing and heating products in which
steel and scrap are important fac-
tors. The present rate of produc-
tion, however, is expected to over-
come these shortages by the end
of the year.

It is neither the supply of labor,
then., nor of materials, which is the

THE CARPENTER

major obstacle to the construction
program. High costs constitute the
major difficulty and danger. This is
especially true of the housing por-
tion of the program, but high costs
influence non-housing projects as
well as housing projects, and public
as well as private construction. ]\Ia-
terial dealers must assume a large
share of the responsibiltiy for the
present price situation, although la-
bor is too often blamed as the sole
cause of high prices. Material prices
have increased far more rapidly
than have wages (between June,
1939, and January, 1948, union wage
rates in the industry rose 52 per
cent, according the Department of
Labor).

Building materials, according to
the Department of Labor, were at
the highest ever recorded in Janu-
ary, 194S, and there seems little
promise of significant reduction,
despite a slight drop in February.
The over-all building material in-
dex for February, 1948, compared
Avith August, 1939, Avas 214.8.

Lumber must still to a large ex-
tent be held responsible for the
greatly increased costs. In February
of this year, on the basis of August,
1939, the index for lumber stood at
337.2. Price increases such as these
cannot be borne by any industry
without an inevitable curtailment of
volume.

About half of the veterans who
want housing want to rent, not buy,
but only about 15 per cent of the
units begun in 1947 were two or
more family units, as compared
with the 1920s, when rental units
made up some 40 per cent of all
the housing built.

Of all construction, about one-
third has normally gone into public
works. In March of this year, how-
ever, public building accounted for
only about 21 per cent of total con-

struction, and there is apparently
little chance that public construc-
tion will reach its normal propor-
tions during the year.

There is, of course, a large back-
log of public works of both federal
and local governments, just as there
is of private construction of all
kinds, Some of the public works
now ready to go into construction,
while they are undoubtedly neces-
sary, can, we believe, be postponed.
The Building and Construction
Trades Department is urging, at
least for the immediate future, that
public works be planned and per-
formed on as long-range a basis as
possible, and that those projects
which can be deferred be held over
for the future, in order to channel
into private building as much as
possible of the available supply of
materials.

There are naturally certain public
works which cannot be deferred.
New housing creates demands for
increased water supply systems,
sewage disposal systems, electrical
power developments, telephone ex-
tension. These increased demands
must be met. Flood control should
not be postponed. New hospitals are
needed at once, as are many new
schools.

But there are other public works
projects which can and should be
held off. Additions to postoffices,
many other public buildings and the
building of certain roads can well
be held over.

This does not mean that we fail to
recognize and emphasize the con-
tinued need for long-range plan-
ning, not only on a national but on
a state, county and municipal basis.
Wt mean only that, to be of maxi-
mum service to the economy as a
whole, public construction should
be kept as low as possible during a
time like the present, when normal

THE CARPENTER

full employment is available on pri- works in such a situation. Long-

vate construction projects. This range planning of this kind is a

helps, too, to build up a reserve of type of job insurance we take out

projects to be undertaken when pri- Jn good times, to see us through

vate industry falls off. bad times. Like other insurance, we

Our experience with federal con- must take care of how we cash it in

struction during the depression of and save it, as far as possible, for

the 1930s showed the value of public the bad times.

Meet O. Wm. Blaier, New G.E.B. Member

Brother O. Wm. Blaier the new
member of the General Executive
Board, Second District, was born in
Wilmington, Del., on July 17,
1897.

He joined Local Union 359,
Philadelphia, on May 29, 1918
where he completed his appren-
ticeship. He was elected Finan-
cial Secretary of that Local Union
in June 1920 and held that office un-
til June 1937.

He was business representative of
the Philadelphia District Council
from 1932 to 1937 and a delegate to
the Central Body for several years.
He was a delegate to the Building
and Construction Trades Council of
Philadelphia for five years and
served as its Vice-President.

He was also a delegate to the
Pennsylvania State Council of Carpenters and the State Federation of
Labor for several years.

In May 1937 he was appointed a General Representative b}- President
Hutcheson and has filled that office ever since faithfully and well.

He was a delegate from Local Union 359, Philadelphia, Pa., to the Gen-
eral Conventions in 1924, 1936 and 1946.

He is a man of vast experience in the Labor Movement. No one under-
stands it better.

When Brother Wm. J .Kelly resigned as Board member from the
Second District in March 1948, General President Hutcheson appointed
Brother Blaier to fill that office for the unexpired term. The General
Executive Board unanimously approved this appointment and Brother
Blaier is now the member of the General Executive Board for the Second
District.

Corporations Versus Man

By JOSEPH O. O'MAHONEY U.S.8.
(Excerpts from a recent speech before tfie American Bar Association)

NEVER in the history of civilization was production more needed
than it is now — not even during the war. The winning of the fight-
ing war with all its expenditure of blood and treasure, will have
been a complete anticlimax unless we also win the peace. The peace can-
not be won without production because the war through which we have
come was a total war involving the destruction of the productive capacity
of mankind upon a scale never before approximated.

We know now that the devastated areas of the world cannot be restored
to prewar standards of production without great expenditure of time and
capital, because modern man depends no longer upon the simple handi-
crafts which were sufficient in centuries past, but upon the complex dis-
coveries and inventions of the 20th

century. Modern efforts of millions
of workers and the raw materials
of many areas must be brought into
harmonious action under expert
management. The basic organiza-
tion to make this possible is essen-
tially the work of the lawyer, for
what is needed is the overall frame-
work of law to enable all branches of
the economy to function efficiently
in freedom and unity.

The rules by which mankind has
been able to function in social units
have always been laid down by mem-
bers of this profession, and man-
kind has always reserved its highest
rewards for the lawgivers. From
the time of Moses the greatest hon-
ors that men can pay have gone to
the leaders who have had the vision
and the courage to frame the law
by which all the elements of society
could co-operate to the best advan-
tage of the greatest number in the
business of daily living.

Since I am a lawyer I may be
forgiven for saying to a group of
my own profession that the modern

lawyer has failed as yet to provide
the rule of order the modern world
requires. Within the past 40 years,
the scientist and the engineer have
given us a wholly new world, but
the lawyer has lagged behind. He
fills our legislative assemblies, both
state and national, just as he filled
the Constitution Convention in 1787,
but he has not yet devised the rule
of order whereby the complex parts
of the modern economic machine
may be geared together to serve the
welfare of men. Not since the Fed-
eral Constitution itself was drafted
have the lawyers of any generation
had a greater opportunity than we
have now to provide the legal sys-
tem within which the whole modern
world may operate to advance the
freedom and the standard of living
of all.

Every American lawyer is loyal
to the Federal Constitution and to
the principles of human liberty up-
on which it was based. Every law-
yer knows that when that instru-
ment was signed and submitted to

THE CARPENTER

the people of the states for ratifica-
tion, a great fear arose that the new
central government might become
so powerful as to encroach upon the
liberty of the people, and because
of this fear the Constitution was
ratified only upon condition that a
Bill of Rights should be adopted
to make it perfectly clear that the
new government would be an in-
strument to serve the people but not
to rule them. Every lawyer knows
that the civil liberties of the indi-
vidual in his economic and political
life constitute the basis of our sys-
tem of government. It is personal
liberty that is now threatened every-
where.

If I were to ask an}^ law3^er at
this convention the question:

"Is man made for the state or is
the state made for man?" the answer
would be unanimous — the state is
made for man and is his servant,
not his master.

If, however, I were to ask another
question:

"Is man made for the economic
system or is the system made for
man?" The answer would neither be
so clear nor so prompt, because the
truth is, there are many lawyers, as
there are many businessmen, who,
if they do not actually believe that
man was made to serve the econo-
mic system, sometimes talk and act
as if they did.

A curious error has crept into our
thinking as lawyers. We have failed
to differentiate between the natural
person, man, and the artificial per-
son, the corporation. We go about
our daily business in our law offices
and in our legislative offices con-
fusing the rights of the corporation
with the rights of man. The con-
sequence is that the modern cor-

poration, in some instances, has be-
come more powerful even than the

state.

The task of the lawyer in the
current political and economic crisis
is to produce the rule of order
which, in the modern world will
preserve the benefits of corporate
organization — and they have been
very great — while at the same time
making certain that it shall not be-
come the master of the people. AVe
must begin b}^ recognizing the in-
disputable fact that the modern cor-
poration comes into existence solely
by reason of a grant from govern-
ment. The corporation has no life
except that which it obtains from
some state, and since the state is the
servant of society and derives its
powers "by consent of the gov-
erned," so also must the corpora-
tion be content to be the servant of
the people who are the authors of
government itself.

Can there be any doubt that the
modern corporation has become
more powerful, economically speak-
ing at least, than the states which
have brought it into existence?

The American Telephone and
Telegraph Company employs 704.-
381 individuals. Its stockholders al-
so number 700,000. On the basis of
the number of employees alone, it
is an economic unit with a popula-
tion greater than that of each of 12
states in the Federal Union. On
the score of assets, however, there
are only six states within whose
borders the total assessed valuation
of all real and personal property is
greater than the $7,381 billion at
which A. T. and T. fixes the value
of its assets. Stated in another way,
all the property in each of 42 states
is assessed at less than the asset
value of A. T. and T.

THE CARPENTER

But the telephone company is a
natural monopoly and must serve
the whole country, so it is only to
be expected that it would rank high
even in comparison with the states.
Let us, however, take a corporation
which is not a natural monopoly,
like United States Steel or General
Motors. The asset value of United
States Steel exceeds $2 billion, and
that of General Motors is almost $2
billion. There are only 21 sovereign
states which outrank either United
States Steel or General Motors in
wealth. Here again more than half
of all the states rank below either
United States Steel or General Mo-
tors in the assessed value of their
property.

It may be conceded that in many
states, if not in 'most, property, both
real and personal, is not assessed
at full value. The moral, however,
remains the same. The economic
power of these units is unquestion-
ably greater by far than that of
most of the states and cities in which
the people attempt to govern them-
selves and make their living.

It is in the impact of the modern
corporate organization upon the
ability of men to make their living
that the principal modern problems
of government and economics arise.
No one will more readily acknow-
ledge than I that the modern cor-
poration is an essential unit in mo-
dern society. Indeed, I go further.
The modern industrial corporation
is the characteristic economic insti-
tution of our time. But because as
lawyers we liave failed to provide
the rule of economic order within
which it shall serve the people, it
is now concerned primarily in serv-
ing itself first, and therein lies the
heart of all modern turbulence and
disorder. People make and unmake

governments in order to live. Eco-
nomic systems are not immune.

Let us refer again to United
States Steel as an example of cor-
porate power. We all know how
that production is being restrained
because we do not have enough steel.
We know that the fiscal managers
of United States Steel recently
raised prices. We know that even
General Motors has curtailed the
production of automobiles in the
Cadillac, Pontiac and Chevrolet fac-
tories for lack of steel. We know
a score of industries scattered across
the entire face of the country, in-
cluding the oil industry, are unable
to get the steel they want. And so
we have posed two conflicting ob-
jectives— the objective of the people
who want more steel, and the objec-
tive of the fiscal managers of the
corporation who want more profit.
The people, the business and the
industries which want more steel
have no recourse because an exceed-
ingly small group of corporations.
United States Steel and nine other
companies, account for 88 per cent
of all the capital investment in steel
producing facilities in the countr3^

Four of these corporations on
January i, 1945, held almost 6^ per
cent of the total American steel in-
got producing capacity. Thus the
managers of concentrated steel own-
ership can tell our whole society
how much of this basic commodity
we may have. Surely it is clear that
the very existence of such a power
to control a commodity so essential
to our whole structure, demon-
strates the need of new adjustment
between the people and the eco-
nomic organizations that were cre-
ated to serve them.

Now as lawyers we know that a
great industrial corporation like any

THE CARPENTER

of these steel companies depends
wholly upon two grants of privileg-
es from the governments of the
people. They depend in the first
instance upon the grant of the cor-
porate charter which brought them
into existence. In the second place,
they depend upon the grant of pat-
ent rights made by the people's gov-
ernment under the authority of the
Constitution of the United States.

What consideration should they
offer in return for these essential
favors they have received at the
hands of the people? Certainly they
should produce at a price that will
help to expand the economy. And
certainly the country sadly needs a
system that will permit such expan-
sion.

I do not say that the managers of
the giant corporations do not recog-
nize their social responsibility, but
I do say that because of the con-
fused thinking of which I have spok-
en, by which the rights of man are
mistaken to be the rights of the
corporation, the modern American
corporation and its legal advisers
are failing to realize the supreme
necessity of our time for a law
which will gear our great industrial
and commercial organizations into
the economic system that will serve
the needs of the people in the new
age of science and technology. . , .

The failure to lay down this rule
of social responsibility, the failure
to draft the frame of harmony with-
in which modern economic organi-
zations must work, like the state,
for the benefit of the people, is the
cause of the agitation for the est-
ablishment of totalitarian political
power. It is the cause of the appear-
ance of the national labor union.
It is the cause for the demand, when-

ever it comes, for broader powers in
government.

Thus it has become clear, if only
we are willing to take ofif the blind-
ers of our daily habits of thought,
that the modern corporation for
lack of a rule of economic order
has gained control over the mater-
ials by which men live, and is able
to hand them out or shut them off
as the managers of the corporation
desire.

Many of you gentlemen gathered
here today know much about the oil
business. Many of you have ap-
peared at committee meetings of
the Senate at which I also was pre-
sent. Many of you no doubt have
heard me praise the petroleum in-
dustry for the manner in which it
co-operated with the government to
produce the oil that was necessary
to win the war. I am ready to re-
peat those compliments anywhere.
The patriotism of the executives of
the oil industry, and the patriotism
of the executives of every other
American industry is not to be
questioned. \\^hat is lacking is a
comprehension of the basic fact that
the modern economy bequeathed to
us by the engineers and the scien-
tists is an economy of organization,
for which we as lawyers have not
provided the necessary frame of har-
mony.

Let us look at the facts with re-
spect to petroleum, just as we have
looked at the facts with respect to
steel. There has been such a concen-
tration of ownership of the oil re-
serve of the world that a few com-
panies now have the power to turn
on or off the flow of oil that both
the people and their government
need, and the power to state at what
price the people may obtain that oil.

(continued on page 31)

Editorial

Be A One-Man Committee

If there is any department in which organized labor has been particu-
larly weak, that department is public relations. During the past ten years,
organized labor has grown faster and accomplished more than in any
comparable ten-year period in history. Yet today there is more antip-
athy toward labor on the part of the general public than there has been
since the turn of the century. Why should this be?

Largely it is because labor has failed to do a public relations job. Pro-
fessional labor knockers such as Pegler and Lawrence and Fulton Lewis,
Jr., have hammered away at labor day in and out, and undoubtedly their
tirades against unionism have had some effect in molding public opinion.
However, a lot of honest, sincere newspapermen and radio commentators
who recognize labor as the constructive social force it is, have done even
more to alienate public favor from organized labor. And they' have done it
unwittingly and unknowingly, simply because they have been ignorant
concerning the labor movement and how it is constituted.

Their chief sin is that they have failed to differentiate between good
unionism and bad. There are close to sixteen million men and women
in the labor movement. They belong to several hundred national and inter-
national organizations. As in every other human institution there is good
leadership and bad in organized labor. No one can deny that in the last ten
or twelve years bad leadership in some of the crackpot fringe CIO unions
has created all sorts of unnecessary disturbances. But their antics have
worried the stable, constructive elements in labor (which constitute 95%)
more than anyone else. Yet many respectable, fair-minded editors and
publications have made no distinction between the two; for the transges-
sions of the wild-eyed few they have tarred all labor with the same brush
of condemnation. Over the years, this sort of thing has had its effect.

There are Communist-minded leaders at the head of a few fringe
unions; but there are also Communist-minded publishers at the head of
a few newspapers. To condemn the entire press because a few papers are
in the hands of nincompoops would be as illogical as it is for the press
to condemn all labor for the transgressions of a small minority. Yet year
in and year out, the hundreds of stable, constructive unions have suffered
because of the shortcomings of the irresponsible few. The general tend-
ency in both radio and press has been to play up items which discredit
labor and play down those which reflect credit. Too often (editorials on
labor matters have been written by writers whose knowledge of labor has
been very sketchy at best. Down the years, labor publicity has been
pretty consistently bad — nine times out of ten without any provocation.

Under the circumstances, it is no wonder labor has many enemies and
few friends. Yet what can be done to remedy the circumstances? Labor

THECARPENTER 25

has no money to spend for gigantic advertising programs or appeals for
public opinion. In fact all organized labor has is its own enthusiasm and
self-respect. But perhaps these are enough. If we can communicate them
to our friends and neighbors perhaps we can accomplish more than all
the advertising campaigns and publicity campaigns money can buy. If
each of us appoints himself a one man committee to get the facts before
the people he comes in contact with, the union point of view may domin-
ate the nation in a very short while. On the street cars and busses, in lodge
halls and meeting places, in restaurants and bars, in fact wherever the
general public congregates, there is always anti-union talk going on. In-
variably the speaker poses as an authority. Just as invariably he knows
nothing about labor. Ask him where he gets his data and immediately
you have him behind the eight ball. It is time we shut him up. The way to
shut him up is to ask him for facts and figures rather than opinions. The
next time you hear one of these orators spouting off about strikers, ask
him how much time was lost by strikers last year. Fifty to one he will
not know. The next time you hear him cussing unions because commodi-
ty prices are high, ask him how much profit industry made last year and
how last year's profits compared with pre-war years. He will not know
the answer to that one either. Roughly, one-half of one per cent of total
working time was lost through strikes last year. Industry profits topped
seventeen billion dollars — a figure that is almost three time higher than
the figure for any of the immediate pre-war years.

If each of us will appoint himself a one man committee to straighten
out friends and neighbors who may have misconceptions about organized
labor we can do the kind of public relations job the labor movement
desperately needs.

The Labor Vote "Myth" Is No Myth

Organized labor continues to come through at the ballot box. Last
month the organized working people of Iowa and Florida served notice
on all politicians that, the propaganda that the labor vote is a "myth" is
in itself a myth. By comfortable majorities, the workers of the two states
defeated men who made no bones about their opposition to unionism.

Iowa is one of the chief agricultural states in the union. Of late years
it has attracted considerable manufacturing to its major cities, but by
and large it still remains preponderately agricultural. Despite this fact,
several candidates with anti-labor sentiments were decisively voted out
of office in the primaries held early last month. With the support of
most unions, Williams Beardsley was nominated for governor on the Re-
publican ticket. Opposing him was incumbent Robert Blue. Blue had the
backing and blessing of a powerful state machine. He thought it would
be popular to go all out against organized labor and he proceeded to do so.
For his pains he received the worst drubbing any politician received in
Iowa in recent years.

Another Iowa politician unsympathetic toward labor also took a de-
cisive licking in the primaries. In the Third Iowa Congressional District,
organized labor went after the scalp of Congressman Gwynne whose four-

26 THECAKPEXTER

teen year old labor record in the House is almost ioo';"c bad. Probablv
his worst performance was his effort to get the \\'age-Hour Act changed
so that unscrupulous employers could violate the Act with relative im-
punity, and avoid payment of wage claims through a stringent statute of
limitations. In any event, labor bucked the renomination of Gwynne.
When the ballots were tabulated it was found that Gwynne was literally
snowed under by H. R. Gross, a former radio broadcaster.

In Florida, labor again trounced Tom Watson, former Attorney General
of :he state who spent much of his campaign crusading against unionism
and the union shop. After being thoroughly beaten in his bid for nomina-
tion as governor, the idea of separating himself from the public payroll be-
came obnoxious and he nled for justice of the State Supreme Court. With
labor pretty much caught off guard, he almost made it in the first primary.
But in the runoff with T. Frank Hobson he did not even come close.

Iowa and Florida have shovrn what organized labor can do when it
mobilizes its political strength. Gwynne. Blue and Watson can now testif)''
from first hand knowledge that the "'abor -.'ote''' is no m3^th. They chose to
harpoon labor at every opportunity.- and they are now out of office talking
to themselves.

That organized labor must change the complexion of the present Con-
gress and many state legislatures should be clear by now to every worker
and every wage earner in the nation. Iowa and Florida have shown w^hat
can be done. It is up to workers in each of the forty-eight states to see
that a real housecleaning job is done in November.

•

He Has a Job Right at Home

Last month a Xew York attorney named Iserman got himself consid-
erable publicity by recommending to Congress a drastic revision of the
Taft-Hartley Act. Mr. Iserman seem.s to think the Act is too complicated.
The remedy he proposes is simple; let the law be revised to curb union
shop, industry-v.ide bargaining, pension plans, and. of course, strikes. He
did not recommend abolition of union meetings by law but that might
merely have been an oversight.

Who this rr.an Iserman is. we do not knovr. However, in all probability
he does not know us either; so we start out even. But we do recognize
what Mr. Iserman sa^'s as typical of the thinking of a large number of
intelligent professional people. They are the doctors and dentists and

law^'ers who say: *"Of course I'm for labor, BUT Following the

"but" there is usualh* a long list of qualifications until, like the famous
''Alister Hinnissey" each would like to see unions with no dues, no de-
m.ar. is, r.: meetings, and darn few members. At the same time these pro-
fess::: a. ar: ir abor experts belong to professional associations which
have :'. :std -..a arrar_gements which make any union contracts we have
ever see:: str: ::'.;■ aaaateurish.

The doctor who beats his breast over the fact a worker is sometimes
required to pay dues, because a majority of his fellow workers want it that
way, belongs to an association that controls the medical profession from
A to Z The young man just out of medical school joins the association

T II E C A R P E X T E R 27

or he plays Ned trying- to get started. The association promotes fee
schedules, promotes standards for prospective candidate's to the profes-
sion, and otherwise works to keep the profession a closed corporation.

Lawyers and dentists and other professional men belong- to similar
groups. Last month a fig-ht developed in Pennsylvania because a g-roup of
lawyers in a rich community had a working- arrangement for keeping- out
other lawyers who were trying- to horn in on the lucrative business. They
did not call their arrangement a closed shop but it was more closed shop
than any union agreement ever written.

Let's go even farther. Let's take a look at business. The directors
of General ^vlotors probably have no use for the union shop. Yet what
happens when a man takes on a franchise to sell Pontiacs? Does General
Motors permit him to sell Studebakers too if he wants to? Certainly not.
He deals exclusively with the Pontiac Division of General Motors or he
soon loses his dealership. If that is not closed shop, what is it? General
Motors does not worry about the fact that the dealer might be able to
make more money by selling Studebakers as well as Pontiacs. He deals
exclusively with Pontiac or out he goes.

And so it goes all the way down the line. There is a closed shop
arrangement in every business and profession. While professional men or
business men indulge in it, it is perfectly all right; but the minute work-
ing people want the same thing it immediately becomes coercive, un-
American, and unconstitutional. The doctor, lawyer and business man
lose no time in demanding passage of a measure to outlaw such effrontry
on the part of labor.

Probably if someone suggested to ]\Ir. Iserman that a law should be
passed to make illegal closed shop arrangements in medicine or law or
business he would be appalled. However, he is ver^-- vociferous in his
demands that closed shop arrangement be prohibited to carpenters and
bricklayers and electricians and teamsters. Until Mr. Iserman changes the
Bar Association to the point where an attorney can belong or not belong,
can charge fees of his own choosing, can get his son or friend into the
profession without fulfilling requirements promoted by the Bar Associa-
tion, he has a big job right in his own bailiwick. After he has accom-
plished that is time enough for him to start recommending restrictions on
labor.

Yesterday's Heritage Is Today's Pottage

If there were some way of compiling the figures, it would be inter-
esting to know how many men in the histor}^ of the world died to establish
the right of every citizen to vote. The number would probably run into
many, many millions. Yet today millions of Americans each election fail
to utilize the ballot which was bought so dearly by their forefathers.
Somehow or other it seems inconceivable, but unfortunately it is the truth.
It is also the truth that in those nations where voters have been negligent
the}- eventually lost the right to vote. Italy and Germany under Benito
and Adolph are but two recent examples. Certainly the moral is too
obvious to require any further comment.

A step is made toward

Relief For The Disabled

• •

MOXTHLY benefits to workers deprived of earning power because
of permanent and total disability have been recommended to the
Senate Committee on Finance in the second of a series of reports
prepared b}' the Advisory Council on Social Security.

Protection against the risk of permanent and total disabilit}", the
Council points out, is one of the most urgent economJc needs of American
workers. Fev.- workers, the Council said, can save enough to support them-
selves and their families during a long period of total disablement — a
period which ma}" last for the rest of the v.orker's life.

Monthly benefits, according to the
recommendations, would be paid
under the Social Security Act's old-
age and survivors insurance pro-
gram when a person covered by the
program becomes permanently and
totally disabled, just as benefits are
now paid to insured workers in old
age.

Headed by Edvv-ard R. Stettinius,
Jr., the Advisory Council is com-
posed of 17 prominent citizens
named 'oy the Senate Committee last
fall. In presenting its report on
disability insurance to Chairman
Eugene D. Millikin of the Senate
Committee on Finance, the Council
pointed to the close relationship be-
t«-een this report and its 22-point
program presented in April for ex-
panding and modernizing the old-
age and survivors insurance system.
That program looks to the exten-
sion of coverage to practically all
■^-orkers and to average benefits at
more than twice the present levels.
Today's proposals, the Council stat-
ed, round out the measures neces-
sary to give old-age, survivors, and
disability insurance protection to
practically all persons in the coun-
trv who are g-ainfullv occupied.

The economic consequences of
total disability are frequentl}" even
more serious than retirement or
death, the Council said. The prob-
lem of the disabled younger w^ork-
er is particularh^ difiicult. since he
is likely to have young children and
not to have had an opportunity to
acquire any significant savings."

Stressing its belief in contribu-
tory social insurance rather than
public assistance as the most sat-
isfactory long-range method of

achieving social security, the Coun-
cil said that the disabled person
should not have to be virtually des-
titute before he can become eligible
for benefits. ''Certainly there is as .
great a need to protect the re-
sources, the self-reliance, dignity,
and self-respect of disabled work-
ers as of any other group.""

Few of the Nation's workers now
have any protection against perma-
nent and total disability, according]
to the Council. There is protection
for railroad workers, some Federal,
State, and local government em-
ployees; and veterans; and a small
number of persons have purchased
disability protection from private

THE CARPENTER

insurance companies. State work-
men's compensation acts provide
compensation for disabilities which
are the result of a man's employ-
ment. More than 95 per cent of all
total disabilities, the report points
out, however, result from causes not
connected with the worker's em-
ployment. Most workers who be-
come disabled now have to rely on
relief.

Difficulties in extending social
insurance to cover permanent and
total disability were admitted by
the Council. Because of these diffi-
culties, the recommendations are for
what is described as a ''highly cir-
cumscribed program" which will
permit the development of adminis-
trative experience under relatively
favorable conditions. Stating it was
impressed with the seriousness of
the problem of permanent and total
disability and that experience to
guide the administration of dis-
ability insurance is available from
workmen's compensation, commer-
cial insurance, the various special
disability programs in this country,
and from foreign systems, the
Council said that the time had come
to extend the social insurance sys-
tem to afford protection against
disability.

Costs of the recommended pro-
gram are expected to be very low.
About i/io to J of I per cent of
payroll would cover the "level-
premium" costs of the proposed
benefits, and even smaller amounts
would be required in the early
years. Level costs of the old-age
and survivors insurance recommend-
ed by the Council in its earlier re-
port range from 5 to 7 per cent of
payroll.

Major points in the recommended
permanent total disability insurance
program are:
I. Disability protection to "insur-

ed" workers who have 10 years
or more of work in jobs covered
by the law and who also have
had employment in at least one-
half the time after 1948 and be-
fore becoming disabled and also
half the time within the period
immediately before the disabil-
ity begins.

2. To receive benefits, an insured
person must be "permanently
and totally" disabled for more
than 6 consecutive months. His
disability must be one which
can be medically proved by ob-
jective tests and which is likely
to last for a long and indefinite
time.

3. Monthly benefits to the worker
equal to the ameunt he would
receive if he were entitled to a
retirement benefit under the old-
age insurance part of the law.
No benefits for dependents
would be provided.

4. Preservation of the disabled per-
son's rights to full old-age and
survivorship protection so that
he and his dependents could not
lose this protection, as now
sometimes happens when a work-
er becomes disabled.

5. Rehabilitation of beneficiaries if
that service will help them to re-
turn to gainful work.

6. Benefits to be stopped if the dis-
abled persons recovers, refuses
to accept rehabilitation services
or refuses to undergo periodic
medical examinations to prove
that he is still disabled.

No benefits should be paid, the
Council recommended, during any
period for which compensation is
payable under a workmen's compen-
sation law. The Council's program
is not intended to duplicate the pro-
tection aft'orded by workmen's com-
pensation or to interfere with the
development of such programs.

30 THECARPEXTER

The recommended benefits are not month waiting- period recommended

intended to cover disability which by the Council is certain to work

is temporary or which at the end an unnecessary hardship in forty-

of six months shows definite signs nine out of fifty cases of total dis-

of probable recovery. Cases eligible ability. Too. the Council's recom-

for payment would be of long-term mendations make no provisions for

chronic nature making- a worker in- dependents. A disabled single man

capable of self-support. would get the same benefits as a

Therein lies the chief v^-eakness disabled married man with several

of the program. Few, if any, work- children. Furthermore, payment

ers can finance themseh'es for a six- schedules are not very realistic in

month period while waiting for dis- light of today's prices. Disability

ability benefits to begin. A man who insurance is a humane and desirable

loses his eyesight is as blind six social step forward; but it should

da}^s after his sight goes as he is be broad enough to meet the needs

six months later. The arbitrarv six- of the times.

1948 Headed For New Highs

Net income of 297 industrial manufacturers for the first quarter of 1948
"was 26 per cent above the comparable period last year, according to a sur-
vey conducted by the New York Times.

^Meanwhile, the latest figures on the cost of living released by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics show a continued rise. The consumers' price
index for April was 8. 4 per cent higher than a year ago: 27 per cent over
June. 1946, and 71.7 per cent above the level of August, 1939.

The Times reported net income of $895,132,357 for the 297 industrial
firms on the basis of their official earnings statements. This compared
very favorably with the $709,651.80 earned in the first three months of 1947.

The newspaper account cited the continued heav^* demand and higher
prices as the principal factors for the good earnings reported. Prime ex-
ample of this was seen in the petroleum industry where several companies
reported record profits for the first three months of 1948.

The Times survey showed that the combined net income of 20 oil
concerns totaled $241,326,500, exceeding the March, 1947, quarter by 109
per cent.

The report declared that the large foreign aid program and heav}^
expenditures for national defense would be sustaining factors for a period
of "relatively good earnings in certain industries."

The March output of manufactured goods amounted to 198 per cent,
compared with 197 per cent for February and January, based on the Fed-
eral Reserve Board's yardstick of factory output, taking 1935-39 ^s 100.
It was only 2 per cent belovr the post-war peak reached last October, but
1.5 per cent above the March rate, last year.

Manufacturers' sales also were higher during March, reaching an esti-
mated Si8,200,ooo,ooo for a gain of $2,200,000,000 over February. Month-
end inventories were carried at a book value of $28,900,000,000 against
$28,800,000,000 a month earlier. Inventories of durable and nondurable
goods industries at some $13,600,000,000 and $15,300,000,000, respectively.
advanced about $100,000,000.

THE CARPENTER

Corporations vs. Men

(continued from page 23)

The armed services of this country
still lack commitments from the
oil industry for the delivery of oil
that is necessary to maintain our
fleet, our army, and our air force,
even for the balance of this year.
This. I understand, is largely a ques-
tion of price. Let us not forget that
if the power to tax is the power to
destroy, the power to fix prices is
likewise the power to destroy.
When concentrated economic power
fixes prices to serve its own pur-
poses without public responsibility,
it undermines the very foundations
of society, "The man who writes
the price tag," Robert Wood John-
son, the industrialist, tells us, "con-
trols the throttle of business." . . .

Our petroleum reserves are esti-
mated at 20.8 billion barrels. The
major companies now own 8i per
cent of the reserves which are great-
er by 4 million barrels than the re-
serves of which they owned 65 per
cent nine years ago. That, gentle-
men, is the progress of concentra-
tion of ownership of a natural re-
source without which our standard
of living and of business would be
impossible.

But the story is not yet told.
There are great reserves in Latin
America and across the sea in the
Near East. In Iran, Iraq, and Saudi
Arabia there is a greater total prov-
en reserve than here at home, and
a half dozen corporations control
these reserves also.

Let there be no misunderstanding.
These reserves, so essential to the
progress of the world, would not
be known if it weren't for the oil
corporation, i t s management, i t s
scientific staff, its trained techni-
cians, and its workers. All credit
goes to them, and as an American

I am proud of the fact that the dis-
covery and the development of these
reserves is primarily an achievement
of American resourcefulness and
skill. It remains true, however, that
the petroleum situation in the Near
East demonstrates beyond any pos-
sibility of contradiction that the
modern oil corporation has taken
on the function and power of gov-
ernment itself. It is hard to draw
the line where one begins and the
other ends. . . .

Spokesmen for the modern Amer-
ican corporation sometimes delude
themselves into the belief that it is
a thoroughly democratic organiza-
tion. Just a few months ago during
the Telephone Hour on the NBC
radio program, the commercial an-
nouncement, written for and doubt-
less approved by A. T. and T., point-
ed with pride to the fact I have al-
ready mentioned, that the number
of its stockholders approximate
700,000 :

"In that great crowd of stock-
holders," the announcer purred,
"you'd see school teachers and nur-
ses, bakers and grocers, farmers,
housewives, bankers, salesmen, and
many others ; more than one-half of
them would be women. You'd see
citizens from every state in the
Union — from Maine and Oregon,
Illinois, and Texas, Maryland and
North Dakota. Five states have
more than 50,000 stockholders each.
Twenty-six states nave more than
5,000, and no state has fewer than
500."

All this is true, but the signifi-
cance is all contained in the next
sentence. I quote :

"More than 650,000 of these stock-
holders have less than 100 shares
each, and no one of them holds as
much as one-half of i per cent of
the total stock."

THE CARPENTER

This is characteristic of the giant
corporate organizations which carry
on the interstate and foreign com-
merce of this country. It is true of
Standard of New Jersey. It is true
of General Motors. It is true of
United States Steel. The average
stockholdings are small, but if we
were to determine the median own-
ership instead of the average, we
would find a much more remarkable
situation. The average holding of
the Standard of New Jersey is only
167 shares, but one-half of the 164,-
000 stockholders own less than 30
shares each. The average holdings
of United States Steel is only 51
shares, but one-half of the 243,674
stockholders own less than 14
shares each.

This makes it clear how it is
that in the modern corporation own-
ership and management have been
completely separate i. Far from hav-
ing a typically American institu-
tion, we have an institution the very
nature of which requires a planned
economy in the formulation of
which neither the stockholders nor
the people of the United States have
any effective participation.

The corporations employ mil-
lions. General Motors alone has
300,000 employees ; United States
Steel, 266,000; Bethlehem Steel,
143,000; General Electric 143,000 —
more workers than there are people
in most cities and in many states.
These are people without economic
freedom because in the first place
they lack the tools, with which to
support themselves, and, in the sec-
ond place, they exercise no influ-
ence in determining the economic
policy to which they must submit.
Whatever we think about it, how-
ever we may feel about it, in this
crisis of civilization when the whole

world seems to be trembling upon
the very brink of chaos, we must re-
member the solemn fact that the
proletariat is nothing more nor less
than a population without economic
freedom.

When the American Constitution
was written and the Bill of Rights
passed, the lawyers of America be-
lieved that they were establishing
what Abraham Lincoln at Gettys-
burg called a government "of,"
"by," and "for the people." During
the whole first 80 years of the exist-
ence of this Republic every presi-
dent at one time or another referred
to this government as an experi-
ment, because never before had
there existed upon earth a govern-
ment in which the people had made
themselves the masters.

Now we are facing the crisis
early statesmen had in mind when
they referred to our government as
an experiment. They were fearful
that the time might come when for
one reason or another the people
would in fact lose control and the
government pass into the hands of
some group, or class, or man. . . .

We must draft a national law to J
define the powers, the duties and re-
sponsibilities of all economic organ-
izations. Failure to do it will mean J
only continued conflict between ■
management and labor, and a grow-
ing demand for government action
which can end only in disaster for
the American system. ...

If capitalism would save itself it
must first help to save democracy.
The writing of the rule by which
this can be achieved is the task of
the modern lawyer if he would take
a place of honor in the memory of
his countrymen with the framers of
the Constitution.

Official Information

General Offioi'rs of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of ( ARPENTERS and JOES'ERS

of AMERICA

General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General President

WM. L. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First General Vice-President

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Secretary

FRANK DUFFY

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Second General Vice-President

JOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Treasurer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Executive Board

First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Second District, O. WM. BLAIER
933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.

Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.

Sixth District. A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.

Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

WM. L. HUTCHESON, Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary

All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary

Notice to Recording Secretaries

The quarterly circular for the months of July, August and September,
ig48, containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to all Local
Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in receipt
of this circular should notify Frank Duffy, Carpenters' Building, Indian-
apolis, Indiana.

SPECIAL. NOTICE

A check of the records at the General Office shows that some Local
Unions and District Councils are not awarding a Certificate of Journeyman-
ship to apprentices who have completed their prescribed training. The
Twenty-fourth General Convention decreed that each apprentice fulfilling
all the qualifications of apprenticeship training should be awarded such a
certificate upon assuming the status of a journeyman. Application for such
a certificate should be made to the General Office whenever an apprentice is
ready for transfer into the journeyman classification. (See Section 4 2 of
the General Constitution.)

2461 Cleveland, Tenn.

2462 Las Vegas, N. Mex.
2482 Grayburg, Texas

2464 Ishpeming, Mich.
2604 Erwin, Tenn.

2465 Wilmar, Minn.
2467 Florence, Colo.

NEAV CHARTERS ISSUED

2468 Eugene, Ore.

2469 SwiftCurrent,SaslJ.,Can.

2470 TuUahoma. Tenn.
2641 M^ple Creek, Calif.

2471 Lake Andes, S. D.
2649 Rlggins, Ida.

2472 Savannah, Ga.

2473 Bristol. Tenn.-Va.

2474 Trail. B. C, Can.

2475 Hillside, N. J.

2476 Grand Rapids. Minn.
2642 Tuolumne, Calif.
2678 Camden. Ark.

2478 Hollister, Calif.

Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,

Not dead, just gone before; And will forever more

%t&i in ^tatt

The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.

Brother JACOB ANDERSON, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother SAM BASCHIN, Local No. 1513, Detroit, Mich.
Brother WESLEY E. BASORE, Local No. 651, Jackson, Mich.
Brother HARRY L. BEARD, Local No. 1489, Burlington, N. J.
Brother EUGENE BUCKLEY, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother VITORRIO CARDUCCL Local No. 2236, New York, N. Y.
Brother CHARLES DIEZEL, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.
Brother WM. O. DONNELL, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother CHARLES EISENHART, SR., Local No. 261, Scranton, Pa.
Brother JESSE W. FISH, Local No. 2067, Medford, Ore.
Brother JOHN FLETCHER, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother BEN FREDRICKSON, Local No. 2236, New York, N. Y.
Brother BEN GARBER, Local No. 1513, Detroit, Mich.
Brother LUDWIG HABLE, Local No. 419, Chicago ,111.
Brother A. J. JOHNSON, Local No. 1922, Chicago, 111.
Brother D. L. KAUFFMAN, Local No. 288, Homestead, Pa.
Brother HENRY KIRSCHNER, Local No. 1365, Cleveland, Ohio
Brother ROBERT KLIGMAN, Local No. 1513, Detroit, Mich.
Brother DAVID LAUKKAUEN, Local No. 2236, New York, N. Y.
Brother CARL LINDQUIST, Local No. 2236, New York, N. Y.
Brother WILLIAM L. LYONS, Local No. 1765, Orlando, Fla.
Brother GUIDO MANUCCI, Local No. 1050, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother FRED L. McNALL, Local No. 1335, Wilmington, Cal.
Brother DOMENICK MISANTONE, Local No. 1050, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother CHARLES H. MOORE, Local No. 1489, Burlington, N. J.
Brother PETER OYPT, Local No. 1922, Chicago, 111.
Brother HENRY PETERSON, Local No. 1922, Chicago, 111.
Brother AMBROSE PFEIFFER, Local No. 261, Scranton, Pa.
Brother MICHAEL PIENTA, Local No. 261, Scranton, Pa.
Brother JAMES PINCH, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother THOMAS H. PIPER, Local No. 288, Homestead, Pa.
Brother CHARLES L. PITCHER, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.
Brother GEORGE QUICK, Local No. 2236, New York, N. Y.
Brother C. A. RICKERD, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn.
Brother AUGUST SALO, Local No. 2236, New York, N. Y.
Brother JOSEPH SCHNELL, Local No. 1209, Newark, N. J.
Brother JACOB SCHOESCHE, Local No. 261, Scranton, Pa.
Brother C. M. SCOTT, Local No. 201, Wichita, Kan.
Brother SAM SELIGSON, Local No. 1513, Detroit, Mich.
Brother JAMES SMITH, Local No. 612, Union Hill, N. J.
Brother COLOGERO SOLDANO, Local No. 2236, New York, N. Y.
Brother JASPER C. STIMSON, Local No. 1513, Detroit, Mich.
Brother ARCHIE D. STORM, Local No. 651, Jackson, Mich.
Brother SAMUEL N. STROOP, Local No. 288, Homestead, Pa.
Brother E. E. TOWNE, Local No. 1449, Lansing, Mich.
Brother ERNEST WERBKAY, Local No. 298, New York, N. Y.
Brother JOHN SCOTT WILEY, Local No. 44, Urbana, IlL
Brother J. A. WILLMORE, Local No. 345, Memphis, Tenn,
Brother GEORGE WITT, Local No. 1922, Chicago, 111.

CorrospondoncQ

nii

This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.

AVALLA WALLA WORKS EL\RD OX APPREXTICESHIP

The Walla Walla, Washington, Area Carpenters' Joint Apprenticeship Committee
held its first Apprenticeship Banquet on March 17, 1948, at which time two new
journeymen, Paul Good and Forrest Mcintosh, received their Certificates of Com-
pletion. The banquet was well attended. Some seventy-five members of Local
Union No. 1214, employers and guests were on hand for the ceremonies. It was
the culmination of a lot of hard work on the part of the Union, the employers and
government officials. Walla Walla Local No. 1214 has had only one goal in mind
— the building of skilled craftsmen and better citizens through careful and com-
petent training, the maintaining of the proper ratio between journeymen and
apprentices, and general advancement of the trade of carpentry.

Added significance was given to the banquet by the presentation of Certificates
of Meritorious Service to committee members Secretary Alex G. Weber, John Cun-
ningham, and E. L. (Tex) Walters and employer members Dave Mcintosh, H. E.
Gross and Gordon Gilmore by the Western Washington Apprentice Council, the
first presentations of their kind in the state. Through the efforts of Local 1214,
the Walla Walla High School and the Bureau of Apprenticeship, a pre-apprentice-
ship class has been started in the high school. It is the hope of the Union that this
course will prove of value to many young men looking toward the trade as a
career.

It is the sincere hope of the officers and members of Local Union No. 1214
that the result of its emphasis on apprenticeship will eventually pay big dividends
to the community, the nation and the United Brotherhood of Carpenters.

♦

PHELADELPHIA LOCALS SPONSOR JOINT ANXrVERSARY PARTY

Local Unions 443 and 1823 of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Join-
ers of America, celebrated their 10th anniversary with a gala dinner, show and
dance on April 2, 19 48, at the Broadwood Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa.

The almost overflow crowd of 500 people that congregated was signally hon-
ored by the presence of General Executive Board Member O. William Blaier, who
presided as Toastmaster.

James L. McDevitt, President of the Pennsylvania Federation of Labor, gave
one of his usual sterling addresses and counseled all present on the vital necessity
of defeating all Anti-Labor Legislators at the forthcoming elections.

Joseph A. McDonough, Business Manager of the Philadelphia Central Labor
Union, addressed the gathering on the local level regarding municipal affairs in
Philadelphia.

Included among the distinguished guests were the following: Joseph F. Burke.
President of the Philadelphia Building Trades; William A. Kendrick and Theodore
P. O'Keefe of the Pennsylvania State Council; John J. Cregan, Richard O'DriscoU,
Frank Gravener and Edward Kane of the Metropolitan District Council of Carpen-
ters; James Patterson, Business Representative of Local Union 2212, Newark, New
Jersey; James J. Sweeney and Edward Rank, Business Representatives of Local
Union 22 9 5, New York City and Benjamin Goldberg, Business Representative of
Local Union 2241, Brooklyn, New York.

The affair was rounded out with a well balanced show and the committee
headed by George Forbes and Fred Davis as co-chairmen, and Donald Scott and
James F. Cassidy as co-secretaries is to be complimented for its diligent efforts
in making the anniversary celebration such a wonderful success.

THE CARPENTER
LOCAL NO. 740 DEDICATES HEROES' PLAQUE

On March 19, 1948, Mill-
wright and Machinery Erec-
tors' Local No. 740, New
York, dedicated a bronze
plaque in honor of its mem-
bers who served in the arm-
ed forces of World War No.
2. Charles W. Hanson,
President of the New York
District Council of Carpen-
ters, was the master of cere-
monies. General Represen-
tative John Flynn was the
guest speaker and Charles
Johnson, General Executive
Board Member of the First
District, after an inspiring
speech, dedicated and un-
veiled the plaque. The re-
marks of our three distin-
guished guests were very
timely and were well taken
by our membership.

Reading left to right — George F. Welsch, Business Repre-
sentative of Local No. 740; Charles W. Hanson, President
of the N. Y. District Council of Carpenters; Charles John-
son, General Executive Board Member of the First District;
John Flynn, General Representative.

SIXTIETH ANMVERSARY OF LOCAL No. 419

May 8, 1948 marked another milestone in the Chicago history of organized
labor. On that day, Local 419 of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Join-
ers of America, celebrated its Sixtieth Anniversary. A large gathering, consisting
of officers and members of the various Locals from the Chicago area, joined in the
festivities. General President William L. Hutcheson expressed his deepest regrets
in being unable to attend but sent his sincere congratulations and best wishes for
a successful evening.

The absence of President Hutcheson was compensated for by the appearance of
the well known and well liked Jack Stevenson, former President of the Chicago
District Council, now 2nd Vice-President at the General Office. Brother Stevenson's
timely speech commanded the full attention of all present and upon completion
received tremendous applause.

Among the celebrants attending were George C. Ottens, President, Illinois State
Council of Carpenters, with Gordon Shelton, Vice-President, District No. 2; W. C.
Hill, Secretary-Treasurer; Mike Sexton, President, Chicago District Council, with
Secretary Johnson, Vice-President Andrup and Business Agents Butler, Kenney
and Johanson. Others, too numerous to mention, also contributed to a pleasant
evening.

The success of the celebration can largely be attributed to the combined efforts
of the Committee headed by Joseph Lehnert, President of Local 419, supported by
Vice-President Ed Pauls, Warden Herman Bluethner, Conductor Joseph Meyer who
acted as reception committee; Paul Schroeder, Recording Secretary who extended
invitations and arranged for the disbursing of tickets; Henry Goerling, Financial
Secretary who supervised the serving of refreshments; William H. Koehne, Treas-
urer, who performed splendidly as Master of Ceremonies and was responsible for
decorations; and Trustees, Brothers Walter Badekow, Arthur Kuehn, Wilhelm
Schmidt who capably handled the financial affairs; and last but not least Brothers
Tony Clancy and William Grusdat and many others who contributed so unselfishly
to the final success.

When did you last read Section 7 of our Constitution? Is every eligible
worker in your jurisdiction a member?

THE CARPENTER

MIDDL.ETOWX HONORS GRAND OLD TIMER

In honor of one of the really fine old timers in the labor movement, Local Union
No. 1512, Middletown, Connecticut, on the night of April 22, sponsored a fine testi-
monial dinner and social evening. Honored guest was Archibald W. Johnson, grand
old man of Local No. 1512.

Brother Johnson was born June 2 7, 18 67. He is not only the oldest living mem-
ber of the Local Union but also the longest time member. He Joined the Union in
September, 1906. The following year he was elected Financial Secretary, and ex-

cept for a few months when he worked in another jurisdiction, he has held that
office ever since. In forty-two years he has never been in arrears and he has seldom
missed a meeting.

During the course of the evening, many fine tributes were paid to Brother
Johnson. Joseph M. Rourke, secretary-treasurer of the State Federation, recalled
many years of harmonious relationship with Brother Johnson. Michael Misenti,
vice president of the State Federation, lauded Brother Johnson as the daddy of the
Central Labor Union. Vincent Scamporino, legal advisor for the Middletown
Central Labor Union, also paid high tribute to the loyalty, integrity and devotion
to duty displayed by Brother Johnson during the past forty years.

John Prout, president of Local No. 1512 also gave a brief talk outlining the
many contributions made by Brother Johnson. At the conclusion of his address
he presented Brother Johnson with an appropriate card and purse.

liOOAIi No. 189 HONORS 8 FINE OLiD TIMERS

More than 250 members of Local Union 189, Quincy, Illinois, their wives and
invited guests gathered in St. Francis school hall Saturday night, April 15, to
honor eight veteran members of the union who have held membership for more
than fifty years. The dinner also observed the sixty-second anniversary of the
affiliation of the local with the international union.

38 THE CARPENTER

The oldest member present was Peter Bruenger, 89, who has been a regular
member of the Local since December 3, 1897. Mr. Bruenger was a charter mem-
ber of the Local when It was organized in April, 1886. He later dropped his mem-
bership, but renewed it in 18 97.

Louis Klyensteuber, 84, and Henry Ledebrink, 84, are the next oldest members.
Mr. Kleyensteuber has been a member of the Local since November 25, 1897, and
Mr. Ledebrink since April 14, 189 8.

Other members honored included John Henry Boge, 80, a member since Febru-
ary 24, 1898; August Wolfmeyer, 75, a member since December 9, 1897; Ben
Kuhlman, 75, a member since April 14, 1898; Edward P. Meyer, 74, a member
since December 9, 1897, and Gerry Kemner, 71, a member since December 9, 1897.

The event was of special interest to Mr. Meyer as it occurred on his 74th birth-
day. It also served as a reunion for Mr. Meyer, Mr. Wolfmeyer, and Mr. Kemner,
all of whom were taken into the union on the same day, December 9, 189 7.

Ray Eickelschulte, vice-president of the Local, presided as toastmaster at the
dinner and introduced the various officers and distinguished guests. Present offi-
cers of the Local are Fred Stevens, president; Mr. Eickelshulte, vice-president,
Ray Brinkman, recording secretary; Oscar Trine, financial secretary; Art Sexauer,
warden; Frank Littleton, conductor, and Bernard Eberle, Herbert Rakers and
Robert Waterkotte, trustees.

George C. Ottens of Elmhurst, president of the Illinois State Council of Car-
penters, representing William L. Hutcheson, general president, was the principal
speaker. Several of the honored guests told of their early experiences in carpen-
tering in Quincy.

Following the dinner there was dancing for the remainder of the evening.

LOCAIj No. 3038 SCHEDULES DANCE

With a 383 to 15 victory in a recent NLRB election under its belt, Local Union
No. 3038 of Bonner, Mont., is looking forward to bigger and better things. On the
night of March 20th, the Local Union was scheduled to hold a dance which was
arousing considerable interest among members.

Following the regular meeting of March 14, the ladies came through again.
After the business session was concluded, the ladies served a light lunch consisting
of coffee and cake — both of which were delicious. Three cakes were raffled off by
Li. R. Christman. Everyone present went home well satisfied.

CHARLEROI CELEBRATES 46 YEARS OF PROGRESS

Charleroi, Pa., Local Union No. 1044 celebrated its Forty-sixth Anniversary on
the night of March 18th with a banquet and social evening. Some 175 members,
friends and guests, including three charter members of the Union, were on hand
to help make the evening a memorable one. The Presbyterian Church of Charleroi
was the scene of the festivities and all who attended unanimously voted the evening
a complete success.

Principal speaker of the evening was James L. McDevitt, president of the State
Federation of Labor. Brother McDevitt touched on the evils inherent in the Taft-
Hartley Act and other anti-labor legislation. Earlier in the evening he delivered
a broadcast on the same subject for the Monongahela Central Trades Council over
Station WESA of Charleroi.

Another guest of honor was Brother William J. Kelly, representative of the
United Brotherhood of Carpenters, who delivered his remarks to the wives. It was
up to the wives, he said, to see that their husbands got out and voted on election
day. No one, he said, was going to tell them whom they must vote for, but he
stressed the importance of every American worker voting so that labor can regain
what it has lost through indifference on election day, State Senator Lane of Wash-
ington County and Representative Reese of the same county were also among
the guests.

CALIFORNIA STATE COUNCIL OF CARPENTER AUXILIARIES

The Editor:

Greetings from the California State Council of Carpenters Auxiliaries to all
Auxiliaries and State Councils.

We would like you to know we are very active out here on the west coast,
having organized a State Council in 1941.

We have just closed our fifth council convention in Hollywood, California, hav-
ing had to discontinue our convention in the war years due to the lack of transpor-
tation and hotel reservations.

We have twenty-three Auxiliaries affiliated with the State Council, and forty
delegates and officers present at the convention.

We discuss and exchange ideas of how to keep the members of our respective
Auxiliaries interested, and ways of raising money to carry on the work for chari-
table and social affairs.

We have a resolution committee, legislation committee, finance committee, and
constitution and by-laws. We also appoint a memorial committee and pay silent
respect to all members of Auxiliaries who have passed away during the year.

We have divided the state into four districts, and elected a board member for
each district.

It is the duty of all officers to visit sister Auxiliaries, form new Auxiliaries,
and encourage them to join in the State Council.

Any Carpenter's local in California which wishes to form an Auxiliary can get
in touch with these ladles who will help them organize same.

At this time we would like to extend an invitation to all Carpenter's Auxiliaries
in California to join the State Council.

The per capita tax is five cents per month, for each member in good standing,
payable quarterly. Our first quarter began March 1st.

We will gladly send all information to any California Carpenter's Auxiliary
which would care to receive it.

We would also appreciate hearing from any other State Council, or Auxiliary
which would care to write or form a State Council.

Fraternally yours,

Mae C. Hoover, President,

State Council Carpenter's Auxiliary.

GARY LADIES CELEBRATE 1st ANNIVERSARY

The Editor:

Local Ladies Auxiliary No. 471 of Gary, Indiana, last month celebrated its First
Anniversary with a Bunco and Pinochle Party for the families of the Auxiliary at
the Labor Temple.

Serving on the Committee were: Mrs. Edward Fleezle, Mrs. Alvis Avirett, Mrs.
Gust Jarabek.

The table was decorated with figures of carpenters and a large cake which read
"First Anniversary of Ladies Auxiliary No. 471." Coffee, sandwiches, cake and ice
cream were served. Mrs. Alvis Avirett and Mrs. Gust Jarabek poured.

Prizes in Bunco were won by: Mrs. Ina Schwartz, Mrs. Lucille Rled, Mrs. Minnie
Sharp.

40 THE CARPENTER

Prizes in Pinochle were won by Mr. Frank Schwartz, Mr. Herbert Schwartz,
Mrs. Amy Flaherty.

Door Prizes were won by Miss Hazel Reid, Mrs. Alvis Avirett.

The Auxiliary meets the 3rd Thursday of each month at 7:30 P.M. at the
Labor Temple.

We would welcome wives, mothers, and sisters to join our Auxiliary of Car-
penters Local 985.

The Auxiliary is active in the Labor League Political Education Committee.

We are planning a drive in the near future to secure more members for our
Auxiliary.

Ida Schwartz, Recording Secretary.
•

SANTA ROSA WINDS UP BIG YEAR

The Editor:

Auxiliary No 470 would like to send greetings to all Ladies' Auxiliaries from
Santa Rosa, California.

We are one year old now and we think we hav« accomplished quite a bit in
that time. Early last year we put on a turkey dinner with all the trimmings for
Carpenters's Local No. 751, when they were hosts to the Redwood District Council.
Late in the summer we helped the brothers have a very nice carpenter's picnic along
the Russian River. In the month of November we held a raffle of a doll and chest
in conjunction with a bazaar.

Our town was trying to raise money to build a big new hospital, so from our
bazaar and raffle we donated $150.00.

We entertain the brothers quite often with small plays. They seem to enjoy
them very much.

We meet the first and third Fridays of every month at the Labor Temple.

We would like to hear from any Auxiliary which would like to write to us.

Fraternally yours,

Leona Faoro, Recording Secretary.

ORLANDO LADIES SEND GREETINGS

The Editor:

Auxiliary No. 142 of Orlando, Florida sends greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries.
We have one meeting a month, the first Friday night of each month.

On the fifteenth of April we celebrated the twenty-third anniversary of our
Charter with a supper at the Y. M. C. A. restaurant.

We have one social get-together each month when we honor the birthdays of
the members in that month, either with a picnic or luncheon at one of the honore's
houses. We have thirty-two members.

Our Auxiliary would like to hear from other Sister Auxiliaries.

With our very best wishes and sincere regards, we are

Fraternally yours,

Mrs. Garcia Barksdale, Recording Secretary!

HERIVIISTON, ORE., LADIES SPONSOR PARK IMPROVEMENT

The Editor:

Here is what Ladies' Auxiliary No. 429 of the Carpenters' Local No. 933 have
been doing in Hermiston, Oregon.

In December we gave a big Christmas party for the Carpenters and their
families. In January we didn't do so much. In February we gave a pie social on
which we made $52.00. In March we had an Easter party for the ladies. In April
we had a cooked food sale on which we made $22.00.

We are going to build a fire place out at the city park, and have a plaque put
up with the name of our Auxiliary on it. We are going to have it built some
time next month. That is why we are having these sales. We have voted to have
a social each Thursday from 2 P.M. until 3 P.M.

We would like to have other Auxiliaries visit us.

Florence Russell, Recording Secretary.

Craft ProblQms

Carpentry

LESSON 328
By H. H. Siegele

The difference between knots, such, as
I dealt with in the last lesson, and
.hitches, such as I am giving here, can
easily be pointed out. A knot is a fas-
tening made by interlacing two flexible
lines, as strings, cords, ropes, etc.,
which, where the interlacing is done,
forms a sort of knob and ties the two
together, or, if only one line is used, it
merely forms a knob. A hitch is a way
of applying or twisting a line, as a
string, cord, rope, etc., onto some ob-
ject or some other line, so as to fasten
the two together. In other words, a
knot is used for tying lines together or
fastening them to other objects, while

Fig. 1

the hitch is more nearly a temporary
fastening that depends more or less on
the pull of the line for its holding quali-
ties. In short, a knot is used principally
for tying, while a hitch is a means of
fastening by hooking onto or by twist-
ing the line in a manner that will make
the friction produce a safe connection.

Fig. 1, at A, shows a loop formed
with a rope. This is one step farther
along than what is called a bight, shown
by the last drawing of the previous les-
son. At B is a double loop, which if it
were turned over and slipped onto a
pole, as shown at C, would give a loose
form of the clove hitch. A tightened

clove itch is shown at D. This hitch is
used most for cases where both ends of
the rope are subjected to strains. For
example, you have one long rope, if it
were fastened at the center with a clove
hitch to the top of a pole, the two

Half Hiich

^\K^\\\\\\^\\K\\KK\\\K\\\y

^utle Hal/ Hii
Fig. 2

loose parts of the rope would answer
for two guys.

Fig. 2 shows at ttie top a half hitch
in the making. If this is tightened, it
makes a pretty good hitch. At the bot-
tom, is shown a double half hitch, which
is just a little better than the single half
hitch shown at the top. The drawing
shows this hitch in a loose form, which
would have to be tightened before it
will produce a perfectly safe connection.

^VVV\V\\\V\\\\W\\^V^V\VVVV\\\V\\\V^

Tinier HiUk

v^V\v^^^.^^^^^^^\^^^^^^^WT^^^^\^\^^\^^\^^j^

Fig. 3

Fig. 3 shows two views of perhaps the
most practical hitch used by building
tradesmen. It is called, timber hitch.
The top view shows the hitch in a rather

THE CARPEXTER

loose form, vrhile at the bottom it is
sh.o-wii tightened onto a round piece of
timber. This hitch is easy to make and
easy to unmake, but besides that, it is
perfectly safe.

The upper dra-vring of Fig. 4 sho"nrs
what is called a sheepshank. This hitch
is used for shortening ropes. It can be
made as long as necessary to take up
the unneeeded length in ropes. It is
easy to make and is safe, "while the un-
making is simpler than the making. The
bottom drawing shovrs another way to
shorten a rope. This method is espe-
cially suitable when only a little short-
ening is needed. The peg must be of
strong enough material so that it will
not break when the strain is put on the
rope.

The making of a scanold hitch is
shown by Fig. 5. The dotted lines show
the position of the scaffold plank. The

<tsssss

rope up over the top, making them
cross each other as shown. Then pull

Sheepskcnk

Fig. 4

two upward running parts of the rope
are tied together with a bowline knot,
as shown toward the top in Fig. 6. Here
the scaffold hitch is shown more nearly
as it appears when tightened onto the
scan'old plank.

Fig. 5

Fig. 7 shows how to start to make
the barrel hitch. Set the barrel onto
the rope and bring the two parts of the

Szclfdd Hlloh

Fig. 6

the two bent parts, as indicated by the

Fig

downward pointing arrows, and slip the
rope down about one-third from the top

THE CARPEXTER

of the barrel, making it engirdle the
barrel. Then bring the two loose parts
up, as the upward pointing arrows indi-
cate, and tie them together with a bow-
line kn,ot, as shown at the top in Fig.

Barrel

HitcK

When it is tightened, it is one of the
best hitches for fastening sash cord to
window weights that is in use. In real-
ity this hitch is made just the same as
the figure 8 knot explained in the last
lesson.

The different fastenings that are
shown in this lesson and in the two pre-
vious lessons are of such importance
that no apprentice of the building trades
can afford td pass them up without be-
ing sure that he can make any of them,
whenever or wherever he might be
called upon to do so. It is suggested

Fig. 9

that the student take a sash cord or a
rope and practice the making of the
various knots and hitches shown in
these lessons until the process of mak-
ing them becomes habitual with him.

Fig. 8

8. Here is shown the hitch in place
and the rope tightened, ready for lifting
the barrel. This is a useful hitch for
building tradesmen to use and should be
practiced by the student until he can
make it automatically.

Fig. 9 shows three important hitches.
At 1 is shown a single Blackwall hitch,
which is used for fastening a rope to a
hook, as shown by the drawing. At 2
the double Blackwall hitch is shown,
which is just a little better than the
single hitch shown to the left. At 3 a
simple hitch is shown for fastening sash
cord to a sash weight. It is shown in
the making, and is in a loose form.

MARKING RAISED MOLDIXGS

A reader wants to know the best
way to mark and cut raised moldings
for panels. I never call my solutions
the best. I try to be practical by giving
methods that I have found to give good
results.

Fig. I shows a corner of a panel,
with a sort of templet to the right in
place for marking the points to measure
from. The templet is made of a piece
of the molding to be used in the panel,
a cross section is shown inset, toward
the top. The dotted lines show the
templet in the second position.

Fig. 2 shows the same corner of the
panel, where at A and at B the straight

THE CARPENTER

lines that cross each other were made,
guided by the templet. The dotted

obtaining the cut for the joint. The
marking should be done with a welP
sharpened pencil and accurately. The
cutting is usually done with a miter
box, however, it can be done with a
fine saw without the aid of a miter

Sti/e

Ra)}

Fig. 1

lines show the position of the molding
when it is in place. In marking the
points, the templet is placed as shown
in Fig. 1 to the right for marking the

Arnffl

\
\

^h\k

^all

Fig. 2

perpendicular lines, and then as shown
by dotted lines for marking the hori-
zontal lines. Each of the corners of
the panel must be marked in this way.
If the panel is perfectly square, either
the point where the lines cross at A,
or where they cross at B, can be taken
to obtain the measurements for the dif-
ferent pieces of molding. But if the
panel is irregular, then the point at
A and the point at B must be used for

Fig. 3

box. A finished joint is shown by fig-
ure 3.

Fig. 4 shows the miter cut after a
piece of molding has been put in place.

Fig. 4

The shaded part shows where a little
backing with the block plane often is
necessary in order to make the face of

H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS

BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 380 p.

670 il., and about 7.000 building trade terms. $3.00.

QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hundreds of prac-
tical building problems, has 252 p. and 670 11. $2.50.

BUILDING.— Has 210 p. and 495 il.. covering form
building, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.

ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 437 il. Roof framing
complete. Other problems, including saw filing. $2.00.

CARPENTRY.— Has 302 p., 754 il., covering general
house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.

The above five books support one another.

TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.

PUSHING BUTTONS.— Illustrated prose. Only $1.00.

FREE. — With 2 books, one $1.00 book free, with
4 books, two, and with 5 books, three $1.00 books free.

Books autographed.

C. O. D. orders, postage and 0. O. D. fee added.
Order u u Cir/^E*! F 222 So. Const. St.
today. ■■■ ■■■ ait\atl_t Emporia, Kan»a«

THE CARPENTER

the joint fit tight. At a, by dotted line,
is shown somewhat exaggerated, how
the point of the shoulder should be cut
off, and at b, also exaggerated, is shown
how sometimes a little backing is nec-
essary to make the lip of the molding
fit tight against the stile. In case the
pieces do not go in place without forc-
ing them, a shaving or two with the
rabbet plane should be taken off the
shoulder of the molding.

A little study of these illustrations
and what is between the lines in the
text will help to make the different
points clear.

WANTS MORE EXAMINATIONS

A brother writes from Oregon, after
seeing the self-examination given in the
iMarch-19 48 issue of The Carpenter, ask-
ing for more test questions covering
the building trades.

As in the other examination article,
the questions are followed by four sug-
gested answers, (a), (b), (c), (d), but
only one answer in each of the ten
questions is right. Keep the answers be-
low concealed until you have checked
the ten answers you think correct.

1. Birch wood is (a) a soft clear-
grained wood, white in color; (b) a
hard wood with a fine grain and resem-

IF YOU ARE A CARPENTER

and have had some experience In lumber YOU CAN
LEARN TO ESTIMATE CARPENTER WORK In a

surprisingly sliort time. 49 years experience in lumber-
ing and general construction brings to light new born
methods such as grading labor on lumber and other
items to prevent the estimator, or contractor, from
serious hidden disaster. Until you have used grading
labor on lumber you will still be in the dark.
Having some experience in lumber, that is the best
place to start, the rest will come much easier after
getting a sound footing.

If your spare time is going to waste, you can make
valuable use of it.

These new born methods will give you the answer,
from farm building to skyscraper, or homes, remodel-
ing, repairs, wrecking, etc.

On a post card, print your name and address plainly,
by return mail you will receive further information.

E. W. HOPFNER
SS19 N. Clark St. Chicago IS, lU.

bles cherry in color; (c) light in weight
and slightly reddish in color; (d) very
heavy and strong, finishing in a beauti-
ful brownish color.

2. A standard size brick is (a) 2%
inches by 4 inches by 7 Vz inches; (b)
2 inches by 4 inches by 8 inches; (c)
2*4 inches by 3 % inches by 8 inches;
(d) 2% inches by 3 14= inches by 7%
inches.

3. The Polygon commonly used in car-
pentry work is the (a) hexagon; (b)
pentagon; (c) heptagon; (d) octagon.

4. The width of the tongue of a stan-
dard steel square is (a) 2 inches; (b)
1% inches; (c) 1% inches; (d) 1 Va
inches.

5. Scissors trusses are mostly used in
(a) industrial building; (b) homes; (c)
churches; (d) barns or sheds.

6. Moldings are usually sold by the
(a) square foot; (b) board foot; (c)
lineal foot; (d) bundle.

7. The piece of wood shown in cross

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

section. Fig. 1, has been (a) plowed;
(b) splayed; (c) rabbeted; (d) fluted.

8. The most common and satisfactory
spacing for wood lath is (a) % inch;
(b) V2 inch; (c) 3/16 inch; (d) %
inch.

9. The joint shown in Fig. 2 is called
(a) butt joint; (b) shoulder joint; (c)
tongue-and-groove joint; (d) half miter
joint.

10. Anchors for joists spaced 16 inch-
es on center are usually spaced every
(a) eight joists; (b) fourth joist; (c)
fifth joist; (d) sixth joist.

The answers are:

1, (b); 2, (c); 3, (d); 4, (d); 5, (c);
6, (c); 7, (d); 8, (a); 9, (b); 10, (c).

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This nevr and re-
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Name

NOTICE

The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be, in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the TTnited Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.

AU Contracts for advertising space in "The Car-
penter," including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the abore
reserved rights of the publishers.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories -

American Floor Surfacing Ma-
chine Co., Toledo, Ohio 6

E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis,

Ind. 4th Cover

Bensen Square Co_ Brooklyn

N. Y. :_: 4s

Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 45

Flormaster Flonnachines Co^

Chicago, III. 4

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 48

J. E. Gaskell, Toledo, Ohio 47

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover

E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,

Cal. 46

Master Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y 5

A. D. McBumey, Los Angeles,

Cal. 47

Millers Falls Co., Greenfield, Mass. 6

Ohlen-Bishop, Columbus, 0hio__ 48

The Paine Co., Chicago, 111 47

Porter-Cable Machine Co., Syra-
cuse, N. Y. 1

Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore 5

The Speed Co., Portland, Ore 46

The Speed Corp., Portland, Ore. 47

Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn 3rd Cover

Technical Courses and Books

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago, 111. 47

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y.__3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111. 3

E. W. Hoffner, Chicago, 111 45

A. Riechers, Palo Alto, Cal 48

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 46

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 44

Tajnblyn System, Denver, Colo._ 6

Address

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Full Length Roof Framer

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There are 2,400 different spans or widths
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tical way to make $20 to $30 a
week in spare time — sharpening
saws with the Foley Automatic
Saw Filer. Start at home in
basement or garage — you can
turn out perfect cutting saws
right away — no experience
needed.

The Free Book gives you a
plan based on facts, with
only a small investment, no
overhead, no stock of goods
to carry. There are thou-
sands of saws in .

every community C^
to keep sharp. ^^
Begin in spare time —
develop into a full-
time business of your own later oa
Take the first step towards being your
own boss — send the coupon for this
book — read it carefully.

^^m£„

Se^td e^ici^uutJoxJ^U, BOOK

Foley Mfg. Co., 718-8 Foley BIdg., Minneapolis, Minn.

Send FREE BOOK— "Independence After 40"

Name

Address

SIDE CUTS ON RAFTERS

AUTOMATICALLY!

Patent In U. S. A.

5 TOOLS IN ONE !

Actual Size 2" wide, 14" long.
MADE OP NICKEL SILVER

1. THE "BENSEN SQUARE" AUTOMATICALLY
GIVES THE SIDE CUT ANGLE ON RAFTERS
SUCH AS JACK, HIP, VALLEY, ETC. BY SET-
TING THE BLADE TO THE PLUMB CUT
ANGLE.

2. The Bensen Square will also give the miter cut
for polygons from 3 to 8 tides by setting the
blade against the desired polygon marked on base.

3. Can be used as a common square (90 degrees).
(Will lock In position).

4. Miter square (45 degrees). (Will lock In position).

5. Bevel square (can be set to any angle).

The Bensen Square is "a tool" all carpenters
will appreciate.

$6.00 post paid.

Guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction or your money
refunded. Send IHoney Order or Cliecic (No stamps).

BENSEN SQUARE COIVIPANY

951 56th Street, Brooklyn 19, N. Y.

CHARLES H. BARR, Heof-Treafing

The tempering process
is important in the
manufacture of Ohlen-
Bishop saws. Only men
with experience are as-
signed to the heat
treating furnaces.
Charley Barr is such
a man— with Ohlen-
Bishop over 15 years, he guards the heat-
treating to assure top quality.

906 Ingleside Ave.

Columbus 8, Ohio

M£t^'

Stanley Screw Driver No. 25

• If you have ever tried a Stanley No. 25 Screw
Driver, you'll know the one we mean. It's the kind
of a screw driver you reach for first - the sturdy,
hand-fitting tool that does so many kinds of screw
driving jobs quickly, securely, the way you want
them done.

The polished, alloy-steel blade is tempered its
entire length. Patented bolster construction anchors
blade in hardwood handle. Tips are accurately
crossground to size. Handle is fluted for sure grip.
Eight sizes for a choice. Buy a No. 25 next time -and
good Stanley Tools always. STANLEY TOOLS,
163 Elm Street, New Britain, Connecticut.

THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD

[STANLEY'^

Reg. U. S. Pat. Off.

HARDWARE- HAND TOOLS- ELECTRIC TOOLS

THAT CUTS
EVERYTHING

This one tool— its com-
panion table stand— and
its many accessories
equip you with a hand
saw . . . table saw . . .
shaper...face or drum
Sander . . . wire brush
. . . and grinder. See if
of your Dealer's TO-
DAY.

MiCtL TOOL COMPANY

m51 South Chicago Avenue, Chicago, 19, Illinois

AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides

4vois.$6

Inside Trade lirf ormation

for Carpenters , BaQders, Jots-
ers, Buildins Mechanics and all
Woodworkers. These Gaides
give yoD the short -cat instrac-
tions that yon want — inctudinff
new methods, ideas, eolations,
plans, systems and money sav-
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gressive course for the appren-
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daily helper and Quick Refer-
ence for the master worker.
Carpenters everywhere are us-
ing: these Gaides as a Helpinc
Hand to Easier Work, Better
Work and Better Pay. To get
this assistance for yooxsalf,
■ >«v ■■• .. ^ simply fill in and

Inside Trade Information On : mail f&ee coupon beion.

How to use the steel SQuare — How to file and

set saws — How to build lurnlture — How to use

a mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How

to use rules and scales — ^How to make joints —

Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration

problems — Estimating strength ol timbers —

How to set girders and sills — How to frame

houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — ^How

to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.

— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up

specifications — ^How to excavate — How to use

settings 12. 13 and 17 on the steel square — How

to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How

to build stairs — How to put on interior trim —

How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — ^How to paint.

■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■

AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10. N. Y.

Mail Audeis Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' free
trial. If OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 Is. paid.
•Otherwise I will return them. No oblieation unless i am satisfied.

Employed by-

CAR

ATKINS

makes the job
EASIER from
start to finish

Yes, for every sawing job there's a particular
Atkins Saw to make that job easier. ..a saw that
cut's faster, cleaner. In it all the skill, knowledge and
improvement gained in 91 years of saw-making ex-
perience combine with Atkins' famous"Silver Steel"
to give you a saw of superb cutting performance.

Atkins saws have the design and balance that
makes them handle better, the extra keenness that
bites through wood smoothly, y/ith less effort. Be-
cause they are made of "Silver Steel", Atkins
require fewer sharpenings to keep them at their
smooth cutting best.

For a better saw that stays on the \ob, to lighten
your job, get Atkins.

5 Favorites from the Complete

Atkins Line of Saws for Every Cutting Job

Ajkins No. 400 Straight Back— Beautifully balanced blade
has mirror polish. Solid rosewood handle In "Perfection" pat-
fern that prevents wrist strain. Taper grounds gauges for
easy clearance. Carefully hardened and tempered. Filed
and set ready for use. Ship point pattern.

No. 65 Straight Back — Fine quality for general carpentry. Taper
ground. Damaskeen polish blade, filed and set for use, Carved
apple handle. Ship pattern.

No. 2000 Straight Back — Light but stiff tempered blade,
taper ground, polished and etched. New "Perfect-Grip"
apple handle is close to blade for easy handling. Ship
pattern.

No. 37 Compass Sav/ — 17 x I 8

gauge bladehardened, tempered
and polished. 8i points per Inch.
Filed and set. Plastic handle.

No. 39 Keyhole Saw — Ground
18x19 gauge for easy clearanc*
with minimum set. 10 points perirtj,
Uniform temper. Filed and set^
Plastic handle.

HOME OFFICE AND FACTORY:

E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY • 402 S. UlinOU street, IndianapoMs 9, Indian*
BRANCH FACTORY: Porilond, Ore. • BRANCH OFFICES: Allaiya, Chicago, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco

ATKINS

IH'S AlWHYS AUUb"

MiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiM^^

CROSSCUTS • CIRCULAR SAWS • HACK SAWS • BACK SAWS • COPING SAW

CARPENTER

FOUNDED 1881

OfReial Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

AUGUST, 1948

YOUR OPINION
IS IMPORTANT...

but

THEY ONLY

COUNT

BALLOTS!

When Election Day rolls around,
will be only as big as

rom WYES'

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BETTER . . . because it does the work of two
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BETTER . . . because of light weight and ease
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The Flormaster is the one, big, outstanding im-
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FLORMASTER FLORMACHINES CO.
4179 W. Montrose Ave. Chicago 41, Illinois

FOR QUICK ACTION-MAIL COUPON

FLORMASTER FLORMACHINES CO. DATE

4179 W. Montrose Ave., Chicago 41, Illinois

Please send comph'te iuformation ou the Flormaster and
Free Trial Offer.

Name

Address

City Zone .... State .

3a^7e

TCR

A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.

FRANK DUFFY, Editor

CaiiJenters' Building, 222 E. llichigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Establishfd in 1S51
Vol. LXVIII — No. S

IXDIAXAPOUS, ArGIJST, 1948

One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy

— Con tents —

Beware the Siren Song

General President William L. Hufcheson analyzes f'he ■world situation and comes to the
conclusion that free, strong and independent trade unions offer the greatest hope for a
democratic, peaceful and prosperous future.

The Miracle Bark

Redv/ood trees have been around for a million years or so One of the things thot en-
abled them to survive glaciers and droughts for thousands of years on end was the fact
that rev/ood bark has many peculiar qualities. Fungus cannot touch it; fire cannot harm
it. Now science is finding out that these qualities make redwood bark an ideal soil
conditioner.

Opportunity Lies Everywhere

- - - 16

A survey of incomes in both rural and urban areas shov/s that the chances of a
person to acquire a decent income are as good in a small town os they are in a big
city.

Building Can Be Fun

A new type of model home offers young and old an opportunity to get acquainted
with what is involved in home construction. Every problem the regular home builder
would run into is involved in putting together this clever model.

You Are in Politics

Whether you like it or not, your are in politics because everything the government
does affects your personal welfare and progress. By keeping registered and voting in-
telligently, you can help to safeguard your own future.

OTHEPi DEPAIIT]!HEXTS

Plane Gossip

Editorials

Official

In Menioriam

Correspondence -

To the Ladies

Graft Problems

14
21
32
33
34
38
41

Index to Advertisers -

Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIAN" APOLIS, INT)., as Eeeond class mail matter, trnder Act of

Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3, 191", authorized on July 8, I&IS.

CARPENTERS

BUILDERS and APPRENTICES

THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING

Learn at Home in Your Spare Time

The successful builder will tell you
that the way to the top-pay jobs and
success in Building is to get thorough
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In this Chicay:o Tech Course, you learn to
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You learn building construction details :
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You learn how to lay out work and direct
building jobs from start to finish. You learn
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Over 44 years of experience in train-
ing practical builders.

INCREASE YOUR INCOME

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and Trial Lesson

CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE

TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.

Chicago Technical College

K-120 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. iVnchigan Ave.,

Chicago 16, m.

Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints"
with information about how I can train at home.

Name Age

Address Occupation

City

_____ I

.Zone State |

SHARP'S Automatic Framing Square

NOW ONLY

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,3-

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t? ENLARGED
SECTION
Rafter Table

Volume Production Brings New Low Price!

One Setting gives you the marking
for both Plumb Cut and Mitre Cut

Blade gives

marking for

Piumb Cut oi

Common and

Hip Rafter.

for oil

fAitre Cuts on

Hip, Valley

or Jack Rafters

THOUSANDS WERE SOLD AT $12.95

NOW YOU CAN GET THE SAVINGS

Why struggle with rafter tables, slide rules
and bulky squares while figuring roofs when
you can do a faster and more accurate job with
Sharp's Automatic Framing Square for only
S8.95, All you need to know is the width of the
building and the' pitch of the roof. Just set
the tool to your pitch and it automatically
solves every problem and provides direct
marking pattern for all cuts. Gives exact
figures for length of rafters. Also gives cuts
in degrees for power saw work. Opens to
90-Gegree angle. A sturdy, all-metal tool that
folds up into one com.pact tmit ... 1 foot long,
2 inches v/ide. Fits in pocket easily ... no sharp
corners to catch on clothing.

GUARANTEE: If not- completely satisfied, return
tool within 30 days and your money will be refunded.

ASK YOUR HARDWARE DEALER
or write to LLOYD L. CROWLEY
1880 So. 12th Street, Salem, Oregon

MANUFACTURER and DISTRIBUTOR

FRIIIING SOUARE

rOR FAST, ACCURATE
WORKMANSHIP

Greenlee 22 is a name it will pay
you well to remember whenever yoo
buy Auger Bits. For it assures you
sharp cutting edges, accurate siz-
ing, bright, high finish, and that
smooth, easy action so necessary
in fine craftsmanship. You can
be certain, too, that every
GREENLEE 22 Solid-Center
Auger Bit is "factory sharp"
when it reaches yoo. For
each is "Plastic-Sealed" with
« special protective coating
to keep it in perfect condi-
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<juality. buy GREENLEE.

rpOLS FOR CRAFTSMEN

SPECIAL OFFER... ONLY 104 FOR
HANDY WOODWORKING CALCULATOR

Quick solutions to countless woodworking problems. Just
set dial: convert linear feet to board feet; compare charac-
teristics and workability of various woods. Also shows bit
sizes; nail specifications; tool sharp-
ening hints; etc. Heavily varnished
cardboard, 6' diameter. Send 10c to
Greenlee Too! Co., 2088 Columbia
Avenue, Rockford, Illinois. U. S. A.

Enjoy the Economy of Quality
The saw most carpenters use

DISSTON D-23 HANDSAW

Light weight, straight bacl( pattern

Helps you do better work, with
greater ease and less frequent
sharpening. That's because of its
perfect balance, true taper grind,
accurate set and edge-holding teeth
of Disston Steel . . . the world's
most famous saw steel. Cross-cut:
20-inch, 10 and 11 points: 24-inch,
8, 9, 10 and 11 points: 26-inch,
7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 points. Rip:
3} 2 points.

ASK YOUR

WHrMYouiUY* HARDWARE

RETAILER

WRITE for FREE copv of the
NEW, Revised Edition of
DISSTON SAW. TOOL and
FILE MANUAL

HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC.

804 Tacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa., U.S.A.
In Canada, write: 2-20 Fraser Ave., Toronto 1, Ont. Jss

Your Name
Engraved on the

WORLD'S FINEST

Compare these features
■vrith any oth.ers.

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CARPENTER'S
OVERALLS

The H. D. LEE Eo.

Kansas City. Mo.
Trenton, N. J.
South Btnd, Ind.
M inreapolis, Minn.
Sin FrantisM, Calif.
Salina, Kans.

LEARN TO ESTIMATE

If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.

Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75
and pay the balance of S30. 00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. \\'hat we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.

Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.

TAfVIBLYN SYSTEM

Johnson Building C-20, Denver 2, Colorado

Beware The Siren Song

By WILLIAM L. HUTCHESON, General President

* * *

EVER IN MODERN HISTORY have turmoil and unrest
been so widespread throughout the civilized \v()rld as they
are today. On all five continents divergent political phil-
osophies are struggling for mastery. Even in such remote sections
as Java and Indo-China the old order of things is tottering under
the impact of new political ideas. It recjuires no student of world
politics to realize that the future of mankind is toda}' being
weighed in the balance of human ingenuity and human astuteness.
A new order is in the making; whether that order will add to the
sum total of mankind's liberty, prosperity and happiness, or wheth-
er it will once more relegate human beings to subservience to
centralized authority depends on the wisdom of all people in gen-
eral and American people in particular. The die is now being
cast. Only time will tell the results.

If this anah'sis is correct, then it seems to me that the impor-
tance of organized labor to mankind's future welfare assumes a
newer and greater role; for it is through organized labor that the
little people all over the world will articulate their aims and be-
liefs and aspirations just as they have done in years gone b^^ It is
through organized labor that they will promote and foster an
economic and social order capable of achieving lasting peace and
prosperity. Increasingly our government and State Department
are coming to realize that the rebuilding of a democratic Europe
can scarcel}' be achieved without the foundation of a free and
independent European labor movement. The first free institu-
tions which Hitler and Mussolini destroyed in their ruthless march
to power were the free trade unions. Now it appears that the first
free institutions which must be rebuilt before Europe can emerge
democratic are the trade unions.

Day after dav the news from Europe revolves around trade
unions in Italy, Germany, France and Austria. Where the unions
are under the domination of Communists, the news is invariably
bad. Where democratic forces have succeeded in building free
and independent unions, the news is uniformly good. In the final
analysis, success or failure of the democratic forces in the Europ-
ean labor movement will govern the success or failure of demo-
cracy in Western Europe.

THE C A R P E X T E R

What is true of Europe is also true of South America and South
Africa and Australia and Japan. For that matter, is true of this
nation tO'j. The buhvark against totalitarianism all over the Avorld
is free and independent trade unions. AA'hatever weakens or under-
mines free organized labor — v.-hether in Xew York or Prague or
Kobe — deals a blovr to the democratic cause all over the world.

No one has been more cognizant of the truth of these things
than Joe Stalin, How often in recent months have the headlines
proclaimed; "Communists Lead French Dock A\'orkers on Strike"
or ''Red Fostered General Strike Paralyzes Italy" or "Austrian
Reds Prepare to V\'reck Marshall Plan.'"'' These things were no
mere chance happenings without any relation to each other. Far
from it. Rather they were and are coordinated moves in an overall
Communist plan aimed at crippling the rise of European demo-
cracy through domination and eventual destruction of trade union-
ism in Europe. Stalin is fully av-are that the Red program for
total European usurpation depends almost entirely on the ability
of natr-.'e Communists to discredit, disrupt and eventually destroy
the trade unions in their individual countries. This is the plan on
vrhich Joe is pinning virtually all his hopes.

In the field of world affairs, the United States has assumed un-
questioned leadership. In the field of unionismi. the American
labor movement m.ust similarly accept the responsibility of pre-
eminence. By precept and example, the American labor movem.ent
m.ust educate and inspire the organized workers of the world
toward democracy, human dienity and the brotherhood of man.
This being so. we in the American labor movement — officers and
miembers alike — have a new responsibility — a responsibility which
we must not take lightly. The dangers involved are too great.

As I see it. the American labor movement is threatened from
three sides. First there is the very definite threat of the vested
interests. For purposes of their own these special interest groups
are anxious to shackle, if not entirely destroy, the American labor
movement. They are working through Congress and the forty-
eight state legislatures. They have emasculated the Department of
Labor; they have put over the Taft-Hartley Act; and they have
made any form of union security illegal in a number of states.
At the present time they have half a hundred other legislative
schemes for curbing the effectiveness of unions which they will
be promoting in Washington and the state capitols from now on.
These vested interests are a distinct threat to American organized
labor. However, they are not hard to handle. They are effective
only so long as they exert plenty of control in Congress and the
state legislatures. A politically aroused labor movement can soon

THE C" A K !• E N T E R

chani!;"e all that. By electing- its friends and defcatin:^;- its enemies,
labor can block the current wave of anti-labor legislation.

The second danger to labor in this country is Communism.
By their infiltration tactics. Communists have moved into positions
of power in some American unions. They are constantly trying
to gain a footing in many others. While the number of actual
Communists in American labor is very small, the amount of dis-
ruption they can breed is all out of proportion to their number.
This is so only because the rank and file in many unions is too
lackadaisical to do anything about the situation, when it arises.
Rank and file disinterest is the meat upon wdiich Communists
feed. AMienever it arises in any union the Communists are not
slow in taking advantage of the fact.

However, the labor movement is not unaware of the Communist
threat. Right now the government is gravely concerned with the
problem of checking Communism, but unions such as our Brother-
hood recognized the threat of Sovietism twenty-five vears ago.
We took steps to keep it from disrupting our movement. In that
respect we are two decades ahead of our government.

But it takes eternal vigilance to keep Communism from infil-
trating into unions. The rank and file as well as the officers must
be alert, for Communists never stop trying to worm their way into
places where they can do the most damage. To the extent that eith-
er the officers or the rank and file members of a union adopt a com-
placent attitude toward Communism, to that extent they jeopar-
dize the democratic cause at home and abroad.

The third and by far the most subtle and dangerous threat to
unionism is the "something for nothing" philosophy that seems
lately to have influenced the thinking of so many people in and
out of labor. By the "something for nothing" philosoph}^ I mean
the theory that the government owes you or me something, or the
theory that somebody ought to look after us and lead us around
by the hand and take care of our problems for us. To my way of
thinking, this is the gravest problem of all. It is the most danger-
ous threat because it has such a generous sugar-coating of tem-
porary benefits. In reality, however, the price of the benefits is
always tremendously high. The Italians and Germans can amply
testify to this fact.

Neither Hitler nor Mussolini captured the popular fancy by
promising the people economic and social chains. Indeed not.
They wooed and Avon the support of numerous workers by prom-
ises of benefits, — higher wages, better conditions, greater security,
etc. Perhaps the people got some of those things and perhaps

10 THE CARPENTER

they did not. But it is an incontrovertible fact that in the end the
people got chains, chaos, and ruin.

No Mussolini or Hitler will ever rise in this virile country.
But the same end results can be achieved by too many people fall-
ing for the "something for nothing" theory. Neither this govern-
ment nor any government ever gave away anything without taking
back something in return. What government always takes back
from the people is freedom, the most precious item of them all.

Argentina offers a good example of how the "something for
nothing" program works out. When Peron first went into power,
he used mostly force to get there. But he began giving and pro-
mising benefits, and eventually he got back into office by popular
vote. The workers got wage increases but prices went up twice
as fast as wages. The workers got better working conditions but
they lost their independent unions in as much as the government
has virtually taken them over. The people got better hospitals and
highways but they lost the freedom of the press because, one by one,
opposition papers have been put out of business. Ironically enough,
Peron is still tremendously popular with a vast segment of the
people. This is so because he has given the people a few material
benefits while he has taken away a host of intangible benefits
which add up to freedom. Such has been the history of every dic-
tator and every dictatorship. Even Mussolini made the trains run
on time; but in the end the Italian people woke up without trains.

We have no Peron here ; but we do have a host of people who
think the government should and can look after us and pamper us
from the cradle to the grave. The pathway along which they beckon
us may have a little different scenery from the pathway along
which Peron is leading the people of Argentina but they both end
up at the same place. No one yet has been able to lift himself by
his own boot straps. Neither has any government been able to give
its people one thing without taking away something else, for in the
final analysis everything any government gets it must get from the
people. If regimentation and totalitarianism ever come to America
they will ride in on the "something for nothing" philosophy.

With American labor, like America itself, dedicated to world
leadership, a tremendous responsibility devolves upon every union
officer and every union member; a responsibility to keep our
labor movement strong, free and independent; a responsibility to
combat the anti-democratic philosophies ; a responsibility to turn
deaf ears to the siren song of the "something for nothing" phil-
osophy. As we individually and collectively succeed in meeting
these obligations, so shall the democratic cause succeed in growing
and expanding in a world shot through with totalitarianism.

THE MIRACLE BARK

By Jonas AVillianis
* * *

IF YOU HAPPENED to
have been around a million
or so years ago, there are a
few things living on earth today
which you would recognize al-
most immediately. Among them
are the giant redwood trees (Se-
quoia sempervirens) of Califor-
nia.

The redwoods were among the
principal plants of the Dinosaur
age, huge trees against which
the big reptiles rubbed their
backs, and whose foliage those
that weren't meat eaters reached
up to nibble. Drought and the
glaciers put an end to the dino-
saurs, but some of the redwoods
lived on. For some unknown

reason, these trees survived only on the west slope of the Pacific coastal
range, although at the time Columbus came to America a few still grew
in New England. The redwoods are unlike any modern tree. They are
gigantic strangers from a lost world, and they possess all the character-
istics of the mysterious age which produced them. Their life span is
longer than anything else on earth. Some redwoods are 6,000 years
old, and many of those now standing were healthy trees at the time
of Christ and maybe even Confucius. They contain no pitch. Redwood
lumber is waterproof and fire-re-

Girl admires flowers grown with redwood barky
once a useless nuisance.

sistant. Houses built of redwood
lumber withstood the San Francisco
fire well. And the redwood bark has
properties found in no other bark.
It not only withstands heat, cold,
water, time, but it actually has an
antiseptic quality which keeps in-
sects and fungi away from the tree
as well.

All of this of course, was extreme-
ly interesting to the scientist and
the tourist, but it was a pain in the

neck to the lumber companies. The
redwood lumber was fine and
brought a good price, but the red-
wood bark, a waste product which
had to be stripped off, presented
a problem. The bark had no com-
mercial value, and it was almost
impossible to get rid of the stuff.
It possessed the same indestructi-
bility that caused the redwood to
survive for millions of years. When
left lying around, it didn't decom-
pose like other self-respecting

THE CARPEXTER

barks It wouldn't burn. Termites
wouldn't eat it. So for 85 years the

redwood bark just piled up.

Then, in 1940, a few smart lum-
bermen began to look around. They
noticed that wherever the waste red-
wood bark had piled up on the
forest floor, it soon was covered
with a dense growth of new scrub.
Whenever a redwood log was left
lying in the woods, fresh vegetation
sprouted from the bark. Obviously
there was something in the redwood
bark which promoted the groAvth of
young plants.

These lumbermen ground up the
redwood bark, mixed it with dif-
ferent types of soil and began to ex-
periment. They discovered some in-
teresting things, especially the fact
that any plant will grow in redwood
bark mixed with any kind of soil.
They took hard, baked, alkaline
adobe earth from the California de-
sert, a clay in which not even cactus
could grow. They added the ground
redwood bark. They planted seeds.
A few months later, delicate alstro-
emeria plants were growing beauti-
fully and healthily in the adobe.
The lumbermen-experimenters im-
mediately formed a company in
Santa Cruz, Calif., bought up the
waste piles of redwood bark for
almost nothing, and put the product
on the market for agricultural use.

According to the U. S. Bureau of
Soils, practically all soils contain
sufficient plant foods for good crop
production. It is the texture of the
soil, rather than its chemical com-
position, which counts. The inde-
structible redwood bark permanent-
ly gives any soil the loose, fluffy,
spongy, texture which holds water
and air in the proper proportions,
and allows the microbes to perform
their all-important work on the
plant roots. It does not decompose

rapidly and become a part of the
soil, like manure and leaf mold
fearlier soil "conditioners"). It does
not sink in the wet weather the way
sand, another loosening agent, does.
And it does not itself absorb the
water, which was the principal com-
plaint against peat moss. Redwood
bark, after tvv'o years in the soil, is
as sprightly as it vras on its 2,000th
birthday, except for giving off a
slightly acid reaction. This neut- :J
ralizes the excess of alkalinity gen- l
erally present in bad soils.

Xo sooner did the redv.-ood bark
get on the market than encouraging
reports came in from all over the
country.

Frank Reinelt, a well-known hor-
ticulturist from Capitola, Calif., was
trying to raise begonias for the Los
Angeles, and San Francisco mark-
ets. Capitola is in that section of
California which experiences heavy
dews. In fact, the dews were so •
heavy that they nearly washed away ^
his greenhouses several times, and I
each year they destroyed as much
as Go% of his begonia seedlings.

It Avasn't so much the moisture
that proved fatal to the sensitive
little plants as a certain fungus
which thrives on the dampness in
the soil. This fungus attacks the
tiny seedlings when they are young
and very weak and literally smoth-
ers them to death. Ordinarily no-
thing can be done about it. But Mr.
Reinelt had heard about the red-
wood bark and he got the idea. He
mixed 80 per cent leaf mold and 20
per cent redwood bark into the seed
beds. Then he lightly spread more
redwood bark on the surface. This
was in January, 1942. That spring,
Reinelt got the finest crop of begon-
ias ever seen in that part of Cali-
fornia. In fact, he got 100 per cent
termination. Xot a sinsrle seedling

THE CARPENTER

was attacked by the funo;us just as
for 1.000,000 years not a sing-le red-
wood tree had been attacked.

x\fter the Reinelt disco\'erv, other
reports poured in. A rose grower in
Pennsylvania was losing all his
roses one summer because of the
unusual heat. He spread a one-inch
thickness of redwood bark over the
soil in one bench of greenhouse
roses. The redwood bark acted as
an effective insulation against the
heat. Not only that, but the redwood-
treated rose stems w^ere two inches
longer than he had produced before
and they were completely free of
"black spot," a rose disease caused
by high daytime temperatures fol-
lowed by cool evening-s and nights.
Another grower in Minnesota had
the same experience in reverse. "The
only thing that saved my bulbs from
the excessive cold of last winter,"
he wrote, "was the unusual and un-
expected insulating quality which
I discovered in redwood bark.

An amateur gardener in Lake-
wood, Ohio, found that redwood
bark in the soil completely elimi-
nated the moss coatinsr that had

been ruining his chrysanthemum
beds. A nuseryman in Fredericks-
burg, Va., wrote, "Without the red-
wood bark, I could not have saved
my pompons through this hot
weather with one shower in 80
days."

A nationally known horticultur-
ist in Santa Barbara, Calif., dis-
covered that you can grow practical-
ly anything in a flowerpot merelv
by placing a little redwood bark in
the bottom of the pot. One of the
country's best-known orchid ex-
perts, E. O. Orpet. went on record
shorriy thereafter informing all the
horticulturists of America that he
had had amazing results with red-
wood fiber. "Orchids," he wrote on
July 3, 1943, "generally are watered
to death. It is impossible to over-
water orchids growing in redwood
fiber. Furthermore, there is no de-
cay."

With redwood bark, housewives
are now raising corsage orchids for
themselves in flowerpots at home.

(Reprinted by permission oi Col-
lier's, the National Weekly.)

Older Workers Have Best Records

Men and women in the 45-or-more age group ofter distinct advantages
to employers over their younger fellow-workers, according to an article in
the July issue of the Monthly Labor Review, official publication of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The article points out that not only may the worker in the 45-and-over
age group offer more highly de\eloped skills, more mature judgment and
more settled work habits as against the stamina and agility of youth, but
he is frequently less likely to be absent and is less prone to injury than the
younger worker.

In a study of the work records of about 17.800 workers of all ages, in-
cluding 1.309 women, it was revealed that the highest aljsenteeism rate was
found among younger workers.

Workers included in the study were emplo\-ed in 109 manufacturing
plants at a variety of occupations, mostly productive. Records from which
the studv was made covered at least 6 months in everv instance.

5 P

THE REAL TEST

According to a government announ-
cement, the Army and Navy now have a
plane that has definitely broken through
the sound barrier. The new plane, about
which Uncle Sam is extremely secre-
tive, travels faster than sound.

Apparently there is no end to the

marvels of science. First thing you know

they will be building a plane that can

travel faster than bad news,

• • •

ABOUT THE SIZE OF IT

Tito, dictator of Yugoslavia, once the
bright and shining light in the Soviet
orbit, seems to have kicked up his heels
at Kremlin domination. Although news
from Yugoslavia is extremly scarce, it
is evident that the once subservient
Tito is doing a little bit of thinking on
his own — the greatest crime of all in
the Communist credo. The Red papers
are lambasting him up one side and
down the other, and in the Communist
scheme of things that is a fine baro-
meter. The harder the Red press goes
after an individual, the more certain
you can be that that individual is trait-
orous enough to the Red cause to har-
bor a thought or two of his own.

Just what the trouble is between Tito
and Moustache Joe is, we have no way

of knowing, but somehow or other we
cannot help but feel that Tito must
have suddenly realized that he was in
a position about like a long married
man who was attending a musical.
Looking sad and lonely sitting in a
corner, he finally touched a responsive
cord in the hostess. Approaching him in
her politest manner, she said: "Do you
play any instrument?"

"Not away from home," replied the
guest.

"How peculiar," continued the host-
ess, "and what instrument do you play
at home?"

"Second fiddle,
with a grin.

•
TiaiE MAKES

Since labor has

confessed the guy

Uey, Jane! What's Harry got dat I
ain't gott

• •

A DIFFERENCE

scored a number of
sucesses at the polls in recent primar-
ies, it is amusing to note the large num-
ber of candidates who have suddenly
become "friends" of labor. These poli-
tical "friends" of labor have always
been with us. While they are running
for office, they are concerned about labor
and its problems; as soon as they get in
they do not give a hoot for unions or
the people who make them up. And this
brings to mind a story often told by Dr.
Harry Emerson Fosdick.

The distinguished clergyman was
awakened about two a. m. one cold
morning by a loud banging on his door.
Looking out his window he perceived
an exceedingly drunken young man do-
ing the pounding.

"Who are you, and what do you
want?" called down the clergyman.

"Doctor," the visitor replied, "I would
like you to explain the difference be-
tween Modernism and Fundamentalism
to me."

"Young man," counseled Dr. Fosdick,
"if you will go home and sober up and
come here at a more appropriate hour,
I would be glad to explain the difference
to you."

There was a short moment of silence
before the inebriate replied: "The
trouble with that is. Doctor, that when
I'm sober I don't give a d — n."

THE C A K I* E N I" E R

SEEMS LOGICAL

Maybe it was only coincidence, but
one day last month an Indianapolis
paper had two stories side by side which
might have more than a little connec-
tion.

One headline read "Meat Prices Go Up
15%". The other headline right beside
it announced "State Mental Hospitals
25% Overcrowded."

• * •

LOOKS NOT SO GOOD

As this is being written, shooting is
once more rife in Palestine, the Russian
blockade of Berlin is becoming more
oppressive, Yugoslavia is flexing its mus-
cles, and all over the world tension and
mistrust are mounting apace.

Perhaps things can go on the way
they are without another world war
breaking out, but we seriously doubt it.
The law of averages is against it. Sooner
or later a little dispute grows into a big
one. Right now we feel about like the
patient who was undergoing an opera-
tion.

"What are my chances of recovery,
Doctor?" he asked.

"Not very good." replied the medico.
"Medical records show that one out of
every hundred succumbs to this opera-
tion. Yours is my hundredth such op-
eration. All the others lived, and you
know statistics are statistics."

A LITTLE DISCOURAGING

"Time Proving Taft-Hartley Act Foun-
dation for Stable Industrial Relations"
says a headline in a national financial
paper. Everything but facts and figures
indicate this, say we. Actually there
have been more disputes, more turmoil,
more unrest under the Taft-Hartley Act
than in any comparable period in recent
labor history. The only stable thing
about the Act is that it smells like the
back end of one.

The truth of the matter is that it
puts organized labor about in the same
position as the little boy who came from
his first day at school very discouraged.
Flatly he announced: "Ain't going to-
morrow! "

"Why not, dear?" wheedled his wor-
ried mother.

"Well," replied the lad, "I can't read
and I can't write and they won't let me
talk — so what's the use?"

SOMETHING TO GLOAT ABOUT

The wish probably being the father to
the thought, Russian newspapers are
carrying stories describing the terrible
depression that is going on in this coun-
try. The way they tell it, millions of
unemployed are walking our streets
looking for jobs and downright hard-
ship is the lot of most of our people.

Far be it for us to impugn the ver-
acity of Russia's press, but if we are in
the midst of a depression, Avhat con-
stitutes good times? We can't help but
wonder what the average Russian would
think if he had a chance to visit this
country. He would probably feel like
the American who was Avandering
around in the Sahara Desert in his bath-
ing trunks. Pretty soon an Arab came
along on a camel.

"Where are you going, effendi?" asked
the Arab.

"For a swim," replied the American.

"A swim," echoed the Arab in aston-
ishment, "but the ocean is a thousand
miles from here."

"A thousand miles," gasped the Amer-
ican. "Boy, oh, boy, is this some beach."
• • •
PALT FOR PRESIDENT

On his way to his summer vacation in
Maine to rest up for his fall presidential
campaign as Nineteenth Party candidate
for the White house, Joe Paup crawled
out from under the rods long enough
to give the world the following gem:

"Maybe you can't make a silk purse
out of a sow's ear, but a silk stocking
certainly does improve a calf."

/ don't kiioic htjic Idikj you'll have to
inilurc it! I'm just the landlord — not a
weather prophet!

Survey of rural and urban earnings proves

OPPORTUNITY LIES EVERYWHERE

• •

MORE THAN FOUR out of every ten non-farm families with in-
comes of $5,000 a year or more live in small towns — cities with
populations of under 50,000 and rural non-farm areas. This is
shown in data recently made public by the U. S. Bureau of the Census on
the distribution of family income in the United States by size of place
of residence.

The other families in this income class live in the larger cities. Even
here, however, the big cities do not have a preponderant edge, indicating
that big family incomes and big

cities do not necessarily go together,
any popular notion to the contrary.

The figures show, for example,
that only about two out of every
ten of the families in the 85,000
a year income class live in the big-
gest cities, those Avith populations
of a million or more. More than
three out of every ten of such fam-
ilies are residents of cities ranging
in population from 50,000 to a mil-
lion. As to the latter group, there
is a relatively small difference in
number and percentage of these
families who live in cities grouped
in the 50,000 - 250,000 population
range and those living in cities with
populations of 250,000 to a million.

The middle income brackets of
$3,000 to $5,000 a year show equally
interesting results. The Census
Bureau figures disclose that a large
number and percentage of families
in this income bracket live in the
smaller cities and rural areas com-
bined than in the large cities and big
metropolises. However, the number
of families in the income brackets
under 83,000 a year parallels the
size of place of residence, with the
largest number of such families in
rural areas and the smallest number
in the biggest cities.

The figures for middle income

and upper bracket families indicate
a remarkably wide geographical dis-
tribution of larger incomes among
the nation's families, irrespective
of the size of community. Since
personal earnings represent by far
the greatest part of most family in-
comes, the figures likewise indicate
the widespread extent of economic
opportunity throughout the nation.
Such a situation is of the utmost
consequence to the nation socially,
politically and economically and is
a tribute to the workings of our
free institutions and enterprise sys-
tem.

The Census Bureau defines in-
come in its study as total money in-
come which includes receipts from
investments and other sources as
well as income from a job or busi-
ness. The figures are for 1946 and
are the result of a survey made last
year. Location of the smaller cities
or rural areas in relation to the big
cities is not broken down. Undoubt-
edly many of these communities are
in, or within commuting distance of,
the larger metropolitan areas where
a substantial number of family
heads may earn their livelihood.
However, the number of families
in the middle and upper income
brackets who live in the small cities
and rural areas is so large, some 7

THE (• A H P E X T E R

million in the ag-greg-ate. as to indi-
cate the fundamental importance of
local sources of earnings in the in-
comes of their residents.

400,000 WOMEX HEAD

$5,000 INCOME HOMES

Bureau of the Census figures show
that out of over 3 million families of
which a woman was the head of the
household, 400,000 had incomes of
So. 000 a year or more in 19 46. Of
these about 50,000 had incomes of
SI 0,000 a year or over. Approx-
imately one out of every eight of
such families in the §5,000 and over
income bracket lived in rural non-
farm areas and the rest in the cities.

There were nearly 700,000 fam-
ilies headed by women with incomes
of $3,000 to $5,000 a year of whom
about one out of every nine lived in
rural areas. The $3,0 0 0 and under
income bracket had more than 2.000,-
0 00 of such families of whom about
one out of every four lived in rural
areas.

The following table gives the est-
imated number of families headed by
women (000 omitted) distributed by
income level and place of residence:

Income Level Urban Rural Total

Under $3,000 1,700 500 2,200

$3,000-$5,000 600 100 700

$5,000 & Over 300 100 400

Source: Bureau of the Census

The hgoires show about 9^ million
families living' in urban and rural
non-farm areas combined with in-
comes of between $3,000 and 85,000
a year in 1946, Of these, jj per cent
lived in the cities and the rest in
rural districts. Of the urban group.
36 per cent of such families lived in
the small cities, those with popula-
tions of under 50,000. Twenty-two
per cent lived in cities of a million
and over, and i per cent each in

cities of 250,000 to a million and
50,000 to 250.000. In number and
percentag"e. the rural areas were
second to the smallest cities in the
number of such families.

There are more than 5 million
families in the $5,000 and over in-
come class of which approximately
4i million lived in cities and close
to a million in rural areas. Of the
urban group, the larg"est number of
such families, amounting- to nearly
1.4 million, lived in the small cities
of under 50,000 population. Xext
came the big metropolises with
about I.I million of such families.
Rural areas were third. Cities of
250,000 to a million had over 900,-
000 of such families. The cities
with populations of 50,000 to 250.-
000 had about 800,000 of such fam-
ilies.

The great majority of these well-
to-do families, about 87 per cent,
had incomes of between $5,000 and
Sio,ooo a year. The Census Bureau
study indicated there were approx-
imately 700.000 families in the Sio.-
000 a year and over income brack-
ets. The largest per cent, lived in
the smallest cities with populations
of 2.500 to 50,000. The second larg-
est number, representing 22 per
cent, resided in rural non-farm
areas. The big metropolises were
third with 19 per cent.

The following table gives the esti-
mated number of urban and rural
non-farm families (000 omited ) dis-
tributed by total annual money in-
come in 1946 and size of place of
residence :

INCOME BRACKET

T.OCATION Under S3,0OO

I'lban «Sr Rural 15.100

I'iban 10,300

1,000,000 & Over 1,700

250,000-1,000.000 2.000

50,000-250,000 2.100

2,500 to 50,000 4.500

Rural 4,80O

Source: Bureau of the Census.

$5,000

S3.0O0-S5,0O0

& Over

0,500

5,200

7,300

4.200

1.60O

1,100

1,500

900

1,600

800

2,600

1.400

3,200

1,000

Photo by "American Lumberman and Building
Products Merchandiser."

Judg^es examining entry in Fort Wayne,
Ind., model home contest.

BUILDING CAN BE FUN

* *

WANT TO BUY a new house,
and with quick delivery!
Simple enough — the postman
delivers 3^ou a house, in knock-down
form, right along with the telephone bill.

And if father or son or both are clever
at working jig saw puzzles there are a
lot of interesting evenings to be spent in
putting the thing together. Learn a lot,
too.

No hammer or saw are needed — the cutting of the lumber has been done
in the shop.

The model houses, built to exact scale of a real man-sized house, are
the product of the "Tru-Models, Inc.," 426 East Terrace Street, Indian-
apolis, Ind.

The house is delivered as a package — a bundle of 2100 tiny wooden
pieces. There are printed directions to follow in using a tube of glue, a
bit of sand paper and a pocket knife in erection of the house. There are
no nails to drive.

It is intended that erection of the
houses be instructive and inspira-
tional to youth. Junior may want
to call for help from his father or
neighborhood pal, but only because
he would want to share the fun in
figuring out what it takes for good
house construction.

The Tru-Models, Inc., has sold
2,000 of the model house kit in the
past year. That isn't enough pro-
duction to make the business profit-
able, but those who have promoted
the idea and provided the limited
capital are dependent on other jobs
for their pay-envelope. For the
present Robert E. Russell, presi-
dent of Tru-Models, and his friend-
ly associates, are more interested
in promoting the idea as a hobby
than as a money maker. They con-
sider they are doing a lot of good

for youth and for the present that
is sufiicient compensation.

Mr. Russell, graduate of the
Business School. Indiana Univer-
sity, 1934, says he always has been an
amateur craftsman as a hobby. His
friends says he is an expert drafts-
man, though he has not followed
that professionally. He served in
the war as a technical observer with
the Fifth Air Force in the south-
west Pacific. Most of his twenty-
six months overseas were spent in
New Guinea. He had a lot of dreams
for the future while away, but it
was in 1945 while employed in pub-
lic relations work for the Indiana
Lumber and Builders Supply Asso-
ciation that he developed the model
house kit. He is now managing edi-
tor of the "American Lumberman,

THE CARPENTER

139 North Clark street, Chicag-o, but
uses spare time in sales promotion
of the model houses made in his
home town of Indianapolis.

"In 1945 there was public criti-
cism, much unjustified, of the build-
ing industry — contractors, workers
and suppliers of materials," com-
mented Russell. "I thought much of
the criticism was due to lack of

more than making simple things
like book shelves or ironing boards.
As a lumberman I thought boys
should know more about wood and
its uses. I thought too it is impor-
tant boys learn fundamentals of
construction.

"I developed plans for our first
model. But the plans we now use
represent a reproduction of the 47-I

Photo by "American Lumberman and Building Products Merchandiser.'
This cut-away model shows the completeness of the industry engineered model house.
It is perfect in every detail, and putting it together involves every problem that w^ould be
encountered in erecting a full size home. The youngster or adult who puts together such
a model home has a better knowledge of what is involved in home construction than he
could get from reading any number of books or listening to any number of lectures.

information. Most persons had no
idea of what it takes in time and
material to build a house. Few
knew of the carpenter's skill. Most
persons know nothing of the con-
struction features of a house. They
do not appreciate that modern de-
sign and methods are up to date as
those relating to any other product.
Good mechanics are important to
the country. Too many shops of vo-
cational schools were doing- little

Industry-Engineered House which
employs the principles of modu-
lated coordination.

"These kits contain approximate-
ly 1200 pieces of accurately scaled
miniature lumber of standard di-
mensions. They also contain about
900 miniature thick-butt shingles,
termite shield, sill bolts, pattern
stock for millwork, concrete blocks
for top of foundation wall, and
all other materials — tiny parts — -re-

THE CARPENTER

quired to build an absolutely au-
thentic model house."

"Our kits are built from a series
of three dimensional drawings rath-
er than blue prints. These drawings
show in perspective the exact posi-
tion of every house member. This
was done to enable persons unfa-
miliar with blue print reading to
understand how a house goes up,
and is one of the unique features of
the kit. X'ocational teachers say a
study of these drawings makes an
excellent background for a later
study of blue print reading and
drafting.

Otto Reifeis. 729 Orange street,
Indianapolis, is a die maker by
trade, employed by the ]\Ioran Elec-
tric Company. In odd hours he de-
signed the special machinery and
multiple saws used in cutting, mass
production style, of the many pieces
needed in assembling the model
houses. His three sons. Robert L.,
Otto. jr.. and Edward, all mechan-
ical engineering students of Purdue
University, have been the chief part-
time workers in the factory. J. B.
Candy, a CleA-eland oil company
salesman, and Harrold H. Gerrard,
an Indianapolis business man. are
other associates.

A single model house kit sells at
S12.50, post-paid, though a better
price is given on quantity sales.

The late Father Flanagan Avas
among the tirst customers, purchas-
ing several models for instructional
purposes in his famed Boys' Town.

St. Louis lumber dealers bought
500 models, presenting most of them
to Boy Scouts, public school voca-
tional shops and city recreational
centers where fathers joined sons in
assembly work. The Chicago park
board bought the tiny houses for
eight recreation centers. Union car-
penters have co-operated in inter-

esting boys, including their own
sons, in the models.

In Fort Wayne the Lumber and
Supply Dealers' Club bought the
models and fostered the teaching of
house construction and knowledge
of wood to 600 boys in the school
shops. The boys can now talk the
language of 2x6x16 and 2x4x12,
studs and jack rafters. The Fort
W ayne boys participated in a con-
test, shop tools for prizes. Fred
AA itte, business representative of
the Fort A\'ayne carpenters' local,
United Brotherhood of Carpenters
and Joiners of America, was among
the prominent citizens to serve as a
judge.

The roof of a model is portable —
the lifting of the roof gives a bor a
better chance to study the interior.

"Boys become so fascinated in
learning the mysteries of building
through these model houses that
they have no time to indulge in the
mischief that comes through idle-
ness," commented President Rus-
sell. "Good mechanics are always
good citizens."

The Right to

VOTE

Is Your

Don't Fail to Use It

Editorial

An Expensive Lesson

As more primary elections come- and go in the various states it becomes
increasingly clear that the labor vote is going to be a tremendous factor
in the general elections next November. Candidates who placed their
hopes during primary elections on anti-la1)or acts and utterances have
fared badly in virtually all sections of the nation. On the other hand, many
candidates who displayed sympathy toward and understanding of the
aims and objectives of organized labor came out on top with active labor
support. That is as it should be. The most vital problem facing workers
and unions today is the legislative crisis created by the Eightieth Con-
gress. Many hard won rights and prerogatives of labor have been legis-
lated away by Congress and the state legislatures. Many others are in
jeopardy unless men more sympathetic to the labor viewpoint are elected
to office to replace the reactionaries who dance to any tune called by Big
Business.

In 1946, the Eightieth Congress, listening to NAM propaganda, aban-
doned all efforts to keep prices in check. The NAM insisted that "if OPA
is permanently discontinued the production of goods will mount rapidly
and prices will quickly adjust themselves to levels that consumers are
willing to pay." The result has been that prices have increased a full
thirty per cent since 1946. The Federal Reserve Board discloses the fact
that one fourth of American families are now finding it necessary to dip
into savings each month to get by. The Department of Commerce discloses
that wage and salary income has increased only six per cent during the
past three years while profits have advanced sixty per cent.

All these things add up to the fact that American workers are taking
a terrific beating. It amounts to around twenty-fi\'e billion dollars a year.
In the last two years skyrocketing prices have taken some fifty billion
dollars out of the pay envelopes of working people. To all intents and
purposes the results of Congressional failure to hold back prices are the
same as if a consumers' tax of twenty-five billion dollars a year had been
levied against workers' pay checks.

It all came about because fifty-six million eligible American voters
failed to go to the polls in 1946. As a result, agents of Big Business
obtained a majority in Congress and the little people have been paving
the price ever since. The last twenty-four months have provided vou and
me with a fifty billion dollar lesson in citizenship.

With labor's rights standing in jeopardy, with inflation squeezing the
lifeblood out of most workers, it ought to be clear to all of us that political
education stands as the paramount issue of the year. The crisis of our
time is political in nature. The solution will have to be political, too. It
consists simply of electing labor's friends and defeating its enemies.

22 THECAKPEXTER

For years our Constitution and standing decisions of the General
Executive Board have forbade discussions of political or sectarian matters
in union meetings. That is as it should be. Partisan politics as such have
no place in a great democratic organization such as our Brotherhood
which is composed of all races, creeds, colors, and honest political beliefs.
However, the present crisis transcends partisan politics. It is a matter of
life or death to our union. It is a matter of prosperity or depression to
millions of our people.

Under the circumstances, the present crisis ought rightfully to be con-
sider as a matter for union discussion, — for the \'ery future of the union
is at stake. The discussion need not be — nor should it be — partisan in
nature. It should adhere to the traditional policy of rewarding friends and
punishing enemies. In all parties labor has both friends and foes. By
intelligent discussion union members can ferret them out and act accord-
ingly. Once they have separated the sheep from the goats, they should
and must back their friends to the limit and fight their enemies to the
bitter end. That is the American A\'ay. It is the Union way. It is also the

effective way.

•

Confusion Unlimited

Back in April, 1946, during the Twenty-fifth Annual Convention of
our Brotherhood, George ^leany, Secretary-Treasurer of the American
Federation of Labor, wound up a masterly speech with these words: "Our
experiences during the war have told us better than anything else that one
thing labor must fight in this post-war period and one thing labor must
eliminate is control of labor relations by people in the political field."
How true the past three years have proved those words to be I More and
more in the last thirty-six months Congress and the government have in-
jected themselves into labor relations. And the more they have tried to
bring about industrial harmony through legislation and rule making, the
more confused and unsettled the labor picture has grown.

The crowning achievement of the political labor "experts" was passage
of the Taft-Hartley Act. This one piece of legislation incorporates all
the ideas, theories, guesses and crystal-gazing conclusions of all the poli-
tical labor "experts" of the Eightieth Congress. Nine months after the
law went into effect neither the backers of the law, the men who were
selected to administer it, nor the people who are supposedly bound b}' it
can agree as to what it means or what it covers or what it provides. Even
the Wall Street Journal, mouthpiece of Big Business, calls it "collective
litigation which replaces collective bargaining." Better than anything else
the Taft-Hartley Act validates George Meany's contention that people
in the political field have no business in labor relations.

This entire issue of The Carpenter would not be big enough to enu-
merate all the contradictions, inconsistencies and conflicts Avhich have
developed since the Act became laAv. The Act prohibits secondary boy-
cotts, but no one has yet been able to determine vvdiat a secondary boycott
consists of. There are as many opinions as there are Field Examiners,

(Continued on page 27)

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I REMEMBER"

Some reminiscences from 35 years

in the building industry by W. H. Upson

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STATE

THECAKPENTER 27

(Continued from page 22)

Administrators and Officials. The Act covers places of employment "affect-
ing interstate commerce." Already there have been more definitions of
the phrase "affecting interstate commerce" than Heinz has pickles.

As an illustration of what can happen under the present confused and
complicated labor relations picture, the DiGiorgio case takes the cake.
Some ten months ago, thousands of fruit and vegetable workers in lower
California struck against the unsatisfactory wages and working condi-
tions existing at the DiGiorgio holdings, an absentee-ownership, mass-
production farm enterprise. The workers belong to the National Farm
Laborers Union. Early in the strike the union was reliably informed that
it did not come under the provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act because its
members were employed in "agriculture." The first of last month, how-
ever, NLRB General Counsel Denham took a hand in the dispute. He
asked for an injunction against the Farmers Union and several other inter-
national unions on the grounds that a secondary boycott was involved. The
fact that no one had ever defined just what constitutes a secondary boy-
cott did not bother Denham. He made up his own.

So the Farm Workers Union found itself in a very peculiar situation,
thanks to the political labor "experts."

When and if the farm workers wanted certification privileges under
the Act, they were not a "labor organization." On the other hand when a
strike situation became serious, Mr. Denham argued that they constituted
a "labor organization" under the Act and were therefore subject to injunc-
tion procedures set up in the Act.

This is the sort of thing that happens when politicians take charge of
labor relations. No wonder George Meany objects so strenuously.

Everybody Wants to Get in the Act

(Althouj)rh written prior to the Republican and Democratic conventions, the following editorial is
comparatively timeless in as much as it deals with a new political trend.)

Have you noticed that all God's candidates got liberalism these days?

Even Taft. AYe have just noticed a handout from the National Taft-
For-President Club which announced in a newspaper quote that "Taft is a
Conservative-Liberal."

Franklin Roosevelt was a Liberal, of course; he practically copyrighted
the label. And since Tom Dewey campaigned in 1944 on the basis that he
could do everything that Franklin did, only better, he must be some kind
of a Liberal too. Maybe a sort of Blue Serge Efficiency-Liberal.

Hank Wallace is of course a Totalitarian Liberal. Truman is a Liberal-
Democrat. Stassen is a Liberal ; you can't be anything else from the dairy
country — a Native-Soil-Liberal.

Then there's Vandenberg. Some meanie is reported to have remarked
that his voting record shows he has been on both sides of most everything.
That would make him at least a Part-Time-Liberal.

28 THECAKPEXTER

Even the dark horses are Liberal. Since Franklin Junior and Elliott
are out for Eisenhower, he must be one, whether he likes it or not. Prob-
ably some columnist will start calling- him a Military-Liberal pretty soon.

Alf. ]\I. Landon was given permission by the Federal Communications
Commission to operate a radio station in Liberal, Kansas. That must mean
something-, and vou can't get a darker horse than Alf, unless a'ou want to
consider this proposal to nominate Mrs. Roosevelt for President and
Walter Reuther of the auto workers' union for Mce President. "Creat-
ing." says labor lawyer Louis AA'aldman, "a home for the Liberal home-
less." What a housing shortage !

}^Ian and boy, the writer of this editorial has been around Washington
for nigh onto 40 years. Remembers Taft the Elder floating over the pave-
ment in his patent leather shoes, as full of shrimp creole as one of those
jolly balloons in Mac3^'s Parade is of helium. And Theodore Roosevelt,
smiling like a 1948 Buick. And AA'oodrow Wilson's solemn high-school-
gothic facade. And Harding, who. in a silk hat, looked more like a Great
Statesman than even a Great Statesman could. Yes, sir; back there the
Tw^eedledums and Tweedledees stood up like men and were counted. You
could tell them apart. They weren't all Liberals.

Once, during a certain campaign in that far-off heroic time, a beery
sage named Henr}^ Mencken who lives in a place called Balmermerlin
said the Republicans could win with a Chinaman.

It may be that 1948 will prove the words of the prophet true. But if
the Republicans try it, he'll have to be a Liberal-Chinaman.

(P. S. Don't ask us what the word means these days!) — A\''ashington
News.

Much Fiction, Little Fact

As the national political kettle begins bubbling, the name of General
President AVilliam L. Hutcheson keeps cropping up in the news. First one
publication then another confidentially predicts that he and the United
Brotherhood of Carpenters Non-partisan Committee will jump on one
band wagon or another. All such statements are pure conjecture and
without foundation of fact.

As the name implies, the United Brotherhood Non-partisan Committee
for the Repeal and Defeat of Anti-labor Legislation is set up for the sole
purpose of repealing and defeating legislation detrimental to the best
interests of all workers in general and organized carpenters in particular.
As president of the Non-partisan Committee, General President Hutcheson
is similarly dedicated. To achieve these desirable ends, some commit-
ments may eventually become necessary. When and if they do, members of
the United Brotherhood will be the first to be appraised of the situation.

Li the meantime, stories allegedly giving the inside dope about what
General President Hutcheson is going to do can be treated as pure fiction ;
for that is what they are.

PENNSYLVANIA STARTS REFORESTATION PROGRAM

PENNSYLVANIA is embarking on the largest reforestation program
in its 267-year history. The State Department of Forests and \\^aters
disclosed last month that it has started a program to raise at its six
nurseries some 50,000,000 seedlings yearly. The program which has a
scope sufficient to reforest 50,000 acres of denuded lands yearly, aims at
starting the State back on the road as an important lumber producer. In
1681, when Charles II granted a charter for the new colony of Penn's
Woods," the Commonwealth's 45,331 square miles were covered by forest
primeval. By i860, Pennsylvania led all other states in lumber production
and for the next three decades lum-

bering surpassed all other indus-
tries in the State. By the turn of
the century, however, the woods-
man's axe had taken its toll. From
then on its forests failed to meet
the State's needs and Pennsylvania
has imported lumber ever since.

Forests still cover just one-half
of Pennsylvania's countryside — at
last count in 1944 just 52 per cent.
Much of these woodlands are pro-
ducing very little lumber.

The U. S. Department of Com-
merce in 1945 reported Pennsyl-
vania's production as 463,688,000
board feet, or less than two per cent.

The bulk of this production came
from privately owned lands, al-
though some 70,000,000 board feet
of lumber came from State-owned
forests during the war years, a
source that has now virtually dried
up.

On the 1,750,000 acres of State-
owned forests, selective cutting has
been the rule since the forest acqui-
sition program was initiated in 1897
with the purchase of 40,000 acres
at the headwaters of the Delaware,
Susquehanna and Allegheny Rivers.

On Commonwealth tracts, forest-
ers mark mature, damaged and un-
desirable trees. No others may be

removed by timbering contractors.

The State's augmented seedling
program gets under way with its
nurseries scraping the bottom of the
barrel because of war years scarci-
ties. The 1948 production of nurser-
ies at Mont Alto in Clearfield
County, Greenwood Furnace in
Huntingdon County and Potter's
Mills in Centre County amount to
only 5,000,000 seedlings and trans-
plants.

This year, the State has acquired
the former U. S. Soil Conservation
Service nursery at Howard, Centre
County, and a lOO-acre farm at
Kutztown State Teachers College.

At the six locations, 6,000 pounds
of tree seeds have been planted in 30
miles of four-foot seed bed. This
represents 60,000,000 seedlings, of
which 50,000,000 are expected to be
made available for replanting.

The bulk of this production will
be made available to land owners at
cost or less.

On minimum orders of 1,000, the
new price is $6 a thousand for one or
two-year-old seedlings and $15 a
thousand for three to four-year-old
transplants. A thousand, planted
six feet apart, will reforest about an
acre. — Philadelphia Bulletin

Whether you like it or not

You Are In Politics

* *

So YOU DON'T LIKE what the 8oth. Congress did to you in the last
two years. You didn't get better schools for your children, you didn't
get an increased old age pension, you didn't get a higher minimum
wage, you didn't get a home at a price you could afford. But you did
get dollar a pound butter, a tax law that made the rich richer and did
nothing for you, and you got an unworkable labor law that stripped
you of all your hard won gains since 1932.

What are you going to do about it? Public opinion polls show that
the working man takes less interest than anyone else in politics. It may
seem fantastic. . . .but many of our own A. F. of L. members think that
a reactionary sweep in the November election is inevitable. They assume
that there is some magic wand that •

swings elections one way ojr an-
other. The plain truth of the matter
is that if the 43 million of us wage
and salary workers would quit sit-
ting around grumbling about our
sorry fate, and get out the vote
starting right now, we could easily
bring in a liberal Congress by an
overwhelming vote.

"He also serves who only stands
and waits" does not apply to poli-
tics. The one day in the year when
all men are equal is on election day.
Your vote is as good as anyone
else's ... be he a captain of industry
or the last apprentice hired.

If you don't vote, nobody else can
do it for you. Just as in a UNION
SHOP Election where failure to
vote is a vote for NO union, failure
to vote on election day is a betrayal
of your champion in Congress and
a boost to his reactionary opposi-
tion.

Elections are won in the precinct
. . .by ballots in the box. Every re-
actionary politician knows that so
long as his opposition does not
build a flesh and blood organization

in every precinct to turn out the
votes on election day, he has no-
thing to worry about.

War and politics are a lot alike.
Neither is won by threats and re-
solutions. Both are won by well
organized armies in the field. That
is why the United Brotherhood
Nonpartisan Committee for the Re-
peal and Defeat of Anti-Union Leg-
islation was formed. But just as in
war so in political action, it is not
the General but the men in the line
who win the victories. That is why
we must have active local commit-
tees organized jointly by all the
local unions in each community and
Congressional District in this coun-
try. National and State committees
are not enough.

There are more than 100,000 pre-
cincts in this country. Just as we
have a shop steward in every A. F.
of L. shop, we must have a Union
Political Steward in every one of
the 100,000 precincts to protect our
political interests. Every Steward
must head a committee of trade
union volunteers each with his as-

THE CARPENTER

signed area within his neighbor-
hood. Success or failure of our pro-
gram depends on these front line
volunteers. It is up to them to get
their neighbors registered, their
poll tax paid, and out on election
day to vote for labor's friends.

The alibi of the non-voter or the
wrong voter is that he didn't know
anything about the candidates. It
is up to our committees and our
precinct committeemen to tell these
people why and how to vote and get
their ballots in the box on election
day.

Many of us shrug off our political
responsibilities by saying politics is
a dirty business and neither major
party puts up worthy candidates.
Well, whether you like it or not. . .
you are in politics right now. Gov-
ernment is a huge enterprise today
spending 40 billions a year making
laws that affect our lives every min-
ute of the day. You can't avoid gov-
ernment or politics by walking away
and sticking your head in the sand.
Politics is everybody's business be-
cause it affects everybody. If you
want to have any say in how you
are governed you have to demon-

strate your right to self govern-
ment by exercising your right to
vote.

Any party and any candidate can
be changed. Corrupt unrepresent-
ative machines are the fault of lazy
disinterested citizens. When we
have a permanent army of trade
union political committeemen in
every precinct in the country ready
to inform the voting public when
a Congressman betrays the people
and ready to turn out the vote on el-
ection day, then the complexion of
politics, public offfce holders, and
the laws passed will change for the
better.

You can't continue to enjoy the
rights of democracy unless you ac-
cept the responsibilities of demo-
cracy. . .that/ means registering and
voting intelligently.

Let's get into action now. . .not
next year or next week. Time is
running out. Where can you do
the biggest and best job for victory?
The answer is. . . .right in your own
community and precinct. Get in
touch with your local Non-Partisan
Committee and volunteer to help
deliver the vote in your own neigh-
borhood and precinct.

Inflation Slows Up Bond Sales

The government had to pay out $40,000,000 more than it took in on
Series E savings bonds (the kind little people bu}') during April, May and
June, despite the "stop-inflation" security loan drive from April 15 to
June 30.

However, sales of F and G savings bonds, also covered in the drive,
ran $213,000,000 higher than cash-ins for the three months. Thus the gov-
ernment came out $173,000,000 ahead on the dri\'e. No advance goal was set.

Treasury records showed that for E bonds alone, April through June,
sales totaled $968,000,000 while redemptions totaled $1,008,000,000, includ-
ing accumulated interest. For the E, F and G Series combined, sales were
$1,397,000,000; cash-ins, $1,224,000,000.

Official Information

General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS

of A3IERICA

General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Genkrai. President

WM. L. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First Gexeeai. Vice-President

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

SEf OND General Vice-President

JOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Secretary

FRANK DUFFY

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis. Ind.

General Teeasteer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Executive Board

First District, CHARLES JOHNSON. JR.
Ill E. 22nd St.. New York 10, N. Y.

Second District, O. WM. BLAIER
933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11. Pa.

Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Sixth District, A. W. MUIB
Box 1168. Santa Barbara. Calif.

Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave.. Cleveland, O.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3560 St. I-a-wrence, Montreal. Que.. Can.

Fourth District. ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary

All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretar.v

CORRECTION

111 an editorial in the June issue, Oregon was listed as one of the states
prohibiting all forms of union security by state statute. This was an error.
Oregon has no anti-union-shop law at the present time. The editorial in
question was based on information received from a high-powered A\'ash-
ington analytical agency which erroneousl}^ included Oregon among the
states banning union shop. If this proves anything it is that the high-
powered boys can make mistakes, too.

At any rate, we extend apologies to our Oregon readers with the sin-
cere hope they will never have to cope with an anti-union-shop law.

CONATJNTION CALL,

In accordance with, the provisions of the Constitution, you are hereby informed
that the Sixty-third Annual Convention of the Trades and Labor Congress of
Canada will be held in the Siroco Club, View Street, Victoria, British Columbia.
beginning at 10 a.m. (City Time) Monday, October 11, 1948 and continuing
daily until the business of the Convention has been completed.

NEW CHARTERS ISSUED

2686
2272
2479

2480
2481

Issaquah, Wash.
Warren Pa.
Fairfield 111.
Cleveland Ohio
Alliance Ohio

2731 St. Malo, Que., Can.

2815 Brookings, Ore.

1171 Shakopee, IMinn.

2482 Greensboro, N. C.

3(n M

ttnoviam

Not lost to those that love them, They still live in our memory,

Not dead, just gone before; And will f Oliver more

%.tBi in l^tntt

The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.

Brother CLIFTON ANDERSON, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother W. R. ARMSTRONG, Local No. 103, Birmingham, Ala.

Brother KRINE BAKER, Local No. 490, Passaic, N. J.

Brother MORRIS BLUMENTHAL, Local No. 385, New York, N. Y.

Brother SAM A. BRENTNALL, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother BRUCE CARR, Local No. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex.

Brother W. I. CARTWRIGHT, Local No. 198, Dallas, Tex.

Brother ANTHONY DALMOLIN, Local No. 177, Springfield, Mass.

Brother DAVID DAVIS, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.

Brother WALTER W. DAVISON, Local No. 11, Cleveland, Ohio

Brother JOSEPH DEUTSCHMAN, Local No. 808, New York, N. Y.

Brother E. C. DOYLE, Local No. 198, Dallas, Texas

Brother H. L. DURHAM, Local No. 103, Birmingham, Ala.

Brother WM. FRENDREIS, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.

Brother ROY A. GRAVES, Local No. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex.

Brother E. E. HARRIS, Local No. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex.

Brother CHESTER G. HOOVER, Local No. 190, Klamath Falls, Ore.

Brother J. J. HUMBLING, Local No. 470, Tacoma. Wash.

Brother HOWARD HURLBURT, Local No. 278, Watertown, N. Y.

Brother G. T. JOHNSON, Local No. 103, Birmingham, ALA.

Brother CHARLES KING, Local No. 278, Watertown, N. Y.

Brother LOUIE LARSON, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother EARL McCLEARY, Local No. 1497, E. Los Angeles, Cal.

Brother WILLIAM MALONEY, Local No. 1577, Buffalo, N. Y.

Brother GEORGE E. MAUGER, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Tex.

Brother CHARLES S. MEEKS, Local No. 1723, Columbus, Ga.

Brother ANGELO MENTESANA, Local No. 385, New York, N. Y.

Brother WILLIAM W. MOXHAM, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.

Brother B. J. MURPHY, Local No. 764, Shreveport, La.

Brother JOHN NILSSON, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother WALTER O'SHEA, Local No. 278, Watertown, N. Y.

Brother WENZEL OTTO, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.

Brother C. A. PARRY, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Cal.

Brother H. PEDERSON, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Cal.

Brother PERCY T. PERKINS, Local No. 1652, Hampton, N. H.

Brother C. M. PITTMAN, Local No. 103, Birmingham, Ala.

Brother WM. R. POMEROY, Local No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.

Brother W. L. POWELL, Local No. 198, Dallas, Tex.

Brother SAM C. PYATT, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother NICK ROESCH, Local No. 419, Chicago, III.

Brother WALTER J. ROGERS, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother W. A. ROWE, Local No. 470, Tacoma, Wash.

Brother H. L. ROWLAND, Local No. 764, Shreveport, La.

Brother CARL SCHNELL, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Cal.

Brother H. O. SMITH, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.

Brother HORACE P. SMOTHERMAN, Local No. 627, Jacksonville, Fla.

Brother E. W. SNYDER, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother GUS A. STERNER, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother CHRISTOPHER STICKEL, Local No. 808, New York, N. Y.

Brother BERT TAYLOR, Local No. 1497, E. Los Angeles, Cal.

Brother ELMER C. TEDFORD, Local No. 14, San Antonio, Tex.

Brother C. R. TIMMERMAN, Local No. 1497, E. Los Angeles, Cal.

Brother JOHN TYO, Local No. 278, Watertown, N. Y.

Brother FRANK J. WOLFE, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.

Brother JOHN YORK, Local No. 946, Los Angeles, Cal.

Brother JAQUES ZAPF, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.

CorrospondoncQ \

This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.

TEXAS STATE COUNCIL. HOLDS FIRST ANNUAL, CONCXAVE

The Texas State Council of Carpenters held its first annual convention in Fort
Worth during June 17th, 18th and 19th.

The Convention was attended by 8 4 delegates from 35 Local Unions. Fifty-
three Locals are afiiliated but owing to so much construction throughout the State,
many Locals were unable to get delegates to the Convention. Harmony prevailed
throughout the torrid three days. Much constructive business was handled at this
First Convention. Proceedings will be off the press in the near future.

Reports from many sections of the State lead us to believe that labor has
wakened up politically and will take time out to vote for friends of labor. We in
this great State are having our greatest growth and are trying to meet the many
issues that go with such a growth.

One of the most constructive things accomplished at the Convention was the
setting up of a committee to work for State-wide universal apprentice training.
Our apprentice training should be one of much interest to the Brotherhood in as
much as many youths seek membership in our Locals. Our General Contractors
are demanding skilled workmen and through this medium we can supply the
demand if we but meet the issue.

Our Convention attracted several prominent speakers and much attention was
paid Mr. L. M. D. Wells of the law firm of Mullinax-Wells-Ball, attorneys for the
Texas State Federation of Labor. Mr. Wells used the Taft-Hartley Act for his
principal address and explained in detail many parts of the law and answered many '
inquiries by several delegates.

The Council received pleasant greetings from several sources that were greatly
appreciated, and looks forward to a better and bigger Convention in 1949, when we
will meet in Beaumont, Texas, in June. We wish to invite our friends to be with us.

SAN DIEGO LOCAL DEDICATES FINE NEAV HOME

Because officers and members of Local Union No. 1296, San Diego, past and
present, living and dead, had foresight and vision, the Union today is operating
in one of the finest Labor Temples on the Pacific Coast. Located at Broadway and
Twenty-third Street, the new home of Local Union No. 12 9 6 is a model of beauty
and efficiency. Highlight of the building is an auditorium which can seat 1,200.

Saturday, May 1st, Local Union No. 129 6 dedicated its new home with an all
day open house and evening ceremony. Literally thousands of members and
friends filled the building from early morning until dancing broke up at midnight.
At the evening ceremony Mayor Harley E. Knox paid tribute to the accomplish-
ments of Local Union No. 129 6 as did DeGraf Austin, chairman of the Board of
Supervisors, Judge Joe Shell, Judge Dean Sherry, and a host of other prominent
civic and labor dignitaries.

Consisting of a hiring hall, a small meeting hall in addition to the main audi-
torium, ladies' clubroom, men's clubroom, kitchen, stage and dressing rooms, and
a number of offices, the new headquarters building of Local Union 129 6 is a show-
place. In addition to Local Union No. 1296, the new building will house the Dis-
trict Council of Carpenters; Millmen's Local No. 20 20; Boatbuilders' Local No.
1300; Floorlayers' Local No. 2074; and Roofers' Local No. 553.

The entire labor movement of Southern California is proud of the achievement
of Local No. 129 6.

THE CARPEXTER

IVirSKEGOX PAYS TRIBUTE TO OLD TrVIERS

At a special meeting held on the night of April 6, Local Union No. 100, Muske-
gon, Michigan, paid loving tribute to a large group of old timers, each of whom
has anywhere from thirty-one to forty-five years of membership to his credit. By
special arrangement, cars were provided for the benefit of the old timers. They
were picked up and brought to the meeting and returned home at its conclusion.

—%

Front Row: Robert Wackernagel, Sr., 43V-> years; George Dausey, 51 yecirs; Roy
Hurson, 45 1>^ years; George Hagen, 44 years; and Alex. Gainer 45^0 years.

Back Row: Edward Zagers, 41 years; Edward Langing, 41 years; Chris, Bergsma, 32^2
years; Joseph Dawson, 39 years; Ernest Rollenhagen, 31 years; Walter Neady, 34 years;
Bert Wheeler, 31 years; John Rustad, 37 years; and Theodore Musgrave, 31 ^^ years.

Absent from picture: Henry Chartrand, 45% years; Lauritz Hansen, 42 years; Francis
Zimmer, 32 years; and John DeYoung, 31 years. (Apologies to Brother DeYoung for being
overlooked in the search for old timers.)

For several of them it was their first visit to the fine new home which the Union
recently completed and dedicated. A fine turnout was on hand to greet and renew
old acquaintances.

During the course of the evening many fine tributes were paid to the old timers.
Highlight of the meeting was the presentation of a gift to each old timer by the
Union. Not all the old timers were able to attend but it is hoped to get them all
together before the end of the summer.

ARKANSAS STATE LI^TMBER WORKERS ROLL UP THEIR SLEEVES

Saturday and Sunday, May 15 and 16, the Arkansas State Council of Lumber
and Sawmill Workers held its annual convention at Hot Springs. In a down-to-
business mood, delegates attacked a full agenda of business connected with the
welfare of the membership. The whole two days were spent in considering vital
problems and acting thereon.

36 T H E r A R P E X T E R

Primarily the convention made plans for organizing the State's forty thousand
lumber -workers whose wages and conditions are among the poorest in the South.
To implement the organizing program, the constitution was amended to increase
the per capita tax by ten cents, the same to be used for the hiring of a full time
organizer to work with Representatives in the territory. The vice presidential
setup was also changed — an Executive Board consisting of eight members from an
equal number of districts replacing the old five-man vice presidential plan.

A large number of important resolutions were adopted. Among them were
resolutions:

Asking all members to join and support labor's political action program.

Requesting Congress to place American Facism in the same category
as Communism and reiterating our organization's opposition to any and all
groups seeking overthrow of our government by any unconstitutional means.

Condemning all anti-labor legislation and opposing all form of invol-
untary servitude.

Advocating election of the President of the United .States by direct ballot.

Advocating promotion of our Brotherhood Label.

Requesting that election days be made general holidays.

The Lumber and Sawmill "Workers of Arkansas have a big job ahead of them,
but if the determination of the delegates to the convention can be used as a

yardstick, eventual success is a foregone conclusion.

OHIO STATE COUXCTL HOLDS BEST MEET

On Wednesday morning, April the twenty-first, the Twenty-eighth Annual Con-
vention of the Ohio State Council of Carpenters '"c.~ ca^l-d into -e-=:on 07 Presi-
dent Harry Schwarzer, in the Ball Room of the Miami Hotr". in layton, Oiiio.
There were forty-one Local Unions and three District Council- :-::---n:-d by one
hundred and twenty-five delegates, accounted for. On Thursday evenirie. the dele-

gates and tneir wives were guests of the Miami Talley Di~t:i't Coun' il at a bancuet
held in the ball room of the hotel. Brother Charles Eiatton. Easiness Represen-
tative of the District Council, acted as Toastmaster and introduced the oScers
and board members of the State Council.

Brother Albert E. Fischer, assistant to the General Secretary delivered the
principal address and explained at length the provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act.
The great surprise of the evening was the showing of the Teclmicolor picture of
the business activities of the General Office of the United Brotherhood and the

THE CARPENTER 37

Home at Lakeland, Florida, with its services and comforts given to our aged
members.

The convention was the most harmonious and enthusiastic ever held. A resolu-
tion was adopted expressing the condolences of the members upon the passing of
Board member Walter Davison, former Sec'y of the Cuyahoga District Council.

Brother Harry Schwarzer, member of the General Executive Board and Presi-
dent of the State Council, was commended for his untiring efforts to improve the
conditions of the members he represents. In a voluntary contribution the delegates
to the convention sent three hundred and eight-two dollars to the United Brother-
hood of Carpenters Non-Partisan Committee for the Repeal and Defeat of Anti-
Labor Legislation.

The incumbent officers were reelected by the unanimous vote of the delegates
and the convention adjourned to meet in Springfield, Ohio, in 1949.

LOCAL, No. 2350 SPONSORS LADLES' NIGHT

Monmouth County Carpenters Local Union No. 2250 of Red Bank, New Jersey
held its Annual Ladies Night in its auditorium on Saturday evening, June 5, 1948.
Several hundred members and their wives attended and enjoyed an evening of
professional entertainment, dancing and refreshments. The auditorium was gayly
decorated for the occasion.

General Executive Board member O. Wm. Blaier and Mrs. Blaier attended as
honored guests and Brother Blaier gave an interesting and enlightening address
which was well received by all present.

During the festivities, Mrs. Dangler, wife of Business Agent Frank A. Dangler,
was presented with an orchid corsage and three pieces of luggage in appreciation
of her services to the organization. After a very enjoyable evening those attend-
ing acclaimed the party a huge success.

•

SLSTIETH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATED BY LOCAL NO. 424

Local Union 424, Hingham, Massachusetts, held its Sixtieth Anniversary Ban-
quet on May 25th at Kimball's Lobster Emporium in the beautiful adjoining town
of Cohasset on the South Shore. This place is famous for its lobster dinners. There
is a large wooden tank in the center of the building elevated three feet above the
floor where the lobsters can be seen crawling around in sea water pumped up from
below.

At 9:00 P.M. thirty-five members and invited guests, including delegates from
the South Shore District Council and Business Agents from Brockson, Quincy and
the South Shore, sat down and enjoyed the banquet. Committee Chairmen called
on some of the guests and members who responded with short speeches and story
telling. The Secretary gave a short sketch of conditions as they existed in May 10,
1888, when Local 424 was organized, and in July 25, 1892 when he joined, and
the condition of things as they exist today, with advanced wages and the forty-
hour week.

Let us hope that old Local 42 4 will carry on for many years to come and
never have to give up the old charter that hangs on the wall. A good time was

enjoyed by all. ♦ ■

PAYETTE LOCAL SPONSORS ANNUAL BANQUnET

Ninety members, friends and guests of Local Union No. 42 6, Payette, Idaho,
journeyed across the state line on the night of February 17th to celebrate the
Union's annual banquet at the Moore Hotel in Ontario, Oregon. With plenty of
good food and good fellowship those who attended enjoyed a really large evening.

In the absence of president R. M. Boyd who was unable to attend, representa-
tive Don Oilman acted as toastmaster. Representative B. W. Sleeman was on hand
to give one of his stellar talks. Other guest speakers included AFL organizer C. F.
Smith, Mrs. Dean Smith, and Leonard Hall, executive secretary of the Idaho State
Federation. Oflicers of the Union in attendance were: trustees George D. Wood,
Carl Jones, and Robert A. Moore; vice president D. I. Fitts; treasurer R. M.
Sparkman; financial secretary and business manager A. L. Blocher. Illness pre-
vented recording secretary J. W. Enterkine from attending.

All who attended enjoyed themselves so much it was the unanimous wish that
another banquet be held next year.

WATERLOO L-IDIES KEEP THESGS HUlVOnNG

The Editor:

Greetings from Ladies Auxiliary No. 345, Waterloo, Iowa.

We have at present 43 members, much, less than we had at one time, but
during the war so many moved away and others made changes which accounted
for our loss in members. We meet the fourth Friday evening of each month in
Labor Temple for our business meeting. After the meeting our husbands join us
and a lunch is served. The second Friday of the month is our social meeting at
which time we do any one of a number of things such as potlucks and picnics with
all of our families attending; card, bunco and bingo parties; dessert luncheons etc.
At many of them we can bring a guest and sometimes we charge, with the proceeds
going to the ausiliaiT.

To stimulate perfect attendance at business meeings we present a Ladies pin
to each member having perfect attendance for a year. Those who have a pin
receive honorable mention. We find the plan very successful. Twice a year, Jan-
uai-y and June, we have a birthday dinner and party honoring the members having
birthdays the sis months previous. It is celebrated by members only at a local
hotel or tea room. Gifts are exchanged by those honored, followed by a short
progi'am and games with prizes. Last month we voted to present a gift to the
members signing up the most applicants for membership during the year to be
presented at the January birthday party. We hope by this plan to increase our
membership.

Last December we had our annual Christmas party for members and their
families. The Auxiliary furnished roast turkey dinner and all of the trimmings
followed by a program, singing, treats for the children. Over 100 were present.

We contribute to all civic and charitable activities. We have sent books, quilts
and money to the Home at Lakeland, Florida. We send flowers to all sick mem-
bers and a gift to each new baby and also help any member in distress in any way
we can. We did Red Cross sewing during the war — we made many quilts and
garments for foreign relief, sent boxes to Veterans Hospitals and also subscribed
to many magazines for them.

To build up our treasury and defray the expenses of our work we have had
rummage sales, paper and brush demonstrations; bazaars, bake sales; luncheons,
sold greeting cards and wrappings, food savers, name labels, note paper etc.;
raffled off a chest of linen, cakes and a rug. In fact we raise funds in any way
we can think of and we are very proud of our treasury and the Savings Bonds we
have bought which make us feel secure in being able to continue our good work
in the future as we have in the past. Even though we have worked we have had a
lot of fun doing it!

R,osa Somer, Recording Secretary.

MEVIPHLS AUXILIARY JOEVS A.F.W.A.L.

The Editor:

Greetings from Ladies' Auxiliary No. 3 3 7, Memphis Tennessee. It has been
several years since we have written THE CARPENTER, and we want everyone to
know we are still flourishing. Our membership is small, but we welcomed three
new members this month and we are hoping to gain more new members eacb
month.

THE C A R P E V T E R 3?

: saber's inc :

luzed. We Hunk :
- ' T twice a year
these parties.

:"-j: for our meir':

; --ritli a par-:

ELBELNTt ATTXTLIARY dFF TO CrOOD STAP.T
The Editor:

Ladies AusHis." J": :". : :: V;:'-i:-:= L:::.'. ;": L: ? H;'. '. :Li' ?r:ii-:;:;
I "Was organized im ";.-_; : 7 L r ^ " ': 7 ]■": - .-_:il; T; :l: rir ::t: "~i: : "* ; ^ ^'.- - -i ? : -■
demt. We liave r~rr.:7-: : -7 riTrr/:-:- ; : . 1 '^:;- : : ^;-"t i:::-; 7:: -'z^ =v— "^
moBtlis "we meeu : z : -^ i r: : ^ : !i ~^' t : _ ;. 1 ; : in 11 ;. r t ^ _. - t i i. 1 1:1 '-r : 7 ~ - . .

At omr me^::- r :~ ]'->.7 ~^ -;- ^ r_:-r ^- v;,;;- -■:--' t:: ]lz- 7::t^ : -t 1; . . t:
I wlio moved ": ?.::!ili~i "^■';,;i.:::r:m. iiii 3i:ii~=i i lusi^e ^n:i i^'- 1; -- '._
ladies, and I~z..i "^1; .--r^rZ

"We aI=-C" !i;.i -> ■;::z :; :f::-7; in Mayas foIlo-wsrMiiiinie JoIitisoii. p7--_iT~:
--EHeii Ci:". -:~ ".. — :.--. Itl: ?. .=- ." iakovicli, reeorii-r 5^:7^:1:7 Z-Ir".Ti ~'.7_
ainnen. ±L;.L::i". =t.;t".-.7 7:11 2-77^::-7 Mafei, txeasicr^t

TT^ — iili "^t1::iit 1t::t7- 7.7.7 17-;; 77 71m other 1 : -.-

S Z z. '.---— z .. ~ ^7 71T^«

iMiiuiie Johnson, Rec SeeY*

223©^ 4th Axe-. West

POETLIVT* AUXELLIRY L'FF T" FIVE -TART
' The " ii: : r :

F77-7.7:7 r777::-r5 :: ~:_-7r: 1 7^-^:7:7^-.: ; -- :::ii Ladies' Atiilliary No. 48f,

'1 1 : ; -. : ": er 17, 1947, ~ - : 7. = : >. ■.:-?d onr charter, the ffli^ F:^: : t i I : : : 7. ^ 7 '„ ; ; 7 : :
Car7 7 7.:T7^ 7-7 -Joiners A'7 7:.':7:7 :7. :ne fair City of Roses, -^r : ---7- ~r L-7^t
tM77^- = :7: .77:7; monrgr:_7 7.7.7 ^ : pe to sain many ne^ 77 ^t - 7:7; ::7r
eorr777. r 7777

"^ - 7_ 77: :77 7 Tie third Friday eTenins of ereiy month in iJie L.i:;: 77~7.- I ir
77 77:77 7 ' . issions inclnde, among other thingg;, fair labor praaiiees, baying of

40 T H E C A R P E X T E R *

union label goods, registering to vote and voting. At each meeting we hold a
raffle of some nice article to increase our funds. We draw names for Secret Pals to
•whom "^ve send anonymous gifts and cards throughout the year.

After the business meeting vre play cards and bingo and have light refreshments.

At Christmas we had a nice party for our husbands and children. The ladies
exchanged gifts; the children received big red socks of candy, fruit and nuts from a
Santa they adored. Refreshments were served to all.

We donate to charities, and hope to have many good times together, and to
do good in the coming year.

Please write to us. We will be glad to hear from 3'ou, and will appreciate ideas
and suggestions to improve our organization.

Fraternally and sincerely,

Betty Lake, Recording Secretary

M0XTG05IERY LADIES UAVE ACTR'E PR0GRA:\I

The Editor:

Greetings from newly organized Ladies' Auxiliary 4 7 4, Montgomery, Alabama.
We have twenty-five charter members and hope to have many more. We meet
on the first and third Mondays of each month, right across the hall from where
the Carpenters meet on Monday nights, and we serve refreshments when both
meetings have ended. We would like to pass on our money-making scheme to our
Sister Auxiliaries.

We ordered eighty boxes of every day Greeting Cards to sell, giving a prize to
the member who sold the most cards. We paid $40.00 for the eighty boxes and put
S 8 0.00 back in our treasury. With this money we are buying drapes, dishes, table
cloths, and things to "pretty" up our meeting room; also a gas stove to fix our
coffee on.

Hope you give our "Big Organization" honorable mention in THE CARPENTER
real soon.

Fraternally yours,

Mrs. L. F. Stanaland, Vice-President.

ROCKFORD AUXILIARY ROUXDS OET 12th YEAR

The Editor:

Greetings to all sister Auxiliaries from Rockford, Illinois, Auxiliary Xo. 280.

We are now beginning our twelfth year. We meet every second Friday in the
month. At our meetings we discuss the current problems of the day. We have a
label committee, legislative committee, sick committee and membership committee.
We also send a delegate to the Rockford Federation of Labor. Have two delegates
to the "League for Political Education." These committees are very conscious of
the Taft-Hartley Bill, and always have interesting information to report. We are
sure the women will be a big factor in helping defeat the candidates who voted for
the Taft-Hartley Bill.

Our label committee contacts the stores in search of union label merchandise.
Our sick committee sends flowers and cards and visits the sick.

We cooperate with the Carpenters in a picnic and Christmas party every year.
We also have an annual banquet to which our families are invited.

To raise money we have rummage sales, white elephant sales and fancy work
sales.

We appreciate the courteous welcome extended our si.?ter Betty Xyman when she
visited the Galveston, Texas Auxiliary.

Sister Ellen Fairclough passed away June 9th. She was an active member up
to the veiw last.

We will be glad to hear from any sister Auxiliary, also from any Auxiliary that
wishes to organize in our vicinity.

Fraternally yours,

Mary E. Fairclough, President.

Craft ProblQms

Carpentry

LESSON 3 29
By H. H. Siegele

In this brief dicussion of First Aid I
am confining myself to a few practical
treatments of injuries that are common
to carpenters in general, but by no
means unknown in other walks of life.
In short, first aid is knowing the right
thing to do. in case of accident, and
doing it, regardless of what the injury
might be.

An injury that does not break the skin
is called a bruise. A bruise is painful

and usually causes swelling and discol-
oration. Dipping the bruised part into
hot water or applying a hotwater bottle
to it will ease the pain. This is a simple
first aid, that can be applied by anyone.
Those who use this treatment shcruld
first trj- it on themselves, to make sure

that the water is not too hot.

A woimd is an injurj- in which the
skin is broken. Such an injury is more
dangerous than a bruise, for if the
bleeding is strong and can not be
stopped, it will result in death through

loss of blood. Besides that, there is
danger of infection. To guard against
infection the wound should not be

Fig. 3

touched, nor washed with soap and
water. A course in First Aid is the
best way to find out what is the right
thing to do in case of accident. The un-
trained person usually does too much,
and seldom the right thing. Nature has
prepared the best first aid for wounds

L
Fig. 4

that are not of a serious nature, bleed-
ing. In case of severe wounds a physi-
cian should be called or consulted.

Early in my experience as a carpenter,
I was cutting a metal corner bead. I
clipped the two flanges and then broke
the bead in two. But in doing so I
tore the skin on my right wrist. It
bled until my wrist was covered with
blood. The blood was beginning to clot
when I went to the office and asked the
bookkeeper for water to wash off the
blood and bandage the wound. But he
advised me to do neither. He said, "Na-

T HE (A 11 P K N T E R

ture has put something into blood that
is healing. Just let the blood clot and
form a scab, and if it does not become
inflamed or begin to fester, you won't
have to ■worry about it." Fortunately I
have never had a severe wound on my
body, but the little "wounds that I have
had since, I have always treated accord-
ing to the advice of that bookkeeper. Of
course, I used disinfectants whenever it
was possible to do so, but often the
only remedy was the scab formed by the
blood. Xot one of the little wounds that
I treated in this way ever festered. The
scabs were not disturbed until the
wounds had healed, when they came off
without aid.

I took hi.s advice, and in a s
the pain and the sliver had di
— Nature disposed of them.

hort time
sappeared

Fig. 5

Fig. 1 shows how a ruling pen can be
used for extracting slivers. Slivers per-
haps are responsible for more injuries
to carpenters than any other one thing.
After a sliver has been extracted, a good
disinfectant should be applied. Once af-
ter pulling a sliver from a finger I
found that a small part of it was still in
the flesh. I could feel it and it gave me
pain whenever I pressed the place. I

Fi£

went to a doctor and when he noticed
that there was no inflammation or fes-
tering, he said that probing for a small
sliver often did more harm than good
— that Nature would take care of it.
He cautioned me, however, that if it
should become inflamed, to come back.

Fig. 2 shows how foreign bodies, if
not embedded in the eyeball or eyelid.

Fig. 8

can usually be taken from the eye. The
natural reaction, if anything gets into
the eye, is that the lids will close. But
the illustration shows the eye wide open
with a symbol of a hand taking a pinch-
hold of the upper lid to pull it out and
down over the lower lid. To the right
is shown the upper eyelid pulled down,
which should be held in that position
for half a minute, or until the eye
waters enough to cariT the foreign par-
ticle out. The arrow at 1 points to the
particle in the eye, while the arrow at
2 points out the same particle riding a

THE CARPENTER

tear out of the eye. If you do not rub
the eye, this little operation will solve
the problem, usually in the first at-
tempt.

Fig. 3 shows another way of removing
a small particle from the eye. The ar-
row at 1 points to the particle. At the
upper right is shown a match with a
loop made of human hair tied to one
end. ((Sterlize, if possible). This loop
is slipped along the eyeball in such a
manner that it will catch the annoying
particle. This is shown by the small-
scale match, held by the symbol of a
hand. When the hair loop contacts the
particle, the operator gives it a quick
jerk, which should bring the particle
flying into the air, as pointed out by
the arrow at 2. If this fails, drag the
particle with the loop to the edge of
the eyelid and out over it.

How to make triangular bandages is

shown by Fig. 4. At A the square cloth
is spread out on a flat surface. The
straight dotted line shows where the
first bend is made for folding, while
the arrows in the curved dotted line
show how the upper corner is brought
to the bottom corner. This will make a
folded trianglar bandage. In case you
want single-ply bandages, cut the folded
bandage shown at B, from corner to
corner where the crease is made. The
next three steps in folding this bandage
are shown at C, D, and E, respectively.

Fig. 5 shows two side views of head
bandaging. The square knot is used for
tying the ends of bandages together, in
most cases.

Fig. 6, to the left, shows how to
bandage an eye, while to the right is
shown a head bandage above the eyes.

Fig. 7 shows the first step in bandag-
ing a hand. The curved dotted line and
arrows show how the earner is carried
back over the hand, bringing it into the
position shown at A, Fig. 8. At B the
bandage is shown one step farther ad-
vanced, while at C the bandage is on
the hand and tied.

Fig. 9, to the left, shows the first

step in bandaging a foot. The straight
dotted line shows where the bend will
be, while the curved dotted line and
arrows show how the corner of the
bandage is brought over the foot, giv-
ing about what is shown to the right.

Fig. 10

In the drawing to the right, the curved
dotted lines and arrows show how the
lower left corner of the bandage ig
brought around the leg, in order to give
what is shown at A, Fig. 10. Here the
dotted lines and arrows indicate how
the other corner is brought around the
leg to complete the bandaging. At B
the foot is shown with bandage in
place.

Nothing has been said about broken
bones. In such cases a doctor should
be called and the patient kept as com-
fortable as possible. This advice also
applies to other serious injuries.

There are a number of good disinfect-
ants, but in these matters the reader is
advised to consult some standard work
on First Aid, or obtain information
from his doctor or druggist.

SIZING TENONS

The carpenters who still make mor-
tise and tenon joints might find some-
thing new in this article, or it might be

I'lg. 1

just one of those things that just nat-
urally come to mechanics without ever
having seen them done before. At any
rate, that is the way we got it. We were
making panel doors for a cupboard, and
while we were planning the work, we
decided to try sizing the tenons with a
router plane, and it worked. It was
entirely new to us.

First we jointed a board just the

THE CARPENTER

right width, so it would make a top and
a bottom rail when ripped in two. This
is shown by the upper drawing in Fig.
1. The bottom drawing shows how the
two edges were grooved for the panel
board, and marked for the rails, allow-
ing for the tenons, as shown.

The upper drawing of Fig. 2 shows
the same board Avith the shoulders for

the tenons sawed, while the bottom
drawing shows, heavily shaded, rough-
ing out for the tenons done, and to the
right we show a router bit, exaggerated,
in position for sizing the tenon.

The upper drawing of Fig. 3 shows the
same board again with the tenons sized

and the board ripped and cut as to
make top and bottom rails. The bottom
drawing shows the top and bottom rails
with the tenons completed, excepting
cutting out the parts of the tenons that
leave the haunches. This is indicated
by dotted lines.

The shoulders of the tenons can be
cut in a miter box, or they can be cut
with a fine hand saw.

THE BROADAX

A Texas broadaxman writes that he
has never used a line for hewing logs.
After the ends of the log have been
marked, he splits off the slabs by start-
ing them with an iron wedge, as shown
by Fig. 1, and then "pulls" the slab
with wooden wedges. Usually two slabs
are pulled before the hewing is started.
The side to be hewed is scored with an
ax, and the hewer follows, hewing the

side by sight from one end of the log
to the other. In the same way the other
three sides are finished. This axman
says that when he is through with a
log there are left no ax marks from the
scoring, and the size of the timber does
not vary one-eighth of an inch in size.
He hews with the hewed part before
him, moving backward as he works,
which is just the opposite from what
I show in lesson 223. The drawing at
the bottom of Fig. 1 shows the finished
timber free from ax marks and perfect
in shape.

Fig. 2 shows to the left the face side
of the broadax the Texan suggested
with a pencil sketch. To the right is an
end view of the ax, showing that the

.Iron Wed(je

Wooden Wedge

Fig. 1

back side is straight. The handle of a'|
broadax is bent, as suggested by the':
dotted line. When a left-handed man ;
uses the broadax a left-handed handle;
must be used, which is inserted fromS
the other end. Some broadax handles/
are made for both left and right-hand- i
ed persons. In such cases the handle is:
simply taken out ond inserted from the j
other end when some other-handed per-'
son is to use it.

The hewers that I knew when I was a-
youngster, used a chalk line and theyji

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THE CARPENTER

hewed moving forward. They did not
split off the slabs as explained above,
but as shown in the lesson covering
hewing. It would have been impossible
to split off the slabs from one end of
a log to the other, for they hewed logs

running up to 30 feet in length, and
hard to split. My Texas friend says
that he hews cross ties for railroads,
and that the logs in that locality, as
a rule, split easily. (See lesson 223 in
the April 1947 issue of "The Carpen-
ter".)

WANTS TO KNOW

An apprentice wants to know why,
\ when he files his saws, the teeth have a
tendency to turn out, alternately one
big tooth and one little tooth, and so
on. The reason for this is in the file
and in the fact that the man handling
the file does not know how to prevent
this tendency.

If you will examine a three-cornered
file, you will notice that the teeth of the
file are all slanted the same way on all
three sides, as shown by the main draw-
ing in Fig. 1, where the file is in posi-
tion for filing. The little detail to the
left, shows that those slanting teeth
strike the saw tooth on the left side
like the front of a sled runner, conse-
quently the left side of the file has a
tendency to lift itself up, which reduces
the cutting efficiency of that side of the
file. At the same time the teeth of the
file on the right side strike the saw
tooth as shown by the little detail to
'the right. That is, the file teeth strike
ithe saw tooth, not like a sled runner,
but like a plow, which increases the
cutting efficiency on that side of the
j file. The arrows shown with the de-
iitails indicate the direction the file is
jipushed when the filing is done. When
one side of a saw has been filed, and
it is turned for filing the other side,
the fast-cutting side of the file again
will cut on the little teeth, while the
slow-cutting side will contact the large
teeth. To remedy this situation, the
saw filer brings pressure onto the file
while filing, in the direction of the two
arrows, shown one toward the top and

one toward the bottom on the main
drawing. Fig. 2 further illustrates this.
Here are shown two diagrams, A and B,
which are cross sections of the main
drawing in Fig. 1. The one at A shows
by the little cir-
cling arrows the
tendency of the file
to roll, or pull to the
right. The slanting
arrow indicates the

Fig. 1

direction of the side pressure, which Is
necessary to increase the cutting of
the file on the left side, and decrease it
on the right. It will take practice to
acquire the skill necessary to always
obtain uniformly shaped saw teeth in fil-
ing saws. At B the circling arrows also
show the rolling pull of the file, while
the two slanting arrows indicate that

Buy a

CARiSON RULE

• - and

WITH 10-SECONO
BLADE CHANGE

SAVE

50%

BY GETTING
AN EX;tRA

CARI.SON

With a Carlson Rule, when a
blade is accidentally damaged or
numerals become worn, yoo
don't have to buy a new rule.
Just get an extra blade and in-
sert it. In 10 seconds, a "new"
rule for Yz the cost!
Carlson & Sullivan. Inc.. Monrovia. Cafif.

STEEL TAPE RULES

SAW FILER

when a saw is in the shape shown by
this diagram, there must be applied a
Saves You Time, Money double pressure in the direction of the

Noff^

%7^.

t cc

-it;:

.-tc;s:^n

C^C

■ r-_;;-

-ttptri-

iV ■■':.;

-i: .-.th

r :

-.z.f-t

^:■.n£J^

:t1

tide J

-iraEttc

-d«

. P

epiid.

(COJD.

THE SPEED COMPANY

K 2025 N.E. Sand/, Portland 12, Or*.

IF YOU ARE A CARPENTER

z:.L :.=-- :;: = -:-; -T--i.--e in :-■:-: YOU CAN
LEARN TO ESTIMATE CARPENTER WORK ;r. a

Et:..-- ..'.'. :. \..i\^r Until >:^ ha^e used jrading
labor en lumber >ou Vtill still be in tre darl<.

Betting a sound footing.

A little of yooT spare time win do it.

These new bom metbods will give jon the answer,
frran farm building to skyscraper, or homes, remodel-
ing, repairs, wrecking, etc.

On a post card, print TO>ir name and sddr«€S plainly,
&y retnzn mail yon will receive furtter information.

B. W. HOFFXER
3319 X. Clark St. Chicago 13, 111.

SUPER HAM-R-ADZ NO. 10

Tool steel attachment
ijiiickly converts car-
'^titer'; I.an;rr.(-r ir.to
f-iEcient adz. Ideal for
roufh franil.'s. soaf-
foldins — form build-
ing". Easy to use and
keep sharp. Fits poc-
ket. Get yours todav .

SUPER SQUARE GAGE NO. 49

ain aT2i.i-..e

:;er,;er'5 !teel

Only .75 the pair!

At Dealers' or Postpaid.
J39 W. eth St., Dect. C-10
LOS ANGELES 14, CAL.

HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY !

VOU DO THIS

E-Z Mark Butt Gauge

• Hang more doors better.

• Noadjustments. No errors.

• Used and approved by Master
mechanics.

• Comes in Si" and 4" ^standard

• Precision made.
Cost OXLT $1.75 ea.. or $3.50 a iei
at your hdw. store. If dealer can't sup-
ply, send only $1.00 with order and pay
postman balance, pi'js Fcstage C.O.D. In C^n., S-i.Tj r.;C.O.D.i

\-l MARK TOOLS. Box bS" Dept. C. Los .\ngeles 16, ClL

ccmes with

UATHE«TTE CASe

Fig. 2

arrows in order to unify the size of thei
teeth. The drawing in Fig. 1 and thosel
in Fig. 2 should be studied together

until the student understands what thej
author is trying to convey.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories

Pate

Carlson & Sullivan, Inc., Mon-
rovia, Cal. 45

Henry Disston & Sons, Inc.,

Philadelphia, Pa. 5

Flormaster Flormachines Co.,

Chicajro, 111. 1

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 48

Greenlee Tools, Rockford, III 5

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover

E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,

Cal. 46

.Ma.iter Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y 6

A. D. McBurney, Los Angeles,

Cal. 46

North Bros. Mfg. Co., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 47

The Paine Co., Chicago, III. 47

S. B. L. Saw Works, Santa Ana,

Cal. 47

Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore 4

The Speed Co., Portland, Ore. 46

The Speed Corp., Portland, Ore. 47
Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn._3rd Cover

Carpentry Materials

Johas-Man\*ille Corp., New York,

.N. Y. 4«

The Upson Co.. Lockport, N. Y. 23-24-25-26

Doors

Overhead Door Corporation,

Hartford City, Ind. 4th Cover

Ot era lis

The H. D. Lee Co., Kansas City,

Mo. 6

Technical Courses and Books

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago, 111. 47

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y. 3rd Cover

Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111. 3

E. W. Hoffner, Chicago, 111 46

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 48

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 44

Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo._ 6

PAINE

SPRING
WING

TOGGLE
BOLT

The Paine Spring Wing Toggle Bolt — a must item for
hanging anything to hollow material such as wood,
gypsum, marble, lath, plaster, tile and sheet rock —
it's easy to install — drill hole — slide wing end through
— tighten bolt and you have a sturdy positive anchorage.

Send for the complete catalog on
Paine fastening and hanging de-
vices.

THE PAINE CO. '^,%

cago 12, ILL.

PAINE

td HANGING I/LWILlJ

The only easy way to cut a currej

is with the SBL Coved Keyhole f
saw — the only saw to cut its own arc.
Teeth on both edges of saw makes it pos-
;ible to cut right and left arc by turning
saw over; 9 point teeth is for smoother cut-
ing without jumping. Saw blade is spring tool steel mar-
empered, making it tough for holding edge Slavs sharp
onger without filing. Saw is machine filed and set
•"INISH: Luster black for rust prevention.
JUAKANTEED against defects in material and workman-
hip. (If your dealer does not handle, order direct from us )

>. B. L. Saw Works,
112 W. Fourth St.,
Santa Ana, Calif.

Sole Manufacturers)
I (Agents wanted)

Inclosed $1.95. Forward by return
mail one SBL Keyhole Saw ; Prepaid.

Name Town

Please Print.
Address State

FOR
EXAMINATION

SEND NO MONEY

Learn to draw plans, estimate, be a live-wire builder, do
remodeling, take contracting Jobs. These 8 practical, pro-
fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help you
to get more work and make more money. Architectural de-
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tloning. concrete forms and many other subjects are included.

UP-TO-DATE

EDITION

These books ara
the most up-to-
date and completa
we have ever pub-
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many subjects.
Examination

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The Postwar building boom IB In full
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Big opportunities are always for MEN
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup-
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Coupon Brings Eight Big Books For

AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Vocational Publishers since 1898
Dept. GC36 Drexel at 58th Street Chicago 37, 111.

Tou may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your eight
big books. "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges
only, and if fully satisfied in ten days, I will send you
J2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 is paid. I am not obligated in anj
way unless I keep the books.

Name

Address

City State

Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one buslneiS
man as reference. Men In serrice. also give home address.

SAWCiAMP >""'

%peed Up Saw Filingi

Meney with or-
der, prepaid.
COD. postage extra

(jrips entire length of saw a full 6( inches. Attaches
or releases from work bench in only 15 seconds. Also can
be used tor band saws. Made to last a lifetime. Sturdy,
all steel construction. Gripping edges ground to hold en-
tire length of saw true with no vibration.

THE SPEED CORPORATION

2025-A N.E. SANDY PORTLAND 12, ORE.

Save your wrist

# Make screw
driving easy as nail
driving. With a "Yankee",
the spiral drives and draws, using
your weight instead of your muscle.
Three sizes, each with 3 different size
bits. For faster action and for one-hand
driving in narrow places, the 130A
"Yankee" with the quick-return spring.

Write for the "YANKEE" Tool Book

. use your weight
anda"YANKEE"

SPIRAL
SCREW DRIVER

YANKEE' TOOLS NOW PART OF

[stanleyIi

THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD

V, NORTH BROS. MFG. CO., Philadelphia 33, Pa.

This popular asbestos roof is fireproof,

rotproof, and...

You couid actually lay American Colonial
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measuring necessary.

It's an Asbestos Strip

JoJins-Manviile >^

ico^

fcuiHSS^-^

Only 80 pieces per square —
the same as an asphalt strip

Automatic alignment — self-
spacing

Only 4 nails per shingle in pre-
punched holes
Easy-to-use Shingle Cutters
speed application

Asbestos Shingles

$900

IN SPARE TIME

••I dia rerj •fell las:
year with my Foley
equipments about 9-50
saws and 240 lami !
mowers, in my spare
time. About S900 for
me." L. H. II.. Xew
York.

Carpenters Make up to .$2 or S3 an hour in
-Spare Time. Witli a Foley Automatic Saw
Filer rou can file hand, band and circular
saws better than the most expert hand filer.
Cash business, no canvassing. Xo eyestrain,
no exiierience needed.

FREE BOOK

"IMDEPEHDENCE AFTER 40"

shows just how y o 11
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Minneapolis 18, Minn.

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CARPENTERS

and

BUILDERS'
HANDBOOK

This new and re-
vised edition of Car-
lienters and Build-
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for Laying Out
Work consists of
short but practical
rules for laying out
roofs, ceilings, hop-
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board measure, length of common, hip, val-
ley and jack rafters, square measure, cube
measure, measure of length, etc. — also,
rules for kerfing, drafting gable molding,
;:etting the axis of a segment, laying off
gambrel roof and explaining the steel.
si|uare. ^^"^^^~~

SI. 00 postpaid

Monej' back guarantee if not entirely satisfied

Name .
Address

D.A.ROGERS

5344 Clinton Avenue
Minneapolis 9, Minn.

Enclosed-?!. an. Forwardby
return mail your Carpenters
& Builders' Practical
Bules for Laying Out Work.

Sfon/ey No. 51V7 Hammer

Works with you... ^

Makes work easier!

THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD

[STANLEY^

Reg. U.S. Pol. 0».

HARDWARE- HAND TOOLS- MECTRIC TOOLS

GUTSv.

Everything

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Handy for building
and repairing . . . also
for sharpening tools
n^ other odd jobs. Cuts wood, metal, steel, con-
'ete, glass and tile; and when set in a sturdy
o«r stand, can be used as a table saw, a shaper
t a bench grinder— depending on accessories used,
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tk Hardware Dealer or write Power Tool Division.

I/IALL TOOL COMPANY

751 South Chicago Avenue, Chicago, 19, Illinois

AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides

4vois.*6

InsideTrade Information

for Carpenters, Builders, Join-
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firive yea the short-cat instruc-
tions that yon want— includine
new methods, ideas, solutions,
plans, systems and money sav-

:ical

daily helper _ _ _ ,
ence for the master worker.
Carpenters everywhere are us-
ine these Guides as a Helping
Hand to Easier Work, Better
Work and Better Pay. To get
this assistance for yooraolf.
■ .•^•.- . .M. simply fill in and

Inside Trade Information On : mail free coupon beiow.

How to use the steel square — How to file and

set saws — How to build luralture — How to use

a mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How

to use rules and scales — How to make Joints — -

Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration

problems — Estimating strength of timbers —

How to set girders and sills — How to trame

houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How

to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.

— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up

specifications — How to excavate— How to use

Bettings 12. 13 and 17 on the steel square — How

to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How

to build stairs — How to put on Interior trim — ■

How to hang doors — How to lath — lay Iloors— How to paint

AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St.. New York 10, N. Y.

Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' free
trial. If OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is paid.
—Otherwise I will return them. No oblieation unless I am satisfied.

Employed by-

CAR

iiC:,::;v'tl

• The "OVERHEAD DOOR" with the Miracle Wedge
has been proved completely adequate under continued, rigorous
usage. Its construction is of the highest quality. This door is
weathertight and is engineered for perfect balance in every posi-
tion. Specify The "OVERHEAD DOOR" for industrial, commercial,
or residential use. Any "OVERHEAD DOOR" may be manually
or electrically operated.

TRACKS AND HARDWARE OF S^ALT SPRAY STEiL

NATION-WIDE

SALES

INSTALLATION

SERVICE

OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION • Hartford City, Indiana, U. S. A.

iCMPENTER

FOUNDED 1881

Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

A c pi/ 8 X ie' Upton
Slrcng-Ejii Pan«i goe»
through Mr. Slan<i<iig('
dcor to maite ctittiiKfiv
walls and eeitin^s of lo
ing beauty. Con be
applisii any month of
the yeor.

Beautiful crackpn
ings for Mr. Blandin^
Upson Strong-Bitt Pcm
are used in thousondi
hemes alt over the Ian
—give adde<j volue to
any house— stay free
from continuing expeni

ant yard scene from
the moHon picture, "Mr.
Blandings' Dream House"
starring Cory Grant,
Myrna toy and Melvyn
Douglas.

Mr. BLANDINGS and UPSON Build a

UPSON
PKODUaS

UPSON

e.afti/'ffafe</

PANELS'

Another signat recognition for Upson Products!

Replicas of "Mr. Blandings' Dream House" as it appears in
the motion picture have been built in 60 American cities.
The Upson Company is the only manufacturer of interior wall «
ceiling materials officially designated by RKO Radio Pictures, Ir
and the Selznick Releasing Organization, producers and
distributors of the motion picture, to supply wall and ceiling
panels for local Blandings houses. Above is a typical Blandings
Dream House erected in Atlanta, Georgia with interior walls
and ceilings of Upson Strong-Bilt Panels.

THE UPSON COMPANY

(000) Upson Point, Lockport, New York

is a piker..

•

this photograph
shows fhe long,
tough cone fibres
which, when Ferox*-
treated against dry
rot and termites,
form the base for
many Ce/ofex build-
ing products.

• REO. u. s. PAT. orr.

building insulation — From cane fibre
in 1921 came Celotex cane fibre board . . .
combining low thermal conductivity
with great structural strength.
Today, because of Celotex pioneering,
heat-leaking buildings are obsolete.

2 sound conditioning — In 1924 came
another great advance from cane fibre —
Acousti-Celotex perforated cane fibre
tile . . . combining high sound absorption
with paintability . Today, because of
Acousti-Celotex , noise in business and
industry is on its way out.

3 single-wall construction — More
recently the trend toward single-wall
construction in residences and industrial
buildings has been accelerated by the
development of Cemesto ... a fire-and-
moisture-resistant asbestos cement wgdl
unit with a cane fibre core. Cemesto
permits the erection of industrial buildings
with light-weight economical "curtain"
walls, partitions and roof decks.

THE CELOTEX CORPORATION, CHICAGO 3, ILLINOIS

CeiloteX

^^■^^^^ REG. U S. PAT. OFF.

BUILDING BOAR D . . . IN SU UATI NG SHEATHING AND L AT H . . . C 6 LO - R O K ANCHOR LATH AND PLASTER
CEMESTO.. CELO-ROK W A L LBO A R D . . . 1 NT E R I O R FINISH B O A R DS . . . TR I P LE - S E A L E D S H I N G L E S . . . PL E X C E LL

TIKC^^^TCR

A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.

FRANK DUFFY, Editor

Carpenters' Building;, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Establishpd in 1881
Vol. LXVIII — No. 9

INDIANAPOLIS, SEPTEMBER, 1948

One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy

Con tents —

At Last— A Boost 7

Sam Pettengill, a columnist and radio commentator whose writings on labor are
usually critical, takes a look at our Brotherhood and likes what he sees.

Pattern for Peace ------ 9

A group of the world's top philosophers and social scientists gets together to decide
how and why international tensions and differences develop to such an extent that
war becomes the next logical step.

Heavy construction has long been an exact science, but engineering principles have
never really been applied to house building. To correct this shortcoming, the Bureau
has compiled a book that serves as a good start toward solving the problem.

Kngineering in Housing

Milestone or Millstone?

Age Is No Factor

With something of a trend developing toward contracts containing cost-of-living
clauses, the AFL research department analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of
contracts of this kind.

A survey by the Department of Labor discloses the fact that older workers can hold
their own when It comes to production.

Although the American labor movement has always held to the partnership con-
cept rather than the "class struggle" theory, those who are trying to shackle labor
may change things.

Does USA Face Class Struggle?

OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Plane Gossip

Editorials

Official

In Menioriani

Correspondence -

To the Ladles

Craft Problems -

12
24
30
32
33
38
40

Index to Advertisers

Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of

Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.

CARPENTERS

BUILDERS and APPRENTICES

THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING

Learn at Home in Your Spare Time

The successful builder will tell you
that the way to the top-pay jobs and
success in Building is to get thorough
knowledge of blue prints, building con-
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In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to
read blue prints — the universal language of the
builder — and understand specifications — for all
types of buildings.

You learn building construction details :
foundations, walls, roofs, ■windows and doors,
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Editor's Note — One hundred and four newspapers of the United States proclaimed the
Americanism and patriotism of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of
America in their July 22 issue. The article was written by Samuel B. Pettengill, well
known newspaper syndicate writer and once-a-week radio commentator on 252 stations.
In one of his radio broadcasts he repeated much of his newspaper article in praise of
the Carpenters' Brotherhood. Mr. Pettengill's newspaper articles, usually appearing
under the caption, "Inside Congress", are syndicated by "America's Future, Inc.," 205
East Forty-second street. New York City. He was once a member of Congress.

• • •

1; By Samuel B. Pettengill

WHILE patriotic Americans are being- kicked out of Communist-
dominated unions, there is one big union that has refused mem-
bership to Kremlinites, and has done so for years.
I refer to the Carpenters — the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and
Joiners of America — headed by William L. Hutcheson. Long before the
politicians in Washington saw their mistake in cuddling up to the reds and
pinks, the Carpenters took steps to keep these gentry out of their union.

As a part of their ritual, the candidate for membership is required to
declare that "he is not now, and never -will become a member of any revo-
lutionary orsfanization." If he does, .

he forfeits his membership.

At the instigation of Congi-ess-
man Woodi-uff, representing the
Michigan Tenth District, this ar-
ticle was reprinted in the August
2nd issue of the Congi-essional
Record with the unanimous con-
sent of all House menihers present
at the time. In view of the fact
that most of 3Ir. Pettengill's writ-
ings on labor haA^e been more or
less critical, this tribute to the
integi'ity and Americanism of the
United Brotherhood of Cai-penters
and Joiners of America under Gen-
eral President WUliani L. Hutch-
eson is doubly significant. That
Congressman Woodniff has seen fit
to have it reproduced in the Con-
gressional Record, adds further
to the enviable position which our
Brotherhood has aehieved in the
current American scene.

This is no sudden conversion to
the American faith. Twenty years
ago, they revoked the charter of one

of their locals in New York City
because it had fallen under Com-
munist control.

When the Carpenters advocate
Americanism, they command re-
spect. For theirs is the fourth larg-
est union in the United States with
737,000 members in 2,700 locals.

At a time when the public is sore
at labor stoppages, violence and
Communist saboteurs in union
ranks, don't forget the Carpenters.
There is a lot to be said in their
favor.

As recently advised from their
Indianapolis international headquar-
ters, there was not single carpenter
on strike between the two oceans.
They were hitting the nail on the
head — building homes, putting up
factories, apartment houses, stores,
hotels and places in which to live
and work. Long before Governor
Stassen in Minnesota, or any other
politician, anywhere, had come out
for a "cooling off" period in indus-

THE CARPENTER

trial disputes, this had been stand-
ard practice in this union for forty
3'ears.

Nor can a handful of officers or
members proclaim a strike. The un-
ion's by-laws recjuire the following
procedure. If any demand is con-
templated as to wages, hours, etc.,
each member of the local is notified
by mail of a special meeting and the
purpose of the meeting is stated.
All members must attend the meet-
ing. Members who do not attend are
fined, unless illness or some other
valid reason is given. Except for
the fine for non-attendance, this is
like the New England town meeting
which we have always thought of as
democracy at its best — government
at the grass roots.

On any question which may re-
sult in a strike, the vote is by secret
ballot, and 55% must vote "yes."
Then conferences between the local
and the employer take place. If
these do not result in an agreement,
a representative from general head-

quarters is called in. If the parties
still fail to agree, no strike can be
called for 60 days. And then only
if it is authorized by national head-
quarters.

As far back as 1916, the national
headquarters suspended 61 locals in
New York City, with 17,000 mem-
bers, for going out on an unauthor-
ized strike.

The Carpenters raised no hue and
cry against the Mundt-Nixon Bill
that was designed to bring the fol-
lowers of the "Communist line" into
the open.

They would never raise any ob-
jection to a committee of Congress
asking one of their members if he
is a Communist. If he is, and has
been lying about it, the Carpenters
are as anxious as any Congressman
to find that out, and fire him from
the union.

The American flag is always on
display in their meetings. No other ,
flag is seen there.

Soaring Profits and Prices Cause Inflation

Senator J. Howard McGrath declared that soaring profits and exhorbi-
tant prices have "reduced the actual purchasing power of factory workers
despite higher wages," and are a major cause of our inflation.

Attacking the usual practice of blaming labor for price raises foisted
on the public by big business, the Senator singled out the steel industry
as an example. He said:

"Increases in the price of steel since the end of price controls two
years ago total more than the entire annual payroll of the steel industry
during the past year. Yet everytime the steel companies raise prices, the '■
blame is placed on the worker who won a small wage increase.

In support of the attack on the steel industry the McGrath statement
noted that United States Steel granted a 13-cent-an-hour wage increase to
its workers which, if followed by others in the industry, would boost the t
steel wage bill $130,000,000 annually for non-salaried workers. The total
payroll for the industry, including the salaried employes, would come to
$162,500,000, based on Iron and Steel Institute work-hour estimates, he
said.

"The wage increase will cost the steel industry $162,500,000," he said.
"But the price increase will cost American consumers $588,953,781."

PATTERN FOR PEACE

Editor's Note: At the end of June, Uiiesco brought to Paris eight eminent social sci-
entists to consider tlie causes of nationalistic aggression and the conditions necessary for
international understanding. The following statement, signed by each of them, j)resents
the opinions on which all could agree. Its significance lies in the fact that a series of im-
portant propositions on tlie causes of international tensions has been formulated and
agreed to by social scientists widely differing in their ideological allegiances.

The folio-wing men signed the statement :
Gordon W. All/jort, Professor of Psychology, Harvard University ; Guvcrto Frriire. Honor-
Professor of Sociology, University of Bahia, Brazil ; Georges Gurvtich, Professor of Soci-
ology, University of Strasbourg, France; Maj; llorkheimer. Director of the Institute of
Social Research, New York City ; Arne Xaess, Professor of Philosophy, University of Oslo,
Norway ; John R'lckman, M.D., Editor. "British Journal of Medical Psychology ; Harry
Stack Sullivan, M.D., Chairman. Council of Fellows, Washington School of Psychiatry,
USA ; Alexander Szalai, Professor of Sociology, University of Budapest, Hungary.

MAN has now reached a stage in his history where he can study
scientifically the causes of tensions that make for war. The meet-
ing- of this little group is itself symptomatic, representing as it
does the first time the people of many lands, through an international
organization of their own creation, have asked social scientists to apply
their knowledge to some of the major problems of our time. Although we
differ in the emphases we would give to various parts of our statement and
in our views as to its comprehensiveness and implementation, no one of us
would deny the importance of any part of it.
We agree to the following twelve paragraphs:
(A) To the best of our know-

ledge, there is no evidence to indi-
cate that wars are necessary and in-
evitable consequences of "human
nature" as such. While men vary
greatly in their capacities and tem-
peraments, we believe there are vital
needs common to all men which
must be fulfilled in order to estab-
lish and maintain peace: men ever}^-
where want to be free from hunger
and disease, from insecurity and
fear; men everywhere want fellow-
ship and the respect of their fel-
lowmen ; the chance for personal
growth and development.

(B) The problem of peace is the
problem of keeping group and
national tensions and aggressions
within manageable proportions and
of directing them to ends that are at
the same time personally and social-

ly constructive, so that man will no
longer seek to exploit man. This
goal cannot be achieved by surface
reforms and isolated efforts. Fun-
damental changes in social organ-
ization and in our ways of thinking
are essential.

(C) If we are to avoid the kind
of aggression that leads to armed
conflict, we must among other
things, so plan and arrange the
use of modern productive power
and resources that there will be
maximium social justice. Economic
inequalities, insecurities and frus-
trations create group and national
conflicts. All this is an important
source of tensions which have often
wrongly led one group to see an-
other group as a menace through the
acceptance of false images and over-

THE CARPEXTER

simplified solutions and by making
people susceptible to the scapegoat-
ing appeals of demagogues.

(D) ^Modern wars between nations
and groups of nations are fostered
by many of the myths, traditions
and symbols of national pride hand-
ed down from one generation to an-
other. A great many current so-
cial symbols are still nationalistic,
hindering the free movement of
thought across political boundaries
of what is, in fact, an interdepen-
dent world.

CE) Parents and teachers find it
difficult to recognize the extent to
which their own attitudes and loval-
ties — often acquired when thev were
young and when conditions were
difir'erent — are no longer adequate
to serve as effective guides to action
in a changing world. Education in
all its forms must oppose national
self-righteousness and strive to
bring about a critical and self-disci-
plined assessment of our own and
other forms of social life.

(Fj The development of modern
means of swift and wide range com-
munication is potentially a great aid
to world solidarity. Yet this devel-
opment also increases the danger
that distortions of truth will reach
a great many people who are not in
a position to discriminate true from
false, or to perceive that thev are
being beguiled and misled. It must
be a special responsibility of U.N.
organizations to utilize these means
of mass communication to encour-
age an adequate understanding of
the people in other countries. This
must always be a two-way traffic. It
will aid the cause of peace if nations
are enabled to see themselves as
others see them.

(G) The prospect of a continuing
inferior status is essentially unac-
ceptable to any group of people. For

this and other reasons, neither col-
onial exploitation nor oppression of
minorities within a nation is in the
long run compatible with world
peace. As social scientists we know
of no evidence that any ethnic group
is inherently inferior.

fH) Many social scientists are
studying these problems. But so-
cial scientists are still separated by
national, ideological and class dif-
ferences. These diiterences have
made it difficult for social scientists
to resist effectively the emergence
of pseudo-scientific theories which
have been exploited by political
leaders for their own ends.

(I) Objectivity in the social sci-
ences is impossible to achieve when-
ever economic or political forces in-
duce the investigator to accept nar-
row, partisan views. There is ur-
gent need for a concentrated ade-
quately financed international re-
search and educational program.

(Jj We recommend, for example,
the co-operation of social scientists
on broad regional and international
levels, the creation of an interna-
tional university and a series of
world institutes of the social sci-
ences under international auspices.
We believe that international scien-
tific fact-finding studies could con-
tribute useful information concern-
ing the cultures of all nations and
bring to light dangerous insecuri-
ties and sources of tension, as well
as legitimate aspirations of people
all over the world. Equally certain
to be rewarding are studies of edu-
cational methods in the home, the
school, and in youth organizations
and other groups by which the—
minds of the young are oriented to^
ward war or toward peace. From
the dissemination of the informa-
tion resulting from these studies,
we may anticipate the emergence

THE CARPENTER

of concrete proposals for the m"uid-
ance of national programs of educa-
tion.

(K) The physical and biological
sciences in recent years have pro-
vided impressive demonstrations of
the effect of research. Some of the
practical results have been rather to
dismay and disquiet the civilized
world than to reduce its tensions.
The scientists whose research has
been used in the development of
atomic and biological warfare are
not themselves responsible for
launching a curse upon the world.
The situation reflects the forces now
determining the uses to which sci-
ence can be put. While other factors
are concerned, we hold that the
chances for a constructive use of the
potentialities of scientific and tech-
nological developments will im-
prove if and when man takes the

responsil^ility for understanding the
forces \vliich work u])nn him and
society both from within and from
without.

(L) In this task of acquiring self-
knowledge and social insight, the
social sciences — the sciences of Man
— have a vital part to play. One
hopeful sign today is the degree to
which the boundaries between these
sciences are breaking down in the
face of the common challenge con-
fronting them. The social scientist
can help make clear to people of all
nations that the freedom and wel-
fare of one are ultimately bound up
with the freedom and welfare of all,
that the world need not continue to
be a place where men must either
kill or be killed. Effort in behalf of
one's own group can become com-
patible with effort in behalf of hu-
manitv.

Death Calls Frank Fenton, AFL Official

When the Grim Reaper called Francis P. Fenton August loth, another
stalwart in the American labor movement bowed out of the picture. Brother
Fenton was stricken with a heart attack while working in his office. A
short time later he passed away despite all that medical science could do
for him.

International representative of the American Federation of Labor at
the time of his death, BrotherFenton served the Federation for many
years in many capacities. Starting :; "

his union career in Massachusetts,
he worked his way up to the presi-
denc}^ of the Boston Central Labor
Union. Later he became regional
director for the Federation. Then
in 1939 he was appointed director of
organization for the AFL, a post he
held until recently named interna-
tional representative to fill the va-
cancy created b}^ the untimely death
of Brother Bob Watt.

With a host of prominent labor
officials present, Brother Fenton
was laid to rest in Cedar Hill Ceme-
tary, Washington, D, C.

Ballots Defend
Your Freedom

BE SURE TO VOTE

THIS YEAR AND

EVERY YEAR

ANE

SIP

COMPLICATED ECOXO^OCS

In July prices hit a new all-time high.
During August they climbed even high-
er, and from all indications each month
from now on is going to set a new rec-
ord. The Republicans are blaming the
Democrats, the Democrats are blaming
the Republicans, and everybody is blam-
ing Wallace. Some want price controls,
some want credit limitations and some
want higher interest rates but actually
nobody seems to know how the tide can
be stopped. The way the whole thing is
working out is about like the two jewel-
ers and the bracelet.

Jeweler A bought a bracelet for
$400. However, since he specialized in
watches, he thought it best to get rid
of the bracelet, so he sold it to another
jeweler for $450.00. The next day he
decided he had made a silly move inas-
much as bracelets were in heavy de-
mand, so he bought back the trinket for
$500.00. This crazy series of transac-
tions continued for several weeks with
regular price increases. Finally jeweler
B reported he had sold the bracelet at
retail for $900.00.

"Oh, you shouldn't have done that,"
exclaimed jeweler A, "we were both
making a nice living out of that brace-
let."

/ h(jpe lie's your Pop and not mine.-

TERRIBLY AFRAID

"I am afraid car prices will have to
go up again," a financial paper recently
quoted a leading car manufacturer as
saying. He is afraid all right — about
like the lass walking down the country
lane with the handsome farm lad one
evening. It seems the lad was carrying
a large pail on his back, holding a
chicken in one hand and a cane in
the other and leading a goat by a rope.
As they approached a particularly se-
cluded spot, the young lady said:

"I'm afraid to walk in here with
you. You might try to kiss me."

Said the farm lad: "How could I with
all these things I'm carrying?"

"Well," replied the girl, "you might
stick the cane in the ground, tie the
goat to it, and put the chicken under
the pail."

• • •

ISO CIXCH

Many newspapers and national maga-
zines continue to scoff at labor's avowed
determination to have its say in this
year's elections. These publications
never pass up an opportunity to belittle
organized labor as a political force.

However, results to date in this year's
primary elections belie the theory that
labor is politically impotent. Up to last
month nineteen candidates carrying the
backing of labor were successful in the
primaries. Five with partial labor sup-
port came through with flying colors,
while some eleven men whom labor
opposed made the grade. Considering
the fact that organized labor is not
really politically awakened as yet, the
record is not too bad. By November it
should be much better.

And we never think of politics but
what we think of the story of old Sena-
tor Watson, hard-boiled reactionary.
Once he told his audience: "I have
given you the facts; now you can vote
for me or go to hell."

When someone was relating the story
to President Coolidge, he laconically
commented: "Difficult choice, wasn't
it?"

THE CARPENTER

AND A COMMISSION WAS BORN

About this time each election year,
in addition to "lovin' labor," practically
every politician suddenly gets highly
economy minded. He continually spouts
about the need for reducing the cost of
government. Usuallj^ when he gets elect-
ed about the first thing he starts think-
ing about is how he can crack down on
labor and how he can squeeze a few
more of his friends and relatives on the
government payroll.

In this connection they tell a good one
about a certain southern Senator who
had a hard time getting elected. One day
he was approached by one of his more
ardent supporters.

"Senator," said the man, "you prom-
ised me a job."

"But there are no jobs open," count-
ered the Senator.

"Well, you said you would give me
one," persisted the man.

The Senator thought a moment. 'Tell
you what I'll do," he finally said. "I'll
appoint a commission to investigate why
there are no jobs and you can work on
that."

• • *

HARD TO DEAL WITH

As this is being written, representa-
tives of England, France and the United
States are meeting in the Kremlin with
Moustache Joe or some of his lieuten-
ants regarding the German situation.
Utmost secrecy surrounds the meetings
but indications seem to be that a four-
power meeting to iron out pressing dif-
ferences may result eventually. In the
meantime, the Russian blockade contin-
ues unabated.

Perhaps if another four-power meet-
ing is held, Russia can be brought to
some sort of reasonable agreement. How-
ever, we remain skeptical. Time after
time the western nations have made
concessions to the Reds, but each time
old Moustache Joe wound up demand-
ing more. To our way of thinking he is
about like the dead-beat roomer who
kept stalling his landlady. Every time
she tried to collect some rent he had a
new story to give her but never any
money. Finally, in desperation, she said
to him: "Look here, Mr. Blank, I'll
meet you half way. I am ready to for-
get half of what you owe."

"Fine," replied the tenant. "I'll meet
you. I'll forget the other half."

SORT OP BLACK

A lot of small business men who were
enthusiastic about the Taft-Hartley Bill
when it was being debated in Congress
have changed their minds of recent
months. Under General Counsel Den-
ham's interpretation of the Act, virtu-
ally no business is too small to escape
the attention of the NLRB. Firms doing
only a few thousand dollars worth of
interstate commerce a month are being
ruled subject to the Act, and as a result
a lot of small operators are finding
themselves involved in the Act with all
of its complexities and contradictions.
To our way of thinking, they outsmarted
themselves in their enthusiastic support
of the bill; about like P. T. Barnum
did when he bought the Vermont cat.

The famous circus owner received a
wire from a Vermonter saying that he
had a cherry-colored cat for sale for
1200.00. Barnum immediately sent the
money. In return he received a coal
black cat, with a note attached to its
neck saying: "I neglected to tell you
that Averment cherries are always
black." .

VISUAL PROOF

The automobile industry claims a new
record output for last month — close to
half a million cars.

We believe the auto makers are tell-
ing the truth because every one of the
cars was on Highway 3 7 last Sunday
when we were returning from the picnic.

•y/i/.s is the Radio Chcrking Biirenu
. . . I'hat Radio Program are you listen-
ing to — Sirf"

National Bureau of Standards for

Engineering In Housing

CRITICAL NEEDS of the Building industry today have caused
builders to focus their attention on methods for saving material :
however, available service records do not provide accurate criteria
for judging how much excessive material is being used. In carrying out
an extensive research program on building materials and structures, the
National Bureau of Standards has made an initial attempt to apply an
engineering approach to house design w^hich does much toward solving
this problem. A complete report of this research is contained in a new
book. Strength of Houses : Application of Engineering Principles to Struc-
tural Design, just issued by the Bureau.

Buildiner material is as costly as

the labor required to shape and fit
it into place. Application of engi-
neering principles to the design of
houses presents a complete and log-
ical method for determining allow-
able loads for w^alls, floors, and
roofs. This, in turn, makes it prac-
ticable to develop structural designs
and to make use of nonconventional
building materials that provide suf-
ficient strength but require a mini-
mum amount of material and labor.
Such procedures have been follo^s^ed
in the construction of bridges and
other large structures. Intensities
of service loads are first estimated,
then each material is selected to
serve a specific function and to pro-
vide adequate strength at a mini-
mum cost. In the Bureau's report,
technical information (in combina-
tion Tvith applicable engineering
principles and design practices) is
utilized for the benefit of dwelling
houses.

For each element of a house, com-
pressive, transverse, and racking
loads "w^ere computed for typical
one-and two-stor\' frame houses in
several locations representative of

extreme wma ana snow loaas m tne
United States. Allowable safe loads
for IOC wall, partition, floor, and
roof constructions were then com-
pared Tvith assumed actual loads for
the two tA pes of houses in three lo-
cations. Comparisons showed that
some had insufficient strength while
others w^ere much stronger than nec-
essary-. Fundamental data on the
wind, snow% and occupancy loads
that are likely to be imposed have
also been obtained, and convenient
computational methods developed
for estimating the manner in which
these service loads are distributed
to the different structural elements
of houses.

The stud3' thus fulfills a long-felt
need. Intelligent research, based on
sound engineering principles, has
reduced heavj- construction to an
exact science. The skA^scraper or
bridge or dam of today is a marvel
of efficiency. Each piece and part
is designed to perform its job safe-
ly', efficiently and cheaply. There is
no waste of materials. If an eight-
inch I-beam can perform an ade-
quate job in a particular place, an

THE CARPENTER

eig-ht-inch I-beam is. used because a
ten-inch or twelve-inch beam would
cost considerably more to buy and
install without adding any advan-
tages to the structure. This is pos-
sible because the stress and strain
on each component part of a struc-
ture is worked out exactly through
engineering principles.

In housing, these engineering
principles heretofore have never
been adequately worked out. No
complete data has ever been com-
piled as to the load various parts of
a house have to carry, nor to the
pressures snow, wind or weather
conditions will subject walls, raf-
ters or joists. Consequently house
building has never been as scientific
in its approach as heavy construc-
tion has been.

The new publication of the Bu-
reau of Standards takes a big step

toward the elimination of this defi-
ciency. It analyzes the construction
of a house, and through engineering
principles, determines the allowable
loads for walls, floors, and roofs.
Builders can thus determine more
accurately the amount and kind of
materials that are needed to do the
job in each part of a house. With
enough data of this kind, building
costs may eventually be lowered on
housing through conservation of
building materials.

BMS 109, Strength of Houses:
Application of Engineering Prin-
ciples to Structural Design, by Her-
bert L. Whittenmore, John B. Cot-
ter, Ambrose H. Stang, and Vincent

B. Phelan ; 132 large two-column
pages ; 35 tables and 53 figures,
available from the Superintendent
of Documents, U. S. Government
Printing Office, Washington 25, D.

C, $1.50 per copy.

New Labor Secretary Blasts T-H Act

The Taft-Hartley law was assailed as a "blow at unionism" by the new
Secretary of Labor, Maurice J. Tobin, at his first press conference held
since he was sworn into ofiice.

Singling out the law's ban on the closed shop and the prohibition
against the expenditures of union funds in political campaigns for special
criticism, he declared that the statute generally was "impractical" and con-
ducive to a "lot of bootlegging and dealing under the table."

"The closed shop has been in existence in the United States for more
than a century," he said, "and was relied upon by employers as well as
employes to create stable conditions of employment and to obtain and
maintain an adequate supply of qualified workers in skilled trades and
occupations.

"Under the Taft-Hartley law, the closed shop is declared illegal and
cannot be contracted for by those employers who desire it and consider it
mutually advantageous."

Even the union shop is not permitted, he added, until both sides have
submitted to the "cumbersome arrangements of the act and an election
of employes is conducted at public expense."

"A union could not even pay for a hall for the purpose of conducting a
meeting to discuss candidates or issues in national elections. A court has
held that a union cannot buy newspaper advertising space or radio time
for this purpose under the provisions of the Taft-Hartle}^ Act."

Milestone or Millsfonef

• •

IX A'lEAV OF THE FACT that one of the largest corporations in
America TGeneral Motors) recently signed an agreement with its em-
ployes basing wage rates on living costs, considerable interest has
been revived in this type of wage agreement. College professors, labor
students, and industrial relations engineers have been, as a class, pretty
generally in favor of such arrangements. They argue that a wage agree-
ment coupling wages with living costs is fair to both sides, that it elimi-
nates friction, and that it results in greater benefits for wage earners as
well as employers.

A\'hile there are some merits to cost-of-living wage contracts, there are
also many drawbacks. Unions contemplating entering into such agree-
ments should carefully study all the angles before taking the final step.

Recently the Research Department

crease won by the union is directly
controlled by a formula linking
wages to the Bureau of Labor Sta-
tistics Consumers' Price Index. The
implications of this arrangement for
collective bargaining require special
attention.

"Upon first examination, the prin-
ciple of tying wages to living costs
appears to offer a union certain defi-
nite advantages. Assuming the sta-
tistical index used is a reliable indi-
cator of living costs, the principle
makes certain that the earnings of
workers will not lag for long be-
hind the rising cost of living. In
fact, if wage adjustments based on
a cost of living index are made at
relatively frequent intervals, it is
possible that the average earnings
of workers will be higher than the
earnings in other plants.

'"However, before any union de-
cides to offer or accept such an ar-
rangement, it should carefully study
the consequences because it might
later rearret anv hastv action.

of the American Federation of La-
bor made a study of this matter. It
analyzed the situation as follows :

'■'A number of commentators have
hailed this (General ^lotorsj agree-
ment as a milestone in union-man-
agement relations and have indicat-
ed that it might well serve as a
model for other companies and
unions.

"Although this agreement has
proved a valuable peace-maker in
the automobile industry, tmion ofii-
cials should examine it closely be-
fore proposing that it be applied
to other collective bargaining situa-
tions.

"The two-year agreement incor-
porates one very significant provi-
sion ; namely, two 3c-an-hour wage
increases "for an improved standard
of living.'"" one eft'ective immediate-
ly and the other after a year.

"However, outside of this recog-
nition that Avages must rise Avith
increased efticiencA", the Avasre in-

THE CARI» ENTER

"By tying wag"es to living costs,
a union is in effect saying to the
worker: (By adopting this principle
you will be guaranteed that the pur-
chasing power of your present wage
will not be dissipated or reduced by
an increase in living costs. How-
ever, this also means that the pur-
chasing power of your present wage
will not be increased. You will not,
for example, be able to obtain the
benefits to which you otherwise
would be entitled, of increased effi-
ciency resulting from the introduc-
tion of new equipment, better sche-
dules, less waste and other improve-
ments.)

"By tying wages to living costs,
the worker automatically forfeits
his right to participate in the ever
increasing American Standard of
living. It is possible, of course, that
the benefits of increased efficiency
might be passed along to the worker
in the form of lower prices, but
judging from recent actions of
American businessmen, this is not
very likely.

"Another serious criticism of this
principle is that it weakens the col-
lective bargaining process. Under a
cost of living adjustment formula,
changes in wage rates are auto-
matic; once the original negotia-
tions are completed the union plays
no part in the determination of
wage changes. Wage changes are
taken out of the hands of the parties
directly concerned and given to a
third party whose only concern is
the compilation of a statistical in-
dex.

"A cost of living formula leaves
no room for any consideration of
the individual employer's ability to
pay or of the competitive wage level
in other plants, industries or locali-
ties. In fact, the operation of a cost
of living formula is such that wage

differentials might easily become
more pronounced.

"Although the BLS Consumers'
Price Index is the best available in-
dex of its type, it definitely under-
states the increase in the average
worker's cost of living. The portion
of the index which is supposed to
represent changes in rent is particu-
larly weak.

"The index does not measure the
additional costs of housing which
landlords have been forcing tenants
to bear. A recent survey by the Cen-
sus Bureau indicates that from
April, 1940-April, 1947, the average
rent paid by American families in-
creased 36.7 per cent but the in-
crease in the BLS rent index for
this period amounts to 4.3 per cent.

"Because of these considerations,
tying wages to prices becomes a
risky business. Unless a union is
particularly careful, this so-called
milestone of labor relations could
easily become a millstone around
the necks of unionism and collective
bargaining."

The Right to

¥<ITE

Is Your)

Don't Fail to Use It

When it comes to efficiency

Age Is No Factor

Dept. of Labor study reveals
* * *

LAST SPRIXG Ewan Clague, then head o£ the Bureau of Labor Sta-
tistics, U. 5. Department of Labor, predicted that workers over 45 ■■
years of age, who represent more than one-third of the nation's
work force, will be hit hard by any slowdoAvn in business activity resulting
in unemployment.

If some employers are thinking in that senseless direction, the Ameri-
can movement is going to disillusion them. It is hardly likely that our
unions are going to let employers revert back to a vicious, arbitrary policy
of indiscriminately laying off workers over 45 years because of their age
alone, unless they are adequately

compensated through some equiva-
lent like more liberal retirement
plans. Certainly the present old age
pension compensation under our
Social Security laws are far too
miserly to assure the pensioners a
decent living, the very least that
the worker over 65, who gave the
best years of his life to our indus-
trial progress, is entitled to.

Labor simply won't relinquish
seniority provisions, unless there is
what the lawyers call a quid pro
quid, or something of equivalent
A'alue.

The July issue of the ]\Ionthly
Labor Reviev,-. put out by the U.
S. Department of Labor, had an in-
teresting article on this topic. It
stated that the results of an inten-
sive national survey showed that
men and women in the 45 or more
age group offer distinct advantages
to employers over their younger
fellow Avorkers.

The article pointed out that
not only may the worker in the

45 and over age group oft'er more,
highly developjed skills, more ma-
tured judgment and more settled
work habits a; against the stamina ,
and agility of youth, but he is much
less likely to be absent and is less
prone to injury than is the younger
worker.

In a study of the work records
of about 17.800 workers of all ages,
including 1.309 women, it was found
that the highest rate of absenteeism
was among the younger workers.
A\^orker5 co\'ered in the study were
employed in 109 manufacturing
plants at a variety of occupations,
mostly productive, and covered af'
least six months in every instance.

The frequency rates of both dis-
abling and non-disabling injuries I
were also highest in the lower age |
groups — which to my mind calls for
more and better accident prevention
education and devices.

The survey showed that lesser in-
juries especially declined steadily
as the age of the worker increased.

THE CARPENTER

indicating that the older worker
was more attentive on the job and
had learned how to protect himself
better than had the young-er work-
er. In this accident survey, the
only thing- in which the younger
worker excelled, was his ability to
recuperate faster from his injury.

Another paradoxical fact revealed
by the survey was that younger
workers were more inclined to take
advantage of the facilties of plant
clinics for relief of minor discom-
forts not caused directly by their
work. The frequency of such visits
declined with increasing age, reach-
ing its lowest level for workers
aged 55 or over. In other words,
the older workers had learned how
to "take it" better. From a dollar
and cent viewpoint, this fortitude on
the part of the older worker was
profitable to the employer.

Medical doctors, psychologists
and sociologists have frequentl}^ de-
rided and shown up this age fantasy
which afflicts the country in so
many forms, for what it is, namely
an unscientific obsession. Except in
the case of forbidding child labor,
and regulating the type of employ-
ment for minors, this age standard
is no accurate measure of anything.
Some men and women are old at
40; others are young and vigorous
at 60. Most of the men who head
our corporations are men over fifty;
and when a man below that age man-
ages to rise to that proud position,
he is referred to as a remarkable
young man.

\ There are some occupations in
which youth must be served. That
is true in the arena of sports like
baseball and football; and in some
instances, in the entertainment
world. But even today, most of
the "great lovers" in the movies are
"young fellows" of forty, fifty or

more, who manage to give that illu-
sion of youth on the screen they
don't have off it.

Certainly its wonderful to be
young. We all are for it, and are
sorry old Ponce De Leon never
found his Fountain of Youth. Most
of us try to stay that way as long
as we can. But age has its compen-
sations too, and without the balance
wheel of maturity, our civilization
wouldn't last very long.

The war was the best proving
ground to debunk this arbitrary
age taboo which some doddering
tycoons set for their own industries.
The older workers over 45 did an
awful lot to make our unequaled
war effort a success while the
healthy and strong young men were
away doing the fighting; just as
they have done a lot to make our
peacetime production unparalleled.

As long as a man is fit and able
to do the work allotted to him, he
is entitled to hold the job. That is
the only real criterion that should
govern employment policies and
union-management relations. And
sound seniority rules are one way to
see to it that a man's right to a job
is protected.

If and when that recession should
come, and as man}^ predict it will,
the worker over 45 who is a mem-
ber of a strong union will find much
greater job protection than the one
who does not belong to such a union.
But over and beyond that, by edu-
cation of the employers we should
strive to eliminate this age fetish
which has destroyed the character,
health, useful services and skills of
so many hale and hearty workers
long before they were ready for the
so-called scrap heap.

To most men who have their
vigor, employment is the oil that
keeps them from rusting and get-

20 T H Z C A R P E X T E R

ting old. You and I. from personal That is insult added to injury: and

observation, knew of men who stay- it certainly is not a practice that

ed young while they worked at a should be tolerated in a democracy

job they loved, but Avho suddenly l^ke ours.

grew old and soon passed on when ^^'e don"t judge Stan Musial's

forced into retirement. '^^^ue as a ball player by the num-
ber he has on the back of his

But the biggest tragedy of all is ,1^,;^. j, ^g -^^^^ ^ cvpher to keep

to tell a hale, hearty and vigorous track of his 'great batting average

man over forty, with young chii- on the score card. And that is

dren and a family dependent upon what age is. just a number on the

him. that he is "'too old'' for a job. back of vour shirt.

World Labor Committee to Protect ERP

The InternatiC'^a. Trade Uni-or. Cor.ierence on the European Recovery
Program laid the g-r<juno-/. 'irk for an aggressi'.'e in:ernaiional labor organ-
ization to counter Communist attacks on the U. S. sponsored Marshall plan.

Delegates from i6 nations voted to establish an office in Pa;r:5 to work
with the Organization for European Economic Cooperation.

Playing a major role in this new development were David Dubinskv.
president of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, and George
M. Harrison, president of the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks, v.ho repre-
sented the American Federation of Labor at the international labor parley.

The action of the conference, American delegates said, provided the
nucleus of an American- Western European front against the Communist-
controlled labor organizations in Europe. The}' predicted the move would
hasten the dissolution of the Soviet-dominated World Federation of Trade
Unions.

The new central labor committee will, in the v/ords of the resolution
adopted by the conference group, "give guidance to national centers in the
mobilization and coordination of their activities" in support of the Euro-
pean Recovery Program.

In addition, the committee is expected to take the lead in an aggres-
sive campaign to counteract Communist propaganda and sabotage against
the Marshall Plan.

The committee will be headed bj* Leon Jouhaux. head of the French
labor organization. Force Ouvriere, w^hich broke away from the Commu-
nist-controlled General Confederation of Labor. He will be assisted by
A'incent Tewson. secretary of the British Trade Union Congress, and
Evert Kupers of The Nethelands.

Britain's powerful Trades Union Congress, which fathered the WFTU,
was brought around to pledging active support of the new central com-
mittee. After the British indicated they would side with the Americans,
other European labor organizations subscribed to the program.

Britain and the others will remain in the WFTL for the present, it v.as
explained, but the Americans predicted that the bod}' would lose influence
and support rapidly when the central committee began functioning.

DOES U.S.A. FACE CLASS STRUGGLE?

By George Meaiiy
Secretary-Treasurer, American Federation of Labor

IN THE EARLY YEARS of the American Federation of Labor, labor's
holiday was regarded primarily as a day on which it was fitting to give
serious thought to the problems confronting the millions who work
in order to live. The true meaning of Labor Day was never overlooked.

In recent years there has been a tendency to forget the real significance
of Labor Day and to use it for purposes of recreation or pleasure exclu-
sively. It would be entirely fitting if, on this Labor Day of 1948, we who
toil for a living were to observe the holiday in the older way. For surely it
must be clear that organized labor today is face to face with situations
which are as grave as any that bedeviled our predecessors.
This statement may seem rather

sweeping, but it is no overstatement.
Quite the contrary. Today our
movement, whose development has
meant so much to our country in
her rise to pre-eminence among the
nations of the w^orld, faces the
threat of destruction. There are
always those who are loath to
admit unpleasant facts, and there
are those who question whether the
enemies of labor are actually seek-
ing to destroy us. But the hand-
writing is on the wall, and those
who will take the trouble to read it
must see that the goal of labor's
foes is the annihilation of the or-
ganized labor movement as it has
existed on the soil of free America.
Already, although their power is
still far less than they expect it to
be a little later on, the reactionaries
of Big Busines and Big Politics
have lamed the working people of
America with oppressive anti-labor
legislation. They have put over not
only the Taft-Hartley Act but state
laws that also cripple the wage-
earner. Let us not lose sight of the
fact that the reactionaries have been

having a field day in the past three
years in a number of state legisla-
tures, with the result that today hos-
tile state laws, of varying degrees
of severit}^ are operative in more
than half the states of the Union.

The injuries inflicted upon the
tens of millions of average wage-
earning citizens since the end of
World War II have been dealt out
to us by the reactionaries of busi-
ness and politics whose grip on fed-
eral and state law-making bodies is
not yet complete. There are quite a
few items on their program for the
American labor movement which
they are keeping veiled for the pres-
ent. While for the most part the Na-
tional Association of Manufacturers
and its unholy agents and allies
have done a good job of guarding
the secrets of their future warfare
against organized labor, enough has
leaked out to make clear that labor's
enemies have in store new measures
so drastic as to make even the Taft-
Hartley Act look mild by contrast.

Yes, American labor does have
serious matters to consider on this

THE CARPENTER

Labor Day. To my mind, the most
serious problem of all is one that
must be of concern not only to
workers but to all other Americans
who believe — really and truly be-
lieve, in their hearts — that the free
American way of life is the best
way of life to be found on our
planet.

Our x\merican way of life is in-
deed the best ever devised by the
minds of men, and it is the best
not simpl}- because we have the
most telephones and automobiles
and bathtubs and skyscrapers. There
is much more to it than that. The
American way of life is best for
various reasons and in various ways,
but the most important point about
America is that we have been free
from the blig-ht of what is often
termed "the class struggle."

The nations of Europe know
what the class struggle means. The
class struggle has been going on
over there for decades. It is one of
the sad facts of European life.

American labor, as represented
by the American Federation of La-
bor, has always rejected the con-
cept of the class struggle. We have
never been out to destroy the em-
ployers. On the contrary, we have
always recognized and defended
the legitimate rights of employers.
No stauncher defenders of our
American free enterprise system
exist than the 7,500,000 American
working men and women who make
up the American Federation of La-
bor. We have asked and fought for
recognition of labor's rights. AVe
have asked and fought for economic
justice. But we have always recog-
nized that decent, fair employers
were fully entitled to decent, fair
treatment at labor's hands.

AA'here the class struggle idea
calls for "war to the death" between

employers on the one side and
workers on the other side, our idea
in the American labor movement has
been "live and let live." In the past
100 years, millions of people left
Europe and came to America be-
cause the}' were sick of the class
struggle. Xo circumstance has con-
tributed more directly or more vital-
ly to the phenomenal rise of our
nation than the absence of the ruin-
ous class struggle. America has
grown mighty and it has prospered,
and none has prospered more than
the employers of the nation.

And yet today the National Asso-
ciation of ^Manufacturers and cer-
tain legislators have permitted their
hatred of organized labor to blind
them to this fundamental fact. Like
the totalitarians of the Left, but
without the same deliberate plan-
ning and awareness of what they
are doing, the controlling clique of
the NAM and their federal and
state legislative cohorts have been
taking steps to bring the nation ever
closer to the precipice of the class
struggle.

American labor has always re-
fused to believe that this deadly di-
sease will ever catch hold here. We
have never wanted it. A\'e do not
want it now. The class struggle is
an evil thing, as the tragic experi-
ences of other peoples, in other
lands, have amply shown.

But the NAM and other reaction-
aries who are driving to bring about

a condition in which the emergence
of the class struggle concept would
be inevitable even in democratic
America had better stop and reflect
for a moment — if they can spare
that much time from their plot-
tings against working men and wo-
men.

Let them ponder and ponder Avell
that, if there is going to be a class

THE CARPENTER 23

struggle in America, it can have today, I am confident that we can

only one result, only one outcome — soon again move forward on the

not the crushing of labor, as they road to a better day for America's

desire, but the utter defeat of the workers. The past record of the

initiators of the struggle, the pow- American Federation of Labor in-

erful reactionary wing of Big Busi- dicates beyond question that strong

ness. opposition will bring out even

Despite the menace which we face stronger labor's will to progress.

Court Upholds Political Spending Ban

Federal District Court Judge Carroll C. Hincks upheld the Taft-
Hartley law's ban on the use of union funds for political expenditures.

In a case deliberately designed to test the law. Judge Hincks refused to
dismiss indictments brought against Local 481 of the AFL's Brotherhood
of Painters, Decortators and Paperhangers, charging the union and its
president, John R. O'Brien, with violating the law by spending union
funds for a political advertisement in a Hartford newspaper and for a
political radio broadcast.

The union announced it will appeal the case to the Supreme Court, if
necessary.

The court's ruling against the union asserted:

"In the light of the legislative history of the act, in silhouette against
the contemporary background, I hold, first, that the act was well within
the limits of Federal legislative power and, second, that it was not invali-
dated by its incidental effect in restraint upon the freedoms protected by
the First Amendment."

The union sought dismissal of the indictments on the grounds that the
challenged section of the Taft-Hartley law violated the guarantees of free
speech and a free press in the First Amendment to the Constitution.

Both the advertisement and the broadcast, which were paid for out of
regular union funds, were directed gainst the Presidential aspirations of
Senator Robert A. Taft, Republican, of Ohio, one of the authors of the
Taft-Hartle}^ law. and called for the defeat of Connecticut members of
Congress who voted for it.

Judge Hincks held that the case differed from that of the Congress
of Industrial Organizations and its president, Philip iSIurray, in which
the Supreme Court ruled last month that unions could spend their funds
for some political purposes.

The CIO case. Judge Hincks stated, involved "only expenditures by a
union to meet the costs of publishing an issue of a weekly union periodical
containing expressions of political advocacy and opinion in connection
with a congressional election and distributing the same."

In the Hartford case, the judge said, "union monies were expended for
publication of expressions of political advocacy intended to affect the
result of the election and the action of the convention in an established
newspaper of general circulation and for a broadcast by a commercial
radio station.

Editorial

Free Men Never Surrender Freedom

As thrilling as anything written by our better detective story authors,
the twin spy probes being conducted by House and Senate committees are
turning up one sensation after another. Startling confessions are becom-
ing commonplace and big names in Washington are being drawn into the
investigations week after week. Charges and counter-charges are flying
so thick and fast that it is difficult to determine just what is going on.
About the only certain thing to come out of the investigations to date is
the fact that Uncle Sam has been asleep at the switch lo these many years
insofar as security measures are concerned. People of the most question-
able loyalty have worked their way into high places in government circles.

How they did it remains an unsolved mystery — especially to the aver-
age worker who entered a defense plant during the war. Although he
never came in contact with anything more important than a machine or a
department, the average defense worker was fingerprinted, photographed,
quizzed, investigated, and practically bisected, dissected and examined
under a microscope. Yet all the while known rats were worming their way
into positions of utmost trust in Washington. Somehow or other it all fails
to add up.

Hogging the headlines at the present time are two Russian school
teachers. Brought to this country to teach in schools established for the
benefit of Russian embassy employees, the teachers disappeared when an
order came from the Kremlin that they should return to Russia. Having
gotten a taste of democracy at work, and having seen first hand the bless-
ings that freedom bestows upon people living under it, the Russian teach-
ers balked at the idea of returning to the bleakness and terror of Red
Russia. They simply disappeared and are now under the protective cus-
tody of this nation.

Their disappearance created something of an international crisis. By
hook or crook the Russian embassy has endeavored to get them back into
its clutches. So far the United States has refused to turn them over to
Russian diplomats. What fate awaits the two teachers if they ever fall
into Russian hands again is not hard to imagine. They have committed the
greatest crime of all in the Russian lexicon — they questioned the omnipo-
tence of Stalin and the Kremlin.

The furore which the Russian embassy is creating over the disappear-
ance of two obscure school teachers is a tip-off to the ultimate fate of
Communism. In recent years a dozen Communist envoys sent to this
country have kicked over the traces and deserted the Communist fold.
Some of them have been high-ranking Communists of long standing. One
and all they found themselves unable to stomach the oppression and regi-
mentation of Communism after having seen an example of what freedom

THE CARPENTER 25

and liberty bring to a nation. 'I'hese peo])le constitute the handwriting
on the wall for Communism, for people inherently want to be free
whether they are Russian or Greek or Abyssinian. Threats, force and
secret police may prevail with any people for a short while, but the will
for freedom never dies. In the end it trimuphs over all the coercion the
mind of man can invent. The Russian secret police can punish or liquidate
or imprison these two liberty-loving teachers today but four will spring
up in their place tomorrow. Ultimately they will crumble the entire struc-
ture of Communism.

And in all this there is a moral for anti-labor forces in this nation.
Compulsion and force are the two weapons they are bringing to bear
against organized workers. Compulsion and force are the motivating gears
in the Taft-Hartley Act. With their long unbroken history of freedom,
American workers are less amenable to compulsion and force than any
other workers in the world. Those who are seeking to place shackles on
American workers are merely building up a back-log of resentment that
some day will burst whatever legislative dams may be devised. And the
ensuing flood well might cruml)le the entire structure of free enterprise
which has no more ardent support than free organized labor.

■ •

Paging Jack Benny

Wage negotiations are always about money.

People don't work to get money — they work for what the money will buy.
They work for a lilgher standard of living . . . that is, for more meat on the table
and better cuts, for more orange juice, better clothes, a better house, a bigger car,
more life insurance, better plumbing, for the right to give bigger tips if they feel
like it.

You could double the money w'ages people get, but if these workmen produced
no more, the cost of wliat they make and therefore their prices would ultimately
double, and so even with twice the money, the w^orkmen could buy no more steak,
no bigger car, no better plumbing.

If prices go down, the workman could buy more steak, bigger cars, better
plumbing. And prices A\ill go down if the workmen ijroduce more efficiently. That
reduces cost, and j)rices follow.

So, in the final result, it is the workmen who detennine (by how well tliey
produce) how much of evei-jihing they can buy. That's what is meant by real wages.
They ai'e the only kind of wages that matter to the man Avho gets them. And he is
the man who determines them.

He ought to pay more attention to steak and plumbing than to dollars.

— Pamphlet distributed to employes
of the Missouri Pacific Lines

* * *

Bob Hope and Abbott and Costello being off the air, we thought our
readers ought to be entitled to one good laugh this summer: hence the
above pearly gem from the Missouri Pacific house organ. According to
this worthy publication, money is filthy stuff'. It causes only grief and
trouble. Workers ought not bother themselves with the vile stuff at all.

• For people who believe that sort of thing (if they do) railroad directors
are behaving somewhat strangely. In 1947 the railroads of the nation made

26 THE CARPENTER

seventy-one million dollars more than they made in 1946. Hating- money
as badly as they do, one would think they would have been satisfied.
However, this year they gave their passenger rates a very healthy kick
upwards. (It did not state in the article how this contributes to the wel-
fare, happiness and prosperity of the working- man who has to travel.)
Furthermore the railroads have worked tooth and toenail for the Bull-
winkle Bill, a measure designed to move the railroads out from under
provisions of the anti-trust laws so that they can fix up rates between
themselves without fear of prosecution.

For people who go around handing out literature about the worthless-
ness of money, the railroad directors of America are certainly chasing the
dollar for all it is worth. With the idea that working people gain nothing
from wage increases if prices increase even faster than wages, we have no
quarrel. The past several years have proved that point conclusively. How-
ever, with the idea that the cost of labor controls the cost of commodities
we differ radically. Nobody has proved this point better than the railroads.
Despite an increase of seventy-one million dollars in 1947 profits over the
preceding year, they have raised passenger fares substantially.

For the past several years all industry has been desperately endeavor-
ing to place all blame for high prices on labor costs. However, facts and
figures belie their contentions. Recently the AVall Street Journal — cer-
tainly no pro-labor publication — analyzed the financial reports of some 140
publicly-held utilities, excluding transportation and public utilities, and
they found that net profits during the April-through-June quarter of this
year exceeded profits for the same period last year by better than twenty-
five per cent. But this was chicken feed compared to the haul made by the
oil companies. January to June profits for some twenty-seven leading oil
companies jumped by some eighty-two per cent for the first six months
of this year as compared to last 3'ear. In industry after industry the pic-
ture has been the same. In fact. Business Week, one of the slicker finan-
cial publications, last month predicted that net profits this year will hit
the twenty billion dollar mark if the last half of the year maintains the
pace set during the first half.

To understand what twenty billion dollars in net profits means it is
necessary to do a little comparing. For example, in 1932, the total national
income was around forty-four billion dollars; which means that industry
profits this year will come close to equalling half the total national income
of 1932. In other words, net profits this year will equal nearly half the
total money all people received from wages, profits, dividends and all
other sources in 1932. Still industry is trying to pin the blame for high
prices on labor costs.

The fact of the matter is that wages are lagging far behind prices, and
even farther behind profits. From 1945 to 1947, wages increased less than
29 per cent on the average. During the same period, profits increased by
116 per cent and prices jumped by 60 per cent. Even some of the most con-
servative financial papers are finally conceding these things. Recently
"The Outlook," financial publication put out by Standard and Poor's,
admitted that profits have outrun wages considerably. "Wages and salaries
consumed a smaller proportion of the sales dollar last year than they did

THECARPENTER 27

in 1946," the publication reported. In an analysis of several hundred cor-
porations, it showed that wage and salary payments amounted to only
24.6 per cent of gross sales in 1947 as compared to 27.5 per cent in 1946.

The back of our hand to the ^Missouri Pacific's propaganda writers who
must think working people cannot read facts and figures any better than
thev can railroad timetables.

If They Want Mandates, Let's Give Them Some

After two weeks of thumb-twiddling, the special session of Congress
adjourned early last month. A few desultory efforts were made by some
of the more progressive members to attack the pressing problems of the
day. but the vast bulk of the members of both the House and Senate spent
more time playing party politics than worr3^ing about the welfare of the
American people. A badly-needed measure to get U.N. headquarters into
construction was passed, and so were a few mild credit and money con-
trols. Outside of that, the Congressmen might just as well have stayed
home.

Repeatedly Congressional leaders stated that there was no emergency,
and, therefore, no need for a special session. Perhaps for men on the Con-
gressional payroll at $15,000 per 3^ear there is no emergency; but for the
average worker who is trying to raise a famih' on eighty, seventy, or even
sixty dollars a week, there is an emergency- of the first water. It is an emer-
gency that involves the actual health and welfare of his family inasmuch
as an adequate diet and sufficient clothing at today's prices are beyond the
reach of many wage earners. Recently the Department of Commerce re-
vealed that at least a fourth of lower-income American families are dip-
ping into savings to get by. When in order to eat a man has to cut into
savings he laid away to meet unexpected set-backs or provide for old age,
that is an emergency; and the sooner Congressmen realize it the better.

Just as the leaders of the 8oth Congress insisted at the time the Taft-
Hartley Act was up that the American people gave them a "mandate" to
shackle labor, so at the special session they insisted that the people gave
them a mandate to lay oft' any inflationary controls. On both scores they
have been 100% wrong. The only mandate the 8oth Congresss got was
from the vested interests which put them in office when labor failed to do
its duty at the polls in 1946. These mandates of Big Business have been
to hamstring labor, allow unrestricted price gouging, and kick the little
people in the teeth.

November 2nd brings up a new shuft'le of the cards. If it is mandates
that Congress wants, let us give them some. Let us give the hidebound
reactionaries and NAM stooges a mandate to get out of office and stay
out. Let us give our friends in Congress a mandate to go back to A\'ash-
ington and continue fighting for all the people. Let us give all our law-
makers, in the state legislatures as well as in ^^'ashington, a mandate to
remember this is a government '"of the people, by the people and for the
people."

We can do this only if every worker is ready and willing to vote. Are
vou?

Of Carpenters

• •

THERE is something- about the carpenter's trade that you find no-
where else in all our workaday world, a gentle kindliness about
the craft. The blacksmith is perhaps more famous, but the trade
of the smith is a blustery trade, full of harsh noise and clangor. He works
in a gloomy darkness lit up by the dancing flare of his fire. The iron which
he works upon must be heated fiercely and treated with a sort of rude
violence. The sounds of the carpenter's trade are nothing rougher than the
sing of the saw and the purr of the plane. There, instead of flying sparks
to send the watching children scurrying back, are great curly shavings
tempting the most timid hands to catch them as they fall.
The memory of the old carpenter

shop of my childhood is still strong
enough to tug inwardly wherever
I see a carpenter at the bench. It
was a long, sunny room with a bench
all along one side. Against the other
wall were piles of window sashes
and frames, wheelspokes and sled-
runners, and a hundred other things
to set children guessing at their
uses. Over everything lay a powder
of golden dust like the glamor of
dreams. It lay thick on the window
panes and added more gold to the
entering sunlight. It danced in the
slanting rays and seemed inextric-
ably mixed with the sweet pungent
odor of seasoned wood.

The carpenter was an almost ideal
carpenter. His work was truly a la-
bor of love; every movement of his
hands upon his work was like a
caress. No rough handling of un-
responsive iron this, but a mild
smoothing of hands over wood that
had been shaped quietly and gently,
and surely. I have never seen a
more placid, kindly gaze than his.

I know another carpenter now,
too. I visited him the other day,
and as I entered his shop and saw

the same pile of gold over all, and
inhaled the fragrance of the wood,
I mentioned something of what it
meant to me. He glanced at me with
an understanding light in his eye
and went on measuring his material.
"I remember," he said, "a great
many years ago when I was a bit
of a boy, five or six years old I must
have been for I was starting to
school. Every day that our work
was well done, our teacher gave us
a little stamp with "reward for
merit" lettered on it. When we had
ten of these we received a little
card. Ten of these cards brought us
a large card with a colored picture
upon it. Whenever possible the
teacher would let us pick out the
picture that pleased us most. I re-
member the first card that I got. I
picked out one that had a picture of
a carpenter's bench and a chubby
little carpenter in a big white apron
working at the bench. He was using
a plane and a great shaving curled
up from it. It must have been that
shaving that took my eye."

He thrust the rule he had been
using into the pocket of his overall,

THE CARPENTER 29

and gazed out throug-h the dusty and filled the room with its cheerful

window with a faraway look in his voice.

eye as he continued. "Then one day I came away musing on his words
someone asked me what I was going and thinking what a wonderful ear-
to be when I got to be a man," and penter's shop that must have been
I said. "I'm going to be a carpenter. i„ Nazareth. There must have been
Jesus was a carpenter and I'm going little children around the door
to be a carpenter, too, when I grow watching the big shavings go curl-
up." They'd taught me that in v^un- j^g down just as in every carpen-
day School, and the chubby little ter's shop. Perhaps that is why car-
fellow with the shaving had done penters have that something that
the rest. I've kept that card to this other trades have not, the kindly
day. It's home in my room now. gentleness that vests the craft. I
He turned to me again with a like to think it is the peace of that
twinkle in his eye. "It's a great busi- workshop of long ago which colors
ness being a carpenter. Whenever the dust of every shop and gives an
you read about a carpenter you'll added mellowness to the sunlight
find that he is always poor but hon- shining through its tranquil win-
est. Poor but honest, that's us." Pie dows. — (Courtesy Christian Science
chuckled as he reached for his saw Monitor)

High Prices Slowing Up Housing

The number of new homes started and the number of permits issued
for future building dropped in July, according to preliminary estimates of
the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Thus, while reports show that the dollar valuation of new construction
has reached record heights, the physical volume of new housing being put
under construction is shrinking.

BLS figures placed the total number of housing starts during the month
at 94,000, below June levels by 2,000 units, and 3,000 under the month of
May when 97,000 homes were started to set the record for 1948.

Compared to 1947, housing activity in July, which was the 4th consecu-
tive month during which housing starts exceeded 90,000, showed an increase
of 12,900 units or 16 per cent, the bureau said. For the first 7 months of the
year, housing starts are running about 28 per cent ahead of 1947 and total
well over 550,000, the report declared.

Discussing the number of building permits issued in July, the BLS
estimate said :

"Early reports to the bureau indicate a slight downturn in the number
of local permits issued in July for new home construction. Among the
larger cities showing a substantial drop were Atlanta, Baltimore, Cleve-
land, Dallas, Miami, Milwaukee, Philadelphia, San Antonio, and Wash-
ington. Marked increases, on the other hand, were reported for Charlotte,
Detroit, Houston, Kansas City, Mo., Memphis, and Seattle.

"Duplicating last year's performance, the city of Los Angeles issued
more permits during the first 7 months of the year than any other city
in the country. New York City repeated in second place. Three Texas
cities (Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio) were among- the leading 10 in
both 1948 and 1947."

Official Information

General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS

of A3IERIOA

General Offite : Carpenters' Building. Indianapolis, Ind.

General President

WM. L. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

FiBST General Tice-President

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Second General Vice-President

JOHN R. STETENSOX

Carpenters' Building. Indianapolis, Ind.

General Secretary

FRANK DUFFY

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind,

General Treasurer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Eiecctiti: Board

First District. CHARLES JOHNSON, JR.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Fifth District. R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Se<^ond District. O. "WM. BLAIER
933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.

Third District. HARRY SCHWABZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.

Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTEL
3560 St. La-prrence, Montreal, Que., Cein.

Fourth District. ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman
FRANK DUFFY, Secretary

All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the General Secretary

CONVENTION CALL

You are hereby notified that, in pursuance of the Constitution of the
American Federation of Labor, the Sixty-seventh Convention of the
American Federation of Labor will be held in the Hall of ^Mirrors. Nether-
land-Plaza Hotel. Cincinnati. Ohio, beginning- at io:oo o'clock Monday
morning, November 15. 1948. and will continue in .-ession from day to
day until the business of the Convention shall have been completed.

NEW CTIARTERS ISSUED

2484 BlyttLeville, Ark.

2455 Orange, Va.

2456 Sudbury, Out., Can.
2S33 Truckee, Calif.

248 7 Yorkton, Sask., Can.

2853 Joseph, Ore.

28 5 8 Marysville, Calif.

24S9 Lorain, Ohio

NOVEMBER 2, 1948

MAKE IT LABOR'S DAY — BE SURE YOU VOTE!

CI T^TJlJTJTrLTTLTjn_.TjTjnjTrLTjTJTrLmTJTJTjTjT_rLrLP

Films Available

By authorization of the General Executive
Board, two short movies have been made. One
deals with activities at General Headquarters,
and the other covers operations of the Home for
Aged Members at Lakeland. These films are
available for showing at Local Union and Coun-
cil meetings. Ten copies of each are on file at
the General Office. Copies are loaned to Brother-
hood affiliates on a "first come first served" basis.

These films afford every member a rare oppor-
tunity to see the General Office and the Lakeland
Home in action. There is no charge for use of the
films. Local Unions and Councils interested in
showing them should address inquiries to :

Maurice A. Hutcheson,

First General Vice-President,
222 E. MICHIGAN ST., INDIAXATOLIS 4, IXD.

These are i6 MM Elms with sound.

They are in color.

Running time is 40 minutes for both Blms — 75 min-
utes for the General Headquarters him and 2^
minutes for the Home him.

Lh^~vrLrLnj^^\sins^JiJiJiJiJi^^

n znttnaxxntn

Not lost to those that lore them, They still live in our memory,

Xot dead, just gone before; And will forever more

^tst in Intact

The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.

Brother MAURICE ALVORD, Local No. 454, Philadelphia, Pa-
Brother HANS ANDERSON, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother I. H. BEASLEY, Local No. 1813, Winnfield, La.
Brother CHAS. O. BENNETT, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.
Brother VICTOR BENSON, Local No. 824, Muskegon, Mich.
Brother JOSHUA CARTY, Local No. 842, Pleasantville, N. J.
Brother M. W. CLARK, Local No. 452, Vancouver, B. C, Can.
Brother CHAS. CREAGER, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.
Brother EDWARD F. ENSIGN, Local No. 1335, Wilmington, Cal.
Brother LOUIS GRISS, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother JOHN GRUMHOLTZ, Local No. 1126, Annapolis, Md.
Brother EDWARD L. HARACICH, Local No. 1335, Wilmington, Cal.
Brother G. HERZOG, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.

Brother ALEXANDER HILDERMAN, Local No. 226, Portland, Ore.
Brother C. C. HOLLAND, Local No. 1126, Annapolis, Md.
Brother JOSEPH C. JACK, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
Brother O. B. JENKINS, Local No. 2288, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother JOHN KELTNER, Local No. 2808, Areata, Cal.
Brother GREGORY KLEBANOFF, Local No. 24€, New York, N. Y.
Brother CHARLES KUSTERKO, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother CHARLES A. LEUSSOW, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
Brother MICHAEL MADARAS, Loced No. 203, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Brother FRANK MASSEY, Local No. 2524, Longview, Wash.
Brother W. H. MEAD, Local No. 1126, Annapolis, Md.
Brother CARL NICHOLS, Local No. 1846, New Orleans, La.
Brother JOSEPH B. POLITSKI, Local No. 2288, Los Angeles, CaL
Brother JOHN ROWE, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.
Brother NICK SCHNUR, Local No. 1206, Norwood, Ohio.
Brother CHARLES SCHWAB, Local No. 60, Indianapolis, Ind.
Brother WILMER SEASTROM, Local No. 824, Muskegon, Mich.
Brother JACK N. SEMINOFF, Local No. 2288, Los Angeles, Cal.
Brother KARL SICH, Local No. 2827, Port Arthur, Ont., Can.
Brother WARREN W. SNEAD, Local No. 2983, Waynesboro, Va.
Brother GEORGE H. STERLING, Local No. 1126, Annapolis, Md.
Brother GEORGE TYSON, Local No. 824, Muskegon, Mich.
Brother FRED WAHL, Local No. 246, New York, N. Y.
Brother J. WALTERS, Local No. 1365, Cleveland, Ohio.
Brother EDWARD WATT, Local No. 188, Yonkers, N. Y.
Brother ARTHUR WILLIAMS, Local No. 2288, Los Angelees, CaL
Brother GEORGE E. WOOLEY, Local No. 1126, Annapolis, Md.

CorrospondoncQ

This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.

LOCH, 2388 IMEMBERS COMMENDED FOR VALOR

When fire of incendiary origin all but destroyed the E. J. Stanton and Son lum-
ber yard in Los Angeles, heroic efforts by members of Local Union No. 2 288 kept
the plant from becoming a total loss. "Within minutes after the fire was discovered,
many members of the union were on the job moving equipment and fighting the
flames. In appreciation of the fine job they did, L. H. Stanton, president of the
firm, sent the following letter to the union:

June 10, 1948.

EXCLUSIVE TO LUMBER & SAWMILL WORKERS
UNION, LOCAL No. 2288, and AFFILIATES

The following employees of E. J. Stanton & Son, Inc. who are members of the"
Lumber and Sawmill Workers Local No. 22 88 have won the gratitude of this*
company by the loyalty and initiative which they showed during the terrible fire*
in our yard which was started by an arsonist on Sunday, May 16.

Bill Baughman and Mel Wilbourn were on duty at the time the fire was dis-
covered. Bill, the watchman, reported the fire promptly and got the gates open
and then joined Mel to move trucks, hysters and carriers out of the yard. Frank
Regan, Eddie Oakey, Carlos Garcia, Jack Thomas, Jim Goodland, Robert Kuhn
and Nate Miller got to the yard witliin a matter of minutes after the Superin-
tendent called them and assisted in the removal of equipment and operation of fire
fighting equipment until the fire was extinguished.

Although we lost most of our warehouses and a large part of our inventory, the
good work on the part of the fire department and of our conscientious employes
saved the tools tliat we need to work with and will make it possible for us to re-
build our plant and serve our customers in the usual Stanton way.

Leroy H. Stanton, Pres.

BUTLER LOCAL HONORS VETERAN IMEMBER

Recently Local Union No. 500, Butler, Pennsylvania, sponsored a testimonial
dinner in behalf of their retired business agent, Brother John E. Cross. Brother
Cross served as business agent for the Local Union for over twenty years. During
all that time he fulfilled his position with faithfulness and integrity. He has some
forty-seven years of continuous membership in the United Brotherhood to his
credit. Year in and year out he has never been too busy to devote his time and
effort to any program designed to promote and build Local Union No. 500 and
the United Brotherhood.

Three hundred members, wives, and guests filled the banquet hall to capacity.
Special guests included William J. Kelly former General Executive Board member
and now manager of the Pittsburgh District Council; Charles Slinker, president of
the Pennsylvania State Council; and William Birch, Charles McGowan. Paul
Mitchell, and Ivan Larimer of the Pittsburgh District Council.

Highlight of the evening was the presentation of a fine radio to Brother Cross
by president D. J. Larimer as a slight token of the esteem in which both the officers
and members of the Local Union hold him. Following the banquet there was a
floor show and dancing. All who attended declared the evening an unqualified
success.

THE CARPZXTER

MOLIXE LOC-II. CELEBRATES GOLDEX AXXITERSARY
Early in July. Local Union No. 2 41 of Moline, Illinois, celebrated the Golden
AnniversaiT of its founding. Several hundred members, friends and guests filled
the banquet hall of Scottish Rite Cathedral for the occasion. Appointments for
the evening were described as ■well nigh perfect by all who attended. Gold decora-
tions adorned the tables and banquet hall. Each lady attending received a gardenia
corsage, and each male guest received a badge as a momento of the occasion. Fol-
lowing a splendid dinner, a first rate floor show amused and entertained the guests
for several hours.

A feature of the dinner was the presentation of a Fifty-Year Gold Pin to

Brother Eric Wyman who holds fifty years of continuous membership in good
standing in Local No. 241. In the half a century of service to his union. Brother
Wyman has earned the respect of his fellow workers and a thunderous ovation
greeted his few words of thanks for the honor rendered him. Three other members
of the union will be eligible for Fifty-Year Pins next year. They are: Carl Johnson,
Robert Crowley, and Carl Brissman. Local Union No. 241 is justly proud of its
fine old timers.

Special guests at the anniversary celebration were: Michael Sexton and Stanley
Johnson, president and secretary, respectively, of the Chicago District Council;
Jack Hill of Peoria, secretary of the Illinois State Council; General Representative
George Ottens; and Secretai-y DeYoung of the Tri-City Federation of Labor. In
brief addresses they complimented the union on its great record of progress and
predicted many years of continued growth and service. The high regard in which
the entire community holds Local 241 is a tribute to the honorableness and
integrity of its officers and members, past and present.

Current officers of the union are: William Cowley, president; J. P. Hermes,
recording secretary; J. Cuchanek. financial secretary; Charles Wellnitz, treasurer;
John Romme, conductor; Nels Pierson, warden; and Charles Skinner, Cliff Swim,
and Oscar Jones, trustees.

COLL-ALBLl, ILL.. LOCAL 3IARKS 25th AXXR-ERSART
On the evening of April 24th, Local Union No. 1997, Columbia, 111., commemo-
rated the twenty-fifth anniversary of its founding with a public dance. A large
crowd was on hand to help the Local Union celebrate its silver birthday. Among
the guests was the Honorable A. C. Metter, Mayor of the City of Columbia, who
extended congratulations to the union and its oflBcers and members.

Local Union No. 1997 was founded on March 24, 1923. Eighteen carpenters
signed the charter application. Of this original eighteen, three are still active
members with twenty-five years of continuous membership behind them. They

T If E C A K P E N T E R

are Brothers George Kremmel. Hugh McMullan, and Arthur Beckmann. Oldest
member of the Local Union in point of membership is Brother Charles L. Weisen-
stein "nho has a record of forty-five years membership in the United Brotherhood

of Carpenters. Recently EroT-ier Weisenstein received unusual publicity because
of a hobby or his. Since 1&''S he has saved every "weatherbird" weather predic-
tion printed in the Post-Di.spaich.

In the first quarter century of its existence, Local Union Xo. 199 7 has earned
the admiration and respect of the entire community, and the officers and members
are looking forward to litany more years of useful service on the pan of the organ-
ization.

DOULAKS FOB POLITICAI^ ACTION

The carpenters of Cincinnati are not satisfied with the record made by the
Eightieth Congress. Furthermore, they are determined to do something about it.

Pictured above are members of Cincinnati Local Union Xo. 1602 laying their dol-
lars on the line to back up United Brotherhood of Carpenters Xon-partisan Com-
mittee for the Repeal and Defeat of Anti-labor Legislation. The photographer

THE CARPENTER

snapped this picture at a political action meeting held in Woodlawn Hall on the
night of May 13. Some $115.00 in voluntary contributions was collected at this
meeting. At a previous political action meeting $72.00 was collected, which brings
to ?1S7.00 the total voluntary contributions Local Union No. 1602 has made to the
progress and welfare of unionism.

All fifteen local unions in the Cincinnati area which comprise the Ohio Valley
District Council, are conscious of the need for concerted political action. They have
worked out a fine cooperative program for mobilizing the political strength of the
United Brotherhood in the territory. To date they have raised some $1,500.00 in
voluntary contributions to fight for labor's rights.

DAXEELSOX LOCAI. :MARKS 45 YEARS OF PROGRESS

On April 17, 1948, over one hundred members and friends of Local No. 623
enjoyed a full course Turkey Dinner served by the grill committee of the Local
K. of C. council at the K. of P. hall in Danielson, Conn., to celebrate the forty-
fifth anniversary of the Local, and to honor the one remaining charter member of
the Local. He is Brother Joseph Halle who has been verj' active in the local and

Reading fi'oni left to right: Mr. and 3Lrs. Joseph Halle, Miss Messier, Brother
Dieudonne Messier of Local No. 623, Rev. Father Arthur Brodeur, Brother John J.
Egan, Conuiiissioner of Labor, Brother Cliarles Johnson, Jr., Executive Board
Member of the 1st District; Brother William J. Sullivan, General Representative;
Brother Thomas Yoczik, Apprentice Training Council; Herbert R. Harriott, Busi-
ness Agent, Local Xo. 623; George Lockvrood, President, Connecticut State Coun-
cil of Cai-penters; William Fargo, Business Agent, Local Xo. 30 of Xew London and
Vice President, Connecticut State Federation of Labor.

in the carpenter's union in the eastern part of the State. Brother Halle has held
an office in the Local most of the time that he has been a member: Secretary 1905-
06, President 1906-16, Recording Secretary and Treasurer 1942-47.

Among those present were, Brother Charles Johnson, Jr., member of the
General Executive Board for the first district: Brother William J. Sullivan, General
Representative for this district; Mr. John J. Egan, Commissioner of Labor for the
State of Connecticut; George Lockwood, President of the Connecticut State Coun-
cil of Carpenters; Joseph M. Rourke, Secretary-Treasurer of the Connecticut State
Federation of Labor; Brother Michael J. Barry, President of the Connecticut State
Building and Construction Trades Council; Brother Thomas Yoczik, Chief of the

THE CARPENTER

Connecticut Apprentice Training Council; Rev. Father Arthur Brodeur, M. S. of
St. James Church; members of the Executive Board of the Connecticut State
Council of Carpenters; and Perly Hovey, State Mediation Board.

After the dinner there were brief talks by Brothers Johnson and Sullivan on
the Taft-Hartley law, and by Mr. Egan on the state of Labor Relations, after which
an orchestra furnished music for dancing.

A UMQIE CEREMONY

The members of Local Union No. 10 4, Dayton, Ohio, who attended the June
11th regular business meeting witnessed a unique and inspiring ceremony when
Charles Flaum, union president, gave the obligation to the Kramer triplets. As far
as is known, the three Kramer boys are the first set of triplets in the United Broth-
erhood to receive the obligation simultaneously.

Pictured above are the Kramer triplets, Heni"}-, John, and Fred, Jr., receiving
the oath of obligation from Charles Flauni (left) president of Dayton, Ohio, Local
No. 104. The boys are apprentices and the sons of Fred Kramer, Sr., a long time
cai-penter and members of Local No. 104.

The Dayton triplets, Henry, John, and Fred, Jr., are the sons of Mr. and Mrs.
Fred Kramer, Sr. The father has been a member of Local Union No. 104 for
twelve years. The boys, only children of Mr. and Mrs. Kramer, were born Decem-
ber 20, 19 28. All are graduates of Wilbur Wright High School. More recently
they have been studying at the University of Dayton. Since they are all working
for the same construction firm, their marked facial resemblance causes some con-
sternation to the foremen and other workers on the job since only their parents
can really tell them apart.

The Carpenter extends congratulations to Brother Kramer and his three fine
sons as well as to Local Union No. 10 4.

AUSTRALIA GOES ON 40-HOlR WEEK

The forty-hour week became standard industrial policy throughout Australia
with the announcement of a decision by an arbitration court to grant the shorter
workweek, replacing the forty-four hour week in effect over the last 20 years.

Nearly 1,000,000 Australians will benefit from the change when the new hours
take effect next January.

W ^^^^^^rrr^r^^^r?/^ //^.

\s\ P\R

PORTXiAXD LADIES ELECT OFFICERS

The Editor:

Auxiliarj^ Xo. 4S9, Portland, Oregon had a meeting July 18 and held an elec-
tion of officers. Geneva Grebbe and Margie Prater for President, Geneva Grebbe
being elected. Willa Erickson and Mrs. Batzer for Vice-President, Mrs. Erickson
being elected. Sally Ptobinson was re-elected for Financial Secretary. Margaret
Frederick elected for Recording Secretary. Betty Stanton and Mrs. Tjoller for
Warden, Betty Stanton being elected. Dorothy Shipman elected Conductor. Mrs.
Frank Wagner elected Trustee.

We are having installation July 2, and haven't received nevr quarterly password.
Fraternally, Margaret Frederick, Recording Secretary.

SAX PEDRO AUXILIARY CARRIES OX GOOD WORK

The Editor:

Well, it's a year since our Auxiliary (Xo. 130, San Pedroj pulled up a chair
and had a chat with our sister Auxiliaries. We are still a very busy, happy organ-
ization. During the past year we have added a number of new members to our
group, and the interest recently has been marked. This, we believe, is due to the
fact that the members of the Local 1140 gave a party in May, especially honoring
the Ladies, not only of the Auxiliary, but wives of all the Local Members. There
were over 400 present at the party and floral decorations and entertainment, all
arranged by the men, were something that will long be remembered and discussed.
Lunch of baked ham, barbecued beef, potato chips, pickles, olives and lots of
other good things was prepared and served by a caterer. Dancing was the closing
entertainment of the evening. We were justlj' proud of our Local, and since most
of them read the CARPEXTER, we wish again to thank them here for their
wonderful cooperation with us, not only that evening, but at all times.

We still have our old ladies ward at General Hospital as our pet project; and
a willing committee, backed by a group of grand women, visits the ward twice
each month, writes letters, distributes magazines, gives them little personal gifts,
and tries in every way possible to make life for these very old ladies just a little
brighter. There are approximately thirty-four of them all well past seventy.

We meet on the second and fourth Fridays of each month. Second Friday is
business only, fourth Friday we follow the business meeting with a social hour
and refreshments, to which the men are cordially invited. We have lovely times.

Drop in on us some time, wont you? Hope to be with you on the pages of the
magazine again next year. Fraternally yours. Angle Jonto. President,

San Pedro, California.

WEXATCHEE GROUP YOUXG BUT ACTIVE

The Editor:

Ladies Auxiliary of Carpenters Xo. 81 of Wenatchee is just a little over a year
old but in that short time we have accomplished a lot. We have thirty-two members
in good standing.

The attendance of Local 2205 has gone up a great deal since our formation.
Our men realize that we women spend three-fourths of the pay check and when
we are union-minded we will insist on union-made goods, and they help our
auxiliary in every way possible. The men also enjoy our social night in each month.

THE CARPENTER

We were verj^ happy to have our Recording Secretary, Lucille Johnson elected
Vice-President of the Washington State Council of Carpenters' Auxiliaries at the
convention this year.

We would like to hear from our sister Auxiliaries. We have a wonderful group
of women in our Auxiliary, and we will be glad to exchange ideas on how to raise
money and wise ways of spending it.

Fraternally, Ladies Auxiliary of Carpenters No. 81,

Labor Temple, Wenatchee, Wash.

BAY CITY AUXILIARY INSTALLS OFFICERS

The Editor:

Ladies Auxiliary No. 468, Bay City, Michigan, on the night of July 21, installed
Mrs. Alice Schnell as President to succeed Mrs. Marjorie Page. Other officers in-
clude: Mrs. Velma Sutherland, 1st Vice-President; Mrs. Grace Lang, 2nd Vice-
President; Mrs. Henrietta Ziegler, Recording Secretary; Mrs. Nellie Frover, Finan-
cial Secretary and Treasurer; Mrs. Bertha Morin, Conductress; Mrs. Virginia Weiss,
I Warden; Mrs. Ellen Lord as Chaplain.

Trustees are Mrs. Fidelis Brown, Mrs. Esther Groulx, and Mrs. Thelma Horner.
f Mrs. Agnes Ruhlig is Publicity Chairman.

' Corsages, arranged by Mrs. Sophie Matuszewski, marked places for retiring
and incoming Presidents and a gift was given the retiring President by Mrs. Matus-
zewski. Afterwards games with prizes got under way to round out the evening.
Our Auxiliary meets the third Wednesday of each month. Our next meeting
\ will be held on August 18, 1948.

Sincerely, Mrs. Agnes Ruhlig, Publicity Chairman.

TOLEDO LADIES HOLD INSTALLATION PARTY'

I The Editor:

Ladies Auxiliary No. 2 of Carpenters' Local 1138, Toledo, Ohio, on their last
meeting night, July 14, held a supper for members and their families preceding
their regular meeting and installation of officers. We had a nice attendance and
a very enjoyable evening. Past President, Ruby Semoff, installed the following
officers: President, Celia Walker; Vice-President, Elsie Her; Recording Secretary,
Bernice McDaniel; Financial Secretary and Treasurer, Bertha Lietz; Conductress,
Jennie Groff; Warden, Marguerite Flory; Trustees, Pearl Alender, Jennie Groff
and Gertrude Suter.

Our meetings are held the second and fourth Wednesdays of each month at
8 P.M. at Carpenters' Hall, 628 N. Erie St.

Bernice McDaniel, Recording Secretary.

BROTHERHOOD MEMBER INVENTS NEW TYPE AVINDOW

Brother George H. Slook, for the past eight years president of Local No. 43 2 of

Atlantic City, has invented a new type of
window that is not only cheaper to build but
also easier to repair. With this new patent-
ed frame and sash the outside of the window
glass may be washed from the inside. Each
sash works up and down on two weights held
by a bronze tape or cable (being pointed to
in the picture by Brother Slook). Weights
can be replaced in a matter of minutes with-
out removing the stop or trim, and Brother
Slook claims his new window to be both
airtight and watertight. He further claims
that his new type sash will not stick after
painting.

Brother Slook's new window is stirring
up considerable interest in building circles
throughout the nation.

Craft Problems

Carpentry

LESSON 240
By H. H. Siegele

The Steel Square. — Everybody knows
■what a steel square Is; that is, he
knows that it has a large arm and a
smaller one branching off from it at a
right angle. The large arm is 2 inches

the tongue in the right, keeping the
square approximately on a level and
the heel from you, the face side of the
square will be up.

Roof Framing Table. — I have never
used the roof framing table on the
square for any practical purpose, but I
will explain it. The student should ob-

wide and 2 4 inches long, while the
smaller arm is only 1 % inches wide and
16 inches long. The large arm is called

tain a square that has the table on it,
as shown by Fig. 2, and lay it before
him. He will find to the left on the

Fig. 2

the body, and the small one is called
the tongue. The intersection of the out-
side edges of the two arms is called
the heel. The face side of a steel square
is the side on which the manufacturer's
name is stamped. The side opposite to
the face side is called the back. The
square shown by Fig. 1 has the face
side up. In other words, if the body of
the square is held in the left hand and

body, the top line, these words: "Length
of main rafters per foot run," just as
shown by the drawing. Right under the
edge figure 18 he will find 21.63, which
means that the length of the main, or
common rafter, per foot run and 18
inches rise, is 21.63 inches long. To
find the length of the rafter, multiply
21.63 by the number of feet in the
run of the roof.

THE CARPENTER

Diagonal Scale. — Fig. 3 is a drawing
of the diagonal scale, which is used to
measure hundredths of an inch with a

-< i" -*.

-* 1"

•< 1 *■

/////////

^Pfi

f "

1.44 inches since each space up adds
one one-hundredth of an inch to the
distance. In other words, the distance
between a and a is 1.40 inches, but the

Fig. 5

four spaces up add .0 4 inch to it, mak-
ing the distance between b and b 1.44
inches. If the compass were set to
points c and c, the distance would be
1.66 inches. The student should use a
compass and practice with it on measur-
ing different distances to the hundredth
part of an inch.

Application of the Square. — Fig. 4
shows the square applied to a timber,

Fig. 3

compass. The compass shown has the ^
points set at a and a. Each space in
the diagonal scale from left to right
counts 10 one-huudredths of an inch.

Fig.

The distance then between the points
of the compass, as shown, would be one
whole inch plus four spaces of the diag-

Fig. 6

using 12 on the tongue and 18 on the
body, to obtain the length of the rafter
per foot run, which is 21.63 inches,
just as the table gives it.

Hips and Valleys. — The second line of
the table gives the lengths of hips and
valleys per foot run of the common raf-
ter. (The run for hips and valleys per
foot run of the common rafter is 17
inches, minus — the exact figure being

Fig

onal scale, or 1.40 inches. If the com-
pass were set four spaces up, as be-
tween b and b, the distance would be

16.97 inches.) Under the edge figure
18, the second line, will be found 24.74,
or the length in inches of a hip or

THE CARPENTER

H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS

BUILDING.— Hai 110 p. tnd 496 11.. cererlnc form

tjuildlnf. flniihinf. ttilr bulldlnc. »*<• 12-50.

ROOF FRAMING.— 17S p. uid 437 U. Boor rrimine
romplete. Other problemi. including law filing. $2.00.

CARPENTRY.— Hn 302 p., 754 11., eorerlnf ««oeril
houie carpentiT, Mtlmitlnc ind other lubjecti. 12.50.

BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Hti »iO p.
670 11., »nd mbout 7,000 building tr«de lermi. tS.OO.

QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— CoTen hundredi of prie-
llcal building problems, hii 252 p. ind 670 11. $2.50.

The iboTe flTe booki lupport one mother.

TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Onlj $1.00.

PUSHING BUTTONS. — llluitrated prose. Only $1.00.

FREE. — With 1 booki. one $1.00 book free, with

4 booki, two, and with 5 booki, three $1.00 booki free.

Books autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantee.

C. O. D. orden, poitige and C. 0. D. fee added.

K H. H. SIEGELE ^!^i:;^

QUANTITIES — 12 or more books. 20% off, f.o.b. Chicago

valley rafter per foot run of the common
rafter. Fig. 5 shows the square applied
to a timber using 12 on the tongue and
the length of the common rafter per
foot run, or 21.63 inches, on the body
of the square. The diagonal distance,
as shown, is 24.74 inches, or the length
of hips or valleys per foot run of the
common rafter, the same as shown by
the table.

Difference in Lengths of Jacks.- — The
third line of the table gives the differ-
ence in the lengths of jacks spaced 16
inches on center, or 28.84 inches. Fig.
6 shows the square applied to a timber
showing how that figure is obtained. If
the rafters were spaced 12 inches on
center, the difference in the lengths of

nT^s 3

12.

Fig. 8

the jacks would be 21.63 inches, or the
length of the common rafter per foot
run, as shown by the square marked
A. But the space is 16 inches, which is
4 inches more than 12, as shown by
the square marked B. Four inches is
one-third of 12, so by adding one-third
of 21.63 inches to itself, the result will
be the difference in the lengths of the
jacks, or 28.84 inches, the same as the
diagonal distance shown by the square
in position B.

Jacks Spaced Two Feet.— The fourth
line of the table gives the difference in
the lengths of jacks, if spaced 2 feet
on center, or 43.27 inches. Fig. 7 shows
how this figure was obtained. Each of
the two squares, A and B, gives the
difference in the lengths of jacks if
spaced 12 inches, or 21.63 inches. Then
if they are spaced 2 feet, the difference
in the lengths of jacks would be just
twice 21.63 inches, or 43.27 inches, as
shown by the diagram.

Edge Bevel for Jacks. — The fifth line
of the table gives the figure to be used
with 12, in order to get the edge bevel
for the side cut of jacks, or 6 11/16.
How the square is applied is shown by
Fig. 8 Tsquare marked A). To the left

Fig

one of the two-way arrows points to the
V-shaped mark that indicates the point
to be used with 12. The enlarged part
is a reproduction from Fig. 2, where to
the right the edge figure 6 is shown.
The square marked B shows how one
foot run and the length of the rafter
per foot run will give the same bevel.

Edge Bevel for Hips and Valleys. —
The sixth line of the table gives the
figure to be used with 12 to obtain the
edge bevel for the side cut of hips and

CARPENTERS and
BUILDERS' HANDBOOK

consists of short but practical
rules for laying out roofs, ceil-
ings, hoppers, stairs and arches
'.vith tables of board measure,
length of common, hip, valley
and jack rafters, square meas-
ure, etc. — also, rules for kerf-
ing, laying off gambrel roof and
explaining the steel square.
Money back if not satisfied

$1.00 postpaid

D.A.ROGERS

5344 Clinton Avenue
Minneapolis 9, Minn.

THE CARPENTER

valleys, or 8*4. One of the two-way
arrows (Fig. 9) shows the X that indi-
cates the point to be taken. The en-
larged part with the edge figures 7, 8,
9 on it is reproduced from the part to
the right of Fig. 2, — compare the two.
The square shown by dotted lines, shows
how 17 (the diagonal distance of 12
and 12) and the length of the hip or
valley per foot run of the common raf-
ter, will give the same bevel.

WANTS TO KNOW

By H. H. Siegele

An apprentice wants to know how to
get the difference in the lengths of
gable studding, when the run and the
rise of the roof are known.

As a rule the apprentice carpenter
makes this problem harder than it
really is^in fact, it is simple. Let's
put it in simple terms: The roof, say,
has a 12 and 8 pitch; that is, 12 inches
run and 8 inches rise. Now if the stud-
ding were spaced 12 inches on center,
the difference in the lengths of the gable
studding would be 8 inches. And if the
studding were spaced 24 inches on cen-
ter, then the difference in the lengths of
the studding would be twice 8, or 16
Inches. But in case the studding are

Fig. 1

spaced 16 inches on center, because 16
is one-third less than 2 4, the difference
in the lengths of the studding would be
one-third less than for the 24-inch spac-
ing, or 10% inches.

The accompanying illustration shows
how what has just been explained, can
be gotten by means of the steel square.
The square in position A, shows a 12-
inch run and an 8-inch rise — the rise is
the difference in the lengths of gable
studding spaced 12 inches on center.
Position B shows the tongue of the

square by dotted lines, giving the differ-
ence in the lengths of the studding for a
16-inch spacing, or 10% inches, while
position C gives the difference in the
lengths of the studding for a 24-inch
spacing, or 16 inches. The student
should apply the square to a board as
shown, and think through and compare
the two explanations given here.

NEW THE RAFTCUT FOR RAFTERS

Chart with Folder

A simplified method fm- speed and aceuraey in figiirins the
length of Common. Hip or Valley rafters. Especially for
Apprentices. Carpenters and Builders.

The Raftciit gives you 12 different pitclies. ranging from
4 to 18 inch rise. It will give you 2'iJlQ different lengths
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Instruction for this Baftcut are given on reverse side.

Raftcut Chart

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For thirty-two years, "Billy" Bryant has
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IF YOU ARE A CARPENTER

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LEARN TO ESTIMATE CARPENTER WORK in a

Burprisingly short time. 49 years experience in lumber-
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methods such as grading labor on lumber and other
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Having some experience in lumber, that is the best
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Full Length Roof Framer

This book Rives the ExTinE Length of
tlie Couiuion, Ilii), Valley and Jack Rafters
for 4S different pitches.

The flattest pitch is a % inch rise to 12
inches of run. Pitches increase Va inch of
rise eacli time until they reach 24 inches of
rise to 12 inches of run. There are 48
pitclies, all told.

There are 2,400 different spans or widths
of buildings given for each pitch. The small-
est span is 14 inch, and they increase V4
inch each time until they reach a span of
50 feet. There is a different rafter length
for each M inch of span ; therefore there
are 2,400 Common and 2,400 Hip Rafter
lengths, or 4,800 rafter lengths for each
pitch ; or 230,400 rafter lengths can be had
for the 48 pitches.

By doubling or trebling the spans, the
range of this book can be increased to meet
the requirements of any building or bridge,
even should the span run In the hundreds
of feet.

Tlie 144 Tables will give the Entire
length of the Common, Hip, Valley or Jack
Rafter to Vs inch, for positively any span,
be it in odd feet, odd inches, or odd frac-
tions of an inch.

The cuts and bevels for all the roof work
are given with each of the 48 pitches.

Getting the lengths of rafters by the span and
the method of setting up the tables is fully pro-
tected by the 1917 & 1944 Copyrights.

Price $2.50 Postpaid. If C.O.D. pay $2.78.
Money back privilege

A. RIECHER5

p. O. Box 405

Palo Alto, Calif.

Guarantee;

If you are not

satisfied with

this tool within 30

days return it and

money will be refunded.

Each
Postpaid

ROOF FRAMING

NOW AS EASY AS ABC

WITH

COR WELD s%Va°rI

This new tool speeds up Roof framing.
Gives the plumb and level cuts easily and
clearly for Common, Hip or Valley and
Jack Rafters.

To form a handy Tri-Square set the pointer
at either 0 or 90 degrees. Slide Square is
ideal as Bevel Square or for making any
cuts where an Adjustable Square is required.

CORWELD SUPPLY COMPANY

P. 0. Box, 561, Hyde Park Station, Los Angeles 43, Cal.

NOTICE

The publishers of "The Carpenter" reserTe the
right to reject all advertising matter which may
be. in their judgment, unfair or objectionable to
the membership of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.

All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car-
penter," including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories

Page

American Floor Surfacing Mach-
ine Co., Toledo, Ohio 47

E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis,

Ind. 4th Cover

Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 44
Corweld Supply Co., Los Angel-
es, Cal. 46

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 48

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover

E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,

Cal. 47

Ma.ster Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y. 48

F. P. Maxson, Chicago, 111 44

A. D. McBurney, Los Angeles,

Cal. 43

Millers Falls Co., Greenfield,

Mass. 44

Nicholls Mfg. Co., Ottumwa,

Iowa 47

Ohlen Bishop, Columbus, Ohio 44

The Paine Co., Chicago, III 45

Porter-Cable Machine Co., Syra-
cuse, N. Y. 6

Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore 5

The Speed Co., Portland, Ore. — 45

The Speed Corp., Portland, Ore. 44
Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn._3rd Cover
Stevens Level Co., Newton Falls,

Ohio 45

Carpentry Materials

The Celotex Corp., Chicago, Ill._ 1
The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._2nd Cover

Overalls
The H. D. Lee Co., Kansas City,

Mo. 45

Technical Courses and Books

American School, Chicago, 111 45

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago, III. 47

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y — 3rd Cover
Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111. 3

Commercial Trades Institute,

Chicago. 111. - 43

Frederick J. Drake & Co., Chi-
cago, 111. 4

E. W. Hoffner, Chicago, 111 44

L. Landry, Ereeau, Ont., Can 43

A. Reichers, Palo Alto, Cal 46

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 42

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans. — 42

Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo._ 48

KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE FAMILY!

PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS

MAKE $35

TO $50 A DAY

Be Your Own Boss

Right now — cash in on the building
boom with an American Floor Sander!
Hundreds of men have found they can
make $35 to $50 a day in floor surfac-
ing work with an American. Pleasant,
inside work , . . heated quarters . . . no
scaffolding to climb . . . steady income
year 'round.

".r%J^ ~„ American Sanders

are easy to operate
— no big overhead.
— no special school-
ing. Send coupon for
i^mohey- making
booklet.

meIkiaI

FLOOR MACHINES

American Floor Surfacing Machine Co.
520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo 3, Ohio

Enclosed find 25c in stamps or coin for book-
let "Opportunities in Floor Surfacing", telling
how I can start my own floor sanding business.

Name
Street
City...

.State.

12th Edition for
EXAMINATION

SEND NO MONEY

Laam to draff plans, estimate, be ■ live-wire bulMer, do

remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro-
fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help you
to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con-
crete forms, carpentry, steel s(iuare, roof framing, construc-
tion, plinnbing, heating, painting, decorating and many
other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 illustralions.

BETTER JOBS -BETTER PAY "^"^"fi"

A nationwide building boom is in full E D I I I w M
swing and trained men are needed. These books ar<
Big opportunities are always for MEN the most up-to-
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup- date and complete
Ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub-
handy, permanent reference information llshed on these
(hat helps solve building problems. many subjects.
Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For Examination

\MERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Vocational Publishers since 1898
Dept. G636 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, 111.

You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your nine
big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges
only, and if fully satisfied In ten days, I will send you
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am Dot obligated In any
way unless I keep the books.

Name

Address

City State

Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one buslneii
man as reference. Men In service, also give home addreii.

Any user will fell you thai Nicholls 100-A Square
(shown here) is the finest square a carpenter can
own. No other square carries all the information
shown on this square. Here's strictly a Master-
Mechanic's Tool accurately mode by master crafts-
men. See it at your local hardware store.

NICHOLLS MANUFACTURING CO.

OTTUMWA, IOWA

HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY !

YOU DO THIS

E-Z Mark Butt Gauge

a clean cut deeply etched proiile.

hips. Repeat operation on jamb.
Hang door. THAT'S ALL-
NO MORE!

AND GET THIS

• Hang more doors better.

• No adjustments. No errors.

• Used and approved by Master
mechanics. , . . ., ,

• Comes in 3i" and 4" (standard) sizes
9 Precision made.

Cost ONLY $1.75 ea.. or $3.50 a set
at your hdw. store. If dealer can't sup-
ply, send only $1.00 with order and pay
postman balance, plus postage C.O.D. In Can. ,$3.. 5 (noC.O.D.

E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C, Los Angeles 16, Cal

COMES WITH
UATHEREHE CASE

5()(, mm or

of MEASURING.

ICCURACY!

Mechanics and craftsmen will wel-
come Brite-Blade's accuracy as well as
its flashing white blade which simpli-
fies reading. The nickel plated, zinc al-
loy case will take the toughest punish-
ment with ease. You can get a Brite-

Blade at all good hardware stores or
building supply houses — or if you pre-
fer, use coupon.

i^Wi^S w'fB mm

WOODi AND TAPE] RULES

MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC.

201 Main Street, White Plains, New York
Please send me

306W- 6 U. Bnfe-Blade-$1 .75
308V/- 8 ff. Brife-Blade-$1 .90
3/OW-JO ff. BrHe-Blade-$2.25

My check (or Money Order) is enclosed.

NAME

E-9

ADDRESS-

CITY_

-STATE_

INDEPENDENCE

This FREE BOOK shows
How to Win It

"INDEPENDENCE AFTER 40"
book giving you a proven, prac-
tical way to make $20 to $30 a
■week in spare time — sharpening
saws withi tlie Foley Automatic
Saw Filer. Start at home in
basement or garage — you can
turn out perfect cutting saws
right away — no experience
needed.

The Free Book gives you a
plan based on facts, with
only a small investment, no
overhead, no stock of goods
to carry. There are thou-
sands of saws in
every community
to keep sharp.
Begin in spare time
develop into a full-
time business of your own later
Take the first step towards being your
own boss — send the coupon for this
book — read it carefully.

AJktPEM^fc.

Se*td g<xu^<ut 'Pox FREE BOOK

Foley Mfg. Co., 918-8 Foley BIdg., Minneapolis, Minn.

Send FBEE BOOK— "Independence After 40"

Name

Address

LEARN TO ESTIMATE

If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.

By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.'
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75
and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what yoii find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.

Write your name and address clearly, and
give your age, and trade experience.

TAMBLYN SYSTEM

Johnson Building C-21, Denver 2, Colorado

m^^

^sf

Stanley Screw Driver No. 25

The polished, alloy-steel blade is tempered its
entire length. Patented bolster construction anchors
blade in hardwood handle. Tips are accurately
crossground to size. Handle is fluted for sure grip.
Eight sizes for a choice. Buy a No. 25 next time — and
good Stanley Tools always. STANLEY TOOLS,
163 Elm Street, New Britain, Connecticut.

THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD

-[STANLEY]

Keg. U. S. Pat. Off.

HARDWARE ■ HAND TOOLS- ELECTRIC TOOLS

Make Every
Day's ^ork

fiTH A

MODEL
60

^/i^y^tSkur

Carpenters everywhere finish
more work . . . faster . . . easier
with a Model 60 MallSaw. It
cuts wood and metal . . .
grooves mortar joints . . . cuts
and scores tile, concrete and
other aggregate compositions.
When set in special stand it
can be used as table
shaper, bench grinder or
er. Also larger models.

6" Blade — 2" Capacity
Asfc Dealer or Vlt'iie Portable Power Tool Division.

MALL TOOL COMPANY

7751 South Chicago Ave., Chicago, 19, III.

AUDELS Carpenters
^nd Builders Guides

4vois.^6

Inside Trade Information

for Carpenters, Builders, Join-
ers. Building jMeclianics and all
Woodworkers. These Guides
give yoQ the short-cut instruc-
tions that yoa want — including
new methods, ideas, solutions.
plaBS, systems and money sav-
ing suggestions. An easy pro-
gressive course for the appren-
tice and eta.'ent. A practical
daily helper and Quick Refer-
ence for the master worker.
Carpenters everywhere are us-
ing these Guides as a Uelpinfl:
Hand to Easier Work. Better
Work and Better Pay. To get
this assistance for yourself.

Inside Trade Information On: m^f fB£E°coopoNbeiow.

How to use the steel square — How to flle and

set saws — How to build lurniture — How to use

a mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How

to use rules and scales — How to make joints —

Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration

problems — Estimating strength of timbers —

How to set girders and sills — How to frame

houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How

to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.

— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up

specifications — How to excavate — How to use

settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How

to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How

to build stairs — How to put on Interior trim — • ,

Bow to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint.

AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' tree
trial. II OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 Is paid.
••Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfied.

Name-

Employed by-

CAR

Even without its name

you^d know If was an ATKINS

On every Atkins "Silver Steel" Saw that's Sold, the Atkins name
appears prominently. It stands for honest craftsmanship and sav/ing
performance that has never been excelled. Yet even without its name^
men who know and use saws would probably recognize an Atkins...
By the way it looks — its perfect balance — its free and easy cutting
— above all by the way its "Silver Steel" blade holds its edge . . .
These are the "trade marks" of an Atkins just as surely as its name.
"Look" for them the next time you buy-^any sow.

5 Work Savers
from the Complete

ATKINS Line

No. 400 Straight Bock

Mirror polish blade. "Perfection" handle pre-
vents wrist strain. Taper ground 5 gauges for
easy clearance. Ship point.

^:~jm:::z

No. 65 Straight Bacic

Fine quality for general carpentry. Damas-
keen polish blade. Toper ground. Ship point.

No. 2000 Straight Bacit

light but stiff blade, taper ground, polished
ond etched. "Perfect-Grip" apple handle.
Ship point.

No. 37 Compass Saw

17 X 18 gouge blade hardened,
tempered and polished. 8 points
per inch. Filed and set. Plastic
handle.

No. 39 Keyhole Saw
(not shown)

18 X 19 gouge for easy clearance
10 points per in. Uniform temper.
Filed and set. Plastic handle.

"$^ ^'SAWS 1-^

E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY • Home off.c

Factory: 402 S. Illinois Street. Indianapolis 9. Indiona
fironch Factory; Portland, Oregon • Branch Offices:
Atlanta - Chicaoo • New Orleans • New York • San Francisco

noicB

MAKERS OF BETTER SAWS fOR EVERY CUTTING fOB

CARPENTER

FOUNDED 1881

Official Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

OCTOBER, 1948

YOU'VE GOT TO PITCH

BALL GAMES

ELECTIONS

801!^ CONGRESS SCORE BOARD

,Nmi;?s 2/0400200

LABOR 00000000

It's the Last of the Ninth . .

For your own soke • For Lobor's soke

ELECTION DAY - NOVEMBER 2,1948

BEING USED EVERYWHERE

UPSON

DUBL-THIK
Fibre-Tile

Coeaa^al

Gives you an unmarred wall — free from visible
holes.

You simply nail Upson Floating Fasteners
studs or furring strips to anchor panels securely /
the back. Special smooth surface makes an i<
base for beautiful enameling job.

Gives you a rugged crackproof wo//— more than
thick. Our 5-ply laminated panel is tough and str
— not brittle — will not chap or loosen. Positi
crack-proof. Millions of feet in use for many ye
F. H. A. accepted.

Costs the customer less — opens up a new fi<
Check up! Comes in 4' widths — standard lei
Get Upson Dubl-Thik Fibre-Tile from your l|{j
dealer or mail the coupon below.

Easily Identified By The Famous BLUE Center.

rti 1 ^■^•- :>..

THE UPSON COMPANY

310 Upson Point, Lockport, New York

Send me your t>ooklef "Gleaming Magic," and Direction Slieets for applying Upson
' Thik Fii>re-Tile.
NAME

STREET

STATE

mnm cohverts

UMEAR FEET
TO BOftRO EEET

GREENLEE

Solves many other
woodworking problems
in seconds 1 AC

onl/ Iv

Easy to use. Fast . . simply set dial
of GREENLEE Handy Calculator to get
measurements; slope per foot in de-
grees; comparative hardness, weights
and workability of various woods;
bit sizes; nail specifications; tool
sharpening hints. 6" diameter heavy
varnished cardboard. Special offer
by maker of famous GREENLEE tools.
Send IQi^ to Greenlee Tool Co., 2090
Columbia Avenue, Rockford, Illinois.

fAML COUPON!

American Floor Surfacing Machine Co.
520 So. St. Clair St., Toledo 3, Ohio

Please send latest catalog on the following:

D American Sanderplane Belt Sander

n American Speedy Spinner Disc Sander

Name .
Street.
City . .

State

A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.

PETER E. TERZICK, Editor

Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Established in 1881
Vol. LXVIII — No. 10

INDIANAPOLIS, OCTOBER, 1948

One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy

— Con tents —

Over time- O n- Over time

When the Supreme Court last June handed down its decision in the famous "overtime-
on-overtime" case considerabie interest developed among both employers and unions,
A large number of Local Unions have written the General Office asking how the decision
is going to affect them. In response to these inquiries the legal department of the Broth-
erhood has prepared a detailed analysis of the ruling.

Chicago D. C. Honors Frank Duffy

With the members of the Executive Council of the American Federation of Labor,
and the Officers and Board Members of the United Brotherhood present, the Chicago Dis-
trict Council pays tribute to Brother Frank Duffy who on July 31st stepped down as Gen-
eral Secretary of the Brotherhood after 47 years of loyal and faithful service.

It's Now or Never

Because millions of working people failed to go to the polls In 1946, a rabidly reac-
tionary Congress assumed power. In the 24 months since then, American v^orkers have
paid dearly for their neglect. Price increases a one have gouged the nation's pay en-
velopes of some fifty billion dollars. On November 2nd, the workers will have a chance
to rectify their mistake of 1946. If they take advantage of the opportunity, better days
are ahead; but if they let the election go by default once more the future will look
gloomy Iniieed.

OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Editorials

Official

In Memoriam

Correspondence -

To the Ladies

Craft Problems -

24
33
38
39
42
43

• • •

Index to Advertisers

Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, under Act of

Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.

CARPENTERS

BUILDERS and APPRENTICES

THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING

Learn at Home in Your Spare Time

The successful builder will tell you
that the way to the top-pay jobs and
success in Building is to get thorough
knowledge of blue prints, building con-
struction and estimating.

In this Chicago Tecli Course, you learn to
read blue prints — -the universal language of the
builder — and understand specifications — for all
types of buildings.

You learn building construction details :
foundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors,
arches, stairs, etc.

You learn how to lay out work and direct
building jobs from start to finish. You learn
to estimate building costs quicljly and accurate-
ly. Find out how you can pre-
pare at home for the higher-
paid jobs in Building, or your
own successful contracting busi-
ness. Get the facts about
this income-boosting Chicago
Tech training now.

MAIL COUPON NOW

INCREASE YOUR INCOME

FREE

Blue Prints
and Trial Lesson

Send today for Trial Lesson: "How to
Read Blue Prints," and set of Blue Print
Plans— sent to you Free. See for yourself
how this Chicago Tech Course prepares
you to earn more money, gives you the
thorough knowledge of Building required
for the higher-up jobs and higher pay.
Don't delay. Mail the coupon today in an
envelope or use a penny postcard.

CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE

TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.

Chicago Technical College

N-120 Tech Bldg., 2000 So. Michigan Ave.,

Chicago 16, 111.

Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints"
with information about how I can train at home.

Name Age

Address Occupation

City Zone State

SHARP'S Automatic framing Square

NOW ONLY

'bO

:^:

i^^-

iss^

v3-

S-

9K^

C? ENLARGED
SECTION
Rafter Table

Volume Production Brings New Low Price!

One Setting gives you the mart(ing
for botli Plumb Cut and Mitre Cut

Blade gives

marking for

Plumb Cut o-f

Common and

Hjp Rafter.

Bevel Bar

automatically

adjusts itself

for all

Mitre Cuts on

Hip, Valley

or Jack Rafters.

THOUSANDS WERE SOLD AT $12.95

NOW YOU CAN GET THE SAVINGS

Why struggle with rafter tables, slide rules
and bulky squares while figuring roofs when
you can do a faster and more accurate job with
Sharp's Automatic Framing Square for only
$8.95. All you need to know is the width of the
building and the" pitch of the roof. Just set
the tool to your pitch and it automatically
solves every problem and provides direct
marking pattern for all cuts. Gives exact
figures for length of rafters. Also gives cuts
in degrees for power saw work. Opens to _
90-degree angle. A sturdy, all-metal tool that
folds up into one compact unit ... 1 foot long,
2 inches wide. Fits in pocket easily ... no sharp
corners to catch on clothing.

GUARANTEE: If not completely satisfied, return
tool within 30 days and your money will be refunded.

t^%K YOUR HARDWARE DEALER
or write to LLOYD L. CROWLEY
1880 So. 12th Street, Salem, Oregon

MANUFACTURER and DISTRIBUTOR

>^^«9s^^^^ FRAMING SQUARE

Your Name
Engraved on the

WORLD'S FINEST
STEEL TAPE RULE

Compare these features
with any others.

7/16" tip

Clearly etched srraduations

both sides of blade

Lever brake— no creeping

blade

Replaceable blade

6 or 8 ft. lengths

r MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC., Dept. E-10 I

201 Main Street, White Plains, N. Y. |

II enclose $2.25 for the 6 ft. Streamline. l

2.50 for the 8 ft. Streamline. |

I Engrave my name (75c extra). Please print clearly. ■

REG. (J. S., PAT. OFF.

I ncvj. «.■»., rMi. vjrr. r i oi i

STATE.

This popular asbestos roof is fireproof,

rotproof, and . . .

You could actually lay American Colonial
Shingles blindfolded! No chalk lines or
measuring necessary.

it's an Asbestos Strip

Johns-Manville

^^j^

Only 80 pieces per square —
the same as an asphalt strip
Automatic alignment — self-
spacing

Only 4 nails per shingle in pre-
punched holes
Easy-to-use Shingle Cutters
speed application

Asbestos Shingles

Enjoy the Economy of Quality

p/ssroj/

The saw most carpenters use

DISSTON D-23 HANDSAW

Light weight, straight bacl( pattern

Helps you do better work, v,-ith
greater ease and less frequent
sharpening. That's because of its
perfecx balance, true taper grind,
accurate set and edge-holding teeth
of Disston Steel . . . the world's
most famous saw steel. Cross-cut:
20-inch, 10 and 11 points: 24-inch,
8, 9, 10 and 11 points: 26- inch,
7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 points. Rip:
5H points.

ASK YOUR

ma TOH IDT 1 HARDWARP

RETAILER

\rRrrE for free codv of the
NE'y, Revised Edition of
DISSTON SAW, TOOL md
PILE MANUAL

HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC.

1004 Tacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa., U.S.A..
la Caiaisia, write: 2-20 Fra^er Ayi., TsromtQ 1, QiL ^7

LEARN TO ESTIMATE

If you are ambitious to have your owa busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estlmatinf
will start you on your way.

By the use of this System of Estimating yon
avail yourself of the benefits and gxiidance of
the author^s 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business thein now.

Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just retxim it. Otherwise send us $8.75
and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instriictions. What we say about this
course is not important, but w^hat you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.

Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, ajxd trade experience.

TAMBLYN SYSTEM

Johnson Building C-22, Denver 2, Colorado

Drill pilot holes
with one hand and a

YANKEE

No. 41 Automatic Drill

A "Yankee" No. 41 drills pilot
holes in wood with a few easy
pushes. Spring automatically re-
turns handle after every stroke
and revolves drill point to clear
away chips. Magazine in handle
holds 8 drill points . . . i-ie to
i^iji ■ • • easy to select, re-
move and replace. Improved
chuck prevents drill points ptill-
ing out in use, yet releases
them with one, easy motion.
AH exposed parts chromium
plated ... a lifetime tool.

Write jor "Yankee" Tool Book

NORTH BROS. MFG. CO.

Philadelpkia 33, Pa.

[ STAN LEY j

YANKEE TOOLS
NOW PART OF

THE TOOL BOX
OF THE WORLD

THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT

The "Overtime-on Overtime" Case

Editor's note : When the United States Supreme Court early in June handed down its decigloD
in the "overtime-on-overtime" case, considerable interest was aroused among both employers and
unions. A number of Local Unions have written the General OflBce regarding the decision and
its possible effect on existing agreements. To clarify the situation, the Brotherhood legal depart-
ment has prepared the following analysis of the court decision. From this analysis it is clear
that the decision will affect very few Brotherhood agreements since the case itself revolved
largely around a forty -four hour week and certain complicated premium pay arrangements
which are exclusive to the longshoring industry.

* *

^HE SUPREME COURT of the United States on June 7, 1948,
: decided two cases brought under the Fair Labor Standards Act
(Wage-Hour Law) by certain employees of the Bay Ridge Oper-
ating Company and Huron-Stevedoring Corporation to recover overtime
payments allegedly due them under Section 7 (a) of the Act. The two
cases have become popularly known as the "Bay Ridge Case" or the
"Overtime-on-Overtime" Case.

Both cases involved the interpretation of the overtime pay provisions
contained in the collective bargaining contract between the companies
and the International Long-shore-

mens' Association.

The significant clauses in the

agreement provided :

fa) Hourly rates for work per-
formed from 8:00 a.m. to noon,
and I :oo p.m. to 5 :oo p.m. Mon-
day through Friday; 8:00 a.m. to
noon Saturday.

(b) Overtime rates for all other
hours in the w^orkweek.

(d) A basic working day of eight
hours ; a basic working week of
forty-four hours.

The so-calleJ overtime rates were
one and one-half times the contract
rate for specified work tasks, and
not quite that amount for other
work tasks. There was no provision
for overtime premium for work in
excess of forty hours a week as re-
quired by Section 7(a) of the Wage-
Hour Law.

That section provides : "No em-
ployer shall, except as otherwise
provided in this section, employ any
of his .employees who is engaged in
commerce or in the production of
goods for commerce . . . (3) For a
workweek longer than forty hours
. . . unless such employee receives
compensation for his employment in
excess of the hours above specified
at a rate of not less than one and
one-half times the regular rate at
which he is employed."

The significant words in the fore-
going are "regfular rate at which he
is employed." The term "regular
rate" is not defined in the Law. The
problem confronting one Court was ;
(i) to determine whether rates spe-
cified in the agreement are the "reg-
ular rates," (2) whether premium
payments are true overtime pay or
merely part of the "regular rate."

Although the Union had negotiat-
ed the contract as the collective bar-

THE CARPENTER

gaining agent for the employees of
the two companies, certain employ-
ees sued to recover their overtime
on the theory that contract overtime
rates were not true overtime rates,
but merely premium payments for
undesirable hours of work; that as
such, the premium payments must be
included in the "regular rate" on
which overtime is based, and should
not be used to oftset true overtime
due under the Wage-Hour Law.

The companies maintained that
the overtime pay specified in the
agreement should be applied against
overtime due under the law and not
treated as premium payments to be
included in the "regular rate."

The Supreme Court adopted the
employees' theory, and sent the case
back to the District Court for deter-
mination of the additional amounts
due the employees.

In deciding the cases, the Court
held that:

(i) Agreements reached or ad-
ministered through collective bar-
gaining procedure could not be
considered any more persuasive
than an individual employment
contract in defining the so-called
"regular rate of pay" on which
statutory overtime is based.
(2) The so-called "overtime
rates" for all work performed
outside of the straight time hours
set forth in the agreement should
not be applied to overtime pay re-
quired by the Wage-Hour LaAV,
but on the contrary, must be in-
cluded in the "regular rate of
pay," on which lawful overtime
is based.

(.3) Overtime payments represent
"any additional sum received by
an employee because of previous-
ly having worked a specified
number of hours in a workday or
workweek." Such overtime pay-

ments are not required to be in-
cluded in the "regular rate of
pay," and may be applied against
overtime due under the Wage-
Hour Law.

(4) The rule for determining the
"regular .rate of pay" C where
there are no overtime premiumsj
is "to divide the wages actually
paid by the hours actually work-
ed in any workweek, and adjudge
additional payment to each indi-
vidual on that basis for time in
excess of forty hours worked for
a single employer." — "Wages di-
vided by hours equals rate."
(5J A higher rate paid on a job
or shift differential or for Sun-
day or holiday work is not a true
overtime premium.

The Wage-Hour administrator is-
sued an interpretive bulletin on Au-
gust 6, 1948, advising that enforce-
ment of the overtime requirement
of the '\\'age-Hour Law in accord-
ance with the decision of the Su-',
preme Court in these cases will be-^
gin September 15, 1948.

Although the decision of the Su-
preme Court was based on an inter-
pretation of the collective bargain-
ing agreement covering the work of
longshoremen, certain general prin-
ciples announced by the Court may
be applicable to collective bargain-
ing agreements covering members.
of the Brotherhood.

Therefore, in the light of the Su-
preme Court decision and the Ad-
ministrator's interpretation, the fol-
lowing general principle will apply
to all overtime pay provisions of
collective bargaining contracts.

A. An employee's "regular rate
of pay" includes premium pay-
ments for work on Saturdays,
Sundays and holidays, or at night
as such; and which are made

THE CARPENTER

without regard to the number of
hours or days previously worked
by the employee in the day or
workweek. Such premium pay-
ments may not be applied against
the overtime due under the
Wage-Hour Law for work in ex-
cess of forty hours in the work-
week.

B. If, however, the premium pay-
ments referred to above are based
upon employees having previous-
ly worked a specified number o£
hours or days according to a bona
fide standard, such premium pay-
ments will be considered as over-
time payments required under the
Law, and need not be included in
the tegular rate.

For example : Overtime paid for
the sixth and seventh days work-
ed in the work week will be con-
sidered true overtime premiums
when paid because of such work.

C. Payments for additional holi-
days or occasional absence due to
vacations or illnesses are not cov-
ered by the decision. Such pay-
ments may be excluded from
the computation of an employee's
regular rate and cannot be credit-
ed toward the overtime compen-
sation due him under Section 7-
(a) of the Law.

For the purpose of determining
whether payments to an employee
are brought about as a result of A
or B above, the administrator an-
nounces that the terms of the con-
tract containing overtime pay pro-
visions and the actual practice of
the parties to the contract will be
considered.

The American Federation of La-
bor in a bulletin dated July 23, 1948,
on this subject contains in part the
following:

"Only in a relatively few cases
will the Supreme Court decision
effect existing overtime practices.
Most collective bargaining con-
tracts with clauses concerning
premium pay for Saturday, Sun-
day, or holiday work will not
have to be modified if the parties
wish to continue existing prac-
tices. . . Our unions act cautious-
ly in whatever steps they may
contemplate taking as a result of
this Supreme Court decision. It
would seem particularly wise to
avoid taking the matter before
the Courts, and to work out in-
stead where necessary whatever
collective bargaining arrange-
ments seem desirable."

A Grand Old Warrior
Hangs Up The Gloves

The Chicago District Council

Honors Brother Frank Duffy

• • •

N WEDNESDAY EVENING August 25, 1948, the Chicago Carp-
enters District Council gave a banquet in the Drake Hotel, Chicago,
in honor of Brother Frank Duffy, who has served forty-seven years

as General Secretary of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America.

Special guests were the Executive Council of the American Federa-
tion of Labor and the Officers and members of the General Executive
Board of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
then in session in the Drake Hotel.

The officers and delegates of the Chicago District Council were also
present. Every Local Union in the City was represented. It was a grand
affair and one to be long remembered.

President Sexton of the District Council called General President
Hutcheson to the chair to act as toastmaster. He spoke lovingly and
kindly of his old side partner, co-officer and worker, Frank Duffy, and
then announced the resignation of Brother Duffy as General Secretary of
the Organization on July 31, 1948. He also announced that on his recom-
mendatior- ' the General Executive Board unanimously appointed Brother
Duffy as General Secretary Emeritus.

He then called upon President William Green of the American Fed-
eration of Labor, who in a brilliant speech eulogized Brother Duffy for
his years of service and activities in the Labor Movement.

Brother Duffy was then called upon. He reminded all present that
the Brotherhood of Carpenters was organized in Chicago. Illinois, in 1881 ;
that it grew and developed until it is now one of the largest labor unions
in the world ; that its organizer and founder, Peter J. McGuire. drafted
the call for the first convention of the Federation to be held in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, on November 15, 1881 ; that Gabriel Edmonston, the first
General President of the Brotherhood proposed at the 1884 convention of
the Federation held, in Chicago, Illinois, that. "Eight hours shall consti-
tute a legal day's work on and after May i, 1886"; that the carpenters of
Chicago put the 8 hour work day into effect on that date and have had it
ever since; and that it was the only city on the North American Con-
tinent that could do so at that time.

He reminded them of many other incidents in the Labor Movement
in its early days and concluded by saying that if the editor or assistant
editor of the Chicasro Federationist would call on him within the next

THE C A R r E X T E K

few days he would sri^'e him a statement about Chica.sfo and the T.abor
Movement worth publi.-hino^.

President Chas. Hanson of Xew York Carpenters District Council
beingf present was selected to present to Brother Duffy a token of friend-
ship, g-ood will and kindness from the Chicago Carpenters. He did so in a
fitting; manner.

Brother Dutty got his greatest suprise when General President Hutch-
eson on behalf of the General Oiiicers and members of the General Ex-
ecutive Board presented him with a life membership card in the United

Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America finished in ^old. It
reads as follows :

l^x^stixitb itt

'^vnnk i^xiiin

This H^iit i^tXXxhtXBhlp in the

United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners
of America

is given to Frank Duffy in recognition of his
long service as General Secretary.

By General Officers
August 21, 1948

In the almost half century he has served the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and the American Federation of Labor, retiring" General Sec-
retary Duft'y has earned the admiration and respect of all. There was
scarcely a dry eye in the banquet hall when he finished his poignant
address. On behalf of the officers and members of the United Brother-
hood and all workers for whom he has labored so faithfully so lon^. The
Carpenter takes this opportunity of wishing Brother Duffy good health
and Godspeed.

NOW OR NEVER

WITHIN A FEW WEEKS of the time these lines are read every
adult American will have the opportunity to express himself at
the ballot box and thereby determine what kind of a country he
wants to live in. Than the opportunity of voting, there is no greater
privilege available to any citizen. In the last 2,000 years millions of men
have died to establish the right for all to vote. Even today thousands
upon thousands of little people in Asia and Africa are still fighting and
dying in an effort to establish this right for themselves and their children.
Yet in the last election in 1946 millions of Americans failed to take the
trouble to go to the polls. It seems hard to believe but it is a cold, hard,
fact.

Of the millions who failed to
vote last time, the large percentage
was working people. And it has
been the working people who have
been paying a high penalty ever
since. Inflation, high prices, the
Taft-Hartley Act and all the other
evils that plague us today came
about because too many working
people failed to vote. The business
interests did not stay awa}'' from
the polls. They were there in full
strength. And they sent to Con-
gress and the state legislatures men
who were willing to do their bid-
ding. Consequently the legislation
enacted by the 8oth Congress and
many legislatures was not passed
to help the working man. It was
passed to give big business an op-
portunity to exploit the working
l^eople and the general public to
the hilt. Every day you and I are
paying the penalty at the grocery
store, meat market or department
store.

On November 2, there is going to
be a new shuft'le of the cards. We,
the working people, are going to
have another opportunity to correct

our mistake of 1946. We can either
go to the polls equipped to vote in-
telligently for men who represent
the ideals and aims of the common
people, or we can let the election go
by default as we did in 1946. If
we do the former, we can look for-
ward to a better era with more sec-
urity and greater real prosperity for
all. If we do the latter, all we can
look forward to is a continuation of
inflation, higher and higher prices
and more and more anti-labor legis-
lation aimed at tying the hands of
unions so that wages as well as
prices can be controlled from cor-
poration offices. It is as simple as
that.

In the kind of world we must
build, our young people — all of
them — must be able to look to the
future with hope and confidence.
Our middle aged people must be
able to know the self-respect that
comes from being a productive
member of society, from knowing
that we are pulling our own weight
in the boat. And when old age
overtakes us we should be indepen-
dent as a matter of right, comfort-

THE CARPENTER

able and secure in the knowledg"e
not only that privation and want
will never haunt us. but also happy
in the knowledge that our children
and our children's children face un-
limited opportunity and undimmed
hope. That is an aim and an ambi-
tion worth Avorking- and fig-hting
for.

However, such a world can only
be built through an educated and
wide awake citizenry: — a citizenry
in which every man and every wo-
man is aware of the responsibility
which rests on his or her shoulders.
Are we equal to the challenge? Cer-
tainly in 1946 we were not. We al-
loAved the forces of big business to
dominate the polls. Because we
did, profiteering and price gouging
have cost the Avorkers of America
an estimated fifty billion dollars.
That is the amount that price in-
creases have taken out of our poc-
kets since 1946. That is something
like $360 for you and for each mem-
ber of your family. If there are four
in your family, price increases took
something like $1,414 out of your
weekly pay checks since 1946. ]\Iany
workers who are crying over the
$1,414 they have lost in the last two
years through price increases are
the very people Avho didn't bother
going to the polls last time. If we
allow the same thing to happen on
November 2nd. the fault will all be
ours again.

In this issue of the Carpenter the
voting record of every Congressman
and every Senator on many bills
which were of vital interest to labor
is published. In this record a-ou as

an individual can find out how your
Congressman and your Senators
voted on bills which profoundly
affected you and your fellow work-
ers. Study the records of the men
you can vote for or against. That
is the surest way of knowing
whether they Avere for you and your
felloAv Avorkers or against you. Then
study the records of the men Avho
are running against them. It may
take a little time and it make take a
little eftort but that is the only efifec-
ti\'e way of getting the kind of
facts you need to A-ote intelligently.
Remember it cost the aA-erage fam-
ily S1.414 during the past tAvo years
because too many AA'orkers failed to
put forth this effort in 1946.

HoAveA'er, the legislatures of
many states are as full of anti-
labor representatives as Congress
is. Bad states laAvs can be as detri-
mental to AA-orking people as bad
federal laAvs. It is vital that men
AA-ho appreciate and are in sym-
path}- AA'ith labor's A'icAA-point be sent
to state legislatures as Avell as to
Congress.

The chips are uoaa- doAAm. In the
final analysis this is a matter in
Avhich each indiA^idual member aa-III
haA-e to do his part. Neither the
union nor any political party can
do the job for him. He has to reg-
ister himself. He has to study the
records of the men running for
office in order to be able to make an
intelligent decision. And ('most im-
portant of all) he must go to the
pollinsf place on November 2nd and
actually cast his ballot.

HoAv are you. Brother ]\Iember,
going to stack up on this score?

To make it easy for you to make up your mind, hereAvith is published
the voting record of all members of the Both Congress on bills Avhich had
a vital bearing on your AA-elfare. These bills are listed beloAv, together
Avith a description of AA'hat they proposed. A vote marked "F" stands for
favorable; "U" stands for unfavorable; "N" stands for not recorded.

THE CARPENTER I5

Veto of Smith-Connally Act — To require cooling off period before strikes,
etc. Favorable: No.

Lucas Amendment to Unemployment Bill to Return USES to States

General effect of returning control of United States Employment
I Service to States would be to lower standards and reduce service to
labor. Favorable : No.

Dirksen Amendment Returning USES to States — same considerations as
above (Lucas Amendment) apply. Favorable: No.

USES Bill as Amended — Provided for return of USES to States. Favor-
able: No.

Federal Mediation Act (Case Bill) — Organized boycotts prohibited, strik-
ers deprived of re-employment rights under certain conditions, labor
injunctions permitted under certain conditions, unions required to
handle material made by employer whose employees have been certi-
fied by NLRB, unions to be suable for contract violations, etc. Favor-
able: No.

President's Labor Bill — To deal with rail strike to give President tempo-
rary wide powers to seize an industry in a national emergency and
force strikers to go back to work. Favorable : No.

Ball Amendment to Case Bill — To bring secondary boycotts under anti-
trust laws. Favorable: No.

Pepper Amendment to President's Labor Bill — To strike out all of section
containing penalties against workers who failed to work for the gov-
ernment. Favorable: Yes.

Revercomb Amendment to President's Labor Bill — To prohibit injunctions
against individuals who quit or failed to work. Favorable: Yes.

Smith Amendment to USES Bill — To take from Secretary of Labor
authority to operate employment offices if no statewide system exists.
This would further lower the standards of the Employment Service.
Favorable: No.

Hoey Amendment on Railroad Retirement — To retain present coverage
rather than extend coverage of the Act. Favorable: No.

Amendment to Railroad Retirement and Unemployment Insurance Act —
Retained present coverage, but did liberalize benefits. Favorable : Yes.

Gwynne Bill — Portal to Portal pay bill to limit liability of employers
under wage hour law. Favorable: No.

Taft Amendment to Taft-Hartley Bill — To permit suits for damage
against unions engaging in jurisdictional strikes and secondary boy-
cotts. Favorable : No.

Taft-Hartley Act — Explanation unnecessary. Favorable : No.

THE CARPENTER

a S ■ s *

S i= r- H v; -^ 1^ "< I t = 4

5 REPRESENTATIVES ^u zs £< £'s oa ia fcS K< ca =a t-a o>

ALABAMA

3 Andrews, George W. f D i__ X U U U U U T U U U U U
9 Battle. Laurie C. I'D. X X X' X X X X X U r U U

1 Boykin, Frank V7. <B) U U U U T U U X 17 U U U

2 Grant, George M. iD; U U U U U U U X U U X U

4 Hobbs, Sam rD) U U U U U U T F U U U U

6 Jarman, Pete (B) U U U U U X U U U U U F

8 Jones, Robert E. Jr,(Di X X X' X X X X X F F F F

7 Manasco. Carter iD; F F F F F F F F F F F F

5 Rains, Albert iD) X X F F F' F F X F F F F

Sparkman, John J. (D; X' F F F F F F F X X X X

ARIZONA

AL Harless, Richard F. (B) FF'FFFFFFFFFF

AL Murdock, John R. iDj FFFFFFFFFFFF

ARIvAXSAS

4 Cravens. Fadjo iD) F F F' F L* F F F F F F F

1 Gathings, E. C. iDj F F F F F X F F X F F F

7 Harris. Oran iDj F X F F F X X X F F F F

5 Hays, Brooks iD; F F F F F F F F X F F F'

2 Mills, Wilbur D. >D,t F F F' F F F F F F F F F

6 Xorrell. W. F. 'Di F F F' F F F F X X F F F

3 Trimble, James W. i D i X F F F F F F F F F F F'

C-ILDFORXIA

7 Allen. John J. Jr. iRi X X X X X X X X F F F F

8 Andreson, Jack Z. (Rj X F F F F X F X F F F F

18 Bradley. Willis. W. (Rj X X X X X X X X F F F F

11 Bramblett, Ernest K. iR,)_ X X X X X X X X .F F F F

14 Douglas. Helen Gahagan iD.i X F F F F X F F F F F F
10 Elliott. Alfred J. iDi F F F F F X F F F F X F

2 Engle, Clair 'Di X F F F F X F F X F F F

2 3 Fletcher. Chas. K. fRi X X X X X X X X F F F F

9 Gearhart, Bertrand TV. iRj F X F F F X X F F F F F

4 Havenner. Franck R. ( D) _ X F F F F X F F F F F F

20 Hinshaw. Carl (R) F' X F F F X F F F F F F

19 Hollifield. Chet (B< F F F F F F' F X F F F F

16 Jackson. Donald L. iD; X X X X X X X X F F F F"

3 Johnson, J. Leroy (B.) F F F' F F F F F F F F F

17 King. Cecil R. (D) X F F X F X F F F F F F

1 Lea. Clarence F. (B) F F" F F F X F F F F F F

15 McDonough. Gordon L. * Rj X F F F F F F F F F F F
6 Miller, George P. (B) XFFFFNFNFFFF

12 Xixon. Richard M. fR) X X X X X X^ N X F F F F

22 Phillips, John CRi F F F F F F F F F F F F

13 Poulson. Xorris fRj X X X X X X X X X F F F

21 Sheppard, Harry R. <B) X F F F F X X F X F F F

5 Welch, Richard J. fR) FFFFXXFXFFFF

COLORADO

1 Carroll, John A. (B) X X X X X X X X F F F F

3 Chenoweth, J. Edgar iR)-_ F F F F F F F F JI F F F

2 Hill, Wm. S. (B.) F L' X F F F F F F X F F

4 Rockwell, Robt. F. (Rj F F F F F" F F F F F F F

THE CARPENTER

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REPRESENTATIVES

3 Foote, Ellsworth B. (R).

4 Lodge, John Davis (R)_-

1 Miller, Wm. J. (R)

5 Patterson, James T. (R).
AL Sadlak, Antoni N. (R)_.

2 Seely-Brown, Horace (R).

DELAWARE

AL Boggs, J. Caleb (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

FLORIDA

5 Hendricks, Joe (D) UUUUUUUFNUNU

1 Peterson, J. Hardin (D) U U U U U U N F U U N U

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4 Smathers, Geo. A. (D) NNNNNNNNNFUU

GEORGIA

10 Brown, Paul (D) UUUUUUUFUUUU

4 Camp, A. Sidney (D) UUUUUUUNUUUU

2 Cox, E. E. (D) UUUUUUUNUUUU

5 Davis, James C. (D) NNNNNNNNUUUU

7 Lanham, Henderson (R) NNNNNNNNUFFF

3 Pace, Stephen (D) UUUUUUUNUUUU

1 Preston, Prince H. (D) NNNNNNNNUUUU

6 Vinson, Carl (D) UNUUUUUNUUUU

8 Wheeler, W. M. (Don) (D) N N N N' N N N N U U U U

9 Wood, John S. (D) NUUUUNUNUNUU

IDAHO

1 Goff, Abe McGregor (R)-__ N N N N N N N N U U U U

2 Sanborn, John (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

ILLINOIS

18 Allen, Leo E. (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

17 Arends, Leslie C. (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

25 Bishop, C. W. (R) FFUUFFFUUFFF

3 Busbey, Fred E. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

15 Chiperfleld, Robt. B. (R)__ UUUUUUUFUUUU

10 Church, Ralph E. (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

24 Clippinger, Roy (R) NNUUUNUUUUUU

1 Dawson, William L. (D) FFFFFNFFFFFF

16 Dirksen, Everett M. (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

8 Gordon, Thomas S. (D) FFFFFUFFFFFF

4 Gorski, Martin (D) FFFFFUFFFFFF

21 Howell, Evan (R) UFUUFUUUUUUU

18 Jenison, Edw. H. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

14 Johnson, Anton J. (R) UUNNNUUUUUUU

19 McMillen, Rolla C. (R) NUUUUUUFUUUU

12 Mason, Noah M. (R) UNUUUUUNUUUU

6 O'Brien, Thorns J. (D) FFFFFUFFFFFF

22 Price, Melvin (D) NFFFFUFFFFFF

THE CARPENTER

C REPRESENTATIVES

11 Re-d, Chauncey W. I'RV

5 Saha-h, Adolph J. iD)__

20 ?;:v.:-'-:;, Sid iRi

AL S:: ^-::':'::. Wm. G. < R i_-

9 7 -:■■;-:-.£.::. Re or. J. > R i_.

2 Vail. Ricliard B. iR I

23 Yursell, Charles W. (Rj.

4 Gillie. Geo. VT, (Ri

3 Grant, Robt. A. (Rj

2 Halleck, Charles A. (Ri__.

5 HarEess. Forest A. iRi

6 Johr~on, Xoble J. iRi

7 Landis. Gerald K. iRi

1- Madden. Rav J. iDj

8 Mitcbell. E. A. iRi

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5 Cnnning-Iiam, Paul TR i F U U F U U U X F U U U

6 DolllTer, James I. < R < X X U F U F F F F L' F U

3 Gvry-ne. .John W. iRi L' L' F F F L' F F F F F U

8 Ho-ven. Charles E. 'Ri L' L' F F L' L' L' L' F F F U

7 J-ri:.^--. Ben F, ^Ri F L' F' F* F F" F" F F F F F

4 LeCon.pte. Kari M. iRi___ F F F F" F' X F' X F' F F F

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2 Talle, Henry 0. i.Rj F F F F F F F F F F F F

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5 Hop^, Clifford R. iRi F' F' F* X' F F' F' X F' F F L"

.3 Aleyer, Herbert A. ^Ri X X X X' X X X X F F* F F

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THE CARPENTER

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Q REPRESENTATIVES wU KcQ Q< DM Uoo 0-ca U.S Oi^ 0« Kba HcQ 0>

7 Larcade, Henry D. Jr. (D) _ U F N N F U U F U U U U
6 Morrison, James H. (D)___ U U F N F N N N N N N F

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IVLIINE

3 Fellows, Frank (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

1 Hale, Robert (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

2 Smith, Margaret Chase (R) FUFFFUFFUUUU

MARYLAND

6 Beall, J. Glenn (R) NUUNFUFFUUUU

4 Fallon, George H. (D) NUUUUUUFUUUU

2 Meade, Hugh A. (D) NNNNNNNNUUUU

1 Miller, Edward T. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

5 Sasscer, Landsdale C. (D)__FUUUUUUFUUUU

6 Bates, George J. (R)

2 Clason, Charles R. (R)

4 Donohue, Harold D. (D)

8 Goodwin, Angler L. (R)

Herter, Christian A. (R)

Heselton, John W. (R)

Kennedy, John F. (D)

Lane, Thomas J. (D)

McCormack, John W. (D)
Martin, Joseph W. Jr. (R)_

Philbin, Phillip J. (D)

Rogers, Edith Nourse (R)_
Wigglesworth, Richard (R)

12 Bennett, John B. (R)_,

6 Blackney, Wm. W. (R)

13 Coffin, Howard A. (R)

8 Crawford, Fred L. (R)

15 Dingell, John D. (D)

17 Dondero, George A. (R)

9 Engel, Albert J. (R)

4 Hoffman, Clare E. (R)

5 Jonkman, Bartel J. (R)

16 Lesinski, John (D)

2 Michener, Earl C. (R)

1 Sadowski, George G. (D)__

3 Shafer, Paul W. (R)

7 Wolcott, Jesse P. (R)

10 Woodruff, Roy 0. (R)

14 Youngblood, Harold F. (R)

7 Andersen, H. Carl (R)

1 Andresen, August H. (R)__

8 Blatnik, John A. (D)

4 Devitt, Edw. J. (R)

ISS

ACHUSK'ITS

MICHIGAN

MINNESOTA

THE CARPENTER

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5 Judd. Walter H. 'Ri U U T U U U T U U U U U

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1 R&n>in. John E. >Di F F F F' F F' F X F' F F F

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7 Vv'::::arr. = . John Bell 'D.i X X X X X X X X F' F' F U

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11 Bakewelh Claude L. iRj X X X X X X X X F' F U TJ-

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1 Curtis, Carl T. >R) F F F' F F F F F' F' F F U

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3 Stefan, Karl iRj F F F' F F F F F F' F F' U

XEVADA

AL Russell, Chas. H. (R) X X X X X X X X F F U U

NEW HA3IPSHIRE

2 Cotton. Xorris, I'R) x X X X X X' X X F F U U

1 Merrow, Chester E. i P. i F X F F' F F F F F F F U

XEW JERSEY

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8 Canfield. Gordon iRi F F X X F F F F F' F F U

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THE CAKl* ENTER

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13 Norton, Mary T. (D) FNFNNNFNFFFF

11 Sundstrom, Frank L. (R)-- UUNNUNUUUUUU

7 Thomas, J. Parnell (R) UUUUUNUUUUUU

9 Towe, Harry L. (R) UUUNUNUUUUUU

1 Wolverton, Chas. A. (R)__FNUUFUFUUUUU

NEW MEXICO

AL Fernandez, A. M. (D) UUUUUNUFUUUU

AL Lusk, Georgia L. (D) NNNNNNNNNUUN

NEW YORK

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20 Bloom, Sol (D) F F N N N U F F F F F F

16 Ellsworth B. (R) NUUUUUUUUUUU

25 Buckley, Chas. A. (D) NFFFFNFNFFFF

44 Butler, John C. (R) FFUUFUFFUFFF

32 Byrne, Wm. T. (D) NFFFFNFNFFFF

15 Celler, Emmanuel (D) FFFFFFFFFFFF

39 Cole, W. Sterling(R) UUUUUUUFUUUU

17 Coudert, Fred R. Jr. (R)__ N N N N N N N N U U U U

7 Delaney, John J. (D) NFFFFNFFFFFF

43 Elsaesser, Edw. J. (R)_ NNUUFUUFUFUU

35 Fuller, Hadwen C. (R) NUUUUUUUNNNN

28 Gamble, Ralph A. (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

27 Gwlnn, Ralph W. (R) N U U U U U U N U U U U

37 Hall, Edwin Arthur (R) UUUUFUFFUUUU

2 Hall, Leonard W. (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

11 Heffernan, James J. (D) N F F F F N F N N F F F

21 Javits, Jacob K. (R) NNNNNNNNFFFF

31 Kearney, Bernard W. (R)_ NNUUFNUFUUUU

40 Keating, Kenneth B. (R)__ N N N N N N N N U U U U
9 Keogh, Eugene J. (D) FFFFFUFFFFFF

3 4 Kilburn, Clarence E. (R)__UUUUUUUNUUUU

19 Klein, Arthur G. (G) NNNNNNFNFFFF

3 Latham, Henry J. (R) NUUUFUUFUUUU

30 Lefevre, Jay (R) UUUUUUUFUUUU

23 Lynch, Walter A. (D) NFFFFUFNFFFF

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4 McMahon, Gregory (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

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8 Pfeifer, Joseph L. (D) NNFFFNFFFFFF

26 Potts, David (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

22 Powell, Adams C. (D) NFFFFFFNFFFN

45 Reed, Daniel A. (R) UUNNUUUUUUUU

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THE CARPENTER

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REPRESENTATIVES

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Bonner, Herbert C. (D) U U U U U

Bulwinkle, Alfred L. (D)__ U U U U U

Clark, J. Bayard (D) U U U U U

Cooley, Harold D. (D) U U N N U

Deane, C. B. (Dj N N N N N

Doughton, Robert L. (D)__ U U U U U

Durham, Carl T. (D) U X U U U

Folger, John H. (D) F U F F U

Jones, Hamilton C. (D) N X X X N

Kerr, John H. (D) U U U U U

Redden, Monroe M. (D)__ X X X X X

NORTH DAKOTA

Lemke, William (R) F X U U F

Robertson, Chas. (R) X U U U U

OHIO

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Bolton, Frances P. (R) F U U U U

Brehm, Walter E. (R) U X U U U

Brown, Clarence J. (R) U X U U U

Burke, Raymond H. (R) X X X X X

Carson, Henderson H. (R)_ X X X X X

Clevenger, Cliff (R) U U U U U

Grosser, Robert (D) F F X X F

Elston, Chas. H. (R) U U U U U

Feighan, Michael A. (D) F F F F F

Griffiths, P. W. (R) U U U U U

Hess, Wm. E. (R) U U U U U

Huber, Walter B. (D) X F U U F

Jenkins, Thomas A. (R) II F U U U

Jones, Robert F. (R) U U U U U

Kirwan, Michael J. fD) X F U U F

Lewis, Earl R. (R) F X U U F

McCowen, Edward O. (R)_ U U U U U

McGregor, J. Harry (R) U U U U U

Ramey, Homer A. (R) F F U U U

Smith, Frederick C. (R)__ U U U U U

Vorys, John M. (R) U X U U U

Weichel, Alvin F. (R) U U U U U

OKLAHOMA

Albert, Carl (D) X X X X X

Johnson, Glen D. (D) U U F U U

Monroney, A. S. (D) U U F F U

Morris, Tobey (Dj X X X X X

Peden, Preston, E. (D) X X X X X

Rizley, Ross (R) U U X X U

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THE CARPENTER

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OREGON

3 Angell, Homer D. (R) FUUUFUFFUFFF

4 Ellsworth, Harris (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

1 Norblad, Walter (R) NNUUUUUFUUUU

2 Stockman, Lowell (R) UUUUUUUUNUUU

PENNSYLiVANIA

!3 Buchanan, Frank (D) N N N N N N N F F F F F

7 Chadwick, E. Wallace (R) _ N N N N N N N N U U U U

SO Corbett, Robt. J. (R) NUUUFUUFUUUU

S3 Crow, Wm. J. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

9 Dagne, Paul B. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

Eberharter, Herman (D) NUFFFUFNFFFF

Fenton, Ivor D. (R)__ FUUUFUNFUFUU

Fulton, James G. (R) NFUUNUFFUUUU

Gallagher, James (R) NNNNNNNNUUNU

Gavin, Leon H. (R) U U U U U U U N U U U U

Gillette, Wilson D. (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

Graham, Louis E. (R)' UUUUUUUUUUUU

Gross, Chester H. (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

Jenkins, Mitchell (R) NNNNNNNNUFUU

KeaiTis, Carroll D. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

Kelley, Augustine B. (D)__ FFFFFNFFFFFN

Kunkel, John C. (R) FUUUFUUFUUUU

Maloney, Franklin J. (R) -NNNNNNNNUUUU

McConnell, S. K. Jr. (R)___ NUUUUUUUUUUU

McDowell, John (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

McGarvey, Robt. N. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

Morgan, Thomas B. (D) NFFF. FNFFFFFF

Muhlenberg, Frederick (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

Rich, Robt. F. (R) NUNNUUUUUUUU

Sarbacher, Geo. W. Jr. (R)_ NNNNNNNNUUUU

Sccblick, James P. (R) NNNNNNNNUFUU

Scott, Hardie (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

Scott, Hugh D. Jr. (R) NNNNNNNNNUUU

Simpson, Richard M. (R)__ UUUUUUUUUUUU

Tibbott, Harve (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

Van Zandt, James E. (R)__ NNNNNNNNUUUU

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1 Forand, Aime J. (D) NFFFFUFFFFFF

SOUTH CAROLINA

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3 Dorn, W. J. Bryan (D) NNNNNUNNUUUU

6 McMillan, John L. (D) UUFUUUUFUUUU

5 Richards, James P. (D) UUUUUUNFUUUU

2 Riley, John J. (D) NUUUUUUFUUUU

1 Rivers, L. Mendel (D) NUNNUUUFUUUU

SOUTH DAKOTA

Case, Francis (R) UUUUUUUNUUUU

Mundt, Karl E. (R) NNUUUUUFUUUU

(Continued on page 28)

Editorial

;!lii!iiiiiii!!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'i

Example Of How The Rich Get Richer

The smart boys in big business who do the buying and selling, the
locating and consolidating of plants, have been enjoying the most prosper-
ous period in corporation hi-^t'jry in buying well-conditioned, wartime-
built plants from the W^ar Assets Adminstration.

Little criticism has been offered by the newspapers since the War
Assets Administration in 1946 and 1947 ranked up among the top news-
paper and magazine advertisers in the country, giving soap and cigaret
manufacturers a good run for first place. As Al Smith said, "Nobody ever
heard of anyone shooting Santa Claus,'' Avhich ma}^ explain why the news-
papers have closed their weather-eye to War Assets Administration trans-
actions.

A recent news item announced the sale of a $2,500,000 steel forging
plant at Cicero, 111., by the A\'ar Assets Adminstration to the Kropp
Forge Company for $775,000. The Kropp Company operated the plant
during the war making forgings. There has been a shortage of forgings
in all industries for the past two years and. as we understand it, a scramble
for forging products. Yet this plant has remained in idleness. Guess
what the Kropp Company is going to manufacture now — forgings. The
chief customer will be the U. S. Government. It seems as though the Kropp
Company waited until the Government was back in the market for war
materials before it would offer to pay ;^2i ^'^3 cents on the dollar for the
plant built by the Government and which the company had operated.

This is just another one of those deals the Government has engaged
in from time to time through the War Assets Administration, as a gov-
ernment agency, in the sale and leasing of plants in which favoritism has
played an important roll, which makes one wonder how the taxpayers
bear the cost of the load without violent protest. — U. M. Journal.

We Can Lick The Lobbies

Last month two widely known columnists focused their attention on
the horde of lobbyists and public relations "experts"' who infest Wash-
ington like a swarm of locusts. A\'hat these two gentlemen disclosed is
not pleasant, nor does it hold forth very much hope for the future of
democracy '^t the American wav of life.

The twr, columnists in question. Bob Ruark and Lowell Mellett, pulled
no punches in expressing their disapproval of the hacks who like the
Hessians of old earn their living by fighting for whoever offers the big-
gest pay. Ruark is a Scripps-Howard columnist. In a blistering column
he wrote :

"The public relations man is a fellow of manv faces.

THE CARPENTER 25

"I know a press agent who used to furnish bobby-soxers at so much
a head and so much a shriek — -extra if they tore your clothes — to visiting
celebrities.

"I once saw a uniformed press agent falsify the evidence in an in-
vestigation of a three-star general and then graduate to fronting for
'Lucky' Luciano (readers will recognize 'Lucky' as one of America's
most notorious gangsters).

"And it might give you a little pause to reflect that the rise of the
Nazi party, as well as the present dangerous eminence of Russia, was
part and package of an excellent publicity pitch."

Mellett is a free lance columnist of national repute. Last month he
also blistered the mercenaries of the typewriter and microphone who
sell their talents to the highest bidder. "Lobbying." said Mellett, "in a
big league is not a part time occupation. The organization operates on an
annual basis, and so do the members of its staff. Neither the organization
nor the staff can be taken apart and put together again just to meet
emergencies. The business is too intricate for that."

"The lobbyists whose hard work paid off so handsomely in the Eight-
ieth Congress, will be engaged in the effort to insure an Eighty-first
Congress equally receptive to their pressure." Mellett went on to point
out a few of the best organized and financed lobbies in the nation's capital.
Among them he mentioned the National Association of Manufacturers, the
Real Estate Lobby, Dairy Interests' Lobby, the Home Builders' Lobby
and the Doctors' Lobby. These lobbies pour out hundreds of thousands of
dollars annually wining and dining important people and seeking to
convert them to the kind of thinking which most benefits their clients.

As Mellett points out, these lobbies were tremendously successful with
the 8oth Congress. Big Business interests got practically everything they
asked for; labor-shackling legislation, no decent housing bill, tax relief for
the wealthy, and a host of other measures designed to benefit those on the
inside. In view of this success, the lobbies will be working even harder on
the new Congress.

To people who believe in democracy, the amount of pressure lobby-
ists have come to wield in Washington is frightening. The lobbies all
have tremendous amounts of cash at their disposal and they spend it
with a lavish hand in spots where it will do the most good. Against
this sort of thing, the interests of the common people too often get side-
tracked while the interests of the special privilege group get priority.

For labor to hope for the abolition of lobbies and pressure groups is
a little too much to expect in the near future. They are too firmh^ en-
trenched and they control too much money. However, there is one way
in which labor can counter the pressure groups; that is by votes. At
election time it is votes, not dollars, that pay off. If we do not have the
th^e money, we certainly do have the votes. We must use them to elect
men to office who know our problems and are sympathetic to them; men
who are above corruption. November 2nd is a good time to make a start
in this direction.

26 THE CARPENTER

Ballots Provide The Only Real Answer

Off and on for the last two years, this publication has predicted that
the Department of Labor was headed for the scrap heap. Last month
this prediction received substantiation from "Labor", the fine weekly-
newspaper published by the Railroad Brotherhoods. From a usually
reliable source, Labor learned that the Hoover Commission has been
working on a proposal for the outright abolition of the Department of
Labor. According to Labor's information, Commission experts are pre-
paring a plan for wiping the Department off the books entirely and di-
viding up its functions among other government agencies.

To all who work for a living, this is an alarming development. The
Department of Labor was instituted in 1914 after a long and bitter struggle
by the labor movement. With the establishment of the Department, or-
ganized labor officially became a recognized part of the American econo-
mic system. Through the years the Department has served the working
people of the nation — som.etimes efficiently, sometimes badly, according
to the administration in charge — but the need for the Department has
never diminished.

When the 80th Congress went into office, the Department became an
immediate target of the anti-labor forces. In the last two years the ap-
propriations of the Department have been slashed to the bone. One by
one the functions of the Department have been transferred to other
agencies until adjournment of Congress this year found the Department
merely a shell of its former self.

Back in June, 1947, the 80th Congress set up the "Commission on the
Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government". Its function
is to make a study of all Federal agencies and recommend changes that
might increase efficiency. The Commission is composed of twelve mem-
bers; four named by the president, four named by the speaker of the
House, and four named by the president of the Senate. Chairman of the
Commission is ex-president Herbert Hoover, a House Speaker Martin
nominee. The other members include two top Federal officials, two Sen-
ators, two Congressmen, an industrialist, and a university professor. ^
The Commission started out with a $750,000 appropriation which was later
upped to $2,000,000. An army of "experts" has been hired. Various "study
projects" have been organized, each with a chairman, an advisory com-
mittee, and a staff. Recently the Congressional Record carried a list of
these appointees. Although there were many corporation vice presidents,
Wall Street financiers, and industrial engineers on the list, not a single
name of a labor official was included therein. According to Labor, the
various sub-committees are due to report to the main committee some-
time this month.

If the Commission intends to recommend abolition of the Department
of Labor as Labor predicts, the backers of the idea will find all organized
labor solidly aligned against them. It is no secret why the Big Business
interests want the Department of Labor knocked in the head. In recent
years the Department has developed some very interesting information
which unions have been able to use to good effect. Take, for example, the

THE CARPENTER 27

budget studies prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a branch of
the Department of Labor. These budget studies show that even last year
a worker had to earn from $3,100 to $3,500 to support a family of four
on a very modest living- standard. Since the study was made prices have
increased by some twelve to fifteen per cent. The Big Business interests
were very unhappy about these figures. Naturally they want no more
of them. Consequently it is not difficult; t imagine why abolition of the
Department of Labor is one of their priority projects. By appropriations
slashes, by personnel juggling schemes and various other subterfuges,
the 80th Congress has harrassed and crippled the Department of Labor
ever since it went into office. If the Big Business bloc in Congress is now
plotting the complete destruction of the Department, it should not be
surprising.

When the matter of the Department comes out in the open, organized
labor will be ready to put up a fight. But the real solution lies in the
ballot box. In 1946, labor neglected to go to the polls. As a result a
reactionary and business-dominated majority got in. Labor has been pay-
ing the price ever since. Until a decent, fair-minded group which knows
and understands the problems of working people is sent to Washington,
not only the Department of Labor but also all other agencies and laws
that are of benefit to organized workers will be in jeopardy.

The Opinion Is Not Exclusively Ours

This journal has long contended that the full efifects of the Taft-
Hartley Act will not be felt until economic conditions take a turn for the
worse. With an election in the immediate offing and skilled labor still
comparatively scarce, anti-labor employers are loathe to bear down too
hard on organized labor. However, once the election is out of the way
and jobs become scarcer, the vested interests will crack down, and crack
down hard.

That we are not alone in this opinion was last month demonstrated
by Maurice J. Tobin, recently-appointed Secretary of Labor. In a blister-
ing statement, Tobin warned that the law bodes no good for organized
workers. He bluntly stated that employers are holding oflf until an eco-
nomic slump occurs before they appl}^ the "full force" of the law.

"Let there come a depression and this law will be an entering wedge to
break down the gains made by labor in the last sixteen years," Tobin
declared.

Tobin further charged the law with handcuft'ing labor and bringing on
endless litigation. Also he declared that the law was almost entirely
responsbile for the major strikes now in effect.

"The law has given protection — but not to the workers," Tobin pointed
out. "The protection has been given to the rugged individualists of the
National Association of Manufacturers."

THE CARPENTER

REPRESENTATIVES

(Continued front page 23)

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10 Davis, Clifford (D) UUUUFUFFUUUU

5 Evins, Joe L. (D) NNNNNNNNUUUU

5 Gore, Albert (D) UUFFUUUUNUUU

2 Jennings, John Jr. (R) UUUUUUUNUUUU

3 Kefauver, Estes (D) UNFFFUFNUFFF

8 Murray. Tom (D) UUUUUUUFUUUU

1 Phillips. Dayton (R) N N N N N N N N U F F F

6 Priest, J. Percy (D) UUFFUUUUUUUU

TEXAS

3 Beckworth, Lindley (D) UUNNUUUFUUUU

17 Burleson, Omar (D) N N N N N N N N U U U U

2 Combs, J. M. fD) NNFFFUFFUFFN

21 Fisher, 0. C. iD) U U N X N U U U U U U U

13 Gossett, Ed. (D) UUUUUUUNUUUU

10 Johnson, Lj-ndon B. (D) UUFNUUUFUUUU

20 Kilday, Paul J. (Dj UUUUUUUFUUUU

12 Lucas, Wingate (D) N N X N N N N N U U U U

14 Lyle, John E. (D) NUUUUUFFUUUU

19 Mahon, George H. (D) U U F U U U U N U U U U

1 Patman, Wright (D) UUFFUUUFUUUN

7 Pickett, Tom (D) N U U U U U U F U F U U

11 Poage, W. R. (D) UUNNUUUFUUUU

4 Rayburn, Sam (D) NNNNNNNNUFFF

6 Teague, Olin E. (D) NNNNNNNNUUUU

8 Thomas, Albert (D) UUFFFUFFUFFF

15 West, Milton H. (D) UUUUUUUNUUUU

5 Wilson, J. Frank (D) N N N N N N N N U U U U

18 Worley, Eugene (D) UUFUUUUNUNUU

UTAH

2 Dawson, Wm. A. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

1 Granger, Walter K FFFUFUNNFFFP

VERMONT

AL Plumley, Chas. A NUUNUUUNUUUU

1 Bland, Schuyler Otis (D).
9 Flanagan, John W. (D)_.
3 Gary, J. Vaughan (D)

2 Hardy, Porter, Jr. (D)

7 Harrison, Burr P. (D)

8 Smith, Howard W. (D)__-
5 Stanley, Thomas B. (D)_-

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THE CARPENTER

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WEST VIRGINIA

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1 Love, Francis J. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

3 Rohrbough, Edward G. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

2 Snyder, Melvin C. (R) NNNNNNNNUFUU

WISCONSIN

4 Brophy, John C. (R) NNNNNNNNFFFF

8 Byrnes, John W. (R) NUUUUUUFUUUU

2 Davis, Glen R. (R) NNNNNNNNNNUU

9 Hull, Merlin (R) FFUUFUFFFFFF

6 Keefe, Frank B. (R) UNUUUUUNUUUU

5 Kersten, Chas. (R) NNNNNNNNUUUU

7 Murray,Reid F. (R) NUUUFUUFUUUU

10 O'Konski, Alvin E. (R) UFUUFUNFUUUU

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WYOMING

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ALABAMA

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Sparkman, John J. (D) NNNNNNNNNFUP

ARIZONA

Hayden, Carl (D) UFFUUUUFPFPP

McFarland, Ernest W. (D) FFFPUUUNPPPP

ARKANSAS

Fulbright, J. Wm. (D) NUUUUUUFUUUU

McClellan, John L. (D) NUUUUUUFUUUU

CALIFORNIA

Downey, Sheridan (D) NFFFFFPPNPPP

Knowland, Wm. F. (R) NUUUUUUUUUUU

COLORADO

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DELAWARE

Buck. C. Douglas (R) ._ U U U U U F U U N U U U-

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FLORIDA

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GEORGIA

George, Walter F. (D) UNUUUUUNUUUU

Russell, Richard B. (D) UFUUUUUFUUUU

IDAHO

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Taylor, Glen H. (D) NFFFFF FFFFFF

ILLINOIS

Brooks, C. Wayland (R) UUUUUFUUUUUU

Lucas, Scott W. (D) NUUUUUUNUUUF

INDLiJSA

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Jenner, Wm. E. (R) N N N N N N N N N U U U

IOWA

Hickenlooper, Bourke B. (R) NUUUUUUNNUUU

Wilson, George A. (R) UUUUUFUUUUUU

KANSAS

Capper, Arthur (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

Reed, Clyde M. (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

KENTUCKY

Barkley, Alben W. (D) NFFFUUUFFFF F

Cooper, Jno. (R) N N N N N N N N N U U U

LOLISLINA

Ellender, Allen J. (D) N N U U U U U N N F U U

MAINE

Brewster, Owen (R) UNUUUFUNUUUU

White, Wallace H. Jr. (R) UUUUUUUUUUUU

MARYLANT)

O'Connor, Herbert R. (D) NNNNNNNNNUUU

Tydings, Millard E. (D) U N U U U U U F NUUU

MASSACHUSETTS

Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr. (R) NNNNNNNNNUUU

Saltonstall, Leverett (R) NUUUUUUNNUUU

THE CARPENTER 31

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MINNESOTA

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Thye, Edward J. (R) NNNNNNNNNUUU

MISSISSIPPI

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MISSOURI

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Kem, James P. (R) NNNNNNNNNUUU

MONTANA

Ecton. Zales N. (R) NNNNNNNNNUUU

Murray, James R. (D) FFFFFFFFFFFF

NEBRASKA

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Wherry, Kenneth S. (R) UUUUUFUUUUUU

NEVADA

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McCarran, Pat (D) FUFFUFFFFFFF

NEW HAMPSHIRE

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Tobey, Charles W. (R) UUUUNNUNNUUU

NEW JERSEY

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Smith, H. Alexander (R) NUUUUFUUUUUU

NEW MEXICO

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NEW YORK

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THE C A R P E X T E R

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SOUTH CIROLJXA
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TEXAS

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Official Information

General OflRcers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS

of AMERICA

General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General President

WM. L. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First General Vice-President

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Acting Secretary

ALBERT E. FISCHER

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Second General Vice-President

JOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Treasurer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis. Ind.

General Exbcutitb Board

First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR.
Ill E. 22nd St.. New Yorlt 10, N. Y.

Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Second District, O. WM. BLAIER
933 B. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.

Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland. O.

Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara. Calif.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTBL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.

Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

All corresspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary

WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman
ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary

Notice to Recording Secretaries

The quarterly circular for the months of October, November and Decem-
ber, 1948, containing the quarterly password, has been forwarded to all
Local Unions of the United Brotherhood. Recording Secretaries not in
receipt of this circular should notify Albert E. Fischer, Carpenters'
Building, Indianapolis, Indiana.

CONVENTION CALL

Pursuant to the Constitution of tiie Union Label Trades Department
of the American Federation of Labor, the Fortieth Annual Convention of
the Union Label Trades Department will convene in Parlors A, B and C,
Netherland Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, 10 a.m., Friday, November 12,
1948, and will continue in session until the business of the Convention is
completed.

CONVENTION CALL

Pursuant to Section Four of the Constitution of the Building and Con-
struction Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor, the
Forty-first Annual Convention will be held in Cincinnati, Ohio, at the
Netherland Plaza Hotel, Wednesday, November 10, 1948, at 10 a.m. and
Avill continue in session from day to day until the business of the Conven-
tion shall be completed.

34 THE CARPENTER

MINUTES OF THE GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD

Drake Hotel, Chicago, 111.
August 21, 1948

Since the previous meeting of the General Executive Board the following trade
movements were acted upon:

May 21, 1948

Mt. Olive, 111., L. U. 280. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1,75 per hour, effective May 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Concord, N. H., L. U. 538 — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.40 to
$1.65 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Davenport, Iowa., L. U. 726 — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.10 to
$1.35 per hour, effective May 19, 1948. Official sanction granted, without financial
aid.

Berea, Ky., L. U. 1270. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 1^ to
$1.75 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Middletown, Ohio., L. U. 1477. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.90
to $2.10 per hour, effective June 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Denton, Texas., L. U. 1526. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Watertown, S. D., L. U. 1690. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.40
to $1.50 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Duncan, Okla., L. U. 2221. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective May 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Dumas, Texas., L. U. 2369. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$1.87 V^ per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

June 8, 1948

Charleston, S. C, L. U. 159. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 (Carpenters) $1.75 to $2.00 (Millwrights) per hour, effective August 1,
1948. Official sanction granted, without financial aid.

Lockport, N. Y., L. U. 289. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.80
to $2.00 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Prestonburg, Ky., L. U. 72 3. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective June 10, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Jacksonville, 111., L. U. 904. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87^
to $2,121/4 per hour, effective August 21, 1948. Official sanction granted, with-
out financial aid.

Carlyle, 111., L. U. 1851. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62%
to $2.25 per hour, effective June 8, 1948. Official sanction granted.

June 18, 1948

Crossett, Ark., L. U. 497. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective September 18, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid

Petersburg, Va., L. U. 1534. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65
to $1.90 per hour, effective July 19, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Prineville, Ore., L. U. 1625. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective August 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Stevens Point, Wis., L. U. 1919. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.40 to $1.75 per hour, effective April 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

June 21, 1948
Claremore, Okla., L. U. 1933. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50

to $1.75 per hour, effective June 21, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ruston, La., L. U. 2192.^ — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to

$1.75 per hour, effective June 21, 1948. Official sanction granted.

July 8, 1948
Blackwell, Okla., L. U. 686. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37 ^4
to $1.62% per hour, effective September 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

THE CARPENTER 35

Manhattan, Kans., L. U. 918. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective August 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Greenville, Miss., L. U. 984.- — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective September 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Morris, 111., L. U. 1161. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective August 9, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Emporia, Kans., L. U. 1224. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective September 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Childress, Texas., L. U. 1727. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1,871/2 per hour, effective September 8, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Winfield, Mo., L. U. 1875. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective August 1, 1948. Ofllcial sanction granted.

Fulton, Mo., L. U. 2137. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37%
to $1,621/2 per hour, effective August 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Newark, N. J., L. U. 2212. — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to
$2.50 per hour, effective September 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Jena, La., L. U. 2371. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25 to
$1.50 per hour, effective September 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Winfield, Kans., L. U. 2383. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective July 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

July 21. 1948

Sherman, Texas, L. U. 197. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective August 21, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Kokomo, Ind., L. U. 734. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.80 to
$2.00 per hour, effective September 13, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Danbury, Conn., L. U. 927. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective August 18, 1949. Official sanction granted.

Thompson Falls, Mont., L. U. 1639. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective August 2, 19,48. Official sanction granted.

Breese, 111., L. U. 1675. — -Movement for an increase in wages from $1.30 to
$1.86 per hour, effective September 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Liberal, Kans., L. U. 1724. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87 1^
to $2.00 per hour, effective September 21, 1948. Official sanction granted, with-
out financial aid.

Temple, Texas, L. U. 1971. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective September 21, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Booneville, Ark., L. U. 1985. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1,121/2 to $1,621/2 per hour, effective July 21, 1948. Official sanction granted.

August 2, 1948

Terre Haute, Ind., L. U. 133. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.25 per hour, effective August 22, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Kalispell, Mont., L. U. 911. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective August 2, 1948. Official sanction granted.

De Land, Fla., L. U. 1328. Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective September 20, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Monticello, Ark., L. U. 1412. Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective September 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Kilgore, Texas., L. U. 1671. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective September, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Huntingburg, Ind., L. U. 1814. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective September 30, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Natchez, Miss., L. U. 1994. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 1/^
to $1,871/^ per hour, effective August 2, 1948. Official sanction granted.

3 6 T H E C A R P E X T E R

Puuoa City, Okla.. L. U. 2008. — Movement for an increase in wages from
11.75 to S2.00 per hour, effective September 15, 1948. Official sanction granted. .
Arkansas City. Kans.. L. U. 2179. — Movement for an increase in wages from

?1.50 to §1.75 per hour, effective August 1. 194S. Official sanction granted.

August 9, 19-48

Collinsville. 111.. L. V . 295. — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.25
TO .?2.5 0 per hour, effective September 1, 19 48. Official sanction granted.

Bristol. Conn.. L. U. 952. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.87^2
to -?2.10 per hour, effective September 17, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Pampa, Texas, L. U. 1141. — Movement for an increase in wages from |1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective August 15. 1948. Official sanction granted.

Deer Lodge, Mont., L. U. 1229. — Movement for an increase in wages from
11.50 to $1.75 per hour, effective August 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Owensboro, Ky., L. U. 1341. — Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 62 V^
to SI.S" per hour, effective October 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

El Dorado, Ark., L. U. 1683. — Movement for an increase in wages from
§1.62 ^2 to -SI. 75 (Carpenters) and $1.75 to $1.87^2 CMillwrights) per hour,
effective August 9. 19 48. Official sanction granted.

Cape Girardeau. Mo., L. U. 1770. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.5i;i to SI. 75 per hour, effective September 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.
without financial aid,

Farmington, Mo., L. U. 179 5. Movement for an increase in wages from |1.50

to ?2.00 per hour, effective September 30, 194S, Official sanction granted. i

* » * « • I

The General Executive Board met in regular session at the Drake Hotel.
Chicago, Illinois on August 21, 194S.

The General President reported to the General Executive Board that he had
received, and accepted the resignation of General Secretary Frank Duffy, to be-
come effective July 31. 19 48.

In submitting his resignation General Secretary Duffy explained that he had
served forty-seven years as General Secretary of the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America, and he felt due to his advanced age that he
should take things easier in his declining days, but that his services would be
available whenever needed.

It was moved and seconded that General Secretary Duffy be designated as
Secretary Emeritus, he to receive the same salary that he was receiving at the
time of his resignation as General Secretary.

Carried unanimotisly. ' ■-'

Acknowledgment from the office of P^obert X. Dedaker and Company, cer-
tified Public Accountants, in response to our letter of May 2 5, 19 48 whereiii the
General Executive Board decided to continue the contract with this firm for
quarterly audit of our books and accounts was accepted.

Renewal of Workmens' Compensation Insurance for the Dominion of Canada
for one year begining May 5, 19 48, through the United States Fidelity and
Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Maryland, was referred to our legal depart-
ment.

Renewal of Public Liability Insurance on property owned by the Brotherhood
located at 517-519 X. Delaware Street, Indianapolis. Indiana, for one year end-
ing August 10. 19 49. through the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company
of Baltimore, Maryland was referred to our legal department. ::;...

Renewal of Bond for the General Secretary's Office in the sum of $20,090.00
for one year begining August 15, 19 48, through the United States Fidelity and
Guaranty Company of Baltimore, Maryland, was referred to our legal department.

General President brought to the attention of the Board several communica-
tions received wherein inquiry was made concerning our members who may be
affected by the Selective Service Act of 194S.

After carefully discussing the matter it was moved and seconded that we
arrange to take care of members who enter Militaiw Service under the regutre-
ments of the Act. Carried unanimously.

THE CARPENTER 37

A communication from the American Federation of Labor regarding a proposed
Public Relations Program was called to the attention of the Board by the Gen-
eral President, and after discussion it was moved and seconded that the matter
be left in the hands of the General President. Carried unanimously.

After discussing a communication from I. M. Ornburn. Secretary-Treasurer,
Union Label Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor regard-
ing the 1949 Union Industries Show which will open in Cleveland, Ohio. May 18,
1949, a motion prevailed, that the question of preparing an exhibit be referred to
the First General Vice-President.

August 22, 1948

A protest from the Tri-Counties Illinois District Council of Carpenters, (East
St. Louis, Illinois), regarding jurisdictional line between the Tri-Counties and the
Alton, Wood River District Councils as established between the two District Coun-
cils was given consideration, after which it was decided that the line of jurisdiction
of the two Councils as set by the General President be confirmed.

Telegram from the Westchester County District Council on behalf of local
Union 1087, Tarrytown, New York, requesting financial assistance was given con-
sideration, after which it was decided that the request be referred to the General
President.

Appeal of Local Union 101, Baltimore, Maryland, from the decision of the
General President in the case of Emory S. Miller and William Jung versus Local
Union 101, wherein the General President sustained the appellants. After giving
careful consideration to this case the decision of the General President was sus-
tained, and the appeal was dismissed.

The General President called to the attention of the Board the situation in
Los Angeles, California in reference to Local 6 34, and correspondence with
the District Council regarding the matter.

It was decided that the General President appoint a committee of the General
Executive Board to visit Los Angeles to investigate the existing conditions.

The following committee was appointed:

M. A. Hutcheson — -First General Vice-President
Charles Johnson, Jr. — Board Member, First District
Harry Schwarzer — Board Member, Third District
R. B. Roberts — Board Member, Fifth District
A. W. Muir — Board Member, Sixth District

Appeal of Local Union 10 38, Ellenville, New York, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of Mrs. Lide Geilard Goldsmith,
wife of Charles Goldsmith, a member of said Local Union was considered. The
claim was referred back to the General Treasurer for further consideration.

Appeal of Local Union 145 7, Toledo, Ohio, from the decision of the General
Treasurer in disapproving the claim of John F. Rutschow for funeral donations
was considered. The claim was referred back to the General Treasurer for further
consideration.

August 23, 1948.

The General Executive Board went into session as Board of Trustees.

The General President submitted to the Board a report on the acdon taken
by the Court in Indianapolis on the case filed by Gotthard Hanson. A lengthy
discussion of the matter took place during which it was brought out that inasmuch
as the non-resident Board Members were not served in the litigation, and further,
that the General Officers, including all Board Members are recognized as the
governing body of the Brotherhood between conventions, that the Board cannot
accept and comply with the findings of the court.

Motion made that the above be made an official action of the General execu-
tive Board. Carried.

Moved and seconded that a roll call of the members of the Board be taken~

Carried.

THE CARPENTER

A vote of the Board shows the fonowing results:

Charles Johnson, Jr.
O. Wm. Blaier
Harry Schwarzer
Roland Adams
R. E. Roberts
A. W. 3Iuir
Arthur Martel
TVm. L. Hutcheson

M. A. Hutcheson

S. P. Meadows

First District
Second District
Third District
Fourth District
Fifth District
Sixth District
Seventh District
General President

First G. Y. P.

General Treasurer

Yes
Yes

Yes

Not Toting because of being
directly involved in the ac-
tion of the court.

Not voting because of being
directly involved in the ac-
tion of the court.

Not voting because of being

directly involved in the ac-
tion of the court.

The General President appointed Albert E. Fischer, novr Assistant to the
General Secretary, as Acting Secretary.

The appointment was concurred in unanimously by the General Executive
Board.

August 24, 1948

Lamar, Colo., L. U. 2426. — Movement for an Increase in wages from $1.62^2
to $1.87^2 per hour, effective October 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

La Crosse, "Wise, L. U. 1143. — Movement for an Increase in wages from $1.75
to $1.85 per hour, effective July 1, 1948. Official sanction granted, without finan-
cial aid.

Corsicana, Texas, L. U. 731. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37%
to 11.621/2 per hour, effective October 2, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Warrensburg, Mo., L. U. 1953. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 per hour, effective August 24, 1948. Oificial sanction granted.

Bastrop, La., L. U. 2032. — Movement for an increase in wages from §1.50 to
$1.75 (Carpenters) $1.62 1^ to S2.00 (Millwrights) per hour, effective July 1,
1948. Official sanction granted.

August 25, 1948

Carlinville, 111., L. U. 73 7. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.5 0
to $1.87% per hour, effective September 25, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Conneaut, Ohio, L. U. 86 3. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1,75
to 12.12 1/2 per hour, effective October 25, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Nevada, Mo., L. U. 1271. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
11.75 (Commercial) $1.25 to $1.50 (Residential) per hour, effective August 24,
1948, Official sanction granted .

Plainview, Texas, L. U. 2272. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $1.87% per hour, effective October 7, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Ptolla, Mo., L. U. 2298. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.45 to
$1.65 per hour, effective November 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

There being no further business to be acted upon, the Board adjourned to
meet at the call of the Chairman.

Respectfully submitted.

ALBERT E. FISCHER
Acting Secretary.

Jin 0.]2^tntfttsctn

Not lost to those that love them.
Not dead, just gone before;

They still live in our memory.
And will forever more

^esi in ^ear^

The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.

Brother WILLIAM AG AN, Local No. 177, Springfield, Mass.

Brother V. A. BAKER, Local No. 696, Tampa Fla.

Brother JOHN P. BENT, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother WILLIAM T. BRADLEY, Local No. 1449, Lansing, Mich.

Brother J. D. BROOKES, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother WALTER CAMERON, Local No. 1010, Uniontown, Pa.

Brother JOHN DeBORD, Local No. 1683, El Dorado, Ark.

Brother PATRICK DUFFY, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother JAMES FULLERTON, Local No. 188, Yonkers, N. Y.

Brother FRANK FUXA, Local No. 54, Chicago, 111.

Brother JOSEPH GAGE, Local No. 625, Manchester, N. H.

Brother GEORGE R. GARDEN, Local No. 51, Boston, Mass.

Brother WM. GASKINS, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother FESTOS HALE, Local No. 29, Cincinnati, O.

Brother J. R. HALL, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother WILLIAM HERINGTON, Local No. 29, Cincinnati, O.

Brother L. T. HILL, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother D. A. HUMPHREY, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother RICHARD HUSTINS, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother ARMAND JANELLE, Local No. 625, Manchester, N. H.

Brother JOHN JOHNSON, Local No. 2084, Astoria, Ore.

Brother TOM L. KAUFFMAN, Local No. 1683, El Dorado, Ark.

Brother BARNEY KELLY, Local No. 2287, New York, N. Y.

Brother PETER KRAUSCH, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.

Brother JACOB KALPOWSKY, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.

Brother MOISE I. MARTEL, Local No. 625, Manchester, N. H.

Brother WILLIAM MINCHIN, Local No. 325, Paterson, N. J.

Brother CHAS. S. MOORE, Local No. 701, Fresno, Cal.

Brother F. MUELLER, Local No. 419, Chicago, 111.

Brother C. F. NOLDER, Local No. 1278, Gainesville, Fla.

Brother JAKUB NOVAK, Local No. 54, Chicago, 111.

Brother E. L. PADGETT, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother JOSEPH W. PITRE, Local No. 40, Boston, Mass.

Brother M. S. POLK, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother E. B. POSTLETHWAITE, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother H. M. RAWLS, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother THOMAS L. REYNOLDS, Local No. 51, Boston, Mass.

Brother BERTRAM ROGERS, Local No. 177, Springfield, Mass.

Brother JAMES SALTER, Local No. 67, Roxbury, Mass.

Brother WAYNE L. SAWYER, Local No. 790, Dixon, 111.

Brother ROBERT SIMMLER, Local No. 325, Paterson, N. J.

Brother WILLIAM B. STRATON, Local No. 1683, El Dorado, Ark.

Brother R. E. TINGLE, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother FRANK L. TRAVERS, Local No. 51, Boston, Mass.

Brother J. T. WALKER, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother JOHN WHITEMAN, Local No. 29, Cincinnati, O.

Brother V. H. WILEY, Local No. 1010, Uniontown, Pa.

Brother C. A. WIMSETT, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

Brother JOHN F. WINGO, Local No. 1822, Ft. Worth, Tex.

Brother P. B. WOOLEY, Local No. 696, Tampa, Fla.

CorrospondoncQ

This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views lixpressed By Correspondents.

DAYTOXA BEACH IXX-AL SPOXSORS ANOTHER BAXG-UP BARBECUE

with car-T:i:rr;^ r^'.i.-A-r^~ c-Z.-'i izi-z^^^ h.- L::a.: i;:i:c:i 171:5 spc'^or^d £:io:Lrr of
its ou:s:£.::;i:::? a.::'u;.l 'oi::':.':':'L^~. U:ii-e: :i:r dir-^:::::: c: L, F. Z.I'jDonald, TTldelv
knoTrr :;r ;::= ab:li:7 ;:i bf.rbT v'.;:::? r:;^i,-;^, ^r-CUirb brrf a,r.d pork to feed &00
pecrlr -va^ pr-^rirrc: br: : "rbi.::!. A: :.:■ ; I — tbr :£.rp.T:i:Tr= i..^6. their friends
bega:i :_e grani riiarob ::~'ar'i :b-r baib-r^u-a p:";^. I: :be :olb:-"::if hour. proved
anything, it is that carpenters are as barby ■.-::;•-_ -r.^ k:i::- and fork a.s tbey are vriih
the hammer and sa^r. vrioeL. all had earer :ke:r bll o: "be ::a:r;.::ab".e southern bar-
becue, a full afternoon of sports and gasies gc: o:rder ~i". Tbere were all kinds
of contests for the kiddies and quite a few mirrb-proTokirg ones for both the men
and "women.

Daytona Beach Local No. 172 5 has been in existence forty-fiTe years. In all
that time there has never been any serious trouble in the Daytona Beach area;
consequently the union enjoys considerable prestige with all the citizens thereof.
Many friends of the union attended the barbecue. .John Whiting, president of the
union, was general chairman. However, many members helped with the arrange-
ments: among them: Elmer and Eldridge McDonald, Frank C. "VThite, Raymond
HofEet, Lester Oldaker, Joseph Bidweii, Lawrence Carpenter. Obed Inglett, and a
host of others.

LOCAL rXIOX Xo. 80 OLD TIME GET-TO-GETHER

The Editor:

Tr^.-dav, July 13, 1&4:. Lota". L'-ion No. 5b. Cntoago. neld a special called meet-
ing lor the purpose of installing ofloers for tbe ensuing term. Our former presi-
dent, John R. Sterenson, now second G-neral Vite President, was present on this
occasion as he has been in previous years and insoalled the oScers for the ensuing
term.

Brother Stevenson spoke on conditions of the trade throughout the country
and related in detail the viciousness of the Taft-Hartley Act and admonished our
members to take a more active part to help repeal and defeat all anti-labor legisla-
tion. His remarks were enthusiastically received.

He reminded the members of the IjDcal that nest y^ar in May tb- Local will be
celebrating its 60th anniversary and recommended that the Local bave a celebra-
tion and invite all the members and their wives. A motion prevailed that the
recommendation of Brother Stevenson be concurred in and that the officers of
the Local be appointed as a committee and that Brother Stevenson be appointed
honorary chairman.

About five hundred members attended tbbis nteeting, Othcers from other Locals
attending were Stanley Johnson. -Secre^arT'-Treasurer, Asgar Andrup. Vice Presi-
dent and Apprentice Co-ordinato:-, and ban Butler. Business Agent of the Chicago
District Council, also Frank Romano, Business Agent of Local Union 643.

After the meeting adjourned the m-embers enjoyed a treat in the showing of
two motion pictures from the General 03oce entitled ''This Is our Brotherhood"
and "Carpenters' Home." The showing of these films was very well received by
the members. Refreshments were served and the members all enjoyed an old time
get-to-gether.

Alex W, Robertson, R,ecording Secretary.

LiOOAL UNION No. 492 HONORS 8 APPRENTICE GRADUATES

Eight apprentice carpenters received their graduation certificates at a fitting
ceremony at Dreamland Park on Saturday July 17th, highlighting the annual
picnic of Local Union 492, Reading, Pa.

Maurice M. Hansen of Madison, Wis., Assistant Director of District Three,
Federal Apprentice-Training Service, addressed the apprentices and explained in
a most interesting and informative manner the history of apprentice training and
the hopes and aspirations for the future.

The certificates were presented by Edward A. Reider, Sr., President of the
Joint Committee.

Guests in attendance were, all the contractors who have agreements with
Local 492; J. Herbert Kissinger, Director of Industrial Education of the Reading
School District and Pennsylvania Department of Public Instruction; Horace N.

Seven of the eight carpenter apprentices who received graduation certificates at
Dreamland Park on Saturday July 17th are pictured here. Fi-ont row: left to
right, are: Edward A. Reider, Sr., President of the Joint Apprenticeship Commit-
tee; William E. Stump, Stuart B. Keller, AValter B. Ruth. Second i-ow, in the usual
order, are: Wilbert P. Nowak, Donald J. Hill, Robert W. Becker and Tlieodoi*e O.
Nowak. Earl L. Renninger, the eighth gi-aduate being ill, is not shown.

Heist, Field Representative of the Federal Apprentice-Training Service; Albert W.
Boldt, Regional Supervisor of Apprentice Training for the Veterans Administra-
tion; David P. Schoener, Acting Chief of Training Facilities and the Manual Arts
Staff of the Reading High School.

In addition to President Reider, other members of the Joint Committee are
L. E. Ross, Secretary; Charles W. Bowers and William Hostetter, of the union, and
Harry Potteiger and Edward Anewalt, for the contractors.

This ceremony was the first of its kind in this locality. Members of the Com-
mittee are of the opinion that apprentices deserve a fitting ceremony upon attain-
ing their status as journeymen. Over one hundred apprentices are still in training.

SA>.' BIEGO L-iDLES .IPvE BUELDING FIXE AUXIELIRY

The dxarming group of ladies pictured abore is responsible for the organiza-
tion of Ladies Auxiliary,- Xo. .506 of San Diego, Cal. The picture Tvas taken at the
time of their application for their charter which Tras recently in-stalled. From left
to right, they are: f standings Mrs, Elsie McCann. Mrs, Pauline Hall, Mrs. Corinne
Johnson, Mrs. Zola Edwards, Mrs. Marie Hiatt. Mrs. Mae Hoover, Mrs, Janet
McKellar. Mrs. Kathryn Sanders, Mrs. Lena TrochmamL, Mrs. Grace Rigg, Mrs.
Fdna Palnif-r, Mrs, Fiose Southern: (seated) Mrs. Olga X'orem, Mrs. BeiTiia Parker.

Oificers of Auxiliary No. .506 at the present time are: Mrs. Marie Hiatt, presi-
dent: Mrs. Janet MacKellar, vice-president; Mrs. Bertha Parker, secretary-treas-
urer: Mrs, Olga Xoreni, recording secretary: Mrs. Lena TrcK-hmann, conductor;
Mrs. Corinne Johnson, warden, and Mesdames Zola Edwards. Kathryn Sanders, and
Elsie McCann, tnistees.

coffey\t:lle l.adies .ihe politically

Lad:^;^ Auj::::i,:-v ::o. oOT^ of C£,rp-=:r.':-rH Lo:&.l Nc. 121
was or£-i.:_:z_,-2 r- :.:5_-.- '_-, 1 :^ 4 ! . V.'^ Jis.v-^

E'iu':&::o:L. Vr^ ^^--l i'.\ .i.-z ''liTZ^^z.-.-z^

September meeting. V,'^ oe - -.

nlsh a room for our r^ ' ::: ;.-::;.

We are iDX^:--\~l :l ',:':.':V J-.- ::■:'.'.: -.r.-^ £.r.d
letters in The C&ri.ri.:=;r. T':.--/ r.i ; - :; :: ir^
organized. With best wishes to o:r or A:3::l:£.r:-.s,
Tours sincerelv. Mrs. Ida

0-.

d to raise money to help our

ACTIVE

i. Cof^eyville. Kansas
i.ob^:.s. We neei the
Political
.nd vote.
::r the
ired our
carpenters fur-

Let u^ 0
V. Ad 0 0^

r from you.
Recording Secretarj'.

Craft ProblQms

Carpentry

LESSON 241
By H. H. Siegele

Lumber Table. — The lumber table
(Essex Board Measure) is found on the
back of the blade of the square. If pos-
sible, the student should obtain a square
that has this table on it and lav it be-

lumber in it, as shown under the figure

13 on the first line. If the board were

14 feet long, as shown under the figure
14, it would have 9 feet, 4 inches of lum-
ber in it. A board 12 feet long and 9
inches wide, as shown on the second
line under the base figure, would have
9 feet of lumber in it, and so on down
to the seventh line.

Fig. 1

fore him, so that he will have the whole
rule to study. Fig. 1 gives two parts of
the square, showing enough of the lum-
ber table to serve the purpose here. The
figure 12 is the base figure of the lumber
rule. Now turn to the illustration and
on the first line directly under the base

^Slrfli^hftf^5'

Fig. 2

figure you will find the figure 8. This
means that a board 12 feet long and 8
inches wide will have 8 board feet of
lumber in it. If the board were 13 feet
long, it would have 8 feet, 8 inches of

Now turn to the edge figure 3, shown
toward the left of the illustration. Here
we find that a board 3 feet long and 8
inches wide would have 2 feet of lumber
in it — if it were 6 feet long it would
have 4 feet of lumber in it. In the same
way you can find the number of board
feet in boards running from 2 to 24 feet
long, as shown directly under each edge

Fi£

figure on the back of the blade, and
from 8 to 15 inches wide. The results
will be the same by letting the edge
figures represent the widths of the
boards and the figures under the base
figure 12 the lengths. For example, a

THE CARPENTER

board 8 feet long, 13 inches wide has.
as we find under figure 13, S feet, 8
inches of lumber in it. If it were 8 feet
long and only 3 inches wide, it would
have, as shown under the edge figure 3.
2 feet of lumber in it. The student
should practice with different lengths

liiuiiimm|ii|Mm|ii|ii|ii[ii[ii[il|ii[ii|ii|ii|ii|iilii|^

IJ \Z |1 .

'T-

m il I II n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II M 1 1 1 il 1 1 I I /H/^ — =

Fig. 4

and different widths of boards, until he
thoroughly understands the table. For
planks and hea^T timbers, simply mul-
tiply the board feet of a board the length
and width of the timber, by the thick-
ness of the timber in inches, and you
will have the number of board feet of
lumber in the timber.

Figuring Board Feet with the Square.
— Fig. 2. A. shows the square applied to

L-V-J

Fi£

a straightedge, shown in part, in such a
way that 12 on the blade and 8 on the
tongue of the square intersect with the
upper edge. That means that a board
12 feet long, 8 inches wide has 8 feet of
lumber in it. The base figure 12 is al-

ways the starting point, and the figure
used with it on the tongue always gives
the width of the board. Now if we had a
board 6 feet long and 8 inches wide, to
find the amount of lumber in it, we
would pull the square back until the
blade would be in position B, shown by
dotted lines. This would make the edge
figure 4 on the tongue intersect with the
edge of the board, indicating that there
are 4 board feet of lumber in the board.
Or if the board were only 3 feet long,
then the blade would be brought to posi-
tion C, shown by dotted lines, and the
edge figure 2 would intersect with the
edge of the board, indicating that the
board has 2 feet of lumber in it. Direct-
ly above the edge figure 13 and 14 you
will find dotted lines intersecting with
the edge of the board, marked a and b
— also to the right of the tongue you
will find two small figures. S and 4, at a
and b. This means that if the square
were slipped up so that the edge of the
blade would intersect the edge of the

CARPENTER'S 6 FOOT
FOLDING RULE

SELECTED HARD MAPLE — CAN
BE BEXT IX COMPLETE CTROLE

High degree of accuracy.

Iieep black graduations on white background protected

^•i".h clear lacquer.

Brass lock joints and tips — nothing to rust.

Eyelets through the wood prevent slipping at joints and

i : as strike.

."Specify inside or outside marking.

5 I 25 , Send money order, check or

X eacn ^ ^ ^ Hardware and lumber

Post Paid. dealers wanted.

Over 200,000 now in use.

KEITH STRUTHERS

2006 JARVIS CHICAGO 45, ILL.

PRACTICAL HOME TRAINING IN
BUILDING TRADES

for Apprentices and Tradesmen who want
all around knowledge in many phases of
building industry including blueprint read-
ina-. estimating, etc. Prepare rapidly for ad-
va:,f'f-mf-nt bv this L'ime training method.
WRITE FOR FREE BOOKLET.

KMPLOYERS IN THE
BLTLDIXG TRADES

Write us if in need of trained men. Our
students and graduates located in all parts
of the country.

COMMERCIAL TRADES INSTITUTE

1400 Greenleaf Avenue, Dept. D- 100- 10, Chicago, III.

THE CARPENTER

IF YOU ARE A CARPENTER

and h:\vp liad snmc cxpcrionop in lumber YOU CAN
LEARN TO ESTIMATE CARPENTER WORK In a
surprisingly short time. 49 years experience In lumber-
ing and general construrtion brings to light new bom
methods such as grading labor on lumber and other
items to prevent the estimator, or contractor, from
serious hidden errors. Until you have used grading
labor on lumber you will still be in the darl(.
Having some experience in lumber, that is the best
place to start, the rest will come much easier after
getting a sound footing.
A little of j'our spare time will do It.
These new bom methods will give you the answer,
from farm building to skyscraper, or homes, remodel-
ing, repairs, wrecking, etc.

On a post card, print your name and address plainly,
by return mall you will receive further information.

E. W. HOFPNER
3319 N. Clark St. Chicago 13, 111.

board at a, the tongue of the square, at
point a, would show that a board 13
feet long and 8 inches wide has 8 feet,
8 inches of lumber in it. In the same
way, if the edge of the blade were
brought to point b, the tongue, at point
b, would indicate that a board 14 feet
long and 8 inches wide has 9 feet, 4
inches of lumber in it. The examples that
are used here correspond with some that
were used in explaining Fig. 1. Com-
pare and check the two methods. The
same results can be obtained by moving
the square to the right, as shown by
Fig. 3. The square as applied to the
board shows that a board 12 long and

^ 1 2

llllllll

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i|i|imi|i|i|i

i|i|i|i

< " •

• • l5- •

f •

\0 • ■ • -115 •

1,1

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ihlil.

ill

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w

r4
10

,>0

l-l -

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8 inches wide has 8 feet of lumber in it.
But if the square is slipped from posi-
tion A to position B, it will show that a
board 14 feet long and 8 inches wide
has 9 feet, 4 inches of lumber in it. If
the board were 13 feet long and 8 inches
wide the tongue would show that it has
8 feet, 8 inches of lumber in it. This is
shown by short dotted lines, and pointed
out with an indicator to the right. These
figures are the same as found in both
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Study and compare
the methods used in the three illustra-

tions. It was intentional that problems
were taken that are easy to solve. But
the results will be just as accurate when
the problems are more difficult.

Brace Table. — Fig. 4, at A, shows one
inch divided into one-hundredth parts,
which is necessary in getting the differ-
ent lengths of braces. Now directly un-
der the edge figure 3 will be found these
figures: 18 over 24, and to the right, 30,
which means that a brace joining the
frame 18 inches one way from the angle,
and 24 inches the other way, will have

Fig. 7

to be 30 inches long. This is illustrated
by Fig. 5. In Fig. 4 under the edge
figure 4, you will find 60 over 60, and
to the right 84.85, which means that a

H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS

ROOF FRAMING.— 175 p. and 4S7 il. Koof framing
complete. Other problems, including law tiling. $2.u0.

CARPENTRY.— Has 3U^ p.. 754 11., covering general
house carpentry, estimating and other subjects. $2.50.

BUILDING TRADES DICTIONARY.— Has 38U p.
670 11., and about 7,000 building trade terms. J3.00.

QUICK CONSTRUCTION.— Covers hunareds of prac-
tical building problems, has 252 p. and 670 U. $2.50.

BUILDING.— Has 210 p. and 495 11.. coverln* form
building, finishing, stair building, etc. $2.50.

The above five books support one another.

TWIGS OF THOUGHT.— Poetry. Only $1.00.

PUSHING BUTTONS.— Illustrated prose. Only $1.00.

FREE. — With 2 books, one $1.00 book free, with

4 books, two, and with 5 books, three $1.00 books free.

Hooks autographed. Five-day Money-back guarantee.

C. O. D. orders, postage and C. O. D. fee added.

ordar u U Cir/^ETI C 222So. Const. St.
today. ■■■ ■■■ »lt\aCfc.t tmporia, Kansas

QUANTITIES — 12 or more books. 20% off, f.o.b. Chicago

THE CARPEXTER

NEW THE RAFTCUT FOR RAFTERS

ts>n.

raA

CWUM

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"T"^

Instructions for Eaftcut on reverse side. Copyright 19-!T

A simplified method for speed and accuracy in figuring the

length of Common, Hip or Valley rafters. Especially for

Apprentices. Carpenters and Builders.

The Eaftcut gives you 12 different pitches, ranging from

i to 18 inch rise and from 1 ft. to 90 ft of run. It wiU

give you 23,760 different lengths of rafters and al=o all

cuts retiui."-"! for these Ditches.

Raftcut Chart Order from L. LANDRY

$1.00 P. O. Erieau, Ontario, Canada

brace joining the frame 60 inches each
way from an angle will have to be 8 4.85
inches long.

Octagon Table. — Fig. 6 shows a part
of the octagon table on the face side of
the tongue. To describe an octagon,
take as many spaces shown by dots in
the table, as there are inches in one side
of the square to be changed to an octa-
gon. For example, if you want to make
an octagon out of an 8x8, start at the
dot pointed out at 0, count eight spaces
to the right, and set the compass at the
center of one side, as at C, Fig. 7, and
mark points 1 and 2, as indicated by the
dotted half-C'ircle. Now drop the two
dotted lines from 1 to 3 and from 2 to

Fig. 8

4. and from these four points mark off
the four corners on a 4.5-degree angle,
as shown by the drawing. This com-
pletes the laying out of the octagon.

Spacing Problem. — Fig. 8 shows a
square placed on a board with 12 on
the body and 2 on the tongue intersect-
ing with the edge of the board. The
figures to the right between the arrows

are always read as feet and the figures
on the edge of the tongue are always
read as inches, while the figures on the
body of the square give the answer to
the problem. The problem with the
square in position A, would read: A
distance of 2 feet divided into 2-inch
spaces will have 12 spaces. That is easy,
and the next problem is just as easy,
which would read: If a distance of 2
feet will have 12 2-inch spaces, how
many 2-inch spaces will a distance of
4 feet have? The problem is solved by
moving the square from position A to
position B. Where the edge of the body
intersects with the edge of the board
you will find the answer, which in this
case is 2 4. One more problem: If there
are 12 2-inch spaces in a distance of 2
feet, how many 2-inch spaces will there
be in a distance of 3 feet? To solve the
problem the square is moved up one
inch, which will bring both the edge fig-
ure 18 on the body, and the edge figure
3 on the tongue, to the edge of the
board. These points are marked a and
a. The answer is found where the blade
intersects with the edge of the board.
which is 18.

— PEICE LIST—

Label and Emblem Novelties

Card Ca*e« (Label) .10

Mey Chains fLabelj .15

Fobs (Label and Emblem) .50

Gaveli 'Lat-elS' 1.25

Pins 'Emtlemi LOO

Buttons I'Emfalemj 2.00

CuS llTicJi I Emblem i 1..W

Mate:-. Boi Holders 'La'celj .15

Belt LoC'P and Chain (Label) .To

Plnj, Ladies' Auxiliary (Emblem) 1.T5

Auto Eadiator Emblems 1.23

In Ordering The^e Goods Send all Orden ind
Make all Remittancei Payable to

ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Sec, Carpenters'
BIdg., 222 E. Michigan St., Indianapolis, Ind.

CARPENTERS and
BUILDERS' HANDBOOK

Tonsists of short but practical
rules for laying out roofs, ceU-
Ir.gs, hoppers, stairs and arcbe*
•'■;ti tables of board measure.
l-r.fth of c-bmmon, hip, valley
i-^.i. jack rafters, square meas-
-r;, etc. — also, rules for keri-
;r. r, laying o3 gambrel roof and
explaining the steel suuare.
Money back if not satisfied

SI. 00 postpaid

D. A. ROGERS

5344 Clinton Avenue
Minneapolis 9, Minn.

Address

NOTICE

All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car-
penter," Including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories

Pare

American Floor Surfacing Mach-
ine Co., Toledo, Ohio 1

Carlson & Sullivan, Inc., Mon-
rovia, Cal. 48

Henry Disston & Sons, Inc.,

Philadelphia, Pa. 6

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 48

Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford, 111— 1

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, 111 3rd Cover

E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,

Cal. 47

Master Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y. 5

North Bros. Mfg., Co., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 6

The Paine Co., Chicago, 111 48

Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore. 4

The Speed Co., Portland, Ore 47

The Speed Corp., Portland Ore._ 48
Stanley Tools, Ne\» Britain, Conn._3rd Cover

Keith Struther, Chicago, 111 44

Carpentry Materials

Johns-Manville Corp., New York,

N. Y. 5

The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y._2nd Cover

Doors

Overhead Door Corp., Hartford

City, Ind 4th Cover

Technical Courses and Books

American School, Chicago, 111. 48

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago, III. 47

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y 3rd Cover

Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111. 3

Commercial Trades Institute,

Chicago, 111. 44

E. W. Hoffner, Chicago, 111 4S

L. Landry, Ereeau, Ont., Can — 46

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 46

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans 45

Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 6

KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE PAMIL.Y!

PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS

9BIG BUILDING BOOKS

12th Edition for
EXAMINATION

SEND NO MONEY

Learn to draw plana, estimate, be • Uve-wlre builder, do

remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro-
fusely illustrated books cover subjects that will help you
to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con-
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tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many
other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 lUuslralions.

BETTER JOBS -BETTER PAY "'^^,^-?l^,5

A nationwide building boom is in full E D I I I O rl
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Big opportunities are always tor MJSJS the most up-to-
WHO KNOW HOW. These booKS sup- date ana complete
ply quick, easily understood training and we have ever pub-
handy, permanent reference Information Ushed on theia
Ihat helps solve building problems. many subjects.
Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For Examination

JmEiCAN TECHiNlcAr SOciETY "Vocati'onallubiishers sine" 1898
Dept. G736 Drexel at 58th Street. Chicago 37, III.

You may ship me the Up-to-Date edition of your nine
big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery chargei
only, and If fully satisfied In ten days. I will send you
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In any
way unless 1 keep the books.

Name

Address

City State

Attach letter statlne age, occupation, employer'i name and
address, and name and address of at least one buslnest
man as reference. Men in lervice, also give home address.

thmtmeO SAW. FILER

Saves You Time, Money

expert saw filing ai
ol makes precisioa

Now you caa <

home. Lifetime

filing easy for e

enced. Two simple adjusi

it fit any type hand saw. Keep youf

saws extra sharp and true-cutting with

a Speed Saw Filer. Complete with file,

ready to use. Money back guarantee.

Cash with order, prepaid. (CO.D,

postage extra.)

THE SPEED COMPANY

Dept. A 2025 N.E. Sondy« Portland 12, Of,

ORDER TODAY!

HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY !

YOU OO THIS

E-Z Mark Butt Gauge

You get a clean cut deeply etched profile.

Remove chips. Kepeat operation on jamb.

Hang door. THAT'3 ALlr—

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AND GET THIS

• Hang more doors better.

• Noadjusttnents. No errors.

• Used and approved by Master
mechanics.

• Comes in 3i" and 4" (standard) sizes,

• Precision made.
Cost ONLY $1.75 ea., or $3.50 a set
at your hdw. store. If dealer cant sup-
ply, send only $1.00 with order and pay
postman balance, plus postage CO.D. In Can., $3.75 (noC.O.D.)

E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C. Los Angeles 16. Cil.

COMES WITH
lEATHEREHE CASI

FOR SECURE FASTENING

Look! How simple if is to hang fixtures on
walls and ceilings with Paine Spring Wing
Toggle Bolts. They're easy to install — drill
hole — slide wing end through — wings fly
open — tighten bolt for sturdy, solid an-
chorage. Saves time and labor.

INSERT

TIGHTEN

Send for free catalog on Paine Hanging
and Fastening Devices.

THE PAINE COMPANY

PAINE

FASTENING i\ t At i ft X
and HANGING U £ ¥ I VX J

2967 CARROLL AVE., CHICAGO 14, ILL.

$900

IN SPARE TIME

"I did very well last
year with my Foley
equipment, about 950
saws and 240 lawn
mowers, in my spare
time. About $900 for
me." L. H. M., New
York.

Carpenters Make up to $2 or $3 an hour in
Spare Time. With a Foley Automatic Sa-w
Filer you can file hand, band and circular
saws better than the most expert hand filer.
Cash business, no canvassing. No eyestrain,
no experience needed.

FREE BOOK

"INDEPENDENCE AFTER 40"

shows just how you
can start at home in
spare time, with small
investment, no
overhead, — and
develop into a
full - time repair
Bhop. Send coupon
today for this
practical plan.

SewC ^Mfo/ut^Pi^fi FREE BOOK

FOLEY MFG. CO., 1018-8 Foley Bldg.

Minneapolis 18, Minn.

Send FREE BOOK — "Independence After 40'

Name . ,
Address

Sciue7ftoHeU\

WITH 10-SECONO
BUDE CHANGE

SAVE

BY GETTING y^:

AN EXTRA ^:«''\
BIADE :^0^'

With a Carlson Rule, when
blade is accidentally damaged or
numerals become worn, you
don't have to buy a new rule.
Just get an extra blade and in-
sert it. In 10 seconds, a "new"
rule for V2 the cost!
Carlson & Sullivan, Inc.. Monrovia. Calll.

«^^Si» STEEL TAPE RULES

SAWCIAMP "' '

Speed Up Saw Fillngl

495

Money-Back
^^ Guarantee O

Money with or-
der, prepaid.
C O.D. postage extra
Grips entire length of saw a full 30 Inches. Attaches
or releases from work bench in only 15 seconds. Also can
be used for band saws. Made to last a lifetime. Sturdy,
all steel construction. Gripping edges ground to hold en-
tire length of saw true with no vibration.

THE SPEED CORPORATION
2025-A N.E. SANDY PORTLAND 12, ORE.

BE READY FOR
A BETTER JOB
AT BIGGER PAY

Thousands of

Trained Men

Will Be Needed

amerTcan school

Dept. B744, Drexel Ave. at 58th St., Chicago 37, III.
Send me FREE information about your special traininc
plan covering subjects checked below.

D Aehitecture & Building D Automotive Engineering
n Drafting and Design D Diesel Engineering

n Contracting

D Practical Plumbing

D Air Conditioning

n Refrigeration

D Electrical Engineering

D Mechanical Engineering

n Plastics Engineering

n Aviation D Radie

D Business Management

D High School Course$

riM?eeF) ^

for fine »ork

•• ALL THE BEST IDEAS of skilled workers in
wood for over 70 years have been built into
these Stanley Planes. Naturally they feel
right and work right, Stanley Tools, 163 Elm
Street, New Britain, Connecticut

THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD

[STANLEY]

Reg. U.S. Pat. OfF.

HARDWARE- HAND TOOLS ■ ELECTRIC TOOLS

No. 5 Plane

S^ Never goj
back to Hand
Sawing • • ■

Once YbuVe Usecf

^RCauswiT.orr.

>D[l 60

After you experience the
ease and speed with which
a MallSaw cross-cuts, rips
or angle cuts rough or
dressed lumber you will never be satisfied with
any other methods of sawing. Your MallSaw
will also cut metals and compositions, score
tile or concrete and groove mortar joints. It
can be converted into a table saw or shaper
as well. Larger models are also available.

Ask Dealer or Write for FREE Booklet.

MALL TOOL COMPANY

7751 South Chicago Ave., Chicago, 19, III.

AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides

4vois.$6

InsideTrade Information

for Carpenters, Builders. Join-
ers. Boilding Mechanics and all
Woodworkers. These Goides
give yoa the short-cut instruc-
tions that you want— including
new roethods, ideas, solutions,
plans, systems and money sav-
ing suggestions. An ea^y pro-
gressive course for the appren-
tice and student. A practical
daily helper and Quick Refer-
ence for the master worker.
Carpenters everywhere are us-
ing: these Guides as a Uelpioc
Hand to Easier Work, Better
Work and Better Pay. To get
this assistance for yourself.

Inside Trade Information On: ^fFEEEf^upoNbeiow.

How to use the steel square — How to file and

set saws — ^How to build lurniture — How to use

a miire box — How to use the chalk line — How

to use rules and scales — How to make joints- —

Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration

problems — Estimating strength of timbers — -

How to set girders and sills — How to frame

houses and roofs — How to estimate costs— How

to build houses, barns, garages, bimgalows, etc.

— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up

specifications — How to excavate — How to use

settings 12. 13 and 17 on the steel square — How

to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How

to build stairs — How to put on interior trim — ,

How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint

AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' free
trial. II OK I will remit $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 Is.paid.
•"Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfied.

Employed by-

CAR

# Adaptability to various architectural styles is one quality of
The "OVERHEAD DOOR" responsible for its wide selection. Built
for residential, commercial, and industrial use, this door contrib-
utes beauty to structures of any architectural design, modern or
traditional. Again, it is a leading choice because it gives years
of uninterrupted service. Every "OVERHEAD DOOR" is constructed
from rigorously tested materials to meet exact requirements. As
a result, durability and ease of operation year in and year out,
in any climate, are assured. Any "OVERHEAD DOOR" may be
manually or electrically operated.

TRACKS AND HARDWARE OF SALT SPRAY STEEL

MIRACLE WEDGE

OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION

NATrON-WiOE

SALES

INSTALLATION

SERVICE

• Hartford City, Indiana, U.S.A.

carpenter'

FOUNDED 1^81

O/Keial Publication et th*
UNITED BROTHERHOOD o/ CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

jttimmtMisStu»ti till I I'* '"'""Jiii
NOVEMBER, 1948

^n ^nxevitnn Jin&txtution

The first ThanksgiTing Day was bom of the hardships
and travail that surrounded those who first landed on
these shores. Today, 300 years later, we in America are
again facing troubled times. Much of the world is bitter
and bankrupt and embroiled in bloody strife. The forces
of greed and materialism are marshalling their forces for
an attack on all the human values that add up to the
Brotherhood of Man. On all sides, confusion and uncer-
tainty are growing.

Just as the Pilgrim Fathers, in their hour of greatest
need, turned to Thanksgiving Day as a source of inspira-
tion and hope, so, too, must we make this all-important
day a time for sober reflection and high resolve.

We have much indeed for which to be thankful. Our
land is broad and pleasant; our cities are fair and whole.
Individually and collectively let us resolve this Thanks-
giving Day, 1948, to spare no effort to keep them that
way. Let us all work for more tolerance, more under-
standing, and more cooperation throughout America and
the world.

IN A TABLE SAW

^^H&A8"=Saw

H & A has built iiito their new 8"
Tilting Ai'bor Saw all of the fcatui"es
cai-penters have been asking for . . .

• :MA-Ar>rOTH table — the largest
on any 8" saw to date — Avith
plenty of space to Avork on the big
20" X 27 ^2 " toj). Handles ripping
operations up to 34".

• ONE-PIECE, ROLLER-GLIDE
FEXCE extends full length of
table and rides easily on rollers.

• SHIFT-BLADE iHTER GUIDE
shifts for use on either side of the
saw blade. Exclusive H & A fea-
ture.

• TRIXDLE FI.OOR STAND pro-
vides steady support for sawing
and can be easily moved fi-oni
place to place by simply tilting the
saw onto its i-ollers.

• ITS STREA>nJNED DESIGN is

a beauty to behold . . . and is

rugged and functional enough to
withstand sti-enuous use.

Write for complete information TOD A Y.

^c^toft ^cutd /4«tden^<m

Established 1921

607 W. Kirkwood Street Fairfield. Iowa

fllllllllllll!llliii;il!l!llilll!i!!l!IIIIIIIHIIIIIIIII

niiillllllliillllillllliTIMTITir

A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.

PETER E. TERZICK, Editor

Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan -Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Established in 1881
Vol LXVIII— Xo. 11

IXDIAXAPOLIS, NOVEMBER, 1948

One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy

— Co nt ent s —

We Dare Not Let Down

With anti-labor legislation threatening to tear down everything organized labor has
built up through fifty years of struggle and sacrifice,, labor cannot afford to let down on
the political front. The need for intelligent, effective political action is greater now
than it has ever been. Consequently the fine political cooperation of the past year
must be maintained and even expanded.

The Bill of Rights

The time has come when the American people must choose between the destruction
caused by government parternalism and the security guaranteed by individual freedom
premised on the essential prerequisite, self-responsibility as expressed in the Bill of
Rights.

Unionism Again A Crime?

For many years in the early days of this nation any effort on the part of workers to
band together for mutual betterment was considered a serious crime. There are plenty
of indications that the Taft-Hartley Act may be ushering in a similar period.

Christ, The Carpenter

Christ was the first great trade unionist for what He really expounded was human
dignity free from exploitation, tyranny and injustice.

The Pauper Wage Plague

A progressive industrialist points out that the time has come for industry to look upon
workers as customers as v/ell as suppliers of labor to be bought at the cheapest possibe
price. He points out that underpaid workers offer no market for goods of any kind.

OTHER DEPARTMEXTS

Plane Go.ssip

Edltoi'ials

Official

In Menioriam

Corresj)ondence -

To the Ladies

Craft Problems -

12
24
31
32
33
37
41

Index to Advertisers

Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class mail matter, tinder Act of

Congress. Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.

CARPENTERS

BUILDERS and APPRENTICES

THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING

Learn at Home in Your Spare Time

The successful builder will tell you
that the way to the top-pay jobs and
success in Building is to get thorough
knowledge of blue prints, building con-
struction and estimating.

In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to
read blue prints — the universal language of the
builder — and understand specifications — for all
types of buildings.

You learn building construction details :
foundations, walls, roofs, windows and doors,
arches, stairs, etc.

MAIL COUPON NOW

Prepare for more pay, greater suc-
cess. Learn how to lay out and run
building jobs, how to read blue prints,
how to estimate building" costs. Prac-
tical training- with complete blue print
plans and specifications — same as used
by superintendents and contractors.
Over 44 years of experience in train-
ing practical builders.

INCREASE YOUR INCOME

FREE

Blue Prints
and Trial Lesson

CHICAGO TECHNICAL COLLEGE

TECH BLDG., 2000 SOUTH MICHIGAN AVE., CHICAGO 16, ILL.

Chicago Te<"hnical College

P-120 Tech Bldg., 2OO0 So, Michigan Ave,,

Chicago 16, 111.

Mail me Free Blue Print Plans and Booklet: "How to Read Blue Prints'
Avith information about how I can train at home.

Name Age

Address Occupation

City Zone State

of MEASURING

ACCURACY!

Me-chanics and craftsiuen vrill wel-
come Bi-ite-Blade's accuracy as Tvell as
its flashing wMte blade Avliich simpli-
fies reading. The chrome platted, zinc al-
loy case will take the toughest punish- f
ment with ease. You can get a Biite- |

1 .1

WOOD AND TAPE RUIIS

Blade at all good hardware stores or
building supply houses — or if you pre-
fer, use coupon.

MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC.

201 Main Street, White Plains, New York
Please send me

306W- 6 ff. Brite-Blade-STJS
308W- 8 ff. Brite-8lade-S1.9Q
310V/-10 ft. Br;fe-Blade-S2.25

My check for Money Orderj is enclosed.

NAME

ADDRESS-
CITY,

-STATE,

E-11

THE NEW

4 Quick SANDER

FOR ALL PORTABLE SAWS

SKILSAW. THOR. BLACK &. DECKER

VAN DORS, MALL. WAPPAT, SPEEDMATIC

BRADFORD, STANLEY, AND .MANY OTHER
POPULAR TYPE SAWS.

3915

SAW OR SAXDER in one minute

Do Your Sanding Faster — Better

With More Power

See Your Dealer or Order Direct From

QUICK SANDER SALES CO.

520 W. 15th ST., LONG BEACH, CALIF.

Full Length Roof Framer

A pockei size book with the EN-
TIRE length of Common-Hip-A'alley
and Jack rafters completely worked
our for you. The flattest pitch is ^2
incli rise to 12 inch run. Pitches in-
crease ^2 inch rise each time until
the steep pitch of 24" rise to 12"
run is reached.

There are 2400 widths of build-
ings for each pitch. The smallest
width is ^4 inch and they increase
H" each time until they cover a 50
foot building.

There are 24'!'0 Commons and 2400
Hip, Valley t .Jack lengths for each
pitch. 230,400 rafter lengths for 4S
pitches.

--V hip roof is 4S'-9^4" wide. Pitch
is 7-2 " rise to 12" run. You can pick
out the length of Commons. Hips and
Jacks j^- Qyj. ^nxTTTE
Let us prove it. or return your money.

Getting the lengths of rafters fay the span and
the method of setting up the tables is fully pro-
tected by the 1917 &. 1944 Copyrights.

Price S2.50 Postpaid. If C. O. D. pay S2.78.
Californians Add 6c. .Vonev back privilege.

A, RIECHERS

P. O. Box 405

PaJo Alto, Calif.

We Dare Not Let Down

By M. A. HUTCTIESON

First General Vice-President

INASMUCH as this issue of The Carpenter will have gone to press
several days prior to November 2nd, it is impossible at this writing to
predict how organized labor will make out in the election. Crj^stal
ball gazers and sample poll takers to the contrary, no one can tell on Octo-
ber 29th how the election will come out on November 2nd. Certainly I am
not going to attempt to analyze the election before it is held. On the
other hand, I do not think it is necessary to wait until the ballots are
counted to arrive at some fairly obvious conclusions.

Even before the citizens of America go to the polls, it is safe to say that
this election will not eliminate the need for aggressive political action
on the part of organized labor. I '-

sincerely hope that a substantial
number of reactionary anti-labor
Congressmen and State legislators
will be voted out of office by your
ballot and mine on November 2nd.
However, it is too much to hope
that all such law makers will be left
home. Some are certain to get back
into office because the vested inter-
ests are sparing neither time nor
money in their efforts to re-elect
their puppets. Added to these mo-
nopoly puppets will be the core of
hold-over anti-labor Senators who
are not up for re-election this year.
Combined, these two groups will
make a formidable anti-labor bloc
in Washington.

That the aim of this bloc is com-
plete annihilation of the labor move-
ment becomes clearer every day.
These anti-labor reactionaries pass-
ed the Taft-Hartley Act, but they
consider that only a starter. Labor
still has a few rights even under the
Taft-Hartley Law and until these
rights are completely wiped out the
Tories will never be satisfied. In

fact, Congressman Hartley, who
helped father the Taft-Hartley Act.
practically states so in a new book
which he has just completed. In
this book, Hartley hints at the legis-
lative program now being set up by
the a.nti-labor bloc. This program
includes re-writing of both the
Clayton Act and the Norris-La-
Guardia xA.ct. The Clayton Act,
which was passed over thirty years
ago, set forth that human labor is
not a commodity in commerce and
that therefore human labor cannot
be subjected to the Sherman Anti-
Trust Law. The Norris-LaGuardia
Act, passed in 1933, set forth that
labor disputes cannot be considered
as areas within which indiscrimi-
nate court injunctions can be justi-
fied, li these two acts are repealed,
labor unions can once more be per-
secuted as illegal combinations as
they were fifty years ago. and the
injunction can again become the em-
ployers' big stick in labor disputes.

Li the early days of this nation,
any concerted action on the part of

THE C A R P E X T E R

a group of employes to improve
their wages and working conditions
was considered a serious crime. Up
until the time the Clayton Act was
passed, this philosophy continued to
plague workers who believed they
might be entitled to more money
or better working conditions. Time
after time organizations of working
people have been slapped down by
the courts because the}' sought to
improve the lot of their members.
A return to those days is apparently
the aim of the anti-labor bloc in
Congress.

Similarly the injunction for gen-
erations strewed well nigh insur-
mountable obstacles in the pathway
of working people seeking improve-
ment in their wages and conditions.
Right up until passage of the Nor-
ris-LaGuardia Act in 1933, the in-
junction was a favorite and power-
ful weapon in the hands of unscru-
pulous and tight-fisted employers.
Thousands upon thousands of work-
ing men still active in the labor
movement can remember the injunc-
tion era that followed World War I.
Untold numbers of union officers
and union members had fines and
jail sentences slapped on them for
no crime other than seeking eco-
nomic justice for themselves and
their fellow workers. Noav the re-
actionaries in Congress want to
bring that era back by repealing
the Norris-LaGuardia Act.

Congressman Hartley, who is this
year retiring from public life, puts
the proposition this w'ay:

"T have but one regret in leaving
Congress. That regret is that the
Taft-Hartley Act doesn't complete
the job . . . set out to do in Xo-
vember, 1946. The Labor Manage-
ment Relations Act of 1947 (T-H
Act; was a great step forward but
does not completely discharge this
platform pledge.''

"Inasmuch as this problem will
be among the earlier legislative pro-
posals of the 8ist Congress. I be-
lieve a complete rewriting of the
Sherman. Clayton and Norris-La-
Guardia Acts might be the proper
approach.''

•£f -if ■:Sf.

From all this it should be clear
to all of us that the anti-labor bloc
in Congress is not satisfied Avith the
Taft-Hartley Act alone. Their real
aim is to hamstring and cripple the
labor movement to the point where
it is impotent, ineffective and noth-
ing more than a debating society.

The Taft-Hartle}' Act has made a
big step in this direction. In recent
weeks XLRB decisions have given
some indication of how^ vicious the
Taft-Hartley Act can really be. The
latest decisions, if generally accept-
ed, have all but knocked the very
props out from under unionism. I
refer to the NLRB decision on the
status of men on strike for eco-
nomic reasons, and the Board's
decision on picketing. In the for-
mer, the Board ruled that men
who go on strike for reasons
other than proved unfair labor prac-
tices lose their status as employes
if the company replaces them dur-
ing the strike. In other words, if
men go on strike for better wages
or working conditions, they cease
being employes of the company as
soon as the company replaces them
Avith "permanent" strike-breakers.
In the latter decision, the Board
held that any mass picketing, re-
gardless of how peaceful, is coer-
cive and therefore taboo under
the Taft-Hartley Law\ Under the
Board's findings, an emploAer is
within his rights in firing on the
spot any striking employe who par-
ticipates in a mass picket line.

Thus the Taft-Hartley Act strikes
at the verv heart of unionism. Than

THE CARPENTER

the right to seek legitimate im-
provements in wages and working
conditions, there is no more sacred
right to organized labor. If that
right is abridged or denied, then
the warp and the woof of the labor
movement is torn to shreds. The
Taft-Hartley Act does not deny
men the right to go on strike for
better wages or conditions, but ac-
cording to the interpretation placed
on the Act by the Board, every
scab and strike-breaker who re-
places a striker during such a strike
permanently assumes the rights and
privileges of the man he replaces.

The second most sacred right to
organized labor is the right to
peacefully picket an establishment
declared unfair. Now this right, too,
stands in serious jeopardy by the
Board's newest findings. The Board
rules that an employer can legiti-
mately discharge any striking em-
ploye who participates in a mass
picket line even though there is no
sign of violence or disorder on the
picket line. Since the Board does
not clearly define what constitutes
a "mass" picket line, it could pos-
sibly mean three pickets, two pick-
ets, or even one. In fact a Trial
Examiner recently voiced the opin-
ion that picketing of any kind is
coercive. Thus the entire right of
picketing hangs in the balance.

Still the National Association of
Manufacturers and the Congress-
men who wrote and passed the Act
try to tell us that the Act is favor-
able to working people. If the Taft-
Hartley Act is favorable to union
members, then termites are favor-
able to wooden buildings and tore-
dos are favorable to ocean piling
because they all do the same thing
— eat out the substance of the struc-
tures and leave merely the shell.
The NLRB ruling does not hit at
wildcat strikes or sympathy strikes,

or even jurisdiction strikes. It hits
at economic strikes where men are
legitimately trying to elevate their
lot. Similarly the picketing decision
does not strike at violent picket
lines or disorderly picket lines but
it strikes at any kind of effective
picket lines.

But as Congressman Hartley in-
dicated, the Taft-Hartley Act is
merely the beginning. Amendments
to make the Taft-Hartley Act more
vicious and new legislation to place
further handcuffs on organized la-
bor are in the offing so long as the
many anti-labor reactionaries still
in Congress remain there. And they
will remain there until the workers
of this nation really organize their
political strength and vote them all
out of office in favor of men who
understand and are in sympathy
with the working people of the na-
tion rather than the vested interests.

I sincerely hope and pray that the
labor vote does a good houseclean-
ing job on November 2nd. Yet re-
gardless of how good a job is done,
an even bigger job will remain. Con-
gress and man}^ state legislatures
will still be shot through and
through with anti-labor elements
which will have to be eliminated in
future elections. The vested inter-
ests are spending millions of dol-
lars a year in Washington and the
various state legislatures on lobby-
ing. These lobbyists exert a tre-
mendous amount of pressure with
their lavish spending and entertain-
ing. Fancy parties, huge campaign
donations, and even offers of public
relations jobs at fabulous salaries
are the bait lobbyists use on mem-
bers of Congress. Congressmen be-
ing grossly underpaid, the bait
is very luring — especially the job
oft'ers.

Against this sort of thing organ-
ized labor is powerless to compete.

THE CARPENTER

We do not have the money to hire
lobbyists at S50.000 and S75.000 a
vear. Neither can we offer Con-
gressmen jobs at five or six times
what they are making as represen-
tativ'es of the people. Neither can
Ave promise tremendous campaign
dc>na:io:i5 £t election time. From
the money angle we are licked from
the very start.

However, we do have one thing
in our favor — our voting strength.
A\ isely mobilized and judiciously
used, that is enough to counteract
all the money the vested interests
can raise. When we send to Con-
gress and our state legislatures men
of unquestionable integrit}^ who
place the common good above their
own self-interests, all the promises
of campaign donations and lucrative
job offers will mean nothing.

The day when organized labor
could sit back and ignore politics is
long since gone. The vested inter-
ests are too well organized polit-
ically and too strongly committed
to a program of destroying legiti-
mate unionism for us ever again to
be able to sit on the sidelines dur-
ing election time. Everything labor
has built up through struggle and
sacrifice during the last fifty years
is novi^ in jeopardy through anti-
labor legislation. AVe must meet the
challenge or go back to the days
when v.ages and w^^orking conditions
as well as prices were determined
by corporation officers.

I can honestly say that our Local
Unions, State and District Coun-
cils and Ladies'" Auxiliaries have
done a nne •''. dur-insr this cam-
paign. On behalf of the General
Officers and entire General Execu-
tive Board I v/ant to sincerely thank
all v,-ho v,-orked so hard on our
politic'h rT'-r'.ni. Now that we
have cur non-oartisan committees

set up and functioning, I think it is
imperative that we keep them going
with an eye to the elections in 1950.
It takes time to build up effective
political action. This year we "U'ere
able to give effective support to
many men who had the welfare of
the working people at heart. How-
ever, in some instances our choice
had to be confined to the lesser of
several evils. This was the case be-
cause no truly pro-labor men were
running.

To make our political program a
genuinely effective one, we must
start from the grass roots and
groom candidates on whom we can
depend. This takes time. It also
takes money. Therefore, I hope that
all our non-partisan committees will
continue functioning throughout the
next two years.

The vested interests with their
millions and their high-powered
lobbies are not letting down and we
certainly cannot afford to. It is
their money against our votes. AVe
can either put up a fight on the po-
litical front to save everything or-
ganized labor has built up in half a
hundred years, or we can knuckle
under to the vested interests. There
is no middle ground. In view^ of the
fine traditions of aggressiveness and
determination achieved by our
Brotherhood down the years, I
know our answer Avill be to fight.
That means keeping our non-par-
tisan committee active, keeping vol-
untary donations rolling in. and,
above all, keeping ever}- member in-
formed and alert as to dangers in-
volved in new labor legislation. Do-
ing these things is a big job. but it
was even a bigger job to build our
Brotherhood to its present prestige
and strength. Our forefathers did
their job; I am sure we can do ours
if each of us meets his personal
responsibilit}-.

The Bill of Rights

By Dean Russell

WHAT WAS THE REASON— the real reason— that caused those
early American patriots to distrust a federal government which
they were about to bring into existence? Why did the individual
citizens within the various sovereign states demand a bill of rights before
ratifying the Constitution? Wh}^ did statesmen of the caliber of Wash-
ington, Jefferson, Adams and Franklin wish to severely restrict the author-
ity of the central government and to strictly limit the power of its leaders?
There was a reason, a vital reason.

A reason that many present-day
Americans have forgotten. A rea-
son that, unless we relearn it will
surely mean the loss of personal
freedom and individual liberty for
all mankind.

Here it is: The power of govern-
ment is always a dangerous weapon
in any hands.

The founders of our government
were students of history as well as
statesmen. They knew that without
exception every government in re-
corded history had at one time or
another turned its power — its coer-
cive power as the police force —
against its own citizens — confiscat-
ed their property, imprisoned them,
enslaved them, and made a mockery
of personal dignity.

That was true of every type of
government known to mankind.
That was true regardless of how the
government leaders came to power.
It was true then as now — that gov-
ernment leaders elected by the peo-
ple frequently turn out to be the
worst enemies of the people who
elect them. Hitler was a recent ex-
ample. He was not the first ; he is
not likely to be the last.

It was for this reason that the
founders of the American Republic
introduced into that government the
only fundamental change that has
been made since s^overnment was

first formalized. It was a complete-
ly new idea.

AMiat was this new idea? Was it
the regular election of government
leaders by the people? As wise a
decision as that was, it was not
new. The Greeks, among others,
had used it.

Was it the wide dispersal of the
powers of government among fed-
eral, state and local units? An ex-
cellent system, but not new. It had
already proved of practical value in
France and other countries.

Was the American method ^of
government "checks and balances" a
new idea? It was a well-conceived
plan, but it was not original with
us. The British system of King,
Parliament and courts embodied the
same principles.

Here is the new idea: For the
first time in known history, certain
institutions and human relations
were to be outside the authority of
government. The government was
specifically forbidden to infringe
them or to violate them.

This was a revolutionary concept
of government. The idea of inalien-
able rights and individual freedom
had never before been incorporated
into any form of government. Never
before in all history had the people
said to the government, "Thou shalt
not." -Vhvavs the cfovernment had

THE C A R r E N T E R

been able to say to the people, "You
may, or you must." Heretofore,
g-overnment had granted freedoms
and privileges to the people. But
the Bill of Rights said in effect,
"We, the people are endowed by our
Creator with natural rights and
freedoms. The only reason for our
having a government is to protect
and defend these rights and free-
doms that we already have as indi-
viduals. It is sheer folly to believe
that government can give us some-
thing that already belongs to us."

These free people then listed in
their Constitution those specific
functions that they wanted govern-
ment to handle. Then they forbade
the government officials to do any-
thing not commanded of them in the
Constitution.

But even so the people were
afraid that the elected leaders of
the new^ government might misun-
derstand the ideals of human dig-
nity, of individual freedom, of the
proper functions of government. So,
as specific examples of what they
meant, the American people added
the Bill of Rights to the Constitu-
tion. It might be better called a
Bill of Prohibitions against govern-
ment. It is filled with such phrases
as "Congress shall make no law . . .".
the right of the people . . . shall not
be infringed ..." The right of the
people . . . shall not be violated ..."

These inalienable and individual
rights — these institutions and hu-
man relations that government was
specifically forbidden to restrict or
violate — include freedom of wor-
ship, free speech and a free press,
the right to assemble together, the
sanctity of person and home, trial
by jury, the right to life, liberty
and the private ownership of prop-
erty.

Finally, to make al)S(Tlutelv sure
that no government official could

possibly misinterpret his position
as servant rather than master, the
people added two more blanket re-
strictions against the federal gov-
ernment. The Bill of Rights speci-
fies that "The enumeration ... of
certain rights shall not be construed
to den}- . . others retained by the
people." And, "The powders not dele-
gated to the United States b}- the
Constitution . . . are reserved to the
States ... or to the people."

It was this philosoph}^ of individ-
ual freedom and individual respon-
sibility— reflected in the Bill of
Rights — that attracted to this coun-
try millions of persons from the gov-
ernment-oppressed peoples of Eu-
rope. They came here from every
country in the world. They repre-
sented ever}'' color, every race, and
every creed. They were in search
of personal freedom, not govern-
ment-guaranteed "security." And as
a direct result of the individual
freedom specified by the Constitu-
tion and the Bill of Rights, they
earned the greatest degree of secur-
ity ever enjoyed by any people any-
where.

Those new Americans swelled the
tide of immigrants by writing the
praise of freedom in their letters to
relatives and friends who still lived
in the countries with strong central
governments, with one-man rule,
with government ownership of the
means of production, with govern-
ment-guaranteed "security," with
public housing and state-controlled
education.

The letters read, in effect, "Here
the government guarantees you
nothing except life, liberty and the
right to own whatever you have j
honestly acquired. Here you have
the personal responsibility that goes
with individual freedom. There is
no law or custom that prevents you
from rising as high as you are able.

THE CARPENTER

You can associate with anyone, who
wishes to associate with you. Here
in America you can do as you please
as long as you do not violate the
rights of other persons to do as they
please. These rights are all record-
ed in the American Constitution and
the Bill of Rights. The same docu-
ments specify that two-thirds of the
people must be in agreement before
these rights can be taken away. Of
course, that means they will never
be repealed. It is foolish to imagine
that the people will ever voluntarily
give up their freedom."

Such letters would not be com-
pletely true today, because that
freedom is gradually being lost.
But the "progressive" laws and
"popular" court decisions of recent
years are not primarily responsible
for it. Freedom is seldom lost by a
direct vote on the subject. In our
case, it just seems to be seeping
away. The Bill of Rights still exists
on paper, but the spirit that caused
it to be written is disappearing.
When that spirit is completely
gone, the written words will mean
nothing.

P Thus it behooves us to inquire
why that spirit is now weak, and
how it can be revived.

B No one person is responsible for
sapping that spirit o,f individualism.
No one political party is to blame.
The people are as responsible as the
elected and appointed leaders. It
is we the people who seem to have
forgotten that freedom and respon-
sibility are inseparable. It is we the
people who are discarding the con-
cept of government that brought
forth the Constitution and the Bill
of Rights.

In short, few of us seem to want
to keep government out of our per-
sonal affairs and responsibilities.
Many of us seem to favor various

types of government-guaranteed
and compulsory "security." We say
that we want personal freedom, but
we demand government housing,
government price controls, govern-
ment-guaranteed jobs, and wages.
We boast that we are responsible
persons, but we vote for candidates
who promise us special privileges,
government pensions, government
subsidies and government electric-
ity.

Such schemes are directly con-
trary to the spirit of the Bill of
Rights. Our heritage is being lost
more through weakness than
through deliberate design. The Bill
of Rights still shines in all its splen-
dor, but many of us are looking in
another direction. Many of us are
drifting back to that old concept of
government for security. Many of
us are no longer willing to accept
individual responsibility. Yet per-
sonal freedom cannot exist without
individual responsibility that is the
responsibility for one's own wel-
fare,.

Thus the American people are on
the verge of a final decision. The
choice is between the destruction
caused by government paternalism,
and the securit}^ insured by individ-
ual freedom premised on its essen-
tial prerequisite, self responsibility,
as expressed in the Bill of Rights.
There is no other choice.

As it must, the choice rests with
each of us as individual x\mericans.
No one can tell us what to think or
do. No one should. To do so would
be a violation of both the spirit and
the words of the Bill of Rights. As
responsible persons, each of us has
the privilege and the obligation to
pursue what each considers to be
the right course of action. But above
all, before we act, let us understand
the meaninsf of our actions.

LAN-^

SIP

AI.L. THE S.13IE

Some time ago considerable furore
■was created -^-lien an investigation dis-
closed that some Brass Hats in ttie
Army and Xavy were running wliat
amounted to a "disability" racket. High
ranking officers got themselves declared
"disability" cases by service doctors and
thereby made themselves eligible for
higher pensions than they -would get
under regular retirement plan "which is
based on permanent rank and length of
service. Reforms "were supposed to be
forthcoming at the time the situation
vras uncovered, but according to reliable
sources, the practice is still going on;
Brass Hats are getting themselves de-
clared "disabled" and moving into the
clover "Without much trouble.

Which somehow brings to mind the
story about the English tavern in which
a furious debate regarding the new
closing hour regulations was going on.
Most felt that 10 p.m. was too early to
close pubs. Only one fellow kept sup-
porting the new curfew regulations. His
was a losing battle. Finally he blurted
out:

"Well, wot I sez is this; if a bloke
ain't drunk by 'alf past ten, 'e ain't
tryin'."

"For goodness sake, stop reading to
me about the unhappy rich people!"

THE KEAL ^lEAXIXG OF MARRIAGE

The day before payday, Mrs. Paup
was doing some shopping at the gro-
cery. Prices being what they are, she
soon found herself in a dilema; whether
to buy butter or weiners with the money
she had left. When telling her philo-
sophical husband about it, he found it
very amusing. When pressed for his
unseemly mirth, he replied:

"Xow I know what the minister
talked about when he married us. What
he really said was "for butter or for
wurst."

• • •

A LOXG PROPOSITIOX

The special session of Congress passed
a housing bill of sorts. About all it does
is increase government guarantees for
mortgage owners. The risk has been
all but eliminated but the interest rate
on mortages has been left unchanged;
which makes the bill a fine thing for
everyone except the veteran tiwing to
buy a home. The veteran who longs to
buy a home these days reminds us of
the story Will Rogers used to tell about
himself.

"When I was a kid," the great cow-
boy humorist used to say, "I yearned to
wear long pants, and I've certainly got
my wish. If there's anyone in this coun-
trj' who wears his pants longer than I
do, I'd like to see him."

• • •

IT see:ms that way

I"n an oral examination in one of the
Chicago grade schools last Spring, the
examiner asked a third grader if the
world Avas round.

"Xo," replied the lad.

"Is it flat?"

"Xo."

"If it isn't round and it isn't flat, then
what is it?" continued the examiner.

"Please sir," replied the lad, "Daddy
says it's crooked."

We never did learn whether or not
the lad got a passing garde, but after
reading the headlines for a few days one
hardly questions the lad's answer.

THE CARPENTER

THE WAY IT SEEMS

The following item was sent in by a
reader. At tax time and at various
other times when the load becomes
heavy, it almost seems as if the balance
sheet is correct.

CONFIDEXTIAL

Democrats and Republicans — (Only)
Take Notice

Balance Sheet — (Certified)
Year ended November 29, 19 48

Population of the U. S 135,000,000

People 65 years or Older 37,000,000

Balance left to do the work_ 98,000,000
People 18 years or younger 54,000,000

Balance left to do the \vork_ 44,000,000
People working for the Gov-
ernment 21,000,000

Balance left to do the work_ 23,000,000
People in Armed Services 10,000,000

Balance left to do the work_ 13,000,000
People in State and City

offices 12,800,000

Balance left to do the work_ 200,000
People in hospitals and in-
sane asylums 126,000

Balance left to do the work_ 74,000
Bums and others who won't

work 62,000

Balance left to do the work_ 12,000

Persons in jail 11,998

Balance left to do the work_ 2

TAVO

You and I
And you'd better get a wiggle on . . . I'm
getting awfully danged tired of running
this country alone.

• • •

THERE'S A CATCH TO IT

For many weeks now daily papers
have been running fancy cartoons show-
ing how beautifully the Taft-Hartley
Act is working out for the wage earn-
ers of the nation. Under each cartoon
there is a line of type telling how over-
whelmingly American workers are in
favor of the law. What the papers
never tell is who is paying the bills for
the cartoons and buying the space in
the papers.

SOUXH ADVICE

At the recently held annual confer-
ence of the New York Library Associa-
tion, some 500 delegates received some
sound advice relative to advancing their
economic welfare. Judge Hubert Delany
of the New York City domestic relations
court told the librarians:

"You should stop being what we call
'respectable.' You have a professional
job to do, but you are not paid enough.
Until you get a union j^ou will get no-
where."

Like school teachers and several
other professional groups, librarians
have long been overworked and under-
paid. For too many years the emphasis
has been on respectability rather than
on decent pay. The advice of Judge De-
laney to the New York librarians is
something not only librarians but teach-
ers and other underpaid professional
workers as well ought tc be considering
seriously.

The most eloquent testimony regard-
ing the plight of librarians that has yet
come to our attention is a letter of resig-
nation that a certain Philippine library
received a few years back. It read:

"Dear Sir. I have the honor to re-
signate as my work are many and my
salary are few. Besides which my super-
vising boss are making many loving to
me to which I only reply, 'Oh not! Oh,
not!''

"Very respectfully,

"Josephina."

".Vo doubt George ^ya^l^ington did
throw it across the Potomac, in those
days a dollar went farther."

UNIONISM AGAIN A 'CRIME'?

Sinister Pre-Injunction Tendency Reappears

By J. ALBERT WOLL and HERBERT S. THATCHER
• *

GREAT deal has been written and said concerning the marked
tendency in the field of labor legislation, both state and federal,
to return to the era of "government by injunction."
In the forty or fifty years preceding the passage of the Norris-La-
Guardia Act (an act greatly restricting the power of the federal courts to
issue injunctions in labor disputes), the labor injunction was the employ-
er's favorite weapon to break or defeat such concerted activities as strik-
ing, picketing or boycotting for the
purpose of furthering or bettering
working conditions. And it is true
that, with the Taft-Hartley Act and
the mass of anti-labor laws passed
in over thirty states during the last
year, the weapon of the labor in-
junction has to a large extent been
restored to the employer.

Indeed, under the Taft-Hartley
Act the federal government, acting
through the National Labor Rela-
tions Board, serves gratuitously as
agent for the employer.

But there is another and a greatly
more sinister and dangerous ten-
dency which has appeared in the
labor laws recently passed by both
federal and state legislatures, and
that is the tendency to return to the
more ancient period preceding even
"government by injunction" when
labor relations were governed by
criminal statutes and when efiforts
by workers, acting concertedly
through labor unions to protect and
advance their economic interests,
were defeated by making such ac-
tivities crimes punishable by fine
and imprisonment.

Thus, in the early labor laws ef-
fective in England — whence to a
great extent this country drew its
common law concepts of justice — it

was a crime from medieval times
until as late as 1824 for laborers or
craftsmen, either individually or
concertedly, to demand increases in
wages or reduction in hours, and
this even though no strike was
threatened. Until 1871 it was a crime
to threaten a strike in England, and
until 1875 it was a crime peaceably
to picket or boycott. Such "crimes"
were punishable very drastically —
in some instances by death.

In this country the early attitude
of the law toward attempts by
workers to better their conditions
was best exemplified by the famous
case of the Philadelphia Cordwain-
ers, decided in 1806. There, the
court, accepting fully the old Eng-
lish doctrines, held that a mere
combination of employes to raise
their wages was a criminal conspir-
acy punishable as a felony. This
doctrine was followed by the courts
of this country for the next twenty-
five years ; as late as 1835 the high-
est court of New York expressly
stated that combinations to raise
wages were criminal under the com-
mon law.

In 1842 this development was tem-
porarily arrested by the important
decision of the Massachusetts Su-

THE CARPENTER

preme Court in Commonwealth ver-
sus ITunt, wherein that court, by a
very technical construction of an
indictment for combination to raise
wages, held that such combination
did not constitute a crime. At any
rate, criminal prosecutions a,s:ainst
workers' combinations languished
considerably from 1842 until the
Civil War. but after the Civil War
the anti-labor elements again came
boldly to the front with a wave of
anti-strike and anti-union criminal
legislation passed in the various
states.

For instance, the so-called Black
Law of Illinois prohibited prevent-
ing persons from working at any
lawful business on any terms they
saw fit and made criminal all com-
binations seeking to deprive own-
ers of the lawful use or management
of their property. Where states fail-
ed to pass such criminal statutes,
the courts of the state once more
held similar combinations criminal
at common law.

This tendency was heightened by
the IMoll}^ ]^Iaguire episodes of the
1870s and the railroad strike of 1877,
at which time additional anti-labor
criminal laws w^ere passed in the
states, and many prosecutions for
criminal conspiracy took place. The
same railroad strike of 1877, how^-
ever, g-ave rise to the practice of
breaking strikes through injunctive
decrees, and thereafter employers
relied primarily on this new remedy
rather than the more ponderous and
time-consuming means of indict-
ment for criminal conspiracy.

From 1880 on, there was little use
of criminal doctrines as a means of
intimidating attempts to organize
and of defeating attempts, through
strikes and picketing, to obtain bet-
terment in wages, hours and work-
ing conditions. Even the vicious
anti-labor surge of the early 1920s

did not give rise to any extended
use of criminal sanctions against or-
ganized labor.

The federal and state laws passed
in the last several years have, how-
ever, gone a long way toward turn-
ing the clock back to the days of the
Cordwainers' case and earlier and
to revive the ancient practice of in-
timidating organized labor and de-
feating its efforts through the use
of criminal processes.

Even a summary survey of the
labor laws recently passed by both
the federal and various state legis-
latures compels the conclusion that
there has been instituted a concerted
attempt to revive the weapon of
criminal prosecutions against or-
ganized labor as a means of prevent-
ing labor from achieving its legiti-
mate objectives.

Thus, in the field of federal legis-
lation the Lea Act (Anti-Petrillo
Act) makes it a crime, punishable
by a year in prison or a fine of
Siooo, or both, for any labor organ-
ization functioning in the broad-
casting field to strike or picket in
support of a request that an employ-
er emplo}' "any person or persons in
excess of the number of employes
needed by such licensee (employer)
to perform actual services."

The implications of such a prohi-
bition are obvious. Any demand to
lighten a work-load deemed exces-
sive by a labor organization chosen
to represent employes, any attempt
to combat installation of a Bedaux
or speed-up system, an}' attempt to
spread an existing w^ork-load in
times of unemployment, might very
well be deemed criminal acts.

If Congress can apply such a re-
striction to the broadcasting indus-
try, it can also do so to the truck-
ing' industry, the steel industry, the
coal industry, the textile industry

T H E c A K r l: n t e r

or any other industry functioning- in
interstate commerce.

Even if the prohibitions in the
Lea Act were eventually to be nar-
rowly limited b}' the courts, still,
in the interim, organized labor in
the broadcasting field must seek to
function with the threat of crim-
inal indictment constantly hanging
over its head in respect to many of
its traditional acti\ities, and its ef-
fectiveness as a representative of
employes is greatly diminished by
the mere existence of the statute,
regardless of how it may eventually
be construed or narrowed.

Then there are the threats latent
in the Hobbs Act, under w'Jiich
there is the constant possibilit}^ that
any labor activity in the transpor-
tation field which is not conducted
w'ith silk gloves and a top hat may
be construed as a threat of extor-
tion punishable as a felony.

Finally, under the Taft-Hartley
i\ct additional criminal sanctions
against unions are involved. The
payment of any money or thing of
value b}* an employer to a union is
made a ieXony. While the act ex-
empts payments which represent
compensation for services, there is
no telling what customary payments
other than wage payments may be
considered unlawful under this pro-
hibition. In any event, the check-
off, in the absence of voluntary, in-
dividual assignments, is prohibited,
as are health and welfare fund bene-
fits except to the extent defined
under the law, and the definition,
while broad, does not and could not
possibly embrace all traditional sit-
uations.

Further, the act prohibits, under
penalty of $5,000 fine for the labor
organization and Siooo fine or a
year in jail, or both, for an ofticer
thereof, the making of political
contributions or expenditures, and

this prohibition has been construed
Ijy one author of the act to include
statements in union publications on
behalf of or against a federal polit-
ical candidate.

Turning now to the cirminal laws
in the field of labor relations passed
by the various states, we find as
follows:

Delaware has made any striking
or picketing activity by any minor-
ity group of employes a crime, and
this regardless of the merits of the
dispute between the minority group
and the employer. Futher, it is
made a crime for union members to
refuse to handle or work on non-
union goods. It is likewise made a
crime to engage in an}^ so-called
secondary picketing or boycotting
as against customers or suppliers
of unfair employers. It is made a
crime to engage in a so-called slow-
down strike. Indeed, it is a crime
"to engage in an3" concerted effort
to interfere w4th production except
by leaving the premises in an order-
ly manner for the purpose of going
on strike."

Delaware has extended the provi-
sions of the Lea Act so as to make
it a crime for any labor organiza-
tion, in an}' industry w'ithin the
state, to demand that an emploA'er
hire any employes "not required by
the employer or necessary for the
work of the employer." It is made
a crime in Delaware for union mem-
bers, by "threats," to interfere with
any person in his "right to work."
It is a crime in Delaware to seek any
check-off agreement, even though
all the employes involved may have
voluntarily consented to the check-
off arrangement.

Delaware has even gone so far as
to impose criminal prohibtions upon
the internal operations of unions.
It is a crime to charge an initiation
fee in excess of $25.00. All agents

THE CARPENTER

and representatives, in addition to
all officers of unions, must be elect-
ed annually; unions no longer have
the power to hire business agents or
other representatives as do corpo-
rations or, for that matter, any other
group, business or otherwise. Un-
ions are prohibited from requiring
any work permit, even in appren-
ticeship situations. Unions are not
to operate or conduct any unem-
ployment or placement service. Vio-
lations of any of the foregoing pro-
hibitions are punishable by fine and
imprisonment.

While Delaware has not 3^et in-
voked the death penalty, it has cer-
tainly gone a long way toward re-
storing the conditions which con-
fronted workers in the Middle Ages
when seeking to improve their
wages, hours and working condi-
tions.

The State of Texas has gone al-
most as far. For instance, it is made
a felony for any person to "inter-
fere with" any public utility in
Texas. That this prohibition might
very well be deemed to include
something other than willful dam-
age or sabotage is seen from the fact
that peaceful picketing of a utility
is prohibited and made enjoinable
if the picketing has the effect of
disrupting the operation of the
utility. Interference, as by picket-
ing, is flatly prohibited without re-
gard to whether the government
may or may not have taken over the
utility as a means of settling the
dispute, or whether any arbitration
proceedings, compulsor}^ or other-
wise, have been instituted.

Texas has also made it a crime to
picket any business by more than
two pickets within fifty feet of any
other pickets. Texas has amended
its anti-trust laws so as to bring la-
bor organizations within them and
make them guilt}^ of various "con-

spiracies in restraint of trade,"
among which are "conspiracies" be-
tween two or more persons to re-
fuse to work on non-union goods or
to engage in so-called secondary
boycotts and secondary picketing
against customers and suppliers.

To make doubly certain that sec-
ondary activity directed against
customers and suppliers, or any ac-
tivity involving a refusal to handle
or work on non-union or unfair
goods or materials, is made crim-
inal, the state passed another stat-
ute in addition to amending the pe-
nal provisions of the Texas anti-
trust laws so as to make such so-
called secondary activity a crime.
Indeed, the statute supplementing
the state anti-trust laws goes so far
as to prohibit, under threat of crim-
inal punishment, any striking or
picketing, however peaceful, en-
gaged in by any group of employes
less than a majority of the employes
of any particular employer. In
other words, as in Delaware, all
minority striking and picketing is
made a crime.

Finally, in Texas as in Delaware,
the issuance or use of work permits
by labor organizations, no matter
how traditional or necessary the
practice may have been, is made a
crime. Alabama has a similar crim-
inal law against the use of work
permits.

In addition to Delaware and
Texas, both Florida and Colorado
outlaw strikes and picketing unless
agreed to by a majority vote, and
thus attempts by minorities to pro-
test against grievances, no matter
how justified, are made criminal.
Colorado, Missouri and South Da-
kota also prohibit, under threat of
fine and imprisonment, all so-called
secondary boycotts and picketing
and refusal to handle or work on
non-union gfoods or materials.

THE C A R P E X T E R

In addition to Texas, the follow-
ing" states forbid striking or picket-
ing" in connection with the operation
of a public utility once that utility
has either been taken over by the
state following- a labor dispute, or
once the process of compulsory ar-
bitration, as prescribed by state law,
has commenced : Florida. Michigan,
Mississippi. Nebraska. New Jersey
and \'irginia. In some of these
states the term "public utility"' is
so broadly defined as to include the
operation of any business deemed
vital to the public interest, includ-
ing the transportation industry-.

A number of states have passed
criminal laws prohibiting an}^ per-
son from preventing anyone, by
"threats" or '"intimidation." from
engaging in any vocation or calling,
or from interfering w^ith the em-
ployment of any person. In this
category are Arkansas. Louisiana.
Mississippi, Xorth Dakota, South
Dakota and Texas. The statutes are
usually so broadh' worded as to
make possible an indictment be-
cause of a strike which interferes
with an}' person's emplo^rnent, or
an indictment because of any organ-
ized activity deemed to be intimida-
tory even though no actual violence
may be involved.

Finally, seven states have made it
a crime for any labor organization
to enter into a closed-shop, union-
shop or any other type of union
security agreement with an employ-
er, and this even though the em-
ployer and all the employes in-
volved might be perfectly willing
and, indeed, anxious to enter into
the agreement. These states are:
Arkansas, Georgia, Iowa, Nebraska,
North Carolina, South Dakota and
Tennessee.

From the foregoing it is more
than obvious that there has devel-
oped in this countrv in the last few

years a decided trend toward inter-
vening in labor-management dis-
putes by means of criminal laws di-
rected against labor organizations
and their members. Such a trend is
deplorable, not only because of its
manifest injustice and inequity, but
because it denotes a destructive
rather than constructive concept of
the function of government in the
field of labor relations.

Certainly if the goal to be
achieved in this field is constructive
cooperation instead of defensive
sparring as between management
and labor, that goal has been ren-
dered almost impossible of achieve-
ment by a philosophy which places
one of the would-be cooperators in
the category of a criminal.

Even aside from the direct effect j
of such criminal laws in weakening |
organized labor, the resentment en-
gendered b}' the mere passage of
such laws must inevitably operate
to catise a deterioration rather
than an improvement in emploAer-
emploj'e relationships.

Is organized labor to be expected
to engage in collective bargaining
under the policeman's club or in
collective action under a svrord of
Damocles ?

At the very least, the present
trend of state and federal legisla-
tion in the criminal field offers a
pervasive threat to all concerted la-
bor activity, and, at the worst, it
constitutes an astonishing reversion
to the medieval days when attempts
by workingmen to achieve a better-
ment in their conditions were re- |
garded by the state as criminal. *

In any view, the approach to
solving the problems of our TAven-
tieth Century' industrial society
by way of criminal legislation in
the field of labor relations is inde-
fensible The Federationist,

CducatiOHcU and PolUical Jl€€Uj44A

193 EXCHANGE STREET, BANGOR, MAINE

TELEPHONe 7438

September 30, 1948

WlUiam L, Hutches on, President
United Brotherhood of Carpenters and

Joiners of America
Carpenters Bldg,
822 E. Michigan Street
Ind-ianapolis , Indiana

Dear Sir and Brother:

Now that Labor's great battle in Maine is over and
we have been victorious over the Barlow Bill and the Tabb
Bill in the September general election, I want to convey
to you and to the International our gre'at sense of grati-
tude for the splendid support - both moral and financial •
which you and your membership extended.

Throughout our campaign against these anti-labor
proposals our great bulwark wets the Carpenters, I would
not minimize the splendid support that all of our affiliates
gave, for there were some smaller locals that exhausted
their treasuries to help us carry on, but throughout the
fight, and when the opposition - apparently with unlimited
funds with "wiiich to oppose us - attempted to overwhelm us,
it was invariably the Carpenters who came through. To top
it all, they made a magnificent contribution to the organi-
zation effort which was the "pay-off".

If we in Maine were able to point the way to other
states which are faced with anti-labor laws, if we have be-
come united and determined as we never have been before, if
we convinced every organized worker of the tremendous strength
he possesses in his organization, we can be grateful to you
and to the International for making that possible.

There is no adequate way in which I can fully express
the warm feeling of gratitude our membership feels toward
the International. I can only say "thank you" and repeat
that we shall always remember the splendid support you gave.

Fraternally yours,

B,J. 4D8rs^ /

Chairman

OEITJ-6

AFL-W

Christ The Carpenter

By Bei-iiard Rose, K. C.

WHEX WE READ the Sermon on the ]\Iount. which as literature ■
breathes a nobility that enables us to appreciate the character of
the Saviour, we begin to understand why His teachings still
influence a goodly portion of mankind. If what the Sermon teaches and
enjoins was part of our every day mioral code, there would be little poverty,
less crime, and a higher sense of human brotherhood.

Christ saw deep into the hearts of men. What He counselled was not
only practical but necessary to man's economic and social salvation. Since
He urged His apostles, belonging to the union of twelve of which He was
the Head, to go forth into the world

and preach the Gospel, He has every
right to the claim and title of being
the world's tirst and greatest labor
leader. He believed and acted upon
the principle, that unless men unite
for their common good, there will be
no peace on earth. Wars and other
human tragedies bear witness to the
truth of His precepts in all that re-
lates to the welfare of mankind. In
the carrying out of His mission. He
was subjected to persecution, indig-
nities and, finally, made the supreme
sacrifice which, for two thousand
years, stands out as the sublimest
and most powerful example of a
willingness to die in order that
others be saved.

Christ was a trade unionist in the
finest sense of the term, since His
supreme desire was to benefit his
fellowmen and women without com-
pensation or the expectation of
thanks.

The '"Golden Rule"" vrhich he
enunciated and affirmed on every
occasion, where men and women are
sincere, is not difficult of applica-
tion. It is the real basis of not only
Christianitv, but everv relio"ion or

creed that is practiced in order that
men may conform to ideals that
bring them nearer to the Deity.

The early labor leaders, during
the pre^ent and previous centuries,
inspired by His example and Gos-
pel, sufiiered as He did in persecu-
tion and imprisonment. A\'e have
only to recall the brutal sentences
inflicted on the Todpuddle martyrs
to realize that because these coura-
geous men sought to improve the
economic and social lot of their
fellow-workers. the\- were accused
of a serious offense and condemned
to transportation beyond the seas.

The pioneers of the labor move-
ment had to fight against and over-
come what at first appeared to be
overwhelming odds. They perse-
vered with a doggedness character-
istic of the early missionaries to
barbaric tribes. Because of their
courage, unselfishness, and sacrifice,,
millions of workers today enjoy al
higher standard of living and are noj
longer looked down upon as serfs!
or chattels, but human beings en- 1
titled to the best that an enlightened
democracv can g-ive them.

THE CARPENTER

The first members of the union
which Christ founded are venerated
as saints: with one excei:)tion. they
were true to the ideals of the Mas-
ter. Their disciples and followers
went forth into many lands and not
only converted the heathen, but
others practicising savage rites and
creeds to the Christian conception
of conduct and faith.

Christ, we are told, worked as a
carpenter. He was undoubtedly a
splendid craftsman. After He ceased
occupying- himself as an artisan He
eloquently preached to the sick,
fallen, and the lonely. He made no
distinction because of class or
wealth. To him, all men were broth-
ers and all women sisters.

Every trade union becomes a tem-
ple of Christ since at its meetings
and within the walls in which they
are held, tribute, conscious!}^ or un-
consciously is paid to Him, when
those present rise to discuss griev-
ances and the improvement of their
economic lot. Christ was not afraid
to denounce injustice; not even the
powerful in the Holy City could in-
fluence Him against what He decid-
ed was right and should be said. He
drove the money changers from the
Temple since in His view, they were
not engaged in honest labor. Even
Pontius Pilate, the Roman Governor
of Jerusalem, could find no fault
with him since He had committed no
offense calling for punishment by

the state. Those who revere His
memory and heed His teachings can
be called true Christians, regardless
of whether they pay lip service to
the rituals of the several churches.

Were He on earth today, Christ
would battle as He then did against
tyranny, exploitation and injustice.
As a fighter for human rights, He
would be entitled to membership in
every labor organization throughout
the American continent and in other
lands. It is only when we discuss
social justice that we appreciate the
teachings of the Divine trade union-
ists making it possible to conclude
agreements fair to both employer
and employee.

Christ did not, because of His
sense of justice, tolerate practices
that justify the criticism of employ-
ers. He believed in a fair day's
work for a fair day's pay. He made
no distinction between the sexes in
the matter of recognition and wage
payments. He believed with all the
might of His noble soul in the bro-
the-rhood of men. He taught and
exemplified this since He was com-
manded by His Father.

The trade union movement that
regardless of affiliation, admits to
its ranks men of all races and faiths,
is essentially Christian since it en-
deavors to carry out the commands
of its first Founder, Christ the Car-
penter.

15,000 See Films Showing Brotherhood In Action

Up to October 1st, the two short movie films, "This is our Brotherliood" and
"The Carpenters Home," produced under authorization of the General Executive
Board, have been shown some eighty-seven times. Approximately 15,00 0 members
have been present at these showings.

These films are available to Local Unions and Councils without charge. They
show the General Office in action and the magnificent home for aged members at
Lakeland, Florida. Various film magazines have praised them lavishly as being
masterpieces of their kind.

Inquiries regarding the films should be addressed to: Maurice A. Hutcheson,
First General Vice President, 222 E. Michigan, Indianapolis, Ind. Films are loaned
out on a "first come — first served" basis. Interested unions should act promptly.

The Pauper -Wage Plague

By MARTIN A. DILLMON
•

ORGAXIZED labor's long, hard, so far unsuccessful eftort to have
Cong-ress increase the present shamefully inadequate minimum of
forty cents an hour under the Federal Wage-Hour Act has received
encouragement from one of the nation's outstanding industrialists. De-
spite all-out Labor backing, a bill to raise the minimum to S.65 an hour
remains frozen in the Congressional refrigerator at Washington.

Robert Wood Johnson, president of Johnson & Johnson, likely the
largest manufacturer of surgical dressings in the world, has come out
strong for a minimum of S.S/^ an hour, or a floor of S35.00 a week.
I^ast year, more than 9.000,000 urban ■ —

workers received less than S35.00 a
week, Mr. Johnson says. The in-
human tragedy of it all is readily
apparent considering the fact that
some of the nation's largest families
of children are found in humble
working men's homes.

pay that bill at the source would
be far less costly. It also would
turn millions of today's "unfortun-
ates" into free, self-reliant people,
ready and able to fill their niches in
societv."

Every pauper-wage employer is
Inadequate wage levels, at worst, an unfair competitor with employ-

!Mr. Johnson asserts, mean '"hard-
ship verging on destructoin for 60
per cent of our people, in addition
to the unemployed and their mil-
lions of dependents." He adds : "At
best, which is seldom achieved, these
figures mean privation for 2J per
cent, plus the unemployed." Low
wages, he vociferates, are no bar-
gain I He backs his contention in
a very convincing manner with the
following logic:

'"W hat is the sense of paying sub-
standard wages, only to meet the
rest of our bill by taxation and
charity? There is colossal waste
in channeling money to the poor
through governmental bureaus;
there is waste, though not as much,
when we use private agencies. To

ers and industries that pay decent
wages. ^Ir. Johnson points out and
adds the blunt statement : "The em-
ployer who willfully underpays his
workers is a parasite upon his
neighbors who meet their labor bills
in full."

Opposition to the micager forty-
cent hourly minimum when the
W'age-Hour Law was enacted came
largely from Southern manufact-
urers, who contend that workers"
living costs in the South are less
than their Xorthern fellow - wage
earners. To that. Mr. Johnson re-
plies : "'"Since it is better to be liberal
than to chisel, why not decide that
all financial advantages of location
should accrue to the workers? If
thev are real, then business alreadv

THE CARPENTER

is getting- its share in reduced taxes,
rents, service charges and communi-
ty welfare costs."

Summing up his impressive case,
Mr. Johnson takes three "realistic"
views of the millions whose meager
wages fall far short of financing de-
cent homes and living for their
families —

"We may regard them as a sector
of our population which does not
form its proper share of the consum-
ing market, and so, contributes little
to prosperity. We also may look
upon the underpaid and their de-
pendents as human beings, as people
whom progress has by-passed and
who deserve sympathy of a kind
now generally denied them. Fin-
ally, we may regard them as the
weakest segment of our social
structure ; a vast reservoir of pov-
erty, ignorance, disease and unhap-
piness to which radicals may point
with indignation. It is also a res-
ervoir from which doctrinaires and
demagogues may draw support
whenever the}^ want to use it."

For support for the latter asser-
tions of this humanitarian, enlight-
ened American industrialist, w e
need only to consider the Com-
munists' present aggressive opposi-
tion to the Marshall Plan for relief
of destitute peoples in Europe. The
Reds, of course, realize that cold,
hungry, suffering persons are more
apt to give ear to revolutionary
doctrines which promise to give
them a better break in the game of
life.

The late Secretary of Labor
Lewis B. Schwellenbach asserted
that he would carry on for the sixty-
five cent hourly minimum until ad-
opted. It would be only a minimum
of social justice to armies of Amer-
ican workers who have no Unions
to protect them from r a m p a n t,

heartless exploitation, via pay
check. Schwellenbach passed away
before his dream could be realized.
But, with support such as Mr.
Johnson has contributed, this re-
form campaign should arrive at
eventual success. The very sweat-
shop industrialists who have spear-
headed the opposition to the sixty-
five-cent minimum were very vocal
also against the forty-cent level
which was adopted in the Wage-
Hour Law. Moreover, when the
wage law became effective, wages in
some non-Union industries, especi-
ally in the South, were found to be
as low as thirteen cents an hour.

Of course, the wage minimum
here discussed means nothing to the
pay envelopes of union workers, for
their scales long ago passed well
beyond those figures. But, besides
the element of social injustice —
paying workers enough to keep
alive on — a legislative floor under
wages and a ceiling over working
hours relieves unionized, fair em-
ployers from the ruinous competi-
tion of long hours and short pay.
The union employer faces a tough
problem to maintain standard wage
levels if some of his competitors
in the same line are not required
to keep their wage rates out of the
cellar.

Mr. Johnson recently elaborated
on his views in a book, "Or Forfeit
Freedom", in which he calls upon
industrialists, large and small, to
serve themselves as well as the gen-
eral welfare by meeting Labor in a
spirit of fairness and justice rather
than with sharp hatchets of hostil-
ity.

Unfortunately not many indus-
trialists see eye to eye with Mr.
Johnson, yet in his philosophies lie
the seeds of real industrial peace
and national prosperity.

Editorial

No Wonder They Are Suspect

Is the "Hoover Commission" planning- to undercut the farm electrifica-
tion program? A number of farm leaders seem to think so.

As explained in an editorial in last month's issue of The Carpenter. ex-
President Hoover is head of the "Commission on the Organization of the
Executive Branch of the Government.'" This body, set up by Congress in
June, 1947, is charged with the responsibility of studying all Federal agen-
cies and recommending changes which can increase efficienc}'. As pointed
out in last month's editorial, there are persistent rumors floating around
Washington to the effect that the Commission will recommend abolition
of the Department of Labor when it makes its report. H the rumors are
true, a severe jolt is in store for organized labor. However, we do not
believe in condemning anyone on rumor alone.

Xov.- the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, an organ-
izati'jn of farmers and others interested in farm electrification, charge that
the Hoover Commission intends to "hamstring or eliminate" the Rural
Electrification Administration, an agency which has been endeavoring to
pro\"ide farmers with cheap power. However, these charges, too, are
based on rumor.

Rumors are ugly things. Sometimes thej^ are based on fact but often
thev are based on nothing more than vicious gossip individuals develop to
help themselves or hurt others they do not like. When the Commission
makes its report will be time enough to attack the report if it needs

attacking.

On the other hand it is not surprising that rumors about the vrork
of the Commission are floating about in growing numbers. The Commis-
sion is composed of two top Federal officials, two Senators, two Congress-
men, an industrialist, and a college professor. There is neither a labor
man nor a genuine farmer among them. A'arious "'Study projects" have
been organized by the Commission. Each of these groups has a chairman,
an advisory committee and a large staff of "experts." Recentlv the Con-
gressional Record carried a list of all these appointees. Although the
list was shot through with corporation vice presidents, industrialists, in-
dustrial engineers, and Wall Street operators, not a single name of a labor
official was included. The farmers, too, were virtually unrepresented. Is
it any wonder, then, that the Commission is suspect?

The farm group points out that the "experts" on Hoover's Commission
come from two "Wall Street accounting firms which number more than a
dozen private utility companies among their clients — utility firms which
have opposed R.E.A. for manv vears. Under the circumstances, the

TIfE CARPEXTER 25

farmers naturally feel that the rural electrification program will .G:et little
unbiased consideration from the Commission. Since industrialists and
financiers monopolize the Commission's personnel to the exclusion of labor
representation, it is not surprising- that some labor people too feel that
the Department of Labor will get little fair consideration.

Since agencies that deal with the welfare of farmers and organized
labor are very definitely involved in the work of the Commission, it
would seem that if only for its own protection the Commission would
have included a few farm and labor people among its numerous hirelings.
However, the Commission members did not see fit to do so. Now they are
paying the i)cnalt}' in unhappy rumors and advance criticism.

Other civic bodies which may spring up should take heed.

•

We Must Keep Political Action Alive

Elsewhere in this issue there is an article by First General A^ice-
President Maurice A. Hutcheson pointing out the need for a continuation
of the political action program wdiich has been developed this year. As
Brother Hutcheson emphasizes, the Taft-Hartle}^ Law is not the final goal
which the anti-labor elements in Congress have set for themselves. Rather
it is just a starter. Until organized labor is completely hogtied and its
real efifectiveness destroyed they will not be completely satisfied.

Recent Board decisions point up how far they have travelled along
this road through passage of the Taft-LIartle}^ Law. Strikers now face
the threat of losing their employment rights if they are "permanently"
replaced by strike breakers whom the employer hires. They also face the
threat of discharge if they participate in "mass" picketing, a term the
Board has never defined ver}- clearly. Thus two of the most fundamental
and necessary rights of labor are already in dire jeopardy. Amendments
to the Taft-LIartley Law and new anti-labor legislation to limit these
rights even more drastically can be expected as long as the anti-labor
elements remain in control of Congress. In the state legislatures the
l)icture is practicall}'' the same. The foes of labor know that the American
jjcople would never stand for outright abolition of organized labor by
law so they are trying to accomplish the same results by legislating aAvay
all the rights of labor which make it effective and practical.

The foes of labor began laying out their anti-labor program ten or
twelve years ago. Year in and year out they blasted away at labor. Year
in and year out they groomed their own men for Congress and the various
state legislatures. The anti-labm- propaganda in the newspapers for years
and years back was all part of the program. In the last two years the pro-
gram has started to pay off.

However, it has paid oft' only because too many working people
neglected to vote. Anti-labor candidates gained control of Congress and
manv state legislatures. The Taft-Hartlev Law was one result. Even more

26 T H E C A R P E X T E R

vicious anti-labor laws Avill be another result unless organized workers
mobilize their political strength and keep it mobilized.

It took 3 ears for the anti-labor forces to get their program into opera-
tion. It maiy take labor years to defeat that program and substitute in its
stead a program designed to maintain avenues of self -betterment open to
all segments of our population. However, it is a job that must be done.
"Organize politically or die" ma}- seem to be a somewhat harsh motto
for labor to adopt but actually the situation is developing to the point
where that sums up the matter.

We have our non-partisan committees set up and functioning. They
have gained valuable experience. Thej- have learned the political ropes.
DaA' by daj their effectiveness will incraese. B3- supporting and main-
taining them we can make certain the voice of labor will speak more
authoritative!}^ on each succeeding election da.j. It is up to us all to see
that they get the support they need.

A Greater Voice in World Affairs

About the time the war was concluded in 1945, this journal pointed out
editorially that the rebuilding of Europe on a democratic basis was going
to be a tremendous task involving the re-education of millions upon mil-
lions upon millions of people as to democratic procedures and democratic
institutions. At that time we insisted that the rebuilding of free and
democratic European unions would have to be the Number One job in-
volved in rehabilitating the democratic nations that were ground into the
dust b}' almost a decade of Avar and ceaseless persecution b}^ Hitler and
his maniacs. We even suggested that a few of America's top flight labor
leaders should be placed in strategic positions to direct some of the work
of rehabilitating Europe since the experience the}* gained in labor leader-
ship would enable them to grasp the problems of Europe's workers much
more readih^ than political^ trained diplomats ever could.

All these suggestions fell on deaf ears. Outside of a few sarcastic com-
ments by several daily papers, there was no other reaction. Now\ three
years later, how^ever, it is interesting to note how many prominent people
are becoming of the same frame of mind. From places one would least
expect such suggestions, ideas that correspond v\-ith what we said in 1945
are being put forth.

Eric Johnston, president of the Motion Picture Association, is putting
the finishing touches on a book that is due to come out sometime this year.
One of Mr. Johnston's suggestions is that Uncle Sam name a few top labor
leaders to ambassadorial posts. He believes the old-fashioned, prettj^-boy
type of diplomat has outlived his usefulness. The struggle between democ-
racy^ and communism will have to be fought out on the common man level.
Johnston believes, and therefore the foreign service should be revised to
meet the changed conditions. Leaders of democratic Avorking people, he

T ir E C A K I* E X T E li 27

feels should best be able to win the confidence and trust of European
workers.

Se\'eral months ago the Saturday' Evening- Post also carried an article
on this subject. \\^ritten l^y the Post's top European correspondent, the
article logically pointed out that the de\'elopment of democracy in Europe
will larg-ely stand or fall on the progress that is made in fostering and
building up a democratic European labor movement. Like Johnston, the
writer felt that a few top :\merican labor leaders placed in key spots in
the rehabilitation program would be of considerable help in winning
over European workers who are under constant pressure from communist
propaganda and communist influence.

Perhaps now that other people have taken up the suggestion that labor
be given a bigger part in international affairs the idea ma}' bear fruit.
Sometimes our foreign service has smacked too much of an exclusive coun-
try club. Diplomatic posts have too often been handed out as political
plums — usually to wealth}- glad-handers w^ith the right connections and
the right attitude toward campaign donations at the right time. This is
not always the case. There are hundreds of sincere, capable, honest career
men in our foreign service. There are also many able appointees doing a
very good job in the field. But in view of the fact that the world struggle
between democracy and communism will be decided on the working man
level, there is a real need for a few labor men in our diplomatic corps.

Men like Bill Hutcheson and George ]\leany and John Lewis may not
be able to wear striped pants wath the proper air of elegance, and they
may not be able to crook their little fingers at the proper angle Avhile
holding a teacup, but wdien it comes to negotiating, bargaining or working
out agreements they can hold their own with the best any other nation
can ofTer. Essentially international relations are negotiating and bargain-
ing little dififerent from those which go on around the table when labor and
management meet. Li such proceedings men like Hutcheson, IMeany and
Lewis are at their best.

However, the dead hand of medieval pomp and circumstance still sur-
rounds international relations. Double talk, protocol and wheels within
wheels complicate things considerabl}-. Some straight from the shoulder
talk might improve things considerabl}-; and men like Bill and George
and John are just the boys who could inject it into international relations.
They are men who say what they mean and mean what they saA". Further-
more they cannot be bullied, bluffed nor brow-beaten. Some of the Fancv
Dans with plushy titles from other nations might l^e startled bv their
straightforwardness and direct approach but international relations would
only be improved thereby.

In any event, it is encouraging to realize that others beside ourselves
recognize the need for granting labor a greater role in world aft"airs.
Perhaps something more than talk ma}- come of it yet. A\'e sincerely
hope so.

THE ECONOMISTS LOOK AT 1949

* *

A CONSENSUS of opinion among- 112 leading economists polled
by F. W. Dodge corporation indicates moderate adjustments and
only mild changes in current economic trends during the coming
year. The group polled includes economists in business corporations, finan-
cial institutions, universities and economic research organizations.

Reporting results of the corporation's survey on wholesale prices, in-
dustrial production, employment and construction, Thomas S. Holden,
president of the fact-finding organ-

ization, revealed that sixty-four
economists anticipate a business re-
cession in 1949. Fifty-one of them
characterized the expected setback
as mild, ten as moderately serious;
only three men expected a recession
of serious proportions or extended
duration. A quite considerable mi-
nority, numbering forty-seven, ex-
pects no recession at all in 1949.
More than seventy per cent of those
v^ho do expect a recession think it
will start before the middle of
1949; some think it has already
started.

A number of those replying made
reservations to the effect that all
estimates would become invalid in
case of war.

Commodity Prices and Cost of
Living

In the opinion of most of the
economists the index of wholesale
commodity prices, as compiled by
the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics,
will change very little, if at all, be-
tween now and the end of 1948.
Seventy-five out of one hundred and
three answering the question expect
the wholesale price index to decline
continuously throughout 1949, fif-
teen expect a continuous rise.

twelve expect a fliuctuating trend
and one expects a stable index
through the year. Compared with
168, the level of the index at the
time the questions were asked, the
median expectation for December
1948 is 167, for June 1949, 165 ; for
December 1949, 160.

The economists expect somewhat
mixed price trends among the
several commodity groups. Large
majorities indicated price trends
for farm products^ foods, hides and
leather products, and textiles prod-
ucts. A considerable minority ex-
pects wholesale prices of metals
and metal products to increase ;
forty-six replies indicated expecta-
tion of such rises, another forty-
five indicated approximate stabil-'
ization, and only ten indicated de-
clines. For building materials,
forty-nine expected price stabil-
ization, twenty-seven expected de-
clines, twenty-four expected in-
creases. For chemical and al-
lied products, stabilization is ex-
pected by fifty-seven men, price
declines by twenty-seven, rises
by fourteen. For house-furnishing
goods, a clear majority of sixty ex-
pect declines, thirty-two expect sta-
ble prices, nine expect increases.

THE C A R I* E N T E R

For the miscellaneous group expec-
tation is about evenly divided as
between stable and declining' prices.

Consistent with anticipated de-
clining wholesale prices in major
consumer goods groups, forty-six
economists expect the cost of liv-
ing index to decline continuously
through next year, thirty-one ex-
pect it to remain approximately sta-
ble, twenty-one expect it to rise dur-
ing part of the year followed by a
drop ; only nine expect a continuous
rise in cost of living throughout the
year.

Production, Employment, Wages

Preponderant expectation for the
physical volume of production is
that it will decline moderately; me-
dian expectation is for the Federal
Reserve Board's index to average
next year about two per cent under
the average for I94'*^. Fifty-nine men
expect a production downtrend,
fourteen expect approximateh^ the
same volume as this year, thirty-six
expect increased volume. Three
fourths of those answering expect
production to average within 5 per
cent, up or down, of this year's
total.

Corresponding to the preponder-
ant expectation of declining produc-
tion volume is the expectation on
the part of forty-five economists of
a decline in volume of employment.
However, fifty-three expect employ-
ment to remain approximately sta-

ble, and twelve expect an increase.
A majority of those expecting an
employment decline estimate the
drop within the range of two to five
per cent from T948 levels.

^Vage stability is expected by
sixty-five respondents ; wage in-
creases by forty-three ; wage de-
creases by only three. A number of
those expecting wage increases com-
mented that they expected increases
to be 'moderate," "slight," or "less
than the 1948 increases."

Construction

With respect to residential build-
ing volume, sixty-seven expect a de-
crease next year, twenty-eight ex-
pect an increase, and thirteen ex-
pect approximately the same num-
ber of family units will be built as
in 1948. Median expectation among
all those expecting a drop is a de-
cline of ten per cent in total new
dwelling units ; median of all expec-
tations that were indicated in fig-
ures, including those expecting sta-
ble or increased volume, would be a
five per cent decline.

A majority of seventy-six anti-
cipate declining dollar volume of
private nonresidential construction;
twenty-five expect an increase, and
six expect the same volume as 1948.

Public construction volume is ex-
pected to increase by seventy re-
spondents, to decrease by twenty-
four, and to hold steady at 1948
levels by eight.

Predicts Home Building Slump

Is home building about to take a nosedive? At least one authority in a position
to know thinks so.

Raymond M. Foley, head of Housing and Home Finance, recently warned
the building industry that there will be a "bust" in home construction shortly un-
less the industry starts producing homes that the average family can afford to rent
or buy.

Speaking before a Seattle audience, Foley said that the limit of the demand
for high-priced dwellings had just about been reached. He urged that the Industry
go to work on a program to produce "an adequte house at $6,000 or less."

30 THECARPEXTER

Tributes IVell- Earned

A Race Well Run

A Tribute to Frank Duffy

By
Albert V. Homer

Local Union 2164, San Francisco, Calif.

Hail to the man who in triumphant glory

Rests on the laurels he so nobly won,

Loyal to labor, his is a worthwhile story,

Gallant in service, his was a race well run.

Hark the acclaim! 'Tis homage in its beauty

The nations pay, whose toilers seem akin.

Where honor crowns long faithful years of duty

Gratitude is a man's highest prize to win^

Ah! This he earned! Through printed word and spoken

Wood Workers o'er America's vast domain.

Proclaim to him affection, as their token

His valued labors have not been in vain.

%tBohttxt(n

Adopted by the Convention of the Indiana State Council of
Carpenters at Evansville, Ind., September 17-18, 1948.
Greetings :

Whereas, the regi-etful news of our Gteneral Secretaiy's
resignation. Brother Fi*ank Duflfy, was received by this body,
while in Convention Assembled.

AATiereas, we wish to recognize his long and faithful ser-
vice to the Brotherhood in that capacity, and

"Whereas, we have esteemed him as a fellow laborer and
also the long and intimate relation with liim in the faithful
discharge of his duties in the United Brotherhood makes it
eminently befitting that we record our sincere appreciation
to Brother Frank Duflfy. Therefore,

Be It Resolved, that the ^visdom and ability which he
has exercised in the aid of our organization by Service, Con-
tributions, and Counsel, will be held in grateful i-emembrance,
and,

Be It Fiu'ther Resolved: — That the Indiana State Council
of Carpenters go on i-ecoi-d as instracting our Secretary to
convey oui" sincere appreeiation to our Brother Fi-ank Duflfy
for his many years of faithful sei-vice, and wishing him con-
tinued good health and happiness.

Official Information

General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of ( ARPENTERS and JOINERS

of AMERICA

General Office : Cariienters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Ge.nkuai. Pkksident

WM. L. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First General "VicE-rRESiDENX

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Second General Vice-President

JOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Acting Secretary

ALBERT B. FISCHER

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Treasurer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis. Ind.

General Execdtitb Board

First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR.
Ill E. 22nd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Second District. O. WM. BLAIER
933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.

Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS
3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Sixth District, A. W. MUIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara. Calif.

Third District. HARRY SCHWARZBR
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.

Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

Seventh District. ARTHUR MARTBL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.

WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman
ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary

'All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Actin.g Secretary

NOTICE

Under date of September j, the Genera] President advised the Local
Unions of the action taken by the General Executive Board as to maintain-
ing the membership of members who enter the service under the Selective
Service Act of 1948.

Before sending the due book to this office great care must be taken
to ascertain whether the member is entering service within the meaning
of the Act, which provides for a certain period of enlistment or induction
by draft for Active Service. If otherwise, the member will be required to
pay his dues as provided in the Laws of the Brotherhood in order to main-
tain bis continuity of membership.

NEAV CHARTERS ISSUED

3060 Shingletown, Calif.

2490 McMiuDville, Teun.

2491 Cincinnati. Ohio

249 2 Beauharnois, Qne., Can.

2493 Que.suel, B. C, Can.

2 488 Los Angeles, Calif.

:]06 4 Darlington, S. C.

2910 Ontario, Ore.

2495 Ashland, Wis.

2496 Middlesboro. Ky.

2497 Bradford, Pa.
249 8 Long-view, Wash.

2499 Whitehorse, Y. T.. Can.

2000 Elkins, W. Va.

2350 Scranton. Pa.

2411 AVoodville. Texas

2443 Minto, N. B., Can. /

245 6 Washington, D. C.

2 49 4 Barbourville, Ky.

992 Macon, Ga.

969 Penn Yan, N. Y.

968 Natchez. Miss.

2911 New Castle. N. B.. Can.

2I« M

Not lost to those that love them,
Not dead, just gone before;

ttnxfvxsctn

They still live in our memory,
And will forever more

'^tBi in l^tSLtt

The Editor has been requested to publish the names
of the following Brothers who have passed away.

WILLIE A. ADOLTSOFF, L. U. 2288, Los An-
geles, Cal.

ELIE AGAPIT, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich.

ROBERT S. BARKER, L. U. 1477, Middletown,
Ohio.

W. L. BEARD, L. U. 1399, Okmulgee, Okla.

ROBERT F. BECK, L. U. 470, Tacoma, Wash.

HERMAN BELL, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis.

HOWARD S. BINGHAM, L. U. 270, Tacoma,
Wash.

F. E. BLANCHARD, L. U. 345, Memphis, Tenn.

HERMAN BORCHARDT, L. U. 264, Milwau-

W. D. BOYD, L. U. 2288, Los Angeles, Cal.
CONRAY BRYSON, L. U. 190, Klamath Falls,

ORE.
NATHAN BUCHOLTZ, L. U. 946, Los Angeles,

Cal.
GEORGE BURGER, Sr., L. U. 335, Grand

Rapids, Mich.
A. F. BUTTERFIELD, L. U. 627, Jacksonville,

Fla.
A. D. CAMBRES, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal.
J. L. CARPENTER, L. U. 74, Chattanooga,

Tenn.
W. W. CLANCY, L. U. 146, Schenectady, N. Y.
CLIFFORD J. DAILEY, L. U. 146, Schenec-
tady, N. Y.
JOHN W. DAVIS, L. U. 1257, Waynesburg, Pa,
ISRAEL DAY, L. U. 470, Tacoma, Wash.
EMILE DeBLOIS, L. U. 40, Boston, Mass.
JOHN ECHMAN, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
JOHN R. EKROL, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
A. FATALL, L. U. 61, Kansas City, Mo.
GEORGE M. FINCH, L. U. 1134, Mt. Kisco,

N. Y.
GEORGE FOREST, L. U. 13, Chicago, 111.
ARMANDO GIGGIA, L. U. 246, New York, N.Y.
D. J. GLEN, L. U. 61, Kansas City, Mo.
H. R. GRAHAM, L. U. 61, Kansas City, Mo.
JOHN GRINGO, L. U. 40, Boston, Mass.
ERIC HAGSTROM, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
JOSEPH G. HALL, L. U. 345, Memphis, Tenn.
LAMBERT HEUTMAKER, L. U. 1252, St. Paul,

Minn.
FRED HILL, L. U. 13, Chicago, 111.
WM. HORESWOOD, L. U. 946, Los Angeles,

Cal.
LAWRENCE HOWARD, L. U. 33, Boston, Mass.
RICHARD HUNT, L. U. 740, Brooklyn, N. Y.
O. SCOTT JEMTEGARD, L. U. 226, Portland,

Ore.
NELS JERGENSEN, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
HERMAN KAEMERER, L. U. 264, Milwaukee,

Wis.
CHARLES H. KELLER, L. U. 1477, Middle-
town, Ohio.
ROBERT KEMP, L. U. 61, Kansas City, Mo.
ROY B. KEWAYOSH, L. U. 1154, Algonac,

Mich.

J. L. KIESTEAD, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal.
JOHN O. KING, L. U. 203, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
CHARLES KRUGER, L. U. 416, Chicago, 111.
JOSEPH W. LORENZ, L. U. 734, Kokomo, Ind.
T. J. McLAIN, L. U. 1130, Titusville, Pa.
COLIN C. McLAREN, L. U. 2288, Los Angeles,

Cal.
C. R. McCLATHCHEY, L. U. 470, Tacoma,

Wash.
RUDOLPH MAAS, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis.
VICTOR MADLENER, L. U. 1252, St. Paul,

Minn.
E. A. MARTIKAINEN, L. U. 2435, Inglewood,

Cal.
ED. H. MAY, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
LOUIS MERCIER, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich.
PETER MINEAU, L. U. 264, Milwaukee, Wis.
DANIEL A. MOINES, L. U. 594, Dover, N. J.
CHAS. E. MOORE, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
PAUL R. NIETZ, L. U. 13, Chicago, 111.
ANDREW NORMAN, L. U. 764, Shreveport, La.
DENNIS J. O'CALLAGHAN, L. U. 33, Boston,

Mass.
JOHN O'BRIEN, L. U. 33, Boston, Mass.
ALBERT PAYNE, L. U. 13, Chicago, 111.
JOHN PFAU, L. U. 2425, Glendive, Mont.
FRANK PHOEDOVIUS, L. U. 162, San Mateo,

CAL.
FRANK PORTER, L. U. 946, Los Angeles, Cal.
LUTHER H. PRITCHARD, L. U. 1565, Abilene,

Tex.
CHESTER REED, L. U. 470, Tacoma, Wash.
JOHN ROTHMAN, L. U. 246, New York, N. Y.
ELMER SCHEFSICK, L. U. 25, Los Angeles,

Cal.
JOSEPH A. SELLICK, L. U. 162, San Mateo,

Cal
RADWIN R.' SHUBIN, L. U. 2288, Los Angeles,

Cal.
RUSSELL S. SMITH, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
L. O. STANLEY, L. U. 345, Memphis, Tenn.
FRED THOMAS, L. U. 1257, Waynesburg, Pa.
FRANK W. TOWER, L. U. 335, Grand Rapids,

Mich.
L. J. TRYGSTAD, L. U. 226, Portland, Ore.
GERRIT VANDENBURG, L. U. 13, Chicago, 111.
GEORGE VanDOREN, L. U. 1252, St. Paul,

Minn.
ALBERT T. VanDYKE, L. U. 335, Grand

Rapids, Mich.
JOHN VanKALSBECK, L. U. 490, Passaic, N. J.
HENRY WARD, L. U. 25, Los Angeles, Cal.
FRANK WEINTRITT, L. U. 101, Baltimore, Md.
STANLEY WENTZEL, L. U. 337, Detroit, Mich.
MARION WISE, L. U. 461, Highwood, 111.
J. WOPOTISCH, L. U. 419, Chicago, 111.
MAX WUERKER, L. U. 325, Paterson, N. J.
HEARMAN YOUNG, L. U. 946, Los Angeles,

Cal.
ANDREW ZIEL, L. U. 13, Chicago, III.

CorrQspondQRCQ

This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.

IMISSOURI STATK COUXCn^ HOLDS FIXE CONVENTION

With one of the largest delegations ever to attend such a conference present,
the Missouri State Council of Carpenters held its Tenth Annual Convention in the
Governor Hotel, Jefferson City, May 14, 15, and 16. After an invocation by
Reverend Dauin, the Honorable James T. Blair, Mayor of the City, officially wel-
comed the delegates to Jefferson City and extended them the hospitality of the
community.

With a full agenda of business before them, the convention got down to busi-
ness immediately. As reported by the delegates, business is comparatively good
throughout the State. However, various vexing problems were reported to the
convention for remedial action. Year in and year out the Missouri State Council
has endeavored to build up a spirit of cooperation with the farmers and other
groups so that a community of interest can be achieved to advance the material
progress of the State. This cooperation is now beginning to -show results.

Special guests to the Conveuliuu imluded Reuben T. Wood and Frank
IMurphy, president and secretary-treasurer, respectively, of the State Federation;
W. E. Andrews of the Nebraska State Council; General Representative Driscoll;
George Rice of the Kansas State Council; and a number of others prominent in mid-
west labor.

The need for political action on the part of organized labor received special
attention from the Convention. From the report of the delegates it was clear that
the Missouri Carpenters would be heard from on November 2nd. A number of
resolutions designed to improve the lot of the man working with tools were
adopted and the couA'ention closed on a high note of unity and determination to
advance the Avelfare of the carpentry trade.

BUFFALO LOCAL CELEBRATES 60th BIRTHDAY

On Saturday night. April 10, 1948, Local Union No. S.'SS of Buffalo. New York,
observed its Sixtieth {60th) Anniversary, — 60 years of continuous and loyal mem-
bership in the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America. — in
Harugari Temple, with a turkey dinner, dancing and singing, which followed the
invocation by the Rev. J. H. Stender.

34 THE CARP ENTER

Nearly 400 members, visiting members and friends along with prominent
guests of the Brotherhood attended. All had a good time with plenty of song
restorer and turkey.

Local Union No. 35 5 was organized January 12. 1SS8, with 56 members, and
with Local Union No. 9, the oldest local, organized the Buffalo District Council in
18 90. Local 3 55 was one of the pioneers in instituting the eight-hour day and the
overtime rate.

On this, the 6 0th Anniversary, the Local wishes to express its thanks to the
Locals of the Buffalo District Council. Ladies" Auxiliary Local 128, and to the
General Office, and also to its forefathers and to all who have helped to elevate this
Local to its present-day status.

Its officers are a fine group of seasoned pioneers who have labored through
good and bad years of the past sixty, and today are proud of their record and
achievements. As of January 1, 19 48, twenty-two members are pensioned, anti at
present two are in Lakeland Carpenters Home in Florida.

President Nicholas Lux, chief pilot for twenty years was presented with a
wallet bulging in contour. He expressed his amazement at the large attendance and
the wonderful set-up for the occasion.

Business Representative Richard Divingston presided as toastmaster, assisted
by Secretary John McMahon of the Buffalo District Council, both of whom gave a
good accounting of themselves in running off the fine program of events.

Business Representatives Herman Bodewes and Martin ^McDonald addressed
the crowd in a capable manner and drew great applause.

Telegrams were read expressing the good wishes and congratulations of Harold
C. Hanover, former Secrteary-Treasurer of the Buffalo District Council, and now
Secretary of the New York State Federation of Labor; from Mrs. Emma Cameron.
President of Ladies Auxiliary Local No. 12S, Buft'alo: and letters from General
President William L. Hutcheson and General Secretary Frank Duffy, offering their
sincere congratulations. The audience reciprocated with great applause.

Secretary of the Buffalo Federation of Labor George Sturges, who hurried
from another banquet elsewhere, arrived in time to present a fine speech to the
crowd. George has made great strides in Buffalo and few labor conferences can
aft'ord to be without him. We thank you, George.

General Executive Board Member Charles Johnson, of New York, representing
the General President, brought the house down with his inspiring remarks, cover-
ing at great length the conditions confronting the union worker today, who must
be on his toes this coming election, to defeat our enemies and elect our friends in
Congress.

Brother Johnson has also created a host of friends in Buff'alo by his business
relations with the Buft'alo District Council in the past year, and we all are deeply
grateful to him for his past cooperation and welcome every visit he makes to
Buft'alo.

Rev. Hubert P^eiman closed the ceremonies with prayer. Dancing followed until
the wee small hours of the morning.

William L. Klausman, Chairman
William Angenendt and Paul Fage,

Co-Chairmen.

BATA\TA LOCAL HONORS GREAT OLD IDLER

At its July 2 8th meeting. Local Union No. 124S, Batavia, 111., witnessed two
significant events. The first was the installation of officers for the forthcoming
year. Installed into office were: Carl Harleen, president; Carl Feldman, vice presi-
dent; J. E. Swanberg. recording secretary; Ernest Lundin, financial secretary; Carl
Magnuson, conductor; Walter Evert, warden; Elmer Carlson, W. Barber, and J.
Schultz. trustees; and Dave Kraft, Ernest Lundin. and J. Scliultz, delegates to the
Carpenters District Council and Building Trades Council.

The second event was the presentation of an Elgin DeLuxe wrist watch to
Brother George A. Worth who stepped down after forty years of faithful service as
recording secretaiw- Brother Worth came to this country from abroad. In IS 07
he joined Local Union No. 12 4S. The following year he was elected recording

THE CARPENTER 35

secretary by the Union — a position he held continuously until ill health forced
him to retire this year. During his long years of service, Brother Worth proved
himself to be a man of fine ability and unquestionable integrity. It was only with
sincere regret the Union accepted his resignation. The very best wishes of the
officers and members of Local Union 12 48 go with Brother Worth.

CLEVELAND LOCAL HONORS GEB MEMBER SCITW ARZER

The Carpenters' meetings hall on Lorain Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, was
crowded to capacity the evening of June 21 to celebrate both the birthday and
the 37th anniversary of Executive Board Member Harry Schwarzer's membership
in Local No. 1108.

After a short business meeting, Brother Schwarzer was invited to the platform,
and following a few well chosen remarks made by Brother Jay Roth, the master of
ceremonies for the evening, who explained the purpose of the occasion, he was
presented with a huge birthday cake. It was then that the old familiar birthday
song was rendered in perfect harmony.

Pictured above are officers of Loeal Union No. 1108, Clevelajid, paying special
tribute to General Executive Boai-d Meinbei" Han-y Schwai-zer. Reading from left
to right, they are: Frank AValfe, Eniil Larkins, Ed. Benvald, tiiistees; Jay Roth,
financial secretai'j'; Carl Schwai*zer, pi'esident; Hai-rj' Schwarzer, honored giiest;
William Tanke, conductor; Elmer Mader, warden; Paul Paskert, recording secre-
tary; Albert Brigger, vice president; Art Noder, treasurer.

Brother Schwarzer graciously accepted the gift, admitted his surprise, inspected
the cake and attempted to return to his seat. This the master of ceremonies would
not permit until he had presented Brother Schwarzer with a United States govern-
ment bond.

Brother Roth explained that the bond was not only an expression of gratitude
and appreciation from all of the members for the vastly improved workiuii condi-
tions that the union is now enjoying as a result of Brother Schwarzer's untiring
efforts but was also given as a token to commemorate the occasion.

Having recovered from his surprise by this time. Brother Schwarzer expressed
his thanks to the Local for its honors and generosity and concluded by delivering
a very interesting and inspiring talk concerning past, present and future conditions
relative to our trade.

After he was congratulated by visiting officers from many other Carpenter's
locals and warmly applauded, the party was really on. Lunch and refreshments
were served, and when the curtain was finally rung down, it w^as the unanimous
opinion of all that the party committee's arrangements had been perfect and that
Local No. 1108 had indeed added another successful party to its long list of
delightful affairs.

THE CARPENTER

SANDUSKY OBSERVES 40th BIRTHDAY WITH BANQUET

On Wednesday evening, September 8th, Local Union No. 9 40, Sandusky, Ohio,
one of the veteran unions in the middle west, celebrated the forty-sixth anniver-
sary of its founding with a banquet and social evening at the Plumb Brook Country
Club. A splendid turnout was on hand to make the evening an affair long to be
remembered. Snowy-headed old timers with thirty and forty years of continuous
membership to their credit rubbed shoulders with youngsters who are just starting

out in carpentry, their chosen life's work. But youth or oldster they had one thing
in common — a deep pride in their Local Union and their Brotherhood.

There was plenty of wonderful food for all; fried chicken, country style, with
all the traditional trimmings. William Everett, Business Agent and Financial
Secretary, gave a short talk on conditions in bygone days and the struggles which
the Local underwent. A short sketch of the union was read.

The evening came to a close with a dance for young and old. It was the unani-
mous opinion of all who attended that the evening was a complete success and
everyone is looking forward to the -forty-seventh banquet next year.

AVHITBY ANNUAL PICNIC BEST EVER

The members and families of Local Union No. 39 7, Whitby, Ontario, on Sat-
urday, July 1, motored to Greenwood Park for the annual picnic which the Union
sponsors each summer. The weatherman supplied ideal weather and by 1 p.m.
cars were converging on the Park in great style. The committee was on hand to
arrange matters. Brother Loyal Pogue, director of ceremonies, had his loud
speaker set up and throughout the day he supplied the picnickers with music.

After friends and families got together, a full program of sports for young
and old got under way. There were plenty of prizes for all events and the various
contests were enjoyed by all. E. R. Elliott was crowned horseshoe champion. Little
Hareen Dolmidge carried off the prize for being the youngest child on the grounds
while Treasurer P. G. Howard received the prize for being the oldest Carpenter on
hand. Free ice cream was served to all.

Around 5:30 the ladies served a nicely arranged picnic supper which all en-
joyed thoroughly after several hours in the fresh air. Following supper a fine old
time sougfest came over the loud speaker. The affair closed with the president of
the Union expressing delight at seeing so many old timers present and extending
a vote of thanks to all who made the picnic such a success.

When did you last attend a meeting of your Local Union?
These are perilous times for organized labor. Every Union needs
all the wisdom and loyalty it can command from its membership.
Are you doing your part? Attend meetings regularly.

IXDIAXAPOT.IS LADIES KEEP ACTIVE

The Editor:

Auxiliary No. 46 3 of Indianapolis, Indiana reporting. Greetings to all Sister
Auxiliaries. Our Auxiliary is small but we are quite active. We will celebrate our
second anniversary in October.

We meet the second Thursday night of each month in the Carpenters' Hall.
We also have one social get-together each month during the fall and winter sche-
dule. Our social gatherings include members of the families usually Avith pot luck
suppers, followed with cards or other entertainment.

We have pieced and quilted two lovely quilts. We sent one quilt to the Carpen-
ters' Home at Lakeland, Florida, and sold chances on the other one. A Carpenter's
daughter won it.

We are planning a membership drive in the near future.

Our officers for the ensuing year as as follows: President, Mrs. Pauline Longest;
Vice-President, Mrs. Mabel Detamore; Financial Secretary-Treasurer, Mrs. Ruth
Hallet; Recording Secretary, Mrs. Grace M. Freeman; Conductor, Mrs. Catherine
Stafford; Warden, Mrs. Delilah Kinnamon; Trustees, Mrs. Bertha Disbrow, Mrs.
Mary Beek and Mrs. Juanita Steele.

Our Auxiliary would be pleased to hear from any of the Sister Auxiliaries,
and vve would especially appreciate suggestions for activities.

Fraternally yours,

Grace-I\I. Freeman, Recording Secretary.

KLICKITAT SPONSORS JOINT INSTALLATION

The Editor:

Greetings to all Ladies Auxiliaries of the Carpenters and Joiners of America,
from the officers and members of Auxiliary No. 45 3, Klickitat, Washington.

In July of this year we had our installation of officers. Instead of having our
installation at one of our meetings, we had a joint installation of officers with our
Brother Local, on their installation night. July 28.

Brother Larry Carroll, International Representative, who is stationed in this
area, and Business Agent Brother Clarence Briggs of the Central Oregon District
Council, attended the installation.

The President of the Local Union opened the meeting and took care of the
Local's business. When the business was over, the President of the Local Union
called on Brother Carroll to act as the installing officer and turned the meeting
over to him. Brother Briggs acted as installing conductor and presented the offi-
cers elect for installation. Brother Larry Carroll gave the installation oath to
the Auxiliary officers and Union officers. After the oath had been taken the Sister
and Brother officers took their positions at the rostrum.

The newly elected officers were presented with a lovely corsage each a.s they
entered the meeting hall.

When the union meeting and the installation of officers were over the Ladies
served a lovely lunch of sandwiches, salad, and coffee.

Fraternally,

Dorothy M. Scott, Recording Secretary.

THE C A R P E X T E R

GOOS BAY CILIKTER INSTALLED JTXE 29th

The Editor:

Being one of the newest groups to join the official family, vre want to take this
opportunity to extend greetings to all Sister Auxiliaries. Our Auxiliary No. 502,
Coos Bay, Oregon, — was instituted June 29, 1948. Installation ceremonies were
held at the Labor Temple with a fine turnout present. Brother Charles Berger
presented us with our charter and made a fine installation speech. Brother Gross,
Union president, read the ritual and gave us the obligation. Afterwards we were
invited to attend the Carpenters' meeting during the part in which the delegates

From left to right: Mis. J. D. Paiimi. iuiaiiLiai -ccretaiy; Mrs. H. E. Finell.
recording secretary; Mrs. R. F. Roliuan, ill-. Charles Berger; and 3Irs. Walter
Glass.

to the State Convention made their reports. We found it very educational and
thought-provoking.

After the joint meeting adjourned, our Auxiliary members served refreshments
to all. It was a grand evening and gave us all a chance to get better acquainted
with each other.

Our charter is framed in what I am sure is one of the mo3t beautiful frames
in the world. Made by Brother Finell, the frame is of Oregon Myrtlewood, that
rare wood which grows only in this part of Oregon and in the Holy Land, The
picture gives some idea of its beauty.

We are looking forward to years of good fellowship and good service to our
Union and our community.

Fraternally yoitrs.

Eubv X. Finell. Secretary.

McKEESPORT AUXTLIARY USES XO\'EL FUND RAISING FDEAS

The Editor:

Ladies Auxiliary 478 of McKeesport, Pa., would like to send greetings to all of
our Sister Auxiliaries.

We organized our Auxiliary on :*.Iay 21, 1947. and at pre.sent we have twenty-
one members. We are hoping to gain more in the near future. Our officers are
Sister Mabel Glancy, President; Sister LaVerne Stevenson, Vice-President; Sister
Gertrude Sutton. Recording Secretarv; and Sister Dora Johnson, Treasurer.

TIIECARP ENTER 39

We hold our meetings the second and fourth Thursdays of every month at the
homes of our Sister members. After our meetings we have a light lunch and some-
times we play cards or bingo. The money from these games goes into our flower
fund. We also have a penny drill and this money goes into our flower fund too.
If some of our members become ill and are under the Doctor's care we send them
a card and a plant valued at 1.00. We have also a pig in the poke. The member
that wins the pig, furnishes the pig for the next meeting. The money from the
pig goes into our treasury.

If one of our members has a birthday, each of the other members gives this
Sister a card and hankie on the meeting night nearest her birthday. We think this
is a good idea.

Last year we sold fifty boxes of Christmas cards and made a profit of $25.00.
This year we sold three cases of jello and puddings and made a profit of $22.50.

About once every month we invite the men for a luncheon after our meeting.
The Carpenters hold their annual Christmas party and invite all Carpenters and
their families and then our Auxiliary helps with the serving and entertaining. All
children up to eighteen years of age receive presents. The Carpenters also had a
corn roast, August 28, at Rainbow Gardens. There were races, swimming and
refreshments and everyone had a wonderful time.

Our Auxiliary would appreciate being mentioned in the CARPENTER real soon.

Fraternally yours,

Gertrude Sutton, Recording Secretary.

AUXILIARY No. 464 STARTS 3rd SUCCESSFUL YEAR

The members of Auxiliary No. 46 4, Auburn, California, wish to extend greet-
ings to all Sister Auxiliaries.

We organized our Auxiliary in August, 1946, and have just started our third
year of success. Our new officers who have been installed for the coming year
are: President, Bernice Rassmussen; Vice-President, Esther Bean; Treasurer,
Nellie Freeby; Recording Secretary, Elva Zick; Conductor, Pearl Lindsey; Warden,
Louise Kington; Trustees, Mae Prouty, Elsie Liyingston and Thelma John.

Our group has been pretty busy and our meetings are getting more interesting
as time goes by.

We have pot luck suppers occasionally and picnics in the summer for the
carpenters and their families. In November we hold our annual party with lots
of turkey and trimmings, after which the evening is spent dancing. We have a
large crowd and everybody has a grand time. Every year we have a Christmas
party and exchange gifts.

Several baby showers have been given the past year. After a short meeting
the evening is turned over to the party. For this special occasion a decorating
committee is appointed to decorate the tables. Each time they have been trimmed
differently and very attractively.

We held a food sale in April and cleared $33.80 to help build our funds. At
the present time we are making a quilt which will be raffled off later.

We hold our Auxiliary meetings in the Union Hall the first and third Wednes-
days of the month at 8:00 P.M. We would enjoy a visit from other Sister Auxiliary
members.

Fraternally yours,

Elva Zick, Recording Secretary.
•

PORTLAND, ORE., LADIES ARE GETTLNG RESULTS

Friendly greetings to Sister Organizations from Ladies Auxiliary No. 50 4, of
Portland, Oregon.

On May 25, 1948, we installed our charter, and now have a membership of
sixty. We hold one social and one business meeting each month. The social meet-

40 THE CARPENTER

ing is the second Tuesday, and business meeting is the fourth Tuesday of the
month. At present the social meetings are being devoted to sewing for a bazaar
which we plan to hold in November.

We held election of officers in June with results as follows: Opal Miller, Presi-
dent; Mary Ommen, Vice-President; Vera Evans, Recording Secretary; Elizabeth
La Salle, Financial Secretary; Sadie Benson, Warden; Peggy Sears, Conductor;
Florence Hahn, Myda Tompkins, and Florence Bowman, Trustees.

Sunday, August 29 Carpenter's Local 226 held their annual picnic, and our
ladies assisted with serving the refreshments, took charge of games and contests,
and held a cake-walk which realized $45.00.

There was an attendance of approximately 2000. Everyone had a very enjoy-
able time.

We are planning a card party, to be held in December (the 22nd), and also
expect to have a Christmas party for our members and their families.

We are all trying to make our organization a success, and are all enjoying our-
selves very much doing so.

I remain fraternally yours,

Vera Evans, Recording Secretary.

AUXILIARY SUPPORTS MANY WORTHY CAUSES

The Editor:

Ladies Auxiliary No. 400 of Carpenter's Local 1052, Los Angeles, sends greet-
ings to all Sister Auxiliaries.

We meet the first and third Wednesdays of each month, first Wednesday being
a business meeting and third a social meeting.

We have helped several needy families. We contribute to the Community Chest
of Los Angeles, Red Cross, Salvation Army and also send Christmas gifts to the
needy.

We had a joint installation of officers with Local 1052 in July. After installa-
tion the ladies and their families put on a program consisting of several solos,
duets, skits, and a community sing.

After the program Local 1052 engaged a six piece orchestra for dancing.
Refreshments were served to all members and families. Home baked cakes were
donated by the Auxiliary which were auctioned at a nice profit.

Members and visitors are welcomed.

Fraternally yours,

Aileen Dorn, Recording Secretary

GLASGOW AUXILIARY ROLLJNG IN HIGH

The Editor:

The Ladies Auxiliary No. 474 of Glasgow, Mont, was organized in May, 1947.
We meet once a month and after our meeting we join the carpenters for a social
hour and lunch. In winter we also have card parties.

In June we had a picnic at Fort Peck Lake, together with the carpenters and
their families. After a very good dinner we had sport and fishing; prizes going to
winners of races, also to the one having the biggest fish and the one having the
most fish.

We have given donations to Red Cross, March of Dimes, Cancer Control and
made a cash donation to a family who lost their belonging in a fire.

We would like to have more new members; anyone attending 6 consecutive
meetings will receive an Auxiliary pin.

Fraternally yours,

Mrs. Anna Trang, Rec. Sec.

Craft ProblQms

Carpentry

LESSON 242
By H. H. Siegele

In this lesson practical steel square
problems, that relate to circles, squares,
and right angle triangles, are taken up.

Finding Center of Circle. — Fig. 1,
the upper part, shows three heavy dots,
numbered 1, 2, 3. Now if you had to
build a round tank, silo or some other
circular structure, and the owner would
give you three points that the structure
would have to contact, somewhat as
shown by the illustrations, how would
you solve the problem? The solution
can be found with the steel square. If
the structure is large or small, stretch

• 2

5
Fig. 1

a line from both points 1 and 2 to point
3, as shown by dotted lines in the bot-
tom part of Fig. 1. Mark each of
these lines at the center, as shown at
a and b. Then set a square at each of
those points, as shown by Fig. 2. The
point where the outside edges of the
blades cross is the center of a circle
that will cross the three points. What is
shown in Fig. 2, is really a diagram
drawn to a reduced scale. In cases of
silos or tanks, a large square of wood
is practical, which can be made by em-
ploying the 6-8-10 method of squaring.

Otherwise a diagram should be made,
using a reduced scale.

The problem just explained is the
same as finding the center of a circle,
in which case you would mark off two

Fig.

segments anywhere on the circumfer-
ence of a circle, and mark a perpendicu-
lar line from the center of each of the
two chords. Where these two lines cross
is the center of the circle. Fig. 2 of the

Fig. 3

previous problem shows how to apply
the steel square to mark the perpen-
dicular lines.

Another Way of Finding Center. —
Fig. 3 gives another way of finding

THE C A R P E N T E R

the center of a circle. Place the square
on the circle in such a manner that
the heel will contact the circumference,
as at a. Then strike a line as from b to
b. With a compass mark d. d from b.

Fig. 4

b and strike a line from d to d. Where
this line crosses the other line (point
c) is the center of the circle. The
second line can be made "with the steel
square by shifting the square around

-4"-

Fig. 5

a little to another position, "n-ith the
heel contacting the circumference.

Describing a Circle. — ^Fig 4 shows
how to mark a circle with a steel square.

Fig. 6

Set two nails as far apart as the diam-
eter of the circle you want, as at a and
b. Then with a pencil held at the heel
(point c) of the square, move the square
from a to b, as shown by the arrows.

keeping the edges of the tongue and
the blade against the nails constantly
This wil describe a perfect half circle,
if it is carefully done. The other half
is described in the same way, as indicat-
ed by the dotted lines.

Finding Diameter. — Fig. .5 shows two
circles. One has a diameter of 3 inches
and the other has a diameter of 4
inches. Inches are used for convenience
— ^in practice it could be any units of
measurement, inches, feet, yards, rods,
or even miles. The reader can make his

9 s,.

Fig. 7

own scale with the inches shown on the
diagrams, as for instance, one inch
equals one foot, one-half inch, equals
one foot, one-quarter inch equals one
foot, and so forth. With this in mind, if
you were asked to build a tank that
would have as much floor space as two

Fig. 8

tanks, say, with diameters like those
shown in Fig. 5 — how would you find
the diameter of such a circular tank?
Fig. 6 shows a simple way to do it with
the steel square. Take the diameter of
one tank on one arm of the square and
the diameter of the other tank on the
other arm — the diagonal distance be-
tween these two points will give the
exact diameter of a tank with as much
floor space as the two other tanks have.
A machinist's square is used in these

THE CAR V K X T E R

illustrations to simplify tho matter. In
this and the next two problems numbers
will be used that will make the diagonal
distances in tho problems come out in
whole numbers, so that it will be easy
for the student to prove the problems.

4"-

But tbe results will be just as accurate
in cases where all figures involve frac-
tions.

Finding Area. — A similar problem is
shown bj' F'igs. 7 and 8. If you were
asked to build one square bin that
would have as much floor space as the
two square bins have that are shown in
Fig. 7 — how would you do it? A simple
way to solve the problem with the
square is shown by Fig. 8. Take the
distance of a side of one of the bins on

Fig. 10

one arm of the steel square, and the
distance of a side of the other bin, on
the other arm of the square. The diag-
onal distance between these two points
will give the distance of a side of a
bin that will have as much floor space as
the two other bins have. The area of
the different bins is shown with figures.
Concerning Triangles. — If you had to

describe a right angle triangle that
would have as much surface as two
triangles proportionately the same; how
would you do it? The problem is again
solved by taking, say, the shortest side
of one of the triangles (Fig. 9) on one
arm of the square and the shortest side
of the other triangle on the other arm
of the square — the diagonal distance
between these two point will be the

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THE CARPENTER

HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY!

rOU DO THIS

E-Z Mark Butt Gauge

You get a cltan cut deeply etched profile.

Remove chips. Repeat operation on jamb.
Hang door. THAT'S ALL-
NO more:

COMES WITH
LEATHERETTE CAS8

AND GET THIS

• Hang more doors better.

• Noadjustments. No errors.

• Used and approved by Master
mechanics.

• Comes in 3i" and 4" (standard) sizes. '

• Precision made.
Cost OXLT $1.73 ea.. or $3.50 a set
at your hdw. store. If dealer can't sup-
ply, send only $1.00 with order and pay
postman balance, plus postage C.O.D. In Can., $3.75 (noC.O.D. )

E-Z MARK TOOLS, Box 8377 Dept. C. Los Angeles 16, Cal.

Which of these new drills
catches your eye?

Hard to choose between these
slick new drills with that clean,
solid look every craftsman
recognizes? Why deny yourself
either one, when you can buy
both at your hardware store
for so httle?

MILLERS FALLS COMPANY
GREENFIELD, MASS.

No. 100 Automatic DrUl:
Exposed metal parts nickel
plated steel and buflFed
aluminum. Quick handle
return. 8 drill points
(1/16" to 11/64") in rug-
ged plastic handle. $3.50"

"Slightly higher in the west

Millers Falls Tools

Celebrating 80 Years of Toolmaking

shortest side of a triangle that 'will have
as much surface as the two other tri-
angles have. This is shown by Figs. 9
and 10, where the area of each triangle
is given with figures.

It should be remembered that in the
last three problems the shapes of the
surfaces must be proportionately the
same; however, the areas of the two
first surfaces may or may not be the
same.

WANTS TO KNOW

By H. H. Siegele

A reader sent me a pencil sketch of a
flattened sort of cove molding, wanting
to know how to cope such a molding
successfully without spending too much
time on it. I am showing how I solve
the problem by the following:

Fig. 1 top drawing, shows to the
right a cross section of the cove mold-
ing in place. This is the first piece. The
second piece is shown to the left, coped

^l-.^^^ S\N\\^

Coped

Fig. 1-A

and ready to be pushed into place, as in-
dicated by the dotted lines and arrows.
The two X's show where the trouble in
coping such moldings shows up. Even
if you take plenty of time in making
the coped joint fit, perhaps perfectly,
when the wood warps in seasoning, the
joint usually opens, and if in a conspicu-
ous place, it will look bad.

The bottom drawing shows how I
handle such joints. Instead of coping.
I miter both pieces. The cross section
to the right shows the first piece in
place. To the left is shown the second

AUTOMATIC
SAW SET

saw teeth automatically
on hand or band saws
— 400 per minute
without effort. Per-
fect hammer and anvil
action sets teeth uniformly
— No tooth breakage.

BURR MFG. COMPANY

WRITE
TODAY

AUTOIVIATIC
RETOOTHER

Cuts new saw teeth in 50
seconds — any size 4 to 16
points. Old teeth fall off
as chips. Easy to operate.
A perfect job.

8945-D Venice Blvd.
Los Angeles 34, Cal.

THE CARPENTER

piece, which was mitered and then
roughly coped, as sliown, leaving a little
margin of wood — enough to hold the
shape of the molding. This piece is then
pushed into place, and if the joint shows
open places, it is taken out and hlock
planed. If you have a trained judg-

Boflom We«

Fig, 1-B

ment, one or two trys in most cases
should make the joint fit. If you are that
good at judging, keep on trying until
you can make good joints with a mini-
mum expenditure of time. The reason

Alitered

Fig. 2

for roughly coping and leaving a little
margin, as shown to the left of the
bottom drawing, is that by doing this
there won't be mvich wood to plane off
in making the joint. A mitered joint can
be made without roughly coping, as I
show, but when a lot of wood has to
be planed off, it makes the job more

difficult. This is especially true when
the molding is made of rather hard
wood.

Fig. 2. shows what such a joint should
look like, when it is in place. The dot-
ted line shows how the first piece runs
through when the joint is coped. The
drawing shows what you would see if
you were looking straight up at the
joint. Hold the drawing directly above
von and you will see what I mean.

BE READY FOR
A BETTER JOB
AT BIGGER PAY

Thousands of

Trained Men

Will Be Needed

Tlie Building boom is well uuder way. New homes
and other structures to be built will in-ovide y tre-
mendous number of well-paid .iobs. Men trained
in Architecture. I)rafting. Contracting, Carpen-
try and related building trades will cash in BIG
on their knowledge and skill. YOU can train in
spare time at home, at low cost, for a big-pay
job in this rich field. American School can help
you to success just as it has helped others dur-
ing it 51 years. Check, fill in and mail coupon
NOW. for FREE information.

AMERICAN SCHOOL

Dept. B§44, Drexel Ave., at 38th St., Chicago 37, III.
Send me FREE information about your speri;il trainine
plan covering subjects checlied below.

n Achitecture & Building D Automotive Engineering
Q Drafting and Design D Diesel Engineering

D Contracting

n Practical Plumbing

D Air Conditioning

D Refrigeration

D Electrical Engineering

n Mechanical Engineering

O Plastics Engineering

D Aviation D Radia

D Business Management

D High School Couriei

CARPENTERS
HANDBOOK

consists of short but practical
rules for laying out roofs, ceil-
ings, hoppers, stairs and arches
tvith tables of board measure,
length of common, hip. valley
and jack rafters, square meas-
ure, etc. — also, rules for kerf-
ing. laying off gambrel loof and
explaining the steel square.
Money back if not satisfied

$1.00 postpaid

D. A. ROGERS

5344 Clinton Ave.
Minneapolis 9, Minn.

SAW CLAMP >^'"'

495

Speed Up Saw Filing!

Money-Bock

//^Guarantee

%. .

Money with or-
der, prepaid.
C.0.0. postage extra
Grips entire length of saw . . a full 'SO inches. Attache?
or releases from work bencli in only 15 seconds. Also can
be used for band saws. Made to last a lifetime. Sturdy
all steel construction. Gripping edges ground to hold en
tire length of saw true with Do vibration.

THE SPEED CORPORATION
203S-A N.E. SANDY PORTLAND 12, ORE.

THE CARPENTER

WANTS TO KNOW

By H. H. Siegele

A reader wants to know how to get
the edge bevel for dormer rafters that
are nailed on the sheeting of the main
roof. This rule applies to all regular
pitches: "Take 12 and the length of
the rafter per foot run on the square —
the larger of the two figures gives the

Fig. 1

bevel." In this case we have a 12 and
9 pitch, as shown by Fig. 1. As given
in figures, the rafter per foot run is 15
inches long. Then to obtain the edge
bevel for the dormer rafter, we take 12
and 15 on the square — the latter giving
the bevel. A detail of the application
of the square is shown by Fig. 2 — the
tongue giving the bevel.

^-^'^ ANCHOR SUPPORT
SOTO 10,000 LBS.

SoiU

PAINE

SCREW EXPANSION

ANCHORS

EASILY INSTALLED
CONCRETE
STONE

TILE
MARBLE

• RUST PROOF

• PRECISION THREADED

• SET FLUSH OR AT ANY
DESIRED DEPTH

• MACHINE SCREW
SIZES 6-32 through
5/8-11.

n /^^

•1®

- .•.•.••-•?>;?v

Screw anchored ob-
ject as tight as pos*
lible

Send for free catalog on all Paine Hang-
ing and Fastening Devices.

THE PAINE COMPANY

PAINE

fASTlNING nCl/l/-CC
and HANGING U L W I K C J

2967 CARROLL AVE., CHICAGO 14, ILL.

I suggest, instead of nailing the raf-
ters on the sheeting, that valley boards
be used, such as are shown by Fig. ^.
where a side of the main roof, lookincr
straight at it, is shown with the valley
boards for the dormer in place. The
dormer in this case has a run at the
gable of 6 feet. The distance from the
base of the gable to where the point of
the dormer dies into the main roof is
7 feet, 6 inches, as shown to the right.
To the left six applications of the

Fig. 2

square, giving the six steps for step-
ping off the length of the valley boards,
are shown. The figures used for step-
ping off are 12 and 15, or 12 and the i
length of the rafter for a foot run. Fig.
2 shows a detail of the application of
the square for stepping off the valley
boards. Here the blade gives the side |
bevel of the bottom cut of the valley
boards, while the tongue gives the bevel
of the top cut.

Fig.

The edge bevel for the bottom cut of
the valley boards is obtained by taking
17 and the diagonal distance between
12 and 15, or 19.21. Dividing both 17
and 19.21 by 2 will make the figures
more practical, or S^i and 9%, minus.
The arm on which 9 ^g is used will give
the bevel.

NOTICE

Th8 publishers of "The Carpenter" reserve the
right to reject all advertisinc matter which may
be. In their jiidKCnent, unfair or ol)jectionable to
the membership of tlie United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America.

AH Contracts for advertisins space in "The Car-
penter," includlnit those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only acceptcil subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories

Page

£. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis,

Ind. 4th Cover

Burr Mfg. Co., Los Angeles, Cal. 44

Corweld Supply Co., Los An-
geles, Cal. 48

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 48

Heston & Anderson, Fairfield,

Iowa. 1

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, III 3rd Cover

Master Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y. 4

Millers Falls Co., Greenfield,

Mass. 44

Nicholls Mfg. Co., Ottumwa, la. 47

The Paine Co., Chicago, 111 46

Quick Sander Sales Co., Long

Beach, Cal. 4

Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore. 43

The Speed Co., Portland, Ore 48

The Speed Corp., Portland, Ore— 45

Stanley Tools, New Britain, Conn._3rd Cover

The E. A. Stevens Level Co.,

Newton Falls, Ohio. 48

Technical Courses and Books

American School, Chicago, 111 45

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago, III. 47

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y. 3rd Cover

Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111. 3

R. C. Morrone, Philadelphia,

Pa- 48

A. Riechers, Palo Alto, Cal. 4

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 45

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans.__ 43

Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo 48

KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE FAMILY!

PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS

QBIG BUILDING BOOKS

12th Edition for
EXAMINATION

SEND NO MONEY

Learn to drtvr plus, estimate, be t Ilve-wlre builder, do

remodelinK. take contracting: jobs. Tlicso 9 practical, pro-
fusely illustrated boofcs cover subjects that will help Tou
to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con-
crete forms, carpentry, .'iteel si|uare, roof framinK. construc-
tion, plumbing, heating, pahiting, decorating and many
other subjects. More than 4iJ(lO pages — 27.50 Illustrations.

UP-TO-DATE

EDITION

These books ire
the most up-to-
date and complete
we have ever pub-
lished on these
many subjects.
Examination

BETTER JOBS - BETTER PAY

A nationwide building boom is In full
swing and trained men are needed.
Big opportunities are always for MEN
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup-
ply quick, easily understood training and
bandy, permanent reference information
that helps solve building problems.

Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For

\MERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Publishers since 1898

Dept. G836 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.

You may ship me the I'p-to-Date edition of your nine
big books, "Building, Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charges
only, and If fully satisfied In ten days. I will send you
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In tnr
way unless I keep the books.

Name

Address

City State

Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
tddress, and name and address of at least one business
man as reference. Men in service, also give bom* address.

FOR MAXIMUM, lONG-llFE ACCURACY-

e*umM, STEVENS LEVELS'.

Since 1919 carpenters have found Stevens
Levels to be "tops" in accuracy and
dependability. "Catseye" vials are easy
to read and protected on both sides with
heavy glass lenses.

There's a Stevens for every level need. Uocondition*
ally guaranteed. Available at dealers everywhere.

T H E E A 0 1 1 V 1 1 15 tt Vt L C 0 M P A N Y

NEWTON FALLS, OHIO

Any tjser will tell you thai Nicholls 100-A Square
(shown here) is the finest square a carpenter can
own. No other square carries oil the information
shown on this square. Here's strictly a Master-
Mechanic's Tool accurately made by master crafts-
men. See if at your locol hardware store.

NICHOLLS MANUFACTURING CO.

OTTUMWA, IOWA

Noi^.

ycurOi^"

SAW. FILER

Saves Yee Time, Money

Now yoo ctn do expert *«w filing M
home. Liretime tool mikei precisioa
filing etiy for cren the most ioexpcri-
caced. Two simple tdjustmenu auk«
it fit uy typ« h-tad taw. Keep jrour
tiws extra shirp ind true-aatiing with
I Speed Saw Filer. Complete with file,
-eady to oie. Money back guaraotee.
Cash with order, prepaid. (COJ>.,
po.ttAge extra-)

THE SPEED COMPANY

D*»1. A 2035 N.L Sandy, Portland 12, Or*.

ORDER TODAY!

"LUMBER MEASUREMENT BOOK"

FOR A SQUARE COUXT

Teaches Lineal, Square and Board
Feet of any Thickness, Width and
Length.

CONTAINS
Illustrations, Tallies, Tables, Formu-
las, for any Piece or Bundle, etc.

1 book $1.50

2 books $2.00

School
Rates

6 books for

S500

R. C. MORROXE

BOX 8911 PHILADELPHIA 35, PA.

CASiA

MACHINE SAW FILING PAYS TP TO
S2 or ?3 an hour. With a Foley Saw Filer
you can file all hand sa"ws. also band and
cross-cut circular saws. It is easy to
operate — simple adjustments — no eyestrain.
Start AT HOME in basement or garage.
Patented jointing principle evens up all
irregular teeth and makes an old saw cut
just like new.

Send Coupon for

FREE PLAN

Xo canrassing neeessarr — "I ad-
venistd in our local paper and
got in 93' saws — I only worfe spare
time at present" sa.vs M.
L. T., Ohio. L. H. M.
New Tork, writes: "I
made about $900 in spare
time last year." Tou can
Bet IMMEDIATE DE-
LITERT on a Foley Saw
Filer. Send coupon today
— no obligation.

FOLEY^^^^£^^»»^SAW FIIER J

FOLEY MANUFACTURING CO.

1 1 18-8 Foley Bldg., Minneopolii 18. MinnB5olo

Send Free Plan tin Saw Filinj business, oo obli|alioit

J^'ame

Address _

Guarantee:

If you are not

satisfied with

this tool within 30

days return it and

money will be refunded.

S2^^

Each
Postpaid

ROOF FRAMING

NOW EASY AS ABC

WITH

SLIDE SQUARE

Quickly gives both plumb and level cuts
for all rafters with one setting. Has com-
plete scale to easily compute lengths of
common, hip and valley rafters, also
gives difference in lengths of jack rafters
on 16 & 24 inch centers for all different
roof pitches. Movable Protractor arm ad-
justs to any degree angle or for any
polygon cuts. Can be used as try or
bevel square. Made of anodized dural—
will not rust or tarnish.

CORWELD SUPPLY COJIPAXY

p. 0. Box, 561, Hyde Park Station, Los Angeles 43, Gal.

LEARN TO ESTIMATE

If you are ambitious to have your own bnal-
ness and be your own boss the "Tambl3ni
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.

By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guid2uice of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.

Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75
and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.

Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.

TAMBLYN SYSTEW

Johnson Building C-23, Denver 2, Colorado

tAt Every stroke counts with a Stanley Chisel. Takes a
sharp edge and holds it longer because it's first quality chisel
steel, carefully heat treated. Tempered all the way back to
the shank for repeated re-grindings. Made in all the popular
styles and sizes . . . with leather-capped hickory handles,
composition handles and composition capped with steel.
Stanley Tools, 163 Elm St., New Britain, Conn.

Stanley Wood Chisel
No. 750

THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD

[STANLEYli

Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.

HARDWARE HAND TOOLS ELECTRIC TOOLS

EVERYTHING

This one tool— its com-
panion table stand— and
its many accessories
equip you with a hand
saw . . . table saw . . .
shaper...face or drum
Sander . . . wire brush
. . . and grinder. See it
at your MALL Daeler's
TO-DAY.

MALL TOOL COMPANY

1751 South Chicago Avenue, Chicago, 19, Illinois

AUDELS Carpenters
and Builders Guides

^^^^^4vois.*6

Y ..49^ ^^mxM^M InsideTrade Information

for Carpenters, Builders. Join-
ers. Building: Mechanics and all
Woodworkers. These Goid«s
give yoa the short-cut instruc-
tions that yon want— including
new methods, ideas, si'latiuns,
plans, systems and money sav-
ing suffgcslions. An easy pro-
gressive course for the appren-
tice and Btudent. A practical
daily helper and Quick Refer-
ence for the master worker.
Carpenters everywhere are a»-
ing these Guides as a Uetpinff
Hand to Easier Work, Better
Work and Better Pay. To itet
this assistance for yourself.

Inside Trade Information On: mSf ^reeT coupon boiow.

How to use the steel square — How to file and

set saws — ^How to build lurnlture — Bow to use

a mitre box — How to use the chalk line — How

to use rules and scales — ^How to make joints —

Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration

problems — Estimating strength of timbers —

How to set girders and sills — How to frame

houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How

to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.

— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up

specifications — How to excavate — How to use

settings 12. 13 and 17 on the steel square — How

to build hoists and scaffolds — skylights — How

to build stairs — How to put on Interior trim — ,

How to hang doors^ — How to latli — lay lloors — How to paint

AUDEL, Pubrishers, 49 W. 23rd St..' New York 10, N. Y.

Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' lr*«
trial. If OK I will rcn-iit $1 In 7 davs and $1 monthly until S6 Is paid.
—Otherwise I will return them. No oblieation unless I am satisfied.

Name-

Occupatlon-

Employed by-

CAR

"ITHINS tlWtTi *HUg"

All over the country carpenters are finding tliat when]
they switch to Atkins "Silver Steel" Saws in their portablej
power machines their cutting jobs become easier.
That's because Atkins Saws cut faster, straighter, cleoner. They run|
cooler even in gummy wood. Made with famous Atkins "Silver Steel, J
they keep the razor-keeness that means smoother cutting, less effort]
for the man behind the saw.

Whether it is rip, crosscut or mitre, there's an Atkins Blade toj
zip through the toughest jobs easier. When you switch to Atkins youj
put new life in your power saws.

NOTE: While Atkins does not manufacture portable maehinea,
many leading machine manufacturers look to Atkins for ttlades.

E. C. ATKINS AND COMPANY, Indianopolis 9, Indiana^

MAKERS OF BETTER SAW $ FOR EVERY CUTTING JOB'
Hand Saw$ • Crosscuts • Circular Saws • Hack Saws • Back Saws-
Compass and Key Hole Saws • Coping Saws

fHE

MPENTER

FOUNDED 1881

OfHeial Publication of the
UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS of AMERICA

DECEMBER, 1948

MANY lumber dealers have handled Upson Products
for 35 years.

Hundreds have handled Upson Products for more
than 25 years. Thousands more have handled Upson
Products for more than 15 years.

Practically without exception in city after city —
town after town across the country, you will find that the
oldest, most successful, most respected dealer in the com-
mionity sells Upson Products.

Through the years, these men have built stable,
profitable businesses by unwavering determination to give
the customer the most his money will buy. Their never-
failing loyalty to quaUty has made it possible for us to keep
our own quality standards at the highest possible point.

Ovir long association with so many quality-conscious
dealers is an asset we prize beyond price.

So again at Year's End, as is our custom, we wish
fo publicly express our warnnest appreciation.

UPSON

lamiftafecf

PANELS

THE UPSON COMPANY

Lockport, New York

:¥: . » '

' \ ,^'".s'^< \% *

f^-.

Enjoy the Economy of Qualify

The saw most
. carpenters use

j'.^<'

DISSTON D-8 HANDSAW

tAe6'ium Weigbf, Skew Back

Made of the world famous
Disston saw steel. Stays sharp
longer, lasts longer, too. True
taper ground for faster, easier,
truer cutting. Perfect balance
carries force of thrust direct "T**>^
to cutting edge. All stan- VrHTi
dard lengths and points \^ j^j
... in cross-cut and rip. Jsj-mJu

Ask your Hardware Retailer

HENRY DISSTON & SONS, INC.

1204 Tacony, Philadelphia 35, Pa.. U.S.A.

In Canada, Write: 2-20 Frastr Ave., Toroots 1, OdL

The white bonded finish on the tape
of Brite-Blade protects it against rust
and corrosion — it's actually a perma-
nent porcelain-like finish that will not
crack or peel even when it's bent or
folded. Jet black graduations contrast
sharply with its w^hite backgi-ound and
make for easy visibility. Case of chrome-
plated zinc alloy withstands roughest
treatment — a favorite among men who
are unusually hard on steel tape rules.
6 and 8 foot lengths.

The STEEL TAPE
That Laughs at
Dampness !

lui/Mi;'/'i';MW'i'iNMMi|iiMMiiuMHi|irMMi|MMMi nH\v\\

rrrri .,,i:f-,l,,.,.,.i,,.r7rl .,", . , . i . , . f:^ I . , . , , , . i . .1^. I . ~-'

Blades Replaceable

See your hardware dealer or use coupon.

WOODi AND TAPEi RULES 1

ilijJaduiiMtfiteijmLLiLijljiLLjj ;

MASTER RULE MFG. CO., INC.

201 Main Street, White Plains, New York
Please send me

306W- 6 ft. BrlteBlade-SI .75
308W~ 8 ft. Brite-Blade-$1.90
3I0W-I0 ft. BrHe-Blade-$2.25

My check (or Money Order) is enclosed.

NAME

ADDRESS-
CITY

-STATE.

E-12

A Monthly Journal, Owned and Published by the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners

of America, for all its Members of all its Branches.

PETER E. TERZICK, Editor

Carpenters' Building, 222 E. Michigan Street, Indianapolis, 4, Indiana

Established in 1881
Vol. LXVIII — No. 12

IXDIAXAPOIilS, DECE:MBER, 1948

One Dollar Per Year
Ten Cents a Copy

— Con tents —

A. Worthwhile Proposition

With living costs zooming steadily up^A/ard, today's dollar bill is hardly the equiva-
lent of a 1930 fifty-cent piece. While all working families are hard hit by inflation, it
is those families v/hich lose their breadwinner that suffer most. Brotherhood death
benefit schedules which seemed adequote in 1930 when they were set are wholly inade-
quate today. Consequently the General Executive Board proposes a 100% increase in
benefits, coupled with a 25c per member per month increase in the per capita tax
to cover cost of same.

The Job Is Not Finished

What About the Polls i

Although labor scored a tremendous victory on November 2nd, the threat of further
anti-labor legislation is not eliminated. The anti-labor forces in Congress and the various
state legislatures are sure to be heard from again;— which means labor must keep its
political action powder dry.

- - - 10

Do public opinion polls try to Influence public opinion one 'way or another in elec-
tions? At least one prominent labor leader thinks so. If this is so, something should
be done about straw polls. On the other hand, such polls can influence opinion only
so long as people have confidence in them. After last month's bobble, any confidence
the general public may have had in pre-election polls is badly shaken if not eliminated
entirely.

Expert Explodes Redwood Myth

An old time v^orker in the Redwoods clears up some misconceptions concerning the
exceptional properties of the products of the Redwood Tree.

OTHER DEPARTMENTS

Plane Gossip

Official

Editorials

In ]Meinoriani

Corresi>ondence -

To the Ladies

Craft Problems

10
19
24

35
41
42

Index to Advertisers

Entered July 22, 1915, at INDIANAPOLIS, IND., as second class maU matter, under Act of

Congress, Aug. 24, 1912. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for

in Section 1103, act of October 3, 1917, authorized on July 8, 1918.

CARPENTERS

BUILDERS and APPRENTICES

THOROUGH TRAINING IN BUILDING
Learn at Home In Your Spare Time

The successful builder will tell you
that the way to the top-pay jobs and
success in Building is to get thorough
knowledge of blue prints, building con-
struction and estimating.

In this Chicago Tech Course, you learn to
read blue prints — the universal language of the
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^ IVorthwhile Proposition

IN this inflation-mad age, the cost of everything we eat or
drink or wear or use has increased tremendously. Food costs
have tripled in the last ten years. Clothing costs have dou-
bled and just about everything else has increased in proportion.
From the angle of purchasing power, today's dollar is hardly
worth a 1940 fifty cent piece.

While today's inflation creates a burden for all ordinary
people, it places an especially heavy burden on those whose in-
come decreases or disappears altogether. Although wages lag
considerably behind today's sky-high prices, they have gone up
nevertheless. Families with employed breadwinners can get by.
It is those families that lose their breadwinners that really feel
the pinch of inflation. What money they have at their command
buys less than half as much as it would ten years ago. A rainy
day bank account which seemed ample to meet an emergency
in 1940 is hardly enough to take care of the barest essentials in
1948.

By the same token, the dollars paid out by our Brotherhood
in death benefits have shrunk by at least fifty per cent because of
inflation. A $300.00 death donation today is scarcely the equiva-
lent of $150 donation in 1915, the year when the present benefit
schedule was set. Consequently, hardships are accruing to bene-
ficiaries of deceased members in many, many instances. Benefits
that seemed reasonable in the depression year of 1930 have
shrunk so much through the inflation of the last ten years that
today they fail to meet simple essentials.

In view of these facts, the General Executive Board, meeting
in Cincinnati a few weeks ago, in answer to the many requests,
deemed it advisable to recommend a one hundred per cent
(100%) increase in death benefit schedules, coupled with a
twenty-five cent (25c) per month per member increase in the
per capita tax paid to the International Union by Local Unions
on individual members to cover cost of same.

This recommendation of the General Executive Board will
go out to the membership in the form of a referendum as soon as
necessary arrangements can be completed. To every member
who has the welfare of his family at heart, it should be of vital
interest.

While the proposition put forth by the General Executive
Board recommends only a twenty-five cent per month increase
in per capita tax, at the same time it recommends a 100%

6 THECARPENTER

increase in death benefits. Instead of being $300.00, the maxi-
mum death benefit would thereby be increased to $600.00. Under
the circumstances, the additional twenty-five cents per month
constitutes one of the very few bargains available today. At
twenty-five cents per month — which is three dollars per year —
it would take 100 years to accumulate $300.00; yet a twenty-five
cent per month increase in per capita tax could bring many
Brotherhood members as much as $300.00 more in benefit protec-
tion. Added to this would be a 100% increase in wife's funeral
donation — an additional $75.00 in most cases. Every Brother-
hood member would get many dollars worth of protection for
twenty-five cents per month additional.

On these grounds alone, every member should give serious
consideration to the proposition put forth by the General Execu-
tive Board. In this day and age, when every worker gets less
and less for his money, a proposition that offers considerably
more for the money cannot be passed up lightly. Every member
owes it to himself and his family to realize the advantages of
the Executive Board's proposition and the necessity of voting
for it. It takes no economist to figure out that at today's prices
the present death benefit schedule is inadequate. And it takes
no mathematician to figure out that the proposition voted by the
Executive Board is more than worthwhile. At today's prices the
twenty-five cent piece has become practically worthless. Yet in
this instance a twenty-five cent piece per month will buy pro-
tection amounting to many, many dollars.

There is not a single business enterprise in the nation today
trying to operate on the same basis on which it operated in 1930.
Businessmen know it would be suicide to try to do so. The
thinking worker also realizes that this is a new day and age;
that today's dollars are not the dollars of 1930. He knows he
cannot operate under the same conditions that prevailed in 1930.

The one thing for which a worker spends his money that in-
flation has not driven sky-high is unionism. By and large, union
dues have increased far less than anything else in these infla-
tionary times, despite the fact that union dollars like all other
dollars buy only half what they did a few years ago.

From a straight dollars and cents angle, the proposition
advanced by the General Executive Board offers members a rare
bargain — something which is not often seen these days. Any
member who analyzes it and realizes the advantages it offers
cannot help but back it enthusiastically. By voting it in, mem-
bers can make twenty-five cents a month mean something in a
day and age when the twenty-five cent piece has all but lost its
value as currency. The opportunity may be a long time in
coming again.

THE JOB IS NOT FINISHED

"1^ T OVEMBER 2n(i will long stand out as a red letter day for organ-
^L ized labor, for it was on that day that the union members of the
•^ nation showed the world what intelligent political cooperation can

do. Contrary to the unanimous predictions of all the political experts,
labor went to the polls in a tremendous surge of protest against the anti-
labor legislation passed by the 8oth Congress. When the votes were count-
ed virtually all the anti-labor candidates who had considered themselves as
good as elected were left at home talking to themselves. It was a labor
victory pure and simple.

The great showing made by labor was no accident. Rather it was the
result of months of hard, gruelling work by untold thousands of union
men from coast to coast. Interna-

tional unions, local unions, district
councils, state federations and cen-
tral bodies all came through mag-
nificently. Thousands upon thou-
sands of union members and officers
sacrificed their evenings and week-
ends to political activities. Untold
numbers dug deep into their pockets
(despite today's tremendous living
costs) to help finance registration
and educational drives among their
fellow workers. Many many more
worked day and night mailing out
literature, making radio speeches,
contacting voters, and making them-
selves useful in general. But, most
important of all. millions upon
millions went to the polls on elec-
tion day despite sickness, bad
weather or personal difficulties. The
time, work and money put forth
were tremendous, but the results
were worth it.

Our own Brotherhood played a
stellar part in the campaign, and
every member has a right to be
proud of the contribution our un-
ion made. District Councils, State

Councils, Ladies' Auxiliaries and
Local Unions from coast to coast
formed non-partisan committees,
raised voluntary contributions and
cooperated closely with the United
Brotherhood Non-partisan Commit-
tee. They worked hand-in-hand
with local labor groups. They mail-
ed out hundreds of thousands of
pamphlets, posters, and campaign
pieces prepared by the United Bro-
therhood Non-partisan Committee.
Added together, the cumulative ef-
fort put forth by subordinate bodies
of the Brotherhood and the General
Office accounted for a substantial
part of the total labor efifort. On
November 8th the United Brother-
hood Nonpartisan Committee mail-
ed out a sincere letter of thanks to
groups which did such effective
work.

Extent of the labor victory chalk-
ed up on November 2nd can be
gleaned from a study of election re-
sults. Seventeen pro-Taft-Hartley
Senators will not be back. Two
were defeated in the primaries;

THE CARPENTER

eight were defeated in the general
election; and seven were not candi-
dates for re-election. In place of
these, twelve new men friendly to-
ward labor were sent to the Senate.
In the House, the results were
equally emphatic. Some io6 men
with poor labor records were voted
out of office. On the other hand,
some 172 candidates backed by labor
were elected. Added together,
these results proved to the world
that the labor vote is no myth.

Praise for the part played by the
United Brotherhood Non-partisan
Committee has been received from
many sections of the nation. From
New Mexico, where a vicious anti-
labor bill was voted down, the State
Council of Carpenters wrote :

"We have already wi r e d you
about the great victory of organ-
ized labor in New Mexico in de-
feating the so-called "Right to
Work" Bill. The score right now is
60,000 to 41,000 — giving us a margin
on 19,000. Inasmuch as there are
not over 15,000 members of organ-
ized labor in the entire State, you
will be able to appreciate how much
our campaign influenced the general
public and turned public opinion in
our favor.

"This is why the assistance the
Council received from you, as well
as your assistance to the Albuquer-
que Carpenters, which was used on
a statewide basis, has been so valu-
able."

From Peter A. Reilly, Secretary
of the Boston District Council, a
similar letter was received. In part,
it said :

"It gives me great pleasure to tell
you how much this Council and dis-
trict appreciate the great work done
by your office in its effort to help
labor in the issues involved in the
election which just gave us our

greatest victory in its history. The
many attractive circulars and post-
ers that we used from this office
and from Local Union 40 did a
marvelous job of awakening our
members and others in this district
to the gravity of the situation and
the importance of every citizen do-
ing his bit for the workers of our
district and the nation.

"It is the feeling of our members
in general and those in Local Union
40 in particular, that your depart-
ment did a grand job in circulariz-
ing the district in such a convincing
manner through the literature that
you distributed."

From Minnesota, where Joe Ball,
one of the loudest of the anti-labor-
ites in the 8oth Congress went down
to defeat under an avalanche of un-
ion votes, there also came a letter,
or rather a copy of a letter. It was
written to the Twin Cities District
Council by Hubert H. Humphrey,
the man who unseated Ball. Dated
October 22nd, it said :

"Will you please express to your
membership my grateful apprecia-
tion of the literature they have sup-
plied to my campaign for the Unit-
ed States Senate.

"Will you please also express to
your International Union my con-
gratulations for having issued the
liveliest piece of literature devoted
to getting-out-the-vote that I have
seen.

"Thank you also for your per-
sonal help in my behalf."

Other letters have been received
from many other sections of the na-
tion. They have come both from
subordinate bodies of our Brother-
hood and from other labor organ-
izations and political groups. Com-
mendation of the overall part play-
ed by our Brotherhood in the labor
victory has been almost universal.

THE CARPENTER

Gratifying as last month's victory
was, labor cannot consider its re-
sponsibilities fulfilled thereby. The
task is still far from finished. The
anti-labor forces are not giving up ;
they are merely consolidating their
forces and preparing for another
fight another day. The political ma-
chinery which labor has set up must
be maintained and kept ready for
action in future elections. Our non-
partisan committees must be kept
intact. They must meet occasionally
to. study the political picture. They
must continue their educational pro-
grams for keeping members inform-
ed of political issues and develop-
ments. They must concentrate on
keeping members registered. And
lastly, they must keep sufficient vol-
untary contributions rolling in to
finance their activities.

It must be realized that despite
last month's election victory, labor
will only have thirty-eight tried and

true friends in the Senate out of
ninety-six. In the House labor will
have some 172 avowed friends— far
less than the 218 needed for a ma-
jority. This means that the need for
political action is as great as it ever
was. Your United Brotherhood
Non-partisan Committee is going to
continue functioning. It is going to
continue making studies of politi-
cal problems. From time to time it
is going to send out literature and
pertinent material, looking forward
to 1950. Tabor last month showed
what can be done when we all com-
bine our efforts. If the same spirit
of enthusiasm and cooperation is
maintained all the way down the
line, the working people of the na-
tion can achieve a complete victory
in 1950 and a better and happier
nation for ourselves and our chil-
dren and children's children. But to
do so we must continue working and
cooperating. We have another date
on November 7, 1950.

Housing Official Asks Greater Labor Leadership

Speaking before the 6 7th convention of the American Federation of Labor,
Lee F. Johnson, executive vice-president of the National Public Housing Con-
ference, congratulated that body on its magnificent victory on November 2 and
predicted that it will eventually mean a substantial number of homes for those in
the greatest need.

Johnson stressed the fact, however, that regardless of the kind of legislation
that may go on the statute books in the 81st Congress, it will be only as effective
as those who are charged with its administration.

"The plea of the National Public Housing Conference is that labor increase,
not decrease its leadership on the housing front. Believe me," he stated, "the
finest subsidiary of the real estate lobby has been the Federal Housing Admin-
istration."

"Throughout the recent life and death battle for a decent social economy in
America did we hear a national housing official offer a pennj'^'s worth of leadership?
The President carried on a great constructive fight," Johnson said, "but his housing
lieutenants were tremendously evident by their vast quiet."

Johnson's plea to the convention was for a fighting labor leadership greater than
ever evidenced before. He urged a program of public low-rent housing, slum
clearance and re-development of our cities, decent rural housing, a better housing
research program, greater federal, state and local aids to families of middle income
— all coupled with a fighting leadership on the part of those charged with admin-
istering a new housing program for all of the people. "A leadership in the interest
of the consumer of homes rather than merely in the interest of money lenders,"
he concluded.

5IP

NOT MUCH OP A CURE

As this is being written, Nationalist
forces of China are locked in mortal
combat with the Reds. The outcome may
well settle the fate of the country.
Month in and month out the Red hordes
have pushed their way across the nation
sweeping everything before them, de-
spite the aid sent to Nationalists by our
government. More aid for China is pro-
posed but somehow or other the situa-
tion reminds us of the hilbilly doctor
treating the mountaineer for a terrible
fever.

After an all-night vigil beside the
patient, the doctor announced to the
wife: "Well, his fever is broken."

"You mean he is going to get well?"
asked the wife.

"No, he's agoner," replied the doctor,
"but you will have the satisfaction of
knowing he died cured."
* • •
NO SURPRISE

A health lecturer reports that meat
eaters are twice as active as vegetarians.

That is not a surprise to us. Consider-
ing the price of meat today, eaters
thereof have to keep mighty active if
they want to eat any.

^^0 Vv if

^^m

pl^

"^T^9w

.^^

All I wnat to know is what gave you
the idea I wanted a baby sister last
Christmas f

BOTH HAVE AN OBLIGATION

The election is now over. The people
have had their chance to speak and
they did so. The results are final. For
the next few years the men whom you
and I sent to Washington and our State
Capitals will bear the responsibility of
leading the ship of state through trou-
bled waters. If some of them are men
we opposed, we as citizens nevertheless
must remember that they represent the
will of the people. We are free to criti-
cize them and check up on them, but
so long as they remain in office we
must respect them as our chosen lead-
ers.

On the other hand, the successful
candidates owe us something too. They
owe us honesty and integrity. They
owe us forthrightness and open minded-
ness. Above all, they owe us a sacred
debt to fulfill the promises they made
in their pre-election pledges. Too often
this has not been done. In fact an old
time southern politician summed up the
situation by saying:

"Campaign platforms are like the
steps of a railroad car; made not to
stand on but rather to get in on."

BEHIND THE IRON CURTAIN

Three managers of chicken farms in
Russia, so the story goes, were being
questioned by an investigator. "What
you feed your chickens?" he asked the
first.

"Corn."

"You're under arrest! We use corn
to feed people."

The second overheard this conversa-
tion and tried to play it safe. When
asked "What do you feed your chick-
ens?" he answered, "Corn husks."

"You're under arrest! We make cloth
out of husks."

Turning to the third, the investigator
asked: "What do you feed your chick-
ens?"

"Who, me?" countered the guy, "why
I give my chickens the money and tell
them to go and buy their own food."

THE CARPENTER

A FIRST CLASS TENANT

Speaking of elections, the late Chief
Justice Hughes used to tell a good one
on himself. Shortly after being elected
Governor of New York for a second
time he was entertaining a friend in
the executive mansion. The friend
looked the place over thoroughly and
was very much impressed.

"You certainly have a handsome
place here," remarked the visitor at
the end of his tour of inspection.

Remembering the bitterness of the
recently concluded campaign, Hughes
retorted;

"Yes, John, it is. But you will never
realize the hard time I had getting the
landlord to renew the lease."

DUBIOUS BARGAIN

Among the anti-labor candidates who
bit the dust in last month's upset vic-
tory was Senator Joe Ball of Minne-
sota. In no uncertain terms the citizens
of the great State of Minesota gave Ball
a mandate to pick up his marbles and
go home.

Prior to election time there were
persistent rumors floating around the
country that Ball would go to work for
one of the Big Business lobbies at a
fabulous salary if he failed to make the
grade on November 2nd. Having failed
to do so, we should soon know whether
or not there was any truth in the
rumors.

In view of the emphatic way in which
the people turned thumbs down on Ball,
any lobby that hires him to build good
will will be placing itself in the position
of the farmer who bought the horse
at auction. The horse was old and sway-
back and bowlegged and wheezy, but
the farmer bought it anyway. After put-
ting it in the barn, he gave it some feed
and water. However, the horse refused
to eat or drink. The farmer watched it
awhile and soon there came a hopeful
gleam in his eye.

"Boy," he said to himself excitedly,
"if only this nag is a good worker, I
sure got a bargain."

IT OOULD BE AVORSE

In the last year, America has poured
billions into Europe in the form of the
Marshall Plan. Despite all this, tensions,

mistrust, and animosities are as great
as ever. It all sort of reminds us of the
battalion that was on a thirty-mile hike
in Texas. After marching three hours,
the major halted a farmer and asked,
"How far is it to Houston?"

"About ten miles," replied the far-
mer.

The battalion plodded on for several
more hours. Finally the major spied
another native. "How far is it to Hous-
ton,?" he asked.

"About ten miles," replied the na-
tive.

The major said nothing but started
his men marching. After another two
weary hours, they finally met another
farmer.

"How far is it to Houston?" wearily
inquired the major.

"About ten miles," was again the
reply.

Sadly turning around to face his men,
the major said: "Well, anyway, boys,
we're holding our own."

PAUP IS NEVER LICKED

Undaunted by his recent defeat as
Thirteenth Party candidate for presi-
dent, Joe Paup, pool room philosopher
and eternal optimist, recently opined.

"A writer of health notes predicts
that in fifty years kissing will have died
out. But in fifty years I won't give a
hang."

Hon- docs she expect to sell that stuff,
when Santa Claus just gives it awayt

In view of the November 2nd bobble — ■

IVhat About The Polls?

• •

OUTSIDE of the smashing upset scored by the labor vote on Novem-
ber 2nd, the most surprising aspect of the election was the com-
plete discrediting of the numerous political commentators, edi-
torial writers and poll takers. One and all they predicted a landslide for
Dewey and a walkaway victory for the anti-labor forces which put over
the Taft-Hartley Law. So emphatic were they in their predictions that
many newspapers and magazines went to press headlining a great victory
for Dewey. Ever since they have been trying to explain away their inex-
plicable mistake.

This naturally brings up the question, just how reliable are the public
opinion polls? Certainly the election gave one emphatic answer to this

question. The answer was that pre-

What various groups intend to do
should show up in any honest
sample. Saying that one group did
this or another group did that after
the ballots are counted does not
change the picture any. If polls
were valid they would really find
out what various classes of voters
intended to do on election day.

Outside of the fact the public
opinion polls have proved to be
none too reliable, there is another
disquieting aspect to the whole situ-
ation. Heretofore at least, polls have
had a considerable influence on pub-
lic opinion. Wrongly used and ma-
nipulated, they could have consti-
tuted a powerful weapon in the
hands of people interested in pro-
moting certain candidates or a cer-
tain party. Were the public opinion
polls used in such a manner during
this election? At least one labor
leader thinks so. Speaking in Pitts-
burgh over a week before election,
George M. Harrison, president of
the Railway Clerks, charged that
the polltakers and newspapers were
working hand in glove to keep
workers home on election day. He
charged there was a plot to sell

election polls are very little better
than the guesses you or I make.
From beginning to end the polls
were wrong. They were wrong in
their predictions on the presiden-
tial race ; they were wrong on their
predictions on control of the House
and Senate and they were wrong on
their predictions in most races for
state governorships. In fact they
were as wrong as most guessers
were.

The great boast of the public
opinion researchers has always
been that their methods are scien-
tific ; that they do not use guess-
work; that their results are authen-
tic and reliable. Despite the elec-
tion results they are still singing
the same old song. Today they are
developing all sorts of fancy theo-
ries to explain their election failure.
"This group did that" or "that group
did this" is their story now. Sup-
posedly these things threw their
predictions out of kilter.

On the very face of it these ex-
cuses are invalid. What public opin-
ion polls supposedly do is take a
decent sample of public sentiment
and base predictions on the sample.

THE CARPENTER

workers on the idea that the election
was in the bag for the Tories and
that therefore there was no use in
going to the polls.

He asserted that some of the men
who conduct public opinion polls
had been fixing up their predic-
tions to produce that efifect.

Harrison pointed out that Gal-
lup's interviewers sample an aver-
age of 3,000 or 4,000 out of 90,000,-
000 eligible voters in the country.
Voters who give their preferences
are broken down into economic
groups, and Gallup seeks to deter-
mine how many in each group will
actually vote.

"Right there is the catch," the
union leader said. "Mr. Gallup can
estimate pretty closely how many
wealthy people will vote, since near-
ly all of them do so in every elec-
tion. He can do the same with law-
yers and others. But when he tries
to estimate how many working peo-
ple will vote, Mr. Gallup just makes
a wild guess. Then he multiplies the
sample by the guess and announces
what he calls 'a trend.'

"Now you know, and I know, that
the working people in the United
States this year will vote in greater
numbers than ever before. We have
generally smashed all registration
records. Mr. Gallup's guess, based
on other election years, isn't worth
a cent this year.

"Why, then, does Mr. Gallup is-
sue his predictions based on his
guess? Well, he wants to sell his
service to the newspapers. The
newspapers want Mr. Dewey elect-
ed. They all want us to be discour-
aged, stay home, and let Dewey win
by default.

"We know it won't work this time.
Labor will lick that election day
hookworm this year. We'll be there
to vote. We'll have our relatives
and friends with us. We'll show

these newspapers, Mr. Gallup and
Mr. Dewey that they can't take the
American labor vote for granted."

If George Harrison is right; if it
is possible for straw vote takers
to rig their results so that elections
can be influenced substantially, then
something should be done about
straw votes. On the other hand,
however, straw votes are effective
in a propaganda sense only so long
as people have faith in them. Con-
sidering the enormity of the bobble
the poll takers made last month, any
confidence the public might have
had in them is certainly weakened
if not eliminated entirely. Never
again will any thinking American
place any great credence in what
the polls predict. As a result the
polls may wither on the vine and
pass out of the picture of their
own volition from a lack of public
confidence.

To anyone who knows how public
opinion researchers function, the
findings of such groups have not
carried much weight even before
election. These groups do not spring
up just before election time, al-
though election years are their bon-
anzas. They operate year in and year
out whether there is an election on
or not. When they are not delv-
ing into political crystal ball gaz-
ing they are selling their services to
private firms. You can hardly turn
on your radio without hearing some
oily-voiced announcer saying, "Sur-
veys show that nine people out of
ten prefer Gumboil Toothpaste."
Well, some public opinion research
organization made the survey on
which the announcer based his state-
ments.

By some strange coincidence, the
product the research group is work-
ing for always comes out on top. It
is always preferred by three people
out of four or six people out of ten

THE CARPENTER

even if you personally know the
product stinks. Isn't that a lovely
arrangement? The polls never shovv^
that the product footing the bill is
third or fifth choice of the people;
it is always exactly first- — and al-
ways by an overwhelming majority.

How the results can be so uni-
formly good for the product paying
the bill remains a mystery; that
is it remains a mystery until one
learns how some of the public opin-
ion research organizations operate
in making commercial surveys. Sup-
pose the makers of Stinko Cigar-
ettes want a survey of the public
acceptance of their product made
among the nation's carpenters. They
hire one of the less reliable public
opinion research organizations. The
organization arms its interviewers
with wagonloads of Stinko Cigar-
ettes and sends them out into the
world to quiz the carpenters. An
interviewer catches up with a car-
penter. AVhat happens? Shoving a
carton of Stinkos under the carpen-
ter's nose, the interviewer asks, "Do
you smoke Stinkos?" Visualizing
a carton of free cigarettes, the car-
penter naturall}^ says, "Sure," and
another Stinko smoker is chalked
up. This performance is repeated
a few hundred or a few thousand
times and pretty soon a molasses-
voiced announcer is telling the
world "Twenty-eight carpenters out
of twenty-nine smoke Stinkos."

It is not fair to say that all pub-
lic opinion researchers operate this
way, but some have been known to
do so. The better of them try to
operate honestly. But even these
better ones — such as the Gallup Poll
— do not always operate fairly. Bi-
ased questions, leading questions
and slanted answers are common-
place with them.

If you take a big city newspaper,
the chances are that you have seen

some of the cartoons that somebody
has been running the last few
months showing how much workers
love the Taft-Hartley Law. One day
there is a cartoon showing how
much workers love union shop re-
strictions in the Law. Underneath
there is a caption saying seventy-
eight or eighty two or sixty-seven
per cent of the workers are in favor
of this change. A few days later the
cartoon shows workers overwhelm-
ingly voting in favor of the boycott
restrictions of the Law. Under-
neath, the caption says sixty-six or
eighty or umpty-four per cent of
the workers favor this change.
W^here did these figures come from?
W^hy from a public opinion research
survey, of course.

On the other hand, a survey con-
ducted by the labor press of the na-
tion showed nine out of ten workers
favoring repeal of the Taft-Hartley
Act. Why the discrepancy? No one
says the labor press vote was accu-
rate. Some workers may have sent
in a dozen votes one way or another.
However, there is no denying that
it was honest. The labor papers
merely offered coupons for sub-
scribers to cut out and mail in. What
votes were sent in were honestly
tabulated. On that basis, nine-tenths
of the workers decried the Taft-
Hartley Act. Yet the public opinion
surveys showed results almost di-
rectly opposite. With the Taft-Hart-
ley Law one of the major campaign
issues, it would seem that the
election results graphically proved
whether the labor papers or the pub-
lic opinion researchers were right as
to what America's workers think of
the Law. Workers want no more of
the Taft-Hartley Act and they said
so emphatically in the voting booth,
thereby giving the lie to the phony
figures published by the public
opinion survey.

THE CARPENTER

Who paid for this survey? Cer-
tainly not labor, for labor was mak-
ing' its own. Therefore it must have
been some employers' group. And
just the same as with Stinko Cigar-
ettes and Gumboil Toothpaste, the
results mysteriously came out just
the way the people paying the
freight wanted them to.

A little thought devoted to the
subject inevitably leads to the con-
clusion that public opinion surveys
are always going- to have to operate
that way. People — whether they sell
cigarettes or toothpaste or political
baloney — are always going to want
something for their money. They
are not going to fork over good
money to find out that the product
they are boosting is fifth or ninth.
It has to be first. And by hook or
crook the public opinion surveys
will make it first regardless of how
many corners have to be cut or how
many trick questions have to be
devised. If the}^ do not do that they
will be out of business in short
order.

All in all, it no exaggeration to
say that the public opinion surveys
have been thoroughly discredited
by the November 2nd election. If
the surveys were used as political
blackjacks in an effort to sway
votes, as Brother Harrison charges,
then the time has come to do some-
thing about political polls. On the
other hand, however, as we said be-
fore, public opinion surveys are
effective only so long as people
have faith in them. After last
month's fiasco, how can anyone have
any real confidence in them? They
could not have been more wrong if
they had deliberately tried.

If corporations and political par-
ties are gullible enough to keep
spending huge sums for public opin-
ion surveys that is their business.
But when it comes to believing any
results accumulated by such sur-
veys, that is our business. Here and
now we say that never again will
we place even the slightest credence
in anything such surveys find. Bear-
ing that in mind, let the surveys do
as- they please.

New Technique For Artificial Boards

A British firm has discovered a new technique in manufacturing con-
tinuous lengths of artificial board. Previously it has been impossible to
do this and the "man-made wood" was only produced in certain limited
sizes. Evidently this new technique is cheaper, too, for the manufacturers
claim that their new machiner}^ produces the artificial board at a cost of
one-third less than the average price of other similar woods.

The process through which the board is made is almost completely auto-
matic. Resin and sawdust are fed into one end on the machine, which mixes
it in a hopper. The material is then heated by radio waves and placed
under heavy pressure. A continuous length of hard board comes out the
other end of the machine.

The British Government recently took samples of this new board and
subjected it to rigid tests, which the man-made wood successfully passed
with flying colors.

The board can be finished with paint, distemper, printed designs, wood
veneers, sheet metal, laminates, resins or fabrics and can be put to a
variety of uses including partitions, linings, ceilings, floors and bulkheads,
etc.

EXPERT EXPLODES REDWOOD MYTH

• • •

The Editor:

I have just finished reading- the article on Redwood bark in the AugTist
issue of THE CARPENTER.

I have lived and worked in the Redwoods all my life, am 58, and have
done most everything in the woods from falling- the timber to getting it
to the mill.

While Redwood makes line lumber and split products and has unusual
lasting- qualities, there seems to be quite a myth b'ailt up about some of its
virtues.

The article says there is no pitch
in Redwood. Every old timer in
the Redwoods knows better. I have
made cuts in Redwood where the
pitch was so thick and gummy that
it would be almost impossible to
run a saw without the use of kero-
sene to keep the blade clean.

And as for its fire-resisting quali-
ties, I have seen lots of fires in the
Redwoods and have done a lot of
fire fighting. In 1945 the company
I work for had millions of feet of
cut logs and timber burn up by a
fire accidently set during hunting
season.

It used to be the custom of the
logging companies to first fall the
timber, then the peelers would go in
and peel the bark from the trees.
After that they set fire to burn up
the bark and brush and rubbish so
as to leave the ground clear for easy
logging.

After the fire burned the bark and
brush, which generally took about
twenty-four hours, we would have
to go over the strip and put out all
the fire that still was burning in
the good logs. This was done by
packing water in five gallon cans

and squirting it into the logs that
were on fire. Some fires in the logs
were so hot that it took sometimes
a half day or more and several hun-
dred gallons of water to put them
out. That was the old method. They
have up-to-date equipment in the
woods now.

If a fire v/as left to burn after it
got a start in a RedAvood butt it
Avould keep burning until the entire
tree was destroyed. I have seen a
Redwood stub burn for six mxOnths
until the winter rains came to put it
out.

Outside of pitchy Pine, Redwood
that is dry makes one of the best
kindlers for starting a iire. And the
dry rotten wood and loose dry
bark will ignite from a spark and
smolder along like punk until a
breeze hits it, then its bursts into
flame and scatters more sparks and
the fire spreads rapidly.

Today the logging operators try
to keep the fire out of the timber
and do the logging in the bark and
brush which is a fire hazard even
after the timber has been logged off.

The reason that the Redv.-ood has
survived on this coast is on account

T II ECARP ENTER 17

of the amount of fog we have here. do make a good fertilizer and soil

In the natural Redwood forest the conditioner as I have tried them in

trees grow so thick that the sun my own garden.

cannot penetrate to the ground in In the forest, lots of seedlings get

places. The fog condenses on the their start in rotten bark or rotten

tree tops and falls through the wood and grow faster than the ones

branches to the ground which keeps that start in the soil,

things green and moist so that it is Science is finding new uses for

not so easy to start a fire in the Redwood right along and maybe

natural forest. But I have seen sometime it will find use for the

fires rage through the standing Red- waste material that is left in the

wood during the driest part of the woods or burned up.

season. W. E. Shore, P. O. Box 92,

Redwood bark and rotten wood Trinidad, Calif.

Wife of General President Hutcheson Passes Away

Mrs. Jessie Tufts Sharon Hutcheson, wife of General President
William L. Hutcheson, passed away in her home in Indianapolis on Tues-
day, October 26th, following a long illness. Sixty-eight years old at the
time of her passing, Mrs. Hutcheson was widely known both in and out of
labor circles. Although a native of California, she lived for many years in
Indianapolis, Indiana. Her activities were many and varied but the Car-
penters Home at Lakeland, Florida, for many years occupied her main
interest.

Funeral services were held at the Flanner and Buchanan Mortuary
Saturday afternoon, October 30th, followed by interment at Washington
Park Cemetery, Indianapolis. Hundreds of floral pieces from all over the
nation attested to her wide acquaintanceship.

Death Calls Former Vice President Cosgrove

Another gap was created in the ranks of Brotherhood old timers when
on November 3rd death called Brother John Cosgrove, former First Gen-
eral Vice-President. Brother Cosgrove was born in Elizabeth, N. J;, in
1873. O^ August 14, 1893 he joined the Local Union No. 167, Elizabeth.
In the fifty-five years he held continuous membership he was never once
in arrears in his dues.

From the very beginning, Brother Cosgrove took an active interest in
his union. He served in various official capacities in his own district and
in 1913 he was appointed General Vice-President of the International
Union. He served in that capacity until 1929 when blindness forced him
to retire. He lived in Indianapolis for several years after his retirement,
but in 1939 he returned to Elizabeth where he resided until his death.

Never losing interest in his Union, Brother Cosgrove was active until
the very end. It was while casting his ballot in the November 2nd election
that he was stricken by the ailment which caused his demise.

Funeral service and burial were held in Elizabeth Saturday. Novem-
ber 6th.

Official Information

General Officers of
THE UNITED BROTHERHOOD of CARPENTERS and JOINERS

of AMERICA

General Office : Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General President

WM. L. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

First General Vice-President

M. A. HUTCHESON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Acting Secretary

ALBERT E. FISCHER

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

Second General Vice-President

JOHN R. STEVENSON

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Treasurer

S. P. MEADOWS

Carpenters' Building, Indianapolis, Ind.

General Bxbcutitb Board
First District, CHARLES JOHNSON, JR. Fifth District, R. E. ROBERTS

111 E. 22nd St., New Yorlc 10, N. Y. 3819 Cuming St., Omaha, Nebr.

Second District, O. WM. BLAIBR
933 E. Magee, Philadelphia 11, Pa.

Sixth District, A. W. MDIR
Box 1168, Santa Barbara, Calif.

Third District, HARRY SCHWARZER
1248 Walnut Ave., Cleveland, O.

Seventh District, ARTHUR MARTBL
3560 St. Lawrence, Montreal, Que., Can.

Fourth District, ROLAND ADAMS
712 West Palmetto St., Florence, S. C.

WM. L. HUTCHESON. Chairman
ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary

All correspondence for the General Executive Board must be sent to the Acting Secretary

MINUTES OF THE GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD

Netherland Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio,
November 7, 1948,
Since the previous meeting of the General Executive Board the following
Trade Movements were acted upon:

September 3, 1948.

Cambridge, Ohio, L. U. 245. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $2.00 per hour, effective October 16, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Golconda, 111., L. U. 605. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective September 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Elwood, Ind., L. U. 652. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65 to
$1.85 per hour, effective October 9, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Framingham, Mass., L. U. 860. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.75 to $2.10 per hour, effective October 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Riverton, Wyo., L. U. 1763. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective November 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Milford, 111., L. U. 1793. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective October 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

THE CARPENTER 19

Effingham, 111., L. U. 2226. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$2.00 per hour, effective October 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

September 17, 1948.

Pittsburg, Kan., L. U. 561. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective September 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Pana, 111., L. U. 648. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to $1.75
per hour, effective November 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Tyler, Texas, L. U. 1104. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective November 1, 1948. Ofiicial sanction granted.

Coffeyville, Kan., L. U. 1212. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective September 26, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Hornell, N. Y., L. U. 1295. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.62 i/^
to $1.87% per hour, effective November 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Louisville, Ky., L. U. 1406. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.40 to
$1.65 per hour, effective September 21, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Corpus Christi, Texas, L. U. 1423. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

Charlotte, N. C, L. U. 1469. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective October 18, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Roundup, Mont., L. U. 1783. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1,621/^ per hour, effective October 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Oberlin, Ohio, L. U. 1968. — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00 to
$2.25 per hour, effective November 3, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Red Budd, 111., L. U. 2165. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.25
to $1.50 (Private) $1.75 to $2.00 (Commercial) effective November 1, 1948.
Official sanction granted.

October 7, 1948.

Bloomington, 111., L. U. 6 3. — Movement for an increase in wages from $2.00
to $2.25 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Newport News, Va., L. U. 396. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.80 per hour, effective October 18, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Du Bois, Pa., L. U. 580. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective October 18, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Brunswick, Ga., L. U. 865. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective December 7, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Bartlesville, Okla., L. U. 1659. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective December 7, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Carmel & Kent, N. Y., L. U. 1704. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$2.00 to $2.50 per hour, effective October 7, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Henderson, Texas, L. U. 1740. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50
to $1.75 per hour, effective October 13, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Kirksville, Mo., L. U. 2057. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.87% per hour, effective November 15, 1948. Official sanction granted.

October 22, 1948.

Altus, Okla., L. U. 285. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.50 to
$1.75 per hour, effective November 5, 1948. Official sanction granted, without
financial aid.

Parsons, Kan., L. U. 1022. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.37%
to $1.75 per hour, effective November 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Livingston, Mont., L. U. 1085. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.65
to $2.00 per hour, effective November 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

New Braunfels, Texas, L. U. 18 87. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.25 to $1.62% per hour, effective December 22, 1948. Official sanction granted.

20 T H E C A R P E X T Z R

October 28. 1948.
Alamosa, Colo., L. U. 1958. — ^Movement for an increase in wages from Jl.5 J to
?1.75 per hour, effective December 12, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Tlie General Executive Board met in regular session at the Netherland Plaza
Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio on November 7, 1948.

All members present.

The General President reported -.':.-. iT£.:Ji :: former Vice-President, John T.
Cosgrove, November 3, 1948, who irrv^i in .^a: capacity from 1913 until 1929.
At the time of his demise he was a member of Ijocal 715, Elizabeth, New Jersey.

Cancellation of General Secretary's bond as of August 23, 1948, and i^i£:i:^ :o
the Brotherhood by the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company c: B ;.-.:-
more, Maryland in the sum of Twenty Thousand Dollars ($20,000) in the name
of Albert E. Fischer, Acting Secretary, for one year, as of August 23, 1948, was

noted.

The report of the delegate to the Sixty-Third Annual Convention of the Trades
and Labor Congress of Canada, held in the City of Victoria, British Columbia,
during the week of October 11, 1948, was ordered filed for future reference and
to be published in oar oSeial journal "The Carpenter" for the information of our
members.

The General President reported on the manner in which the Plan for the
Settlement of Jurisdictional Disputes had been operating, and recommended that
our Brotherhood no longer participate in the Plan under its present status.

After careful consideration of the matter the Board unanimously concurred in
the General President's recommendation and authorized sending to the Building
and Construction Trades Department a communication to that efcect.

Skagit Valley D. C, Mt. Vernon, Wasii. — Movement for an increase in wages
from S2.O6I2 to S2.20 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official junction
granted.

Winston-Saleir., X. C, L. U. 19^2. — ^Movement for an increase in Trages from
§1.50 to SI. 75 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Ofncic.! sanction granted.

Bedford, Ind., L. TJ. 1380. — ^Movement for an incresse in wages from $1.67%
to §1.9 7% per hour, effective December 1, 194S. Oiz^cial sanction granted.

La Junta, Colo., L. U. 1637. — ^Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 50
to SI. 75 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

Independence, Kan., L. IT. 1198. — ^Movement for an in res. =9 in wages from
?1.37% to SI. 75 per hour, effective December 5, 19-±i. Ofn.ti sanction granted.

Port Royal, S. C, L. TJ. 2088. — ^Movement for an in :ra-- in wag^ from
|1.3 7% to SI. 62% per hour, effective January 1, 19 iC^. Glacial sanction granted.

Bowling Green, Ky., L. XJ. 2156. — ^Movement for an increase in "wag^ from

§1.50 to SI. 75 per hour, effective December 0, 194S. Official sanction granted.

November ?. 1948.
The General President submitted to the Board a communication from Local
Union 452, Vancouver, British Columbia, wherein they objected to the action of
the General Esecutire Board in allowing Secretary Emeritus, Frank Dunj, tiie
salary he received as General Secretary.

The matter Tvas referred to the General President, and Acting Secretary for

reply.

Appeal oi Abraham Borers azains: the decision cf the General President in the
case of R. C. Cramer versus Lcs Anreies Ziistiic: Ccuncii —as brought to the
attention of the Board.

THE CARPENTER 21

Inasmuch as this appeal was not filed within the time limit as specified in the
General Constitution the appeal could not be considered.

Appeal of Local Union 2225, Libby, Montana, to the General Executive Board
from the decision of the General President in the case of Arthur B. Brunette versus
Local Union 2225 wherein the General President sustained the appellant, was
brought to the attention of the Board.

Inasmuch as this appeal was not filed within the time limit as specified in the
General Constitution the appeal could not be considered.

*****

Festus, Mo., L. U. 2214. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 (Commercial) per hour effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

Jefferson City, Mo., L. U. 9 45. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1,621/^ to $2.00 per hour effective January 1, 1949. Ofiicial sanction granted.

Fayetteville, Ark., L. U. 1249. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.50 to $1.62% per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

. Prestonburg, Ky., L. U. 72 3. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75
to $2.00 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

November 9, 1948.

Appeal of Local Union 1328, Deland, Florida, from the decision of the General
Treasurer in disapproving the death claim of E. B. Stevens, a member of said
Local Union was considered, after which it was referred back to the General
Treasurer for further consideration.

Appeal of Local Union 1717, Aberdeen, Washington, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the disability claim of Loren R. Gage, a member
of said Local Union, which claim was not filed within two years from date of
accident.

The decision of the General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal dismissed.

Appeal of Alfred E. Murcell, a member of Local Union 1473, Oakland, Cali-
fornia, from the decision of the General Treasurer in disapproving the death
claim of Mrs. Alice S. Murcell (wife) on the grounds that the claim was not filed
within six months from date of death, and for the further reason that Alfred E.
Murcell was not in benefit standing at time of her death.

The decision of the General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal dismissed

Appeal of Local Union 490, Passaic, New Jersey, from the decision of the
General Treasurer in disapproving the claim for funeral donation of the late
Crine Baker, for the reason that he was not in benefit standing at the time of
death.

The decision of the General Treasurer was sustained and the appeal dismissed.

*****

Gladewater', Texas, L. U. 1775. — Movement for an increase in wages from
$1.75 to $2.00 per hour, effective December 1, 1948. Official sanction granted.

Hartford, Conn., L. U. 19 41. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.45
to $1.60 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

Guymon, Okla., L. U. 2 439. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

Dalhart, Texas, L. U. 2370. — Movement for an increase in wages from $1.75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

November 10, 19 48.
The General President called to the attention of the Board a communication
from Local Union 488, New York City, dated September 14, 1948 wherein the
Local Union advised that a Resolution had been adopted granting to Brother
Frank Duffy Life Membership in Local Union 48 8 in recognition of his fifty-three
years as a member, and forty-seven years faithful service as General SecretarJ^

22 THE CARP EXT ER

Moved that the action of Local Union 4S8 be noted in the minutes the General
Executive Board.

The General President requested that the General Executive Board give con-
sideration to the matter of increasing the amount of funeral donations as now
provided in the General Laws of the Brotherhood.

After carefully considering the matter the General Executive Board recom-
mended that our present funeral donations be doubled, and in order to meet the
increased obligations that the present per capita tax be increased 25c per member
a month and the matter be sent to referendum vote.

t * if * *

Madisonville, Ky., L. E. 2 310. — Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 5 0
to $1.80 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

Tallahassee, Fla., L. U. 2139. — Movement for an increase in wages from SI.. 5 0
to SI. 62 1/2 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

Red Wing, Minn., L. E. 20S3. — Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 75
to S2.00 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

Leadville, Colo., L. U. 1351. — Movement for an increase in vrages from SI. 75 to
§1.92 10 per hour, effective December 1, 194S. Official sanction granted.

Corning, X. Y., L. L'. 700. — Movement for an increase in wages from SI. 75 to
$2.00 per hour, effective January 1, 1949. Official sanction granted.

*****

E.eport of sub-committee to the General Executive Board regarding their
investigation of dispute between the Los Angeles District Council and Local Union
634 is as follows:

"The undersigned, constituting a sub-committee of the General Executive
Board duly appointed at the August 22, 1&4S meeting of the Board to investigate
the dispute between the Los Angeles District Council and Local 6 34 herein sub-
mits its report.

"The sub-committee held conferences in Los Angeles with the officers and
Executive Committee of the District Council on September 21, 19 4S; a similar
conference was held with the officers of Local Union 6 34 on September 2 3rd.

"The chairman of the sub-committee, M. A. Hutcheson, announced at the
beginning of both conferences that the purpose in coming to Los Angeles was to
investigate the dispute between the District Council and the Local Union. The
conferences were entirely informal and no minutes were taken.

"The consensus of opinion among the officers of the District Council seems to
be (1), that the action and policies of the present leadership of Local Union 6 34
in conducting meetings and their policies is detrimental to the best interests of the
members of Local 634, and the entire membership of the District Council, (2),
that the Local is still dominated by expelled members Hill and Bowers.

"In discussing the matter with the officers of Local Union 6 34 present at this
meeting the Special Committee found that all answers to ciuestions asked by the
Special Committee were evasive answers and that James Richardson, Senior Busi-
ness representative of the Local was the appointed spokesman for the group and he
in turn stated that there was only one way to get together, vras for the General
President or the Executive Board to remove all charges against the officers of the
Local. The meeting with the officers of Local Union 63 4, did not produce any
information that was not known by the members of the Special Committee.

"The sub-committee therefore recommends to the General Executive Board,
on the basis of the Investigation conducted in Los Angeles, and on the basis of
the report prepared by the General Office on this dispute that the telegraphic
instructions for the General President by Second General Vice-President Stevenson
to the Executive Board Member Muir, dated June 'i'j, 1948, be carried out."

M. A. HUTCHESON
CHARLES JOHXSON, JR.
HARRY SCHWARZER
R. E. ROBERTS
Dated, November 8, 1948. A. W. MUIR

THE CARPENTER

It was moved and unanimously carried that the report of the sub-committee
be adopted.

The Certified Public Accountants examined the securities held by the General
Treasurer in the vaults of the Indiana National Bank, Indianapolis, Indiana, and
their report as of September 30, 1948 shows the following:

GENERAL, FUND

Purchased Due

Dec. 1, 1942 — 11,000,000.00 U. S. Treasury 21/28 1963-68

April 15, 1943 — 1,000,000.00 U. S. Treasury 2V2S 1964-69

Sept. 14, 1943 — 500,000.00 U. S. Treasury 21/28 1964-69

Nov. 20, 1945— 1,000,000.00 U. S. Treasury 21/28 1959-62

Sept. 1941 — 50,000.00 U. S. Series G 21/2S 1953

Jan. 1942 — 50,000.00 U. S. Series G 21/2S 1954

Aug. 1942 — 50,000.00 U. S. Series G 21/2S 1954

May 1945 — 100,000.00 U. S. Series G 21/2S 1957

— 20,000.00 U. S. Series G Project Fund

Sept. 1946 — 25,000.00 U. S. Cert, of Indbt %s 1949

(Held in New York)

Dec. 1, 1946 — 500,000.00 U. S. Cert, of Indbt %s 1949 (Dec.)

(Held in New York)

Dec. 1, 1946 — 200,000.00 U. S. Cert, of Indbt %s 1949 (Dec.)

(Held in New York)

GENERAL FUND

Purchased Due

Sept. 2, 1947 — % 75,000.00 4% 1949

Sept. 2, 1947 — 100,000.00 4% 1950

Purchased
Dec. 1941
Aug. 1942
June 1946

Purchased

Dec. 1941 — \

Jan. 1942 —

October 1942 —

Tan. 1943 —

May 1945 —

June 1943 —

Dec. 1942 —

April 1943 —

Sept. 1943 —

Dec. 1946 —

June 1946 —

Purchased
Mar. 31, 1944-
Mar. 1933
Nov. 1944
1944
Aug. 1946
June 1948

$ 175,000.00

DEFENSE FUND

-% 50,000.00 U. S. Series G 21/28

50,000.00 U. S. Series- G 21/28

- 105,000.00 U. S. Cert of Indbt %s

(Held in New York)

HOME AND PENSION FUND

-$ 50,000.00 U. S. Series G 21/28

50,000.00 U. S. Series G 21/28

50,000.00 U. S. Series G 21/2S

- 100,000.00 U. S. Series G 2i.^s

300,000.00 U. S. Treasury Is

- 500,000.00 U. S. Treasury 21/2S

100,000.00 U. S. Treasury 21/2S

- 500,000.00 U. S. Treasury 21/2S

- 500,000.00 U. S. Treasury li/gS

(Held in New York)

140,000.00 U. S. Cert, of Indbt %s

(Held in New York)

GENERAL FUND (CANADA)

107,000.00 Canadian Bonds

50,000.00 Canadian Bonds

50,000.00 Canadian Victory Bonds_.
50,000.00 Canadian Victory Bonds_.

100,000.00 Canadian Victory Bonds.

100,000.00 Canadian Victory Bonds_.

(Continued on page 28)

Due

1953

1954

1949

Due

1953

1954

1955

1957

1948

1963-

1964-

1949

(Dec.)

1949

Due

1959

1960

1%8

1948

1956

1950

1958

Editorial

Congress Must Stay Close to the People

The nation has been "saved." From ^vhom or from vrhat it has been
saved is not quite clear. However, the "saving" of the nation is a peculiar
American tradition. After each presidential election it breaks out in a
rash of propaganda. The victorious candidates assure us that their elec-
tion forestalled dire calamities of all sorts. This election year is no excep-
tion.

Be that as it may, to the successful candidates we vrisn every success.
On them the people bestowed a glorious honor — ^but it is an : : nr ha: is
coupled with a tremendous responsibility. If they fail :n z'r.t re = o:n5i-
bility, the honor will go for naught. Than serin? ah- the ztz^z'.t velh
there is no greater contribution a public official can render his ::nn:ry and
his fellow citizens. Conversely, than forgetting the -tt'elfare o: all the
people for self -advantage or the advantage of a vested fe^ there is no
blacker crime which an elected official can perpetrate on the people.

When the people's elected law makers convene next month the}' ^ill
face many difficult problems. At home and abroad tensions are high and
dihhculties are man}-. Patience, wisdom and forthright courage w^ill be
needed on the part of all law makers if inflation is to be beaten at home
and misunderstanding is to be eliminated in the international scene. We,
the people, have spoken. In free and fair elections we have chosen the
men in whose hands we wanted to place the responsibility of leadership.
Having made our choice, v^e owe it to the men we elected to give them
the best of our cooperation and lo^-altA". In turn thev ovre us a debt of
honor to carry out the campaign promises thej^ made to the letter.

Among the more pertinent matters which will confront the new Con-
gress will be the matter of the Taft-Hartle}^ Act. If an}- mandate Tvas given
our lawmakers at the last election, it w^as a mandate to repeal the Taft-
Hartley Law. The election results cannot be interpreted an^^ other v, ay.
If Congress tries to, it w^ill be breaking faith with the people.

Somehow or other in the last decade, Congress seems to have lost touch
with the realities of life. The Taft-Hartle}^ Act and most of the other anti-
labor legislation of recent years came about because Congress ^vas un-
believably ignorant concerning organized labor and its problems. For
years certain business interests carried on a propaganda campaign selling
the idea that workers were in unions only because union shop contracts
made membership mandatory; that union workers w^ent on strike only
because czaristic labor leaders forced them to; that individual members
had no say in the running of their unions. Among those falling for this
propaganda line were many Congressmen. The result was a number of the
ill-fated anti-labor laws of recent vears.

THE CARPENTER 25

Take, for example, the Smith-Connally Act. The brilliant reasoninji^
behind this Act was that workers were forced on strike ag^ainst their will
by union leaders. The Act prohibited strikes without a secret ballot by
the membership (as if this were not a part of the constitution of nine
unions out of ten). What was the result? Strikes increased several fold.
The Act gave strikes more or less official status and workers with griev-
ances were quick to take advantage of the fact. Had Congressmen known
the basic, fundamental truth that men go on strike to eliminate economic
injustices and not because someone tells them to, the law never would have
been passed. In the end Congress had to dump the Act like a hot potato
because it was based on a complete fallacy. The men who passed it were
out of touch with reality.

The same thing goes for the Taft-Hartley Act. The men who promoted
and passed the Act were sold on the idea that unionism is based on com-
pulsion. They visualized millions of union men carrjnng union cards
only because a union shop clause compelled them to. So the Taft-Hartley
Act was written in such a way as to give these "captives" an opportunity to
vote themselves out of their "predicament."

The Act became law and in election after election workers voted practi-
cally unanimously for union shop, conclusively proving that the backers
of the Act were completely out of touch with reality. What the Tafts and
Hartleys and Wherrys failed to realize is that working men belong to
unions because experience has taught them that unionism offers them
their only hope for economic justice and freedom from exploitation. In
recent years, millions upon millions of workers have joined unions. They
did so voluntarily and even eagerly because they knew that unionism
offered them the only realistic vehicle for self-betterment. However, the
Tafts and the Hartleys failed to realize this because they were out of touch
with the people. They drew all their conclusions from the anti-labor
propaganda which has long been financed b}^ elements interested in
destroying unions for their own selfish interests.

For the sake of the nation, it is sincerely to be hoped that the new
Congress will be closer to the people and to reality. It is to be hoped
that it will be able to distinguish propaganda from facts, for the tirades
against labor will continue.

Nor is labor alone suffering from the failure of Congress to correctly
appraise the basic facts of life. Just as there are anti-labor elements inter-
ested in painting organized labor as grasping, greedy, and undemocratic,
so, too, are there anti-business elements interested in painting private
enterprise as inefficient, rapacious, and parasitic. These are the boys who
want the government to control ever^^thing. They are the boys who want
Washington to dictate what products each company will make and how
much profit it will make and how it will conduct its business. Like the
anti-labor elements, they put out plent}^ of propaganda to make business
look as bad as possible.

No one is more conscious of the shortcomings of private enterprise
than we are. Whenever or wherever we find abuses we are not shy about
exposing them and demanding reform. But, by and large, private enter-
prise has provided a better way of life for the American people than any

26 T H E C A R P Z X T E R

Other people have ever known. In the 3- ears ahead, private enterprise can
do even better. The propaganda that the government can give us more
is fallacious and do\raright treacherous. History has proved it so many
times.

Free enterprise — ^that is free business and free unions — ^made America
a comparative paradise. Congress should never lose sight of that fact.
Whatever tends to abridge free enterprise must be looked at askance.
The people know is^hat the3^ want and w^hat is best. If the new Congress
w^ants to do an elective job it mnst stay in close contact with the people.

•

Monopoly in News Dissemination Is Dangerous

Some four or ave 3-ear; ir 7 : rri. -r-siient William L. Hutcheson
wrote a TvideW quoted ariicle rcg£.r:i::i,^' :l:e iremendous possibilities of
television. That article foretold of hundreds of thousands of men being
employed in the construction, maintenance and operation of television
stations from coast to coast. That the predictions he made were well
founded on fact is noTV being proved from da)^ to day.

A length^' article in a recent issue of the Wall Street Journal bears
out everything President Hutcheson predicted. The article pointed out
that nearly 500 manufacturers of everything from heavy machinery to
hair oil are now^ using television to advertise their v^ares. A year ago less
than ninety hard}" pioneers were spending their money for television
advertising. By the same token, the television audience has increased
manyfold in the period of a few months. Television sets have been selling
like hotcakes in all sections of the nation w^here television broadcasts are
now available.

Recenth' R. C. Cosgrove, a top official in the Avco Corporation, a lead-
ing firm in the television field, told a Boston audience of some of the possi-
bilities of this new medium. "Television is growing faster than any other
major industry in American historj," he said. "Five years from now^ tele-
vision will be giving emploj^ment to one million persons. By 1953, the
total sets in use maj- be more than tw^elve million, w^ith fifty million persons
in television's daih* audience."

Just as General President Hutcheson predicted, television is develop-
ing into a poor man's pride instead of a rich man's toy. A recent survey
shoin."s that more than eighty per cent of all television sets now in opera-
tion are o\\Tied b}^ ordinar}^ middle class working people or others in very
moderate circumstances. So far television broadcasts are available only
in the very largest population centers. How^ever, most middle-sized cities
are in the process of getting at least one television station. Within four
or five 3 ears the vast bulk of the American population should be within
range of a television station; which will mean a many million market for
sets. Construction of the stations alone will mean millions of man-hours of
work for construction workers.

The one dark spot in the otherwise bright television picture is the
growth of monopoU' control in the industry. Big city newspaper interests
have obtained a virtual strangle hold on the radio industry. Now these
same interests are moving into television. All new disseminating
soiu-ces may thereb}' be placed under control of a single group ; something

TIIECARPENTER 27

that is neither democratic nor desirable. As the newspaper groups grow
in financial stature, their prestige with the people diminishes. It is neces-
sary to look no farther back than November 2nd for proof of this. Virtu-
ally every major newspaper in the nation backed Dewey for president. All
their prestige and supposed power to mold public opinion they threw
behind the New York Governor. Yet when the votes were counted, Dewey
went down to defeat because the people had little faith in the newspapers.
Monopolies of all kinds are bad ; but monopoly of the means of dis-
seminating news is unthinkable in a democratic nation. The picture for
television looks very bright indeed. We should keep it so by preventing
monopoly growth and concentration.

It's Time to Close the Loopholes

With the average worker struggling under a tax load that is little
short of staggering, some interesting information has come to light regard-
ing the way a few wealthy people have been able to wiggle out from under
tax burdens. "Charitable trusts," which are anything but that, have been
a favorite dodge of wealthy people interested in avoiding appropriate tax
bills. Last month a Senate investigating committee uncovered a classical
example when it began delving into the financial affairs of the Textron
textile empire.

The Textron probe began when Royal Little, president of the company,
announced he was closing down the firm's mills in New England. If
carried through, the move would make "ghost towns" of several New
England communities. Naturally everyone in the affected states was
worried. Under the chairmanship of Senator Tobey, New Hampshire Re-
publican, a Senate committee began looking into the situation.

The committee began by studying the peculiar financing methods
employed by Mr. Little in running an eight million "shoestring" into the
vast 125 million dollar Textron empire. Among other things, it found that
Mr. Little relied on some six "charitable foundations" to help him build
his empire. One of them was the "Rhode Island Charities Trust," which re-
putedly started with $500 and "grew" to $4,500,000 in a few years. Accord-
ing to Little, the earnings from this trust were supposedly to go to the
community fund. However, the community fund received $85,000 from the
foundation while three trustees appointed by Little received salaries total-
ing about $135,000, according to reports.

The newspaper "Labor" reports testimony at the hearings boiled down
to this :

1. Whenever Little made some money, he put it into one of these
"foundations." Thus, as a "donation to charity," the money was "exempt-
ed" from Federal income taxes — and also from state and local taxes —
which Little would otherwise have to pay.

2. In the hands of "foundations" neither the money nor any further
income on it was taxed, because "charitable" organizations are exempt
from Federal, state and local taxes.

3. As the man who "gave" money to the "foundation," Little was their
boss. He continued to use the money he had "given." The "fomidations"
invested the monev in his financial ventures.

28 THE CARPENTER

(Continued from page 23)

There being no further business to be acted upon, the Board adjourned to meet
at the call of the Chairman.

Respectfully submitted,

ALBERT E. FISCHER, Acting Secretary.

Report of the Delegates to the Forty-first Annual Convention

of the Building and Construction Trades Department

of the A. F. of L.

The Forty-first Annual Convention of the Building and Construction Trades
Department of the A. F. of L. was held in the Netherland Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati,
Ohio, beginning November 10, 1948.

Eighty-nine Delegates were present from the nineteen International Unions
affiliated.

The President said in his Report that the period since we met in Convention in
San Francisco has been a critical one for labor. Politically, it has seen the con-
tinuation of the anti-labor legislation, on both Federal and state levels, which
began in 1947. Economically it has been a period of gain, as well as of loss. On
the whole the Building and Construction Trades Department can, however, con-
sider it a time of growth. The building and construction industry again led the
way to post-war development, as it did after World War I, and continues to be the
single most important element in maintaining the present high level of economic
activity. Employment has been ample and for the most part building and con-
struction trades unions have been able to safeguard, if not advance, the standard
of living of their members. Yet it cannot be denied that we come to the end of the
third year after the end of World War II with many unsolved problems. Inflation
threatens to destroy everything we have gained. At the same time the country is
launched upon a great defense program, as well as upon the European Recovery
Program, both of which will affect our industry profoundly. in the coming year.

The building and construction industry continued to operate at a very high
level during the year. In the first nine months of 19 48 new construction put in
place, amounted to $13 billions, a gain of 34 per cent over the first nine months
of 1947.

Inflation is still the greatest threat to the continued prosperity of the industry,
and since the building and construction industry is the very backbone of our
economy, what happens to it will have profound and far-reaching effects upon the
entire economy. There is an enormous demand for building and construction of
all kinds, both private and public, but whether that demand will be effective
depends in large part upon what happens to prices. If inflation can be controlled,
and prices stabilized, there is no reason to doubt that the next decade will be
one of sustained high employment for the industry.

At the time of the writing of this report the average wholesale price of building
materials has risen by 122 per cent since August, 19 39, while lumber prices have
gone up by 251.5 per cent in that time. Such a situation, unless it is checked, will
inevitably result in serious curtailment of activity in the near future.

The Taft-Hartley Act

The first year of operation of the Taft-Hartley Act proves conclusively that its
effects upon building and construction trades unions are extremely serious.

For the most part, United States District Judges have issued injunctions against
local building and construction trades councils and local unions, upon request by
the National Labor Relations Board.

The first and most obvious effect of the act was, of course, that we were not
able to continue the closed-shop agreements which have been traditional in the
industry for more than half a century.

THE CARPENTER 29

The second most serious effect of the act is, in my opinion, that it makes pos-
sible the arbitrary assignment of work by employers. We have no legal right to
interfere in or try to influence such assignments. The result has been a perfect
rash of attempts to do construction work with maintenance and production em-
ployes. From all parts of the country complaints to this effect have poured into
the Department. A significant amount of work which, before the passage of the
Taft-Hartley Act would have been done by building and construction workers,
under contract, is now being done by maintenance and production employes at
lower wages and consequently at higher profits for the employers.

The Supreme Court, in decisions handed down on June 21, 1948, ruled on two
provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act. Under one of the decisions, unions are now
free to print in their regular publications statements with regard to candidates and
issues in Federal elections. In the other decision, the Court found that the provi-
sions of the act which require unions to register and file financial statements with
the Secretary of Labor are constitutional.

Of the forty-four state legislatures which met in 19 47, thirty passed some kind
of anti-labor legislation regulating or restricting union activity in one way or
another. Eleven states adopted laws which in effect prohibited union-security
agreements. This brought to a total of sixteen the states which, either by legisla-
tion or by constitutional amendment, outlawed closed-shop or other kind of union
security agreements.

It is not only union-security agreements which have come in for prohibition
and regulation by state legislatures. Strikes, secondary boycotts, picketing, juris-
dictional disputes have all been the subject of laws in a number of states.

He then dealt with: Plan for Settlement of Jurisdictional Disputes, Housing,
the Department of Labor, Apprenticeship Program, National Agreements, and
Publications.

The Report of the President was adopted.

Report of Secretarj^-Treasurer

The Report of the Secretary-Treasurer shows that quarterly audits were made
during the year by certified public accountants and copy of same sent to the
Presidents of the National and International Unions aflaiiated with the Department.

New Charters, 1948

Danbury, Connecticut and Vicinity.

Center County, Pennsylvania, ( Belief onte).

Bluefield, West Virginia and Vicinity.

Albany, New York and Vicinity.

Fort Dodge, Iowa and Vicinity.

Hancock County, Ohio (Findlay).

Enid, Oklahoma (Garfield County).

Gibson County, Indiana (Princeton).

Wichita Falls, Texas and Vicinity.

Louisiana State.

Florida.

Cody, Wyoming and Vicinity.

Borger, Texas and Vicinity.

Iron Mountain, Michigan and Vicinity.

Nampa, Idaho and Vicinity.

Naugatuck Valley, Connecticut (Derby).

Charters Re-Issued, 1948

Texarkana, Arkansas-Texas and Vicinity.

Vincennes, Indiana (Knox, Daviess and Pike Counties).

Bradford, Pennsylvania (McKean, Potter, Elk, Cameron Counties).

Fremont Tri-County, Ohio (Ottawa, Sandusky, Seneca).

Walker County, Alabama (Dothan).

30 THE CARPENTER

Number of Delegates to Convention Based on Per Capita Tax Paid

Number of
Delegates
International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Asbestos
Workers 2

International Brotberhood of Boiler Makers, Iron Ship Builders and

Helpers 6

Bricklayers, Masons and Plasterers International Union 6

United Brotberbood of Carpenters and Joiners of America 8

International Brotberbood of Electrical Workers 7

International Union of Elevator Constructors 3

International Union of Operating Engineers 5

Granite Cutters International Association 2

International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron

Workers 6

International Hod Carriers, Building and Common Laborers Union__ 8

Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers International Union 3

International Association of Marble, Stone and Slate Polishers,

Rubbers and Sa-^v-yers, Tile and Marble Setters' Helpers and Ter-

razza Helpers 2

Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paperhangers of America__ 7

Operative Plasterers and Cement Finishers International Association 4
United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing

and Pipe Fitting Industry : 7

United Slate, Tile and Composition Roofers, Damp and Waterproof

Workers Association 3

Sheet Metal Workers International Association 5

Journeymen Stone Cutters Association of North America 1

International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, W^arehousemen

and Helpers 5

TOTAL DELEGATES 90

Total Affiliates

Local Building and Construction Trades Councils 551

State Building and Construction Trade Councils 16

International Unions Affiliated with the Building and Construction
Trades Department 19

Total 586

The report was adopted.

REPORT OF THE EXECUTR'E COrXCTL

The Executive Council reported that during the year twenty-eight cases came
before that body for consideration and action. Each case was carefully considered
and acted upon and so reported to the Convention.

The Convention approved the rulings of the Council in these cases.

Resolutions

The following resolutions were adopted:

Resolution No. 1

Whereas, the Fortieth Annual Convention of the Building and Construction
Trades Department of the American Federation of Labor authorized and directed

THE CARPENTER 31

the Executive Council of the Department to devise a plan for settlement of juris-
dictional disputes in the industry, and

Whereas, after conferences with the National Labor Relations Board and its
legal department, and representatives of the building trades employers' organiza-
tions, we found employers' representatives during our negotiations demanding pro-
visions in the proposed plan which they had never requested or demanded before,
and

Whereas, these demands were based on the support the employers felt they
would have under the Taft-Hartley Act, and

Whereas, these conditions have led to employers submitting an excessive num-
ber of cases for decisions on cases, many of which could have been adjusted by
agreements between unions at the local level.

Therefore, Be It Resolved, The Executive Council of the Building and Construc-
tion Trades Department is hereby instructed to proceed in accordance with the
provisions of the Plan for Settlement of Jurisdictional Disputes and serve notice of
changes desired on the employers associations parties to the Plan, and

Be It Further Resolved, The President of the Department is directed to call a
meeting of the General Presidents of the organizations affiliated with the Depart-
ment at the earliest possible date after conferences have been held with employers'
representatives, such meeting of the General Presidents to be held for the purpose
of accepting or rejecting the changed plan, and

Be It Further Resolved, The Executive Council is hereby authorized and em-
powered to make the necessary changes in the constitution after action has been
taken by the General Presidents as provided for herein.

Richard J. Gray, President.
L. P. Lindelof, Vice-President.
Wm. J. McSorley, Vice-President.
Daniel J. Tobin, Vice-President.
Wm. L. Hutcheson, Vice-President.
Robert Byron, Vice-President.
Wm. E. Maloney, Vice-President.
Daniel W. Tracy, Vice-President.
Martin P. Durkin, Vice-President.
Herbert Rivers, Secretary-Treasurer.

Resolution No. 2

Whereas, When the Social Security Act was passed by Congress in 193 6, it
was the opinion of those who would in the future be entitled to benefits under
the Act, that they would receive a reasonable amount of monthly payments to
take care of their needs, and

Whereas, We find today that the average monthly payment is only about $27
per month, and those who have paid in 40 quarters at the maximum deduction of
$3,000 per year can only receive approximately $44 per month. Therefore be it

Resolved, That because of the miserly payments that are being paid under the
Social Security Act today, and due to the Social Security Act today, and due to
the high cost of living, that this Convention go on record to increase the monthly
payments under this Act. That those who pay in 40 quarters at a deduction of
$3,000 per year shall be paid not less than $100 per month, and that the deduction
from the employers' payroll to be increased to take care of this increase in pay-
ments, and be it further

32 T H E C A R P E X T Z R

Resolved, That the delegate from the Building and Construction Trades Depart-
ment of the A. F. of L. to the Convention of the A. F. of L. be instructed to present
this resolution to the Convention for consideration and favorable action.

Harry C. Bates
Richard J. Gray
John J. Murphy
Thomas O'Donnell
Fxaser L. Holzlohner
John W. Jockel

Resolution Xo. 3

TThereas, This body has previously recorded its conviction that more adequate
information is needed regarding housing and other types of construction, and

Whereas, The last Congress of the United States disregarded our request and
recommendation and neglected to take action to meet this need, and

Whereas. Corstantly rising costs of construction make it imperative that
the full facts regarding construction and housing costs he made available, now
therefore be it.

Resolved, by the Building and Construction Trades Department of the American
Federation of Labor that furtn^r and more vigorous eSorts be made to obtain from
the Congress of the United Sta-.es :he legislation previously recommended: namely,
legislation authorizing and directing the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S.
Department of Labor to

1. Conduct and report the results of monthly surveys of the number and
tjrpes of new dwelling units started and completed in each of the important
metropolitan centers of the United States;

2. Prepare periodic estimates of the number of workers in each occu-
pation required to carry out the construction program in each important
metropolitan center, and

3. Survey and report at least semi-annually on housing sales prices
and costs, showing the proportions of the selling prices of houses due to
labor costs, material costs, actual land values, overhead, and profits.

Pilchard J. Gray.

The salary of the Secretary-Treasurer was increased to Slo.OOO per year and the
salary of the President was increased to §20,000 per year.

All the old officers were unanimously re-elected: First Vice-President, L. P.
Lindelof: Second Vice-President, William J. McSorley; Third Vice-President,
Daniel J. Tobin; Fourth Vice-President, William L. Hutcheson; Fifth Vice-Presi-
dent, Robert Byron; Sixth Vice-President, William B. Maloney; Seventh Vice-
President, Daniel W. Tracy: Eighth Vice-President, Martin P. Durkin,

Respectfully submitted,

VTm. L. Hutcheson

M. A. Hutcheson

Frank DuSy

Daniel J. Butler

Robt. M. Johnson

Harry L. Carr

John E. Gatlin

J. 0. Mack

Delegates.

THE CARPENTER 33

Report of the Delegate to the Sixty-third Annual Convention
of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada

The 6 3rd Annual Convention of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada
was held in the city of Victoria, British Columbia during the week of October 11,
19 48 and the undersigned represented the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and
Joiners of America.

The President of Victoria and District Trades and Labor Council, namely,
Brother A. Rayment called the Delegates to order and gave an address of welcome.
The invocations were given by Canon Michael Coleman and Father Daniel William-
son.

His Worship, Mayor Percy George of Victoria extended hearty welcome to the
Delegates assembled and included in address, "You are a tower of strength if you
weld yourselves together with a unity of purpose. You have to put your weight
to the National well-being as well as look after yourselves."

Also, the Honorable Gordon S. Wismer, Attorney General and Minister of
Labor for British Columbia extended his greetings to the Delegates. In his remarks
lie made reference to the Provincial Governments Industrial and Arbitration Act.

President Bengough pointed out that a convention had been held in the city
of Victoria in the year of 1906 and gave a comparison of membership of that
year compared with today. He made timely remarks. In closing he stated he
was still convinced that the vast majority of the membership are sound in their
thinking and in their loyalty to this country and their Trade Union Principles.

The Credential Committee reported that 8 61 Delegates had presented their
credentials and were seated in the Convention. At this convention 262 resolutions
were discussed and acted on, dealing with:

Citizenship, Conciliation and Arbitration, Cost of Living and Price Control,
Franchise, Housing, Income Tax, Racial Discrimination, Unity, Labor Code, Old
Age Pensions, Workmen's Compensation, Communism.

The Committee on Officers' Report presented a resolution to the Convention
in reference to the Officers' reports and recommended that the action of the Execu-
tive Council of the Congress in suspending the Brotherhood of Railway and Steam-
ship Clerks for violation of the Constitution be sustained. After considerable dis-
cussion and after a roll call vote, 510 voted- in favor and 184 against the recom-
mendation of the Officers' report. Following this the Committee then recommended
that the suspension of the Brotherhood of Railway and Steamship Clerks be lifted
and the Delegates seated.

During the week several fraternal delegates addressed the Convention, namely,
Richard Walsh from the American Federation of Labor, William Pearson from the
British Trades Union Congress and Bernado Ibanery from the Latin American
Republics.

Percy R. Bengough was re-elected President and J. W. Buckley as Secretary-
Treasurer and Brothers Whitebone, Boudon, Jenoves, Berg and Showier were
elected Vice-Presidents.

I wish to express my sincere appreciation of the honor bestowed upon me in
being delegated to represent the United Brotherhood at this important Convention.

Farternally yours, ANDY COOPER, Delegate.

Today vicious influences are at work seeking to undermine the American prin-
ciples of freedom which were untold centuries in the making. Nowhere are they
concentrating harder than in the field of Organized Labor.

Neither Organized Labor nor America will last longer than the will of the
workers to remain free. Today we pay homage to those who have gone before.
Let us make it also a time to purge unionism of any influences that are seeking to
destroy all that has been accomplished in the days that are gone. Those who
established our Brotherhood laid the foundation for an organization which has
withstood all opposition across the years. They made a wonderful contribution to
the cause of Organized Labor and it behooves us to carry on, so when the time
comes for us to pass on, it will be said of us, "Well done, thou good and faithful
servant." S p_ MEADOWS, General Treasurer.

Jin M^ttnorinxn

Not lost to those that love them,
Not dead, just gone before;

They still live in our memory,
Aud will forever more

%tsi in l^tatt

The Editor has been requested to publish the namem
of the following Brothers who have passed away.

Brother CHARLES H. ANDERSON, Local No. 487, Linton, Ind.
Brother JAMES ALLARD, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother CHAS. BERNAUER, Local No. 42, San Francisco, CaL
Brother FRANK BLAU, Local No. 419, Chicagro, 111.
Brother JOHN BOLDISH, Local No. 490, Passaic, N. J.
Brother W. E. BROWN, Local No. 44, Champaign and Urbana, 111.
Brother EVERETT S. BURDICK, Local No. 301, Newburgh, N. Y.
Brother AUGUST CALAME, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother ORRIE R. CALLBECK, Local No. 16, Springfield, 111.
Brother WILLIAM CERVENY, Local No. 54, Chicago, 111.
Brother CARL CHAPMAN, Local No. 311, Joplin, Mo.
Brother WM. DICKERSON, Local No. 1296, San Diego, Cal.
Brother CLARENCE DIEMER, Local No. 1154, Algonac, Mich.
Brother HJALMER ENGSTROM, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother MICHAEL FECHO, Local No. 16, Springfield, 111.
Brother LOUIS G. FLESCH, Local No. 16, Springfield, 111.
Brother VERNON FLETCHER, Local No. 359, Philadelphia, Pa.
Brother ROBERT GILCHRIST, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother MICHAEL J. GREEN, Local No. 301, Newburgh, N. Y.
Brother PAUL E. GUNTHER, Local No. 177, Springfield, Mass.
Brother BENNEWELL W. HEIM, Local No. 514, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Brother JOHN EDWARD HOFSTETTER, Local No. 311, Joplin, Mo.
Brother HENRY S. HUFFMAN, Local No. 64, Louisville, Ky.
Brother ARTHUR JACKSON, Local No. 207, Chester, Pa.
Brother HARRY S. KENDALL, Local No. 16, Springfield, 111.
Brother RICHARD A. KING, Local No. 2435, Inglewood, Cal.
Brother JAMES KINLOCH, Local No. 306, Newark, N. J.
Brother LLOYD F. KNIGHTEN, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
Brother RICHARD KNOWLES, Local No. 42, San Francisco, Cal.
Brother VICTOR KRUTER, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother JOSEPH W. LORENTZ, Local No. 734, Kokomo, Ind.
Brother GEORGE H. MABRY, Local No. 51, Boston, Mass.
Brother ADOLPH MAC HURA, Local No. 54, Chicago, III.
Brother BERNT MAGNUSSN, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother DENNIS MARLATT, Local No. 306, Newark, N. J.
Brother ALLEN W. MARSH, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
Brother FRANK MATUSKA, Local No. 54, Chicago, 111.
Brother G. A. McINTOSH, Local No. 764, Shreveport, La.
Brother EDGAR R. McINTYRE, Local No. 42, San Francisco, CaL
Brother JOHN J. McKINNON, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
Brother JOHN McLEOD, Local No. 33, Boston, Mass.
Brother JOE MERSKY, Local No. 488, New York, N. Y.
Brother CHARLES PADGET, Local No. 177, Springfield, Mass.
Brother JOSEPH POPLAWSKI, Local No. 514, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
Brother JOHN E. ROSS, Local No. 366, New York, N. Y.
Brother VICTOR ROSSE, Local No. 177, Springfield, Mass.
Brother GEORGE B. SILL, Local No. 207, Chester, Pa.
Brother AMOS SPENCE, Local No. 207, Chester, Pa.
Brother HUGH SPENCE, Local No. 2163, New York, N. Y.
Brother LEO TURMELLE, Local No. 1324, Rochester, N. H.
Brother WILLIAM C. VIELEE, Local No. 301, Newburgh, N. Y.
Brother Wm. WATERHOUSE, Local No. 1296, San Diego, CaL
Brother EMIL WIRGAU, Local No. 337, Detroit, Mich.

CorrQspondQncQ

This Journal Is Not Responsible For Views Expressed By Correspondents.

NEW ORLEANS COUNCEL ENTERTAINS DELEGATES

On Sunday, October 10, 1948, The Carpenters District Council of New Orleans
and Vicinity had as their guests at a sea food banquet in the Colonial Auditorium
which is a part of the home of Carpenters Local Union No. 1846, the Carpenter
delegates who attended the Building Trades Southeastern Conference, held in New
Orleans on October 9th and 10th.

International Representative John Howat was master of ceremonies and did a
swell job. The Carpenter problems were discussed in detail and it was decided to
call a conference of all Carpenters from the fourth district at Chattanooga, Tenn.,
on December 4th and 5th for the purpose of forming a fourth district council of
Carpenters. Pictures of the delegates were taken and every one attending the
banquet was sent a picture by the District Council. After a swell feed and a good
time, pleasant good-byes were exchanged and all agreed to meet again in Chat-
tanooga, Tenn. ^

NEW YORK STATE COUNCIL HOLDS LARGEST CONCLAVE

To Local Union 2 78 of Watertown goes the honor of being host to the largest
convention of the New York State Council of Carpenters.

President Charles W. Hanson opened the three-day convention on Thursday,
July 22nd, to a most enthusiastic group of delegates. The necessity of active par-
ticipation in the defeat of those who voted for the Taft-Hartley Law was the fore-
most subject discussed.

First General Vice-President Maurice A. Hutcheson addressed the gathering on
the effects of eleven months of the Taft-Hartley Law on our Brotherhood. Another
enthusiastically welcomed speaker was Charles Johnson, Jr., Executive Board Mem-
ber of the First District. Charles H. Tuttle, General Counsel of the Brotherhood
gave a very constructive address as did Lewis G. Hines, National Legislative Repre-
sentative of the American Federation of Labor. President Murray and Secretary
Hanover of the New York State Federation of Labor also spoke to the assembled
delegates on legislative matters.

Resolutions calling for amendments to the Unemployment Insurance and Com-
pensation Laws were approved by the convention along with others which affect
the lives of our members.

The delegates were escorted on a boat trip through the Thousand Islands as
guests of the Watertown Local and it was a trip that will be remembered.

Niagara Falls was chosen as the 19 49 convention city.

THE CARPENTER

L.OOAL. UNION No. 493 HONORS VETERAN OFFICER

Honoring its treasurer for 27 years of service, Local 493, Mt. Vernon, N. Y.,
presented Nils Larson with a custom-built kneehole desk and a 2 7-year service
badge at a testimonial dinner Saturday night, November 13th at Turn Hall.

About 450 persons, including 49 delegates from the affiliated carpenters' locals
throughout the county, w^ere on hand to pay tribute to Mr. Larson.

Mrs. Larson also was honored, receiving a bouquet from Robert Bowker, presi-
dent of the Westchester District Council of Carpenters.

John S. Sinclair was master of ceremonies and introduced Louis Rorsch, presi-
dent of Local 493, and visiting guests and delegates. He also gave a brief outline
of Mr. Larson's service. John A. Reinhardt, chairman of arrangements thanked
the committee for making the affair a success.

Others attending included Bert Bloomquist of Jamestown, N. Y., of District
Lodge 4, Order of Vasa, and Miss Anna Jorgensen, representing the Swedish news-
paper, "North Star," of New York.

Telegrams of congratulations were read from John Stewart, Lodge 871, F. and
A. M., and the New York District Council of Carpenters. Mr. Larson is a member
of the Masonic group.

Delegates from the following locals were present Local 53 of White Plains, 77
of Port Chester, 149 of Irvington, 163 of Peekskill, 188 of Yonkers, 350 of New
Rochelle, 447 of Ossining, 543 of Mamaroneck, 895 of Tarrytown, 1115 of Pleasant-
ville, 1134 of Mount Kisco, 1087 of County Insulators, 456 of Teamsters, 488 of
New York, and 1657, also of New York.

A program of music and community singing was enjoyed during the dinner.
Dancing concluded the evening.

IjOCAIj union No. 838, SUNBURY, PAYS TRIBUTE TO OLD OFFICERS

At a special and well attended meeting held on the night of August 11, 1948,
Local Union No. 83 8, Sunbury, Pa. paid tribute to two retiring officers with an
envious record as officers of the Local Union.

The brothers honored were S. G. Wolf, Treasurer for 28 years and R. P. Gulp,
Financial Secretary for 24 years. Both members were presented with an engraved

gold wrist watch by their Local Union in appreciation of their long and faithful
service. Brother William A. Kendrick, Vice-President and Organizer for the
Pennsylvania State Council, and Eugene J. Considine, Secretary-Treasurer of the
Keystone District Council, of which Local Union No. 838 is an affiliate, made the
presentations by praising the services rendered by both brothers.

The committee on arrangements was the Executive Board of Local 838.

THE CARPENTER

LOOAl. UNION No. 16 HONORS OLD TEVfERS

Local Union No. 16, Springfield, Illinois, celebrated its 60th Anniversary on
Sunday, November 14, 1948, by presenting 50-year jewels of the Brotherhood to
William Rothermel, a member for 54 years, and Charles Hatch, a member for 52
years.

Ninety-three members were presented twenty-five year jewels for membership
varying from twenty-five to fifty years. General Representative Harold Cheesman
made the presentation.

General Representative, George C. Ottens, spoke to the members of Local No.
16 and their wives. He directed a plea to the ladies that they might encourage
their husbands to take a more active part in their Local Union, stating that pay-
ment of dues and just carrying a card was not enough. He further stated we had
a sample of labor's teamwork on November 2nd but that there was plenty more to
do and we must keep the ball rolling.

The program was concluded with an enthusiastically received showing of the
films of the activities of our Brotherhood.

BROTHERHOOD MEMBERS GET VISIT FROM PRESIDENT

In his successful battle for re-election, President Harry S. Truman paid a
signal honor to the Brotherhood members of Jersey City and vicinity, N. J., when
he stopped in to pay the Hudson County District Council a visit. With him was a
distinguished list of political dignitaries. As far as is known, this was the only
actual visit President Truman paid a union group in his extremely busy campaign
tour.

In the group vrhich accompanied President Truman on his visit to Jersey City
Carpenters were, from left to right: Archibald Alexander, candidate for United
States Senator; Congi'essnian Edward J. Hart; ex-goA^ernor A. Hari-j^ Moore; ex-
mayor and vice chairman of the National Democratic Committee Frank Hague;
Harry S. Tmnian, President of the United States; and Elmar IVI. "Wene, State
Senator.

LOCAL UNION No. 359 HONORS 32 GRADUATE APPRENTICES

On Wednesday, September 22, at a special called meeting. Local Union 359,
Philadelphia, made presentations of Official Journeymans' Certificates to 22 grad-
uate apprentices. For this occasion a request was granted from the General Office

THE CARPENTER

to assign General Executive Board Member O. Wm. Blaier to attend and make the
presentations. Local President Benj. T. Gray, welcomed G. E. B. Member Blaier
who is a member of this Local. He gave a very inspiring address to the new Jour-
neymen, and advised them to follow the Union standards of their fathers, many
of whom are members of Local 359. General Executive Board Member 0. Wm.
Blaier's remarks were well taken by the attending membership which numbered
over 500.

All of the 22 graduates, who were members before entering the Armed Forces,
saw service in battle. Several were taken prisoners of war and suffered severe
injuries. On this occasion also there were four brothers in the group, sons of a
member of Local 359.

Journeymans' Certificates were issued to the following Brothers:

Carl Kopp
Geoffery Crowder
Joseph N. Maertzig, Jr.
Michael J. Cavalieri
Joseph P. Voros
Joseph Knable
Francis Connor

Matthew Patyk
David J. McAllister
Wiliam P. Morrison
Ludwig Wertheimer
Peter N. Renter, Jr.
Edward Cronin
Wesley Schlegel
Albert G. Edelman

Frank Pinchick
Danny Bucci
Edward H. Christian
Joseph D. Christian
William J. Christian
Eugene C. Christian
Joseph N. Laming

LOCAJj UNION No. 643 MARKS 90tli BIRTHDAY

On August 18, 1948, Local Union No. 643, Chicago, celebrated the 90th Anni-
versary of the issuance of its original charter by the National Union, Shipwrights,
Joiners and Caulkers of America. This Local was then known as Local Union 17
and the charter was issued on August 23, 1858.

To commemorate this occasion the Union
held a special regular meeting night. A
splendid program was arranged by the Com-
mittee under the able direction of our Busi-
ness Agent Brother Carl Romano.

Refreshments were served, and the mov-
ing pictures of the Home and General Office
were shown, which were well received by the
3 76 members and invited guests present. The
Chinese proverb that "one picture is worth
a thousand words" was definitely confirmed
by the showing of these fine pictures. Our
members felt that they had some concept of
the wonders of the Home and its surround-
ings but countless numbers of our members
said they really did not fully understand and
appreciate how grand the Home is, nor how
efiicient and well managed the General Office
is until they had seen these pictures. Our
General Officers are to be congratulated not
only for their judgment and efficiency in the
discharge of their duties and responsibilities
to our members but also for their wisdom in
the production of this first-class film so that
our members new and old have a renewed
and justifiable pride in their membership in
our Organization.
Brother Ted Kenney, Business Agent of the District Council, graciously acted

as toastmaster and kept the activities and speaking program progressing in an

enjoyable manner.

Among the guests present on this evening were: General Representative Geo. C.

Ottens; Secretary Stanley L. Johnson; Vice-President Asgar Andrup; Business

Agents Daniel J. Butler and Chas. A. Thompson, and Daniel O'Connell of the

THE CARPENTER 39

Chicago District Council, as well as business agents, officers and members of the
various Local Unions affiliated with the Chicago District Council.

We were pleased and happy to receive the following telegram from our Gen-
eral President: "Accept the heartiest congratulations of all General Officers on
your ninetieth anniversary as a local union. It is the hope of all of us that your
local union will continue into the future as a local union of the United Brotherhood
upholding the splendid record of the members of your local union who have
boarded the ship held fast at the dock in the Great Beyond."

Local Union No. 643 received its present charter from the United Brotherhood
on May 7, 1909 when 132 members then affiliated with Local 17 became charter
members.

We are enclosing a picture of the banner which is one of the prized possessions
of our Local Union.

SAN LUIS OBISPO DEDICATES FINE NEW HOME

Recently Local Union No. 163 2, San Luis Obispo, California, fulfilled a long
cherished hope when the officers and members officially opened their new home
with appropriate dedicatory ceremonies.

Present at the dedicatory program, held in the auditorium of the new building,
were civic officials, business leaders and labor union representatives from through-
out southern and central California.

Mayor Tim O'Reilly, in giving the address of welcome to the carpenters and
their guests, congratulated the group on its modern new building which he de-
scribed at a tribute to members of the Local, and architecturally an outstanding
addition to the city's business structures.

Following the invocation by Father Patrick Daly, pastor of the Old Mission, a
short review of Local 1632's history was given by President Roy J. Wilson, who
was master of ceremonies for the evening.

Recalling that the organization's charter was issued on July 3, 1905, and that
the charter had never been surrendered due to inactivity, Wilson said that very
few labor locals in the state could match this record.

Pioneer Carpenter Union members were introduced, including those whose
union cards dated back before the San Luis Obispo local was organized.

Appearing briefly on the program was William Turner, whose membership
dates back to 19 01; Wilbur Daniels, who has been a Carpenter's union member
continuously since 19 02; and Oliver Wilson, father of the union president, who
has been a member of this local since 1920. Also introduced was L. L. Hill, former
business agent of the local.

Daniels recalled that the local had survived some trying days including the
years, 1934 and 193 5, when its membership had shrunk to seven, and the meet-
ing place was a garage in the rear of the Daniel's residence.

Present membership of Local No. 1632, which includes all union carpenters
in San Luis Obispo county, is 3 80, it was reported.

Principal speakers of the evening were Curtis J. Hyans of Los Angeles, inter-
national representative of the American Federation of Labor, who reviewed the
history of the labor movement and current activities of the California State
Federation of Labor; and Cecil Johnson, president of the Los Angeles County
Council of Carpenters.

Johnson gave the dedicatory address and presented the building's key to Roy J.
Wilson, local president.

The new building, of Spanish type architecture conforming with the Old Mission
in the adjoining block, is one of the city's most modern and imposing structures.

Containing more than 5,500 square feet of floor space on the two floors, it is
constructed of concrete and brick with a tile roof.

The upper floor houses local Carpenters union offices, and the offices of Cul-
inary and Bartenders Local No. 703, in addition to a modern, sound-proofed audi-
torium seating more than 350 people. The street floor contains space for two large
stores.

THE C A R P E X T E R

ESSEX COUNTY CARPEXTERS DO REAL JOB

Among the areas "wliere members of our Brotherhood did a bang-up political
job is Essex County, New Jersey. Working closely with the Political Educational
League of Essex County, Brotherhood members in the district played an important
part in a very successful registration drive. Brotherhood members also carried
through in various drives to educate people as to issues of the day and to get citi-
zens out to vote. That their combined efforts paid off is attested to by Essex County
official records.

Left to right — First Row: Michael Cantwell, Local I'nion 71.">; "VYllliam Purcell,
Local Union 306: Alex Bruce. Local Union 306; G^^orge Dodd. Local Union 429;
John J. Walsack, Local Union 1209; Geoi-ge ZickgTaf, Local Union 119; Eniil Lin-
ser, Local Union 349,

Second Row: Louis Tai-chis, Local Union 1782; Pliilip Isi-ael, Local Union 1783;
Walter .Sculthoi^pe, Local Union 2212; .Stephen 01m.sted. Local Union 119.

Thii'd Pi.ow: Robert Geddls, Local Union :306: John Caiben-j-, Local Union 306;
Thomas Zappo, Local Union 349; .John Richter, Local Union 349; Carl Hanson,
Local Union ;306.

Foui'th Row: Artlini' Emerson, Local Union 306: George Stritter, Local X'nion
429; Neil Vauglm, Local Union 119; John Erfurt, Local Union 1309; Anthony
Rocco, Local Union 1209; Paul BLair, Local Union 1309.

In a letter to the General Office, the Political Educational League of Essex
County pays lavish tribute to the active cooperation put forth by Brotherhood
Locals in the territory. Enclosed with the letter was the picture herewith reprinted.
In part the letter said:

"To these men, in no small measure, is due much of the credit for the 61,478
new names added to the county registration records above this year's primary, and
the fact that we now have more than 4.5,0 0 0 new voters above the 19 44 presidential
figures.

"None of this should be surprising to you because when our national director,
Joseph D. Keenan was in Newark in September, I told him what the Carpenters
were doing in this area and he said they were doing a fine job all over the country.

CONTINUED COOPERATION OF L.ABIES ESSENTIAL,

Investigators are finding out that a good portion of the credit for the great
showing made by labor in last month's election must go to the ladies. The wives,
mothers, and daughters of organized workers participated more actively in this
election than in any other election in history. Through their Auxiliaries, the
women acquainted themselves with the vital issues involved. Then they actively
campaigned for labor's friends and against labor's enemies. Their great effort
has earned them the thanks of all organized labor.

In the uncertain days ahead their continued support will be vital. The threat
of anti-labor legislation and eventual depression are not eliminated. The fight
must go on and the ladies must continue taking an active interest in all problems
affecting organized labor.

HOBBS AUXILIARY NEW BUT ACTIVE

The Editor:

Friendly greetings from Carpenters' Auxiliary No. 49 7, Hobbs, New Mexico.

We are a new organization — got our charter with twenty charter members,
the first of the year. We have two meetings monthly, 1st and 3rd Fridays. The
first is our business meeting and the other our social. Our next social is to be a
bingo party in order to raise funds for the Auxiliary.

We have thirty-five members at the present time. We have a dance on the
3rd Saturday of every month. We have secret pals and plan on having a big
Christmas party to reveal who our secret pals were throughout the year. We
meet at the Carpenters Hall, 12 2 E. Taylor Street.

Our officers are Buriel Berset, President; Eula Branum, Vice-President; Hattie
Ward, Financial Secretary; Margaret Moffett, Conductress; Idell Austin, Warden;
Trustees, Pearl Halliburton, Leona Hodge, Alice Walker; and Mary Lyke, Secre-
tary.

If any of you ladies are ever in our city we would like to welcome you to
visit us. We would also welcome any letters and ideas from other Auxiliaries.

Fraternally, Mary Lyke, Secretary.

LADIES AUXILIARY No. 301 HAS GOOD TEVIES

The Editor:

Hello from the Ladies Auxiliary 3 61 of Pittsburgh, Pa.

We have a very fine group of ladies in our Auxiliary. We meet the second
Friday of each month at 8:00 o'clock at the Unitarian Church parish house,
corner of North Ave. and Resaca Place.

We play bingo after our meetings, prizes being given to the winners. We often
have little get-togethers, and have many good times together.

We would like to know of any wives, mothers, sisters or daughters of union
carpenters who would like to join our organization. Just let us know or come to
our meeting or contact Rita Spilichi, Ce. 1153. We would be very happy to have
you join us. j^.^.^ Spilichi, Recording Secretary.

Craft ProblQms

Carpentry

By H. H. Siegele
LESSON 243

In this lesson a number of problems
will be treated in wliich both the square
and the circle play important parts. Be-
cause these lessons deal with the steel
square, the parts that belong to the
square will be emphasized, while the
parts concerning the circle will be treat-
ed as a secondarr matter.

Fig. 1

Obtaining Circumference. — ^A simple
way to obtain the circumference of a

circular layout, as a tank, a building, or
a plot of ground, is illustrated by Fig.
1. If the diameter or radius is known,
then the circumference can be obtained
with the steel square. Using a conven-
ient scale, draw a circle representing the
layout. Then place the heel of the
square at the center of the circle, point
C. From the point where the outside
edge of the blade crosses the circumfer-
ence draw a line to the point where the
outside edge of the tongue crosses it, as
shown. At the center of this line and at
a right angle to it, draw A-B. Now mul-
tiply the radius by 6 and add the dis-
tance A-B, which will give you the cir-
cumference. If instead of multiplying
the radius bv 6, you multiuly the diam-

eter by 3 and add A-B, the answer will
be the same. The same results can be
obtained by mathematics, in which case
you multiply the diameter by pi, or
3.1416.

Bell-Shaped Roof. — ^Fig. 2 shows a
cross section of a bell-shaped roof. The

Fi?. 2

pitch of such a roof is determined by
what could be called regular rafters,
onto which the bell-shaped forms are
fastened, or if the material will permit
it, the shape of the roof can be cut on
the upper edge of the rafters. In cases
where the shape of such roofs are cut
on the rafters, a measuring line should
be used for marking the cuts and for
stepping off the length. This measuring
line could correspond with the upper

Fig. 3

from the curTri
The pitch of -.le
drawing is a lis..:
the bottom ed?r
as the mei. -;:--!"
tions of tli s^uar

:sii-.i

THE CARPENTER

is 5 feet, plus the length of the foot cut.
Other roofs in which the rafters have
curved upper edges are framed in the
same way. A good example of this is

Fig. 4

shown by Fig. 3, where the bottom
edges of the rafters are set at full pitch.
The curves of these rafters are drawn
with a radius pole. The upper half circle
is made by pivoting the radius pole on
the X shown at the center, while the
quarter circles to the right and left are
made by pivoting the same radius pole
on the X's to the left and to the right.

Marking Curve with Trammel. — Fig.
4 shows two squares in part, in posi-
tions for marking the curvatures of a

Fig. 5

rafter pattern with the trammel. Here
the rise is longer than the run, but each
is divided into two parts in order to
obtain the ogee curvature. The dis-
tances a and b, shown by the upper
trammel, are the same as the respec-

tive distances marked a and b in the
run and rise. The marking is done by
moving the trammel in the direction of
the arrow, keeping the two points con-
stantly in contact with the square. The
pencil is fastened to the trammel by
means of a small hole, into which it is
wedged.

Fig. 5 shows the same kind of rafter,
but its po.5ition in the roof will be in
reverse order. The run here is divided
into two equal parts, just as the rise is
divided into two equal parts. The only
difference between Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is
the reversal of the order. The refer-

Fig. 6

ence letters are the -same, and the ex-
planation of Fig. 4 will apply to Fig. 5,
but in reverse.

Another Trammel Problem. Fig. 6
shows how to determine the different
points of a trammel that is to be used
for describing an oblong hole on a pitch
roof for a ventilating duct to pass
through in a vertical direction. The
square in the position -shown has a
diagonal line drawn from 12 to 12,
which means that the roof is half pitch.
Now set the compass at point 12 on the
tongue, and with a radius one-half the
diameter of the duct, describe a circle,
as shown. Where the circle crosses the
outside edge of the tongue, raise a line
parallel with the blade of the square.

THE CARPEXTER

The distance a gives the short part of
the trammel, as shown by the detail to
the npper left, while the distance b gives

tte long part, as also shoTm by the

detail.

Fig. 7

Fig. 7 shows the same square with the
tramniel in position for marking one-
quarter of the oblong at A. Wben tMs
quarter is marked on stiff building
paper, cut it out for a pattern with
wblch wbole oblong can be marked, as
indicated by dotted lines at B, C, and D.
The points of the trammel that contact
the square have two short metal pegs,
while the marking is done with a pencil
&stened to the trammel by means of a
hole, into which the pencil is wedged.

H. H. SIEGELE'S BOOKS

CARPENTRY.— Zi- .::. ;., ,':4 il, i-r^ir^g J^-.^iV

"^l BUI ldI sg"' t prA des'Id 1 ctI o'na'r y ,— i:"iT ' ; y" i '. '.

" kClt k7co'n'sT R l^CT 10 h'^r-i-i " -^izT^ -'; '.';: "

'""blTldThI.— MiiT:;"' Jf'i 'n'rz .' i-rji^j";.-—

""cbNGRETE"cdNSfR"Jcf[OS~^^ii' Lr^'T" 41^ i^l'

TWIGS OF "-
PLSHING E . ■
FREE.— W:-

u - c • :
1 1 d sy
ftL A^iTlTIES

H. Hi SIEGELE Empori

,onsf. :
. Kans
I. C-;:-;

Describing an Oblong. — A nether
method for marking a hole in a pitch
roof for a duct that is to pass through
it in a vertical direction is shown by
Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. S shows the square
in such a position that the edge of the
blade holds the same pitch as the roof,
in this case a half pitch. At a conven-
ient point on the tongue, set the com-
pass, and with a radius one-half the
diameter of the duct, describe a circle,

HANG THAT DOOR THE PROFESSIONAL WAY

YOU DO THIS

E-Z Mark Butt Gauge

AMD en THIS

• Hang in ore doers better.

• NoadjBstninits.NeaTers.

• Used and apprcved hy Master

• Cones in 3^' aid 4" (standard) slzts

• PreeisNa Bade.

Cast ONIjY $1J75 es.. or $3.50 £ £et
at yDot iidir. store. IT deater can't sup-
ply, send (BilF $1.M with cndeT and ii&j
PcrtrLEi; tLlEDce.pl^IKJStage C.OJ). In Can., $3. "5 'noC-O.D.)

E-Z }UAl TOOLS. Box 8377 DepL C, Los ABgeles 16, Ctl.

COMES WITH
LEATHERETTE CASI

PAINE

Suctaen Jbeptn

DRILLS
CUT HOLES FASTER
WITH LESS EFFORT

Paine "Sudden Depth"
drills, Carboloy tipped,

cut ihrougli vrood, con-
rrets or any non-metaHic
— =tsricl fester, easier
ticni ordinary drills. Be-
cruse they are "diomond-
h.ard," ihsy last longer
. . . reguire less sharpen-
ing. Priced lower than
ever. Use in any slaw
speed Electric Drill.

"Sudden Depth" drills
are available in two
styles . . Fluted Shank
icr deep holes, and Bound
Shrrn-f tor shoUcw anchor
hc"-s=. Ertensicz^ can be
eoisily vrsli&d to either
~Ddel icr "my length drill.
Send for descriptiTe litera-
tLire today!

THE PAINE COMPANY

23 £7 CcrroU Ave.
Chicago 12, Illinois

THE CARPENTER

as shown. Now draw a vertical line
through the center of the circle, and di-
vide it into any number of spaces, some-
what as shown. From these points draw

Fig. 8

horizontal lines to the outside edge of
the blade, as shown by the straight-and-
dotted lines. Where these lines contact
the edge of the blade, draw indefinite

point a, draw a curved line through
these points, which will give you one-
half of the oblong, as shown to the
right of the blade in Fig. 9. This mark-
ing should be done on stiff building
paper, and when one half is marked,
use it as a pattern to mark the hole in
the roof for the duct.

Buy a;

CARLSON KULE

and

WITH lO-SECOND
BLADE CHANGE

Fig. 9

lines at a right angle to it, as shown.
This done, transfer the lengths of the
lines, b, c, d, e, etc., from the circle to
the respective right-angle lines, b, c, d,
e, etc., on the blade. When these dis-
tances are all transferred, starting at

CARPENTERS
HANDBOOK

consists of short but practical
rules for laying out roofs, ceil-
ings, hoppers, stairs and arches
with tables of board measure,
length of common, hip, valley
and jack rafters, square meas-
ure, etc. — also, rules for kerf-
ing, laying off gambrel roof and
explaining the steel square.
Money back if not satisfied

$1.00 postpaid

D. A. ROGERS

5344 Clinton Ave.
Minneapolis 9, Minn.

With a Carlson Rule, when a
blade is accidentally damaged or
numerals become worn, you
don't have to buy a new rule.
Just get an extra blade and in-
sert it. In 10 seconds, a "new"
rule for Vz the cost!
Carlson & Sullivan. Inc.. Monrovia, Galit.

c^^iP STEEK TAPE RUIES

New- Butt Mortise Plane

"Made by a Carpenter for Carpenters"

•'Hang Doors Quicker

and Better
• Uniform Depth

Cuts Clean and Even

• Also for Lock
Fronts, Striking
Plates Etc.

• Easy To Use

SIMPLE TO OPERATE -HERE'S HOW

1. Use Chisel as Sliown in IlUistration.

2. Set Butt Mortise Plane blade for depth by
holding plane bottom side up and placing hinge
in front of blade.

3. Push Blade Through Until Flush with Hinge,
tighten thumbscrew. (If door has bevel, set
hinge a trifle deeper.)

4. Plane out remainder of wood in both directions
by reversing plane. Repeat operation on jamb.

Over o// Size 9y8"-B/ode I3/T<"
Cash with Order, $4.15 Prepaid. If C. 0. D.,
postage extra.

WELBERT DOHjMEYEB

Rte. 1, Box 155, Crete, Illinois

THE CARPENTE3R

WANTS TO KNOW

By H. H. Siegele

A reader wants to know what will
happen at point A in Fig. 1 when a con-
tinuous handrail is used.

A continuous handrail would have an
awkward drop and twist at the turning
point, marked A in Fig. 1. The solu-

*ii'-*-

V\^

Fig. 1

tion is simple. All that is necessary is
to change the design slightly. This is
shown by Fig. 2, where the two flights
of stairs have been offset 7 inches from
the original landing. By doing this the
handrail will have a uniform fall, and

*-//*

'7-

V'-V

J '

;§-

Fig. 2

the same number of ballusters can be
used on the curve at the angle as are
used on the steps.

How the 7-inch offset for the two
flights is arrived at is also simple. In
order to make the balusters work out
right on the curve at the angle, the
curve will have to be as long as the
width of a step, or 11 inches. If the

quarter circle will have to be 11 inches
long, then the circumference of the
whole circle will have to be four times
11 inches long, or 44 inches. To get the
radius of a circle whose circumfernce is
44 inches we divide 44 by 3.1416 and
divide the quotient by 2. This gives
us approximately 7 inches for the ra-
dius, which at the same time is the dis-
tance of the offsets indicated by dotted
lines in Fig. 2.

the'StmEP SAW FILER

Moi^.

Saves You Time, Money

Now jrou can do expert saw filing tt
home. Lifetime tool makes precisioa
filing easy for even the most inexperi-
enced. Two simple adjustments maktt
it fit any type hand saw. Keep your
saws extra sharp and true-cutting with
a Speed Saw Filer. Complete with &lc«
I ready to use. Money back guarantee.
Cash with order, prepaid. (COJ>.
posuge extra.)

THE SPEED COMPANY

Depl. A 20ZSN.E. Sandy, Portland 12, Or*.

LEARN TO ESTIMATE

If you are ambitious to have your own busi-
ness and be your own boss the "Tamblyn
System" Home Study Course in Estimating
will start you on your way.

By the use of this System of Estimating you
avail yourself of the benefits and guidance of
the author's 40 years of practical experience
reduced to the language you understand.
You will never find a more opportune time
to establish yourself in business than now.
Study the course for ten days absolutely
free. If you decide you don't want to keep
it, just return it. Otherwise send us $8.75
and pay the balance of $30.00 at $7.50 per
month, making a total of $38.75 for the com-
plete course. On request we will send you
plans, specifications, estimate sheets, a copy
of the Building Labor Calculator, and com-
plete instructions. What we say about this
course is not important, but what you find it
to be after you examine it is the only thing
that matters. You be the judge; your deci-
sion is final.

Write your name and address clearly and
give your age, and trade experience.

TAMBLYN SYSTEW

Johnson Building C-24, Denver 2, Colorado

NOTICE

All Contracts for advertising space in "The Car-
penter," including those stipulated as non-can-
cellable, are only accepted subject to the above
reserved rights of the publishers.

Index of Advertisers

Carpenters' Tools and Accessories

Page
Carlson & Sullivan, Inc., Mon-
rovia, Cal. 45

Henry Disston & Sons, Inc.,

Philadelphia, Pa. 1

Wilbert Dohmeyer, Crete, III 45

E-Z Mark Tools, Los Angeles,

Cal. 44

Foley Mfg. Co., Minneapolis, Minn. 48

Greenlee Tool Co., Rockford, Ill._ 4

Mall Tool Co., Chicago, III 3rd Cover

Master Rule Mfg. Co., White

Plains, N. Y. 1

North Bros. Mfg. Co., Philadel-
phia, Pa. 4

The Paine Co., Chicago, 111 44

Sharp's Framing Square, L. L.

Crowley, Salem, Ore. 47

The Speed Co., Portland, Ore 46

The Speed Corp., Portland, Ore._ 48
Stanley Tools, Ne-w Britain, Conn._3rd Cover

Oarpentay Materials

Johns-Manville Corp., New York,

N. Y. 48

The Upson Co., Lockport, N. Y.-2nd Cover

Doors
Overhead Door Corp., Hartford

City, Ind. 4th Cover

Technical Courses and Books

American School, Chicago, III. 4

American Technical Society, Chi-
cago, 111. 47

Theo. Audel, New York, N. Y 3rd Cover

Chicago Technical College, Chi-
cago, 111. 3

Geo. P. Lewis, New City, Rock-
land Co., N. Y 48

D. A. Rogers, Minneapolis, Minn. 45

H. H. Siegele, Emporia, Kans. 44

Tamblyn System, Denver, Colo._ 46

KEEP THE MONEY
IN THE PAMIIiTI

PATRONIZE
ADVERTISERS

NOW! Roof
Framing is Easy

with SHARP'S

Automatic
Framing Square

^P ENLARGED
SECTION
Rafter Table

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW IS WIDTH
OF BUILDING AND PITCH OF ROOF

Ask your dealer
or write :

llOYD I. CROWLEV

188 0-A Souih 12ih S»,.
Solem, Oregon

Prepaid

$395

ic. o. 0. »OJI

^«^^^«9S<^0^ FRAMING SOU ARE

9 BIG BUILDING BOOKS

12th Edition for
EXAMINATION

SEND NO MONEY

Learn to draw plini, eitlmate, ba t Ilve-wlre builder, do

remodeling, take contracting jobs. These 9 practical, pro-
fusely Illustrated books cover subjects that will help you
to get more work and make more money. Masonry, con-
crete forms, carpentry, steel square, roof framing, construc-
tion, plumbing, heating, painting, decorating and many
other subjects. More than 4000 pages — 2750 Illustrations.

UP-TO-DATE

EDITION

These books ar*
the most up-to-
date and complet*
we have ever pub-
lished on thsM
many subjects.
Examination

BETTER JOBS - BETTER PAY

A nationwide building boom is In full
■wing and trained men are needed.
Big opportunities are always for MEN
WHO KNOW HOW. These books sup-
ply quick, easily understood training and
handy, permanent reference Information
Ihat helps solve building problems.

Coupon Brings Nine Big Books For

AMERICAN TECHNICAL SOCIETY Publishers since 1898

Dept. G936 Drexel at 58th Street, Chicago 37, III.

Tou may ship me the TJp-to-Date edition of your nine
big books, "Building. Estimating, and Contracting" with-
out any obligation to buy. I will pay the delivery charge*
only, and If fully satisfied In ten days, I will send yoo
$2.00, and after that only $3.00 a month, until the total
price of only $34.80 Is paid. I am not obligated In 1117
way unless I keep the books.

Name

Address

City State

Attach letter stating age, occupation, employer's name and
address, and name and address of at least one buslneii
man as reference. Men in service, also give home address.

This popular asbestos roof is fireproof,

rotproof, and..

Yo'U could actually Icy A.mer;ccr, Colorial
Shingles blindfolded! No chalk lines o>r
measuring neeessary.

It's an Asbestos Strip

f^iiS^-^

• Only 80 pieces per square—
the same as an asphalt strip

• Automatic alignment — self-
spacing

• Only 4 nails per shingle in pre-
punched holes

• Easy-to-use Shingle Cutters
speed application

Johns-Manvllle >i^^'^^>^^ Asbestos Shingles

Tftofk

"I di: -

r- T f - ■ iT

$900

IN SPARE niHE

REE BOOK

PENDENCE AFTER W

trnie.
me."

Carpenters Hake tp to S2 or S3 ai;
Spare lijre. VTith a Foler A-to::i£
Filer you can file hand, bind and

Ca=h t"s'n- = - n-'' cinTa = = z-"' "■' ^

F
MMDE

EllO'W;

can :

spare

inve

OTern

deT^l.

fiill--

Eiop.

today

pract

Send C'OUfiaK'Pon, FREE BCk>k

FOLEY MFG.. CO., I21S-S Foley Bldg.^

Minneapolis 15, Mian.

Send FIiEZ EC' OK — "Independence After 40"

Name

SAWCIAMP '"

Speed Up Saw Fil/ngS *¥•

A.'oney-Scc'<

— _:.- :: l-v^r-nr r-::rds that tell
7 : ill i: _: 7::r biisiness (and
7:1 d:nt naTe : : itruggle learning
bookkeeping, i It's easy ! It's down
to earth! Written by a Certified Public Ac-
countant est>eclallT for the Small Business. This
36 page Hl-^-r-.-^d In = Tr-::T::n Book. '-MAK-
ENTG TOUS Er.-::"F.^.S EXFLAFN" IT.SELF"'
■win guide 7" -T-- :t --.^.z. Start the New
Tear Right : SEl.'E 'JNLY Sl.OO ... that's all!
It may saxe 7 . n :- Ir^d; : Geo. P. Lew'is, CPA-
Box 23-C. New Cit;.-, Rockland Co., N. Y.

Stanley No. 51V2 Hammer

Works with you...

Makes work easier!

THE TOOL BOX OF THE WORLD

[STANLEY]

Reg. U.S. Pot. Crff.

HARDWARE -HAND TOOLS -ELECTRIC TOOLS —

Ma^®

Day

Every

eASlBR

WITH A

MODEL
60

Carpenters everywhere finish
more work . . . faster . . . easier
with a Model 60 MallSaw. It
cuts wood and metal .
grooves mortar joints . . . cuts
and scores tile, concrete and
other aggregate compositions.
When set in special stand it
can be used as table saw,
shaper, bench grinder or sand
er. Also larger models.

6" Blade — 2" Capacity
Ask Dealer or Write Portable Power Tool Division.

MALL TOOL COMPANY

7751 South Chicago Avenue, Chicago, 19, Illinois

AUDELS Carpenten
and Builders Guides

4vols.$€

InsideTrade Inf ormatioi

for Carpenters, Builders. Jok
ers, Bailding Meclianics and a
Woodworkers. These Guide
grive yoQ the short-cut instruc
tions that yoa want— includin
new methods, ideas, solutions
plans, systems and money sav
ing suggestions. An easy pre
gressive course for the apprer
tice and etodent. A practici
daily helper and Quick Refei
ence for the master workei
Carpenters everywhere are us
ing these Guides as a Helpin
Band to Easier Work. Bette
Work and Better Pay. To gi
this assistance for yoorselj
.... ... .- .... simply fill in and

Inside Trade Information On : mail free coupon beiow.

How to use the steel square — How to file and

set saws — How to build furniture — How to use

a mitre box — How to use the chali llne^ — How

to use rules and scales — How to make joints —

Carpenters arithmetic — Solving mensuration

problems — Estimating strength of timbers —

How to set girders and sills — How to Irame

houses and roofs — How to estimate costs — How

to build houses, barns, garages, bungalows, etc.

— How to read and draw plans — Drawing up

specifications — How to excavate— How to use

settings 12, 13 and 17 on the steel square — How

to build hoists and scallolds — skylights — How

to build stairs — How to put on Interior trim —

How to hang doors — How to lath — lay floors — How to paint.

AUDEL, Publishers, 49 W. 23rd St., New York 10, N. Y.

Mail Audels Carpenters and Builders Guides, 4 vols., on 7 days' free
trial. If OK I will r:-.it $1 in 7 days and $1 monthly until $6 is paid,
—Otherwise I will return them. No obligation unless I am satisfied.

CAB

• • . UNINTERRUPTED SERVICE

• The "OVERHEAD DOOR" v/ith the Miracle Wedge is
specified for con^rrercia!, industrial and residential struc-
tures by millions of users because of its sound construction
and uninterrupted service. Any "OVERHEAD DOOR" may
be manually or electrically operated with instant, de-
pendable performance insured. The Miracle V/edge pro-
vides ideal opening end closing action. The door lifts
upward and rolls back out of the v/ay on full-floating,
ball bearing rollers. It descends to v/edge tightly against
casing and header. Weathertight closure and fast, easy
operation ore assured by this quality door.

TRACKS AND HARDWARE OF SALT SPRAY STEEL

OVERHEAD DOOR CORPORATION

NATION-V/IDE

SALES

INSTALLATION

SERVICE

Hartford City, Indiana, U. S. A,

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