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MPENTER 

/  FOUNDED    1881 

Official  Publication  of  the 
Unifed  Brofherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America 


mmmumtdiAmm^Smti 


fef  FRED  LUDWIG  teii 


you 


hQW  UPSON 
KUVER'KRAK  PANELS 
solved  the  tratked 
telling  problem  In 
his  own  home 

FRED  H.  LUDWIG,  President  Merritt 
Lumber  Yards,  Inc.,  Reading,  Pa.,  former 
president  National  Retail  Lumber  Dealers 
Association,  nationally  known  merchan- 
diser of  quality  building  materials,  writes: 
"The  reason  that  I  used  Upson  Kuver- 
Krak  Panels  in  the  living  room  and  library 
of  my  own  residence  was  brought  about 
by  the  great  difficulty  I  had  with  the 
plaster  cracking. 

"Having  the  faith  in  Upson  Panels, 
developed  through  the  many  years  that 
we've  handled  your  products,  prompted 
me  to  use  it  and  once  and  for  aH,  get  rid 
of  further  failures. 

"I  am  glad  to  report  to  you  that  these 
panels  have  been  very  satisfactory  and 
have  done  everything  that  we  expected 
them  to  do." 


Above:  Mr.  Ludwig's  living  room  with  an  Upaon-panelled 
ceiling.  Right:  One  of  the  showplaces  of  eastern  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  residence  of  Mr.  Ludwig  at  Wyomisaing. 


Like  Fred  Ludwig,  thou- 
sands of  lumber  dealers 
and  thousands  of  carpen- 
ters will  tell  you  there's 
nothing  like  Upson  Panels 
for  re-covering  cracked 
ceilings. 

ntail  ihis 


THE   UPSON   COMPANY 

5312  Upson  Point,  Loelcporl,  N.Y. 

I  am  interested  in  knowing  more  about  Upson  Strong-Bilt 
Panels  □  Kuver-Krak  Panels  D-  Send  me  a  free  copy  of  your 
booklet — "New  Interiors  For  Old." 


covpon  todayi 


^: 


KIAMF 

TYPF  OF   BtlSINFRS 

.<;trfft 

CITY 

STATE 

Do  off  tdeiejokittite^ 

with  this  Cummins 

POWER  TOOL  COMBINATION 


If  you  were  to  buy  oil  the  power  tools,  with  independent 
motor  drives,  that  you'd  need  to  do  all  the  jobs 
illustrated  here,  it  would  cost  you  in  excess  of  $350.00. 
For  only  $176.00  you  can  buy  this  new  and  amazing 
Cummins  Combination  of  power  tools,  consisting  of 
Cummins  Model  600  Portable  Saw  the  power  unit, 
Cummins  Model  630  4"  Belt  Sander  and  Cummiris 
Model  640  Planer.  In  your  shop  or.  on  the  job  site 
these  tools  will  save  you  money  .  .  ,  they  will  do 
all  these  jobs  faster,  better,  easier.  Write  today  for 
complete  details.  You  will  be  gidd  you  did. 


SAWING 


DOOR  PLANING 


BEVEL  PLANING 


SURFACE  PLANING 


Bwy  T/i/s  GTea\  Deal  Today  for  Only  $176.00.  See  Your  Hardware,  Woodworking  or 

Industrial  Supply  Jobber. 

IL  THIS   COUPON   TODAY! 


MAI 


Model 

640 

Planer 

$6400 


CUMMINS  MODEL  600  SAW 
THE  POWER  UNIT 

Cuts  \V»'  deep  in  wood.  Base  adjusts 
for  depth  and  bevel  cuts.  At  45°  cuts 
through  lumber  1  %"  thick.  Compact  and 
light.  Weighs  only  1 1  lbs.  Has  conven- 
tional equipment  with  6"  combination 
saw  blade. 

Name „„ 


CUMMINS  MODEL  630 
SANDING  UNIT 

Mounts  to  Cummins  Model  600.-Saw  as 
shown.  Standard  4'  x  27"  belts  insure 
fast,  efficient  sanding.  Quick,  easy  ad- 
iustment  for  removing  and  replacing 
belts  and  for  centering  belts  on  pulleys. 
With  saw  mounted,  unit  weighs  1  8  lbs. 

Address 


Occupation , City. 


CUMMINS  MODEL  640 
PLANER  UNIT 

Mounts  to  Cummins  Model  600  Saw  as 
shown.  Removes  up  to  Yie"  of  stock  in 
one  cut.  Adjustable  for  depth  of  cut. 
Equipped  with  bevel  attochment.  Cutter- 
head  is  4"  wide  with  removable  blades. 
With  sow  mounted,  unit  weighs  20  lbs. 


Zone State. 


CUMMINS     PORTABLE     TOOLS 

DIVISION     OF     CUMMINS     BUSINESS    MACHINES    CORPORATION 

4740    NORTH    RAVENSWOOD    AVENUE      •     CHICAGO    40,    ILLINOIS 

Over    60     Years    of    Precision    Manufacture 


TnC^M^NTEE 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  March,   1913 


A   Monthly   Journal,   Owned   and   Published    by   the   United    Brotherhood    of    Carpenters    and    Joiners 
of  America,  for  all  its  Members  of  all  its  Branches. 

PET£R  E.  TERZICK,  Editor 
Carpenters'  Building,  222  E.  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis  4,  Indiana 

Established  in  1881 
Vol.  LXX— No.  1 


INDIANAPOLIS,    JANUARY,    1950 


One   Dollar   Per  Year 
Ten  Cents  a  Copy 


—  Content  s  — 


We  Are  Growing  Stronger 


Much  of  the  economic  strength  of  the  United  States  stems  from  the  fact  that  more 
and  more  of  our  people  are  entering  the  working  force.  Whereas  only  35  per  cent  of 
our  people  held  down  jobs  in  1890,  nearly  42  per  cent  of  all  the  people  are  now  gain- 
fully employed.  Naturally,  the  more  people  there  are  at  work,  the  more  goods  the 
nation   can   turn   out. 


The  Problem  Of  Old-Age  Security 


A  famous  economist— never  noted  for  his  liberal  views— takes  a  look  at  the  problem 
of  providing  security  for  our  old  people  and  comes  to  the  conclusion  that  an  adequate 
Social  Security  program  is  the  best  answer.  A  really  thorough  analysis  of  the  whole 
old-age   security   question. 


Twin  Cities  Lay  Corner  Stone 


18 


The  General  Officers,  present  in  St.  Paul  to  attend  the  recent  convention  of  the  Ameri- 
can Federation  of  Labor,  help  the  Twin  Cities  District  Council  lay  the  corner  stone  of 
their  new  building;   thus   bringing   to   reality   a  thirty   year  old  dream. 

21 

The  year  1949  saw  many  weird  accidents  take  place — many  of  them  so  unusual  as 
to  be  funny— to  everyone,  that  is,  except  the  victims.  The  moral  Is  that  on  or  off  the  job 
no  man  or  woman  can   be  too  careful. 


Moral:  Safety  Pays 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 

Plane   Gossip 
The    Locker 
Official 
Editorials     - 
In  Memoriam 
Correspondence 
To  the  Ladies 
Craft  Problems 


16 

20 
23 
24 
29 
31 
38 
40 


Index  to  Advertisers     - 


47 


Entered  July   22,    1915,   at   INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second   class   mail   matter,    under   Act  of 

Congress,  Aug.  24,  1912.    Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for 

in  Section  1103,  act  of  October  3.   1917,   authorized  on   July   8,   1918. 


CARPENTERS 

BUILDERS  and  APPRENTICES 


Get  the  practical  training  you  need 

jmmsm^^fimfor  PROMOTION, 

INCREASED  INCOME 

Prepare  now  for  more  pay,  greater  success. 
Hundreds  have  quickly  advanced  to  foreman, 
superintendent,  inspector,  estimator,  contrac- 
tor, witli  this  Chicago  Tech  training  in  Build- 
ing. Your  practical  experience  aids  your  suc- 
cess. 

I. earn  how  to  lay  out  and  run  building  jobs,  read 
blue  prints,  estimate  building  costs,  superintend  con- 
struction. Practical  training  with  complete  blue  print 
plans  and  specifications — same  as  used  by  superin- 
tendents and  contractors.  Over  45  years  of  experi- 
ence in  training  practical  builders. 


FREE 


Blue  Prints 
and  Trial  Lesson 


THOROUGH  TRAINING  IN  BUILDING 

Learn  at  Home  in  Your  Spare  Time 

The  successful  builder  will  tell  you 
that  the  way  to  the  top-pay  jobs  and 
success  in  Building  is  to  get  thorough 
knowledge  of  blue  prints,  building  con- 
struction and  estimating. 

In  this  Chicago  Tech  Course,  you  learn  to 
read  blue  prints — the  universal  language  of 
the  builder — and  understand  specifications — 
for  all  types  of  buildings. 

You  learn  building  construction  details : 
foundations,  walls,  roofs,  windows  and  doors, 
arches,  stairs,  etc. 

You  learn  how  to  lay  out  work  and  direct 
building  jobs  from  start  to  finish.  Tou  learn 
to  estimate  building  costs  quick- 
ly and  accurately.  Find  out 
how  you  can  prepare  at  home 
for  the  higher-paid  jobs  in 
Building,  or  your  own  success- 
ful contracting  business.  Get  the 
facts  about  this  income-boosting 
Chicago  Tech  training  now. 


Send  today  for  Trial  Lesson:  "How  to  Read 
Blue  Prints,"  and  set  of  Blue  Print  Plans — 
sent  to  you  Free.  See  for  yourself  how  this 
Chicago  Tech  course  prepares  you  to  earn 
more  money,  gives  you  the  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  Building  required  for  the  higher-up 
jobs  and  higher  pay.  Don't  delay.  Mail  the 
coupon  today  in  an  envelope  or  use  penny 
postcard. 


MAIL  COUPON  NOW 


n 


Chicago   Technical   Collesre 

A-122   Tech   Bldg.,  2000   So.  Michigan   Ave. 

Chicago   16,   III. 

Mail  me  Free  Blue  Print  Plans  and  Booklet : 
"How  to  Read  Blue  Prints"  with  information 
about   how   I   can   train   at  home. 

Name Age .... 


Address 


I      Occupation    

City Zone. 


State 


CHICAGO    TECHNICAL    COLLEGE 

TECH  BLDG.,  2000  SOUTH  MICHIGAN  AVE.,  CHICAGO  16,  ILL. 


Carpenters— Here  are  low-cost 
ALL-METAL  fronts  for  wood  cabinets 


/. 


Olympia  Fronteer  Cabinet  Fronts  are  factory-made, 
heavy  gauge  metal  frames,  doors  and  drawers  fully 
assembled  and  finished  in  gleaming  white  baked 
enamel.  With  them  any  carpenter  can  build  cabinets 
that  combine  the  luxury  and  strength  of  metal  -with 
the  flexibihty  of  wood.  All  he  need  do  is  erect  a  set  of 
shelves  and  attach  the  fronts  \'.'ith  wood  screws.  Shelves 
can  be  any  dspth  from  narrow  strips  between  studding 
to  deep  storage  shelves  under  attic  eaves.  The  base 
cabinet  fronts  have  metal  drawers  with  ball-bearing 
rollers  running  on  steel  roller  tracks  for  easy  operation 
and  long  wear.  Equipped  with  semi-concealed  chrom- 
ium hinges.  Wonderful  for  inside  v,-inter  jobs. 

THEY  FIT 
ANYWHERE! 
k 


SEND 
FOR  OUR 
CATALOG 


FINEST   QUALITY...  UNION   MADE 


fronteer  cabinet  fronts 


WESTERN   METALCRAFT,  INC. 

OLYMPIA,  WASH. 

Please  send  descriptive  Uterature  giving  sizes,  styles  and  prices 
of  Olympia  Cabinet  Fronts — no  obligation. 

2same 


Address . 
Cit\ 


,  State . 


$T£AdyyEAR  'ROUNP  WORK- 
SANP  NEW  AND  OtP  FLOORS 

Look  into  the  money-making  possibilities  of  start- 
ing a  floor  sanding  business — if  you  want  steady 
and  pleasant  indoor  work — a  good  substantial  in- 
come with  earnings  of  $25  and  more  a  day — an 
opportunity  to  operate  as  a  sub-contractor  in  new 
construction  and  as  a  separate  business  man  when 
you  sand  older  homes. 

No  experience  or  special  schooling  needed — 
Sanders  are  easy  to  operate — you  can  start  sanding 
floors  and  make  money  the  first  day  your  machines 
arrive.  Prospects  everywhere — new  and  old  homes. 
No  large  investment — the  overhead  is  low  and  you 
need  no  elaborate  oflices,  workshop,  storeroom  or 
trucking  equipment.  Many  men  operate  from  their 
own  home  and  use  a  regular  passenger  car  to 
transport  their  equipment  from  job  to  job. 

Thousands  of  men  have  been  successful  in  the 
floor  surfacing  business.  You  let  the  machine  do 
the  work.  It's  pleasant  inside  work  and  usually  the 
buildings  have  some  heat.  No  ladders  or  scaffolding 
to  climb.  A  business  that  can  bring  you  a  lot  of 
satisfaction  and  steady  money!  Send  today  for 
"money-making"  booklet  entitled  "Opportunities 
in  Floor  Surfacing" — use  coupon  and  enclose  2  5c 
in  coin  or  stamps  to  cover  handling.  The  American 
Floor  Surfacing  Machine  Co.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 


A  Big  Operator 

Ben  W.  Kenaey, 
veteran  floorman 
of  Kansas  City, 
Mo,,  started  years 
ago  in  floor  sand- 
ing and  has  stead- 
ily expanded  this 
■-■  business.  Today, 
Ben  and  Forest  C.  Kenney  op- 
erate the  Acme  Floor  Co.  with 
a  total  of  19  American  Floor 
Sanders,  Spinner  Edgers,  and 
Polishers. 

A  One-Man  Business 

£d  Clanin  lives  in  a 
Michigan  city  of 
20,000.  He  has  an 
American  Floor 
Sander  and  an 
American  Spinner 
for  the  edges,  dos-  ^ 
ets  and  stairs  and 
also  an  American  Maintenance 
Machine  for  disc  sanding,  steel 
wooling  and  polishing.  He  av- 
erages 75  to  100  floor  jobs  per 
year. 


MERICAN 

L  FLOOR  MACHINES 

Stnd   Coupon   Today! 


The  American  Floor  Surfacing 

Machine  Co., 
520  So.  St.  Clair  St.,  Toledo,  Ohio 

•  Enclosed  find  25c  in  stamps  or 
coin  for  booklet  "Opportunities  in 
Floor  Surfacing",  telling  me  how  I 
can  start  my  own  floor  sanding  bus- 
iness. 


Name. 
I   Street. 


City, 


.State, 


Looking  straight  down  on  the  back  edge 
you  see  the  perfect  taper  grind  of 
every  Disston  Hand  Saw.  Blade 
thicker  at  butt. 


Looking  straight 
back  at  the  point 
edge  you  see 
the  perfect  up- 
ward taper 
grind  of  every 
Disston  Hand 
Saw.  Thicker  at 
the  tooth  edge. 


Looking  straight  down  on  the  tooth  edge  you  see  the  gauge  of  the  steel 
from  the  butt  to  the  point.  All  the  way,  the  tooth  edge  is  SAME  WIDTH. 


.SiD%?l^  TRUE  TAPER  GRIND 

adds  speedy  ease^^  accu racy 


DfSSrON..  .The  Saw  Most  Carpenters  Use 

is  perfectly  taper  ground,  as  explained 
above,  to  help  you  do  your  smoothest, 
fastest,  truest  sawing — to  help  you  save 
time  and  material.  Furthermore,  this  is 
the  saw  made  of  Disston  Steel — Disston- 


controlled   to   give   you   the   flex   and 
balance    you    want  .  .  .  hardened    and 
tempered  to  make  the  edge  last  longer. 
There    are    Disston    types    and 
sizes  for  all  your  work.  See  Your 
Hardware  Retailer. 


HENRY  DISSTON  &  SONS,  INC.,  104  lacony,  Philadelphia  35,  Pa..  U.S.A. 

/n  Canada,  wrife:  2-20   Fraser  Ave.,  Toronto  3,   Ont. 


In  spare  time 

with   the 

FOLEY  LAWN  MOWER  SHARPENER 

"I  have  sharpened  over  10.000  mowers  in  my  Foley  Lawn 
Mower  Sharpener  in  the  last  10  years — only  repairs  needed 
were  new  belts"— Charles  H.  Smith.  From  Ralph  Band— 
"The  first  month's  business  paid  for  my  machine."  The  Foley 
Bharpens  all  sizes  and  types  of  mowers  in  15  or  20  minutes 
(with  handles  on).  Prices  run  from  $1.50  to 
,  $2.00  for  hand  mowers,  and  $5.00  to  $3.00 
for  power  mowers.  This  is  the  way  to  make 
money  1 

Prices  $98.50  to  $139.50 

EASY  PAYMENTS — Put  a  new  1930  mod- 
el Foley  Lawn  Mower   Sharpener  In  your  shop 

that   will   handle   all   hand   and   power   mowers. 

99c  out  of   each   dollar  you   take   in   is   profit. 

FREE  PLAN  shows  how  to  start — mail  cou- 
pon  today! 


Send  for  FREE  PLAN 


FOLEY  MFG.  CO.,  101-0  Foley  BIdg.,  Minneapolis  18,  Minn. 

Send  FREE   PLAN  on  the  Foley  Lawn  Mower  Sharp- 
ening  business. 

Name    

Address 


HANDIEST  CARPENTER  RULE  MADE... 
LUFKIN  TWO  WAY-RED  END  No.  966 

*  Measures  Left  to  Right— Right  to  Left 

*  Patented  solid  brass  lock  joints 

*  Solid  brass  mountings,  strike  plates 

*  Enameled  snow  white,  gloss  red  ends 

*  Folding  end  hook  is  optional 

Write  Dept.  C  for  fascinating  booklet,  "The  Amaz» 
ing  Story  of  Measurement".  Enclose  10c  (no  stamps) 
for  handling  and  mailing. 


^UFKIN 


THE  LUFKIN  RULE  CO.  •  TAPES  •  RULES  •  PRECISION  TOOLS 
SAGINAW,  MICHIGAN  •  NEW  YORK  CITY  •  BARRIE,  ONT. 


We  Are  Growing  Stronger 

• 

ONE  OF  THE  great  elements  of  underlying  strength  in  the  American 
economy  has  been  the  fact  that  over  the  years  the  labor  force  has 
grown  faster  than  has  the  population  as  a  whole,  according  to  an 
analysis  of  oflBcial  Government  data. 

It  is  this  expansion  in  the  labor  force  combined  with  its  increased  pro- 
ductivity that  have  been  basic  factors  in  the  nation's  remarkable  progress  and 
in  tlie  steady  rise  in  American  living  standards.  Output  per  man  hour  has  been 
increasing  at  an  average  rate  of  about  2  per  cent  a  year  for  several  generations. 

While  the  labor  force  will  continue 


to  grow,  its  size  has  apparently  stab- 
ilized in  relation  to  the  population  as 
a  whole.  This  introduces  a  new  ele- 
ment in  American  life  of  significant 
economic  implications. 

The  labor  force  includes  all  those 
gainfully  employed,  whether  for  them- 
selves or  working  for  others.  It  is 
therefore  the  productive  part  of  our 
society,  and  the  source  of  the  where- 
withal to  meet  e\'eryday  living  needs 
and  all  the  other  charges  placed  on 
the  economy.  These  charges  have 
been  rising  rapidly.  They  already 
represent  a  heavy  burden  now,  and 
their  cost  will  increase  greatly  in  the 
years  to  come  without  a  single  new 
addition. 

With  a  stabilized  labor  force,  the 
full  responsibility  of  meeting  our 
expanding  obligations  is  automatical- 
ly thrown  upon  increased  productiv- 
ity. People  will  have  to  work  harder 
and  more  efiiciently.  For  unless  pro- 
ductivity continues  to  grow  at  least  as 
much  as  it  has  in  the  past,  the  na- 
tion's future  commitments  will  have 
to  be  met  at  the  expense  of  curtailed 
individual  consumption,  which  means 
reduced  living  standards. 


On  an  overall  basis,  the  labor  force 
rose  from  a  total  of  22.2  millions  in 
1890  to  an  estimated  62.3  millions 
this  year,  a  rise  of  181  per  cent.  In 
this  period  the  total  population  in- 
creased from  62.9  millions  to  149.2 
millions  as  of  July  last  year,  a  rise 
of  137  per  cent.  Thus  the  figures 
show  that  the  labor  force  increased 
nearly  a  third  more  than  did  the 
whole  population  in  the  last  60 
years. 


60    Years 

of    Growth 

The  following 

table   compares   the 

trends    of  the    pc 

pulation    and    labor 

forces  growtli  (in 

milhons)  and  their 

relationships  from 

1890  to  the  pres- 

ent: 

Ratio,    Labor 

Labor          Force  to 

Year                Population 

Force         Population 

1890                    62.9 

22.2              35.3% 

1900                    76.0 

28.4             37.4 

1920                  105.7 

40.7             38.5 

1930                  122.8 

47.6             38.8 

1940                  131.7 

55.1              41.9 

1949                  149.2 

62.3             41.8 

Source:    Bureau   of 

Labor   Statistics;    Bu- 

reau    of    the    Census. 

However,  if  the  figures  are  taken 
decade  by  decade  since  1890,  it  is 
found  that  the  labor  force  this  year 
showed  only  the  same  percentage 
increase  over  the  1940  figure  as  did 


THE    CARPENTER 


the  population  as  a  whole.  Each 
showed  a  rise  of  13  per  cent,  the 
first  time  in  the  last  60  years  that 
the  population  has  matched  the  la- 
bor force   growth  in  any  decade. 

It  is  true  that  the  recent  war  did 
bring  an  exception,  as  it  brought  so 
many  other  distortions  to  the  econ- 
omy in  general.  Reflecting  the  na- 
tion's enormous  manpower  needs,  the 
labor  force  broke  away  from  the  nor- 
mal trend  and  reached  a  record  high 
above  66  million  in  1945.  However, 
much  of  this  reflected  the  huge  size 
of  the  armed  forces,  and  most  of  the 
rest  an  abnormally  large  number  of 
teen  agers  and  elderly  men  and  wo- 
men over  65  who  entered  the  labor 
force.  In  the  last  four  years,  though, 
the  size  of  the  labor  force  has  shrunk 
about  4  million  to  a  level  somewhat 
above  62  million,  or  more  in  line  with 
normal  trends. 

Over  the  long  term,  there  has  been 
a  definite  downtrend  in  the  propor- 
tion of  youngsters  of  school  age  and 
persons  of  65  and  over  in  the  labor 
force.  Barring  unforeseen  contingen- 
cies, authorities  expect  these  trends 
to  prevail  in  the  future.  With  respect 
to  "oldsters"  of  retirement  age,  their 
withdrawal  from  the  labor  force  will 
undoubtedly  be  accelerated  by  plans 
to  expand  Social  Security  benefits  and 


the  growth  of  the  pension  movement 
in  private  industry. 

As  to  the  future  size  and  rate  of 
growth  of  the  labor  force,  the  Bu- 
reau of  Labor  Statistics  recently  made 
this  forecast: 

"In  the  first  half  of  the  1950's,  when 
the  small  generation  born  during  the 
mid-1930's  will  be  entering  working 
age,  there  will  be  a  sharp  slump  in 
labor  force  growth.  The  average  an- 
nual increase  of  about  400,000  (with- 
out immigration)  will  be  lower,  ab- 
solutely and  percentagewise,  than 
in  any  comparable  preiod  in  recent 
years. 

"In  the  late  1950's  the  bumper  crop 
of  babies  born  during  and  immediate- 
ly after  World  War  II  will  begin  to 
move  into  the  labor  force.  Labor- 
force  entries  will  therefore  rise,  prob- 
ably reaching  their  peak  in  the  early 
1960's,  when  an  average  annual  in- 
crease of  about  800,000  workers  is 
expected.  Even  at  this  level,  how- 
ever, the  increments  to  the  labor 
force  will  be  smaller  on  a  percent- 
age basis  than  during  the  depression 
decade  of  the  1930's. 

"After  1965  the  rate  of  labor-force 
growth  is  expected  to  turn  down- 
ward again,  on  the  assumption  of  a 
decline  birth  rate  in  the  years  im- 
mediately ahead." 


SANTA  ANA  LOCAL  FURNISHES  LABOR  LIBRARY 

A  reference  library  of  books  on  labor  unions,  labor  relations  and  tlie  history  of  the  labor 
movement  in  tlie  United  States  has  been  presented  to  Orange  Coast  College  by  Local  1815 
of  the  Carpenters  Union,  located  in  Santa  Ana,  Cal. 

The  collection,  including  many  books  which  are  now  out  of  print,  has  been  assembled 
by  tlie  Orange  county  institution's  library  staff  and  purchased  by  the  union.  Selection  and 
purchase  of  the  books  has  taken  since  last  spring. 

The  union's  offer  was  made  when  tlie  college  library  staff  asked  for  assistance  in  obtain- 
ing information  about  labor  unions  for  a  course  in  industrial  organization  and  labor  rela- 
tions being  taught  by  R.  D.  Boyce. 

The  Santa  Ana  local  provided  a  list  of  reference  books  on  tlie  subject.  An  expanded 
offer  was  later  made  when  the  union  determined  to  offer  a  series  of  scholarships  to  high 
school  students  on  the  basis  of  an  examination  on  labor  relations. 

The  library  at  Orange  Coast  college  is  to  be  available  to  high  school  students  compet- 
ing for  tlie  scholarships.  Selection  of  tlie  books  was  made  by  members  of  the  college  social 
science  department,  including  Boyce,  Dr.  Giles  T.  Brown,  chairman  of  the  department  and 
Miles  W.  Eaton. 


The  Problem  of  Old-Age  Security 

An  analysis  of  four  present  approaches 
to  a  solution  that  so  far  has  evaded  us. 

By  SUMNER  H.  SLIGHTER,  Harvard  Economist 
*        * 

LESS  THAN  half  of  the  men  and  less  than  one  out  of  ten  of  the  women 
of  sixty-five  years  of  age  or  over  in  the  United  States  are  at  work.  A 
man  of  sixty-five  years  of  age  may  expect  to  live  on  the  average  about 
twelve  years  longer;  a  women  nearly  fourteen  years.  How  are  people  going 
to  support  themselves  for  twelve  or  fourteen  years  without  working?  An  an- 
nuity paying  $100  a  month  for  life,  if  purchased  at  the  age  of  65,  would  cost 
more  than  $15,000.  If  it  also  provided  a  payment  of  $75  a  month  to  a  wife 
who  survived  her  husband  and  who  was  about  the  same  age  as  the  husband, 
it  would  cost  several  thousand  dollars  more.  Few  persons  who  reach  the  age 
of  65  have  savings  of  $15,  000  or  more.  Consequently,  the  voluntary  savings 
of  individuals  can  meet  only  a  small  part  of  the  need.  How  retired  workers 
shall  be  supported  is  plainly  one  of  the  biggest  economic  problems  in  the 
United  States.  


What  should  be  done  about  the 
problem  of  security  in  old  age?  Is 
the  problem  being  made  unneces- 
sarily large  and  diSicult  by  unwise 
retirement  policies  on  the  part  of 
business?  How  good  are  the  four 
principal  ways  through  which  the 
country  is  now  attempting  to  meet 
the  problem— employer-initiated  pen- 
sion plans,  union-negotiated  plans, 
the  Federal  old-age  assistance  plan, 
and  the  Federal  old-age  pension 
plan?  Do  these  plans  need  to  be 
supplemented  or  superseded  by  new 
arrangements?  In  particular,  how 
good  are  the  pension  plans  that  have 
been  negotiated  by  trade  unions? 
The  fact-finding  board  in  the  steel 
case  said  that  so  long  as  the  gov- 
ernment fails  to  provide  security 
in  "an  adequate  amount,  industry 
should  take  up  the  slack."  Is  this 
reasonable?  Are  union-negotiated 
plans  a  good  way  of  meeting  the 
problem   of  old-age   security? 

The  house  of  Representatives  has 
passed  a  bill  extending  the  Federal 
old-age  pension   plan  to    at    least   6 


million  more  persons  and  raising  the 
monthly  benefits  by  roughly  70  per 
cent.  How  far  would  these  changes 
go  in  meeting  the  problem  of  old- 
age  security? 

The  seriousness  of  the  problem 
of  old-age  security  is  greatly  ag- 
gravated by  the  unwise  retirement 
policies  of  business.  Few  people 
retire  voluntarily— most  retirements 
occur  against  the  will  of  the  work- 
er at  the  decision  of  the  employer. 
The  community  obviously  would  be 
better  off  if  the  older  persons  who 
were  willing  to  work  had  jobs  and 
were  producing  goods.  Furthermore, 
most  persons  would  be  happier  at 
work  than  they  are  in  retirement. 
Special  reasons  for  early  retirement 
exist,  it  is  true,  in  the  case  of  exec- 
utives, technicians  and  professional 
people,  who  hold  jobs  that  require 
imagination,  originality  and  resource- 
fulness. These  jobs  are  best  held  by 
relatively  young  men. 

For  the  great  majority  of  jobs,  how- 
ever, the  age  of  65  is  too  early  for 
retirement.   Hence,  the  growing  prac- 


10 


THE    CARPENTER 


tice  of  retiring  all  persons  at  the  age 
of  65  should  be  decisively  halted. 
Had  the  rule  of  retirement  at  65  been 
generally  in  effect  in  August,  1949,  3 
million  fewer  people  would  have  been 
at  work  in  the  United  States,  and  the 
annual  output  of  the  economy  would 
have  been  nearly  $11  billion  less— 
except  to  the  extent  that  the  drop- 
ping of  older  workers  might  have 
raised  the  efficiency  of  younger  work- 
ers. 

Although  a  higher  retirement  age 
would  cut  down  the  problem  of  old- 
age  security  it  would  not  eliminate 
the  problem.  Even  at  the  age  of  70 
the  average  male  may  expect  to  live 
nine  years  longer.  An  annuity  of  $100 
a  month  for  life  at  the  age  of  70 
would  cost  him  in  excess  of  $13,000— 
certainly  more  than  the  average 
worker  of  70  would  have.  Let  us  look, 
therefore,  at  the  four  principal  ways 
which  are  now  used  to  provide  retired 
workers  with  incomes  and  let  us  see 
whether  any  of  them  offers  a  solution 
for  the  problem. 

1.  Employer-Initiated  Plans 

These  plans  have  been  growing  by 
leaps  aijd  bounds— from  fewer  than 
200  in  1915  to  more  than  400  in  1929 
and  more  than  9,000  today.  In  the 
last  ten  years  their  growth  has  been 
greatly  stimulated  by  the  tax  laws. 
More  than  three-fifths  of  the  employ- 
er-initiated plans  are  non-contribu- 
tory. Most  of  the  plans  were  started  in 
order  to  permit  firms  to  make  some 
overdue  retirements.  Under  the  cir- 
cumstances, managements  were  hard- 
ly able  to  ask  employes  to  contribute. 

Pension  plans  initiated  by  private 
employers  have  four  major  deficien- 
cies, and  they  are  clearly  not  the  an- 
swer to  the  problem  of  old-age  securi- 
ty—though they  may  do  much  good 
in  the  plants  where  they  operate. 
A  primary  major  deficiency  for  em- 
ployer-initiated pension  plans  is  that 


they  will  never  give  adequate  cover- 
age. One  reason  for  this  is  that  they 
do  not  apply  to  self-employed  per- 
sons, of  whom  there  are  about  11  mil- 
lion in  the  United  States.  They  need 
a  source  of  income  after  retirement 
no  less  than  do  employes. 

Employer-initiated  pension  plans  al- 
so fail  to  give  adequate  coverage  be- 
cause they  are  expensive.  Hence,  only 
the  more  prosperous  companies  will 
adopt  them.  Even  in  the  highly  pros- 
perous year  of  1945  more  than  one- 
fourth  of  all  corporations  were  "in 
the  red."  Pensions,  depending  upon 
their  size,  are  likely  to  cost  at  least 
6  to  8  per  cent  of  payrolls.  This  does 
not  include  the  special  cost  of  meet- 
ing the  large  accrued  liability  with 
which  most  pension  plans  start.  This 
special  cost  is  a  result  of  the  fact  that 
the  plans  apply  to  employes  who 
have  worked  for  the  employer  for 
many  years  and  who  will  soon  have 
reached  the  age  of  retirement.  No 
payments  have  been  made  before  the 
initiation  of  the  scheme  to  buy  pen- 
sions for  these  employes. 

F  i  n  a  1  ly ,  the  employer-initiated 
plans  will  not  give  adequate  cover- 
age because  they  are  limited  to  cer- 
tain types  of  employes— usually  long- 
service  employes.  The  present  9,000 
employer-initiated  plans  cover  a  little 
more  than  one-third  of  the  employes 
of  the  firms  which  have  the  plans. 

A  second  major  shortcoming  of  em- 
ployer-initiated pension  schemes  is 
that  they  may  be  abandoned  at  the 
will  of  the  employer,  leaving  the 
employe  without  protection.  Of  418 
plans  in  existence  in  1929,  forty-five 
had  been  abandoned  by  1932. 

A  third  major  defect  of  most  em- 
ployer-initiated pension  schemes  is 
that  they  restrict  the  movement  of 
workers— a  man  who  leaves  one  em- 
ployer to  work  for  another  does  not 
ordinarily  carry  his  pension  rights 
with  him. 


THE    CARPENTER 


11 


A  fourth  major  defect  is  the  handi- 
cap they  put  on  older  workers  in  find- 
ing employment.  This  deficiency  is  a 
result  of  the  third  one;  namely,  that 
employes  do  not  carry  their  pension 
rights  from  one  employer  to  another. 
Even  twenty  years'  contributions  on 
behalf  of  a  worker  will  not  buy  him 
a  very  adequate  pension  unless  these 
contributions  are  at  a  high  rate.  Con- 
sequently, a  man  who  is  hired  at  the 
age  of  55  and  retired  at  the  age  of  65 
or  68  would  receive  a  very  small  pen- 
sion. 

Managements  do  not  care  to  under- 
mine the  morale  of  their  workers  by 
giving  substandard  pensions  to  em- 
ployes who  are  retired,  and  they  avoid 
this  difficulty  simply  by  not  taking 
workers  of  more  than  about  45  years 
of  age  except  for  temporary  jobs. 

2.  Union-Negotiated  Plans 

Pension  plans  negotiated  by  unions 
with  employers  may  be  less  easily 
abandoned  than  an  employer-initiated 
plan  and  they  may  cover  a  larger  pro- 
portion of  the  employes,  but  they  suf- 
fer from  the  same  four  major  defects 
as  do  employer-initiated  plans.  Con- 
sequently, it  was  a  blunder  for  the 
fact-finding  board  in  the  steel  dispute 
to  recommend  union-negotiated  plans 
for  the  various  steel  companies. 

Union-negotiated  plans  will  never 
give  adequate  coverage,  partly  be- 
cause they  do  not  apply  to  the  self- 
employed  and  partly  because  they 
can  be  instituted  only  in  those  plants 
where  the  employer  is  making  enough 
money  so  that  he  can  grant  the  union 
demand  for  pensions,  meet  the  large 
accrued  liability,  and  hold  his  own 
in  competition.  No  matter  how  strong 
the  union,  it  cannot  impose  an  ade- 
quate pension  plan  on  those  employ- 
ers who  are  financially  weak.  The 
limitation  of  coverage  is  especially 
great  when  the  cost  of  pensions  falls 
entirely    on   the    employer.     Conse- 


quently, if  union-negotiated  plans  are 
established,  the  workers  should  con- 
tribute part  of  the  cost. 

The  union-negotiated  pension  plans 
which  have  been  established  thus  far 
do  not,  as  a  rule,  permit  an  employe 
who  leaves  an  enterprise  to  carry  his 
pension  rights  with  him  to  his  next 
job— though  some  of  the  stronger  un- 
ions may  be  able  to  correct  this  defect 
by  negotiating  changes  in  the  plans. 
Union-negotiated  pension  plans,  like 
employer-initiated  plans,  discourage 
employers  from  hiring  older  workers 
and  thus  handicap  older  workers  in 
finding  jobs. 

A  special  drawback  of  many  union- 
negotiated  pension  plans  is  their  fi- 
nancial unsoundness.  Many  of  these 
plans  make  no  provision  for  meeting 
the  huge  accrued  liability  with  which 
the  plans  start.  In  many  cases  the 
cost  of  the  pensions  in  a  decade  or  so 
will  be  so  large  that  the  unions  will 
have  to  consent  to  a  reduction  in  the 
pensions  in  order  to  gain  wage  in- 
creases. Consequently,  the  so-called 
"security"  oflFered  by  many  union- 
negotiated  pension  plans  is  illusory. 

The  pension  fund  in  the  coal  in- 
dustry is  a  glaring  example  of  an  ar- 
rangement which  provides  illusory 
security  because  it  is  financially  un- 
sound. No  adequate  provision  has 
been  made  to  finance  the  enormous 
accrued  liability  with  which  the 
scheme  started.  Nor  has  the  under- 
writing of  the  risks  been  arranged  to 
assure  that  any  part  of  the  payments 
now  being  made  into  the  fund  will  be 
available  to  provide  pensions  ten  or 
twenty  years  hence  for  the  men  who 
are  today  counting  on  getting  pensions 
when  they  retire.  An  insurance 
company  which  attempted  to  operate 
as  the  miners'  welfare  fund  is  being 
operated  would  quickly  be  in  trouble 
with  the  law. 


12 


THE    CARPENTER 


3.  Old-Age  Assistance 

The  old-age  assistance  program  of 
the  Federal  Government  is  the  largest 
single  source  of  income  to  retired 
persons.  About  2.6  million  are  draw- 
ing old-age  assistance  payments  and 
this  is  roughly  twice  as  large  a.s  all  of 
the  pension  payments  made  under  the 
Federal  old-age  pension  scheme.  More 
than  half  the  money  now  disbursed 
for  old-age  assistance  comes  from  the 
Federal  Government,  but  administra- 
tion is  in  the  hands  of  the  states. 

The  old-age  assistance  program  is 
open  to  two  major  objections.  One  is 
that  it  is  demoralizing  and  the  other 
is  that  it  opens  the  door  to  grave  pol- 
itical abuses.  It  is  demoralizing  for 
people  to  have  to  accept  charity  after 
a  lifetime  of  work.  And  since  the 
money  comes  from  general  revenues, 
recipients  of  aid  do  not  have  the  sat- 
isfaction of  knowing  that  they  have 
made  a  specific  contribution  to  help 
finance  the  payments  which  they  re- 
ceive. 

The  fact  that  payments  are  based 
upon  a  means  test  makes  the  plan 
difficult  to  administer.  Need  is  difficult 
to  defii:ve,  and  this  creates  the  danger 
of  political  favoritism.  The  danger  is 
aggravated  by  the  fact  that  payments 
are  made  out  of  general  revenue  and 
that  most  of  the  states,  which  admin- 
ister the  scheme,  are  paying  out  more 
Federal  money  than  state  money. 

During  the  last  ten  years  the  record 
of  old-age  assistance  strongly  suggests 
that  such  a  scheme  cannot  be  satis- 
factorily administered.  Although  un- 
employment (which  tends  to  be  es- 
pecially high  among  older  persons) 
dropped  from  9.5  million  in  1939  to 
2.1  million  in  1948,  payments  for  old- 
age  assistance  increased  2.7  times. 
There  are  wide  differences  between 
states  in  the  proportion  of  persons  re- 
ceiving aid,  and  there  are  wide  varia- 
tions  in   average  monthly  payments 


even  between  adjoining  states.  In 
Louisiana  no  less  than  four  out  of  five 
persons  of  65  years  of  age  or  more  are 
receiving  old-age  assistance— a  sudden 
doubling  of  the  number  since  June, 
1948. 

In  Oklahoma  and  Georgia  more 
than  half,  and  in  Texas,  Colorado, 
Alabama  and  Mississippi  nearly  half 
of  all  persons  65  years  of  age  or  over 
are  drawing  old-age  assistance,  but 
in  New  York  and  New  Jersey  the  pro- 
portion is  only  one  out  or  ten. 

Wide  variation  also  occurs  in  the 
size  of  payments.  In  Louisiana  the 
average  monthly  payment  has  more 
than  doubled  between  June,  1948, 
and  June,  1949,  rising  from  $22.87  to 
$47.05.  In  the  two  adjoining  states  of 
Arkansas  and  Mississippi  the  average 
monthly  payment  in  June,  1949,  was 
$20.95  and  $18.80,  respectively. 
Monthly  payments  in  Massachusetts 
were  nearly  twice  as  large  as  in  Ver- 
mont and  one-third  again  as  large  as 
in  Rhode  Island. 

4.  Old-Age  Insurance 

The  most  satisfactory  arrangement 
for  providing  income  for  retired  per- 
sons is  the  Federal  old-age  insurance 
plan.  It  avoids  the  principal  weak- 
nesses of  the  other  three  schemes.  In 
the  first  place,  it  is  comprehensive,  for 
it  covers  all  jobs  in  all  plants  within 
the  covered  industries.  It  is  not  limit- 
ed to  the  generous  and  prosperous 
employers  or  to  the  plants  where  un- 
ions are  strong.  In  the  second  place, 
it  gives  enduring  protection  because 
it  cannot  be  abrogated  at  the  will  of 
an  employer,  and  employes  do  not 
lose  their  pension  rights  if  their  em- 
ployer goes  out  of  business.  In  the 
third  place,  since  employes  carry  their 
pension  rights  with  them,  the  plan 
does  not  deter  employers  from  hiring 
older  workers. 

In  the  fourth  place,  the  burden  on 
financially  weak  employers  is  limited 


THE    CARPENTER 


13 


by  the  fast  that  the  plan  appHes  aUke 
to  all  competitors  m  an  industry,  by 
the  fact  that  the  accrued  liability  is 
met  very  gradually  (as  is  possible  only 
under  a  compulsory  system),  and  by 
the  fact  that  half  of  the  cost  falls  on 
employes.  In  the  fifth  place,  the  self- 
respect  of  the  workers  is  protected 
because  pensions  are  given  as  a  matter 
of  right  without  a  means  test  and  are 
financed,  not  from  general  revenues, 
but  from  a  payroll  tax  to  which  both 
employes  and  employers  contribute 
equally.  Finally,  the  fact  that  pensions 
are  paid  as  a  matter  of  right  elimi- 
nates the  chance  for  political  favor- 
itism. 

Although  the  Federal  old-age  in- 
surance scheme  is  basically  sound,  it 
has  three  serious  defects— its  coverage 
is  inadequte,  its  eligibility  require- 
ments are  too  strict,  and  the  benefit 
payments  are  too  low.  The  coverage 
is  inadequate  because  the  plan  does 
not  cover  certain  important  types  of 
domestic  servants,  employes  of  non- 
profit institutions,  farm  employes  and 
the  self-employed.  All  in  all,  it  covers 
about  three  out  of  five  jobs.  The  eli- 
gibility requirements  are  too  strict- 
it  takes  too  long  for  workers  to  ac- 
quire insured  status.  As  a  result,  only 
about  one  out  of  five  persons  of  65 
years  of  age  or  more  is  drawing  pen- 
sion benefits  or  has  insured  status 
under  the  plan.  The  low  benefit  pay- 
ments are  indicated  by  the  fact  that 
the  average  payment  for  single  work- 
ers is  about  $26  a  month  and  for  a 
worker  with  one  dependent,  about 
$40  a  month. 

A  comprehensive  and  adequate  old- 
age  insurance  plan  is  the  only  way  of 
checking  the  rapidly  snowballing  old- 
age  assistance  payments.  The  useful- 
ness of  the  Federal  old-age  pension 
plan  in  relieving  the  community  of 
dependence  on  unsound  alternative 
arrangements  will  depend  upon  ade- 
quacy of  benefit  payments.  Surely  it 


is  not  unreasonable  that  the  pension 
of  a  man  with  a  wife  to  support  should 
be  at  least  half  of  his  earnings  before 
retirement.  In  case  of  a  man  who  has 
been  earning  $300  a  month  through- 
out his  working  life,  the  recommenda- 
tions of  the  Advisory  Council  would 
result  in  a  monthly  pension  of  $106.87 
—a  little  more  than  one-third  of  his 
monthly  earnings. 

Although  the  Federal  old-age  pen- 
sion plan  can  be  easily  developed  to 
provide  adequate  protection  to  retired 
workers,  some  employers  and  some 
unions  may  wish  to  establish  supple- 
mentary plans.  The  Federal  Govern- 
ment, however,  has  an  obligation  to 
see  that  supplementary  plans  really 
provide  the  security  which  they  prom- 
ise, that  they  do  not  tie  a  worker  to  a 
given  employer,  and  that  they  do  not 
encourage  employers  to  discriminate 
against  older  workers. 

This  can  be  done  by  requiring  that 
the  plan  meet  certain  standards  in 
order  for  employer  contributions  to 
be  a  deductible  expense  under  the 
corporate  income,  tax  law.  These 
standards  should  require  that  the  plan 
be  properly  underwritten  and  that  the 
employes  who  leave  the  service  of  an 
employer  take  their  pension  rights 
with  them.  In  addition,  in  order  to 
avoid  encouraging  noncontributory 
plans  in  preference  to  contributory, 
the  Federal  Government  should  per- 
mit the  contributions  of  employes  to 
pension  plans  to  be  a  deductible  ex- 
penditure under  the  personal  income 
tax— at  least  if  the  employe's  contri- 
bution is  matched  by  one  from  his 

employer. 

*     >ii     * 

Can  the  Country  afford  an  ade- 
quate scheme  of  security  for  old 
age?  With  stiff  wage  demands  con- 
stantly being  made  on  industry,  with 
large  quantities  of  goods  needed  for 
national  defense  and  to  provide  help 
to   sixteen   countries   in  Europe,   can 


14 


THE    CARPENTER 


industry  produce  enough  to  give  de- 
cent pensions  to  retired  workers?  And 
are  not  all  schemes  by  which  the 
community  undertakes  to  provide  se- 
curity for  retired  workers  wrong  in 
principle?  Are  not  such  schemes 
bound  to  undermine  thrift,  initiative, 
self-reliance,  and  the  spirit  of  inde- 
pendence? 

The  cost  of  an  old-age  pension  plan 
paying  benefits  moderately  more  lib- 
eral than  those  included  in  the  bill 
recently  passed  by  the  House  or  re- 
commended by  the  Advisory  Coun- 
cil on  Social  Security  may  be  put 
roughly  at  8  per  cent  of  payrolls.  In 
the  past,  output  per  man-hour  in  the 
United  States  has  increased  about  2 
per  cent  a  year.  If  it  continues  to  grow 
at  the  rate  of  2  per  cent  a  year,  it  will 
increase  by  over  80  per  cent  in  the 
next  thirty  years. 

Hence,  the  total  cost  of  a  fairly  ade- 
quate old-age  security  program  would 
be  about  one-tenth  the  increase  in 
production  during  the  next  genera- 
tion—assuming that  output  per  man- 
hour  grows  no  faster  than  in  the  past. 
The  one  thing  that  must  be  avoided, 
in  order  to  keep  the  cost  of  old-age 
security  within  moderate  limits,  is  a 
further  drop  in  the  usual  age  of  re- 
tirement. Universal  retirement  at  65, 
depriving  the  community  of  nearly 
$11  billion  of  products  a  year,  would 
be  ten  times  as  costly  as  the  present 
old-age  pension  program  is  today. 

The  danger  that  a  system  of  old- 
age  security  will  undermine  thrift  is 
remote.  The  usual  method  by  which 
men  have  provided  for  their  old  age 
has  never  been  thrift— it  has  been  by 
having  plenty  of  children  and  expect- 
ing the  children  to  help  the  parents. 
Certainly  pensions  which  pay  50  per 
cent  more  or  less  than  average  earn- 
ings leave  much  room  for  thrift.  Fur- 
thermore, no  one  need  fear  that  the 
incentives  to  practice  thrift  are  about 
to   disappear— there   are   many   good 


things  which  the  ordinary  person  can 
acquire  only  by  practicing  thrift  quite 
rigorously.  Any  wage-earner  who 
buys  a  house  at  present  prices  will 
have  a  good  opportunity  to  be  thrifty 
for  years  to  come. 

Nor  is  old-age  security  likely  to 
undermine  initiative,  self-reliance  and 
independence— it  is  likely  to  strength- 
en these  qualities.  The  reason  is  ob- 
vious. The  worker,  small-business 
man  or  high  executive  who  has  a 
minimum  of  protection  for  his  old 
age  is  likely  to  be  willing  to  take 
some  economic  chances  which  he 
would  not  otherwise  dare  take.  The 
extension  of  old-age  security  to  small- 
business  men  may  be  particularly  use- 
ful in  making  them  feel  better  able 
to  take  risks.  Certainly  if  the  pros- 
pect of  a  pension  is  likely  to  under- 
mine initiative  or  self-reliance  this 
probability  has  been  overlooked  by 
the  many  corporations  which  have 
provided  generous  noncontributory 
pensions  for  their  executives— the  very 
men  who  most  of  all  need  to  have 
initiative  and  self-reliance. 

One  final  word  of  warning.  The 
greatest  danger  to  an  adequate  old- 
age  security  plan  is  rising  prices.  A 
rise  of  2  per  cent  a  year  in  prices 
would  cut  the  purchasing  power  of 
pensions  about  45  per  cent  in  thirty 
years.  The  greatest  danger  of  rising 
prices  is  from  wages  rising  faster 
than  output  per  man-hour.  If  unions 
put  up  money  wages  5  per  cent  a 
year  and  output  per  man-hour  in- 
creased 3  per  cent  a  year,  prices  will 
have  to  rise  by  the  difference,  or  2 
per  cent  a  year.  Hence,  whether  the 
nation  succeeds  in  providing  ade- 
quate security  for  retired  workers  de- 
pends in  a  large  measure  upon  the 
wage  policies  of  trade  unions.  If 
unions  push  up  wages  faster  than 
output  increases,  they  undermine  the 
security  of  all  retired  workers. 


15 


Gov.  Warren  Frees  Four 

*    * 

GOVERNOR  EARL  WARREN  of  California  on  December  2nd  com- 
muted to  time  served  the  sentences  of  John  H.  Bundte,  WilHam 
Philhps,  Jr.,  George  M.  Sherrard,  and  Robert  E.  Moore,  who  were 
convicted  on  charges  growing  out  of  an  outbreak  of  "violence"  during  the  long 
and  bitter  lumber  strike  in  the  Redwood  territory.  The  four  lumber  workers 
were  convicted  of  rioting  and  given  six  months  in  the  county  jail.  They  were 
also  convicted  of  assault  with  intent  to  do  bodily  harm,  for  which  they  were 
sentenced  to  prison  terms  to  be  served  upon  completion  of  the  county  jail 
terms.  The  county  jail  sentences  expired  December  5th,  so  by  the  Governor's 
action,  the  men  were  given  their  liberty  in  time  to  enjoy  Christmas  with  their 
families. 

In  announcing  the  commutations,  the  Governor  said: 

"These  men  have  all  been  good  citizens  of  their  community  over  a  period 
of  years.  They  are  family  men,  and  with  one  exception,  they  have  never  been 
in  any  serious  dilBculty  with  the  law  in  their  lives.  They  are  working  men 
and  they  have  been  vouched  for  by  their  clergymen,  by  business  men  in  the 
region,  and  by  neighbors  and  fellow  workers.  They  have  been  punished  by 
six  months  in  jail  and  I  do  not  believe  that  they  will  again  be  in  conflict  with 
the  law.  It  would,  therefore,  serve  no  good  purpose  to  break  up  their  homes 
and  further  imprison  them." 

The  conviction  of  the  four  lumber  workers  was  the  outgrowth  of  a  rock- 
throwing  incident  which  occurred  on  the  picket  line  near  Willits,  California. 
As  a  truck  loaded  with  unfair  lumber  approached  the  picket  line  in  February 
1947,  nerves  worn  raw  by  the  bitterness  of  the  strike  snapped.  Rocks  began  to 
fly.  At  least  one  rock  allegedly  hit  the  truck  driver.  The  four  union  members 
were  singled  out  for  arrest  from  among  a  sizeable  group  of  people  present. 
Their  trials  aroused  considerable  interest  not  only  in  the  county  but  through- 
out much  of  the  Pacific  Coast  area  as  well.  Despite  valiant  efforts  by  Union 
attorneys,  the  four  men  received  prison  terms  in  addition  to  county  jail  terms 
—treatment  which  appeared  to  be  unduly  harsh  to  many  people  both  in  and 
out  of  the  labor  movement. 

Nevertheless,  all  union  appeals  clear  up  to  the  Supreme  Court  failed  to 
reverse  the  sentences. 

However,  by  his  charity  and  benevolence.  Governor  Warren  brought  the 
matter  to  a  happy  ending  in  time  for  Christmas.  Through  his  commutation 
order,  the  four  men  were  restored  to  their  families  and  "finis"  was  written  to 
an  unfortunate  incident  that  all  concerned  are  anxious  to  forget. 


SIP 


SOMETHING  BAFFLING 

As  a  result  of  a  recent  study,  a  medical 
journal  announces  that  jealousy  is  the  mo- 
tive behind  a  vast  majority  of  the  mur- 
ders in  which  women  shoot  their  husbands 
greatly    on    the   increase). 

It  sounds  quite  logical;  but  what  is  ex- 
tremely difficult  to  understand  is  a  wife's 
jealousy  when  you  see  the  newspaper  por- 
trait of  her  husband. 

•      *      • 

WHAT  FOR? 

A  financial  magazine  announces  Uncle 
Sam  is  seriously  considering  printing  more 
of  the  higher  denominations   of   currency. 

As  a  working  stiff  who  has  to  fight  to- 
day's high  prices,  our  reaction  can  best  be 
illustrated  by  telling  the  story  of  the  young 
Boston  attorney.  Fresh  out  of  law  school, 
the  attorney  was  spending  most  of  his 
time  trying  to  appear  busy  and  prosper- 
ous. As  he  was  leaving  for  lunch  one  day 
he  attached  to  his  door  a  neatly  marked 
card    announcing: 

"Will  Be  Back  In  An  Hour." 

On  his  return  he  found  that  some  rival 
had   inscribed    underneath:     "What    For?" 


29.    -ggPZB-      ©  1949  (^A.IiL    ^ 


If  it's  pro-labor,  I'll  go!  But  if  it's 
anti-labor — nix!" 


A  NEAT  SYSTEM 

With  practically  all  of  China  now  in  the 
hands  of  the  Reds,  a  great  hue  and  cry 
has  gone  up  as  to  what  our  policy  toward 
that  unhappy  country  should  be.  Many  are 
in  favor  of  recognizing  the  new  regime, 
and  about  as  many  are  violently  opposed 
to  the  idea.  From  where  we  sit  it  looks 
hke  six  of  one  and  half  a  dozen  of  the 
other.  Either  way  we  stand  to  come  out 
on  the  short  end.  To  our  way  of  thinking, 
the  best  \vay  to  deal  vnih  all  communism 
e\'er\^vhere  is  to  keep  our  own  country 
strong  and  prosperous  and  to  heck  with 
what  the  Reds  are  doing  in  China  or  Rou- 
mania  or  Ameroosia.  Sooner  or  later  they 
will  break  their  picks  because  it  is  as  na- 
tural for  a  man  to  want  to  be  free  as  it 
is  for  him  to  breathe. 

AnyM'ay,  for  some  reason  or  other,  we 
keep  tliinking  about  the  old  African  plan- 
tation owner  in  this  connection.  After  spend- 
ing many  years  in  the  jungle,  the  plantation 
owner  finally  received  a  visit  from  a  New 
Yorker.  The  first  evening  there  was  quite 
a  drinking  bout  before  everyone  retired. 
The  New  Yorker  dropped  right  off  to  sleep, 
but  in  a  short  while  was  awakened  by  a 
swarm  of  buzzing  mosquitos.  Unable  to 
endure  their  tortures,  he  arose  and  hunted 
up  the  houseboy. 

"I  want  a  mosquito  net,"  he  said. 

"We  don't  have  any,"  replied  the  ser\'ant. 

"You  don't!"   asked  the  startled  visitor. 
"How  does  your  master  stand  it?" 

"Well,"  replied  the  houseboy,  "the  first 
part  of  the  night  he  is  so  drunk  the  mos- 
quitos don't  bother  him  and  the  rest  of 
the  night  they  are  so  drunk  he  doesn't 
bother  them." 

¥    ^    ■¥■ 

ANOTHER  PAIN  THAT  NEEDS  CURING 

According  to  the  Sole  Leather  Bureau, 
sore  feet  cost  Americans  something  hke 
six  million  dollars  a  year  in  absenteeism 
lowered  efficiency  and  accidents.  Proper 
shoes,  says  the  Bureau,  will  eliminate  most 
foot   pains. 

Maybe  so.  But  only  repeal  will  cure 
the  pain  in  the  neck  passage  of  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Law  gave  all  tliinking  workers  in 
tlie  nation. 


THE    CARPENTER 


17 


PAUP'S  OBSERVATIONS  ON  WOMEN 

Careful  Woman:  One  who  loses  only 
one  glove. 

Woman's  Intuition:  Suspicion  that  clicked. 

Gold  Digger:  A  woman  who  falls  in  love 
at  purse  sight. 

Middle-aged  Lady:  A  build  in  a  girdled 
cage. 

Modem  Girl:  One  who  sticks  by  the  spin- 
ning  wheel— until  her  chips   give  out. 

Nag:    A  woman  who  has  no  horse  sense. 

Ladies'  Sewing  Circle:  A  gathering  in 
which  more  husbands  are  darned  than 
socks. 

Stenographer:  Girl  working  on  her  MRS 
degree. 

Wife:    A  continual  buzzing  in  the  ear. 

Woman  Who  Doesn't  Play  Bridge:  Fu- 
gitive from  the  chin  gang. 

Waitress:  Girl  who  thinks  money  grows 
on  trays. 

*  •     * 

SAD   BUT   TRUE 

There  once  was  a  lad  not  unique, 

Who  imagined  himself  quite  a  shique, 

But  the  girls  didn't  fall 

For  the   fellow  at   all. 

For  he  made  only  thirty  a  vdque. 

•  •      • 

FROM   ONE    PHILOSOPHER 
TO    ANOTHER 

"Happiness  is  the  greatest  desire  of  man- 
kind," says  a  famous  English  philosopher 
in  his  newest  book. 

To  which  Joe  Paup  replies,  "What  good 
is  happiness?    It  can't  buy  you   money." 

^    -¥■    -¥■ 

A  LITTLE   BIT  DECEIVING 

Recent  figures  reveal  that  lobbyists  for 
Big  Business  now  out-number  members  of 
Congress  by  about  three  to  one.  W.  Brooke 
Graves  who  compiled  the  figures  was 
amused  by  the  numerous  protestations 
made  by  lobbyists  that  they  were  not 
really  lobbyists  but  merely  registered  as 
such  "just  in  case."  "It  would  appear," 
he  wrote,  "that  all  of  them  sit  in  their 
offices  or  in  their  hotel  rooms  and  medi- 
tate,   thinking  pure   thoughts." 

Could  be,  but  we  doubt  it.  With  all 
tlieir  protestations  of  innocence,  lobbyists 
sort  of  remind  us  of  the  mother  who  was 
entertainin  a  friend. 

"What  a  sweet  and  innocent-looking  face 
your  little  girl  has,"  the  visitor  remarked. 

"I  hadn't  noticed,"  the  mother  answered 
anxiously.  "Mary,  what  mischief  have  you 
been  up  to  now?" 


YOU  NEVER  CAN  TELL 

Editors  once  considered  a  man  biting  a 
dog  the  ultimate  in  newsworthiness.  How- 
ever, since  passage  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Law, 
a  new  yardstick  has  been  set  up  for  per- 
fection in  a  news  story.  The  other  day  it 
actually  came  about;  the  National  Laboi 
Relations  Board  and  General  Counsel  Den- 
ham  for  once  agreed.  The  surprise  was  so 
great  it  brought  to  mind  a  favorite  old 
story: 

A  wife  was  greatly  concerned  when  her 
ailing  husband  won  a  sweepstake  ticket 
for  $150,000.  Feeling  that  the  shock  might 
prove  too  great  a  strain  on  her  husband's 
heart  she  called  the  family  physician  to 
ask  his  advice.  After  some  consideration 
the  doctor  decided  that  he  should  go  down 
to  the  lucky  man's  place  of  business  and 
break  the  good  news  and  at  the  same  time 
be  prepared  to  administer  aid  should  the 
surprise  prove  too  great  for  the  winner. 
When  the  doctor  entered  the  little  store 
something  like   the   following  took  place: 

Doctor:  "Hello,  John!  What  would  you 
do  if  on  this  bright  Fall  day  someone  were 
to  tell  you  that  you  had  hit  the  Irish 
Sweepstakes   for   $150,000?" 

Lucky  Man:  "Well,  Doc,  you  have  al- 
ways been  a  good  friend.  I  believe  if  that 
were  to  happen  I  would  give  you  $75,000." 

Then  the  Doctor  dropped  dead. 


"We're  playing  that  union  team  to- 
day, so  I'm  going  to  picket  our  goal 
line." 


18 


TWIN  CITIES  LAY  CORNER  STONE 


Ox  RAYMOND  Avenue  and  Bradford  in  the  Cit}-  of  St.  Paul  finishing 
touches  were  recently  applied  to  a  beautiful  new  SSO.OOO  building. 
Looking  at  it  one  sees  a  fine  example  of  functional  modem  architec- 
ture combining  reinforced  concrete  construction  w'ith.  mellow  'Winona  facing. 
But  the  realh"  important  components  that  went  into  the  completion  of  the 
building  do  not  show.  They  are  thirt}'  years  of  planning  and  dreaming  and 
scheming;:  for   this   is  the   new  home   of  the   Twin    Cities    District   Council. 


Wielding  the  trowel  like  a  veteran  bricklayer.  General  President  William  L,  Hutcheson 
lays  the  corner  stone  of  the  new  Twin  Cities  District  Council  home  as  J.  H.  Bakken.  council 
Secretary-Treasurer  i right    and  L,  F.  Krengel.  business  agent,  watch  hii  technique. 

E\'er  since  the  Council  was  organized  thirt}"  odd  years  ago  the  officers  and 
members  looked  forward  to  the  day  when  they  could  occupy  a  building  they 
could  call  their  o^\'n.  It  took  hundreds  of  committee  meetings  and  thousands 
of  hours  planning  and  a  considerable  amount  of  financial  sacrifice  to  do  the 
job  but  it  has  been  done. 

On  Saturday,  October  IsL  General  President  ^^'illiam  L.  Hutcheson.  in  the 
presence  of  all  General  Officers,  General  Executive  Board  Members,  and  a 
larsie  number  of  officers  and  members  of  the  council,  laid  the  comer  stone  of 


THE    CARPENTER 


19 


the  new  building.  The  General  Officers  were  in  St.  Paul  attending  the  AFL 
convention.  Sealed  in  the  corner  stone  was  a  copper  box  containing  a  list  of 
officers  and  delegates  to  the  council,  current  working  agreements,  copies  of 
minutes,  and  many  other  items  which  will  give  some  future  generation  an 
accurate  picture  of  conditions  surrounding  the  carpenters  of  the  area  today. 

Short  speeches  by  General  Presi- 
dent Hutcheson  and  General  Sec- 
retary Emeritus  Frank  Duffy  sum- 
marized the  long,  hard  road  which 
not  only  the  Twin  Cities  District 
Council,  but  the  entire  United 
Brotherhood  as  well,  traveled  to 
achieve  the  conditions  and  wages 
that  carpenters  enjoy  today.  Many 
other  important  guests  were  intro- 
duced and  all  commended  the 
council  for  the  fighting  spirit  they 
have  always  displayed;  a  symbol 
of  which  is  their  fine  new  home. 


The  two  veteran  "war  horses"  of  the  United 
Brotherhood,  General  President  Hutcheson  and 
General  Secretary  Emeritus  Duflfy  are  snapped 
by  the  cameraman  in  front  of  the  newly  laid 
corner  stone. 


The  building  is  fifty-four  by  six- 
ty-five feet.  In  addition  to  a  main 
meeting  hall,  it  has  six  private 
offices,  a  conference  room,  fire- 
proof vault,  and  many  other  fea- 
tures designed  to  add  comfort  and  efficiency.  Best  of  all,  the  building  is,  ex- 
cept for  a  few  minor  odds  and  ends,  entirely  paid  for  and  owned  by  the  council 
and  its  affiliates. 

Two  days  following  the  laying  of  the  corner  stone,  the  Twin  Cities  District 
Council  tendered  a  banquet  to  the  General  Officers  of  the  United  Brother- 
hood who  were  in  St.  Paul  attending  the  annual  convention  of  the  x\merican 
Federation  of  Labor.  It  was  the  first  time  in  many,  many  years  that  the  entire 
roster  of  General  Officers  had  been  in  St.  Paul  at  the  same  time.  The  banquet 
was  held  at  the  Lowry  Hotel.  Despite  atrocious  weather,  some  150  odd  guests 
were  in  attendance.  Good  food  and  short  but  inspiring  speeches  by  a  number 

of  the  honored  guests  made  the  occasion  a  memorable  one. 

• 

ORNBURN,  LABEL  LEADER  AND  SHOW  FOUNDER,  IS  DEAD 

The  man  who  made  American  AFL  union  label  conscious  is  dead. 

Ira  M.  Ornburn,  60,  secretary-treasurer  of  the  AFL  Union  Label  Trades  Department 
since  1934  and  founder  of  the  gigantic  annual  "Union  Industries  Show,"  succumbed  Dec. 
17  at  the  Cornwall,  N.  Y.,  Hospital.  He  entered  the  hospital  after  suffering  a  stroke  and 
was  ill  two  weeks. 

The  tall,  friendly,  urbane  Mr.  Ornburn  acliieved  prominence  in  several  fields  during  a 
busy  life,  but  it  was  his  promotion  of  the  union  label  which  won  him  world-wide  attention 
and  the  admiration  here  at  home  of  rank-and-file  workers  who  stood  to  gain  most  by  bigger 
markets  for  union-made  goods  and  services. 

Mr.  Ornburn  was  born  in  Moberly,  Mo.  He  moved  as  a  young  man  to  New  Haven, 
Conn.,  where  he  worked  as  a  cigar  maker.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Cigarmakers'  Inter- 
national Union,  served  as  its  vice-president  from  1918  to  1926,  president  from  1926  to  1936, 
and  since  1918  was  one  of  the  union's  delegates  to  the  annual  AFL  comention. 

Mr.  Ornburn  was  elected  secretary-treasmrer  of  the  AFL  Union  Label  Trades  Depart- 
ment by  tlie  1934  AFL  convention. 


THE    LOCKER 

By  JOHN   HART,  Local  Union  366,  New  York,   N.  Y. 

This  issue  of  The  Locker  contains  a  series  of  diversified  questions  closely  or  remotely 
related  to  the  trade.  From  various  sources  we  gather  this  is  M'hat  most  readers  prefer.  If 
you  score  the  full  500  points  let  us  know^  about  it  and  we'll  make  room  for  your  bust  in  the 
Carpenters'  Hall  of  Fame.    If  you  need  the  answers,  you'll  find  them  on  page  30. 


PLANE  GEOMETRY 

1.  When  the  time  is  two  o'clock,  what  degree  angle  do  the  hands  make? 5     

2.  A  triangle  has  sides,  9,  12,  15.   Which  figure  is  the  hypotenuse? 20     

3.  Take  5  points  for  each  parallelogram  you  can  name 20     

4.  One  angle  of  a  triangle  is  60°.   The  second  is  30°.   What  is  the  third? 10     

5.  How  many  sides  has  a  dodecagon 25     

ARCHITECTURE 

6.  Name  the  city  and  country  where  each  of  the  following  famous  buildings 

is  located.   The  Louvre (5) (5).    St.  Mark's  Cathedral (5) 

(5).    The  Taj   Mahal (5) (5).    The   Parthenon (5) 

(5).    The  Alhambra (5) (5) 50     

7.  Sculpture  which  projects  slightly  from  the  surface  as  on  a  coin  is  called 

what?    Intaglio scagliola bas-relief _  .marquetry fresco. 25     

8.  Which  column  is  the  simplest  in  style?    Corinthian Doric Ionic 15     

9.  What  part  of  a  building  is  generally  termed  the  facade? 10     

10.  A  detached,  free-standing  bell  tower  is  architecturally  termed  a  minaret 

peristyle campanile cupola belvedere.   20     

GENERAL  BUILDING 

11.  If  you  know  what  a  batter  wall  is  you're  good  for  15  points 15     

12.  Do  you  know  what  a  bench  mark  is  used  for  in  a  building? 5     

13.  What  mechanic  in  the  building  trade  gets  paid  for  pointing? 10     

14.  What  tools  does  a  bricklayer  use  when  chasing  a  wall? 5     

15.  Whereabouts  on  a  building  would  you  look  for  a  quoin? 25     

CARPENTRY 

16.  How  many  shoulders  has  a  bareface  tenon? 25     

17.  When  a  door  has  a  frieze  rail  where  is  it  located? 15     

18.  What  part  of  a  lock  is  the  cap? 5     

19.  If  you  know  what  center-matched  sheathing  is  take  an  easy  20  points 20     

20.  Name  a  two-handled  tool  a  carpenter  uses  by  pulling  towards  him 10     

HARDWARE 

21.  What  is  a  holdfast? 10     

22.  Where  and  for  what  purpose  is  a  panic  bolt  used? 20     

23.  Which  of  these  is  called  an  invisible  hinge?  Bommer,  Rixson,  Soss,  Olive. _     25     

24.  How  does  a  dowel  screw  differ  from  an  ordinary  screw? 20     

25.  What  is  meant  by  a  dead  lock? 10     

MENTAL  ARITHMETIC  (put  your  pencil  away) 

26.  The  perimeter  of  a  room  is  60  feet.    The  length  is  twice  the  width.    What 

are  the  dimensions  of  the  room? 25     

27.  A  carpenter  charges  12  cents  for  sawing  a  board  into  two  lengths.    How 

much  should  he  charge  for  sawing  it  into  six  lengths? 5     

28.  How  many  s.  ft.  in  a  room  27  feet  wide  and  33  feet  4  inches  long? 25     

29.  In  a  Local  of  480  members,  24  are  apprentices.    What  percentage  of  the 

total  membership    are    apprentices? 10     

30.  How  many  square  inches  difference  between  2  square  ft.  and  2  feet  square?     15     

Total  points  500 
THE  64  DOLLAR  QUESTION 

A  ten  inch  phonograph  record  has  a  blank  inner  space  four  inches  in  diameter.    The 

blank  outer  margin  is  one-half  inch  wide.   How  far  does  the  needle  travel  when  tlie  record 
is  fully  played?    An  approximate  answer  will  be  considered  correct. 


21 


MORAL:  Safety  Pays 

•      • 

SO  LITTLE  ALICE  thought  things  were  wacky  in  Wonderland!  She 
should  have  stuck  around  and  seen  what  the  National  Safety  Council 
dug  up  in  1949  in  its  annual  roundup  of  odd  accidents.  To  wit: 
Every  ballplayer  dreams  of  the  day  he's  as  hot  as  a  firecracker.  But  few 
attain  it  as  literally  as  Outfielder  Norman  Lawrence  of  an  East  Oakland, 
Calif.,  sandlot  team.  Thirteen-year-old  Norman  chased  a  fly  ball  so  vigorously 
that  the  friction  of  his  pants  ignited  some  matches  in  his  pocket.  The  matches 
touched  off  a  pocketful  of  firecrack 


ers  Norm  had  been  hoarding.  He 
banged  his  way  spectacularly  across 
the  outfield  and  caught  the  fly— to 
the  thunderous  cheers  of  his  amazed 
and  delighted   teammates. 

In  the  same  anatomical  category 
is  the  fascinating  case  of  Ivan  Har- 
zell  of  Yreka,  Calif.,  who  gave  not 
a  hotfoot  but  a  hotseat  to,  of  all  peo- 
ple, himself.  Mr.  Harzell  was  work- 
ing in  a  field  with  a  sodium  chlorate 
weed  killer  that  impregnated  his 
trousers.  The  highly  inflammable 
chemical  was  touched  off  by  friction 
when  Mr.  Harzell  rammed  his  hand 
into  his  pocket,  and  his  pants  ex- 
ploded. 

Statistics  show  that  very  few  cars 
skid  on  icy  streets  in  New  York  City 
in  midsummer.  But  that's  what  hap- 
pened on  the  hottest  day  of  the  year 
in  1949.  A  taxicab  driven  by  Arthur 
Irise  crashed  into  another  taxi.  Irise 
explained  to  police  that  his  cab  had 
skidded  on  ice  that  had  fallen  from 
a  truck.  He  was  advised  to  put  on 
chains. 

Mrs.  Lowell  Long  is  used  to  hear- 
ing her  neighbors  in  Cedar  Rapids, 
la.,  say  that  her  biscuits  are  always 
surefire.  Nonetheless,  she  was  star- 
tled when  shots  rang  out  from  the 
hot  o\  en  into  which  she  had  just 
dropped  a  pan  of  dough.    Then  she 


remembered  that  when  the  family 
left  on  a  recent  vacation,  two  re- 
volvers had  been  hidden  in  the 
stove. 

Fully  aware  that  things  are  tough 
all  over,  police  in  Sacramento,  Calif., 
ne^'ertheless  were  surprised  to  get  a 
report  that  an  automobile  had  picked 
the  pocket  of  a  pedestrian  and  es- 
caped with  $102.  The  victim,  W.  T. 
Taylor,  had  walked  too  close  to  a 
moving  car.  His  coat  pocket— wal- 
let and  all— was  ripped  off  by  the 
auto  and  carried   away. 

Football  fans  realize  that  pretty 
drum  majorettes  of  high  school  bands 
practically  knock  themselves  out  to 
please  the  crowd.  But  Celia  Slavens 
of  the  Champaign,  111.,  high  school 
band  actually  did  it.  She  twirled  her 
baton  so  energetically  it  smacked  her 
in  the  head  and  knocked  her  cold. 

In  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  a  box  of 
cookies  set  fire  to  a  house  at  153 
Charles  Street.  How?  Well,  the  box 
toppled  from  a  kitchen  shelf  onto  the 
handle  of  a  water  faucet,  tin-ning  on 
the  water.  The  cookies  spilled  out 
clogging  the  drain  and  causing  an 
overflow.  The  water  seeped  through 
the  floor,  a  short  circuit  resulted,  and 
fire  broke  out. 

Parents  and  others  who  are  a  little 
weary  of  bubble  gum  have  an  ardent 


22  THE    CARPENTER 

ally  in  Quincy  Elmer  Fergusson   of  Then    things   were  really  gummed 

Anaheim,  Calif.    Quincy  was  driving  up. 

a  young  woman  home  from  the  office  In    Kampsville,    111.,    Bridegroom 

one   afternoon  when  she  chose  that  James    Inman    blissfully    carried    his 

moment  to  demonstrate  her  skill  as  bride    across  the    threshold,    slipped 

a  gum   bubbler.    The   balloon  sized  and   broke  his   ankle. 

bubble   burst   in  Quincy's  face.     He  And  in  Santa   Monica,   Calif.,   po- 

did  what  came  naturally— let   go   of  lice  arrested  a  motorist  on  a  speed- 

the   wheel   and   clawed   at  the  rub-  ing   charge  for  the    second   time   in 

ber}'    goo    which    covered   his    eyes.  18  months.    His  name?    No  fooling, 

The   car    swerved    into    two   others,  folks— it's    Safetv'   First! 


1950  HOUSING  CENSUS  IMPORTANT  TO  INDUSTRY 


Comprehensive  data  covering  many  housing  subjects  vital  to  the  interest 
of  the  construction  and  building  industries  will  be  gathered  by  enumerators 
of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  the  Census  when  they  take  the  Census  of 
Housing  in  April.  Preparations  have  been  made  to  enumerate  as  many  as  45 
million  dwelling  units  compared  with  37.3  million  units  reported  in  the  1940 
census. 

The  Housing  Census  to  be  made  as  part  of  the  17th  Decennial  Census 
will  be  the  second  nationwide  sun'ey  of  the  housing  situation  by  the  Census 
Bureau.  It  will  furnish  the  construction  and  building  industries  with  new  and 
detailed  information  to  replace  figures  gathered  in  the  1940  Census  of  Hous- 
ing and  subsequent  surveys. 

Since  1940,  tremendous  shifts  in  population  have  occurred  in  the  United 
States,  some  areas  having  gained  much  more  heavily  than  others.  These  move- 
ments have  made  it  desirable  that  the  Nation  be  brought  up  to  date  on  the 
question  of  where  housing  is  most  needed  and  how  much. 

An  authoritative  and  reliable  determination  of  current  housing  needs  can 
be  had  only  by  finding  out  the  location  of  existing  units  and  their  character- 
istics, values,  rentals,  mortgage  financing  features,  and  other  essential  data 
which  is  obtained  on  a  nationwide  scale  only  by  the  Census  Bureau. 

Builders  and  building  craftsmen,  real  estate  brokers,  and  mortgage  lenders 
depend  largely  upon  housing  for  their  livelihood.  Others  depend  upon  hous- 
ing to  provide  the  principal  markets  for  their  products— lumber,  brick,  stone, 
hardware,  glass,  and  paint,  to  cite  a  few  examples.  Mines,  mills,  forests  and 
farms  all  provide  materials  for  home  construction.  Producers  and  retailers  of 
stoves,  furnaces,  electrical  appliances,  and  household  furnishings  all  are 
vitally  concerned  with  new  information  on  potential  markets. 

While  the  interest  of  public  officials  and  persons  in  the  building  industry 
is  more  acute  with  respect  to  the  need  for  new  housing,  the  quality  of  existing 
units  also  is  of  vital  importance.  In  1940,  most  users  of  the  housing  statistics 
found  the  data  on  "state  of  repair"  to  be  very  useful. 

The  Census  Bureau  recognized  the  fact,  however,  that  "state  of  repair" 
as  reported  by  an  enumerator  is  conditioned  by  his  abilit\'  to  judge  the  kind 
and  extent  of  repairs  that  a  house  needs.  Nevertheless,  the  various  users  of 
such  data  feel  that  some  measure  of  housing  quality'  is  highly  desirable,  par- 
ticularly if  it  can  be  provided  for  their  own  localities. 


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 

Gbnbbal  Office  :  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


General  President 

WM.  L.  HUTCHBSON 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


FiBST  General  Vice-President 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'   Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


Acting  Secretary 

ALBERT   E.   FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN   R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'  Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


General  Treasurer 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,   Ind. 


General  Executive  Board 
First  District,   CHARLES   JOHNSON,   JR.  Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBERTS 

111  B.  22nd  St.,  New  York  10,  N.  Y.  3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second  District,   O.   WM.   BLAIBR 
933  B.  Magee,  Philadelphia  11,  Pa. 


Sixth  District,  A.  W.  MUIR 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District,  HARRY  SCHWARZER 
1248  Walnut  Ave.,   Cleveland,   O. 


Seventh  District,  ARTHUR  MARTBL 
3600    St.   Lawrence,    Montreal,    Que.,    Can. 


Fourth   District,   ROLAND   ADAMS 
712  West  Palmetto  St.,  Florence,   S.  C. 


WM.  L.  HUTCHESON.  Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 

Notice  to  Recording  Secretaries 

The  quarterly  circular  for  the  months  of  January,  February  and  March, 
1950,  containing  the  quarterly  password,  has  been  forwarded  to  all  Local 
Unions  of  the  United  Brotherhood.  Recording  Secretaries  not  in  receipt  of 
this  circular  should  notify  Albert  E.  Fischer,  Carpenters'  Building,  Indian- 
apolis, Indiana. 


Report  of  the  Delegates  to  the  Forty-first  Annual  Convention  of 

Union  Label  Trades  Department  of  the  American 

Federation  of  Labor 


To  the  General  Executive  Board: 

The  Forty-first  Annual  Convention  of  the  Union  Label  Trades  Department  of  the 
American  Federation  of  Labor  was  held  in  the  Windsor  Room  of  the  St.  Paul  Hotel,  St. 
Paul,  Minnesota  on  September  30,  1949.  One  hundred  and  twenty-one  delegates  were 
present,  representing  forty-four  National  and  International  Unions. 

The  following  National  and  International  Unions  were  represented: 

Delegates 

American   Federation  of  Labor    1 

Bakery  and  Confectionary  Workers'  International  Union  of  America 7 

(Continued  on   page  27) 


Editorial 


Labor  At  Last  Gets  A  National  Voice 

Last  month  a  radio  spieler  by  the  name  of  Fulton  Lewis,  Jr.  created  some- 
thing of  a  sensation  when  he  broadcast  a  hair-raising  story  about  uranium  and 
heavy  water  and  atom  bomb  secrets  being  exported  to  Russia  in  wholesale 
quantities  during  the  war.  No  cloak  and  dagger  fiction  writer  of  the  modern 
school  ever  turned  out  anything  more  exciting.  All  the  elements  of  suspense 
were  there— bearded  Russian  villains  slinking  around  U.  S,  Army  property, 
mysterious  orders  coming  from  high  places,  and,  most  important  of  all,  a  boy 
hero  stanuding  his  ground  against  all  sorts  of  odds.  However,  that  is  as  it 
should  be,  for  most  of  Lewis'  story  tiirned  out  to  be  pure  fiction  too. 

The  boy  hero  in  Lewis'  spy  thriller  is  a  former  Air  Force  officer  stationed 
at  Great  Falls,  Montana,  during  the  war.  This  chap,  George  R.  Jordan  by 
name,  acted  as  expediter  for  lend-lease  material  flowing  to  Russia  through 
that  base.  According  to  Jordan,  he  saw  shipments  of  uranium  ore  and  other 
vital  material  being  loaded  on  planes  bound  for  the  Russian  front.  Jordan 
even  claimed  that  he  saw  Russian  officers  struggling  under  carboys  of  "heavy 
water,"  an  important  component  in  the  manufacture  of  the  atom  bomb. 
According  to  his  story,  he,  Jordan,  personally  stopped  a  good  deal  of  this 
illegal  traffic. 

But  Lewis'  great  "scoop"  backfired.  A  Congressional  investigation  got 
under  way  immediately.  One  by  one  the  charges  made  by  Jordan  and  aired 
by  Lew;s  failed  to  stand  up.  It  was  disclosed  by  General  Groves,  who  was 
the  chief  in  charge  of  the  entire  atomic  program  during  the  war,  that  there 
was  not  a  glassful  of  heavy  water  in  existence  at  the  time  Jordan  claimed 
Russians  were  carrying  it  off  in  huge  carboys.  The  very  fact  that  Jordan 
claimed  the  Russians  were  grunting  and  groaning  under  the  loads  made  his 
story  sound  ridiculous  because  heavy  water  is  very  little  different  in  weight 
from  ordinary  water.  It  is  designated  "heavy"  because  of  its  different  mole- 
cular structure,  and  not  because  of  its  weight. 

In  any  event,  all  the  furore  created  by  Lewis  went  for  nothing.  News- 
papers have  revealed  since  his  sudden  rise  to  notoriety,  that  Jordan  sought 
after  the  war  to  set  himself  as  a  consultant  or  "five  per  center"  for  persons 
trying  to  do  business  with  the  Russians.  Other  papers  revealed  that  he  tried 
unsuccessfully  to  peddle  his  "story"  many  other  places  before  Lewis  finally 
purchased  it. 

What  was  back  of  the  whole  thing?  Probably  Lewis'  vindictiveness  against 
the  present  administration  and  the  whole  New  Deal  from  its  inception  in  1933. 
Certainly  he  was  too  smart  to  be  taken  in  by  the  more  fantastic  portions  of 
Jordan's  story.  He  merely  saw  in  them  an  opportunity  to  smear  people  he 
did  not  like  in  Washington.  That  he  made  the  most  of  that  opportunity  is 
evident  from  the  furore  created. 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

Lewis  is  an  old  hand  at  that  sort  of  thing.  Labor  often  has  been  on  the 
receiving  end  of  his  verbal  brickbats.  More  than  likely  he  racked  his  brains 
trying  to  cook  up  an  anti-labor  angle  to  his  newest  spy  scare  story  before  he 
broke  it.  Like  a  good  many  of  his  colleagues,  Lewis  seems  to  be  more  inter- 
ested in  sensationalism  than  in  strict  truth. 

This  latest  incident  merely  emphasizes  the  fact  that  organized  labor  has 
long  needed  a  national  radio  voice  of  its  own.  That  voice  is  now  on  the  air. 
Under  the  sponsorship  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  Frank  Edwards, 
long  one  of  the  top  commentators  in  the  middle  west,  is  now  broadcasting 
Monday  through  Friday  over  Mutual  Broadcasting  System.  Edwards  is  no 
slouch  as  a  newscaster.  He  is  forceful,  fearless  and  fair.  Most  important  of  all, 
he  is  free  to  call  his  shots  as  he  sees  them  without  fear  of  offending  the  Na- 
tional Association  of  Manufacturers  or  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  Every 
worker  who  is  interested  in  getting  the  whole  truth  in  every  situation  ought 
to  make  it  a  habit  to  listen  to  Edwards  every  weekday  evening.  Consult  your 
local  newspaper  for  the  time  when  your  local  Mutual  station  will  be  carrying 
his  program. 


No  One  Likes  Snooping 

Every  tenth  year  Uncle  Sam  undertakes  a  count  of  his  nieces  and  nephews. 
This  is  a  census  year.  Already  thousands  upon  thousands  of  enumerators 
have  started  the  tremendous  task  of  counting  every  man,  woman,  and  child 
in  our  glorious  land.  In  tenament  hovels,  in  backwoods  cabins,  in  swanky 
apartment  houses,  in  remote  bayous,  in  fact  wherever  people  live  in  this  broad 
land,  there  enumerators  will  appear  sometime  this  year  to  gather  information 
about  our  population. 

Something  new  has  been  added  to  this  census.  Recently  the  Census  Bureau 
announced  that  one  of  each  five  individuals  or  heads  of  families  will  be  asked 
certain  pertinent  questions  concerning  the  size  of  their  incomes.  Object  of 
these  questions  will  be  to  gatlier  accurate  information  regarding  the  living 
standards  of  the  poorer  people,  especially  those  whose  low  earnings  exempt 
them  from  income  tax  payments.  No  such  questions  will  be  asked  of  people 
in  the  $10,000  a  year  category  and  above  because  their  income  tax  reports  will 
give  all  the  information  needed  for  government  statistics. 

Against  this  prying  into  the  financial  status  of  part  of  our  citizens,  a 
number  of  Congressmen  have  raised  a  great  hue  and  cry.  Despite  the  fact 
all  information  gathered  will  be  strictly  confidential,  they  charge  that  the 
questioning  constitutes  "snooping."  In  a  sense  it  does.  However,  so  does  the 
income  tax  blank  which  people  in  the  higher  brackets  by  law  must  £11  out 
each  year.  For  better  or  worse,  the  day  when  most  people  could  keep  their 
financial  affairs  strictly  to  themselves  flew  out  the  window  when  the  income 
tax  law  was  passed  some  thirty-five  years  ago.  That  people  in  the  very  lowest 
income  bracket  should  be  afforded  a  special  privilege  that  is  now  denied  those 
who  make  enough  to  pay  income  taxes  seems  illogical. 

What  we  suspect  is  that  the  opponents  of  the  idea  of  gathering  financial 
data  during  the  census  have  an  ulterior  motive.  We  are  inclined  to  think  that 
they  are  more  concerned  with  what  such  financial  data  would  show  rather 


26  THE    CARPENTER 

than  with  protecting  the  privacy  of  the  people.  Congress  is  aheady  concerned 
with  the  economic  welfare  of  our  people.  A  Senate  Economic  subcommittee 
headed  by  Senator  Sparkman  of  Alabama  has  already  been  deMng  into  the 
economic  status  of  the  American  people.  Among  the  things  uncovered  by  this 
subcommittee  was  considerable  evidence  pointing  to  the  fact  that  incomes  are 
lowest  among  tlie  unorganized  workers  who  do  not  have  unions  to  represent 
them  in  collective  bargaining  with  their  employers.  A  nationwide  surv'ey  of 
earnings  would  probably  pro\"e  this  theory  ver}'  conclusively.  Needless  to 
say,  most  of  the  Congressmen  objecting  to  a  further  dehing  into  facts  about 
low  incomes  are  Congressmen  who  seldom  vote  ^^"ith  labor  on  any  matters. 

Figures  already  published  by  the  Sparkman  subcommittee  indicate  that 
something  like  eight  million  individuals  and  heads  of  families  are  now  earn- 
ing less  than  Sl.OOO  a  year.  Something  like  sixteen  milhon  have  incomes  of 
less  than  82,000  a  }"ear.  Obviously  this  is  not  a  happy  situation.  Neither  is  it 
a  situation  conducive  to  continued  national  prosperit\\  Before  the  problem  can 
be  attacked  intelligently,  it  is  important  that  as  much  correct  information  as 
possible  be  a\'ailable.  Other  than  the  Census  Bureau  no  agency  is  adequately 
organized  to  gather  the  necessar}^  facts  and  figures. 

No  one  likes  snooping.  The  less  of  it  there  is  the  better  off  all  concerned 
will  be.  However,  for  the  bulk  of  the  American  people,  privacy  about  income 
disappeared  with  the  ad\"ent  of  the  income  tax.  If  facts  and  figures  are  now 
needed  concerning  the  earnings  of  the  lowest  income  groups,  it  would  only 
seem  logical  that  they  should  be  gathered  in  the  only  sure  wa}"  they  can. 
Knowing  the  facts  is  always  the  first  step  required  in  remedying  any  situation. 


An  Important  Step 

Recently  labor  representati^"es  from  \"irtually  all  the  free  nations  of  the 
world  met  in  London  to  form  the  International  Confederation  of  Free  Trade 
Unions.  To  say  that  the  democratic  cause  was  thereby  strengthened  is  to  in- 
dulge in  understatement.  Nothing  that  has  taken  place  since  the  end  of  the 
war  is  of  greater  significance  to  working  people  ever}^vhere  who  cherish 
personal  freedom. 

The  International  Confederation  for  the  first  time  gi\'es  the  democratic 
cause  a  spring  board  from  which  to  launch  an  effective  counter-offensive 
against  communism.  Up  to  now,  all  the  aid  gi\"en  to  devastated  nations 
throughout  the  world  has  operated  through  the  governments  that  existed  be- 
fore the  war.  Sometimes  these  were  corrupt  and  undemocratic,  even  though 
anti-communistic.  Through  the  International  Confederation,  an  effective  peo- 
ple's voice  has  been  estabhshed— a  \-oice  really  dedicated  to  democratic  prin- 
ciples. 

As  that  voice  is  strengthened  and  nurtured,  its  effecti\"eness  will  increase 
and  in  the  long  run  it  will  undoubtedly  make  the  greatest  contribution  to 
the  annihilation  of  all  totalitarianism.  Human  history  pro\"es  that  by  his  very 
nature  man  wants  to  be  free.  All  he  needs  is  a  vehicle  for  achieving  that  free- 
dom.  The  International  Confederation  pro^'ides  such  a  \'ehicle. 


THE    CARPENTER  27 

(Continued  front  page  23) 

Delegates 
Journeymen  Barbers,  Hairdressers,  Cosmetologists  and  Proprietors'  International 

Union  of  America 3 

International  Brotherhood  of  Blacksmiths,  Drop  Forgers  and  Helpers 1 

International  Brotherhood  of  Boilermakers,  Iron  Ship  Builders  and  Helpers  of 

America 3 

International  Brotherhood  of  Bookbinders   2 

Boot  and  Shoe  Workers'  Union 5 

United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America 2 

United  Cement,  Lime  and  Gypsum  Workers  International  Union 4 

International  Chemical  Workers  Union 3 

Cigar  Makers  International  Union  of  America 3 

Retail  Clerks  International  Association   2 

Coopers'  International  Union  of  North  America 2 

Distillery,  Rectifying  and  Wine  Workers'  International  Union  of  America 2 

International  Federation  of  Technical  Engineers,   Architects   and   Draftsmen's 

Unions     1 

International  Brotherhood  of  Electrical  Workers '. 4 

International  Union  of  Operating  Engineers 4 

International  Photo-Engravers  Union  of  North  America 4 

International  Brotherhood  of  Firemen  and  Oilers 2 

International  Ladies'  Garment   Workers'    Union    1 

United  Garment  Workers  of  America 5 

Glass  Bottle  Blowers  Association  of  the  United  States  and  Canada 3 

American  Flint  Glass  Workers'  Union  of  North  America 1 

International  Glove  Workers'  Union  of  America 1 

United  Hatters,  Cap  and  Millinery  Workers'  International  Union 1 

Hotel  and  Restaurant  Employes  and  Bartendars'  International  Union 1 

Laundry  Workers'  International  Union 3 

Amalgamated  Meat  Cutters  and  Butcher  Workmen  of  North  America 5 

Sheet  Metal  Workers'  International  Association    1 

American  Federation  of  Grain  Millers 2 

Office  Employes'  International  Union 3 

Brotherhood  of  Painters,  Decorators  and  Paperhangers  of  America 3 

International  Brotherhood  of  Paper  Makers 1 

United  Association  of  Journeymen  and  Apprentices  of  the  Plumbing  and  Pipe 

Fitting  Industry  of  the  United  States  and  Canada 1 

Metal  Polishers,  BuflFers,  Platers  and  Helpers'  International  Union 1 

National  Brotherhood  of  Operative  Potters 2 

International  Printing  Pressmen  and  Assistants'  Union  of  North  America 6 

International  Brotherhood  of  Pulp,  Sulphite  and  Paper  Mill  Workers  of  the 

United  States,  Canada  and  Newfoundland 2 

International  Alliance  of  Theatrical  Stage  Employes  and  Moving  Picture  Ma- 
chine Operators  of  the  United  States  and  Canada  3 

Stove  Mounters'  International  Union  of  North  America   S 

International  Brotherhood  of  Teamsters,  ChauflFeurs,  Warehousemen  and 

Helpers   of  America   5 

United  Textile  Workers  of  America 1 

Tobacco  Workers  International  Union 3 

International   Typographical   Union    6 

Upholsterers'  International  Union  of  North  America 2 

Total  Delegates 121 

The  Executive  Board  in  its  annual  report  said  in  part: 

A  year  ago  there  was  great  uncertainty  whether  the  signs  of  better  times,  then  apparent, 
were  real  or  illusory,  whether  the  tide  of  recovery  was  actually  flowing  or  whether  there 
was  just  a  lull  in  depression. 

Looking  at  the  world  as  a  whole,  tlie  presence  of  a  general  advance  is  noted.  And  it 
is  hardly  the  kind  of  recovery  for  which  most  of  us  have  been  watching  and  waiting. 


28  THE    CARPENTER 

The  world  had  cherished  the  hope  of  returning  to  "normaUty."  Without  defining  what  the 
"normal"  condition  of  affairs  might  be,  the  world  vaguely  imagined  a  state  of  things  which 
would  permit  calculation  for  the  future,  which  would  give  some  assurance  that  the  rhythm 
of  economic  life  would  resume  an  even  tenor  undisturbed  by  excessive  ups  and  downs— 
a  state  of  fairly  stable  equilibrium.    This  hope  has  by  no  means  been  realized. 

Although  much  progress  has  been  made,  no  one  feels  that  stability  or  equilibrium 
has  been  attained.  At  most,  what  has  been  achieved  is  to  set  the  economic  machine  again 
in  motion  after  a  grave  disruption  and  serious  dislocation.  It  is  once  more  moving  for- 
ward with  more  or  less  momentum  and  the  gathering  of  speed,  but  the  distance  that  it 
may  be  expected  to  travel  remains  a  matter  of  conjecture  and  of  anxious  speculation. 

What  is  perhaps  more  surprising  and  encouraging  is  the  buoyancy  and  the  tenacity  of 
the  human  spirit.  In  spite  of  all  the  grave  calamities  through  which  the  world  has  passed 
and  the  more  than  abundant  sources  of  peril  which  still  beset  peoples  everj'where,  hu- 
manity has  energetically  fought  its  way  onward  and  upward  from  the  depths  of  destruction, 
poverty  and  depression  and  in  an  atmosphere  of  confusion  to  a  point  where  it  can  look 
backward  with  a  sense  of  relief  and  forward  to  the  task  of  planning  for  a  better  future. 

We  are  not  likely  to  be  deluded  by  any  mirage  of  permanent  prosperity.  It  Is  there- 
fore appropriate  we  take  stock  of  the  whole  situation  and  bend  every  effort  towards  rear- 
ing a  better-grounded  social  and  economic  edifice  than  that  which  was  shaken  to  its  foun- 
dation in  recent  years. 

The  report  also  dealt  with:  Union  Label  Leagues,  Union  Label  Features,  Union  Label 
Directory,  Radio  and  Television,  Union  Label  Weeks,  Women's  Auxiliaries  and  Union 
Industries  Shows. 

The  proceedings  further  show  that  two  international  organizations  became  affiliated  with 
the  Department,  as  well  as  eight  newly  chartered  Union  Label  Leagues. 

There  were  sixteen  Resolutions  submitted  which  were  referred  to  the  various  com- 
mittees and  were  acted  upon  accordingly  by  the  said  convention,  dealing  with  such  sub- 
jects as:  Universal  Label  Insignia,  Union  Label  League  Affiliation,  Union  Label,  Shop  Card 
and  Button,  Labor  Press,  The  American  Federationist,  A.  F.  of  L.  Weekly  News  Service 
and  Union  Industries  Shows. 

A  very  complete  and  concise  report  was  made  with  reference  to  the  exhibit  at  the  Cleve- 
land show.  This  exhibit  was  one  of  the  largest  and  occupied  one  of  the  most  conspicuous 
locations  in  the  huge  Public  Auditorium  in  the  city  of  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

The  ""report  of  the  Executive  Board  mentions  the  outstanding  exhibit  of  the  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America  which  proved  to  be  very  popular. 
Valuable  prizes  were  awarded  to  the  winners  by  the  Carpenters  District  Council  of 
Cleveland,  Ohio  in  a  guessing  contest— which  required  on-lookers  to  estimate  the  number 
of  nails  in  a  transparent  plastic  barrel. 

The  fifth  AFL  Union  Industries  Show  will  be  held  in  the  Convention  Hall,  May  6-13, 
1950  at  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 

All  the  incumbent  officers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  year,  which  are  as  follows: 

Matthew  WoU,  President 

John  J.  Mara,  First  Vice-President 

Joseph  McCurdy,  Second  Vice-President 

James  M.  Duffy,  Third  Vice-President 

Herman  Winter,  Fourth  Vice-President 

Dave  Beck,  Fifth  Vice-President 

I.  M.  Ornburn,  Secretary-Treasurer. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

TED  KENNY 

Delegates. 


^n   0itxnnvisctn 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them, 
Not  dead,  just  gone  before; 


They  still  live  in  our  memory, 
And  will  forever  more 


%tsii  in  l^entt 

Th*  Editor  has  been  requested  to  publish  the  names 
0f    the   following   Brothers    who   have   passed    away. 


AUGUST     ANDERSON,     L.     U.     1606,     Omaha, 

Nebr. 
N.   BAARDSEN,   L.  U.   740,   Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 
CHRIST  BECK,  L.  U.  81,  Erie,  Pa. 
BRUNO  T.  BENGTSON,  L.  U.  488,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 
EDWARD  BILLASCH,  L.  U.  1367,  Chicago,  111. 
LEON  BILLHARZ,  298,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
HERMAN  BOLLHARDT,  282,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
GEORGE  BROUGHTON,  L.  U.  322,  Niagara 

Falls,  N.   Y. 
LELAND  S.  CASHWELL,  L.  U.  132,  Washing. 

ton,  D.  C. 
DAVID   CHAROS,  L.  U.  488,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
J.  O.  DEBRUIN,  L.  U.  1683,  El  Dorado,  Ark. 
ALBERT  DENTON,  L.  U.  337,  Detroit,  Mich. 
BRUNO   DRYER,   L.  U.   211,   Pittsburgh,   Pa. 
STEPHAN  EBERLING,  L.  U.  282,  Jersey  City, 

N.  J. 
CHARLES  ERICKSON,  L.  U.  366  N.  Y.,  N.  Y. 
JOHN  F.  FARRELL,  L.  U.  608,  New  York  N.  Y. 
JOHN  FLINTOFF,  L.  U.  470,  Tacoma,  Wash. 
GUSTAVE    A.    FOSBERG,    L.    U.    2244,    Little 

Chute,    Wis. 

CHARLES   E.  FRANCIS,  L.  U.  101,  Baltimore, 

Md. 
ALEXANDER    GALLOWAY,    L.    U.    1149,    San 

Francisco,    Calif. 
MICHAEL  P.  GILLIS,  L.  U.  67,  Boston,  Mass. 
RUSSELL   GOFF,  L.  U.  335.  Grand   Rapids, 

Mich. 

FRANK  GOLDEN,  L.  U.  608,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
JOSEPH  GOLDIS,  L.  U.  67,  Boston,  Mass. 
ARTHUR  GREENING,  L.  U.  322,  Niagara  Falls, 

N.  Y. 
P.  GREGERSON,  L.  U.  740,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
JOHN   HARKINS,  L.  U.  808,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
WM.  F.  HATMAN,  L.  U.  749,  Tombstone,  Ariz. 
FRED  JUST,  L.  U.  282,  Jersey   City,  N.  J. 
JOHN   A.  KENNEDY,  L.  U.  488,  New   York, 

N.  Y. 
JACOB    KEPPEL,    L.    U.    462,    Greensburg,    Pa. 
HORACE  A.  KERSEY,  L.  U.  696,  Tampa,  Fla. 
H.  KNOSP,  L.  U.  740,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
JOSEPH   KOCH,  L.  U.  337,  Detroit,   Mich. 

EDWARD    KRIEDER,   L.   U.   584,   New   Orleans, 
La. 


CARL  KULLMANN,  L.  U.  282,  Jersey   City, 

N.  J. 
JAMES   LASH,  L.   U.   142,   Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
J.  M.  LEWIS,  L.  U.  2061,  Austin,  Minn. 
T.  J.  LUCAS,  L.  U.  875,  Panama  City,  Fl.a 
W.    R.    MCCULLOUGH,    L.    U.    1371,    Gadsden, 

Ala. 
EDWARD    MANDEVILLE,    L.    U.    801,    Woon- 

socket,  R.  I. 
WALTER  MASON,  L.  U.  101,  Baltimore,  Md. 
SAMUEL  E.  MASSON,  L.  U.  132,  Washington, 

D.  C. 
DAVID    MATTICE,    L.   U.   322,    Niagara   Falls, 

N.  Y. 
HANNES    MATTSON,    L.    U.   488,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 
D.  F.  MILLISON,  L.  U.  268,  Sharon,  Pa. 
JAMES  B.  MOGEL,  L.  U.  1491,  Royersford,  Pa. 
HY    MUENSTERMAN,    L.    U.    90,     Evansville, 

Ind. 
HERMAN  OLSEN,  L.  U.  488,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
PAUL    A.     PANZER,     L.    U.    824,     Muskegon, 

Mich. 
EUGENE     PATRY,     L.    U.    93,    Ottawa,     Ont., 

Canada 
NILS  PETERSON,  L.  U.  298,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
GEORGE   PORTER,   L.  U.  470,  Tacoma,   Wash. 
MEYER  RIFKIN,  L.  U.  132,  Washington,  D.  C. 
JOHN  P.  RINK,  L.  U.  261,  Scranton,  Pa. 
WILLIAM    ROSS    Jr.,    L.    U.    298,    New    York, 

N.   Y. 
CHRIS  SCHMIDT,  L.  U.  282,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
GUSTAVE    SCHOBER,     L.    U.    808,    Brooklyn, 

N.  Y. 
JOHN   SEATER,  L.  U.   132,  Washington,  D.  C. 
ALBERT  SHEARD,  L.  U.  366,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
NATHAN    SILVERMAN,   L.   U.  2288,  Los   An- 

geles,  Cal. 
PETER  O.  STARK,  L.  U.  1636,  Whiting,  Ind. 
TOM  SWANSON,  L.  U.  488,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
MORRIS  TAUBER,  L.  U.  608,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
HENRY  J.  THIELE,  L.  U.  165,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
GEORGE   H.   THOMAS,   L.   U.   165,  Pittsburgh, 

Pa. 
OLIE  H.  TYLER,  L.  U.  132,  Washington,  D.  C. 
CHARLES  A.  VINTON,  L.  U.  268,  Sharon,  Pa. 
ARTHUR  WELLS,  L.  U.  43,  Hartford,  Conn. 
J.  EARL  WIEGARD,  L.  U.  211,  Pittsburgh, 
Pa. 


30  THE    CARPENTER 

ANSWERS   TO   "THE   LOCKER" 

1.  60  degrees, 

2.  15.    The  hjpotenuse  is  is  the  side  of  a  triangle  opposite  the  right  angle. 

3.  Square.  Oblong.  Rhombus,  Rhomboid.  A  parallelogram  is  a  four-sided  figiire  whose 
opposite  sides  are  parallel.  A  rhombus  may  be  explained  as  a  square  \^Tecked  out  of 
shape.    A  rhomboid  is  an  oblong  similarly  distorted, 

4.  90  degrees.    The  3  angles  of  aU  triangles  always  total  ISO  degrees. 

5.  12. 

6.  The  Lou^"re— Paris,  France.  St.  Mark's— Venice,  Italy.  The  Taj  Mahal— Agra,  India. 
The  Parthenon— Athens,  Greece.  The  Alhambra— Granada,  Spain.  The  Lou\Te  was 
built  as  a  royal  palace  and  is  now  a  museum.  St.  Mark's  Cathedral  is  of  t>-pical  B^^zan- 
tine  design.  The  Taj  Mahal  is  a  marble  tomb,  built  for  a  sultan's  wife  around  the 
year  1600.  It  is  considered  by  many  to  be  the  most  beautiful  building  in  the  world. 
The  Parthenon  is  a  former  Greek  temple  built  around  438  B.  C.  Like  the  Taj  Mahal 
this  is  often  cited  as  the  perfection  of  architecture,  and  is  Doric  in  st>"le.  Tne  Alham- 
bra, built  around  1300,  is  t>-pical  of  Moorish  design. 

7.  Bas-relief,    (pronounced  ba-rehef).    Meaning  low  rehef  or  projection. 

8.  Doric.   A  Doric  column  generally  has  no  base  and  the  capital  has  no  volutes  or  fohage. 

9.  The  principle  front  or  face. 

10.  Campanile.    The  Leaning  Tower  of  Pisa  was  built  as  a  campanile.    The  Metropohtan 
tower  in  New  York  is  copied  from  St.  Mark's  campanile  in  Venice. 

11.  A  batter  wall  slopes  inward  as  in  a  retaining  or  sea  waU. 

12.  A  bench  mark  is  a  permanent  check  mark  usually  fixed  by  instruments.    Height  meas- 
urements are  taken  from  it  while  the  building  is  under  construction. 

13.  Either  a  mason  or  bricklayer.    Filling  in  masonn.^  joints  is  called  pointing. 

14.  A  hammer  and  cold  chisel.   A  chase  in  a  wall  is  a  groove  made  to  contain  a  pipe  etc. 

15.  On  the  angle  of  the  outside  walls.    The  most  usual  form  of  quoin  is  a  stone  comer 
block  set  in  a  brick  building. 

16.  One.    A  bareface  tenon  has  one  face  flush  with  the  surface  of  the  rail. 

17.  Next  below  the  top  rail.    CommorJy  seen  on  so-called  Colonial  doors. 

18.  The  cover  plate.    The  part  you  remove  to  change  the  hand. 

19.  Sheathing  which  has  the  tongue  and  groove  in  the  exact  center.    .Any  face  of  the  board 
may,  be  tiomed  up  and  still  have  a  flush  surface. 

20.  A  drawknife. 

21.  A  square,  pointed  spike  with  a  lug  on  one  end.    They  are  driven  through  the  masonr\' 
joints  and  are  commonly  vised  to  secure  do\\"nspouts  or  leaders. 

22.  On  the  exit  doors  of  public  buildings.    Pressure  on  a  horizontal  bar  automatically  re- 
leases the  bolt,  providing  quick  and  easy  exit, 

23.  Soss.   It  is  invisible  when  the  door  is  closed. 

24.  A  dowel  screw  has  no  head  and  is  threaded  on  both  ends. 

25.  A  lock  without  a  latch.    The  dead  bolt  secmres  the  door. 

26.  10  feet  by  20  feet.   The  width  is  one  third  the  length  of  half  the  perimeter.    This  gives 
you  10  ft.    Kno\%"ing  that  you  know  the  rest. 

27.  60  cents.    12  cents  a  cut  for  5  cuts. 

28.  900  s.  ft.    33  ft.  4  ins.  equals  33^3   feet.    33%   is  one  third  of  100.    Multiply  2T  by 
adding  2  zeros.   Divide  by  3  and  there  it  is. 

29.  5  per  cent.   One  t\ventieth  of  the  members  are  apprentices.    One  twentieth  of  100  is  5. 

30.  288  s.  ins.   2  s.  ft.  is  2  s.  ft.  2  feet  square  is  4  s.  ft.   Tfie  difference  is  2  s.  ft.  or  288  s.  in. 

The  64  DoUax  Question 
This  question  should  be  in  the  Mental  Arithmetic  section.    The  space  taken  up  by  the 
grooves  is  2^2  inches  \%ide.    From  start  to  finish  the  needle  moves  in  an  almost  straight 
line  across  the  width  of  the  grooves.   Therefore  the  answer  is  2^  inches. 


CorrQspondQncQ 


This  Journal  Is  Not  Responsible  for  Views  Expressed  by  Correspondents. 
A  GRAND  GESTURE 

(Reprinted  from  the  St.  Louis  Labor  Tribune) 

A  group  of  "freshmen"  members  of  local  unions  affiliated  with  the  St.  Louis  Carpenters 
District  Council,  is  undertaking  to  raise  $1,000  to  provide  "folding"  money  for  retired  "Old 
Grads"  who  live  at  the  Carpenters  Home  at  Lakeland,  Florida.  So  that  every  member  of 
the  ten  locals  affiliated  wdth  the  Council  with  its  more  than  7,000  members  may  know 
the  reason  for  this  fund,  here  is  the  story  in  sequence. 

Last  summer  the  Labor  Tribune  published  a  human  interest  story  which  later  was 
widely  reprinted.  It  concerned  Herman  Joern,  age  85,  a  retired  union  Carpenter,  who  for 
the  past  ten  years  has  been  living  at  the  Carpenters  Home  at  Lakeland,  Florida. 

Joern  visited  St.  Louis,  attended  union  meeting,  and  made  the  rounds  with  various 
agents  of  the  Carpenters  Council  to  talk  to  the  men  on  the  job  and  renew  acquaintances 
with  some  of  tlie  old-timers  with  whom  he  had  worked. 

The  spry  old  veteran,  who  joined  the  union  in  its  formulative  years  and  underwent  the 
struggles,  the  victories  and  the  defeats  which  eventually  gained  the  high  wages  and  work- 
ing conditions  the  younger  members  who 
came  after  him  are  now  enjoying,  was  a 
walking  publicity  man  for  the  great  un- 
ion which  takes  such  good  care  of  its 
members. 

Joern  told  of  the  contentment  and  lei- 
surely existence  that  several  hundred 
members  in  the  sundown  of  life  are  hv- 
ing  at  the  magnificent  home  in  Florida. 
They  virtually  have  everything  they  need 
except  ready  cash,  spending  money  that 
is.  Some  of  the  members  have  some 
money  in  the  bank  and  some  have  other 
minor  sources  of  income,  having  man- 
aged to  save  something  for  the  "rainy 
day"  through  sober,  frugal  living.  Otliers 
were  not  that  fortunate.  While  some  get 
social  security  in  limited  amounts,  the 
payments  are  meager  because  they 
reached  the  age  of  retirement  in  the 
early  years  of  the  act.  Joern,  incidental- 
ly is  among  tlie  fortunate  group  who  can 
jingle  coins  in  their  pockets.  However, 
there  are  others  who  are  not  in  that  good 
situation. 

Some  weeks  ago  a  group  of  young- 
sters in  the  Carpenters  organization  here 
were  discussing  Joern  and  the  Lakeland 
"Dick"  Adams  who  is  a  friend  of  Joern 
Adams  mentioned  that 


Labor  Tribune  Photo 

It  was  a  grand  night  for  the  old-timers  down  at 
the  Carpenters  Home  for  retired  members  at  Lake- 
land, Florida,  as  St.  Louis  Carpenters  tallied  up 
gifts  to  provide  the  fellows  w^ith  some  "Christmas 
money"  for  "smokin's"  and  other  items  they  might 
need.  Here's  the  group  with  the  sizeable  stacks  of 
"Greenbacks"  and  silver  ready  to  send  to  Florida. 
Seated,  left  to  right,  are:  St.  Louis  Carpenters 
District  Council  Agents  Roy  Krehmeyer  and  D. 
Richard  "Dick"  Adams,  Pete  Singer  counting  the 
money,  and  Leo  Miller.  Standing,  left  to  right,  are: 
Carpenters  District  Business  Agents  Henry  Wein- 
reich  and  William  McDaniel  and  Secretary-Treas- 
urer Erwin   C.  Meinert. 


Home  with  Business  Representative  D.  Richard 
and  took  him  along  on  his  daily  routine  when  he  visited  the  city 
while  most  of  the  old-timers  at  the  Home  had  some  source  of  "folding  money"  Joern  told 
him  that  there  were  others  who  had  no  cash  income  whatever.  Adams  suggested  it  would 
be  a  splendid  gesture  on  the  part  of  St.  Louis  members  to  raise  a  purse  to  help  such  indi- 
gent old-timers  who  like  to  go  to  town  occasionally  with  a  httle  cash  in  their  pockets. 


32  THE    CARPENTER 

Because  he  was  thoroughly  famihar  with  the  personal  idios}"ncracies  and  financial  needs 
of  brothers  at  the  Home,  Joem  was  contacted  bj'  Adams  and  agreed  to  distribute  such  a 
fund  according  to  needs  and  personal  directions  of  his  fellow  guests. 

A  four-man  committee  consisting  of  Adams,  Leo  Miller  and  Pete  Singer,  of  Local  Xo. 
5,  and  Kenneth  Snyder  of  Local  47,  the  last  three  in  their  20's  and  recent  graduated 
apprentices,  thought  it  would  be  a  fine  gesture  to  raise  a  "Idtt^^"  for  these  old  timers  %vho 
paved  the  smooth  road  for  them  and  other  yoimgsters  in  the  movement.  A  goal  of  $1,000 
was  set.  Sohcitations  were  made  at  some  meetings  and  the  response  was  generous.  .Although 
attendance  at  this  time  of  the  year  is  unusually  low  because  of  the  proximity"  of  the  holi- 
days, a  httle  over  one-fourth  of  the" stated  objective  was  reached.  At  one  meeting,  22  mem- 
bers donated  S22. 

The  committee  decided  to  make  its  supreme  effort  at  the  coming  Called  Quarterly 
meetings  which  are  held  in  January-  when  attendance  in  some  unions  is  compulsor>'.  All 
members  of  the  10  Carpenter  Locals  affihated  ^^ith  tlie  St.  Louis  Carpenters  District 
Council  who  \vt]1  attend  these  meetings,  \^"ill  be  asked  to  contribute  something,  and  show 
the  old  veterans  that  the  younger  members  are  grateful  to  them  for  their  pioneering. 

From  your  hoHday  donations  resen'e  a  Httle  loose  change  for  the  old-timers  at  Lakeland 
and  make  them  aware  of  the  fact  that  the  boys  in  St.  Lotiis  remember  even  the  least  of 
them  in  the  spirit  of  true  brotherhood.  That's  the  best  way  of  viishing  those  old-timers 
who  have  so  little  time  left  a  "Happy"  and  "Prosperous"  1950. 

• 

MT.  VERNON,  N.  Y.,  LOCAL  >LAEIKS   60th  MILESTONE 

Saturday  evening,  October  29th.  Tvom  Hall.  Mt.  Vernon,  New  York,  was  decked  out 
in  its  finest  as  Local  Union  No.  493  of  that  cit\'  celebrated  the  sixtieth  anniversary'  of  its 
founding  wth  a  gala  dinner  dance.  Some  430  members,  famihes,  and  friends  were  on 
hand  to  make  the  event  a  memorable  one. 

It  was  away  back  in  1889  that  a  group  of  dissatisfied  carpenters  in  the  ^■icinit^•  decided 
that  something  should  be  done  about  their  miserable  wages  and  working  conditions.  The 
result  was  formation  of  a  local  union.  Todav's  comparatively  fine  wages  and  working  con- 
ditions are  in  a  large  part  the  result  of  that  union's  efforts;  which  accounts  for  the  pride 
which  all  members  felt  as  they  celebrated  the  union's  sixtieth  birthday. 

Brother  Nils  Larson  acted  as  toastmaster  for  the  occasion  and  he  did  a  ven,-  credi- 
table job.  Charles  W.  Hanson,  president  of  the  New  York  Cit\"  District  Council  extended 
greetings  from  the  General  OfBce  as  well  as  from  the  membership  of  his  council.  He  also 
paid  a  nice  tribute  to  the  pensioners  and  their  wives  who  were  able  to  be  present.  Robert 
Bowker,  President  of  the  Westchester  County  District  Council  also  ex-tended  greetings 
and  hoped  that  all  locals  would  eventuallv  be  able  to  hold  a  similar  affair.  Following  a 
splendid-  turkev  dinner  with  all  the  trimmings,  dancing  was  enjoyed  until  a  late  hour. 

Chairman  Larson  thanked  entertainment  committee  members  J.  Alexander,  F.  Bates, 
M.  J.  Warren.  J.  L.  Corcione,  J.  A.  Reinhardt,  D.  Rose,  A.  Hamilton.  W.  Weir,  C.  T. 
Letson.  A.  \'acca,  R.  Barletta,  and  J.  McElroy,  as  well  as  S.  Nolan,  for  their  fine  coopera- 
tion in  making  the  celebration  the  great  success  it  was. 

• 

PL-EBLO  -\L\RKS  GOLDEN  JUBILEE 

On  Sunda}\  September  18th,  Local  Union  No.  362,  Pueblo,  Colo.,  celebrated  its 
Golden  Jubilee  with  a  mammoth  barbecue  and  picnic  at  Cit}'  Park  PaviHon.  Some  250 
friends,  members  and  guests  were  on  hand  to  help  the  union  mark  the  completion  of  its 
first  half  centurv  of  progress.  Food  and  refreshments  abounded  and  if  anyone  attending 
failed  to  have  a  good  time  it  was  entirely  his  own  fault. 

Honored  guest  of  the  event  was  Brother  Sylvester  De Spain,  only  remaining  charter 
member  of  Local  No.  362.  As  a  slight  token  of  appreciation  for  his  long  and  honorable 
record,  Brother  DeSpain  was  presented  with  an  honorarium  of  Fi£t\'  Dollars— a  dollar  for 
each  vear  he  has  been  a  member  of  the  union.  Wilharn  Zittle,  President  of  the  union, 
acted  as  master  of  ceremonies.  Guest  speaker  was  R.  E.  Roberts,  General  Executive  Board 
Member.  Following  the  excellent  barbecue,  the  picture  "The  Carpenters'  Home,"  pro- 
duced under  authorization  of  the  General  Executive  Board  and  showing  the  Lakeland 
home  in  operation,  was  presented  to  the  audience  which  found  it  extremely  interesting. 

Following  a  program  of  entertaiimient,  dancing  was  enjoved  by  young  and  old  until 
midnight.  .All  departed  with  a  feeHng  of  well  being  and  a  sense  of  pride  in  tl^e  accom- 
phshments  of  Local  Union  No.  362. 


THE    CARPENTER  33 

AN  UNUSUAL  TRIBUTE 
Recently  Local  Union  No.  246,  New  York  City  received  an  unusual  letter  from  Brother 
H.  E.  Nelson,  Recording  Secretary  of  Local  Union  No.  299,  Union  City,  N.  J.    Since  it 
is  self-explanatory  it  needs  no  comment  and  is  herewith  reprinted  in  full: 

LOCAL  UNION  No.  299 
Union  City,  New  Jersey 

Local  Union  No.  246, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Dear  Sirs  and  Brothers: 

We  believe  this  letter  is  unusual,  but  it  merits  the  attention  of  your  local. 

The  members  who  are  employed  by  Whitebow  on  Lever  Brothers  job  at 
Edgewater,  N.  J.  wish  to  congratulate  your  local  for  the  manner  in  which  the 
foreman,  Brotlier  S.  P.  Afte  of  7001  Ridge  Boulevard,  Brooklyn,  is  conduct- 
ing the  activities  of  the  men  on  this  job.  He  is  familiar  with  the  work  and 
keeps  a  watchfuU  eye  to  see  that  other  trades  do  not  take  over  work  that  be- 
longs to  our  organization. 

We  highly  recommend  him  as  a  square  shooter. 

Fraternally  yours, 

H.  E.  Nelson 


EVANSVILLE  HONORS  ITS  APPRENTICES 

To  honor  the  fine  group  of  young  men  taking  apprenticeship  training,  the  Evansville, 
Indiana,  Carpenters  Joint  Apprenticeship  Committee  on  the  night  of  August  10  sponsored 
a  testmonial  dinner  at  Carpenters  Hall.  With  a  host  of  school  officials,  management  rep- 
resentatives, and  officers  and  members  of  Local  Union  No.  90  present,  the  evening  proved 
to  be  a  great  success.  It  is  the  hope  of  the  committee  that  this  will  prove  to  be  the  first  of 
many  similar  annual  affairs. 

Speakers  during  the  evening  included:  Ralph  Becker,  Superintendent  of  PubUc  Instruc- 
tion; Athur  Eberlin,  Secretary  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce;  Tom  Hutson,  Indiana  Labor 
Commissioner;  Cecil  Shuey,  United  Brotherhood  International  Representative;  and  ElUott 
French,  Field  Supervisor,  Bureau  of  Apprenticeship,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Labor.  Four  grad- 
uating apprentices— Chester  Deutsch,  W.  C.  Wink,  D.  K.  Wedeking  and  A.  L.  Koester— 
received  their  journeymen's  certificates  with  appropriate  ceremonies.  Able  speakers,  fine 
food  and  plenty  of  good  fellowship  all  contributed  to  the  great  success  of  the  evening. 


CALGARY  LOCAL  FETES  AFL  DELEGATES 

Local  Union  1770  of  Calgary,  Alberta  wishes  to  take  this  opportunity  to  thank  General 
President  William  L.  Hutcheson  for  the  loan  of  the  films,  "This  is  Our  Brotherhood"  and 
"Carpenter's  Home." 

The  pictures  were  showm  on  the  occasion  of  a  chicken  supper  given  to  the  Carpenter 
Delegates,  and  2nd  Vice-President  John  Stevenson,  and  Executive  Board  member  Arthur 
Martell  who  were  attending  the  64th  Annual  Convention  of  the  Trades  and  Labor  Con- 
gress of  Canada. 

The  occasion  was  marked  by  the  presentation  of  a  Tam-O-Shanter  to  Vice-President 
John  Stevenson,  by  Brother  Muit  Charlton,  President  of  Local  1779.  The  members  of  Local 
1779  realized  that  Brother  Stevenson  would  very  much  appreciate  this  small  symbol  of 
his  native  Scotland,  especially  when  he  has  been  so  long  removed  from  such  things  in  his 
land  of  adoption. 

Vice-President  Stevenson  and  Honorable  Humphrey  Mitchell,  Minister  of  Labor  for 
Canada,  gave  short  addresses  before  the  films  were  shown.  It  is  the  hope  of  all  who  saw 
the  picture  to  have  it  shown  to  every  Local  Union  in  tliis  part  of  Canada.  We  consider  it 
the  type  of  education  necessary  to  cement  the  bond  of  fellowship  already  existing  in  our 
Brotherhood.  Many  of  the  younger  members  of  the  Brotherhood  may  tlius  be  made  to 
reaUze  the  value  of  remaining  a  member  in  good  standing. 


34 


THE    CARPENTER 


Following  the  showing  of  the  films,  a  dance  was  held  to  round  out  the  evening.  It  is  the 
belief  and  hope  of  aU  the  members  of  Local  1779  that  all  of  our  guests  had  a  pleasant 
time  in  Calgary  and  we  wish  to  see  them  all  again  sometime  soon. 


CHICAGO  BROTHER  FINDS  ISRAEL  UP  AND  COMING 

Late  last  summer  some  fift)--five  trade  union  delegates  left  Newark  Airport  for  a  three 
weeks  tour  of  the  world's  yoimgest  democratic  nation— Israel.  The  trip  was  made  at  the 
invitation  of  Histudrat,  IsraeU  labor  movement.  Among  the  Americans  making  the  trip 
was  Brother  Charles  Holzman,  business  agent,  Local  Union  No.  1539,  Chicago.  Upon  his 
return  to  tlie  United  States,  Brother  Holzman  had  a  very  interesting  story  to  tell  of  heroic 
eflFort  being  made  by  the  working  people  of  Israel  to  build  a  sohd  and  democratic  nation 
on  the  American  pattern. 

Over  ninety  per  cent  of  the  workers  and 
farmers  of  Israel  belong  to  Histudrat,  the 
Israel  Federation  of  Labor,  Brother  Holzman 
reported. 

In  its  twenty-five  year  history  Histudrat 
has  done  a  remarkable  job  of  improving 
wages  and  conditions.  Arabs  and  Jews  ahke 
belong  to  the  organization  and  are  eligible 
to  hold  office.  Farmers  are  likewise  ehgible 
to  belong.  Particularly  the  Arabs  have  bene- 
fited through  the  efforts  of  the  union.  From 
virtual  slaves  working  for  a  few  cents  a  day 
they  have  been  elevated  to  free  and  inde- 
pendent union  workmen  getting  from  six  to 
eight  dollars  per  day. 

According  to  Brotlier  Holzman,  Histudrat 
takes  fine  care  of  its  members.  Hospitali- 
zation and  sick  benefits  tide  members  over 
unfortunate  periods.  The  Union  provides 
vocational  courses,  leadership  courses,  kinder- 
gartens and  elementary  schools,  and  even 
sports  clubs.  Paid  vacations  have  been  estab- 
lished throughout  most  of  industry.  Democ- 
racy is  the  foundationstone  of  the  union.  In  less  than  a  year,  some  280,000  immigrants, 
mostly  from  European  DP  camps  were  integrated  into  the  Israel  society. 

Brother  Holzman  sums  up  his  whole  iinpression  of  Israel  in  a  few  words;  "The  people 
want  to  build  a  country  as  much  like  the  United  States  as  possible." 


Charles  Holzman,  business  agent,  Local 
Union  No.  1539,  Chicago,  (left)  presents 
a  gold  plaque  to  Israeli  acting  president 
Joseph  Shprinzak  (right),  while  a  veteran 
of  the  Israeli  army  from  Motele,  Russia, 
the  birthplace  of  president  Chaim  Weitz- 
man,  looks  on  (center).  Shrinzak  was  for- 
merly secretary  of  the  Israeli  Federation  - 
of  Labor. 


HOUSTON  LOCAL  PAYS  TRIBUTE  TO  GREAT  OLD  TIMER 

Local  Union  No.  213,  Houston,  Texas,  recently  paid 
tribute  to  one  of  its  grand  old  members  who  has  chalked 
up  an  emdable  record  in  the  labor  movement.  The  member 
so  honored  was  Brother  J.  H.  White. 

Brother  White  joined  the  United  Brotherhood  at  the 
age  of  nineteen  at  Paducah,  Kentucky.  That  was  away 
back  in  1904.  Since  then  he  has  maintained  continuous 
membership.  Today  he  is  still  one  of  the  most  active 
union  men  in  the  southwest.  He  works  every  day  and 
keeps  up  \\ath  men  who  are  many  years  his  junior.  His 
ad\ice  and  council  on  union  matters  hold  the  respect 
of  all  union  people  in  the  territory.  In  a  recent  letter  to 
"The  Carpenter,"  Fred  Lucas,  Recording  Secretary  of  Local 
No.  213,  said  of  Brother  ^^'hite:  "Former  President  J.  C. 
Sparks,  Sr.,  joins  me  in  commending  Brother  White  as 
one  of  the  best  members  of  organized  labor  that  we  have 
had  the  pleasure  of  coming  in  contact  with." 


Brother  J.  H.  WHITE 


THE    CARPENTER 


35 


BATTLE  CREEK  LOCAL  AND  AUXILIARY  HONOR  THEIR  LONG  TIME  MEMBERS 

On  Saturday,  October  29th,  in  the  presence  of  some  250  members,  guests,  and  friends 
of  Carpenters  Local  No.  871  and  Auxihary  No.  42,  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  a  fried  chicken 
dinner  with  all  the  trimmings  was  served  in  Carpenters'  Hall.  The  Hall  was  decorated  in  a 
Halloween  motif  by  members  of  Auxiliary  No.  42.  At  this  time,  special  tribute  was  paid 
to  twenty-two  members  of  Local  No.  871  who  have  held  continuous  membership  for 
twenty  years  or  more,  and  to  six  members  of  Auxiliary  No.  42  who  have  held  continuous 
membership  for  twenty-five  years  or  longer. 

Troy  L.  Shook,  Business  Agent  and  Financial  Secretary,  acted  as  Master  of  Ceremonies 
and  presented  these  members  with  pins  of  the  United  Brotherhood,  and  pictures  of  the 
group.  Music  was  fiu-nished  for  tliose  who  wanted  to  dance  by  a  committee  composed 
of  Brother  Charles  Holcomb  and  Brother  Ivan  Oberg.  Party  arrangements  were  made  by 
ihe  following  committees:  Local  No.  871— Anton  Ramon,  George  Wedig,  and  Troy  Shook; 
Auxiliary  No.  42— Mrs.  Pauline  Eisinger,  Mrs.  Albert  Hickman,  and  Mrs.  Fred  Reams. 


Pictured  above,  seated  left  to  right:  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Joe  Karlovsky  31  years;  Mrs.  Rose 
Eager  29  years;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Fred  Reams  32  years;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Russell  Galbreath  30 
years;  Ed  Willis  32  years;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ed  Eisinger  31  years;  Mr.  and  Mrs.  James  Mit- 
chell; and  Art  Jenison  25  years.  Standing  left  to  right:  Burley  Gault  23  years;  Glenn  Tap- 
pan  22  years;  George  Spriggs  32  years;  Harry  Forsythe  33  years;  George  Dodge  25  years; 
Martin  Karlovsky  32  years;  Charles  Aurand  33  years;  Harry  Berge  40  years;  Troy  L.  Shook 
21  years;  Edward  Hansen  29  years;  John  Frey  23  years;  Roy  Harlan  31  years;  and  John 
Fuller  35  years.  Two  members  were  not  present  due  to  illness:  Link  A.  Fruin  42  years  and 
Byran  Hoyt  40  years. 


CARPENTERS  COME  TOUGH 

If  any  proof  is  needed  that  carpenters  are  rugged,  hardy 
individuals.  Brother  George  Amos  Rice  of  Local  Union  470, 
Tacoma,  Wash.,  supplies  it  with  the  accompanying  photo- 
graph. Eighty-one  years  old  and  a  member  of  United  Broth- 
erhood since  1900,  Brother  Rice  is  still  an  ardent  skier.  To 
any  skier  that  statement  is  enough,  but  to  tliose  who  are  not 
acquainted  with  the  waxed  boards,  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say 
that  skiing  is  one  of  the  most  rugged  sports  in  existence.  When 
e\er  anyone  will  take  him,  Brother  Rice  can  be  found  zipping 
down  the  snowy  slopes  of  Mount  Rainier.  Now  a  pensioned 
member.  Brother  Rice  farms  four  acres  of  raspberries  in  tlie 
Puyallup  Valley. 


36 


THE    CARPENTER 


ILLINOIS  CARPENTERS  GO  BACK  TO  SCHOOL 

Late  in  November,  some  forty  representatives  of  organized  labor  in  Illinois  gathered 
at  Champaign-Urbana  for  an  intensive  two-day  conference  on  central  body  activities  spon- 
sored by  tlie  Institute  of  Industrial  Relations  of  the  University  of  IlHnois.    Object  of  tlie 


Carpenters  attending  the  Conference  on  Central  Labor  Union  Activties  at  the  L^niver- 
sity  of  Illinois  pose  with  E.  L.  PhilUps,  (left)  of  the  University  Institute  of  Labor  and  In- 
dustrial Relations.  They  are:  R.  H.  Hanson,  Local  No.  181,  Chicago;  Wm.  Archdeacon, 
Local  No.  44,  Urbana;  and  Stanley  Johnson,  Chicago  District  Counci!,  who  also  ser\'ed  as 
consultant  to  the  committee  of  legislation. 

conference  was  to  study  ways  and  means  of  increasing  the  effectiveness  of  central  bodies 
in  such  important  union  matters  as  public  relations,  community  activities,  political  action, 
labor  education,  and  cooperation  with  state  schools.  Several  members  of  the  United  Brotli- 
erhood  were  among  those  attending  the  sessions. 


SAN  RAFAEL  DEDICATES  BEAUTIFUL  NEW  HOME 


Some  sixt>'-eight  years   ago   a   small   group   of  progressi\"e    carpenters    got   together  in 
San  Rafael,  Cal.,  for  tlie  purpose  of  forming  a  union  to  combat   abominable  wages  and 


THE    CARPENTER 


87 


working  conditions  that  existed  at  that  time.  Within  a  few  weeks  they  recieved  their 
charter  from  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America.  Through 
booms,  depressions,  war  and  peace  that  local  union  they  founded  has  expanded  and 
grown  until  today  Local  Union  No.  35  stands  as  one  of  the  most  respected  labor  organ- 
izations on  tlie  Pacific  Coast.  The  way  was  not  always  easy  but  the  Union  never  backed 
up.  All  the  original  old  timers  are  now  gone,  but  the  seeds  of  unionism  they  planted  are 
still  bearing  much  fruit. 

On  Saturday,  November  5th,  San  Rafael  Local  Union  No.  35  reached  a  monentous 
milestone  when  it  officially  dedicated  its  beautiful  new  home.  Located  on  Lindaro  Street, 
the  union's  new  building  is  a  masterpiece  of  modern  construction.  The  fact  that  the 
members  turned  out  to  do  the  work  in  building  it  adds  considerably  to  their  pride  of 
ownership. 

Featuring  a  meeting  hall  large  enough  to  seat  600,  the  home  provides  every  facility 
for  efficient  conduct  of  the  union's  business. 

Opening  with  a  joint  meeting  of  Local  Union  No.  35  and  Ladies  Auxiliary,  the  dedi- 
catory ceremonies  got  under  way  at  two  p.  m.  Numerous  distinguished  guests  from  both 
within  and  without  the  ranks  of  organized  labor  were  on  hand  to  help  make  the  occasion 
a  grand  success.  In  the  evening  a  dance  was  held  in  the  new  hall.  Free  refreshments 
added  greatly  to  the  pleasure  of  all.  It  was  a  late  hour  when  the  party  was  over  and 
everyone  departed  proud  of  Local  Union  No.  35  and  its  new  home. 


ELGIN,  ILL.,  LOCAL  CELEBRATES  50th  BIRTHDAY 

Local  No.  363,  Elgin,  Illinois,  held  a  picnic  in  honor  of  its  50th  Anniversary,  September 
17,  1949,  at  Niss  Park,  two  miles  east  of  Elgin. 

Attendance  was  near  the  three  hundred  mark.  Included  were  friends  and  guests  of  the 
organization,  which  was  founded  September  4,  1889  by  ten  charter  members,  all  of  whom 
are  now  deceased.  The  oldest  living  member  present  on  this  occasion  was  the  elevendi  to 
join  the  organization.  He  is  Henry  Krumnfusz  residing  at  101  So.  Liberty  Street,  Elgin,  111. 
He  was  introduced  and  presented  with 

a  fine  black  calfskin  billfold  containing      IBHIHHH^  ^1 

a  check  for  $50.00  in  behalf  of  his  long 
years  of  membership.  He  served  as  pres- 
ident of  the  Local  for  several  terms  and 
had  filled  all  other  offices  of  the  Union 
except  that  of  financial  secretary. 

There  are  also  within  the  organization 
twelve  members  with  thirty  or  more 
years  service,  who  with  Brother  Krumn- 
fusz have  watched  the  Union  progress  to 
shorter  working  hours,  better  Labor- 
Management  relations,  negotiated  con- 
tracts, increased  wages  and  the  many  ad- 
vantages to  all  labor.    The  encouraging 

of  the  apprentice  program  has  resulted  in  the  graduation  of  approximately  fifty  Apprentice 
Carpenters  within  the  last  three  years.  Community  interests  and  public  welfare  have  always 
been  met  with  the  fullest  cooperation  by  the  Union. 

Among  the  many  friends  and  guests  who  were  present  and  introduced  was  George 
Ottens,  President  of  the  Illinois  State  Council  of  Carpenters,  who  gave  a  short  address 
commending  the  Local  for  its  splendid  turnout  and  its  prevailing  good  fellowship,  and 
praising  the  organization  for  its  steady  growth  and  good  will. 

Activities  of  the  afternoon  included  several  ball  games,  horse  shoe  pitching  contests, 
music  and  singing  and  other  entertainment  promoted  by  Chairman  Victor  Swanson  and 
his  committee.  Part  of  the  success  of  the  day  was  a  chicken  dinner  and  tlie  awarding  of 
an  attendance  prize. 

A  colored  motion  picture  was  taken  of  the  entire  picnic  to  be  shown  to  members  at  a 
later  meeting. 


WARM  SPRINGS  AUXILLARY  BUILDS   COMMUNITY  SPIRIT 

The  Editor: 

Holiday  greetings  and  best  wishes  to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Ladies  Auxiliarj'  No.  514, 
Warm  Springs,  Ore. 

On  October  8.  1949,  we  celebrated  our  first  anniversar>\  There  are  about  40  members  in 
our  Auxiliary'  and  our  activities  are  varied.  We  meet  the  1st  and  ord  Thursday  evenings. 
The  first  is  our  biisiness  meeting  and  the  other  our  social,  preceded  by  a  short  business 
session  when  necessar>". 

On  the  4th  Saturday  night  of  each  month  we  ser."e  a  luncheon  to  the  rnen  of  Local  Union 
2941,  Lumber  and  Sa\^Tmll  Workers,  following  their  meeting.  We  usually  tr>-  to  ha\'e  some 
form  of  entertainment  for  them. 

Being  13  miles  from  towTi  we  are  fortunate  in  having  a  lovely  (to  usj  hall.  Shadow  Haven, 
built  by  the  men  of  this  sa\^Tnill  camp  less  than  a  year  ago.  It  is  bus>-  ever>^  day  of  the  week 
and  is  headquarters  for  communit>'  acti\ities. 

This  past  summer  our  Auxiliary-  sponsored  a  Softball  team  for  its  members  and  they  en- 
joyed a  most  successful  season.  At  present  we  have  a  ladies  basketball  team  which  we  play- 
ers and  sponsors  hope  \%ill  enjoy  the  same  success.  Besides  sponsoring  the  athletic  teams 
we  recently  voted  to  sponsor  a  Cub  Scout  Pack  in  conjunction  with  L.  U.  2941,  which 
is  sponsoring  a  Boy  Scout  troop  (No.  38;  and  enjo>ing  wonderfiil  success  as  this  troop  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  this  entire  area. 

We  gave  to  the  Communit>'  Chest  and  are  planning  a  Christmas  program  again  this 
year,  complete  with  Santa,  for  the  enjo>-ment  of  all  the  >"oung  and  old  kids. 

We  recently  ga%'e  a  rummage  sale,  and  we  have  dances,  card  parties,  food  baskets,  etc. 

The  members  of  Au.xihar>-  514  will  enjoy  hearing  from  other  AuxiHaries  and  would 
like  a  chance  to  challenge  them  in  a  game  of  basketball. 

'  Fraternally, 

Marjories  Lewis,  Pubhcit>'  Chairman. 


SANTA  CRUZ  LADIES  FORM  AUXILL\RY 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  Auxiliaries  from  newlv  organized  Au\iliar\'  No.  532.  of  Santa  Cruz, 
Calif. 

We  have  18  charter  members.  At  our  first  meeting,  we  initiated  2  members.  At  the 
present  time,  we  are  conducting  a  membership  drive  and  ui\ite  all  wi\'es  of  Carpenters' 
Union  No.  829  to  join  us  as  members. 

Our  first  Officers  were  installed  in  September  who  were:  President,  Irene  Combs; 
Vice-President,  Lee  Polstein:  Recording  secretar%%  Marian  Pryor;  Financial  Secretar>', 
Eunice  Raiche;  Conductress,  Eveh-n  Eaton;  Warden,  Francis  Jensen;  Trustees,  Agatha 
Limandri,  C.  A.  Reis  and  Jean  McMahan. 

We  meet  the  first  and  third  Mondays  at  the  I.  O.  O.  F,  Hall  in  Santa  Cruz.  After 
each  meeting,  we  ser\"e  refreshments  to  the  men  of  Local  829. 

A  Christmas  partv  will  be  gi\-en  on  December  19,  1949.  for  the  famihes  of  Carpenters' 
Local  829. 

We  would  enjoy  hearing  from  Sister  Auxiliaries  and  would  appreciate  any  helpful 
suggestions  they  could  give  us. 

Fraternally, 

Marian  Pr."or,  Recording  Secretary 


THE    CARPENTER  89 

SANTA  MONICA  AUXILIARY  GROWING  FAST 

The  Editor: 

This  is  our  first  communication  with  our  Sister  organizations. 

We  were  organized  last  April,  the  Van  Nuys  Auxiliary  having  conducted  the  installation. 

Our  Auxiliary  is  now  a  fast-growing  and  active  group  with  45  members. 

In  August,  we  had  a  lovely  picnic  at  Lake  Enchanto.  On  October  29,  we  held  our 
first  annual  Bazaar  and  dinner,  which  was  a  grand  success,  giving  us  a  lot  of  assurance 
and  confidence. 

We  meet  every  second  and  fourth  Friday  at  the  Local  hall.  The  second  meeting  of 
the  month  is  followed  by  some  social  activity.  We  feel  we  are  very  fortunate  in  having 
some  very  musical  talent  in  our  group  which  has  provided  a  lot  of  entertainment. 

The  men  of  our  Local  1400  have  done  so  much  to  make  a  real  Auxiliary  group  for  us. 

A  glance  into  the  Crystal  Ball  tells  us  of  much  work  to  be  done  in  the  coming  year  and 
also  of  many  good  times. 

Fraternally, 

Carolyn  Matejeck,  Secretary 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  538 

• 

McALESTER  AUXILIARY  SPONSORS  WINNING  QUEEN 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  from  Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  423  of  McAlester,  Oklahoma. 

We  were  reorganized  March  12,  1947.  Our  membership  is  small  but  we  are  very 
active. 

Each  year  since  our  reorganization,  we  have  sent  delegates  to  the  Oklahoma  State 
Council  of  Auxiliaries  Convention.  The  President  of  our  Auxiliary,  Mrs.  Virginia  Self,  who 
was  our  delegate  this  year,  was  elected  Recording  Secretary  at  the  State  Convention  which 
convened  at  Tulsa,  Oklahoma,  September  12,  1949. 

We  meet  every  first  and  third  Monday  nights  of  the  month  at  the  Labor  Temple. 

We  have  had  Christmas  parties  and  several  covered  dish  suppers  for  our  members  and 
their  families. 

Our  Sunshine  Fund  is  used  for  cards  and  flowers  for  our  members.  We  have  contributed 
to  the  Red  Cross,  March  of  Dimes  and  we  plan  to  contribute  to  the  Iron  Lung  Fund  which 
is  sponsored  by  the  local  P.  T.  A.  Council. 

Our  Auxiliary  and  Carpenters'  Local  No.  986  sponsored  a  "Queen"  in  the  Golden 
Anniversary  celebration  of  McAlester.  Our  Queen  won  the  title  of  "Miss  McAlester"  along 
with  a  trip  to  Hollywood,  Calif.,  and  many  wonderful  gifts. 

To  increase  our  treasury,  we  have  held  rummage  sales  and  we  are  now  selling  chances 
on  a  chenille  bedspread. 

We  read  and  enjoy  "The  Carpenter"  and  find  many  helpful  ideas  from  other  AuxiUary 
letters. 

Best  wishes  to  our  Sister  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  Lorene  Morrow,  Recording  Secretary 


NAPA  AUXILIARY  OFF  TO  A  FINE  START 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  544,  of  Napa,  Calif. 

We  are  a  newly  organized  Auxiliary.  Installation  of  oflBcers  for  1949-50  was  held  in 
July  in  the  Labor  Temple  at  Napa,  Calif. 

With  the  addition  of  four  new  members  at  the  meeting,  the  membership  roll  hit  the 
56  mark.  Officers  installed  were:  Francis  Luntey,  President;  Edna  Hatmaker,  Vice-Presi- 
dent; Rose  Hulce,  Secretary;  Rena  Hansen,  Financial  Secretary  and  Treasurer;  Pearl  Dim- 
mick.  Conductor;  Mabel  Breshears,  Warden;  Melba  Krenke,  Opal  Lake  and  Mary  Schoon- 
maker.  Trustees. 

Mrs.  Dan  Wickman  of  the  Sonoma  Auxiliary  was  the  installing  officer  for  the  ceremonies, 
which  were  held  in  a  hall  decorated  with  varied  colored  gladioli  and  other  garden  flowers. 

All  of  us  read  and  enjoy  "The  Carpenter"  very  much. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  Bemice  Hiserman,  Pubhcity  Chairman 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 

LESSON  256 

Other  Irregular  Plan  Roofs.— It  should  be 
stated  that  the  irregular  plans  that  are  used 
in  this  lesson  were  chosen,  not  because 
they  are  much  in  use,  but  because  they 
make  possible  different  applications  of  the 
principles  involved.  The  truth  is  that  the 
principles  of  irregular  plan  roof  framing 
must  be  adapted  to  whatever  design  the 
roof  framer  finds  himself  confronted  with, 
just  as  he  must  do  in  regular  roof  framing. 
The  method  used  here  for  obtaining  the 
points  with  which  the  edge  bevels  for  hips, 
valleys,  and  jacks  are  made,  will  apply  on 
any  kind  of  hip  or  valley  roof.    The  only 


Fig.  1 


reason  that  the  different  designs  are  given 
is  to  show  the  different  results  that  the 
different  applications  bring  out.  The  roof 
framer  should  make  diagrams,  such  as  are 
shown  here,  letting  inches  on  the  square 
equal  feet  in  the  plan,  or  he  might  use 
some  other  convenient  scale.  This  is  the 
most  practical  way  to  obtain  the  points  to 
be  used  on  the  square. 

Right  Angle  to  Plate.— A  thing  that  often 
puzzles  the  beginner,  and  sometimes  the 
journeyman,  in  irregular  plan  roof  framing, 
is  the  position  the  common  and  jack  rafters 
are  placed  in,  with  regard  to  the  plates. 
Fig.  1  shows  an  irregular  roof  plan.  Here 
the  hips  are  pointed  out,  and  three  one- 
line    common   rafters,    presumed   to    be    in 


place,  are  indicated  with  the  letters,  C.R., 
standing  for  common  rafter.  The  three 
squares  are  in  position  showing  that  the 
common    and    jack    rafters,    in    plan,    are 

c 


set  at  a  right  angle  to  the  plates,   as  the 
tongues    show. 

Edge  Bevel  for  Hips.— Fig.  2  shows  the 
left  end  of  the  diagram  shown  in  Fig.  1, 
with  the  square  applied  to  the  run  of  the 


Fig.  3 

upper  left  hip.  (The  scale,  in  these  dia- 
grams, as  mentioned  before,  is  one  inch 
on  the  square  equals  one  foot  on  the  plan.) 
Now  extend  the  edge  line  of  the  tongue  to 
point  B,  or  a  little  beyond,  and  the  edge 


THE    CARPENTER 


41 


line  of  the  blade  to  the  rafter  length,  as 
shown  by  dotted  line.  The  rise  is  9  inches 
to  the  foot,  as  shown.  The  diagonal  dotted 
line  from  9  on  the  tongue  to  the  corner  of 
the  deck,  is  the  length  of  the  hip  rafter. 
With  a  compass,  transfer  this  rafter  length 
to  the  extended  line  of  the  blade,  as  shown. 
Draw  the  dotted  line  between  A  and  B  in 
line  with  the  small  end  of  the  deck.   Where 


this  line  intersects  with  the  extended  line 
of  the  tongue,  is  tlie  point  giving  the  length 
of  the  tangent.  Draw  the  dotted  line  from 
B  to  C— also  the  dotted  line  representing 
the  tangent,  parallel  with  tlie  tongue  of  the 
square  and  in  line  with  the  point  giving 
the  rafter  length.  Complete  the  triangle  by 
drawing  the  line  from  C  to  the  corner  of 


the  deck.  To  obtain  the  edge  bevel  for 
the  hip  where  it  fits  the  deck,  take  the 
rafter  length  on  tlie  blade,  and  the  tan- 
gent on  the  tongue— the  rafter  length  will 
give  the  bevel.  It  is  apparent  that  the 
tongue  is  not  long  enough  to  hold  the  tan- 
gent, so  by  dividing  both  the  rafter  length 
and  the  tangent  by  2,  the  figures  will  be 
reduced  so  that  the  square  will  hold  them. 


Another  Way.-Fig.  3  shows  the  same 
end  of  the  diagram,  but  the  application 
of  the  square  is  different.  Here  the  side 
line  of  the  deck  is  extended,  as  shown  by 
dotted  line,  until  it  contacts  the  extended 
tongue  hne.  The  rafter  length  is  trans- 
ferred with  the  compass,  as  in  the  other 
case.  The  other  lines  are  then  drawn  in 
as  explained  in  Fig.  2,  since  the  principle 
is  the  same.  While  the  rafter  length  and 
the  tangent  will  give  the  edge  bevel  for 
the  hip,  in  this  case  the  run  is  taken  on 
the  blade  of  the  square,  and  point  A  on 
the  tongue— the  blade  will  give  the  bevel. 
The  bevel  in  both  of  these  illustrations  is 
exactly  the  same.  The  difference  is  all  in 
the  place  where  tlie  square  has  been  ap- 
plied—everything else  is  the  same.  Study 
Figs.  2  and  3. 

Still  Another  Way.-Fig.  4  shows  the 
wide    end   of   the    roof    diagram,    with    the 


square  applied  to  the  hip  run.  Here  again, 
the  side  line  of  the  deck  is  extended  until 
it  contacts  die  extended  tongue  line.  The 
rafter  length  is  transferred  to  the  extended 
blade  line,  as  in  the  other  two  cases.  The 
rafter  length  and  the  tangent  will  give  the 
bevel.  The  edge  bevel  can  also  be  obtained 
by  taking  the   run   on  the   blade,  and  the 


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42 


THE    CARPENTER 


distance  between  the  heel  and  point  C,  on 
the  tongue.  In  both  cases  the  blade  will 
give  the  edge  bevel.  The  figures  can  be 
made  still  more  convenient,  by  pulling  the 
square  back  until  tlie  figure  12  comes  to 
point  B,  then  12  on  the  blade  and  point 
A  on  the  tongue,  shown  by  dotted  lines, 
will  give  the  bevel— mark  along  the  blade. 
Edge  Bevel  for  Jacks.— Fig.  5  shows  the 
wide  end  of  the  roof  plan,  with  the  square 
applied  for  obtaining  the  points  witli  which 


CARPENTERS 
HANDBOOK 

consists  of  short  bui  practical 
rules  for  laying  out  roofs,  ceil- 
ings, hoppers,  stairs  and  arches 
nith  tables  of  board  measure, 
length  of  common,  hip,  valley 
and  lack  rafters,  square  meas- 
ure, etc. — also,  rules  for  kerf- 
ing,  laying  off  gambrel  roof  and 
explaining  the  steel  square. 
Money   back   if  not  satisfied 

SI. 00  postpaid 

D.  A.  ROGERS 

5344      Clinton      Ave. 
Minneapolis  9,    Minn. 


the  edge  bevel  for  the  jacks  is  made.  The 
diagonal  distance  between  9  and  12  is  the 
rafter  length.  This  length  is  transferred 
with  the  compass  to  the  extended  blade 
line,   as    shown   by   the    dotted    part-circle. 


Fig.  7 
The  tongue  is  long  enough  in  this  case  to 
take  the  tangent.  The  other  lines  are  drawn 
as  in  the  otlier  cases.  Now  tlie  rafter  length 
on  the  blade,  and  the  tangent  on  the  ton- 
gue will  give  the  edge  bevel  for  the  jacks. 


Fig.  8 
The  same  bevel  can  be  obtained  by  taking 
the  run  on  the  blade  and  the  point  where 
the  diagonal  line  crosses  the  edge  of  the 
tongue.  The  blade  will  give  the  bevel. 
The  principle  here  again  is  the  same  as 
in  the   other  cases. 

Edge    Bevel    for    Valleys.— Fig.    6   shows 
a    roof  plan   with   a   dull    angle,    where    a 


THE    CARPENTER 


43 


valley  rafter  is  to  be  placed.  The  side  of 
the  roof  is  extended,  as  shown  by  dotted 
line,  until  it  contacts  the  extended  tongue 
line,  which  is  also  shown  by  dotted  line. 
In  this  case  the  rise  shown  is  12  inches. 
The  lencfth  of  the  rafter  is  transferred  from 


Fig.  9 


this  point  to  the  extended  blade  line,  as 
shown  by  the  dotted  part-circle.  Now  the 
rafter  length  and  the  tangent  will  give  the 
edge  bevel— the  rafter  length  giving  the 
bevel.  The  principle  here  is  the  same  as 
in  all  the  other  cases  previously  explained. 
Study  the  diagram  until  you  understand 
it. 


fter  Length --7^2_-- '*■ 

Fig.  10 

Edge  Bevel  for  Valley  Jacks.— Fig.  7 
shows  how  to  obtain  the  edge  bevel  for 
valley  jacks  joining  the  valley  rafter  dealt 
with  in  Fig.  6.  The  rise  is  12  inches,  mak- 
ing it  a  half  pitch  roof.  The  process  is 
the  same  as  in  the  Other  cases.    The  rafter 


length  and  the  tangent  give  the  edge  bevel 
—the  former  giving  the  bevel.  Study  the 
drawing. 

Edge    Bevel   for    Sharp   Angle    Valleys.— 

Fig.  8  shows  how  to  obtain  the  points  for 
marking  the  edge  bevel  of  valley  rafters 
for  a  sharp  angle,  such  as  shown.  The 
principle  is  the  same  as  in  the  other  cases. 
The  rafter  length  and  the  tangent  will  give 
the  edge  bevel— the  former  giving  the  bev- 
el. 


HOW   TO    CUT    RAFTERS 


/f'sneu;..NOW 

New  vest  pocket  books  gives  lengths,  side 
cuts,  plumb  cuts,  deductions,  for  all  raf- 
ters any  building  from  one  inch  to  fortj- 
feet  wide.  Gives  numbers  to  cut  on 
square.  All  standard  pitches  from  1%" 
to  12  up  to  171/2  and  12  rise.  Any  one 
can  frame  a  roof  with  this  great  book. 
Just  open  book  to  your  pitch  page  and 
there  in  plain  print  is  your  lengths  cuts 
and  deductions  for  any  pitched  roof.  Also 
gives  how  to  figure  elevations.  How  to  figure 
lumber.  How  to  lay  out  window  and  door  open- 
ings. Written  by  Harry  (Dad)  Blpam  and  it's  a 
dandy.    Price  only  $2.00  each. 

AT  LAST!  .  - 

"DADS"  STAIR  CARRIAGE, 
STRINGER  LAYOUTS. 

THE  BOOK  OF  THE  CEXTURT:  Its  a  simplified  stair 
builders  manual;  Its  a  lay  out  book  for  carpenters  that 
want  a  simple  way  to  lay  out  stair  carriages  and  stringers. 
Just  plain  talk  with  illustrations  that  a  worker  can  under- 
stand. No  trigonometry,  obtuse  angles  or  other  high  flut- 
ing talk.  Not  written  for  a  stair  builder,  but  rather  for 
the  man  who  has  little  time  to  throw  up  a  stair  carriage 
and  trot  along  with  his  other  work,  simple,  concise,  and 
practical.  THE  BEST  FOR  THE  MONEY.  72  pages, 
size  4%  s  eVa  inches.  Its  a  dandy  says  every  one  that 
has  it.  Price  $2.00.  This  is  another  of  "Dad  Bleam's 
Books." 

BUILDERS'  TOPICS 

1512   Market  St.  Seattle   7,   Wash. 


44 


THE    CARPENTER 


Edge  Bevel  for  Valley  Jacks.— Fig.  9 
shows  how  to  obtain  the  points  for  mark- 
ing the  edge  bevel  for  the  valley  jacks 
joining  a  sharp  angle  valley  rafter.  The 
principle  again  is  exactly  the  same  as  in 
all  the  otlier  cases  shown.  The  student  is 
asked  to  work  it  out.  The  run  of  this  roof 
diagram  is  12  feet,  which  is  true  of  all 
the  other  roof  diagrams  shown  in  this  les- 
son. 

A  Detail.— Fig.  10  shows  the  principle  of 
obtaining  the  points  for  marking  the  edge 


Full  Length  Roof  Framer 

A  pocket  size  book  with  the  EX- 
TIRE  length  of  Common-Hip-Valley 
and  Jack  rafters  completely  worked 
out  for  you.  The  flattest  pitch  is  V2 
inch  rise  to  12  inch  run.  Pitches  in- 
crease ^2  inch  rise  each  time  until 
the  steep  pitch  of  2  4"  rise  to  12" 
run  is  reached. 

There  are  2400  widths  of  build- 
ings for  each  pitch.  The  smallest 
width  is  %  inch  and  they  increase 
14"  each  time  until  they  cover  a  50 
foot  building. 

There  are  2400  Commons  and  2400 
Hip,  Valley  &  Jack  lengths  for  each 
pitch.  230,400  rafter  lengths  for  48 
pitches. 

A  hip  roof  is  48'-9^"  wide.  Pitch 
is  7I2"  rise  to  12"  run.    You  can  pick 
out  the  length  of  Commons,  Hips  and 
Jacks         j^-  ^y^  MINUTE 
Let  us  prove  it,  or  return  your  money. 

Getting  the  lengths  of  rafters  by  the  span  and 
the  iHiethod  of  setting  up  the  tables  is  fully  pro- 
tected by  the   1917  &.   1944  Copyrights. 

Price  $2.50  Postpaid.   If   C.  O.  D.  pay  $2.85. 

Californians    Add    8c.    Money    back    privilege. 

Canadians    use    Money    Orders. 


A.  RIECHERS 


p.  O.   Box   405 


Palo   Alto.   Calif. 


bevels  in  this  lesson,  applied  to  a  regular 
hip  roof  with  a  12-foot  run  and  a  12-foot 
rise.  With  the  square  in  position  A,  the 
drawing  is  completed  as  in  the  other  cases. 
Then  if  the  square  were  pushed  forward 
to  position  B,  the  rafter  length  and  the 
tangent  (the  distance  between  point  1  and 
the  heel  of  the  square)  will  give  the  edge 
be^'el.  In  position  A,  17  and  point  2,  will 
give  the  bevel,  while  in  position  C,  12  and 
point  3  wnll  give  the  edge  bevel.  The  blade 
in  each  of  these  cases  will  give  the  bevel. 


WANTS   TO   KNOW 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 

A  reader  wants  to  know  how  to  lay  out 
stringers  for  \^'inding  stairs.  Since  both  stair 
horses  and  skirt  boards  are  often  called  string- 
ers, I  will  illustrate  both.  The  caution  given 
in  a  previous  article  about  winders,  should 


Fig.   1 

be  kept  in  mind  here.  Fig.  1  shows  at  the 
bottom  right  a  plan  of  a  three-step  flight 
of  winders.  To  the  left  are  shown  foiu: 
straight  steps.  The  winders  are  numbered 
1,  2,  3,  and  the  straight  steps  are  numbered 
4,  5,  6  and  7.   These  nimibers  are  the  same 


bOl'« 


'"■'    %rt   /^    HANG  THAT  DOOR 
G^^     /^THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


Makes  a  clean-cut,  deeply-etched  profile  on  door. 
Remove  chips.  Repeat  operation  on  jamb.  Hang 
doorl  Xo  adjustments.  No  fussing.  Precision  made. 
Drop-forged,  heat-treated  steel.  Comes  in  3",  3J" 
(Std)    sizes. 


ONLY  $1.75  ea. — $3.50  a  pair 
(any  two) — $5.25  complete  set 
of  three.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
send  only  $1.00  -with  order  and 
pay  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  O.  D.  In  Canada,  .25c 
higher  per  order.  Xo  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    wanted. 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 

"Really  a  help  for  the 
'old  hands'  and  almost 
a  'must'  (or  the  new 
boys." 

S.   H.   GloTer 
Cincinnati,   Ohio 

"The  greatest  help  in 
hanging  doors  I  hare 
ever    seen." 

J.    Allen    Charles 
MulUns.    S.   C. 


Comes  With 
Leatherette  uase 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  Dept  C,  Los  Angeles  U,  Cal.  — 


TOU  DO  TNIS 


THE    CARPENTER 


45 


on  both  the  plan  and  the  stretch-out  of 
the  rough  stringers,  or  horses.  First  lay  out 
the  winders  on  the  plan  and  then  the 
straight  steps.  This  done,  set  the  compass 
at  point  c  and  carry  point  a  to  d,  as  shown 
by  the  dotted  quarter  circle.  In  tlie  same 
way  transfer  point  b  to  e.  Now  lay  off 
the  stringers.  The  first  one  supports  the 
wide  end  of  the  first  winder  and  half  of  the 
second  winder.  The  second  stringer  sup- 
ports one-half  of  the  second  winder,  and 
the  third  winder.  The  stringer,  shown  in 
part,  supports  the  four  straight  steps.  The 
perpendicular  dotted  lines  locate  the  risers, 
while  the  height  of  the  steps  is  governed  by 
tlie  rise  per  step. 

Quite  frequently  the  skirt  board,  or  fin- 
ished stringer,  for  winders  is  not  housed, 
but  in  the  better  stairs  they  usually  are. 
Fig.  2  shows  the  same  plan  of  the  flight  of 
three  winders  and  the  four  straight  steps  at 


•  Fig.  2 

i  the  bottom.  A  stretch-out  of  the  skirt  boards 
is  shown  at  the  top.  The  board  marked  A 
on  the  stretch-out  is  for  the  side  marked  A 
on  the  plan.    In  relatively  the  same  way, 


the  board  marked  B  goes  on  the  side  marked 
B,  and  C  is  for  the  side  C.  The  perpendic- 
ular dotted  lines  again  locate  the  rough 
risers,  as  a  little  study  will  show.  Both 
the  winders  and  the  steps  are  shown  wedged 
into  the  housing,  which  is  as  practical  with 
winders  as  with  straight  steps,  but  when  this 
is  done  the  rough  stringers  must  be  held 
away  from  the  wall,  to  let  the  bottom  edge 
of  the  skirt  board  in. 


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  own  busi- 
ness  and  be  your  own  boss  the  "Tamblyn 
System"  Home  Study  Course  In  Estimating 
will  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  carpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  you  can  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
Rrst  lesson  begins  with  excavations  and  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  you 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidance  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced  to  the  language  you  understand. 
You  will  never  find  a  more  opportune  time 
to  establish  yourself  in   business  than   now. 

Study  the  course  for  ten  days  absolutely 
free.  If  you  decide  you  don't  want  to  keep 
it,  just  return  it.  Otherwise  send  us  $8.75 
and  pay  the  balance  of  $30.00  at  $7.50  per 
month,  making  a  total  of  $38.75  for  the  com- 
plete course.  On  request  we  will  send  you 
plans,  specifications,  estimate  sheets,  a  copy 
of  the  Building  Labor  Calculator,  and  com- 
plete instructions.  What  we  say  about  this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to  be  after  you  examine  it  is  the  only  thing 
that  matters.  You  be  the  judge;  your  deci- 
sion is  final. 

Write  your  name  and  address  clearly  and 
give  your  age,  and  trade  experience. 

TAMBLYN   SYSTEM 

1115  So.  Pearl  St.,  C-37,  Denver  10,  Colorado 


Measuring  Tread 
Marking  Board 

(right) 

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ELIASON  TOOL  COMPANY 


SAVE  A  DAY  n.Ze 

on  Every  Staircase  You  Build 

ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE  in  10  seconds  gives 
you  correct  length  and  angle  for  stair  treads 
and  risers,  (closet  shelves  too),  ready  to 
mark  board.  Each  end 
pivots  and  locks  at  any 
angle.  Length  adjustable 
from  20"  up.  Saves  a  day 
or  more,  increases  yonr 
profits  $20  to  .?30  on  each 
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H  &  A  Model  5860  will  do  your  dressing  work  faster  and  better 
than  any  tool  of  its  kind  ever  developed.  Its  60-inch  table  handles 
extra-long  stock  easily..  Its  37-inch  fence  tilts  to  45  degrees  for 
edging,  swivels  to  7  degrees  for  shear  cutting  of  grainy  woods. 
Safer,  too, — with  all  moving  parts  metal  sheathed  and  guard  that 
moves  over  cutter  as  fence  slides  forward.  This  new  H  &  A 
Jointer  now  performs  operations  which  formerly  required  larger, 
more  expensive  machines. 

Write  at  once  for  literature,  pricei  and  name  of  nearest  dealer. 


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HESTON  &  ANDERSON 


607  W.  Kirkwood  Street 
Fairfield,  lowo 


NOTICE 

The  publishers  of  "The  Carpenter"  reserve  the 
right  to  reject  all  advertising  matter  which  may 
be.  In  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters   and  Joiners   of  America. 

All  Contracts  for  advertising  space  in  "The  Car- 
penter," including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellahle.  are  only  accepted  srbject  to  the  above 
reserved   rights  of  the  publishers. 


Index  of  Advertisers 


Carpenters'  Tools  and  Accessories 

Page 

The   American    Floor   Surfacing 

Machine     Co.,    Toledo,    Ohio, —  5 

Ardee     Tool     Co.,     Rocky     River 

Sta.,    Ohio    47 

E.   C.   Atkins   and   Co.,   Indianapolis. 

Ind.     4th     Cover 

Burr    Mfg.    Co.,    Los    Angeles, 

Calif.     43 

Cummins    Portable    Tools,    Chicago, 

111.     1 

Eliason  Tool  Co.,  Minneapolis, 

Minn.      45 

E-Z    Mark    Tools,    Los    Angeles, 

Cal.      44 

Foley   Mfg.    Co.,  Minneapolis, 

Minn.      6 

Greenlee   Tool   Co.,  Rockford,   Ill._3rd   Cover 
Henry   Disston   &   Sons,   Inc., 

Philadelphia,    Pa.    6 

Heston  and   Anderson,    Fairfield, 

Iowa      46 

The  Lufkin  Rule   Co.,  Saginaw, 

Mich.      6 

The    Paine    Co.,    Chicago,    111 48 

Singer   Kennedy    Corp.,    Chicago, 

III.      47 

Stanley  Tools,  New  Britain,  Conn._3rd    Cover 

Carpentry  Materials 

E.  L.  Bruce  Co.,  Memphis,  Tenn_        42 

H.   Riechers,   Palo   Alto.    Calif 44 

D.   A.   Rogers,   Minneapolis, 

Minn.     42 

The  Upson  Co.,  Lockport,  N.  Y._2nd  Cover 
Western    Metalcraft,    Inc.,    Olympia, 

Wash.      4 

Technical  Coiu'ses  and  Books 

American    Technical    Society,    Chi- 
cago,   111.    47 

Audel   Publishers,   New  York, 

N.    Y.    3rd   Cover 

Builders    Topics,    Seattle,    Wash._        43 

Chicago    Technical    College,    Chi- 
cago,   111.    3 

H.   H.   Siegele,   Emporia,   Kans 41 

Simmons-Boardman     Publishing 

Corp.,   New  York,  N.   Y. 48 

Tamblyn    System,   Denver,    Colo—        45 


KEEP  THE  MONEY 
IN   THE   FAMILY! 

PATRONIZE 
ADVERTISERS 


QBIGBUILDIHG  BOOKS 


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EXAMINATION 

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Name      

Address      

City    State 


STANLEY   NO.  700 
WOODWORKER'S  VISE 

Completely  New — Stanley  No.  700.  Grips  work 
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AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

[4vois.^6 

InsideTrade  Information 

for  Carpenters,  Builders,  Join- 
ers, Building  Mechanics  and  all 
Woodworkers.  These  Guides 
^ve  you  the  short-cat  iDstruc- 
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new  methods,  ideas,  solutions. 

ftlans,  systems  and  money  sav- 
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Carpenters  everywhere  are  us- 
ing these  Guides  as  a  Helpina- 
Hand  to  Easier  Work.  Better 
Work  and  Better  Pay.  To  get 
this    assistance    for   yourself. 

Inside  Trade  Information  On:        S5F fEEE° coupon  beiow 

How  to  use  the  steel  square — How  to  file  and 

set  saws — How  to  build  turnlture — How  to  use 

a  mitre  box — ^How  to  use  the  chalk  line — How 

to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 

Carpenters    arithmetic — Solving   mensuration 

problems — Estimating  strength  ol  timbers — 

How  to  set  girders  and  sills — How  to  frame 

houses  and  roofs-^How  to  estimate  costs — How 

to  build  houses,  barns,  garages,  bungalows,  etc. 

— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 

Bpeciflcations — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 

settings  12. 13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 

to  build  hoists  and  scaffolds — skylights — How 

to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  interior  trim — 

How  to  ha,ng  doors— How  to  lath — lay  floors — How  to  paint. 

AUDEL,  Publishers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  York  10,  N.  Y. 

Mail  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  on  7  days'  free 
trial.  I(  OK  I  will  remit  $i  In  7  days  and  $1  monthly  until  $6  is  paid. 
-Ottierwise  I  will  return  them.  No  oblleation  unless  I  am  satisfied. 


Name- 


CAR 


"I'LL  TAKE 


ANYTIME 

—  ff  sure  makes  saving  easier!*^ 

He's  right — you  just  can't  beat  "Silver  Steel" 
Saws — the  saws  with  the  lasting  edge.  "Silver 
Steel"  Saws  give  you  the  most  cutting,  with 
the  least  effort  and  fewest  sharpenings.  In 
any  saw  look  firsf  to  the  quality  of  its  blade. 
And  in  all  the  world  there  are  no  finer  saws 
than  "Silver  Steel"  I 


E.    C.    ATKINS    AND    COMPANY 

Nome  Office  and  Factory:  402  South  Illinois  Street,  Indianapolis  9,  Indiana 

Branch  Factory:  Portland,  Oregon 

Branch  Offices:     ATLANTA     •      CHICAGO     •     NEW  ORLEANS     •     NEW  YORK 


EfnKB 


jCMPENTER 


FOUNDED    1881 

Official  Publication   of  tfte 
UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS  of  AMERICA 


FEBRUARY,    1950 


let  FRED  LUDWIG  fen 


you 


how  UPSON 
KUVER'KRAK  PANELS 
solved  the  cratked 
telling  problem  in 
his  own   home 

FRED  H.  LUDWiG,  President  Merritt 
Lumber  Yards,  Inc.,  Reading,  Pa.,  former 
president  National  Retail  Lumber  Dealers 
Association,  nationally  known  Merchan- 
diser of  quality  building  materials,  writes: 
"The  reason  that  I  used  Upson  Kuver- 
Krak  Panels  in  the  living  room  and  library 
of  my  own  residence  was  brought  about 
by  the  great  difficulty  I  had  with  the 
plaster  cracking. 

"Having  the  faith  in  Upson  Panels, 
developed  through  the  many  years  that 
we've  handled  your  products,  prompted 
me  to  use  it  and  once  and  for  ml,  get  rid 
of  further  failures. 

"I  am  glad  to  report  to  you  that  these 
panels  have  been  very  satisfactory  and 
have  done  everything  that  we  expected 
them  to  do." 


•^  i* 


\'S^ 


Above:  Mr.  Ludwig's  living  room  with  an  Upson-panelled 
ceiling.  Right:  One  of  the  showplaces  of  eastern  Pennsyl- 
vania, the  residence  of  Mr.  Ludwig  at  Wyomiasing. 


Like  Fred  Ludwig,  thou- 
sands of  lumber  dealers 
and  thousands  of  carpen- 
ters will  tell  you  there's 
nothing  like  Upson  Panels 
for  _  re-covering  cracked 
ceilings. 

mail  this 


covpon  today! 


> 


THE  UPSON   COMPANY 

5312  Upson  Point,  Lockporl,  N.Y. 

I  am  interested  in  knowing  more  about  Upson  Strong-Bilt 
Panels  Q  Kuver-Krak  Panels  D-  Send  me  a  free  copy  of  your 
booklet — "New  Interiors  For  Old." 

NAME 

TYPE  OF  BUSINESS 

STREET . 

CITY  STATE 


STEAPyyBAR  'ROUHP  WORK- 
SANP  NSW  AttP  OLP  FLOORS 

Look  into  the  money-making  possibilities  of  start- 
ing a  floor  sanding  business — if  you  want  steady 
and  pleasant  indoor  work — a  good  substantial  in- 
come with  earnings  of  $2  5  and  more  a  day — ^an 
opportunity  to  operate  as  a  sub-contractor  in  new 
construction  and  as  a  separate  business  man  when 
you  sand  older  homes. 

No  experience  or  special  schooling  needed— 
Sanders  are  easy  to  operate — you  can  start  sanding 
floors  and  ntake  money  the  first  day  your  machines 
[arrive.  Prospects  everywhere — new  and  old  homes. 
'No  large  investment — the  overhead  is  low  and  you 
need  no  elaborate  oflices,  workshop,  storeroom  or 
trucking  equipment.  Many  men  operate  from  their 
own  home  and  use  a  regular  passenger  car  to 
transport  their  equipment  from  job  to  job. 

Thousands  of  men  have  been  successful  in  the 
floor  surfacing  business.  You  let  the  machine  do 
the  work.  It's  pleasant  inside  work  and  usually  the 
buildings  have  some  heat.  No  ladders  or  scaffolding 
to  climb.  A  business  that  can  bring  you  a  lot  of 
satisfaction  and  steady  money!  Send  today  for 
"money-making"  booklet  entitled  "Opportunities 
in  Floor  Surfacing" — use  coupon  and  enclose  25c 
in  coin  or  stamps  to  cover  handling.  The  American 
Floor  Surfacing  Machine  Co.,  Toledo,  Ohio. 


Ben  W.  Kenney, 
veteran  floorman 
of  Kansas  City, 
Mo.,  started  years 
ago  in  floor  sand- 
ing and  has  stead- 
/  ily  expanded  this 
business.  Today, 
Ben  and  Forest  C.  Kenney  op- 
erate the  Acme  Floor  Co.  with 
a  total  of  19  American  Floor 
Sanders,  Spinner  Edgers,  and 
Polishers. 

A  On«-Man  Business 

Ed  Clanin  lives  in  a 
Michigan  city  of 
20,000.  He  has  an 
American  Floor 
Sander  and  an 
American  Spinner 
for  the  edges,  clos- 
ets and  stairs  and 
also  an  American  Maintenance 
Machine  for  disc  sanding,  steel 
wooling  and  polishing.  He  av- 
erages 75  to  100  floor  jobs  per 
year. 


MERICAN 

\  FLOOR  MACHINES 

i^nA   Coupon   Today! 


The  American  Floor  Surfacing 

Machine  Co., 
520  So.  St.  Clair  St.,  Toledo,  Ohio 

•  Enclosed  find  25c  in  stamps  Of 
coin  for  booklet  "Opportunities  in 
Floor  Surfacing",  telling  me  how  I 
can  start  my  own  floor  sanding  bus- 
iness. 


Name. 
•  Street- 


City. 


. State. 


Trade   Mark  Re?.  March,   1913 


A   Monthly   Journal,   Owned   and   Published    by   the   United    Brotherhood   of    Carpenters    and    Joiners 

of  America,  for  all  its  Members  of  all  its  Branches. 

PETER  E.  TERZICK,  Editor 

Carpenters'  Building,  222  E.  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis  4,  Indiana 


Established  in  1881 
Vol.  LXX — No.  2 


INDIANAPOLIS,  FEBRUARY,  1950 


One  Dollar  Per  Year 
Ten  Cents  a  Copy 


Con  tents  — 


1950  Is  a  Crucial  Election  Year 


It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  this  year's  elections  will  afFect  the  welfare  of  work- 
ing people  for  years  to  come,  since  the  current  Congress  Is  still  dominated  by  reaction- 
aries. If  the  people  are  to  obtain  decent  Social  Security,  middle  income  housing,  aid  to 
education,  etc.,  they  will  have  to  vote  it  into  effect  next  November  by  electing  men 
who  believe  in  such  progress. 


Watch  Your  Pinky,  Pal 


An  article  In  the  "flarvard  Business  Review,"  highbrow  publication  of  the  broad  "A" 
boys,  suggests  that  the  way  to  better  industrial  relations  lies  in  inviting  more  business 
agents  and  union  officials  to  pink  teas  and  tea  dansantes.  It  seems  all  us  labor  skates 
are  just  dying  to  bust  into  high  society  and  >when  we  don't  make  it  we  get  all  sorts  of 
frustrations  and  inhibitions. 


The  Nation  Honors  Gompers 


The  Role  of  Workers  Education 


13 

A  thousand  union  members,  friends  and  special  guests  taxed  the  banquet  facilities  of 
Washington's  biggest  hotel  on  January  5th  to  inaugurate  the  Samuel  Gompers  Centen- 
nial Year  v/hose  object  it  is  to  add  a  million  new  members  to  the  Federation  as  a 
memorial  to  the  peerless   leader. 

18 


The  difference  between  ordinary  education  and  workers  education  can  be  explained 
by  the  story  of  the  home  economics  teacher  who  was  giving  a  lecture  on  the  best  way 
of  making  nutritious  soup  out  of  cheap  bones.  When  she  asked  if  there  were  any  ques- 
tions, an  old  Scotch  lady  in  the  back  of  the  room  asked:  "Yes,  who  got  the  meat  from 
the  bones  in  the  first  place? 

31 

With  a  mid-summer  slump  seeming  to  be  inevitable  unless  purchasing  power  can  be 
increased,  the  AFL  offers  a  hard-hitting  program  for  staving  off  additional  unemploy- 
ment. It  is  as  simple  as  it  is  feasible— more  pay  for  more  production  and  no  price  in- 
creases. 


More  Wages  Mean  More  Jobs 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 
Plane  Gossip 
Editorials 
The  Locker 
Official 

In   Memoriam 
Correspondence 
To  the  Ladies 
Craft  Problems 


16 
23 
29 
33 
34 
35 
39 
41 


Index  to  Advertisers 


46 


Entered   July   22,    1915,    at   INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second   class   mail   matter,    under    Act   of 

Congress,  Aug.  24,  1912.    Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for 

in   Section   1103,   act  of   October   3,    1917,    authorized  on    July    8,    1918. 


CARPENTERS 

BUILDERS  and  APPRENTICES 


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CHICAGO    TECHNICAL    COLLEGE 

TECH  BLDG.,  2000  SOUTH  MICHIGAN  AVE.,  CHICAGO  16,  ILL. 


Chicago  Technical  College 

B^iaa  Tech  Bldg.,  3000  So.  Michigan  Ave., 

Chicago  16,  IlL 

Mail  me  Free  Blue  Print  Plans  and  Booklet:    "How  to  Read  Blue  Prints" 
with  information  about  how  I  can  train  at  home. 

Name : Age 

Address Occupation 

City Zone  - State 


Do  off  ihmjoLhiAe/i 

with  this  Cummins 

POWER  TOOL  COMBINATION 


If  you  were  to  buy  all  the  power  tools,  with  Independent 

motor  drives,  that  you'd  need  to  do  all  the  jobs 
illustrated  here,  it  would  cost  you  In  excess  of  $350.00. 
For  only  $176.00  you  can  buy  this  new  and  amazing 
Cummins  Combination  of  power  tools,  consisting  of 
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Cummins  Model  630  4"  Belt  Sander  and  Cummins 
Model  640  Planer.  In  your  shop  or  on  the  job  site 
these  tools  will  save  you  money  .  .  .  they  will  do 
oil  these  jobs  faster,  better,  easier.  Write  today  for 
complete  details.  You  will  be  glad  you  did. 


DOOR  PLANING 


BEVEL  PLANING 


SURFACE  PLANING 


B\JY  This  Great  Deal  Today  for  Only  $176.00.   See  Your  Hardware,  Woodworkirtg  or 

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Model 
600 

$6250 


r- 


CUMMINS   MODEL   600   SAW 
THE   POWER   UNIT 

Cuts  1%'  deep  in  wcMjd.  Base  odjusts 
for  depth  end  bevel  cuts.  At  A5^  cuts 
through  lumber  1  Yi'  thick.  Compact  and 
light.  Weighs  only  1  1  lbs.  Hos  conven- 
tional equipment  with  6'  combination 
sow  blade. 

Name , 


Model 

630 

Sander 

$4950 


CUMMINS   MODEL  630 
SANDING   UNIT 

Mounts  to  Cummins  Model  600  Sow  as 
shown.  Standard  4'  x  27'  belts  "msure 
fast,  efficient  sanding.  Quick,  easy  od- 
justment  for  removing  and  replacing 
belts  and  for  centering  belts  on  pulleys. 
With  saw  mounted,  unit  weigKs  1  8  lbs. 


Model 

640 

Planer 

$6400 


CUMMINS  MODEL  640 
PLANER  UNIT 

Mounts  to  Cummins  Model  600  Saw  os 
shown.  Removes  up  to  Y\i'  of  stock  m 
one  cut.  Adjustable  for  depth  of  Cut. 
Equipped  with  bevel  attachment.  Cutter- 
head  is  4'  wide  with  removable  blcdei. 
With  saw  mounted,  unit  weighs  20  lbs. 


.Address 


Occupation City. 


.Zone State | 


CUMMINS     PORTABLE     TOOLS 

DIVISION    OF    CUMMINS    BUSINESS    MACHINES    CORPORATION 

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Construction  Details."  I  will  either  return  it  in  10 
days  and  owe  nothing,  or  send  only  $4.50  (plus  ship- 
ping  charges)    in   full  payment. 


Xame 


Address 


City  &   State   

nSAVE!   Send  $4.50  with  this  coupon  and  we  will  pay 
postage.     Same  return  and  refund  privilege. 


^^It^  safer  because  it's  easier  to  handle!" 

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1950  IS  A  CRUCIAL  ELECTION  YEAR 


IN  NOVEMBER  of  this  year,  the  working  people  of  the  nation  will  have 
an  opportunity  to  complete  the  task  which  they  undertook  in  1948.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  1948  political  campaign,  organized  labor  set  as  its 
goal  the  election  of  a  liberal  Congress  to  replace  the  80th  Congress  which  not 
only  passed  the  Taft-Hartley  Act  but  also  turned  thumbs  down  on  a  great 
deal  of  badly  needed  social  legislation.  In  the  1948  elections,  organized  labor 
did  a  tremendous  job.  Many  Taft-Hartley  Senators  and  Representatives  were 
sent  to  the  political  scrap  heap  while  men  cognizant  of  and  sympathetic  with 
the  views  of  the  working  man  were  sent  to  Washington  to  fill  their  seats.  How- 
ever, the  1948  labor  victory  was  not  quite  enough.  The  election  of  only  14 
more  liberal  Representatives  and  5  more  liberal  Senators  would  have  com- 
pleted the  task.  By  that  small  margin,  organized  labor  fell  short  of  its  goal  of 
electing  a  progressive  Congress.  So  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  is  still  on  the  books 
and  a  great  deal  of  sorely  needed  social  legislation  is  still  unpassed. 

This  year  the  task  must  be  completed.  In  November  we  will  have  a 
golden  opportunity  to  send  to  Washington  the  kind  of  a  Congress  the  work- 
ing people  of  the  nation  need— a  Congress  that  sees  nothing  socialistic  in 
Social  Security  or  nothing  monopolistic  in  collective  bargaining.  It  will  not 
be  an  easy  job,  but  it  is  a  job  that  can  be  done  if  working  people  will  register 
and  vote.  This  time  the  element  of  surprise  will  not  be  working  to  the  advan- 
tage of  the  liberal  forces.  In  1948  the  reactionaries  thought  that  the  labor 
vote  was  a  myth.  They  scoffed  at  the  idea  that  organized  labor  could  rally 
its  strength  effectively.  But  when  the  ballots  were  counted  they  got  a  rude 
awakening.  They  realized  that  labor  can  carry  elections  when  it  is  really 
organized. 

Now  that  they  are  aware  of  the  fact,  they  are  altering  their  strategy  for 
the  coming  election.  "Welfare  state"  and  "English  socialism"  are  scare  words 
they  have  invented  to  throw  at  the  people  in  an  effort  to  halt  the  march  of 
progressivism.  The  reactionary  elements  are  already  busy  raising  millions  of 
dollars  in  campaign  funds  for  an  all-out  attack  against  liberal  candidates  and 
liberal  ideas.  To  hold  the  political  gains  it  made  in  the  1948  elections  and  to 
pick  up  the  necessary  14  liberal  votes  in  the  House  and  5  liberal  votes  in  the 
Senate,  organized  labor  will  have  to  rise  to  new  heights  in  the  coming  election. 
It  will  have  to  raise  larger  political  funds  and  step  up  the  tempo  of  its  drives 
to  get  members  registered  and  ready  to  vote  on  election  day.  It  will  have  to 
drive  home  to  every  working  man  the  importance  of  voting  for  liberal  candi- 
dates. It  will  have  to  carry  the  fight  right  to  the  precinct  level.  The  job  wili 
not  be  an  easy  one,  but  it  is  a  job  that  can  and  must  be  done. 

In  1948,  labor  gained  its  first  experience  in  attempting  to  raise  money  for 
political  purposes.  A  sort  of  trial  and  error  method  was  followed.  The  results 
were  spotty,  and  experience  has  shown  that  some  changes  are  necessary.  This 
year  a  new  procedure  is  to  be  followed.  At  a  national  political  rally  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  last  July,  the  following  program  was  adopted: 


8  THE    CARPENTER 

1.  It  was  decided  that  the  task  of  raising  funds  through  voluntary  dona- 
tions should  be  centralized  in  Labor's  League  for  Political  Education, 
the  political  arm  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor.  This  year 
Labor's  League  for  Political  Education  will  make  the  one  big  appeal 
for  voluntary  contributions. 

2.  It  was  decided  to  seek  voluntary  individual  contributions  of  $2.00  or 
more  from  every  member  of  a  union  affiliated  with  the  AFL. 

Within  the  next  week  or  ten  days,  every  Local  Union  in  the  United  Broth- 
erhood will  receive  a  communication  from  Labor's  League  for  Political  Edu- 
cation asking  that  a  solicitation  be  made  of  members  for  voluntary  individual 
contributions  of  $2.00  or  more.  LLPE  will  supply  receipt  books  and  buttons 
directly.  All  monies  collected  by  Local  Unions  are  to  be  sent  directly  to  the 
League.  Half  of  such  monies  will  be  retained  by  the  League  for  political 
activities  on  a  national  basis  and  the  other  half  will  be  credited  to  state  organ- 
izations for  use  in  their  own  areas.  An  accounting  of  all  monies  donated  by 
Brotherhood  Locals  will  be  made  to  the  General  Office  monthly  by  the  League. 
Last  time  International  Unions,  Central  Bodies,  State  Federations  and  many 
other  labor  groups  held  conflicting  solicitations.  The  result  was  confusion  and 
misunderstanding.  Union  members  did  not  know  to  whom  they  should  con- 
tribute. By  centralizing  all  solicitations  in  the  hands  of  LLPE  this  year,  the 
problem  has  been  simplified.  The  big  solicitation  will  be  the  LLPE  solicitation. 
One  $2.00  contribution  will  help  support,  local  and  state  political  activities  as 
well  as  national  activities. 

It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  the  welfare  of  working  people  for  many 
years  to  come  will  be  at  stake  in  this  year's  election.  The  following  is  only  a 
partial  list  of  vital  matters  that  will  be  decided  by  the  election,  since  liberal 
Congressmen  are  outnumbered  in  the  present  session: 

SOCIAL  SECURITY.  Whetlier   or  not   Social  Security  will  be   liberalized 

»■  enough  so  that  retired  workers  can  live  decently  will  de- 

pend on  whether  or  not  we  have  a  liberal  Congress. 

TAXES.  With  the  budget  running  in  the  red,  new  tax  programs 

will  have  to  be  devised.  If  we  have  a  reactionary  Congress 
the  tax  load  will  be  lifted  from  the  shoulders  of  the  rich 
and  added  to  the  shoulders  of  the  poor.  On  the  other  hand, 
a  liberal  Congress  will  spread  the  tax  load  according  to 
ability  to  pay. 

LABOR   LEGISLATION.         A  reactionary   Congress   means    a  continuation   of   the 

Taft-Hartley  Law  and  even  more  vicious  anti-labor  leg- 
islation in  the  future.  A  liberal  Congress  means  repeal 
of  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  and  the  encouragement  of  free, 
independent   unions    and    genuine    collective    bargaining. 

AID  TO  EDUCATION, 
MIDDLE  INCOME  HOUSING, 
NATIONAL  HEALTH  AND  A  HOST 
OF   OTHER  IMPORTANT   MATTERS 

To  achieve  victory  in  1950,  every  working  man  will  have  to  do  his  duty 
by  donating,  registering  and  voting.  These  are  all  things  each  union  member 
must  do  for  himself.   No  organization  can  do  the  job  for  him. 

If  each  of  us  does  his  duty,  victory  will  be  a  cinch. 


Watch  Your  Pinky,  Pal 

•  •  • 

SOME  200  YEARS  ago  a  keen  minded  and  observant  English  churchman 
named  Jonathan  Swift  pubhshed  a  number  of  books  deahng  with  the 
foibles  and  fetishes  of  the  day  in  a  humorous  and  satirical  manner.  Noth- 
ing was  too  sacred  for  Swift  to  poke  a  little  fun  at.  Disgusted  with  the  extreme 
poverty  of  the  times,  in  one  book  he  propounded  at  length  on  a  way  in  which 
children  could  be  kept  from  becoming  a  burden  to  the  poor.  His  suggestion 
was  that  they  could  be  fattened  and  eaten. 

However,  his  best  known  work  is  Gulliver's  Travels,  a  sort  of  saga  of  a 
seaman's  travels  to  far  off  mythical  lands.  In  the  various  places  where  Gulliver 
visited,  the  people  were  invariably  carrying  to  the  logical  conclusion  the  silly 
practices  which  Englishmen  of  the  time  were  following  at  home  in  lesser  de- 
gree.  One  of  the  places  Gulliver  vis- 


ited was  a  land  where  science  was 
everything.  All  the  citizens  were 
busily  engaged  in  delving  into  scien- 
tific research.  They  had  no  time  to 
do  things  the  way  their  fathers  did 
them.  They  were  too  busy  searching 
for  more  scientific  ways,  with  the 
result  that  incredible  poverty  existed. 
The  one  farmer  who  cultivated  and 
fertilized  his  lands  in  the  time  hon- 
ored way  produced  tremendous  crops, 
but  he  was  an  outcast  in  the  land  of 
science.  His  methods  were  called  un- 
scientific and  old  fashioned.  In  the 
end,  the  pressure  to  which  he  was 
subjected  became  so  great,  that,  he 
too,  abandoned  the  traditional  way  of 
farming  and  devoted  himself  to  scien- 
tific research.  His  fields  stopped  pro- 
ducing anything,  but  at  least  he 
placed  himself  in  tune  with  the  times. 

During  the  last  two  centuries,  mil- 
lions of  people  probably  have  derived 
good  hearty  laughs  out  of  this  por- 
tion of  Swift's  satire.  Yet  even  today 
there  is  enough  basis  of  truth  in 
Swift's  exaggerated  picture  of  hold- 
ing in  awe  anything  that  smacks  of 
the  scientific  to  cause  one  to  wonder. 


One  has  to  look  no  farther  than  the 
bread  situation  which  exists  at  the 
present  time.  For  months  Congress 
has  been  holding  hearings  to  deter- 
mine whether  or  not  bakers  should 
be  compelled  by  law  to  indicate  on 
the  wrappers  of  the  loaves  of  bread 
they  turn  out  a  list  of  the  ingredients 
used  in  making  the  bread.  The  hear- 
ings have  uncovered  the  fact  that 
some  dozen  various  chemicals  are 
used  in  turning  out  today's  bread. 
Some  of  these  chemicals  are  derived 
from  crude  oil,  some  are  derived  from 
coal,  and  some  are  derived  from  even 
less  appetizing  sources. 

Now  the  funny  part  of  the  whole 
thing  is  that  wheat  is  the  most  nearly 
perfect  food  there  is.  In  its  natural 
state  it  contains  all  the  vitamins  and 
minerals  that  the  human  body  needs. 
However,  through  scientific  "im- 
provement," whole  wheat  no  longer 
goes  into  the  manufacture  of  ordin- 
ary bread.  The  wheat  germ  and  the 
husk  are  removed  at  the  flour  mill. 
With  these  two  components  of  the 
wheat  grain  go  most  of  the  nutritious 
elements  in  wheat.  So  the  baker  takes 


10 


THE    CARPENTER 


the  white  residue  we  call  toda}-'s  flour 
and  adds  to  it  a  host  of  chemicals  de- 
ri\'ed  from  all  sorts  of  inert  raw  ma- 
terials and  then  proceeds  to  crow 
about  his  "enriched"  bread.  Some- 
how or  other  it  brings  to  mind  GuUi- 
\"er's  Travels  whenever  the  papers 
earn,"  news  stories  about  what  is  go- 
ing on  in  the  Washington  hearings. 

However,  it  was  not  bread  that 
brought  on  this  philosophizing;  rather 
it  was  an  article  in  the  current  issue 
of  Har\"ard  Business  Review.  This 
article  deals  at  some  length  with 
the  social  status  of  labor  leaders. 
Over  the  years  our  great  universi- 
ties have  turned  out  learned  and  eru- 
dite pieces  on  "The  Love  Life  of  the 
Frog"  and  "The  Effects  of  Cucumber 
Blight  in  Man-dand  on  Soil  Erosion," 
but  this  is  the  first  time  that  the  social 
habits  of  labor  leaders  have  come 
under  the  microscopes  of  the  Broad 
"A"  boys.  The  conclusions  will  startle 
many  business  agents  and  financial 
secretaries. 

It  seems  that  we  who  labor  in  the 
union  \'ineyards  for  our  daily  bread 
(vitamin  enriched  with  pure  putt}' 
factory  by-products)  are  considered 
an  uncultured  and  uncouth  class  of 
louts.  We  do  not  know  which  fork 
to  use  in  eating  Crepe  Suzettes  (if  it's 
a  fork  you  use  in  eating  them),  or 
whether  the  little  finger  ought  to  be 
extended  at  a  se\'ent}'-five  or  ninet>' 
degree  angle  in  swigging  tea.  The 
result  is  we  do  not  get  asked  to  join 
the  Counfay  Club  or  the  Philharmonic 
Societ}'.  This  in  turn  gives  us  all 
sorts  of  inhibitions  and  frustrations 
which  make  us  bitter  at  our  employ- 
ers who  keep  the  leather  chairs  at 
the  Union  League  Club  well-shined 
with  the  seats  of  their  britches.  The 
end  result  is  that  we  take  out  our 
spite  on  the  employers  b}-  making 
all  sorts  of  unreasonable  demands 
just  because  we  did  not  get  an  invite 


to  the  Grand  Cotillion  Ball  at  the 
El  Swanko.  As  the  writer  \'iews  the 
situation,  labor-management  relations 
could  be  greatly  improved  if  more 
business  agents  were  in\dted  to  tea 
dans  antes  and  buffet  luncheons  at 
the   Gotrocks   and  Astorbilts. 

Far  be  it  from  us  to  contradict  so 
great  on  authority  as  the  writer.  After 
all  he  worked  for  a  public  relations 
firm  that  once  did  some  work  for  a 
couple  of  unions.  Off  and  on  for  a 
couple  of  years  he  came  in  contact 
with  labor  leaders  every  once  in 
awhile.  That  made  him  an  expert 
not  only  on  unions  but  also  on  the 
habits,  thinking  and  mores  of  union 
officials.  When  he  states  that  a  bitter 
strike  in  Detroit  resulted  more  from 
the  fact  that  the  daughter  of  a  certain 
international  union  representative  got 
turned  down  by  an  exclusive  girl's 
school  and  less  from  the  fact  the  im- 
ion  members  felt  entitled  to  better 
wages  and  working  conditions,  his 
\iews  must  be  respected. 

We  have  no  idea  how  many  union 
people  are  interested  in  private 
schools  for  their  offspring.  But  one 
thing  we  do  know.  The  public  schools 
have  no  greater  champion  than  the 
union  people  of  the  nation.  After 
all  it  was  the  unions  that  inaugurated 
the  fight  for  free  public  schools.  It 
was  the  union  people  who  agitated 
for  them  dowm  the  years  and  kept 
up  a  constant  pressure  on  the  Fed- 
eral government  and  state  legisla- 
tures until  such  schools  were  estab- 
lished. If  anyone  wants  to  really 
make  a  lot  of  union  people  mad, 
let  him  tamper  with  the  free  public 
school  system. 

Maybe  more  lady-finger  parties  are 
the  clue  to  better  labor  relations.  On 
the  other  hand,  maybe  fewer  labor 
"experts"  from  government,  universi- 
ties, public  relations  firms  and  what 
have   you,    injecting   themselves   into 


THE    CARPENTER 


11 


the  picture  might  make  a  real  con- 
tribution to  more  harmonious  labor- 
management  relations,  too.  The  day 
when  representatives  from  labor  and 
management  could  sit  down  around 
the  table  and  thrash  out  an  agree- 
ment that  both  sides  understood  and 
respected  seems  long  since  to  have 
passed  out  of  the  picture.  Today 
there  are  federal  "experts"  and  state 
"experts"  from  this  Board  and  that 
Bureau  kibitzing  on  nearly  every 
meeting  where  labor  and  manage- 
ment get  together.  Often  gobbledy- 
gook  which  no  one  understands  is 
the  result. 

Unlike  the  author  of  the  Harvard 
Business  Review  article,  we  are  not 
going  to  indulge  in  generalizations. 
There  are  good  labor  leaders  and  bad, 
just  as  there  are  good  employers  and 
bad.  There  may  even  be  labor  lead- 
ers who  want  to  break  into  high  so- 
ciety. If  there  are,  more  power  to 
them.  However,  to  imply  that  labor 
leaders  as  a  class  suffer  from  frustra- 
tions and  inhibitions  because  their 
wives  do  not  belong  to  the  Junior 
League  is  stretching  the  facts  too 
far.  In  the  first  place,  with  people 
who  really  count,  there  is  no  looking 
down  the  nose  at  labor  officials.  After 
all  the  President  of  the  United  States 
tore  himself  away  from  the  press  of 
ofiicial  business  to  pay  a  short  visit  to 
a  thousand  labor  officials  assembled 
at  the  Statler  Hotel  in  Washington 
last  month  to  pay  tribute  to  the  mem- 
ary  of  Samuel  Gompers.  That  is  more 
than  he  did  when  the  National  Asso- 
ciation of  Manufacturers  met— and 
this  is  not  discounting  the  fact  that 
the  President  is  a  politician  and  labor 
represents  votes. 

With  the  captains  of  industry  and 
the  men  who  have  done  things  and 
gotten  somewhere,  there  is  no  pat- 
ronizing of  labor  officials.  They  frank- 
ly meet  as  equals.    With  the  ribbon 


clerks,  however,  the  story  is  some- 
what different.  The  petty  officials  and 
hangers-on  who  bask  in  the  reflected 
glory  of  their  superiors  sometimes 
build  up  their  own  importance  by 
knocking  unions  and  snubbing  labor 
officials.  We  recall  that  a  famous 
newspaperman  who  interviewed 
kings  and  presidents  and  ambassa- 
dors in  his  time  found  an  interview 
with  a  man  who  had  just  been  made 
manager  of  a  pants  factory  the  most 
difficult  in  his  career,  according  to  his 
memoirs. 

The  writer  of  this  article  had  the 
fortune  or  misfortune  to  spend  sev- 
eral years  working  nights  in  one  of 
the  swankiest  country  clubs  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  during  the  time  when 
he  was  trying  to  acquire  a  little  "book 
learnin."  That  was  many  years  ago, 
but  the  memory  of  the  four-flushing 
and  apple  polishing  and  boot-licking 
that  went  on  among  the  membership 
of  that  club  is  still  fresh  in  our  mind. 
Come  to  think  of  it,  all  the  special 
privilege  and  favoritism  and  bowing 
and  scraping  that  nine  men  out  of 
ten  join  a  union  to  avoid  was  the  ac- 
cepted thing  in  that  club.  Half  the 
people  that  belonged  had  no  business 
there.  They  could  not  pay  their  bills, 
let  alone  meet  the  high  club  dues. 
But  they  belonged  anyhow  and  hard- 
ly a  day  went  past  but  what  some 
beaten  down  grocer  or  butcher  was 
trying  to  contact  them  to  collect  a 
long  past  due  bill.  They  had  nothing 
in  their  pockets  but  they  did  not 
seem  to  care  so  long  as  they  could 
address  old  man  Gotrocks  as  "J.  P." 
or  rub  shoulders  with  old  Astorbilt— 
and  probably  damn  the  unions. 

Maybe  there  are  union  officials  who 
want  to  break  into  that  kind  of  a  set- 
up, but  we  doubt  if  there  are  very 
many.  The  union  school  is  a  hard 
school.  Occasionally  a  phony  swims 
to   the   top.    But  nine   times   out  of 


12 


THE    CARPENTER 


ten  a  union  official  gets  to  the  top 
because  he  is  capable  and  sincere.  A 
director  of  a  corporation  who  is  a 
phori}"  rna\"  hang  on  to  his  job  for 
his  lifetime  because  he  ne\'er  meets 
the  stockholders  face  to  face.  But 
\\"ith  a  business  agent  or  financial 
secretary  it  is  different.  E^'erA"  day 
he  cames  into  contact  with  the  peo- 
ple who  hire  him,  and  once  or  t^.^ice 
a  month  he  has  to  meet  them  face  to 
face  in  a  meeting  to  account  for  his 
stewardship.  Tlie  union  official  who 
is  not  sincere  does  not  usualh"  last 
very  long.  Of  course  there  are  ex- 
ceptions here  and  there  and  that  is 
exacth"  what  they   are— exceptions. 

It  has  been  the  experience  of  this 
v.-riter  that  labor  officials  are  not  al- 
wa}"S  accorded  the  front  pews  when 
a  visiting  celebrit}'  is  coming  to  to\\"n 
or  when  a  fine  civic  project  is  to  be 
dedicated  or  when  an  unusual  cele- 
bration to  take  place,  but  there  is 
one  time  when  labor  gets  the  lime- 
light. That  is  when  there  is  blood 
to  raise  for  the  blood  bank,  or  funds 
to  collect  for  the  Communit}'  Fund  or 
Red  Cross.  Then  labor  is  gi\'en  all 
the  pats  on  the  back  it  can  take. 
"\A"hether  it  is  blood   or  dollars,   the 


workers  are  urged  to  give  amid  great 

whoopla  and  fanfare.  And  in^'ariably 
they  do  gi\'e;  which  is  as  it  should  be 
since  they  are  all  good  causes.  But 
we  ha\"e  }"et  to  see  any  such  organ- 
ized whoopla  inaugurated  to  get 
members  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce to   give  blood. 

In  the  final  anah'sis.  an\'  labor 
leader  who  feels  frustrated  because 
of  his  position  is  either  ignorant  or 
gullible.  Hardly  an  issue  of  this  jour- 
nal published  durmg  the  past  year 
failed  to  carr}-  a  stor}-  of  some  Local 
L  nion  in  Texas  or  Kansas  or  Illinois 
\'oluntarih-  rebuilding  a  burned  out 
house  for  some  unfortunate  feUow 
citizen  or  donating  the  labor  on  the 
construction  of  a  Boy  Scout  camp  or 
mammoth  stage  for  a  community 
celebration.  These  are  the  things 
that  realh"  count  in  any  societ}'.  For 
those  who  like  them,  tea  dansantes 
and  cotillions  are  okay.  But  in  the 
sohd  things  of  this  life,  the  things 
that  make  hfe  better  for  a  lot  of 
people,  the  union  men  and  women 
are  in  the  vei}-  front  ranks.  -\nd  the 
back  of  our  hand  to  an}'  and  all  dil- 
letantes  who  say  otherwise.— Peter  E. 
Terzick, 


League  to  Distribute  Funds  About  March  1st 

About  March  1.  Labor's  League  for  Political  Education  will  begin  sending  to  state  LLPE 
units  their  shares  of  campaign  funds  it  is  collecting. 

Workers  are  making  S2  voluntary-  contributions  to  Labor's  League  for  the  1950  Con- 
gressional campaign.  All  money  to  be  used  by  Labor's  League  in  the  campaign  is  con- 
tributed voluntarily. 

The  contributions  are  sent  to  the  national  LLPE  orBce  in  Washington  v%"here  the>'  are 
processed  according  to  the  pro\-i5ions  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Act. 

T-H  provides  that  workers'  organizations  must  raise  money  voluntarily  for  Congres- 
sional pohtical  campaigns.  Xo  union  funds  may  be  used  for  that  purpose.  And  there  are 
strict  regulations  concerning  records  of  the  volvmtarj'  contributions. 

Half  of  the  money  voluntarily  contributed  in  each  state  wiU  be  sent  back  to  that  state. 
The  other  half  goes  into  a  national  fund  to  be  used  wherever  it  vriB.  do  the  most  good. 

About  March  1  the  states'  half  of  contributions  made  up  to  that  time  will  be  sent  to 
tlie  states.   The  fund  campaign  got  under  way  about  two  months  ago. 

After  the  initial  distribution  of  money,  states  will  receive  their  half  of  additional  funds 
collected  the  first  of  each  month,    -  -    '"  ' 


13 


THE  NATION  HONORS  GOMPERS 


A  HUNDRED  YEARS  ago  a  Jewish  boy  was  born  in  a  little  one-room 
flat  of  an  East  Side  London  slum.  His  parents,  desperately  poor,  named 
him  after  an  ancient  Hebrew  prophet.  To  the  world,  he  became  famous 
as  Samuel  Gompers. 

On  the  5th  of  last  month  one  of  the  largest  crowds  ever  to  attend  a  ban- 
quet in  the  nation's  capital  thronged  into  Washington's  biggest  hotel  to  pay 
tribute  to  that  boy.  


President  Truman  left  a  heavy  load 
of  work  at  the  White  House  to  join 
in  the  tribute.  Vice-President  Alben 
W.  Barkley  was  the  ace  orator  of  the 
evening.  Five  members  of  the  Presi- 
dent's Cabinet,  as  well  as  many  mem- 
bers of  Congress  and  other  notables, 
also  came  to  honor  the  memory  of 
the  man  who  has  gone  down  in  his- 
tory as  American  labor's  greatest 
leader  and  statesman. 

Over  1,000  guests  occupied  ta- 
bles in  two  big  halls  of  the  hotel. 
Every  affiliate  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor,  which  Gom- 
pers founded  in  1881  and  headed— 
with  the  exception  of  one  year— un- 
til his  death  in  1924,  was  repre- 
sented, along  with  officials  of  many 
independent  imions.  Nearly  all 
Standard  Railroad  Labor  Organi- 
zations had  delegates  present. 

The  banquet  was  the  "sendoff" 
for  the  Samuel  Gompers'  Centen- 
nial year.  Local  and  state  celebra- 
tions are  to  follow  all  over  the 
country,  and  coupled  with  these, 
the  Federation  has  established  an 
organizing  goal  of  a  million  new 
members  in  1950  as  a  monument 
to  Gompers. 

Secretary-Treasurer   George 
Meany  of  the  A.  F.  of  L.,  banquet 
toastmaster,  set  the  keynote  when  he 
declared  that  the  immigrant  boy,  who 


came  to  these  shores  at  the  age  of  13, 
was  a  great  American  "who  believed 
in  freedom  for  all." 

"To  Gompers,  the  United  States 
came  first,"  Meany  said.  "Running 
like  a  thread  through  his  life  was  his 
love  of  country.  He  left  a  great  heri- 
tage and  a  great  responsibility,  which 
we  shall  fulfill." 

Barkley    made    a    tremendous    hit. 


SAMUEL  GOMPERS 

One   of  his  most   attentive   listeners 
was  the  lovely  lady  who  became  Mrs. 


14 


THE    CARPENTER 


Barkley  only  a  few  weeks  ago.  She 
sat  beside  him  at  the  speakers'  table. 

The  "Veep"  started  off  in  a  light 
vein  wdth  a  t\^pical  Barkleyism  that 
drew  roars  of  laughter.  Referring  to 
the  hundreds  of  vice-presidents  of 
various  unions  present,  he  declared: 
"I  didn't  realize  I'd  have  so  much 
competition  tonight.  I  haven't  seen 
so  many  vice-presidents  since  I  was 
inaugurated." 

Then,  in  a  serious  note,  he  told  of 
his  acquaintance  with  Gompers  in  the 
days  when  he  was  a  member  of  the 
House  "I  doubt  there  has  e\'er  been 
or  ever  can  be  a  labor  leader  who  can 
so  indelibly  impress  his  personality  on 
the  countr}'."  Barkley  declared. 

"Samuel  Gompers  found  America 
the  land  of  promise,"  the  Vice  Presi- 
dent continued.  "He  helped  to  make 
it  a  land  of  fulfillment.  The  American 
way  of  life  was  humanized  and  en- 
riched by  his  life  and  his  labors. 

"He  fought  and  won  the  battles 
against  sweatshops  and  star\'ation 
wages,  against  industrial  serfdom  and 
oppression.  He  met  and  defeated  the 
challenge  of  Communist  attempts  to 
control  the  labor  movement.  He  be- 
lieved that  in  a  free  country  free 
working  men  and  women,  acting  to- 
gether of  their  own  free  will,  could 
impro\-e  their  standard  of  living 
through  democratic  processes— history 
now  records  how  right  he  was." 

Barkley  wound  up  by  declaring, 
amid  cheers,  that  the  labor  movement 
is  "our  greatest  bulwark  against  un- 
democratic influences"  and  that  so 
long  as  this  movement  remains  strong, 
"Crackpots  and  others  who  want  to 
overthrow  our  way  of  life  will  not 
succeed." 

President  Truman's  appearance  was 
the  highlight  of  the  affair.  Few  knew 
he  was  coming  until  Meany  an- 
nounced that  a  committee  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Council  had  gone  out  to  "es- 


cort into  this  hall  a  great  American 
and  a  great  friend  of  the  little  people." 

Wlien  Truman  came  in  a  moment 
later,  pandemonium  followed.  Guests 
cheered,  whistled,  pounded  tables, 
and  clapped  hands  as  the  Chief  Ex- 
ecu  ti\'e  walked  to  the  dais.  They  re- 
peated the  outburst  when  he  was 
formally  introduced.  Truman  made 
his  talk  brief. 

"I  ha\'e  been  at  the  'House'  all  even- 
ing working  on  two  more  messages  to 
Congress,"   he    said.     "I    was    sitting 
there  thinking  of  this  celebration  for  ■ 
a   great   labor   statesman   and   I  just  ' 
couldn't  stay  away. 

"I  remember  Gompers  distinctly  as 
the  originator  of  a  great  movement 
which  set  labor  free. 

"I  remember  when  he  passed  away. 
That  was  the  year  I  was  defeated  for 
re-election— and  they  haven't  suc- 
ceeded in  doing  that  to  me  since." 

The  sally  about  his  victories  brought 
a  burst  of  laughter,  which  was  re- 
peated when  Truman  declared:  "Gom- 
pers was  not  only  a  labor  statesman, 
in  bipartisan  sense,  but  as  good  a 
Democrat  as  I  was." 

"I  consider  it  a  high  honor,"  Tru- 
man said,  in  closing,  "to  be  asked  to 
pay  tribute  to  one  of  the  greatest 
leaders  who  ever  lived." 

As  Truman  left,  the  audience  gave 
him  a  third  demonstration  that  shook 
the  rafters. 

Serious,  extended  eulogies  to  Gom- 
pers were  delivered  by  two  of  his 
long-time  associates— President  Will- 
iam Green,  and  Vice-President  Mat- 
thew Woll.  Green  has  ably  piloted 
the  Federation  since  Gompers'  death. 

Green  told  how  young  Sam  came 
from  the  slums  of  London  to  the  tene- 
ments of  New  York  City;  how  he 
learned  the  trade  of  cigarmaking,  and 
while  stni  a  youngster  fought  to  build 
the  Cigarmakers'  union  so  as  to  wipe 
out  the  sweatshop  conditions  under 
which  the  toilers  of  his  craft  labored. 


J 


THE    CARPENTER  15 

Green  described  Gompers'  achieve-  Green  said.  "It  is  the  kind  of  organ- 
ments  as  president  of  the  Cigarmak-  ization  in  which  any  free  nation  may 
ers,  and  recounted  how  he  spear-  take  pride.  It  is  part  of  the  Hfestream 
headed  the  creation  of  the  A.  F.  of  L.  of  American  democracy." 
in  an  era  when  workers  had  to  strug-  ,^,  „  n  i  >-,  ,  , 
gle  every  inch  of  the  way  with  "cap-  J^""^}  '^""^^^^^  Gompers  champion- 
tains  of  industry  who  were  strong  ^^^P  °^  the  prmciples  of  action  by  the 
and  ruthless "  workers     through    free,    voluntary. 

From  50,000  members  in  1881,  the  ^on-governmental  bodies.    It  was  his 

Federation  grew  to  three  million  by  conviction   that  no  lasting   gain  has 

the  time  Gompers'  died  and  to  almost  ^^^^  ^«"^«  *^«"^  compulsion." 

eight   million   today,   Green   pointed  "The  life  and  labors  of  Gompers," 

out.  Woll  added,  "impressively  dramatize 

"The  organization  he  built  stands  the    greatness    of    American    democ- 

today  unchanged  in  basic  principles,"  racy."— Labor 


Canadian  Labor  Demands  Action  on  Unemployment 

The  Trades  and  Labor  Congress  of  Canada,  in  a  joint  letter  concerning  the 
unemployment  situation  to  the  Prime  Minister  and  the  Cabinet,  with  the 
Canadian  Congress  of  Labor,  has  asked  the  Government  to  "take  appropriate 
steps  to  meet  what  has  become  a  national  emergency."  Pointing  out  "in  the 
strongest  possible  manner"  that  "the  unemployment  situation  in  Canada  has 
recently  become  so  serious  as  to  cause  grave  apprehensions,"  the  letter  urges 
the  Government  to  "make  the  full  facts  known." 

Though  the  published  figures  of  claimants  on  the  live  unemployment  reg- 
ister under  the  Unemployment  Insurance  Act  for  the  month  of  October  show 
a  90%  increase  over  those  for  October,  1948,  the  regular  monthly  report  on 
claims  for  benefits  under  the  Act  have  been  withheld  for  the  last  three  months. 
Since  then,  it  is  known,  the  situation  has  'l)ecome  drastically  worse."  The  two 
Congresses  have  protested  "most  emphatically"  against  this  failure  of  the  Gov- 
ernment to  make  known  the  figures  on  unemployment. 

Reports  available  at  the  headquarters  of  the  two  Congresses  indicate  that 
the  total  now  unemployed  in  Canada  is  more  than  300,000.  This  would  repre- 
sent more  than  six  per  cent  of  the  total  labor  force.  Though  "it  is  evident  that 
certain  Communist  groups,  following  their  usual  destructive  tactics,  are  en- 
deavoring to  exploit  the  situation,"  the  letter  urges  the  Government  not  to  let 
this  "justify  any  attempt  to  minimize  it." 

The  letter,  signed  by  Percy  R.  Bengough  and  A.  R.  Mosher,  respectively 
Presidents  of  The  Trades  and  Labor  Congress  of  Canada  and  the  Canadian 
Congress  of  Labor,  reminds  the  Government  of  its  repeated  references  to  plans 
for  taking  care  of  increased  unemployment.  "We  believe  the  time  has  come,  if 
it  is  not  in  fact  overdue,  when  these  plans  should  be  put  into  effect,"  said  the 
letter,  "and  if  they  are  not  sufficient  to  meet  the  situation,  then  further  steps 
must  be  taken." 

"The  Canadian  Labor  Movement  is  determined  not  to  permit  a  repetition 
of  the  'Hungry  Thirties,"  the  letter  concluded. 


5IP 


THE  REAL  EXPERTS 

According  to  a  recent  newspaper  article, 
people  are  pawning  their  possessions  at  a 
much  faster  rate  than  tliey  were  last  year. 
Now  maybe  the  economists  and  statisticians 
have  better  yardsticks  for  measuring  nation- 
al prosperity  than  pawn  shop  transactions, 
but  for  our  money  we  will  stick  by  the  hock 
shop  formula.  \Vlien  people  have  money 
they  buy  things.  ^Vhen  tliey  run  out  of 
money,  they  take  the  things  to  "Honest 
Ben"  or  "Uncle  Jake"  for  a  buck  or  two  in 
a  hurry.  The  college  professors  may  know  a 
lot  about  what  is  going  on  in  the  nation, 
but  "Honest  Ben"  or  "Uncle  Jake"  knows 
more  about  what  is  going  on  in  his  own 
community  than  everyone  else  combined. 
When  the  pawn  shop  ovniers  announced 
that  articles  for  pawn  are  increasing,  it  is  a 
lead  pipe  cinch  that  prosperity  is  slipping. 

The  traditional  sign  of  the  pawn  shop 
is  three  balls  hung  over  the  door.  In  case 
you  don't  know  what  the  sign  means,  you 
might  as  well  accept  Joe  Paup's  version. 
He  says  it  means,  "Two  to  one  you  don't 
get  it  back."         i^     ^     i^ 

SAD  BUT  TRUE 

Ignorance  of  the  law  is  no  excuse.  Neither 
does  it  prevent  the  losing  lawyer  from  col- 
lecting anyhow. 


SUNNV 


©  1949  (TaCC     StAMa^iTZ 


PRESIDENT 


Sr/JMiy/Tz 


**!  shoulda  known  that  you  can't 
ignore  a  union  man's  rights!" 


"The  boss  was  so  mad  he  ate  the 
imioR  contract,  but  he  still  found 
it  binding!" 

^     ¥     -¥■ 

THE  POOR  CAN'T  WIN 

With  the  budget  now  running  heavily  in 
the  red,  revisions  in  our  tax  program  seem  to 
be  a  foregone  conclusion.  Knowing  this,  the 
Big  Business  interests  have  already  launched 
a  program  designed  .to  sell  the  nation  on  the 
idea  that  less  of  the  tax  load  ought  to  be 
carried  by  the  rich  and  more  of  it  should  be 
saddled  on  the  backs  of  the  poor.  Recently 
a  pamphlet  bristling  witli  all  sorts  of  fancy 
statistics  "proving"  this  point  came  to  our 
attention.  After  a  close  half-hour  perusal  of 
the  pamphlet,  we  came  to  the  conclusion  it 
was  a  flop;  it  was  too  complicated  to  under- 
stand, and  too  small  to  vnrap  our  lunch  in. 
In  the  end,  all  we  could  think  of  was  the 
old  one  about  the  real  estate  agent's  son 
who  kept  hearing  his  dad  talk  about  deals 
involving  millions. 

One  day  the  son  came  home  and  proudly 
announced:  "Dad,  I  sold  the  dog." 

"What  for?"  asked  the  father. 

"For  $10,000."  rephed  the  boy. 

"Where's  the  money?"  continued  the  fa- 
ther. 

"Oh,  I  didn't  sell  him  for  money,"  tlie  lad 
explained.  "I  traded  him  for  tvvo  $5,000  cats." 


THE    CARPENTER  17 


McGinnis  and  the  Union  Label 

(Submitted  by  D.  C.  Noldy,  Pres.  Washington,    D.    C.    District    Council) 

Mr.  John  W.  McGinnis  was  for  unions  all  the  way; 

He  favored  larger  wages  and  a  somewhat  shorter  day. 

A  walk-out  always  pleased  him  though  he  didn't  have  a  cent. 

But  when  the  delegate  said  strike,  McGinnis  always  went. 

He  did  the  shopping  for  his  wife  because  he  liked  to  know 

That  naught  save  the  union  articles  were  purchased  with  his  dough. 

Has  it  got  the  union  label?    McGinnis  used  to  say, 

Has  it  got  the  union  label?    Show  it  to  me  if  you're  able. 

If  it  hasn't  got  the  label  take  the  bloomin'  thing  away. 

McGinnis  had  no  children  though  he  hoped  to  have  some  day, 
And  his  wife  who  "seen  her  duty"  was  opinioned  the  same  way. 
So  when  the  stork  arrived  one  day  and  brought  a  bouncing  boy, 
McGinnis  was  elated— he  was  overcome  with  joy. 
He  looked  the  baby  over— his  face  wreathed  in  a  grin- 
When  all  at  once  a  thought  occurred  which  filled  him  with  chagrin. 

Has  it  got  the  union  label?    McGinnis  used  to  say. 

Has  it   got  the  union   label?    Show   it  to  me   if  you're   able. 

If  it  hasn't  got  the  label  take  the  bloomin'  thing  away. 

Now  John  W.  McGinnis  was  a  man  of  good  repute; 

He  went  to  church  on  Sunday  in  his  union  tailored  suit. 

Like  so  many  other  union  men,  he  led  a  blameless  life. 

And  when  he  died  the  neighbors  said  "the  blow  will  kill  his  wife." 

He  reached  the  pearly  gate  on  time  as  upright  spirits  do; 

"Welcome,"  was  Peter's  greeting,  and  "I  have  a  harp  for  you." 

Has  it  got  the  union  label?    McGinnis  used  to  say, 

Has  it  got  the  union  label?    Show  it  to  me  if  you're  able. 

If  it  hasn't  got  the  label  take  the  bloomin'  thing  away. 


A  UNIQUE  BILL  It  will  be  interesting  to  follow  the  pro- 

A  freshman  Congressman  last  month  in-  ff^  "^  J^  b^"-  ^H'^^-  *^'^  .^'."°  f""^^ 

troduced  in  the  House  a  bill  which  would,  ^"^  *^*  *«  overwhelmmg  majority  of  our 

.£  1  •         u    r^„   ^..^^o 4^^  fii^  Congressmen  are  scrupulously  honest,  at  the 

if  passed,  require   all  Congressmen,   to  fale  *  ^.  ,        i -n       ■  i  ^  i      i       i     r 

r  n       J  1  .  1 ,4.  ^r  „ii  •  same  time  such  a  bill  might  be  handy  tor 

a  full  and  complete  annual  report  ot  all  m-  ..       ,i       i  r         fi  .     xr      .i 

come,     including    retainer    fees    from    law  separating  the  sheep  from  the  goats.  If  noth- 

partnerships.  The  latter  kind  of  income  has  ^"g  ^^'f  ^l  J^^^t  this   subject   gives   us   an 

caused    some    raised    eyebrows   on    Capitol  excuse  for  bringing  up  a  story  we  like  about 

TTii    rr  i-  u     •  „      •  +-^  a  bookkeeper  who  was  being  tried  tor  em- 

HiU.  It  a  corporation  or  business  association  ,        ,.       ,  ^.^         .„.        ,  ,, 

hands  out  money  to  a  legislator  who  is  a  bezzhng  half  a  mil  ion  dollars  over  a  twenty 

lawyer,  the  matter  could  be  construed  as  a  l^^'  P^""^  f^°"^  ^lie  corporation  employing 
bribe.  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  legislator        ^™" 

is  a  lawyer  and  has  a  law  firm  back  home,  After  listening  to  all  the  testimony,   the 

the  firm  can  take  "retainer  fees"  from  com-  J^dge  said  to  the  defendant:     It  seems  vety 

panics  and  associations  on  the  theory  that  f Grange  to  me  that  you  could  keep  on  rob- 

it  is  giving  "legal  services"  in  exchange,  a  ^ing   that   corporation   for  so  long  without 

neat    arrangement    for    any    politicos    who  being  caught. 

might   value    a  dollar   more    than   personal  "Well,"  replied  the  defendant,  "the  cor- 

integrity.  poration  was  pretty  busy  itself." 


18 


The  Role  of  Workers'  Education 


MARK  STARR 
Educational  Director  I.L.G.W.U. 

I 

"As  the  city  grev:  dyrlrig  tlie  latter  half  of  the  nineteentli  centurii.  insanitary 
conditions  increased.  It  v:as  a  common  practice  to  tlirou:  garbage  and  papers 
into  the  street.  Youngsters  earned  a  feic  coins  tv  standing  at  Broadu-ay  near 
City  Sail  icitJi  a  iroom  and,  ichen  a  mayi  or  a  icoman  icanted  to  cross  the 
street,  they  icould  sweep  a  path  through  the  muck."  (Xeic  York  Times,  ]^av. 
19.  1948) 

THIS  XEWS  STORY,  incidental  to  the  fact  that  New  York  was  re\is- 
ing  its  old  sanitan'  code,  seems  innocuous  enough.  If,  however,  an  alert 
teacher  in  Xew  York  City  public  schools  were  to  use  it  in  his  civics 
class  to  explain  that  the  private  enterprise  of  the  small  bo}-s  picking  up  pennies 
for  ser\"ice  with  their  brooms  had  perforce  to  be  replaced  by  the  public  enter- 
prise of  a  permanent  City  Board  of  Health,  that  might  be  dangerous  for  his 
record  and  professional  advancement.  If  he  were  further  to  show  that  private 
enterprise,  when  dangerous,  has  had  to  be  regulated  and  in  some  cases  to  be 
replaced  by  public  o^^^lership  and  operation  of  basic  services,  and  that  this 
process  might  have  to  be  repeated,  he  would  onh-  deepen  his  crime.  For  even 
in  Xew  York  Cit\-  the  intellectual  un- 


denvorld  of  frightened  reaction  in- 
fluences teachers,  principals  and 
supervisors;  and  some  members  of 
the  Board  of  Education  might  re- 
gard such  speculations  as  dangerous 
thoughts. 

In  contrast,  effecti\-e  workers'  edu- 
cation must  continually  point  out  the 
inconsistencies  of  our  social  life  (for 
example,  X'ew  York  teachers  who 
must  teach  cleanliness  to  their  stu- 
dents despite  the  lack  of  soap  and 
towels  in  the  school  washroom)  and 
study  the  present  to  help  build  the 
future.  Such  critical  alertness  to  chal- 
lenge and  change  is,  of  course,  the 
basis  of  all  good  teaching  procedures. 

A  time-honored  stor}-  about  the  dif- 
ference between  workers'  education 
and  other  forms  runs  thus:  A  diligent 
teacher  in  a  home  economics  class 
had   given    a    good  lesson   upon   the 


nutritive  values  of  soup  bones  ob- 
tained for  a  few  pennies  at  the 
butcher  shop.  She  paused  at  the 
end  to  ask  for  questions  and  finally 
one  gaimt  Scotch  lady  at  the  back 
of  the  classroom  demanded,  "\Mio  had 
the  meat  off  those  bones  in  the  first 
place?"  It  is  such  probing  and  dis- 
turbing questions  which  workers'  edu- 
cation must  ask  about  our  social  sys- 
tem if  it  is  to  fill  its  roll  as  intellectual 
d\Tiamite.  blazing  the  way  through 
outmoded  institutions  to  more  dem- 
ocratic and  just  ways  of  li\'ing.  It  is 
this  disturbing  quality  which  makes 
workers'  education  suspect,  both  to 
the  cloistered  academic  and  the  satis- 
fied supporter  of  the  status  quo. 

In  Britain  workers'  education,  as 
advocated  by  the  Xational  Council 
of  Labor  Colleges,  made  its  slogan 
"Education  for  Emancipation."    The 


THE    CARPENTER 


19 


movement  in  other  European  coun- 
tries was  also  linked  to  the  advocacy 
of  social  changes  by  consent.  In  the 
United  States  this  phase  has  never 
been  stressed  because  the  circum- 
stances are  different.  The  intellectual 
climate  and  the  alignment  of  the  con- 
tending social  groups  and  forces  re- 
flects a  different  geographic,  eco- 
nomic and  historic  environment,  the 
analysis  of  which  goes  beyond  the 
scope  of  this  article.  But  the  chal- 
lenge of  workers'  education  to  ortho- 
dox education  and  the  institutions 
which  it  supports  is  not  by  any  means 
absent  in  the  U.S.A. 

II 

Instead  of  the  Three  R's  of  the  old- 
fashioned  public  school,  workers'  edu- 
cation might  well  be  listed  as  teaching 
the  Three  D's,  First  of  all,  workers' 
education  is  a  necessary  discipline. 
In  this  age,  when  students  "get  by," 
when  lecturers  must  be  vaudeville 
artists,  when  wisdom  must  be  trans- 
lated into  would-be  wise-cracks,  when 
a  deadly  corrosion  and  a  sapping  of 
our  moral  fibre  are  indicated  by  the 
give-away  radio  shows,  the  sugges- 
tive sexy  nature  of  our  tabloid  news- 
papers and  by  many  of  our  movies- 
such  a  discipline  is  vitally  necessary. 
While  the  Harvard  Report  may  not 
have  evoked  general  consent  in  every 
particular,  its  reference  to  the  ever- 
increasing  and  unprecedented  debili- 
tation of  the  public  mind  by  radio, 
mOvies,  newspapers  and  comics  com- 
pel general  approval. 

Elsewhere  the  writer  in  a  paper, 
"The  Menace  of  Social  Illiteracy,"  has 
described  the  dangerous  competition 
now  faced  by  the  modern  educator 
in  the  mass  media  of  communication 
just  mentioned  which  now  overshad- 
ow the  home,  school  and  church  in 
the  formation  of  public  opinion.  We 
all  see  the  long  lines  of  eager,  excited 
kids  outside  our  movies  on  Saturday 


mornings  for  the  doubtful  fare  pro- 
vided. When,  as  now,  television  en- 
ables us  to  hear  and  see  more  about 
beer  or  to  watch  two  otherwise 
grown-up  men  nose  peanuts  across 
the  contest  floor  to  win  the  sponsor's 
product,  men's  inventive  genius  seems 
perverted  to  futility.  One  pathetically 
recalls  Hamlet's  "W^hat  a  piece  of  work 
is  man!  ...  in  form  and  moving  how 
express  and  admirable!" 

In  confirmation  of  the  writer's  anx- 
iety, the  summary  given  by  J.  Donald 
Adams  in  the  New  York  Times  Book 
Review  (Sept.  12,  1948)  may  be  cited: 

"Our  favorite  recreational  reading  deals 
in  elaborately  concocted  means  of  murder- 
ing each  other;  the  movies  are  still  search- 
ing for  the  ultimate  in  violence  that  can 
be  crowded  into  an  hour  and  a  half  on  the 
screen;  the  last  thing  you  will  find  in  the 
comics  is  a  laugh;  the  picture  magazines 
are  apparently  determined  to  probe  the  re- 
lation between  the  seeing  eye  and  the  quiet 
stomach.  No  sooner  have  we  adjusted  our- 
selves with  a  released  monster  in  the  form 
of  atomic  energy  than  we  are  bombarded 
with  books  telling  us  that  even  if  we  escape 
atomic  and  biological  warfare,  the  human 
race  is  a  gone  goose  anyway  unless  it  stops 
plundering  its  resources,  and  pronto. 

"The  opinion  poll— one  of  the  smartest 
conjuring  stunts  the  Devil  has  thought  up 
since  he  started  in  business— tells  us  what 
we  think  even  before  we  have  made  up  our 
minds.  (Written  before  Nov.  2,  1948.)  It 
is  only  one  phase  of  our  favorite  sport  of 
frightening  one  another  with  statistics,  which 
are  the  inost  grotesque  false-faces  made  in 
our  time.  If  ever  we  take  to  worshiping  bra- 
zen images,  ours  will  be  a  monstrous  neon 
numeral  set  up  in  Times  Square  and  its 
country- wide  equivalents.  A  statistician's 
handful  of  incipient  exhibitions  and  confes- 
sion-starved individuals  submits  to  detailed 
questioning  on  its  sex  habits,  and  the  pub- 
lished results  are  received  like  a  carved  tab- 
let from  Sinai." 

Workers'  education  helps  the  work- 
er, despite  the  pressure  of  making  a 
living  and  the  many  claims  upon  his 
leisure,  to  take  himself  in  hand  and 
make  serious  and  consecutive  study 


20 


THE     CARPEXTER 


of  some  dndsion  of  the  social  sciences 
or  to  acquire  skills  in  public  speaking 
and  parliamentary  law  and  political 
activit}'  by  the  tool  course  of  the 
workers'  education  program.  Impor- 
tantly, such  study  is  usually  made  by 
groups,  composed  of  individuals  shar- 
ing the  same  problems.  The  advan- 
tages of  group  approach  as  contrasted 
with  the  solitary  burning  of  the  mid- 
night oil  are  ob\"ious  to  all  who  ha\'e 
enjoyed  the  stimulation  of  group  dis- 
cussion by  adults  of  wide  and  di\'er- 
sified  experience  and  under  compe- 
tent guidance. 

Such  groups  at  their  best  accept 
the  creed  of  W.  K.  Clifford,  the  Brit- 
ish scientist,  who  said  that  we  should 
try  "to  do  as  weU  as  possible  what 
we  can  do  best;  to  work  for  the  im- 
provement of  the  social  organization; 
to  seek  earnestly  after  truth  and  only 
to  accept  pro^-isionally  opinions  one 
has  not  enquired  into;  to  regard  men 
as  comrades  in  work  and  their  free- 
dom as  a  sacred  thing;  in  fact,  to  rec- 
ognize the  enormous  and  fearful  dff- 
ference  between  truth  and  falsehood, 
right  arid  wrong,  and  how  truth  and 
right  are  to  be  got  b}'  free  enquiry 


The  immediate  purpose  of  workers' 
education  in  the  U.S.A.  is  to  train  for 
trade  imion  service.  In  vocational  ed- 
ucation workers  hope  to  learn  more 
to  earn  more;  but  increased  technical 
education,  helping  the  worker  to  pro- 
duce more,  does  not  mean  that  the 
workers  as  such  get  more.  \\'orkers' 
education  is  also  differentiated  from 
hobbies  and  the  stud\"  of  the  humani- 
ties by  its  practical  application  for 
group  purposes.  Courses  for  n  e  w 
members,  training  for  union  officers, 
the  specialized  study  of  the  econom- 
ics of  given  industries  and  the  histor}- 
of  particular  unions  and  of  the  gen- 
eral labor  movement  with  analvsis  of 


their  structure  and  functioning  enjoy 
priority.  Summer  institutes,  sometimes 
utilizing  the  staff  and  plant  of  colleges 
and  universities,  seem  the  most  effec- 
tive agency  in  recent  years.  Most 
progress  is  made  when  the  unions  on 
a  national  or  state  level  set  up  their 
own  educational  departments,  which 
make  articulate  the  unions'  needs,  and 
participate  in  preparation  and  execu- 
tion of  educational  programs  when 
cooperation  is  given  by  the  institu- 
tions of  higher  learning. 

An  evaluation  of  the  experiments 
aheady  made  by  some  60  institutions 
of  higher  learning  in  the  field  of  labor 
relations  has  been  made  by  Caroline 
Ware  in  "Labor  and  the  Universities" 
(American  Labor  Education  Senice, 
1946;.  Such  cooperation  has  its  o\^tl  ■ 
dangers  as  recently  ex-posed  at  the  ' 
L'niversit}-  of  Michigan.  Here  a  suc- 
cessful Workers  Education  Extension 
project,  serving  some  60,000  trade 
unionists,  was  suspended  and  its 
leader  dismissed  because  of  com- 
plaints instigated  by  General  Motors.  ' 
At  present  \\Titing,  the  project  has 
been  re\ived  but  has  been  robbed  of 
its  pre\-ious  freedom  to  experiment, 
its  flexibilit}-  to  carr}-  classes  into  the 
workshop  and  union  haU  and  of  its 
originating  personnel. 

Ill 

Workers'  education  should,  in  the 
second  place,  be  a  directive.  So  far,  in 
the  United  States,  the  labor  unions 
and  their  leaders,  under  the  early  and 
continuing  influence  of  Samuel  Gom- 
pers,  have  prided  themselves  upon 
ha\-ing  no  philosophy  and  no  agreed 
ultimate  aims.  Thus  they  proved  that 
they  were  native  to  the  pragmatic  ch- 
mate  of  the  U.S.A.  However,  this 
phase  is  passing— for  the  trade  unions 
and  indeed  for  the  United  States  it- 
self. The  labor  movement  generally 
must  begin  to  formulate  aims  which 
will  direct  its  action  for  the  next  cen- 


THE    CARPENTER 


21 


tury  and  more.  When  unions  were 
small,  their  relation  to  the  community, 
the  nation  and  the  world  was  not  so 
important;  they  could  operate  safely 
by  rule  of  thumb.  But  what  over  15 
million  workers  and  their  relatives  do 
—since  the  New  Deal  decade  brought 
Labor  unprecedented  strength— h  a  s 
significance  and  can  no  longer  be  left 
to  instinctive  reactions. 

Because  orthodox  educational  insti- 
tutions do  not  feel  or  understand  the 
motivation  of  the  labor  movement  and 
do  not,  except  in  rare  cases,  sympa- 
thize with  the  aims  and  ideals  of  or- 
ganized labor,  they  cannot  of  them- 
selves give  this  directive.  Even  if  they 
were  able  to  formulate  a  philosophy 
for  Labor,  it  is  not  likely  that  it  would 
be  accepted  with  confidence.  A  new 
outlook  cannot  be  an  intellectual 
hand-me-down.  Movements,  like  men, 
have  to  sweat  out  their  own  philoso- 
phy and  apply  it  if  it  is  to  mean  any- 
thing. 

To  be  anti-Communist  or  anti-Fas- 
cist  is  not  enough.  Labor  must  have 
a  positive  program.  Despite  the  fact 
that  the  leaders  of  the  American  Fed- 
eration of  Labor,  the  Congress  of  In- 
dustrial Organizations  and  the  Rail- 
road Brotherhoods  all  give  lip  service 
to  private  enterprise  and  sometimes 
use  collectivism  as  a  threat  to  recal- 
citrant employers,  it  seems  clear  that 
that  the  philosophy  of  Labor  will  be 
based  upon  and  influenced  by  the 
New  Deal  experiences  of  1933-43.  The 
voluntarism  of  Gompers— who  looked 
upon  the  State  with  the  same  sus- 
picion as  Herbert  Spencer— has  been 
eroded  rather  than  abandoned.  Never 
again  will  there  be  a  depression  dur- 
ing which  the  people  of  the  U.S.A. 
will  not  expect  a  repetition  of  the 
remedies  improvised  during  the 
1930's.  Never  will  there  be  a  large- 
scale    problem    of    flood    prevention, 


utilization  of  water-power,  and  of  ir- 
rigation and  land  conservation  with- 
out a  reference  to  the  success  of  the 
TVA.  Free  enterprise  will  be  ex- 
pected to  be  responsible  free  enter- 
prise—responsible to  the  community 
in  which  it  operates.  (The  outcry  by 
local  conservatives  in  Nashua,  N.  H., 
against  the  proposal  by  Textron  and 
its  head,  Mr.  Little,  to  abandon  its 
mills  and  discharge  3000  workers  is 
a  current  example  of  the  responsibili- 
ty expected.)  Free  enterprise  will  in- 
clude both  public  and  private  enter- 
prise. The  community  will  conscious- 
ly use  the  powers  of  its  government 
for  welfare  purposes.  We  shall  do  to- 
gether as  citizens  through  the  agency 
of  the  state  what  we  cannot  do  as  in- 
dividuals. Maybe  this  will  be  called 
democratic  collectivism  and  maybe  it 
will  not  be  given  an  accepted  label. 
In  essence,  it  will  mean  social  plan- 
ning plus  the  Bill  of  Rights.  It  will 
mean  a  re-education  for  us  all  in  our 
concepts  of  success.  It  will  mean  new 
incentives  of  social  service.  It  will 
mean  freedom  and  security. 

This  outlook  will  be  first  developed 
by  workers'  education  because  it  is  a 
new  force  developed  from  below. 
Nevertheless,  all  men  and  women  of 
social  intelligence  in  every  social  stra- 
tum will  aid  to  develop  and  apply 
this  new  frame  of  reference. 

IV 

The  other  great  service  of  workers' 
education  is  to  serve  as  a  dynamic. 
Group  study  of  problems  in  workers' 
education  fails  unless  it  results  in 
group  action  for  their  attempted  solu- 
tion. It  cannot  be  content  with  the 
right  to  ask  questions.  "Knowledge 
for  the  sake  of  knowledge"  is  equiva- 
lent to  saying  "garbage  cans  for  the 
sake  of  garbage  cans."  Acquirement 
of  knowledge  by  itself  is  an  incom- 
plete procedure.  Knowledge  must  be 
a  guide  and  a  spur  to  action  if  it  is 


22 


THE    CARPENTER 


going  to  rescue  itself  from  sterilit}'. 
The  dilettante  must  be  replaced  by 
the  social  activist.  Theory  and  prac- 
tice must  ever  be  in  mutual  and  bene- 
ficial reaction,  the  one  to  the  other. 
You  cannot  drive  safely  by  looking 
only  in  the  rear  mirror.  News  from 
the  graveyard  and  philosophic  mean- 
darings  about  past  civilization  are  of 
little  help  to  men  and  women  faced 
with  the  problems  of  the  insecurity  of 
life,  the  struggle  to  elevate  standards 
of  life  and  the  threat  of  modern  war. 

Belief  and  education  should  end  in 
action.  For  example,  a  theoretical  be- 
lief in  world  unity  is  of  little  value 
unless  we  tr}-  to  make  UNESCO  func- 
tion effectively.  Education  should  not 
only  teach  us  what  to  do  but  how  to 
do  it;  not  only  how  to  think  but  what 
to  think  in  such  a  way  as  to  influence 
oiu"  fellow  citizens.  In  all  this,  of 
course,  education  can  become  per- 
nicious if  directed  to  create  antagon- 
ism against  another  group.  This  dan- 
ger we  have  seen  demonstrated  at 
great  peril  and  with  immeasurable 
cost  to  humanity  in  the  Fascist  and 
Soviet  states.  In  the  U.  S.  A.  also  we 
must  be  aware  of  the  same  danger 
arising  from  the  activity  of  our  pro- 
fessional patriots  who  would  inter- 
pret patriotism  as  the  hatred  of  other 
peoples'  countries  instead  of  love  of 
their  own.  Nero  fiddling  while  Rome 
burned  seems,  in  comparison,  a  harm- 
less pyromaniac  compared  to  those 
who,  after  Hiroshima,  still  hymn  na- 
tionalist hates  and  rivalries.  Surely 
in  a  world  in  which  technical  science 
has  split  the  atom,  social  science  must 
unite  that  world  and  quickh'! 

Education,  as  the  tongues  in  Aesop's 
fable,  can  be  the  best  and  the  worst 
thing  in  the  world.  Education  which 
aimlessly  distracts  our  attention  to 
trifles;  education  which  poisons  with 
ideas  of  nationalist  and  racial  superi- 


ority ond  sovereignty';  and  even  edu- 
cation which  is  fixed  in  a  fluid  world 
—all  are  positive  dangers. 

These  are  the  Three  D's  of  workers' 
education;  as  a  discipline,  a  directive 
and  a  d>Tiamic,  which  give  it  an  im- 
portant role  in  our  endeavor  to  de- 
fend, build  and  enrich  Democracy. 
One  should  not,  however,  expect  too 
much  from  the  beginnings  of  workers' 
education  but  it  will  serve  as  a  leaven 
in  the  workers'  movement  despite  the 
relative  poverty  of  its  present  facilities 
relative  to  its  potentiality.  The  per- 
version of  mass  media  to  distraction 
and  amusement  creates  definite  ob- 
stacles to  workers'  education.  Yet  it 
is  encouraging  to  report  that  the  mod- 
em mass  media  are  being  influenced 
by  the  great  advance  of  Labor  which 
began  so  notedly  in  1933.  Some  of 
these  media,  including  the  "comics," 
are  being  sublimated.  Labor  is  at- 
taining a  sense  of  responsibility  equiv- 
alent to  its  increased  power.  The 
experience  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Act 
convinced  it  that  what  the  govern- 
ment could  give,  the  government 
could  take  away,  and  that  Labor 
would  have  to  think  out  new  meth- 
ods and  aims  in  political  action.  Al- 
ready it  has  increased  participation 
by  union  members  in  the  privilege  of 
voting.  Labor  is  anxious  and  willing 
to  improve  its  own  organization  and 
to  improve  the  techniques  of  Labor- 
Management  cooperation.  It  is  anx- 
ious to  study  the  function  of  labor 
unions  in  industries  and  ser^aces 
owned  or  operated  by  public  bodies. 
It  is  willing  to  replace  the  oldtime 
psychology  of  conflict  with  a  new 
psychology  of  cooperation.  It  is  pre- 
pared to  exercise  a  constructive  in- 
fluence in  industry  which  intelligent 
Management  will  welcome.  All  these 
trends  make  workers'  education  in- 
dispensable in  building  and  defend- 
ing real  democracy. 


Editorial 


The  Story  Has  Never  Been  Told 

The  battle  of  organized  labor  to  protect  the  rights  and  interests  of  working 
people  is  a  never  ending  one.  It  goes  on  day  in  and  day  out.  All  too  few 
people— and  unfortunately  this  is  almost  as  true  of  union  members  as  it  is  of 
the  general  public— realize  how  far  flung  and  involved  are  the  efforts  unions 
make  to  promote  the  welfare  of  the  people  who  belong  to  them.  A  thousand 
times  a  day  one  union  or  another  goes  to  bat  for  a  member  who  was  discharged 
without  just  cause.  Hardly  any  hour  of  any  working  day  goes  by  but  what 
some  union  uses  its  good  offices  to  secure  back  pay  or  unpaid  wages  or  proper 
seniority  for  some  member  or  members. 

Everyone  realizes  that  unions  concern  themselves  with  bettering  wages 
and  working  conditions  as  much  as  possible.  But  the  small  though  highly 
important  services  which  unions  perform  day  in  and  day  out  for  the  protec- 
tion of  individual  members  often  go  unnoticed  and  unsung.  Just  the  other 
day  a  member  of  a  Local  Union  in  California  received  a  dividend  of  some- 
thing like  $23,000  from  his  union  membership.  Seriously  injured  in  an  acci- 
dent, he  became  unable  to  follow  his  trade.  A  paltry  $1,800  was  the  best  set- 
tlement Workmen's  Compensation  Insurance  offered  him.  However,  that  was 
before  the  union  took  up  his  case.  After  the  union  took  up  his  case  the  picture 
changed  completely.  After  a  good  deal  of  negotiating,  the  union  finally  came 
out  with  a  settlement  that  will  pay  the  member  nearly  $25,000  in  the  next 
few  years. 

Nor  is  there  anything  unusual  in  this  case.  The  story  has  been  repeated 
a  thousand  times  in  difiFerent  sections  of  the  nation  since  Workmen's  Compen- 
sation Insurance  became  the  law  of  the  land  through  the  untiring  efforts  of 
organized  labor. 

Only  recently  organized  labor  in  the  states  of  Washington  and  California 
succeeded  in  overthrowing  a  pernicious  ruling  that  was  beating  numerous 
unemployed  workers  out  of  unemployment  insurance.  In  both  states  the  un- 
employment insurance  departments  handed  down  rulings  that  idle  workers 
drawing  down  jobless  benefits  were  not  entitled  to  such  benefits  if  and  when 
the  unions  to  which  they  belonged  went  on  strike  in  the  plants  where  they 
formerly  worked.  Althought  the  men  may  have  been  laid  off  because  of  slack- 
ness of  business  long  before  the  strikes  occurred,  the  state  authorities  ruled 
nevertheless  that  they  were  not  entitled  to  benefits  because  if  they  had  been 
working  at  the  time  the  strikes  were  called  they  would  have  walked  out. 
Such  far  fetched  and  illogical  reasoning  only  emphasizes  how  far  some  state 
authorities  will  go  in  an  effort  to  beat  down  claims  of  working  people.  It 
would  seem  quite  as  logical  to  convict  for  murder  a  man  who  lived  on  the 
east  coast  because  he  was  once  the  pal  of  two  men  who  committed  a  murder 
on  the  west  coast. 

However,  there  is  a  happy  ending  to  the  story.  Organized  labor  in  the 
two  states  did  not  take  the  rulings  lying  down.    All  unions  in  the  state  pro- 

(Continued  on  page  26) 


MY  NEW  CAPEHAR 


IN  JUST  O 


r^C^^   /UHi^   for  only  $49.i 

YOU  CAN  CONVERT  YOUR  PORTAB 

ELECTRIC  SAW  INTO  A  PRECISIC 

PORTABLE  RADIAL  ARM  SAW 

•  Yes ...  If  you  want  to  turn  out  hetter  work,  eat 
and  with  less  fatigue,  the  new  Capehart  Saw  G  \ 
is  the  tool  for  you!  Here's  why: 

The  new  Capehart  Saw  Gide  fills  the  cry| 
need  for  a  top-quahty,  portable,  precision  "on  ( 
job"  saw  guide  that  does  everything  you  cano 
with  the  big,  unwieldy,  high-priced  radial  an 
saws — plus  some  things  you  can't  do  with  thei; 

CROSS-CUTS  — BEVEL  CROSS-CUTS- 
MITRES— BEVEL  MITRES  — RIPS  — BEVEL 
RIPS  — NOTCHES  — DADOES*— PLOUGHS* 
RABBETS* — All  these  operations,  and  more, 
the  new  Capehart  performs  with  speed,  pre- 
cision  and  ease!  (*with  proper  cutting  head) 

Now,  for  the  first  time,  you  can  have  the  proii 
sional  saw  guide  with  all  the  advanced  featii 
demanded  by  skilled  craftsmen  .  .  .  at  the  senx 
tional  low  price  of  only  $49.95,  complete,  includi 
ripping  attachment. 

And  you  can  set  your  new  Capehart  up  m 
on  the  job,  in  5  minutes,  wherever  two  trestles  t 
available.  Don't  delay  a  single  day!  Put  U 
quality  tool  to  work  for  you  at  once.  Just  use  ifij 
order  coupon  at  the  bottom  of  the  facing  page  . . 


SAW  GIDE  PAID  FOR  ITSELF 

DAY'S  WORK  OH  THE  JOB! 


The  Precision 
Tool  of 
1001  Uses! 


ONLY   THE    NEW   CAPEHART    GIVES    YOU 
THESE    EXCLUSIVE    ADVANTAGES: 

->•  (1)  Your  total  cost  only  $49.95,  including  ripping  at- 
tachment, for  converting  your  electric  saw  to  precision 
portable  radial  arm  saw. 

>  (2)  Your  saw  retains  complete  portability.  Sets  up  right 
on  the  job  wherever  two  trestles  are  available. 

->-  (3)  Operates  with  maximum  safety  and  ease.  Fully  ad- 
justable for  precision  control  of  all  work  without  tedious 
measurements. 

->-  (4)  Cross  cuts  approximately  18  inches,  and  rips  24 
inches.  Maximum  travel  21  inches,  angle  of  cut  up  to  180 
degrees.  Quickly,  easily  produces  accurate  repetitive  work. 
->■  (5)  Shipping  weight  (not  including  saw)  approximately 
30  lbs.  Easy  to  set  up — in  less  than  5  minutes — easy  to  use. 
■>-  (6)  Fits  standard  popular  makes  of  saws.  With  proper 
cutting  head,  performs  brilliantly  in  cutting  stone,  metal, 
composition,  as  well  as  wood. 

>  (7)  Rigid,  sturdy  construction  for  Zorag-Zi/e  and  precis  jo/i 
operation. 

■>■  (8)  Protects  your  electric  saw  against  damage.  Always 
on  guide.  Always  ready  for  use. 

>  (9)  Gives  better  workmanship  with  less  effort.  Makes  the 
hard  jobs  easy!  Quickly  pays  for  itself! 

You  Be  the  Judge!       Satisfaction  Guaranteed!        Mail  Order  Below! 


YOUR  ORDER -MAIL  TODAY! 

Ship  My  Capehart  Saw  Gide  M  Once.  I  enclose  (check  or  money  order) 
for  $49.95.  If  my  Capehart  Sow  Gide  does  not  do  everything  your 
advertisement  claims — and  more — it  is  my  privilege  to  return  in  5  doys, 
undamaged,  for  complete  refund  of  purchase  price. 


Name. 


Address-. 


City : 

Mclce  and  Model  of  Your  Saw. 


.Zone. 


State. 


Including  Ripping  Attach. 

(f.o.b.  Indianapolis) 


PACKARD  MANUFACTURING  CORP. 

Dept.  CI  •  Noble  at  Market  •  Indianapolis,  Indiana 


26  THE    CARPENTER 

(Continued   from  page   23) 

tested  vehemently,  contending  that  under  such  decisions,  only  idle  workers 
wilhng  to  "scab"  could  qualify  for  unemployment  insurance  benefits.  Further, 
labor  chiefs  contended  such  rulings  violated  the  minimum  standards  laid  down 
in  the  Federal  Social  Security  Act. 

State  unemployment  insurance  systems  must  meet  these  standards  in  order 
to  qualify  for  Federal  tax  credits  under  the  internal  revenue  credit.  Denial  of 
such  credits  means  employers  in  the  state  involved  would  have  to  pay  both 
the  state  and  Federal  unemployment  insm^ance  levies  on  payrolls. 

Imposition  of  the  penalty  was  averted  when  representatives  of  the  states, 
at  hearings  called  by  Secretary  of  Labor  Maurice  J.  Tobin,  agreed  to  alter  the 
rulings  and  abide  by  the  Federal  standards.  As  a  result,  Tobin  certified  both 
states  as  in  conformity  with  Federal  law,  and  hence  entitled  to  unemployment 
insurance  credits  for  1950. 

The  story  of  what  organized  labor  has  done  and  is  doing  to  make  the  lot  of 
all  people,  particularly  working  people,  happier  and  better  would  fill  many, 
many  books.  It  is  a  story  that  has  never  been  properly  told.  Perhaps  it  never 
will  be.  In  the  end,  it  probably  does  not  matter  too  much.  So  long  as  unions 
continue  serving  as  they  have  in  the  past,  they  will  undoubtedly  continue  to 
flourish  and  prosper.  • 

Let's  Separate  The  Sheep  From  The  Goats 

Before  the  second  session  of  the  81st  Congress  was  more  than  a  couple  of 
weeks  old,  the  working  people  of  the  nation  won  a  significant  victory  in  the 
House  of  Representatives.  The  victorious  vote  did  not  call  for  an  increase  in 
Social  Security  benefits,  nor  did  it  repeal  the  obnoxious  Taft-Hartley  Law. 
What  it  did  do  was  insure  that  democratic  procedure  shall  prevail  in  the  House 
—something  that  may,  in  the  long  run,  prove  even  more  important,  since  with- 
out it  no  progressive  legislation  would  have  any  chance  of  passing. 

For  a  good  many  years  the  Rules  Committee  maintained  a  virtual  dictator- 
ship over  new  legislation  in  the  House.  Before  any  bill  could  be  brought  up 
on  the  floor  of  the  House  for  action,  it  was  necessary  for  the  bill  to  clear  the 
Rules  Committee  first.  Time  after  time  good  measures  were  bottled  up  and 
sti"angled  in  this  committee,  and  there  was  nothing  anyone  could  do  about  it. 
All  that  the  hundreds  of  Representatives  elected  by  the  people  in  democratic 
elections  could  do  was  sit  around  biting  their  nails  if  some  half  dozen  mem- 
bers of  the  Rules  Committee  chose  to  sit  on  a  bill. 

However,  after  the  fine  showing  made  by  labor  at  the  polls  in  1948,  the 
complexion  of  Congress  was  changed  considerably.  The  progressive  forces  in 
the  House  were  strengthened  considerably.  By  a  substantial  majority,  the  first 
House  session  of  the  current  Congress  voted  to  rescind  the  Rules  Committee 
dictatorship  and  substitute  in  its  stead  a  new  rule  which  permitted  the  chair- 
man of  any  standing  committee  to  bring  on  the  floor  of  the  House  any  bill 
which  was  favorably  acted  on  by  his  committee,  provided  that  the  Rules  Com- 
mittee had  not  done  so  within  a  three  week  period.  But  for  this  democratic 
rule  revision,  much  of  the  favorable  legislation  passed  by  the  House  last  year 
would  never  have  seen  the  light  of  day.  It  would  have  died  in  the  Rules  Com- 
mittee. 

In  a  surprise  move  right  after  Congress  went  back  into  session  last  month, 
the  reactionary  elements  started  a  move  to  abolish  the  democratic  new  rule 
and  substitute  in  its  stead  the  old  Rules  Committee  dictatorship  which  existed 


THE    CARPENTER  27 

for  many  years.  They  almost  succeeded,  but  after  a  hard  fight  they  were  voted 
down  by  a  small  margin.  So  the  democratic  rule  stays  in  for  the  time  being 
at  least.  Labor  led  the  democratic  fight. 

Frank  Edwards,  AFL  commentator,  in  a  broadcast  last  month  revealed  how 
vicious  the  old  Rules  Committee  gag  actually  was.  Somehow  or  other  he  ob- 
tained an  actual  transcription  of  a  meeting  at  which  the  Rules  Committee  re- 
form was  being  discussed.  Edwards  played  a  portion  of  the  transcription  over 
the  air.  Millions  of  people  must  have  heard  Senator  Cox  admitting  that  it  was 
not  unusual  for  a  Congressman  to  approach  the  Rules  Committee  and  ask  that 
the  committee  bottle  up  a  bill  for  which  the  Congressman  was  supposedly 
working.  In  other  words,  the  Rules  Committee  gag  rule  gave  unscrupulous 
Congressmen  a  chance  to  go  on  record  FOR  a  bill  while  actually  they  worked 
AGAINST  it. 

That  such  chicanery  should  go  on  in  the  greatest  legislative  body  in  the 
world  is  a  little  bit  disillusioning.  However,  it  seems  to  be  a  not  uncommon 
practice.  There  are  all  sorts  of  tricks  by  which  politicians  try  to  do  the  same 
thing.  Every  legislative  procedure  that  permits  Congressmen  to  pose  as  sheep 
while  acting  like  goats  ought  to  be  abolished.  It  ought  to  be  clear  to  the 
people  at  all  times  just  exactly  where  every  elected  official  stands  on  every 

controversial  measure.   Altogether  too  much  hedging  exists  at  present. 

• 

Registering — the  Biggest  Job  of  All 

by  JOSEPH  D.  KEENAN,  Director  Labor's  League  for  Political  Education 

The  International  Unions  and  national,  state  and  local  organizations  of  the 
AFL  have  done  a  magnificent  job  of  getting  the  truth  to  their  eight  million 
members  about  the  legislative  issues  and  the  voting  records  of  their  Congress- 
men. Through  the  labor  press,  radio  programs,  League  rallies  and  local  union 
meetings,  through  word  of  mouth  by  shop  stewards  and  League  volunteer 
workers,  our  AFL  membership  is  getting  more  and  better  political  informa- 
tion than  ever  before.  The  majority  of  our  members  now  have  sound  opinions 
about  their  Congressmen.  They  know  which  are  good  and  which  are  bad. 

But  when  it  comes  to  putting  that  opinion  into  action  at  the  polls,  we  have 
to  be  very  humble. 

The  story  of  Vincent  Murphy,  Secretary  of  the  New  Jersey  Federation,  is 
now  legend.  A  few  years  ago  Murphy  took  a  bad  licking  when  he  ran  for  gover- 
nor. But  before  the  ballots  were  counted,  everyone  was  confident  that  he  would 
win.  All  they  had  to  do  was  add  up  the  number  of  union  members  in  New 
Jersey,  and  it  was  obvious  that  the  unions  alone  had  enough  votes  to  elect  him. 

What  went  wrong?  Murphy  conducted  an  investigation  .  .  .  one  of  the 
first  of  its  kind  in  the  country.  He  found  that  the  AFL  members  had  not  voted 
against  him.  Instead,  they  just  didn't  vote  at  all.  Less  than  a  third  of  the  AFL 
members  were  registered.  Of  these  only  about  one  half  voted  on  election  day. 
Murphy  got  only  one  of  every  sLx  potential  AFL  votes.  But  as  the  final 
clincher,  Murphy  discovered  that  his  two  chief  campaign  managers  were  NOT 
REGISTERED,  and  could  not  vote  for  him. 

Don't  pass  this  New  Jersey  experience  off  as  past  history.  The  same  situa- 
tion still  exists  today  in  many  states  and  in  many  unions.  Registration  drives 
are  hard,  thankless  work.  In  spite  of  the  great  increase  in  registration  achieved 
by  our  local  Leagues  in  the  last  two  years,  surveys  show  we  have  just  scratched 
the  surface. 


28  THE    CARPENTER 

For  example,  a  check  of  the  local  union  membership  lists  is  just  being  com- 
pleted in  Baltimore.  The  local  League  reports  that  in  one  union  only  13  per 
cent  of  the  members  are  registered.  The  highest  for  any  local  is  50  per  cent 
registered.   On  the  average  only  one  out  of  four  union  members  is  registered. 

Is  that  bad?  No,  it  is  typical  .  .  .  unfortunately.  The  bright  side  to  the  story 
is  that  the  Baltimore  League  is  doing  something  about  it.  By  starting  early, 
they  will  have  eveiy  Baltimore  union  member's  name  checked  and  catalogued 
on  file  cards  six  months  ahead  of  the  final  registration  date.  They  know  it  will 
take  that  long  to  get  results. 

How  will  they  get  their  Baltimore  members  all  registered?  First,  a  dupli- 
cate card  for  every  unregistered  member  v^ill  be  sent  to  his  respective  local 
union  secretary.  It  is  up  to  each  secretary  to  get  in  touch  with  his  unregistered 
members.  This  can  be  done  in  person,  by  mail  or  through  the  shop  stewards. 
Some  unions  have  political  stewards  for  each  shop  to  do  the  job. 

As  members  get  themselves  registered,  their  cards  will  be  sent  back  to  the 
central  LLPE  office.  If  the  local  union  is  unsuccessfvil  in  getting  all  members 
registered,  the  cards  for  the  unregistered  members  will  be  turned  o\'er  to  the 
League  precinct  committeemen  to  go  to  work  on. 

Finally,  the  members  whose  names  are  still  in  the  "unregistered  file"  will 
get  a  concentration  of  appeal  from  all  sides  when  night  registration  in  each 
precinct  is  temporarily  authorized  in  Baltimore  this  summer. 

It  is  the  local  union  officers  who  must  carry  the  load  in  this  registration 
drive  all  over  the  country.  But  to  no  one  is  the  job  more  important.  If  they 
don't  do  the  job,  the  difference  will  show  up  in  dollars  and  cents  .  .  .  dollars 
and  cents  less  in  the  contracts  they  negotiate  .  .  .  dollars  and  cents  more  in 
legal  fees  to  fight  vicious  labor  laws  and  court  decisions. 

Many  unions  have  developed  their  own  techniques  for  getting  their  mem- 
bers registered.  There  is  a  local  union  in  Kansas  that  turned  the  job  over  to 
the  women's  auxiliary  .  .  .  needless  to  say  they  got  an  absolute  100  per  cent 
registration.  In  one  Ohio  county  the  building  trades  locals  check  the  registra- 
tion of  members  before  sending  them  out  on  jobs.  There  is  one  AFL  Interna- 
tional Union  that  requires  registration  as  a  condition  of  membership.  The  job 
can  be  done.  All  it  takes  is  a  little  imagination  and  a  lot  of  hard  work. 

In  my  travels  around  the  country,  I  have  heard  a  disturbing  new  line  passed 
out  by  the  reactionaries  and  taken  seriously  by  some  of  our  peox^le.  The  line 
is  that  this  fellow  or  that  feUow  can't  be  beaten  .  .  .  that  we  can't  find  a  good 
enough  candidate  .  .  .  that  it  takes  too  much  money  to  win.  If  we  had  listened 
to  that  line  in  1948,  Joe  Ball  couldn't  have  been  beaten.  Revercomb  couldn't 
have  been  beaten.  Hubert  Humphrey  and  Paul  Douglas  would  not  now  be 
United  States  Senators.  All  of  these  were  hundred  to  one  shots,  but  the  voters 
on  election  day  proved  the  crepe  hangers  and  the  pollsters  wrong. 

We  did  more  in  1948  than  we  had  ever  done  before  in  carrying  our  end  of 
the  load  on  election  day.  But  we  can  and  must  do  much  better.  The  biggest  job 
of  all  is  getting  every  AFL  member  registered  to  be  a  voter  on  election  day. 

When  we  have  done  our  part  in  making  sure  that  all  of  our  members  are 
qualified  and  informed  voters,  we  can  insist  that  the  political  parties  put  forth 
liberal  candidates  worthy  of  our  support.  Then  and  only  then  can  we  say 
that  we  are  effectively  carrying  out  the  Gompers  policy  of  "rewarding  our 
friends  and  defeating  our  enemies." 


THE    LOCKER 

By  JOHN   HART,  Local  Union   366,   New  York,   N.  Y. 


Check  books  being  very  commonly  used  nowadays,  we're  giving  this  check  business 
a  going-over  for  the  benefit  of  those  not  already  familiar  with  the  set-up.  This  information 
applies  generally  to  all  checks,  but  Special  Checking  Accounts  because  of  their  usually 
small  balances  may  have  slightly  varying  regulations. 


New  York  Feb.  1,  1950 

CORN  EXCHANGE  BANK  TRUST  COMPANY  1-45 

Burnside  Branch 

Pay  to 

the   order   oi^-Fred   Green $9.no/oo 

--Nine    and    no/oo dollars. 

James  Lee 


Fred  Green  is  called  the  payee  of  the  above  check.    James  Lee  is  the  maker. 

The  number  1-45  is  the  bank's  code  nimiber.  When  a  check  is  deposited  this  number 
is  noted  before  the  amount  on  tlie  deposit  slip,  which  eliminates  the  necessity  of  writing 
the  full  name  and  location  of  The  Corn  Exchange  Bank. 

This  check  is  worthless  until  Fred  Green  endorses  it  exactly  as  made  out.  If  made 
payable  to  Freddy  Greene,  the  endorsement  must  read  that  way.  Green  should  sign  his 
name  in  the  correct  way  directly  underneath.  The  proper  place  for  endorsement  is  on 
the  back,  left  end.    It  is  still  O.  K.  if  placed  elsewhere. 

The  words  PAY  TO  THE  ORDER  OF  make  this  a  negotiable  paper.  Once  endorsed 
by  Green  The  Corn  Exchange  will  pay  nine  dollars  to  any  other  person  in  proper  poss- 
ession. Re-endorsements  may  run  all  tlie  way  to  the  bottom.  Payment  will  be  made  to 
the  last  endorser  provided  the  check  is  otherwise  acceptable. 

If  Green  intends  to  deposit  this  check  he  should  immediately  write  on  the  back  FOR 
DEPOSIT  ONLY.    A  check  so  marked  cannot  be  cashed  if  lost  or  stolen. 

Green  might  want  to  cash  it  at  Lee's  bank.  He  endorses  it,  and  Lee  writes  underneath 
—Signature  O.  K.  James  Lee.  Using  discretion,  the  bank  will  cash  it. 

If  Green  doubts  the  worth  of  this  check,  Lee  has  it  stamped  CERTIFIED  by  his  bank. 
Enough  funds  are  set  aside  from  Lee's  account  to  cover  the  check,  which  will  be  used  to 
make  payment  only  on  this  check  when  presented. 

If  Green  can't  sign  his  name  because  of  illiteracy  or  disability  he  endorses  wdth  an  X 
in  the  presence  of  two  witnesses,  something  like  this: 

Fred  Green  X  his  mark.  Witnesses  to  his  mark:  Joseph  Brown  (Address) 

Robert  White  (Address) 

Green  must  make  the  X  himself  or  touch  the  pen  while  another  makes  it. 

If  the  above  check  was  undated.  Green  may  date  it  only  for  the  day  received. 

A  check  dated  for  a  Sunday  or  holiday  is  a  legal  check. 

A  post-dated  check  cannot  be  deposited  or  cashed  until  tliat  date  arrives. 

If  your  check  book  is  not  available  you  may  use  a  blank  check  by  filling  in  the  name 
and  location  of  your  bank.  These  blank  checks  are  available  at  most  business  places  for 
that  purpose.  A  check  make  out  on  a  piece  of  white  paper  of  ordinary  check  size  can  be 
used  in  an  emergency,  if  tlie  payee  accepts  it. 

It  is  not  advisable  to  use  the  check  of  another  bank  by  crossing  out  the  name  and  sub- 
stituting that  of  your  own  bank.  This  could  be  considered  an  altered  check.  Banks  are  not 
obligated  to  accept  any  altered  check. 

Number  your  checks  consecutively  for  identification,  if  not  numbered  already. 
Write  in  the  amount  in  the  stub  first.    If  you  wrote  the  check  first  you  might  forget  the 
stub  and  have  no  record  as  to  the  amount  and  payee. 


30  THE    CARPENTER 

Write  the  figures  close  to  the  $  sign  and  the  written  amount  close  up  to  the  left,  with  a 
stroke  before,  and  a  long  line  after.  This  is  a  safeguard  against  what  is  called  filling.  Make 
a  line  after  the  payee's  name  also. 

If  your  figures  read  $13.00  and  the  writing  Fifteen  dollars  your  bank  can  legally  pay 
off  on  the  written  amount.    Usually  such  checks  are  returned. 

Always  make  your  signature  in  the  same  way,  and  preferably  with  the  same  style  pen. 
Your  bank  has  one  signatm-e  on  file.   Stick  to  that  one. 

Any  information  as  to  what  the  check  is  for,  may  be  put  in  the  lower  left  comer  or  on 
the  back  over  the  endorsement  line.    This  acts  as  a  receipt. 

Don't  make  a  check  payable  to  CASH  or  BEARER.    Anyone  can  cash  it  easily. 

Don't  make  a  habit  of  signing  blank  checks.   They  may  be  lost  or  stolen. 

Payment  of  a  check  may  be  stopped  by  telegram  or  phone  if  later  confirmed  in  writing. 
After  it  has  been  recorded  paid  by  your  bank  it  is  too  late. 

The  death  of  the  maker  before  the  check  is  presented  makes  it  unpayable. 

Don't  make  erasm-es  on  any  important  part  of  a  check.   It  may  be  refused. 

If  you  deposit  checks  to  the  amount  of  $100.00  on  Monday  you  cannot  draw  on  these 
funds  on  Tuesday.  You  must  wait  a  few  days  until  they  have  been  cleared  through  and 
collected  and  the  amount  is  entered  to  your  credit. 

When  depositing  bills  give  the  teller  a  break.  Keep  the  largest  bills  on  top,  face  up  and 
looking  front.    The  smallest  bills  should  be  on  the  bottom. 

Among  the  many  reasons  for  a  check's  return  are  Post  dated,  (dated  ahead)  Stale  dated, 
(old  check)  Endorsement  wrong,  Alteration,  Filling,  Signature  incorrect.  Maker  deceased. 
And  the  most  common  of  all,  INSUFFICIENT  FUxNDS. 

You  are  not  expected  to  write  a  foolproof  check.  You  are  expected  to  be  reasonably  care- 
ful. You  stand  the  loss  if  carelessness  or  irregularity  on  your  part  is  responsible  for  it.  PLAY 
SAFE  AND  WATCH  YOUR  BALANCE. 


Wm.  L.  Hutcheson  to  Aid  Heart  Drive 

General  President  Wm.  L.  Hutcheson,  will  serve  as  a  member  of  the 
National  Labor  Committee  of  the  1950  Heart  Campaign,  it  was  announced 
last  month. 

The  $6,0(X),000  fund-raising  drive  wil  take  place  during  the  month  of 
February  and  will  be  conducted  by  the  American  Heart  Association,  and  its 
aflBliates  throughout  the  country,  to  support  a  program  of  scientific  research, 
public  education  and  community  servdce. 

In  a  letter  addressed  to  President  Hutcheson,  inviting  his  cooperation,  Sec- 
retary of  Labor  Maurice  J.  Tobin,  Chairman  of  the  National  Labor  Commit- 
tee's 1950  Heart  Campaign,  wrote: 

"Diseases  of  the  heart  and  blood  vessels  are  our  nation's  leading  cause  of 
death.  They  kill  more  than  600,000  Americans  annually  and  are  responsible 
for  more  deaths  than  the  next  five  most  important  causes  of  death  combined." 

Responding  to  Labor  Secretary  Tobin's  invitation  to  serve  with  him  as  a 
member  of  the  Committee,  President  Hutcheson  stated: 

"I  desire  to  express  my  gratitude  in  your  extending  to  me  an  invitation  to 
serve  with  you  as  a  member  of  the  National  Labor  Committee  in  aiding  the 
success  of  the  1950  Heart  Campaign.  Being  desirous  and  willing  at  all  times 
to  assist  mankind  in  every  possible  way,  I  accept  your  invitation.' 


31 


More  Wages  Mean  More  Jobs 

• 

ACROSS  THE  editorial  desk  of  this  journal  pass  hundreds  upon  hundreds 
of  pieces  of  mail  each  week.  Some  of  it  is  important  correspondence 
from  Local  Unions  and  State  and  District  Councils,  some  of  it  is 
bouquets  or  brickbats  from  readers,  some  of  it  is  information  from  government 
and  labor  sources,  but  a  good  deal  of  it  is  pure  propaganda  from  various 
agencies.  In  the  last  five  years  at  least  a  hundred  new  propaganda  agencies 
have  sprung  up  to  promote  the  welfare  of  special  interest  groups.  But  good 
or  bad,  all  of  it  has  to  be  read. 

By  a  strange  coincidence,  two  pieces  of  mail  dealing  with  the  same  sub- 
ject were  picked  up  together  one  day  last  month.  One  piece  was  a  postcard 
from  a  member  of  the  Brotherhood  in  a  medium-sized  California  city,  and  the 
other  was  a  copy  of  the  January  issue 


of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor 
Monthly  Survey,  the  bulletin  which 
the  AFL  statistical  department  pub- 
lishes to  keep  unions  informed  of 
economic  developments.  The  post- 
card was  short  and  very  much  to 
the  point.    It  said: 

"Work  is  very  slack  in  this  area. 
Many  men  are  unemployed  and  al- 
ready many  workers  are  starting  to 
lose  their  homes  and  their  posses- 
sions. High  prices  are  working  a 
great  hardship  on  many  people.  Can't 
something  be  done  to  bring  down 
the  cost  of  living?" 

The  Monthly  Survey  takes  a  look 
at  the  economic  prospects  for  1950 
and  comes  to  the  conclusion  that 
many  other  sections  of  the  nation 
will  feel  the  same  economic  pinch 
the  workers  in  the  California  city 
are  already  feeling  unless  purchasing 
power  is  increased  through  reason- 
ably substantial  wage  increases  with- 
out price  increases. 

Workers  look  forward  to  1950  with 
much  concern  over  the  increase  in  un- 


employment which  seems  sure  to  de- 
velop, the  AFL  Monthly  Survey  be- 
lieves. 

Prospects  for  the  first  6  months  are 
fairly  bright,  but  a  slackening  of  in- 
dustrial activity  at  least  equal  to  that 
of  last  summer  seems  likely  in  the 
second  half  year. 

To  reach  our  national  goal  of  main- 
taining "full"  production  and  employ- 
ment, demand  for  industry's  products 
must  increase  enough  each  year  to 
create  jobs  for  all  new  workers  join- 
ing the  labor  force  and  for  those  laid 
off  by  labor-saving  devices.  In  1947 
and  1948  (and  during  the  war)  de- 
mand was  ample  to  create  these  jobs 
and  we  had  "full  employment."  Gross 
national  product  in  1947  and  1948  was 
the  sum  total  of  all  products  and  ser- 
vices turned  out  by  all  industries  at 
maximum  employment  levels.  But  in 
1949,  for  the  first  time  in  8  years, 
demand  fell  short,  production  drop- 
ped below  "full  employment"  levels 
and  unemployment  rose  by  1,300,000 
(year's  average). 


32 


THE    CARPENTER 


Prospects  are  bright  for  the  first 
half  year.  Total  business  volume 
should  about  equal  1949  through 
May  or  June  of  1950.  But  this  will 
not  be  enough  to  expand  production 
and  create  jobs  for  new  workers,  so 
unemployment  in  the  first  half  year 
will  edge  upward,  exceeding  1949  by 
perhaps  a  million. 

A  down  trend  is  likely  in  the  sec- 
ond half  of  1950. 

The  prospective  business  decline 
after  mid-1950  is  a  challenge  to  man- 
agement and  labor  to  find  a  solution 
without  an  increase  in  government 
spending.  It  will  test  the  ability  of 
our  free  enterprise  system  to  main- 
tain "full"  production  and  employ- 
ment. Our  economy  is  strong  and 
healthy.  Reserves  of  buying  power 
are  large,  in  personal  savings,  and 
undistributed  profits  of  corporations; 
business  working  capital  is  strong. 

We  face  in  1950  not  a  depression, 
but  another  business  readjustment 
which  need  not  be  disruptive  if  we 
take  the  right  steps  to  meet  it.  Sev- 
eral constructive  developments  are 
possible.  A  gradual  price  decline 
will  release  more  buying  power;  con- 
tinued spending  by  business  to  im- 
prove equipment  would  maintain  em- 
ployment and  increase  productivity; 
reduction  in  the  many  taxes  paid  by 
consumers  would  enable  them  to  buy 
more  of  the  durable  goods  they  want 
and  need.  We  do  not  attempt  here 
to  list  other  proposals.  A  construc- 
tive program  could  only  be  worked 
out  by  competent  representatives  of 
management,  labor  and  other  groups. 

We  do  however  point  out  some  per- 
tinent facts  which  all  working  people 
ought  to  realize: 

A  large  increase  in  workers'  buying 
will  be  essential  in  1950.  If  every 
worker  in  the  U.  S.  could  receive  a 


10-cent  wage  increase,  some  $8,000,- 
000,000  would  be  added  to  consumer 
buying  power,  nearly  all  of  which 
would  immediately  be  spent  for  liv- 
ing necessities.  This  would  be  enough 
to  reverse  the  prospective  downward 
trend  of  business  and  start  a  rise. 
But  with  lower  profits  in  prospect  for 
1950,  many  companies  would  hesitate 
to  give  such  increases  unless  earned 
by  reducing  costs. 

Most  American  managements  have 
never  seriously  tried  to  co-operate 
with  unions  by  submitting  cost  data 
and  assuring  union  members  of  a  fair 
share  in  the  saving  that  could  be 
made  by  joint  eflFort  to  reduce  costs. 
Some  amazing  results  could  be  ac- 
complished if  workers  were  given 
week  by  week  cost  records,  so  they 
could  see  the  results  of  their  efforts, 
and  management  agreed  to  share  the 
savings  with  them,  determining  the 
just  wage  increase  by  collective  bar- 
gaining negotiations. 

At  least  a  goal  could  be  set  of  7, 
10  or  15  cents  more  in  wages  through 
cost  reduction.  If  management  recog- 
nized the  need  for  an  immediate  in- 
crease in  workers'  buying  power  and 
agreed  to  such  a  program  of  coopera- 
tive effort  to  raise  wages,  the  battle 
against  business  recession  would  be 
well  on  the  way  to  victory.  It  is  clear 
of  course  that  wages  must  be  raised 
without  causing  a  general  increase  in 
living  costs. 

Productivity  has  climbed  consis- 
tently ever  since  the  end  of  the  war. 
In  the  last  twelve  or  fifteen  months  it 
has  climbed  ever  faster.  In  that  in- 
creased productivity  lies  the  chief 
hope  of  defeating  unemployment.  If 
the  increased  productivity  is  trans- 
lated into  increased  purchasing  power 
through  higher  wages,  the  demand 
for  goods  can  be  maintained  at  a 
level  that  will  insure  full  employment. 


Official  Information 


General  0£Bcers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 

Obnbbal  Office  :  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Gbnebal  President 

WM.  L.  HUTCHBSON 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


FiBST   QlNBBAL    TICB-PRBSIDENT 

M.  A.  HUTCHBSON 
Carpenters'    Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


Acting  Sbcebtakt 

ALBERT   E.   FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN   R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'  Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


General  Treasurer 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'   Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


General  Executive  Board 
First  District,    CHARLES   JOHNSON,   JR.  Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBERTS 

111  E.  22nd   St.,   New  York  10,   N.   Y.  3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second  District,    O.   WM.    BLAIBR 
933  B.  Magee,  Philadelphia  11,  Pa. 


Sixth  District,   A.   W.   MDIR 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District,  HARRY  SCHWARZER 
1248   Walnut  Ave.,    Cleveland,    O. 


Seventh  District,   ARTHUR  MARTEL 
3560    St.    Lawrence,    Montreal,    Que.,    Can. 


Fourth   District,    ROLAND    ADAMS 
712   West   Palmetto   St.,    Florence,    S.   C. 


WM.  L.  HUTCHESON.   Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 

NOTICE 

It  is  important  that  the  Bond  Report  of  your  Trustees,  for  the  six  months  ending  De- 
cember 31,  1949  be  completed  and  returned  to  the  General  0£Bce  as  soon  as  possible. 
Blanks  for  the  Reports  have  been  mailed  and  local  unions  failing  to  receive  same  should 
notify  the  General  Office. 


NEW  CHARTERS  ISSUED 


3179  Salamanca,  New  York  1537 

3194  Salamanca,  New  York  3180 

-1392  New  Glasgow,  N.  S.,  Canada  1600 

3186  Southampton,  Ont.,  Canada  1601 

'1402  Chicago,  Illinois  1603 

1413  Ottawa,  Ohio  1617 

1450  Sturgis,  Michigan  1619 

1463  Omaha,  Nebraska  1621 

1482  Key  West,  Florida  1681 

1533  Two  Rivers,  Wisconsin 


Falls  City,   Nebraska 
Carson,  Washington 
Sheetharbour,  N.   S.,   Canada 
Little  Rock,  Arkansas 
Huntsville,  Texas 
Greenfield,  Indiana 
Picton,  Ont.,  Canada 
Homer,  Alaska 
Hornell,  New  York 


5(n  m 


^3tt0rta;m 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them. 
Not  dead,  just  gone  before; 


They  still  live  in  our  memory. 
And  will  forever  more 


%t&i  in  '^tsctt 

Th»  Editor  has  been  reqaemted  to  publiah  the  natnem 
•/    the    following    Brotherm    who    have    patted    away. 


ROBBERT   ADAMS,  L.  U.  225,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
FRANK  B.  ALLEN,   L.   U.  207,   Chester,  Pa. 
JAMES  E.  ALLEN,  L.  U.  627,  Jacksonville,  Fla. 
FRANK  ALTOBELLO,  L.  U.  322,  Niagara  Falls, 

N.  Y. 
AARON   AUSTIN,   L  U.  344,  Waukesha,   Wis. 
MARTIN   BAYER,   L.   U.  64   Louisville,   Ky. 
JOSEPH     BENSON,     L.     U.     1441,     Canonsburg, 

Pa. 
HERMANN   BLUETHNER,   L.   U.   419,   Chicago, 

111. 
ERNEST  BRAMER,  L.  U.  64,  Louisville,  Ky. 
G.  F.  BRYANT,  L.  U.  225,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
C.  E.   BURNS,   L.   U.   226,   Portland,   Ore. 
MARTIN   I.  BYERLY,  L.   U.  64,  Louisville,   Ky. 
VICTOR  C.  CARRARA,  L.  U.  67,  Boston,  Mass. 
E.  L.  DAY,  L.  U.  64,  Louisville,  Ky. 
CILERT  DIERKS,  L.  U.  1784,  Chicago,  111. 
EDWARD   DOLLATH,   L.   U,    1784,   Chicago,   111. 
HARVEY    DRASHER,   L.   U.    129,   Hazelton,   Pa. 
ALEX   DUTRE,   L.  U.  8,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
BERNARD    EKBERG,   L.   U.   51,   Boston,   Mass. 
ISADCfRE    FEIGEN,    L.    U.    1976,    Los    Angeles, 

Cal. 
A.    L.    FERRELL,    L.    U.    225,    Atlanta,    Ga. 
I.   A.   FRANKLIN,   L.   U.   627,  Jacksonville,   Fla. 
ELI   GERBICH,   L.   U.   35,   San   Rafael,    Cal. 
FRANK  GRAD,  L.  U.  416,   Chicago,  111. 
JOHN   GRANATH,   L.   U.    11,   Cleveland,   Ohio 
J,  R.  GRANT,   L.   U.  64,   Louisville,  Ky. 
ED  N.  HERRING,   L.  U.   946,  Los   Angeles,   Cal. 
SIMON    HOLKEBOER,    L.    U.    1908,    Holland, 

Mich. 
JAMES  S.  HUGHIE,  L.  U.  225,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
CHESTER    L.   HUNTLEY,   L.   U.   710,    Long 

Beach,    Cal. 
SAM   INGRAM,   L.   U.   696,   Tampa,  Fla. 
EDWARD   KELLER,   L.  U.  226,  Portland,   Ore. 
HENRY  KLITTE,  L.  U.  946,  Los   Angeles,   Cal. 
ARIE  KLUFT,  L.  U.  946,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
TOIVO   A.   KOSKI,   L.  U.  2084,   Astoria,  Ore. 

CORNELIUS  LEENHEER,  L.   U.  325,   Paterson, 
N.  J. 

JAMES  W.  LEWIS,  L.  U.  225,  Atlanta,  Ga, 
THEO.  LOVEGREN,  L.  U.  416,  Chicago,  111. 
E.  J.  MC  CAULEY,  L.  U.  946,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
MATHIUS   MATZZELE,  L.   U.   246,   New   York, 
N.  Y. 


GEORGE  METCALF,  L.  U.  226,  Portland,  Ore. 

WARREN   L.  METCALF,   L.  U.  225,   Atlanta, 
Ga. 

JACOB  MUELLER,  L.  U.  1307,  Evanston,  111. 

PETER  E.  NELSON,  L.  U.   1367,   Chicago,  IlL 

ART  NODERER,   L.  U.   1108,   Cleveland,   Ohio 

A.   R.   OAKLEY,   L.   U.   226,   Portland,   Ore. 

W.  D.  OLIVER,  L.  U.  225,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

O.   G.   POHL,   L.   U.   946,   Los   Angeles,   Cal. 

EARL    PRESTON,    L.    U.    64,    Louisville,    Ky. 

ARTHUR  W.  PRICE,   L.  U.  696,  Tampa,  Fla. 

ROBERT   RALPH,   L.    U.   226,   Portland,    Ore. 

HANS   REICH   L.   U.  416,   Chicago,   111. 

JOHN   RERKO,   L.   U.   246,   New   York,   N.   Y. 

JOSEPH  RETZINGER,   L.  U.   1307,  Evanston, 
111. 

WILLIAM   H.   ROBOTHAM,   L.   U.   343,   Winni- 
peg,  Man.,    Canada 

JOHN    ROSE,   L.    U.   416,    Chicago,    111. 

HORACE.  P.  SALEM,  L.  U.   8,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

JAMES    SAYITH,    L.    U.    8,    Philadelphia,   Pa. 

ED  SCHOOR,  L.  U.  416,  Chicago,  111. 

CLEVELAND   SEALS,   L.  U.   110,   St.  Joseph, 
Mo. 

ROY  L.  SIMCOX,   L.  U.   710,  Long   Beach,   Cal. 

A.   C.   SMITH,   L.   U.   226,   Portland,   Ore. 

J.  D.   STIFF,  L.   U.   64,   Louisville,   Ky. 

J.   L.   STOLL,   L.   U.   64,   Louisville,   Ky. 

JOHN  A.  SULLIVAN,  L.  U.  188,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

PAT  SUMNER,   L.  U.  64,  Louisville,   Ky. 

CHARLES  SWANDA,  L.  U.  357,   Islip,  N.  Y. 

FRANK   TABER,   L.   U.    710,   Long   Beach,   Cal. 

A.A.   TILLMAN,   L.   U.   64,   Louisville,  Ky. 

R.   O.   B.   VOIT,    L.   U.    64,    Louisville,   Ky. 

JOSEPH   WAGY,  L.   U.    1822,  Ft.   Worth,   Texas 

MORPETH    WAIN  WRIGHT,    L.    U.    710,    Long 
Beach,    Cal. 

ANDREW  WALTERS,   L.  U.  366,   Bronx,   N.  Y. 

THOMAS    WEBSTER,    L.    U.    710,    Long   Beach, 
Cal. 

JOSEPH   WEDER,   L.   U.  246,  New   York,   N.  Y. 

C.  L.  WHITE,  L.  U.  225,   Atlanta,  Ga. 

DAVID  K.  WHITE,  L.  U.  64,  LouisvUle,  Ky. 

HENRY  WESP,   L.  U.  2178,  Jersey   City,  N.  J. 

WM.  WINDSOR,  L.  U.  226,  Portland,  Ore. 

HIBBERT   WOOD,  L.  U.   67,  Boston,  Mass. 

THOMAS    YATES,   L.   U.   64,   Louisville,   Ky. 


CorrQspondQncQ 


This  Journal  Is  Not  Responsible  for  Views  Expressed  by  Correspondents. 

ALABAMA  COUNCIL  ENCOURAGING  WORKERS'  EDUCATION 

The  Alabama  State  Council  of  Carpenters  is  encouraging  all  Local  Unions  to  take  ad- 
vantage of  the  Training  Class  in  Parliamentary  Procedure  that  is  being  offered  for  both 
Apprentices  and  Journeymen. 


This  is  a  photograph  of  a  class  from  Carpenters'  Local  Union  No.  89  of  Mobile, 
Alabama  that  has  completed  a  course  in  Parliamentary  Procedure  as  formulated  and  given 
by  the  Trades  and  Industrial  Education  Division  of  the  Department  of  the  State  of  Ala- 
bama, under  the  supervision  of  H.  J.  Martin,  whose  office  is  located  in  the  University  of 
Alabama.  Seated  from  left  to  right:  Phfllip  Cuchiron;  W.  T.  Wilson,  Trustee;  J.  E.  Steele, 
bama.  Seated  from  left  to  right:PhilliD  Cuchiron;  W.  T.  Wilson,  Trustee;  J.  E.  Steele, 
Financial  Secretary  of  Local  Union  No.  89;  C.  J.  Schandler,  President;  L.  M.  Cooper, 
Business  Agent;  Voidie  McLeod,  Recording  Secretary;  Forrest  A.  Eubanks,  Vice-President; 
F.  S.  Fadre,  Treasurer.  Standing:  W.  L.  Rickard,  State  Supervisor  of  Apprenticeships 
Training  of  State  Department  of  Education  of  Alabama;  M.  E.  Blake,  Apprenticeship  Co- 
ordinator, Mobile  Schools,  Mobile,  Alabama;  Henry  J.  Martin,  State  Supervisor  of  Car- 
penter Training  of  the  State  of  Alabama;  M.  L.  Legg,  member  of  Local  Union  89;  J.  E. 
Grant;  J.  A.  Jemigan;  E.  E.  Swanson;  Grady  N.  Webber.  All  those  in  the  picture  are 
members  of  Local  Union  89  except  the  officials  as  above  indicated  from  the  State  Depart- 
ment of  Education. 

The  Apprentice  class  of  Local  Union  109  of  Sheffield,  Alabama  is  also  taking  this 
coiirse  in  Parhamentary  Procedure.  So  are  several  others  in  tlie  state,  including  Tuscaloosa, 
Birmingham,  Anniston  and  Montgomery.  All  of  these  classes  are  very  enthusiastic  about 
this  type  of  training  as  it  proves  very  interesting  as  well  as  helpful. 


LOCAL  UNION  No.  299  JOINS  GOLDEN  CIRCLE 

Last  year  Local  Union  No.  299,  Union  City,  N.  J.  joined  the  golden  circle  of  unions 
which  have  completed  fifty  years  of  service  to  their  members.  On  the  night  of  December 
10th  the  union  marked  its  fiftieth  anniversary  with  a  dinner  dance  held  at  Columbian  Hall 
in  Jersey  City.  A  large  tiUTiout  was  on  hand  for  the  occasion  and  a  grand  time  was  enjoyed 
by  one  and  all. 

Among  the  invited  guests  present  with  their  wives  were:  General  Representative 
Raleigh  Rajoppi;  J.  J.  Walsack,  E.  O'Horo,  and  A.  R.   Swanson,  secretary  and  business 


36 


THE    CARPENTER 


agents  of  Essex  County;  business  agent  H.  Spotholz  of  Bergen  County;  business  agent 
Wm.  Bonnema  of  Passiac  County;  and  business  agents  A.  Beck  and  H.  Cook  of  Hudson 
County. 

The  three  remaining  charter  members  of  Local  Union  No.  299— J.  Truncillito,  J. 
Guyer,  and  T.  PugHs— were  "singled  out  for  special  recognition  and  honors;  they  were 
presented  with  life  membership  cards.  Presentation  was  made  by  General  Representative 
Rajoppi.  It  was  regrettable  that  charter  member  Puglis  was  unable  to  attend  due  to  illness. 
However,  the  assemblage  extended  him  every  good  wish  for  a  complete  and  speedy 
recovery. 

Also  honored  on  the  occasion  were  the  officers  of  the  union.  In  consideration  of  their 
faithful  devotion  to  duty,  each  was  presented  with  an  engraved  fountain  pen,  and  President 
Thomas  Teetsel  whose  impartial  and  aggressive  leadership  has  contributed  much  to  the 
progress  of  the  union  was  presented  with  a  suitably  engraved  gold  ring.  Fine  food, 
interesting  entertainment  and  good  fellowship  combined  to  make  the  evening  a  great 
success.  The  committee  responsible  for  the  afiFair  consisted  of  Frank  McAndrews,  chair- 
man, ably  assisted  by  Brothers  Bifano,  Hitchler  and  Sands. 


PORTALES  MEMBERS  REBUILD  WIDOW'S  HOME 

Like  the  Bible,  the  ritual  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of 
America  admonishes  its  people  to  be  charitable  and  considerate  of  their  neighbors.  That 
most  members  take  this  obligation  seriously  is  being  proven  every  day.  From  all  over  the 
nation  come  stories  of  good  works  being  done  by  Brotherhood  members.  Not  the  least 
of  these  is  the  benevolent  act  of  Local  Union  No.  2176  of  Portales,  N.  M.,  which  recent- 
ly imdertook  to  rebuild  the  fire-gutted  house  of  a  widow. 

On  September  30th  fire  de- 
stroyed    the     home     of     Mrs. 
Bertha  Gardner  and  her  young 
daughter.    The    fire    left   them 
jf       ,  ,^.  ^^^  ,      destitute.     Neighbors     immedi- 

*.'^  <;    t-^  ^-  ...-'^..i^mKmi^  ately  undertook  a  subscription 

campaign  to  help  them  in  their 
hour  of  need.  Hardly  had  the 
program  gotten  under  way 
when  representatives  of  Local 
Union  No.  2176  appeared  on 
the  scene  with  an  offer  to  do- 
nate the  services  of  their  mem- 
bership in  rebuilding  the  home. 
The  oflFer  was  gratefully  ac- 
cepted, and  on  a  Saturday 
morning  a  fine  delegation  of 
craftsmen  from  the  union  was  on  hand  to  get  the  task  under  way.  Many  hands  made 
light  work,  and  by  4:30  in  the  afternoon  the  house  was  ready  for  stucco.  Neighbors 
served  lunch  at  noon  and  coffee  at  intervals.  Mrs.  Gardner  is  now  Hving  in  her  new 
home  and  all  the  people  of  Portales  are  proud  of  the  public  spiritedness  of  Local  Union 
No.  2176. 


PLEASANTVILLE  SPONSORS  A  FINE  SOCIAL  EVENING 

For  a  nimiber  of  years.  Local  Union  No.  842  of  Pleasantville,  New  Jersey,  has  sponsored 
a  get-together  for  its  membership.  Year  in  and  year  out  these  affairs  have  been  a  great 
success;  and  the  latest  of  them,  held  late  last  year,  was  no  exception.  Members,  wives 
and  friends  filled  the  banquet  hall  of  the  Fairmount  Hotel,  Cardiff,  to  near  capacity  for 
the  occasion.  The  entertainment  committee  had  done  its  work  well.  The  food  was  excellent 
and  a  great  program  of  local  entertairmient  kept  things  moving  at  a  fast  clip. 

Guests  of  honor  were  treasurer  and  Mrs.  Gustav  F.  Koehler.  Brother  Koehler  recently 
passed  his  fiftieth  year  as  a  member  of  the  United  Brotherhood.  In  consideration  of  his 
long  and  faithful  service  to  the  cause  of  organized  labor,  the  tmion  presented  Brother 
Koehler  with  a  fifty  dollar  purse.  A  suitable  present  was  also  given  to  Mrs.  Koehler.  The 
presentation  was  made  by  General  Representative  Raleigh  Rajoppi  who  was  present  ias 


THE    CARPENTER 


37 


a  special  guest.  Other  special  guests  present  were  representatives  to  the  State  Council 
and  Mrs.  Backlund  of  Local  Union  No.  620,  Vineland,  and  several  oificers  of  the  Carpenters 
District  Council  of  South  Jersey. 

Local  merchants,  as  a  mark  of  their  goodwill  toward  the  tmion,  donated  a  number 
of  prizes  which  were  given  away  during  the  evening.  One  and  all  had  a  grand  time  and 
all  went  home  feeling  it  was  good  to  break  bread  occasionally  with  one's  neighbors  and 
fellow  workers. 


BOZEMAN  LOCAL  BOASTS  OF  GREAT  OLD  TIMER 

While  there  are  many  old  timers  in  the  United  Brotherhood 
who  have  contributed  much  to  the  progress  of  organized  labor  down 
the  years.  Local  Union  No.  557  of  Bozeman,  Mont.,  is  particularly 
proud  of  one  of  its  members  who  falls  in  this  category.  He  is  Brother 
T.  P.  Taylor,  who  has  been  active  in  the  Union  for  the  past  forty-five 
years.  In  good  times  and  bad,  through  adversity  and  affluence,  Brother 
Taylor  has  worked  long  and  hard  for  the  upbuilding  of  his  Local 
Union.  Although  now  reaching  the  ripe  old  age  of  eighty-two,  Brother 
Taylor  is  still  crusading  for  the  cause  of  organized  labor  as  actively  as 
ever.  During  his  time  he  has  filled  virtually  every  office  in  tlie  Local 
and  for  the  past  fifteen  years  he  has  been  capably  serving  as  business 
agent.  He  is  also  second  vice  president  of  the  Montana  State  Council. 
Building  the  Union  has  been  as  much  a  part  of  the  life  of  Brother  Tay- 
lor during  the  last  fifty  years  as  breathing.    To  a  large  extent  the  fine 

success  achieved  by  Local  Union  No.  557  can  be  credited  to  his  unselfish  and  untiring 

efforts. 


NIAGARA  FALLS  CELEBRATES  50th  BIRTHDAY 

Local  322  of  Niagara  Falls  celebrated  its  50th  Anniversary  with  a  banquet  in  the  State 
Armory  on  November  12,  1949.    A  turkey  dinner  was  served  and  enjoyed  by  everyone. 

Ernest  Curto,.  who  served  as  toastmaster,  introduced  Brother  Theodore  Hoak,  President 
of  Local  322,  who  in  turn,  led  the  Assembly  in  the  Allegiance  to  our  Flag. 

The  Mayor  of  Niagara  Falls,  William  Lupton,  after  his  introduction,  welcomed  guests 
and  also  complimented  the  Local  on  its  fine  past  record  and  wished  it  a  successful  future. 


S^  ^ 


Seated  from  left  to  rightiMrs.  T.  Hoak,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  J.  O'Donnell,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  E. 
Curto,  Sam  Sutherland  and  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Livingston. 

Standing  from  left  to  right:  Cecil  Moshier,  Frank  Knack,  E.  P.  Hill,  Robert  Smart,  Herb 
Jennings,  Mayor  W.  Lupton,  T.  Hoak,  M.  F.  Jordan,  J.  Moir,  H.  Jordan,  M.  Lynch,  E. 
Fitzpatrick,  F.  Olson,  H.  Snyder,  O.  Noble  and  A.  Lewis. 

Brother  Sam  Sutherland,  General  Representative,  next  on  the  program,  gave  a  very 
interesting  speech  on  the  buying  of  American-made  goods  only.  He  also  commented  on 
the  progress  of  tlie  New  York  State  Council  of  Carpenters. 

Harry  Jordan,  President  of  A.  F.  of  L.  Central  Trades,  gave  a  short  talk  on  the  progress 
of  Niagara  Falls  Central  Trades  with  the  help  of  Local  322. 

First  President  of  Local  322,  Alexander  Allen,  was  introduced  by  Toastmaster  Curto. 


88 


THE    CARPENTER 


Brother  John  O'Donnell,  Representative  of  the  General  Office,  was  introduced  last 
and  complimented  the  Committee  for  a  successful  banquet.  He  gave  a  short  speech  on 
the  operation  of  General  Headquarters  and  the  indi^"idual  benefits  received  by  members 
from  the  General  Office.  The  entertainment  was  in  the  form  of  a  floor  show,  followed  by 
dancing,  which  continued  until  closing  of  tlie  banquet. 

Local  Business  Agents  present  were  as  follows:  Mr.  Jack  Costello,  Plumbers  and  Steam- 
fitters;  Mr.  Charles  Carrier,  Laborers;  Mr.  Steven  Lamb,  Bricklayers;  Mr.  Richard  Chase, 
Plasterers  and  Cement  Finishers;  Mr.  Charles  Harvey,  Ironworkers;  and  Mr.  Murphy, 
Painters. 


EL  DORADO  LOCAL  DEDICATES  FINE  NEW  HOME 

In  the  presence  of  a  large  number  of  members,  friends,  and  special  guests,  Local 
Union  No.  1693,  El  Dorado,  Arkansas,  on  tlie  night  of  November  21st  officially  dedicated 
its  beautiful  new  home.  The  Mayor  of  the  City  was  tliere  to  pay  his  respects  as  were 
most  of  the  building  materials  dealers  and  contractors  of  tlie  area.  In  fast,  so  many 
civic  leaders  were  present  that  no  doubt  can  possibly  exist  but  that  tlie  entire  community 

is  proud  of  tlie  accomplishments  of  Local 
Union  No.  1683. 

The  program  was  opened  by  President 
Ben  M.  Dumas  who  welcomed  the  special 
guests  and  out-of-town  \"isitors  who  were 
on  hand  to  help  make  tlie  a_ffair  the  grand 
success  it  turned  out  to  be.  Among  them 
were:  Marvin  Faulkner  and  M.  A.  Fisk  of 
tlie  Apprenticeship  Training  Service  of 
the  Department  of  Labor  with  head- 
quarters at  Little  Rock;  S.  V.  Zinn, 
secretary-treasmrer  of  the  Arkansas  State 
Federation;  W.  D.  \'\'elcher  and  C.  C. 
Counts  of  Local  Union  No.  529,  Camden, 
Ark;  attorneys  John  ^L  Shackelford  and 
son,  legal  advisers  to  the  union:  the  Rev. 
J.  D.  TolUson,  pastor  of  the  Immanuel 
Baptist  Church,  who  gave  tlie  invocation; 
C.  W.  Mowery,  president  of  tlie  State  Federation  and  state  organizer  for  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor  and  a  member  of  tlie  United  Brotherhood  for  many,  many  years. 

A  basket  dinner  prepared  and  sensed  by  the  membership  was  thoroughly  enjoyed  by 
one  and  all.  Featmred  speaker  of  the  evening  was  C.  W.  Mowery  who  dwelt  at  some 
length  on  tlie  long  and  honorable  career  of  tlie  United  Brotherhood  and  the  fine  record 
achieved  by  Local  Union  No.  1683.  His  remarks  were  very  well-received.  All  who  were 
present  left  tlie  affair  with  a  warm  feUng  of  pride  and  good  fellowsliip. 


CHICAGO  MEMBER  IL\S  GREAT  RECORD 

The  members  of  Local  434,  Chicago  are  justly  proud  of  tlie  record 
of  Brother  Joseph  Belanger,  Vice-President.  He  first  joined  Local 
No.  21,  on  Chicago's  West  Side,  April  17,  1886,  and  on  May  1st  of 
that  year  a  strike  was  called.  One  week  later  the  famous  Hajiiiarket 
riot  occurred.  All  Labor  Unions  were  immediately  labeled  anarchistic 
and  Local  No.  21  was  forced  "underground."  However,  it  was  soon 
reorganized  under  tlie  same  charter  and  stiU  exists. 

In  1888,  Brother  Belanger,  Living  on  Chicago's  far  Soutli  Side, 
assisted  in  organizing  Local  No.  434,  later  clearing  into  that  Local 
April  11,  1890.  Brotlier  Belanger  was  bom  in  Montreal,  Canada, 
January  14,  1863.  He  moved  to  New  York  at  the  age  of  17  years  and 
shortly  after  changed  his  residence  to  Chicago.  He  has  held  several 
offices  of  No.  434  including  president,  secretary,  trustee,  and  for  the 
past  many  years,  has  been  vice-president. 

He  has  missed  a  few  meetings  lately  on  account  of  illness,  but  enjoys  visits  from  otlier 
members,  and  recalls  nmnerous  incidents  of  his  nearly  64  years  as  a  Union  Carpenter.  We 
wish  him  many  more  happy  years  to  come. 


WATERLOO  AUXILIARY  CELEBRATE  10th  BIRTHDAY 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  345  of  Waterloo,  Iowa,  sends  greetings  to  all  sister  Auxiliaries. 
On  October  11,  1949,  we  celebrated  our  10th  anniversary.  Many  of  the  charter  members 
were  present  and  are  still  active.  We  had  a  lovely  banquet  with  a  charter  member  giving 
a  svmimary  of  our  10  years  as  an  organization.   To  us  it  will  live  in  our  memories  always^ 


We  now  have  51  members  in  our  organization  and  gaining  new  ones  right  along.  We 
have  our  business  meeting  on  the  fourth  Friday  of  every  month.  Our  socials  are  the  second 
Friday.  We  just  had  our  semi-annual  rummage  sale  which  proved  very  successful.  We  try 
to  keep  busy  with  something  each  month  throughout  the  year. 

We  had  our  annual  Christmas  party  December  10,  at  the  Labor  Temple  with  150  in 
attendance.  The  ladies  provided  a  lovely  dinner  followed  by  a  children's  program  and 
square  dancing.  A  good  time  .was  had  by  all.  We  donate  to  many  good  causes  throughout 
the  year. 

We  would  like  to  hear  from  any  sister  Auxiliaries  at  any  time. 

Fraternally, 

Irene  Mixdorf,  Recording  Secretary. 


PINE  BLUFF  AUXILIARY  OFF  TO  GOOD  START 

The  Editor: 

As  our  Auxiliary  No.  551  of  Pine  Bluff,  Ark.,  is  a  newly  formed  one,  we  wish  to  send 
greetings  to  all  the  Auxiliaries. 

We  organized  on  August  9th  of  1949  with  13  members.  At  this  time  we  have  grown 
to  27  members.    We  have  been  presented  our  charter  of  which  we  are  very  proud. 

We  meet  the  first  and  third  Monday  of  each  montli  at  the  Labor  Temple, 

On  December  19th,  we  had  our  Christmas  party  and  banquet.  For  our  guests,  we  had 
all  union  carpenters  and  tlieir  families.  Out-of-town  guests  and  speakers  were:  S.  V.  Zinn, 
Secretary-Treasmrer  Arkansas  Federation  of  Labor;  M.  G.  Rogers,  past  secretary  of  Local 
No.  690  of  Little  Rock;  J.  C.  Barrett,  international  representative  of  Birmingham  Ala., 
T.  R.  Simpson,  President  of  Local  576,  Pine  Bluff;  Mrs.  M.  G.  Rogers,  Recording  Secretary, 
Little  Rock,  Auxiliary  No.  255. 


40  THE    CARPENTER 

We  ladies  of  Aiixiliary  551  would  welcome  letters  from  any  of  our  sister  Auxiliaries. 
Any  wives,  daughters  or  sisters  of  union  carpenters  who  would  like  to  join  us  may  come  to 
the  meetings  or  contact  our  officers  who  are:  Mrs.  Irene  Morgan,  President;  Mrs.  Alma 
Slocum,  Vice  President;  Mrs.  G.  T.  Anderson,  Recording  Secretary;  Mrs.  T.  R.  Simpson, 
Financial  Secretary  and  Treasurer;  Mrs.  Pearl  Morgan,  Mrs.  John  Verdue,  and  Miss  Reba 
Joe  Hughes,  Trustees;  Conductor,  Mrs.  Paul  Earles;  Warden,  Mrs.  Ed.  Ezell,  Publicity 
Chairman,  Mrs.  Corine  Cannon. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  C.  T.  Anderson,  Recording  Secretary. 


TULSA  LADIES  HOLD  SUCCESSFUL  MEMBERSHIP  DRWE 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  sister  AuxiUaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  331  of  Tulsa,  Oklahoma.  We 
organized  in  1939  and  have  96  members  and  18  charter  members. 

We  meet  each  Tuesday  night  with  the  exception  of  the  first  Tuesday  when  we  have 
our  birthday  luncheon.  Otir  social  club  meets  the  third  Friday  of  each  montli,  and  recently 
we  had  a  chih  supper  and  carnival  which  brought  in  enough  money  to  buy  a  radio- 
phonograph  combination  for  our  entertainment. 

By  having  a  nmimage  sale  we  made  $42.72  and  a  treasure  chest  netted  us  $115.00. 
Our  ladies  have  pieced  a  quilt  which  will  be  sold  soon  to  add  to  our  treasury. 

The  state  convention  was  held  here  on  September  12,  13  and  14,  at  which  time  we 
had  a  lovely  dinner  at  the  Alvin  Hotel. 

We  have  just  finished  a  membership  drive  and  have  24  new  members. 

Our  officers  are:  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Turner,  President;  Mrs.  Alice  Gibson,  Vice-President; 
Mrs.  Rutli  Dawes,  Recording  Secretary;  Mrs.  Mable  Goodwin,  Financial  Secretary;  Mrs. 
Thresa  Smith,  Conductor;  Mrs.  Mary  Ferguson,  Warden;  Mrs.  Joyce  Taylor,  Mrs.  Evelyn 
Barnett  and  Mrs.  Edna  Philhps,  Trustees. 

The  state  con\'ention  will  be  held  in  Oklahoma  City  this  September. 

We  would  love  to  hear  from  tlie  otlier  Auxiliaries  at  any  time. 

Fraternally, 

Ruth  Dawes,  Recording  Secretary. 


TEXAS   CITY  LADIES  FORM   AUXILIARY 

The  Editor: 

^ 

This  letter  is  to  inform  you  of  our  newly  organized  Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  558,  Texas 
City,  Texas.  We  were  presented  our  charter  on  December  5,  1949,  at  7:30  p.m.,  by 
ladies  from  Houston  and  Galveston  Auxiharies.  We  are  very  proud  to  be  a  part  in  serv- 
ing our  carpenter  men.    We  organized  with  28  members. 

The  following  is  a  fist  of  our  officers:  Mrs.  G.  L.  Strong,  President;  Mrs.  E.  R.  Hard- 
man,  Vice-President;  Mrs.  C.  E.  Hughes,  Recording  Secretary;  Mrs.  R.  L.  Scott,  Financial 
Secretary  and  Treasurer;  Mrs.  C.  L.  Crawford,  Conductress;  Mrs.  J.  D.  White,  Warden; 
Mrs.  H.  E.  Woodhouse,  Mrs.  P.  L.  Bottoms  and  Mrs.  L.  L.  Landriault,  Trustees. 

Mrs.  C.  E.  Hughes. 
• 

LOCAL  811  SPONSORS  XMAS  PARTY 

The  Editor: 

On  Thursday  evening  December  8,  1949  Local  Union  No.  811,  New  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  entertained  its  members  in  the  Social  Room 
of  the  First  National  Bank. 

At  6:30  a  fine  turkey  dinner  was  served  by  Mrs.  Ruth  McMillen  and  her  efficient 
helpers,  which  was  enjoyed  by  all. 

During  tiie  dinner  Christmas  music  was  played  through  the  courtesy  of  Shumaker's 
Music  Store,  New  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

After  the  dinner  two  and  one-half  hoinrs  of  fine  motion  pictures  were  shown  by  Mr. 
Blain  George,  Hawthorne  Pa. 

A  very  dehghtful  e\ening  was  enjoyed  by  all  members  present. 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 
LESSON   257 

Irregular  Pitch  Roof  Framing.— Irregular 
pitch  roof  framing  is  no  more  difBcult  than 
regular  pitch  roof  framing.    It  is  true  that 


Fig.  1 
the  roof  framer  must  be  on  his  guard,  so  as 
not  to  become  confused,  but  the  principle 
is  the  same.    That  is  also  true  of  irregular 


Fig.  2 
plan  roof  framing.    The  reason  many  work- 
men find  these  two  branches  of  roof  framing 
difficult,  is  that  they  do  not  fully  understand 
the  principle   of  regular  hip  roof  framing. 


The  rule,  that  the  run  and  the  length  of  the 
rafter  will  give  the  edge  bevel  for  hips,  val- 
leys, and  jacks,  increases  the  confusion. 
While  this  old  rule  is  easy  to  remember  and 
will  work  in  regular  roof  framing,  it  is  an 
incorrect  rule.  The  correct  rule  is  this:  The 
tangent  and  the  rafter  length  will  give  the 
edge  bevel  for  hips,  valleys,  and  jacks— the 
rafter  length  giving  the  bevel.  This  rule 
covers  regular  hip  roofs,  as  well  as  irregular 
hip  roofs,  both  in  plan  and  in  pitch.    By 


Fig.  3 
using  the  word,  tangent,  instead  of  the 
word,  run,  the  rule  becomes  applicable  to  all 
hip  roofs.  When  the  use  of  tlie  tangent  is 
thoroughly  understood,  tlie  roof  framer  vidll 
have  no  more  difficulty  in  framing  the  irreg- 
ular hip  and  valley  roofs  than  he  has  in 
framing  tlie  regular  hip  roofs.  It  is  suggest- 
ed, however,  that  diagrams  be  made  for  ir- 
regular hip  and  valley  roofs,  on  tlie  order 
of  the  diagrams  shown  in  these  lessons. 

The  Run  of  Irregular  Hip  Rafters.— Fig. 
1  gives  a  plan  of  an  irregular  hip  roof,  28 
feet  by  40  feet,  -with  a  deck  4  feet  square. 
The  run  of  the  sides  is  12  feet,  while  the 
run  of  the  ends  is  18  feet.  This  is  shown 
by  the  shaded  square,  which  is  in  position 
for  obtaining  tlie  hip  run.  The  tongue  holds 
the  short  run,  12  feet,  while  the  blade  holds 
the  long  run,  18  feet.  The  diagonal  distance 


42 


THE    CARPENTER 


between  18  and  12  on  the  square,  is  the 
hip  run,  as  shown  on  the  diagram.  (In  regu- 
lar hip  roof  framing  it  is  the  diagonal  dis- 


Fig.  4 


tance  between  12  and  12,  because  the  runs 
are  the  same.) 

It  should  be  remembered  that  in  all  of 
these  diagrams,  inches  on  the  square  repre- 
sent feet  in  tlie  diagram.  In  this  connection, 
the  suggestion  is  repeated,  that  the  roof 
framer  make  a  diagram  of  tlie  roof  in  hand, 
using  a  convenient  scale,  say,  1  inch  equals 
1  foot.  Then  by  applying  tlie  square  to  the 
diagram,  as  shown  in  tliese  lessons,  he  can 
get  the  various  bevels  and  cuts  of  tlie  rafters 
that  he  is  framing. 


Edge  Bevels  of  Hips.— Fig.  2  shows  the 
blade  of  the  square  apphed  to  the  run  of 
one  hip.  The  lines,  c-d,  d-a,  and  a-c,  respec- 
tively, represent  the  run,  tlie  rise,  and  the 
hip  rafter.  This  triangle,  pi\  oted  on  the  run, 
is  shown  as  if  it  were  lying  on  die  side. 
The  rise  is  12  feet.  The  shaded  bevel  at  a, 
gives  the  plumb  cut  of  the  hip  rafter.  With 
the  compass  set  at  c,  transfer  point  a  to  b, 
as  shown  by  the  dotted  part-circle.  This 
brings  the  rafter  length,  c-a,  in  Une  with  the 
hip  run,  c-d,  and  on  to  b.  Now  tlie  edge 
bevel  that  wiU  fit  the  ends  of  the  deck  is 
obtained  by  taking  the  tangent  and  the  raf- 
ter length  on  the  square— the  rafter  length 
giving    the   bevel.     It   is   obvious    that   the 


square  is  not  large  enough  to  hold  the  tan- 
gent on  one  ami  and  the  rafter  length  on 
the  other,  so  the  two  distances  should  be 
divided  by  2,  which  will  give  a  reduced 
tangent  and  a  reduced  rafter  length.  With 
tliese  reduced  points  taken  in  the  most  con- 
venient way  on  the  square,  the  edge  bevel 
can  be  marked— the  arm  on  which  the  re- 
duced rafter  length  is  taken  gives  the  bevel. 

Fig.  3  shows  in  part,  the  roof  plan  shown 
in  Fig.  2  and  the  diagram  for  obtaining  the 
points  to  use  for  marking  the  edge  bevel 
of  the  hip  rafters  to  fit  the  ends  of  the  deck. 
In  this  case  the  tongue  of  the  square  is  ap- 
pUed  to  the  tangent  line.  To  get  the  edge 
bevel,  use  12  on  the  tongue  of  the  square 
and  the  point  where  the  diagonal  Une  crosses 


Fig.  6 


the  edge  of  the  blade,  or  point  X.  The  blade 
gives  the  bevel. 

Fig.  4  shows  tlie  blade  of  the  square  ap- 
plied to  the  run  of  one  hip,  to  obtain  the 
points  on  the  square  for  marking  the  bevel 
that  vdll  fit  the  side  of  tlie  deck.  The  tri- 
angle, a-c-d,  is  the  same  as  in  the  previous 
diagram.    The    rafter   lengtli    is   transferred 


with  a  compass  from  c-a  to  c-b,  as  indicated 
by  the  dotted  part-circle.  The  tangent  and 
the  rafter  taken  on  the  square  will  give  the 
edge  bevel— mark  on  the  arm  that  holds  the 


THE    CARPENTER 


43 


rafter  length.  Again,  the  tangent  and  the 
rafter  should  be  reduced  by  dividing  both 
by  2. 

Fig.  5  shows  the  diagram  shown  in  Fig.  4, 
but  here  the  square  is  applied  on  the  tangent 
line,  as  shown.  To  mark  the  bevel,  take  12 
on  the  tongue  of  the  square  and  point  X  on 
the  blade— the  blade  giving  the  bevel.  The 
principle  here  is  the  same  as  in  Fig.  3. 

Fig.  6  shows  the  square  applied  to  the 
timber  for  marking  the  two  bevels  necessary 
to  make  the  rafter  straddle  the  corner  of  the 
deck.  The  shaded  square  is  applied,  using 
12  and  point  X.  Point  X  was  found  by  ap- 
plying the  square  as  shown  in  Fig.  3.  The 
dotted-line  square  is  also  applied  by  using 
12  and  point  X,  but  as  shown  by  the  appli- 


Fig.  8 

cation  of  the  square  in  Fig  5.  Compare  and 
study  the  two  applications  of  the  square  in 
Fig.  6,  with  the  applications  of  the  square 
shown  in  Figs.  3  and  5. 

Edge  Bevels  for  Jacks.— Fig  7  shows  the 
square  applied  to  get  tlie  points  for  marking 
the  edge  bevel  of  jacks  for  the  ends  of  the 
roof.  Here  the  lines,  c-d,  d-a,  and  a-c,  show 
respectively,  the  run,  the  rise,  and  the  length 
of  the  rafter  as  if  the  rafter  were  on  its  side. 
The  rafter  length,  c-a,  is  transferred  to  the 
run  line,  c-X,  with  the  compass,  as  shown 
by  the  dotted  part-circle.    Now  the  tangent 


|-*— "Janqeyit   -^ 
Fig.  9 

and  the  rafter  length  will  give  the  edge 
bevel-the  rafter  length  giving  the  bevel.  In 
other  words,  12  on  the  tongue  and  point  X 
on  the  blade  will  give  the  edge  bevel— the 
blade  giving  the  bevel.    Fig.  8  shows  the 


square   applied  to  the   rafter  timber-mark 
along  the  blade. 

Fig.  9  shows  the  square  applied  to  get  the 
points  for  marking  the  edge  bevel  of  the 
jacks  for  the  sides  of  the  roof.  The  tangent 
and  the  rafter  length  will  give  the  edge 
bevel— the  rafter  length  giving  the  bevel. 
Again,  the  square  is  too  small  to  hold  the 


Fig.  10 

tangent  and  the  rafter  length,  so  the  two 
distances  should  be  reduced  as  explained  be- 
fore, and  taken  in  the  most  convenient  way 
on  the  square.  Fig.  10  shows  the  square 
applied  to  the  rafter  material,  using  18  and 
point  X.    Mark  along  the  tongue. 


WANTS   TO  KNOW 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 

A  reader  wants  to  know  how  to  obtain 
the  edge  bevel  for  a  hip  of  an  irregular 
plan  roof. 

If  the  student  will  fix  in  mind  the  "tan- 
gent" as  it  is  used  in  roof  framing,  so  that 
he  will  know  exactly  what  it  is  used  for, 
he  \n\l  have  no  more  trouble  in  framing 
an  irregular  hip  roof  than  he  has  in  framing 
a  regular  hip  roof.  This  applies  to  both 
irregular  plan  and  irregular  pitch  hip  roofs. 

Fig.  1  shows  a  diagram  of  one  end  of  an 
irregular  plan  hip  roof.  The  blade  of  the 
square  is  on  the  seat  of  the  hip  rafter  for 
the  dull  angle  of  the  plan.    To  obtain  the 


H.  H.  SIEGELE'S  BOOKS 

QUICK  CONSTRUCTION.— Coven  hundred!  of  Dnc- 
tlcal  building  problems,  has  256  p.   and  686  11.   12.50 

BUILDING. — Hai  220  p.  and  531  11.,  coverlne  form 
building,  garagei,  finishing,  suir  building,  etc.    $2.50. 

ROOF  FRAMING.— 175  p.  and  437  11.  Boof  framing 
complete.    Other  problems.   Including  saw  filing.    $2.50. 

CONCRETE  CONSTRUCTION.— Has  159  p.,  426  11.. 
covering  concrete  work,  form  building,  screeds,  rein- 
forcing,  scaffolding,  other  temporary  construction.   $2.50 

CARPENTRY.— Has  302  p.,  754  il.,  covering  general 
bouse  carpentry,   estimating   and  other  subjects.     $2.50. 

BUILDING  TRADES  DICTIONARY.— Has  380  p., 
670  11..   and  about  7,000  building  trade  terms.     $3.00. 

Tou  can't  go  wrong  If  you  buy  this  whole  set. 

THE   FIRST   LEAVES.— Poetry.   Only  $1.00. 

TWIGS  OF  THOUGHT.— Poetry.  Only  $1.00. 

FREE. — With  3  books,  one  poetry  book  free,  with  5 
books,  two,  and  with  6  books,  three.  (With  less  than  3 
books,  one  of  the  poetry  books  for  only  50  cents.) 

Books   autographed.    Five-day   Money-back   guarantt*. 

Postpaid  only  when  full  amount  comes  with  order. 
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QUANTITIES — 12  or  more  book*  20%  off,  f.e.b.  Chicago 


44 


THE    CARPENTER 


length  of  the  hip  rafter,  make  the  rise,  E-A, 
eqiial  to  the  rise  of  the  common  rafter,  and 
draw  in  the  hip  rafter  as  sho^\•n  from  A  to 
C.  With  the  compass  set  at  C,  transfer  the 
rafter  length,  C-A,  to  C-B,  as  indicated  by 
the  dotted  part-circle,  A-B.  Extend  the 
seat  hne  of  the  hip,  C-E,  to  B,  as  sho%%Ti 
bv  dotted  Hne.  Also  extend  the  seat  hne 
of  the  common  rafter  to  D,  as  .the  dotted 
line  indicates.  To  mark  the  edse  bevel,  take 
the  rafter  length.  C-B.  on  tlie  blade  of  the 


STAPLE— to  save  time- 
speed  up  production 


T-32  Gun  Tacker 

A  many  purpose  tool  replacing  hammer  and  tacks 
ot  trigger  rate  speed.  Shoots  a  staple  wherever  a 
tack  can  be  driven.  Ideal  for  Carpenters,  Display- 
men,  Insulators,  Upholsterers,  etc.  Special  screen  and 
windov/  shade  attachments.  Same  machine  takes  a 
3,  16",  Va"  and  5  16"  staple.  Loads  150  staples. 
S8.50.     Rustproof    "Monel"    staples    available. 

P-22  Hand   Stapler 

"Reaches  into  hard-to- 
get-at  places."  Ideal 
for  tagging,  labeling, 
«vrappings,  sealing 
bags,  containers  and 
boxes.  '  Same  machine 
takes  VV  and  5/16" 
$6.00. 

Slightly  higher  in  the  Wert  and   Canada. 
Buy  from  your  local  Dealer  or  order  direcf—Dept.  C 


staples.     Loads    150    staples. 


ARROW  FASTENER  COMPANY,  INC. 

30-38    Maujer   St.,    Bklyn.    6,    New   York 


SAVE  TIME!  SAVE  MONEY!  With 

TRIP-HAMMER 

Saw-Set 

FOOT  TREADLE  OPERATED 

•  LIGHT  WEIGHT 

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•  SETS  UP  EASILY 

•  MONEY  BACK  GUARANTEE 

Set   saws    faster.      NO    CRAMPED    HANDS. 

Every  tooth  set  uniformly.  Handles  5  to  12 
point  hand  saws,  3"  to  10"  circular  saws,  Two  man  cross 
cut    saws. 

Send   Cheek,    Money  Order  or   Postal    Note. 

ARDEE  TOOL  CO     ^  o  ^^  ^-^864 

HHWtt    lUUL   UV.      Rocky  River  Stotion,  Ohio 


square,  and  the  tangent  on  the  tongue.  I£ 
the  hip  rafter  is  to  join  the  two  last  com- 
mon rafters,  shown  to  the  left  and  right  of 
the  hip,  then  the  blade  will  give  the  bevel. 


But  if  the  hip  is  to  saddle  on  to  a  ridge 
board  (or  a  deck)  then  tlie  tongue  wrill  give 
the  bevel. 

Fig.  2  shows  how  to  get  the  points  for 
marking   the   edge   bevel  of   the   jacks   that 


*Jan^ehh\ 


Fig.  2 

join  the  hip  just  explained.  With  the  com- 
pass set  at  C,  transfer  the  rafter  length, 
C-A,  to  C-B.  Now  take  the  rafter  length 
(Rafter  L.)  on  the  blade  of  the  square,  and 
the  tangent  on  the  tongue.  The  blade  will 
give  the  bevel. 


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SPEED    SAW    FILER 

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I  extra  sharp  and  true  cutting.  Complete 

I  with  tile  and   ready  to  use     $2.93 


DRILL  GRINDER 
Makes  old  drills  cut  like  new. 
Sharpens  3/32"  to  I'/s"  drills  with 
factory  accuracy  in  30  sees.  No  ex- 
perience  necessary.  Use  with  hand 
or   power    grinding    wheels.      %1  95 


SPEED  HANDLE 
Holds  flies,  razor  blades,  taps,  drilU, 
Allen  wrenches,  bits  etc.  Operates 
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made.     Handiest  tool  in  tool  box.      $1 


SPEED  GRIP  PLANE 
Precision  made,  pocket  sized  plane 
as  easy  to  grip  as  big  one.  S'A" 
x  WW  face.  Can't  be  beat  for  all 
around  fitting  and  finishing.  Blade 
guaranteed  to  hold  edge.     $1.93 


.  .SPEED    SAW    CLAMP 

Grips  full  length  of  hand  saws — 30  inches. 
Saves  time.  Attached  or  released  from  bench 
in  15  seconds.  Lifetime  construction.  Holds 
entire    saw    true    without    vibration.     $4.95 


CIRCULAR   SAW    FILER 

Sharpen  circular  saws  like  aa 
expert.  Adjustable  for  any  pitch 
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« 

BURR  HAND  SAW  FILER 

Makes   More                                               ,-- — '^CT^rT" 

I:- 

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Fast,  accurate,  will  file  from  both  sides.  Operator 
controls  file  arm.  No  saw  carrier  or  adjusting 
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1 

reURR    MFC.  CO.^^^ 

1        B945    VENICE    BOULEVARD       ^^^ffl 
L        lOS  ANGEIESS^    TAi  le            ^BKIWH 

STAIR  GAGES 

(Angle  Gages) 

The  handiest  little  devices  you  ever 
had  in  your  tool  box.  Easily  carried 
in  the  pocket.  Used  on  square  for 
laying  out  angle  cuts  on  rafters,  stair 
stringers,  etc.  Yi"  hexagon  brass 
with  plated  steel  screw.  Rust  proof 
and  will  last  a  lifetime.  Order  today! 
Wt.  4  oz.  pr. 
Money  back  if  not  satisfied 

$1.00  Postpaid 

WELLIVER  &  SONS 
P.  O.  Box  278C 
Rockford,  lllinoit 


Name.  . 
Address . 


SAVE  A  DAY 


Measuring  Tread 
Marking  Board  (right) 

ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE 

Order  today,  or  send  for  circular 

ELIASON  TOOL  COMPANY 


or 
more 
on  Every  Staircase  You  Build 

ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE  in  10  seconds  gives 
you  both  correct  lengtli  and  angle  of  stair 
treads,  risers,  closet  shelves,  etc.,  ready  to 
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ots and  locks  at  any  length 
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2121    E.   56th   St.,   MINNEAPOLIS   17,   MINN. 


tf£W/^h  Lighter  than//// 
Aluminum  '  ' 


Unbreakable  Frame  of 
Extruded  Magnesium  Alloy! 

Here's  the  newest — most  sensational  level  ever 
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lighter  w^eight— it's  made  of  Magnesium^— one  of 
the  toughest  yet  lightest  metals  in  existence. 
It's  a  masterpiece  of  accuracy — absolutely  true, 
straight  and  parallel.  Has  large  hand-holds  .... 
easier  to  handle.  Beautifixlly  designed— grace- 
fully   streamlined.     Greatest  level   ever  built  1 


NEWEST  TYPE  VIAL  UNITS  ARE 
ADJUSTABLE  AND  REPLACEABLE 

Vials  are  cemented  into  die  cast 
Magnesium  holder^held  absolute- 
ly rigid.  Finest  glass  windows. 
Vial  units  attached 
with  screws^ — easily 
loosened  for  adjustment 
or   replacement. 

Get  Your  Scharf 
Magnelite  Level  Todiy ! 
If  your  dealer  can't 
supply  you,  order  from 
us  direct,  but  you  must 
send  dealer's  name  and 
address.  Satisfaction 
guaremteed. 


Check 

These    Low 

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No. 

Size  (Inches) 

Price 

3412.. 

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.$3.50 

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*Extruded    Aluminum      | 

Frame    Only 

1 

J.  H.  SCHARF  MFG.  CO. 

Dept.    C-2,    Omaha,    Nebr. 


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  own  busi- 
ness and  be  your  own  boss  the  "Tamblyn 
System"  Home  Study  Course  in  Estimating 
wi^l  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  c&rpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  you  can  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
first  lesson  begins  with  excavations  and  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  you 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidance  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced  to  the  language  you  underst2uid.. 
You  will  never  find  a  more  opportune  time 
to  establish  yourself  in  business   than  now. 

Study  the  course  for  ten  days  absolutely 
free.  If  you  decide  you  don't  want  to  keep 
it,  just  return  it.  Otherwise  send  us  $8.75 
and  pay  the  baleuice  of  $30.00  at  $7.50  per 
month,  making  a  total  of  $38.75  for  the  com- 
plete course.  On  request  we  will  send  you 
plans,  specifications,  estimate  sheets,  a  copy 
of  the  Building  Labor  Calculator,  and  com- 
plete instructions.  What  we  say  about  this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to  be  after  you  examine  it  is  the  only  thing 
that  matters.  You  be  the  judge;  your  deci- 
sion is  final. 

Write  your  name  and  address  clearly  mnd 
give  your  age,  and  trade  experience. 

TAMBLYN  SYSTEM 

1115    So.    Pearl   St.,    C-38,    Denver    10,    Colo. 


NOTICE 


The  publishers  of  "The  Carpenter"  reierre  the 
right  to  reject  all  advertising  matter  which  may 
be.  In  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters   and  Joiners   of   America. 

All  Contracts  for  advertising  space  In  "The  Car- 
penter," Including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellahle,  are  only  accepted  srbject  to  the  above 
reserved   rights  of  the  publishers. 


Index  of  Advertisers 


Carpenters'  Tools  and  Accessories 

Page 

The    American    Floor    Surfacing 

Machine    Co.,    Toledo,    Ohio 1 

Ardee    Tool     Co.,     Rocky     River 

Sta.,  Ohio 44 

Arrow   Fastener    Co.,   Inc.,    Brooklyn, 

N.     Y.     44 

Burr    Mfg.    Co.,    Los    Angeles, 

Calif.     :__        45 

Cummins    Portable    Tools,    Chicago, 


111. 


4 
45 
48 
48 
47 
48 
47 
24-25 


Eliason   Tool   Co.,  Minneapolis, 
Minn.       

E-Z    Mark    Tools,    Los    Angeles, 
Cal.      

Foley    Mfg.    Co.,   Minneapolis, 
Minn.     

The  Lufkin  Rule   Co.,  Saginaw, 
Mich.     

Millers       Falls       Co.,       Greenfield, 
Mass.       

North    Bros.    Mfg.    Co.,    Philadel- 
phia,   Pa.    

Packard    Mfg.    Corp.,    Indianapolis, 
Ind.     

J.    H.    Scharf    Mfg.    Co.,    Omaha, 

Nebr.     46 

Sharps    Mfg.    Co.,    Salem,    Ore 47 

Skilsaw,    Inc,    Chicago,    111 6 

Speedcor    Products,    Portland, 

Ore.        45 

Stanley  Tools,  New  Britain,  Conn._3rd    Cover 

Welliver  &  Sons,  Rockford,  111.—        45 

Carpentry  Materials 

The  Upson   Co.,  Lockport,  N.  Y._2nd  Cover  ' 

Doors 

Overhead     Door     Corp.,     Hartford 

City,     Ind 4th     Cover 

Technical  Courses  and  Books 

American    Technical    Society,    Chi 
cago.    111.    

Audel   Publishers,   New  York, 

N.    Y.    3rd   Cover 

Builders    Topics,    Seattle,    Wash._        48 

Chicago     Technical    College,    Chi- 
cago,   111.    

H.   H.   Siegele,    Emporia,    Kans. 

Simmons-Boardman     Publishing 
Corp.,   New   York,   N.  Y 

Tamblyn   System.    Denver,    Colo._ 


47 


3 
43 


5 
46 


Wearing  Apparel 
The  H.  D.  Lee   Co.,  Inc.,  Kansas 
City,    Mo. -■ 


1 

\ 
■  ■\ 

-     .J 
3rd  Coveri 


KEEP  THE  MONEY 
IN   THE    FAMILY! 

PATRONIZE 
ADVERTISERS 


PILOT  HOLES  in  a 

hurry  with  one  hand  ^ 

and  a"YANKEE"  I 

Automatic   Push   Drill  4 


Give  yourself  an  extra  hand  for 
holding  doors,  window  stop  mould- 
ing, hardware  and  other  work.  A 
"Yankee"  Push  Drill  bores  holes 
fast,  easy,  one-handed.  Spring  in 
handle  brings  it  back  after  every 
stroke  and  puts  a  reverse  spin  in 
the  drill  point  to  clear  away  chips. 
Improved  chuck  prevents  drills 
pulling  out.  Magazine  handle  holds 
8  drill  points,  ^"  to  |i".  Built  for 
years  of  willing  work.  Your  Stanley 
dealer  carries  these  and  other 
"Yankee"  Tools. 

Write  for  "Yankee"  Tool  Book 


•YANKEE"    TOOLS 
NOW    PART    OP 


[STANLEY] 


THE  TOOL  BOX 
OF  THE  WORLD 


NORTH  BROS.  MFG.  CO. 

Philadelphia  33,  Pa. 


"Yankee' 
No.  41 


ILUFKIN  X-46  FOLDING  EXTENSION  RULE 
IS  EXTRA  RIGID-DURABLE-ACCURATE! 

i4o.  X-46  is  the  superior  extension  rule— ideal  for 
|i>oth   inside    measuring    of    openings    and    general 

•urpose  measuring.  %  inch  wide  sections  ore  of 

tralght  grained  hardwood  in  boxwood  finish.  Other 

aatures  are: 

|>t  Sections  14  inch  thick. .  .33%  itronger. 
i'>  Prominent  black  markings— easy  to  read. 

''  Patented  Brats  Plated  spring  lock  ioints. 
Broit  ttrilce  plates  prevent  wear. 
6-ln.  graduated  slide  in  one  end. 

»o  it  —  Buy  if .  .  .  al  your  nearest  Hardwara  DeaUr, 


IE  LUFKIN  RULE  GO. 
IGINAW,  MICHIGAN  • 


•  TAPES  •  RULES 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


PRECISION  TOOLS 
BARRIE,  ONTARIO 


12th  Edition  for 
EXAMINATION 

SEND  NO  MONEY 


Learn  to  draw  plana,  estimate,  be  a  Ilve-wlre  builder,  do 
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AMERICAN  TECHNicAT  society"  Publishers  since"  1898 

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Name     

Address      

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Attach  letter  stating  age,  occupation,  employer's  name  and 
address,  and  name  and  address  of  at  least  one  buslnesi 
man  as  reference.    Men  In  service,  also  give  home  address. 


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The    WORLD'S    FAVORITE 
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For  boring  small  holes,  there's  nothing  quite  like  this 
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door!    No  adjustments.    No  fussing.    Precision  made. 

-forged,    heat-treated   steel.     Comes    in   3",    3i" 

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PAYS    UP   TO    S2   or   $3   an  ^""^ 

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Send  for  FREE  BOOK 

"Independence  After  40" 

No    canvassing    necessary — "I    ad- 
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got  in  93  saws — I  only  work  spare 
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Minneapolis    18,    Minn. 

Send    FREE    BOOK— "Independence   After   40" 

yame      

Addremt      


HOW    TO    CUT    RAFTERS 


It's  new  .  . .  NOW 

New  vest  pocket   books   gives  lengths,   side  cuts,   plumb  | 
cuts,   deductions,   for  all  rafters  any  building  from   one 
inch    to    forty    feet    wide.      Gives    numbers    to    cut    on 
square.     All  standard  pitches  from   li"  to  12   up   to  ITJ  j 
and  12  rise.    Any  one  can  frame  a  roof  with  this  great  i 
book.     Just  open  book  to  your  pitch  page  and  there   in  I 
plain  print  is  your  lengths  cuts  and  deductions  for  any 
pitched  roof.    Also  gives  how  to  figure  elevations.    How 
to    figure    lumber.     How    to    lay   out    window    and    door 
openings.     Written   by   Harry    (Dad)    Bleam   and  it's  a  | 
dandy.     Price  only  $2.00  each. 

STRINGER  LAYOUTS.  ™|  ^h^\ 

Its  a  simplified  stair  builders  manual;  Its  a  lay  out  book 
for  carpenters  that  want  a  simple  way  to  lay  out  stair  car- 
riages and  stringers.  ,Tust  plain  talk  with  illustrations  that 
a  worker  can  understand.  Xo  trigonometry,  obtuse  angles  or 
other  high  fluting  talk.  Not  written  for  a  stair  builder,  but 
rather  for  the  man  who  has  little  time  to  throw  up  a  stair 
carriage  and  trot  along  with  his  other  work,  simple,  con- 
cise, and  practical.  THE  BEST  FOR  THE  MOXET.  72 
pages,  size  4%  x  6%  inches.  Its  a  dandy  says  everyone  that 
has  it.  Price  $2.00.  This  is  another  of  "Dad  Bleam's 
Books." 

CARPENTRY  ESTIMATING 
If  you  are  an  apprentice  estimator  you  will  want  this  man- 
ual on  carpentry  estimating  by  "Dad  Bleam."  Is  just  the 
McCoy  for  the  person  starting  out  to  do  estimating  work. 
Gives  costs  in  carpenter  hours.  Gives  simple  and  easy  tc 
understand  carpentry  mathematics.  Plenty  of  charts  and  s 
E5vell  value,  you  will  like  this  one  if  you  want  to  leani. 
Price   $2.00 

STEP    BY   STEP    HOUSE    FRAMING    DETAILS 

Step  by  step  house  framing  details  is  another  of  th-; 
"Dad  Bleam  manuals."  It's  crammed  full  of  house  fram- 
ing illustrations,  from  the  laying  out  of  the  foundation  tc 
top   of   roof.     Price   $2.00 

Write 


BUILDERS'  TOPICS 

1512   Market  St.  Seattle   7,   W«»h 

NOTICE— ALL  THE  ABOVE  FOUR  MANUALS  WILL 
BE  SENT  TO  ANY  ADDRESS  AT  SPECIAL  PRICE  OF 
$4.00   YOU    SAVE   $4.00. 


STANLEY  LEVELS 

Wf  \i^  mk  iMm  ImI  l^ 

Mtade  accurate  to  stay  accurate,  Stanley  Levels  have  all  the  fea- 
:ures  that  carpenters  want . . .  for  long,  dependable  service.  Look 
)ver  the  complete  line  of  Stanley  Levels  and  other  fine  tools  at 
rour  local  hardware  dealer's.  Stanley  Tools,  New  Britain,  Conn. 


No.  233  LIGHTWEIGHT  ALUMINUM  LEVEL.  Warp  and  rustproof. 
Truss  construction.  Six  glasses,  fully  adjustable  to  30°,  45°  or 
degree  of  pitch  to  the  foot.  Precision  milled  top,  bottom  and 
sides.  24  and  28  inch  sizes. 


/ 


X 


mt  TOOl  BOX  OF  THE  WORLD 

[STANLEY] 

Reg.  U.S.  Pat.  Off. 


No.  257  SEASONED  PINE  LEVEL.  Lightweight,  weather- 
proofed.  Four  proved  "Cat's  Eye"  glasses — two  single 
plumbs,  one  double  level.  Handy  grip  and  hang  hole. 
24  and  28  inch  sizes. 


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clothes. 

rfteH.D.LEECO. 


I    Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Tranten.  N.  J. 
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Minneapolis,  Minn. 
San  Franeiseo,  Calif 
Salina,  Kant. 


AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Buiidei'S  Guides 

4vois.$6 

Inside  Trade  Inf  ermatien 

for  Carpenters,  Bnildere,  Jois* 
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ffive  yoa  the  short-cat  iDtitruc- 
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ins  these  Guides  as  a  Belpins 
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this  assistance  (or  yoorsau. 
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Inside  Trade  Information  On:        mailFEEE  coupon  i)ekrw. 

How  to  use  the  steel  square — How  to  file  and 

set  saws — How  to  build  furniture — How  to  use 

a  mitre  box — How  to  use  the  chalk  line — How 

to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 

Carpenters   arithmetic — Solving  mensuration 

problems — Estimating  strength  ol  timbers — 

How  to  set  girders  and  sills — How  to  frame 

houses  and  roofs — How  to  estimate  costs — How 

to  build  houses,  bams,  garages,  bvmgalows,  etc. 

— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 

specifications — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 

settings  12, 13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 

to  build  hoists  and  scaffolds — skylights — How 

to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  interior  trim —    . 

How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors — How  to  paint. 

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AUDEL,  Publishers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  Yoi*  10,  N.  Y. 

Mail  Audeis  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  on  7  davs'  fre* 
trial,  if  OK  I  will  remit  $1  in  7  days  and  $1  monthly  until  $6  is.pakl. 
—Otherwise  I  will  return  them.  No  obligation  unless  I  am  satisfMd. 


Name- 


Occupation- 


CAE 


MIRACLE     WEDGE 


Structures  housing  equipment  and  goods  of  large  quantity  or  heavy  weight  must  be 
built  from  best  materials  throughout  in  order  to  have  a  long  and  useful  life.  The  door 
which  has  proved  eminently  satisfactory  in  such  structures  is  The  "OVERHEAD  DOOR' 
with  the  Miracle  Wedge.  This  door  combines  great  strength  with  light  weight  and  un- 
paralleled ease  of  operation.  It  is  equipped  with  durable  hardware,  is  always  ready 
for  instant  opening,  and  it  provides  a  weathertight  closure.  That  is  why  so  many  build- 
ers  specify  it  for  every  structure.  The  'OVERHEAD  DOOR"  is  built  for  industrial,  comm- 
ercial, residential  and  rural  use,  and  may  be  manually  or  electrically  operated. 


TRACKS      AND      HARDWARE      OF      SALT      SPRAY      STEEL 


I 


OVERHEAD  DOOR  CORPORATION  •  Hartford  City,  Indiana,  U.S.A. 


MANUFACTURING     DIVISIONS 


ClENOAlE.   CAUFOtNIA 
OPtlAMOMA  CITY.   OKLAHOMA 


OETtOir,   MICHIGAN 
fOITlANO,  OIECON 


HIUSIDE.   NEW  JEtSEY 
lEWISTOWN,  FENNSYIVANIA 


COtTLANO.  NEW     YOtK 
CALIAS,  TEXAS 


FOUNDED    1881 

OfRcial  Publication  of  the 
UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS  of  AMERICA 

MARCH,    1950 


SAMUEL  GGMPERS 

CENTENNIAL 
1S5D  —  1950 


CRACKED  PLASTER- 

an  opportunity  for  carpenters! 


It  can  truly  be  said  that  the  car- 
penter who  makes  a  business  of  re- 
covering cracked  ceilings  is  never  out 
of  a  job! 

For  cracked,  unsightly  and  unsafe 
ceilings  are  everywhere! 

Independent  surveys  show  that 
tux)  out  of  every  three  homes  have  one 
or  more  rooms  with  cracked  ceilings 
in  need  of  repair. 

Think  what  this  means  to  you! 

You,  as  a  carpenter,  have  the  skiU 
— and  you  can  get  the  material — to 
supply  the  only  satisfactory  answer 
to  ^  cracked  ceiling  problem. 

Patching  and  makeshift  plaster 
repairs  never  are  satisfactory — never 
last. 


i?e-covering  cracked  ceilings  is 
rigEtfuUy  your  job.  It  can  be  yours 
if  you  will  only  step  up  and  ask  for  it. 

You  can  save  the  housewife  from 
the  ordeal  of  re-plastering.  You  can 
save  her  from  the  seeping,  floating, 
gritty  white  dust  that  causes  need- 
less housecleaning  drudgery! 


For  you — and  only  you  as  a  car- 
penter— can  apply  an  Upson  Ceiling 
right  over  old  plaster.  Using  Upsor 
Kuver-Krak  Panels  and  Upson  Float- 
ing Fasteners,  you  can  biiild  a  beau- 


tiful ceiling,  that  wiLL  remain  foreye 
crackproof.  A  ceiling  that  wiU  brin! 
praise  from  your  customer.  A  ceUini 
that  you  will  be  proud  of  yourseli 

And  you  wiU  enjoy  working  oi 
the  job  too.  Upson  Kuyer-Kra] 
Panels  are  clean,  light  in  weight,  easj 
to  handle,  easy  to  apply.  Nearly  aJ 
lumber  dealers  carry  them  in  stoct 
Mouldings,  furring  strips,  Upsoi 
No.  2  Floating  Fasteners  and  nail 
are  all  you  need. 

Send  the  coupon  now  for  simpl 
Instruction  Sheet.  Get  started  no^ 
on  these  pleasant,  profitable  all-the 
year  jobs. 

For  the  best  possible  job — insif 
on  5-ply  Kuver-Krak  Panels— -s 
identified  on  every  panel. 


THE      UPSON       COMPANY     433    Upson    Pomt,  Uekport,    New    York 

Send  me  Instruction  Sheet  and  information  for  applying  5  ply  Upson  Kuver-Krak  Panels 
for  Upson  Ceilings. 

NAME 


STREET. 
CITY 


STATE 


"Following 

the  line 

is  easier 

with 

SKIL  Saw" 

You  can 

always  see 

both  the 

blade 

and  the 

mark 


SKIL  Saw  lets  you  see  what  you're  doing  ...  on  every  cut. 
There's  no  need  to  look  around  motor  housings.  There's  no  leaning  over  the 
saw  to  see  what's  going  on.  Your  line  of  cut  is  always  in  plain  view.  You  see 
the  SKIL  Saw  blade  as  it  cuts.  You  work  in  a  normal,  easy  position. 

Full  visibility,  perfect  balance  and  extra  power  make  SKIL 
Saw  easier  to  use  on  any  job.  Tough,  heavy-duty  construction  keeps  SKIL  Saw 
out  of  the  shop,  keeps  SKIL  Saw  on  the  job.  Ask  your  SKIL  Tools  Distributor 

for  a  demonstration  of  easy-handling,  hard- 
working SKIL  Saws  today. 


SKIL  Saws— for  25 
years  the  leading  portable  electric 
saw.  Choose  from  9  modeb  wJth 
Wade  sizes  from  <S  to  12  inches. 


SKIL  Products  ore  mode  only  by 

SKILSAW,  INC. 

5033  Eltton  Ave.,  Chicoflo  30,  III. 

Factory  Branches  in  Principal  Cities 

In  Canada:  SKILTOOLS.  LTD..  66  Portland  St.,  Toronto.  Ont. 


Trm^^^TCR 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  March,    1913 


A   Monthly  Journal,  Owned   and  Published   by  the   United   Brotherhood   of   Carpenters    and    Joiners 
of  America,  for  all  its  Members  of  all  its  Branches. 

PETER  E.  TERZICK,  Editor 

Carpenters'  Building,  222  E.  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis  4,  Indiana 


Established  in  1881 
Vol.  LXX— No.   3 


INDIANAPOLIS,  MARCH,   1950 


One   Dollar  Per   Year 
Ten  Cents  a  Copy 


—  Con  tents  — 


The  No.  1  Problem     -         -         -         -         -         -  7 

With  the  possible  exception  of  national  security,  no  one  thing  is  creating  more  inter- 
est among  the  people  of  the  United  States  than  is  Social  Security.  The  demand  for  a 
realistic  Social  Security  program  is  tremendous.  The  House  has  already  passed  H.R.  6000 
which  expands  and  liberalizes  the  existing  Social  Security  program.  This  article  makes 
a  comparison  of  the  existing  program  and  the  changes  proposed  by  H.R.  6000. 


The  Ramparts  We  Watch 


10 

An  Indianapolis  paper  not  known  for  Its  pro-labor  bias  raises  the  question,  what 
makes  a  communist?  The  paper  admits  that  the  economic  squeeze  turns  many  loyal 
citizens  into  communists  because  they  can  see  no  way  out  for  themselves.  Yet  whenever 
some  of  these  unfortunates  join  a  union  and  go  on  strike  to  elevate  themselves  the 
paper  is  almost  always  against  them.    Why? 


The  Place  to  Start 


16 


A  rotten  borough  system  in  many  states  has  long  kept  the  state  legislature  in  the 
control  of  rural  elements  because  through  outmoded  apportionment  systems  rural  citi- 
zens get  from  five  to  twenty  times  as  much  representation.  The  time  for  a  change  is  long 
overdue. 


Gompers  the  Peerless 


21 

When  the  history  of  this  age  is  written,  few  people  will  have  a  more  prominent 
role  than  Samuel  Gompers,  the  product  of  a  London  slum,  >vhose  long  and  tireless  efforts 
in  behalf  of  working  people  made  him  a  world  figure.  His  philosophy,  wrhich  ^as  based 
almost  entirely  on  freedom  for  all,  still  guides  the  destinies  of  millions  of  workers 
throughout  the  world. 


•  •  • 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 

Plane    Gossip 

The  Locker 

Editorials 

Official 

In  Memoriam 

Correspondence 

To  the  Ladies 

Craft  Problems 


14 
19 
24 
28 
29 
31 
34 
36 


Index  to  Advertisers 


46 


Entered  July   22,    1915,    at  INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second   class   mail   matter,    under    Act  of 

Congress,  Aug.  24,  1912.    Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for 

in   Section    1103,   act   of   October   3,    1917.    authorized  on   July    8,    1918. 


CARPENTERS 

BUILDERS  and  APPRENTICES 


Get  the  practical  training  you  need 

msss^^^l^^for  PROMOTION, 

INCREASED  INCOME 


Prepare  now  for  more  pay,  greater  success. 
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superintendent,  inspector,  estimator,  contrac- 
tor, with  this  Chicago  Tech  training  in  Build- 
ing. Your  practical  experience  aids  your  suc- 
cess. 

Learn  how  to  lay  out  and  run  building  jobs,  read 
blue  prints,  estimate  building  costs,  superintend  con- 
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THE  No.  1  WORRY 

•     *     * 

WITH  THE  possible  exception  of  national  security,  there  is  no  subject 
in  which  the  working  people  of  the  nation  are  more  interested 
today  than  in  Social  Security.  The  present  Social  Security  Law  went 
into  effect  in  1937.  At  that  time  most  working  people  agreed  that  the  law  was 
good  but  somewhat  inadequate.  Since  that  time  high  prices  have  more  than 
doubled  the  cost  of  living.  As  a  result,  the  Social  Security  Program  laid  out 
thirteen  years  ago  is  next  to  meaningless.  Average  payments  being  made  to 
recipients  of  Old  Age  Benefits  today  run  somewhere  in  the  neighborhood  of 
twenty-five  dollars  per  month.  Obviously  no  man  can  even  exist  on  that 
amount  in  these  days  of  extremely  high  prices.  The  pressure  for  liberalization 
of  the  existing  law  is  tremendous.  That  something  will  be  done  about  it 
shortly  seems  certain. 

All  efforts  to  liberalize  Social  Security  went  for  naught  in  the  80th  Con- 
gress, that  notoriously  anti-labor  Congress  which  passed  the  Taft-Hartley  Law. 
However,  by  its  fine  showing  of  strength  in  the  1948  election,  organized  labor 
changed  the  complexion  of  Congress  considerably.  A  great  many  anti-labor 
Congressmen  were  replaced  by  men  more  sympathetic  to  the  needs  and  de- 
sires of  the  common  people.  When  the  81st  Congress  met,  revision  of  the 
Social  Security  Law  was  one  of  the  first  matters  placed  on  the  agenda.  A  great 
battle  developed.  The  men  sent  to  Congress  with  labor  support  fought  long 
and  hard  for  a  new  and  better  Social  Security  Law.  They  had  plenty  of  oppo- 
sition, for,  despite  its  great  showing  at  the  polls  in  1948,  organized  labor,  by 
a  scant  margin  of  fourteen  seats  in  the  House  and  five  seats  in  the  Senate, 
failed  to  send  to  Washington  a  Congress  dominated  by  liberal  men.  The  fight 
lasted  throughout  the  first  session  of  the  81st  Congress.  Months  rolled  by 
while  the  reactionary  forces  managed  to  keep  Social  Security  amendments 
bottled  up  in  one  committee  after  another.  It  looked  as  if  Social  Security  was 
doomed.  But  in  the  last  days  of  the  session,  the  liberals  managed  to  bring  the 
question  on  the  floor  of  the  House.  Once  the  matter  reached  the  floor,  many 
reactionary  Congressmen  who  fought  liberalized  Social  Security  in  closed 
committee  meetings  had  to  come  out  in  favor  of  it  in  open  session.  As  a  result, 
the  House  passed  H.R.  6000,  a  measure  that  liberalizes  the  Social  Security 
Law  considerably.   However,  the  Senate  took  no  similar  action. 

There  the  matter  rests  today.  The  action  taken  on  H.R.  6000  by  the  House 
last  year  still  stands  since  this  is  the  second  session  of  the  same  Congress.  As 
yet  the  Senate  has  done  nothing.  Some  time  this  year  Social  Security  will  reach 
the  Senate  floor.  The  Senate  may  pass  the  same  bill  as  the  House  or  it  may 
pass  a  different  bill;  in  which  case  differences  would  have  to  be  resolved  by 
compromise.  However,  since  the  House  has  already  passed  H.R.  6000,  chances 
are  that  it  will  set  the  pace  for  whatever  changes  will  be  made  in  Social  Se- 
curity.  Therefore  it  is  important  that  all  members  know  what  changes  H.R. 


THE    CARPENTER 


6000  proposes  to  make  in  the  existing  Social  Security  Law.  Listed  herewith 
are  major  re\-isions  contained  in  H.R.  6000  and  a  comparison  of  the  bill  with 
the  existing  law: 


PRESENT  LAW  H.R.  6000 

COVERAGE 

1.    Workers  in  commerce  and  industry.  1.    ^^^orkers  in  commerce  and  industry. 

2.  Self  employed. 

3.  Regularly  employed  domestic  workers. 

4.  Employees  of  non-profit  organizations. 

5.  Employees   of    State    and    local    govern- 
ments on  a  voluntary  basis. 

BENEFITS  FOR  BENEFICIARIES  ALREADY  DRAWING  BENEFITS 

Now  Drawing  Will  Draw 

$10  $25 

15  31 

20  36 

25  44 

30  51 

35  55 

40  60 

45  64 

FORMULA  FOR  THOSE  WHO  RETIRE  LN  FUTURE 

40%   of  1st  $50  average  monthly  wage.  50%   of  first  SIOO. 

10%   of  next  S200.  10%   of  next  S200. 

Plus  1%    of  tliis   amount  for  each  year  of      Plus  ^2%    of  tlais  amount  for  each  year  oi: 

work.  work. 

Minimum  benefit  $10.  Benefits    are    reduced    proportionately    for 

Maximiun  for  family  $85.  each  year  not  spent  in  covered  employ- 

ment. 
Minimum  S25  for  Wage  Earner. 
Maximum  for  family  $150. 

EXAMPLE  EXAMPLE 

A  ijian  now  65  and  retiring  has  averaged  If    H.R.    6000    became    law,    the    same 

S200  a  month  since  tlie  law  went  into  effect       man's  benefits  would  be  figured  as  follows: 

t  ^^'' l/^'^'^fi    *^^^/-^^'^f  §  ^^'''  ^"^^  ^^^^-       50%   of  the  first  $100 $50.00 

fits  would  be  figured  as  follows:  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^.  ^j^^^  .^  ^^^  ^^  5^0^  ^q  Oq 

40%   of  the  first  S50 $20.00  

10%  of  the  rest,  that  is  10 %c  of  $150  15.00  Total $60.00 

rp„.   1  r,-,  -  an       Plus  Vz  %   for  each  year  worked;  tliat 

lotal $00.00  .     ,  ,^  ,.  1/ c  Q  on 

IS  13  tmies  ¥2% 3.90 

Plus  1  %  for  each  year  covered;  that  

is  13  years  times  35c $  4.55  So  his  monthly  benefit  would  be — S63.90 

So  his  monthly  benefit  would  be $39.55  NOTE:     A%"erage   monthly   earnings   are 

figiu-ed    tlie    same    way.     However,    under 

NOTE:     Average   monthly   earnings    are  H.R.   6000    a   worker    woidd    be    penalized 

arrived  at  by  di\'iding  total  money  earned  ¥2%    for  each  year  not  worked  in  co\ered 

during  the  13  years  by  156  months,  the  total  emploj-ment.    But   H.R.   6000  makes  provi- 

number  of  months  in  13  years;  which  means  sions    for    total    disability    before    age    65, 

months  not  worked  are  counted  in  too,  thus  which  the  present  bill  ignores, 
tending  to  bring  down  the  average. 

PRESENT  LAW  H.R.  6000 

CONTRIBUTIONS 

iy2%    on  first  $3000  for  employee  and  em-       1.    iy2%    on  first  $3600  for  employer  and 
plo\'er.  employee. 

2.    Self  employed  2^4%   on  first  $3600. 


THE    CARPENTER  9 

INSURED  STATUS 

$50  in  wages  in  calendar  quarter  is  "Quar-  Raised  to  $100  per  quarter, 
ter  of  Coverage", 

Fully  Insured  1.    Same  or 

1,  %  of  number  of  quarters  from  1937  or  2.    Same. 

age  21  to  age  65  or  death,  or  3.    20    quarters    out    of    the    40    preceding 

2.  40  quarters.  death. 

REQUIREMENTS  FOR  WAGE  EARNER'S  BENEFITS 

1.  65  years  old.  Same. 

2.  Be  fully  insured. 

REQUIREMENTS  FOR  WIFE'S  BENEFITS 

1.  65.  1.    Same. 

2.  Living  with  husband.  2.    Same. 

3.  Wife  of  retired  beneficiary.  3.    Same. 

4.  %  of  Primary  Insurance  Benefits  of  hus-       4.    Same. 

band.  5.    Eligible  if  under  65  if  she  has  a  child 

under  18  in  her  care. 

REQUIREMENTS  FOR  CHILDREN'S  BENEFITS 

1.    Each  child  under  18  receives  %  Primary       1.    Same,  plus  %  of  PIB  divided  among  all 
Insurance  Benefit.  children. 

REQUIREMENTS  FOR  WIDOW'S  CURRENT  INSURED  BENEFITS 

1.  Legal  widow.  1.    Same. 

2.  Mother  of  child  under  18.  2.    Same. 

3.  Living  with  or  supported  by  husband.  3.    May  be   divorced  but  must  have  been 

supported  by  husband. 

LUMP  SUM  DEATH  PAYMENT 

1.  Paid  when  no  one  entitled  to  monthly       1.    Paid  in  all  cases, 
benefits. 

2.  Six  times  primary  benefit.  2.    Three  times  primary  benefit. 

WORK  LIMITATION 

1.    Worker    not   entitled   to    benefits    if    he       1.    Amount  is  raised  to  $50. 

earns  more  than  $14.99  per  month.  2.    Earnings  limitation  removed  completely 

for  all  over  75. 

PERMANENT  AND  TOTAL  DISABILITY 

No  Provisions.  1.    Disability  payments  start  1/1/51. 

2.  Permanently  and  totally  disabled. 

3.  20  of  last  40  and  6  of  last  13  quarters. 

4.  Waiting  period  of  six  months. 

5.  Under  65. 

6.  Same  rate  as   Old  Age   Insurance  Pay- 
ments. 

7.  Payments    reduced   when   Workman's 
Compensation  payable. 

'.'  8.    No  payment  for  dependents. 

This  is  a  comparison  of  the  most  important  provisions  of  the  Act.   It  is  not 
intended  to  include  minor  technical  changes  of  lesser  importance. 

While  the  formulas  herein  laid  down  are  accurate,  it  should  be  emphasized 
[that  Social  Security,  both  under  the  existing  law  or  under  H.R.  6000  if  passed, 
is  complicated.  One  worker  may  get  back  many  times  what  he  pays  in  while 
[.;  another  may  not  even  get  back  as  much.  Each  case  is  different,  and  age,  num- 
[ber  of  quarters  worked  in  covered  employment,  age  of  dependents,  etc.,  all 
!  have  a  bearing  on  what  a  worker  or  his  survivors  will  get.  Anyone  interested 
I  in  knowing  where  he  stands  in  his  Social  Security  Account  should  contact  the 
iclosest  Social  Security  Office  where  he  can  get  complete  information. 
I  In  Canada,  too.  Social  Security  is  a  pressing  problem.  There  is  much  agi- 
i  tation  for  a  real  Social  Security  program  throughout  the  provinces.  Here,  too, 
sorely  needed  revision  seems  to  be  in  prospect  in  the  near  future. 


10 


The  Ramparts  We  Watch 


LIKE  MOST  of  its  contemporaries,  the  Indianapolis  Times  is  not  noted 
for  its  liberal  bias.  On  the  contrar}'.  and  mostly  with  prett\'  good  cause, 
we  ma}"  add.  the  Indianapolis  link  in  the  Scripps-Howard  chain  has 
often  been  accused  b>"  working  people  of  going  out  of  its  way  to  belittle  social 
legislation  and  stigmatize  organized  labor  whenever  possible.  Year  in  and 
year  out  the  Tmies  has  sung  the  same  old  tune  that  the  commercial  press  has 
long  since  made  its  theme  song— Social  securit)"  is  socialistic;  pubHc  housing  is 
a  demoralizing  influence  on  rugged  individualism;  the  labor  movement  is  a 
racket  dominated  by  a  few  'T)osses".  Indianapolis  readers  of  the  sheet  have 
come  to  expect  such  tripe  in  the  Times  as  standard. 
Therefore  it  must  ha\'e  been  quite     — 


a  shock  to  many  of  them  to  read  in 
the  January  25  issue  an  article  by 
Harold  H.  Hartley,  Times  Business 
Editor,  admitting  what  we  ha^"e  long 
contended— that  some  people  have  it 
tough  these  days.  Because  it  contains 
more  than  a  grain  of  truth,  we  here- 
\^"ith  reprint  tlie  article: 

HOUSING    GOUGE    TURNS    MEN 
RED 
'        By  H.  H.  Hartley. 
Times  Business  Editor 

^^'ant  to  know  how  to  make  a  Com- 
munist of  a  man  who  finds  the  Amer- 
ican way  is  forcing  him  to  listen  to 
promises  of  "a  better  way"? 

Take  any  bo\'  who  sang  the  "Star- 
Spangled  Banner'  and  studied  the 
multiphcation  tables,  and  learned  the 
glowing  history  of  his  countr\"'s 
founding— take  the  boy.  get  him  mar- 
ried, let  him  start  to  find  a  place  to 
live  if  his  wages  are  low. 

If  he  is  earning  about  S40  a  week 
on  a  labor  job,  he  finds  most  of  his 
money  goes  to  the  food  store,  the 
clothing  store  and  for  the  bare  es- 
sentials. 

He  finds  he  has  to  rent  'light  house- 
keeping" rooms  to  get  started.   There 


are  plent>"  of  them,  made-over  houses, 
with  cheap  partitions,  sometimes  not 
e\en  reaching  the  ceiling,  witli  a  com- 
munity" bathroom,  shared  by  the  rest 
of  the  roomers. 

For  this  he  has  to  pay  from  815  to 
S20  a  week.  Add  that  up  and  you  get 
from  S65  to  SSo  a  month,  high  rent  for 
a  man  making  S40  a  week.  .\nd  there 
is  no  chance  for  him  to  accumulate 
even  the  few  dollars  necessary-  to 
make  the  down  payment  e\e\\  on  a 
thrift  home  with  FHA  help. 

^^"hen  he  needs  something  for  him- 
self, his  \^ife  or  his  home,  he  usually 
has  to  "finance  it."  There  he  gets 
caught  again  with  high  interest  rates. 
The  poor  fellow  has  nothing  left. 

He  is  constantly  mired  in  debt  with 
no  chance  to  get  out. 

He  is  caught  in  a  treadmill,  living 
from  hand  to  mouth  with  barely 
enough  money  to  squeeze  in  a  movie 
exery  three  or  four  months. 

And  wiXh  his  SSO  a  month  rent  for 
a  cheap  furnished  "apartment''  his 
tangle  with  the  finance  companies, 
and  maybe  his  union  dues,  he  can 
easily  become  a  lost  and  hopeless 
man,  searching  for  "a  better  way." 


THE    CARPENTER 


11 


That  is  where  the  Communists  get 
their  footholds,  among  the  rent- 
gouged,  low-wage  workers  who  pay 
too  much  for  too  little,  and  can  never 
have  anything  left. 

There  is  more  of  this  than  you  sus- 
pect here  in  Indianapolis,  and  right 
now  the  government,  through  a  de- 
tailed survey,  is  trying  to  find  out 
what  the  conditions  actually  are— and 
what  can  be  done  about  it. 

But  that  is  the  way  the  boy  with 
the  clear  soprano  voice  who  sang  the 
high  notes  of  "The  Star-Spangled  Ban- 
ner" in  knee  pants  grows  up  in  a 
money  world  which  tightens  about 
him— and  that's  the  way  a  Communist 
is  made. 

It  is  time  we  did  something  about  it 
before  it  is  too  late. 

We  particularly  like  the  last  para- 
graph of  Hartley's  article.  It  is  indeed 
time  "we  did  something  about  it  be- 
fore it  is  too  late."  And  no  one  could 
'aeed  that  advice  to  better  advantage 
'han  daily  papers  like  the  Times.  In 
recent  years,  thousand  upon  thou- 
sands of  young  men  caught  in  a  vici- 
ous economic  trap  like  the  young  fel- 
low described  by  Hartley  have  joined 
I  union  and  occasionally  gone  on 
itrike  in  an  effort  to  better  their  eco- 
lomic  conditions.  If  the  Times  has 
upported  them  once  it  was  in  an 
ssue  that  we  missed,  because  every 
ime  we  have  seen  any  comment  by 
he  Times  on  a  labor  situation  it  has 
ilways  been  in  praise  of  the  Taft- 
iartley  Law  and  against  the  eco- 
lomic  costliness  of  strikes.  The  work- 
'ng  people  have  always  known  what 
he  Times  only  recently  has  come  to 
luspect.  They  joined  unions  as  the 
urest  and  best  way  of  securing  a 
nodicum  of  economic  justice.  But 
hey  have  done  it  in  spite  of  the  daily 
'ress  rather  than  because  of  any  en- 
louragement  it  gave. 


We  have  always  maintained  that 
the  one  great  hope  of  beating  down 
Communism  permanently  in  this  na- 
tion has  rested  in  the  labor  movement. 
Today  we  are  more  than  ever  con- 
vinced of  the  truth  of  that  statement. 
The  young  squirt  just  starting  out  on 
a  job  is  not  the  only  fellow  feeling 
the  economic  pinch  these  days.  How 
about  the  old  timer  who  gave  every- 
thing he  had  to  the  building  of  this 
nation  but  who,  through  sickness  or 
misfortune,  was  unable  to  accumulate 
anything  for  his  old  age?  Is  he  happy 
on  Social  Security  of  twent>'-five  dol- 
lars a  month?  Is  that  all  he  is  entitled 
to?  The  unions  don't  thing  so,  so  they 
are  hammering  away  at  decent  pen- 
sions. How  about  the  victims  of 
technological  unemployment,  the 
physically  handicapped,  and  the  other 
unfortunates  who  lose  out  through  no 
fault  of  their  own?  They  are  all  peo- 
ple that  organized  labor  concerns  it- 
self about.  They  are  all  people  ripe 
for  Communist  propaganda  if  nothing 
is  done  for  them.  In  the  final  analysis, 
it  is  organized  labor  that  is  carrying 
the  fight  for  economic  justice  for  all 
groups  and  all  people;  and  there  is  no 
more  effective  weapon  against  com- 
munism than  economic  justice. 

However,  in  many  of  the  upper 
echelons  of  our  society  organized  la- 
bor is  more  thoroughly  distrusted 
than  Communism  itself.  Too  much  of 
that  distrust  has  been  reflected  in  the 
daily  press.  It  is  time  that  some  of 
these  upper  crusters  took  a  realistic 
look  at  themselves  and  the  present 
situation  as  it  really  exists. 

The  American  businessman  is  "ig- 
norant, abysmally  ignorant,  about 
what  Communism  is,  what  Commu- 
nists are,"  according  to  Prof.  James 
Burnham  of  New  York  University. 
Professor  Burnham,  now  on  leave,  is 
with  the  State  Department  in  an  ad- 
visory capacity. 


12 


THE    CARPENTER 


Professor  Burnham,  whose  views 
were  published  in  the  monthly  Par- 
tisan Review  magazine  under  the 
title,  "The  Suicidal  Mania  of  Ameri- 
can Business,"  denounces  the  busi- 
ness man  class  because  it  is  "too 
greedy,  too  reactionary  and,,  in  a  cer- 
tain sense,  too  cowardly." 

The  author's  indictment  charges 
that: 

1.  Businessmen  are  "irked"  by  the 
State  Department's  restrictions  on  ex- 
ports to  the  Communist  Empire. 

2.  The  "monstrous  incomes  and 
profits"  of  the  American  businessman 
"are  emotional  explosives  handed 
gratuitously  to  the  Communist  propa- 
ganda machine." 

3.  "Very  many  businessmen  do  not 
know  the  difference  between  a  Com- 
munist and  an  anarchist,  democratic 
socialist  or  mere  eccentric  dissident." 

4.  "Some  of  the  businessmen,  plain 
and  simple  reactionaries,  are  abso- 
lutely antiunion.  They  would  like  lit- 
erally to  smash  the  trade  unions. 
Since  their  likes  become  known  (they) 
heap  up  grist  for  the  Communist 
propaganda  mill. 

5.  Other  businessmen,  "from  igno- 
rance or  greed  or  both,  act  toward 
unions  in  such  a  way  as  to  aid  Com- 
munist-led unions  against  anticom- 
munist  groups." 

6.  Some  great  publishing  houses 
"have  distributed  millions  of  copies  of 
propagandized  books  by  Communists 
and  their  fellow-travelers"  and  in  their 
million-copied  magazines,  they  print 
articles  skillfully  advancing  the  Com- 
munist line. 

"While  the  New  Leader,"  says  Pro- 
fessor Burnham,  "the  finest  anticom- 
munist  paper  in  the  country,  and  a 
journal  of  real  distinction,  tilts  per- 
manently on  the  edge  of  bankruptcy, 
and  keeps  barely  going  only  because 


of  the  goodwill  of  its  first-rate  but  un- 
paid contributors  and  the  enlightened 
backing  of  David  Dubinsky,  the  busi- 
nessmen write  their  checks  to  news- 
papers and  magazines  run  by  Com- 
munist united  fronts  or  hospitable  to 
Communist-line  authors." 

The  author,  whose  article  is  a  se- 
lection from  his  book  to  be  published 
in  February  called  "The  Coming  De- 
feat of  Communism,"  says  that  during 
the  1949  recession,  "shabby  schemes 
for  evading  (State  Department)  re- 
strictions, by  indirect  sales  through 
Holland,  Belgium  and  other  interme- 
diary nations,  were  worked  out." 

"Though  the  British  aid  to  German 
rearmament  and  the  American  sales 
of  iron  and  oil  to  Japan,"  he  writes, 
"are  the  freshest  and  most  painful  of 
examples,  history,  experience  and 
common  sense  are  fatuously  disre- 
garded. It  would  not,  of  course,  be 
sensible  to  stop  all  trade  with  the 
Communist  Empire.  .  .  .  But  to  trade 
on  a  big  and  unrestricted  scale  is  to 
prepare  suicide,  or,  rather,  to  build 
the  guillotine  for  one's  own  execu- 
tioner. The  inability  of  the  Commu- 
nists to  solve  their  economic  problem 
is  probably  their  greatest  weakness, 
and  our  greatest  protection.  Are  we, 
then,  going  to  solve  it  for  them?" 

Your  businessmen  regard  them- 
seh^es  as  staunchly  anticommunist 
"but  because  they  do  not  understand 
Communism  (and  because  they  are 
greedy  and  short-sighted)  they  act 
frequently  in  ways  that  helps  Com- 
munism," says  Professor  Burnham. 

"They  really  cannot  believe  that  the 
Communists  mean  what  they  say,"  he 
writes,  "just  as  they  could  not  bring 
themselves  to  believe  Hitler.-  They  do 
not  believe  that  the  Communists  are 
serious  when  they  declare  they  are 
going  to  conquer  the  world." 

Professor  Burnham  uses  strong  lan- 
guage  in  making  his   indictments. 


THE    CARPENTER  13 

Whether  or  not  he  is  entirely  justified  among  the  groups  which  represent 
is  probably  a  debatable  point.  Yet  the  what  might  be  called  the  "economi- 
truth  remains  that  we  are  in  the  cally  dispossessed"  organized  labor  is 
midst  of  a  great  sociological  upheaval,  the  only  effective  force  fighting  for 
Whether  Communism  or  democracy  democracy  and  the  democratic  way. 
will  emerge  depends  on  the  degree  of  Whatever  weakens  labor  also  weak- 
economic  justice  which  can  be  ens  the  main  defensive  ramparts  of 
achieved  for  all  groups  within  our  the  democratic  fortress.  All  should 
national    economic    life.     With    and  realize  that. 


DEATH  CALLS  CHARLES  H.  SANDS 


Charles  H.  Sand  passed  away  January  17th.  In  his  passing  not  only  the 
United  Brotherhood  but  the  entire  labor  movement  of  the  middlewest  lost  a 
great  and  fighting  champion.  Born  in  Sweden  some  sixty-seven  years  ago, 
Brother  Sands  migrated  to  this  country  as  a  young  lad,  eventually  locating 
permanently  in  Chicago.  As  soon  as  he  became  old  enough  to  enter  the  build- 
ing trades  he  became  a  union  man.  Joining  Local  Union  No.  58,  he  soon  rose 
to  prominence  as  a  union  officer  and  delegate  to  the  council.  When  the  office 
of  secretary-treasurer  of  the  Chicago  District  Council  became  vacant  in  1922 
Brother  Sands'  efiicient  and  loyal  record  made  him  logical  choice  for  that 
position. 

From  1922  until  ill  health  compelled  him  to  retire  in  1948,  Brother  Sands 
filled  that  position  capably.  In  addition  he  served  many  terms  as  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  State  Federation.  Down  the  years  no  one  fought  such  anti-labor 
movements  as  the  Landis  Award  and  the  anti-trust  suits  harder  than  did 
Brother  Sands.    His  memory  will  always  remain  an  inspiriation  to  those  who 

follow  in  his  footsteps. 

• 

BRITISH  LABOR  OFFICIAL  VISITS  GENERAL  OFFICE 

Early  this  year  the  General  Office  was  privileged  to  play 
host  to  a  distinguished  labor  official  from  England.  In  the 
United  States  as  a  guest  of  the  government  to  study  Ameri- 
can production  techniques,  Brother  G.  I.  Brinham,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Executive  Board  of  the  Amalgamated  Society'  of 
Woodworkers  (formerly  the  Amalgamated  Society  of  Car- 
penters and  Joiners),  made  it  a  point  to  visit  Indianapolis 
and  the  General  Office  of  our  United  Brotlierhood.  For  tlie 
better  part  of  two  days  he  remained  in  the  city  and  during 
that  time  he  was  afforded  ample  opportunity  to  see  how 
our  United  Brotherhood  conducts  its  affairs.  A  keen  and 
highly  intelligent  young  man,  Brother  Brinham  made  the 
most  of  his  opportunity.  He  expressed  amazement  at  tlie 
efficiency  and  smoothness  with  which  the  General  Office 
handles  its  voluminous  and  comphcated  business. 

Although  relatively  young.  Brother  Brinliam  has  had 
wide  experience  in  tlie  English  labor  movement.  As  Execu- 
jdve  Board  member  of  tlie  Amalgamated  Society  for  the  district  comprising  Ireland  and  a 
oart  of  Wales,  he  has  traveled  v^ddely  throughout  tlie  British  Isles.  After  lea^'ing  Indian- 
apohs.  Brother  Brinham  returned  to  England  to  participate  in  British  election  matters.  As 
1  token  of  esteem,  he  presented  General  President  William  L.  Hutcbeson  witli  a  history  of 
he  Amalgamated  Society. 


SIP 


TIME  TO  REALLY  WORK 

Day  by  day  our  present  state  of  peace 
becomes  more  precarious.  Relations  with 
Russia  are  deteriorating  rapidly.  And  if  the 
United  States  has  any  definite  foreign  policy 
capable  of  staving  off  war,  few  people  seem 
to  know  it.  In  our  very  highest  councils, 
half  of  our  leaders  are  for  one  policy  while 
the  other  half  is  for  something  entirely  dif- 
ferent. Who  is  right  and  who  is  wrong  is 
beyond  the  capacity  of  a  poor  old  carpenter 
to  decide,  but  with  the  H-bomb  now  ready 
to  make  the  A-bomb  look  like  a  firecracker 
it  is  our  ferment  hope  that  they  all  get  on 
the  right  track  and  soon.  The  way  they  have 
been  carrying  on  sort  of  reminds  us  of  the 
two  lushes  who  went  to  see  a  very  sick 
friend.  The  man's  wife  told  them  that  the 
doctor  was  with  the  patient,  but  that  one  of 
them  could  sneak  upstairs  and  peek  through 
the  door.  One  of  the  tipplers  did  so  but  was 
soon  back  down  stairs  looking  very  con- 
cerned. 

"Bill's  very  bad,"  he  said.  "The  doctor 
said  to  him,  'Do  you  see  red  elephants  with 
green  eyes  in  the  room,  and  monke>s  on 
the  wardrobe?'  and  Bill  said  'No.'  The  doc- 
tor   said    again,    'Do   you    see    white    cock- 


*They  say  you  can  appeal  best  to 
union  men  with  iust  common 
scentsr 


roaches  with  little  black  dogs  riding  on  their 
backs  on  the  ceiling?'  and  Bill  said  'No.' 
Then  the  doctor  said,  'Do  you  see  purple 
lobsters  with  yellow  cats  on  the  wall?'  and 
Bill  said  'No'  again." 

"Well,  what  of  it?"  asked  his  companion. 

"What  of  it?"  repeated  the  other,  bursting 
into  tears.  "Bill's  real  bad— the  room  was 
full  of  them." 

*      *      * 

IT  HAPPENS  THAT  WAY 

Sometime  this  month  tlie  last  of  the  fifteen 
odd  million  men  who  served  in  the  U.  S. 
Armed  Forces  during  the  recent  war  will 
receive  their  rebate  checks  on  the  insurance 
they  carried  while  in  uniform.  Thus  several 
billion  dollars  of  purchasing  power  will  be 
pumped  into  the  market  places  of  the  na- 
tion. An  Indianapolis  carpenter  who  put  in 
a  four-year  hitch  in  the  Army  described  it 
thusly: 

"As  soon  as  I  got  my  check  my  wife  asked 
me  to  go  shopping.  She  took  me  to  tlie 
dressmakers,  she  took  me  to  the  milliners, 
she  took  me  to  the  fmniture  store,  and  be- 
fore we  got  home  she  took  me  to  the 
cleaners." 

•        •        • 

SOMETHING  FISHY 

That  Big  Business  is  thinking  about  de- 
manding a  complete  revision  of  tax  laws 
seems  indicated  by  publicity  which  one  of 
the  major  employer  associations  is  now  put- 
ting out.  According  to  this  publicity.  Big 
Business  is  even  ready  to  accept  an  increase 
in  its  share  of  taxes  if  only  some  of  the 
overlapping,  confusing,  duplicating  methods 
of  the  present  system  are  eliminated. 

Far  be  it  from  us  to  doubt  tlie  sincerity 
of  such  propaganda,  but  the  idea  of  Big 
Business  agreeing  to  higher  taxes  brings  to 
mind  the  old  one  about  the  fellow  buying 
the  want  ad. 

"I'd  like  to  place  an  ad  offering  $500  re- 
ward for  the  return  of  my  wife's  cat,"  he 
infonned  the  clerk. 

That's  a  mighty  big  reward  for  one  little 
cat,"  said  the  ad  taker. 

"Not  for  this  one,"  calmly  replied  the 
customer.  "You  see  I  drowned  the  blasted 
thing  last  week." 


THE    CARPENTER 


15 


DOUBTFUL  IMPROVEMENT 

The  year  1949  was  a  year  in  which  the 
Taft-Hartley  Law  supposedly  reached  its 
stride.  1948— the  first  full  year  in  which  the 
law  was  in  effect— turned  out  to  be  some- 
diing  less  than  encouraging  to  the  pro- 
ponents of  the  law  who  maintained  that 
Taft-Hartley  was  the  cure-all  for  industrial 
relations. 

"The  law  hasn't  had  time  to  jell,"  they 
;aid  when  the  1948  results  were  evaluated. 
'Wait  until  1949  when  the  law  really  gets 
■}ie  kinks  ironed  out  of  it." 

Well,  1949  has  now  become  history. 
While  the  number  of  strikes  was  not  the 
lighest  in  history,  the  seriousness  and  long 
duration  of  many  strikes  made  1949  about 
as  bad  a  year  on  the  labor  relations  front 
is  tliis  nation  has  seen  in  some  time.  Despite 
the  record,  the  Taft-Hartleyites  are  still  try- 
ing to  picture  the  law  as  a  boon  to  indus- 
rial  peace,  which  places  them  in  a  position 
about  like  the  country  grocer  whose  best 
;ustomer  had  a  complaint. 

"I'm  not  going  to  buy  any  more  of  your 
:rackers,"  said  the  customer.  "I  hear  the 
nice  are  always  running  over  them." 

"That  ain't  so,"  replied  the  grocer  in  in- 
dignation, "Why  the  cat  sleeps  in  the  barrel 
?verv  night." 

•      *      * 
TIMES  HAVE  CHANGED 

Once  upon  a  time  collective  bargaining 
;onsisted  of  representatives  of  labor  and  rep- 
resentatives of  management  sitting  around  a 
:able  together  and  thrashing  out  an  agree- 
nent  in  language  everybody  understood. 
That  was  long  before  the  Taft-Hartley  Law, 
lowever.  As  the  following  example  from  an 
actual  XLRB  case  involving  our  Brotherhood 
ndicates,  collective  bargaining  is  something 
altogether  different  since  the  Tafts  and  the 
hartleys  entered  the  picture. 

This  is  part  of  the  language  used  by  the 
S'LRB  in  deciding  whether  it  was  lawful  for 
anion  members  carrying  truthful  signs  to 
conduct  peaceful  picketing  in  public  places: 

"Our  dissenting  colleagues  apparently  do 
act  beheve  that  Section  8(b)  (1)  (A)  would 
36  substantially  duplicated  if  Section  8(c) 
'.vere  read  into  Section  8(b)  (4)  (A)  because 
temporary  injunctive  relief  under  Section 
L0(1)  was  not  available  against  Section  8(b) 
1)  (A)  conduct  as  it  is  against  Section  8(b) 
.1)  (A)  conduct,  and  because  no  civil  suit  by 
an  injured  party  could  be  brought  under 
Section  303  of  Title  III  for  damages  sus- 
ained  as  a  consequence  of  acts  described  as 
inlawful  which  also  constitute  unfair  labor 
practices  under  Section  8(b)  (4)  (A)." 


SO  SAYS  PAUP 

"Women,"  said  Joe  Paup  in  his  latest 
monthly  communique,  "are  the  most  unpre- 
dictable creatures  on  earth.  A  wife  who  can 
spot  a  blonde  hair  on  a  coat  sleeve  at  ten 
paces  can't  see  a  pair  of  garage  doors  at 
four," 

•  •        • 

LIKE  A  TAXPAYER 

No  wonder  the  little  duckling 

Had  his  face  screwed  up  in  a  frown, 

For  he  had  just  discovered 

That  his   first  pair  of  pants  were  down. 

•  •      • 

PAUP  DECLARES  INDEPENDENCE 

In  1950,  Joe  Paup,  Confucius  of  the  pool 
room,  in  a  changed  man. 

In  his  mid-winter  communique,  Paup 
recently  announced: 

"No  longer  does  the  Mrs.  wear  the  pants 
in  OUT  house.  This  is  a  two-pants  suit  so  now 
we  each  wear  a  pair." 

•  *      • 

EXPERT  ADVICE 

A  preacher  whose  congregation  regularly 
spurn  seats  in  the  front  of  the  church  was 
surprised  to  see  one  man,  a  stranger,  in  the 
very  first  row.  After  the  sermon,  the  pastor 
asked  the  man  why  he  sat  down  in  front. 
The  man  rephed  that,  being  a  bus  driver, 
he  wanted  to  find  out  how  the  preacher 
got  people  to  move  to  the  rear. 


A  MAN  WORKS 

n  HOURS  A  DAY 
f^OR  37"^  AN  HOUR. 
HOW  MUCH  DOES  HE 
EARN  IN  6  DAYS  ? 


32. 


©  1949  ^/ifiC  SrA/^y^/TZ 


**Why  demoralize  us  with  examples 
of  such  lousy,  non-union  wages  and 
hourer 


16 


THE  PLACE  TO  START 


PARADOXES  ARE  nothing  new  in  politics.  Years  ago  some  sage  ob- 
server stated,  "politics  make  strange  bedfellows."  Never  was  that  truer 
than  it  is  right  now.  On  more  than  one  issue  the  communists  and  arch- 
conservatives  are  on  the  same  side  of  the  fence  today.  To  the  uninitiated,  this 
may  appear  to  be  a  strange  phenomenon,  but  to  the  seasoned  politician  it  is 
nothing  more  or  less  than  practical  political  maneuvering. 

On  the  labor  front,  the  strange  divisions  of  political  loyalties  that  exist  | 
today  seem  inexplicable.   Yet  behind  them  lie  ancient  and  solidly-entrenched  ' 
political  machinations  of  long  standing.    Why  should  Congressional  repre- 
sentatives from  a  certain  state  (and  there  are  a  number  of  such  instances)  work 
diligently  for  repeal  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  while  at  the  same  time  the  legis- , 
lature  in  the  state  capital  is  passing  equally  vicious  anti-labor  legislation  by  |l 
overwhelming  majorities?    Both  the  congressional   representati\'es    and   the 
state  legislators  are  elected  by  the  people  of  the  state.   Yet  one  group  follows 
a  pro-labor  line  while  another  is  just  as  staunchly  anti-labor.    To  conclude 
that  one  group  or  the  other  is  out  of 


touch  with  the  people  in  such  in- 
stances is  to  underestimate  the  astute- 
ness of  the  average  politician.  Both 
the  Congressmen  and  state  legisla- 
tors in  such  instances  are  on  their  toes 
and  aware  of  what  is  going  on  in  the 
minds  of  their  constituents.  The  fact 
that  they  take  opposing  lines  of  ac- 
tion on  labor  matters  stems  not  from 
ignorance  on  one  side  or  the  other 
but  rather  from  the  fact  that  archaic 
apportionment  methods  deprive  mil- 
lions of  American  citizens  of  true  rep- 
resentation in  their  state  legislatures. 
Particularly  is  this  true  since  the  war 
dislocated  large  segments  of  our  pop- 
ulation. 

In  most  states,  legislative  districts 
are  founded  on  population  surveys 
that  took  place  anywhere  from  fifty 
to  a  hundred  years  ago.  The  popula- 
tion patterns  that  existed  in  those 
days  often  have  nothing  in  common 
with  the  patterns  that  exist  today. 
Yet  legislative  seats  are  still  rigidly 


apportioned  according  to  the  popula- 
tion figures  that  existed  in  President 
McKinley's  time. 

On  the  other  hand,  Congressional 
districts  are  reapportioned  periodical- 
ly. As  the  population  pattern  changes, 
the  Congressional  districts  are  revised 
to  keep  representation  nearly  equal. 
Consequently,  people  in  all  areas  en- 
joy something  akin  to  equal  represen- 
tation in  Congress.  But  far  from  it  in 
many  state  legislatures.  City  dwellers 
are  steadily  losing  out  in  the  state 
legislatLires  as  rural  districts  tighten 
their  grip  on  control  of  the  legisla- 
tures through  moth-eaten  apportion- 
ment methods.  Richard  Neuberger, 
magazine  writer  and  member  of  the 
Oregon  Senate,  exposes  the  vicious- 
ness  of  the  process  in  a  recent  article 
in  The  Survey.  In  part,  Neuberger 
points  out: 

"During  the  past  four  or  five  dec- 
ades, the  United  States  has  become 
preponderantly  a  nation  of  city  dwel- 


THE    CARPENTER 


17 


lers.  For  better  or  for  worse,  people 
have  migrated  from  the  green  coun- 
tryside to  the  brick  and  concrete. 
When  this  century  began,  61  per  cent 
of  all  Americans  lived  in  rural  areas. 
The  percentage  is  down  to  40  per 
cent  now  and  is  dropping  every  year. 

"But  most  of  the  legislatures  of  the 
forty-eight  states  are  districted  on  the 
basis  of  the  populations  of  1900  or 
thereabouts,  absolutely  without  re- 
gard to  1950. 

"We  were  an  agrarian  nation  when 
these  legislative  seats  were  last  ap- 
portioned, that  is,  when  the  districts 
were  laid  out  in  conformance  with 
population  shifts  up  to  that  time.  To- 
day we  are  the  world's  foremost  in- 
dustrial sovereignty,  the  birthplace  of 
mass  production  and  atomic  power, 
yet  we  continue  to  be  ruled  by  legis- 
latures modeled  after  a  civilization  of 
pastures  and  fields.  This  becomes 
painfully  clear  after  a  look  at  the 
1949  estimates  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
the  Census  upon  which  most  of  the 
figures  given  here  are  based. 

"The  legislature  of  Mississippi  has 
not  been  reapportioned  since  1892, 
Kentucky  not  since  1893,  Illinois  not 
since  1909.  Tennessee's  most  recent 
reapportionment  was,  incredibly,  in 
L834.  Connecticut  ventured  a  redis- 
tricting  80  years  ago;  nothing  has 
oeen  done  in  the  interval.  Obviously 
liere  is  scant  relationship  between 
he  Connecticut  population  structure 
irf  1870  and  today.  Yet  the  1870  cen- 
sus determines  the  seats  in  the  pres- 
ent Nutmeg  legislature! 

j  "My  own  legislative  status  affords 
H  specific  example  of  exactly  what 
liis  can  mean.  In  the  Oregon  state 
;enate  I  represent  a  Portland  district. 
The  city  has  soared  230  per  cent  in 
population  since  the  last  reapportion- 
nent— in  1910— but  in  all  these  forty 
^ears  it  has  not  received  a  single  ad- 
ditional senator.    Our  state  constitu- 


tion requires  that  the  legislature  be 
reapportioned  every  ten  years.  This 
has  been  ignored  for  four  decades. 

"The  Oregon  constitution  also 
specifies  that  senatorial  districts  shall 
be  equal  in  population.  I  represent 
81,000  people.  A  few  desks  away  sits 
a  Senator  from  a  realm  of  sagebrush 
and  mountains,  and  he  represents 
7,200  people.  That  is  the  total  popu- 
lation for  his  district.  Any  time  there 
is  a  roll-call,  regardless  of  the  pro- 
posal at  issue,  his  vote  can  cancel 
mine.  The  result,  of  course,  is  that 
each  resident  of  this  Senator's  district 
in  the  backwoods  has  11  times  the 
voice  in  the  state  senate  of  one  of  my 
constituents  in  Portland. 

"What  is  the  outcome  in  terms  of 
practical  legislation? 

"Our  state,  as  one  example,  has  a 
rigid  milk  control  law  which  discrim- 
inates heavily  against  urban  consum- 
ers by  forbidding  grocers  to  sell  grade 
"A"  at  low  prices.  Again,  the  legisla- 
ture declined  to  take  any  positive 
steps  toward  slum  clearance  in  the 
cities,  but  on  the  other  hand,  it  cre- 
ated a  potato  commission  with  au- 
thority to  levey  an  impost  on  every 
sack,  regardless  of  boosting  the  price 
to  consumers.  Destitute  children, 
again,  fared  far  worse  when  it  came 
to  appropriations  than  did  rural  roads. 

"And,  to  cite  one  more  indignit)', 
automobile  license  fees  were  doubled 
on  lightweight  passenger  sedans,  a 
city  dweller's  type,  at  the  same  time 
that  tolls  went  down  for  a  34,000- 
pound  truck  and  trailer. 

"I  should  like  to  emphasize  that  my 
colleague  from  the  wide  open  spaces 
is  no  less  conscientious  or  sincere 
than  I.  But  he  comes  from  a  totally 
different  realm.  What  does  he  know 
of  tenements,  of  unbelievable  traffic 
congestion,  of  abandoned  children,  of 
racial  bigotry,   of   destitution  in   old 


18 


THE    CARPENTER 


age?  His  7,200  constituents  are  scat- 
tered over  a  vast  upland.  The  com- 
plexities of  urban  life  to  them  are 
unfamiliar  hearsay.  Their  ranches  are 
across  the  hilltop,  as  a  rule,  from  the 
next  cluster  of  buildings  and  corrals, 
and  elbow  room  is  plentiful. 

"This  rural  domination  of  our  state 
legislatures  is  practically  universal. 
St.  Louis,  with  816,000  people,  has 
the  same  number  of  seats  in  the  Mis- 
souri House  of  Representatives  as 
eighteen  hinterland  counties,  with 
158,000  peple.  Hartford  and  Cole- 
brook  each  has  two  members  in  the 
Connecticut  House.  The  population 
of  Hartford  is  166,000,  that  of  Cole- 
brook  547.  Los  Angeles  and  San 
Francisco  contain  virtually  half  of 
California's  residents,  but  qualify  for 
a  mere  5  per  cent  of  the  senate  desks 
at  Sacramento.  Baltimore  has  48  per 
cent  of  Maryland's  people,  yet  only 
29  per  cent  of  the  state  legislators. 

"The  Minnesota  constitution,  like 
that  of  Oregon,  requires  legislative 
zones  of  substantially  equal  popula- 
tion, yet  some  of  its  House  districts 
have  7,500  people,  others  65,000.  The 
constitution  is  honored  strictly  in  the 
breach.  As  in  so  many  other  states, 
Minnesota's  urban  areas  receive  the 
shortest  shifts.  Ramsey  and  Henne- 
pin counties— the  cities  of  St.  Paul 
and  Minneapolis— would  be  legally 
and  mathematically  entitled  to  at 
least  five  additional  state  senators 
and  ten  more  representatives.  De- 
spite complete  justification  on  the 
basis  of  population,  the  two  large 
cities  seem  unlikely  to  attain  their 
quota. 

With  labor  girding  on  its  armor  for 
an  all-out  entrance  into  the  political 
arena,  the  facts  which  Mr.  Neuberger 
points  out  cannot  be  ignored.  What 
good  to  repeal  the  Taft-Hartley  Law 
if  forty-eight  states  adopt  equally 
vicious  state  laws  which  accomplish 


the  same  purposes  as  the  Taft-Hart- 
ley Law?  So  long  as  state  legislatures 
remain  in  the  control  of  small  rural 
cliques  which  hold  their  power 
through  outmoded,  rotten  borough 
systems,  industrial  workers  can  never 
achieve  very  much  liberal  progress. 
So  long  as  the  rural  citizen  continues 
to  have  anywhere  from  five  to  ten 
times  the  voting  strength  his  city 
brother  has,  pro-rural  legislation  will 
continue  to  be  passed  at  the  expense 
of  the  city  dwellers. 

Strangely  enough,  most  states  in 
which  the  borough  system  keeps 
small,  rural  minorities  in  control  of 
state  legislatures  have  state  constitu- 
tions which  require  zones  of  substan- 
tially equal  population  as  the  basis 
for  apportioning  seats  in  the  legisla- 
tures. The  difficulty  stems  from  the 
fact  that  the  constitutions  are  never 
really  lived  up  to  and  no  concerted 
efforts  are  ever  made  to  secure  com- 
pliance. 

Changing  the  rotten  borough  sys- 
tem in  many  states  cannot  be  consid- 
ered an  easy  task.  Yet  it  is  a  job  that 
labor  must  do  if  it  expects  to  make  its 
political  action  even  akin  to  effec- 
tive. More  than  a  quarter  of  the  I 
states  now  have  anti-labor  laws  which  I 
are  even  more  vicious  than  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Law.  Another  quarter  have 
laws  which  restrict  labor  to  some  ex- 
tent, although  not  as  damagingly  as 
the  Taft-Hartley  Law.  Until  such 
laws  are  repealed,  labor  cannot  con- 
sider its  political  job  done,  and  until 
outmoded  apportionment  laws  are 
changed  in  many  of  these  states, 
chances  of  repealing  the  anti-labor 
laws  are  small. 

The  Federal  government  is  now  in 
the  process  of  taking  a  new  census. 
That  census  will  reveal  the  true  pop- 
ulation in  every  state.  With  this  cen- 
sus as  a  basis  to  work  from,  more 
realistic  apportionment  divisions 
should  be  worked  out  in  all  states. 


i 


THE    LOCKER 

By  JOHN   HART,  Local  Union   366,   New   York,   N.   V. 


This  fricassee  of  arithmetical  curiosities,  oddities,  short  cuts,  etc.,  etc.,  is  compiled 
solely  for  amusement— or  perhaps  amazement.  It  all  goes  to  show  what  we  knew  when 
going  to  school  still  holds  true.  Arithmetic  is  wacky.  You  are  advised  to  save  it  for  a  rainy 
day.   Answers,  etc.,  are  on  page  30. 

No.  1 

Write  down  the  year  you  were  initiated  

How  old  were  you  the  year  the  war  ended?  yrs. 

How  long  will  you  be  in  the  Brotherhood  this  year?  yrs. 

Now  put  down  the  year  you  were  born  

Add  up  tliese  4  numbers,  then  look  at  the  answer  page 

No.  2 

Multiphcand  976     9-[-7-j-6=22  2  =  2=  4     To  prove  an  answer  in  mul- 

Multiplier  379     3-i-7-J-9=19  l-f9=10  1_|-0=1     tiplication  is  right:  Add  the 

multiplicand     across.      Add 

8784  4     the  result  until  only  one  fig- 

6832  ure  is   left.     Do   the   same 

2928  witli  the  multiplier.    Multi- 

ply    the    resulting    figures. 

Product  369904     3+6+9+9+04-4  =  313+1=4     What  you  get  is  the  check 

figure  (4).  The  product  is 
added  similarly  and  reduced  to  another  check  figure.  If  the  two  figures  are  alike  the 
answer  is  correct.  If  not,  something  is  wrong  somewhere.  This  is  called  the  unitate  system 
of  proving  an  answer.  All  the  above  addition  should  be  done  mentally  and  only  the  check 
figures  written  down.    Time:    The  usual  way,  30  sees.   This  way,  15  sees. 

No.  3 

A  number  is  divisible: 

By  2  if  it  is  an  even  number.    (You  live  and  you  learn.) 

By  3  if  tlie  sum  of  its  figures  is  divisible  by  3.   Examples,  2601,  579,  14280. 

By  4  if  it  ends  in  00  or  2  figures  divisible  by  4.    13700,  33128,  97672. 

By  5  if  it  ends  in  0  or  5.    (We  heard  that  before  somewhere.) 

By  6  if  it  is  an  even  number  divisible  by  3.    2604,  10008,  7710. 

By  8  if  it  ends  in  000  or  3  figures  divisible  by  8.    33000,  73216,  9720. 

By  9  if  the  sum  of  its  figures  is  divisible  by  9.  783,  8001,  111330. 

No.  4 

Which  figure  do  you  make  poorest?    Multiply  it  by  9.    Now  multiply  12345679  (no  8)  by 
what  you  got.    If  you  need  more  practice  multiply  the  following: 

37         37         37         37         37         37         37         37         37     Now  figures  out  why  the  num- 
3  6  9         12         15         18         21         24         27     ber  37  should  be  so  peculiar. 

I  No.  5 

ASTRONOMY.   Lesson  No.  108 

Distance  of  the  earth  from  the  sun  is  about  108  times  diameter  of  the  sun. 
Distance  of  the  earth  from  the  moon  is  about  108  times  diameter  of  the  moon. 
,  The  calculated  diameter  of  the  sun  is  about  108  times  diameter  of  the  earth. 

No.  6 

28657  To  prove  an  answer  in  addition.   Add  up  the  first  or  unit  coltmin. 

79669  42  (42)  Carry  nothing.    Add  the  ne.xt  column  (38).    Put  it  down  one 

74375  38  figvire  back  from  the  previous  one.    And  so  on  until  all  columns 

57958  33  are  added.    Step  back  each  result.    Now  add  up  in  the  usual  way. 

89487  45  This  might  be  a  good  way  to  do  the  addition  in  the  first.    Put  the 

"      38576  33  figures  directly  underneath.   If  interrupted  you  can  always  pick  up 

where  you  left  oflF. 

378722  378722 


20 


THE    CARPENTER 


No.  7 
A  man  found  a  wallet  containing  6  bills  totaling  $58.00.    He  kept  one  bill  for  himself 
and  divided  the  remaining  5  between  his  wife  and  daughter  so  that  each  received  an  equal 
amoimt.    What  were  the  6  bills? 

No.  8 
After  selling  10  per  cent  of  his  land  a  farmer  had  100  acres  left.   What  was  the  original 
size  of  his  farm? 

No.  9 

Strike  out  100  points  with  4  continuous  straight  lines  in  this  way:  First 
stroke,  20.  Second,  20.  Third,  30.  Fourth,  30.  Start  an^'^A'here.  Make 
your  line  as  long  as  you  wish.    There  are  8  ways  to  do  this. 

LOLLIPOPS  (Children  Only) 


10 

10 

10 

10 

20 

10 

10 

10 

10 

Riley's  cat  went  up  a  tree 

^^^hich  was  sixty  feet  and  three. 

Every  day  she  climbed  eleven. 

Every  night  she  slipped  down  seven. 

Figure  out  for  mom  and  pop 

When  her  paws  would  reach  tlie  top. 

B 

How  much  is  lost  by  measuring  20  ft.  of 
rope  with  a  yardstick  which  has  the  last  3 
inches  cut  off? 


Which  costs  most?    Half  a  dozen  dough- 
nuts at  a  dozen  pennies  a  half  a  dozen  or  a 
dozen   oranges   at    half    a   dozen    nickels   a 
dozen  and  a  half. 
D 

(d)  (b) 

Solve:  5+9x3-7=  10-:-2-f  10x2= 

E 

Write  the  figures   1234567  in  rotation  to 
form  a  sum  in  addition  totaling  100. 


Helped  President  Wilson  at  Paris 


This  is  the  AFL  delegation  which  helped  advise  President  Woodrow 
Wilson  at  the  Paris  Peace  Conference  from  January  to  April,  1919.  Seated 
(1.  to  r.),  First  Vice-President  James  Duncan  and  President  Samuel  Gompers. 
Standing  (1.  to  r.).  Third  Vice-President  Frank  Duffy,  Fourth  Vice-President 
William  Green,  now  AFL  President,  and  former  Third  Vice-President  John  R. 
Alpine.  Vice-President  Alben  W.  Barkley  told  those  at  the  Gompers  Memorial 
Dinner  Jan.  5,  1950,  that  "there  was  no  man  in  America  upon  whom  ^^^oodrovv 
Wilson  leaned  more  heavily  or  confidently  than  upon  Samuel  Gompers." 


21 


Solomon  and  Sarah  (Rood)  Gompers, 
both  of  whom  had  been  born  in  Hol- 
land.   They  were  wage-earning  folk. 

After  four  years  of  schooling,  young 
Gompers  was  apprenticed  to  the  shoe- 


GOMPERS  THE  PEERLESS 

*     • 

THE  WORLD  OF  LABOR  has  produced  only  one  Sam  Gompers. 
Few  leaders  in  any  field  of  endeavor  have  so  influenced  their  era 
and  succeeding  decades  as  did  Samuel  Gompers  by  his  life-long  service 
in  the  cause  of  labor. 

From  a  shoemaker's  apprentice  at  ten  to  undisputed  world  labor  leader, 
the  life  of  this  English-born  son  of  Dutch  parents  gave  leadership  to  trade 
unionism  in  the  United  States  and  spiritual  inspiration  to  working  people 
throughout  the  world.  

Today,  more  than  25  years  after  his 
death,  the  prophetic  philosophy  of 
Samuel  Gompers  guides  the  destinies 
of  millions  in  the  trade  union  move- 
ment in  North  America. 

Samuel  Gompers  was  one  of  the 
most  unusual  and  versatile  leaders 
the  labor  movement  has  ever  pro- 
duced. 

A  man  of  little  formal  schooling, 
he  studied  throughout  his  life  and 
discussed  problems  of  politics,  eco- 
nomics, and  world  affairs  with  the 
best  of  his  contemporaries. 

A  man  from  humble  circum- 
stances, he  had  a  deep  apprecia- 
tion for  the  cultural  pursuits  of 
literature,  music,  and  the  arts  and 
numbered  among  his  friends  many 
from  the  world  of  art  and  enter- 
tainment. 

A  man  who  had  to  fight  his  way 
upward  at  a  time  when  unionism 
was  frowned  upon,  he  became  a 
great  leader  recognized  the  world 
over  as  the  champion  of  working 
people.  Sam  Gompers  led  a  full 
life  and  an  unselfish  one  devoted  to 
the  cause  he  held  most  dear— union 
■  labor. 

Samuel  Gompers  was  born  in  Lon- 
don January   27,    1850,   the   son   of 


SAMUEL  GOMPERS 

makers'  trade  but  soon  tiu-ned  to  the 
trade  followed  by  his  father,  cigar- 
making.  At  13  years  of  age  the  family 
moved  to  America,  and  in  this  country 
young  Sam  completed  his  apprentice- 


90 


THE    CARPENTER 


ship  and  became  a  journeyman  work- 
er. He  joined  the  Enghsh-speaking 
Cigarmakers'  Union  in  New  York 
City,  old  Local  No.  15. 

Young  Gompers  early  exhibited  a 
characteristic  which  led  to  his  active 
participation  in  union  affairs  and 
and  helped  to  carry  him  to  the  top  of 
its  councils— his  love  of  people.  He 
was  attracted  by  the  humanitarian 
aspect  of  lodge  and  fraternal  work 
and  gave  considerable  time  to  it  in  his 
early  days. 

He  soon  saw  that  labor  organiza- 
tion work  offered  greater  dividends  in 
terms  of  humanitarian  ser\-ice  than 
did  fraternal  activities  and  so  he  soon 
turned  to  trade  unionism  and  made  it 
his  life's  work.  He  held  Card  No.  1  in 
the  Cigarmakers'  International  Union 
and  served  as  president  of  Local  No. 
144  from  1876-1881.  He  was  delegate 
to  the  international  con\-ention  of  his 
union  from  1877  through  the  24th 
convention  in  1922.  He  was  second 
vice  president  for  12  years.  1887-96 
and  first  vice  president  thereafter. 

But  the  boundless  energy  and  zeal 
of  this  cigarmaker  could  not  be  con- 
tained in  one  union.  He  was  active 
with  others  in  tr\ing  to  weld  together 
the  diverse  and  disunited  forces  of  la- 
bor into  one  national  or  international 
federation.  He  worked  at  his  trade 
until  he  was  37  and  devoted  his  spare 
time  to  union  organization  work. 

He  worked  with  other  pioneers  to 
form  a  national  federation  in  1881  and 
served  three  years  as  president  and 
two  >ears  as  member  of  the  legisla- 
ti\"e  committee,  ^'\lth  the  formation 
of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor 
proper  in  1886  Gompers  was  elected 
president  at  the  magnificent  salar)-  of 
81,000  per  year  and  expenses. 

Samuel  Gompers  distinguished  him- 
self as  a  pioneer  and  a  leader  in  labor, 
as  a  strong  participant  in  international 


affairs,  and  as  a  writer  on  subjects 
about  or  affecting  the  welfare  of 
workers. 

He  served  as  president  of  the  Amer- 
ican Federation  of  Labor  from  1886 
until  his  death  in  1924,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  one  year.  Substantial  gains 
for  workers  were  made  and  the  foun- 
dations which  were  to  be  the  basis  for 
AFL  success  were  laid. 

President  Gompers  advocated  eco- 
nomic organization  as  a  means  of 
serving  trade  unions  and  he  felt  that 
economic  mobilization  of  strength 
along  non-partisan  lines  would  lead  to 
success. 

He  fought  from  the  earliest  stages 
of  his  career  the  infiltration  of  ex- 
treme radicals,  the  forerunners  of 
present  day  communists,  into  the  A. 
F.  of  L. 

He  particularly  opposed  their  at- 
tempts to  inveigle  the  A.  F.  of  L.  into 
an  independent  political  movement 
and  thereby  make  labor  the  tail  of  a 
political  kite. 

Gompers  expressed  the  political 
policy  of  labor  through  his  famous 
doctrine:  "Stand  faithfully  by  our 
friends  and  elect  them.  Oppose  our 
enemies  and  defeat  them;  whether 
they  be  candidates  for  President,  for 
Congress,  or  other  officers;  whether 
Executive,  Legislative,  or  Judicial"— 
a  polic}"  adopted  today  by  all  con- 
structive parts  of  American  labor. 

In  1906  he  submitted  a  Bill  of 
Grie\"ances  to  responsible  political 
representati\"es  and  this  marked  the 
beginning  of  effective  presentation  by 
organized  labor  of  its  cause  to  legis- 
lators. To  Sam  Gompers  chiefly  is 
due  the  enactment  into  law  of  that 
fundamental  economic  principle:  the 
labor  of  a  human  being  is  not  a  com- 
modit}\ 

Although  a  pacifist,  Gompers  felt  it  (,, 
his  duty  to  lead  in  his  capacity  the  I 


r^ 


THE    CARPENTER 


23 


support  in  the  fight  for  democracy  in 
World  War  I.  His  knowledge  of  and 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  European 
workers  placed  him  in  an  exceptional 
position  to  aid  the  war  effort. 

'  He  served  on  the  Advisory  Council 
jf  National  Defense  and  was  instru- 
nental  in  organizing  the  first  War  La- 
bor Committee  to  develop  labor  pol- 
cies  until  a  government-created  body 
:ame  into  existence. 

He  was  active  on  behalf  of  the  AFL 
n  developing  labor  policies  and 
itandards  and  in  seeing  that  labor  was 
Droperly  represented  on  war  boards. 
\n  effective  speaker,  he  aided  mate- 
•ially  in  the  Liberty  Loan  drives. 

But  aiding  in  the  war  effort  did  not 
nark  his  only  participation  in  inter- 
lational  affairs.  President  Gompers 
lerved  in  1895,  1909,  and  1918  as  fra- 
emal  delegate  from  the  AFL  to  the 
British  Trades  Union  Congress  and  in 
.909  was  unofficial  representative  at 
he  International  Secretariat.  Ten 
'ears  later  he  served  as  AFL  delegate 

0  the  International  Federation  of 
Trade  Unions. 

1  Always  anxious  to  improve  the  wel- 
are  of  workers  the  world  over,  Presi- 
lent  Gompers  was  active  in  founding 


the  Pan  American  Federation  of  La- 
bor in  1918  and  was  its  president  from 
its  establishment  until  his  death. 
Presidents  Obergon  and  Calles  of 
Mexico  called  Gompers  Mexico's 
greatest  and  most  intelligent  friend 
during  the  period  of  revolution.  Brit- 
ain's premier,  Lloyd  George,  and 
France's  Clemenceau  hailed  him  as 
one  of  the  Allies'  greatest  supporters. 

Throughout  his  career  Gompers 
wielded  an  effective  pen.  He  felt  that 
the  broad  educational  work  to  be 
done  for  and  with  labor  was  a  chal- 
lenge to  his  best  efforts.  In  his  full 
and  busy  life  he  wrote  five  books, 
more  than  two  dozen  pamphlets,  and 
countless  articles  in  magazines.  He 
was  editor  of  The  American  Federa- 
tionist  from  1894  with  the  issuance  of 
Volume  I,  until  his  death  with  Vol- 
ume 31  in  1924,  with  the  exception  of 
one  year. 

Gompers  died  as  he  lived,  literally 
"in  harness."  He  was  returning  from 
Mexico  and  had  just  been  reelected 
AFL  president  and  Pan  American 
Federation  of  Labor  president.  He 
died  in  San  Antonio,  Texas,  Decem- 
ber 13,  1924,  and  was  buried  five  days 
later  in  Sleepy  Hollow  Cemetery, 
Tarrytown,  New  York. 


DENHAM'S  BIAS  GLARES  IN  ATTACK  ON  NLRB 

General  Counsel  Robert  N.  Denliam  of  the  National  Labor  Relations  Board  cleared 
p  a  few  tilings  in  a  speech  in  New  York  City: 

1.  He  admitted  that  the  principles  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Act  and  the  Wagner  Act  are 
|ls  far  aoart  as  the  Doles. 

2.  He  implied  that  only  he  was  fit  to  interpret  Taft-Hartley  and  that  the  members  of 
lie  National  Labor  Relations  Board  were  wrong  when  they  differed  with  him. 

.  3.  He  urged  employers  to  challenge  any  decision  of  the  board  where  Denham  was 
vemiled.    In  other  words,  Denham  always  supports  management's  interests. 

Denham,  whose  pro-management  bias  has  been  apparent  to  trade  unionists  for  some 
one,  spoke  at  a  meeting  of  the  Building  Trades  Employers  Association  of  New  York  City. 

The  trouble  witli  the  NLRB,  Denliam  told  employers,  is  that  there  are  too  many 
ersons  in  the  organizations  who  are  "saturated"  witli  Wagner  Act  principles.  And  tlie 
ouble  with  Denham  is  that  he's  "saturated"  witli  pro-management  principles  of  Taft- 
lartley. 

Denliam  is  the  man,  you  remember,  who  told  the  National  Farm  union  it  had  no  rights 
nder  Taft-Hartley,  but  that  T-H  could  be  used  to  break  tlie  union. 

Denham's  latest  outburst  emphasizes  exactly  where  he  stands. 


Editorial 


A  Positive  Approach  Is  Needed 

Among  the  many  actions  taken  by  the  Executh'e  Council  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor  at  its  mid-winter  meeting  in  Miami  last  month  was  a 
strong  and  emphatic  veto  of  any  move  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  gov- 
ernment to  accord  full  diplomatic  recognition  to  Spain  under  the  totalitarian 
heel  of  Dictator  Franco.  As  a  basis  for  its  position  the  AFL  Council  said: 

"We  are  convinced  tlmt  the  reasoning  underlying  the  proposal 
to  extend  full  recognition  would  inevitably  lead  our  government 
from  one  fatal  blunder  to  another.  We  cannot  accept  as  a  pre- 
mise that  in  the  present  explosive  international  situation—in 
which  communist  totalitarianism  is  the  main  danger  of  war— 
diplomatic  recognition  by  the  world's  leading  democracy  has  no 
moral  implications  whatsoever. 

"On  this  basis  our  government  could  logically  hasten  to  ex- 
tend such  recognition  to  the  communist  usurpers  who,  with  the 
aid  of  imperialist  Russia,  have  overthrown  the  legally-constituted 
government  of  China  which  was  the  very  first  one  to  resist  totali- 
tarian aggression. 

"Nor  can  we  agree  tvith  the  contention  that  an  American 
ambassador  in  iSIadrid  could  serve  to  hasten  political  and  eco- 
nomic reform  in  Spain. 
^  "On  the  contrary,  such  recognition  only  paves  the  way  for 

extensive  financial  aid  to  a  despicable  despotism  now  in  the 
throes  of  a  crisis,  ichich,  if  not  alleviated  by  outside  aid,  can  lead 
only  to  its  doom." 

How  much  weight  the  AFL  recommendations  against  recognition  of  Spain 
will  carry  is  problematical.  Recent  history  has  pro\-ed  that  time  after  time 
organized  labor  has  been  on  the  right  track  in  international  matters,  but  time 
after  time  its  advice  has  been  ignored.  In  1933  and  1934  organized  labor  was 
urging  economic  sanctions  against  Hitler  but  the  government  paid  no  heed. 
Instead  it  followed  the  dictates  of  industrialists  who  were  investing  money 
in  the  Nazi  regime  and  building  up  the  Frankenstein  monster  which  cost  us 
millions  of  dollars  and  many  lives  to  destroy.  A  little  later  organized  labor 
was  protesting  the  shipment  of  oil  and  steel  scrap  to  Japan,  but  again  its 
ad\"ice  was  disregarded  in  favor  of  the  advice  of  those  who  were  making 
money  out  of  dealing  with  the  Japanese  regime  which  poured  death  and 
destruction  on  Pearl  Harbor  a  few  years  afterwards.  Today  the  AFL  advice 
on  Spain  is  sound,  but  again  there  are  those  who  see  profits  in  dealing  with 
Franco,  and  it  is  too  much  to  expect  that  profits  will  cease  influencing  our 
foreign  policy  after  all  these  years  in  which  profits  have  been  the  paramount 
consideration. 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

Somewhere  in  the  Good  Book  it  says  it  is  impossible  to  defeat  evil  by  con- 
sorting with  evil.  Certainly  the  last  ten  years  should  have  proved  this  point. 
To  combat  the  evil  of  Nazism  we  consorted  with  communism.  As  a  result 
we  vanquished  one  e\il  only  to  find  an  equally  sinister  one  sitting  on  our  door- 
step. We  moved  from  one  blunder  to  another.  Can  we  now,  by  reversing  the 
process  and  consorting  with  Franco's  evil  fascism  to  combat  the  evil  of  com- 
munism, gain  anything  in  the  long  run?  The  AFL  Executive  Council  thinks 
not. 

On  this  entire  matter  of  combating  communism,  it  would  seem  the  time 
has  arrived  for  the  United  States  to  take  a  good  look  at  its  hole  card.  Since 
the  war,  untold  billions  have  been  poured  into  all  parts  of  the  world. 

Results  to  date  are  questionable  at  best.  China  has  been  lost  to  the  Reds. 
In  Itah'  and  France,  anti-communist  governments  totter  along  riding  out  one 
crisis  after  another  by  the  skin  of  their  teeth.  And  right  here  at  home  over 
half  a  million  citizens  carry  cards  in  the  communist  party,  according  to  a 
recent  release  by  the  FBI.  Somehow  or  other  it  seems  the  time  is  ripe  for  an 
o^'erhauling  of  our  techniques. 

First  and  foremost,  this  nation  can  no  longer  afford  to  ignore  communism 
at  home  while  spending  billions  to  fight  it  abroad.  So  far  the  only  concrete 
step  that  has  been  taken  against  communism  has  been  the  setting  up  of  a 
non-communist  aflfidavit  for  union  officers.  Communists  can  sit  in  Congress 
and  tlie  state  legislatures,  and  in  some  instances  we  suspect  they  really  do. 
Men  who,  if  they  are  not,  certainly  act  like  communists  hold  high  positions  in 
many  branches  of  government.  No  one  asks  employers  whether  or  not  they 
are  communists  at  any  time.  Yet  of  all  the  forces  that  are  aligned  against 
communism,  organized  labor  is  the  most  effective.  Paradoxically,  it  is  the 
only  segment  of  our  population  where  a  non-communist  affidavit  is  required. 
If  a  non-communist  affidavit  is  okay  for  union  officers  why  not  for  legislators 
and  employers  and  businessmen  and  teachers?  Why  not  for  doctors  and  law- 
yers and  professional  men? 

Elsewhere  in  this  issue  is  an  article  from  an  Indianapolis  paper  telling  how 
the  economic  squeeze  turns  a  loyal  young  American  into  a  communist.  Against 
that  economic  squeeze,  organized  labor  is  the  one  effective  w^eapon.  Em- 
ployer's groups  and  Chambers  of  Commerce  think  that  the  way  to  fight  com- 
munism is  to  tell  the  people  about  how  many  more  bathtubs  the  United  States 
has  than  Russia.  Organized  labor  thinks  the  way  to  fight  communism  is  to 
help  the  guy  without  a  tub  get  himself  one.  And  therein  lies  the  essential 
difference.  Ours  is  the  approach  that  will  beat  communism.  The  sooner  all 
Americans  see  it  the  better. 


No  One  Opposes  True  Economy 

In  politics  there  is  no  more  sure-fire  formula  for  building  popularit)^  and 
winning  votes  tlian  talking  of  tax  reductions.  No  one  likes  to  part  with  a 
chunk  of  his  income  for  taxes;  and  it  seems  the  bigger  the  income,  the  more 
true  is  this  statement.  With  the  budget  for  the  next  fiscal  year  now  under  con- 
sideration, a  great  hue  and  cry  about  economy  in  government  and  a  reduction 
in  taxes  is  reverberating  through  the  halls  of  Congress.  Opponents  of  all 
progressive  legislation  are  using  the  budget  hearings  as  a  sounding  board  for 


26  THE    CARPENTER 

voicing  their  opposition  to  social  security  legislation  and  housing  legislation 
and  all  the  other  legislation  that  proposes  to  make  life  a  little  better  for  the 
working  man.  Economy  and  more  economy  is  their  battle  cry  on  all  liberal 
legislation  and  they  fight  every  progressive  measure  on  that  basis. 

With  their  avowed  intention  of  cutting  down  taxes  no  one  can  disagree. 
Taxes  are  taking  too  high  a  percentage  of  the  average  man's  income  and  any 
and  all  economies  that  can  be  effected  should  be  instituted  as  soon  as  possible. 
But  tax  programs  ought  to  be  realistic.  They  ought  to  put  first  things  first. 
This  is  where  the  "price-tag"  Congressmen  fall  down  badly.  They  ignore 
matters  that  concern  the  welfare  of  millions  of  people  and  deal  lavishly  with 
special  projects  that  catch  their  fancy.  What  they  actually  do  is  use  budget 
matters  for  political  footballs  to  advance  their  own  interests  and  the  interests 
of  their  party. 

These  economizers  particularly  single  out  the  federal  government's  "wel- 
fare" policies  as  evidence  of  extravagant  spending.  An  analysis  of  the  national 
budget  will  show  that  75  cents  out  of  every  tax  dollar  is  spent  for  defense, 
foreign  aid,  veterans'  benefits  and  interest  on  the  war  debt.  The  welfare 
departments  take  a  minute  fraction  of  the  total  tax. 

In  1948  some  10.2  billion  of  the  federal  taxes  collected  went  out  for  wages 
and  salaries.  That  admittedly  is  a  lot  of  money.  But  62  per  cent  of  that  total 
was  paid  to  military  and  civilian  employes  of  the  armed  forces,  leaving  38 
per  cent,  or  less  than  4  billion,  for  employes  of  all  non-military  agencies. 

When  you  deduct  the  IVz  billion  paid  to  post  office  employes  from  this 
4  billion,  you  have  2y2  billion  left  for  the  employes  of  all  other  civilian  agencies 
including  the  welfare  departments,  leaving  little  room  for  economy. 

Undoubtedly  fairly  substantial  economies  in  the  operation  of  our  Federal 
Government  can  be  instituted.  The  Hoover  Commission  has  called  attention 
to  some  ways  and  means  that  seem  legitimate  and  advisable.  Few  will  com- 
plain of  economies  that  are  justified. 

One  thing  we  have  noticed  particularly— the  Congressmen  who  thump  the 
tub  loudest  for  less  government  spending  hesitate  the  least  when  it  comes  to 
appropriating  money  for  projects  that  will  help  their  own  constituents.  They 
want  economy  in  the  government,  but  they  want  the  other  forty-seven  states 
to  do  all  the  economizing.  When  their  own  constituents  need  a  new  flood 
control  wall  or  a  pest  control  program  or  some  other  project,  the  economy 
Congressmen  are  right  in  there  pitching  for  money  to  undertake  such  pro- 
grams. Which  is  well  and  good  because  people  need  to  be  protected  from 
floods  and  pest  invasions.  But  the  thing  that  ought  to  be  remembered  is  that 
if  the  people  of  one  state  are  entitled  to  such  consideration,  the  citizens  of  the 
other  forty-seven  states  ought  to  rightfully  expect  similar  treatment.  There  is 
no  economy  in  letting  people  anywhere  get  flooded  out  or  eaten  out  by  insects 
or  otherwise  ruined  through  preventable  acts  of  nature. 

Red  tape,  duplication,  and  overlapping  authority  are  evils  in  the  Federal 
Government  that  eat  up  tax  money  and  should  be  eliminated.  With  the  mili- 
tary usurping  the  biggest  share  of  the  budget,  our  defense  plant,  too,  should 
be  scrutinized  closely  for  any  possibilities  of  economy.  But  when  it  comes  to 
protecting  the  people  against  the  ravages  of  nature  and  the  vicissitudes  that 
result  from  our  economic  system,  the  welfare  of  the  people  must  get  prime 
consideration. 


Bg  sure  your 
Local  Union 
books  a  showing 
of  these  two 
United  Brother- 
hood films — 


THIS  IS  YOUR  BROTHERHOOD 


and 


CARPENTERS  HOME 


£N3vj<:K:xx>i>;?s>iK> 


Produced  by  authorization  of  the  General  Executive  Board, 
these  two  films— in  color  and  sound— show  the  General  Office  in 
action  and  the  Lakeland  Home  taking  care  of  old  time  members. 
There  is  no  charge  for  the  use  of  these  films.  They  are  loaned  out 
by  the  General  Office  on  a  first  come,  first  served  basis,  to  Locals, 
Councils  and  Auxiliaries.  If  you  haven't  seen  these  films,  urge  your 
Local  Union  to  book  a  showing  as  soon  as  possible.  Take  it  up  at 
the  next  meeting.  Full  details  may  be  obtained  by  dropping  a 
note  to: 

Maurice  A.  Hutcheson, 

First    General    Vice-President, 

Carpenters  Bldg.,  222  E.  IMichigan  St. 
Indianapolis  4,  Indiana. 


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 


Gbnbbal  Office  :  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


.Ghneral  President 

WM.   L.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


First  General  Vice-President 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'   Building,   Indianapolis,    Ind. 


Acting  Secretart 

ALBERT   E.    FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN    R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'  Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


General  Treasurer 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,   Ind. 


General  Executive  Board 
First  District,    CHARLES   JOHNSON,   JR.  Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBERTS 

111  E.  22nd   St.,   New  York  10,   N.   Y.  3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second   District,    O.    WM.    BLAIBB 
933  E.  Magee,  Philadelphia  11,  Pa. 


Sixth  District,   A.   W.   MDIB 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District,  HARRY  SCHWARZEB 
1248  Walnut  Ave.,    Cleveland,    O. 


Seventh  District,  ARTHUR  MARTBL 
3560    St.    Lawrence,    Montreal,    Que.,    Can. 


Fourth   District,   ROLAND   ADAMS 
712  West  Palmetto   St.,   Florence,    S.   C. 


WM.  L.   HUTCHESON.   Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 


NOTICE 

\\^ithm  the  next  few  months  the  registration  books  in  most  states  will  be 
closed.  Citizens  who  are  not  registered  by  the  time  the  books  are  closed  in 
their  respective  states  will  be  unable  to  vote  in  the  highly  important  national 
election  scheduled  for  November.  The  November  election  will  in  large 
measure  determine  whether  this  nation  will  strive  to  build  a  way  of  life  that 
can  guarantee  each  citizen  a  maximum  of  security  against  unemployment, 
illness  and  the  uncertainties  of  a  penniless  old  age,  or  whether  there  shall  be  a 
return  to  the  rugged  individualism  of  tlie  Hoover  era.  The  voters  will  decide 
the  issue  at  the  ballot  box. 

E\'ery  working  man  has  a  big  stake  in  the  outcome.  Therefore  every  mem- 
ber of  the  United  Brotherhood  should  be  registered  so  that  he  can  vote  his 
convictions  in  November.  Good  intentions  are  fine,  but  ballots  are  the  only 
things  they  count.  The  best  intentions  in  the  world  cannot  help  a  bit  in 
electing  the  kind  of  a  Congress  that  the  working  people  of  the  nation  want. 
You  have  to  cast  your  ballot,  and  in  order  to  do  so,  you  must  be  in  a  position 
to  vote  by  being  registered.  Register  yourself  and  then  urge  the  members  of 
your  family  and  your  friends  to  do  likewise. 


21  tt   0ittntivxscxn 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them, 
Not  dead,  just  gone  before; 


They  still  live  in  our  memory. 
And  will  forever  more 


%tBt  in  l^tutt 

Th*  Editor  ham  b«€n  requested  to  publith  the  namee 
of    the    following    Brothers    who    have    passed    away. 


JOHN  ABEL,  L.  U.  808,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
W.  H.  ARD,  L.  U.  626,  Wilmington,  Del. 
ARNOLD    P.    ASHER,    L.    U.    61,    Kansas    City, 

Mo. 
HARRY    G.    BACON,    L.    U.    626,    Wilmington, 

Del. 
ALEXANDER   BAIN,   L.  U.   1149,   Oakland,   Cal. 
FRANK   BAIN,   L.  U.   162,   San  Mateo,   Cal. 
SIDNEY  J.  BARTON,  L.  U.  1622,  Hayward,  Cal. 
HARRY  W.   (Dad)   BLEAM,  L.  U.  1289,  Seattle, 

Wash. 
WM.  BLOEDEL,  L.  U.  460,  Wausau,  Wis. 
M.  BREAULT,  L.  U.   1360,  Montreal,  Que.,  Can. 

D.  L.   BURK.   L.   U.  764,   Shreveport,   La. 

J.   W.    COCHRAN,    L.    U.   61,   Kansas    City,    Mo. 

E.  E.   CROFT,   L.   U.   61,   Kansas    City,   Mo. 

C.   J.    CROWLEY,    L.    U.    61,    Kansas    City,    Mo. 

ROBERT  M.  DAVIDSON,  L.  U.  1622,  Hayward, 
Cal. 

FRANK  J.  EVASKA,  L.  U.  30,  New  London, 
Conn. 

LUTHER  A.  EZZELL,  L.  U.  986,  McAlester, 
Okla. 

EDGAR  W.  FAULKNER,  L.  U.  626,  Wilming- 
ton,   Del. 

FRANK    FULTON,    L.    U.    1622,    Hayward,    Cal. 

FRED    GOUDY,   L.   U.   40,   Boston,   Mass. 

EDWARD  J.  GRILLOT,  L.  U.  1206,  Norwood, 
Ohio 

JOE  A.  HAMILTON,  L.  U.   1622,  Hayward,   Cal. 

B.    F.    HANNAH,    L.    U.    1278,    Gainesville,    Fla. 

JOHN  T.  HELLEGERS,  L.  U.  490,  Passaic,  N.  J. 

GEORGE  HEUSTON,  L.  U.  626,  Wilmington, 
Del. 

FRANK    HILLIARD,    L.    U.    500,    Butler,    Pa. 

JAMES  A.  HOWLETT,  L.  U.  33,  Boston,  Mass. 

CHAS.  M.  HUGHES,  L.  U.  1335,  Wilmington, 
Cal. 

J.    J.    JACKSON,    L.     U.     764,    Shreveport,     La. 

FRITZ   J.    JOHNSON,    L.    U.   40,    Boston,    Mass. 

HAROLD  W.  JOHNSON,  L.  U.  298,  Long  Is- 
land,   N.    Y. 

HYLAND  B.  JOHNSON,  L.  U.  1407,  Wilming- 
ton, Cal. 

ROBERT  C.  JOHNSON,  L.  U.  1622,  Hayward, 
Cal. 

WILLIAM  H.  KELLER,  L.  U.  379,  Texarkana, 
Tex. 

FRANCIS  J.  KENNEDY,  L.  U.  162,  San  Mateo, 
Cal. 

CLEVA    KNIGHT,    L.    U.    601,    Henderson,    Ky. 

LEIBERT    KNIGHT,    L.    U.    734,    Kokomo,    Ind. 

WILLIAM    KUHL,    L.    U.    1622,    Hayward,    Cal. 

EDWIN  JOHN  KYLLONEN,  L.  U.  1335,  Wilm- 
ington,  Cal. 

W.  A.  LAN  WAY,  L.  U.   1622,  Hayward,   Cal. 


DAVID    LINDSAY,   L.   U.   162,    San    Mateo,    CaL 
SETH     T.    LOCKRIDGE,    L.    U.    665,    Amarillo, 

Tex. 
FRANK     LOCKWOOD,     L.     U.     210,     Stamford, 

Conn. 
JOHN   MILES   MACDONALD,  L.  U.   1149,  Oak- 
land,   Cal. 
WILLIAM    J.    MCDONALD,    L.    U.    33,    Boston, 

Mass. 
HENRY    F.    MARTIN,    L.   U.   1335,   Wilmington, 

Cal. 
LOUIS    MILLER,   L.   U.   584,   New   Orleans,    La. 
JOSEPH    J.    MITCHELL,    L.   U.    1407,    Wilming- 
ton,   Cal. 
OTTO    MOOR,    L.    U.    1622,    Hayward,    Cal. 
HENRY  VINCENT  MYERS,  Sr.,  L.  U.  530,  Los 

Angeles,    Cal. 
JOHN    OLSON,    L.    U.    1397,    Mineola,    N.    Y. 
JAMES  L.  ORMAN,  L.  U.  40,  Boston,  Mass. 
ALBERT  PARK,  L.  U.  871,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 
JOSEPH    S.    PEREIRA,    L.    U.    1622,    Hayward, 

Cal. 
PETER   M.   PETERSON,   L.   U.    1622,    Hayward, 

Cal. 
ORVILLE  DEAN  POLAND,  L.  U.  746,  Norwalk, 

Conn. 
L.   C.  PRESTON,  L.  U.   1822,  Ft.  Worth,  Tex. 
WILLARD   S.   RICHARDS,   L.  U.  626,   Wilming- 
ton, Del. 
FAYE     RICHARDSON,     L.     U.     770,     Yakima, 

Wash. 
JACK   ROACH,   L.   U.   11,   Cleveland,   Ohio 
VICTOR     SACRISON,     L.     U.     210,     Stamford, 

Conn. 
JAMES    SCHOLEY,    L.    U.    1149,    Oakland,    Cal. 
WILLIAM    J.    SCHULER,    L.    U.    188,    Yonkers, 

N.  Y. 
W.   A.   SEAY,   L.   U.    1278,   Gainesville,   Fla. 
JOHN    SELDAT,    L.    U.    337,    Detroit,    Mich. 
W.   J.  SHELBY,   L.  U.   1822,  Ft.   Worth,    Tex. 
H.   RALPH    STERN,   L.   U.   201,   Wichita,   Kans. 
EVERETT    STOGSDILL,    L.  U.  133,  Terre  Haute, 

Ind. 
ANDREW    SZYMONIAK,    L,    U.    1757,    Buffalo, 

N.  Y. 
VANDEL   TAPLICSKY,  L.  U.  626,   Wilmington, 

Del. 
GEO.    W.    THACHER,   L.   U.   61,   Kansas     City, 

Mo. 
JOSEPH     VITALE,    SR.,    L,    U.     11,    Cleveland, 

Ohio 
JEROME    WALLACE,    L.    U.    162,    San    Mateo, 

Cal. 
EARL   WARNER,   L.   U.   770,   Yakima,    Wash. 
JOHN    W.   WILLIS,   L.    U.    1622,   Hayward,    Cal. 
ALFRED   ZIMMER,   L.   U.  808,   Brooklyn,   N.  Y. 


30  THECARPENTER 

ANSWERS   TO   "THE   LOCKER" 

1.     13895.    Durminger  couldn't  do  better  than  that. 

4.  If  done  correctly  your  answer  should  consist  of  the  chosen  figure  repeated  several  times 
and  no  other.    This  37  business  is  too  much  for  us, 

5.  Just  in  case  you're  curious  or  dubious: 

Distance  of  earth  from  sun,  93,000,000  mis.     Diam.  of  sun,  863,000  mis. 
Distance  of  earth  from  moon  238.000  mis.       Diam.  of  moon  2200  mis. 

Diam.  of  earth,  8000  mis. 

All  in  round  numbers.  Now  don't  spoil  a  good  thing  by  being  technical. 
What's  a  couple  of  thousand  miles  among  astronomers? 

7.  One  fift>-.  Three  two's.  Two  one's.  He  kept  the  fift\-.  His  \\-i£e  got  two  two's.  His 
daughter  a  two  and  t^vo  one's.    30.00-i-4.00-|-4.00= 38.00. 

8.  Ill  1/9  acres.  Figured  by  guess  and  by  golly:  If  one-tenth  was  sold,  then  nine-tenths 
remain.  If  this  is  one-tenth,  ten  times  this  is  the  whole  or  original  figure.  11  1/9x10^ 
111  1/9.    Slow  but  sure. 

Figured  by  proportion:   10x100  =  1000  =  111  1/9.     Quicker  and  surer. 
~90~     ~9~ 


Fair  enough? 


Start 

LoUipops. 

A.  14  days.  4  ft.  gained  each  day.  At  the  end  of  13th  day,  32  ft.  gained.  On  the  14th  day 
she  chmbed  11  and  so  reached  tlie  top.  What  happened  after  that  wouldn't  affect 
the  answer. 

B.  18  inches.  6  measurements  of  the  yardstick  which  should  be  18  ft.  only  measures  16 
ft.  6  inches.  There  is  where  the  18  inches  is  lost.  Nothing  was  lost  in  the  last  measure- 
ment. 

C.  The  oranges.   6  dozen  doughnuts  @  24  cents  a  dozens  SI. 44. 

12  dozen  oranges  @  20  cents  a  dozens  S2.40. 

D.  ''a)  23.   (b)  25.   In  problems  of  this  land  multiplication  and  division  should  be  done  first. 

E.  1 

2  That's  one  way. 

34 
56 

7 

100 

In  the  December  issue  of  The  Locker  it  was  stated  that  the  highest  denomination  of  bill 
printed  was  $10,000.00.  Brother  Fred  Whyte  of  the  Bronx  questioned  this.  He  claimed 
there  was  such  a  thing  as  a  $100,000.00  bill.  We  checked  wth  the  Bureau  of  Printing  and 
Engra\"ing  and  we  found  out  this:  There  is  a  $100,000.00  gold  certificate  printed  with  a 
likeness  of  Woodrow  \Mlson  on  the  face.  These  notes  do  not  enter  into  general  circulation. 
They  are  issued  only  to  Federal  Reser\-e  banks  for  business  transactions  with  the  Treasurer 
of  the  United  States.  So  thanks  to  Brother  Whyte's  alertness  well  all  look  oiu:  money  over 
more  carefully  in  the  future. 

Brother  Tarwater  of  San  Francisco  wants  to  know  if  there  is  any  Roman  date  \\-i\h.  more 
characters  than  one  he  saw  in  Xapa  Valley.  MDCCCLXXXVIII  (1SS8).  Have  you  seen 
an>-thing  longer  than  that?  If  there  is  ever  such  a  year  as  1988  it  probably  would  be  uTitten: 
MDCCCCLXXX\TII,  one  more  character.  This  looks  more  impressive  than  MCMLXXXVIII 
which  is  the  same  date. 


CorrospondoncQ 


This  Journal  Is  Not  Responsible  for  Views  Expressed  by  Correspondents. 

NEWARK  FLOOR  LAYERS  SPONSOR  FINE  CELEBRATION 

Essex  House  in  Newark,  New  Jersey,  saw  one  of  the  gayest  events  in  its  histor>'  on  the 
night  of  January  21st  when  several  hundred  members  of  Local  Union  No.  2212,  together 
with  their  families  and  friends,  gatliered  together  there  to  help  the  union  celebrate  its 
eleventh  anniversary.  Excellent  food,  fine  entertainment  and  capable  speaking  combined  to 
make  the  evening  a  great  success. 

Walter  Sculthorpe,  chainnan  of  the  dinner  committee,  welcomed  the  guests  and  ex- 
tended to  General  Representative  Raleigh  Rajoppi  the  toastmastership  of  the  evening.    In 

his  usually  capable  manner  he  kept  things 
moving  at  a  brisk  pace.  *A  large  number  of 
guests  from  New  York  and  Philadelphia  were 
on  hand  to  help  make  the  occasion  a  pleasant 
one.  Special  guest  and  featured  speaker  of 
tlie  evening  was  O.  William  Blaier,  General 
Executive  Board  member,  whose  assistance 
and  advice  have  often  helped  the  union  o\er 
rough  spots. 

In  a  short  address,  James  P.  Patterson, 
business  agent  of  the  union,  recalled  that  the 
floor  layers  were  really  organized  in  192.5  but 
tliey  floundered  around  in  another  organiza- 
tion for  a  number  of  years  until  Brother  Blaier 
helped  them  obtain  a  charter  from  the  United 
Brodierhood  in  1939.  From  that  time  on  the 
progress  of  the  floor  layers  under  Local  Union 
2212  has  been  steady  and  consistent.  He 
thanked  not  only  Brother  Blaier  and  Rajoppi 
for  their  contributions  to  the  progress  of  tl:ie  union  but  also  the  business  agents  of  unions 
in  surrounding  areas  for  their  fine  cooperation. 

Following  the  dinner,  dancing  was  enjoyed  until  a  late  hour. 


(Standing,  left  to  right)  Jack  Sweeney, 
business  agent  of  New  York;  William  Purcell, 
president,  Essex  D.  C;  Vincent  J.  Murphhy, 
president.  State  Federation;  Richard  O'Dris- 
coll,  president,  Philadelphia  D.  CC;  Leo  P. 
Carlin,    Newark    City    Commissioner. 

(Seated,  left  to  right)  M.  J.  Cantwell,  sec- 
retary. New  Jersey  State  Council;  James  P. 
Patterson,  president,  Local  No.  2212;  Raleigh 
Rajoppi,  General  Representative;  O.  Wm. 
Blaier,  G.  E.  B.  member  and  featured  speaker; 
Walter  Sculthorpe,  dinner  committee  chairman. 


LOCAL  UNION  181  SHOWS  BROTHERHOOD  PICTURES 

Officers  of  Local  181,  of  Chicago,  Illinois,  invited  all  members  to  a  social  gatliering  and 
a  showing  of  the  Brotherhood  film.  About  400  attended  and  after  seeing  tlie  lovely  home 
and  grounds  at  Lakeland,  Florida,  tlie  brothers  exclaimed  they  had  no  idea  it  was  so  spaci- 
ous and  beautiful.  The  men  living  there  are  thankful  that  tliey  can  spend  their  last  years 
in  peace. 

Brother  Asgar  Andrup  gave  a  talk  on  tlie  General  Office  and  tlie  Home  and  also  pleaded 
to  the  members  for  voluntary  contributions  to  defray  the  expenses  of  Labor's  League  for 
Political  Education  and  explained  how  essential  it  is  for  all  union  men  to  defeat  tlie 
Taft-Hartley  Law. 

After  the  showing  of  the  films,  the  brothers  retired  down  stairs  where  tliey  were  served 
refreshments.    A  good  time  was  had  by  all. 


LOCAL  980  GIVES  KIDDIES  XMAS  TREAT 

On  December  16,  Local  980  of  Chicago,  held  a  pre-Christmas  party  mth  two  Christ- 
mas trees  and  presents  for  a  fine  group  of  children,  of  whom  tliere  were  about  65  present. 
Many  ladies,  wives  of  members  and  friends,  were  present.  The  crowd  was  too  large  for 
the  meeting  hall  and  it  was  necessary  to  use  a  larger  hall  upstairs. 


THE    CARPENTER 


Some  fine  entertainment,  music  and  singing,  furnished  mostly  by  members  of  the 
families  of  our  Local  members,  and  including  many  old-time  Christmas  songs,  was  heartily 
enjoyed  by  all.  Plenty-  of  refreshments  were  sen-ed  and  the  whole  affair  was  a  grand  suc- 
cess. Brother  E.  C.  Logerquist  was  chairman  of  the  entertainment  committee,  and  was 
assisted  by  brotliers  Ray  Lear\'  and  Ephraim  Jensen. 

The  officers  of  the  Local  are:  President  Henrj'  Kummers.  Vice-President  Oswald  Larsen, 
Financial  SecN"  John  Wahl.  Recording  Sec'v  Tom  Haves,  Treasurer  Lars  Lindahl. 


LOCAL  No.   999  GR.\DUATES   APPRENTICES 


Left  to  right — Clarence  W.  Pearson  present- 
ing Certificates  of  completion  to  graduating 
apprentices  Lester  Page,  Roy  Shifley,  Glenn 
Duncan,  Ralph  Carlton,  George  Murphv  and 
Carl   White. 

Graduating  apprentice  Eugene  Hampton  also 
received  a  Certificate  but  was  unable  to  at- 
tend the  ceremony  due  to  the  fact  that  he  had 
Joined  the  Navy  as  a  Carpenter  and  reported 
for  active  duty  several  weeks  prior  to  the 
ceremony. 

R.  C.   Hampton,   Walter  Jones   and  A.    C. 
apprenticeship  committee. 


\\'inding  up  four  years  of  work  and  study, 
seven  young  men  of  Mt.  \"emon,  Illinois,  re- 
cently received  their  joume>"men  certificates 
amid  appropriate  ceremonies.  At  a  banquet 
held  at  the  L.  and  N.  Cafe,  a  large  ntmiber 
of  members  of  Local  Union  999  and  friends 
and  guests  saw  tlie  young  men  receive  their 
certificates  of  proficiency  and  welcomed  them 
into  the  indtistr}'  as  qualified  joume>"n:ien. 

Local  Union  No.  999,  with  the  coopera- 
tion of  local  contractors,  undertook  to  estab- 
lish a  forward  looking  apprenticesliip  program 
back  in  1946,  It  took  a  good  deal  of  time 
and  effort,  but  the  program  was  inaugurated 
and  the  ]0ume>"men  who  received  their  cer- 
tificates at  the  banquet  on  December  22nd 
were  the  first  fruits  borne  by  the  program. 
Keele   are   union   representatives    on  the    joint 


ATCHISON  HONORS  APPRENTICESHIP  GIL\DUATES 

On  the  night  of  February"  6th,  four  years  of  study  and  obser\"ation  paid  off  for  three 
young  men  of  Atchison,  Kansas,  for  on  that  evening  they  were  handed  Uriited  Brotherhood 
jo\ime>TOen  certificates  at  impressive  ceremonies.  The  three  were  A\'.  E.  Langan,  G.  L. 
Gerardy  and  H.  B.  Gillen.  Three  other  young  mn— W.  W.  Wilson,  H.  W.  Heintzelman  and 
\V.  Hundley  were  also  eHgible  to  receive  certificates  but  were  not  present.  Jo>-  C.  Orr, 
president  of  Local  Union  No.  1980,  made  the  presentations  to  the  young  men  who  success- 
fully completed  their  apprenticeship  coiurses.  On  hand  were  a  number  of  in%ited  guests 
including  A.  L.  Mathewson,  St.  Joe,  apprenticeship  representative  of  the  Department  of 
Labor,  and  several  local  contractors.  .After  the  meeting  a  fine  luncheon  was  sen"ed  at 
Fedderson's  \^"ith  tlie  Local  Union  acting  as  host. 


MONTRE.\L  LOCAL  PAYS  TRIBUTE  TO  A  GREAT  MEMBER 

On  January  12th,  last,  a  delegation  of  officers  of  Local  134,  accompanied  by  General 
Executive  Board  Member,  .Arthur  Martel,  General  Representative  E.  Larose  and  Montreal 
District  Council  Secretan.",  L.  Francoeur,  waited  upon  Brother  Edmond  Berthiaume,  mem- 
ber in  good  standing  of  Local  lo4  of  Montreal. 

The  purpose  of  their  \"isit  was  to  honor  Brotlier  Bertl"iiaume  and  present  him  \^ith  a 
fift>--year  golden  jubilee  button  in  recognition  of  his  fift>-  years  of  continuous  membership 
in  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  .America. 

The  records  show  that  Brother  Edmond  Berthiaume  joined  the  Brotherhood  on  Decem- 
ber 19th,  1899.  From  the  ver\'  beginning  Brother  Berthiaume  took  an  exceptionally  active 
part  in  the  affairs  of  tlie  Brotherhood.  He  was  a  %"igorous  and  outspoken  exponent  of  the 
principles,  aims  and  aspirations  our  movement  stands  for. 

In  1902  he  was  elected  first  business  agent  of  local  134.  From  that  time  on  Brother 
Berthiaimie  occupied  e\"erv-  position  of  trust  and  honor  that  could  be  conferred  upon  him 
by  the  carpenters  of   Montreal. 

The  delegation,  in  presenting  him  with  the  50-year  membership  button,  conveyed  to 
him  the  congratulations  and  good  wishes  of  the  Brotherhood  and  as  a  token  of  appreciation 
presented  him  with  a  purse  as  a  memento  of  the  occasion. 


THE    CARPENTER  33 

MARINETTE  HONORS  TWO  GREAT  OLD  TIMERS 

At  a  January  meeting,  two  charter  members  of  Local  Union  No.  1246,  Marinette 
^^'isconsin,  were  honored  for  their  more  than  forty-se\-en  years  of  continuous  participation 
and  leadership  in  tlie  union  tliey  helped  so  much  to  build. 

Following  the  local's  business  meeting,  Christ  Christensen  and  Otto  Carlson  were  pre- 
sented with  gold  wrist  watches  by  President  Cleveland  Jensen.  The  pioneer  union  men 
were  also  guests  of  honor  at  a  party. 

Christensen,  who  is  83  years  old,  was  initiated  into  tlie  union  August  20,  1902.  He  has 
served  as  president  and  secretary  of  the  local  and  has  been  a  member  in  good  standing 
continuously  since  his  initiation. 


Pictured  above  at  the  party  honoring  the  two  great  old  timers  of  Local  Union  No.  1246 
are  (standing,  left  to  right):  Wm.  Rogendroff,  Conductor;  Chas.  Fifarek,  Treasurer;  Adolph 
Anderson,  Trustee;  L.  P.  Miller,  Recording  Secretary;  P.  Stalasen,  Trustee. 

(Second  row):  Cleveland  Jensen,  President;  Wm.  Haines,  Vice-President;  J.  Schultz, 
Trustee;  M.  Rouse,  Financial  Secretary,  and  Clarence  Carlson,  Warden.  Seated  are  Christ 
Christensen  and  Otto  Carlson,  honored  guests. 

Carlson  is  67  years  old  and  was  initiated  into  the  union  September  18,  1902.  He  has 
sened  three  terms  as  president  of  the  local  and  as  trustee  for  12  years.  Also  a  member  in 
good  standing  for  48  years,  Carlson  still  takes  an  active  part  in  union  affairs. 

Both  old  timers  made  short  speeches  recalling  the  old  days  when  organized  labor  had 
to  battle  for  every  inch  of  progress  it  made.  Brother  Carlson  led  the  group  in  prayer, 
and  botli  old  timers  sincerelv  tlianked  the  union  for  the  honors  accorded  them. 


LOCAL  465  CELEBRATES  50TH  MILESTONE 

Away  back  in  1900  a  small  group  of  determined  carpenters  in  the  vicinity  of  Ardmore, 
Pennsylvania,  a  Philadelphia  subiurb,  decided  that  the  only  effective  way  of  fighting  the 
miserable  wages  and  working  conditions  that  prevailed  at  tlie  time  was  to  organize  a  union. 
They  held  a  meeting  and  in  a  short  time  they  received  charter  No.  465  from  the  United 
Brotherhood.  On  the  night  of  January  5th  of  this  year,  a  large  throng  of  members  of 
Local  Union  No.  465,  in  the  company  of  their  famihes  and  friends,  gatliered  togetlier  at 
JMcCallisters  to  commemorate  tlie  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  issuing  of  that  charter. 

It  was  a  great  evening.  A  fine  turkey  dinner  with  all  the  trimmings  put  e^'er>•body  in 
a  good  humor.  A  number  of  really  fine  vaudeville  acts  added  to  the  enjoyment  of  tlie 
occasion.  And  the  three  featured  speakers— James  J.  McDevitt,  president,  Pennsylvania 
Federation;  O.  Wm.  Blaier,  G.  E.  B.  member,  and  Lewis  G.  Hines,  national  AFL  legisla- 
tive representative,  completed  the  e\ening  by  not  only  congratulating  tlie  union  on  its  fine 
record  of  progress  but  also  by  outlining  the  better  world  tliat  lies  ahead  if  tlie  working 
people  of  the  nation  adliere  to  the  time-honored  principles  first  laid  down  by  Sam  Gompers. 
Thomas  Keenan,  president  of  tlie  union,  acted  as  toastmaster. 

Local  Union  No.  465  boasts  of  some  fifty  members  witli  records  of  continuous  member- 
sliip  of  thirty  years  or  more;  at  least  fi%'e  of  tlieni  dating  clear  back  to  1900.  All  who 
attended  the  celebration  departed  convinced  tliat  Local  Union  No.  465  is  destined  to  pro- 
vide many  more  years  of  service  to  the  carpenters  of  the  area. 


FORT  MYERS  AUXILIARY  AIMS  HIGH 

Greetings  to  all  sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  559,  Fort  Myers,  Florida. 

We  organized  and  received  our  charter  November  18,  1949.  At  this  time  we  have 
tvi^enty  active  members. 

Our  roster  of  officers  is  as  foUov^^s:  President,  Mrs.  M.  W.  Brovi^n;  Vice  President,  Mrs. 
E.  E.  Waldron;  Financial  Secretary,  Recording  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Mrs.  R.  O. 
Burchard;  Conductor  and  Warden,  Mrs.  Alfred  Nutgrass;  Trustees,  Mrs.  G.  H.  Sheffield, 
Mrs.  F.  E.  Baumgardt,  and  Miss  Jo  Sherry  Baumgardt. 

Our  regular  meetings  are  held  on  the  second  and  fourth  Friday  of  each  month  in  the 
hall  of  Carpenters'  Local  2261. 

On  December  23,  we  entertained  tlie  Carpenters'  Local  with  a  Christmas  Party  at  the 
home  of  our  president,  Mrs.  Brown.  We  were  entertained  by  an  impromptu  program  of 
songs  and  dances  by  our  children.  Carols  were  sung  by  all.  Refreshments  of  coke  and 
coffee  or  punch  were  served  with  gifts  and  candy  for  the  children.  We  had  a  wonderful 
time. 

As  we  enter  into  the  New  Year,  we  have  hopes  of  increasing  ovir  membership  in  a 
substantial  way,  and  accomplishing  much  in  a  social  way  to  establish  a  feeling  of  unity 
and  good  will  within  our  Auxiliary  and  Local.  We  would  be  glad  to  hear  from  other 
Auxiliaries  at  any  time. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  R.  O.  Biurchard,  Secretary. 


BEATRICE  AUXILIARY  BUILDS  GOOD  WILL 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  from  Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  531  of  Beatrice,  Nebraska. 

We^had  a  nice  Christmas  party  on  December  20  in  our  Union  Hall.  The  committee 
prepared  a  delicious  dinner  which  was  served  cafeteria  style.  The  tables  were  prettily  dec- 
orated with  red  candles,  pine  cones,  Christmas  bells  and  greenery.  A  small  lighted  tree  was 
set  up  near  the  gift  table  with  gifts  for  all  and  treats  for  the  children.  The  party  was  a  big 
success  and  we  feel  tliese  social  gatherings  promote  friendship  and  goodwill. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  K.  D.  Ulrich,  Recording  Secretary 


It 


of 


CHICAGO  AUXILL\RY  ROUNDS  OUT  SECOND  DECADE 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  249,  of  Chicago,  111. 

On  March  4,  1950,  our  brothers  of  Local  504  will  celebrate  their  50th  anniversary. 
will  also  be  the  20th  anniversary  of  our  Auxiliary. 

We  are  very  proud  of  die  fact  that  we   are  the   only  Auxiliary  in  our  great  city 
Chicago. 

We  were  organized  at  tlie  height  of  the  depression.  At  that  time,  we  devoted  ourselves 
to  work  and  we  helped  Local  504  raise  funds.  When  times  were  better,  we  contributed  to 
all  important  drives  such  as  the  Community  Chest,  Red  Cross,  March  of  Dimes  and  many 
other  worthy  causes. 

We  have  socials,  some  of  which  are  combined  with  Local  504. 

Our  members  are  very  friendly  and  we  are  like  one  great  big  family. 

We  would  enjoy  hearing  from  other  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally, 
Frieda  Greenfield,  Past  President,  Publicity  Chairman 


THECARPENTER  35 

WILLOWS  LADIES  WINDING  UP  ACTIVE  YEAR 

The  Editor: 

Hello  to  all  our  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  537,  \\'illo\vs,  Calif. 

We  are  just  a  small  group,  not  yet  a  year  old,  but  we  are  planning  for  more  members 
as  time  goes  by. 

We  meet  the  first  and  third  Tuesday  of  each  month,  serving  refreshments  once  each 
month. 

In  September,  we  had  a  picnic;  in  No\'ember  we  lield  a  Thanksgiving  dinner  that  was 
well  attended  by  the  carpenters,  their  wives  and  children.  At  Christmas,  we  had  refresh- 
ments and  an  exchange  of  gifts. 

We  have  earned  money  from  selling  chances,  holding  white  elephant  auctions  and 
grab  bags.  We  plan  now  to  make  dish  towels  to  be  auctioned  off  and  plan  later  on  making 
a  few  quilts. 

We  would  like  to  hear  from  otlier  sister  Auxiliaries  to  exchange  letters  and  ideas. 

Fraternall>\ 

Ina    Cossins,   Recording    Secretary 


SAN  JOSE  AUXILL\RY  COMPLETING  20TH  YEAR 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  244  of  San  Jose,  Calif. 

We  are  42  in  membership  and  in  June  we  will  celebrate  our  21st  Anniversary. 

On  the  second  Tuesday  of  each  month,  we  meet  in  the  Labor  Temple.  Refreshments 
are  sened  after  the  business  meeting. 

To  increase  our  treasury,  we  have  a  card  party  once  a  month.  All  members  who  attend 
have  a  wonderful  time. 

^^'e  have  an  annual  picnic,  usually  in  July  or  August,  and  tliroughout  tlie  year,  pot  luck 
dinners  and  a  dance. 

In  September,  1949.  we  went  to  Santa  Cruz  and  installed  the  officers  of  new  Auxiliary 
No.  532.  Brother  Neilsen,  President  of  Local  No.  829,  Santa  Cruz,  had  already  organized 
the  group  and  had  worked  \-er>'  hard  getting  it  started  so  our  work  was  easy.  All  of  us 
who  went  to  Santa  Cruz  \^"ill  long  remember  the  genial  hospitality  extended  vs  by  Brother 
Neilsen  and  the  Auxiliary. 

We  enjoyed  another  such  occasion  recenth-  when  we  went  to  Mountain  View  and 
helped  another  new  AuxiUars',  No.  554,  get  started. 

We  read  "The  Carpenter"  and  enjoy  it  ver>'  much  as  it  helps  us  keep  up  to  date  on 
what  otlier  Auxiliaries  are  doing. 

Fraternally, 

Patricia  M.  Gale,  Recording  Secretar>' 
• 

TEX.\S  CITY  AUXILL\RY  OFF  TO  GOOD  START 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  from  Auxiliary  No.  558  of  Texas  City,  Texas. 

We  organized  October  25,  1949.  We  have  28  members  and  we  in\-ite  all  wnves,  mothers, 
sisters  and  daughters  of  Carpenters'  Local  973  to  join  us  as  members. 

The  first  Monday  night  of  the  month  is  our  regular  business  meeting  and  tlie  tliird 
Monday  night  is  our  social  meeting.  At  tlie  present  time,  we  are  meeting  in  the  Carpenters' 
Hall.  The  men  of  Local  973  are  planning  in  tlie  near  future  to  remodel  tlie  extra  half  of 
their  building  for  oiu"  meeting  place  which  we  appreciate  ver>'  much. 

Officers  installed  were:  President,  Mrs.  G.  L.  Strong;  \'ice-President,  Mrs.  E.  R. 
Hardman;  Recording  Secretary-,  Mrs.  C.  E.  Hughes;  Financial  Secretar>-,  Mrs.  R.  L.  Scott; 
Conductor,  Mrs.  C.  L.  Crawford;  Warden,  Mrs.  J.  D.  White;  Trustees,  Mrs.  H.  E.  ^^'ood- 
house,  Mrs.  P.  L.  Bottoms  and  Mrs.  L.  L.  Lanciiault;  Reporter,  Mrs.  A.  T.  Ralm. 

^\'e  want  to  say  "Thanks"  to  Mrs.  O.  S.  Howe  of  AuxiUary  No.  413,  Gaheston;  Mrs. 
Joe  \Mniams  of  Auxiliary-  No.  8,  Houston,  and  Miss  Alma  Lee  Griffin  of  Auxiliarv'  No.  511, 
Austin,  for  tlie  wonderful  help  tliey  have  been  to  us  in  organizing  tliis  AuxiHan.'. 

We'd  like  to  see  this  letter  in  "The  Carpenter"  and  also  hear  from  otlier  Sister  Aux- 
iliaries, 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  C.  E.  Hughes,  Recording  Secretary 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 
LESSON  258 
The  Use  of  Diagram,  Practical.— In  fram- 
ing any  irregular  roof,  the  use  of  a  diagram 
is  recommended.  Such  a  diagram  should 
be  drawn  to  some  convenient  scale.  Per- 
haps the  most  practical  scale  is  the  one  in 


Fig.  1 

these  lessons,  in  which  1  inch  on  the  square 
equals  1  foot  in  the  diagram.  But  it  should 
not  be  presumed  that  this  is  the  only  prac- 
tical scale  that  can  be  used.  If  the  roof  is 
rather  large,  then  a  smaller  scale  is  more 
convenient,  and  for  that  reason  more  prac- 
tical. If  the  roof  is  small  a  conventient 
larger  scale  might  prove  to  be  more  prac- 
tical than  the   one   suggested  here. 


Fig.  2 

Rule  For  Framing  Hips,  VaUeys,  and 
Jacks.— If  tlie  use  of  the  tangent  is  clearly 
understood,   as  it  is  used  in  roof  framing, 


then  any  hip   roof,  regular,  irregular  plan, 
and  irregular  pitch,  can  be  framed  by  the 


and „ , 

following  rule: 

The    diagonal    distance    of    the    two   full 
rims  that  intersect  at  the  hip  or  valley,  is 


Fig.  3 

the  run  of  the  hip  or  valley,  whichever  it 
might  be.  The  edge  bevel  of  any  hip, 
valley,  or  jack  is  obtained  by  taking  the  tan- 
gent on  one  arm  of  the  square,  and  the 
rafter  length  on  the  other,  the  latter  giving 
the  bevel.  The  run  and  the  rise  of  any 
rafter  taken  on  the  square,  will  give  the 
level  and  plimib  cuts. 


Fig.  4 

The  VaUey  Run.— Fig.  1  shows  the  square 
apphed  to  a  diagram  of  a  roof,  which  has 
tvvo  irregular  valleys,  for  obtaining  the  run 
of  the  valleys.  Here  the  run  of  the  main 
roof  is  12  feet,  and  the  run  of  the  second- 
ary roof  is  7  feet.  The  diagonal  distance 
of  these  tvvo  runs,  as  shown  on  the  dia- 
gram, is  the  run  of  the  valleys. 


THE    CARPENTER 


37 


H.  H.  SIEGELE'S  BOOKS 

QUICK  CONSTRUCTION.— Covers  hundreds  of  Drac- 
tlcal   building  problems,   has   256   p.    and   686   il.    $2.50 

BUILDING.— Has  220  p.  and  531  11..  covering  form 
building,  garages,  finishing,  stair  building,  etc.     $2.50. 

ROOF  FRAMING.— 175  p.  and  437  il.  Roof  framing 
complete.     Other  problems,   Including  saw  filing.     $2.50. 

CONCRETE  CONSTRUCTION.— Has  159  p.,  426  11., 
covering  concrete  work,  form  building,  screeds,  rein- 
forcing, scaffolding,  other  temporary  construction.   $2.50 

CARPENTRY. — Has  302  p.,  754  il..  covering  general 
house  carpentry,   estimating   and  other  subjects.     $2.50. 

BUILDING  TRADES  DICTIONARY.— Has  380  p., 
670  11..   and  about  7,000  building  trade  terms.     $3.00. 

Tou  can't  go  wrong  if  you  buy  this  whole  set. 

THE    FIRST   LEAVES.— Poetry.   Only  $1.00. 

TWIGS  OF  THOUGHT.— Poetry.  Only  $1.00. 

FREE. — With  3  books,  one  poetry  book  free,  with  5 
books,  two,  and  with  6  books,  three.  (With  less  than  3 
books,  one  of  the  poetry  books  for  only  50  cents.) 

Books   autographed.    Five-day   Money-back    guarantae. 

Postpaid  only  when  full  amount  comes  with  order. 
Order  U  U  CIFAFIF  222 So. Const. St. 
today.  ■■■  ■■■  3»t*aEi*.Ei  Emporia, Kansas 
QUANTITIES— 12  or  more  books  20%  ofT,  f.o.b.  Chicago 


Edge   Bevels   for   Valley  Rafters.— Fig.   2 

shows  the  square  applied  to  the  valley  run 
for  getting  the  points  to  be  used  on  the 
square  for  marking  the  edge  bevel  that  will 
fit  the  ridge  of  the  secondary  roof.  The 
sides  of  the  triangle,  c-d,  d-a,  and  a-c,  rep- 
resent respectively,  the  run,  the  rise,  and 
the  rafter  length  of  the  valley,  shown  as 
if  it  were  lying  on  the  side.  The  dotted 
part-circle  from  a  to  b,  shows  how  the  rafter 
length  has  been  transferred  from  c-a,  to 
c-b.  The  tangent,  as  shown,  is  the  right- 
angle  distance  from  the  toe  of  the  valley 
rafter  to  the  center  of  the  secondary  roof. 
Now  the  tangent  and  the  rafter  length,  as 
shov/n,    will    give    the    edge   bevel    of   the 


ri-i 


Fig.  5 

valley  rafter  that  will  fit  the  ridge  of  the 
secondar>'  roof— the  rafter  length  giving  the 
bevel. 

The  bevel  to  fit  the  ridge  of  the  main 
roof  is  obtained  as  shown  by  the  diagram 
in  Fig.  3.  Here  the  valley  rafter  is  on  the 
side,  as  shown  in  Fig.  2.   The  shaded  bevel 


at  point  a,  is  the  bevel  for  the  plumb  cut 
of  the  valley.  The  rafter  lengtli  has  been 
transferred,  as  explained  in  the  other  dia- 
gram, and  as  shown  here  by  the  dotted 
part-circle,  between  a  and  b.  To  get  the 
edge  bevel,  take  the  tangent  and  the  rafter 
length  on  the  square—  the  latter  will  gi\e 
the  bevel.  As  seen,  the  square  is  not  large 
enough  to  take  the  tangent  and  the  rafter 
length,  so  these  must  be  reduced.  A  good 
way  to  do  tliis  is  shown  by  Fig.  4.  Here 
the   shaded   square   is   pushed   to   the   right 


Fig.  6 

on  the  tangent  until  12  on  the  tongue  comes 
to  the  point  of  the  triangle,  as  shown.  Then 
12  inches  on  the  tongue  represents  the  re- 
duced tangent,  and  the  distance  from  the 
heel  of  the  square  to  point  X  represents 
the  rafter  length.  The  same  results  can  be 
obtained  by  pushing  the  square  up  on  the 
valley    run,    as    shown   by    the    dotted-line 


Fig.  7 

square,  until  12  on  the  tongue  intersects 
the  diagonal  line,  as  shown.  Then  12  on 
the  tongue  and  point  X  on  the  blade  will 
give  the  edge  bevel— the  blade  giving  the 
bevel.  The  rafter  length  and  tlie  tangent 
can  also  be  reduced,  as  mentioned  a  num- 
ber of  times  in  previous  lessons,  by  di\'iding 
both  distances  by  2. 

Edge  Bevels  of  a  Valley.— Fig.  5  shows 
two  applications  of  the  square  for  marking 
the  edge  bevels  for  a  valley  rafter.  Here 
die  application  numbered  2,  is  the  same  as 
the  one  found  in  Fig.  2,  while  tlie  one 
numbered  4,  is  the  same  as  eitlier  of  the 
two  applications  shown  in  Fig.  4.  Study 
the  three  drawings.    The  part  of  tlie  main 


38 


THE    CARPENTER 


drawing,  Fig.  5,  marked  A  and  B,  are  shown 
to  the  right  in  two  parts,  again  marked  A 
and  B.  At  the  bottom  of  A,  the  cut  shows 
what  it  would  be  hke  in  case  the  rafter 
were  a  hip  straddhng  the  corner  of  a  deck, 
while  the  upper  part  of  B  shows  the  cut 
of  a  valley  rafter  that  is  to  fit  into  an  angle 
of  tvvo  ridges,  as  shown  in  Fig.  3.    The  dot- 


Fig.  8 

ted    lines    respectively   indicate    the    comer 
of  a  deck  and  an  angle  of  two  ridges. 

Edge  Bevels  of  Jacks.— Fig.  6  shows  the 
square  in  position  for  obtaining  the  points 
to  be  used  for  marking  the  edge  bevel  of 
the  valley  Jacks  of  the  main  roof.    Here  the 


Fig.  9 


common  rafter  is  shown  as  if  it  were  on 
its  side.  The  rafter  length,  c-a  as  shown 
by  the  dotted  part-circle,  has  been  trans- 
ferred to  c-b.  Now  the  tangent  and  the 
rafter  length  will  give  the  edge  bevel  of 
the  jacks.  The  application  of  the  square 
to  the  rafter  material  is  shown  by  Fig.  7 
—the  blade  giving  the  bevel. 


How  to  get  the  points  for  marking  the 
edge  bevel  of  the  jack  rafters  of  the  second- 
ary roof  is  shown  by  Fig.  8.  Here  again, 
the  rafter  length,  c-a  is  transferred  to  c-b, 
as  indicated  by  the  dotted  part-circle.  Now 
the  tangent  and  the  rafter  length  will  give 
the  edge  bevel— the  rafter  length  giving  the 
bevel.  Fig.  9  shows  the  square  applied  to 
the  rafter  material— the  blade  giving  the 
bevel. 


WANTS  TO  KNOW 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 

A  reader  wants  to  know  how  to  lay  win- 
dow plans,  and  also  the  roofs. 

The  simplest  bay  window  is  the  one  called 


the  octagon  bay  window— that  is  to  say,  the 
angles  are  the  same  as  the  angles  of  a  true 
octagon.    Fig.  1,  at  the  top,  shows  a  plan  of 


'^{{T 


10 


That  extra  length  you've  always  wanted.  ..120  inches  of  accu- 
rate, more  useful  measuring  ease.  Jet  black  markings  on  a 
wear-resistant,  acid-resistant  snow  white  blade.  Carlson  quality 
throughout  with  famous  1  0-second  blade  change  economy  and 
the  new  convenient  swing-tip .  .  .a  real  value  at  YOUR  HARD- 
WARE DEALER.  Just  be  sure  It's  the  White  Chief  by  Cor/son. 
P.S.  And  don't  forget  to  get  an  extra  blade  as  a  "spare." 
Blade  produced  under  Pat.  No.  2089209 

Carlson  Steel  Tape  Rules 


CARLSON  &  SULLIVAN,  INC. 

MONROVIA,  CALIFORNIA       g.y,vn,^.].'» 


UNION 
MADE 


SCREW  HOLDING     SCREWDRIVER 

EASY  to  get  in  hard  places,  no  more  dropping.    AMBER  handle  insulated; 

8"  long,  Vi"  bit;  will  hold  15-lb.  TENSION.  No  prongs  or  clamps.  Simply 

push  in  screw  slot  and  pull  out  to  release.  Guaranteed  for  normal  use. 

SEND  $2.00  POSTPAID 

HENDRIX  TOOL  SPECIALTY 


p.  O.  Box  6846 


Kansas  City,  Mo. 


THE    CARPENTER 


39 


an  octagon  bay  window  with  2x4  plates  in 
place.  The  degrees  of  two  angles  are  shown 
on  the  drawing.  The  butt  joints  are  made 
on  a  45-degree  angle,  or  by  using  12  and 


Fig.  2 

12  on  the  square.  The  miter  joints  are  made 
by  using  12  and  4.97.  Sometimes  12  and  5 
is  used,  which  is  nearly  enough  correct  for 
most  practical  purposes.  The  bottom  draw- 
ing shows  the  roof  plan,  a  sort  of  diagram. 
To  the  right  is  shown  how  to  frame  the 
jack  rafters.  Here  a  rafter  is  shown  on  the 
side,  in  which  A-B  is  the  rafter,  B-C  the 
run,  and  C-A  the  rise.  The  rafter  length 
is  transferred  with  compass  from  B-A  to 
B-D,  as  shown  by  the  dotted  part-circle. 
Now  the  rafter  length  and  the  tangent  taken 


RUS  ■  Rl  V E  RUST  REMOVER 


Every  carpenter  should  carry  a  tube  of 
RUSTRIVE    in    his    tool    box. 

RUSTRIVE  cleans  the  rust  from  any 
Metal  surface.  It  protects  and  prolongs 
■  tlie  life  of  the  Carpenter's  valuable 
tools.  Rustrive  is  a  paste  and  is  not 
injurious  to  skin.  Order  your  tube 
TODAY ! 

$1.00  Per  tube  Post  Paid  in  U.S.A. 

LOMAYNE  CHEMICAL  CO. 


I  Box  242 


WOODSTOCK,   ILL. 


EVERY    CARPENTER    NEEDS     AN 

ACE    KUTTER 

CUTS   —    NOTCHES   —    PUNCHES   all 
sizes  of   Asbestos  Siding   and   Shingles. 
All     Steel— Lightweight— Easy 
to     operate  —  Lasts     a 
lifetime. 

$-4.05   each 

In  lots  of  6  or 
more:  $4.15  each. 
All  prices  f.o.b 
factory,      Ft. 

Worth,     Texas.      

Send  only   $1.00   for   each  Reduced    from    $11.95 

cutter     and     pay     balance        Guaranteed  against  defec- 
C.  O.  D.  or  send  check  or         live    materials    and   work- 
money  order  In  full.  manship. 
Address    all    inquiries    to 
ROA\TLANDS  MPG.  &  SA1.ES  CO. 
712  Broadus  St.                 Ft.  Worth   10,  Texas 


on  the  square,  will  give  the  edge  bevel  that 
fits  against  the  side  of  the  main  building— 
the  rafter  giving  the  bevel.  The  run  and 
the  rise,  of  course,  give  the  pluml^  and 
level  cuts. 

Fig.  2  shows  how  to  get  the  edge  bevel 
for  the  hip  rafter,  which  is  shown  on  the 
side.  Here  B-C  is  the  run,  C-A  the  rise,  and 
A-B  the  rafter.  The  rafter  is  again  trans- 
ferred from  B-A  to  B-D,  as  indicated  by 
tlie  dotted  part-circle.  Now  the  rafter  length 
and  the  tangent  gives  the  edge  bevel-the 
rafter  length  gives  the  bevel. 


Fig.  3 

Fig.  3,  top,  shows  a  plan  of  a  he.xagon  bay 
window,  with  the  2x4  plates  in  place.  The 
degrees  of  two  angles  are  given  on  the 
drawing.  To  mark  both  the  butt  and  the 
miter  joints  use  12  and  6.93.  Sometimes 
12  and  7  is  used  for  rough  work.  The  bot- 
tom drawing  shows  a  plan  of  the  roof,  which 
is  framed  on  the  same  principle  used  for  the 
octagon  roof.  Remember  tliat  in  roof  fram- 
ing problems  it  is  necessary  to  do  reading 
between  the  lines. 


You  Need  an 

EMPIRE  for 

Top-Levef  Craftsmanship! 


EMPIRE  stands  for  extreme  accuracy 
wherever  good  levels  are  used — and 
that's  why  craftsmen  by  the  thousands 
consider  it  their  first  and  only  level. 
When  you  use  Model  151,  illustrated, 
you'll  know  the  advantages  of  inter- 
changeable vials,  accurate  adjustments 
for  pitch  work,  precision  machined 
edges  and  easily  read  marks.  Have 
your  dealer  show  you  Model  151  and 
other  EMPIRE  Levels,  or  write  for 
details. 

IMPIRI       |p^i?Il 

Accuracy 


EMPIRE  LEVEL  MFG.  COMPANY 


Box    97.    Dept.    715. 


Mllwaukea    l3,Wi«. 


The  oMu  6-iiKh  JOINTER 


•  Vs  -inch  Rabbeting  Capacity 
with    *  60  X  8-inch  Table 

•  37 X 4-inch  Tilting,  Swiveling  Fence 


H&A  FIRST 


New  H&A 
HeavY'DutY  6"J0INnR 


'^'^%^  \ 


H  &  A  Waatf  Shaper  \ 


/i-*^ 


H  8i  A  Model  5860  will  do  your  dressing  work  faster  and  better 
than  any  tool  of  its  kind  ever  developed.  Its  60-inch  table  handles 
extra-long  stock  easily..  Its  37-inch  fence  tilts  to  45  degrees  for 
edging,  swivels  to  7  degrees  for  shear  cutting  of  grainy  woods. 
Safer,  too, — with  all  moving  parts  metal  sheathed  and  guard  that 
moves  over  cutter  as  fence  slides  forward.  This  new  H  SC  A 
Jointer  now  performs  operations  which  formerly  required  larger, 
more  expensive  machines. 

Write  at  once  for  literature,  prices  and  name  of  nearest  dealer. 


H  &  A  t4-fitck  Band  Sow 


H  £•  A  94fKb  T.fi«j>g  Arbor  Saw 


HESTON  &  ANDERSON 


607  W.  Kirkwood  Street 
Fairfield,  Iowa 


HOW    TO    CUT    RAFTERS 


(t*s  new  . . .  NOW 

^ew  vest  pocket   books   gives   lengths,    side   cuts,   plumb  | 
;uts,   deductions,   tor  all  ratters  any   building  trom  one 
neli    to    forty    teet    wide.      Gives    numbers    to    cut    on  ^ 
iquare.     All  standard  pitches   from   li"   to   12   up   to   17J  i 
ind  12  rise.    Any  one  can  frame  a  roof  with  this  great 
look.     Just  open  book   to  your  pitch  page  and  there   in 
)lain  print  is  your  lengtlis  cuts  and  deductions  for  any 
litched  roof.    Also  gives  how  to  figure  elevations.     How 
0    figure    lumber.     How    to    lay   out    window    and    door  | 
ipenings.     Written   by  Harry    (Dad)    Bleam   and  It's 
landy.     Price  only  $2.00  each. 


STRINGER  LAYOUTS. 


BOOK      OF 
CENTURY: 


Its  a  simplified  stair  builders  manual;  Its  a  lay  out  book 
or  carpenters  that  want  a  simple  way  to  lay  out  stair  car- 
-iages  and  stringers.  Just  plain  talk  with  illustrations  that 
I  worker  can  understand.  Xo  trigonometry,  obtuse  angles  or 
)ther  high  fluting  talk.  Not  written  for  a  stair  builder,  but 
-ather  for  the  man  who  has  little  time  to  throw  up  a  stair 
•arriage  and  trot  along  with  his  other  work,  simple,  con- 
ise,  and  practical.  THE  BEST  FOR  THE  MONET.  72 
lages,  size  4%  x  6%  inches.  Its  a  dandy  says  everyone  that 
las  It.  Price  $2.00.  This  is  another  of  "Dad  Bleam's 
Jooks." 

CARPENTRY  ESTIMATING 
f  you  are  an  apprentice  estimator  you  will  want  this  man- 
ial  on  carpentry  estimating  by  "Dad  Bleam."  Is  just  the 
.IcCoy  for  the  person  starting  out  to  do  estimating  work, 
lives  costs  in  carpenter  hours.  Gives  simple  and  easy  to 
inderstand  carpentry  mathematics.  Plenty  of  charts  and  a 
well  value,  you  will  like  this  one  if  you  want  to  learn, 
'rice  $2.00  

STEP    BY    STEP    HOUSE    FRAMING    DETAILS 

>tep  by  step  house  framing  details  is  another  of  the 
'Dad  Bleam  manuals."  It's  crammed  full  of  house  fram- 
ng  Illustrations,  from  the  laying  out  of  the  foundation  to 
op  of  roof.     Price   $2.00 

Vrite 

I       BUILDERS'  TOPICS 

512  Market  St.  Seattle   7,   Wa«h. 

lOTICE— ALL  THE  ABOVE  FOUR  MANUALS  WILL 
iE  SENT  TO  ANY  ADDRESS  AT  SPECIAL  PRICE  OF 
4.00   YOU    SAVE   $4.00. 


THE  BEST  CRAFTSMEN  ALWAYS  TAKE  PAINE'S 


PAINE  ''Sudden  Depth" 
DRILL  BITS 


EJECTS  DUST 
AUTOMATICALLY 

• 

REDUCES 
DRILLING  TIME 

• 

PLACE  THE  ANCHOR 
WITHOUT  CLEANING  HOLE 
• 
NO  INCREASE  IN  PRICES 

1  Paine  "Sudden  Depth"  Drill  Bits 

Hth  automatic  dust  ejectors  are  available 
[i  round  shank  styles  from  M"  to  1",  inclu- 
've.  Get  these  new  drills  from  your  sup- 
plier today  or  write  for  full  information. 

THE  PAINE  COMPANY 


167  Carroll  Ave. 


Chicago  12,  ill. 


CARPENTERS 
HANDBOOK 

consists  of  short  but  practical 
rules  for  laying  out  roofs,  ceil- 
ings, hoppers,  stairs  and  arches 
with  tables  of  board  measure, 
length  of  common,  hip,  valley 
and  jack  rafters,  square  meas- 
ure, etc. — also,  rules  for  kerf- 
ing,  laying  off  gambrel  roof  and 
explaining  the  steel  square. 
Money  back  if  not  satisfied 

$1.00  postpaid 

D.  A.  ROGERS 

5344      Clinton       Ave. 
Minneapolis  9.   Minn. 


BUY  A  "LEADER"  CHROME- 
CLAD  STEEL  TAPE  FOR 
HOME-FARM-FACTORY! 

Easy  to  Read  Markings 
That  Are  Durable  ► ' 

Everybody  .  .  .  mechanic,  hobbyist,  or 
plain  man-about-the-house  .  .  .  needs  a 
new  Lufkin  "Leader"  Steel  Tape  for  meas- 
uring where  accuracy  is  essential !  Here's 
why  the  "Leader"  is  a  "best  buy": 

•  Satin  Chrome-Clad  non-glare  finish. 

•  Black    markings   contrast   against  chrome- 
white. 

•  Guaranteed  not  to  crack,  chip,  or  peel. 

•  Steel   tape   line   kink   and   wear   resistant. 

•  Sturdy    steel    case  — handsomely    covered. 

•  Resists  both  rust  and  corrosion. 

SEE  IT  . . .  BUY  IT -THE  LUFKIN  "LEADER"! 

^cof  fUFKIN 

THE  LUFKIN  RULE  CO.  •  TAPES  •  RULES  .  PRECISION  TOOLS 
SAGINAW,  MICHIGAN   •   HEW  YORK  CITY   •    BARRIE,  ONTARIO 


Full  Length  Roof  Framer 

A  pocket  size  book  with  the  EN- 
TIRE length  of  Common-Hip-Valley 
and  Jack  rafters  completely  worked 
out  for  you.  The  flattest  pitch  is  V2 
inch  rise  to  12  inch  run.  Pitches  in- 
crease %  inch  rise  each  time  until 
the  steep  pitch  of  24"  rise  to  12" 
run  is  reached. 

There  are  2400  widths  of  build- 
ings for  each  pitch.  The  smallest 
width  is  1/4  inch  and  they  increase 
1/4"  each  time  until  they  cover  a  50 
foot  building. 

There  are  2400  Commons  and  2400 
Hip,  Valley  &  Jack  lengths  for  each 
pitch.  230,400  rafter  lengths  for  48 
pitches. 

A  hip  roof  is  48'-9i/4"  wide.  Pitch 
is  IVz"  rise  to  12"  run.   You  can  pick 
out  the  length  of  Commons,  Hips  and 
Jacks         jjj  Qj^j,  MINUTE 
Let  us  prove  it,  or  return  your  money. 

Getting  the  lengths  of  rafters  by  the  span  and 
the  method  of  setting  up  the  tables  Is  fully  pro- 
tected by  the  1917  &   1944  Copyrights. 


Price  $2.50  Postpaid.  If  C.  O.  D.  pay  <2.85. 

Californians    Add    8c.    Money   back   privilege. 

Canadians    use    Money    Orders. 


A.  RIECHERS 


p.  O.  Box  405 


Palo   Alto,   Calif. 


y^n^ 


me  U^^Mv 


PATENTS 
APPLIED  FOR 


If  you  want  the  very  last  word  in  performance, 
you'll  get  it  in  Millers  Falls  new  No.  709  Smooth 
and  No.  714  Jack  Planes.  They  ore  loaded  with 
new  features  —  better  balance  . .  ..more  positive 
clamping  . . .  easier  adjustments  . , .  unbreakable 
handles  .  .  .  roomier,  surer  grip  .  .  .  finer  per- 
formance in  every  way.  See  them,  try  them,  buy 
them  at  your  hardware  dealer's  today. 


MILLERS  FALLS 
TOOLS        A 


MILLERS  FALLS 
COMPANY 


GREENFIELD 
MASS. 


Co«*^ 


New     Model     87L 
3"     Capacity 


$7095 


73 


with    shoe 
attachment 


A  Powerful  Heavy  Duty  Sow. 
Weight  only  12  lbs.  Available 
v^ith   Right  or  Left  Blade. 

A  tremendous  value  Tor  the  money.  Cuts  everything 
from  wood  to  steel.  Capacity  on  straight  cuts  11/16" 
to  3";  on  45  degree  bevel  cuts  up  to  I-II/I6  inches. 
Choice  of  right  or  left  blade,  1 15V  or  230V  AC-DC 
motor.  Price  without  bevel  shoe  $66.45.  Other  Mall 
Saws  with  2,  21/4,  2%.  3%,  4'/2-inch  capacities. 
32  Factory  Owned  Service  Stations  from  Coast  to  Coast 
give  quick,  dependable  repair  service.  Over  1000  Port- 
able Gasoline  Engine,  Electric,  and  Pneumatic  Mall 
Power  Tools  for  a  million  jobs.  A  dealer  in  any  town 
can   supply  you. 

See    yoor   Hardware    Dealer   TODAY    or    write 
for   FREE   catalog  "Mall  Portable  Power  Tools." 


MALL  TOOL  COMPANY 

7751  South  Chicago  Ave.  •  Chicago  19,  ILL. 


BRUCE 

Hardwood  Flooring 

BLOCK    •    PLANK    •    STRIP 


New-Butt  Mortise  Plane 

"Made  by  a  Carpenter  for  Carpenter's' 

•  Hang  Doors  Quicker 
and  Better 

•  Uniform  Depth 


Cuts  Clean  and  Even 

•  Also  for  Lock 
Fi-onts,  Striking 
Plates  Etc. 

•  Easy  To  Use 


SIMPLE  TO  OPERATE- HERE'S  HOW 

1.  Use  Chisel  as  Shown  in  Illustration. 

2.  Set  Butt  Mortise  Plane  blade  for  depth  by 
holding  plane  bottom  side  up  and  placing  hinge 
in  front  of  blade. 

3.  Push  Blade  Through  ITntil  Flush  with  Hinge, 
tighten  thumbscrew.  (If  door  has  bevel,  set 
hinge   a   trifle   deeper.) 

4.  Plane  out  remainder  of  wood  in  both  directions 
by  reversing  plane.    Repeat  operation  on  jamb. 

Over  all  Size  95/8"-Blade  13/16" 
Cash    with    Order,    $4.15    Prepaid.      If    C.    0.    D., 
postage  extra. 

WILBERT  DOKMEYER 

Rte.   1,  Box  155,  Crete,   Illinois 


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  own  busi- 
ness and  be  your  own  boss  the  "Tamblyn 
System"  Home  Study  Course  in  Estimating 
will  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  carpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  you  can  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
first  lesson  begins  with  excavations  and  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  you 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidance  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced  to  the  language  you  understand. 
You  will  never  find  a  more  opportune  time 
to  establish  yourself  in   business  than  now. 

Study  the  course  for  ten  days  absolutely 
free.  If  you  decide  you  don't  want  to  keep 
it,  just  return  it.  Otherwise  send  us  $8.75 
and  pay  the  balance  of  $30.00  at  $7.50  per 
month,  making  a  total  of  $38.75  for  the  com- 
plete course.  On  request  we  will  send  you 
plans,  specifications,  estimate  sheets,  a  copy 
of  the  Building  Labor  Calculator,  and  com- 
I  plete  instructions.  What  we  say  about  this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to  be  after  you  examine  it  is  the  only  thing 
that  matters.  You  be  the  judge;  your  deci- 
sion is  final. 

Write  your  name  and  address  clearly  Bnd 
give  your  age,  and  trade  experience. 

TAMBLYN   SYSTEM 

1115   So.   Pearl   St.,    C-39,    Denver   10,    Colo. 


ROYAL  EAGLE 


-^A- 


/'/'. 


ONLY  i'^'TAx 

EftGLE  RUIES/      A^ 
HfiVE        *  ^^ 


precision  made  for 
precise  measurement. 
Ex+ra  strong  for  exfra 
wear.  Made  of  fin^sf 
hard  maple 


8IV£TE0 
STRIKE-PiATE  JOINTS 


.^.  MFG.  CORP. 

^^^^^/' NEW  YORK  59.  N.Y. 


JIAKE  MONEY 

f^^  Sharpening  Mowers 


"Paid  For  My  Foley  in  2i  Weeks" 


"I  have  had  my  Foley  Lawn  Mower 
Sharpener  about  2J  weeks  and  have 
made  back  every  cent  I  put  into  it — 
more  too,"  writes  Elmer  W.  Aldrlch. 
"Looks  like  it  is  going  to  be  more  than 
just  a  side  line."  You  can  build  up  a 
steady,  repeat  cash  business  at  home, 
in  your  spare  time.  The  Foley  sharpens 
3  or  4  mowers  an  hour,  (with  handles 
on)  and  your  profit  is  99c  on  the  dol- 
lar. Your  investment  is  only  $98.50  to 
$139.50 — easy  payments  if  desired. 
FREE  BOOK— "How  to  Sharpen  Pow- 
er Mowers"  shows  just  how  to  sharpen 
any  make  of  power  lawn  mower  with 
the  Foley.  Mail  coupon  todaj' — we'll 
a-lso  send  FREE  PLAN  telling  how  to 
start  your  own  business  without  previ- 
ous experience.    No  salesman  will  call. 


Send 
Coupon  Today 


FOLEY  LAWN   MOWER  SHARPENER 


1  Foley  Mfg.  Co.,  301-0  Foley  BIdg.,  Minneapolis  18,  Minn. 
I  Send  FREE  BOOK  "How  to  Sharpen  Power  Mowers," 
I     and  FREE  PLAN  on  lawn  mower  business. 


u 


\AME 

ADDRESS 


Comes  With 
Leatherette  case 


^      HANG  THAT  DOOR 
THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


Makes  a  clean-cut,  deeply-etched  profile  on  door. 
BemoTe  chips.  Repeat  operation  on  jamb.  Hang 
door!  No  adjustments.  No  fussing.  Precision  made. 
Drop-forged,  heat-treated  steel.  Comes  in  3",  3i" 
and  4"    (Std)    sizes. 


ONLY  $1.75  ea. — $3.50  a  pair 
(any  two) — $5.25  complete  set 
of  three.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
send  only  $1.00  -with  order  and 
pay  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  O.  D.  In  Canada,  .25c 
higher  per  order.  No  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    wanted. 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  Dept.  C,  Los  Angeles  16,  Cil. 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 

"Really  a  help  for  the 
'old  hands'  and  almost 
a  'must'  for  the  new 
boys." 

S.    H.    Glover 
Cincinnati,   Ohio 

"The    greatest  help    In 

hanging  doors  I  have 
ever    seen." 

J.    Allen  Charles 

Mullins,  S.   C. 


or 
more 


ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE 

1.  Measures    tread    or    riser 

(above) 

2.  Marks  board  for  perfect  fit 
the  first  time  (right) 

Dealers    and    Agents    Wanfed 


ELIASON  TOOL  COMPAN 


SAVE  A  DAY 

on  Every  Staircase  You  Build 

ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE  in  10  seconds  gives 
you  both  correct  length  and  angle  of  stair 
treads,  risers,  closet  shelves,  etc..  ready  to 
mark  board.  Each  end  piv- 
ots and  locks  at  any  length 
or  angle.  Adjustable  from 
20"  up.  Saves  a  day  or  more, 
increases  your  profits  $20 
or  more  on  each  staircase. 
Fully  guaranteed.  Only 
$12.95  cash  ■with  order,  or 
C.  O.D.  plus  postage.  Order 
Today,  or  send  for  circular. 

2121    E.  56lh   St.,   MINNEAPOLIS    17,   MINN. 


^%*^  DANDEE  REELS 

FOR  ALL  BUILDING  TRADES 


OTHER 

PRODUaS 

\r 

\'.  Plamb«rs'  oad  Tiuers' 
Foniaces...Grta  Torcbes 
...Fsnra  Torches,.,  lazor 
llode  Scrapers 


No.  41  Reel  and  Plumb  Bob.  Use  this  new  tool 
for  a  plumb  line,  mason  line  or  chalk  line.  It 
has  a  spring  bracket  attached  for  the  plumb  bob 
when  it  is  not  in  use.  Anti-backlash,  easy  to 
add  chalk.  Nickle  plated  steel  case  and  chrome 
plated  bob  contains  100  ft.  of  No.  18  yellow 
mason  line. 


No.  44  Chalk  Line  Reel.   50 

ft.  of  line  is  always  chalked 
when  drawn  from  the  reel. 
Made  so  that  the  Hne  cannot 
snarl  or  tangle  within  the 
case.  ChaBc  lasts  a  year  of 
ordinary  use;  can  easily  be 
reordered  and  reloaded. 


No.  44 


tl 


CEDARBERG    MANUFACTURING    CO.,    561    So.    4th    St..    Minneapolis    15. 

Enrlosed   find   $ for  the   following   shipped  pospaid: 

n     No.    41   Beel    (100  Ft.)    @    $2.50         □     No.    44   Reel    (50  Ft.)    @   $1-00 

□     No.   43  Beel    (100  Ft.)    Similar  to  No.   44   @   $1.25 

Red,  \\'hite.  Blue  and  Dark  Blue  Chalk  in  2  oz.  ConUinere  @  15c.    Color: 

Print   Address :   


STAIR  GAGES 

(Angle  Gages) 

The  handiest  little  devices  you  ever 
had  in  your  tool  box.  Easily  carried 
in  the  pocket.  Used  on  square  for 
laying  out  angle  cuts  on  rafters,  stair 
stringers,  etc.  H"  hexagon  brass 
with  plated  steel  screw.  Rust  proof 
and  will  last  a  lifetime.  Order  today! 
VVt.  4  oz.  pr. 
Money  back  if  not  satisfied 

$1.00  Postpaid 

WELLIVER  &  SONS 
P.  O.  Box  278C 
Roekford,  Illinois 


SAVE  TIME!  SAVE  MONEY!  with 

TRIP-HAMMER 

Saw -Set 

FOOT  TREADLE  OPERATED 

•  LIGHT  WEIGHT 

•  TOOL  BOX  SIZE 

•  SETS  UP  EASILT 

•  MONEY  BACK  GUARANTEE 

Set   saws   faster.     NO    CRAMPED    HANDS. 

Every  tooth  set  uniformly.  Handles  5  to  12 
point  hand  saws,  3"  to  10"  circular  saws,  Two  man  cross 
cut  saws. 

Send  Check,   Money  Order  or  Postal  Note. 

ARDEE  TOOL  CO.    r^c®;  ^l^t  station,  ohio 


4/ieH^/Vz  Lighter  than  A// 
tAluminum  ^  '    — 


Unbreakable  Frame  of 
lExtruded  Magnesium  AlloyI 

j  Here's  the  newest — most  sensational  level  ever 
lesigned!  The  new  Scharf  Magnelite  Level  is 
ighter  weight— it's  made  of  Magnesiums-one  of 
he  toughest  yet  lightest  metals  in  existence, 
t's  a  masterpiece  of  accuracy — absolutely  true, 
traight  and  parallel.  Has  large  hand-holda  .... 
asier  to  handle.  Beautifully  designed^grace- 
uUy    streamlined.    Greatest  level   ever  built! 


NEWEST  TYPE  VIAL  UNITS  ARE 
ADJUSTABLE  AND  REPLACEABLE 

Vials  are  cemented  into  die  cast 
Magnesium  holder— held  absolute- 
ly rigid.  Finest  glass  windows. 
Vial  units  attached 
with  sere  ws— easily 
loosened  for  adjustment 
or   replacement. 

Get  Your  Scharf 
Mignelit*  Level  Today! 
If  your  dealer  can't 
supply  you,  order  from 
us  direct,  but  you  must 
send  dealer's  name  and 
address.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed. 

J.  H.  SCHARF  MFG.  CO. 

Dept.    C-3,    Omaha,    Nebr. 


Check 

These    Low 

Prices 

No. 

Size  (Inches) 

Price 

3412-. 

-1x2x12" 

.$3.50 

0618*. 

.1x2x18" 

.  4.50 

,3624- 

-1x2x24" 

.  5.00 

2624- 

-15x21x24".- 

.  5.75 

2628- 

..Ijx2ii28".. 

-  6.75 

2630. 

..Ijx2ix30".- 

.  7.25 

2642, 

-Ijx2ix42".- 

.  9.25 

2648- 

..lJx2Sx48".. 

.10.00 

2072- 

..Iji28l72".. 

.16.50 

'Extruded    Alumi 

num 

Frame   Only 

FREE 

10-DAY  TRIAL 


ENLARGE  YOUR 

SKILL!  ADVANCE! 

EARN  HIGHER  PAY! 

Every     step     of    carpentry     in     and 
around  a  house  is  clearly  explained  and 
illustrated   In   this   big,    useful   book.     Shows 
you   how   to   build   forms    for   foundations,    foot- 
ings, walls,  steps,  walks — How  to  build  sills,  gir- 
der  supporting   posts   and    girders — How   to   figure 
loads  for  house  framing — How  to  lay  out.   cut   and 
erect  floor  joists — How  to  lay  sub-fiooring — How  to 
frame  outside  and  inside  walls,   allowing  for  open- 
ings— How   to   check   the    plumb   of   studs — How   to 
brace   and   sheathe   up  outside  walls — How  to   erect 
celling  joists — How  to  frame  around  a  chimney  and 
stair  well — How  to  lay  out  rafters  for  a  gable  roof, 
dormer  roof,  porch  roof — How  to  sheathe  gable  ends 
and    rafters — How    to    build    cornices — How    to    lay 
shingles — How  to   build  porches   and   bays — -How  to 
apply  siding — How  to  frame  up  inside  walls — How 
to     construct    stairs- — How     to    place    trim     around 
windows    and    doors — How    to   fit    and    hang    sasli — 
How  to  hang  doors — How  to  make  closets,   shelving 
and  built-in  equipment — How  to  lay  finished  wood 
flooring,   linoleum   flooring — How   to   hang   a   set   of 
garage  doors — How   to   insulate. 

OVER  600  ILLUSTRATIONS 

SHOW  YOU  JUST  WHAT  TO  DO 

AND  HOW  TO  DO  IT 

Detail  drawings  and  large 
photographs  show  clearly  how 
to  do  any  house  carpentry 
job.  Full  instructions  guide 
you — step  by  step — from  read- 
ing the  plan  to  making  the 
excavations,  laying  the  foun- 
dations, erecting  the  skeleton, 
and  putting  on  the  exterior 
and  interior  finish.  Here,  in 
one  remarkable  volume.  Is  the 
practical  know-liow  that  can 
help  you  enlarge  your  skill  in 
performing  house  carpentry 
jobs  of  every  desccription.  248 
big  pages,  size  8i  x  Hi,  fully 
indexed    for   easy   reference. 


SEND  NO  MONEY 

Examine  10  Days  Free 

Don't  send  us  a  penny. 
Just  mail  coupon  and 
get  "HOUSE  CAK- 
PENTKY"  for  10 
days  FKEE  trial.  If 
not  delighted,  send 
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NEW   YORK  7,    N.   Y. 

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pentry and  Joinery."  I  will  either  return  it  in  10  days 
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Name  . 
Address 
City  — . 


State I 


THE  CARPENTER'S  HANDY  HELPER 


at 


^kaU  tbe^i 


has  dozens  of  uses  on  every  job! 

For  that  ''FINISHED  TOUCH" 
Plastic  Wood  can  be  used 
for  filling: 

•  Nail  holes 

•  Cracks  due  to  wood 

shrinkage 

•  Countersunk  screws 

•  Old  screw  holes 

•  Loose  dowel  pins 

•  Broken  railings 

•  Split,  cracked  or  splintered 

wood  in  bowling  alleys. 

HANDLES  LIKE  PUTTY... 
HARDENS  INTO  WOOD 

Keep  a  supply  of  PLASTIC  WOOD  SOL- 
VENT on  hand  to  control  the  consistency 
of  PLASTIC  WOOD.  SOLVENT  is  also 
used  for  cleaning  hands  and  tools. 

•  On  sale  at  all  Builders'  Supplies, 

Hardware  and  Paint  Stores 


BUY  THE   1  lb.  CAN 


Boyle-Midwoy  tn€. 
32  Enil  40#>  Sir««> 
N.w  York  1  6.  K.  r 


NOTICE 


The  publishers  of  "The  Carpenter"  reierre  the 
right  to  reject  all  adTcrtislng  matter  which  miy 
be.  In  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters   and  Joiners   of  America. 

All  Contracts  for  advertising  space  In  "The  Car- 
penter," Including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellahle,  are  only  accepted  subject  to  the  above 
reserved   rights   of   the   publisheTs. 


Index  of  Advertisers 

Carpenters'  Tools  and  Accessories 

Page 

The   American    Floor   Surfacing 

Machine   Co.,   Toledo,   Ohio 5 

Ardee  Tool  Co.,  Rocky  River 

Sta.,    Ohio    45 

Arrow   Fastener   Co.    Inc.,   Brook- 
lyn,  N.   Y. 48 

E.  C.  Atkins  &  Co.,  Indianapolis, 

Ind. 4th   Cover 

Burr  Mfg.  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Calif.         41 
Carlson     &     Sullivan,     Inc.,     Mon- 
rovia,    Calif.     38 

Cedarburg  Mfg.  Co.,  Minneapolis, 

Minn.    44 

Cummins  Portable  Tools,  Chicago, 

111 

Deltec,   Inc.,   Youngstown,   Ohio__         47 
Henry    Disston    &    Sons,    Inc., 

Philadelphia,    Pa.    47 

Wilbert    Dohmeyer,    Crete,    111 43 

Eagle  Rule  Mfg.  Corp.,  New  York, 

N.   Y. 43 

Eliason  Tool  Co.,  Minneapolis, 

Minn.    44 

Empire   Level   Mfg.   Co.,   Milwaukee, 

Wis.     39 

E-Z   Mark   Tools,   Los   Angeles, 

Calif. 44 

Foley    Mfg.    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn. 43-48 

Greenlee    Tool    Co.,    Rockford, 

111. 3rd  Cover 

Hendrix    Tool    Specialty,    Kansas 

City,     Mo.     38 

Heston      &      Anderson,      Fairfield, 

Iowa       40 

TTie   Lufkin   Rule    Co.,   Saginaw^, 

Mich.    41 

Mall   Tool   Co.,   Chicago,   111 42 

Millers   Falls    Co.,   Greenfield, 

Mass.    42 

Paine    Co.,    Chicago,   111. 41 

Rowlands    Mfg.    &    Sales    Co.,   Ft. 

Worth,    Texas    39 

J.    H.    Scharf    Mfg.    Co.,    Omaha, 

Nebr.     45 

Skilsaw,    Inc.,    Chicago,   111 1 

Speedcor    Products,  Portland,  Ore.         48 
Stanley  Tools,  New  Britain,  Conn.  3rd  Cover 
Welliver   &   Sons,   Rockford,   111. 45 

Carpentry  Materials 

E.  L.  Bruce   Co.,  Memphis,   Tenn.        42 
Lomayne    Chemical    Co.,    Wood- 
stock,    111.     39 

Nicholas    Wire    &    Aluminum    Co., 

Davenport,   Iowa 

Plastic  Wood,  New  York,  N.  Y._        46' 

Technical  Courses  and  Books 

American   Technical  Society,   Chi- 
cago,   111.    47 

Audel   Publishers,   New  York, 

N.   Y. 3rd  Cover 

Builders    Topics,    Seattle,    Wash._  41 
Chicago    Technical    College,    Chi- 
cago,   111.    3 

A.  Riechers,   Palo   Alto,   Calif 42 

D.  A.  Rogers,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  41 

H.    H.    Siegele,    Emporia,    Kans 37 

Simmons-Boardman   Publishing 

Corp.,   New  York,   N.   Y 45 

Tamblyn    System,    Denver,   Colo 43 


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Name     

Address     

City   State   

Attach  letter  stating  age,  occupation,  employer's  name  and 
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YOUR  skill 
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Skilled  Disston  veterans  put  Disston  Saws  through  scores  of  tests 

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The  economy  that  comes  from  quahty  has  made  Disston 

the  saw  most  carpenters  use. 

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DRILL  GRINDER 
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Sharpens  3  '32"  to  I'i"  drills  with 
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SPEED   HANDLE 
Holds  files,  ra2or  blades,  taps,  drills, 
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SPEED     SAW     CLAMP 
Grips    full    length    of    hand    saws — 30    inches. 
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STAPLE— to  save  time- 
speed  up  production 


T-32  Gun  Tacker 

A  many  purpose  tool  replacing  hammer  and  tacks 
at  trigger  rate  speed.  Shoots  a  staple  wherever  a 
tack  can  be  driven.  Ideal  for  Carpenters,  Display- 
men,  Insulators,  Upholsterers,  etc.  Special  screen  and 
window  shade  attachments.  Same  machine  takes  o 
3/16",  V4"  and  5/16"  staple.  Loads  150  staples. 
S8.50.     Rustproof    "Monel"    staples    available. 

P-22   Hand  Stapler 

"Reaches  into  hard-to- 
get-at  places."  Ideal 
For  tagging,  labeling, 
wrappings,  sealing 
bags,  containers  and 
boxes.  Same  machine 
takes  Va"  and  5  16" 
S6.00. 

Slightly  higher  in  the   West  and   Canada. 
Buy  from  your  /ocaJ  Dealer  or  order  dirett—Dept.  C 


staples,     toads    150    staples. 


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Lgf  the  ri<il>f 'feed 
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. . .  then  you'll  certainly  like  to  work 
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Perfectly  balanced  .  .  .  handsome, 
transparent  green  plastic  handles  . . . 
fine  bevel-edged  GREENLEE  blades,  so 
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AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

4vois.*6 

InsideTrade  Information 

for  Carpenters,  Builders,  Join- 
ers, Building  Mechanics  and  all 
Woodworkers.  These  Guides 
give  you  the  short-cut  instruc- 
tions that  you  want— inciudinar 
Dew  methods,  ideas,  solutions, 
plans,  systems  and  money  sav- 
ing suggestions.  An  easy  pro- 
gressive course  for  the  appren- 
tice and  student.  A  practical 
daily  helper  and  Quick  Refer- 
ence for  the  master  worker. 
Carpentera  everywhere  are  us- 
ing these  Guides  as  a  Helping 
Hand  to  Easier  Work,  Better 
Work  and  Better  Pay.  To  get 
this  assistance  for  yourself, 
_  Bimply  fill  inand 

Inside  Trade  Information  On:        mail  peek  coupon  beiow. 

How  to  iise  the  steel  square — ^How  to  file  and 

set  saws — How  to  build  furniture — How  to  use 

a  mitre  box — How  to  use  tlie  chalk  line — How 

to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 

Carpenters   arithmetic — Solving   mensuration 

problems — Estimating  strength  of  timbers — ■ 

How  to  set  girders  and  sills — How  to  frame 

houses  and  roofs — How  to  estimate  costs — How 

to  build  houses,  barns,  garages,  bungalows,  etc. 

— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 

specifications — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 

settings  12  13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 

to  build  hoists  and  scaffolds — skyUghts — How 

to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  Interior  trim —    . 

How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors — How  to  paint. 


AUDEL,  Publishers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  York  10,  N.  Y. 

Mail  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  °".^ ^^\f' JilT? 
trial.  If  OK  I  will  remit  $1  In  7  days  and  $1  monthly  until  $6  is  paid. 
—Otherwise  I  will  return  them.  No  obligation  unless  I  am  satisned. 


Occupation- 


Employed  by- 


CAR 


ATKINS 

makes 


SAWS 


When  it  comes  to  sows,  a  carpen- 
ter owes  himself  the  best!  So  it's 
important  to  remember  when 
selecting  saws— for  any  purpose., 
that  "Silver  Sfeel"  Sows  — devel- 
oped, perfected  and  manufactured 
only  by  Atkins— are  made  of  the 
finest,  toughest,  longest-lasting 
steel  ever  alloyed  for  sawing 
operations.  They  ore  backed  by 
93  years  of  continuous  research 
and  scientific  advancement!  Tell 
your  hardware  dealer  you  wont 
Atkins  "Silver  Steel"  Saws. 


E.  C.  ATKINS  AND  COMPANY 

402  South  Illinois  StrMt 
Indlonopolit  9,  Indiana 


.OF    Alt    flNE    SAWS-THE    FINEST   ARE    'SILVER    STEEL"    SAWS 


fHE 


MPENTER 


FOUNDED    1881 

Official  Publication   of  ttie 
UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS  of  AMERICA 

APRIL,     1950 


REGISIERED 


IF  NOT, 

WHY  NOT? 


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SAVE  SANDING  TIME  WITH 


MANY  USES 

From  Roughing 
to  Final  Finish  on 

ir  WOOD 

i    ^  METAL 

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ic  STONE 

if  COMPOSITION 
BOARD 


This  American  Portable  BeJt  Sander  will  save 
time  and  eliminate  tedious  hand  sanding  and  plan- 
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touch  up  sanding,  roughing  or  final  finish  ...  on 
wood,  metal,  marble,  composition  board  or 
stone.  Two  models — with  and  without  dust 
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Send  coupon  for  free  details. 


MAKE  BIG  MONEY 


SANDING  FLOORS 


•  Be  a  floor  surfacing 
contractor  and  sand 
both  new  and  old 
floors.  Sanders  are 
easy  to  operate  and 
better  still,  you  are 
your  own  boss.  Write 
for  latest  "tell-all" 
booklet  entitled 
'Opportunities  in 
Floor  Surfacing", 
enclosing  25 
cents  in  coin  or 
stamps  to  cover 
handling. 


A 


ERICAN 

PORTABLE  SANDERS 


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THE  AMERICAN  FLOOR  SURFACING  MACHINE  CO. 
520  So.  St.  Clair  St.,  Toledo  3,  Ohio 

Please  send  descriptive  literature  and  prices 
on  American  Belt  Sander — no  obligation. 

Name 

Street 

City 


.State. 


Jt% 


imeriea^s  Top  Building  Team... 

You  and 

Celotex! 

'he  unsurpassed  "know-how"  of  expert  all  the  advantages  of  those  manufactured 
inion  carpenters  like  you.  Plus  the  top-  by  Celotex.  For  no  others  are  made  of 
uality  building  materials  made  by  Celo-  long,  remarkably  strong  Louisiana  cane 
ex,  Greatest  Name  In  Insulation.  There's  fibres.  And  no  others  are  protected  by  the 
.  team  that  can't  be  beat  — a  combination  exclusive  Ferox*  Process  against  dry  rot, 
hat  adds  up  to  buildings  of  enduring  qual-  fungus  and  termites.  That's  ^vhy  it  pays  to 
ty,  beauty  and  serviceability !  build  with  genuine  Celotex  Building  Prod- 
No  other  insulation  products  give  you  nets  — always! 

You  build  or  remodel  better  with 
lenuine  CELOTEX  BUILDING  PRODUCTS 

J.  Celotex  Double -Waterproofed  Insulating  Sheathing  takes  the  place 
of  ordinary  sheathing,  and  forms  the  protective  layer  between  framing  and  wall 
exterior.  Provides  necessary  insulation,  structural  strength  and  moisture-proofed 
sheathing— at  one  low  cost!  Quicker,  easier  to  apply  tlian  ordinary  sheathing. 

^  Celotex  Insulating  Lath  forms  a  rigid  inside  wall  of  insulation,  providing  ,; 

a  strong,  solid,  continuous  plaster  base  that  reduces  danger  of  plaster  cracking.  I 

Easy  to  handle  and  apply.  t 

O  Celotex  Building  Board  lets  you  build  attractive  walls,  ceilings  and  parti-  | 

tions  quickly  and  at  low  cost.  Comes  in  big,  rigid,  lightweight  sheets  that  are  ^ 

easy  to  apply.  Readily  sawed,  cut,  grooved  or  beveled.  <i| 

4  Celotex   Insulating   Interior   Finishes    for   fast,    thrifty   remodeling   or  ""? 

building.  Build,  insulate  and  decorate,  all  at  one  low  cost.  Produce  walls  and  5 

ceilings  of  unusual  beauty.  Variety  of  exclusive  new  blends  and  textures  in  Tile  i^ 

Board,  Building  Board  and  Finish  Plank.  ^ 

^  ^^ 

O  Celo-Rok*  Gypsum  Wallboards  build  strong,  economical  walls,  ceilings         ^ 

and  partitions.  Quickly  applied  directly  to  framing.  Take  paint  or  wallpaper         ^ 

beautifully.  1 


REG.  U.S.  PAT.  OFF. 


Build  With  Genuine   ^^EILOTTE^C  Building  Products 

THE     CELOTEX     CORPORATION      •      CHICAGO     3,    ILLINOIS 


Trade   Mark  Reg-  March,   1913 


A  Monthly  Journal,  Owned   and  Published   by  the   United   Brotherhood   of   Carpenters   and    Joiners 
of  America,  for  all  its  Members  of  all  its  Branches. 

PETER  E.  TERZICK,  Editor 

Carpenters'  Building,  222  E.  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis  4,  Indiana 


Established  in  1881 
Vol.  LXX— No.  4 


INDIANAPOLIS,  APRIL,  1950 


One   Dollar  Per   Year 
Ten  Cents  a  Copy 


Contents  — 


The  Weak  Get  Kicked 7 

Using  the  excuse  that  organized  labor  is  a  "monopoly"  the  anti-labor  forces  in  Con- 
gress are  pushing  two  bills,  either  of  which  would  cripple  unions  so  effectively  that  their 
usefulness  would  be  all  but  eliminated.  In  the  meantime  actual  business  monopolies 
which  restrict  competition,  Inflate  prices  and  limit  production  go  merrily  on  their  way 
unhampered  by  the  anti-trust  laws  which  were  passed  for  the  express  purpose  of  stop' 
ping  such  practices. 


Gompers'  Birthday  Celebrated 


10 

The  General  Executive  Board,  in  conjunction  with  representatives  from  nearly  all 
local  -unions  in  Florida,  pays  tribute  to  the  memory  of  labor's  Great  Statesman  whose 
influence  still  permeates  much  of  the  social  and  political  thinking  of  American  Labor. 


Everybody  Benefits 


13 

A  survey  by  the  AFL  statistical  department  shows  that  in  ten  industries  surveyed, 
union  workers  get  from  twenty  to  thirty  per  cent  higher  wages  than  non-union  workers 
in  the  same  industry.  Despite  these  higher  wages,  union  plants  are  more  than  able  to 
compete  with  non-union  plants  because  of  the  superiority  of  union  labor. 


Convention  Call 


15 


Pursuant  to  the  General  Laws  of  the  United  Brotherhood  the  call  for  the  Twenty-sixth 
General  Convention  has  been  issued  in  the  established  manner. 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 
Plane    Gossip 
The   Locker 
Official 
Editorials 
In  Memoriam 
Correspondence 
To  The  Ladies 
Craft  Problems 


16 
18 
19 
24 
32 
34 
38 
39 


Index  to  Advertisers 


46 


Entered  July   22,    1915,   at   INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second   class   mail   matter,    under   Act  of 

Congress,  Aug.  24,  1912.    Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for 

in   Section   1103,   act  of   October   3,    1917,   authorized  on   July    8,    191S. 


CARPENTERS 


BUILDERS  and  APPRENTICES 


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CHICAGO    TECHNICAL    COLLEGE 

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t 


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Name Age. 

Address Occupation 

City :_^^^__^ Zone     State 


^My//^ec0m/fce(/s^ 


It  is  the  best  glue  for  all  fine  wood- 
work. It  makes  joints  so  strong  they 
cannot  be  opened  without  wood  fail- 
ure, yet  so  thin  you  cannot  see  them 
when  grain  is  matched.  Long  lasting, 
hide  glue  was  used  in  museum  pieces 
centuries  old.  This  hide  glue  is  the 
easiest  to  use,  yet  the  best  glue  for 
all  fine   craftsmen. 


It's  genuine  HIDE  glue  ....  strongest  known  ^ 

That's  the  secret  of  Franklin  popularity.  Once  \ 
a  craftsman  realizes  that  this  is  the  same  glue  i 
OS  he  has  used,  but  without  any  of  the  trouble 
of  heating,  mixing,  etc.,  it's  the  only  glue  for 
him  from  then  on. 

No  mixing  or  heating  ....  ready-to-use 

That  means  no  danger  of  chilled  joints, 
no   waste,   uniform   from   first  drop 
and  ^••iQry  drop  works. 

Economical — no  waste 

Actually  costs  less  than  any  or-  ' 
dinary    glue    because   it   ! 
spreads  so  thin  and  goes 
farther. 


SIX  SIZES 


No  odor— no  muss 


Available  in  tubes,  15c;  ideal  for  a 
trial;  quarter  pints,  45c;  half  pints, 
7Sc;  pints,  $1.25;  quarts,  $2.25;  and 
gallons,  $6.00  at  most  good  hardware 
Stores.  If  your  dealer  cannot  supply  you 

SEND   THIS   COUPON 

Send  20c  for  the  large  tube  (15c  plus 
5c   for  postage   and 
wrapping).  ^s:^ 


Unbelievably  pleasant 
to  use.    A  favorite 
in   furniture   fac- 
tories, schools 
and    with 
carpenters. 


AT  All 
HARDWARE 
STORES 


RIGHTFULLY,  THESE  JOBS 
BELONG  TO  YOU! 


Look  up!  Look  at  the  cracked  ceil- 
igs  in  your  community!  See  for  your- 
3lf  what  independent  surveys  show! 

Two  out  of  every  three  homes  have  one 
r  more  rooms  with  cracked  ceilings  in 
eed  of  repair. 

Then    remember — patching 
nd  makeshift  plaster  repairs 
eldom    are    satisfactory  — 
eldom  last. 

Remember — only  you,  as 

carpenter,  have  the  needed 
kill  to  fix  those  ceilings  so 
hey  will  never  crack  again. 
)nly  you  can  apply  beautiful 
Jpson  Kuver-Krak  Panels — 
ight  over  unsightly  and  imsafe  plaster 
—and  give  dehghted  home  owners  the 
'jorld's  finest  ceiling. 

Rightfully,  these  fobs 
belong  to  you! 

i    They  can  be  yours,  if  you  will  only 
tap  up  and  ask  for  them. 

You  can  save  the  housewife  from  the 
rdeal  of  re-plastering.  You  can  save 
ler  from  the  seeping,  floating  gritty 
'ust  that  causes  needless  houseclean- 
cig  drudgery.  You  can  build  a  beautiful 
eiling  that  will  remain  crackproof  so 
3ng  as  the  house  stands. 


Amazing  Upson  Floafing  Fasteners 
anchor  panels  securing  from  the  back. 
Eliminate  visible  face  nailing.  Pro- 
vide for  normal  structural  movement. 


^ 


J 


It  Is  Pleasant 
Inside  Work 

You  will  enjoy  applying  Upson  Ceil- 
ings. It's  work  you  can  do  the  year 
'rovmd — regardless  of  weather.  Upson 
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weight,  easy  to  handle,  and  easy  to 
apply.  Nearly  all  limiber  dealers  carry 
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strips,  Upson  No.  2  Floating  Fasteners 
and  nails  are  all  you  need.  Be  sure  to 
insist  upon  and  get  Upson  Kuver-Krak 
Panels  3^"  thick.  They  are  the  only 
panels  designed  especially  for  re-cover- 
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plainly  marked  "Kuver-Krak." 

We  Can  Help  You  Get 
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Inquiries  from  our  national  advertis- 
ing are  being  referred  to  lumber  dealers 
constantly.  If  you  would  Hke  to  become 
an  Upson  Ceiling  expert,  send  the  cou- 
pon below.  We'U  put  you  in  touch  with 
the  Upson  Dealer  in  your  community. 
Send  coupon  now! 


THE   UPSON   COMPANY 

I  would  like  to  become  an  Upson  Ceiling  Expert.  Send  me 
nearest  Upson  Dealer. 

NAMF 

434    Upson 

Application 

Point,  Lockport, 

Instructions  and 

•  •  • 

New 

name 

York          • 

of  my          • 

• 

STRFFT                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 • 

CITY 

STATE 

•  •  • 

•  •  •  • 

•  •  • 

•  •  • 

• 
• 

?'/■?«■;//'"' '/' '  W/y,  ;>,  '*'>,'  '/'!^'"i?^''Z',"i//roiC'"/',  v^-,,,, , 


•ON  THE  JOB 
•IN  THE  SHOP 


u^  H&A  9 "  Tilting  Arbor  Saw. 


Has  Nearly  the  Capacity  of 
10"  Tilting  Arbor  Saws 


By  increasing  the  capacity'  of  this 
mobile,  versatile  tool  to  2?4  inches 
on  straight  cuts,  and  to  Us  inches 
on  45  degree  bevel  cuts,  we  have 
greatly  expanded  the  usefulness  of 
this   saw.     It  will   do   all  of   your   cross- 
cutting,  bevel-cutting,  dadoing,  mitering, 
groo\-ing,  tenoning,  rabbeting,  ploughing, 
and  practically  every  other  t>'pe  of  saw- 
ing on  the  job  or  in  your  shop.    The  over- 
size table  top  wlU  handle  work  up  to  24 
inches  wide  with  speed  and  precision. 

It'  plugs  into  any  regular  110-volt  or 
220-volt  electric  outlet.  Equipped  with 
a  one-piece  full  length,  roller  guide  rip 
fence,  self -locking  hand-wheel  adjust- 
ments, large  inter-changeable,  removable 
throat  blocks  for  easy  access  to  arbor,  a 
miter  gauge  \^'ith  exclusive  H&A  "shift 
blade"  having  large  protractor,  and  many 
other  featiu-es  that  save  time,  lumber  and 
effort. 


Rolls  Anywhere 
on  Caster  Base 


Model  2800 


See  this  new  Model  2800  H&A  Tilting  Arbor  Saw  with  9"  blade  at  your  dealers  TODAY. 
\i  he  does  not  have  one,  write  us  and  we'll  direct  you  to  a  dealer  who  has  one  in  a  hurry. 
Literature  and  prices  mailed  without  obligation. 


HESTON  &  ANDERSON 


607  W.  Kirkwood  Street 
Fairfield,  Iowa 


The  Weak  Get  Kicked 

*    * 

As  AN  AFTERMATH  of  anti-union  hysteria  which  the  press  and  radio 
managed  to  work  up  during  the  recent  coal  strike,  the  anti-labor 
forces  in  Congress  are  stepping  up  their  efiForts  to  put  o\  er  new  legis- 
lation aimed  at  crippling  the  economic  power  of  labor  unions.  Two  such  bills 
are  now  before  Congress.  They  are:  R.  R.  6681,  introduced  in  the  House  by 
P.  Frank  Wilson,  Texas  Democrat;  and  S.  2912,  introduced  in  the  Senate  by 
Senator  Robertson,  Virginia  Democrat,  ^^'hat  these  bills  propose  to  do  is  to  make 
unions  subject  to  the  anti-trust  laws  by  nullifying  the  protections  set  up  by  the 
Clayton  Act  and  the  Norris-LaGuardia  Act,  If  either  of  them  becomes  law, 
the  effectiveness  of  organized  labor  will  be  greatly  curtailed  and  all  unions 
will  be  laid  open  to  continual  barrages  of  injunctions,  lawsuits  and  attacks. 
Behind  all  the  legalistic  verbiage  in  the  bills,  there  is  one  single  purpose; 
namely,  to  whittle  down  the  size  of  unions  and  to  cut  down  their  effectiveness 
by  keeping  them  broken  up  into  isolated  units  insofar  as  collectixe  bargaining 
is  concerned.  


There  is  nothing  new  to  the  idea 
that  labor  unions  are  "monopolies" 
and  as  such  should  be  subjected  to 
anti-labor  laws.  Ever  since  the  anti- 
trust laws  came  into  existence  foes  of 
organized  labor  have  endeavored  to 
put  over  that  philosophy.  The  Clay- 
ton Act  and  the  Norris-LaGuardia  Act 
became  necessary  because  there  was 
so  much  employer  pressure  for  mak- 
ing unions  subject  to  the  anti-trust 
laws.  However,  it  was  some  ten  years 
ago  that  the  unions  really  climbed 
onto  solid  ground  insofar  as  the  "mon- 
opoly" theory  is  concerned.  And  it 
was  General  President  William  L. 
Hutcheson  and  the  United  Brother- 
hood that  put  them  there. 

I  Ten  years  ago,  Thurman  Arnold, 
then  Assistant  Attorney  General,  at- 
tempted to  use  the  anti-trust  laws 
against  organized  labor.  He  singled 
out  the  United  Brotherhood  for  spe- 
cial action.  In  the  now  famous  St. 
Louis  case,  Arnold  charged  the  United 
Brotherhood    and    General  President 


Hutcheson  with  violating  anti-trust 
laws.  It  was  a  delicate  situation. 
President  Hutcheson  stood  to  receive 
a  long  jail  sentence  if  Thurman  Arnold 
pre\'ailed  in  his  case.  However,  with- 
out hesitation,  he  deteraiined  to  carry 
the  fight  to  the  bitter  end.  The  case 
was  fought  through  the  lower  courts 
and  up  to  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court.  It  was  a  complete  \'ictory  for 
President  Hutcheson  and  organized 
labor.  The  Supreme  Court  upheld  the 
doctrine  that  labor  is  not  a  commodity 
in  trade.  It  further  knocked  most  of 
Mr.  Arnold's  theories  about  union 
monopoly  into  a  cocked  hat.  The  case 
has  been  known  ever  since  as  the 
"Hutcheson  Case"  and  it  has  been  the 
keystone  of  union  liberty  since  tliat 
time.  Passage  of  the  Taft-Hartley 
Law  made  some  inroads  on  the  basic 
union  rights  established  by  the  Hutch- 
eson Case,  but  to  date  labor  unions 
are  still  outside  the  scope  of  anti- 
tmst  laws.  That  is  why  the  anti-labor 


8 


THE    CARPENTER 


forces  in  Congress  are  now  working 
on  the  Robertson  Bill  so  diligently. 

Millions  of  words  have  been  writ- 
ten about  monopoly  in  organized  la- 
bor. Yet,  is  there  such  a  thing?  On 
the  face  of  it  the  answer  is  pretty 
obvious;  no.  There  are  some  sixty 
million  people  in  the  working  force 
in  the  United  States.  About  one- 
fourth  of  this  number  belongs  to  labor 
unions.  Can  one-quarter  of  the  peo- 
ple in  any  segment  of  our  society 
constitute  a  monopoly?  In  a  recent 
article  in  "The  Nation,"  Sid  Lens  de- 
velops some  interesting  points  on  this 
question.    In  part,  he  points  out: 

"Monopoly"  may  derive  from  ex- 
clusive control  over  the  sale  of  com- 
modities, or  over  production  facili- 
ties, or  over  the  labor  supply.  In  early 
days  in  America  every  farmer  had 
control  over  all  three— the  labor  sup- 
plied by  Negro  slaves  or  indentured 
white  servants,  the  tools  and  the  land, 
and  the  disposal  of  the  crop.  Artisans 
also  in  that  period  usually  worked 
for  themselves,  with  their  own  tools, 
and  owned  and  sold  the  finished  prod- 
uct. But  as  time  went  on  and  as  the 
demand  for  shoes,  textiles,  iron  prod- 
ucts "■  increased,  the  artisan  set  up  a 
small  manufactory  and  employed  a 
handful  of  journeymen.  No  longer 
able  to  do  all  the  work  himself,  he 
maintained  his  monopoly  over  the 
finished  product  and  the  facilities  of 
production  but  relinquished  his  mo- 
nopoly over  the  labor  supply. 

This  loss  was  not  too  serious,  be- 
cause each  journeyman  confronted 
the  employer  with  his  demands  and 
grievances  as  an  individual.  The  em- 
ployer could  say,  "If  you  don't  like  it, 
quit,"  and  if  he  lost  but  one  man  his 
production  was  only  slightly  impair- 
ed. It  was  only  when  the  one  man 
was  joined  by  his  brother  journeymen 
and  all  together  answered  the  em- 
ployer's ultimatum  with,  "If  you  don't 


grant  our  demands  you  lose  your  la- 
bor supply  and  must  shut  down."  that 
a  labor  monopoly  was  counterposed 
to  the  two  monopolies  enjoyed  by 
the  employer. 

Our  society  is  thus  based  on  mo- 
nopoly—exclusive control.  Both  em- 
ployer's and  unions  have  monopolies 
in  their  own  fields.  As  the  United 
States  grew  from  a  mercantile  nation 
to  an  industrial  one  and  finally  to  a 
"monopolistic"  one,  the  area  of  "ex- 
clusive control"  grew.  Small  employ- 
ers merged,  or  were  swallowed  up  by 
giants,  or,  in  depression  times,  by 
banks.  We  have  now  reached  the 
state  of  affairs  where  one-eight  of  one 
per  cent  of  the  corporations  control 
51  per  cent  of  all  corporate  wealth. 
In  thirteen  industries  two  or  three 
companies,  sometimes  one,  dominate 
the  whole  market.  Almost  half  of 
America's  capital  assets  is  controlled 
by  113  corporations. 

This  growth  of  industrial  monopoly 
has   its   counterpart   in   labor.     From 
small,  local,  isolated  unions,  labor  has 
moved   to   city  federations   of  labor, 
state  federations  of  labor,  the  alliance 
of  workers  of  a  similiar  craft  or  in- 
dustry in  a  number  of  cities  into  a  na- 
tional craft  or  industrial  union,   and 
finally  the  federation  of  national  un- 
ions in  the  American  Federation  of 
Labor  and  later  the  Congress  of  In-  . 
dustrial  Organizations.    The  question,  ji 
then.   Are  labor  unions   monopolies?] 
makes  just  as  little  sense  as  the  ques-  j 
tion.  Is  the  Aluminum  Corporation  of -j 
America   a   monopoly?   Both  are.    A 
labor  union   attempts,   in  the   words 
of  Thurman  Arnold,  "to  monopolize 
the  labor  supply"  in  its  field,  and 
Alcoa   dominates   the  production  fa- 
cilities and  the  sale  of  finished  prod- 
ucts in  the  aluminum  field. 

The  real  point  at  issue  is  not 
whether  they  are  monopolies  but 


THE    CARPENTER 


whether  they  are  harmful  to  the  gen- 
eral welfare.  Industrial  monopolies 
that  combine  in  restraint  of  trade, 
that  boost  prices,  that  keep  back  new 
production  facilities,  that  withhold 
better  products  from  the  market,  that 
set  up  predatory  world  cartels  to  ex- 
ploit colonial  peoples— these  are 
harmful  monopolies.  But  the  mo- 
nopoly that  a  labor  union  attempts 
to  establish  is  by  and  large  a  benefi- 
cial one.  It  tries  to  raise  wages,  in- 
crease purchasing  power,  achieve 
some  security  for  the  majority  of  the 
people.  Properly  speaking  it  is  a 
counter-monopoly,  a  defensive  weap- 
on against  more  powerful  monopo- 
lies. And  as  counter-monopolies  un- 
ions are  still  a  long  way  from  being 
able  to  match  their  strength  with  the 
monopolies  they  face. 

Ever  since  enactment  of  the  Sher- 
man law  against  industrial  monopo- 
hes  reactionary  interests  have  at- 
tempted to  turn  the  picture  upside 
down.  They  have  presented  a  bogy- 
man  of  "labor  monopolies"  to  distract 
attention  from  their  own  anti-social 
monopolies.  The  essence  of  the  Taft- 
Hartley  law  is  that  it  attempts  to 
break  up  a  socially  beneficial  mono- 
poly in  order  to  aid  restrictive  busi- 
ness monopolies.   Under  it  unions  are 


not  permitted  to  engage  in  a  second- 
ary boycott.  If  a  union  is  on  strike  at 
one  plant  and  the  employer  farms  out 
his  work  to  another  factory  owned  by 
someone  else,  it  is  illegal  to  put  a 
picket  line  around  the  second  factory. 
It  is  perfectly  legal,  however,  for  the 
employer  to  farm  out  struck  work.  A 
union,  under  Taft-Hartley,  is  not  per- 
mitted to  tell  its  members  to  respect 
the  picket  line  around  another  em- 
ployer. Members  of  a  union  on  strike 
lose  their  job  rights  if  the  employer 
can  replace  them.  If  a  Labor  Board 
election  is  held,  the  strikers  don't 
vote,  the  strike-breakers  do.  Senator 
Taft  has  singled  out  the  weaker  of  the 
tsvo  monopolies  for  further  weaken- 
ing; that  is  the  essence  of  his  law. 

The  nation  as  a  whole,  however, 
faces  a  choice.  Shall  it  permit  the 
labor  unions  to  grow  as  a  check  to 
the  restrictive  practices  of  industrial 
monopoly,  or  shall  it  weaken  the  un- 
ions so  that  big  business  can  continue 
unimpeded  to  hamper  the  develop- 
ment of  our  productive  facilities.  The 
question  is  which  monopolies  to  aid 
and  which  to  weaken.  Every  progres- 
sive, mindful  of  the  experiences  of 
Germany  and  other  countries,  will 
cast  his  ballot  for  the  monopoly  which 
is  attempting  to  reach  an  equitable 
solution  for  our  social  ills. 


DON'T  MISS  THE  5th  AFL  UNION  INDUSTRIES  SHOW 
You'll  get  a  big  lack  out  of  it! 

It  is  the  only  one  of  its  kind  and  is  scheduled  May  6-13  at  Convention  Hall  in  Phila- 
delphia. We  want  to  make  it  the  biggest  and  best  ever  held.  In  order  that  it  wU  be  the 
sensational  success  that  every  other  one  has  been,  we  appeal  to  all  national  and  inter- 
national unions  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  to  participate  in  this  unique  labor- 
management  exhibition. 

Good  relations— cooperation  between  labor  and  management— is  one  of  the  worthy  goals 
of  our  Union  Industries  Show.  PubHc  good  will  of  American  consumers  is  another  objective. 
We  anticipate  that  half  a  million  people  will  see  this  spectacular  AFL-union  event.  Admis- 
sion is  free  and  valuable  prizes  will  be  given  away. 

Over  one  and  a  half  rurming  miles  of  briUiant  displays  of  high-quahty,  union-made 
products  and  exciting  demonstrations  of  efficient  union  services— marvels  of  union  workers 
techniques— will  be  seen  in  the  huge  auditoriums  of  famous  Convention  Hall. 

Visitors  v^^ll  also  get  a  big  kick  out  of  the  music,  the  contests,  the  entertainment  and 
U.S.  armed  forces'  displays  in  addition  to  the  gorgeous  exhibits  during  the  8-day,  action- 
packed,  round-up  of  union-made-in-America  merchandise  and  union  ser\ices. 


10 


GOMPERS'  BIRTHDAY  CELEBRATED 


•     • 

THE  GENERAL  Executive  Board,  in  conjunction  with  the  oiBBcers  and 
representatives  of  the  Florida  State  Council  of  Carpenters,  the  Busi- 
ness Agents  of  the  entire  State  and  many  visiting  Brothers,  held  a  joint 
celebration  of  the  100th  anniversary  of  the  birthday  of  Sam  Gompers,  who 
for  nearly  half  a  century  was  President  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor. 
The  afiFair  was  held  at  the  New  Florida  Hotel,  Lakeland,  Florida  on  Saturday, 
February  25th. 

General  President  Hutcheson,  who  is  also  First  Vice-President  of  the  A. 
F.  of  L.,  was  Master  of  Ceremonies.   He  said: 

"We  are  holding  this  celebration  for     


the  express  purpose  of  honoring  the 
100th  anni\'ersary  of  the  Birthday  of 
Sam  Gompers,  the  old  labor  leader 
who  in  his  day  devoted  his  time,  en- 
ergy and  ability  to  the  advancement 
and  development  of  the  Labor  Move- 
ment the  world  over,  and  is  therefore 
entitled  to  all  the  recognition,  credit 
and  honor  we  can  bestow  upon  him. 
We  have  with  us  an  old  time  member 
who  knew  him  well  and  worked  with 
him  for  many  years,  our  General  Sec- 
retary Emeritus,  Brother  Frank  Duffy. 
I  know  he  can  tell  us  much  about  the 
early  days  of  the  Labor  Movement 
and  Sam  Gompers." 

Brother  Duffy  said  in  part: 
"Sixty-one  years  ago  I  joined  a  Car- 
penters Union  in  New  York  City- 
Lodge  No.  2  of  the  United  Order  of 
American  Carpenters  and  Joiners— the 
organization  that  preceded  the  Bro- 
therhood. I  knew  Sam  Gompers,  P. 
J.  McGuire,  Gabe  Edmonston,  Ter- 
ence V.  Powderley  and  other  leaders 
in  the  movement.  So  I  know  where 
of  I  speak.  Going  back  to  the  early 
days  of  the  movement  and  speaking 
of  Sam  Gompers  is  like  repeating  an- 
cient history.  Perhaps  you  don't  want 
ancient  history.    A  labor  conference 


held  in  Terre  Haute,  Indiana  on  Au- 
gust 2,  1881,  was  really  the  beginning 
of  the  Federation.  A  call  drafted  by 
P.  J.  McGuire  and  signed  by  other 
International  OflBcers  was  sent  out 
to  hold  a  Convention  in  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.,  on  November  15,  1881  for  the 
purpose  of  forming  a  National  Con- 
gress of  Labor  or  Federation  of  La- 
bor. One  hundred  and  seventeen  (117) 
delegates  were  present  from  all  Labor 
Organizations  including  the  Knights 
of  Labor.  Sam  Gompers  was  there 
from  the  Cigar  Makers  and  was 
Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Con- 
stitution and  Law.  An  organization 
was  formed  under  the  title  'The  Fed- 
eration of  the  Organized  Trades  and 
Labor  Unions  of  the  United  States 
and  Canada.'  I  will  give  you  in  chro- 
nological order  as  near  as  I  can  the 
principal  events  that  followed. 

"The  Knights  of  Labor  were  barred 
from  representation  in  the  future,  as 
they  had  their  own  organization. 
Yearly  Conventions  were  held,  but 
the  representation  dwindled  until 
1886  when  only  19  Delegates  were 
present  at  the  Convention  held  in 
Columbus,  Ohio.  P.  J.  McGuire  im- 
mediately got  busy  and  reorganized 


THE    CARPENTER 


11 


the  Federation  of  the  Organized 
Trades  and  Labor  Unions  of  the  Unit- 
ed States  and  Canada  into  The  Amer- 
ican Federation  of  Labor.  Sam  Gom- 
pers  was  elected  President.  P.  J.  Mc- 
Guire,  although  he  declined,  was 
elected  Secretary  and  Gabe  Edmons- 
ton,  the  First  General  President  of  the 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters,  was  elect- 
ed Treasurer.  It  then  began  to  grow, 
de\elop  and  expand. 

"In  1890  the  American  Federation 
of  Labor  selected  the  Brotherhood 
of  Cai-penters  to  move  for  the  eight 
hour  day.  They  won.  Sam  Gompers 
was  their  great  supporter  and  backer, 
always  an  advocate  of  the  shorter 
work  day. 

"In  1895,  Sam  Gompers  and  Pete 
McGuire  were  elected  the  first  Dele- 
gates to  the  British  Trades  Union 
Congress  from  the  American  Feder- 
ation of  Labor. 

"In  1898  the  A.  F.  of  L.  held  its 
annual  Convention  in  Kansas  City, 
Missouri.  The  question  of  "Partisan 
Politics"  was  the  big  subject  under 
discussion.  P.  J.  McGuire  made  one 
of  his  best  talks  and  wound  up  by 
saying, 

'Vote  for  your  friends  and  defeat 
your  enemies.' 

"Sam  Gompers  accepted  it  and  it 
became  the  slogan  of  the  A.  F.  of  L., 
then  and  is  now. 

"The  Socialists  took  advantage  of  it, 
claiming  they  were  the  friends  of 
labor  and  in  the  Conventions  of  the 
A.  F.  of  L.  in  1899,  1900,  1901,  and 
1902,  introduced  Resolutions  claim- 
ing the  labor  vote.  In  fact  they  want- 
ed to  capture  the  A.  F.  of  L.  but  all 
these  Resolutions  were  non-concurred 
in.  At  the  1903  Convention  in  Old 
Fanieul  Hall,  Boston,  the  Cradle  of 
Liberty,  the  Socialists  introduced  ten 
Resolutions  on  all  sorts  of  subjects. 
The  Resolution  Committee  dealt  with 
them   all   at  one   time  and  reported 


"Non-concurrence."  Then  the  big 
fight  started  and  lasted  nearly  two 
days.  The  Socialists  used  all  the  tac- 
tics at  their  command.  When  the  de- 
bate finally  closed  Gompers  claimed 
the  right  to  reply  and  especially  so  to 
accusations  made  against  him  and  it 
was  willingly  granted.  With  flashing 
eyes  and  clear  voice  he  went  after  the 
Socialists  without  mercy.  At  that  time 
he  was  fifty-three  and  in  his  prime. 
Pointing  his  finger  at  the  leaders  of 
the  Socialists  he  said: 

T  want  to  tell  you,  Socialists, 
that  I  have  studied  your  philoso- 
phy; read  your  works  upon  eco- 
nomics, and  noted  the  meanest  of 
them;  studied  your  standard 
works,  both  in  English  and  Ger- 
man—have not  only  read,  but 
studied  them.  I  ha\'e  heard  your 
orators  and  watched  the  work  of 
your  movement  the  \^'orld  over. 
I  have  kept  close  watch  upon 
your  doctrines  for  thirty  years; 
have  been  closely  associated  with 
many  of  you,  and  know  how  you 
think  and  what  you  propose.  I 
know,  too,  what  you  have  up 
your  sleeve.  And  I  want  to  say 
that  I  am  entirely  at  \  ariance 
with  your  philosophy.  I  declare 
it  to  you,  I  am  not  only  at  vari- 
ance with  your  doctrines,  but 
with  your  philosophy.  Econom- 
ically, you  are  unsound;  socially, 
you  are  wrong;  industrially,  you 
are  an  impossibility.' 

"I  think  that  was  the  best  statement 
he  ever  made  and  it  should  be  pub- 
lished from  one  end  of  the  land  to  the 
other.  He  was  a  great  man,  a  great 
organizer,  a  good  orator,  a  great 
leader  and  a  great  President  of  the 
A.  F.  of  L.  He  was  consulted  by  Con- 
gressmen and  Presidents  on  matters 
aflFecting  labor.  He  was  Labor's  States- 
man, Labor's  Spokesman.  The  A.  F. 
of  L.  has  grown,  expanded  and  de- 


12  THE    CARPENTER 

veloped.  It  has  eight  miUion  members  ti\e.  enHghtening  and  educational  ad- 

now  with  milhons   of  dollars   in  its  dress  on  matters  with  which  the 

treasiir}-.    We  know  the  A.  F.  of  L.  Labor  Movement  has  to  contend  with 

General  President  Hutcheson  has  been  today. 

a  Delegate  to  its  Conventions  for  35  General  President  Hutcheson  then 
years  and  I  have  been  a  Delegate  for  called  on  each  member  of  the  Gen- 
47  years,  so  we  know  whereof  we  eral  Executi\'e  Board  and  the  re- 
speak.  Am  glad  to  be  with  you  at  this  spouses  were  fine  and  fitting  to  the 
celebration."  occasion. 

When  First  General  \'ice-Presi-  Everybody  admitted  it  was  the  best 

dent  Maurice  Hutcheson  was  called  celebration  ever  held  in  the  State  of 

upon  he  referred  to  the  cause  of  the  Florida  and  one  to  be  long  remem- 

celebration  and  gave  a  ver\'  instruc-  bered. 


Sixteen  Reasons  Why  T-H  Must  be  Repealed 

Milhons  of  words  have  been  \\Titten  on  the  subject  'WTiat's  \\Tong  "\"\'ith 
The  Taft-Hartley  Act?"  Most  of  the  articles  are  clear  and  hard-hitting;  the 
only  trouble  is  they  contain  too  many  words.  Recently  Secretary'  of  Labor 
Tobin  boiled  dowm  to  sixteen  short  paragraphs  the  things  that  are  \\Tong  with 
the  law.  For  those  who  want  ammunition  for  pressing  for  repeal  of  the  law, 
Tobin's  sixteen  objections  are  handy.  They  are: 

1.  The  Act's  banning  of  union  secmrity  agreements  mutually  beneficial  to 
both  labor  and  management  for  a  period  of  over  100  years. 

2.  The  special  emphasis  placed  by  the  Act  on  the  use  of  injunctions  to 
settle  labor  disputes. 

3.  The  Act's  removal  of  the  Conciliation  Service  from  the  Department  of 
Labor. 

4.  The  broad  discretionary  power  placed  by  the  Act  in  the  General  Coun- 
sel of  the  National  Labor  Relations  Board,  making  him  \'irtually  "a  labor  czar." 

5.  The  Act's  provisions  for  numerous  elections  which  keep  employer-em- 
ploye relations  in  a  constantly  unsettled  condition. 

6.  The  Act's  outlawing  of  jDeaceful  picketing  in  many  situations. 

7.  The  Act's  restrictions  on  the  check-off. 

8.  The  Act's  denial  of  the  right  to  vote  to  economic  strikers. 

9.  The  Act's  pro\ision  for  employers'  petitions  for  union  representation 
elections. 

10.  The  Act's  restrictions  on  health  and  welfare  funds. 

11.  The  Act's  surrender  of  Federal  jurisdiction  where  state  laws  are  more 
restrictive  on  imion  securit}'. 

12.  The  Act's  broad  ban  on  political  contributions  and  expenditures  by 
labor  organizations. 

13.  The  Act's  provision  for  damage  suits  against  unions. 

14.  The  Act's  indiscriminate  outlawing  of  all  secondary  boycotts,  whether 
justifiable  or  not. 

15.  The  Act's  provision  for  mandator}'  injunctions  against  certain  union 
unfair  labor  practices. 

16.  The  Act's  elaborate  and  inflexible  procedures  including  an  SO-da)'  wait- 
ing period  enforced  by  injuction  in  emergency  disputes,  combined  \^dth  pro- 
hibition against  recommendations  by  boards  of  inquiry  to  assist  parties  to  settle 
such  disputes. 


13 


Everybody  Benefits 


THE  LEADERSHIP  of  Samuel  Gompers  and  the  everlasting  hard  work 
of  AFL  unions  in  raising  the  nation's  wage  levels  have  helped  to 
create  the  American  prosperity  which  is  the  wonder  of  the  world  in 
this  tvventieth  century. 

That's  the  story  told  in  the  current  issue  of  the  AFL  Labor  Monthly  Survey. 

The  Survey  published  charts  showing  that  in  10  industries  alone,   AFL 

unions  have  raised  wages  20  to  30  per  cent  higher  than  nonunion  wages  and 

that  these  rising  wages  increased  the     — 


average   purchasing   power  of  every 
American. 

"Yet  the  union  plants  are  prosper- 
ing, well  able  to  compete  with  non- 
union concerns  because  of  their  supe- 
rior labor  force  and  efficiency,"  the 
Survey  said.  "This  far-sighted  policy 
on  the  part  of  labor  has  been  basic  in 
American  progress. 


der,  Samuel  Gompers,  as  we  celebrate 
the  lOOtli  anniversary  of  his  birth. 

Gompers  and  his  fellow  workers  de- 
veloped unions  which  enable  workers 
to  better  themselves  by  sharing  in  the 
benefits  of  free  enterprise.  No  other 
way  promises  workers  as  great  ad- 
vancement, for  economic  progress 
springs  from  individual  initiative  and 


UNION  WAGES  ARE  HIGHER 

for  every  (^^  <»  o  non-union  pay  envelope  in  these  Industries^ 

the  union  pay  envelope  contains: 


'''"^'nMTim  r^'^^'T'^^'''^^^^^^^  '''' 


WAfmusiNd 


"High  wages  in  union  plants  have 
forced  nonunion  employers  to  raise 
pay.  Rising  buying  power  has  in- 
, creased  demand,  raising  production 
and  creating  more  jobs  and  more  de- 
mand, while  expanding  production  re- 
duced unit  costs." 

Here's  the  story  from  Labor's 
Monthly  Survey: 

Significantly,  we  are  re-examining 
this  year  the  principles  of  our  foun- 

i 


voluntary  action  when  men  can  bene- 
fit from  the  results  of  their  work. 

Gompers'  union  activity  began  in 
New  York  City  in  the  early  1870's. 
Wages  then  were  1  to  15  cents  an 
hour  for  a  work  week  of  more  than  60 
hours.  Unions  were  weak  and  often 
misled  by  impractical  theorists;  union 
organizers  were  marked  men,  black- 
listed, their  families  ostracized.  Gom- 
pers and  his  fellow  cigarmakers  set 


14 


THE    CARPENTER 


out  to  make  their  local  union  a  strong, 
practical  and  effective  organization  to 
deal  with  the  employer  and  handle 
members'  work  problems.  They  dis- 
cussed socialism,  and  other  forms  of 
government  intervention— theories 
then  popular  in  Europe— and  cast 
them  aside.  They  set  up  their  union 
as  a  shop  organization,  with  separate 
officers  in  each  shop  to  handle  mem- 
bers' business;  collective  bargaining 
with  the  employer  was  their  method 
for  winning  better  wages,  hours  and 
conditions.  The  union  was  opened  to 
all  workers  in  the  industry;  and  an 
employment  bureau  run  by  the  union 
helped  members  find  jobs. 

This  new  "business  unionism"  be- 
gan to  show  results.  "We  fought  for 
each  gain,"  he  says,  "and  with  bare 
hands  unaided  carried  off  victories 
against  the  protest  of  a  hostile  world." 
In  those  days  the  movement  was  very 
poor— but  they  forged  ahead.  Other 
unions  studied  their  methods.  "Busi- 
ness unionism"  spread  throughout 
New  York  state,  the  Cigarmakers  In- 
ternational Union,  elsewhere.  Union 
discipline  developed.  Wildcat  strikes 
were  outlawed;  grievance  committees 
assured  workers  justice  on  the  job  and 
eliminated  causes  of  strikes;  signed 
contracts  made  joint  agreements  bind- 
ing. 

These  early  unionists  saw  in  their 
drive  for  higher  wages  a  lifting  force 
that  could  better  the  whole  human 
family.  Through  their  unions  they 
won  higher  wages,  then  participated 
in  measures  to  reduce  costs  and  get 
out  the  production  necessary  to  pay 
for  the  wage  increase.  Our  founder's 
policy  was  not  to  oppose  the  introduc- 
tion of  labor-saving  machinery,  but  to 
see  that  union  members  were  em- 
ployed to  operate  it  and  that  workers 
benefitted  by  the  saving  in  costs.  The 
union  wages  chart  shows  10  industries 
where  today  union  wages  are  from  20 


to  30  per  cent  higher  than  non-union 
wages.  Yet  the  union  plants  are  pros- 
pering, well  able  to  compete  with 
non-union  concerns  because  of  their 
superior  labor  force  and  efficiency. 

This  far-sighted  policy  on  the  part 
of  labor  has  been  basic  in  American 
progress.  High  wages  in  union  plants 
have  forced  non-union  employers  to 
raise  pay.  Rising  buying  power  has 
increased  demand,  raising  production 
and  creating  more  jobs  and  more  de- 
mand, while  expanding  production  re- 
duced unit  costs.  It  was  Gompers' 
policy  to  demand  the  obtainable  now, 
and  tomorrow,  more  now,  more  then, 
and  these  gains  built  up  union 
strength  so  that  unions  became  stable 
agencies.  He  started  unions  along 
the  road  to  steadily  growing  possibili- 
ties. So  while  the  genius  of  American 
management  brought  new  production 
miracles,  AFL  unions  translated  pro- 
duction into  higher  living  standards, 
and  workers'  larger  pay  envelopes 
created  an  expanding  market  to  ab- 
sorb the  flood  of  new  goods  turned 
out.  The  purchasing  source  chart 
shows  that  the  per  capita  buying 
power  of  the  American  people  (that 
is,  the  general  living  standard)  almost 
doubled  in  the  29  years  from  1900  to 
1929  and  rose  42  per  cent  in  10  years 
from  1939  to  1949. 

On  his  death  in  1924,  Gompers  left 
to  his  successors  a  militant  trade  un- 
ion movement,  guided  by  sound  basic 
principles,  applicable  to  new  and 
changing  problems. 

At  a  time  when  it  is  particularly 
needed,  this  practical  business  union- 
ism, based  on  moral  principles  and 
guided  by  the  ideals  of  human  free- 
dom, has  spread  throughout  the 
United  States.  It  makes  possible  joint 
voluntary  action  of  unions  and  man- 
agements in  meeting  the  serious  eco- 
nomic problems  of  today.  This  is  our 
hope  to  avoid  government  domination. 


THE    CARPENTER 


15 


CONVENTION   CALL 

TO  THE  OFFICERS  AND  MEMBERS  OF  LOCAL  UNIONS  OF  THE  UNITED 
BROTHERHOOD  OF  CARPENTERS  AND  JOINERS  OF  AMERICA 

Greetings: 

You  are  herewith  officially  notified  that  in  accordance  with  the  action  of  the 
General  Executive  Board,  the  Twenty- Sixth  General  Convention  of  the  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America  will  be  held  in  the  auditorium 
of  the  Cincinnati  Masonic  Temple,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  beginning  Tuesday,  Septem- 
ber 5,  1950  at  2:00  P.M.  and  continue  in  session  from  day  to  day  until  the  busi- 
ness coming  before  the  convention  has  been  completed. 

The  basis  of  representation  in  the  convention  herewith  follows: 

A  Local  Union  with  membership  of  100  or  less,  in  good  standing,  is  entitled 
to  one  delegate;  with  more  than  100  and  less  than  500  members,  two  delegates; 
with  more  than  500  and  less  than  1,000  members,  three  delegates;  with  more 
than  1,000  members,  four  delegates. 

A  Local  Union  owing  two  months'  tax  to  the  General  Ofiice  is  not  entitled  to 
representation  in  the  convention. 

The  General  Executive  Board  decided,  when  considering  the  matter  of  mak- 
ing arrangements  for  the  coming  General  Convention,  which  will  be  held  early 
in  September,  that  owing  to  the  large  number  of  Local  Unions  in  the  Brotherhood, 
and  undoubtedly  the  large  number  of  delegates  who  will  be  elected,  it  would 
expedite  the  arrangements  to  a  great  extent  by  having  the  delegates  elected  in  the 
months  of  April  and  May  instead  of  June  and  July;  the  names  of  delegates  elected 
to  be  in  the  General  Office  not  later  than  June  15,  1950. 

In  compiling  the  General  Constitution  after  the  last  referendum  vote,  there 
was  an  oversight  in  reference  to  changing  Paragraph  E,  Section  18  to  conform 
to  and  define  the  eligibility  of  a  member  to  represent  the  Brotherhood  as  outlined 
in  Section  31,  Paragraph  D,  therefore  the  rule  prevailing  in  reference  to  the 
eligibility  of  a  member  to  be  elected  as  a  delegate  to  the  General  Convention 
shall  be  as  set  forth  in  Section  31,  Paragraph  D  of  the  General  Constitution,  de- 
fining the  eligibility  of  a  member  to  be  elected  or  selected  as  an  officer  of  a 
Local  Union. 

Each  delegate  will  be  entitled  to  one  vote.  Proxy  representation  is  not  allowed. 

Each  delegate  establishes  claim  to  a  seat  in  the  convention  through  official 
credentials  supplied  by  the  General  Office  which  must  be  properly  filled  out  and 
signed  by  the  President  and  Recording  Secretary  of  the  Local  Um'on  which  he 
represents,  with  the  seal  of  the  Local  Union  affixed  thereto. 

A  delegate  must  have  his  due  book  with  him  to  show  that  he  has  been  a 
member  in  good  standing  twelve  months  prior  to  his  election. 

The  expense  of  each  delegate  attending  the  convention  is  to  be  paid  by  the 
Local  Union  he  represents. 

The  Recording  Secretary  must  report  at  once  to  the  Acting  General  Secretary 
the  name  and  postoffice  address  of  the  delegate  and  alternate  under  penalty  of 
fine  as  provided  in  Paragraph  F,  Section  18  of  our  General  Laws.  When  the  name 
of  the  delegate  is  reported  to  the  General  Office,  blank  credentials  and  further 
information  will  be  sent  to  the  elected  delegate. 

With  best  wishes  and  kindest  regards,  we  are 


Fraternally  yours. 


WM. 


L.  HUTCHESON 
General  President. 


ALBERT  E.  FISCHER 

Acting  Secretary. 


-SIP 


DON'T  FORGET  THE  GIFT 

Recently  compiled  figures  indicate  that 
something  like  eight  million  dollars  was 
spent  on  lobbying  in  Washington  last  year. 
That  is  a  lot  of  money  in  any  league.  How- 
ever, Big  Business  interests  which  shell  out 
a  very  substantial  percentage  of  the  moola 
figure  they  must  get  value  received  for  their 
dough  because  indications  are  that  they  will 
spend  as  much  or  more  this  year. 

Lobbying  is  a  new  technique  just  now 
coming  into  its  own.  Special  interest  groups 
hire  some  smooth  operator  who  knows  his 
way  around  the  Capital  to  boost  their  in- 
terests. They  give  the  operator  a  nice  fat 
salary  and  a  juicy  expense  account.  With 
entertainment,  favors,  etc.  the  operator  goes 
to  work  on  Congressmen;  sort  of  like  the 
Irishman  who  was  going  to  celebrate  his 
silver  wedding  anniversary. 

Inviting  a  friend  to  the  party,  the  Irish- 
man gave  instructions  as  to  how  his  place 
could  be  found.  "We  live  on  the  fifth  floor," 
he  said,  "apartment  B.  Just  touch  the  but- 
ton with  your  elbow." 

"And  why  should  I  use  my  elbow?"  en- 
quired the  friend. 

"Mike,  me  lad,"  replied  the  Irishman, 
"you'd  not  be  coming  empty-handed,  would 
ye'  now?" 


4,7.  is3-e3gg3-©  1950  <^^£    StaMMTz 

"Not  here!  They're  anti-laborr 


STORY  WITH  A  MORAL 

Under  the  sponsorship  of  Senator  Robert- 
son, an  anti-labor  bill  that  could  make  the 
Taft-Hartley  Law  look  like  the  Wagner 
Act  has  been  introduced.  All  that  the  new 
law  proposes  to  do  is  to  classify  human 
labor  to  all  intents  and  purposes  as  an 
article  of  commerce  like  girdles  and  saddle 
soap,  thus  making  labor  organizations  sub- 
ject to  anti-trust  laws. 

From  where  we  sit,  labor  seems  to  be  in 
a  spot  about  like  the  restaurant  patron  who 
called  the  waiter. 

"I've  never  seen  anything  as  tough  as 
this  steak,"  complained  the  patron. 

"You  haven't?"  repUed  the  waiter:  "Just 
wait  until  you've  seen  the  manager." 

MORAL:  Be  siure  to  register  and  vote  or 
things  are  going  to  get  tougher  for  all  work- 
ing people. 

*      •      • 

WE    ARE    NOT    ALONE 

Despite  all  we  can  do,  tj'pographical  er- 
rors will  creep  into  this  publication  occa- 
sionally. Just  so  you  won't  think  we  are 
careless  or  sloppy  or  unique,  take  a  look 
at  some  of  the  boners  some  other  publica- 
tions have  let  slip  through  recently: 

Fifty-nine  years  he  practiced  medicine, 
being  responsible  for  most  of  the  babies 
born  in  this  community. 

The  club  meets  only  once  a  year  and 
that  is  when  they  transact  all  their  business 
and  enjoy  the  evening  togetlier— wives  are 
bared. 

He  is  the  proud  possessor  of  a  new  Chev- 
rolet and  also  a  new  wife,  having  traded 
in  the  old  one  for  which  he  received  a 
liberal   allowance. 

After    Governor watched   the 

lion  perform,  he  was  taken  to  Main  Street 
and  fed  twenty-five  pounds  of  raw  meat 
in  front  of  the  Fox  Theater. 

After  the  musical  portion  of  the  program, 

Pastor deUvered   a   short   sermon 

on  "Personal  Devils."  Seventeen  were  pres- 
ent. 


THE    CARPENTER 


17 


SEEMS  LIKELY 

Down  in  a  certain  southern  state,  a  new- 
ly elected  representative  from  a  rural  dis- 
trict went  to  pay  his  respects  to  the  gover- 
nor. Ignorant  of  the  temi  of  respect  he 
should  use  in  addressing  his  Excellency, 
the  yahoo  called  him  "Most  High." 

"Oh,"  replied  the  governor,  with  a  laugh 
"I'm  not  the  Most  High.  The  Most  High 
is  He  who  has  made  all  things  from  noth- 
ing." 

"Well,"  replied  the  representative,  in  a 
sudden  burst  of  honest  emotion,  "that 
mighty  near  qualifies  you,  Guv.  That  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  }'ou  appointed  down  in 
my  town  is  about  the  nearest  thing  to  nothin' 
I've  seen  on  t\vo  legs!" 

In  view  of  the  fact  the  recent  coal  strike 
dramatically  pro\ed  how  unworkable  the 
Taft-Hartle\'  Law  really  is,  would  it  be 
possible  to  call  Senator  Taft  "Most  High" 
too,  because  he  still  keeps  boosting  the 
law  as  a  good  piece  of  legislation? 

*  *      * 
JUST  MEDIUM 

Noting  in  a  woman's  magazine  that  a 
near-record  number  of  marriages  is  pre- 
dicted for  this  spring  and  summer,  Joe 
Paup,  a  veteran  sailor  on  the  sea  of  matri- 
mony, added  the  following  item  to  his  im- 
mortal list  of  "Paup's  Pearly  Gems." 

"The  average  man  is  neither  so  clever 
as  his  wife  thought  him  when  they  were 
engaged,  nor  as  big  a  dope  as  she  thinks 
him  now  they  are  married." 

*  *      • 

THE  CHEAPEST  SYSTEM 

If  j'ou  ha\e  not  as  yet  made  your  two 
dollar  voluntary  contribution  to  Labor's 
League  for  Political  Education,  do  not  for- 
get to  take  care  of  this  important  item  next 
meeting  night.  Your  two  bucks  donation 
will  not  only  help  to  elect  a  liberal  Con- 
gress, but  also  it  will  help  to  give  your 
state  the  kind  of  liberal  legislation  its  work- 
ing citizens  need.  During  the  last  campaign, 
there  were  many  different  types  of  cam- 
paigns for  funds.  This  year  there  is  only 
the  LLPE  solicitation  which  will  cover 
everything. 

Chip  in  your  two  bucks  and  you  can  be 
like  the  Scotsman  who  went  into  a  saddlery 
shop  and  asked  to  buy  one  spur. 

"I'm  sorry,  sir,"  replied  the  clerk,  "but 
we  only  sell  spurs  by  the  pair." 

"That  may  be  so,"  replied  the  man  from 
Aberdeen,  "but  I  only  want  one  spur.  If  I 
can  get  one  half  of  the  horse  mo\ing,  the 
other  half  will  come  with  it." 


NOT  VERY  AMUSING 

Movie  houses  throughout  the  nation  are 
waging  an  all-out  battle  to  get  the  twenty 
per  cent  amusement  tax  lifted  when  Con- 
gress writes  its  new  tax  bill.  Mo\ie  men 
say  the  tax  is   grossly  unfair. 

And  judging  from  some  of  the  pictures 
we  have  seen  lately  we  are  inclined  to  be- 
lieve the  tax  is  misnamed  too. 

*  •      • 

A  GREAT  HANDICAP 

In  the  British  elections  held  late  in  Feb- 
ruary, tlie  Labor  Party  managed  to  stay  in 
power  by  a  ver}'  slight  majority.  Ever 
since,  all  the  poHtical  big-wigs  in  this  coun- 
try have  been  trying  to  uncover  "trends" 
and  "mandates"  in  the  election  results. 

What  the  election  proves,  we  don't  know. 
All  we  know  is  that  the  Labor  Party  won 
out  against  terrific  odds.  How  terrific  those 
odds  were  can  be  gleaned  from  the  fact 
the  Gallup  Poll  even  predicted  labor  would 
win. 

*  •     * 

MAYBE  TAFT  WAS  PULLING  IT 

(An  Associated  Press  Dispatch  from   Glendale, 
Cal. ) 

"I've  broken  my  leg,"  explained  Wendell 

Holmes  Teat,  fifty-three,  when  pohce  found 

him  lying  in  the  street.    He  was  rushed  to 

Physicians  and  Surgeons  Hospital,  but  when 

the    doctors    examined    him   they   withdrew 

from  the  case  and  called  a  carpenter.   Pohce 

said  Mr.  Teat  forgot  to  mention  that  the  leg 

was  wooden. 


31 /■••■■  -siEEEB-j  ©  1949 Carl  ^ta/^^wiTz 

'I  trust  you  won't  try  to  curry  favor 
with  some  cheap,  non-union  made 
trinkets!" 


THE    LOCKER 

By  JOHN   HART,  Local  Union  366,   New   York,   N.  Y. 


A  written  test  for  the  position  of  city  carpenter  held  recently  in  New  York  consisted  of 

200  true  or  false  Questions.  50  of  these  are  submitted  as  a  fairly  stiff  workout  for  our 
apprentices.  Score  2  points  for  each  one  right.  Total  points  is  the  percentage.  Answers  on 
page  33.  The  more  experienced  carpenter  should  sit  this  one  out  and  wait  for  the  next 
issue.    If  he  insists  on  playing,  then  he  should  shoot  for  100. 

True  or 
False 

1.  A  butt  gauge  is  a  tool  used  in  hanging  interior  or  exterior  doors 

2.  A  skillsaw  (sic)  is  commonly  used  in  constructing  frame  buildings 

3.  A  back  band  is  part  of  a  door  casing 

4.  A  battened  door  has  no  panels 

5.  Spruce  wood  is  non-resinous 

6.  When  setting  a  cross  cut  saw  the  whole  tooth  should  be  bent 

7.  Sash  lifts  help  to  balance  a  double-hung  sash 

8.  A  miter  box  is  used  to  cut  cin-ves  of  different  radii 

9.  A  strap  hinge  and  a  T  hinge  are  the  same 

10.  A  twelve  penny  common  nail  is  3%  inches  long 

11.  Bridging  can  be  made  from  wood  or  metal 

12.  Headers  run  parallel  to  floor  joists 

13.  The  pitli  of  a  tree  has  no  structural  value 

14.  Dowels  are  used  in  edge  joints  to  strengtlnen  them 

15.  A  butt  joint  is  no  more  difficult  to  make  than  a  rabbeted  joint 

16.  The  stile  is  the  horizontal  member  of  a  door  frame 

17.  The  bottom  rail  of  a  door  is  usually  made  wider  than  the  upper 

18.  A  transom  is  a  sash  over  a  door  or  window 

19.  Sub  flooring  and  rough  flooring  are  the  same 

20.  A  number  13  auger  bit  will  drill  a  %-inch  hole 

21.  A  nosing  is  a  term  used  in  stair  building 

22.  An  octagon  is  a  seven-sided  figure 

23.  A  cleat  is  a  piece  of  wood  used  to  hold  2  or  more  pieces  of  wood  together 

24.  The  standard  lengtli  of  wood  lath  is  4  feet 

25.  Floor  joists  embedded  in  brick  walls  should  be  cut  on  a  bevel 

26.  End  grain  holds  nails  better  than  edge  grain 

27.  Herring  bone  is  a  design  for  flooring 

28.  A'pilaster  and  a  column  are  the  same 

29.  A  waler  is  a  member  usually  found  in  brace  frame  construction 

30.  A  lintel  is  the  head  member  of  a  double-hung  window 

31.  A  round  head  screw  requires  no  countersinking 

32.  Crown  is  a  term  used  in  setting  floor  joists 

33.  White  pine  comes  from  a  broad  leaf  tree 

34.  Carriage  bolts  are  bolts  witli  square  heads 

35.  Braced  framing  is  structurally  stronger  tlian  balloon  framing 

36.  Floor  beams  are  set  with  tlie  hollow  edge  up : 

37.  Batter  boards  are  supports  in  a  roof  truss 

38.  The  motion  of  a  band  saw  is  continuous  in  one  direction 

39.  The  horizontal  division  between  a  double-hung  window  is  a  mulhon 

40.  A  lolly  (sic)  colmnn  is  a  wooden  post 

41.  An  astragal  is  used  on  a  double-hung  window 

42.  The  first  layer  of  wood  over  the  rough  frame  is  known  as  sheathing 

43.  Maple  and  beech  have  similar  tex-ture 

44.  A  bay  window  is  a  projection  on  a  roof  top . 

45.  A  water  level  is  sometimes  used  by  carpenters 

46.  Sheathing  boards  are  usually  made  from  white  pine  limiber 

47.  The  table  of  a  band  saw  is  in  two  parts 

48.  A  soffit  is  part  of  a  roof  cornice 

49.  Hip  rafters  extend  from  ridge  to  plate 

50.  Grounds  are  used  at  rough  openings  as  a  guide  for  plastering 

Apprentice  rating:    70  to  80,  ver>'  good.    Over  80,  excellent.    Over  90,  superlative. 


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 


Qbnbeal  Office  :  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


General  President 

WM.   L.   HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


First  General  Vice-President 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'    Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


Acting  Secretary 

ALBERT   E.    FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN   R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Treasurer 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Executive  Board 


First  District,    CHARLES   JOHNSON,   JR. 
Ill  B.  22nd  St.,  New  York  10,  N.   Y. 


Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBERTS 
3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second   District,    O.   WM.    BLAIBK 
933  E.  Magee,  Philadelphia  11,  Pa. 


Sixth   District,   A.   W.   MUIR 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District,  HARRY  SCHWARZER 

1248   Walnut  Ave.,    Cleveland,    O. 


Seventh   District,    ARTHUR   MARTEL 
3560    St.    Lawrence,    Montreal,    Que.,    Can. 


Fourth   District,    ROLAND   ADAMS 
712   West  Palmetto   St.,   Florence,    S.   C. 


WM.   L.   HUTCHESON.   Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 


Notice  to  Recording  Secretaries 

The  quarterly  circular  for  the  months  of  April,  May,  and  June,  1950, 
containing  the  quarterly  password,  has  been  forwarded  to  all  Local  Unions 
of  the  United  Brotherhood.  Recording  Secretaries  not  in  receipt  of  this  cir- 
cular should  notify  Albert  E.  Fischer,  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis, 
Indiana.  «_ — — 

REGULAR  MEETING  OF  GENERAL 

EXECUTIVE  BOARD 

Carpenters'  Home,  Lakeland,  Florida 
February  20,  1950 

Since  the  previous  meeting  of  the  General  Executive  Board  the  following  trade  move- 
ments were  acted  upon: 

October    10,    1949 

San  Francisco,  Calif.,  L.  U.  3141.  (Furniture-Woodworkers)— Movement  for  an  increase 
in  wages  from  $1.20,  $1.32  and  $1.57  to  $1.43,  $1.55  and  $1.80  per  hour,  effective  October 
10,  1949.   Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

October    14,    1949 

New  Smyrna  Beach,  Fla.,  L.  U.  318.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.25 
to  $1.50  per  hour,  effective  December  15,  1949.    Official  stinction  granted. 


20  THE    CARPENTER 

October    2T,    1949 

Watertown,  S.  D..  L.  U.  1690.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 30  to 
SI. 85  per  hour,  effective  October  27,  1949.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Decatur.  111.,  L.  U.  742.  (MiUmen)— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 45 
to  SI. 70  per  horn:,  effective  January-  2,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Athens,  Ala.,  L.  U.  1311.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 25  to  SI. 40  per 
hour,  effective  Januar>'  3,  1930.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Hartford,  Conn.,  L.  U.  1941.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 55  to  SI. 63 
per  hour,  effective  January-  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

November   8,    1949 

Houston,  Texas,  L.  U.  724.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 65  to  SI. 77^2 
per  hour,  effective  November  7,  1949.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

December  19.  1949 
Tiffin,  Ohio,  L.  U.  243.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. SO  to  S2.00  per 

hour,  effective  Januar>'  16,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Westboro.    Mass.,  L.    U.    1459.— Movement  for   an  increase   in   wages  from    SI. 50   to 

S2.02H  per  hour,  effective  Januar\-  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Monahans,  Texas,  L.   U.   1923.— Movement  for   an  increase  in  wages  from   Sl.S7-'-2   to 

S2.25  per  hour,  effective  January'  22,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

December  27,  1949 

Marlboro.  Mass.,  L.  U.  988.- Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 50  to  S2.00 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Johnston  Cit>-,  111.,  L.  U.  1029.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  S1.37^i  to- 
SI. 30  per  hour,  effective  Januarv-  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Hutchinson,  Kans.,  L.  U.  1587.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 73  to 
S2.00  per  hour,  effective  March  1,  1930.    Official  sanction  granted. 

January-  9,    1930 

Dothan,  Ala.,  L.  U.  2223.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 50  to  SI. 75 
per  hour,  effective  Januar>-  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Ottumwa,  Iowa,  L.  U.  767.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI, SO  to  S2.25 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Newion,  N.  J.,  L.  U.  1124.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  S2.00  to  S2.23 
per  hour,  effective  Januar\-  13,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

January-  11,  1950 

New  Milford.  Conn.,  L.  U.  1005.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  S1.25  to 
S2.00  per  hour,  effective  March  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Diilican,  Okla.,  L.  U.  2221.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 75  to  S2.00 
per  hour,  effective  January-  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

January-  19,   1950 

Portland,  Ore.,  L.  U.  1020.  (Shipwrights-Joiners,)— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages 
from  SI. 66  (New  Work)  SI. 75  (Repair  Work)  to  S2.10  per  hour,  effective  March  20,  1950. 
OflBcial  sanction  granted  without  financial  aid. 

JanuaiA"  26,  1950 

Traverse  Cit>",  Mich.,  L.  U.  1461.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 75  to 
S2.00  per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Boulder,  Colo.,  L.  U.  1480.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. SO  to  S2.10 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Woodward,  Okla.,  L.  U.  1894.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 50  to  SI. 75 
per  hour,  effective  March  17,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Seaford.  Dela.,  L.  U.  2012.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  S2.05  to  S2.40  per 
hoTor,  effecti\'e  Januan.^  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Januar\-  31,  1950 

Jacksonville,  111.,  L.  U.  904.  (Millmen''— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.37^ 
to  S1.45  per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950,    Official  sanction  granted. 

Februar>-    7.    1950 

Salem,  Ohio,  L.  U.  1282.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  w-ages  from  SI. 75  to  S2.00 
per  hour,  effective  Februar>'  6,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Februar>-    8,    1950 

S.  Pittsburg,  Tenn.,  L.  U.  1608.- Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 72^2  to 
SI. 90  per  hour,  effective  Febnoarv-  8,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 


THE    CARPENTER  21 

Carpenters'  Home,  Lakeland,  Florida 
February  20,  1950 

The  General  Executive  Board  met  in  regular  session  at  the  Carpenters'  Home,  Lakeland, 
Florida,  on  the  above  date. 

The  report  of  the  Delegate  to  the  Sixty-Fourth  Annual  Convention  of  the  Trades  and 
Labor  Congress  of  Canada,  held  in  the  City  of  Calgary,  Alberta,  during  the  week  of  Sep- 
tember 15,  1949,  was  ordered  filed  for  future  reference  as  it  already  has  been  published  in 
oiu:  official  journal,  "The  Carpenter"  for  the  information  of  our  members. 

Report  of  the  Delegates  to  tlie  Forty-Second  Annual  Convention  of  the  Building  and 
Construction  Trades  Department  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  held  in  St.  Paul, 
Minnesota,  in  September,  1949,  was  filed  for  future  reference  as  it  has  already  been  pub- 
lished in  the  November,  1949,  issue  of  "The  Carpenter"  for  the  information  of  our  members. 

Report  of  the  Delegates  to  tlie  Sixty-Eighth  Annual  Convention  of  the  American  Feder- 
ation of  Labor  held  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  in  October,  1949,  was  filed  for  future  reference 
as  it  has  already  been  published  in  the  December,  1949,  issue  of  "The  Carpenter"  for  the 
information  of  our  members. 

Report  of  the  Delegates  to  the  Forty-First  Annual  Convention  of  the  Union  Label 
Trades  Department  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  held  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  in 
September,  1949,  was  filed  for  future  reference  as  it  has  been  published  in  the  January, 
1950,  issue  of  "The  Carpenter"  for  the  information  of  our  members. 

Renewal  of  burglary  insurance  policy  on  office  furniture,  fixtures  and  equipment  at 
Headquarters,  222  East  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  in  the  amount  of  $10,000 
through  the  United  States  Fidelity  and  Guaranty  Company  of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  expiring 
October  1,  1952,  was  referred  to  our  Legal  Department. 

Renewal  of  Burglary,  Hold-up  and  Robbery  Insurance— $5,000  Interior  hold-up;  $5,000 
Messenger  hold-up,  and  $15,000  Safe  and  burglary  on  safes  in  Headquarters'  Building,  222 
East  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  through  the  United  States  Fidelity  and  Guar- 
anty Company,  Baltimore,  Maryland,  expiring  September  12,  1952,  was  referred  to  our 
Legal  Department. 

Renewal  of  Bond  on  General  Treasurer,  S.  P.  Meadows,  in  tlie  amount  of  $50,000  for 
one  year  expiring  February  1,  1951,  through  the  United  States  Fidelity  and  Guaranty  Com- 
pany of  Baltimore,  Maryland,  was  referred  to  our  Legal  Department. 

The  General  President  appointed  the  following  committee  to  inspect  the  rooms  of  the 
Home: 

Arthur  Martel 
Roland  Adams 
He  also  appointed  the  following  on  the  inspection  of  stocks  and  supplies: 

M.  A.  Hutcheson 
Charles  Johnson,  Jr. 
Balance  of  tlie  members  of  tlie  Board  to  audit  tlie  books  and  accounts  of  the  Home. 
Belleville,  Ont.,  Canada,  L.  U.  572.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.25  to 
$1,50  per  hour,  efPective  March  23,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  witliout  financial  aid. 

Colimibus,  Ind.,  L.  U.  1155.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.65  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Fort  William,  Ont.,  Canada,  L.  U.  1669.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from 
$1.46  to  $1.65  per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted,  \\ithout  finan- 
cial aid. 

Februar>'  21,  1950 

The  General  President  reported  the  action  of  the  Executive  Council  of  tlie  American 
Federation  of  Labor  concerning  the  proposed  reaffiliation  of  the  Machinists'  International 
Union  witli  the  American  Federation  of  Labor— giving  in  detail  all  that  transpired  in- 
cluding his  position  on  the  reaffiHation.  The  General  Executi\e  Board  appro\ed  of  his 
position  by  unanimous  action. 

Request  of  President  Hayes  of  the  International  Association  of  Machinists  for  a  con- 
ference witii  the  Brotherhood  was  placed  before  die  General  Executive  Board  by  the 
General  President  and  was  considered.  M.  A.  Hutcheson,  First  General  \'ice-President, 
O.  Wm.  Blaier,  Board  Member  of  the  Second  District  and  Harry  Schwarzer,  Third  Dis- 


22  THECARPENTEK 

trict,  were  appointed  as  Committee  to  confer  with  Committee  of  the  International  Associa- 
tion of  Machinists. 

Resolutions  from  Local  Union  106,  Des  Moines,  Iowa  and  Local  Union  218,  Boston, 
Massachusetts,  endorsed  by  several  Local  Unions  of  tlie  Brotlierhood,  were  brought  to 
the  attention  of  tlie  Board,  likewise  amendments  to  tlie  General  Constitution,  submitted 
by  Local  LInion  854,  Cincinnati,  Ohio  and  Local  Union  132,  Washington,  D.  C,  were 
considered. 

It  was  decided  tliat  these  Local  Unions  be  notified  tliat  the  suggested  changes  to  tlie 
General  Constitution  were  considered  by  tlie  General  Executive  Board  and  tliat  same  A^all 
be  referred  to  the  Constitution  Committee  who  will  report  to  the  next  General  Conven- 
tion. 

It  was  further  decided  tliat  all  proposed  amendments  to  the  General  Constitution  will 
be  published  in  our  journal,  "The  Carpenter"  after  tlie  Juh'  15tli  date  preceding  tlie  Con- 
vention. 

It  was  suggested  that  inasmuch  as  se^•eral  Local  Unions  are  desirous  of  a  change  being 
made  in  our  General  Constitution  in  reference  to  tlie  pension,  tliat  a  committee  of  the 
Board  be  appointed  to  work  out  something  understandable  and  comprehensive  and  report 
to  the  next  General  Convention  tlieir  recommendations. 

The  General  President  stated,  tliere  being  no  objections  the  minutes  will  show  that  at 
this  meeting  of  the  Board  a  committee  of  tlie  Board  was  selected  to  make  a  sur\'ey  of  tlie 
situation  as  affecting  payment  of  tlie  pension  and  compile  a  report  to  be  submitted  to  the 
next  General  Convention. 

Board  Members  Charles  Johnson,  Jr.,  O.  \Ym.  Blaier.  of  tlie  First  and  Second  Districts 
respectively,  were  appointed  as  a  Committee  to  work  in  conjunction  witli  M.  A.  Hutclie- 
son.  First  General  Vice-President. 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  L.  U.  79.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  S2.10  to  S2.35 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Point  Pleasant,  W.  Va.,  L.  U.  1159.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00 
to  $2.25  (Carpenters)  and  $2.12y2  to  $2.37V2  (Millwrights  and  Pile  Drivers)  per  hour,  effec- 
tive April  1,  1950.   Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

February  22,  1950 

A  Protest  from  Local  Union  80,  Chicago,  Illinois  against  the  decision  of  the  Chairman 
of  the  Chicago  District  Council  in  declaring  tlie  proposition  of  increasing  tlie  per  capita 
tax  payable  to  tlie  District  Council  from  10c  to  20c  per  member  per  month  as  being 
carried  was  read.  The  reply  by  the  General  President,  dated  December  1,  1949,  wherein 
he  conc^urred  in  the  action  taken  by  tlie  District  Council  was  also  read.  A  motion  pre- 
vailed that  the  action  of  tlie  General  President  be  sustained.    Unanimously  carried. 

Resolution  from  Twin  Cit\'  Carpenters  District  Council,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota  dealing 
N^-itli  the  lOOtli  anniversary  of  tlie  birth  of  Samuel  Gompers,  and  also  the  late  Franklin 
D.  Roose\-elt,  witli  the  suggestion  tliat  their  names  be  inscribed  in  tlie  Hall  of  Fame. 

The  Board  concurred  in  said  resolution. 

The  Board's  attention  was  called  to  tlie  membership  application  of  Walter  E.  Wiggins 
to  Local  Union  1867,  Regina,  Saskatchewan,  Canada  wherein  he  answered  in  tlie  aflfirma- 
tive  to  the  questions,  "Are  you  a  Communist?"  and  also,  "Are  you  in  s>-nipatli>-  with  com- 
munistic philosophy?" 

Reply  of  Local  Union  1867  to  an  inquir\-  regarding  this  was  read  wherein  tliey  stated 
this  seemed  to  be  correct. 

On  January  26,  1950,  Second  General  \'ice-President,  John  R.  Stevenson  repHed  to 
Local  Union  1867  directing  tliem  to  strike  the  name  of  ^\"alter  E.  Wiggins  from  the  mem- 
bership list  of  Local  Union  1867. 

Motion  prevailed  that  the  letter  written  by  tlie  Second  General  Vice-President  be 
approved.    Carried  unanimously. 

A  communication  from  Local  Union  1073,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania  soliciting  finan- 
cial and  moral  assistance  for  the  Histadrut  was  presented  to  tlie  Board,  and  after  dis- 
cussion it  was  moved  and  carried  that  tlie  matter  be  left  in  tlie  hands  of  the  General 
President.    Carried. 

Communication  from  Harr,-  F.  Morton  of  Kaiser  Engineers,  Division  of  Kaiser  Indus- 
tries Incorporated,  Oakland,  California,  enclosing  a  copy  of  proposed  international  agree- 


THE    CARPENTER  23 

ment  was  read.  After  due  consideration,  the  Board  came  to  the  conclusion  tliat  our  pres- 
ent international  agreement  which  has  been  in  existence  for  many  years  has  proven  very 
satisfactory  to  the  employers  who  are  signatory  to  the  agreement.  The  Board  decided  there 
would  be  no  change  in  our  international  agreement  and  any  construction  emplo>-er  desiring 
an  international  agreement  would  be  required  to  sign  the  present  agreement. 

Haverhill,  Mass.,  L.  U.  82.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  Si. 75  to  .$2.00 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Bozeman,  Montana,  L.  U.  557.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.80  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Claries  Summit,  Pa.,  L.  U.  339.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  S1.50  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effecti^■e  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Glasgow,  Mont.,  L.  U.  1211.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1..50  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Monmouth,  111.,  L.  U.  126.5.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Elyria,  Ohio,  L.  U.  1426.— Mo\ement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.25  to  S2.50  per 
hour,  effecti\e  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

February  23,   1950 

Appeal  of  Lloyd  Raduenz,  Ervin  Raduenz  and  Wilbur  Raduenz,  members  of  Local 
Union  2144,  Los  Angeles,  California,  against  tlie  decision  of  the  General  President  in  their 
case  versus  the  Los  Angeles  District  Council,  Los  Angeles,  California,  was  brought  to  the 
attention  of  the  Board  and  carefully  considered,  after  which  the  decision  of  the  General 
President  was  sustained  unanimously,  on  the  grounds  set  forth  therein,  and  the  appeal 
dismissed. 

Appeal  of  Frank  A.  Callioun,  a  member  of  Local  Union  1849,  Pasco,  W'^ashington, 
against  the  decision  of  the  General  President  in  his  case  versus  the  Portland  District  Coun- 
cil, Portland,  Oregon,  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Board  and  carefully  considered 
after  which  the  decision  of  the  General  President  was  sustained  unanimousl}^,  on  the  grounds 
set  forth  therein,  and  the  appeal  dismissed. 

Appeal  of  Lloyd  Westlake,  a  member  of  Local  Union  25,  Los  Angeles,  California, 
against  the  decision  of  the  General  President  in  the  case  of  he,  Lloyd  Westlake  versus 
Los  Angeles  District  Council  was  carefully  considered,  after  which  the  decision  of  tlie 
General  President  was  sustained,  and  the  appeal  dismissed. 

Communication  from  Pacific  Coast  Coimcil  of  Pile  Drivers,  Bridge,  Dock  and  Wharf 
Builders,  San  Francisco,  California  requesting  a  charter  for  the  Council  abo\e  named  was 
read. 

Under  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution,  the  granting  of  charters  comes  under  direc- 
tion of  tlie  General  President,  and,  therefore,  the  General  Executive  Board  referred  same 
to  the  General  President  for  disposition. 

A  petition  of  millwrights  in  area  of  tlie  Falls  Cities  District  Council,  Louisville,  Ken- 
tucky, protesting  the  denial  of  a  millwright  charter  by  the  First  General  Mce-President  was 
presented  to  tlie  Board. 

A  motion  prevailed  to  sustain  the  action  of  tlie  First  General  Vice-President. 

A  communication,  dated  December  28,  1949,  by  the  Local  Union  638,  Morristown, 
New  Jersey  was  submitted  to  the  Board  wherein  they  requested  restoration  of  their  former 
jurisdictional  territory. 

The  Board  decided  they  could  see  no  reason  why  they  should  change  tiieir  previous 
action  in  sustaining  the  jurisdictional  lines  of  Local  Union  638  as  defined  by  tiie  General 
President. 

Audit  of  books  and  accounts  commenced. 

February  24,  1950 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  1980,  Atchison,  Kansas,  from  the  decision  of  tlie  General  Treas- 
urer in  disapproving  the  disability  claim  of  Fred  B.  Clark,  a  member  of  said  Local  Union, 
was  considered  and  the  decision  of  the  General  Treasurer  was  unanimously  sustained. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  94,  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  from  die  decision  of  the  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  claim  of  Brother  Joseph  Melancon  for  wife  funeral  dona- 
tion was  considered,  after  which  a  motion  prevailed  that  the  claim  be  referred  back  to 
tlie  General  Treasurer  for  further  investigation.    Unanimously  carried. 

(Continued  on  page  27) 


Editorial 


Increasing  Productivity  Is  Shrinking  Jobs 

Currently  most  newspapers  and  radio  commentators  are  lambasting  the 
government  over  the  surplus  fann  commodity  situation.  They  are  giving  the 
administi-ation  both  barrels  over  the  fact  that  millions  of  bushels  of  potatoes 
are  being  ruined  with  kerosene  and  millions  of  dozens  of  eggs  and  tons  of 
butter  and  cheese  are  being  allowed  to  spoil  naturally  in  government  ware- 
houses and  caves.  The  government  paid  out  good  tax  money  to  buy  these 
farm  items  so  that  high  prices  could  be  maintained.  Now  there  seems  to  be 
nothing  to  do  with  them  other  than  to  let  them  spoil. 

That  people  should  be  alarmed  over  such  a  situation  is  only  natural.  How- 
ever, as  we  see  it,  farm  surplus  is  only  one  phase  of  a  huge,  overall  problem 
that  needs  solving  in  short  order.  The  big  problem  is  increasing  productivity. 
On  the  farm  and  in  the  city,  higher  productivity  is  creating  a  situation  that 
can  and  will  mean  trouble  eventually  unless  fast  action  is  forthcoming.  Dur- 
ing 1949,  output  of  goods  and  services  in  the  United  States  amounted  to 
nearly  260  billion  dollars.  Roughly  that  figure  was  about  the  same  as  the 
figure  for  1948.  The  catch  is  that  it  took  three  per  cent  fewer  workers  in 
1949  to  produce  the  same  amount  of  goods  and  services  that  was  turned  out  in 
1948.  In  other  words,  three  workers  out  of  a  hundred  were  fighting  unem- 
ployment lines  in  1949  while  the  other  ninety-seven  were  turning  out  the  same 
amount  of  goods  100  workers  turned  out  in  1948.  The  upward  trend  in  pro- 
ducti\dt>'  is  as  noticeable  on  the  fann  as  it  is  in  the  factor>^  Ever  since  1947 
the  nymber  of  workers  on  our  farms  has  been  dwindling,  yet  total  produc- 
tion has  been  increasing  slightly. 

Unemployment  figures  tell  the  story  more  graphically  than  any  other  thing. 
In  February,  the  total  number  of  unemployed  climbed  to  4,700.000,  the  high- 
est figure  since  the  start  of  the  war;  this  despite  the  fact  that  the  nation  was 
still  enjoying  a  comparative  boom.  A  substantial  part  of  this  unemployment 
must  be  charged  to  increased  productivity.  Labor-saving  devices  have  been 
going  into  business  at  a  brisk  clip.  These  machines  are  now  showing  a  marked 
influence  on  unemployment  figures  as  fewer  men  or  less  time  are  needed  to 
turn  out  goods  or  services.  An  expert  estimates  that  higher  productivit}'  threw 
a  minimum  of  three  quarters  of  a  milhon  workers  on  to  the  unemployed  roles 
during  the  last  year.  During  the  same  time,  some  600,000  new  workers  entered 
the  labor  market.  Added  together,  these  two  groups  accounted  for  a  sub- 
stantial percentage  of  the  million  and  a  half  increase  in  unemployed. 

The  picture  is  not  to  pretty.  Yet  it  has  its  brighter  side  too.  The  number 
of  men  and  women  working  is  still  at  the  highest  point  it  has  ever  been  for 
any  year  in  our  history  except  a  couple  of  the  extraordinary  war  years.  Sav- 
ings are  still  high.  The  accumulated  backlog  of  demand  for  goods  of  all  kinds 
is  still  strong.  Most  lines  of  business  are  thriving.  Prospects  for  continued 
good  times  seem  encouraging.   If  it  were  not  for  the  problem  of  shrinking  em- 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

ployment  opportunities  brought  about  by  higher  productivity  there  would  be 
hardly  a  cloud  on  the  horizon. 

However,  each  year  some  600,000  young  men  and  women  enter  the  labor 
market  in  search  of  their  first  jobs.  If  industry  cannot  find  jobs  for  these  new 
recruits;  or  worse,  if  industry  already  has  on  its  hands  large  numbers  of  sea- 
soned workers  whose  jobs  have  been  wiped  out  by  higher  productivity,  a 
critical  situation  is  bound  to  arise  sooner  or  later. 

Yet  basically  high  productivity  is  nothing  to  fear.  As  a  matter  of  fact  it 
is  and  always  has  been  a  major  objective  in  American  industry.  Higher  pro- 
ductivit}^  to  a  great  degree  accounts  for  the  great  standard  of  living  achieved 
by  the  American  people.  More  and  better  goods  at  a  cheaper  price  mean 
better  living  for  everybody.  But  increased  productivity  must  be  balanced  off 
by  better  wages,  which  in  turn  mean  greater  purchasing  power;  shorter  hours; 
and  cheaper  prices.  These  are  the  three  things  which  must  be  brought  to 
bear  on  the  present  unhappy  situation  wherein  productivity  is  leading  to  un- 
employment. Lower  prices  can  increase  the  demand  for  all  kinds  of  goods. 
Higher  wages  can  increase  purchasing  power.  Shorter  hours  can  increase  the 
number  of  jobs.  Will  industry  recognize  the  need  for  these  reforms?  Possibly. 
Some  magazines  and  writers  are  already  warning  industry  that  trouble  lies 
ahead  if  job  opportunities  are  not  kept  in  line  with  demand.  Let  us  hope 
their  warnings  are  heeded. 


Re-Assay  the  Federal  Tax  Structure 

Speaking  through  an  organization  known  as  the  National  Committee  for 
Repeal  of  Wartime  Excise  Taxes,  a  group  of  representative  business  men  have 
asked  Congress  to  cut  present  excise  taxes  by  three  billion  dollars. 

Actually,  what  should  be  done  is  to  cut  out  all  excise  and  sales  taxes- 
period.  This  is  because  they  are  "upside-down"  taxes,  and  as  such  are  inequit- 
able and  diametrically  opposed  to  the  principle  of  ability  to  pay.  Like  rain, 
excise  and  sales  taxes  fall  on  all  alike,  rich,  poor  and  middle  class.  Where  they 
cover  daily  necessities,  rather  than  definite  luxuries,  such  as  food,  clothing, 
amusements,  tobacco  and  liquors  used  by  many  millions  of  people,  they  are 
grossly  unfair  because  they  take  a  much  larger  proportionate  bite  into  the  poor 
man's  wage  than  into  the  rich  man's  income.  A  rich  man  may  only  spend  five 
per  cent  of  his  income  for  food,  while  the  poor  man  pays  out  50  per  cent  or 
better. 

We  believe  that  the  federal  government  should  derive  the  bulk  of  its 
revenues  from  graduated  taxes  on  business  profits,  personal  incomes,  gifts  and 
inheritances,  and  capital  gains.  That  is  the  fair  way  to  levy  taxes! 

The  81st  Congress  has  no  excuse  whatever  for  refusing  to  plug  up  many 
and  large  loopholes  in  the  present  laws  whereby  corporations  in  some  indus- 
tries and  the  ultra-rich  escape  paying  a  fair  and  proportionate  tax  on  their 
earnings  and  incomes.  Along  with  these  overdue  adjustments,  Congress  should 
give  the  tax  collection  agencies  the  facilities  and  manpower  to  collect  tliese 
taxes  and  vigorously  hunt  down  tax  dodgers. 


26  THE    CARPENTER 

The  time  has  come  to  re-assay  the  entire  federal  tax  structure.  It  must 
have  the  double  purpose  of  eliminating  inequalities,  devising  fair  methods  for 
distributing  the  tax  load,  and  make  these  le\"ies  easier  to  collect  and  as  diflBcult 
as  possible  to  evade. 

But  at  the  same  time  nothing  should  be  left  undone  to  reorganize  the  agen- 
cies and  functions  of  the  federal  government  to  gi^"e  us  most  efficient  and  eco- 
nomical operation. 

It  would  be  well  for  Congress  to  press  for  this  tax  study  at  the  earliest  pos- 
sible time.  The  present  cumbersome  and  inequitable  tax  system  is  a  sword 
of  Damocles  hanging  o\"er  our  present  economy.— St.  Louis  Labor  Tribune. 


The  Time  Is  Past  Due 


^^^len  the  coal  operators  and  the  United  Mine  Workers  reached  an  agree- 
ment last  month,  one  of  the  bitterest  strikes  of  recent  years  was  brought  to  a 
close.  There  ha\"e  been  longer  strikes,  and  there  have  been  strikes  involving 
more  men,  but  there  has  never  been  a  strike  in  which  more  organized  vitupera- 
tion and  abuse  were  heaped  on  a  group  of  working  men.  The  press  and  the 
radio  pulled  out  all  the  stops  in  damning  Lewis  and  the  miners.  Economic 
breakdown,  hunger,  pestilence,  and  chaos  were  all  things  that  the  papers  saw 
as  more  than  imminent  if  the  strike  was  not  checked  by  cossack  methods. 
Toda)-  the  strike  has  been  over  only  a  few  weeks.  All  the  hysteria  the  news- 
papers whipped  up  o\'er  the  imminent  doom  that  the  strike  supposedly  pre- 
saged is  forgotten.  A  simple  settlement  was  worked  out  betvveen  the  operators 
and  the  miners,  a  settlement  that  could  have  been  worked  out  months  sooner 
had  not  the  operators  pinned  their  hopes  on  the  Taft-Hartley  Law. 

It  was  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  which  precipitated  the  strike  in  the  first  place. 
The  Taft-Hartley  Law  pre^■ented  normal  collective  bargaining  during  the 
strike  and  delayed  the  settlement  that  was  finally  reached.  For  months  before 
the  strike  the  mine  owners  climbed  on  their  high  horse  and  made  no  effort  to 
bargain  seriously  and  honestly  on  the  issues  presented  by  the  Miners.  They 
placed  all  their  hopes  on  the  Taft-Hartle\'  Law.  A  pliant  judge  could  slap 
some  mean  injunctions  on  the  union  in  case  of  a  strike.  Within  the  Law  were 
vehicles  for  emptying  union  treasuries  and  even  sending  union  leaders  to  jail 
in  case  of  a  protracted  strike.   No  wonder  the  owners  felt  secure. 

But  they  overlooked  the  tenacity  of  the  miners.  The  strike  came  and  the 
miners  hung  together.  Neither  threats  nor  sweet  promises  could  budge  them. 
Wlien  it  became  apparent  to  the  owmers  that  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  was  not 
going  to  tear  the  union  asunder,  a  settlement  was  soon  reached.  The  strike 
and  its  settlement  ha^•e  dramatically  pro^■ed  what  labor  has  always  contended; 
namely,  that  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  does  not  pre\ent  strikes;  it  provokes  them. 
Instead  of  halting  strikes  it  prolongs  them.  Any  way  you  look  at  it,  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Law  has  proved  itself  to  be  as  stupid  as  it  is  \dcious.  The  time  for 
erasing  it  from  the  statute  books  is  long  past  due. 


THE    CARPENTER  27 

(Continued  from  page  23) 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  1804,  Moose  Jaw,  Saskatchewan,  Canada  from  the  decision  of 
the  General  Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  claim  for  funeral  donation  of  William  Henderson 
Lemon  for  the  reason  that  he  was  not  in  benefit  standing  at  the  time  of  death  was  con- 
sidered, after  which  a  motion  prevailed  that  the  action  of  the  General  Treasurer  be  sus- 
tained, which  carried  unanimously. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  393,  Camden,  New  Jersey  from  the  decision  of  the  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  claim  for  funeral  donation  of  Albert  M.  Hanum  was  con- 
sidered. It  was  decided  that  the  claim  be  referred  back  to  the  General  Treasurer  for 
further  investigation. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  43,  Hartford,  Connecticut,  from  the  decision  of  the  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  death  claim  of  Thomas  C.  LeBlanc,  a  member  of  said  Local 
Union,  was  referred  back  to  the  General  Treasurer. 

Audit  of  books  and  accounts  continued. 

February  25,  1950 

The  General  Executive  Board,  the  various  officers  and  Business  Representatives  of  the 
Florida  State  Council  of  carpenters  met  jointly  at  the  New  Florida  Hotel,  Lakeland, 
Florida,  to  commemorate  the  100th  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Samuel  Gompers,  first  Presi- 
dent of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor. 

Frank  Duffy,  Secretary  Emeritus,  who  was  the  principal  speaker,  pointed  out  the 
struggle  of  the  early  days  of  the  Federation;  he  having  served  as  a  delegate  to  the  A.  F. 
of  L.  conventions  for  47  consecutive  years. 

He  also  mentioned  General  President  Hutcheson  had  attended  for  35  consecutive  years. 

Brief  addresses  were  also  given  by  the  members  of  the  General  Executive  Board. 

February  27,  1950 
Since  the  last  meeting  of  the  General  Executive  Board,  correspondence  was  exchanged 
between  representatives  of  former  Local  Union  634  and  the  General  Office,  which  we  here- 
with quote: 

NIGHT  LETTER 

January  13,  1950 
Wm.  L.  Hutcheson 
Dear  Sir  and  Brother: 

On  Wednesday,  January  lltli,  Local  634  passed  a  motion  empowering  its  Executive 
Board  to  negotiate  a  settlement  with  the  General  Office.  We  contacted  Brothers  Muir  and 
Lehman  and  offered  to  settle  on  the  terms  presented  by  the  General  Executive  Board  at 
the  Chicago  meeting.  Brothers  Muir  and  Lehman  refused  to  discuss  it  witli  us.  We  are 
sending  you  this  communication  to  urge  that  you  instruct  representatives  to  meet  with  us 
to  immediately  settle  the  matter  of  Local  634. 

Lester  J.  McCormick 
For  the  Executive  Board 

January  17,  1950 
Lester  J.  McCormick 

The  General  Executive  Board  will  convene  in  Lakeland,  Florida  February  22nd.  If 
you  wish  to  send  a  committee  with  full  power  to  act  the  Board  will  give  you  a  hearing  at 
that  time. 

M.  A.  Hutcheson 

For  the  General  President 

January  23,  1950 
Mr.  Wilham  L.  Hutcheson 
General  President 
;  U.  B.  C.  and  J.  of  A. 
Carpenters  Building 
222  East  Michigan  Street 
Indianapolis,  Indiana 
'Dear  Sir  and  Brother: 

We  are  confident  the  controversy  between  Local  634   and  the   Brotlierhood   can   be 

|) settled  out  of  Court  on  February  22nd  to  the  mutual  satisfaction  of  all  parties  concerned. 

Therefore,  we  are  again  requesting  that  you  act  favorably  on  the  recommendation  of 

your  Los  Angeles  Attorney  in  regards  to  a  continuance  of  the  pending  litigation,  and  release 

of  enough  funds  tliat  are  now  held  up  by  restraining  order,  to  enable  tlie  committee  from 


28  THE    CARPENTER 

Local  634  to  make  the  trip  to  Lakeland,  Florida  to  meet  with  the  General  Executive  Board 
on  February  22,  1950. 

Fraternally  yours, 
/s/     Lester  J.  McCormick 

For  the  Committee 

January  30,  1950 
Lester  J.  McCormick 
7315  S.  San  Pedro  St. 
Los  Angeles,  California 

Your  communication  of  the  twenty-third  ult.  has  been  fonvarded  to  me  here  in  Miami 
where  I  am  at  the  present  time  attending  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Council  of  the 
American  Federation  of  Labor.  Inasmuch  as  you  and  yoiur  associates  was  responsible  for 
filing  the  pending  litigation  that  you  are  desirous  of  having  postponed  would  say  that  you 
could  easily  have  that  done  by  filing  a  dismissal  and  make  your  arrangements  to  appear 
before  the  General  Executive  Board. 
WLHG  Wm.  L.  Hutcheson 

M.  A.  Hutcheson 
New  Florida  Hotel 
Lakeland,  Florida 

The  committee  from  Local  634  will  arrive  in  time  to  meet  the  General  Executive  Board, 
nine  A.  M.,  Wednesday,  February  22nd. 

L.  J.  McCormick 

For  the  Committee 

Carpenters'    Home,    Lakeland,    Florida 
On  February  23,  1950,  Lester  J.  McCormick,  James  T.  Allen  and  Thomas  Bankhead, 

all  of  Los  Angeles,  California,  appeared  before  the  General  Executive  Board  and  oflFered 

purported  credentials,  with  power  to  act,  as  delegates  elected  by  purported  members  of 

fonner  Local  Union  No.  634. 

Upon  suggestion  of  the  General  President  that  they  state  their  questions  or  proposals  i 

in  writing  the  aforementioned  retired  and  submitted  the  following:  i 

"These  are  supplementary  questions  the  Committee  would  like  the 
Board  to  consider  in  conjunction  with  the  ten  points  of  the  Chicago 
meeting. 

The  membership  of  Local  634  feels  very  strongly  about  points  No. 
►         1  &  2.   And  we  wish  tlie  Board  would  consider  them  favorably. 

1.  Elections  of  officers.  We  would  like  for  the  Board  to  consider  for  us 
to  nominate  and  elect  our  own  officers  in  an  election  under  the  Con- 
stitution. 

2.  There  would  be  no  reprisals  against  any  member  of  Local  634  for 
anything  that  has  happened  during  this  controversy  or  anything  that 
may  come  up  later  because  of  it. 

3.  All  court  cases  to  be  dismissed,  both  parties  paying  their  own  costs. 

4.  In  the  event  of  an  amalgamation,  on  what  basis  would  the  Board  con- 
sider it." 

The  General  Executive  Board,  having  considered  the  above  requests,  finds  that  ample 
opportunity  has  been  granted  heretofore  to  said  former  Local  Union  No.  634  to  retain 
membership  in  the  United  Brotherhood  by  complying  with  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of 
the  Brotlierhood,  and  tliat  no  favorable  consideration  can  be  given  to  any  oral  or  written 
requests  presented  by  its  alleged  representatives. 

The  General  Executive  Board  has  heretofore  endeavored  to  avoid  working  any  hard- 
ship on  former  members  of  former  Local  Union  634  who  desired  to  remain  loyal  to  the 
Brotherhood  by  granting  them  tiie  privilege  of  retaining  their  status  with  the  Brotherhood. 
A  large  majority  of  the  members  of  former  Local  Union  634  has  made  application  and 
received  clearance  cards. 

The  General  Executive  Board  has  decided  to  extend  tliis  privilege  to  tliose  who  have 
not  as  yet  obtained  dieir  clearance  cards,  and  who  are  desirous  of  maintaining  membership 
in  tlie  Brotherhood. 


THE    CARPENTER  29 

This  privilege  is  extended  to  March  31,  1950  for  apphcations  to  be  filed  with  the 
General  President  who  is  hereby  granted  full  discretionary  power  to  act  favorably,  or  other- 
wise, as  he  deems  advisable,  on  each  application. 

Edmonton,  Alta.,  Canada,  L.  U.  1325.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1. 47^/2 
to  $1.55  per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  L.  U.  133.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.10  to  $2.35 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Concord,  N.  H.,  L.  U.  538.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.65  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Columbia,  Mo.,  L.  U.  1925.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.87%  to$2.00 
per  hour,  effective  April  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Dyersburg,  Tenn.,  L.  U.  2373.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.25  to 
$1.50  per  hour,  effective  March  16,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Audit  of  books  and  accounts  continued. 

February  28,  1950 

Appeal  of  Charles  J.  Bercher,  a  member  of  Local  Union  228,  Pottsville,  Pennsylvania, 
from  the  decision  of  tlie  General  Treasurer,  on  his  claim  for  disability  donation  was  care- 
fully considered.  It  was  decided  that  Local  Union  228  be  notified  that  the  appeal  was 
given  consideration  and  due  to  extenuating  circumstances  set  forth  in  the  correspondence 
that  the  claim  be  referred  back  to  the  General  Treasurer  to  hold  in  abeyance  to  see  what 
develops,  and  see  whether  the  prospective  operation  will  be  beneficial  or  not,  or  at  some 
time  in  the  future  he  will  be  totally  disabled. 

Appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  General  Treasurer  in  the  claim  of  Morris  Tauber, 
deceased,  of  Local  Union  608,  New  York  City,  in  allowing  an  amount  of  $150.00  per 
Section  49-D  of  our  General  Constitution  as  tlie  decedent  was  over  fifty  years  of  age  when 
initiated.  A  motion  prevailed  that  the  action  of  the  General  Treasurer  be  sustained  and 
tlie  appeal  dismissed. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  956,  New  York,  New  York,  from  the  decision  of  the  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  disability  claim  of  Anthony  Tramintano,  a  member  of  said 
Local  Union,  was  after  due  consideration  referred  back  to  tlie  General  Treasurer  for  further 
information;  particularly  as  to  when  the  applicant  for  disability  first  received  medical 
attention,  and  what  has  been  done  since  that  time. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  1920,  Mineral  Wells,  Texas,  from  the  decision  of  the  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  claim  for  funeral  donation  of  the  late  W.  R.  Craig  for  tlie 
reason  he  was  not  in  benefit  standing  at  the  time  of  death,  was  considered  and  the  action  of 
the  General  Treasurer  was  sustained. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  195,  Peru,  Illinois,  from  the  decision  of  the  General  Treasurer 
in  disapproving  the  claim  for  funeral  donation  of  Margaret  Hocking,  wife  of  Lewis  Hock- 
ing, a  member  of  said  Local  Union,  for  the  reason  that  he  was  not  in  benefit  standing  at 
tlie  time  of  her  death,  was  considered  and  the  decision  of  the  General  Treasurer  sustained. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  534,  Burlington,  Iowa,  from  the  decision  of  the  General  Treas- 
urer in  disapproving  the  claim  for  funeral  donations  of  Fred  Roxlau  for  die  reason  tliat  he 
was  not  in  benefit  standing  at  the  time  of  death  was  carefully  considered,  after  which  a 
motion  prevailed  that  the  action  of  the  General  Treasurer  be  sustained. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  2808,  Areata,  California,  from  tlie  decision  of  tlie  General 
Treasurer  in  allowing  the  amount  of  $150.00  in  the  case  of  Laniour  Wm.  Ewell  for  funeral 
donations  was  considered.  A  motion  prevailed  that  tiie  action  of  the  General  Treasurer 
be  sustained.    Unanimously  carried. 

Kane,  Pa.,  L.  U.  545.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.37y2  to  $1.75  per 
hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Nashville,  Tenn.,  L.  U.  507.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.80  to  $2.10 
per  hour,  effective  June  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Sterling,  111.,  L.  U.  695.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Davenport,  la.,  L.  U.  726.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.30  to  $1.45 
per  hour,  effective  May  19,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  witliout  financial  aid. 


30  THE    CARPENTER 

Muscatine,  la.,  L.  U.  1069.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

March  1,  1950 
A  telegram  from  Harry  C.  Herman,  representing  the  Radio  Corporation  of  America 
was  read  in  protest  to  the  additional  excise  tax  of  10%  on  all  television  sets  and  solicit 
the  General  Executive  Board  to  adopt  a  resolution  to  support  their  protest.  After  duly 
considering  same  the  Board  concurred  in  their  protest  and  resolution  was  drafted,  which 
reads  as  follows: 

WHEREAS,  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  saw  fit  to  impose  heavy 

excise  taxes  on  many  commodities  during  the  ^var  as  a  means 
of  raising  revenue  and  discouraging  the  purchase  of  non- 
essential items,  and 

WHEREAS,  such  a  tax  may  have   served  a  useful  purpose  during  the 

war,  and 

WHEREAS,  now  that  tlie  war  is  over  such  burdensome  taxes  work  a  real 

hardship  in  many  ways  by  reducing  pin-chasing  power, 
handicapping  struggling  new  industries,  reducing  job  oppor- 
tunities, etc.,  and 

WHEREAS,  all  these  things  are  harmful  to  otu:  economy  and  not  condu- 

cive to  a  stable  and  continuous  prosperit>', 

THEREFORE  The  General  Executive  Board  of  the  United  Brotherhood 
of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America,  now  in  session,  went 
on  record  as  being  in  fa\or  of  a  reduction  of  all  excise  taxes 
now  in  existence,  and  also  \oiced  their  opposition  to  the 
placing  of  new  excise  taxes  on  new  products  or  commodities. 

The  General  Executive  Board  when  considering  the  matter  of  making  arrangements 
for  the  coming  General  Convention,  which  will  be  held  early  in  September,  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  owing  to  the  large  number  of  Local  Unions  in  tlie  Brotherhood  and  un- 
doubtedly the  large  number  of  delegates  who  will  be  elected,  it  would  expedite  the 
arrangements  to  a  great  extent  by  having  the  delegates  elected  in  the  months  of  April 
and  May  instead  of  June  and  July;  the  names  of  tlie  delegates  elected  to  be  in  the  General 
Office  not  later  than  June  15,  1950. 

In  compiling  the  General  Constitution  after  the  last  referendum  vote  there  was  an 
oversight  in  reference  to  changing  Paragraph  E,  Section  18  to  conform  and  define  the 
eUgibility  of  a  member  to  represent  the  Brotherhood  as  outlined  in  Section  31,  Paragraph 
D,  tlierefore,  the  rule  pre\'ailing  in  reference  to  the  eligibility  of  a  member  to  be  elected  as 
a  delegate  to  the  General  Convention  shall  be  as  set  forth  in  Section  31,  Paragraph  D  of 
the  General  Constitution,  defining  the  eligibility  of  a  member  to  be  elected  or  selected  as 
an  officer  of  a  Local  Union. 

The  Convention  Call  was  drafted  and  approved  and  to  be  issued  without  delay  to 
the  Local  Unions  of  the  United  Brotherhood. 

It  was  decided  by  the  General  Executive  Board  that  because  of  the  size  of  the  organi- 
zation, advance  committees,  as  provided  for  in  the  General  Constitution  be  increased  to 
fifteen  members.  The  matter  of  arranging  for  program  for  opening  of  convention,  as  well 
as  invitations  to  speakers  was  left  in  the  hands  of  the  resident  General  Officers. 

The  General  President  appointed  Board  Members 
A.  Muir,  Sixth  District 
R.  Adams,  Fourth  District 
R.  E.  Roberts,  Fifth  District 
to  draft  the  reports  of  the  General  Executive  Board  and  the  Board  of  Trustees  for  sub- 
mission to  the  Twenty-Sixth  General  Convention. 

Audit  completed  and  all  transactions  found  correct. 

The  General  Executive  Board  met  as  Board  of  Trustees  and  the  minutes  were  approved. 

The  Certified  Pubfic  Accountants  examined  the  securities  held  by  the  General  Treasurer 
in  the  Vaults  of  the  Indiana  National  Bank,  Indianapolis,  Indiana  and  their  report  as  of 
December  31,  1949,  shows  the  following: 


THE    CARPENTER 

31 

GENERAL  FUND 

Purchased: 

Due: 

December  1,  1942 

$1,000,000.00 

U.  S.  Treasury 

2%s 

1963-68 

April  15,  1943 

1,000,000.00 

U.  S.  Treasury 

2%s 

1964-69 

September   14,  1943 

500,000.00 

U.  S.  Treasury 

2%s 

1964-69 

November  20,  1945 

1,000,000.00 

U.  S.  Treasury 

2y4s 

1959-62 

September,    1941 

50,000.00 

U.  S.  Series  G 

2%s 

1953 

January,    1942 

50,000.00 

U.S.  Series  G 

2%s 

1954 

August,    1942 

50,000.00 

U.  S.  Series  G 

2y2s 

1954 

May,    1945 

100,000.00 

U.  S.  Series  G 

2y2s 

1957 

20,000.00 

U.  S.  Series  G 

2y2s 

1957 

September,    1948 

25,000.00 

U.  S.  Treasviry 

Notes 

(Held  in  New  York) 

iy4s 

1950 

December   1,   1948 

500,000.00 

U.  S.  Treasury 

Notes 

(Held  in  New  York) 

iy4s 

1950 

December  1,  1948 

200,000.00 

U.  S.  Treasury 

iy4s 

1950 

December,  1941 
August,    1942 
June,   1948 


December,    1941 
January,    1942 
October,    1942 
January,    1943 
May,   1945 
June,  1943 
December,   1942 
April,    1943 
September,    1943 
December,    1948 


June,   1948 


Pvtfchased: 

March  31.   1944 
March,  1933 
1944 

August,  1946 

June,  1948 

June,   1949 


(Held 


Notes 
in  New  York) 


DEFENSE  FUND 


50,000.00 

50,000.00 

105,000.00 


HOME  AND 

$      50,000.00 

50,000.00 

50,000.00 

50,000.00 

100,000.00 

300,000.00 

500,000.00 

100,000.00 

500,000.00 

500,000.00 


140,000.00 


U.  S.  Series  G 

U.  S.  Series  G 

U.  S.  Treasury 

Notes 

(Held  in  New  York) 

PENSION  FUND 

U.  S.  Series  G 
U.  S.  Series  G 
U.  S.  Series  G 
U.  S.  Series  G 
U.  S.  Series  G 
U.  S.  Treasure' 
U.  S.  Treasury 
U.  S.  Treasury 
U.  S.  Treasury 
U.  S.  Treasiury 
Notes 

(Held  in  New  York) 

U.  S.  Treasur)' 

Notes 

(Held  in  New  York) 


GENERAL  FUND  (CANADA) 


$  107,000.00 
50,000.00 
50,000.00 

100,000.00 

100,000.00 

100,000.00 


Canadian  Bonds 
Canadian  Bonds 
Canadian  Victory 

Bonds 
Canadian  \^ictory 

Bonds 
Canadian  Victory 

Bonds 
Dominion  of  Canada 


2y2s 

2%s 

iy4s 


2y2s 
2y2s 
2y2s 
2y2s 
2y2s 
lyss 
2y2s 
2y2s 
2y2s 
lyis 


iy4s 


3s 
4s 

3s 

l%s 


3s 


1953 
1954 
1950 


1953 

1954 

1954 

1955 

1957 

1950 

1963-68 

1964-69 

1964-69 

1950 


1950 


Due: 

1959 
1960 
1956 

1950 

1958 

1966 


There  being  no  further  business  to  be  acted  upon  the  Board  adjourned  to  meet  at  tlie 
call  of  the  Chainnan. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ALBERT  E.  FISCHER 

Acting  Secretary 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them, 
Not  dead,  just  gone  before; 


j^  tn  tf  V  X  sc  xn 


They  still  live  in  our  memory. 
And  will  forever  more 


%tBi  in  ^tntt 

Thm  Editor  ham  been  requested  to  publish  the  nanxem 
•f    the    following    Brothers    who    have    passed    away. 


HOWARD   ABELL,  L.  U.  983,  Detroit,   Mich. 
JOSEPH  ALBERTS,  L.  U.   1748,  Appleton,  Wis. 
PAUL   ARNDT,    L.   U.    1149,   Oakland,    Cal. 
GEO.  W.  BEASLEY,  L.  U.  388,  Richmond,  Va. 
EDMOND  J.  BEAULIEU,  L.  U.  21,  Chicago,  111. 
ELIAS    BENSON,    L.    U.    808,    Brooklyn,    N.    Y. 
LUDWIG    BERG,   L.    U.    824,    Muskegon,    Mich. 
JAMES  F.  BLAKENEY,  L.  U.  132,  Washington, 

D.  C. 
J.  A.  BLAKKE,  L.  U.  25,  Los  Angeles,   Cal. 
OTTO  BRIETBECK,  L.  U.  747,  Oswego,  N.  Y. 
E.  J.  BROD,  L.  U.  213,  Houston,  Tex. 
WILLIE  M.  BROOKS,  L.  U.  2183,  Tupelo,  Miss. 
E.   BUSBY,   L.    U.   25,   Los    Angeles,   Cal. 
FREDERICK  J.  BUTSCH,   L.   U.    11,   Cleveland, 

Ohio 
JOHN    BYRNE,    L.    U.    1367,    Chicago,    111. 
SYDNEY  G.  CARPENTER,  L.  U.  1230.  Franklin, 

A.   CARTER,   L.  U.  25,  Los   Angeles,   Cal. 

L.    E.    CHENEYWORTH,    L.    U.    213,    Houston, 

Tex. 
WILLIAM    CLARK,    L.    U.    871,    Battle    Creek, 

Mich. 
ELBERT    CLIFT,    L.   U.    226,    Portland,    Ore. 
W.   A.   COOPER,   L.  U.   61,    Kansas    City,   Mo. 
CHAS.    D.    CORT,    L.   U.    61,    Kansas    City,    Mo. 
FRANCIS   J.   CURRAN,    L.   U.   488,   New   York, 

N.  Y. 
JOHN    W.    DARNELL,    L.    U.    60,    Indianapolis, 

Ind. 
H.  E.  DEANE,  L.  U.  25,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
ALFRED   DION,   L.   U.   43,   Hartford,    Conn. 
GUS    ECI2ZI,    L.    U.    1050,    Philadelphia,    Pa. 
G.  L.  FERGUSON,  L.  U.   1822,  Ft.  Worth,   Tex. 
HENRY  FISCHER,  L.  U.  301,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 
VINCENZO    GENOVESE,   L.   U.    1050,   Philadel- 

MAT    GERHARDS,    L.   U.    26,   Portland.    Ore. 
JOHN    L.   GLARUM,   L.   U.   948,   Sioux    City,    la. 
HENRY  H.  GLASS,  L.  U.  1665,  Alexandria,  Va. 
GEO.   GORTH,    L.    U.    25,   Los    Angeles.   Cal. 

E.  J.    GRABKE,    L.    U.    983,    Detroit,    Mich. 
WM.    GULSDORF.   L.    U.    1784,   Chicago,    111. 
DENNIS   D.  HALL,  L.  U.  1665,  Alexandria,  Va. 
JAMES   HARINGTON,   L.   U.   56,   Boston,   Mass. 
J.   H.    HARTMAN,   L.   U.   213,    Houston,   Tex. 
S.   F.    HEAVNER,    L.    U.    1665,    Alexandria,    Va. 
ERNEST  S.  HEDSTROM,  L.  U.  948,  Sioux  City, 

la. 
JAMES  C.  HENDERSON,  L.  U.  207,  Chester,  Pa. 

F.  HORVATH,   L.   U.   25,   Los    Angeles,    Cal. 
R.    B.    HUGHES,    L.    U.    388,   Richmond,    Va. 
J.    C.   HUTTO,   L.   U.    1723,    Columbus,    Ga. 
LOUIS    HYPES,   L.    U.    1665,   Alexandria,    Va. 
E.   B.    IHINGER,    L.   U.   388,    Richmond,    Va. 
EDGAR   JENNINGS,   L.   U.   388,   Richmond,    Va. 
ANDERS   JOHNSON,  L.   U.   1149,   Oakland,   Cal. 
CHARLES  KAMRADT,  L.  U.  1367,  Chicago,  111. 
GEORGE  H.  KELLEY,  L.   U.   51,   Boston,   Mass. 
FRANK  KIMEL,  L.  U.  335,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
WILLIE    WEAVER     KINGSLEY,    L.    U.     2183, 

Tupelo,   Miss. 
J.    F.    KIONS,    L.    U.    990,    Greenville,    111. 
FELIX   KLIMSKI,   L.   U.   337,   Detroit,  Mich. 
JOSEPH    P.    KOHLER,    L.    U.    1387,    Girardville, 

Pa. 


EMIL   KORKMAN,    L.   U.    1149,    Oakland,    Cal. 

JOHN  KULTALA,  L.  U.  1149,  OakIand,_Cal. 

WILLIAM    LAKE,    L.    U.    188,    Yonkers,    N.    Y. 

A.    C.   LARSEN,    L.   U.    103,   Birmingham,    Ala. 

HERBERT   LEPAGE,   L.  U.  337,   Detroit,  Mich. 

AL.   LIEBOLD,   L.   U.    1138,   Toledo,   Ohio 

PETER  LINDEMANN,  L.  U.   1784,   Chicago,  111. 

AUGUST  LINDGREN,  L.  U.  948,  Sioux  City,  la. 

FREDERICK  MACDONALD,  L.  U.  1230,  Frank- 
lin,  Mass. 

JOHN  R.  MCJUNKIN,  L.  U.  213,  Houston,  Tex. 

SAM  MAID  A,   L.  U.   1050,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

WILLIAM  T.  MANDERSON,  L.  U.  188,  Yonkers, 
N.   Y. 

JOSEPH   MARTIN,   L.   U.   4,   Davenport,    la. 

HUGHE    MATHESON,    L.    U.  25,    Los    Angeles, 
Cal. 

BERT  MILLER,  L.  U.  162,  San  Mateo,  Cal. 

JOHN    MILLS,   L.    U.    40,   Boston,    Mass. 

CHAS.   MONTGOMERY,  L.  U.  60,   Indianapolis, 
Ind. 

BENJAMIN   F.  MOORE,   L.    U.   100.   Muskegon, 
Mich. 

THOMAS  B.  MULHERN,  L.  U.  794,  Leominster, 
Mass. 

HENRY   MUNCK,    L.    U.   808,    Brooklyn,    N.    Y. 

JOSEPH  NIEMCZYK,  L.  U.  1367,  Chicago,  111. 

THURE    NORDGREN,    L.    U.    488,    New    York, 
N.   Y. 

CHARLES  J.  O'CONNOR,  L.  U.   132,  Washing- 
ton,  D.    C. 

L.   OLAERTS,   L.   U.  25,   Los   Angeles,   Cal. 

PETER  OLSHEWSKY,  L.   U.  51,  Boston,  Mass. 

DAVID  PATTON,  L.  U.  60,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

A.    B.    PENNY,    Sr.,    L.    U.    213,    Houston,    Tex. 

DANIEL   REED,    L.    U.    1138,    Toledo,    Ohio 

PAUL    REID,    L.    U.    60,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 

FRANK    RIDDLE,    L.    U.    335,     Grand    Rapids, 
Mich. 

W.  M.  ROBERTSON,  L.  U.  388,  Richmond,  Va. 

JOSEPH  ROSS,  L.  U.  366,  Bronx,  N.  Y. 

NICHOLAS  RUDI,  L.  U.  1050,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

HUGO   SANTORA,   L.  U.   1230,   Franklin,  Mass. 

WM.  J.  SASS,  L.  U.  916,  Aurora,   111. 

GEORGE  SCHALK,  L.  U.  824,  Muskegon,  Mich. 

PAUL  W.  SCHMIDT,  L.  U.  1260,  Iowa  City,  la. 

PHILIP    SCHREINER,    L.    U.    60,    IndUnapolis,; 
Ind. 

JOSEPH   SHAW,   L.   U.  2163,   New  York,  N.  Y. 

FRED  STERLING,  L.  U.  1367,  Chicago,  111. 

CHARLES   STEVENS,   L.   U.   1441,   Canonsburg, 
Pa.  * 

R.  P.  STIVERS,  L.  U.  25,  Los  Angeles,   Cal.        i 

GEORGE  S.  TUCKER,  L.  U.  1130,  Titusville,  Pauf 

H.  L.  VANDERGRIFF,  L.  U.  226,  Portland,  Ore^.i 

CHISBERT  VERHASSELT,  L.  U.  325,  Paterson,' 
N.  J. 

HAROLD    VERNER,    L.   U.    419,    Chicago,   111.      . 

ELI    H.    WAKELEE,    L.    U.    127,    Derby,    Conn. 

C.   L.   WARD,   L.   U.   61,   Kansas    City,   Mo. 

GEORGE  J.  WEBER,  L.  U.   1307,  Evanston,   HI. 

PHILIP    WENZ,   L.   U.   366,   Bronx,    N.   Y. 

E.   J.    WHITLOCK,    SR.,    L.   U.    388,    Richmond, 
Va. 

HOWARD    A.   WIGGINS,   213,    Houston,    Tex. 

L.    G.    WILLIAMS,    L.    U.    1723,    Columbus,    Ga. 


THE    CARPENTER 

ANSWERS   TO   "THE  LOCKER" 


S3 


1. 

True. 

2. 

True. 

3. 

True. 

4. 

True. 

5. 

True. 

6. 

False. 

7. 

False. 

8. 

False. 

9. 

False. 

10. 

False. 

11. 

True. 

12. 

False. 

13. 

True. 

14. 

True. 

15. 

True. 

16. 

False. 

17. 

True. 

18. 

True. 

19. 

True. 

20. 

False. 

21. 

True. 

22. 

False. 

23. 

True. 

24. 

True. 

25. 

True. 

Used  to  mark  for  butt  hinges. 

The  trade  name  is  SKILSAW. 

Usually  rabbeted  on  outer  edge. 

Sheathing  nailed  on  battens. 

Pine  is  resinous. 

Never  more  than  half  the  length. 

They  help  you  lift  the  sash. 

Straight  cuts  only. 

Strap  hinges  are  longer  than  T's. 

It  is  3%.  inches  long. 

What!    No  plastic? 

They  run  at  right  angles. 

It  is  the  central,  spongy  part. 

As  when  boards  are  glued  together. 

It  is  the  simplest  joint. 

It  is  the  outer  vertical  part. 

Ver>'  much  wider. 

Technically  it  is  the  cross-bar. 

The  finish  floor  goes  on  top  of  it. 

A  No.  13  bit  drills  a  13/16"  hole. 

It  is  the  front  edge  of  the  tread. 

It  has  eight  sides. 

Also  called  a  batten. 

Seen  any  lately? 

On  the  face.    Called  a  fire  cut. 


26. 

False. 

27. 

True. 

28. 

False. 

29. 

False. 

30. 

False. 

31. 

True. 

32. 

True. 

33. 

False. 

34. 

False. 

35. 

True. 

36. 

False. 

37. 

False. 

38. 

True. 

39. 

False. 

40. 

False. 

41. 

False. 

42. 

True. 

43. 

True. 

44. 

False. 

45. 

True. 

46. 

False. 

47. 

False. 

48. 

True. 

49. 

True. 

50. 

True. 

No  disputing  that. 

A  V-shaped  design. 

A  pilaster  is  usually  flat. 

Used  in  concrete  forms. 

It  goes  over  the  window. 

The  head  projects. 

It  is  the  convex  edge. 

From  a  needle  leaf  tree. 

Round  heads,  square  necks. 

It  ought  to  be. 

Round  edge  up  (the  crown). 

Used  lajang  cut  foundations. 

Clockwise. 

A  mullion  is  vertical. 

It  is  iron,  concrete  filled. 

Usually  used  on  doors. 

^^'e^'e  heard  it  called  boxing. 

Birch  also. 

It  is  a  wall  projection. 

But  not  often  enough. 

Not  around  this  way. 

None  that  we  ever  saw. 

The  under  side. 

If  you  don't  cut  them  short. 

Tell  that  to  the  plasterers. 


NOTE:  This  true  or  false  method  seems  an  unreliable  test.  To  check  on  this  theory  a 
coin  was  tossed  to  arrive  at  the  answers.  Heads  it's  true.  Tails  it's  false.  Using  this  system 
105  of  200  questions  were  marked  right.  This  is  a  percentage  of  52  plus.  Which  indicates 
that  any  person  with  absolutely  no  knowledge  whatsoever  of  carpentry  could  answer  half 
the  questions  correctly.  With  the  help  of  Lady  Luck  and  a  rabbit's  foot  this  could  be  upped 
to  75  % .  Of  course  there  is  a  practical  test  also.  But  if  by  guess  works  in  one  case,  by 
golly  might  work  in  the  other. 


LOCAL  1625  GETS  PAT  ON  BACK 

The  Editor: 

This  is  my  way  of  sa>'ing  we  Campfire  Guardians  of  Prineville  think  the  Carpenters  of 
Local  1625  are  a  swell  bunch  of  fellows. 

When  the  call  for  individual  group  sponsors  was  given  they  were  the  first  to  take  a 

group  (and,  of  course,  I  was  the  lucky  one,  it  was 
my  group). 

As  a  sponsor,  they  give  a  campsliip  each  year 
to  the  girl  I  feel  most  worthy,  give  transportation, 
or  any  other  assistance  they  are  asked  to  do  to 
help  my  Group  of  16  girls. 

When  the  need  arose  for  storage  cabinets  for 
each  group,  I  was  asked  if  I  thought  my  sponsors 
would  help  build  them  for  all  the   groups.    Did 
Local  Union  No.  1625  turn  out  the  goods?    \^"ell, 
we  now  have  2  cabinets,  and  I  am  surely  proud 
to  have  them  as  my  sponsor.   When  they  finished, 
my  group's  mothers  and  I  ser\'ed  them  pie   and 
coffee. 
I  am  enclosing  a  snap  I  took  of  a  few  of  the  fellows,  hope  you  can  find  room  to  print  it 
in  "The  Carpenter"  to  show  the  boys  of  Local  1625  I  mean  it  when  I  say  thanks. 
I  Sincerely,  Mrs.  Herbert  Post,  Guardian  of  tlie  Chesk  Cha  May 

\  Camp  Fire  Group. 


CorrospondoncQ 


This  Journal  Is  Not  Responsible  for  Views  Expressed  by  Correspondents. 

LABOR  ACCORDS  HIGH  HONORS  TO  JAKE  KALLER 

Surrounded  by  his  wife  and  family,  a  71-year-old  carpenter  who  has  devoted  the  greater 
share  of  his  life  to  unionism  was  accorded  high  honors  December  17th  by  the  Detroit 
labor  movement. 

Jake  Kaller,  revered  business  agent  of  Carpenters  Local  1518,  was  guest  of  honor  at  a 
fete  sponsored  by  his  union  and  attended  by  local  and  national  luminaries. 

Speakers  who  paid  tribute  to  the  labor  patriarch  included  Frank  X.  Martel,  Sr., 
president  of  the  Detroit  and  Wayne  County  Federation  of  Labor;  C.  C.  Van  Horn, 
general  representative  of  the  Carpenters'  International  Union;  Vern  Lough,  secretary 
of  the  Carpenters'  District  Council,  and  Joseph  Katz,  president  of  Local  1513. 

Finlay  Allan,  secretary  of  the  Building  Trades  Council,  served  as  master  of  ceremonies 
for  tlie  event,  which  was  staged  at  Mayfair  Caterers. 
Some  350  guests  attended. 

Clustered  about  Kaller  at  the  head  table  were  his  wife,  Clara,  his  seven  step- 
children and  two  of  his  sons,  Cye  of  Chicago  and  William  of  Glendale,  Calif.  A 
third  son,  Charles,  of  Tuscon,  Ariz.,  who  was  unable  to  attend,  was  one  of  the  some 
35  persons  who  sent  telegrams  of  congratulations  on  the  occasion. 

Kaller  was  presented  a  pen  and  pencil  set  by  the  Carpenters'  District  Council,  a  dia- 
mond ring  by  his  family  and  a  gift  of  cash  by  his  local.  He  expressed  his  appreciation 
amid  enthusiastic  bursts  of  applause. 

The  Local  1513  B.  A.  has  been  active  in  the  labor  movement  for  nearly  40  years. 

He  was  one  of  the  pioneer  organizers  in  the  Detroit  labor  movement,  assuming  a  r 
prominent  role  in  blazing  a  trial  through  the  wilderness  of  open  shop  and  anti-labor  drives  | 
that  confronted  unionism  in  the  early  part  of  the  century. 


A  TIMELESS  CHRISTMAS  STORY 

March  is  a  little  late  to  be  telling  Christ- 
mas stories.  Yet  there  is  a  Christmas  story 
from  Riverton,  Wyoming,  that  is  so  heart- 
warming and  so  cheering  that  it  is  timeless. 
Newspapers  and  radio  stations  from  coast  to 
coast  and  in  several  foreign  countries  as  well 
have  carried  it. 

Two  weeks  before  Christmas,  the  home  of 
the  Rufus  Montgomery  family,  which  lives  on 
the  reclamation  project  northeast  of  Riverton, 
was  completely  destroyed  by  fire.  Everything 
they  owned  went  up  in  smoke.  No  one  ever 
faced  a  more  dismal  Yuletide  than  did  the 
Rufus  Montgomery  family.  However,  it  was  not  dismal  for  long.  The  local  radio  station 
started  a  campaign  to  get  the  family  under  a  roof  by  December  25th.  Local  Union  No.  1763, 
responded  enthusiastically,  as  did  much  of  the  cotmtry.  In  a  short  while  some  $10,000  was 
raised.  Working  in  bitter  cold,  members  of  the  union  doggedly  plugged  away  at  getting  the 
new  house  up.  In  eight  days  the  job  was  completed  and  the  family  moved  in  before 
Christmas— thanks  to  the  generosity  and  neighborliness  of  the  good  people  of  Fremont 
County,  and  the  public  spiritedness  of  the  members  of  Local  1763. 

The  people  of  the  county  are  now  raising  a  disaster  fund  to  take  care  of  such  emer- 
gencies in  the  future. 


THE    CARPENTER 


35 


SON  INSTALLS  FATHER 

Members  of  Local  Union  No.  248,  Toledo,  who  were  in  attendance  at  tlie  January  3rd 
meeting  witnessed  a  somewhat  unusual  scene.  At  that  meeting,  O.  C.  Meinka,  secretary  of 
tlie  Maumee  Valley  District  Council,  had  tlie  rare  pri\ilege  of  installing  his  father  as 
president  of  Local  Union  No.  248.  Fathers  have  often  installed  their  sons  as  officers  of 
various  local  unions  or  councils  but  tlie  instances  in  which  sons  have  re\ersed  the  process 
are  few  and  far  between. 

A.  L.  Meinka,  tlie  father,  has  been  a  member  of  Local  Union  248  since  it  was  chartered 
in  1941  and  has  rarely  missed  a  meeting.  Between  them  the  Meinka's  make  a  great  tmion 
team.  « 

LOCAL  UNION  No.  595  IS  PROUD  OF  GREAT  OLD  TIMER 

Local  Union  No.  595,  Lynn  Massachusetts,  is  proud  of  its  "Grand  Old  Man".  He  is 
ninety-seven  year  old  George  H.  Murray  who  is  still  actively  interested  in  the  activities 
of  Ills  union.  Bom  on  Prince  Edward  Island,  Canada,  of  Scotch  stock  on  January  17,  1853, 
Brotlier  Murray  moved  to  the  United  States  at  an  early  age.  In  1889  he  joined  Local 
Union  No.  108  at  Lynn.  Later  this  local  consolidated  with  Local  688  to  become  1041. 
A  few  years  later,  locals  in  Saugus  and  Nahant  also  consolidated  w^ith  1041  to  form  Local 
Union  No.  595  which  has  carried  on  ever  since. 

In  his  union  career,  Brotlier  Murray  has  served  as  president  of  his  local  for  eight  years 
and  recording  secretary  for  twenty  years.  Despite  his  greatly  advanced  age,  he  still  attends 
meetings  whenever  health  permits  him.  For  a  number  of  years  he  has  acted  as  installing 
oflBcer  following  e\'ery  election.  All  through  his  union  career  he  has  been  an  able  and 
wiUing  worker  for  anything  that  helped  tlie  union;  consequently  the  entire  membership 
of  Local  Union  No.  595  holds  him  in  tlie  highest  esteem. 


THE  DALLES  LOCAL  GETS  DESERVED  PAT  ON  BACK 

Recently  the  citizens  of  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  read  the  following  editorial  in  their  local 
P^P^r-  SHINING  DEED 

It  wasn't  much  of  a  job  for 
the  carpenters  and  painters, 
but  it  meant  a  lot  to  Dow  and 
Mary  Ackley  when  these  men 
repaired  the  broken  house  at 
Rowena. 

The  house  was  the  one  which 
was   struck  by  a   skidding   car 
a  week  before  Christmas,  1949. 
The  front  part  of  the  house  was 
torn   open.     Snow   piled  into 
what  had  been  the  best  room. 
It  was  closed  off,  of  course,  dur- 
ing the   cold  weather   but   the 
house  was  draftier  than  before 
and  elderly  Dow  and  Mary  had 
trouble   keeping    warm    during 
the   bitter  cold  spell. 
The  movement  to  put  the  Ackley  home  back  in  "good-as-new"  condition  started  in 
the  local  carpenters'  union.    It  is  a  tribute  to  the  members  of  that  union  that  the  project 
was  begun  and  that  their  spirit  was  such  as  to  inspire  others  to  participate. 

It  was  that  sort  of  community  effort,  enterprise  and  kind-heartedness  that  adds  up  to 
a  shining  good  deed  in  a  world  that  is  often  too  much  absorbed  in  conflict  or  material 
things  to  pay  much  attention  to  elderly  folks  who  live  by  the  side  of  the  road. 

In  those  glowing  words  the  paper  paid  tribute  to  the  pubhc  spiritedness  of  tlie  officers 
and  members  of  Local  Union  No.  1896  who  were  largely  responsible  for  tlie  rebuilding 
of  the  Ackley  home.  Aerie  2126  of  the  Eagles  and  Local  Union  No.  1126  of  tlie  Painters 
caught  the  spirit  of  the  occasion  and  tlirough  contributions  from  the  former  and  \oluntar>' 
labor  by  the  latter,  the  project  was  finished  in  jig  time.  By  their  cooperative  efforts  life 
was  made  considerably  better  for  the  old  and  honorable  couple. 


36  THE    CARPENTER 

NEWARK  LOCAL  HONORS  OLD  TIMERS 

Essex  House,  Broad  Street,  Newark,  N.  J.,  was  the  scene  of  a  happy  occasion  on  tlie 
night  of  January  29th  when  Local  Union  No.  306,  Newark,  paid  high  tribute,  in  the  form 
of  a  testimonial  dinner,  to  retiring  financial  secretary  John  Manion  and  the  sixty-six  pen- 
sioned members  of  the  Union.  A  large  throng  was  on  hand  to  make  the  evening  a  great 
success.  Good  food,  fine  speaking  and  a  true  feeling  of  brotherhood  combined  to  make  the 
evening  one  that  will  not  soon  be  forgotten. 

Brother  John  Manion  served  Local  Union  306  as  financial  secretary  for  the  past  twenty- 
two  years.    During  that  time  he  has  faithfully  served  the  interest  of  his  Union  and  helped 


in  every  way  he  could  to  promote  the  lot  of  all  nn  n  v.ho  v  oik  fdi  ,i  li^  nig  with  their  hands 
and  brains.  Only  failing  health  could  induce  him  to  resign  the  office  he  has  filled  so  capably 
for  so  long.   Brother  Manion  has  reached  the  respectable  age  of  eighty-two. 

Special  guests  at  the  dinner  were  the  two  oldest  pensioned  members  from  the  seven 
other  locals  in  Essex  County  and  their  wives.  With  so  many  grand  old  timers  present  many 
pleasant  memories  of  the  old  days  were  relived. 

• 

SAYVILLE  LOCAL  CELEBRATES  50th  BIRTHDAY 

Members  and  wives  of  Local  Union  No.  412,  Say^'ille,  N.  Y.  celebrated  the  Fiftieth 
Anniversary  of  their  union's  founding  on  November  18,  1949,  with  a  Dinner  Dance  at 
Kelly's  Restaurant. 

Honored  guests  of  the  evening  were  Brother  John  O'Donnell,  Representative  of  the 
General,.  Office;  Brother  Paul  Blydenburg,  President  of  the  South  Shore  District  Council; 
and  Brother  Edward  Murtha,  Business  Agent  of  South  Shore  District  Council. 

After  a  wonderful  turkey  dinner.  Brother  William  Steenland,  Secretary-Treasurer 
of  the  South  Shore  District  Council  and  Chainnan  of  the  Dinner  Committee,  introduced 
the  guests  of  the  evening.  Brother  John  O'Donnell  offered  an  educational  address  on 
the  trials  and  tribulations  of  the  United  Brotherhood  from  its  origin  to  the  present,  also  on 
the  activities  at  the  General  Office.  After  the  address  Brother  O'Donnell  presented  a 
Fifty  Year  Pin  to  Charter  Member  Brother  Carl  L.  Bahr.  Gifts  were  also  presented  to 
Brothers  Leendert  Kwaak,  Financial  Secretary;  Thomas  C.  Jenkins,  Treasurer;  and  Joseph 
L.  Weigel,  Recording  Secretary;  all  of  whom  have  served  the  Local  in  tlieir  respective 
offices  for  twenty-five  years  or  more. 

After  Brother  O'Donnell's  address  there  was  a  wonderful  floor  show  which  was  put 
over  under  the  supervision  of  a  Brother  from  Patchoque  Local,  Master  of  Ceremonies 
Pat  Sullivan.    Dancing  followed  after  the  floor  show. 

All  in  all,  everybody  had  a  wonderful  time. 

• 

LOCAL  UNION  No.  461  JOINS  "GOLDEN  CIRCLE" 

To  the  distinguished  list  of  Brotherhood  locals  which  have  completed  fifty  years  of  con- 
tinuous service  must  be  added  the  name  of  Local  Union  461,  Highland  Park,  111.  Organized 
right  after  the  turn  of  the  century,  Local  Union  No.  461  on  January  21st  of  this  year  cele- 
brated its  fiftieth  birthday  with  a  fine  dinner  and  social  evening  at  the  Labor  Temple  in 
Highland  Park.    A  large  turnout  was  on  hand  to  enjoy  the  festivities. 

Stanley  Johnson,  secretary-treasurer  of  the  Chicago  District  Council,  acted  as  master  of 
ceremonies.  Speaker  of  the  evening  was  John  R.  Stevenson,  Second  General  Vice-President, 
whose  career  in  the  Illinois  labor  movement  extends  back  over  many,  many  years.    Other 


THE    CARPENTER 


37 


special  guests  included  Asgar  Andmp,  vice-president  of  the  Chicago  District  Council;  Ted 
Kenney  and  Charles  Thompson,  business  ^epresentati^•es  of  the  Council,  and  Jack  Shaw, 
president  of  the  Lake  County  Building  Trades  Council. 

A  great  floor  show  composed  of  many  of  the  finest  acts  in  the  business  rounded  out  the 
entertainment,  following  which  the  Casino  Boys  furnished  toe-tickling  music  for  dancing. 
The  party  lasted  well  into  the  night  and  the  concensus  of  opinion  was  that  it  was  one  of  the 
best  parties  in  a  long  time.  « 


LOCAL   133  PRESENTS   CERTIFICATE 
OF  COMPLETION 

Leo  Davis,  first  carpenter  apprentice  to 
complete  his  apprenticeship  under  the  appren- 
ticeship program  administered  jointly  by  the 
Associated  General  Contractors  and  Local 
Union  No.  133,  is  presented  a  certificate  from 
the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and 
Joiners  of  America  by  International  Repre- 
sentative, C.  A.  Shuey,  and  a  certificate  from 
the  Federal  Committee  on  Apprenticeship, 
U.  S.  Department  of  Labor,  by  E.  J.  Wilson, 
Field  Representative,  Bureau  of  Apprentice- 
ship, U.  S.  Department  of  Labor,  at  a  special 
meeting  of  Local  Union  No.  133  held  on 
December  29,   1949,  Terre  Haute,  Indiana. 


First  row,  left  to  right,  E.  J.  Wilson,  Leo 
Davis,   C.   A.   Shuey. 

Rear  row,  left  to  right,  Ralph  Hawkins,  Fred 
Mason,  Charles  Richardson,  and  Walter  Wag- 
ner, members  of  the  apprenticeship  commit- 
tee of   Carpenters  Local  No.   133. 


AT  UNION  CITY'S  50TH  BIRTHDAY  PARTY 


Pictured  above,  helping  Local  Union  No.  299,  Union  Cit>',  N.  J.,  celebrate  its  Golden 
Anniversary  are:  Business  agent  A.  Beck,  Hudson  County;  General  Representative  R. 
Rajoppi;  charter  members  J.  Guyer  and  J.  Truncillito;  F.  McAndrews,  chairman  of  the 
committee;  and  business  agent  H.  Cook,  Hudson  County. 

Middle  row:  T.  Bifano,  delegate  to  the  District  Council;  R.  Stanton,  vice-president; 
Val.  Hitchler,  trustee;  A.  J.  White,  financial  secretary;  H.  Maisch,  trustee;  and  Wm. 
Grueninger,  treasurer. 

Seated:  B.  Mattiello,  trustee;  A.  Jacobson,  conductor;  E.  Jacobson,  delegate  to  the 
District  Council;  H.  E.  Nelson,  recording  secretary;  T.  Teetsel,  president;  and  H.  Galmich, 
delegate  to  the  District  Council. 


OMAH.\  AUXILL\EY  ROUNDS  OUT  18  ACTRT  YEARS 

The  Editor: 

Ladies  Auxiliar>^  Xo.   250  Omaha,   Xebraska.  sends   greetings   to   Sister  AuxiUaries. 

The  Carpenters  bought  a  building  and  remodeled  it  for  offices  and  meeting  halls.  So 
we  took  o^•er  furnishing  the  kitchen  and  as  this  \\ould  take  quite  a  sum  of  money  we  so- 
licited advertising  for  a  dedication  book.  Besides  paying  all  expenses  connected  with  the 
project  we  were  able  to  purchase  a  gas  sto%"e,  Frigidaire,  enough  dishes  and  sih^er  to 
seT\^e  a  hundred,  and  necessary  kitchen  utensils. 

We  celebrate  our  18th  anniversarv'  March  6th  so  are  having  a  pot  luck  supper  March 
4tli  for  members,  husbands  and  invited  guests.  We  will  use  our  new  equipment  for 
tlie  first  time. 

We  are  planning  a  dedication  and  dinner  around  the  first  of  April,  ^^'e  have  about 
200  members;  four  are  charter  members.  One  of  tlie  charter  members  is  our  President, 
Mrs.  Ben  Bachmann. 

We  are  charter  members  of  tlie  State  Council  of  Carpenters,  affiliated  with  the  State 
Federation  of  Labor,  also  Union  Label  League  and  Labor's  League  for  Political  Education. 

Camille  Butler 
« Press  Correspondent 

WILLOWS  AUXILL\RY  YOUNG  BUT  ACTRE 

The  Editor: 

Hello  to  all  our  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  Xo.  537  of  \Mllows,  Calif. 

We  are  just  a  small  group  not  yet  a  year  old  but  we  are  planning  for  more  members 
as  time  goes  by. 

We  meet  the  first  and  third  Tuesday  of  each  month,  sewing  refreshments  once  each 
montli. 

In  September,  we  had  a  picnic;  in  Xovember,  we  held  a  Thanksgiving  dinner  diat  was 
well  attended  by  the  Carpenters  and  tlieir  famiUes.  At  Christmas,  we  had  refreshments  and 
an  exchange  of  gifts. 

We  have  earned  money  by  selling  chances,  holding  white  elephant  auctions  and  grab 
bags.  We  plan  now  to  make  a  set  of  dish  towels  to  be  auctioned  oflF  and  plan  later  on 
making  a  few  quilts. 

We  would  like  to  hear  from  other  Sister  Auxiliaries   and  exchange   letters  and  ideas. 

Fraternally, 

Ina   Cossins,   Recording   Secretary. 


BREMERTON  LADIES  SPONSOR  DRILL  TEAM 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliarj'  X'o.  283  of  Bremerton,  \\'ash.,  sends  friendly  greetings  to  all  Sister 
AuxiUaries. 

We  are  now  starting  tlie  year  1950  with  several  ways  of  increasing  our  funds.  We  have 
social  meetings  at  our  homes  and  on  April  1st  we  plan  a  carni\'al  with  a  bake  goods  sale, 
fancy  work  and  ruumiage  sale.  Refreshments  will  be  sensed.  On  December  15,  we  had  our 
Cliristnias  party,  widi  our  husbands  joining  us  for  the  social  hour  and  the  gift  exchange.  At 
that  time,  we  each  revealed  tlie  name  of  our  secret  sister. 

We  ha\e  a  Sunsliine  committee  and  send  cards  and  flowers  to  tiie  sick. 

Right  now,  we  are  busy  practicing  our  drill  team  and  making  plans  for  the  Convention. 

Fraternally, 

Ahce  Jolmson,  Recording  Secretary. 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 


By  H.   H.  Siegele 
LESSON  259 

Sheeting  and  Plancier  Bevels.— While  the 
sheeting  bevels  for  ordinary  roofs  are  rare- 
ly marked  with  the  square,  there  are  times 
when  tliis  must  be  done.  This  is  especially 
true  on  roofs  tliat  must  have  a  perfectly 
straight  hip  line.  It  is  also  true  with  planci-. 
ers,  which  must  have  a  perfectly  straight 
hip  line.  It  is  also  true  with  planciers,  which 
must  be  cut  to  fit,  and  on  hopper  work  of  all 
kinds— for  hoppers  and  hip  roofs  are  framed 
on  tlie  same  principle,  but  in  reverse  order. 

Hip  Roof.— Fig.  1,  to  tlie  upper  left,  shows 
an  elevation  of  a  rafter  flat  hip  roof.  Di- 
rectly under  it  is  shown  a  roof  plan,  which  is 
28  feet  by  28  feet,  with  a  4x4-foot  deck.  To 
the  right,  by  dotted  lines,  is  shown  the  same 
size  plan  of  tlie  counter  roof,  a  sort  of  imag- 
inap.'    roof.     The    shaded    and    dotted-line 


CouTiler  Raof      / 

^N  Plan    y 


:  Fig.  1 

squares  indicate  that  the  angles  of  these 
Dlans  are  perfect  right  angles,  which  is 
lecessary  to  make  any  hip  roof  framing 
vork  out  right. 

The  Counter  Pitch.— Fig.  2  shows  how  tlie 
;  counter  roof  plan,  or  rather,  the  counter 
,ntch,  as  shown  in  tliis  diagram  is  obtained, 
iere  the  shaded  square  is  in  position  for 
aying  out  the  counter  pitch,  directly  under 
I  he  roof,  which  is  shown  by  dotted  hnes. 
Co  bring  this  up  in  line  with  the  roof  shown 
0  the  left,  set  the  compass  at  the  heel  of  tlie 
quare,  or  point  c,  and  witli  it  swing  point  a 
round  to  point  b,  bring  with  it  the  hopper- 
haped  outline,  as  shown.  The  dotted-line 
quare  shows  tliat  tlie  pitch  in  this  position 


would  have  the  same  relationship  to  the 
pitch  of  the  real  roof  as  it  had  before,  but 
in  reverse  order. 

Obtaining  Points  for  Bevels.— Fig.  3,  to 
the  left,  shows  a  cross  section  of  the  roof 
shown  in  Fig.  2,    What  we  want  to  find  is 


\ 


'  ,     <—  Counter  Pikch  --'  \  \ 


Fig.  2 

the  points  for  marking  the  face  be\'el  for  the 
sheeting.  To  do  this,  transfer  the  rafter 
length,  c-a,  to  c-b,  as  shown  by  the  dotted 
part-circle.  Then  apply  the  square  in  the 
position  shown.  Now  to  get  the  face  bevel 
for  the  sheeting  take  the  rafter  length  on 
the  blade  and  the  tangent  on  the  tongue— 
the  tangent  gives  the  bevel.    The  process  is 


exactly  the  same  on  die  counter  pitch  roof, 
shown  to  tlie  right.  The  rafter  lengtli  and 
the  tangent,  as  shown,  will  give  the  face 
bevel  of  the  sheeting.  For  the  edge  bevel 
of  the  sheeting  for  tlie  roof  to  the  left,  take 
the  face  bevel  of  the  sheeting  for  the  roof 
to  the  right,  or  vice  versa. 


40 


THE    CARPENTER 


Bevels    for   Jacks    and    Sheeting.— Fig.    4 

shows  the  flat  hip  roof  shown  in  pre\"ious 
diagrams,  as  if  it  were  separated  at  the  hips 
and  flattened  out  on  a  level  floor.  The  two 
squares  shown  here  are  applied  with  the 
rafter  length  and  the  tangent  shown  in  the 
diagram  to  the  left  in  Fig.  3.  The  square 
to  the  left  is  applied  to  a  sheeting  board 
for  marking  the  face  be%-el— the  tangent  giv- 


ing the  bevel.  The  same  points  are  used  on 
the  square  shown  to  the  right,  for  marking 
the  edge  bevel  of  the  jack  rafters,  but  the 
rafter  length,  not  the  tangent,  gives  the 
bevei.  The  sheeting  board  cut  to  the  proper 
be\eis  is  shown  to  the  extreme  left. 

Fig.  5  shows  the  counter  pitch  roof  (two 
sides  in  part)  flattened  out.  The  square  to 
the  left  is  applied  to  a  sheeting  board,  using 
the  rafter  length  and  the  tangent,  shown  to 
the  right  in  Fig.  3.  The  tangent,  again, 
gives  the  face  bevel  for  the  sheathing.  The 
same  rafter  length  and  tangent  are  used  in 
applying  the  square  to  the  right,  for  marking 
the  edge  bevel  of  the  jack  rafter,  but  the 


rafter    length,    not    the    tangent,    gives    the 
bevel. 

The  upper  drawing  of  Fig.  6  shows  the 
square  applied  to  a  sheeting  board  for 
marking  die   face   bevel.    This   apphcation, 


in  reverse  order,  is  the  same  as  the  om 
shown  to  the  left  in  Fig.  4.  The  bottorr 
drawing  shows  the  square  applied  to  marl 
the  edge  bevel  of  the  sheeting  board.  Thii 
application,  in  reverse  order,  is  the  same  aj 


the  one  shown  to  the  left  in  Fig.  5.    Stud} 
and  compare  Figs.  3,  4,  5,  and  6. 

Cuts    for    Sheeting    and    Plancier.— Th( 

upper  drawing  of  Fig.  7  shows  a  cross  sec- 
tion   of   the    counter  pitch    roof    shown   ir 


Fig.  7 

Figs.  2  and  3,  at  a  little  larger  scale.  Ir 
this  drawing  the  roof  is  shown  with  a  cor- 
nice and  a  plancier  board.  The  inside  of 
the  roof  is  shown  hned  with  boards.  Now 
the  bevels  for  the  hning  and  for  the  plan- 
cier boards  are  exactly  the  same  as  those 
for  the  sheeting,  shown  in  Fig.  5.  The  cen- 
ter drawing.  Fig.  7,  shows  the  square,  num- 
bered 5,  appHed  to  a  plancier  board  foi 
marking  the  face  bevel,  which  in  reverse 
order  is  the  same  as  the  application  shown 
for  the  face  bevel  of  the  sheeting  in  Fig 


THE    CARPENTER 


41 


5.  The  bottom  drawing  shows  the  square, 
numbered  4,  applied  for  marking  the  edge 
bevel  of  the  plancier  board,  which  in  re- 
verse order,  is  the  same  as  the  application 
shown  in  Fig.  4,  for  marking  the  face  bevel 
of  the  sheeting.  It  should  be  remembered 
here,  that  the  face  bevel  of  the  sheeting 
for  one  roof  is  the  edge  bevel  of  the  sheet- 
ing for  the  other  roof,  or  vice  versa. 

Face  and  edge  Bevels  of  Sheeting.— Why 
tlie  face  bevel  of  the  sheeting  for  any  hip 
roof  is  the  same  as  the  edge  bevel  of  the 
sheeting  for  the  counter  roof,  or  vice  versa, 


Side  Surface. 


Ceuntar  Hoof- 


Fig.  8 


is  illustrated  by  Fig.  8.  Here  the  low  pitch 
roof  has  the  sheeting  on  in  the  regular  way, 
but  the  counter  pitch  roof,  to  bring  out  the 
point,  has  the  sheeting  on  edgewise.  Now  if 
the  sheeting  were  put  on  the  low  pitch  roof 
as  shown,  and  on  the  counter  pitch  roof  also 
as  shown,  then  the  edges  of  the  boards  in 
both  roofs  would  have  the  same  bevel— the 
face  bevel  of  the  boards  would  also  be  the 
same  in  both  roofs.   Therefore,  if  the  sheet- 


V 


\ 


\  \o    Bun    <^ 


O       -j^i)^ 


Fig.  9 


ing  is  put  on  in  the  regular  way  on  both 
roofs,  the  face  bevel  of  one  roof,  speaking 
of  the  sheeting,  would  become  the  edge 
bevel  of  the  other. 

Butt  Joint  of  Sheeting.— Fig.  9  shows  a 
diagram  of  the  roof  and  coimter  roof  that 
has  been  used  throughout  this  lesson,  illus- 
trating how  to  get  the  edge  bevel  of  sheet- 
ing for   a   butt   joint.     The    tongue   of   the 


H.  H.SIEGELE'S  BOOKS 

,    ^f'l^MH?^"'^^'^?,'^'^'^""^--^'''""   hundreds   of  rrac- 
tical   building   problems,   haa   256   p.    and  688   II     J'i  ^n 

bund7n'-.°l''''-"^«'  P.",   "■    ^"'1   531   n.   crerlng  VoVm 
building,  garages,  finishing,  stair  building,  etc.     $2  50 

""."f  PRAMING.-175  p.  and  4.i7  11.  Koof  franung 
complete.     Other  problems,   including  saw  filing     J2  50 

CONCRETE  CONSTRUCTION.-Has  159  p      426  11 
covering    concrete    work,    form    building,    screeds,    rein- 
forcing,  scaCfolding.   other  temporary  construction    $2  50 

CARPENTRY.-Has  302  p.,  754  il.,  covering  general 
house  carpentry,    estimating   and   other  subjects.     $2  50 

BUILDING    TRADES    DICTIONARY.-Has   380   D 
670   il.,    and   about   7,000   building   trade   terms.     J3  0o" 

You  can't  go  wrong  if  you  buy  this  whole  set. 

IH,!o^'^i^i-^*VES.— Poetry.    Only  $1.00. 

TWIGS    OF    THOUGHT.-Poetry.     Onb*  $1.00. 

hKEE. — ^^ith  3  books,  one  poetry  book  free,  with  5 
books,  two,  and  with  6  books,  three.  (With  less  than  3 
books,  one  of  the  poetry  books  for  only  50  cents.) 

Books   autographed.    Five-day   Money-back    guarantee. 

Postpaid  only  when  full  amount  comes  with  order. 
Order  u  U  C||r/^iri  C  222So. Const. St. 
tuday.  "•  n.  dlfc.lafc.Lt  Emporia,  Kansas 
QUANTITIES— 12  or  more  books  20%  off,  f.o.b.  Chleaoo 


square  here  is  applied  to  the  counter  pitch 
of  the  common  rafter,  from  the  comb  down 
toward  the  base  hne,  rather  than  from  the 
toe  of  the  rafter,  as  in  the  other  cases.  In 
this  instance  the  counter  pitch  from  c  to  o, 
becomes  the  rafter  length,  as  shown.  The 
run,  a-b,  is  raised  to  the  level  of  the  top 
of  the  common  rafter,  d-c,  and  then  witli  a 
compass  transferred  to  point  e  on  the  blade 
of  the  square,  as  shown  by  tlie  dotted  part- 
circle,  which  becomes  the  tangent.  Now  the 
tangent  and  the  rafter  length  will  give  the 
edge  bevel  for  the  butt  joint— the  tangent 
gives  the  bevel.  (The  reference  letters  in 
both  the  pitch  and  the  counter  pitch,  refer, 
relatively,  to  the  same  points,  hence  the  ex- 
planation will  apply  to  both  pitches.  It 
should  also  be  mentioned  that  the  tangent 
shown  in  the  diagram  for  the  counter  pitch 
roof,  runs  through  the  diagram  of  the  origi- 
nal roof.    This  was  done  to  save  space.) 


LABEL  OF  UNITED  BROTHER- 
HOOD OF  CARPENTERS  AXD 
JOINERS  OF  A3IERICA 


This  label  stands  for  a  wage 
commensurate  with  the  labor  per- 
formed, for  superior  workmanship, 
the  mechanical  training  and  edu- 
cation of  the  apprentice  and  fair 
Avorking  conditions. 

Be  sure  to  see  that  it  appears 
on  all  store  and  bar  fixtures,  trim, 
cigar  boxes  and  beer  bottle  cases 
and  on  all  wood  products. 

—  ORGANIZE  — 


SUPER  101  BUTT  GAGE  Simplifies  Hanging  Doors 


I 


Use  -^vith  knife,  scriber  or  chisel.    Quickly, 
accurately    locates    and    marks    outline    of 


standard  butt  hinges,  Sio"  x  4".  Cuts  guess- 
wurk,  speeds  mounting  of  doors.  Saves  labor. 
Raised  scriber  indicates  depth  of  chisel  cut. 
The  Newest  Addition  to  Super 
Tools    for    Craftsmen. 


At  Tour  Dealers.  If  there  is  no  dealer 
in  vour  neighborhood  order  direct;  sent 
postpaid.     Xo    C.O.D.'s. 


Has  no  knife  blades  to  dull.  Easy  to 
carry.  Xo  sharp  edges  to  cut  pockets. 
Made  in  high  grade  steel,  with 
clirome   finish. 

SUPER  99  SQUARE 
GAGE  — ^ 

Light,  precision-made  gauges. 
To  be  used  Tvith  carpenter's 
steel  squares.  Valuable  in 
laying  out  numerous  repeat 
angles  as  in  stair  string-  ONLY 
ers.  hip  and  valley  raf-       h.qq 

ters.   etc.  the  pair 


A.    D.    McBURNEY     317   E.  4th  street.  Los  Angeles    13,  California 


FILING 
SAWS 


With   the 

ZAPART  hand  SAW  FILER 

Price   $60.00 — attachments  extra 

Write  to  A.  ZAPART,  SAW    FILER 

586   Manhattan   Ave.  BROOKLYN   22,   N.   Y. 


Make  it  a  RULE  to  use 


^' 


1^ 


WOODMARK 

FOLDING    RULERS 

You'll  like  the  way  this  Woodmark  6'  ruler 
handles  and  takes  abuse.  Featherweight, 
tough  aircraft  aluminum  alloy  sections. 
Patented  spring  tempered  bronze  hinges 
and  brass  rivet-through  construction.  Spe- 
cial baked  coating.  Rustproof.  Accurate. 

AND  STAINLESS  STEEL 

RAFTER    SQUARES 

A.sk  ^  our  dealer  for  the  Woodmark  Stainless 
Steel  Model  W  100  RS.  Note  the  precision 
mf  chine  ground  surfaces  and  edges  .  .  .  pho- 
togravure processed  and  etched  graduations 
ard  markings  with  permanent  inlaid  metal. 
The^  re  accurate  and  legible.  Also  Carbon 
Steel  models. 

WOODMARK   INDUSTRIES,   INC. 

Minnoapolit  16,  Minn. 


.»       .«     ..T^,  »„»..,->■ 


STAIR  GAGES 

(Angle  Gages) 

The  handiest  liiile  devices  you  ever 
had  in  your  tool  box.  Easily  carried 
in  the  pocket.  Lsed  on  square  for 
laying  out  angle  cuts  on  rafters,  stair 
stringers,  etc.  %  "  hexagon  brass 
v.ith  plated  steel  screw.  Rust  proof 
and  will  last  a  ii'etime.  Order  today! ' 
\Vt.  A  oz.  pr. 
Money  back  if  not  satisfied 

$1.00  Postpaid 

WELLIVER  &  SONS 
P.  O.  Box  278C 
Rockford,   Illinois 


MeWf^h  lighter  than//// 

I  I  I  f  L' 


Aluminum 


\ 


\  \ 


/ 1 


MaandUe, 
h^:Aevels 


Unbreakable  Frame  of 
Extruded  IVIagnesium  Alloy! 

Here's  the  newest — most  sensational  level  ever 
designed!  The  new  Scharf  Magnelite  Level  is 
lighter  weight— it's  made  of  Magnesium— one  of 
the  toughest  yet  lightest  metals  in  existence. 
It's  a  masterpiece  of  accuracy — absolutely  true, 
straight  and  parallel.  Has  large  hand-holds  .... 
easier  to  handle.  Beautifully  designed — grace- 
fully   streamlined.     Greatest   level    ever   built! 


NEWEST  TYPE   VIAL   UNITS  ARE:. 
ADJUSTABLE  AND  REPLACEABLE 

Vials  are  cemented  into  die  cast 
Magnesium  holder— held  absolute- 
ly rigid.  Finest  glass  windows,  i 
Vial  units  attached  ■ 
with  screws — easily 
loosened  for  adjustment 
or    replacement. 

Get  Your  Scharf 
Magnelite  Level  Today! 
If  your  dealer  can't 
supply  you,  order  from 
us  direct,  but  you  must 
send  dealer's  name  and 
address.  Satisfaction 
guaranteed. 

J.  H.  SCHARF  MFG.  CO. 

Dept.    C-4,    Omaha,    Nebr. 


Check 

These    Low 

Prices 

No. 

Size  (Inches) 

Price 

3412- 

-1x2x12" 

.$3.50 

061S-- 

.1x2x18" 

.   4.50 

3624_ 

.1x2x24" 

.   5.00 

2624. 

.Iji2£x24".. 

.   5.75 

2628- 

.Ilx2gx28"-. 

.   6.75 

2630.. 

.Iix2gx30".- 

.  7.25 

2642. 

..I|l2gx42".. 

.   9.25 

2648.- 

.Iix2gx48"-. 

.10.00 

2072. 

-Iix2gx72".. 

.16.50 

♦Extruded    Aluminum      I 

Frame    Only 

1 

BURR  HAND  SAW  FILER 


,.r^- 


Eaty  10 

Op«rat« 

Fost,  accurate,  will  file  from  botlTsides.  Operator 
controls  file  arm.  No  saw  carrier  or  adjusting 
screws  to  fuss  with.  A  money-maker  in  any  shop. 


BURR    MFG.  CO. 

8945    VENICE    BOULEVARD 
lOS  ANCEIES  34,  C  A  1 1  F. 


"^rf T  ^^^ 


haf  ex'ra  length  you've  a  I  way  5  wanted  ...  1  20  inches  of  o  ecu- 
ate,  more  useful  measuring  ease.  Jet  black  markings  on  a 
'ear-resistant,  acid-resistant  snow  white  blade.  Carlson  quality 
hroughouf  with  famous  1  0-second  blade  change  economy  and 
le  new  convenient  swing-tip ,  ,  ,a  real  value  at  YOUR  HARD- 
VARE  DEALER.  Just  be  sure  it's  the  Whife  Chief  by  Carlson. 
'.S.  And  don't  forget  to  get  an  extra  blade  os  a  "spare." 
Blade  produced  under  Pat.  No.  2039209 

Carlson  Steel  Tape  Rules 


CARLSON  &  SULLIVAN,  INC. 

MONROVIA,  CALIFORNIA 


NOW!  Roof 
Framing  is  Easy 

with  SHARP'S       ^^-^^fe^ 

Automatic  "** 

Framing  Square  j^ 


i^ENLARGED 

SECTION 

Rafter  Table 


ALL  YOU  NEED  TO  KNOW  IS  WIDTH 
OF  BUILDING  AND  PITCH  OF  ROOF 

Just  set  tool  to  pitch  of  roof  and  it 
automatically  solves  every  problem  and 
provides  direct  marking  guide  for  all 
cuts.  Gives  exact  figures  for  length  of 
rafters.  Cuts  given  in  square  readings 
and  in  degrees  for  power  saw  work. 
Opens    to    90-deg.   angle.     Guaranteed. 

SHARP'S 

MANUFACTURING 

COMPANY 

p.    0.    Box    122 
Salum,    Oregon 


Now  Only 

$7-85 

■    Prepaid 

(CO.  ft.  roSTACt  lITIlt 

WHARP'S 


/fa^^m^i^ii>  FRAMING  SQUARE 


ADVANCE  YOURSELF 

IN  THE 

BUILDING  FIELD 

this  proven  way 


M«(WW«M*Ma 


•''fMMXWWatWMW 


Money-making  ideas  .  .  .  new  construc- 
tion methods  and  techniques  .  .  .  useful, 
up-to-date  information  for  builders  and 
contractors  ,  ,  .  v/ill  be  yours  every 
month  when  you  subscribe  to  AMERI- 
CAN BUILDER,  "the  world's  greatest 
building  paper."  More  than  80,000 
building  men  in  all  parts  of  the  coun- 
try  now  subscribe— some  have  been 
with    us    for    over   40    years! 

Every  month  in  AMERICAN  BUILDER  you 
get  reliable  guidance  and  up-to-date 
facts  to  help  you  get  ahead  faster  and 
make    more    money: 

•  Changes  and  improvements  in  homes 
and  all  other  types  of  light  construc- 
tion—including new  trends  in  design, 
new  building  materials,  new  construc- 
tion  methods  ond  techniques. 

•  Designs  and  plans  of  modern  home: — 
including  a  detailed  blueprint  in  every 
issue. 

•  Useful  data  on  apartments,  stores, 
small  commercial  buildings;  industry 
trends;    catalog    items. 

•Prompt  and  clear  reports  on  new 
products,    materials   and   equipment. 

•  "Better  detail"  plates  and  "how-to- 
do-it  pointers"  show  you  and  tell  you 
tested  ways  to  save  time  and  get  bet- 
ter construction. 

•  Helpful  hints  on  remodeling  and  re- 
pair work;  interior  treatments  and 
built-ins,  estimating,  financing,  sales 
practices. 

To  get  the  most  out  of  all  your  opportunities 
in  today's  building  market,  subscribe  to 
AMERICAN  BUILDER  now.  A  single  idea 
or  suggestion  you  get  from  its  pages  can  be 
worth    ten   times   the    low    subscription    cost! 

MONEY-SAVING  OFFER-3  YEARS  FOR  $5 
.    .    .    only    14    cents    a    month! 

AMERICAN  BUILDER  is  a  great  value  of 
the  regular  one-year  rate  of  $3.00.  But 
you  can  get  even  greater  value  by  sub- 
scribing for  3  years  for  only  $5.00- an 
offer  that  saves  you  $4.00  over  the  one- 
year  rate.  Mail  coupon  below  to  start 
your  subscription  now. 


r--^-IVIAIL  THIS  COUPON— 

American    Builder,    Circulation    Dept. 
30  Church   Street,    New   York  7,  N.   Y. 

Start     m.v     subscription     at     once     to     AMEBICAX 
BVILDER    for     the     period     checked     below: 
(     )     Three    years,    $5.      (36    issues) 
(     )     One    year,    $3.     (12    Issues) 


Name 


Street     

City    Zone 

State     — CA-450 


SAVE  A  DAY 


ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE 

1.  Measures    tread     or    riser 

(above) 

2.  Marks  board  for  perfect  fit 
the  first  time   (right) 

Dealers     and     Agents    Wanted 

ELIASON  TOOL  COMPANY 


or 
more 
on  Every  Staircase  You  Build 

ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE  in  10  seconds  gives 
yi.'i  both  ciirrtf-et  length  and  angle  of  stair 
r'^i  T-^  ,  lo^et  shelves,  etc..  ready  to 
mark  board.  Each  end  piv- 
ots and  locks  at  any  length 
or  angle.  Adjustable  from 
20"  up.  Saves  a  day  or  more, 
increases  your  profits  §20 
or  more  on  each  staircase. 
Fully  guaranteed.  Only 
SI 2.95  cash  ■with  order,  or 
i-'.O.D.  plus  postage.  Order 
Today,  or  send  for  circular. 

2121    E.    56th    St.,    MINNEAPOLIS    17,    MINN. 


Get  behind  a 


SPEEDY  HINGE  SPACER 


SPIRAL   SCREW 
DRIVER 


a  fid  get  ahead 
of  the  job 


Pat.   Pending 


iMiKEE  TOOLS  nam  P*tT  Of 

[STANLEY] 

THE  TOOi  BOX  OF  THE  ■OCLD 


Let  the  spiral 
o    the    heavy 
wrist    work.     A 
simple  push  on  a 
sturdy    "Yankee" 
rives  or  draws  the 
screw  with  a  spinning 
start.    Good    for    years 
of  smooth,  willing  part- 
rship    with    your    good 
right    hand.    Three    sizes, 
each  with  3  size  bits.  Pop- 
ar     30A     size,     range     of 
screws    #2    to    #8.    For   one- 
hand  operation,  buy  the   130A 
Yankee"'    with    the    "quick- 
spring  in  the  handle. 
Send  for  the  "Yankee"  Tool  Book 


Er- 


XORTH     BROS.     MFG. 

Philadelphia  33,  Pa. 


CX). 


Hinges  spaced  quickly  and  accurately, 
rors  in  spacing  impossible. 
If  Jambs  are  accurately  set  all  doors  of  equal 
size  vi-ill  be  interchangeable  throughout  en- 
tire building. 


This  tool  is  particularly  valuable  in  fit- 
ting wood  doors  to  meted  jambs. 

Adjust  knives  to  fit  mortise  in  jambs, 
then  transfer  to  doors,  no  waste  of  time 
in  measuring.  Place  end  tight  against 
head  jamb  hook  on  top  of  door  will  give 
proper  head  clearance. 


Knocks   down   in   three   sections   26' 
Made  of  Aluminum   channels 
with  hardened   ad- 
justable knives. 


each. 


^ 


Shipping  Weight   Approximately   4  lbs. 

Price  $7.50  Delivered 

CHARLES  H.  GRAFF 


CO  BAKER  MACHINE  CO., 


330   Bryan  St. 


Fort  Worth  4,  Texas 


FOR  YEARS  OF  FAST  CUTTING 

AiK  FOR  SANDVIK  HANDSAWS 


tAade  of  the  finest  Swedish  Char- 
coal Steel,  SANDVIK  HANDSAWS 
hold  their  set  and  edge  LONGER. 

•  Sandvik's  exclusive  handle 
is  made  for  the  professional 
carpenter  .  .  ,  MAN-SIZED  FOR 
COMFORT. 

•  Their  perfect  balance  makes 
cutting  EASIER. 

•  Their  exceptionally  high 
crown   makes  cutting  FASTER. 

•  Sandvik  Saws  are  fully 
tapered. 

•  Best  of  all  you'll  be  proud 
to  own  one. 

Ask  your  Dealer  for  Sandvik  Sows 


CHALK  LINE  BOX  and  PLUMB  BOB 


Only  $1.25  each 
AT     YOUR     DEALER'S.      IF     HE 
CANNOT  SUPPLY  YOU  ORDER 
DIRECT. 


New  dual  purpose  tool  any  mechanic  is  proud  to  own  and  use.  Precision 
molded  of  Aluminum  alloy.  Self-locking  handle  folds  flat.  Fits  in  pocket. 
Air  tight  case  lasts  a  lifetime.  Easy  to 
refill.  Furnished  with  50  feet  of  line. 
Capacity    100    ft. 

"S.  L."  REFILLS 

Specifically  prepared  and  blended  pigment 
for  use  in  chalk  line  boxes.  Not  a  chalk, 
instead,  it  has  3  to  5  times  the  strength 
of  ordinary  chalk.  Won't  cake  or  harden. 
Each  envelope  holds  correct  amount  for  av- 
erage chalk  box.  Choice  of  colors:  in»  ^-.,u 
RED,  YELLOW,  BLUE,  WHITE.  ,,  o-*?^" 
$1.20  dozen 


STRAIT-LINE-PRODUGTS^ 


p.    O.    Box    417,    Santa    Ana,    Calif. 


STAPLE— to  save  time- 
speed  up  production 


r-32  Gun  Tacker 

\  many  purpose  tool  replacing  hammer  and  tacks 
It  trigger  rate  speed.  Shoots  a  staple  wherever  a 
ack  can  be  driven.  Ideal  for  Carpenters,  Display- 
nen.  Insulators,  Upholsterers,  etc.  Special  screen  and 
vindow  shade  attachments.  Same  machine  takes  a 
1/16",  %"  and  5/16"  staple.  Loads  150  staples. 
■8.50.     Rustproof    "Monel"    staples    available. 

>-22   Hand  Stapler 

'Reaches   into   hard-to- 

let-at    places."      Ideal 

or    tagging,     labeling, 

i^rappings,    sealing 

'Ogs,     containers     and 

loxes.     Same    machine    _^^^^_^^^_^_^_^.^^_ 

dkes    Ve,"    and    5/16"    staples.     Loads    150    staples. 

6.00. 

Slightly  higher   in  the   West  and   Canada. 
iM'j  from  your  local  Dealer  or  order  direct— Dept.  C 

ARROW  FASTENER  COMPANY,  INC. 

30-38   Maujer   St.,  Bklyn.   6,   New   York 


'^.-/%, 


ROYAL  EAGLE 


%>/% 


ONLY 

EftGLE  RUl€S 

MaVE 


Pr«Cf5toR  mads  for 
precise  measuremen-t. 
Ex+ra  strong  for  exfra 
wear,  Mad«  of  finest 
hard  mapie. 


RIVETES 
STRIKE-PtATE  lOtfCTS 


EAGLE  RULE 
,  MFGXORR 


rWO    AIDS    FOR    SPEED    AND    ACCURACY 


THEY  HAVE 

OUR   CHART  Blueprint  27''  X  36" 

"The  FRA]\nNG  SQUAKE"  (Chart) 

Explains  tables  on  framing   squares.     Shows  how 
to   find    lengths   of   any    rafter   and    make    its   cuts; 
finer  any  angle   in  degrees;  frame  any  polygon  3  to 
16  sides,  and  cut  its  mitres;  read  board  feet  rafter 
and   brace  tables,   octagon  scale.     Gives  other  valu- 
able  information.     Also   includes   Starting    Key  and 
Radial    Saw    Chart    for    changing    pitches    and    cuts 
into   degrees  and   minutes.     Every  carpenter  should 
ive  this  chart.     Now  printed  on  both  sides,  makes  about 
)  square  feet  of  printed  data  showing  squares  full  size, 
rice  $1.00  postpaid,  no  stamps. 


SLIDE  CAIX^ULrATOR   for  Rafters 


Makes  figuring  rafters  a  cinch!  Shows  the  length  of  any 
rafter  having  a  run  of  from  2  to  23  feet:  longer  lengths  are 
found  by  doubling.  Covers  17  different  pitches.  Shows  lengths 
of  hips  and  valleys,  commons,  jacks,  and  gives  the  cuts  for 
each  pitch,  also  the  angle  in  degrees  and  minutes.  Fastest 
method  known,  eliminates  chance  of  error,  so  simple  anyone 
who  can  read  numbers  can  use  it.  NOT  A  SLIDE  RULE  but 
a  Slide  Calculator  designed  especially  for  Carpenters.  Con- 
tractors and  Architects.  Thousands  in  use.  Price  $3.90 
postpaid.  Check  or  M.  0.,  no  stamps. 


2103 


MASON  ENGINEERING  SERVICE 

N.     Burdick     St.,     Dept.     3,     Kalamazoo     81, 


Mich. 


MOW 


I  Earn  Better  Pay  This  Easy  Way 


CARPENTRY 
ESTIMATING 

...QUICK.. .EASY.. .ACCURATE 

with  this  simplified  guide! 

You  can  earn  higher  pay  when  you  know  how 
to  estimate.  Here  is  everything  you  need  to 
know  to  "take  off"  a  bill  of  materials  from  set 
of  plans  and  specifications  for  a  frame  house. 
Saves  you  time  figuring  jobs,  protects  you 
against  oversights  or  mistakes  that  waste 
materials  and  cost  money.  Nothing  compli- 
cated— just  use  simple  arithmetic  to  do  house 
carpentry  estimating  with  this  easy-to-use  ready 
reference   handbook. 

SIMPLIFIED 
CARPENTRY  ESTIMATING 

Shows  you,  step  by  step,  how  to  figure  mate- 
rials needed  for  (1)  foundation,  (2)  framing, 
(3)  exterior  finish,  (4)  interior  finish,  (5) 
hardware,  and  (6)  stairs.  Gives  definite  "take- 
off"' rules,  with  many  quick-reference  tables  and 
short-cut  methods  that  simplify  the  work. 

CDCriAl  CCATIIDPCa  Lumber  Checking  List,  lllll- 
OrCUIHL  rCHIUnCO.  ^-ork  Checking  List.  Hard- 
ware Checking  List.  Materials  Ordering  Information.  Quick- 
Figuring  Tables  for  estimating  concrete  footings  and  walls, 
concrete  piers,  window  frames,  door  and  window  areas, 
sash  weights,  nail  Quantities.  How  to  figure  labor  hours 
per  unit  of  work.  Rules  for  linear,  area  and  volume 
measurement.  Mathematical  reference  tables,  including  dec- 
imal equivalents,  lumber  reckoner,  conversion  of  weights  and 
measures,  etc.  Xew  chapter,  "How  to  Plan  a  House,"  gives 
useful  data  for  contractors  and  material  dealers. 

TIIDIi  TA  I^UADTITD  Q  "'hen  you  receive  this  book, 
lUnn  lU  bnHrlLK  O,  and  see  the  "Estimating 
Short  Cuts"  j'ou  can  use  for  quick  figuring  of  board  foot- 
age. Here  are  simplified  ways  to  estimate  lumber  needed 
for  floors,  walls,  ceilings,  roof,  door  and  window  frames, 
inside  trim  for  these  frames,  inside  trim  for  inside  doors, 
and  drawers  and  cabinets.  This  chapter  alone  can  be  Worth 
the  entire  price  of  the  book  to  you! 

Send  No  Money 

EXAMINE  10  DAYS  FREE 

Just  fill  in  and  mail  cou- 
pon below  to  get  "Sim- 
plified Carpentry  Esti- 
mating" for  10  DATS 
FREE  TRLiL.  It  not 
fully  satisfied,  return  the 
book  and  owe  nothing.  If 
you  keep  it,  send  only 
$3.50  plus  few  cents  post- 
age in  full  payment.  You 
take  no  risk.  Mail  cou- 
pon  now. 


MAIL  THIS  COUPON 


SIMMONS-BOARDMAN  Publishing  Corp. 'Carp. 4-30) 
30    Church    Street,    New    York    7,    N.    Y. 

Send  me  for  10  DATS  FREE  TRIAL.  "Simpli- 
fied Carpentry  Estimating."  I  will  either  return 
it  in  10  days  and  owe  nothing,  or  send  only  $3.50 
(plus    shippir.s   rh.irges)    in    full    payment. 


I      Ci 


NOTICE 


The  publishers  of  "The  Carpenter"  reserve  the 
right  to  reject  all  advertising  matter  which  may 
be,  in  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America. 

All  Contracts  for  advertising  space  in  "The  Car- 
penter," including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellable, are  only  accepted  subject  to  the  above 
reserved  rights  of  the  publishers. 


Index  of  Advertisers 

Carpenters'  Tools  and  Accessories 

Page 

The  American  Floor  Surfacing 

Machine  Co.,  Toledo,  Ohio 2nd   Cover 

Arrow  Fastener   Co.    Inc.,   Brook- 
lyn,   N.    Y.    45 

Burr  Mfg.  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.        43 

Carlson    &    Sullivan,     Inc.,    Mon- 
rovia,  Cal. 43 

Eagle  Rule  Mfg.  Corp.,  New  York, 

N.   Y. 45 

Eliason  Tool  Co.,  Minneapolis, 

Minn.    44 

E-Z  Mark  Tools,  Los   Angeles, 

Cal. 47 

Foley   Mfg.    Co.,   Minneapolis, 

Minn.    48 

Charles    H.   Graff,    Fort    Worth, 

Texas    44 

Heston      &     Anderson,     Fairfield, 

Iowa 6 

The  Lufkin  Rule   Co.,  Saginaw, 

Mich.    47 

A.   D.    McBurney,   Los    Angeles, 

Cal.      42 

North  Bros.,  Mfg.  Co.,  Philadel- 
phia,  Pa. 44 

Sandvik  Saw  &  Tool  Corp.,  New 

York,    N.    Y. 44 

J.    H.    Scharf    Mfg.    Co.,    Omaha, 

Nebr.    42 

Sharps    Mfg.    Co.,   Salem,   Ore 43 

Speedcor   Products,  Portland,  Ore.        48 

Stanley  Tools,  New  Britain,  Conn.  3rd  Cover 

Strait-Line-Products,  Santa  Ana, 

Cal.     45 

Welliver  &  Sons,  Rockford,  I1I.__        42 

Woodmark  Industries,  Inc.,  Minn- 
eapolis,  Minn. 42 

A.  Zapart,  Saw^  Filer,  Brooklyn, 

N.   Y. 42 

Carpentry  Materials 

The   Celotex   Corp.,    Chicago,   in._  1 
The   Franklin   Glue    Co.,    Colum- 
bus,   Ohio    4 

The  Upson  Co.,  Lockport,  N.  Y._  5 

Doors 

Overhead    Door    Corp.,   Hartford 

City,  Ind. 4th   Cover 

Technical  Courses  and  Books 

American    Builder,    New    York, 

N.   Y. 43 

American  Technical  Society,  Chi- 
cago,   111.    47 

Audel   Publishers,   New  York, 

N.   Y. 3rd  Cover 

Chicago    Technical    College,    Chi- 
cago,   111.    3 

H.   H.   Siegele,   Emporia,   Kauis 41 

Mason  Engineering  Service,  Kala- 
mazoo,   Mich.    45 

Simmons-Boardman  Publishing 

Corp.,  New  York,  N.  Y 46 

Tamblyn   System,   Denver,   CoIo._        48 

Wearing  Apparel 

The    H.    D.    Lee    Co.,    Kansas 

City,   Mo. 3rd   Cover 


Markings 
That  Are  Durable 


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AMERICAN  TECHNICAL  SOCIETY  Publishers  since  1898 

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price  of  only  $34.80  Is  paid.  I  am  not  obligated  In  tny 
way  unless  I  keep  the  books. 


Name     „ 

City   state 

Attach  letter  statins  sse,  occupation,  employer*!  name  and 
address,  and  name  and  address  of  at  least  one  buslneu 
man   as  reference.     Men  In  service,   also  give  home  addreii. 


BOtt 


^^    HANG  THAT  DOOR 
THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


Mates  a  clean-cut,  deeply- etched  profile  on  door. 
Remove  chips.  Repeat  operation  on  jamb.  Hang 
door!  No  adjustments.  No  fussing.  Precision  made. 
Drop-forged,  heat-treated  steel.  Comes  in  3".  3J" 
and  4"    (Std)    sizes, 

ONLY  11.75  ea.— $3.50  a  pair 
(any  two) — §5.25  complete  set 
of  three.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
send  only  $1.00  with  order  and 
pav  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  0.  D.  In  Canada,  .25c 
higher  per  order.  No  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    wanted. 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 

"ReaUy  a  help  for  the 
'old  bands'  and  almost 
a  'must'  for  the  new 
boys." 

S.   H.   Glover 
Cincinnati,   Ohio 

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hanging  doors  I  have 
ever     seen." 

J.    Allen  Charles 

Mullins,  S.   C. 


Comes  With 
Leatherette  case 


Conceded  by  carpenters  to  be  almost  indispensable, 
as  hundreds  of  testimonials  in  file  show. 
("E-Z  Mark"  Trade  Mark  Reg.) 


t-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  Dept.  C,  Los  Angeles  16,  Cal. 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377,  Dept.  C. 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 

Mark   Butt  Gauges   as   checked   below: 
Size 


V 

fion 

I 


C/ip    and    mo//     handy    order    form     below. 


'E-Z' 


Gentlemen:     Please  send  the   following 
Check 

n        one  of  any  size  $1.75 

n        two   of  any   size   $3.50 

G        complete   set    of   three  any  size   $5.25 

I    enclose   check   or    money    order         D 

Send  C.  O.   D D 


Name: 

Address: City_ 

State: 


.Zone- 


speBVcon  tools  i 


IVUC  SAVe  YOU 
TIME  ANPMONEV 


SPEED    SAW    FILER 

Now  file  your  own  saws!  Precision  fil- 
ing easy  without  experience.  Two  sim- 
ple adjustments.  Keeps  any  hand  saw 
extra  sharp  and  true  cutting.  Complete 
With   file   and    ready   to   use     $2.95 


DRILL  GRINDER 
Makes  old  drills  cut  like  new. 
Sharpens  3/32"  to  I '/a"  drills  with 
factory  accuracy  in  30  sees.  No  ex- 
perience necessary.  Use  with  hand 
or    power    grinding    wheels.      $2.95 


SPEED    HANDLE 
Holds  files,  razor  blades,  taps,  drills, 
Allen    wrenches,    bits    etc.     Operates 
similar    to     drill     chuck.      Precision 
made.     Handiest  tool  in  tool  box.      $1 


SPEED  GRIP  PLANE 
Precision  made,  pocket  sized  plane 
as  easy  to  grip  as  big  one.  S'A" 
X  I 'A"  face.  Can't  be  beat  for  all 
around  fitting  and  finishing.  Blade 
guaranteed  to  hold  edge.     $1.95 


SPEED     SAW     CLAMP 
Grips   full    length    of    hand    saws — 30    inches. 
Saves  time.   Attached   or   released  from   bench 
in    15    seconds.    Lifetime    construction.    Holds 
entire    saw    true    without    vibration.     $4.95 


CIRCULAR   SAW    FILER 
Sharpen    circular    saws    like    an  j 
expert.  Adjustable  for  any  pitch 
or  angle.  Complete  with  file  and 
mandrels    for    blades    with    'A", 
3A",   13/16"  centers.    $6.95 


Order  Today  I    Cash  with  order,    prepaid.     COD    postage   extra.     Money   back    Guarantet 


SPEEDCOR  PRODUCTS  °-K;rKS."" 


$900 

IN  SPARE  TIME 


7^0^ 

"1  did  very  well  last 
year  with  my  Foley 
equipment,  about  950 
saws  and  240  lawn 
mowers.  In  my  spare 
time.  About  $900  for 
me."     Left    H.     Mix. 

Carpenters  Make  up   to  $2  or  $3  an  hour  in 

spare  time.  With  a  Foley  Automatic  Saw 
Filer  you  can  file  hand,  band  and  circular 
saws  better  than  the  most  expert  hand  filer. 
Cash  business,  no  canvassing.  No  eyestrain, 
no  experience  needed. 

FREE  BOOK 

"INDEPENDENCE  AFTER  40" 

shows    just    how    you 
can    start    at    home    in 
spare    time,    with    small 
Investment,   no    g- — 
overhead,  —  and    1  „ 
develop    into    a 
full  -  time    repair 
Bhop.  Send  coupon 
today — no    sales- 
man   will    call. 


SmcC  e^ufi^  7<w  FREE  BOOK 


FOLEY  MFG.  CO.,  418-0  Foley  Bldg., 

Minneapolis    18,    Minn. 

Send  FREE  BOOK — "Independence  After  40" 

Name    

Address    


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  own  busi- 
ness and  be  your  own  boss  the  "Tamblyn 
System"  Home  Study  Course  in  Estimating 
will  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  carpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  you  can  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
first  lesson  begins  with  excavations  and  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  you 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidance  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced  to  the  language  you  understand. 
You  will  never  find  a  more  opportune  time 
to  establish  yourself  in   business  than   now. 

Study  the  course  for  ten  days  absolutely 
free.  If  you  decide  you  don't  want  to  keep 
it,  just  return  it.  Otherwise  send  us  $8.75 
and  pay  the  balance  of  $30.00  at  $7.50  per 
month,  making  a  total  of  $38.75  for  the  com- 
plete course.  On  request  we  will  send  you 
plans,  specifications,  estimate  sheets,  a  copy 
of  the  Building  Labor  Calculator,  and  com- 
plete instructions.  What  we  say  about  this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to  be  after  you  examine  it  is  the  only  thing 
that  matters.  You  be  the  judge;  your  deci- 
sion is  final. 

Write  your  name  and  address  clearly  and 
give  your  age,  and  trade  experience. 

TAMBLYN  SYSTEM 

1115    So.    Pearl    St.,    C-40,    Denver    10,    Colo. 


Works 


with  you... 
Makes  work  easier! 

•  Stanley  has  designed  this  nail  hammer  to 
i  swing  along  with  you,  to  jget  the  job  done 
faster,  easier.  Drop  forged  head.  Pre-shrunk, 
straight  grain  hickory  handle  double  wedged 
in  the  head.  Stanley  Tools,  163  Elm  St., 
Ijfew  Britain,  Conn. 

THE  TOOL  BOX  OF  THE  WORLD 

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OVERALLS 


AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

4  vols.  $6 


InsideTrade  Inf  ormafien 

for  Carpenters,  Builders,  Join- 
ers, Baildinff  Mechanics  and  all 


gressive  course  for  the  appren- 
tice and  stodent.  A  practical 
daily  helper  and  Quick  Refer- 
ence for  the  master  worker. 
Carpenters  everywhere  are  as- 
iag  these  Guides  as  a  Helpinc 
Hand  to  Easier  Work.  Better 
Work  and  Better  Pay.  To  get 
this  assistance  for  yours«lf. 
simply  finjn  and_ 
znail 


nply  611  in  and 

lil  FREE  COUPON  below. 


Inside  Trade  Information  On: 

How  to  use  the  steel  square— How  to  file  and 

set  saws — ^How  to  build  furniture — How  to  use 

a  raltre  box — How  to  use  the  chalt  line — How 

to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 

Carpenters    arithmetic — Solving   mensuration 

problems — Estimating  strength  of  timbers — 

How  to  set  girders  and  slllsf — How  to  frame 

houses  and  roofs— How  to  estimate  costs — How 

to  build  houses,  barns,  garages,  bimgalows,  etc. 

— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 

specifications — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 

settings  12, 13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 

to  build  hoists  and  scaffolds- skylights — How 

to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  interior  trim —    . 

How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors — How  to  paint. 

■  ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■M«MnHM^BMMMBB»MMTOW«™*«»MM»WW  »■*■■»■«•■ 

AUDEL,  Publishers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  York  10.  N.  Y. 

Mail  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  on  7  days'  fre« 
trial.  If  OK  I  will  remit  $1  in  7  days  and  $1  monthly  until  $6  Is.paM. 
—Otherwise  I  will  return  them.  No  obligation  unless  I  am  satisfied. 

Name - 


Occupation- 


Employed  by- 


CAR 


ACLE    WEDGE 


COPYRIGHT.    l»SO.    OVERHEAD    DOOR   CORPORATION 


■  I     i  -     -.< 


%  Because  quality  cuts  costs,  users  of  The  "OVERHEAD  DOOR" 
with  the  Miracle  Wedge  are  assured  superior  value.    Here  is 
long  lasting  service  at  minimum  cost.   The  best  in  millwork,  the 
best  in  hardware  and  all  materials,  the  best  in  workmanship 
go  into  this  quality  door.    It  is  built  for  residential,  commercial, 
Industrial   and   rural   use.    Any  "OVERHEAD   DOOR"   may  be 
manually  or  electrically  operoted.    Be  sure  the  door  you  specify  ^ 

At 

bears  the  trade  mark  above  —  the  symbol  of  superior  value 
in  doors. 
TRACKS   AND   HARDWARE   OF  SALT  SPRAY  STEEL 


•     Etery    'OVERHEAD    DOOR"    has    the 
Miracle  Wedge  wealherllghf  closure  which 
wedges    lightly,    yet    opens    easily.     Tracks 
carrying   the  door  are   slanted,  allowing  it 
to  lift  upward  and  roll  bock  on  full-floating, 
ball    bearing   rollers.   The    descending  door 
dredges  tightly  against  casings  and  header. 


NATION-WIDE    Sales  —  Installation  —  Service 

OVERHEAD  DOOR  CORPORATION  •  Hartford  City,  Indiana,  U.S.A. 


.MANUFACTURING     DIVISIONS 


CIENDAIE.  CAIIFOINIA 
OKLAHOMA  CITY,  OKLAHOMA 


DETROIT.   MICHIGAM 
rOariAND,  OIECON 


HIILSIOE,  NEW  JERSEY 
lEWISTOWfN,  PENNSYLVANIA 


CORTLAND,   NEW     YORK 
DALUS,  TEXAS 


NTER 


FOUNDED    1881 


Official  Publication   of  the 
UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS  of  AMERICA 


MAY,     1950 


And  on  every  cut  SKIL  Saw  balance  and  power 
make  the  job  easier! 

Try  SKIL  Saw  on  the  tough  cuts.  Learn  what  easy-handling  really 
means.  Take  SKIL  Saw  with  you  up  on  the  job.  On  overhead  work  SKIL 
Saw's  two  handles  mean  safer,  more  positive  control.  On  the  simple  cuts, 
SKIL  Saw  leaves  one  hand  free  for  materials  handling.  And  SKIL  Saw, 
not  you,  does  the  work.  SKIL  Saw's  power  and  durability  make  it  tops 
for  all  construction  sawing.  Choose  from  9  hard-working  models  with 
capacities  to  4%  inches.  Ask  your  SKIL  Tool  Distributor  to  demonstrate 
easy-handling  SKIL  Saw  today. 

SKIL  products  are  made  only  by 

SKILSAW,   INC. 

5033  Elslon  Ave.,  Chicago  30,  III. 

Factory  Branches  in  Principal  Cities 

kn  Canada:  SKILTOOLS,  LTD.,  66  Portland  St.,  Toronto,  Ont. 


PORTABLE^TOOLS 


9  SKIi.  J 
Say*  Models 

give  you  "the  right  saw  for  every   use 
v/irti  blade  sizes  from  6  to  12  inches. 


Handle  Nlore  Job  Work 

FASTER  '  EASIER 


With  These 


H&A  TOOLS 


BIG  9"  H&A  Heavy-Duty 
I  TILTING    ARBOR   SAW 

I      Hat  nearly  the  capacity  of  ether  10"  models.  Capacity  2Vx" 
\      on  straight  cuts.  }Vt"  on  45°  bevel  cuts. 


Use  it  in  your  shop  or  push  it  from  room 
to  room  on  the  job.^  It  will  do  all  your 
cross-cutting,  ripping,  bevel-cutting,  da- 
doing, mitering,  grooving,  ploughing,  ten- 
oning, rabbeting^  and  practically  every 
other  type  of  cut. 

Large  oversize  table  handles  work  up 
to  24"  wide.  Equipped  with  fxill  length 
rip  fence,  miter  gauge,  and  many  other 
features  that  save  time  and  lumber. 


Model  2800 

Relit  Anywhere  on 
Cotter  Bote 


The  Mhf  6-inth  JOINJtR  with 


•  ^/t'Mch  Rabbeting  Capacity 

•  60x8'inch  Table 

•  37x4'inch  Wting,  Swiveling  Fence 


H&A  Model  5860  win  do  your  dress- 
ing  work  faster  and  better  than  any  tool  of  its 
kind  ever  developed.  Its  60-inch  table  handles  ex- 
tra-long stock  easily.  Its  37-inch  fence  tilts  to  45 
degrees  for  edging,  swivels  to  7  degrees  for  shear 
cutting  of  grainy  woods.  Safer,  too  —  with  all 
moving  parts  metal  sheathed  and  guard  that  moves 
over  cutter  as  fence  slides  forward.  This  new 
H&A  Jointer  now  performs  operations  which 
formerly  required  larger,  more  expensive  machines. 

See  these  two  H&A  Tools  at  your  dealers  TOD  A  Y.  1}  he  does  not  have  them,  write  us  and  we'll 
direct  you  to  a  dealer  who  does  in  a  hurry.  Literature  and  prices  mailed  without  obligation. 


HESTON  &  ANDERSON 


•   607  W.  Kirkwood  Street 
Fairfield.  Iowa 


TTO^^^NTCR 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  March,    1913 


A  Monthly  Journal,  Ovmed   and  Published   by  the   United   Brotherhood   of   Carpenters    and    Joinera 
of  America,  for  all  its  Members  of  all  its  Branches. 

PETER  E.  TERZICK,  Editor 

Carpenters'  Building,  222  E.  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis  4,  Indiana 


Established  in  1881 
Vol.  LXX— No.  5 


INDIANAPOLIS,    MAY,    1950 


One   Dollar  Per  Year 
Ten  Cents  a  Copy 


Con  tents  — 


Labor  Will  Save  Democracy 


A  noted  college  professor  visualizes  the  labor  movement  as  the  conservative  force 
of  our  day.  In  its  drive  for  greater  security  for  the  working  man,  organized  labor  is 
laying  the  foundation  for  a  stable  economy  that  can  and  will  save  democracy,  the 
professor  concludes  after  a  good  deal  of  study. 


The   Military   Needs  Watching 


12 

Military  Brass  Hats  are  creating  a  very  unhealthy  situation  in  many  establishments 
under  their  control  by  placing  enlisted  men  in  jobs  which  heretofore  have  been  filled  by 
civilian  craftsmen  for  generations.  With  the  military  constantly  seeking  to  extend  its 
control  over  essentially  civilian   affairs,  there  is   more  at  stake   in  the  move  than   gobs. 


Imports  Won't  Hurt  Us 


18 

In  addition  to  the  billions  of  dollars  of  tax  money  which  the  government  has  sent 
European  nations  to  help  them  on  their  feet,  it  is  now  proposed  to  go  one  step  farther 
by  allowing  European  goods  to  enter  the  American  market  virtually  duty  free.  The 
top   labor  advisors   seem  to   think  these   imports   will    not  hurt  us. 


,  Pensions  In  Canada 


21 

Although  pension  programs  in  industry  have  a  relatively  long  history  in  Canada, 
a  recent  survey  shows  that  the  pension  plans  now  in  existence  are  hardly  adequate 
for  today's   conditions. 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 

Plane   Gossip 

Editorials 

The   Locker 

Official 

In  Memoriam 

Correspondence 

To  the  Ladies 

Craft    Problems 


16 

24 
26 

27 
28 
30 
36 
39 


Index  to  Advertisers 


46 


Entered  July   22,    1915,    at  INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second   class   mail   matter,    under    Act  of 

Congress,  Aug.  24,  1912.    Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for 

in   Section   1103,   act   of   October   3,    1917,    authorized   on    July    8,    1918. 


CARPENTERS 

BUILDERS  and  APPRENTICES 


Get  the  practical  training  you  need 

for  PROMOTION, 

INCREASED  INCOME 


Prepare  now  for  more  pay,  greater  success. 
Hundreds  have  quickly  advanced  to  foreman, 
superintendent,  inspector,  estimator,  contrac- 
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ing. Your  practical  experience  aids  your  suc- 
cess. 

Learn  how  to  lay  out  and  run  building  jobs,  read 
blue  prints,  estimate  building  costs,  superintend  con- 
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plans  and  specifications — same  as  used  by  superin- 
tendents and  contractors.  Over  46  years  of  experi- 
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FREE 


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FHOROUGH  TRAINING  IN  IBUILDING 

Learn  at  Home  in  Your  Spare  Time 

The  successful  builder  will  tell  you 
hat  the  way  to  the  top-pay  jobs  and 
mccess  in  Building  is  to  get  thorough 
knowledge  of  blue  prints,  building  con- 
struction and  estimating. 

n  this  Chicago  Tech  Course,  you  learn  to 
■ead  bine  prints — the  universal  language  of 
be  builder — and  understand  specifications — 
or  all  types  of  buildings. 

?ou  learn  building  construction  details : 
oundations,  walls,  roofs,  windows  and  doors, 
irches,  stairs,  etc. 

Ton  learn  how  to  lay  out  work  and  direct 
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sent  to  you  Free.  See  for  yourself  how  this 
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coupon  today  in  an  envelope  or  use  penny 
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r 


Chicago    Technical    College 

E-122  Tech  Bldg.,  2000  So.  Michigan  Ave. 

Chicago   16,   111. 

Mail  me  Free  Blue  Print  Plans  and  Booklet : 
"How  to  Read  Bine  Prints"  with  information 
about  how   I  can   train   at  home. 

Name Age 


Address 


CHICAGO    TECHNICAL    COLLEGE 

TECH  BLDG.,  2000  SOUTH  MICHIGAN  AVE.,  CHICAGO  16,  ILL. 


I    Ask  any  carpenter  who  ever  worked  In  the  West  and  he'll  tell  you . . . 
{    Thers's  nothing  like  a  mlm  made 


^^« 


The  fevortte  Carpenter  Overall  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  for  over  25  years,  now 
being  made  avoifabfe  throughout  the  tountry. 
Costs  o  littJe  more,  but  worth  a  tot  more! 


SffongboW  Sfeve 


CARPENTER 
OVERALL 

With  Stop-Loss  pockets 


Ask  your  dealer 
for  them.  If 
unavailable, 
order  a  pair 
direct. 


High  back 
and  wide 
suspenders 


2  large  Duck 
hip  pockets  and 


Combination 

Stop-Loss 
pencil  and 
safety  watch 
pocket  on 
dip  front  bib 


5  compartment' ' 
reinforced  Duck 
swinging 
nail  pocket 


2  hammer's  traps 


Stop-Loss  rule 
or  pliers  pocket 
of  Duck 


2  Duck  front 
pockets 


Double  knees 


BROWNSTEIN-LOUIS   COMPANY 

Makers  of  Stronghold  Work  Clotliing  since  18  97 

1228  SAN  JULIAN  STREET,  LOS  ANGELES   15,  CALIFORNIA 

Send  me pairs  Stronghold  Union  Made  Carpenter 

Overalls  with  Stop-Loss  pockets 

In  sizes  32  to  42  waist.  In  sizes  44  to  50  waist, 

length  30  to  34,  each         length  30  to  34,  each 

$4.25      postage  paid  $4.50     postage  paid 

Money-back  guarantee  if  not  satisfied. 

Send  your  exact  size  ( these  are  full  cut  overalls  )  and  a 

check    □    or  money  order   □    for  immediate  deliver>'. 

SIZE:   W'aiit Length 


CITY ZONE 


Nothing  can  fall 
out  of  Stop-Loss 
pockets.  The  patented 
Stop-Loss  safety  pockets 
on  the  bib  and  side  of 
leg  will  prevent  loss  of 
valuable  tools  and  keep 
your  watch  from  injury. 
These  Stop-Loss  pockets 
and  many  other  properly 
placed  pockets  and 
straps  give  you  real  help 
on  the  job. 

(*less  fhan  1%  residual 
shrinkage.  Govt,  test.) 


No.  640  Brown 
No.  641  Black 


(OUGH  FINISH  LEATHER  UPPERS  on  HI-Bruiser  to 

4ve  more  friction,  more  wear,  more  safety. 

tiVETEO  LACE  EYELETS  all  the  way  to  the  top. 

'^o  lace-hooks  to  bend  shut. 

lOFT  HORSEHIDE  TOE  gives  you  a  tighter,  safer 

lold  when  kneeling. 

JCED  TO  THE  TOE  for  firm  fit  and  strong  sup' 

»ort.  An  important  HI-Bruiser  safety  feature! 

:n  case  of  a  fall  or  foot  injury,  one  quick  cut 

vith  a  knife  will  open  this  shoe  right  down  to 

he  toe.  Pull  it  off  or  kick  it  off  in    seconds. 

XEOPRENE  CREPE  SOLES  on  both  models,  extended 

it  sides  for  longer  wear,  double-stitched  to  stop 

:urltng  and  splitting  away  from 

he    shoe.    NEOPRENE    Crepe 

s  resistant  to  nail  puncture! 

rWO  THICKNESSES  OF  HEAVY  COW- 

1I0E,  in    HI-Bruiser    model, 

vrapped    around    your    ankles. 

Dnly  double-upper  shoe  made! 

tTEEL  ARCH  SUPPORT  for   all-day 

x>infort  and  body  balance. 

lAWHIDE  LACES  in  HI-Bruiser; 

leat,  strong  woven  lace,  black 

ar  brown,  in  LO-Bruiser. 


Hf-MUfSri! 


i  iiiliPENTER'S  shoe 


•  To  make  this  rugged  shoe  just  right  for  you, 

we've  studied  your  job.  We've  asked  journeymaa 

carpenters  what  they  want  in  a  shoe  and  taken  their 

good  advice.  Then  we  made 

a  shoe,  a  carpenter's  shoe,  and 

job-tested   it   on   the   feet  of 

men  who  do  your  work,   A 

few    changes   to    get    it    just 

right,    another    test    on    the 

job,    and    here    it    is  . .  .  the 

Thorogood  "BRUISER". . . 

/  ^  --■  ^^HMIMIIL      America's  only  shoe  that  is 

made  to  fit  your  job  as  well  as 

to  fit  your  feet ! 

THOROGOOD    BRUISERS"  ARE  lOO^c  UNION  MADE 


No.  633  Natural 


WHERE  TO  BUY  THE  "BRUISER' 


There  are  more  than  10,000  Thoro- 
good Shoe  Dealers  in  the  United 
States  and  Cuba.  If  one  of  these 
dealers    isn't    near    YOUR    home. 


send  us  this  coupon 


ALBERT   H, 


COMPANY 

MILWAUKEE  1,  WISCONSIN 

Shoemakers  for  more  than  50  yean 

• 

Makers    of    Thorogood    Work    Shoes    and 
Children's  Shoes  and  Bondshire  Dress  Shoes 


fiat's  WEINBRENNER  ...  a  name  to  remember  for  good 


Albert  H.  Weinbrenner  Co. 
2025  North  Summif  Avenue 
Milwaukee  1,  Wisconsin 

Please  tell  me  at  once,  without  ony  obligation,  the  name  and 
address  of  the  Thorogood  Shoe  Dealer  nearest  my  home.  I  want 
to  see  the  new  "BRUISER"  for  corpenfers. 

My  name  is 

My  street  address  is 

City Zone ....  Stole 


1 


CRACKED  PLASTER- 

an  opportunity  for  carpenters! 


It  can  truly  be  said  that  the  car- 
penter who  makes  a  business  of  re- 
covering cracked  ceilings  is  never  out 
of  a  job! 

For  cracked,  unsightly  and  unsafe 
ceilings  are  everywhere! 

Independent  surveys  show  that 
two  out  of  every  three  homes  have  one 
or  more  rooms  with  cracked  ceilings 
in  need  of  repair. 

Think  what  this  means  to  you! 

You,  as  a  carpenter,  have  the  skill 
— and  you  can  get  the  material — to 
supply  the  only  satisfactory  answer 
to  the  cracked  ceiling  problem. 

Patching  and  makeshift  plaster 
repairs  never  are  satisfactory — never 
last. 


^-covering  cracked  ceilings  is 
rightfully  your  job.  It  can  be  yours 
if  you  wMl  only  step  up  and  ask  for  it. 

You  can  save  the  housewife  from 
the  ordeal  of  re-plastering.  You  can 
save  her  from  the  seeping,  floating, 
gritty  white  dust  that  causes  need- 
less housecleaning  drudgery! 


For  you — and  only  you  as  a  car- 1 
penter — can  apply  an  Upson  Ceiling 
right  over  old  plaster.  Using  Upson 
Kuver-Krak  Panels  and  Upson  Float- 
ing Fasteners,  you  can  buUd  a  beau- 


tiful ceiling,  that  will  remain  forever 
crackproof.  A  ceihng  that  will  bring 
praise  from  your  customer.  A  ceiling 
that  you  will  be  proud  of  yourself. 

And  you  will  enjoy  working  on 
the  job  too.  Upson  Kuver-Krak 
Panels  are  clean,  light  in  weight,  easy 
to  handle,  easy  to  apply.  Nearly  all 
lumber  dealers  carry  them  in  stock. 
Mouldings,  furring  strips,  Upson 
No.  2  Floating  Fasteners  and  nails 
are  all  you  need. 

Send  the  coupon  now  for  simple 
Instruction  Sheet.  Get  started  now 
on  these  pleasant,  profitable  all-the- 
year  jobs. 

For  the  best  possible  job — insist 
on  5-ply  Kuver-Krak  Panels — so 
identified  on  every  panel. 


•  • 

TH  E      UPSON      COMPANY     435    Upson    Point,  Loekport,   New    York         \ 

Send  me  Instruction  Sheet  and  information  for  applying  5  ply  Upson  Kuver-Krak  Panels  • 
for  Upson  Ceilings.                                                                                                                                                   • 

NAWF                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 

<;tpfft                                                                                                                                                                                 • 

•  • 

• 
CITY                                                                                                       STATE                                                                                                1     • 

Z^'VpUTt 


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?' 


'ed/    THERE'S   A    BIG 
DIFFERENCE  IN   NAILS! 


Nichols  Never-Sfain  Aluminum 
Nails  are  etched  from  head  to 
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ALUMINUM     IS     NOT     A     SUBSTITUTE'. 


LABOR  WILL  SAVE  DEMOCRACY 

• 

WRITING  IN  the  April  issue  of  "The  Reporter"  magazine,  Frank  Tan- 
nenbaum,  Cokimbia  Uni\ersity  professor,  xisuahzes  the  trade  union 
mo\'ement  as  the  greatest  hope  for  saving  our  democratic  society 
from  the  numerous  forces  presently  militating  against  it.  The  trade  union 
mo\'ement,  says  Tannenbaum,  is  the  consenati\e  force  of  our  time.  It  is  not 
an  instrument  against  society  but  rather  an  additional  way  of  organizing  so- 
ciet)",  not  merely  as  to  its  labor,  but  in  all  of  its  other  forms.  \\^hen  it  comes 
into  being  in  a  community,  the  politics,  the  economy,  the  family  life,  the 
morals,  the  relationships  between  men,  and  the  whole  social  structure  are 
modified.  Thus  the  Columbia  professor  in  his  article  entitled  "Union  in  1950: 
Not  Bread  Alone,"  sees  the  trade  union  mo\'ement  gradually  building  a  stable 
and  lasting  economy  free  from  the  fluctuations  and  uncertain  factors  that  have 
made  the  industrial  age  a  perilous  one  for  many  working  people.  In  part, 
Tannenbaum  points  out  in  his  thought-provoking  article: 

"The  trade  union  is  the  conservative     


force  of  our  time.  It  is  conservative 
because,  while  endlessly  bargaining, 
compromising,  and  battling  for  more 
pay,  it  is  pushing  to  restore  certain 
old  values  — self-respect,  fellowship, 
and  securit}  — that  men  need  in  their 
work.  These  values  were  largely  lost 
after  the  Industrial  Revolution  flung 
labor  from  field  to  factory,  replaced 
the  Nillage  with  the  cit>^,  and  the  mas- 
ter craftsman  with  the  modem  cor- 
poration. 

"Big  industrialism  can  offer  bread, 
or  at  best  cake,  but  it  has  proved  in- 
adequate to  meet  the  ethical  and 
moral  needs  of  men;  the  union,  with 
all  of  its  faults,  may  yet  save  the  cor- 
poration, and  the  efficiency  that  goes 
with  it. 

"The  unions  are  building  their  own 
natural  'society,'  their  ow^n  cohesive 
labor  force,  which  endows  its  mem- 
bers with  a  sense  that  they  count,  that 
the\-  will  be  helped  by  their  fellows 
in  times  of  hardship.  All  real  societies 
have  possessed  these  values— values 
that  give  some  ethical  substance  to 


man  on  his  joudney  from  the  cradle 
to  the  grave.  From  this  point  of  view, 
the  challenge  to  management  by  the 
trade  union  is  salutary  and  hopeful. 
It  is  the  route— perhaps  the  only  one— 
for  saving  our  democratic  society,  and 
our  contemporary  industrial  system  as 
well.  In  some  way,  labor  must  achieve 
a  genuine  partnership  with  manage- 
ment and  share  more  and  more  re- 
sponsibility with  it." 

Outlining  the  growtli  of  the  indus- 
trial revolution,  Tannenbaum  traces 
the  growth  of  personal  insecurity 
with  the  growth  of  industrialization. 
Whereas  the  old  time  craftsman  had 
his  employer,  who  was  usually  a  close 
associate,  to  turn  to  in  time  of  need  or 
stress,  the  worker  in  the  industrial  era 
could  expect  little  help  or  sympathy 
from  the  coi-poration  that  employed 
him.  The  onset  of  industrial  progress 
desti-oyed  tlie  closeness  of  family 
bonds;  it  eliminated  the  cohesi\-eness 
of  the  \-illage  communit>-  and  the  par- 
ish to  which  the  freeholder  had  al- 
ways  turned   in   time   of  trouble.    It 


10 


THE    CARPENTER 


was  this  great  sense  of  insecurit}'  that 
brought  the  trade  union  into  being. 
Down  the  }"ears  the  chief  struggle  of 
unionism  has  been  to  build  up  a  sense 
of  security  for  the  individual  worker 
in  a  highly  insecure  societ}^  This  con- 
stant struggle  for  greater  security'  is 
the  great  consen,'ative  force  in  our 
present  societ}%  Tannenbaum  thinks. 
As  such,  he  sees  in  it  the  one  great 
hope  for  saving  our  democratic  so- 
ciet}'  and  free  enterprise  system  under 
which  such  great  progress  has  been 
made. 

Linking  labor's  increased  demands 
for  not  only  wage  increases,  but 
greater  social  securit\^— such  as  the 
annual  wage— with  a  changing  rela- 
tionship between  employee  and  man- 
agement, the  author  states  that  there 
is  an  "ever-increasing  sense  of  inter- 
dependence bet^veen  a  union  and  a 
company.  It  is  clear,  indeed,  that  an 
annual  wage  can  only  be  derived 
from  a  stable  and  profitable  enter- 
prise, and  that  it  can  be  regularly 
sustained  only  if  workers  assume  their 
need  of  responsibilit)'  for  keeping  the 
enterprise  stable  and  profitable,  to 
share  with  management  some  of  the 
problems  and  the  burdens  of  impro\- 
ing  quality,  increasing  quantity',  and 
cutting  costs." 

The  President's  Fact  Finding  Board 
activities  in  the  steel  dispute  of  1949 
suggests,  the  author  continues,  "that 
workers  ha\'e  a  \"ery  direct  and  con- 
tinuing stake  in  the  total  well-being 
of  the  industry,"  if  the  industry  is  to 
become  the  primary  source  of  tlie 
worker's  social  security.  The  proposal 
of  the  Board  "which  in  its  implica- 
tions marks  a  new  departure  in  the 
U.  S.  mdustrial  relations  pattern,  is 
tliat  a  new  program  of  social  security', 
to  be  paid  for  by  industr\-,  with  the 
blessing  if  not  the  active  support  of 
go\ernment,  is  now  to  be  inaugu- 
rated. In  broad  outlines,  this  proposal 
has  been  adopted  b\'  the  automobile- 


telephone,    iiibber   and   other   indus- 
tries, e\en  if  in  modified  form." 

Such  proposals  imply,  the  autlior 
says,  "the  identification  of  the  work- 
er's life-long  interests  with  the  for- 
tunes of  a  company  or  an  industrv^  in 
which  his  lot  happens  to  be  cast,"  as 
not  onh'  his  job,  but  such  benefits  as 
medical  care,  maternit}'  and  sickness 
insurance,  and  related  benefits  are 
also  involved. 

Thus,  labor  will  not  only  be  work- 
ing more  closely  with  management, 
but  will  have  an  active  voice  in 
management  as  union  members  will 
prosper  and  be  secure  only  as  their 
companies  prosper  and  are  secure. 

Peering  into  the  future,  Tannen- 
baum sees  hopeful  signs  of  a  decen- 
tralization of  our  industrial  might;  a 
shift  from  huge  cold-blooded  corpora- 
tions operating  in  dht}',  crowded 
cities,  to  smaller  plants  located  in 
clean  airy  communities  closer  to  na- 
ture. In  this  respect,  he  ventures  to 
make  the  following  predictions: 

"Our  giant  plants  and  congested 
cities,  our  national  industries  and  na- 
tional unions,  all  result  from  the  way 
in  which  we  organize  our  energ}"— of 
hand,  brain,  and  machine.  The  big, 
centralized,  and  complex  character  of 
our  economy  has  been  molded  by 
our  industrial  arts  and  technology. 
But  a  change  in  the  technological 
basis  of  the  econom}',  from  the  big 
and  centralized  and  complex  to  the 
small  and  spreadout  and  simple,  now 
seems  very  possible. 

"Man}^  signs  portend  it— the  auto- 
mobile, the  mechanization  of  the 
farm,  the  radio,  tele\ision,  the  com- 
pact new  units  for  generating  electric  ^ 
power,  deep  freeze  units,  and  the 
rapid  spread  of  hydroponics  (gro%\iii 
of  plants  witliout  soil)  and  fish  farm- 
ing which  together  make  it  possible  to 
raise  food  in  incredibly  small  space. 

"Perhaps  within  a  reasonable  time 
the  industrial  unit  will  be  small— em- 


THE    CARPENTER  11 

ploying  not  more  than  Rve  hundred  tional  and  an  international  market.   It 

people.   It  may  well  be  that  a\;ailable  would  limit  the  role  of  the  modem 

energy  and  technology  can  keep  hours  corporation  and  the  modern  union.   It 

of  labor  short.    The  local  plot  of  land  would  fa\'or  proprietary  ownership,  so 

and  the  local  pond  could  then  per-  essential  to  moral  and  personal  iden- 

haps  pro\'ide  alternative  opportunities  tity  with  the  ^^'ork  done.   I  would  like 

for  emplo>'ment.    The  new  diesel  en-  to  confess  the  hope  that  this  dispensa- 

gines    and    electric    windmills    could  tion   will   come   to   rule   the   lives   of 

furnish    electric   energy   to  enable  men,  and  bring  to  them  that  sanity 

skilled  craftsmen  to  use  power  tools  and  sense  of  values  which  they  can 

in  their  homes  instead  of  the  factory,  find  only  within  small  groups  about  a 

If  all  this  should  happen,  a  \'ery  dif-  common  task,  in  the  parochial  com- 

ferent    econom}'   would    emerge.     It  munity,  and  in  close  contact  with  the 

would  reduce  the  importance  of  a  na-  soil." 


New  York  Council  Honors  Home  Guests 

While  conferring  with  the  General  Executive  Board  during  its  mid-winter 
session  in  Lakeland,  Florida,  Charles  W.  Hanson,  president  of  the  New  York 
State  Council,  conceived  the  idea  of  sponsoring  a  dinner  for  all  the  guests  at 
the  Home  who  hail  from  New  York  State.  Suiting  action  to  the  idea,  arrange- 
ments for  such  a  dinner  were  made  at  The  Cadet  Restaurant.  With  the  assis- 
tance of  Marshall  Goddard,  Home  Supervisor,  ample  transportation  for  taking 
care  of  the  old  timers  from  New  York  State  was  provided.  In  a  body  they 
arri^'ed  at  the  restaurant  to  sit  down  to  a  fine  dinner  at  which  each  and  every 
one  of  them  was  a  guest  of  honor.  A  happier  group  of  men  could  not  be 
found  in  the  state.  With  anywhere  from  thirty  to  fifty  years  of  membership 
in  the  United  Brotherhood  to  their  credit,  they  had  a  common  heritage  of 
loyalty  and  faithfulness  to  the  cause  of  labor. 

Food,  cigars  and  refreshments,  all  of  the  best,  were  plentiful,  and  the  old 
timers  did  justice  to  them  all.  Happily  the  elder  craftsmen  whose  sinew  and 
skill  helped  to  create  the  majesty  and  might  of  New  York  State  relived  old 
days  and  hashed  over  old,  half -for  gotten  incidents.  The  hours  slipped  by  as 
they  reached  back  briefly  into  the  days  of  their  era. 

Charles  Johnson,  Jr.,  Board  Member  from  the  First  District,  spoke  briefly 
and  recalled  the  great  contributions  which  the  old  timers  made  to  the  build- 
ing of  the  United  Brotherhood  into  the  solid  and  stable  organization  it  has 
become.  He  thanked  them  one  and  all  for  the  years  of  loyalty  and  de\'otion 
they  gave  to  organized  labor.  Albert  Miltner,  New  York  City  business  repre- 
sentative, also  made  a  short  address  in  which  he  lauded  the  fine  work  which 
old  timers  are  still  performing  in  all  localities  in  the  state.  At  the  conclusion 
of  the  dinner,  Hanson  presented  each  of  the  honored  guests  with  a  nice  me- 
mento. And  thus  came  to  an  end  a  very  memorable  occasion. 


Are  You  REGISTERED?  If  not,  why  not? 


12 


The  Military  Needs  Watching 

•  •  • 

ORGANIZED  labor  has  watched  with  increasing  concern  the  growth  of 
an  unhealthy  practice  in  establishments  which  are  controlled  by  the 
military.  The  practice  consists  of  using  enlisted  personnel  to  do  work 
that  has  been  done  traditionally  by  civilian  workers  at  civilian  rates  of  pay. 
The  Army  has  done  a  fair  share  of  such  fudging  in  recent  years,  but  the  Na\y 
is  the  chief  offender.  In  many  Navy  Yards  throughout  the  nation  civilian 
workers  have  been  complaining  bitterly  at  the  growing  usurpation  of  civilian 
jobs  by  enlisted  personnel.  Actual  hardship  cases  have  been  reported,  as  dis- 
placed civilian  craftsmen  have  had  to     ^ '. 

tear  up  roots  and  move  elsewhere  in 
search  of  employment  because  some 
service  men  were  filling  their  jobs. 
Numerous  complaints  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  Defense  regarding  the  prac- 
tice have  brought  forth  nothing  but 
denials.  Meanwhile,  the  practice  con- 
tinues. 

Last  month  the  Metal  Trades  De- 
partment of  the  Federation  really 
lowered  the  boom  on  the  Na\y  in  this 
connection.  The  Department  de- 
manded that  an  end  be  put  to  the 
dangerous  and  silly  practice  immedi- 
ately. In  a  clear  cut  statement  in  the 
Metal  Trades  Bulletin,  the  Depart- 
ment made  it  plain  that  more  than 
jobs  are  at  stake  in  the  issue.  In  part, 
that  statement  said: 


Howe\er,  the  latest  challenge  to 
the  navy  yard  worker  is  something 
else.  It  is  something  which  is  being 
fostered  and  carried  out  by  some  who 
are  either  not  aware  of  the  traditional 
practices  of  the  Navy  Department  in 
its  relation  with  ci\'ilian  employes,  or 
who  do  not  care.  The  new  practices 
are  alleged  to  result  in  economies  of 
operation  and  to  effect  economy  of 
government  spending. 

We  assert  that  present  practices,  in 
substituting  enlisted  personnel,  are 
neither    economical,    sound    strateg- 


ically, nor  fair  to  the  trained  navy 
shipyard  personnel.  Any  economies 
which  may  result  from  payroll  reduc- 
tion of  civilian  personnel  are  more 
than  balanced  by  the  numbers  re- 
quired to  perform  like  work  from 
other  sources. 

So  there  may  be  no  misunderstand- 
ing about  labor's  attitude  toward  the 
enlisted  sailor,  let  us  say  we  offer  no 
criticism  of  him  whatever.  We  have 
the  highest  admiration  for  him.  He 
represents  the  finest  type  of  young 
American  manhood.  The  vast  majority 
are  the  sons  of  workers.  Large  num- 
bers are  the  sons  of  men  who  are 
dependent  upon  work  in  the  naval 
shipyards  for  their  li\'elihood.  True 
to  their  oath  to  their  nation,  if  ordered 
they  are  compelled  to  carry  out  the 
orders  given  them,  dissatisfied  as  they 
may  be.  We  would  not  have  them  do 
otherwise. 

Further,  make  no  mistake  about  it, 
we  all  favor  economy  in  the  admin- 
istration of  our  go\'emment,  regard- 
less of  its  branch,  and  who  it  may 
affect.  But,  we  submit  that  it  is  not 
economy,  nor  is  it  just,  that  military 
personnel,  enlisted  for  military  dut}', 
with  the  attendant  benefits  and  obli- 
gations, be  used  to  replace  govern- 
ment employes  at  lower  rates  of  pay, 


THE     CARPENTER 


13 


and  yet  at  higher  aggregate  costs- 
that  compulsory  guaranteed  labor  be 
used  to  replace  free  labor.  This  is  to- 
talitarianism in  its  initial  stages. 

There  is  still  another  aspect  to  this 
invasion  of  civilian  rights  which  must 
be  apparent  to  those  charged  with  the 
administration  of  national  defense. 

Present  practices  create  the  possi- 
bility that  workers  in  the  future,  if 
they  are  recruited  for  naval  shipyard 
work,  will  request  rates  of  wages 
comparable  to  those  they  could  ob- 
tain in  private,  commercial  employ- 
ment. The  attraction  of  working  in 
the  navy  yard  will  be  dissipated  by 
the  knowledge  that  as  soon  as  enlisted 
sailors  are  a\'ailable  and  not  needed 
for  the  purpose  for  which  they  enlist- 
ed, they  will  take  the  mechanics'  jobs. 
Surely  this  is  not  a  very  inviting  pros- 
pect for  the  mechanic  or  the  recruit- 
ing of  one. 

In  addition  to  the  previous  com- 
ments, it  is  evident  that  attention 
shoud  be  focused  upon  another  phase 
of  current  developments  which  may 
well  transcend  in  importance  any 
other  question  which  has  been  raised. 

We  refer  to  the  gradual  usurping 
by  the  military  of  functions  which  are 
essentially  civilian.  We  agree  that  full 
and  complete  defense  measures  are 
necessary  to  protect  our  nation,  its 
people  and  our  way  of  life.  In 
accepting  this  premise,  American 
people  must  never  forget  that  our 
government  is  one  of  laws,  one  of 
representatives  chosen  by  the  people 
of  the  nation  in  free  elections;  a 
go\'ernment  responsive  to  the  wish  of 
the  majority  of  the  people,  or  as  it 
has  been  so  aptly  expressed,  "of,  for 
'  and  by  the  people." 

Under  such  a  form  of  government 
it  is  difficult  to  foresee  any  possibility 
of  that  government  being  challenged 
from  within. 

However,  we  assert  that  today  there 
exists   a   challenge   to   the   rights    of 


civilians.  This  is  evident  in  the  grad- 
ual assumption  by  the  Department  of 
Defense  in  the  replacement  of  free 
labor  by  enlisted,  military  personnel. 

It  is  not  difficult  to  envisage  mili- 
tary dictatorship,  without  military 
personnel  under  military  control  and 
conditions  carrying  out  every  phase 
of  defense  operations,  including  those 
civilian  in  character. 

In  the  formation  of  our  government 
it  was  never  proposed  that  the  mili- 
tary branches  should  be  a  law  or  body 
unto  themselves.  The  Constitution 
provides  for  a  civilian  commander-in- 
chief  in  the  person  of  the  President 
of  the  United  States.  This  principle 
has  been  further  carried  out  by  the 
selection  of  civilians  to  be  the  chiefs 
of  the  various  departments  of  defense. 
This  system  has  proved  eminently 
satisfactory  in  the  past.  Perhaps  not 
to  those  whose  horizon  is  clouded 
with  visions  of  an  entire  Nation's 
economy  and  people  being  subjected 
to  the  efficiency,  precision,  and  obei- 
sance of  a  marching  army,  but  we 
must  accept  the  fact  that  under  ci- 
vilian control,  we  as  a  nation,  have 
managed  to  get  the  job  done  for  a 
century  and  three-quarters.  Compari- 
son with  the  history  of  other  nations 
of  the  world,  who  have  moved  from 
monarchies  to  pseudo-democracies,  to 
dictatorships,  proves  the  wisdom  of 
continuing  civilian  control  of  all 
branches  and  agencies  of  our  gov- 
ernment. 

But,  we  must  submit  that  with  the 
complex,  scientific,  highly  technical 
development  of  defense  mechanisms, 
a  temptation  is  oflFered  to  military 
administrators  to  by-pass  the  ci^'ilian 
and  to  become  an  agency  apart  and 
free  from  the  everyday,  not  too  effi- 
cient seeming,  administration  of  a  real 
functioning  democracy  such  as  our 
own. 

The  nation  expects  its  civilian  ad- 
ministrators to  protect  it  against  any 
movement    which    might   destroy   or 


14 


THE    CARPENTER 


tend  to  destroy  its  essential  civilian 
character.  We  want  to  believe  that 
this  basic  comer-stone  of  our  freedom 
will  be  as  zealously  guarded  in  the 
future  as  it  has  been  in  the  past. 

We  believe  the  principle  must  be 
practiced,  not  on  the  basis  of  econ- 
omy of  operation  in  terms. of  dollars 
and  cents,  as  is  professed  at  the 
present  time  in  the  use  of  enlisted 
personnel  and  the  discharge  of  civil- 
ians, but  on  the  basis  of  the  preserva- 
tion of  an  ideal. 

Billions  of  dollars  have  been  spent 
in  the  past  to  preserve  our  democ- 


racy. Billions  are  being  spent  now. 
Billions  will  be  spent  in  the  future. 
Great  sacrifices  have  been  made  in 
devastating  wars.  We  do  not  propose 
to  permit  this  most  cherished  posses- 
sion of  the  people  of  our  nation  to  be 
undermined  and  menaced  under  the 
guise  of  economy  or  ambition. 

And,  we  further  submit,  that  we 
have  every  right  to  expect  that  work 
traditionally  performed  by  civilians 
continue  to  be  performed  by  them, 
and  that  any  move  away  from  tradi- 
tional civilian  administration  in  any 
branch  of  our  government  be  halted. 


LOCAL  UNION  1176,  GRADUATE  APPRENTICES 


Winding  up  the  four  years  of  study 
and  work,  seven  young  men  of  Fargo, 
N.  Dak.,  recently  received  their  journey- 
men certificates  at  a  banquet  held  at  the 
Graver  Hotel.  A  large  number  of  mem- 
bers of  Local  Union  1176,  friends  and 
contractors  saw  the  young  men  receive 
their  certificates  and  welcomed  them  into 
the  industry  as  qualified  journeymen  on 
the  6th  day  of  December,  1949. 

Reading  from  left  to  right  are:  Earl  Bus- 
by, Director  of  Apprentice  Training  Service; 
Wilfred  Hemm,  Robert  Carson,  Orville  Swan- 
son,  Wilbur  Hemm,  Joe  Henning,  Governor 
Fred  G.  Aandahl,  Talbert  Odegaard,  Oliver 
Stoutland,  Contractor,  Ervin  Jacobson,  Harry 
Blair    and    Charlie    Carson. 


SAN  DIEGO  AUXILIARY  COMPLETES  23rd  YEAR 

The  Editor: 

Cheerio,  and  all  good  wishes  to  our  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  170,  San 
Diego,  Calif. 

We  were  organized  October  28,  1926,  and  recently  celebrated  our  23rd  year.  Since 
1941,  oiu-  Brotlier  Local  1571  has  permitted  the  Auxiliary  to  hold  meetings  in  its  hall, 
located  at  3760  Fainnount  Ave.,  E.  San  Diego,  without  charge. 

The  following  are  a  few  of  the  highlights  of  our  activities  during  the  past  year: 

Every  second  Saturday  evening  we  have  social  meetings,  with  our  families  attending, 
^vhich  include  potluck  suppers,  games,  dancing,  etc.  The  third  Thursday  evening  of  the 
montli,  we  do  charity  sewing,  and  serve  refreshments  to  the  men  after  their  meeting.  Our 
regular  business  meeting  is  held  every  fourth  Friday  of  the  month.  A  luncheon  precedes 
the  meeting. 

We  hold  a  bazaar  and  dinner  annually,  which  is  our  largest  money-making  e\ent  of  the 
year.    Last  year  we  bought  a  new  range  for  the  kitchen. 

A  benefit  dance  is  sponsored  by  Local  1571  every  fourth  Saturday  evening  with  our 
Auxiliary  serving  the  refreshments,  proceeds  of  which  go  to  help  some  needy  member. 

The  California  State  Council  of  Carpenters  held  its  22nd  Annual  Convention  in  San 
Diego,  March  2,  3,  4,  5,  1950,  and  all  tlie  five  joint  Ladies'  Auxiliaries  from  the  "Deep 
South"  or  San  Diego  County,  entertained  the  \isiting  ladies  who  attended  the  Convention. 

Fraternally, 

Del   Schulte,  Recording   Secretary. 


Be  sure  your 
Local  Union 
books  a  showing 
of  these  two 
United  Brother- 
hood films — 


THIS  IS  YOUR  BROTHERHOOD 


and 


CARPENTERS  HOME 


3s:x?\?os:x>^-N>:rx>s> 


Produced  by  authorization  of  the  General  Executive  Board, 
tliese  two  films— in  color  and  sound— show  the  General  Office  in 
action  and  the  Lakeland  Home  taking  care  of  old  time  members. 
There  is  no  charge  for  the  use  of  these  films.  They  are  loaned  out 
by  the  General  Office  on  a  first  come,  first  served  basis,  to  Locals, 
Councils  and  Auxiliaries.  If  you  haven't  seen  these  films,  urge  your 
Local  Union  to  book  a  showing  as  soon  as  possible.  Take  it  up  at 
the  next  meeting.  Full  details  may  be  obtained  by  dropping  a 
note  to: 

Maurice  A.  Hutcheson, 

First   General    Vice-President, 

Carpenters  Bldg.,  222  E.  Jlichigan  St. 
Indianapolis  4,  Indiana. 


£^£^CNC:^>0£Ng;C^O£;^JCNO£N55CVC^^ 


BUT  JOE  KEEPS  TRYING 

Joe  Paup  is  a  stubborn  man.  Else  he 
would  realize  the  utter  futility  "of  beginning 
each  monthly  session  of  check  writing  with 
a  tirade  against  his  wife's  extravagance.  He 
never  wins.  Take  the  time  he  accused  her 
of  buying  furs  just  to  show  off  in  church. 
What  was  her  reply? 

"Joe,  dear,"  she  sweetly  retorted,  "you 
are  all  wrong— as  usual.  I  bought  them  just 
to  show  what  a  sweet,  generous  husband 
I  have." 

Another  time  he  said,  "Baby,  we  simply 
have  to  economize.  If  I  died,  where  would 
you  be?"  To  which  she  retorted,  "I'd  be 
right  here.  The  question  is,  where  would 
you  be?" 

Still  stubbornly  persisting,  Joe  dourly  ob- 
served on  another  occasion,  "If  I  had 
known  you  were  so  extravagant,  I  would 
never  have  married  you."  To  which  tlie 
lady  cooly  retorted,  "If  I  hadn't  been,  father 
would  never  have  let  you." 

You  would  think  all  this  would  have 
taught  Joe  to  keep  his  big  mouth  shut.  But 
no!  The  very  next  month  at  bill  paying 
time    he    cracked,     "Your    extravagance    is 


©  1950  C^AHL  ^TAMMTzl 

IT'hink  you  could  slip  a  few  clauses 
into  a  contract  I'm  negotiating  with 
the  union?" 


&"^5 1 P 


unbearable.     When    I    die    you'll    probably! 
have  to  beg." 

Without  dropping  a  stitch  in  her  knitting, 
Mrs.  P.  demolished  him  with,  "Well,  I, 
should  be  better  off  than  some  poor  women  ^ 
who  have  never  had  any  practice." 

•  •      •  . 
ON  THE   SLOW   SIDE 

In  the  expectation  that  unemployment 
will  pass  the  five  million  mark  in  June  when 
the  1950  crop  of  high  school  and  college 
graduates  hits  the  labor  market,  the  Amer- 
ican Federation  of  Labor  is  urging  strong 
and  immediate  action  to  stop  the  upward 
trend  of  joblessness  before  it  is  too  late. 
Among  other  remedial  measures,  tlie  AFL' 
recommends  a  substantial  increase  in  the; 
buying  power  of  the  nation's  workers: 
through  wage  increases.  Increasing  pro-i 
ductivity  and  more  than  adequate  profits 
place  many  industries  in  a  position  where 
they  could  raise  wages  moderately  without! 
increasing  prices.  However,  neither  thei 
goverrmient  nor  business  in  general  seem; 
very  much  concerned  about  the  alarming' 
trend  that  is  developing  in  the  job  market.. 
For  our  money  they  sort  of  resemble  two 
convicts  who  were  assigned  to  the  same  cell. 

"How  long  you  in  for?"  asked  convict  ( 
No.  1. 

"Seventy-five  years,"  replied  No.  2. 
"How  long  you  in  for?" 

"Ninety-nine   years,"   replied   No.    1. 

"Then  you  better  take  the  bunk  closest 
to  the  door,"  replied  No.  2,  "because  you 
will  be  getting  out  before  I  do." 

•  *     • 
THE   WAY   IT   IS 

Eminent  foreign  psychiatrists  were  being 
taken  around  a  French  insane  asylum.  In 
the  corridor  they  met  one  of  the  patients. 

"Why,"  one  of  the  specialists  asked  him, 
"do  you  remain  huddled  up  in  this  corner 
all  alone,  scratching  yourself?" 

"Because,"  replied  the  madman,  "I  am 
the  only  person  in  all  the  world  who  knows 
where  I  itch." 

And  this  explains  why  Communism  will 
never  work  successfully.  The  big  boys 
think  tlie  state  can  do  all  the  scratching  for 
everyone,  but  what  they  forget  is  that  each 
person  alone  knows  exactly  where  he  itches. 


THE    CARPENTER 


17 


GETTING  ON 

The  young  husband  had  just  arrived 
liome  from  the  office. 

"^^'hat's  the  matter,  darUng?"  he  asked. 
"You  look  flustered." 

"Oh,  I've  had  a  dreadful  day,"  his  wife 
answered.  "First  baby  cut  his  first  tooth, 
tlien  he  took  his  first  step,  and  then  he  fell 
and  knocked  out  his  tooth." 

"^^^ell,  and  then  what  happened?"  asked 
her  husband. 

"Oh,  darling,"  she  ans\A-ered  in  a  shocked 
voice,  "he  said  his  first  word!" 

*  •      • 

GENUINE  EMERGENCY 

A  young  surgeon  received  a  telephone 
call  from  a  colleague  inviting  him  to  make 
a  sLxth  at  a  httle  poker  game. 

"Going  out?"  asked  his  wife  suspicious!}'. 

"I'm  afraid  so,"  came  the  prompt  reply. 
"It's  an  awfully  important  case.  There  are 
five  doctors  there  already." 

•  •     • 
HOTELS  TO  REPAY  TAFT 

A  recent  letter  circulated  among  all  hotel 
keepers  in  Ohio  by  "The  Ohio  \^oters,"  an 
outfit  of  business  men  backing  Taft,  cer- 
tainly takes  the  cake  for  something  or 
other— ma>'be  guts. 

The  letter  gives  Taft  the  "credit"  for 
excluding  hotel  employes  from  the  seventh- 
five  cent  minimum  wage  written  into  the 
Wage-Hour  Law  recently.  In  part,  the  letter 
said:  "We  suggest  you  compute  what  it 
would  have  cost  you  to  put  j^oiur  entire 
working  staff  on  a  40-hour  week  and  a  75- 
cent  minimum  wage.  Then  j^ou  will  kno^^' 
how  many  dollars  the  amendment,  exempt- 
ing you  from  the  wage  and  hour  scale,  will 
save  you.  .  .  .  Taft  described  that  amend- 
ment in  detail  on  the  floor  of  the  Senate 
the  day  it  was  up  for  action.  He  discussed 
it  in  a  manner  most  favorable  to  us.  The 
exemption  amendment  is  now  law." 

Enclosed  with  the  letter  was  a  pledge 
card  suggesting  that  hotel  keepers  donate 
to  Taft's  campaign  part  of  the  money  his 
actions  on  the  amendment  saved  them. 

If  hotel  keepers  want  to  tlirow  part  of 
the  money  they  saved  into  Taft's  campaign, 
that  is  tiieir  pri^■ilege.  Let  them  do  so.  Our 
suggestion  is  that  tlie  thousands  of  hotel 
workers  who  lost  the  right  to  tlie  75-cent 
minimum  and  40-hour  week  through  Taft's 
actions  register  and  vote  against  him  on 
election  day. 


BETTER  QUALIFIED 

The  doctor  had  for  a  patient  a  stubborn, 
self-opinionated  man  who  disregarded  most 
of  his  ad\ice  and  diet  rules.  After  the  third 
visit,  with  no  improvement  in  the  man's  con- 
dition, the  doctor  blew  up.  "I  cannot  under- 
stand your  muhsh  attitude."  he  snapped. 
"I  have  done  all  that  I  could  for  you,  but 
>-ou  refuse  to  follow  m>'  directions.  I  sug- 
gest that  in  the  futiure,  you  consult  Dr.  X, 
do^^•n  the  street." 

"Why,  that  man  is  a  veterinar>'!"  the 
stubborn  one  exclaimed. 

"I  am  well  aware  of  the  fact,"  die  doctor 
replied.   "Good-day,   sir!" 

•      •      • 

THE  SHORT-SIGHTED  POLICY 

A  young  man  once  found  a  $2  bill  in  the 
road  .  .  .  from  that  time  on  he  never  lifted 
his  eyes  from  the  ground  while  walking.  In 
the  course  of  40  \'ears  he  accumulated  29,- 
516  buttons,  52,172  pins,  7  pennies,  a  bent 
back,  a  miserable  disposition.  He  lost  the 
glories  of  the  light,  the  smiles  of  his  friends, 
the  songs  of  the  birds,  the  beauties  of  Na- 
ture and  an  opportunity  to  serve  his  fellow 
man   and  spread   sunshine. 

And  this  is  about  the  \^-ay  it  is  with  non- 
union workers;— they  keep  their  eyes  fast- 
ened so  tightly  on  the  dollar  dues  they  save 
that  they  miss  the  glories  of  decent  living 
and  service  to  tiieir  fellow  men. 


18 


Imports  Won't  Hurt  Us 

By  Bert  M.  Jewell  and  Clinton  S.  Golden.  ECA  Labor  Advisors 

*       * 

IX  RECEXT  months,  we  have  grown  increasingly  aware  of  rumblings 
from  some  labor  sources  o^"er  the  Go^'emment's  reinforced  plan  to  boost 
imports  from  Europe  into  this  country.  Some  workers  ha^'e  become  afraid 
—that  the  proposal  will  lead  to  such  a  tremendous  flood  of  European  goods 
on  the  American  market  that  similar  U,  S.  made  products  will  not  sell.  This, 
they  reason,  will  cripple  domestic  industn.-  and  put  them  out  of  work. 

This  fear— of  being  thro\Mi  out  of  \^-ork—  is  a  \'er\-  strong  one,  particularh- 
here  in  America  in  this  generation.  .And  we  sympathize  \\ith  it  most  strongly. 
We  have  all  of  us  suffered  too  many  }-ears  because  of  unemplo\'ment  and 
the  memory  is  still  piercingh"  ali\-e.  And  so  the  fear  is  powerful— and,  as  often 
happens,    it   has 


translated  itself  in- 
to dissatisfaction. 
The  dissatisfaction 
is  directed  at  that 
agency  which  most 
informed  people 
know  is  principal- 
ly involved  with 
carrying  out  this 
aspect  of  the  Gov- 
ernment's program. 

We  are  speak- 
ing, of  course,  of 
the  Economic  Co- 
operation Administration,  with  which 
we  are  associated  as  Labor. Advisors 
to  Administrator  Paul  Hoffman.  Both 
of  us  have  discussed  this  problem 
with  Mr.  Hoffman  and  we  all  felt 
that  it  should  be  clarified,  for  the 
good  of  the  industries  and  workers 
who  are  now^  so  uneasy— and  ultimate- 
ly for  the  well-being  of  the  entire 
country. 

In  an  attempt  to  do  this,  Mr.  Hoff- 
man recently  wrote  a  detailed  letter 
to  Senator  H.  Alexander  Smith  in 
which  he  described  the  position  of 
ECA  with  respect  to  imports  from 
Europe.     It    is    our    feelkig    that  the 


One  of  the  oldest  and  most  controversial 
questions  in  the  American  economic  picture 
is  that  of  imports.  Almost  from  the  day 
the  United  States  became  a  sovereign  nation 
the  question  of  whether  to  import  or  not  to 
import  has  divided  opinion  sharply.  During 
the  depression  high  tariffs  versus  reciprocal 
trade  agreements  kept  a  running  debate  go- 
ing not  only  in  Congress  but  in  many  news- 
papers   and   magazines    as    well. 

With  Uncle  Sam  now  proposing  to  boost 
Imports  of  foreign  goods  as  a  means  of  help- 
ing European  nations  build  up  their  econ- 
omies, the  whole  question  takes  on  a  new 
importance,  especially  in  view  of  the  fact 
unemployment  is  steadily  climbing  here  at 
home.  This  article,  by  the  two  top  labor 
advisors  to  the  government's  European  re- 
lief program,  insists  that  the  increased  im- 
ports proposed  will  not  hurt  American  in- 
dustry. Next  month  we  will  run  an  article 
giving    the    other   side    of    the    picture. 


trade  unionists  of 
America  should 
know  intimately  \ 
man}'  points  which 
he  clarifies  and  we 
shall  set  forth  some 
of  them. 

Most  significant- 
ly, Mr.  Hoffman  em- 
phasized through- 
out his  letter  that 
the  American  econ- 
omy will  not  be  ad- 
versely  affected  by 
increased  imports  of  European  goods. 
He  stated: 

"I  don't  behe^■e  that  anyone  could 
argue  that  increased  imports  amount- 
ing to  one-third  of  one  per  cent  of 
our  total  output  ^  of  goods  •  could  have 
any  appreciable  effect  on  the  total 
economy;  nor,  of  course,  is  there  any- 
thing to  the  argument  that  when  we 
import  goods  we  are  importing  un- 
emplo>Tnent. 

"If  we  do  not  import,  we  cannot 
export;  and  if  we  do  not  export,  we 
create  unemplovment  in  the  export 
field." 


THE    CARPENTER 


19 


Mr.  Hoffman  pointed  out  that  tariff 
concessions  can  be  granted  "only 
within  the  framework  of  the  Recipro- 
cal Trade  Agreements  Act."  He  em- 
phasized that  concessions  can  be  and 
hsLve  been  granted  only  after  careful 
review.    And  then: 

"I  know  of  no  instance  in  which 
tariff  concessions  have  jeopardized 
the  life  of  any  American  industry." 

Mr.  Hoffman  revealed  that  experi- 
ence with  Reciprocal  Trade  Agree- 
ments Act  has  shown  it  is  possible  to 
reduce  duties  in  many  industries  with- 
out doing  serious  harm  to  American 
businessmen.  Actually,  in  the  event 
of  serious  injury  to  American  business 
because  of  a  concession  in  reciprocal 
tariff  negotiations,  the  Tariff  Com- 
mission is  required  to  increase  rates. 
Yet  in  all  the  years  since  the  "escape" 
clause  has  been  in  operation,  only  a 
handful  of  industries  have  asked  for 
relief.  The  majority  were  dismissed 
for  lack  of  evidence  of  serious  injury. 

Here  are  the  details  which  he  pre- 
sented: 

"Only  the  following  industries  have 
applied  for  relief  under  the  "escape" 
clause:  spring  clothes  pins,  candied 
marrons,  wool  knit  berets,  whiskey, 
crude  petroleum,  hops,  rattan  reeds, 
sponges,  narcissus  bulbs,  knit  gloves 
and  mittens,  woven  silk  fabric,  stencil 
silk  and  women's  fur  felt  hat  bodies. 
A  formal  investigation  was  ordered 
in  the  case  of  clothes  pins,  but  the 
case  was  later  dismissed. 

"The  next  eight  cases  were  dis- 
missed for  lack  of  evidence  of  serious 
injury.  In  two  cases  only  a  single 
firm  was  involved  and  in  several  cases 
the  only  injury  was  that  part  of  the 
prewar  market  had  been  recaptured 
by  foreign  suppliers.  The  whiskey 
case  arose  because,  at  the  time,  the 
production  of  American  distillers  was 
limited  by  the  shortage  of  grain— a 
condition  that  has  passed.  The  knit 
glove  situation  continues  under  study 


to  insure  that  serious  injur>'  does  not 
occur  in  the  future  from  re\iving  Jap- 
anese competition,  though  it  had  not 
occurred  at  the  time  the  industry 
sought  relief.  The  last  three  cases  are 
still  pending.  This  record  certainly 
seems  to  indicate  that  American  busi- 
ness has  not  been  seriously  hurt  by 
tariff  concessions." 

Mr.  Hoffman  expressed  the  view 
that  there  are  only  two  sound  ways 
to  reduce  Europe's  dollar  gap.  One, 
he  said,  would  be  to  reduce  require- 
ments for  dollar  imports  "through 
building  up  economic  sources  of  sup- 
ply in  Europe  itself  and  in  other  non- 
dollar areas;"  the  second,  by  "increas- 
ing Europe's  dollar  earnings  through 
direct,  and  triangular  trade." 

"This  means,  of  course,"  he  contin- 
ued, "that  we  must  sell  less  to  and 
buy  more  from  Europe.  There  is  little 
appeal  in  such  a  program  but  ff  we 
do  not  sell  less  and  buy  more,  we 
must  either  continue  our  aid  or  see 
the  European  economy  placed  in 
grave  danger." 

Mr.  Hoffman  emphasized  again  and 
again  that  he  does  not  belie^'e  "the 
apprehensions  as  to  the  effects  of  a 
slight  increase  in  imports  are  well 
founded."  He  suggested,  however, 
that  should  the  new  competition  re- 
sult in  a  loss  of  employment,  it  might 
be  desirable  to  develop  programs  for 
retaining  and  relocation  of  workers, 
such  as  we  had  during  the  war. 

"I  repeat,"  he  declared,  "that  it  is 
my  belief  that  (business)  failures  due 
to  increased  imports  would  be  so  ut- 
terly insignificant  that  I  consider  this 
question  of  relocation  and  retraining 
of  workers  academic  rather  than  fac- 
tual." 

To  businessmen  who  are  concerned 
about  competition,  he  suggested  that 
"it  is  domestic,  not  foreign  competi- 
tion, to  which  they  should  address 
themselves." 


20 


THE    CARPENTER 


In  closing,  Mr.  Hoffman  declared: 
"May  I  state  that  there  are  reasons 
other  than  economic  why  every  effort 
should  be  made  to  bring  the  trade 
between  the  United  States  and  Eu- 
rope into  balance  at  a  reasonably  high 
level.  The  relationships  between  Eu- 
rope and  the  United  States  can  be 
sound  only  if  there  is  no  element  of 


charity  in  that  relationship.  Europe 
wants  to  pay  her  own  way  and  we 
should  help  her  to  do  so.  We  in  EGA 
in  administering  this  program  have 
constantly  kept  in  mind  that  the  only 
charity  of  enduring  value  is  that  char- 
ity which  lifts  people  above  the  need 
of  charity." 


Labor's  Elder  Statesmen 

At  the  recent  American  Federation  of  Labor  convention,  William  Green,  president  of 
that  venerable  body,  paid  high  tribute  to  a  group  of  elder  labor  statesmen  whose  combined 
service  to  the  labor  movement  totals  several  lifetimes.  In  the  accompamang  picture,  Green 
(seated)  is  talking  over  old  times  witli  Joseph  A.  MuUaney,  president  of  the  Asbestos 
Workers  for  thirty-seven  years  and  sixty-one  years  a  union  man;  Frank  Duffy,  a  veteran  of 
forty-seven  continuous  AFL  conventions  and  now  General  Secretary  Emeritus  after  forty- 


seven  years  slimlc  tu  tlie  United  Brotherhood  as  General  Secretar>';  John  C.  McDonald, 
fifty  years  a  member  of  tlae  Elevator  Constructors,  and  president  since  1938;  Wm.  J.  Mc- 
Sorely,  president  of  the  Latliers  for  forty-four  years;  William  L.  Hutcheson,  member  of  the 
United  Brotherhod  for  almost  fifty  years  and  General  President  for  the  past  thirty-five; 
Daniel  J.  Tobin,  a  union  member  for  half  a  century  and  president  of  the  Teamsters  for 
the  past  forty-two  years;  Robert  Byron,  a  \'eteran  of  fifty-two  years  in  unionism  as  a  Sheet 
Metal  "Worker,  and  Joseph  D.  Marshall  who  has  been  active  in  the  Construction  Labor- 
ers Union  for  better  than  fifty  years.  President  Green  himself  holds  a  union  card  dating 
back  sixty  years,   although  serving  as   Federation  president  only  since    1924. 


21 


Pensions  in  Canada 


LIKE  MOST  of  their  fellow  workers  south  of  the  border,  the  vast  ma- 
jority of  Canadian  wage  earners  is  seriously  pondering  the  tvvin  prob- 
lems of  old  age  and  old  age  security  through  pensions.  If  anything,  the 
Canadian  toilers  have  wrestled  with  the  problems  e\en  longer  than  their 
brothers  in  the  United  States.  There  are  a  number  of  pension  plans  inaugu- 
rated by  Canadian  companies  which  date  back  more  than  tsvent>^-five  years. 
However,  facts  and  figures  on  the  overall  pension  picture  in  Canada  are  woe- 
fully lacking.  Recently  the  Labor  Gazette  published  a  summarization  of 
results  obtained  by  a  government  survey  of  a  number  of  existing  pension  plans, 
from  which  the  following  is  gleaned. 


"There  is  little  information  avail- 
able on  the  cost  and  the  adequacy  of 
protection  provided  by  employees' 
pension  plans  in  Canadian  industries," 
the  Dominion  Bureau  of  Statistics 
states  in  its  reference  paper,  Em- 
ployees' Fension  and  Retirement  Flans. 
A  survey  of  industrial  pension  and 
welfare  plans  was  carried  out  by  the 
Bureau  at  the  end  of  1947,  but  was 
concerned  mainly  with  the  extent  of 
coverage  and  certain  other  character- 
istics, and  did  not  include  data  on 
amount  of  contributions  and  benefits. 
With  a  view  to  providing  such  infor- 
mation, the  Bureau  has  made  a  sup- 
plementary study  of  existing  plans. 

The  information  presented  in  the 
reference  paper  was  compiled  from  29 
booklets  prepared  by  companies  for 
the  use  of  their  employees,  which  were 
attached  to  completed  questionnaires 
submitted  in  connection  with  the  1947 
survey.  The  Bureau  explains  that  it  is 
not  possible  to  determine  how  many 
firms  and  employees  are  actually  cov- 
ered, as  no  request  had  been  made  for 
such  material  and,  also,  not  all  firms 
have  information  in  printed  form 
available.  However,  because  of  a  cer- 


tain amount  of  uniformity  in  some  of 
the  features,  it  is  felt  that  the  informa- 
tion is  of  interest. 

Ten  of  the  plans  studied  were  found 
to  be  non-contributory,  i.e.,  plans 
where  the  employees  do  not  contrib- 
ute to  the  cost,  and  one  contributory 
for  salaried  employees  and  non-con- 
tributory for  hourly-paid  employees. 
Several  firms  have  contributory  annu- 
ity plans  supplemented  by  company- 
financed  pensions.  In  one  case  an 
annuity  plan  is  financed  by  employees 
only,  but  supplemented  by  company- 
paid  pensions. 

Only  in  some  instances  does  the 
fact  of  a  plan  being  contributor)-  make 
for  higher  benefits  than  the  usual 
for  formula  described  below. 

In  most  cases  the  company  bears 
the  entii-e  cost  of  contributions  for 
past  service.  Only  in  one  case  is  the 
cost  for  past  service  borne  entirely  by 
the  employees. 

The  amount  of  employers'  contribu- 
tions is  generally  not  stated;  by 
some  it  is  given  as  "not  less"  than  a 
certain  percentage  ranging  from  1  to 


22 


THE    CARPENTER 


5).  In  one  case  employees'  and  em- 
ployers' contributions  are  equal.  The 
amount  of  employees'  contributions  is 
usually  a  fixed  percentage  of  earnings 
(3  to  7);  in  one  case  it  varies  also  with 
the  age  at  joining  the  plan,  younger 
employees  paying  a  lower  percentage. 
In  all  cases  the  employees'  contribu- 
tions are  deducted  from  the  wages. 

The  most  frequent  formula  for  the 
calculation  of  benefits  is  one  per  cent 
(in  some  cases  up  to  IV2  per  cent)  of 
the  average  annual  earnings,  based  on 
the  last  ten  or  the  highest  paid  ten 
years  of  service,  for  each  year  of  serv- 
ice. In  some  plans  the  percentage  for 
years  of  past  service  is  slightly  lower 
than  for  years  of  future  service.  Under 
one  plan  benefits  are  13  per  cent  lower 
for  women  in  view  of  their  higher  life 
expectancy.  One  company  reports 
benefits  as  a  fixed  amount,  instead  of 
a  percentage  of  earnings,  for  each 
year  of  service  another  sets  an  annual 
benefit  of  1/60  of  the  total  earnings 
since  joining  the  plan,  and  under  one 
contributory  plan  the  annual  pension 
is  45  per  cent  of  the  employee's  total 
contributions. 

In  spme  cases  a  minimum  benefit  is 
guaranteed,  mostly  an  amount  of  from 
S240  to  S360  a  year,  but  under  one 
plan  it  increases  according  to  length 
of  service.  A  few  non-contributory 
plans  also  set  an  upper  limit  ranging 
from  $900  to  $2,500  a  year,  or  a  cer- 
tain percentage  of  earnings. 

Where  a  pension  plan  is  admin- 
istered by  the  Annuities  Branch  of  the 
Government  of  Canada,  benefits  are 
in  accordance  with  the  schedules.  As 
annunities  are  limited  to  $1,200  a  year, 
they  are  in  some  cases  supplemented 
by  another  pension  plan. 

One  contributory  plan  provides  that 
pensions  from  other  sources  may  be 
deducted,  but  generally  it  is  provided 
under  company-paid  plans  that  other 


income  is  not  deductible  except  ir  de- 
rived from  a  competitive  business. 

One  non-contributory  plan  provides 
slightly  reduced  benefits  for  married 
males  in  order  to  cover  survivors  also. 

In  cases  where  the  employee  leaves 
the  employment  before  qualifying  for 
pension  the  usual  provision  is  that  he 
is  entitled  to  the  benefits  resulting 
from  his  own  contributions.  Under 
one  plan  an  employee  gets  the  bene- 
fits also  from  a  certain  percentage  of 
the  employer's  contribution  after  at 
least  five  years'  service. 

The  normal  retirement  age  is  gen- 
erally fixed  at  65  years  but  many  plans 
provide  for  a  lower  age— 55  or  60 
years— for  female  employees.  One 
plan  extends  the  maximum  up  to  five 
years  for  male  employees  who  join 
the  plan  at  a  higher  age. 

Another  plan  sets  the  normal  re- 
tirement age  at  70  for  male  employees 
and  60  for  female,  but  voluntary-  re- 
tirement is  possible  at  65  at  lower 
benefits.  Under  this  plan  benefits  are 
based  on  IVs  per  cent  of  average  earn- 
ings for  each  year  of  service.  Under 
the  remaining  plans  provision  is  made 
for  earlier  or  later  retirement  in  cer- 
tain circumstances. 

Several  plans,  among  them  most  of 
the  non-contributory  plans,  require  a 
certain  length  of  service,  ranging  from 
15  to  25  years,  to  establish  eligibility 
for  benefits.  After  30  years'  service, 
age  requirements  are  sometimes  re- 
duced. Some  plans  provide  for  pen- 
sions regardless  of  age  in  cases  of  dis- 
ability after  15  years  of  service. 

Eligibility  for  participation  in  the 
plan  in  many  cases  is  conditional 
upon  a  stated  length  of  service,  var}'- 
ing  from  three  months  to  five  years. 
In  one  case  the  period  is  three  years 
for  male  employees  and  five  years  for 
female.  Age  appears  also  as  a  deter- 
mining factor  in  some  plans,  the  upper 


THE    CARPENTER 


23 


limit  being  the  retirement  age  or  other 
ages  ranging  from  40  to  65  years.  In 
some  cases  this  hmit  is  5  to  10  years 
lower  for  females.  Where  a  minimum 
age  is  required,  it  is  between  20  to 
34^^2  years;  in  some  instances  it  is  4  to 
5  years  higher  for  females. 

Under  some  plans  part-time  and 
temporary  employees,  or  those  paid 
on  a  commission  bases  only,  are  ex- 
cluded from  participation. 


Under  all  contributory  plans  par- 
ticipation is  voluntary  for  employees 
on  the  staff  at  the  time  the  plan  is 
instituted.  Under  some  plans  partici- 
pation is  compulsory  for  new  em- 
ployees; one  is  compulsory  for  new 
male  employees  only. 

The  plans  are  administered  by  com- 
mercial companies  or  a  trust  fund, 
and  by  the  Annuities  Branch  of  the 
Federal  Department  of  Labor. 


LOCAL  UNION  2094  PASSES   12th  MILESTONE 

On  the  evening  of  Jan.  13th,  Local  2094,  Chicago,  celebrated  its  12th  Anniversary  at 
Eagles  Hall,  3316  W.  Madison  St. 

In  the  presence  of  some  350  members,  the  pictures  of  "General  Office"  and  the  "Car- 
penters' Home"  were  shown  and  enjoyed,  together  with  a  buffet  supper  which  was  so  graci- 
ously prepared  by  Anne  Hetzel,  wife  of  our  Business  Agent,  Aleck  Hetzel.  A  Barber  Shop 
Quartette  entertained  the  members  M'ith  some  very  fine  selections  which  added  to  the  en- 
jo>anent  of  the  e^■ening. 


Seated:  Frank  Zelmar,  Business  Agent  of  Local  1307;  Stanley  Johnson,  Secretary- 
Treasurer  Chicago  District  Council;  Leon  Bruce,  Business  Agent  of  Local  141. 

Second  Row:  Edward  Daley,  Recording  Secretary,  Local  2094;  Hjalmar  Erickson,  Busi- 
ness Agent  of  Local  62;  Ralph  Hansen,  Business  Agent  of  Local  181;  Willard  Thaisen, 
President,  Local  2094;  Aleck  Hetzel,  Business  Agent  of  Local  2094;  Chas.  Marks.  Financial 
Secretary  of  Local  2094;  Chas.  Thompson,  Business  Agent  of  Chicago  District  Council. 

Back  Row:  Oscar  Swanson,  Trustee  of  2094;  Martin  Fischer,  Trustee  of  2094;  Russell 
Frees,  Trustee  of  2094;  Jack  Hill,  Secretarj^-Treasurer,  Illinois  State  Council  of  Carpenters; 
Abe  Thompson,  Business  Agent  of  Local  183,  Peoria,  111. 

The  Local  was  also  honored  with  tlie  presence  of  some  visiting  members  of  other  organiza- 
tions; namely,  Jack  Hill,  Secretary-Treasurer  of  the  Ilhnois  State  Council  of  Carpenters; 
Stanley  Johnson.  Secretar>'-Treasurer  of  the  Chicago  District  Council:  Frank  Zelmar,  Busi- 
ness Agent  of  Local  1307;  Leon  Bruce,  Business  Agent,  Local  141;  Hjalmar  Erickson, 
Business  Agent  of  Local  62:  Ralph  Hanson,  Business  Agent  of  Local  181;  Chas.  Thompson 
Business  Agent  of  Chicago  District  Council  and  Abe  Thompson,  Business  Agent  of  Local 
183,  Peoria,  111. 

Local  2094  wishes  at  this  time  to  thank  General  President  William  L.  Hutcheson  for  the 
pictures  of  "General  Office"  and  "Carpenters'  Home"  which  togetlier  widi  some  able 
speakers  and  fine  entertainment,  made  our  12th  Anniversary  a  very  successful  one. 


Editorial 


Taft  Is  Out  Of  Step 

Like  the  flag-bearer  who  marched  straight  down  the  street  while  the  rest 
of  the  parade  turned  the  corner,  the  Taft-Byrd  Senate  combine  seems  to  be 
marching  by  itself  these  days.  Every  piece  of  social  legislation  that  has  come 
up  in  the  last  two  sessions  of  Congress  has  found  Taft  and  Byrd  in  violent 
opposition.  "Socialism"  and  "economy"  are  the  two  pegs  upon  which  they  hang 
their  non-concurrence  hats.  Anything  that  tends  to  afford  the  common  people 
greater  security  from  the  vicissitudes  of  old  age  and  the  uncertainities  of  our 
economic  system  Taft  and  Byrd  seem  to  oppose  almost  automatically  as  being 
too  sociahstic  or  too  expensive. 

Xot  many  years  ago  that  was  the  tune  that  business  in  general  was  singing. 
In  recent  months,  however,  many  segments  of  business  seem  to  have  seen  the 
light.  \\'hen  some  of  the  nation's  leading  business  magazines  start  plugging 
for  liberalization  of  the  Social  Security  program  and  passage  of  some  sort  of 
legislation  to  improve  the  nation's  health  at  the  low  income  level,  it  can  hardly 
be  said  that  all  business  is  opposed  to  social  legislation.  These  things  have 
already  transpired.  Last  month  "Business  Week,"  one  of  the  foremost  indus- 
trial publications  in  the  nation,  came  out  editorially  and  unequivocally  for 
liberalization  of  the  Social  Securit}'  program  along  the  lines  laid  out  in  H.  R. 
6000,  which  the  House  passed  last  year.  This  is  a  fight  that  labor  has  carried 
on  for  a  long  time.  Now  that  labor's  eflEorts  seem  close  to  success,  "Business 
Week"  climbs  on  the  bandwagon.  With  the  same  arguments  labor  has  con- 
sistenth'  used  in  its  fight  for  decent  pensions,  the  business  organ  echoes  labor's 
own  words. 

"Why  is  there  so  much  steam  behind  the  drive  to  expand  the  Social  Se- 
curity program?"  the  magazine  asks,  and  then  gives  its  answer:  "The  chief 
reason  is  that  time  has  made  the  present  Social  Security  pension  plan,  orig- 
inally passed  in  1935,  obviously  inadequate." 

Even  in  1935  the  pensions  were  much  too  low  "and  the  cost  of  li\'ing  has 
risen  almost  70  per  cent  since  then,"  declares  "Business  Week."  It  cites  the 
fact  that  average  annuities  under  the  act  are  far  less  than  the  "charit>-"  pen- 
sions paid  by  states  to  needy  aged. 

"The  pension  plan  simply  isn't  doing  the  job  it  was  designed  to  do,"  the 
magazine  adds.  "That  was  to  provide  an  insurance  plan  that  would  make 
people  who  are  too  old  to  work  independent  of  charity." 

Of  course  there  may  be  an  ulterior  motive  behind  Business  Week's  a\-owed 
liberahsm  in  this  particular  case.  A  number  of  industries  have  conceded  to 
their  employes  (at  considerable  prodding  from  the  unions)  pension  plans  that 
include  Social  Securit)'.  The  most  common  plan  calls  for  a  $100  per  month 
pension  including  Social  Securit}".  Naturally,  the  higher  the  Social  Security 
benefits  go,  the  less  employers  will  have  to  shell  out  to  make  up  the  SIOO. 
For  all  that,  however,  "Business  Week"  does  admit  that  present  Social  Security' 
benefits  are  wholly  inadequate.   And  it  further  admits  that  pensions  ought  to 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

make  people  too  old  to  work  independent  of  charity.  Since  these  are  the  things 
labor  has  long  contended,  there  is  no  use  delving  too  deeply  into  the  motives 
that  prompted  the  magazine's  change  of  heart. 

But  "Business  Week"  is  not  the  only  business  publication  that  has  seen  the 
foolishness  of  fighting  decent  social  legislation  and  thereby  giving  Communism 
additional  ammunition  for  recruiting  purposes  among  the  least  privileged. 
Recently  the  Luce  publications,  particularly  "Time"  and  "Fortune,"  editorially 
recognized  the  necessity  for  adoption  of  a  national  health  program.  The  mag- 
azines opposed  socialized  medicine  but  they  recognized  the  need  for  some  sort 
of  program  to  make  adequate  medical  service  available  to  all  citizens,  and 
some  sort  of  prepayment  system  for  eliminating  ruinous  costs  of  serious  ill- 
ness. Even  in  organized  labor,  few  people  are  in  favor  of  straight  socialized 
medicine.  What  most  working  people  want  is  adequate  medical  care  for  all 
under  a  system  that  places  the  cost  within  the  means  of  the  indi\'idual. 

With  magazines  like  "Business  Week"  and  "Fortune"  recognizing  the  need 
for  sound  social  legislation,  it  is  clear  that  black  reaction  is  fading  out  in  some 
sections  of  business.  Publications  of  this  type  seldom  lead  the  parade.  They 
do  not  make  business  policy.  Rather  they  try  to  smell  out  trends  and  climb 
on  the  bandwagon.  That  they  are  now  approving  social  reform  may  indicate 
better  days  ahead  for  all. 

However,  Taft  and  Byrd  and  their  followers  are  still  marching  down  "Hold 
Everything  Street"  while  the  parade  has  started  turning  down  "Progress 
Avenue." 


There  Is  Room  for  More  Enlightenment 

One  can  seldom  pick  up  a  newspaper  or  magazine  these  days  without  read- 
ing at  least  one  story  about  how  "enlightened"  business  has  become  in  recent 
years.  According  to  these  pieces,  all  the  heavy-handed  employers  who  ex- 
ploited, browbeat,  and  victimized  their  helpless  employes  in  the  pre-union  era 
are  now  gone;  consequently  unions  are  not  really  needed  any  more.  It  sounds 
fine;  but  a  look  at  the  farm  labor  situation  as  it  exists  today  in  the  Southwest 
proves  otherwise.  There  the  big  farm  corporations  are  legally  importing  thou- 
sands of  Mexican  peasants  to  work  their  fields  at  a  time  when  many  American 
farm  workers  are  without  jobs.  Furthermore  the  legal  quota  is  being  evaded 
by  importation  of  untold  numbers  of  "wetbacks"-Mexican  laborers  who  are 
illegally  smuggled  into  this  country.  The  result  is  the  kind  of  a  glut  of  labor 
that  profit-hungry  corporations  like;  several  men,  unschooled,  ignorant  of  the 
language,  and  practically  helpless,  bidding  against  each  other  for  each  a\ail- 
able  job.  That  is  how  "enlightened"  the  big  agricultural  corporations  of  the 
west  are.  Not  only  are  American  farm  workers  being  demoralized  and  hurled 
into  the  lowest  pits  of  poverty,  but  it  is  only  a  matter  of  time  before  the 
demoralizing  effects  will  be  felt  in  other  industries  as  farm  workers,  in  despera- 
tion try  to  invade  other  industries. 

It  is  incumbent  upon  the  U.  S.  Government  to  avert  further  demoralization 
and  impoverishment  by  formulating  a  workable  and  equitable  system  of  re- 
cruiting, transporting,  placing  and  housing  American  migrant  farm  workers. 

And  in  the  meantime  it  looks  as  if  unions  v^ill  continue  being  needed,  for 
a  few  more  years  at  least. 


THE    LOCKER 

By   JOHN    HART.   Local   Union   366,   New   York,   N.   Y. 


Here  are  50  more  True  or  False  questions  taken  from  a  test  held  recently  by  the  City  of 
New  York  for  the  position  of  carpenter.  Take  2  points  for  each  correct  answer.  Total  points 
is  your  percentage.    Passing  mark  76^.    .Answers  on  page  29. 

16  questions  can  be  answered  readily  and  \^'ith  absolute  certainty' 16 

20  of  the  remainder  you  are  prett\-  sure.    Say  you  get  three-quarters  right 15 

14  are  left,,  of  which  you  know  nothing.    By  guess  you  should  get  half  right 7 

Percentage    76% ~38 

True  or  False 

1.  An  arch  center  is  a  form  used  in  concrete  construction 

2.  Wood  screws  range  in  length  from  ^4  inch  to  6  inches 

3.  The  combined  tliickness  of  2  dressed  2x4's  measures  8^4  inches 

4.  Matched  T  and  G  flooring  is  always  milled  to  standard  lengths 

5.  The  molding  on  top  of  a  baseboard  is  called  a  bed  molding 

6.  Rafters  running  from  hip  to  plate  are  known  as  jack  rafters 

7.  A  ribbon  board  and  a  ledger  board  mean  the  same  thing 

8.  Finished  o-inch  flooring  measures  2^2  inches  on  the  face 

9.  A  hanger  bolt  is  used  in  furniture  construction 

10.  The  brace  table  can  be  found  on  the  framing  square 

11.  A  dowel  sharpener  is  a  tool  used  to  measvire  tlie  diameter  of  tlie  dowel 

12.  Tail  joists  are  set  between  trimmers 

13.  Floor  beams  are  sized  to  even  widtlis 

14.  Beam  tops  in  places  where  deafening  occurs  should  be  chamfered 

15.  Sub  flooring  should  be  tightly  dra\^-n  together  by  toe  nailing 

16.  Trees  are  classified   into  tsvo   groups 

17.  Lagging  strips   are  part  of  an  arch  center 

18.  A  semi-elliptical  arch  has  only  one  radius 

19.  A  molding  consisting  of  a  cove  and  ogee  is  called  a  crown  molding 

20.  Flush  girder  construction  requires  the  use  of  a  ledger  board 

21.  Tlie  plates  at  the  comer  of  a  building  meet  in  a  half  lap  joint 

22.  A  stor>-  pole  is  used  to  support  a  girder 

23.  Hot  glue  sets  slower  tlian  cold  glue 

24.  Dowels  are  usually  made  of  maple  wood 

25.  A  bull  nose  plane  is  used  for  planing  close  to  projecting  parts 

26.  A  corona  is   a  member  of  a  cornice 

27.  A  take-apart  framing  square  has  tliree  parts 

28.  A  queen  truss  has  four  sides 

29.  Hard  woods  are  generally  sawn  into  standard  ^\idths  and  lengths 

30.  The  bed  of  a  jack  plane  is  16  inches  long 

31.  A  turning  saw  and  a  coping  saw  can  be  used  for  the  same  t>"pe  work 

32.  Bar  clamps  and  handscrews  are  iisually  made  of  like  material 

33.  A  mending  plate  is  a  flat  piece  of  metal  \\itli  holes  for  wood  screws 

34.  A  jig  saw  and  a  band  saw  have  similar  rotar>-  action 

35.  A  bed  molding  is  also  known  as  a  crown  molding 

36.  Casing  nails  and  finishing  nails   are  the  same 

37.  A  segmental  arch  has  two  radii  of  unequal  lengths 

38.  A  rabbet  joint  can  be  cut  on  a  jointer  machine 

39.  Some  circular  saw  blades  have  inserted  teeth 

40.  A  tliumb  latch  is  applied  to  the  face  of  a  door 

41.  Sheathing  appHed  horizontally  shrinks  in  a  horizontal  direction 

42.  The  length  of  a  screwdriver  is  measured  from  the  point  to  the  top  of  handle      

43.  A  face  plate  is  part  of  a  latlie 

44.  Through  naihng  of  a  finish  floor  is  inferior  to  toenailing 

45.  The  teetli  of  a  wood  file  are  coarser  than  those  of  a  wood  rasp 

46.  Laminated  stock  is  stock  which  has  been  glued  edge  to  edge 

47.  X.  C.  pine  is  commonly  used  for  exterior  siding 

48.  A  T  sill  used  in  balloon  frame  construction  requires  no  fire  stops 

49.  A  muntin  divides  tlie  panes  in  colonial  type  \^indow  sash 

50.  A  bastard  file  is  as  effective  as  sandpaper  to  smooth  a  cur\"ed  surface 


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 


Gbneeal  Office  :  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


General  President 

WM.   L.   HDTCHESON 

Carpenters'  Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


First  General  Vice-President 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


Acting  Secretaet 

ALBERT   B.    FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN   R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Treasurer 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Executive  Board 


First  District,    CHARLES   JOHNSON,    JR. 
Ill  B.  22nd  St.,   New  York  10,   N.   Y. 


Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBERTS 
3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second   District,    O.    WM.    BLAIBR 
933  E.  Magee,  Philadelphia  11,  Pa. 


Sixth  District,   A.   W.   MUIR 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District,  HARRY  SCHWARZER 
1248  Walnut  Ave.,    Cleveland,    O. 


Seventh  District,   ARTHUR  MARTEL 
3560    St.    Lawrence,    Montreal,    Que.,    Can. 


Fourth   District,    ROLAND   ADAMS 
712   West   Palmetto   St.,   Florence,    S.   C. 


WM.  L.   HUTCHESON.   Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 


SPECIAL  NOTICE 

We  \\dsh  to  remind  all  Locals  that  the  26th  General  Convention  of  the  United  Brother- 
hood of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America  will  be  held  in  the  Auditorium  of  the  Cincinnati 
Masonic  Temple,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  beginning  September  5,  1950,  at  2:00  P.M.  and  continue 
in  session  from  day  to  day  until  the  business  coming  before  tlie  Convention  has  been 
completed. 

The  Convention  Call  was  issued  under  date  of  March  4,  1950,  by  authority  of  tlie  Gen- 
eral Executive  Board.  In  accordance  with  tlie  General  Executive  Board,  as  per  tlie  Con- 
vention Call,  all  Delegates  and  Alternates  must  be  elected  in  the  months  of  April  and  May, 
instead  of  June  and  July  and  the  names  of  the  Delegates  elected  to  be  in  the  General  Office 
not  later  tihan  June  15,  1950. 

The  Recording  Secretary  must  report  at  once  to  tlie  Acting  General  Secretary  the  name 
and  post  ofBce  address  of  the  Delegate  and  Alternate  under  penalty  of  fine  as  provided  in 
Paragraph  F,  Section  18  of  our  General  Laws.  When  the  name  of  tlie  Delegate  is  reported 
to  tlie  General  Office,  blank  credentials  and  further  information  will  be  sent  to  tlie  elected 
Delegate. 

We  also  wish  to  call  your  attention  to  the  following: 

All  amendments  to  the  General  Constitution  submitted  by  the  Local  Unions,  District,  State  or 
Provincial  Councils  for  the  consideration  of  the  Convention  shall  be  forwarded  to  the  office  of  the 
Secretary  and  in  accordance  with  the  action  of  the  General  Executive  Board  will  be  published  in 
our  journal,  "The  Carpenter,"  after  the  July  15th  date  preceding  the  Convention  and  no  further 
amendments  shall  be  considered  by  the  Constitution  Committee  other  than  those  submitted  in 
accordance  with  the  above,  but  amendments  to  any  Section  can  be  offered  from  the  floor  during  th« 
report  of  the   Constitution   Committee. 

Fraternally  yours, 

ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary. 


Ji  n   0i 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them, 
Not  dead,  just  gone  before; 


i>  tnttrtant 


They  still  live  in  our  memory, 
And  will  forever  more 


%tsi  in  ^tsctt 

The  Editor  has  been  requested  to  publish  the  nameB 
ef    the    following    Brothers    who    have    passed    away. 


HENRY     ALLABACH,     L.     U.     824,     Muskegon, 

Mich. 
HERMAN  J.  AUBIN,  L.  U.  94,  Providence,  R.  I. 
LUCIEN    BERNIER,    L.    U.    94,    PROVIDENCE, 

R.   I. 
FRED    BLOCK,    L.    U.    264,    Milwaukee,    Wis. 
CECIL    BRIGHAM,    L.    U.    871,    Battle     Creek, 

Mich. 
JOHN    B.    BOITEAU,    L.    U.    801,    Woonsocket 

R.  L. 
JOSEPH     A.    BOUTIN,    L.    U.    94,     Providence, 

R.  I. 
ARTHUR    BROWN,    L.    U.   544,    Baltimore,    Md. 
CHARLES     J.     BROWN,     L.     U.     322,     Niagara 

Falls,    N.    Y. 
O.  R.  BROWN,  L.  U.  1822,  Ft.  Worth,  Tex. 
JACOB    CHRISTENSEN,   L.  U.  20,  N.   Y.  N.   Y. 
DANIEL    COLE,   L.   U.   281,   Binghamton,    N.   Y. 
PATRICK   CORMIER,   L.  U.  94,  Providence  R.  I. 
H.  L.  CROW,  L.  U.  1822,  Ft.  Worth,  Tex. 
WILLIAM     H.     CROWELL,     L.    U.     40,     Boston 

Mass. 
MARTIN    CRUMM,   L.   U.   20,   New   York,   N.   Y. 
THOMAS  DAY,  L.  U.  67,  Boston,  Mass. 
MINOR  i-DECKER,  L.  U.  281,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
ABRAHAM     DOBSON,     L.     U.      1677,     Thorold, 

Ont.,    Can. 
WILLIAM  DUGGAN,  L.  U.  35,  San  Rafael,   Cal. 
JOHN    W.    ESTEP,   L.   U.    1202,   Merced,    Calif. 
KARL  F.  FEYHL,  L.  U.   1489,  Burlington,  N.  J, 
MICHAEL    FINNERAN,    L.    U.    20,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 
THEODORE  FUCHS,  L.  U.  488,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
G.  W.  GIBSON,  L.  U.  388,  Richmond,  Va. 
CLYDE   GILES,   L.   U.   11,   Cleveland,   Ohio 
PETER  GINDT,  L.  U.   943,   Tulsa,  Okla. 
LOUIS   GLASER,   L.   U.   808,   Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 
HERMAN  A.  GREENART,  L.  U.  500,  Butler,  Pa. 
JACK   HANSEL,   L.    U.    1449,    Lansing,   Mich. 
JAMES  L.  HUGHLETT,  L.  U.  943,  Tulsa,  Okla. 
JOHN  A.  JOHNSON,  L.  U.  20,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
PAUL    KELLER,    L.    U.    1367,    Chicago,    111. 
JOSEPH  A.  J.  KING,  L.  U.  94,  Providence,  R.  I. 
SAMUEL  W.  KIRBY,  L.  U.  67,  Boston,  Mass. 
ISAAC   KORPELA,   L.   U.   264,   Milwaukee,   Wis. 
EARL  R.  LIPPINCOTT,  L.  U.   1489,  Burlington, 

N.   J. 
W.   A.   LOVE,   L.   U.   618,   Sikeston,   Mo. 


PETER    J.    McLaughlin,    L.    U.     S,    Philadel- 
phia,   Pa. 
L.  O.  MILLER,  L.  U.  943,  Tulsa,  Okla. 
KENDALL    MONAHAN,    L.    U.    20,    New    York, 

N.   Y. 
SIDNEY  MORGAN,   L.   U.   94,   Providence,  R.   I. 
EDWARD  MURPHY,  L.  U.  67,  Boston,  Mass. 
LOUIS   NORDLE,   L.  U.   625,  Manchester,  N.  H. 
FRED  NUNNALLY,  L.  U.   1749,  Anniston,  Ala. 
JOHN    J.    OBERMEYER,    L.   U.   264,   Milwaukee, 

Wis. 
ROBERT  PALM,  L.  U.  2236,  New  York,  N.  Y, 
VERNON  PASHOTE,  L.  U.  316,  San  Jose,  Cal. 
J.  HARRY  REAGAN,  L.  U.  16,  Springfield,  IlL 
LOUIS  REINSTEIN,  L.  U.  246,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
FRED  ROBERTS,  L.  U.  337,  Detroit,  Mich. 
JOSEPH  ROTHMUND,  Sr.,  L.  U.  6,  Amsterdam, 

N.  Y. 
HJALMAR  SAAMANEN,  L.  U.  2236,  New  York, 

N.   Y. 
C.  J.  SCOGGINS,  L.  U.  1683,  El  Dorado,  Ark. 
DAVID   SHARROW,  L.  U.   1154,  Algonac,  Mich. 
MICHAEL    SHEEHAN,   L.   U.   281,    Binghamton, 

N.  Y. 
JAMES   F.    SIZEMORE,    L.   U.   60,    Indianapolis, 

Ind. 
CYRIL  J.  SMITH,   L.  U.    1426,   Elyria,   Ohio 
ISAAC  W.  STOCK,  L.  U.  298,  Long  Island  City, 

N.  Y. 
RAY    F.    STODDARD,    L.    U.    30,    New    London, 

Conn. 
PERCY  STUART,  L.  U.  281,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
CHARLES    SWANSON,    L.   U.    625,    Manchester, 

N.  H. 
SAM   TARDANI,   L.  U.   824,  Muskegon,  Mich. 
WILFRED   TERRY,   L.  U.   94,   Providence,   R.  I. 
LOUIS   THEN,  L.  U.  488,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
FRANK    TRETHRIE,    L.    U.    871,    Battle    Creek, 

Mich. 
LEE    WALKER,    L.    U.    1692,    Galesburg,    111. 
CORNELIUS    WALRAVEN,    L.    U.    67,    Boston, 

Mass. 

ROBERT  E.  WATSON,  L.  U.  67,  Boston,  Mass. 
M.  C.  WELSH,  L.  U.  1692,  Galesburg,  111. 
JOHN  WESTERLUND,  L.  U.  316,  San  Jose,  Cal. 
ROBERT   WOODS,   L.  U.   16,   Springfield,   lU. 
ISRAEL   YUM,    L.   U.    67,   Boston,    Mass. 
LEWIS   ZAGERS,   L.   U.  2391,   Holland,   Mich. 
BERNARD  ZIEFANG,  L.   U.  322,  Niagara  Falls, 
N.  Y. 


THE    CARPENTER 

ANSWERS   TO   "THE   LOCKER" 


29 


the 


The  answer  is  one  word,  eitlier  True  or  False. 
right  answer.   What  follows  is  added  by  way  of 


If  you'\e  got  the  right  word  you've  got 
comment. 


1. 

True. 

2. 

True. 

3. 

False. 

4. 

False. 

5. 

False. 

6. 

True. 

7. 

True. 

8. 

False. 

9. 

True. 

10. 

True, 

11. 

False. 

12. 

False. 

13. 

True. 

14. 

True. 

15. 

False. 

16. 

True. 

17. 

True. 

IS. 

False. 

19. 

True. 

20. 

True. 

21. 

True. 

22. 

False. 

23. 

False. 

24. 

False. 

25. 

True. 

26. 

True. 

Used  in  masonry  work  also. 
From   Xo.  0  to  No.   30,   screw 
gauge. 

Twice  1%  ins.^3y4  ins. 
Random  lengths  generally. 
It  is  called  a  base  molding. 
Also  known  as  hip  jacks. 
Broadly  speaking. 
It  measures  2V4  inches. 
Like   the   bolt   that   secures   the 
leg  in  a  knock-down  table. 
On  the  back  of  tlie  tongue. 
It  is  used  in  a  brace  like  a  pen- 
cil sharpener  to  chamfer  dowel 
ends. 

That's  the  answer. 
When  set  on  level  beds. 
To  reduce  the  surface  area. 
Should  be  spaced  slightly. 
Deciduous   and  evergreen. 
Broad     leaf     and    needle     leaf. 
Hardwood  and  softwood.    Take 
your  pick. 

Narrow,     spaced     strips    nailed 
across  the  ribs. 

An     approximate     elliptic     arch 
has  3  centers  and  2  radii  usually. 
That's  near  enough. 
See    what    your    building    code 
has  to  say  about  it  first. 
That's  the  proper  way. 
It  is  a  heiglit  rod  used  to  carry 
various  check  marks  from  floor 
to  floor. 

It  sets  much  faster. 
We  would  say  birch. 
The  cutter  is  way  up  front. 
It  is  tlie  projecting  part  under 
the  cyina  recta  of  a  classic  cor- 
nice.  The  bed  mold  goes  under. 


27.    False. 


28.    True. 


29. 
30. 

31. 
32. 


False. 
False. 

True. 
False. 


33.    True. 


34. 

False. 

35. 

False. 

36. 

False. 

37. 

False. 

38. 

True. 

39. 

True. 

40. 

True. 

41. 

False. 

42. 

False. 

43.    True. 


44.    True. 


45.    False. 


46. 

False. 

47. 

False. 

48. 

True. 

49. 

True. 

50. 

False. 

2  parts.    The  tongue  and  blade, 
if  you  don't  count  tlie  screw. 
Tie  beam,  collar  beam,  2  main 
rafters. 

Random  widths  and  lengths. 
Iron  jack  planes  run  from  11% 
to  15  inches  long. 
The  turning  saw  is  much  larger. 
A  bar  clamp  is  iron.    A  hand- 
screw  is  made  of  wood. 
You  can  buy  them  in  the  dime 
stores.    Many  a  home  is  held  to- 
gether with  a  dollar's  worth  of 
mending  plates. 

The  jig  saw  jigs  up  and  down. 
See  Question  19. 
A  casing  nail  has  a  flared  head 
and  a  heavier  gauge. 
Being  an  arc  it  has  1  radius. 
By  adjusting  the  table. 
Of  extra  qualitv'  steel. 
Usually  a  batten  door. 
It  shrinks  vertically. 
It  is  measured  from  the  ferrule 
to  the  tip  of  the  blade. 
The  acti\e  disc  opposite  the  tail 
stock. 

Except    when   it   is    5/16    inch 
square  edged. 

The  teeth  of  a  wood  rasp  are 
punched  in. 

Laminated  means  face  to  face. 
Could  be  used  for  sheathing. 
It  acts  as  fire  stop  itself. 
Sometimes  called  a  sash  bar. 
Files  are  graded,  coarse,  bastard, 
second  cut,  smooth.    A  bastard 
file  is  rather  coarse  if  compared 
to,  say.  No.  1  sandpaper. 


LANSING  LADIES  KEEP  ACTIVE 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  545,  Lansing,  Mich. 

We  are  a  small  group  but  hope  to  get  more  members.  ^ 

We  meet  the  second  and  fourth  Thvu-sday  evenings  of  the  month  in  tlie  Carpenters 
Building. 

About  once  a  month,  we  have  a  card  party  which  is  open  to  all  carpenters  and  their 
families  and  friends. 

Recently  Local  1449  piu-chased  an  electric  range  for  the  kitchen,  which  will  enable  us 
to  serve  suppers.  We  appreciate  this  very  much.  They  have  also  built  cupboards  and 
tables.  .  . 

We  invite  all  wives,  mothers,  sisters  and  daughters  of  members  of  Local  1449  to  join 

us  as  members. 

Fraternally, 

Ethel  King,  Recording  Secretary. 


CorrospondoncQ 


This  Journal  Is  Not  Responsible  for  Views  Expressed  by  Correspondents. 

SCRANTON  LOCAL  HOLDS  ANNUAL  PARTY 

The  banquet  room  of  the  Hotel  Casey,  Scranton,  Pa.,  was  never  merrier  than  it  was 
on  the  night  of  February  28th,  last,  when  Local  No.  261  held  its  annual  dinner  dance  there. 
Some  250  members,  friends  and  invited  guests  were  on  hand  to  help  the  union  celebrate  in 

grand  style.  Witli  plenty  of 
fine  food  and  lots  of  good  fel- 
lowship everyone  was  in  a  hoU- 
day  mood  and  a  great  time  was 
had  by  all. 

Alphonsus  L.  Ca.sey,  prom- 
inent Scranton  attorney,  spoke 
on  the  dangers  inlierent  in  the 
Taft-Hartley  Law.  Teddy 
O'Keefe,  Wilham  A.  Kendrick 
and  Daniel  McKee,  officers  of 
the  Pennsylvania  State  Council, 
were  on  hand  to  give  a  few 
\"ery  brief  remarks.  Also  pres- 
ent was  E.  J.  Horo,  Vice-Pres- 
ident of  the  Essex  County  Dis- 
trict Council,  Newark,  N.  J. 
From  the  Scranton  Building 
Trades  Council,  William  F. 
Horan,  Anthony  Bonacuse,  Ross  Smirne,  Al.  Catarino,  Phil  Brady,  Jack  Harding.  Joseph  Cor- 
coran, and  John  Burke  were  on  deck  to  extend  felicitations  from  other  building  trades  crafts. 
All  in  all,  the  e\ening  proved  to  be  a  complete  success  and  aU  are  looking  forward  to  the  next 
similar  e\'ent. 


Pictured  above  is  the  arrangements  committee  responsible 
for  the  successful  celebration.  First  row,  left  to  right,  Stan- 
ley Green,  Matt  Rossi,  Richard  Gohsler,  Joseph  Canterbury, 
Harry  Hinkler,  Joseph  F.  Bartell,  Charles  J.  Harvey,  Thomas 
F.   Flynn.  , 

Second  row,  left  to  right:  Henry  Skibinski,  Joseph  Marcin- 
cus,  Patrick  Armen,  Robert  Feguson,  Joseph  Fitterer,  Kermit 
Pilger,   Paul  Ross,   William   Laffey,   Albert    Cetta. 


SPARTA,  ILLINOIS,  LOCAL  JOINS  GOLDEN  CIRCLE 

Local  Union  No  479,  Sparta's  oldest  labor  union,  \vith  the  possible  exception  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers  local,  celebrated  its  50th  anniversary  with  a  dinner  and  program 
at  Calvin  Hall,  First  Presbyterian  Church,  Friday,  February  10th. 

About  35  members  of  Local  No.  479,  and  their  wives  enjoyed  a  dinner  served  by 
ladies  of  the  church  and  listened  to  an  interesting  program,  with  the  financial  secretary, 
Oscar  Stahlman,  as  master  of  ceremonies. 

R.  J.  McMichael,  a  charter  member,  was  the  center  of  attraction  and  occupied  a 
place  of  honor  at  the  head  table.  Mr.  McMichael  was  one  of  ten  men  who  organized  the 
local  at  Sparta  on  February  17,  1900.  Previously,  these  men  had  belonged  to  the  old 
Federation  of  Labor  but  saw  the  need  of  their  own  union  and  decided  to  organize. 

In  a  short  talk,  Mr.  McMichael  said  that  he  started  work  as  a  carpenter  at  15c  per 
hour,  working  a  ten-hour  day.  Finally,  the  daily  wage  scale  was  raised  to  $2  and  members 
thought  they  had  just  about  reached  the  peak.  Mr.  McMichael  was  presented  a  bouquet 
as  a  tribute  from  other  members  of  the  local. 

Minutes  of  Local  479  ha\e  been  kept  intact  since  the  organization  and  are  in  the  hands 
of  Mr.  Stahlman.  The  membership  has  increased  until  today  72  members  are  enrolled, 
most  of  them  being  Spartans. 

The  minutes  show  that  as  recently  as  1911,  the  minimum  scale  for  carpenters  was  only 
40c  per  hour  and  apprentices  were  paid  20c  per  hour. 


THE    CARPENTER 


31 


CARPENTERS  PLAN  PARTICIPATION  IN  WESTERN  CONFERENCE  0\ 

APPRENTICESHIP 

Tlie  District  Council  of  Carpenters  of  Portland  and  Vicinity  at  its  recent  meeting  held 
at  Portland,  Oregon,  January  12,  1950,  passed  a  resolution  which  shows  the  keen  interest 
in  apprenticeship.  Further  evidence  of  this  is  that  both  Clell  Harris  and  Lloyd  Goodwin 
are  on  the  Planning  Committee.  Clell  Harris,  Secretary-Treasurer  of  the  District  Council  of 
Carpenters,  is  on  the  Finance  Committee,  and  Lloyd  Goodwin,  Apprentice  Coordinator,  is 
on  the  Program  Committee. 

The  Western  Conference  on  Apprenticeship  will  be  held  at  Seaside,  Oregon,  during 
May  22-26,  1950.  While  planning  this  conference  every  effort  has  been  made  to  preclude 
weak  points  which  ha\'e  been  observed  in  previous  conferences  of  tliis  nature.  Very  gener- 
ous assistance  has  been  given  by  other  regions  in  the  country-  in  assisting  in  the  planning 
of  this  conference.  The  records  of  the  experiences  of  other  regions  have  been  studied  to 
insure  the  best  results. 

The  Oregon  State  Federation  of  Labor  has  been  actively  engaged  in  tlie  promotion  of 
tliis  conference  and  tlirough  its  officials,  information  on  the  conference  has  been  dissemi- 
nated to  all  local  unions  in  Oregon.  At  recent  conferences  of  state-wide  trade  groups  reso- 
lutions have  been  presented  and  passed  supporting  tlie  \\'estern  Conference  on  Apprentice- 
ship. All  those  interested  in  participating  are  being  notified  that  accommodations  can  be 
reser\ed  through  tlie  Seaside  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

The  conference  will  consist  of  panel  discussions  led  by  leaders  of  tlie  industries  which 
nonnalh-  benefit  through  apprenticeship.  Anyone  desiring  further  information  on  program 
planning  ma>'  contact  Clell  Harris,  310  Labor  Temple,  Portland  4,  Oregon,  or  Lloyd  Good- 
win of  tlie  same  address. 


U.  B.  MEMBERS  ALWAYS  EXTENDING  HELPING  IL\ND 

The  above  carpenters  of  Local  525 
Coshocton,  Ohio,  played  the  part  of  the 
Good  Samaritian,  when  the  American 
Legion  of  West  Lafayette,  Ohio,  made  an 
appeal  for  some  help  in  rehabilitating 
its  quarters.  They  laid  2000  ft.  of  floor- 
ing and  did  other  carpenter  work  that 
was  needed.  After  the  work  was  com- 
pleted they  were  served  a  fine  meal  by 
the  Legion  members.  Tlie  Legion  ex- 
pressed their  sincere  thanks  to  the  boys 
for  their  fine  spirit  and  cooperation. 

Mr.    Stoneburner,    Business    Agent    of 

T  „      1    ,-.T-     1       1      1  r    ,,  1  C.  Parks,   D.   Cain,  M.    Christian,   C.   Stoneburner, 

Local   d2o,   had   charge   of  the   work.  h.   Harding,   E.   Strohacker   and   R.   Strohacker. 


LOCAL  UNION  NO.  1006  APPRENTICE  JOINT  BOARD  ^  ERY  ACTRE 

The  joint  Apprentice  Board  of  Master  and  JourneyTiien  Carpenters,  members  of  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America,  Local  Union  No.  1006.  New  Bruns- 
wick, New  Jersey,  are  doing  a  remarkable  job  in  operating  the  Apprentice  program  to 
the  letter,  all  as  per  Apprenticeship  Standards. 

Robert  E.  Ross.  2nd,  Chainnan,  \\'illiam  Connolly  Sr.,  and  Louis  Gons  are  the  Master 
Carpenter  members,  and  William  H.  Dunliam,  Business  Agent,  Andrew  Black  and  Nic- 
holas L.  Arace,  Secretan,',  the  Joumejiiien  Carpenter  members  of  this  Board. 

All  apprentices  while  attending  school  and  working  in  the  field,  are  imder  constant 
and  rigid  supervision,  and  this  Board  feels  that  when  their  apprenticeship  is  completed, 
tliey  will  be  skilled  mechanics. 

OflScial  classroom  visits  are  made  by  this  Board  in  a  body,  with  Frederick  Forges, 
Apprentice   Coordinator,   in   charge,   to   secure   first  hand   information   on   all   apprentices. 

To  a  large  extent  the  fine  success  achieved  b>-  Local  Union  No.  1006  in  connection 
with  tliis  program,  can  be  credited  to  tlie  unselfish  and  untiring  efforts  of  ever>-  member 
on  this  Board. 


32  THE    CARPENTER 

UTAH  STATE  COUNCIL  HOLDS  SPRING  CONVENTION 

The  Utah  State  Council  of  Carpenters  held  their  Spring  Convention  at  Brigham  City, 
Saturday  afternoon,  March  25th.  The  Council  is  composed  of  nine  affiliated  locals,  namely 
Brigham  Citv,  Logan,  Ogden,  Salt  Lake  City,  Provo,  Tooele,  Price,  Kamb,  and  Millmen's 
Local  No.  725  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Ernest  Cox,  President,  presided  over  the  meeting  which  was  in  session  from  1:00  P.M. 
Delegates  from  all  of  the  Local  Unions  affiiliated  with  the  Council  were  present. 

Sherman  Lund,  Apprenticeship  Coordinator  for  the  State  of  Utah,  gave  an  interesting 
talk  on  Apprentices,  and  the  need  for  skilled  craftsmen  in  the  Building  Trades,  in  the 
U.  S.  today. 

Work  problems  throughout  the  State  were  discussed  tiioroughly  during  tlie  meeting. 

Election  of  officers  was  held  and  B.  J.  Wilson  of  Local  184,  Salt  Lake  City,  was  elected 
President.    William  G.  Ryan  of  Local  1498,  Provo,  was  elected  Secretary-Treasurer. 

Ernest  Cox,  the  retired  President,  had  been  president  for  the  past  five  years.  Mr.  Cox 
was  elected  President  Emeritus  of  the  Council  and  he  was  also  elected  an  honorary  dele- 
gate of  the  Council.  Ernest  Cox  has  carried  a  union  card  for  the  past  fifty  years,  and  has 
been  a  popular  president  with  the  State  Council.  A  vote  of  appreciation  and  gratitude 
was  given  to  Ernest  Cox  for  his  fine  efi^orts  in  our  behalf. 

The  Ladies  Auxiliary  of  Brigham  City  Carpenters  Local  No.  1886  entertained  the 
delegates'  wives  in  the  afternoon  by  taking  the  ^■isiting  ladies  through  the  new  Indian 
School,  located  at  Brigham  City.  Later  in  the  afternoon  bridge  and  pinochle  games  were 
played. 

In  the  evening  at  6:00  P.M.  a  banquet  supper  was  served  at  the  Howard  Hotel.  The 
food  was  evcellent.  Fi\e  local  entertainers  put  on  three  acts  of  vaude\'ille,  which  was 
greatly  enjoyed  by  all  present. 

At  9:00  P.M.  a  dance  was  held  in  the  Carpenters'  Hall.  Refreshments  were  served  and 
a  lovely  time  was  enjoyed  by  everyone  present. 

The  officers  of  Local  1886,  the  Ladies  Auxiliary,  the  arrangement  conmiittee  and  all 
the  members  of  Local  1886  have  the  thanks  of  the  State  Council  and  also  the  thanks  of  the 
delegates  and  their  wives  for  a  good  convention. 

The  mid-year  convention  of  the  State  Council  of  Carpenters  will  be  held  in  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah  the  last  Saturday  in  July,  1950. 


PROUD  LITTLE  CANANDAIGUA  LOCAL  MARKS   50th  ANNIVERSARY 

Canandaigua,  N.  Y.,  area's  oldest  and  for  many  years  only  labor  organization  cele- 
brated its  50th  birthday  anniversary  early  in  March. 

About  50  officers  and  members  of  Canandaigua  Local  502,  celebrated  the  occasion 
during  a  banquet  at  Red  Top  Inn,  East  Bloomfield.  Many  of  them  were  accompanied  by 
their  w)\es  or  other  members  of  their  families.  District  and  state  officers  of  the  union 
were  featured  speakers. 

But  by  far  the  most  honored  of  those  attending  was  Bernhard  (Ben)  Nill,  the  local's 
only  active  charter  member  and  now  one  of  three  trustees. 

Nill  alone  remains  in  good  standing  of  those  who  on  Feb.  26,  1900,  gathered  for  a 
formal  ceremony  here  that  marked  the  initiation  of  the  local. 

He  still  remembers  well  ceremonies  that  installed  the  local's  first  officers.  They  were: 
President,  Bert  H.  Clark;  vice  president,  Charles  Freer;  recording  secretarj^  F.  J.  Fain- 
bairn,  financial  secretary,  George  Martin;  treasurer,  Henry  Weller;  conductor,  William 
Palmer;  warden  J.  E.  Kimball;  and  trustees,  Frank  Perr>',  John  Barnett  and  William  Smith. 

Present  officers  of  the  local  are  president,  Herbert  H.  (Herb)  Famsworth,  of  Chapin; 
vice  president,  Addison  Huchins;  treasurer,  John  Scammell:  financial  secretary,  Lester  J. 
Butler;  recording  secretary,  W.  E.  Andrews;  warden,  Don  Paterson;  conductor,  Harold 
Kimble;  and  trustees,  H.  S.  Tiffin,  Joe  Muscato  and  Nill. 

Toastmaster  for  the  event  was  Ralph  Brye,  Rochester,  president  of  the  Rochester  Dis- 
trict Council.    He  was  introduced  bj'  President  Famsworth. 

Speakers    were    Anthony    Schneider,    Rochester,    district    business    manager,    and    John 
O'Donnell,  New  York  Cit>%  international  representati\e. 

All  women  attending  the  banquet  were  presented  with  corsages.  It  was  followed  by 
entertainment  and  dancing. 


THE    CARPENTER 


33 


CLIFTON  LOCAL  MARKS  25th  BIRTHDAY 

Last  year  Local  Union  No.  1939,  Clifton,  N.  J.  rounded  out  its  twenty-fifth  year  of 
service  to  the  carpenters  of  the  community.  The  occasion  was  celebrated  with  a  fine 
dinner  dance  which  drew  a  large  attendance  and  proved  to  be  a  great  success.  Special 
guests  included  members  of  the  Passaic  County  and  Vicinity  District  Council  and  their 
wives.  Also  present  was  General  Representative  Raleigh  Rajoppi,  who  is  also  president 
of  the  New  Jersey  State  Council.    Brother  Rajoppi  gave  a  short  but  effective  address. 

Brother  Adolpli  Zanetti  acted  as  master  of  cermonies.  After  a  short  welcoming  speech 
he  gave  a  very  enlightening  history  of  the  local. 

Following  an  excellent  dinner,  tlie  members,  wives  and  special  guests  present  en- 
joyed the  two  colored  movies  "Carpenters'  Home"  and  "This  is  our  Brotherhood".  The 
films  were  very  well  received.  Following  the  showing  of  the  movies,  dancing  and  refresh- 
ments were  made  available  to  all  who  were  interested.  All  who  attended  declared  the 
celebration  an  unqualified  success. 


RICHMOND  CELEBRATES  GOLDEN  ANNIVERSARY 


On  October  22nd  of  last  year,  Local  Union 
Golden  Anniversary.    In  the  presence  of  a  large 


Pictured  above  is  the  fine  roster  of  old  time 
members  of  Local  Union  No.  388,  each  with  over 
thirty  years  of  membership,  who  were  honored 
guests  at  the  union's  Golden  Anniversary  cele- 
bration. Reading  from  left  to  right,  they  are: 
B.  D.  Motley  and  grandson,  H.  L.  Sale,  M.  S. 
Morris,  J.  B.  Berkison,  D.  C.  Bailey,  R.  W.  Flour- 
ney,  H.  A.  Haurand,  E.  L.  Reams,  A.  J.  Eheart, 
J.  M.  Wade,  W.  H.  Gaul,  W.  A.  Moran,  and  T.  A. 
Dewsberry,  who  between  them  make  up  almost 
500   years   of   membership. 


No.  388,  Richmond,  Va.,  celebrated  its 
number  of  members,  friends  and  guests, 
the  local  paid  special  tribute  to  the  large 
number  of  old  timers  in  the  organization. 
Local  Union  No.  338  is  extremely  proud 
of  its  twenty  old  timers  each  of  whom 
has  more  than  thirty  years  of  continuous 
membership  to  his  credit.  President 
George  L.  Turner  acted  as  master  of 
ceremonies  and  welcomed  as  honored 
guests  the  old  time  members.  Brother 
Dan  Bailey  who  has  nearly  half  a  century 
of  membership  to  his  credit  responded 
for  the  old  timers.  At  the  present  time 
some  eleven  members  of  the  local  are 
on  the  pension  roll. 

A  fine  buffet  supper  was  served,  after 
which  the  two  Brotherhood  films  "Car- 
penters' Home"  and  "This  is  our  Brother- 
hood" were  shown.  The  Films  ehcited 
many  complimentary  remarks.  Other  en- 
tertainment rounded  out  the  evening. 
Special  guest  at  the  event  was  General 
Representative  Lee  W.  Sorrell. 


FULTON  LOCAL  DISPLAYS  CHRISTIAN  SPIRIT 

Two  thousand  >ears  ago  the  Carpenter  of  Nazareth  roamed  the  world  preaching  brother- 
hood and  neighborliness.  Down  the  years  his  teachings  have  pointed  the  way  to  build  a 
better  world.  That  his  teachings  have  not  been  forgotten  was  recently  proved  by  Local 
Union  No.  887,  Fulton,  Ky.,  and  the  people  of  tlie  community.  When  a  flash  fire  late  last 
year  destroyed  all  the  worldly  goods  of  two  widowed  women  and  their  five  children,  seven 
people  were  left  absolutely  destitute.  Neighbors  pitched  in  to  give  what  aid  they  could 
but  for  all  their  generosity  the  aid  they  could  give  was  limited.  For  the  burned-out  family 
the  situation  appeared  to  be  black. 

But  then  the  spirit  of  the  Carpenter  of  Nazareth  manifested  itself.  The  community 
undertook  to  raise  enough  funds  to  procure  a  new  home  for  the  unfortunate  fire  \'ictims. 
Funds  began  to  roll  in.  Small  contributions  and  sizeable  contributions  rolled  in.  Soon 
there  was  enough  to  buy  a  place  that  had  possibilities  but  was  desperately  in  need  of 
repairs.  But  that  situation,  too,  was  soon  remedied,  tlianks  to  the  pubhc  spiritedness  of 
tlie  officers  and  members  of  Local  No.  887.  Working  in  their  spare  time  on  a  \  oluntary 
basis,  members  of  the  union  got  the  house  into  liveable  condition  as  quickly  as  possible. 
So  a  little  group  of  people  whom  fate  had  dealt  a  hard  blow  quickly  reco\ered  from  a 
tragedy  that  could  have  resulted  in  untold  misery  except  for  tlie  Christian  spirit  of  the 
people  of  tlie  community. 


34 


THE    CARPENTER 


BARRE   LOCAL    PASSES    HALF    CENTURY    MARK 

A  banquet  and  social  party  at  Elks  Hall  on  the  night  of  February  17th  marked  the 
fiftieth  anniv-ersary  of  the  founding  of  Local  Union  No.  481,  Barre,  Vt.  Some  hundred 
or  more  members,  friends,  and  guests  were  on  hand  to  help  the  union  make  its  fiftieth 
birthday  party  a  huge  success. 

Irman  R.  Hill,  secretary'  of  the  organization,  and  a  member  for  38  years,  served  as 
toastmaster  and  recalled  the  early  history  of  local  No.  481.  He  introduced  the  speaker 
of  the  evening,  William  Francis  of  Boston,  general  representative.  The  latter  spoke  of 
union  activities  and  congratulated  the  officers  and  members  of  the  Barre  area  who  still 
formed  a  strong  representation  of  the  carpenters  and  joiners  in  New  England. 

Toastmaster  Hill  introduced  all  of  the  organization's  officers,  each  of  whom  offered 
remarks  appropriate  to  the  anniversary  occasion.  He  particularly  cited  some  of  the  older 
members  and  officers  who  have  rendered  long  service  to  the  local.  In  this  particular  cat- 
egory he  commended  Harry  Holt,  who  was  financial  secretarj'  and  treasurer  for  about 
27  years,  until  stricken  ill  last  fall.  Odiers  who  were  presented  as  having  long  served  the 
organization  were  Frank  Colvin,  a  past  president  and  trustee;  Oscar  Sla>ton  of  Mont- 
pelier,  secretary,  a  member  since  1901  and  secretary  for  many  years;  Harlan  Maxfield,  treas- 
urer and  secretary  many  years,  and  Henry  Holt,  long  time  president  and  a  trustee. 

Oldest  members  and  their  date  of  joining  were  listed  as  Charles  Rowell  and  Percy 
Ellenwood,  both  of  South  Barre,  who  joined  in  1900;  Oscar  Slajiion  of  Montpelier  and 
Frank  Colvin,  1901;  Alex  McKenzie  of  Manchester,  N.  H.,  and  Bert  St.  Cyr,  1903;  Harlan 
Maxfield,  1905,  Henry  Lunde,  1906,  and  Henry  Holt  of  \Mniamstown,   1907. 

The  ladies  and  menfolk  of  tlie  Cobble  Hill  Grange  were  caterers  and  servers  of  the 
delicious  chicken  pie  supper  which  preceded  the  anniversary.'  festivities.  Ice  Cream  for 
the  large  helpings  of  apple  pie,  and  after-dinner  cigars,  were  donated  by  the  Flint  Lumber 
Companj',  and  a  large  specially  made  three-tiered  anniversary  cake  was  presented  by 
the  Allen  Lumber  Company.    Mrs.  Lucy  Austin  had  charge  of  the  catering. 

The  affair  was  arranged  for  by  Inin  Hill,  Robert  Batchelder  and  Harold  Thygesen. 


SAN  MATEO  LOCAL  SPONSORS  HALF-CENTURY  PARTY 

With  some  600  members,  friends  and  wives  present,  Local  Union  No.  162,  San  Mateo, 
Cal.,  on  the  night  of  November  2nd  celebrated  the  fiftieth  anni\ersary  of  the  granting  of  its 
charter  with  a  long-to-be-remembered  dinner  dance.  Superb  food,  good  entertainment  and 
fine  speaking  all  combined  to  make  the  e\ent  a  successful  one. 

Brodier  U.  S.  Simonds,  Jr., 
who  acted  as  toast  master,  in- 
troduced the  speakers  and  spe- 
cial guests  to  the  audience. 
Among  those  whom  he  intro- 
duced were:  Charles  PhilHps, 
President  of  the  Local;  Mayor 
Daniel  Creedon  of  San  Mateo; 
Mayor  Daniel  Lo\e  of  Burfing- 
ame;  Joe  Cambiano,  general 
representative  and  a  member  of 
Local  No.  162.  All  gave  short 
but  informative  addresses 
which  were  thoroughly  enjoyed 
by  all.  However,  the  real  guests 
of  honor  during  the  evening 
were  Brothers  Neal  BurweU 
and  Bert  Miller,  the  two  re- 
maining charter  members  of 
the  local  who  helped  to  bring 
it  into  existence  just  before  the 
turn  of  the  century.  The  two  veterans  were  given  tremendous  ovations.  The  dinner  was 
followed  by  a  champagne  toast  to  the  charter  members.  An  address  by  Brother  Cambiano 
on  the  past  history  of  the  local  and  the  progress  made  by  the  International  together  with 
an  address  by  C.  J.  Haggerty,  State  Federation  President,  on  the  need  for  increased  po- 
litical action  on  the  part  of  labor  rounded  out  the  evening.  Dancing  for  young  and  old 
closed  the  affair. 


Seated  from  left  to  right:  Andrew  Ew^en,  Trustee,  Silas 
Hays,  Vice-President;  Neal  BurweU,  charter  member,  J.  F. 
Cambiano,  Representative;  Fred  Scroggins,  Chas.  Phillips, 
President,   and   James   Warren   Trustee. 

Standing:  Roy  Honerlah,  Warden;  A.  H.  Eikenkotter, 
Trustee;  E.  C.  Peixton,  Recording  Secretary;  Earl  Honerlah, 
Business  Agent;  Geo.  Brunner,  Financial  Secretary,  and 
Fred    Gillespie,    Warden. 


THE    CARPENTER  33 

BEDFORD,  INDL4NA,  LOCAL  CELEBRATES  BIRTHDAY 

Local  No.  1380,  held  a  chicken  supper  in  honor  of  its  47th  Anniversary,  January  6,  1950, 
in  the  Odd  Fellows  hall,  with  an  attendance  of  76.  Included  were  the  wives  of  members 
and  special  guests  and  their  wives.  The  Local  was  founded  Jan.  6,  1903,  with  18  members 
t\vo  of  whom  still  survive.   They  are  H.  ^^'.  Green  and  01i\er  P.  Hunter. 

Brother  Green  was  selected  Warden  when  tlie  Local  was  organized  and  with  the 
exception  of  six  months,  has  held  some  office  in  this  Local.  Brother  Hunter  has  always  been 
a  very  faithful  member  but  was  unable  to  attend  our  anniversary'  due  to  failing  eyesight. 


Brother  Green  was  introduced  and  presented  with  a  cash  token  by  the  President,  who 
acted  as  master  of  ceremonies.  The  Brothers  who  held  membership  for  thirt\'  years  or 
longer,  %\'ere  recognized  for  their  long  service. 

Special  guests  of  the  evening  were  the  Rev.  and  Mrs.  A.  N.  Corpening.  of  the  Baptist 
Church;  Mayor  Ivan  H.  Brinegar  and  wife;  our  International  Representative,  Cecil  E. 
Shuev;  a  reporter  of  "Bedford  Daily  Times-Mail"  with  wife,  and  Photographer  Dick  Roberts, 
who  proceeded  to  take  a  picture  of  the  assembled  group. 

The  Rev.  Corpening  gave  an  inspirational  talk  on  the  Carpenter  of  Nazareth:  die  Mayor 
spoke  briefly  and  Brother  Shuey  gave  a  ver>'  interesting  talk  on  the  importance  of  attend- 
ing the  meetings  of  tlie  Local. 

Pictures  of  National  Headquarters  and  of  the  Home  at  Lakeland  were  shown  at  the 
end  of  the  meeting  with  vev}'  gratifying  comment.  After  viewing  the  pictures,  Mayor 
Brinegar  commented  that  tlie  pictmres  alone  would  make  one  want  to  become  a  carpenter. 


OYSTER   SUPPER   MARKS   IL\NNIBAL'S   50th   BIRTHDAY 

Over  a  hundred  members  of  Local  Union  No.  607,  Hannibal,  Mo.,  witli  families  and 
guests  attended  a  fine  oyster  supper  at  Eagles  Hall  on  the  night  of  February'  6tli.  The 
occasion  was  a  celebration  of  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  founding  of  the  local  union. 

The  highlight  of  the  evening's  program  was  when  tlie  master  of  cermonies  called  Joe 
^^'alker  to  the  floor  and  presented  him  with  a  token  pin  in  honor  of  his  50  years  member- 
ship in  the  organization. 

Joe  \^'alker  is  the  only  li\ing  charter  member  of  tlie  Carpenters  Union  in  Hannibal. 
He  was  present  in  1900  when  17  journe>iiien  carpenters  united  to  form  Local  No.  60 1. 

In  addition  to  being  the  only  living  charter  member,  Joe  is  also  the  oldest  member 
of  Local  No.  607.  He  is  82  years  old  and  he  still  is  hving  in  tlie  house  on  the  South  Side 
where  he  was  born  in  1868. 

In  addition  to  the  oyster  supper,  a  fine  musical  program  was  carried  out. 

I.  H.  White,  chairman,  Ernest  Chamber,  W.  S.  White,  and  L.  P.  Glascock  consti- 
tuted the  arrangements  committee  and  opinion  was  unanimous  tliat  diey  did  a  splendid 
job.  The  musical  program  over,  tiie  tables  and  chairs  were  folded  and  tlie  floor  cleared 
for  dancing.  Until  a  late  hour  the  young  and  not  so  >oung  danced  to  the  tunes  provided 
by  a  snappy  orchestra. 

Good  management  and  ^^'ise  leadership  enabled  Local  Union  No.  607  to  round  out 
half  a  centur>'  of  active  progress  and  members  and  oSicers  are  looking  forward  to  a 
second  fifty  years  of  growtli  and  service. 


AUXILIARY  230  CELEBRATES  20TH  ANNIVERSARY 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  from  Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  230,  Springfield,  111. 

We  would  like  to  tell  you  about  our  20th  Anniversary  dinner,  held  December  10  at 

6:00  P.M.,  in  I.  O.  O.  F.  Hall.    There  were  62 

present  to  enjoy  the  turkey  dinner  and  all  the 
trimmings  which  had  been  prepared  by  six  of  the 
members.  Our  Auxiliary  was  organized  December 
4,  1929.  We  still  have  9  of  our  30  charter  mem- 
bers and  they  were  all  in  attendance  but  one.  We 
had  as  our  special  guests,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Ott. 
Mrs.  Ott  is  one  of  our  charter  members,  and  Mr. 
Ott  wears  a  50-year  membership  pin  in  Carpenters' 
Local  16.  They  celebrated  their  65th  wedding 
anniversary  last  November. 

A  short  history  of  our  Auxiliary  was  given  by 
the  Recording  Secretary.   This  was  followed  by  a  short  program. 

Our  Auxiliary  is  doing  nicely,  but  we  don't  get  as  many  new  members  as  we  should, 
according  to  the  Carpenters'  membership. 

We  hold  our  meetings  on  the  1st  and  3rd  Fridays  of  the  month  at  2:00  P.M.,  but  we 
meet  every  Friday  all  day  and  quilt. 

We  are  always  glad  to  ha\'e  visitors  any  time. 

Fraternally, 

Xenia    Newlin,    Recording    Secretary. 


SIOUX  CITY  LADIES  STAGE  MEMBERSHIP  CONTEST 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  our  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  307,  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

On  February  16,  we  celebrated  our  12th  Anniversary  with  a  dinner-dance  at  the  hall  of 
Carpenters'  Local  948.    We  meet  there  on  the  first  and  third  Thursdays  of  each  month. 

A  hard-time  party  was  the  highlight  of  our  activities  in  March.  We  had  fonned  two 
teams  (the  Go-Getters  and  the  Joinettes)  for  a  membership  drive.  Competition  was  keen 
and  wonderful— it  added  lots  of  zip  to  our  meetings.  At  the  termination  of  the  contest, 
we  boasted  36  new  members,  bringing  our  roll  to  a  total  of  87.  The  hard-time  party  was 
the  treat  for  tlie  Go-Getters,  who  won  by  11  points.  The  party  was  given  for  the  Auxiliary 
members  and  their  husbands;  the  men  nearly  stole  the  show  with  their  clever  costumes 
and  hilarious  antics,  which  included  a  Kangaroo  Court.  We  feel  that  these  social  events 
help  the  members  get  acquainted  and  promote  a  feeling  of  geniality. 

We  also  have  Christmas  parties,  pot-luck  suppers,  picnics  and  sewing  bees. 

To  supplement  our  finances,  we  have  sold  vanilla  and  shampoo,  and  have  had  bazaars 
and  bake  sales. 

Our  roster  of  officers  is  as  follows:  President,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Smith;  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
Gordon  Moss;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Anthony  Bolchunos;  Financial  Secretary,  Mrs. 
Thos.  Cullinan;  Conductor,  Mrs.  Neil  De  Kok;  Warden,  Mrs.  Geo.  Barrett;  Trustees,  Mrs. 
Richard  Downs,  Mrs.  Marion  Stivers  and  Mrs.  Glenn  Edwards. 

We  ai^e  eager  to  hear  what  our  Auxiliary  sisters  are  doing,  so  will  some  members  of 
our  large  "family"  please  write? 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  Anthony  Bolchunos,  Recording  Secretary. 


THE    CARPENTER  37 

ENID  LADIES  SPONSOR  BANQUET 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  203  of  Enid,  Okla.,  wishes  to  send  Greetings  to  all  Auxiliaries. 

We  celebrated  our  anniversary  on  Feb.  25,  1950,  by  having  a  lovely  banquet.  Mr. 
Melvin  Martin  acted  as  master-  of  ceremonies.  Music  was  furnished  by  Mr.  Olen  Pender- 
graft,  steel  guitar;  Miss  Elizabeth  Martin,  piano,  and  Lee  Goodman,  accordion.  Members 
and  their  families  were  present. 

We  now  have  24  members  and  hope  to  have  new  ones.  We  ha\e  gained  2  new  mem- 
bers recently,  and  are  very  proud  of  oiu  charter  members. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  Lee  Goodman,  Recording  Secretary 


NAPA  AUXILIARY  GOING  STRONG 

The  Editor: 
5  For  an  organization  tliat  started  less  tlian  a  year  ago,  Ladies'  Auxiliary  544  of  Napa, 

!i   Calif.,  has  received  much  praise  and  interest  from  its  large  membership.   At  the  present,  we 
have  about  60  members,  of  whom  36  are  charter  members.   Four  recently  initiated  ones  are 
;   Mesdames  Marie  Cole,  Barbara  Shram,  Anne  Hewitt  and  Bemice  Atkinson.    We  hope  that 
j^  with  the  new  drive  now  being  started,  we  can  more  tlian  double  our  membership. 
i  We  meet  the  2nd  Thursday  at  the  Labor  Temple  for  our  business  meeting  and  the  4th 

Tuesday  at  a  member's  home  for  our  social  evening. 

Our  President,  Mrs.  Alden  Luntey,  has  kept  us  busily  interested  all  tliese  months  witli 
her  fine  leadership— each  montli,  carrying  out  a  montlily  theme,  relating  to  holidays,  etc., 
either  with  a  dinner,  a  party  or  some  health  or  welfare  work,  or  to  raise  funds  for  our 
treasury.   We  plan  to  be  able  to  attend  the  State  Convention  next  year. 

Our  officers  are:  Mrs.  Alden  Luntey,  President;  Mrs.  Harvey  Platmaker,  Vice-President; 
Mrs.  Nels  Hansen,  Treasurer  and  Financial  Secretary;  Mrs.  Herman  Long,  Recording  Secre- 
tary; Mrs.   Ray  Lake,   Mrs.  Melvin  Krenke,  and   Mrs.   Fred   Schoomnaker,   Trustees;    Mrs. 
James  Breshears,  Warden,  and  Mrs.  Roy  Dimmick,  Conductor. 
We  will  welcome  letters  from  any  of  our  Sister  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  Wayne  Hiserman,  Publicity  Chairman. 


BINGHAMTON  AUXILIARY  BUYS  PL\NO  FOR  CLUB  ROOMS 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  our  sister  Auxiliaries  from  AiLxiliary  No.  490,  Binghamton,  New  York. 
Our  charter  was  inaugiu-ated  on  Nov.  13,  1947.    Our  membership  is  still  small,  but  is 
growing.   Last  month,  we  welcomed  three  new  members  and  at  present  we  are  fonnulating 
plans  to  increase  our  membership. 

We  hold  meetings  the  2nd  and  4th  Thursdays  of  each  montli  except  dining  Jul\-  and 
August,  when  we  meet  once  a  montli.    The  second  Thursday  is  a  business  meeting  and  the 
I   fourth  a  social  evening. 

We  ha\'e  a  Sunshine  Fund  and  send  flo\\'ers  and  cards  to  sick  members  and  their  fam- 
ilies. This  fund  is  kept  in  operation  by  money  taken  in  from  our  "Pink  Elephant,"  which 
we  have  at  each  meeting. 

On  December  22,  we  held  our  Christmas  party  for  members  and  their  families  at  which 
;   gifts  were  exchanged  and  lunch  served. 

In  January,  we  drew  names  for  "Secret  Pals."  Gifts  are  exchanged  witli  secret  pals  on 
special  occasions. 

We  had  a  Valentine  party  on  February  23.  Each  member  addressed  Valentines  to  otlier 
I  members  and  the  men  who  attend  our  social  gatherings.  Recei\'er  of  tlie  cards  paid  tlie 
\   amount  of  postage  marked  on  tlie  card.    This  money  was  put  in  our  Sunshine  Fund. 

After  our  meeting  on  March  22,  we  held  a  farewell  party  for  one  of  our  lo>al  and  faith- 
ful members,  Mrs.  Florence  Reed,  who  is  going  to  Hve  in  Spokane,  Wash.  She  recei\ed  a 
{  gift  from  each  member  and  a  gift  from  the  Auxiliary  was  presented  to  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Reed. 
We  contribute  to  civic  and  charitable  organizations  and  help  any  member  in  distress. 
Our  most  recent  activity  was  the  purchase  of  a  piano  for  our  club  room. 
We  would  appreciate  ideas  and  suggestions. 

Fraternalh', 

Leali  Kelly,  Recording  Secrctar>'. 

i 


38 


THE    CARPENTER 


PORT  ALBERNI  IS  ONLY  ACTWE  B.  C.  AUXILIARY 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  from  Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  517,  Port  Alberni,  B.  C,  Canada. 
We   organized  in  No\ember,    1947,   and   had  our   charter  installed   one   year   later  by 
Brother   Wm.  Page,   International   Representative.     On   this   occasion,   we   had   a   birthday 

celebration  with  many  guests  from  vari- 
ous Locals  on  Vancouver  Island  and  the 
mainland  of  British  Columbia. 

At  present  we  are  tlie  only  active 
Auxiliary'  in  British  Columbia,  and  have 
on  our  membership  roll  a  number  of  out- 
of-town  members,  both  men  and  women. 
These  members  attend  meetings  when- 
ever possible  and  assist  the  Auxiliary  in 
various  capacities. 

We  hold  meetings  once  a  month  on 
the  same  night  as  Local  513.  At  the  con- 
clusion of  the  meetings  we  serve  lunch 
to  both  groups  and  ha\'e  a  social  hour. 
This  get-together  seems  to  add  a  great 
deal  in  tlie  way  of  fellowship. 
Our  acti\ities  include  visiting  any  sick  of  the  Auxiliary  as  well  as  the  Brotherhood. 
Also,  when  required,  we  do  welfare  \A'ork  among  our  own  members. 

This  p^st  Christmas,  we  held  a  party  for  the  children  of  Union  Carpenters.  With  an 
attendance  of  upwards  of  200,  a  veiy  enjoyable  evening  was  spent  with  a  Christmas  tree, 
Santa  Claus,  gifts  and  candy. 

We  raise  funds  chiefly  by  dues  and  raifles.  We  are  at  present  working  on  an  afghan  as  a 
group  project. 

Fraternall}',  Lois  Tassie,  Recording  Secretary. 


TORONTO  LADIES  SPONSOR  ^L4NY  GOOD  TIMES 

The  Editor: 

Friendly  greetings  to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  303,  Toronto,  Canada. 

Six  months  have  elapsed  since  our  last  chat  through  "The  Carpenter"   and  we  have 
achie\ed  quite  a  lot  of  activities  since  then. 


Our  big  e\ent  for  tlie  year  of  1949  was  our  bazaar  which  was  held  November  24,  at 
The  Sons  of  England  Hall.  This  proved  to  be  a  big  success.  Besides  being  able  to  reim- 
burse our  treasury,  we  were  able  to  send  some  of  the  proceeds  to  the  Children's  Hospitals, 
enabling  them  to  have  a  little  extra  good  cheer  for  Christmas;  also,  to  tlie  children  of 
Europe  through  the  "Canadian  Save  the  Children  Fund." 

At  intervals  during  the  year,  we  gather  up  good  used  clotliing  for  this  same  source;  also, 
knit  or  make  little  garments  and  needs  for  new  babies. 

We  had  a  lovely  Christmas  party  for  our  members'  children  and  grandchildren. 

We  celebrated  our  thirteenth  birtliday  Feb.  24,  1950,  by  having  a  banquet  in  the  King 
Edward  Hotel,  Toronto,  ha\1ng  as  guests,  our  husbands,  who,  needless  to  say,  are  Brothers 
of  Local  27,  Toronto.  There  was  no  formality;  therefore  we  enjoyed  ourselves  like  one 
big  family. 

^Ve  meet  on  tlie  second  Thursday  of  every  month  for  our  business  meeting  and  every 
fourth  Thursday  for  our  social  activities. 

Fraternally,         Doris  E.  Thorogood,  Secretary. 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 


By  PI.   H.   Siegele 
LESSON  260 

Difference  in  Height  of  Walls.— The  walls 
supporting  an  irregular  pitch  hip  roof  with 
a  cornice  must  be  built  to  accomodate 
tlie  diflFerent  pitches  of  tliat  roof.  For  in- 
stance, you  have  an  irregular  pitch  hip 
roof,  in  which  a  one-fourtli  pitch  and  a  one- 
half  pitch  are  used,  with  the  cornice  over- 
hanging one  foot.  The  difference  in  the 
height  of  the  walls  would  be  the  difference 


•^11     Fig.  1 

il  found  in  the  two  rises  for  the  width  of  tlie 
cornice,  or  in  this  case,  for  a  one-foot  over- 
hang, it  would  be  6  inches.  This  problem 
and  problems  that  accompany  it  will  be 
covered  in  this  lesson. 

Irregular    Hip    Roof    Plan.— Fig.    1    shows 
an   irregular   hip    roof   plan,    on   which    the 


problems  of  this  lesson  are  based.  Two 
dotted-line  squares  are  shown  applied  to 
tlie  drawing.  The  one  to  the  bottom  left,  is 
apphed  to  a  part  of  the  roof  that  has  regu- 
lar hips,   while   the   square   to   the   right   is 


applied  to  the  plan  where  the  hip  roof  is 
irregular.  The  dotted  hues  show  the  rela- 
tionship  of  tlie  outside  walls  to  the  roof. 
At  A  and  A  is  shown  how  tlie  seats  of  die 


valleys  come  to  one  side  of  the  angle.  At 
B  is  shown  how  tlie  seat  of  tlie  hip  is  offset 
from  the  corner,  while  at  C  and  C  tlie  hips 
come  directly  over  tlie  corners,  because  the 
pitch  of  this  part  of  tlie  roof  is  regular. 

Run,  Rise  and  Rafter.— Fig.  2  shows  die 
same  roof  plan  shown  in  Fig.  1,  giving  tlie 
run,  the  rise,  and  the  rafter  of.  A,  an  irregu- 
lar valley,  B,  an  irregular  hip,  and  C,  a 
regular  hip.  The  difference  in  the  height  of 
the  walls  is  pointed  out  at  a  and  b  with 
double  indicators.    Study  the  drawing. 


Fig.  4 
Details  of  Difference  in  Heiglit  of  ^^'alls. 
—Fig.  3  shows  a  dotted-line  square  applied 
to  the  tail  of  a  common  rafter  of  tlie  steep 
pitch  shown  in  Fig.  2,  using  12  on  tlie 
blade  and  tlie  rise  of  the  pitch  on  tlie 
tongue.  The  tail  of  the  common  rafter  for 
the  lower  pitch  is  shown  by  dotted  lines. 
Here  again,  12  is  used  on  the  blade  of  die 
square  and  die  rise  of  tliis  pitch  on  die 
tongue,  as  shown.  The  points  diat  should 
be  watched  are  the  distances  a  and  a, 
which  must  be  tiie  same.  The  distance 
marked  b,  is  the  difference  in  the  height 
of  the  walls.  The  top  of  tlie  rafter  tails 
must  meet  at  point  12  on  die  blade  of  die 


40 


THE    CARPENTER 


square,   as  shown.    In  practice  these  points 
meet  only  in  elevation. 

Fig.  4  shows  a  little  different  way  to  ob- 
tain the  same  results.    Here  a  detail  of  the 


Fig.  5  C^ 

cornice  is  given  of  each  of  the  pitches.  The 
distances  at  a  and  a,  again  must  be  the 
same.  Two  ways  of  getting  the  difference 
in  the  height  of  tlie  walls  are  sho\\"n  at 
b  and  b.  Study  and  compare  Figs.  3  and  4. 
They  deal  wddi  the  same  problem. 

Seat  and  Tail  of  Irregular  Hip  Rafter.— 
Fig.  5  shows  a  detail  in  plan  of  tlie  irregu- 
lar hip  rafter  tail,  shown  to  the  right  in 
Fig.  2.  The  comer  of  tlie  cornice  is  shown 
off  center  on  the  tail.  The  dotted-Hne 
square  shows  why  tliis  is  so— die  two  be\"els 
must  fntersect  tlie  side  comers  of  tlie  tail 
exacth"  square  across  from  each  other.  This 
keeps  tlie  two  upper  comers  of  tiie  tail  cut 
on  tlie  same  ele\"ation.  If  the  comer  of  die 
comice  would  center  the  tail  of  tlie  hip,  tlie 
two  side  corners  would  come  at  different 
elevations. 


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How  to  obtain  die  points  for  marking  the 
edge  be\el  for  the  hip  seat  cut,  is  shown  by 
Fig.  6.  The  diagram  shows  a  right-angle 
triangle  representing  the  run,  rise,  and 
lengdi  of  rafter  (tail)  as  if  it  were  lying  on 
die  side.  The  side  wall  line  is  extended,  as 
sho^^'n   bj'   dotted   line,    gi^■ing   the   tangent 


Fig.  6 

point  on  the  tongue  of  the  square.  The 
rafter  lengdi  is  transferred  with,  the  com- 
pass to  the  seat  line,  as  shown  by  the  part- 
circle.  Now  die  rafter  length  taken  on  the 
blade  of  die  square  and  die  tangent  on  the 


Fig.  7  5         0        ^ 

tongue  ^^■ill  gi^'e  the  edge  bevel  of  the  seat— 
the  rafter  lengdi  giving  die  bevel.  Because 
die  rafter  lengdi,  as  shown,  is  longer  than 
die  blade,  both  the  rafter  lengdi  and  die 
tangent  should  be  divided  by  2.  which  will 
give  a  reduced  rafter  length  and  tangent  to 
use  on  die  square. 

Fig.  7  slio\^'s  a  detail  in  plan,  of  the  ir- 
regular hip  tail,  giving  three  views  of  the 
seat  cut.    At  A  die  tail  is  shown  in  place; 


THE    CARPENTER 


41 


at  B  it  is  shown  on  the  side,  giving  a  view 
of  the  seat  and  tail  cuts;  at  C  is  a  bottom 
view,  looking  straight  at  it,  and  at  D  is  the 


Fig.  8  l\ 

other  side  view.    In  other  words,  if  you  will 
imagine  that  what  is  shown  at  D  is  rolled 


Fig.  9 

back  to  position  A,  you  will  have  the  right 
idea.  The  cornice  is  indicated  by  dotted 
lines. 

Seat  and  Tail  of  Irregular  Valley  Rafter.— 
Fig.  8  shows  a  detail  in  plan  of  the  valley 
rafter  tail,  shown  at  the  center  in  Fig.  2. 


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If  this  detail  is  compared  with  the  one 
shown  in  Fig.  5,  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
valley  tail  cut  and  the  hip  tail  cut  are 
exactly  in  reverse  order.  In  both  instances, 
however,  the  tail  cuts  intersect  with  the 
side  corners  square  across  from  each  other, 
as  the  dotted-line  squares  show. 

Fig.  9  shows  a  right-angle  triangle  rep- 
resenting   the    run,    rise    and    rafter   of   the 


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15  CHAPTERS 

Salisfaction  Giiarjnleed 


ADDRESS-   C.   C.    PALMER 
1709   W.    COMMONWEALTH    AVE.,    ALHAMBRA.    CALIF. 


You  Need  an 

EMPIRE  for 

Top-level  Craftsmanship'. 


EMPIRE  stands  for  extreme  accuracy 
wherever  good  levels  are  used — and 
that's  why  craftsmen  by  the  thousands 
consider  it  their  first  and  only  level. 
When  you  use  Model  151.  illustrated, 
you'll  know  the  advantages  of  inter- 
changeable vials,  accurate  adjustments 
for  pitch  work,  precision  machined 
edges  and  easily  read  marks.  Have 
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^ 


42 


THE    CARPENTER 


cornice,  as  if  Ijdng  on  the  side.  In  order  to 
get  this,  the  side  of  the  wall  under  the  steep 
pitch  must  be  extended,  as  shown  by  dotted 
line,  from  c  to  d.   Then  make  the  rise  equal 


Fig.   10 


to  tlie  rise  of  the  steep  pitch  for  the  width 
of  the  cornice,  in  this  case  a  foot  run,  and 
draw  in  the  rafter  hne.  Now  where  the  run 
line  crosses  the  outside  line  of  the  wall, 
draw  a  perpendicular  Hne,  to  point  a.  'With 
a  compass  set  at  the  toe,  transfer  the  rafter 
lengtli  from  point  a  to  point  b.  Now  the 
tangent  and  the  rafter  length,  as  sho\\Ti 
will  give  the  edge  bevel  of  the  valley  seat— 
the  rafter  length  giving  the  bevel. 

Fig.  10  is  a  detail  in  plan,  showing  the 
valley  tail  and  three  \iews  of  the  seat  and 
tail  cuts.  At  A  the  valley  is  shown  in  po- 
sition, at  B  is  shown  a  side  \iew,  at  C  is  a 
bottom  view,  looking  straight  at  the  rafter, 


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Address    all    inquiries    to 

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712  Broadus  St.  Ft.  Worth   10,   Texas 


and  at  D  is  tlie  other  side  \iew.  Now  im- 
agine that  you  are  rolling  what  is  shown  at 
D,  back  to  position  A,  and  you  will  have  a 
good  idea   of  the  three  views. 

HOW    TO    CUT    RAFTERS 


It's  new  . . .  NOW 

New  vest  pocket  books  gives  lengths,  side  cuts,  plumb  | 
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STRINGER  LAYOUTS.  ^  c\''^h^'¥: 

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Step  by  step  house  framing  details  is  another  of  the 
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^  BUILDERS'  TOPICS 


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Ask  your  Dealer  for  Sandvik  Sows 


r^^ORFT^y  WARREN  STREET,  N.  Y. 


*!M»S«3*£%L-»i5K^  ■** 


FASTENING  DEVICES 
for    EVERY    PURPOSE 

Whatever  your  hanging  or  fastening  problem 
is,  Paine  has  the  answer.  Paine's  complete 
line,  with  a  full  range  of  sizes  and  stj'les,  in- 
cludes the  famous  Spring  Wing  Toggle  Bolts, 
Expansion  Anchors,  Fixture  Hangers,  Clamps, 
Hanger  Iron  and  a  host  of  other  handy  devices 
that   help   you  do   your  job   better   and   easier. 

WK/rC     FOR     CATAIO* 

THE     PAINE     CO. 


2967   CARROLL  AVE.,     CHICAGO  12,   III. 


THf  BfST  CRAFTSMEN  KlV/AyS  TAKE    PAINE'S 


CARPENTERS 
HANDBOOK 

consists  of  short  but  practical 
rules  for  laying  out  roofs,  ceil- 
ings, hoppers,  stairs  and  arches 
(vith  tables  of  board  measure, 
length  of  common,  hip.  valley 
and  jack  rafterSj  square  meas- 
ure, etc. — also,  rules  for  kert- 
ing,  laying  off  gamhrel  roof  and 
explaining  the  steel  square. 
Money  back   if  not  satisfied 

$1.00  postpaid 

D.  A.  ROGERS 

5344      Clinton      Ave. 
Minneapolis  9,    Minn. 


t^>^ 


S^Sy-vg^- 


That  extra  length  you've  always  wanted...  120  inches  of  accu- 
rate, more  useful  measuring  ease.  Jet  black_marlcings  on  a 
weor-reslstant,  acid-resistant  snow  white  blade.  Carlson  quality 
throughout  with  famous  1  0-second  blade  change  economy  and 
the  new  convenient  swing-lip .  .  .a  real  value  at  YOUR  HARD- 
WARE DEALER.  Just  be  sure  it's  the  While  Chief  by  Carlson. 
P.S.  And  don't  forget  to  get  on  extra  blo'de  as  a  "spare." 
Blade  produced  under  Pat.  No.  20S9209 

Carlson  Steel  Tape  Rules 


CARLSON  &  SULLIVAN,  INC. 

MONROVIA,  CALIFORNIA 


^ot-^ 


. ^    HANG  THAT  DOOR 
THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


clean-cut.     deeply-etched    profile    on    door. 

•liips.      Bepeat     operation     on     jamb.      Hang 

Xo  adjustments.    Xo  fussing.     Precision  made. 

forged,    heat-treated    steel.     Comes    in    3".    SJ" 

.Std)    sizes. 


ONLY  $1.75  ea. — 13.50  a  pair 
(any  two) — $5.25  complete  set 
of  tliFPe.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
send  only  SI. 00  with  order  and 
pav  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  O.  D.  In  Canada.  .25c 
higher  per  order.  No  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    wanted. 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 

"Really  a  help  for  the 
'old  hands'  and  almoat 
a  'muBf  for  the  new 
boys." 

S.   H.   Glover 
Cincinnati,   Ohio 

"The  greatest  help  in 
hanging  doors  I  have 
erer     £een." 

J.    Allen    Cliarles 
Mullins.    S.   C. 


Comes  With 
Leatherette  uase 


Coucpapa   b.v   carpenters   to  be  almost   indispensable, 
as  hundreds  of  testimonials  in  file  show. 
(."E-Z  Mark"  Trade  Mark  Reg.) 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  Dept.  C,  Los  Angeles  16,  Cal. 


I 

har 

I 


YOU  DO  THIS 


Clip    and     mail     handy     order     form     below. 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,   Box   8377,   Dept.   C. 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 

Gentlemen:     Please   send    the   following    "E-Z"    Mark    Butt  Gauges    as   checked    below: 

Check  Size 

[j         one   of    any    size    ST. 75  

^         two    of    any    size    S3. 50  

n         complete    set    of    three    any    size    $5.25  

I    enclose    check    or    money    order  l] 

Send   C.    O.    D D 


Name:__ 
Address: 
State: 


City Zone. 


Air  t^n<M^  /i^  (^f 

with  New  AMERICAN  ZV^"  SAW 

Here's  the  sweetest  handling  Saw  you've  ever  used — the  sensa-? 
tional  new  American!  See  it — try  it — compare!  Big  capacity — 
^y-i'  blade.  Big  power  G.E.  motor  develops  2^8  H.P.  Top 
speed  cutting,  any  position  . .  .  for  wood,  stone,  tile,  sheet  metal, 
compositions.  No  jolt — no  twist  when  starting — balanced  torque 
principle.  Saves  time,  saves  labor,  cuts  costs!  Send  coupon  for 
details  and  FREE  demonstration. 


If  you  like 
fine  tools 

...then  you'll  really  enjoy  the  smooth, 
fast  action  of  the  "GREENLEE  22" 
Solid-Center  Auger  Bit.  And  you  know 
it  reaches  you  "factory  sharp," 
for  each  is  Plasiic-Sealed  with  a  special 
protective  coating.  Ask  your  hardware 
dealer  for  "GREENLEE  22." 


GREENLEE 


SPECIAL  OFFER  .  .  .  WOODWORKING 
CALCULATOR. ..104.  Quick  solutions  to 
countless  problems... converting  linear 
to  board  feet,  nail  and  bit  sizes,  etc.  Send  10c  to 
Greenlee  Tool  Co.,  2085  Columbia  Ave.,  Rockford,  III. 

Ctffs  fflosf  ANYTHING 


Blade  turns  and 
locks  in  8 
positions 


most 
ANYWHERE 


^ 


^ 


New  rotatable   blade 
metal-cutting    Keyhole 

Saw  —  Steel,  iron,  nails, 
bolts,  pipes,  wood,  plas- 
ter, metal  lath  —  they're 
all  one  to  Millers  Falls  new 
metal-cutting  Keyhole  Saw. 
Works  swell  in  corners  and 
ramped     quarters.      Ends 
skinned  knuckles.  Flexible, 
tough  "Tuf-Flex"  alloy   steel 
blade  —  easily  interchangeable. 
Get  one  today  —  only  $2.00  at 
your  hardware  dealer's.  Extra  10 
or  24  tooth  blades,  50^  each. 


MILLERS  FALLS 
TOOLS 


MILLERS  FALLS 
COMPANY 


GREENFIELD 
MASS. 


NOTICE 


The  publishers  of  "The  Carpenter"  reserve  the 
right  to  reject  all  advertising  matter  which  may 
be,  in  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America. 

All  Contracts  for  advertising  space  in  "The  Car- 
penter," including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellable, are  only  accepted  svbject  to  the  above 
reserved   rights  of  the  publishers. 


Index  of  Advertisers 


Carpenters'  Tools  and  Accessories 

Page 

The   American   Floor  Surfacing 

Machine     Co.,     Toledo,     Ohio__        45 

E.   C.  Atkins   &   Co.,   Indianapolis, 

Ind.     4th     Cover 

Burr  Mfg.  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.        41 

Carlson    &    Sullivan,    Inc.,    Mon- 
rovia,    Cal.    44 

Henry     Disston     &     Sons,     Inc., 

Philadelphia,     Pa. 48 

Dominion    Sales    Co.,    Inc..    New 

York,    N.    Y 41 

Eliason  Tool  Co.,  Minneapolis, 

Minn.       43 

Empire   Level  Mfg.   Co.,  Milwau- 
kee,   Wis.    . 41 

E-Z  Mark  Tools,  Los  Angeles, 

Cal.      44 

Foley    Mfg.    Co.,   Minneapolis, 

Minn.    48 

Greenlee    Tool    Co.,    Rockford, 

111. 46 

Heston  &  Anderson,    Fairfield,    la.  1 

Lakeshore   Mfg.    Co.,   Minneapolis, 

Minn.      42 

The  Lufkin  Rule  Co.,  Saginaw, 

Mich.       43 

Mall   Tool   Co.,   Chicago,   111 43 

Miller  Falls  Co.,  Greenfield,  Mass.        46 

Nicholas  Wire  &  Aluminum  Co. 

Davenport,    Iowa    8 

The    Paine    Co.,    Chicago,    111 44 

C.   C.  Palmer,  Alhambra,   Calif.—        41 

Rowland  Mfg.  &  Sales  Co..  Ft. 

Worth,     Tex 42 

Sandvik  Saw  &  Tool  Corp.,  New 

York,    N.    Y.    43 

Skilsaw,   Inc.,   Chicago,  111. 2nd    Cover 

Speedcor  Products  Portland,  Ore.        47 

Stanley  Tools,  New  Britain,  Conn.  3rd  Cover 

Welliver  &  Sons,  Rockford,  III. 42 

Carpentry  Materials 

E.  L.  Bruce   Co.,   Memphis,   Tenn.3rd   Cover 
The  Upson  Co.,  Lockport,  N.  Y._  6 

Technical  Courses  and  Books 

American  Technical  Society,  Chi- 
cago,   111. 47 

Audel  Publishers,  New  York, 

N.   Y. 3rd  Cover 

Builders   Topics   Seattle,  Wash. 42 

Chicago    Technical    College,    Chi- 
cago,   111. 3 

A.  Riechers,   Palo  Alto,   Calif 47 

D.  A.  Rogers,  Minneapolis,  Minn.  44 

H.   H.   Siegele,   Emporia,   Kans. 40 

Simmons-Boardman  Publishing 

Corp.,  New  York,  N.  Y 7 

Tamblyn  System,  Denver,  Colo—  48 


Wearing  Apparel 

Co.,    Los    An- 


Brownstein-Louis 
geles,    Cal. 

Albert   H.   Weinbrenner   Co.,  Mil- 
waukee,    Wis. 


Full  Length  Roof  Framer 

A  pocket  size  book  with  the  EN- 
TIRE length  of  Common-Hip-Valley 
and  Jack  rafters  completely  worked 
out  for  you.  The  flattest  pitch  is  V2 
inch  rise  to  12  inch  run.  Pitches  in- 
crease V2  inch  rise  each  time  until 
the  steep  pitch  of  2  4"  rise  to  12" 
run  is  reached. 

There  are  2400  widths  of  build- 
ings for  each  pitch.  The  smallest 
width  is  %  inch  and  they  increase 
1/4"  each  time  until  they  cover  a  50 
foot  building. 

There  are  2400  Commons  and  2400 
Hip,  Valley  &  Jack  lengths  for  each 
pitch.  230,400  rafter  lengths  for  48 
pitches. 

A  hip  roof  is  48'-9i/4"  wide.  Pitch 
is  TV2"  rise  to  12"  run.   You  can  pick 
out  the  length  of  Commons,  Hips  and 
Jacks         jj^  Qj^j,  MINUTE 
Let  us  prove  it,  or  return  your  money. 

Getting  th«  lengths  of  rafters  by  the  span  and 
the  method  of  setting  up  the  tables  is  fully  pro- 
tected by  the  1917  &.  1944  Copyrights. 

Price  $2.50  Postpaid.  If  C.  O.  D.  pay  $2.85. 

Californians    Add    8c.    Money   back    privilege. 

Canadians    use    Money    Orders. 


A.  RIECHERS 


p.  O.   Box  405 


Palo  Alto,   Calif. 


jt:(ir^m\    7!:^  <\Y|U2th  Edition  for 

'^^'^m\  \     •^VvlJ  EXAMINATION 

~  SEND  NO  MONEY 

Learn  to  draw  plant,  estimate,  be  a  Uve-irlre  builder,  do 
remodeling,  take  contracting  jobs.  These  9  practical,  pro- 
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BETTER  JOBS  -■  BETTER  PAY  "P-^°-?i^S 

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Ihat  helps  solve  building  problems.  many  subjects. 
Coupon   Brings   Nine   Big   Books   For  Examination 

tMERICAlTTECHNiCAr  SOciirY  Publishers  slUc"  1898 

Dept.  G-536  Drexel  at  58th  Street,  Chicago  37,  III. 
You  may  ship  me  the  TJp-to-Date  edition  of  your  nine 
big  books,  "Building,  Estimating,  and  Contracting"  with- 
out any  obligation  to  buy.  I  will  pay  the  delivery  charges 
only,  and  If  fully  eatisSed  in  ten  days,  I  will  send  you 
$2.00.  and  after  that  only  $3.00  a  month,  until  the  total 
price  of  only  $34.80  Is  paid.  I  am  not  obligated  In  any 
way  unless  I  keep  the  books. 

Name      

Address      

City    State    

Attach  letter  stating  age,  occupation,  employer's  name  and 
address,  and  name  and  address  of  at  least  one  business 
man  as  reference.    Men  in  service,  also  give  home  address. 


SPBBVCOn  TOOLS  z 


IVUC  SAVS  YOU 
TtME  ANPMONev 


SPEED  SAW  FILER 
Now  file  your  own  saws!  Precision  fil- 
ing easy  without  experience.  Two  sim- 
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extra  sharp  and  true  cutting.  Complete 
with  file  and  ready  to  use     $2.95 


SPEED  GRIP  PLANE 
Precision  made,  pocket  sized  plane 
as  easy  to  grip  as  big  one.  S'A" 
X  11/4"  face.  Can't  be  beat  for  all 
around  fittingand  finishing.  Blade 
guaranteed  to  hold  edge.     $1.95 


DRILL  GRINDER 

Makes  old  drills  cut  like  new. 
Sharpens  3/32"  to  \W  drills  with 
factory  accuracy  in  30  sees.  No  ex- 
perience necessary.  Use  with  hand 
or   power    grinding    wheels.      S2.95 


srctL 

Holds  files,  razor  blades,  taps,  drills, 
Allen  wrenches,  bits  etc.  Operates 
similar  to  drill  chuck.  Precision 
made.     Handiest  tool  in  tool  box.      Jl 


SPEED    SAW     CLAMP 
Grips    full    length    of    hand    saws — 30    inches. 
Saves  time.   Attached   or  released   from   bench 
in    15   seconds.    Lifetime    construction.    Holds 
entire    saw    true    without    vibration.     $4.95 


CIRCULAR   SAW    FILER 

Sharpen  circular  saws  like  an 
expert.  Adjustable  for  any  pitch 
or  angle.  Complete  with  file  and 
mandrels  for  blades  with  '/»". 
Va",  %",   13/16"  centers.    $6.95 


Order  Today!    Cash  with  order,   prepaid.     COD    postage   extra.     Money   baek   Guarantee 


SPEEDCOR  PRODUCTS 


Dept.A«512N.E.  73rd  Ave. 
Portland  16,  Oregon 


YOUR  skill 
helped  by 

skill 


Skilled  Disston  veterans  put  Disston  Saws  through  scores  of  tests 

Work    faster    and    easier,    save    material,    do 

less  sharpening,  by  using  Disston  Saws.  They're 

made  of  Disston  Steel  with  Disston  Skill.   That 

means  strictly  uniform  hairdness  and  temper,   true 

taper    grind,    tooth   edges    that   last   longer — plus 

balance   and   flex  that   carpenters  say  is   "just  right." 

The  economy  that  comes  from  quahty  has  made  Disston 

the  saw  most  carpenters  use. 

HENRY  DISSTON  &  SONS,  INC.,  504  Tacony,  Philadelphia  35,  Pa.,  U.S. A. 

In  Canada,  write:  2-20  Fraser  Ave.,  Toronto  3,  Ont. 


^mabA 


$20  to  $30  a  Week 

^XXRf>.  MONEY'. 


With  the  high  prices  of  food,  clothing  and  ererything 
else,  just  think  what  you  could  do  with  extra  money 
every  week:  Turn  your  spare  time  into  CASH — sliarp- 
ening  saws  with  a  Foley  Automatic  Saw  Filer  pays  up 
to  $2  or  $3  an  hour.  Start  in  your  basement  or  garage 
— no  experience  necessary.  "Tlie  first  saw  I  sharpened 
with  my  Foley  Filer  came  out  10(K',  '■—writes  Clarence 
E.  Parsons.  Xo  Canvassing— "I  advertised  in  our  local 
paper  and  got  in  93  saws" — says  M.  L.  Thompson. 
With  a  Foley  you  can  file  all  hand  saws,  also  band  and 
crosscut    circular    saws. 

FREE  BOOK 

Shows  How  To  Start 

"Independpnce     After 
40''    explains    how    you 
can    get    business    from 
home    owners,    farmers, 
carpenters,  schools,  fac- 
tories,   etc.    "I   get    ^^____„- 
•vork    from    20    and    W         ->'- 
30      miles      away"     '' 
says    Charles    H. 
Smith.     Investigate 
— no    salesman    will 
call  —  send    coupon 
today. 


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FOLEY  MFG.  CO.,  518-0  Foley  Bidg.,   Minneapolis  18,  Minn. 

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Address 


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  own  busi- 
ness and  be  your  own  boss  tbe  "Tamblirn 
System"  Home  Study  Course  in  Estimating 
will  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  carpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  you  can  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
first  lesson  begins  with  excavations  and  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  tbe  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  you 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidance  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced  to  the  language  you  understand. 
You  will  never  find  a  more  opportune  time 
to  establish  yourself  in   business   than   now. 

Study  the  course  for  ten  days  absolutely 
free.  If  you  decide  you  don't  want  to  keep 
it,  just  return  it.  Otherwise  send  us  $8.75 
and  pay  the  balance  of  $30.00  at  $7.50  per 
month,  making  a  total  of  $38.75  for  the  com- 
plete course.  On  request  we  will  send  you 
plans,  specifications,  estimate  sheets,  a  copy 
of  the  Building  Labor  Calculator,  and  com- 
plete instructions.  What  we  say  about  this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to  be  after  you  examine  it  is  the  only  thing 
that  matters.  You  be  the  judge;  your  deci- 
sion is  final. 

Write  your  name  and  addres^  clearly  and 
give  your  age,  and  trade  experience. 

TAMBLYN   SYSTEM 

1115    So.    Pearl    St.,    C-41,    Denver    10,    Colo. 


fyr  fine  work 


— •  ALL  THE  BEST  IDEAS  of  skilled  workers  in 
wood  for  over  70  years  have  been  built  into 
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right  and  work  right.  Stanley  Tools,  163  Elm 
Street,  New  Britain,  Connecticut 

THE  TOOL  BOX  OF  THE  WORLD 

[STANLEY] 

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HARDWARE  •  TOILS  ■  ELECTRIC  TOOLS 
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AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

4vois.$6 


InsldeTrade  Inf  ermatioa 

for  Carpenters.  Baildera,  Join- 
ers, Building  Mechanics  and  all 
Woodworkers.  These  Goid<<a 
give  yon  the  short-cat  Instmb- 
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Carpenters  everywhere  are  a»» 
ing  these  Guides  as  a  Helping 
Hand  to  Easier  Work,  Better 


Inside  Trade  Information  On: 

How  to  use  the  steel  square — How  to  file  and 

set  saws — How  to  build  lumlture— How  to  use 

a  mitre  box — How  to  use  the  chalk  line — How 

to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  malie  joints — 

Carpenters    arithmetic— Solving   mensuration 

problems — Estimating  strength  ol  timbers — 

How  to  set  girders  and  sills — How  to  frame 

houses  and  roofs — How  to  estimate  costs — How 

to  build  houses,  bams,  garages,  bungalows,  etc. 

— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 

specifications — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 

settings  12  13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 

to  build  hoists  and  scaSolds — skylights — How 

to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  interior  trim —    . 

How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors — How  to  P&^t. 

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AUDEL,  Publishers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  York  10,  N.  Y. 

Mail  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vp'.s..  on  7  da}'!' fry 
trial.  If  OK  I  will  remit  $1  in  Todays  and  $1  monthly  uirtll  $6  U.paW. 
-Otherwise  I  will  return  them.  No  obligation  unless  I  am  satistlco. 

Name ~* 


Occupation- 


Employed  by- 


CAB 


them  for  life! 


ATKINS  No.  400 

America's  Finest  Saw 

The  saw  any  carpenter  is  proud  to  own— 
o  tribute  to  his  judgment  and  knowledge 
of  fine  tools!  The  blade  of  the  Atkins 
No.  400  is  crafted  of  the  finest  steel  ever 
perfected  for  sawing  purposes  .  .  .  tem- 
pered by  Atkins'  own  methods  for  the 
utmost  in  edge-holding  qualities  . . .  and 


Have  you  seenjh^ 


NEW  J'-  65? 


^^■^■rTTTtomous  ATKINS 
A  smaUer  model  oMhe  ^^^^^^., 

o   saw   e^P^^'f  y,,"^:,   o   big   odvontoge. 
smeller    16"  b>ode  '^3%J,er  „^,. 
See  U  o1  your  ATKINS 


true-taper  ground  for  easy  clearance. 
Solid  rosewood  handle  in  "Perfection" 
pattern  prevents  wrist  strain  and  directs 
the  full  force  of  each  easy  stroke 
against  the  fast-cutting  teeth,  in  ship 
pattern,  rip  or  cut-off,  24  and  26 -inch 
lengths. 


ATKINS  No.  65 


Tried-and-true,  long-time  friend  of  thousands  of  car- 
penters. A  fine  quality  'Silver  Steel"  saw.  True-taper 
ground,  carefully  tempered  and  fitted  with  "Perfec- 
tion" pattern  apple  handle.  Ship  pattern;  20,  24  and 
26-inch  lengths. 


E.     C.     ATKINS     AND     COMPANY 

Home  Office  and  Factory: 

402  So.  Illinois  St.,  Indianapolis  9,  Indiana 

Branch  Factory:  Portland,  Oregon 

Knife  factory:  Lancaster,  New  York 

Branch  Offices:  Atlanta  •  Chicago  •  New  Orleans  •  New  York 


EDUB 


MPENTER 


FOUNDED    1881 

Official  Publication  of  the 
UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS  of  AMERICA 

JUNE,     1950  ~ 


g^^5^5^5^5^5^y^^?5^5^y5^5^ff:y5^^^ 


^OH^  Mf4%/ 


Be  sure  your 
Local  Union 
books  a  showing 
of  these  two 
United  Brother- 
hood films — 


THIS  IS  YOUR  BROTHERHOOD 


and 


CARPENTERS  HOME 


5\3v3srNJv£N>.3VX>>9v> 


Produced  by  authorization  of  the  General  Executive  Board, 
these  two  films— in  color  and  sound— show  the  General  Office  in 
action  and  the  Lakeland  Home  taking  care  of  old  time  members. 
There  is  no  charge  for  the  use  of  these  films.  They  are  loaned  out 
by  the  General  Office  on  a  first  come,  first  served  basis,  to  Locals, 
Councils  and  Auxiliaries.  If  you  haven't  seen  these  films,  urge  your 
Local  Union  to  book  a  showing  as  soon  as  possible.  Take  it  up  at 
the  next  meeting.  Full  details  may  be  obtained  by  dropping  a 
note  to: 

Maurice  A.  Hutcheson, 

First   General    Vice-President, 

Carpenters  Bldg,,  222  E.  Michigan  St. 
Indianapolis  4,  Indiana. 


C,^^gsS^C^C^c^C^C^CN4^C^e^^^ 


RIGHTFULLY,  THESE  JOBS 
BELONG  TO  YOU! 


Look  up!  Look  at  the  cracked  ceil- 
ings in  your  commiuaity!  See  for  your- 
self what  independent  siu*veys  show! 

Two  out  of  every  three  homes  have  one 
or  more  rooms  with  cracked  ceilings  in 
need  of  repair. 

Then    remember — ^patching 
and  makeshift  plaster  repairs 
seldom    are    satisfactory  — 
seldom  last. 

Remember — only  you,  as 
a  carpenter,  have  the  needed 
skill  to  fix  those  ceilings  so 
they  will  never  crack  again.^ 
Only  you  can  apply  beautiful 
Upson  Kuver-Krak  Panels — 
right  over  unsightly  and  luisafe  plaster 
— and  give  deHghted  home  owners  the 
world's  finest  ceiling. 

Rightfully,  these  fobs 
belong  to  you ! 

They  can  be  yours,  if  you  will  only 
step  up  and  ask  for  them. 

You  can  save  the  housewife  from  the 
ordeal  of  re-plastering.  You  can  save 
her  from  the  seeping,  floating  gritty 
dust  that  causes  needless  houseclean- 
ing  drudgery.  You  can  build  a  beautiful 
ceiling  that  will  remain  crackproof  so 
long  as  the  house  stands. 


Amazing  Upson  Floafing  Fasteners 
anchor  panels  securing  from  the  back. 
Eliminafe  visible  face  nailing.  Pro- 
vide for  normal  structural  movement. 


It  Is  Pleasant 
Inside  Work 

You  will  enjoy  applying  Upson  Ceil- 
ings. It's  work  you  can  do  the  year 
'roiuid — regardless  of  weather.  Upson 
Kuver-Krak  Panels  are  clean,  Hght  in 
weight,  easy  to  handle,  and  easj'^  to 
apply.  Nearly  all  limiber  dealers  carry 
them  in  stock.  Mouldings,  fvirring 
strips,  Upson  No.  2  Floating  Fasteners 
and  nails  are  all  you  need.  Be  s\ire  to 
insist  upon  and  get  Upson  Kuver-Krak 
Panels  }4"  thick.  They  are  the  only 
panels  designed  especially  for  re-cover- 
ing cracked  ceilings.  Every  panel  is 
plainly  marked  "Kuver-Krak." 

We  Can  Help  You  Get 
Upson  Ceiling  Jobs! 

Inquiries  from  our  national  advertis- 
ing are  being  referred  to  limiber  dealers 
constantly.  If  you  would  like  to  become 
an  Upson  CeiHng  expert,  send  the  cou- 
pon below.  We'll  put  you  in  touch  with 
the  Upson  Dealer  in  your  community. 
Send  coupon  now! 


TH  E      UPSON      COMPANY      «6   Upson    Point,  Loekport,   New    York 

I  would  like  to  become  an  Upson  Ceiling  Expert.  Send  me  Application  Instructions  and  name  of  my 
nearest  Upson  Dealer. 


NAME- 


STREET- 
CITY 


STATE 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  March,    1913 


A   Monthly   Journal,   Owned   smd   Published    by   the   United    Brotherhood   of    Carpenters    and    Joiners 

of  America,  for  all  its  Members  of  all  its  Branches. 

PETER  E.  TERZICK,  Editor 
Carpenters'  Building,  222  E.  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis  4,  Indiana 


Established  in  1881 
Vol.  LSX — No.  6 


INDIANAPOLIS,   JUNE,  1950 


One   Dollar   Per   Year 
Ten  Cents  a  Copy 


—  Con  tents  — 


Investments  In  Human  Resources  •-        -        -  5 

There  was  a  day  ^hen  all  money  spent  by  the  government,  whether  for  schools  or 
prisons  or  insane  asylums,  was  considered  "non-productive"  and  most  people  thought 
the  least  a  government  spent  for  any  reasons  the  better  ofF  the  nation  would  be.  How- 
ever,  experience   shows   that  wise  government   expenditures   pay   handsome   dividends. 

So  Imports  Won't  Hurt? 9 

Last  month  the  two  top  labor  advisors  to  ECA  Administrator  Hoffman  maintained 
that  Hoffman's  plan  for  helping  Europe  by  letting  down  the  tariff  bars  to  foreign  goods 
would  not  hurt  American  industry  or  American  ■workers.  Here  is  the  other  side  of  the 
picture. 


Better  Break  For  The  Jobless 


13 

With  joblessness  on  the  increase,  increasing  attention  is  focusing  on  the  existing  un- 
employment insurance  program  ^rhich  v/as  v^ritten  when  conditions  ^ere  far  different 
from  these  prevailing  today.  A  bill  for  revamping  the  program  has  been  introduced 
by   Representative   McCormack.     In   this   article   his    bill    is   analyzed. 


The  Way  To  Better  Schools 


21 

With  the  school-age  population  growing  by  leaps  and  bounds  and  many  of  our  pres- 
ent school  buildings  becoming  obsolete  and  dangerous,  the  nation  must  undertake  a 
tremendous  school  construction  program.  However,  taxes  being  vrhat  they  are,  raising 
the  necessary  funds  will  be  difficult.  California's  experience  with  the  cheap  but  efficient 
one  story  school  constructed  of  wood   may  hold  the  answer. 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 
Plane  Gossip 
Editorials 
The  Locker  - 
Official 

In    Memoriam 
Correspondence 
To  The  Ladies 
Craft  Problems 


16 

24 
28 
30 
31 
33 
39 
42 


Index  to  Advertisers 


4S 


Entered   July   22,    1915,    at   INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second    class   mail   matter,    under    Act   of 

Congress.  Aiig.  24,  1912.    Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for 

in   Section   1103,  act  of   October  3,   1917,   authorized  on   July    8,    1918. 


CARPENTERS 

BUILDERS  and  APPRENTICES 


THOROUGH  TRAINING  IN  BUILDING 

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The  successful  builder  will  tell  you 
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Send  today  for  Trial  Lesson:  "How  to 
Read  Blue  Prints,"  and  set  of  Blue  Print 
Plans — sent  to  you  Free.  See  for  yourself 
how  this  Chicago  Tech  Course  prepares 
you  to  earn  more  money,  gives  you  the 
thorough  knowledge  of  Building  required 
for  the  higher-up  jobs  and  higher  pay. 
Don't  delay.  Mail  the  coupon  today  in  an 
envelope  or  use  a  penny  postcard. 


CHICAGO    TECHNICAL    COLLEGE 

TECH  BLDG.,  2000  SOUTH  MICHIGAN  AVE.,  CHICAGO  16,  ILL. 


Chicago  Technical  College 

G-123  Tech  Bldg.,  2000  So.  Michigan  Ave., 

Chicago  16,  HI. 

Mail  me  Free  Blue  Print  Plans  and  Booklet:    "How  to  Read  Blue  Prints' 
with  information  about  how  I  can  train  at  home. 

Name Age 


Address Occupation 

City Zone State 


li 


;■!■• 


^%^  DANDEE  REELS 

FOR  ALL  BUILDING  TRADES 


No.  41  Reel  and  Plumb  Bob.  Use  this  new  tool 
for  a  plumb  line,  mason  line  or  chalk  line.  Iti 
has  a  spring  bracket  attached  for  the  plumb  bob 
when  it  is  not  in  use.  Anti-backlash,  easy  to 
add  chalk,  Nickle  plated  steel  case  and  chrome, 
plated  bob  contains  100  ft,  of  No.  18  yellow 
mason  line. 


No.  44  Chalk  Line  Reel.   50 

ft.  of  line  is  always  chalked 
when  drawn  from  the  reel. 
Made  so  that  the  line  cannot 
snarl  or  tangle  within  the 
case.  Chalk  lasts  a  year  of 
ordinary  use;  can  easily  be 
reordered  and  reloaded. 


No.  44 


Plumbers*  and  Tinners' 

Furnaces... Circa  Torches 

Furna  Torches...  Razor 

Blade  Scrapers 


CEDARBERG    MANUFACTURING    CO.,    561    So.    4th    St.,    Minneapolis    IS, 

Enclosed  find  $ for  the   following  shipped   pospaid: 

n     No.   41  Reel   (100  Ft.)    @   $2.50        □     No.   44  Reel   (50  Ft.)    @   $1.00 

n     No    43  Keel  (100  Ft.)   Similar  to  No.  44  @  $1.25 

Red,  White,  Blue  and  Dark  Blue  Chalk  in  2  oz.  Containers  @  15c.    Color: 

Print  Name:   


I 

I 

I    Print  Address:   


Write    in    Margin    If    Necessary 


l^O'^ 


.^    HANG  THAT  DOOR 
THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 


"Really  a  help  for  the 
'old   hands'   and  almost 

Makes    a    clean-cut,    deeply-etched    profile    on    door.    ■    'must'    for    the    new 

Remove    chips.      Repeat    operation    on    jamb.      Hane    "oys. 

door  I    No  adjustments.    No  fussing.    Precision  made. 

Drop-forged,    heat-treated   steel.     Comes   in   3",   3i' 

and  4"    (Std)    sizes. 


ONLY  $1.75  ea. — $3.50  a  pair 
(any  two) — $5.25  complete  Bet 
of  three.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
send  only  $1.00  with  order  and 
pay  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  O.  D.  In  Canada,  .25c 
higher  per  order.  No  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    wanted. 


S.   H.  Glover 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 

"The    greatest  help    in 

hanging    doors  I    have 
ever    seen." 

J.    Allen  Charles 

Mullins.  S.   C. 


Comes  With         Conceded  by   carpenters  to  be  almost   indispensable, 
Leatherette  case      j^g  hundreds  of  testimonials  in  file  show. 
("E-Z  Mark"  Trade  Mark  Reg.) 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  Dept.  C,  Los  Angeles  16.  Cal. 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377,  Dept.  C. 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 


V 

ham 

I 


Clip    and    mail    handy    order    form    belovr. 


Gentlemen:    Please  send  the  following   "E-Z"  Mark  Butt  Gauges  as  checked  below: 

Check  Size 

n         one  of  any  size   $1.75  — 

n         two    of  any    size   $3.50  — 

n         complete    set    of    three   any  size   $5.25  — 

I    enclose   check    or    money    order         O 
Send  C.   O.   D D 

Address: City 

State: 


-Zone- 


Investments  In  Human  Resources 

Editor's  Note:  "Socialism"  and  "Welfare  State"  are  words  that  the  American  people  will  hear 
oftener  and  oftener  as  election  day  approaches.  Reactionaries  maintain  that  social  legislation  is 
bankrupting  the  nation  and  sapping  the  vitzdity  of  the  people,  while  the  more  left  wing  elements 
work  for  the  day  when  the  government  will  be  all  things  to  all  people.  Who  is  right?  The  answer 
is  neither.  There  is  a  vast  middle  ground  within  which  the  nation  can  work  out  a  sound  and 
stable   future.     The    following   excerpts    from   a   recent   speech   by   Mr.   Thurston   outline    the   problem. 

JOHN  L.  THURSTON,  Federal  Security  Agency 
*        * 

NOT  SO  VERY  long  ago,  it  used  to  be  generally  accepted  that  public 
expenditures  were  "nonproductive."  Farmers  and  manufacturers  and 
laborers  produced  the  food,  clothing,  and  shelter  for  mankind.  Pro- 
fessional people  produced  the  services.  These  were  said  to  be  "productive." 
Money  put  into  farms,  factories,  transportation  and  communication,  office 
buildings  and  the  like— that  was  "productive"  investment.  But  money  put  into 
paying  for  teachers,  judges,  policemen,  legislators,  and  prisons— that  was 
another  story.  Public  expenditures  didn't  "produce"  anything,  it  was  argued. 
Public  expenditures  were  merely  that  much  taken  out  of  what  the  economy 
produced.  Everybody  was  poorer  by  the  measure  of  every  dime  that  went 
into  the  public  coffers.  That  was  a  fairly  common  assumption  fifty  years  ago— 
and  there  may  be  a  few  alive  today  who  hold  that  view. 

According  to  this   philosophy,   the 
"best"    public    expenditure    was    the     ample  of  nonproductive  Government 
smallest  that  could  possibly  be  made,      expenditure. 

Prisons  were  good  enough  if  they  pre-  Now  experience  has  long  since 
vented  the  escape  of  criminals.  Men-  demonstrated  the  fallacy  of  the  nega- 
t^l  hospitals  were  to  keep  patients  out  tive  notion  of  Government  expenditure 
of  harm's  way,  and  from  banning  -to  most  of  us,  at  least.  In  the  field 
others-at  the  least  possible  money  of  industrial  safety,  for  example,  in- 
cost.  School  teachers  should  be  paid  dustry  itself  has  learned  the  lesson  so 
the  minimum  going-rate,  with  no  frills  well  that  it  pretty  generally  tends  to 
and  folderol  added:  no  foolishness  keep  well  ahead  of  the  minimum 
like  manual  training  and  domestic  standards  established  by  legislation, 
science  and  art  and  music  and  citi-  Recently  the  National  Association  of 
zenship.  Manufacturers   asked   about  2,000 

This  negative  philosophy  even  ex-  P^ant  operators  what  their  saxings 
tended  to  industry.  What  was  tlie  were,  due  to  the  establishing  of  medi- 
point  in  putting  safety  guards  on  ma-  cal  and  safety  departments.  Prac- 
chinery,  merely  to  prevent  accidents?  tically  all  of  them  reported  that  these 
The  point  was  to  get  goods  produced  projects  were  paymg  off  handsomely, 
in  largest  quantities  with  minimum  Here  are  the  average  reductions  they 
cost.  To  set  safety  standards  by  legis-     reported: 

lation,  and  then  to  establish  a  corps  of         In  occupational  disease 62.8% 

Government  inspectors  to   swarm         In  absenteeism   29.7% 

through  the  factories  to  enforce  those         In  compensation  costs ^^-^^^ 

laws,  was  held  to  be  one  more  ex-         In  labor  turn-over 27.3% 


THE    CARPENTER 


As  this  lesson  has  become  clearer 
with  the  passing  of  the  years,  resist- 
ance to  wise  Government  expenditure 
in  programs  of  industrial  health  and 
safety  has  disappeared.  Instead,  we 
find  today  that  there  is  the  closest 
working  cooperation  between  Gov- 
ernment and  the  general  public,  in- 
cluding management  and  labor,  in 
pushing  programs  of  health  and  safety 
in  industry.  All  have  learned  that  it 
pays  oflF  .  .  .  handsomely. 

Much  the  same  thing  is  true  in 
other  areas.  Enlightened  people  no 
longer  think  of  prisons  just  as  places 
to  lock  up  criminals  at  minimum  ex- 
pense. Though  we  still  have  a  long 
way  to  go,  we  really  believe  that  they 
should  be  what  the  newer  name  says 
—"institutions  of  correction."  And  our 
thinking  today  goes  even  beyond  cor- 
rection—our current  concern  with 
"juvenile  delinquency"  puts  the  accent 
on  prevention.  Experience  has  proved 
that  the  supervised  playground  turns 
out  better  citizens  than  the  alley  gang. 

Education  is  one  of  the  crowning 
examples  of  the  passing  of  the  nega- 
tive notion  of  public  expenditure.  A 
century  ago,  as  the  idea  of  universal 
free  compulsory^  schooling  was  bat- 
tling to  win  its  way,  there  were  those 
who  condemned  the  whole  notion  as 
socialistic  and  dangerous.  "What!" 
they  cried,  "Would  you  tax  one  man 
to  pay  for  the  education  of  another 
man's  child?"  But  a  century  of  the 
common  school  in  America  has  dem- 
onstrated its  value  so  conclusively 
that  no  responsible  voice  attacks  the 
basic  idea  that  it  is  wise  to  put  public 
moneys  into  public  schools  for  all  the 
children.  It  pays  oflF,  in  better  citi- 
zens, better  producers,  finer  people. 
It  pays  off,  too,  in  dollars  and  cents, 
as  any  comparison  of  the  man-hour 
productive  efficiency  of  an  educated 
labor  force  with  an  uneducated  labor 
force  shows. 


These  examples  only  begin  to  sug- 
gest the  reason  why  most  of  us  have 
cast  aside  the  ancient  error  that  Gov- 
ernment expenditures  are  parasitic 
and  unnecessary.  All  I  have  said  up 
to  this  point  is  that  we  are  no  longer 
confronted  vdth  the  erroneous  as- 
sumption that  public  expenditures  are 
"unproductive."  We  now  know  that 
they  are  productive. 

I  must  also  dissociate  myself  from 
a  second  error  which  occasionally  ap- 
pears in  private  and  public  discus- 
sions. Once  in  a  while  one  meets  some 
starry-eyed  persons  who  see  the  truth 
that  public  expenditures  pay  off,  and 
who  go  on  from  there  to  indulge  in 
wild  and  speculative  schemes  of  dan- 
gerous proportions.  They  are  like  the 
housewife  who  listened  to  a  fast-talk- 
ing salesman's  claim  that  the  gadget 
he  was  peddling  would  cut  her  house- 
work in  half.  "Oh!"  she  said,  brightly, 
"then  I'll  take  two  of  them  and  cut  out 
all  my  housework!"  Just  because  pub- 
lic investment  in  human  resources 
pays  off,  it  does  not  follow  that  a  lim- 
itless multiplication  of  that  expendi- 
ture will  be  desirable  for  the  individ- 
ual, or  will  be  in  the  national  interest. 

We  must  disavow  this  extreme  just 
as  clearly  as  we  deny  the  assumption 
that  public  expenditure  for  human 
welfare  is  unproductive.  We  shall  do 
well  to  recognize  that  public  invest- 
ment, like  any  other  investment,  must 
be  wisely  made  and  guided  by  the 
rules  of  reason.  This  is  a  hard-boiled, 
realistic  approach  to  the  problem  of 
human  welfare.  It  supports  all  the 
finer  ideals  of  humanity— and  it  keeps 
its  feet  on  the  ground  as  it  moves 
forward. 

With  that  perspective,  let's  turn  to 
the  question  of  what  public  invest- 
ments in  human  resources  actually 
cost— and  why  pay  for  them.  Do  we 
put  more  into  them  than  we  get  out 
of  them?   Do  public  investments  rep- 


THE    CARPENTER 


resent  a  total  waste,  or  a  partial 
waste,  or  a  net  gain?  What  is  the 
balance  sheet? 

In  general,  I  think  we  can  say  that 
much  depends  on  what  sort  of  public 
investment  we  are  talking  about,  and 
the  degree  of  adequacy  of  that  in- 
vestment in  the  light  of  the  need  it 
tries  to  meet. 

If  a  man's  roof  is  leaking,  it  will  pay 
him  to  invest  in  more  pots  and  pans 
to  put  in  the  attic  to  catch  the  drip. 
That  saves  the  plaster  and  paint  in 
the  floors  below.  Even  the  minimum 
sort  of  public  expenditure  in  picking 
up  the  pieces  of  wreckage  left  by  the 
processes  of  history  has  a  monetary 
justification  of  a  sort.  Property  val- 
ues are  higher  and  people  rest  more 
securely  when  everyone  feels  that  the 
police  system  is  doing  an  adequate 
job  in  restraining  crimes  of  violence. 
The  general  economy  has  greater 
stability  and  continuing  purchasing 
power  when  there  is  adequate  unem- 
ployment insurance  and  when  social 
security  for  the  aged  maintains  the 
purchasing  power  of  the  older  seg- 
ment of  the  population.    A  sick  man 


who  gets  well  quickly  is  a  better  pro- 
ducer than  one  whose  absenteeism  is 
high  because  of  recurrent  illness. 

But  any  wise  householder  knows 
that  it  is  better  to  fix  the  roof  than  to 
run  around  the  attic  with  pots  and 
pans  every  time  a  shower  comes. 
Whether  he  will  put  on  a  slate  roof  or 
use  shakes  or  shingles  or  asphalt-and- 
gravel  will  depend  on  a  lot  of  factors 
of  judgment  and  pocketbook.  But  he 
knows  that  a  tight  roof  is  better  than 
a  leaky  one,  that  a  tight  roof  pays  off. 
From  year  to  year  he  cannot  point  to 
exact  financial  returns  on  a  good  roof; 
but  he  can  know  that  he  has  not  had 
to  plaster  the  back  bedroom  after 
every  spring  rain. 

So  it  is  with  these  investments  in 
human  resources.  Certainly  we  shall 
never  see  the  time  when  there  will  be 
no  leaks  in  the  roof,  when  we  shall 
never  need  to  spend  something  to 
help  the  afflicted  and  the  unfortunate. 
But  we  also  know  that  the  wisest  ex- 
penditure is  that  which  reduces  to  the 
minimum  the  number  of  pots  and 
pans  we  have  to  keep  in  the  attic  of 
the  Nation,  a  policy  which  keeps  the 
roof  as  tight  as  possible. 


SAN  RAFAEL  LADIES  BACK  MANY  SUCCESSFUL  PROJECTS 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  from  Auxiliary  No.  495  of  San  Rafael,  Calif. 

We  are  two  years  old  but  have  had  many  successful  projects  and  socials.  Among  the 
latter,  the  Auxiliary  assisted  the  Brothers  of  Local  35  in  the  dedication  of  their  new 
Carpenters'  Hall  on  Lindero  Street  in  San  Rafael  on  November  5,  1949. 

We  have  enjoyed  socials  with  other  Auxiliaries  in  our  town,  believing  that  it  will 
stimulate  interest  of  all  members  of  union  auxiliaries.  Our  Members  have  taken  an  active 
part  in  all  civic  projects  and  donate  to  all  worthy  causes  and  also  sponsor  a  Blue  Bird 
Group  of  the  Camp  Fire  Girls. 

Among  the  projects  for  raising  funds,  we  have  had  a  white  elephant  auction,  food  and 
apron  sale,  card  parties,  raffles,  greeting  cards,  a  dinner  and  box  social. 

We  meet  the  first  and  third  Wednesdays  and  have  a  social  and  refreshments  following 
the  meeting. 

Our  membership  is  56  at  the  present  time.  We  started  vdth  44  charter  members  and 
we  feel  the  Auxiliary  can  look  forward  to  a  successful  and  prosperous  future. 

The  officers  are  Mrs.  L.  Biasotti,  President;  Mrs.  J.  Cornwell,  Vice  President;  Mrs.  C. 
Nelson,  Recording  Secretary;  Mrs.  T.  Perkins,  Financial  Secretary  and  Treasurer;  Mrs.  D. 
Myers,  Warden;  Mrs.  E.  Caswell,  Conductor;  Mrs.  E.  Kennedy,  Mrs.  C.  Haskin  and  Mrs. 
H.  Leard,  Trustees. 

We  would  appreciate  correspondence  from  other  Auxiliaries  and  assure  you  of  an  answer 
to  your  letters. 

Here's  to  continued  growth  and  success  to  all  Union  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally,  Mrs.  Harriet  Nelson,  Recording  Secretary 


P^ail|  ($a^ilsr  "^anrb  0itmhtx  0invitl 


DEATH  CLOSED  a  long  and  honorable  labor  career  when  Arthur 
Martel,  General  Executive  Board  member  for  the  Seventh  District, 
passed  away  in  a  Montreal  hospital  on  May  16th.  Born  at  St.  Urbain, 
Charlevoix  County,  Quebec  on  August  1,  1871,  Brother  Martel  devoted  all 
of  his  adult  life  to  the  advancement  of  organized  labor's  cause  not  only  in 
Canada  but  in  the  United  States  as  well.    His  unflagging  efforts  in  behalf  of 

the  working  man  and  his  practical,  down- 
to-earth  approach  to  all  problems  earned 
him  thousands  upon  thousands  of  firm 
friends  from  coast  to  coast  on  both  sides 
of  the  border. 

Brother  Martel  became  a  member  of 
the  United  Brotherhood  away  back  in  1902 
when  he  joined  Local  Union  No.  1127  of 
Montreal  as  a  charter  member.  For  many 
years  he  served  as  president  of  that  union. 
For  some  six  years  he  served  as  president 
of  the  Montreal  District  Council.  Largely 
through  his  efforts  the  Quebec  Provincial 
Council  was  organized  in  the  City  of  Sorel 
in  1906.  For  some  twelve  years  he  served 
the  council  as  president. 

During  the  Sixteenth  General  Conven- 
tion in  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  in  1910  he  was 
elevated  to  General  Executive  Board  Mem- 
^  ber  for  the  Seventh  District,  a  position  to 

which  he  was  consistently  re-elected  ever  since.  In  this  capacity  he  assisted 
in  the  organization  of  the  greater  number  of  local  unions  now  existing  in  tlie 
Seventh  District.  He  also  helped  to  organize  many  of  the  Building  Trades 
Locals  which  are  functioning  today  in  Canada. 

Many  signal  honors  have  come  to  Brother  Martel  in  his  labor  career.  For 
six  years  he  served  as  vice-president  of  the  Trades  and  Labor  Congress  of 
Canada.  In  1919  and  1920  he  was  elected  delegate  to  the  International  Labor 
Conferences  which  were  held  in  Washington,  D.  C,  and  Geneva,  Switzerland. 
In  April  of  last  year.  King  George  VI,  recognizing  Brother  Martel's  many 
contributions  to  the  welfare  of  Canada,  bestowed  upon  him  the  honorary  title 
of  Member  of  the  British  Empire. 

With  the  advice  and  guidance  of  Brother  Martel,  the  workers  of  Montreal 
and  the  entire  Province  of  Quebec  have  made  rapid  and  consistent  progress 
through  their  labor  movement.  When  the  Carpenters  of  Montreal  dedicated 
their  great  new  headquarters  building  on  November  11,  1946,  a  long  cherished 
dream  of  Brother  Martel  came  true;  which  explains  why  it  is  often  referred 
to  as  "Martel  Building." 

The  passing  of  Brother  Martel  left  a  gap  that  will  be  hard  to  fill.  Funeral 
services  were  held  at  Saint  Ambrose  Parish  Church,  Friday  morning.  May  19th. 


So  Imports  Won't  Hurt? 

*  *  * 

OUR  TARIFFS  used  to  be  set  and  revised  in  accordance  with  the  needs 
of  our  domestic  economy.  Now  they  are  talked  of  as  expendable  or, 
to  be  more  exact,  the  American  industries  that  depend  on  tariffs  are 
now  being  treated  as  expendable,  in  the  effort  to  foster  imports  and  so  balance 
our  foreign  trade  at  current  abnoi-mal  export  levels.  Some  of  these  industries 
are  being  marked  for  sacrifice  and  when  they  go,  men  lose  jobs,  investors 
lose  money,  suppliers  lose  customers  and  the  country  loses  some  of  the 
elements  in  a  diversified  economy. 

Can  we  stand  the  loss  of  the  Waltham  Watch  Company?    The  Waltham 
Co.  recently  closed  its  doors  because  of  inability  to  compete  with  foreign 

goods  flooding  the  market.  Thousands 

lost  their  jobs  as  a  result.  We  have 
only  two  old-line  watch  manufactur- 
ers left.  Who  bene- 
fits from  liquidating 
Waltham?  Switzer- 
land perhaps?  That 
admirable,  demo- 
cratic country  is 
worth  having  as  a 
friend,  but  is  she 
making  reciprocal 
sacrifices  on  the  al- 
tar of  friendship? 

Here  is  what  Prof. 
Friederich  A.  Lutz 
of  Princeton  said  about  the  Swiss  at 
the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  Acad- 
emy of  Political  Science:  "Switzerland 
has  no  shortage  of  dollars,  and  yet 
she  adheres  to  a  system  of  bilateral 
trade  agreements,  chiefly  because  she 
aims  at  preserving  a  certain  structure 
of  her  exports  by  making  the  partner 
countries  to  these  agreements  import 
watches  and  other  Swiss  export  goods 
and  allow  their  citizens  to  travel  in 
Switzerland.  She  has  even  gone  so 
far  as  to  make  balances  of  Swiss 
francs  accumulated  by  Argentina  and 
the  Bizone  of  Germany  inconvertible 
into  dollars,  so  as  to  force  these  coun- 


With  Uncle  Sam  now  proposing  to 
boost  imports  of  foreign  goods  through 
tariff  reductions  as  a  means  of  helping 
the  European  economy,  the  tariff  ques- 
tion becomes  an  extremely  important  one. 
In  last  month's  issue,  the  two  top  labor 
advisors  to  the  Economic  Cooperation 
Administration,  in  an  article  entitled 
"Imports  Won't  Hurt  Us",  endeavored  to 
show  that  the  EGA  program  for  lower- 
ing the  tariff  bars  to  European  goods 
will  not  hurt  our  economy.  In  the  fol- 
lowing article,  Richard  H.  Anthony,  sec- 
retary of  the  American  Tariff  League, 
shows  the  other  side  of  the  picture  in 
a  condensation  of  an  article  which  ap- 
peared in  The  Commercial  and  Finan- 
cial   Chronicle. 


tries  to  use  the  balances  for  purchases 
or  travel  in  Switzerland." 

Perhaps  Switzer- 
land must  resort  to 
these  measures  to 
protect  her  econo- 
my and  her  demo- 
cratic processes. 
Whatever  the  an- 
swer, these  Swiss 
measures  are  re- 
strictive and  discrim- 
inatory, whereas  our 
low-average  tariffs 
are  the  mildest  kind 
of  trade  regulation. 

Let's  get  down  to  fundamentals. 
We  need  certain  raw  materials  and 
we  like  certain  finished  products  that 
come  from  abroad.  In  order  to  induce 
the  foreigner  to  send  them  to  us  we 
must  send  him  what  we  have  that  he 
needs  or  wants.  You  can  disguise  and 
complicate  the  problem  ad  infinitum 
by  the  introduction  of  currency,  ex- 
change, etc.,  but  the  basic  fact  is  that 
our  foreign  trade  starts  with  a  de- 
ficiency on  our  part  which  must  be 
paid  for  by  transfer  of  a  portion  of 
our  production.  The  latter  day  idea 
that  the  amount  of  goods  we  can  or 


10 


THE    CARPENTER 


want  to  ship  abroad  should  be  the 
measure  of  what  we  take  in,  even 
though  some  domestic  producers  go 
bankrupt  in  the  process  of  balancing 
income  and  outgo,  puts  the  cart  half 
a  mile  ahead  of  the  horse. 

The  latest  agency  to  urge  that  we 
should  artificially  foster  our  imports 
at  the  expense  of  certain  of  our  do- 
mestic producers  is  the  Economic  Co- 
operation Administration. 

The  EA  had  two  jobs  to  do:  (1)  geo- 
graphical containment  of  Commun- 
ism, and  (2)  fostering  economic  re- 
covery of  foreign  nations.  In  Europe 
both  goals  have  been  accomplished. 
Communism  has  made  no  further  en- 
croachment to  the  west:  and  the  Euro- 
pean EC  A  countries,  except  Germany, 
have  either  surpassed  or  achieved 
approximately  their  pre-war  produc- 
tion and  export  positions  quantita- 
tively. 

Now  ECA  says,  in  effect:  We  are 
getting  ready  to  pull  out  of  Europe 
and  when  we  go  we  want  the  in- 
coming and  outgoing  elements  in  the 
U.  S. -European  trade  to  balance,  and 
furthermore  to  balance  at  the  current 
U.  S.  export  level.  Translated  into 
figures,  ECA's  suggestion  means  that 
Europe  must  expand  its  exports  to 
the  United  States  by  $3.5  billion,  an 
increase  of  300%  or  more.  Clearly, 
Europe  is  in  no  position  to  meet  this 
extraordinary^  demand,  no  matter 
what  inducements  the  United  States 
may  offer.  Yet,  ECA  publishes  a  list 
of  U.  S.  commodities  on  which  there 
are  individual  tariffs  of  25%  or  great- 
er and  says,  in  effect:  Slash  those  and 
help  close  the  gap. 

We  say  it  misleads  the  American 
public  and  lays  the  ground-work  for 
international  ill-will  to  offer  any  such 
illusory  hope  that  further  slashing  of 
our  tariffs,  which,  at  an  average  of 
13%,  are  the  lowest  in  our  history,  or 
even  eliminating  them  entirely,  will 
have  any  appreciable  effect  on  closing 


the  trade  gap.  Cutting  tariffs  in  such 
an  indiscriminate  fashion  can  ruin  in- 
dividual companies  or  even  whole  in- 
dustries in  the  United  States,  but  it 
will  not  close  the  foreign  trade  gap  at 
the  current  export  level. 

The  tariff  has  no  measurable  im- 
portance in  the  overall  trade  picture 
an\^way.  Our  imports  rise  and  fall 
with  our  national  income,  despite  the 
level  of  tariff  at  any  particular  time. 
Over  the  long  years  our  imports  have 
shown  a  general  upward  trend  that 
echoes  our  increase  in  population. 

It  so  happens  that  the  amount  nec- 
essary to  balance  the  current  ERP 
dollar  deficit  is  roughly  the  same  as 
the  value  of  the  products  of  the  entire 
pulp  and  paper  industry  in  the  United 
States  for  1947,  i.e.,  $.3  billion.  I  as- 
sume you  would  not  be  willing  to  sac- 
rifice your  industry,  employing  200,000 
wage  earners,  in  order  to  bring  in  im- 
ported commodities  sufificient  in  value 
to  equal  that  figure. 

If  you  have  any  doubts  about  the 
misleading  nature  of  the  ECA  recom- 
mendations, let  me  suggest  that  you 
read  what  the  experts  say  and  apply 
every  statistical  test  of  which  you 
know.  I  have  done  both  and  the 
answer  keeps  staring  me  in  the  face- 
slashing  tariffs  is  of  no  avail  in  tack- 
ling the  trade  gap  problem. 

Here  is  what  Professor  Seymour  E. 
Harris  of  Harvard  told  that  same 
Academy  of  Political  Science  meeting: 
"Despite  the  large  reduction  in  tariffs 
here  and  increased  restriction  abroad, 
which  should  have  facilitated  Eu- 
ropean exports  and  depressed  their 
imports,  despite  the  widespread  use  of 
controls  abroad  to  raise  exports  and 
reduce  imports,  despite  the  much 
larger  rise  in  money  wages  here— 
despite  all  of  these,  the  United  States 
has  been  flooded  with  gold  and  the 
world  is  short  of  dollars." 

Now,  just  a  few  figures  to  docu- 
ment the  League's  conclusions.    The 


THE    CARPENTER 


11 


data  are  for  1948,  but  preliminary 
1949  reports  indicate  no  substantial 
change  in  the  size  of  oui  foreign  trade 
gap.  According  to  ECA's  own  figures, 
we  imported  from  ERP  countries  in 
1948,  $2.4  billion  of  goods  and  serv- 
ices, of  which  $1.2  billion  consisted  of 
merchandise.  We  exported  to  those 
countries  $5.9  billion  of  goods  and 
services,  resulting  in  an  export-over- 
import  imbalance  of  $3.5  billion.  That 
$3.5  billion  is  the  gap.  When  people 
talk  of  cutting  U.  S.  tariffs  in  order  to 
bridge  that  gap  they  are  suggesting 
that  we  expand  $1.2  billion  of  mer- 
chandise imports  from  Europe  to  $4.7 
billions,  a  300%  increase.  If  they  ex- 
pect services,  such  as  tourist  expendi- 
tures abroad,  to  increase  also,  they 
may  have  that  merchandise  figure,  but 
still  it  is  going  to  be  close  to  300%. 
Professor  Harris  says  that  should  de- 
valuation reduce  dollar  prices  of 
Western  European  products  by  a  fifth, 
the  required  increase  would  be  400%. 
According  to  a  year-end  International 
Monetary  Fund  report,  such  dollar 
prices  are  nearing  that  margin  of 
decline. 

I  won't  bore  you  further  with  fig- 
ures provided  you  will  take  on  faith 
that  to  ask  a  300-400%  increase  in  pro- 
duction for  export  in  Europe  is  a  fan- 
tastic demand,  particularly  when 
EGA  is  asking  Europe  to  integrate  its 
economy  and  step  up  its  internal  trade 
as  well. 

Actually  there  is  surprisingly  little 
dispute  over  the  figures  or  the  facts. 
Practically  everyone  who  has  studied 
the  "trade  gap"  problem  realizes  that 
tinkering  with  the  cmrrently  low-aver- 
age U.  S.  tariff  is  not  going  to  solve 
it,  but  what  puzzles  us  in  the  League 
is  why,  with  this  general  acceptance 
of  the  facts,  there  is  the  iUogical  de- 
mand to  go  ahead  and  cut  tariffs 
across  the  board  anyway.  We  suspect 
that  those  who  make  this  proposal  are 
motivated  not  so  much  by  a  desire  to 


close  the  trade  gap  as  by  a  desire  just 
to  slash  tariffs. 

The  favorite  argument  for  tariff-cut- 
ting as  a  desirable  operation  per  se,  is 
that  it  will  foster  the  importation  of 
goods  from  low-labor-cost  foreign 
countries  and  thus  save  money  for  the 
American  consumer.  Let  me  give  you 
the  latest  illustration  of  how  wrong 
this  argument  can  be. 

We  have  had  a  dwindling  wool- 
raising  industry  in  the  U.  S.  for  some 
years.  Dm'ing  the  war  it  was  essen- 
tial, ff  not  vital,  because  hauling  wool 
from  Australia  through  submarine-in- 
fested waters  was  uncertain  and  dan- 
gerous. Since  the  war  the  argument 
that  the  wool  tariff  was  adding  pen- 
nies to  the  price  of  \our  winter  suit 
came  to  the  fore,  and,  despite  the 
pleas  of  the  American  wool  growers, 
the  tariff  on  raw  wool  was  cut  at 
Geneva  in  1947  for  the  benefit  of 
Australia.  Since  then  our  western 
herds  have  dwindled  still  more  and 
Australia  has  virtually  cornered  the 
market.  Last  month  at  the  wool  auc- 
tion in  Sydney,  private  buyers  from 
the  United  States  and  Great  Britain 
found  themselves  bidding  against 
state  trading  company  representatives 
from  a  number  of  countries  for  the 
wool  clip,  with  the  result  that  the 
price  of  wool  has  gone  soaring  and 
you  may  have  to  pay  a  little  more  for 
your  next  suit  as  a  result,  and  despite 
the  lower  tariff. 

While  we  are  considering  object 
lessons,  I  also  would  like  to  say  that 
coffee,  on  which  there  is  no  "wicked" 
tariff  whatsoever,  is  fast  becoming  a 
luxury  in  many  households,  indicating 
that  free  trade  is  not  exactly  a  solution 
to  the  problem  of  the  high  cost-of- 
living. 

The  tariff  still  has  a  part  to  play  in 
our  economy.  It  is,  by  universal  ad- 
mission, the  mildest,  and  fairest  regu- 
latory measure  in  international  trade 
and  we  need  it  to  preserve  competi- 


12 


THE    CARPENTER 


tive  conditions  in  our  domestic  mar- 
ket as  betAveen  foreign  producers  and 
certain  of  our  industries  with  a  high 
labor  element  in  their  total  produc- 
tion costs.  It  is  as  unrealistic  to  de- 
mand the  ehmination  of  tarifFs  because 
most  of  those  industries  are  not  now 
being  injured,  as  it  is  to  demand  the 
ehmination  of  the  fire  department 
because  the  cit\"'s  fire  record  has  im- 
proved. There  is  nothing  in  the  pres- 
ent state  of  affairs  that  gives  us  a.ny 
confidence  that  the  ciurent  abnormal 
level  of  domestic  demand  and  pro- 
duction will  continue  in  its  present 
pattern.  Indeed  the  pattern  is  begin- 
ning to  change,  and  as  it  tends  toward 
the  normal  situation,  injuries  due  to 
unwise  tariff  slashing  will  come  for- 
cibly to  pubhc  attention.  Ahead}'  a 
number  of  danger  flags  are  fluttering. 

Under  a  flexible  tariff  system  we 
could  var\-  our  rates  to  match  chang- 
ing situations,  but  we  have  no  flexible 
system  at  present.  Om:  tariffs  are  be- 
ing continuously  cut  b\-  international 
agreement.    Anv  move  toward  subse- 


quent upward  readjustment  of  a  rate, 
however  just,  creates  an  international 
incident  and  so  is  avoided  b\"  our  gov- 
ernment, although  foreign  govern- 
ments can  take  such  unilateral  actions 
with  impunit\'.  We  have  also  seen 
that  the  philosoph\-  of  downward  re- 
\^sion  only  of  tariffs  has  so  permeated 
our  government  departments  and 
commissions  that  the  trade  agree- 
ments escape  clause,  which  was  sup- 
posed to  safeguard  our  domestic 
producers  from  injurious  dut}'  cuts, 
has  not  once  been  invoked  nor  has 
any  of  the  many  showdngs  of  injury 
e\-en  been  followed  by  recommenda- 
tion that  the  clause  be  invoked.  Some 
ha\-e  not  even  been  thoroughly  in- 
vestigated. 

The  tariff  is  important  to  certain 
domestic  industries.  It  is  not  a  tool 
with  which  you  can  tinker  our  inter- 
national trade  account  into  balance. 
I  urge  you  to  let  the  tariff  perform 
the  function  for  which  it  is  best  fitted, 
and  to  tackle  the  trade  gap  problem 
with  tools  better  adapted  to  the  pur- 
pose. 


POTTSVELLE  GR.\DUATES  LARGE  APPPiEXTICE  CLASS 

On  Tuesday  evening,  April  11th,  at  Reilly  Hall,  a  well-attended  meeting  saw  a  fine 
group  of  young  men  receive  their  Joume^Tnen  Certificates  attesting  to  their  completion  of 
four  years  of  apprenticeship  study.  V»'ith  appropriate  ceremonies  the  young  men  were 
welcomed  into  tlie  union  and  into  the  carpentr>'  craft.  Virtually  all  of  them  are  veterans 
of  one  or  anotlier  branches  of  tlie  armed  forces. 

Lower  Left  to  Right:  Stanley 
Galavage,  under  Schneider  & 
DaWs;  Joseph  Hollick.  under 
Diamond  Home  &  Improve- 
ment Co.:  Guy  Ir\-ing,  Pres.  of 
Local  228;  James  Deibler,  un- 
der Chester  Cooper;  Benjamin 
Rosenberger.  under  MaUck  and 
Lewars. 

Middle  Row.  Left  to  Right: 
Daniel  Basgil,  under  Schneider 
&  Davis;  George  Schultz,  un- 
der Kingston  Contracting  Co. 
&  Arthm-  A.  Johnson  Inc.; 
Homer  Riegel.  under  Burton 
Cooper:  Robert  Sterner,  under 
Schneider   6c   Da%"is,   missing. 

Top  Row,  Left  to  Right:  Clark  Lewars.  Vice  Pres.;  John  McCready.  Recording  Sec'y; 
G.  Edward  Ossman,  Business  Agent  and  Financial  Sec'y;  George  W.  Houser,  Treasurer. 


13 


Break  For  The  Jobless 


WITH  unemployment  climbing  despite  continued  high  business  ac- 
tivity, increasing  attention  is  focusing  on  the  existing  unemployment 
compensation  program.  Pressure  for  extension  and  improvement  of 
the  program  is  mounting.  Since  construction  work  tends  to  be  seasonal  and 
subject  to  economic  fluctuations,  construction  workers  have  a  vital  stake  in 
any  revisions  which  might  be  made  in  the  program.  Recently  Representative 
John  W.  McCormack  introduced  in  the  House  a  bill  to  revamp  the  unemploy- 
ment compensation  program  and  bring  it  more  nearly  into  accord  with  current 
conditions.  Principle  provisions  of  the  bill  (H.  R.  8059)  are  herewith  outlined: 

I— Extension  of  Coverage 

A.  Coverage  under  the  Federal  Un- 
employment  Tax    Act    of   employers 

I  who  have  one  or  more  individuals  in 
employment  at  any  time,  thus  extend- 
ing the  protection  of  the  employment 
security  program  to  employes  of  small 
firms. 

B.  Coverage  of  Federal  civilian  em- 
ployes under  the  unemployment  in- 
surance laws  of  the  states  where 
employes  perform  federal  services, 
the  costs  to  be  financed  by  the  federal 
government. 

C.  Redefinition  of  agricultural  labor 
to  bring  v/ithin  coverage  of  the  pro- 
gram certain  employes  who  are  not 
ordinarily  thought  of  as  performing 
"agricultural  labor"  and  employes 
who  perform  certain  operations  of  an 
essentially  industrial  nature  on  farm 
commodities  for  employers  other  than 
farmers. 

D.  Redefinition  of  the  term  "em- 
ploye" to  bring  within  the  coverage  of 
the  program  certain  individuals  who, 
although  economically  dependent 
upon  the  employer,  fail  to  meet  in 
some  respects  the  technical  common 
law  definition  of  the  term  "employe." 
The  bill  also  removes  the  exemption 
relating  to  insurance  salesmen. 


E.  Puerto  Rico  to  be  defined  as  a 
state  under  Title  HI  and  the  Federal 
Unemployment  Tax  Act,  subject  to 
Puerto  Rico's  acceptance  of  coverage. 

H— Minimum  Benefit  Provisions  to  Be 
Incorporated  into  State  Laws 

A.  Benefit  payments  to  individuals 
without  dependents  to  be  substan- 
tially equal  to  50  per  cent  of  weekly 
wages  up  to  at  least  $30  a  week;  for 
individuals  with  one  dependent,  ben- 
efits to  be  substantially  equal  to  60 
per  cent  of  weekly  wages  up  to  at 
least  $36  a  week;  for  individuals  with 
2  dependents,  benefits  to  be  substan- 
tially equal  to  65  percent  of  weekly 
wages  up  to  at  least  $39  a  week;  and 
for  individuals  with  3  or  more  de- 
pendents, benefits  to  be  substantially 
equal  to  70  per  cent  of  weekly  wages 
up  to  at  least  $42  a  week. 

B.  Benefit  duration  of  at  least  26 
weeks  in  a  benefit  year,  uniformly 
available  to  all  insured  unemployed 
persons. 

C.  Qualifying  requirements  of  not 
more  than  (1)  wages  equal  to  30  times 
the  benefit  amount;  or  (2)  wages  equal 
to  IV2  times  high-quarter  earnings;  or 
(3)  20  weeks  of  employment  in  the 
base  period.  These  qualifying  require- 


14 


THE    CARPENTER 


ments    are    in    common    use    in    the 
states. 

Ill— Provisions  to  Assure  Prompt  and 

Full  Payments   of  Benefits   to 

Multistate  Workers. 

In  order  to  assure  that  persons  who 
work  in  several  states  during  their 
base  period  shall  receive  full  and 
prompt  payment  of  benefits  to  which 
they  are  entitled,  the  bill  contains 
provisions  directing  the  Secretary  of 
Labor  to  withhold  from  a  state  ad- 
ministrative grants  unless  the  state 
law  contains  pro\'isions  for  participa- 
tion in  plans  and  methods  of  combin- 
ing wage  credits  of  multistate  workers 
and  for  handling  interstate  claims 
which  the  Secretary  of  Labor  finds 
are  reasonably  calculated  to  assure 
the  prompt  and  full  payment  of  bene- 
fits to  workers  who  move  from  one 
state  to  another. 

IV— Provisions  Designed  to  Preclude 

Abuse   of   the  Program  by 

Fraudulent  Claimants 

In  order  to  prevent  fraud  and  to 
eliminate  all  t\'pes  of  unwarranted 
payments,  the  bill  contains  pro\'isions 
directing  the  Secretary  of  Labor  to 
withhold  from  a  state  administrative 
grants  unless  the  state  law  contains 
provisions  for  methods  of  administra- 
tion which  the  Secretary  of  Labor 
finds  are  reasonably  calculated  to  pre- 
vent misuse  of  the  unemplo^Tnent  in- 
surance program  by  fraudulent  claim- 
ants and  to  assure  the  payment  of 
compensation  only  to  individuals  en- 
titled thereto. 

V— Provisions    Relating   to  Waiting 
Period  and  Disqualifications. 

Benefits  are  to  be  payable  to  all  un- 
emplo\ed  insured  claimants  who  are 
able  and  willing  to  work  except  that  a 
state  may  postpone  the  payment  of 
benefits  for  the  first  week  of  unem- 
plo\"ment  in  a  benefit  year;  it  may 
postpone  the  payment  of  benefits  (but 
not   reduce    the    benefits    potentially 


payable)  up  to  6  weeks  if  the  claimant 
voluntarily  quits  work  without  good 
cause,  or  w^as  discharged  for  miscon- 
duct connected  with  his  work,  or  re- 
fused suitable  work  without  good 
cause. 

A  state  may  deny  benefits  to  strik- 
ers, but  not  to  employes  who  are 
"locked-out"  by  their  employer.  It 
may  postpone,  or  reduce  the  amount 
potentially  payable,  or  cancel  the 
wage  credits,  of  any  individual  who 
makes  a  false  claim  for  benefits.  A 
state  may,  if  it  so  desires,  postpone 
for  the  duration  of  his  unemplo>TTient 
the  payment  of  benefits  to  any  indi- 
vidual who  has  been  discharged  for 
misconduct  connected  with  his  last 
employment  which  has  resulted  in  his 
conviction  of  a  crime. 

VI— Financing  Provisions  (Including 
Reinsurance  Grants) 

A.  Automatic  appropriation  of  pro- 
ceeds of  the  Federal  Unemployment 
Tax  Act  to  the  federal  unemployment 
account  in  the  Unemployment  Trust 
Fund.  The  federal  unemployment  Ac- 
count is  to  be  used  (1)  to  provide 
grants  to  states  to  defray  the  costs  of 
administering  their  unemployment 
compensation  laws  and  their  public 
employment  oflBces;  (2)  to  defray  the 
costs  of  the  federal  administration  of 
the  employment  security  program; 
and  (3)  to  provide  reinsurance  grants 
to  states. 

The  bill  also  authorizes  contin- 
gency appropriations  to  be  available 
to  states  for  the  administration  of 
their  employment  securit}'  programs 
in  the  event  of  unforeseen  changes  in 
conditions,  such  as  an  unexpected  in- 
crease in  the  number  of  claims  filed. 

B.  Substitution  of  reinsurance 
grants  for  present  provisions  for  loans 
to  states  which  have  expired.  The  bill 
pro\ides  that  a  state  shall  be  entitled 
to  a  reinsurance  grant  for  any  calen- 
dar quarter  beginning  after  June  30, 


THE    CARPENTER 


15 


1950.  whenever  on  the  last  day  of  a 
calendar  quarter  the  funds  available 
to  the  state  for  the  payment  of  unem- 
ployment compensation  fall  below  the 
amount  of  compensation  paid  during 
the  preceding  6  months. 

However,  in  order  for  a  state  to  be 
eligible  for  reinsurance  grants  after 
the  computation  date  for  the  first  tax- 
able year  beginning  after  December 
31,  1952,  it  must  have  levied  a  tax  rate 
of  at  least  1.2  per  cent  on  all  covered 
employment  if  on  the  computation 
date  for  such  taxable  year  the  state's 
unemployment  fund  has  fallen  below 
a  specified  margin  of  safety;  namely, 
below  6  per  cent  of  the  most  recent 
annual  taxable  payroll  or  below  the 
amount  of  compensation  paid  during 
the  two  years  immediately  preceding 
such  date,  whichever  amount  is 
greater. 

The  amount  of  the  grant  is  to  be 
an  amount  estimated  by  the  Secretary 
of  Labor  to  be  equal  to  three-fourths 
of  the  compensation  which  will  be 
payable  during  the  quarter  for  which 
such  grant  is  made  which  exceeds  2 
per  cent  of  the  taxable  payroll  for 
such  quarter.  The  bill  contains  ap- 
propriate safeguards  against  the  pos- 
sibility of  a  state  unduly  liberalizing 
its  unemployment  insurance  law  with 
the  expectation  of  defraying  the  in- 
creased cost  occasioned  thereby  with 
funds  obtained  from  a  reinsurance 
grant. 


VII— Definition  of  Wages. 

A.  The  upper  limit  on  earnings  sub- 
ject to  the  Federal  Unemployment 
Tax  Act  during  a  calendar  year  is  in- 
creased from  $3,000  to  $4,800.  The 
taxable  wages  limitation  is  made  ap- 
plicable, under  certain  conditions,  to 
wages  paid  either  by  the  employer  or 
by  a  predecessor  employer. 

B.  The  term  "wages"  is  defined  to 
include  tips,  but  only  in  the  amount 
that  the  employe  reports  in  writing, 
within  a  specified  time,  to  the  em- 
ployer as  having  been  received  by 
him  during  the  calendar  quarter. 

VIII-EflFective  Dates. 

A.  The  provisions  relating  to  bene- 
fits would  become  effective  July  1, 
1952.  '■ 

B.  The  provisions  relating  to  exten- 
sion of  coverage  (except  for  federal 
employes)  and  definition  of  wages 
w^ould  become  effective  January  1, 
1952. 

C.  Federal  employes  would  become 
entitled  to  benefits  beginning  January 
1,  1951. 

D.  The  automatic  appropriation  of 
the  proceeds  of  the  Federal  Unem- 
ployment Tax  Act  to  the  federal  un- 
employment account  would  become 
effective  January  1,  1951. 

E.  States  would  become  ehgible  for 
reinsurance  grants  with  the  quarter 
beginnmg  July  1,  1950. 


CANADA'S  FINANCES  COMPARED  WITH  OURS 

Canada's  budget  and  finances  are  analyzed  in  a  study  recently  prepared  by  tlie  staff 
of  the  Joint  Committee  on  Internal  Revenue  Taxation.  Comparisons  with  the  Umted 
States  are  made  in  certain  salient  respects. 

One  of  the  marked  diflFerences  between  the  two  countries  is  that  Canada  is  operating 
at  a  budget  surplus  though  its  expenditures  are  currently  higher  tlian  in  the  1949  fiscal 
year.  On  a  per  capita  basis,  Canada's  expenditures,  tax  receipts  and  the  pubhc  debt 
burden  are  very  much  lower  than  in  the  United  States.  The  Canadian  funded  debt 
currently  is  the  equivalent  of  $1,109  per  capita  as  compared  witli  nearly  $1,700  per 
capita  in  the  United  States. 

Sales  and  excise  taxes  represent  the  biggest  single  source  of  Canadian  Government 
receipts  in  the  1951  budget,  rather  than  individual  income  taxes  as  is  the  case  m  the 
United  States. 


-5  IP 


SLIGHTLY  CONFUSING 

Is  there  danger  of  a  shooting  war  with 
Russia  in  the  foreseeable  future?  It  seems 
as  if  your  guess  is  as  good  as  anybody's.  In 
the  past  few  weeks  various  high  Brass  in 
Washington  have  predicted:  1.  there  will  be 
no  war  for  ten  years;  2.  the  war  is  prac- 
tically on  right  now;  3.  there  may  never  be 
a  war.  Apparently  all  you  have  to  do  is 
make  your  own  guess  and  in  a  day  or  two 
you  will  have  some  Brass  Hat  backing  you 
up.  To  our  way  of  thinking,  the  whole  con- 
fused situation  is  reminiscent  of  the  depart- 
ment store  floor  walker. 

Anxious  to  buck  up  business,  the  proprie- 
tor of  a  large  store  engaged  an  "efficiency 
expert"  whose  chief  delight  was  changing 
the  departments  around. 

One  day  a  section  would  be  at  the  top 
of  the  building;  the  next  it  would  be  in  the 
basement  or  else  where  the  restaurant  used 
to  be. 

After  three  weeks  of  this,  an  old  lady 
approached  a  worried-looking  floor-walker 
one  morning  and  asked  if  he  could  tell  her 
where  the  kitchen  utensils  were. 

"No,  madam,"  repUed,  wearily;  'Taut  if 
you  stand  here  for  a  few  minutes,  I'm  sure 
you'll  see  them  go  by." 


"If  you  were  Union,  Pop,  you 
wouldn't  have  to  supplement  your 
wages  this  way!** 


WHAT'S   SAUCE  FOR  THE  GOOSE 

Last  month  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  upheld  the  constitutionality-  of  Section 
9  (H)  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  which  re- 
quires all  union  officers  to  sign  a  non-com- 
munist affida\"it  before  the  union  is  entitled 
to  use  of  the  ser\'ices  of  the  National  Labor 
Relations  Board.  \\Tiile  we  have  nothing 
but  the  highest  respect  for  the  integrity  and 
ability  of  the  Supreme  Court,  it  seems  odd 
that  communists  can  sit  in  Congress,  they 
can  engage  in  business,  or  they  can  enter 
the  professions  (and  sometimes  probably 
do)  because  nobody  checks  on  these  areas 
of  otir  economic  Life.  But  let  some  poor  old 
wood  butcher  or  pile  driver  get  elected 
warden  of  his  local  union  and  immediately 
he  has  to  satisfy  Uncle  Sam  that  he  is  not  a 
Red.  If  non-communist  affida\its  are  okay 
for  union  officials,  why  not  for  Congressmen 
and  employers  and  professional  men  too? 
What's  sauce  for  the  goose  certainly  ought 
to  be  sauce  for  the  gander.  The  same  for 
each  customer  ought  to  be  the  rule— which 
brings  to  mind  an  old  one. 

An  Eastern  planned  to  move  to  the  West 
for  his  health  and,  before  deciding  on  a  spe- 
cific location,  visited  several  communities  to 
check  on  conditions.  In  one  small  town  he 
encountered  an  old-timer  sitting  on  the  steps 
of  the  general  store  and,  during  a  short 
chat,  he  asked: 

"What  is  the  death  rate  here?" 

To  which  the  oldtimer  replied:  "Same  as 
anv  place,  bub.    One  to  a  person." 
•      •      • 
TL\IE  TO  LEA\'E  THE  AX 

Despite  the  billions  of  dollars  that  have 
been  poured  into  European  rehabilitation 
since  the  end  of  the  war,  few  of  the  coim- 
tries  are  as  yet  able  to  stand  on  their  own 
feet.  Current  European  appropriations  under 
consideration  still  run  into  bilhons  and  al- 
ready there  is  plenty  of  talk  that  the  aid  pro- 
gram will  have  to  be  carried  beyond  1952, 
the  original  goal  set  for  discontinuing  all  aid. 

A  wood  butcher  can  hardly  be  expected 
to  know  very  much  about  international  fi- 
nance. However,  from  where  we  sit,  it 
seems  to  us  that  the  time  has  come  for  a 
iittle  reviewing  of  our  whole  program. 
Maybe  the  time  has  come  for  Uncle  Sam  to 
remember  the  old  storv  about  Zeke,  the  hill- 
biUv. 


THE    CARPENTER 


17 


Zeke  got  a  job  in  the  city.  As  he  was 
taking  leave  of  his  family,  his  wife  came  to 
the  door  and  called  after  him: 

"Come  back  here,  Zeke,"  she  bellowed. 
"You  haven't  split  a  stick  of  wood  and  the 
Lord  knows  how  long  you  will  be  gone." 

Zeke  turned  around,   and  spitting  out  a 
generous    gob  of   tobacco    juice,   he   yelled 
I  back: 
'     "Hush    your    mouth,   woman.     The    way 

■  you  talk  a  body  would  think  I  was  taking 
'  the  ax  with  me." 

*  *      • 

THE  ONLY  QUESTION 

Witli  election  day  drawing  closer.  Senator 
'Taft's  advisers  are  trying  to  picture  him  as 

■  a  true  liberal.  However  the  Ohio  Senator 
is  tied  too  closely  to  a  thoroughly  reaction- 

•  ary  record  for  the  <;ampaign  to  achieve  much 
success.  To  oiu:  way  of  thinking,  he  is  in  a 
position  about  like  the  young  lady  who  went 
to  a  fortune  teller; 

'  "Very  shortly,"  droned  the  mystic,  "you 
'will  meet  a  tall  handsome  man,  who  will 
'  sweep  you  off  your  feet.   He  will  shower  you 

■  with  gifts,  take  you  to  breath-taking  night 
spots  and  the  two  of  you  will  drink  a  toast 
to  yo\ir  everlasting  love." 

"Has  he  lots  of  money?"  she  asked. 

"He  is  president  of  a  large  concern  and 
heir  to  a  million  dollars." 

"Gosh,"  she  stammered.  "Now  tell  me 
ftist  one  more  thing.    How  do  I  get  rid  of 

my  husband  and  the  two  children?" 

I  - 

•  •      • 

SORT  OF  SLOW 

The  current  session  of  Congress  was  going 
to  rewrite  the  Social  Security  law  to  bring 
benefits  more  into  hne  with  today's  inflated 

(Conditions.  To  date,  however,  talk  has  been 
about  the  only  thing  that  has  emerged  from 
Congress.  If  ovu"  legislators  intend  to  do 
an>i:hing    about    the    unrealistic    Social    Se- 

iCurity   benefits    that    exist   today,    they   cer- 

.tainly  are  slow  about  getting  around  to  it. 
Ip  fact  they  sort  of  remind  us  of  the  farmer 
who  crossed  verbal  swords  with  the  truck 

.•driver. 

i  The  long  distance  van  driver  was  grow- 
ing a  little  road- weary,  so  he  pulled  the  unit 
safely  oflE  onto  the  shoulder  of  a  pleasant 
stretch  of  Veiniont  country  road.  Lighting 
up  a  fag,  he  gazed  aromid  about  him  and 
saw  a  farmer  over  in  a  field  removing  rocks. 

Thinking  to  have  a  little  fun,  he  stepped 
rrom  his  cab,  walked  over  to  the  fence  and 


said:  "Nice  crop  of  rocks  you  raised  here, 
Hiram.    Where  did  they  come  from?" 

"Glacier  brought  'em,"  grunted  the  farmer 
without  even  turning. 

"Oh,  the  glacier,  eh?"  the  van  driver 
teased.    "Where's  the  glacier,  now?" 

"Well,  if  you're  really  interested,  sonny," 
snapped  tlie  farmer,  "I'll  tell  you.  It's  gone 
back  after  more  rocks." 

*  *      • 

PAUP  ON  ECONOMICS 

Prices  have  started  spiraling  upward 
again,  but  Joe  Paup,  the  George  Bernard 
Shaw  of  the  Skidroad,  is  not  worried. 

"It's  easy  to  get  along  on  a  modest  in- 
come," says  Joe,  "so  long  as  you  don't  spend 
too  much  trying  to  keep  it  a  secret  from  the 
neighbors." 

•  •      * 

COULD  BE 

A  recent  survey  indicates  that  the  nation— 
particularly  in  the  riural  areas— is  alarmingly 
short  of  qualified  doctors.  Strenuous  work- 
ing conditions,  vast  amount  of  training  re- 
quired, and  exceptionally  heavy  cost  of  ac- 
quiring a  medical  degree  are  given  as  rea- 
sons for  the  existing  scarcity  of  doctors. 

Maybe  tliere  is  anotlier  reason;  maybe 
some  of  them  get  more  money  for  endorsing 
cigarettes  than  they  could  make  practicing 
medicine. 


*My  boss  presented  it  to  me  as  a 
ward  for  i^  joinwig  the  ■nieiL'' 


18 


360  Per  Cent  In  15  Years 


Nr  ORTHWESTERN  Council  Lumber  and  Sawmill  \\'orkers,   speaking 
for  the  vast  bulk  of  the  Douglas  Fir  belt  emplo\-es.  late  last  month 
—  announced  it  has  reached  a  proposed  settlement  with  a  large  part  of 

the  Douglas  Fir  area  for  an  across  the  board  wage  increase  of  10/2  cents  an 
hour,  retroactive  to  May  1,  1950,  according  to  Kenneth  Da\ds,  Executive 
Secretary. 

The  proposed  settlement  establishes  a  minimum  of  81.55)2  within  the 
industry,  up  from  S1.45,  the  previous  scale.  All  wages  will  be  increased 
accordingly.  Executive  Committee  of  the  Council  is  recommending  to  all 
Local   Unions    and   District   Councils 


that  if  any  emplo>er  in  the  North- 
west lumber  industr}-  refuses  to  grant 
the  lOM  cents  increase  retroactive  to 
May  1,  "With  absoluteh'  no  strings 
attached,"  that  strike  action  be  taken. 

The  recommended  agreement 
covers  approximately  22,000  workers 
in  the  Douglas  Fir  belt. 

The  Brotherhood  Lumber  Worker 
negotiators  rejected  all  offers  of  wage 
increases  which  would  be  deducted 
by  the  employer  to  be  turned  over 
to  insurance  companies  for  welfare 
benefits,  it  was  announced.  This  was 
done,  it  was  explained,  because  such 
deductions  would  increase  income  tax 
and  other  withholdings,  an  increase 
which  the  emplo\'es  would  never  re- 
ceive, causing  an  actual  wage  reduc- 
tion and  "because  it  would  place  the 
entire  obligation  of  establishing  a  wel- 
fare program  on  the  union  and  em- 
ployes only." 

The  Northwestern  Council  an- 
nouncement said  that  Brotherhood 
and  Sawmill  Workers  also  rejected 
all  other  settlements  oflFered  in  lieu 
of  wage  increases  because  there  were 


strings  attached  that  would  make  the 
value  of  such  offers,  including  paid 
holidays,  more  favorable  to  emploj-ers 
than  to  the  workers. 

"The  Council  did  not  agree  to  with- 
hold any  further  demands  for  pen- 
sions for  any  period  of  time,  and  in- 
tends to  make  further  studies  along 
this  line,"  according  to  Kenneth  Davis, 
Executive  Secretary.  "We  still  believe 
a  pension  in  which  the  emplo\"er  is 
obligated  is  a  definite  benefit  to  th| 
industry." 

"This  establishes  81.55)2  per  hoi 
as  the  minimum  in  Western  WasW, 
ington  and  Oregon  or  812.44  -pei  day.| 
The  average  for  industr}^  now  is  Sll 
per  hour  or  814.80  per  day.  Not  bad! 
when  )ou  consider  it  was  8  .42M  mini-^ 
mum  in  large  operations  and  less  m\ 
others  when  we  joined  the  Brother- 
hood in  1935,  an  increase  in  15  years! 
of  $1.13  per  hour,  plus  paid  vacation,! 
overtime,  improved  conditions,  restj 
periods,  seniority,  safet}'  programs,' 
and  job  security— all  this  in  spite  ofl 
a  dual  movement  within  our  industr}''! 
called  the  C.I.O.  which  is  still  largely! 
controlled  by  fellow  travelers  here  in| 
the  Northwest." 


19 


■-Because-- 

The  following  piece  was  written  by  Richard  S.  Kaplan,  historian  and 
service  officer  of  Gary  (Indiana)  Memorial  Post  17,  American  Legion.  It  ap- 
peared in  the  March  issue  of  "Hoosier  Legionnaire."  No  one  can  read  it 
without  realizing  what  a  privilege  it  is  to  be  an  American. 

*        *        * 

DAY  BY  DAY,  my  heart  has  been  growing  heavier  and  heavier,  and 
inside  of  me  I've  been  getting  sicker  and  sicker.  Reading  the  audaci- 
ous boasts  and  pledges  of  the  leaders  of  the  Communist  Party  in  the 
United  States,  most  of  whom  are  now  on  trial  before  Judge  Medina,  that  in 
the  event  of  a  war  between  the  United  States  and  Russia,  they  will  support 
and  aid  Russia,  simply  nauseates  me.      

How  in  the  name  of  heaven  can  one 
possessing  the  brain  of  an  ant  live  in 
these  United  States  and  support  the 
ideologies  of  communistic  Russia?  As 
a  democracy,  why  should  we  continue 
to  harbor,  protect  and  tolerate  these 
disloyal  creatures? 

Why  do  I  feel  so  bitter  about  these 
men  and  all  their  ilk?  Because  I  love 
America  .  .  .  love  these  United  States 
with  all  my  heart  and  with  all  my 
soul.  Why  do  I  love  my  country  as 
I  do? 

BECAUSE  ...  My  father  (God  rest 
his  soul)  came  here  from  Russia  as  a 
young  man,  fleeing  from  persecution 
and  Czarism.  He  had  nothing  but  his 
hands,  his  mind,  and  a  will  to  learn 
and  work.    He  found  both  here. 

Attending  night  school  (at  no  cost 
to  him)  he  learned  the  English  lan- 
guage and  the  history  of  this  country. 
He  was  given  the  chance  to  earn  his 
living  without  let  or  hindrance,  the 
whole  world  before  him,  handicapped 
by  nothing  and  no  one  other  than  his 
own  will  and  ability. 

BECAUSE  .  .  .  Given  the  chance, 
my  father  was  able  to  own  his  own 
little  business,  practice  his  religion  in 


his  own  temple,  and  raise  four  chil- 
dren to  manhood  and  womanhood. 

BECAUSE  .  .  .  Those  four  children 
were  given  a  free  education,  a  chance 
to  obtain  college  educations,  a  chance 
to  travel  and  know  this  country. 

BECAUSE  ...  All  through  our 
lives  we  went  to  bed  at  night  safe  and 
secure  in  the  knowledge  that  police 
were  in  the  streets,  not  to  knock  at 
our  doors,  not  to  search  our  homes  or 
to  grab  any  of  us  and  throw  us,  willy- 
nilly,  into  a  dungeon-BUT  TO  PRO- 
TECT US  AGAINST  EVILDOERS. 
Asleep  or  awake,  each  of  us  KNEW 
that  the  power  of  our  town,  our 
county,  state  and  nation  was  behind 
us,  watching  over  us,  protecting  us 
like  a  loving  mother  ready  to  spring 
at  the  throat  of  any  who  would  harm 
us  and  to  avenge  an  injury  to  us 
through  its  police  and  courts. 

BECAUSE  ...  In  spite  of  my  re- 
ligion (or  because  of  it),  I  was  able  to 
achieve  an  honored  profession  and, 
like  my  parents,  bring  my  daughter 
and  grandchild  into  this  world  blessed 
and  protected  by  this  same  country. 

BECAUSE  .  .  .  When  my  father-an 
orthodox  Jew-died  in  AUsten,  Mass., 
he  was  carried  to  his  grave  by  ten 


20 


THE    CARPENTER 


pallbearers  .  .  .  police  ofiBcer  friends 
of  his  in  life  .  .  .  ALL  RO^L\X 
CATHOLICS,  come  to  say  their  last 
farewells  to  their  friend, 

BECAL'SE  ...  I  was  gi\-en  an  op- 
portunit}"  to  ser\'e  ni}'  country  in  time 
of  peace  and  in  the  .Irrned  Forces  in 
time  of  war.  not  because  I  was  forced 
to  do  so.  but  because  I  wanted  to 
do  so, 

BECAL'SE  .  .  .  Xone  of  the  events 
and  conditions  abo^'e  presented  could 
have  occurred  in  Communist  Russia. 
where  the  indi\'idual  is  but  a  grain  of 
sand  to  be  blown  hither  and  \"on  by 
the  faintest  breath  of  the  Politburo 
and  its  stooges,  where  the  STATE  is 
God  and  all,  and  where  the  individual 
is  but  a  ser\-ant  of  the  STATE.  Be- 
cause .  .  .  commmiism  is  the  drug  that 
destro}'s  the  ver>'  soul  of  men,  dwarfs 
the  mind  of  man,  and  leaves  him  a 
pliable  tool. 

BECAL'SE  .  .  .  Having;  knowm 
FREEDOM  ah  my  life,  I  tr'easure  it 
.  .  .  and  FREEDOM  is  an  unkno\^Ti 
thing  in  communistic  Russia,  or  an\' 
countr}"  dominated  by  communism. 
An\"thing  ...  or  anyone  who  would 
take  away  my  freedom  .  .  .  freedom 
of  thought  .  .  .  freedom  of  worship 
.  .  .  freedom  of  expression  .  .  .  free- 
dom to  Ih'e  m}'  life  as  I  \\'ish  to  li\"e 
it  so  long  as  I  do  not  hiui:  my  feUow- 
man  ,  .  ,  I  repeat  .  .  .  anything;  that 
would  destrov  that  freedom.  I  HATE 
\ATTH  ALL  THE  HATRED  IX  MY 
HEART. 

BECAL'SE  .  .  .  Communism,  evil 
thing   that  it   is,    wilL   if   allowed   to 


spread  and  grow  in  this  countn',  de- 
stro}'  the  breath  of  life  as  we  .Ameri- 
cans know  it.  And  though  the  stooge 
leaders  of  communism  in  this  coun- 
tr\-  don't  realize  it,  they.  too.  will  be 
destroyed,  for  they  will  outli\"e  their 
usefulness  to  the  communistic  state. 
and  communism  has  alwa>"s  preached 
that  that  which  is  not  useful  to  the 
State  MUST  be  destroyed. 

If  m\"  father  were  alive  today  he 
would  sa\',  as  he  said  100  times  over 
in  his  life' "THERE  IS  XO  GREATER 

or  better  couxtry  ix  all 
the  world  th.\x  the  uxited 
states,  i  kxow;  you  who 
\at:re  borx  hepuE  doxt  .ap- 
preciate A  GOOD  COUXTRY. 
LVE  SEEX  THE  SLEET  AXD  THE 
STORM  .\XD  THE  KlIX.  I  C.\X 
-\PPRECIATE  THE  SUXSHIXE  .  .  . 
REPRESEXTED  BY  THE  UXITED 
STATES.'-' 

Let  us  all  sa}'  arnen  to  his  words. 

To  those  who  prate  of  their  love 
for  communism,  all  I  can  say  is,  '1 
pit)'  }"0u,  Ma\'  I.  however,  suggest 
that  we  in  the  United  States  can 
spare  your  presence  here.  Go  .  .  . 
join  the  countr."  }'ou  lo\'e  so  much 
,  .  .  practice  \'our  communistic  ide- 
ology there.  ^"\'e  want  no  part  of  it 
here. 

I  lo^"e  rm" 

I  HATE 
MUXISM   . 
BROUGHT 


countr}", 

.  .  AXD  FEAR  COM- 
.  ,  BECAUSE  IT  HAS 
FEAR  WHERE    OXLY 


LOVE   EXISTED  BEFORE, 


QUESTION  OF  PATRIOTISM 

The  "\^'all  Street  Journal"  is  not  likeh'  to  question  the  patriotism  of  Big  Biisiness,  but  it 
reports  this  strange  situation: 

An  increasing  number  of  large  British  companies  are  lea\'ing  England  and  incorporating 
in  Argentina,  South  Africa,  and  other  countries.  By  doing  this  the  companies  avoid  pa>ing 
British  taxes  on  their  profits. 

Strange  still,  the  "Journal"  says  "American  banking  houses  are  insisting"  that  a  big 
mining  company  move  its  oflSce  from  London  to  .Africa,  to  avoid  taxes.  Otherwise,  the 
American  bankers  will  refuse  to  bu>-  shares  in  the  company. 

Through  the  Marshall  plan  and  otherwise.  Uncle  Sam  is  pro%iding  dollars  to  help 
England  get  back  on  her  feet.  Is  it  patriotic  for  ".American  banking  houses"  to  '"insist"  on 
something  that  makes  British  recover.-  more  difficult? 


21 


The  Way  To  Better  Schools 

*  *  * 

ACCORDING  to  a  recent  survey,  the  United  States  needs  at  least  ten 
billion  dollars  worth  of  elementary  and  high  school  construction  dur- 
ing the  next  few  years  to  take  care  of  the  growing  crop  of  youngsters. 
This  would  merely  put  our  school  system  in  shape  to  take  care  of  our  bumper 
crop  of  youngsters  in  something  like  adequate  standards.  In  addition  thou- 
sands upon  thousands  of  youngsters  attend  school  in  buildings  which  are 
obsolete,  unsanitary  and  downright  dangerous.  Added  together,  this  means 
that  hundreds  of  new  schools  must  be  built  annually  during  the  next  decade. 
Our  elementary  and  high  school  students  now  number  something  like  twenty- 
five  million.  By  1960  that  figure  is  expected  to  climb  to  better  than  thirty- 
four  million. 

The  job  of  getting  our  youngsters  housed  in  decent  schoolrooms  is  going 
to  be  no  easy  one.  There  is  hardly  a  community  existing  in  the  United  States 
today  which  is  not  already  heavily  burdened  with  a  tax  load  of  sizeable 
proporations  owing  to  the  inflationary  spiral  of  the  last  decade.  With  Federal 
taxes  constituting  an  increasingly  heavy  drain  on  the  earnings  of  all  individ- 
uals additional  school  revenues  are  not  easy  to  raise. 

In  the  broadest  sense  the  quality  of  education  obtainable  in  our  school 
buildings  is  related  only  remotely,  if  at  all,  to  the  cost  of  the  buildings.  But 
the  cost  of  the  buildings  must  be  related  to  tlie  ability  of  the  taxpayer  to 
pay  for  them. . 

The  first  necessity  in  planning  a  school  building  is  to  accommodate  the 
expected  school  population,  the  second  is  to  stay  within  a  budget  which  will 
not  impose  an  unbearable  burden  on  the  taxpayer. 

On  the  average,  about  80%  of  the  cost  of  a  school  "plant"  goes  into 
foundations  and  superstructure  of  the  buildings,  as  distinguished  from 
grounds,  lighting  and  heating,  landscaping  and  other  facilities. 

Building  costs  consequently  require  a  large  portion  of  the  tax  dollar,  and 
therefore,  methods  of  holding  down  building  costs  are  of  major  concern. 
Two  important  means  of  minimizing  building  costs  are:  (1)  use  of  the  most 
modern  methods  of  design  and  construction,  (2)  use  of  the  most  economical 
materials  of  construction. 

The  period  following  World  War  I  will  likely  be  marked  in  the  field 
of  architectLue  as  the  age  of  monumental  schools  and  tall  apartment  build- 
ings. Similarly  the  postwar  period  we  are  now  in  may  well  be  designated 
as  the  down-to-earth  period  of  one  story  schools  and  suburban  single  family 
dwellings. 

Architects,  school  boards  and  taxpayers  throughout  the  country  are 
tending  rapidly  toward  the  one  story  school  because: 

1.     Direct  exits  from  each  classroom  provide  for  maximum  safety. 


22 


THE    CARPENTER 


2.  With  smaller  schools,  the  smaller  ground  sites  are  easier  to  ob- 
tain 

3.  Better  class  and  community  facilities  are  provided. 

4.  Mobile  type  of  structures  may  be  provided  with  ease  of  addi- 
tion and  subtraction  as  needs  grow  and  decline. 

5.  Sound,  versatile  wood  frame  construction  provides  economical 
costs. 

California  has  long  recognized  the  advantages  of  the  one  story  school 
building  constructed  of  wood.  The  state  is  noted  for  its  progressive  and  up- 
to-date  school  system.  Fine,  modem,  low-cost  school  buildings  dot  the  state 
from  border  to  border.  By  utilizing  the  great  advantages  which  have  been 
made  in  timber  engineering,  these  schools  have  been  built  at  a  minimum 
cost  to  the  taxpayers.  School  construction  costs  have  been  cut  almost  a 
third  in  some  instances  through  the  use  of  modem  wood  construction. 

If  the  last  ten  years  taught  us  anything,  it  is  that  school  plants  ought 
to  be  as  flexible  as  possible.  Not  only  does  the  national  birth  rate  fluctuate 
widely  decade  by  decade,  but  population  shifts  also  greatly  affect  tlie  school 
load  in  any  given  area  from  year  to  year.  A  school  plant  capable  of  ser\ang 
the  needs  of  the  community  in  which  it  is  located  ought  to  be  flexible.  On 
this  score,  nothing  can  take  the  place  of  wood  construction.  This  is  another 
reason  why  so  many  of  California's  newest  schools  are  constructed  of  wood. 

Laminated  arches,  ring  binders,  and  other  advances  in  timber  engin- 
eering have  made  possible  the  construction  of  large,  unsupported  areas  which 
gymnasiums  and  assembly  halls  require.  Technology  has  also  greatly  in- 
creased the  safety  factors  in  wood  construction,  so  that  practically  any  and 
all  of  the  questionable  features  of  wood  construction  have  long  since  been 
eliminated.  Whether  safety,  beauty,  or  flexibility  is  the  yardstick,  wood  con- 
struction can  more  than  hold  its  own.  In  the  area  of  construction  costs,  it 
stands  alone,  as  the  following  table  indicates: 

,  TABLE  I\'-Building  \'aIuations* 


Cost  per 

Occupancy  Group 

Type  of  Construction 

Sq.  Ft. 
July  1949 

Groups  A,  B  and  C— Public  Assembly 

Type 

I— Concrete  or  Steel 

$13.90 

including  schools. 

Type 

H— Wood  and  Masonry 

8.20 

Type 

I— Concrete  or  Steel 

15.30 

Group  D— Hospitals,  Jails,  etc. 

Type 

V— Wood  Frame 

6.45 

Groups  E,  F,  G— Retail  stores,  public 

Type 

I— Concrete  &  Steel 

6.40 

garages,     warehouses,     industrial 

Type 

HI- Wood  &  iMasonr^' 

4.50 

buildings,  office  buildings. 

Type 

W— Steel  frame— unplastered 

3.95 

Type 

IV— Steel  frame— plastered 

4.30 

Type 

V— Wood  Frame 

3.25 

Group  H— Hotels  &  Apartment  Houses 

Type 

I— Concrete  or  Steel 

11.75 

Type 

IH— Wood  &  Masonry 

7.60 

T^'pe 

V— Wood  Frame 

5.45 

Group  I— Dwellings. 

Type 

IH-Concrete   Block 

7.35 

Type 

V— Wood  Frame  Siding 

6.50 

Type 

V— Stucco 

6.90 

Type 

V-Brick 

9.30 

^Territorial  modifications  vary  from  plus  14%  in  the  Eastern  Indiistrial  Area  to  0%  for 
Southern  California  and  minus  6%  for  the  Southern  States.  Data  was  obtained  from 
Marshall  and  Stephens,  valuation  engineers. 


THE    CARPENTER  23 

Come  what  may,  children  in  every  area  of  the  United  States  must  be  given 
an  opportunity  to  get  a  decent  education  in  a  safe  and  comfortable  school 
building.  Needed  dollars  to  provide  such  school  houses  will  not  be  easy  to 
raise.  But  the  economies  inherent  in  modern,  one-story  school  construction 
may  point  to  the  answer.  Every  community  considering  the  construction  of  a 
new  school  building  ought  to  look  carefully  into  the  money-saving  possibilities 
of  wood  construction. 


KODIAK  HONORS  RETIRING  OFFICER 

At  tlie  March  17tla  meeting  of  Local  Union  No.  2162,  Kodiak,  Alaska,  the  body  pre- 
sented its  retiring  financial  secretary.  Brother  Charles  Skinner,  with  a  suitably  engraved 
gold  watch  as  a  slight  token  of  the  great  esteem  in  which  he  is  held  by  all  members.  Brotlier 
Skinner  filled  the  office  of  financial  secretary  for  twelve  consecutive  years  in  a  manner  that 
evoked  nothing  but  the  highest  praise  from  all  who  had  dealings  with  him.  Mixing  kind- 
ness and  consideration  with  efficiency,  he  kept  things  moving  smoothly  without  resorting 
to  harsh  words,  tlireats  or  bulldozing. 

The  great  influx  of  construction  workers  dming  the  war  made  his  Job  a  particularly 
arduous  one  during  much  of  his  term  in  office.  But  Brother  Skinner  never  allowed  the  great 
rush  of  work  to  get  him  down  or  to  keep  him  from  giving  a  courteous  answer  to  a  decent 
question.  In  addition  to  his  work-schedule  as  financial  secretary  of  Local  No.  2162,  Brother 
Skinner  also  found  time  to  capably  fill  the  office  of  vice-president  of  the  Alaska  Federation  of 
Labor.    The  union  is  proud  of  the  fine  record  he  made  in  the  latter  capacity. 

The  resignation  of  Brother  Skinner  was  accepted  with  great  regret  and  the  good  wishes 
of  his  union  brothers  go  with  him  wherever  he  may  go  and  whatever  new  pursuits  he  may 
take  up. 


LOCAL  No.  1312  HONORS  OLD  TIMERS 

Local  Union  No.  1312,  New  Orleans,  is  justly  proud  of  its  fine  roster  of  old  time  mem- 
bers. Recently  the  union  sponsored  a  party  and  dance  to  pay  tribute  to  its  long  time  mem- 
bers who  contributed  so  much  to  the  advancements  which  have  been  made  in  wages  and 
working  conditions  Particulary  honored  was  Brother  John  L.  Hubert  a  pensioned  member 
now  eighty  years  old.  Brother  Hubert  has  been  a  member  in  good  standing  continuously 
since  1903.  Through  the  years  he  has  been  a  staunch  and  unselfish  member,  always  batt- 
ling for  the  betterment  of  the  lot  of  his  fellow  workers. 

Away  back  at  the  turn  of  the  century.  Brother  Hubert  was  being  paid  the  munificent 
svim  of  $1.75  per  week  for  running  a  shaper  ten  hours  a  day,  seven  days  a  week.  When 
he  asked  for  a  slight  increase  in  pay  he  was  fired.  This  caused  him  to  do  some  serious 
tliinking,  and  the  conclusion  he  came  to  was  that  the  employer  could  not  fire  his  whole 
crew  if  they  all  asked  for  an  increase  at  the  same  time.  He  began  preaching  this  gospel 
to  his  fellow  workers  and  presently  enough  of  them  were  convinced  that  a  charter  in  tlie 
United  Brotherhood  could  be  applied  for.  Thus  old  Local  Union  No.  732  was  bom. 

After  a  time  and  against  the  advice  of  Brother  Hubert  the  union  went  on  strike.  Times 
being  exceedingly  hard,  the  strike  failed  and  the  union  fell  by  the  wayside.  Brodier  Hubert 
transferred  to  Local  Union  No.  76.  But  this  union  too  went  out  of  existence.  Shortly  after, 
Brother  Hubert  became  a  charter  member  of  Millmen's  Local  Union  No.  1312. 

Following  World  War  I,  hard  times  again  plagued  the  area.  Like  many  otlier  unions, 
Local  1312  found  the  going  hard.  But  Brother  Hubert  never  stopped  fighting  for  die 
preservation  of  his  union.  He  made  many  personal  sacrifices  to  keep  tlie  union  in  existence. 
At  one  time  he  even  donated  a  chest  of  tools  to  be  raffled  off  to  help  less  fortunate  brothers. 
It  was  nip  and  tuck  for  some  time,  but  the  union  weadiered  the  storm  because  men  hke 
Brodier  Hubert  were  backing  it  with  everything  they  had.  The  decent  wages  and  working 
conditions  of  today  were  made  possible  by  the  sacrifices  of  old  timers  such  as  Brodier 
Hubert. 

Over  eighty  years  old  today.  Brother  Hubert  is  still  actively  interested  in  the  welfare 
o£  his  union. 


Editorial 


Conditions  on  Overseas  Construction 

Reliable  reports  indicate  that  there  are  at  present  from  180,000  to  185,000 
building  tradesmen  now  employed  by  private  contractors  on  overseas  jobs. 
Much  of  this  work  is  being  done  with  Federal  funds,  yet  the  situation  in  which 
these  men  find  themselves  is  comparable  to  that  which  existed  a  century  or 
more  ago,  before  workers  had  organized  and  gained  the  right  to  protect  their 
working  conditions  through  concerted  action. 

Analysis  of  a  contract  entered  into  between  the  contractor  on  a  Navy  job 
in  Africa  and  the  men  he  hired  to  do  the  work  indicates  what  these  overseas 
workers  are  up  against.  The  contract  stipulates  that  the  employe  may  not 
legally  terminate  the  contract  for  12  months,  for  any  reason.  He  literally  con- 
tracts himself  into  servitude  for  12  month.  He  can,  however,  be  discharged 
at  any  time,  either  with  or  without  cause.  If  he  does  quit  before  he  has 
worked  for  a  year,  he  loses  all  his  rights  under  the  contract.  After  one  year 
the  employe  may  give  notice  to  the  employer,  in  writing,  that  he  wants  to 
end  his  employment. 

Not  only  is  there  not  included  in  the  contract  a  limitation  upon  the  hours 
of  work,  but  one  provision  of  the  contract  which  the  employe  is  required  to 
sign  says  that  "The  employe  agrees  to  work  whatever  hours  are  required  for 
the  performance  of  his  work  and  position,  it  being  understood  that  no  over- 
time will  be  paid  under  any  circumstances."  Cases  have  been  reported  in 
which  building  tradesmen  have  been  forced  to  work  as  long  as  84  hours  a 
week,  without  overtime  payment. 

In-order  to  enforce  the  provisions  of  the  contract,  the  employer  is  entitled 
to  withhold  from  each  man's  pay  an  amount  equal  to  one-quarter  of  the  man's 
gross  weekly  pay,  until  the  sum  of  $400  has  been  withheld.  If  the  employe  is 
either  discharged  or  quits,  the  contractor  deducts  from  this  sum  the  cost  of 
transportation,  food,  and  other  expenses  necessary  to  ship  the  man  back  to  an 
agreed-upon  place,  usually  the  place  of  hire.  In  addition,  the  contractor  may 
withhold  payment  of  all  wages  or  salary  due  the  man  who  quits  or  is  dis- 
charged until  he  has  reached  the  point  of  return.  At  that  time  the  man  is 
supposed  to  be  paid  anything  left  over  in  the  fund  held  by  the  contractor. 

The  employe  must  also  agree,  in  the  contract,  not  to  sue  the  employer  for 
any  reason.  This  leaves  the  employer  free  to  do  as  he  pleases  and  if  he 
chooses  he  may  charge  the  employe  with  having  breached  the  contract  and 
thus  relieve  himself  of  the  responsibility  of  paying  transportation  and  other 
costs  in  retLirning  the  worker  to  the  place  of  hire.  A  contract  of  this  kind 
invites  such  abuses,  since  it  take  away  from  the  worker  any  right  of  redress. 
Men  who  fall  sick  have  been  forced  to  pay  their  own  way  home;  men  who 
complained  about  the  insanitary  living  conditions  provided  for  them,  or  the 
bad  food  supplied,  have  been  discharged  and  forced  to  get  home  at  their  own 
expense.   Other  men,  when  the  job  was  nearing  completion,  were  discharged 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

by  the  contractor  upon  one  excuse  or  another,  and  the  contractor  was  thus 

relie\'ed  of  the  necessity  of  paymg  return  transportation. 

Many  of  the  contractors  who  do  work  outside  the  continental  United 
States  employ  only  union  building  tradesmen  in  their  work  in  the  United 
States.  When  they  do  foreign  work,  howe\'er,  they  employ  their  labor  through 
private  employment  agencies  and  it  is  customary  for  the  men  hired  to  pay 
such  private  agencies  5  per  cent  of  their  annual  wage  for  referral  to  jobs. 

These  thousands  of  men  who  are  willing  to  go  outside  the  country  for  work 
on  necessary  construction  projects  are  in  need  of  protection  from  their  unions. 
The  difficulty  is  to  find  a  means  by  which  such  protection  can  be  given. 
Ob\iously  it  is  not  possible  for  a  union  to  investigate  individual  complaints  of 
its  members  who  may  be  at  work  on  such  projects.  It  does  seem  possible, 
however,  to  improve  the  hiring  practices  for  such  work  and  to  secure  a  more 
equitable  contract.  The  situation  is  most  certainly  one  which  requires  our 
careful  thought  and  study.— B.T.D. 


"Statisticalitis"  is  a  Dangerous  Disease 

In  the  last  t\vo  issues,  we  have  published  pro  and  con  arguments  regard- 
ing EGA  Administration  Hoffman's  proposal  to  lower  the  tariff  bars  on 
foreign-made  goods  as  a  means  of  helping  to  rehabilitate  Europe.  These 
articles  were  written  by  supposed  experts  in  the  field.  In  their  o\\ti  wa>',  each 
of  them  made  a  good  case.  It  may  be  presumptions  of  a  wood  butcher  to 
voice  an  opinion  on  the  matter  but  so  much  is  at  stake  that  not  to  comment 
would  constitute  an  evasion  of  a  responsibility. 

Hoffman  claims  that  a  sizeable  increase  in  imports  would  not  harm 
American  industry.  On  the  other  hand,  he  seems  to  lack  conviction  in  his 
own  arguments  because  he  winds  up  by  saying  that  men  thrown  out  of  work 
by  imported  goods  could  be  retained  in  other  lines  of  work  much  as  was 
done  during  the  war.  Frankly,  we  think  Hoffman  is  way  off  base.  Imports 
do  not  have  to  be  substantial  to  hurt.  To  simplffy  the  problem,  if  there  are 
a  hundred  pair  of  shoes  and  a  hundred  buyers,  everyone  stays  reasonably 
happy.  But  let  somebody  else  come  up  with  another  pair,  and  what  happens? 
The  buyers  start  working  the  sellers  against  one  another  until  the  weakest 
seller  is  eliminated.  We  all  saw  the  reverse  work  out  dru-ing  the  war.  Then 
there  were  more  buyers  than  sellers.  If  there  were  a  hundred  car  buyers  in  a 
town  and  only  ninety-nine  cars  for  sale,  the  buyers  bid  against  each  other 
and  the  fellow  with  the  least  money  ended  up  without  a  car.  In  view  of  this 
simple  fact  Hoffman's  argument  that  a  slight  increase  in  imports  wiU  not 
hurt  the  economy  hardly  seems  valid.  It  takes  only  a  slight  shortage  or 
surplus  to  create  havoc  in  an  industry.  In  fact,  he  must  realize  as  much 
othervvise  he  would  not  be  suggesting  new  training  for  victims  of  his  scheme. 

Hoffman  is  undoubtedly  a  brilliant  man;  other\\dse  he  would  not  be 
able  to  hold  down  the  many  important  jobs  that  come  his  way.  However, 
like  many  important  men  in  both  government  and  industry,  he  possibly 
suffers  from  what  we  call  "statisticalitis".  This  is  a  disease  peculiar  to  indi- 
\dduals  with  great  authority  over  the  fortunes  and  welfare  of  large  numbers 
of  human  beings.  Its  chief  symptom  is  a  tendancy  to  reduce  everthing  to 
statistics.    To  victims  of  statisticalitis,  unemployment  does  not  mean  hungry 


26  THECARPEXTER 

kids,  worried  wives  and  discouraged  men;  rather  it  means  such  and  such 
a  percentage  of  unemployed  as  compared  to  such  and  such  a  percentage 
last  month  or  last  year  or  ten  years  ago.  All  human  values  statisticalites  can 
reduce  to  percentages  or  charts  or  graphs.  The  suffering  and  misery  and 
privation  that  accrue  to  individuals  are  lost  in  the  mathematical  maze  they 
work  out  to  show  this  or  that  result  in  terms  of  percentages  or  comparative 
tables. 

The  plain  facts  of  the  case  are  that  Hoffman's  proposal  to  retrain  men 
forced  into  idleness  by  increased  imports  is  no  good.  There  may  be  some 
merit  to  taxing  American  workers  to  provide  dollars  to  European  nations 
so  that  they  can  purchase  the  things  they  need,  but  we  can  certainly  see 
none  is  turning  over  American  jobs  to  European  workers.  In  the  first  place, 
almost  all  European  nations  have  already  achieved  production  peaks  equal 
to  or  considerably  above  those  prevailing  before  the  war.  This  was  accom- 
plished through  the  help  of  American  dollars  extracted  from  the  pay  enve- 
lopes of  American  workers.  If  we  had  any  obligation,  it  was  to  put  our  allies 
into  as  good  shape  as  they  were  in  before  the  war.  Now  that  has  been 
achieved,  it  is  time  to  start  thinking  of  our  own  welfare.  A  reduction  in 
foreign  aid  appropriations  would  mean  a  reduction  in  taxes,  and  a  reduc- 
tion in  taxes  would  give  American  workers  more  purchasing  power  with 
which  to  buy  foreign  goods  as  well  as  to  take  up  any  slack  that  developed 
from  a  shrinkage  of  sales  abroad.  This  angle  of  the  situation  has  never 
been  mentioned. 

Talk  of  retraining  men  made  idle  by  imports  is  sheer  nonsense.  What 
about  men  in  their  fifties  and  early  sixties.  Could  they  be  trained  to  do 
new  t}-pes  of  work?  We  hardly  think  so.  How  many  such  men,  too  old  to 
hire  and  too  young  to  die,  would  be  doomed  to  waste  away  the  best  years 
of  their  lives  in  enforced  idleness  and  misery?  In  statistical  charts  it  might 
not  appear  to  be  much  more  than  a  small  fraction  of  one  per  cent  of  our 
working  force,  but  interpreted  in  terms  of  human  misery  and  privation,  the 
cost  to  unfortunate  individuals  can  be  appalling.  But  even  to  younger  men 
unemployment  is  no  picnic.  Retraining  may  sound  simple  in  statistics,  but 
to  men  whose  roots  are  tied  deep  to  a  community,  who  have  a  house  haff- 
paid  for,  whose  kids  are  established  in  a  school,  it  can  be  sheer  tragedy. 

But  even  aside  from  these  humane  considerations,  the  proposal  to  yield 
American  jobs  to  European  workmen  is  unsound.  It  can  mean  permanent 
damage  to  our  economy,  as  witness  the  following  observ^ations  which  ap- 
peared in  a  recent  issue  of  the  Indianapohs  Times: 

Malaya  is  a  case  in  point.  This  year  25  to  30  per  cent  of 
Malaya's  total  export  production  is  expected  to  come  to  the 
United  States.  But  imports  from  the  United  States  are  to  he 
shaved  to  less  tlian  4  per  cent  of  the  goods  Malaya  must  buy. 
We  submit  that  is  making  too  much  of  a  good  thing. 

In  1947,  our  exports  to  Malaya  were  worth  almost  $175 
million.  The  figure  dropped  to  $71  million  in  1948,  and  to  $39 
million  in  1949.  Import  restrictions,  now  reported  to  be  planned, 
will  cut  the  total  well  below  $35  million. 

In  the  pre-war  period  Britain's  empire  preference  policy 
barred  most  of  our  goods  from  the  empire  market,  and  Britain 


THE    CARPENTER  27 

seems  to  be  reverting  to  that  policy  under  the  guise  of  a  tempo- 
rary relief  measure.   But  isn't  such  a  policy,  once  re-established, 
likely  to  become  permanent? 

In  a  nutshell,  these  are  the  reasons  why  we  look  askance  at  Hoffman's 
proposal  to  step  up  imports  of  European  goods.  Hoffman  insists  that  import 
increases  will  be  limited,  but,  as  we  have  tried  to  point  out,  imports  do  not 
have  to  be  substantial  to  hurt.  If  it  takes  more  American  dollars  to  keep 
anti-communist  Europe  going,  let  us  keep  supplying  them  even  if  it  hurts. 
But  thumbs  down  to  any  proposal  to  give  our  jobs  as  well  as  our  dollars 
to  rebuild  Europe.  After  all,  the  chief  hope  of  stopping  communism  rests 
in  maintaining  a  strong,  prosperous  America.  The  anti-communist  cause 
cannot  be  furthered  by  weakening  the  main  bulwark  against  it. 


What  Real  Unionism  Can  Do 

Elsewhere  in  this  issue  is  a  story  announcing  a  new  increase  of  ten  and  a 
half  cents  an  hour  for  the  United  Brotherhood  lumber  workers  in  the  Douglas 
Fir  Belt  of  Oregon  and  Washington.  This  new  increase  brings  to  $1.13  cents 
an  hour  the  wage  increases  these  workers  have  secured  for  themselves  since 
becoming  a  part  of  the  United  Brotherhood  only  fifteen  years  ago.  However, 
decent  wages  are  only  a  small  part  of  the  benefits  these  men  have  derived 
from  belonging  to  a  stable  and  progressive  organization.  Paid  vacations,  job 
security,  seniority,  and  rest  periods  are  all  advances  they  have  made  in  an 
industry  which  traditionally  in  the  pre-union  era  showed  its  workers  less 
consideration  than  the  average  farmer  shows  his  work  animals.  If  any  union 
in  any  period  of  history  has  chalked  up  a  more  creditable  record  than  the 
lumber  workers  under  the  United  Brotherhood  banner  it  has  not  come  to  our 
attention. 

Understandably  enough,  the  industry  itself  has  prospered  fully  as  much  as 
the  workers  have.  Never  in  its  history  has  the  industry  been  as  prosperous 
as  it  is  today.  The  cut-throat  competition,  double-dealing  and  underhanded 
tactics  that  characterized  the  industry  a  couple  of  decades  ago  have  given  way 
to  keen  orderly  competition  that  makes  for  stability.  No  longer  are  un- 
scrupulous employers  able  to  undercut  competitors  by  beating  out  of  the  backs 
of  their  workers  special  cost  reductions  through  arbitrary  wage  cuts,  a  pro- 
cedure that  was  all  too  common  whenever  conditions  were  right.  In  few 
industries  is  competition  keener  today  than  it  is  in  the  West  Coast  lumber 
industry,  yet  now  it  is  an  orderly  competition.  And  workers  and  emplojers 
alike  are  benefitting,  thanks  to  the  stabilizing  influence  of  the  union. 

To  both  workers  who  think  they  can  get  along  without  a  union  and  to 
employers  who  spend  large  sums  of  money  and  acquire  stomach  ulcers  try- 
ing to  avoid  unionization  of  their  plants  we  recommend  a  little  study  of  what 
has  been  accomplished  in  the  Northwest  lumber  industry  under  the  banner 
of  the  United  Brotherhood.    Both  could  profit  thereby. 


T  HE    LOCKE R 

To  give  Brother  Hart  a  chance  to  cool  his  brain  cells  for  awhile.  Brotlier  Joseph  K. 
Kohorst  of  Springfield,  111.,  and  Ye  Editor  combine  talents  to  present  the  following  hodge 
podge  of  hard  and  not-so-hard  material.  The  first  questions  are  the  contribution  of  Broth- 
er Kohorst,  while  the  remaining  five  are  the  brain  children  of  Ye  Editor.  The  total  point 
value  is  200.  Anything  over  150  ought  to  be  pure  gra\'y.  Next  month  old  Professor 
Hart  will  be  back  slinging  them   at  you  in  his  iisual  fascinating   and  informative   style. 

Answers  on  Page  29. 

CARPENTRY 

1.  The  plancher  is  part  of  a  stair,  mitre  box,  flooring,  cornice? 10     

2.  What  is  meant  by  the  term   "mitre   angle"? 10     

3.  (a)  What  is   another  term  for   threshold? 5     

(b)  What   is   another   term   for   head   casing? .5     

4.  In  stair  building,  what  is  meant  by  the  term  "half  space"? 10     

BUILDING 

5.  Can  you  name  the   primary   and   secondary   colors? 5     

6.  A  mahl  stick  is  used  by  an  architect,  a  carpet  layer,  a  painter  or  a  welder?_        .5     

7.  A  vernier  is  part  of  a  milling  machine,   an   architect's   le\'el,   or   a  steam 

valve?    10     

8.  Chamfer   strips    are    usually   used   in   form   work,    trimming   windows,    or 
flooring?    5     

9.  Name  the  three  general  methods  by  means  of  which  heat  transfer  can 

be  accomplished. 10     

MATHEMATICS 

10.  (a)  The  square  of  3  plus  the  square  of  4  equals  the  square  of  5.    True  or 

false.    5     

(b)  The  cube  of  3,  plus  the  cube  of  4,  plus  the  cube  of  5  equals  the  cube 

of  6.    True   or  false.    5     

11.  What  number  is  it  which  its  double,  its  half,  and  its  third  are  equal  to 

34?   (Tr>'  yom:   algebra.) 10     

12.  In  the  equation  (Area^Pi  r^)  what  is  the  value  of  Pi? 5     

13.  What  formula  would  you  use  to  find  the  area  of  a  circle? 5     

14.  A  perfect  nvunber  is  one  which  is  equal  to  the  sum  of  its  divisors:  (viz:  1 
plus  2  plus  3  equal  6  and  1,  2,  3,  are  the  divisors  of  6.)  What  are  the  next 

two   perfect   numbers?    15     

BRAIN  TEASER 

15.  Three  cows  eat  in  two  weeks  all  the  grass  on  two  acres  of  land,  together 
\Vith  all  the  grass  which  grows  there  in  two  weeks.  Two  cows  eat  in  four 
weeks  all  the  grass  on  two  acres  of  land,  togetlier  with  all  the  grass  which 
grows  there  in  the  fovir  weeks.  How  many  cows  then  wiU  eat  in  six  weeks 
all  the  grass  on  six  acres  of  land,  togetlier  with  all  the  grass  which  grows 
there  in  the  six  weeks?  It  is  understood  that  the  quantit>'  of  grass  on  each 
acre  is  the  same  when  the  cows  begin  to  graze  and  the  rate  of  growth 

is    uniform.     25     

16.  In  carpentry,  what  is  a  duck?  (P.  S.  It  has  nothing  to  do  with  the  hospital 
version.)     5     

17.  Do  you  know  what  devex  means?   And  no  fair  peeking  at  the  answers 5     

18.  Now  try  yom*  luck  with   "fiUistered   joint."    Would   30U  know   one   if  it 

looked  you  in  the  eye? 10     

19.  If  you  were  working  on  grillage,  would  >'Ou  be  working  on  the  roof,  top 

floor,  or  foundation  of  a  building? 10     

20.  There  is  nothing  to  the  following  little  puzzle.  By  a  little  reasoning  the 
answer  can  be  arrived  at  through  simple  deduction.  A  carpenter  starts 
out  on  a  hxonting  expedition.  He  starts  walking  due  south  from  point  A. 
After  walking  three  miles  due  soudi  to  point  B  he  makes  a  90  degree  turn 
and  walks  three  miles  due  east  to  point  C  where  he  shoots  a  bear.  At  point 
C  he  is  exacdy  as  far  from  starting  point  A  as  he  was  at  point  B.  The 
hunter  is  45  years  old  and  uses  a  ^\"inc■hester  rifle.    What  is  the  color  of 

the    bear    he    shot? 25     __ — 

Total  point  200 


THE    CARPENTER  29 

ANSWERS  TO   "THE  LOCKER" 


1.  Cornice. 

2.  Means  the  angle  formed  by  the  mitre  cut  and  edge  of  moulding. 

3.  (a)  Saddle. 

(b)  Architrave. 

4.  The  interval  between  two  flights  of  steps  in  a  staircase. 

5.  Primary:  red,  blue  ,yellow. 
Secondary:  purple,  green,  orange. 

6.  A  painter. 

7.  Architect's  level. 

8.  Form  work. 

9.  Conduction,  radiation,  convection. 

10.  (a)  True. 
(b)  True. 

11.  12. 

12.  Pi=3.1416. 

13.  Area=Pi  r2. 

14.  28-496. 

15.  5  Cows. 

16.  A  weight  attached  to  a  cord  used  for  tlireading  sash  pulleys  with  sash  cord. 

17.  A  downward  bending;  as,  the  bending  of  joists  that  are  overloaded;  a  downward 
sloping. 

18.  A  joint  made  by  means  of  rabbets  cut  on  the  edge  of  tlie  members.  Sometimes  the 
tongues  lap  onto  each  other  and  sometimes  the  tongues  are  fitted  to  each  other  with 
tlie  rabbets  closed  with  a  fillet;  a  sort  of  shiplap  joint;  a  groove  joint  with  a  false 
tongue. 

19.  Foundation.  Grillage  is  a  base  made  of  lumber  in  a  cribbed  manner  for  building 
foundations  on  in  quicksand  or  otlier  soft  bottom. 

20.  The  clue  lies  in  the  fact  that  the  hunter  at  point  C  was  exactly  as  far  from  the 
starting  point  as  he  was  at  point  B.  in  order  for  a  man  to  be  able  to  walk  three  miles 
south  and  tliree  miles  east  without  getting  more  tlian  three  miles  away  from  the 
starting  point  would  have  to  start  from  the  north  pole;  which  means  any  bear  shot 
would  have  to  be  a  polar  bear  and  therefore  white. 

♦ 

25th  ANNIVERSARY  AND  DEDICATION  AT  BERKLEY,  MICHIGAN 

Six  hundred  of  the  1300  members  of  Local  998,  Oakland  County,  Michigan,  were 
banqueted  at  tables  decorated  with  spring  flowers  and  laden  witli  food,  on  March  11,  1950. 
The  occasion  marked  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the  organization  of  tliis  Local  as  well 
as  the  dedication  of  their  new  $87,000  hall,  at  1949  W.  Twelve  Mile,  Berkley,  Michigan, 
planned  and  built  by  tlie  membership. 

Mr.  Ronald  Swanson  acted  as  master  of  ceremonies  for  the  program  which  was  carried 
on  during  and  after  the  Jjanquet.  The  large  auditorium,  which  is  on  the  floor  abo\e  tlie 
banquet  room,  comfortably  accommodated  the  crowd  both  during  the  program  and  for 
the  dancing  which  followed. 

Among  the  special  guests,  who  brought  greetings  from  their  organizations  were  Mr.  C. 
O.  VanHorn,  of  the  General  Office  at  Indianapolis;  Mr.  Finlay  Allen  of  tlie  Detroit  Building 
Trades  Council;  Mr.  Archie  Virtue  of  the  Oakland  County  Building  Trades;  and  Mr.  \'ern 
Lough  of  the  Carpenters  District  Council  of  Detroit. 

Each  of  the  speakers  stressed  tlie  importance  of  the  building  of  such  a  splendid  home 
for  tlie  local  and  the  benefits  which  tlie  community  received  from  such  a  project. 

Congratulatory  telegrams  were  read  from  Gov.  Mennen  Williams  and  Mr.  Jacob  Kaller, 
who  were  unable  to  be  present. 

Presentations  were  made  to  four  retired  members  for  lengdi  of  membership;  Brother 
FRANK  STELTZNER,  aged  eighty,  initiated  July  22,  1901;  Brodier  EDMUND  H. 
TAYLOR,  aged  80,  initiated  October  24,  1902;  Brotlier  NELIUS  JORGENSEN,  aged  80, 
initiated  August  27,  1906,  and  Brother  EDWARD  ROSELAND,  aged  65,  initiated  June 
25,  1913;  and  to  MR.  and  MRS.  JOHN  NAUMAN,  organizers  of  tlie  union  and  auxiliary 
a  quarter  of  a  century  ago. 

President  of  Local  998  is  Mr.  Chester  Jacobs,  Sr.,  and  the  business  agents  are  Mr. 
Clarence  Lumley  and  Mr.  Edgar  E.  Harper. 


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 


Gbneral  Office  :  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


General  President 
WM.   L.   HUTCHESOX 
Carpenters'   Building,   Indianapolis 


Ind. 


First  General  Vice-President 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


Acting  Secretaet 

ALBERT    E.    FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  IndianapollB,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN   R.    STEVENS  ON 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Treasurer 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Executive  Board 


First  District,    CHARLES   JOHNSON,   JE. 
Ill  E.  22nd   St.,   New  York  10,   N.  Y. 


Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBERTS 
3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second   District.    O.    WH.    BLAIEK 
933  E.  Magee,   Philadelphia  11,   Pa. 


SLsth   District.   A.   'W.   MUIE 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif, 


Third  District.  HARRY  SCH-WAEZEK 
1248   "Walnut  Ave.,    Cleveland,    O. 


Seventh  District 
3560    St.    Lawrence,    Montreal,    Que.,    Can. 


Fourth   District.    ROLANTD   ADAMS 
712   West  Palmetto   St.,   Florence,    S.   C. 


WM.   L.   HUTCHESON.   Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 

SPECL\L  NOTICE 

We  \-\-ish  to  remind  all  Locals  that  tlie  26th  General  Convention  of  the  United  Brother- 
hood of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  .America  v^iM  be  held  in  tlie  Auditorium  of  the  Cincinnati 
Masonic  Temple,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  beginning  September  5,  1950,  at  2:00  P.M.  and  continue 
in  session  from  day  to  day  until  the  business  coming  before  the  Convention  has  been 

completed. 

We  also  \^ish  to  call  your  attention  to  the  following: 

All  amendments  to  the  General  Constitution  submitted  by  the  Local  Unions,  District,  State  or 
Provincial  Councils  for  the  consideration  of  the  Convention  shall  be  forwarded  to  the  office  of  the 
Secretary  and  in  accordance  with  the  action  of  the  General  Executive  Board  will  be  published  in 
our  Journal,  "The  Carpenter,"  after  the  July  15th  date  preceding  the  Convention  and  no  further 
amendments  shadl  be  considered  by  the  Constitution  Committee  other  than  those  submitted  in 
accordance  with  the  above,  but  amendments  to  any  Section  can  be  offered  from  the  floor  during  the 
report  of   the    Constitution    Committee. 

Fratemall}'  yours, 

ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary. 


NEW    LOCAL    UNIONS    CH.\RTERED 


JANUARY    19.j0 

31S1  Bishop,    California 

FEBRUARY  1950 

1703  Penn  Yan.   New  York 

1711  Scottsboro,    Alabama 

1726  Laredo,    Texas 

1756  Kennett,    Missouri 

1850  Chattanooga.   Tenn. 

1910  New    Castle,    Indiana 

1928  Vancouver,  B.  C,  Can. 

1950  Covington,  Louisiana 

1979  Ft.  Lauderdale,  Fla. 

1641  Naples,    Florida 


MARCH    1950 

19S1  Jacksonville,    Arkansas 

2003  St.   Thomas.    Ont..    Can. 

3188  Forest   HiU.    California 

2031  Ft.   Edward,    New   York 

2045  Jackson,    Mississippi 

3192  Malvern.    Arkansas 

3193  Jamestown,    New    York 

APRIL  1950 

3183  Concrete,    Washington 

3176  Cascade  Locks,    Oregon 

2054  Horseheads,    New   York 

2062  Jackson,   Kentucky 


3104 
2070 
3195 
3196 

2081 
2115 
2116 

2120 
2392 
2153 
2185 
2187 
2501 


Jamestown,   New  York 
Park  Falls,  Wisconsin 
El   Paso,    Texas 
Socorro,   New  Mexico 

MAY    1950 
Pine  Bluff,   Arkansas 
Ft.  Pierce,  Florida 
Seeley    Lake,    Montana 
Owatonna.   Minnesota 
Cadillac.  Michigan 
Medford,   Wisconsin 
Kingsland,   Georgia 
Pensacola,   Florida 
Warm   Springs,    Oregon 


^  rt   0.ttntfviHnt 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them, 
Not  dead,  just  gone  before; 


They  still  live  in  our  memory. 
And  will  forever  more 


%t^i  in  l^tsctt 

Th9  Editor  has  been  requested  to  publish  the  namea 
•/    the    following    Brothers    who    have    passed    away. 


ROBERT   ADAMS,   L.   U.   225,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
A.  D.  ADAMSON,  L.  U.   1976,  Los  Angeles   Cal. 
C.  N.   ALLEN,   L.  U.    1800,   Shelton,   Wash. 
FRITZ    ANDERSON,    L.    U.   87,    St.   Paul,    Minn. 
LEONARD    H.    ANDERSON,    L.    U.    792,    Rock- 
ford.   III. 
NELS  ANDERSON,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
CARL  ANDRE,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
RICHARD   ARZIG,   L.   U.   1367,    Chicago,    111. 
JAMES   D.   BAHRT,   L.  U.   129,   West   Hazleton, 

Pa. 
CORTLAND     BEAULIEU,    L.    U.     177,     Spring- 
field,  Mass. 
GEORGE     BECKEL,     L.     U.     298,     Long     Island 

City,    N.    Y. 
C.  A.  BENSON,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
CARL   BENSON,   L.   U.   51,   Boston,  Mass. 
ABE   BERMAN,   L.   U.   946,   Los   Angeles,    Calif. 
ARTHUR  E.   BOOCK,   L.   U.    129,   W.   Hazleton, 

Pa. 
G.   S.   BROADFOOT,  L.  U.   329,  Oklahoma   City, 

Okla. 
WILLIAM  S.  BURNS,  L.  U.  101,  Baltimore,  Md. 
DANIEL  CAMPION,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
ADOLPH  CARLSON,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
G.  H.  CHRISTY,  L.  U.  1207,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
N.     J.     COLLINS,     L.     U.     1339,     Morgantown, 

V/.    Va. 
DWIGHT    A.    COPELAND,   L.    U.    98,    Spokane, 

Wash. 
FRED     CORNISH,    L.    U.    329,    Oklahoma    City, 

Okla. 
JOSEPH    C.   COSTA,   L.   U.   51,   Boston,   Mass. 
JOHN   H.   CRAWFORD,  L.  U.   626,   Wilmington, 

Del. 
JOE   O.    CRUZ,   L.  U.    1976,   Los   Angeles,    Calif. 
WILLIAM    CUMMINGS,   L.   U.    177,   Springfield, 

Mass. 
L.  W.   DAZIEL,  L.  U.  87,  St.   Paul,   Minn. 
F.  A.  De   MARS,  L.   U.   87,   St.   Paul,   Minn. 
ISADORE    DOLNICK,    L.    U.   366,    Bronx,    N.    Y. 
STANLEY  DRINSKY,  L.  U.  337,  Detroit,  Mich. 
CLYDE  DUCKWORTH,  L.  U.  1976,  Los  Angeles, 

Calif. 
MARTIN   DYKEMAN,   L.   U.   51,   Boston,   Mass. 
FRED  ECKERT,  L.  U.   1407,  Wilmington,   Calif. 
CHARLES    ECKLUND,    L.    U.    177,    Springfield, 

Mass. 
DAN   ECKSTRAND,    L.   U.   87,    St.   Paul,    Minn. 
THOMAS  J.  EDWARDS,  L.  U.  177,  Springfield, 

JOHN   H.   eLsHOFF,   L.  U.  4,   Davenport,   la. 
ERICK    ERICKSON,     L.    U.     30,    New     London, 

Conn. 
J.  P.  FABER,  L.   U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
FRANK  R.  FANN,  L.  U.  586,  Sacramento,  Calif. 
WILLIAM    FEDORKO,    L.    U.    608,    New    York, 

N.   Y. 
HARRY  FRANK,  L.  U.   808,   Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 
PATRICK   T.   GARVEY,   L.  U.    177,   Springfield, 

PAUL  GEGZNAS,  L.  U.   1922,  Chicago,  111. 
FERRY  W.  GIDDINGS,  L.  U.  337,  Detroit,  Mich. 
W.   C.   GOODNOE,   L.   U.   87,   St.   Paul,   Minn. 
AUGUST    GRAMLING,   L.   U.   298,   Long   Island 
City,   N.   Y. 


MARTIN   GREGOR,   L.   U.   13,   Chicago,   111. 
W.  G.  GROSS,  L.  U.  1339,  Morgantown,  W.  Va. 
N.  H.  HAGUE,  L.  U.  87,   St.  Paul,  Minn. 
O.  M.  HARPER,  L.  U.  225,   Atlanta,  Ga. 
LEONARD     HARTMAN,    L.     U.     87,     St.     Paul, 

Minn. 
JACOB   HEFNER,  L.  U.  298,   Long   Island   City, 

N.  Y. 
JOHN   D.  HENRY,  L.  U.  90,  EvansvUle,   Ind. 
JAMES  E.  HESS,  L.  U.  768,   Kingston,   Pa. 
OTTO   HEUER,   L.   U.    1292,   Huntington,   N.   Y. 
JOSEPH  HIZSNYIK,  L.  U.  746,  Norwalk,  Conn. 
GERHART     HOFFMAN,     L.     U.     87,    St.    Paul, 

Minn. 
J.   R.   HOGAN,   L.   U.  225,   Atlanta,   Ga. 
LOUIS   HOUDAK,   L.   U.   98,   Spokane,   Wash. 
J  AS.    HUXTED,    L.    U.     1940,    Kitchener,    Ont., 

Canada 
CECIL   P.   JAMISON,   L.   U.    792,    Rockford,    IlL 
HUGH    JAMISON,    L.   U.    206,    New    Castle,   Pa. 
WILLIAM    JENCKEN,    L.    U.    608,    New    York, 

N.    Y. 
PAUL  JENKINS,  L.  U.  225,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
H.   M.  JENSEN,   L.   U.   946,   Los   Angeles,   Calif. 
CARL   JOHNSON,   L.   U.   87,   St.  Paul,    Minn. 
EDWARD   JOHNSON,   L.  U.    13,    Chicago,    111. 
J.   H.  JONES,   L.   U.   225,   Atlanta,    Ga. 
VERNON  JONES,  L.  U.  946,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 
W.  H.  KELLY,  L.  U.  329,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
JAMES    KINSELLA,    L.   U.    13,    Chicago,    111. 
HARRY    C.    KNUDSEN,    L.    U.     1922,     Chicago, 

111. 
FRANK   KORUSEK,   L.   U.   388,    Richmond,    Va. 
LOUIS    LARIO,    L.    U.    13,    Chicago,    111. 
WM.   LARSON,   L.   U.   87,  St.   Paul,   Minn. 
ROBERT    A.    LEE,    L.   U.    808,    Brooklyn,   N.    Y. 
CLYDE  LITTLE,  L.  U.  213,  Houston,  Texas 
E.  A.  MC  MANUS,  L.  U.  946,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
HENDERSON    MC    NEIL,    L.   U.    1029    Johnston 

City,    111. 
GEORGE  MC  WILLIAMS,  L.  U.  608  New  York, 

N.  Y. 
HARVEY     MARTIN,     L.     U.     177,     Springfield, 

HORACE  J.'mATHIS,  L.  U.   1335,  Wilmington, 

Calif. 
JOHN  W.  MAUERER,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
JULIUS  H.  MEGGERS,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
WILLIAM   MICHAELIS,  L.  U.  60,   Indianapolis, 

Ind. 
BEN   T.  MILLER,  L.  U.  2088,  Port  Royal,  S.  C. 
JOHN  W.  MOLLOHAN,  L.  U.   1207,  Charleston, 

W.   Va. 
C.  P.  NORDEHN,   L.  U.  87,   St.  Paul,   Minn. 
ELDRED   E.   NORRIS,   L.   U.    1335,   Wilmington, 

Calif. 
ALVIN   ODNESS,    L.    U.    87,    St.    Paul,    Minn. 
OLAF    N.   OLSEN,   L.    U.   87,   St.   Paul,   Minn. 
FRED   PAINTER,  L.   U.    1339,   Morgantown,   W. 

Va. 
C.  A.  PETERSON,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
GEORGE  PETERSON,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
NELS   PETERSON        L.   U.   87,   St.   Paul,   Minn. 
J.  E.  PIERCE,  L.  U.  515  Colorado  Springs,   Colo. 
JOHN   POLLOCK,   L.   U.   301,   Newburgh,   N.   Y. 


32 


THE    CARPENTER 


^rt  ^etnaviatn 


GEORGE    POWELS,    L.    U.    946,    Los    Angeles, 

Calif. 
GEORGE  PRIBITSCH,  L.  U.   1784,   Chicago,   111. 
GUST    PUNDY,    L.    U.   87,    St.    Paul,    Minn. 
FRED  RASMUSSEN,   L.  U.   87,   St.   Paul,   Minn. 
WILLIAM   H.  RAYNER,   L.  U.   608,  New  York, 

N.   Y. 
ANDREW  REVIE,  L.  U.  440,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
C.  O.  RINKE,  L.   U.   98,   Spokane,   Wash. 
A.    RODRIQUES,    L.   U.   316,    San   Jose,    Calif. 
J.  H.  RONK,  L.  U.  316,  San  Jose,   Calif. 
JOHN    ROSEGRANT,    L.   U.    1335,    Wilmington, 

Calif. 
JOHN  SAHLIN,  L.  U.  1922,  Chicago,  111. 
JOHN     A.    SAMUELSON,    L.    U.    87,    St.    Paul, 

Minn. 
JOHN   SANDRIK,   L.  U.    1922,   Chicago,   111. 
DAVID   SARVETNICK,   L.   U.   626,   Wilmington, 

Del. 
LOUIS  T.  SCHMIDT,  L.  U.  101,  Baltimore,  Md. 
R.   F.   SCHROEDER,    L.   U.   87,    St.    Paul,   Minn. 
MAX  SILVER,  L.  U.   13,   Chicago,  111. 
C.   H.    SMITH,   L.   U.    1768,   Jacksonville,    Texas 
JOHN   SMITH,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
J.   L.    SOUMMEROUR,   L.   U.    225,    Atlanta,    Ga. 
OTTO    SOVA,   L.   U.  87,   St.   Paul,   Minn. 
JOHN    SPENCE,    L.    U.    lOl,    Baltimore,    Md. 
THOMAS    SPITTLE,    L.    U.    946,    Los    Angeles, 

Calif. 
BYRON   STOUT,  L.  U.  60,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


W.  G.  STUART,  L.  U.   1800,  Shelton,  Wash. 
JESSE  STULLER,  L.  U.   186,  Steubenville,  Ohio 
CHAS.    W.    TAYLOR,    L.    U.    1207,    Charleston, 

W.    Va. 
JOSEPH     THELAN,     L.    U.     177,     Springfield, 

Mass. 
VAUGHN    THOMAS,    L.    U.    626    Wilmington, 

Del. 
EDWARD   E.   THOMASON,   L.  U.   98,  Spokane, 

Wash. 
CHARLES     THOMPSON,     L.    U.    87,     St.    Paul, 

Minn. 
ERNEST  THORNELL,  L.  U.  87,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 
VERNON    E.    TILTON,    L.    U.     101,    Baltimore, 

Md. 
WILLIAM    D.    URBAN,    L.    U.    2079,    Houston, 

TEXAS 
FRED   WAHL,   L.  U.  87,   St.   Paul,  Minn. 
JOHN   FRANKLIN   WALLEN,   L.   U.   1407,  Wil- 
mington,   Calif. 
ELI  AS  WELLMAN,  L.  U.  301,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 
VICTOR  WESTIN,   L.   U.  87,  St.  Paul,   Minn. 
PETER    WESTMAN,   L.   U.    87,    St.   Paul,   Minn, 
GEO.    WILLIAMS,    L.    U.    329    Oklahoma    City, 

Okla. 
CHAS.   WILSON,  L.  U.  60,  Indianapolis,   Ind. 
JOHN     WOHLLEBEN,     L.     U.     210,     Stamford, 

Conn. 
MAX  ZEIFMAN,  L.  U.  946,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 
BEN   ZIVOF,   L.  U.    1922,    Chicago,   111. 


$50,000  TO  AID  WINNIPEG  FLOOD  VICTIMS 

To  the  thousands  upon  thousands  of  citizens  of  Winnipeg,  Canada,  who  were  made 
homeless  by  the  worst  flood  in  recent  history,  the  word  "Brotherhood"  in  the  name  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America  must  carry  real  significance.  Meeting  in 
Indianapolis  while  the  flood  was  still  at  its  crest,  the  General  Executive  Board  unanimously 
voted  a  $50,000  donation  to  the  Manitoba  Flood  Control  Commission  to  help  rehabilitate 
the  victims  of  the  flood.   Within  a  matter  of  hours,  the  check  was  on  its  mission  of  mercy. 

The  following  wire  was  sent  to  Hon.  Louis  S.  St.  Laiu-ent,  Prime  Minister  of  the  Domin- 
ion of  Canada,  by  General  President  William  L.  Hutcheson: 


WESTERN  UNION- 

THE  HON.  LOUIS  S.  ST.  LAURENT,  PRIME  MINISTER  DOMINION  OF 

CANADA 
OTTAWA,  ONTARIO,  CANADA 

HONORABLE  SIR.  THE  GENERAL  EXECUTIVE  BOARD  OF  THE  UNITED 
BROTHERHOOD  OF  CARPENTERS  AND  JOINERS  OF  AMERICA  WHICH  HAS 
LOCALS  THROUGHOUT  THE  DOMINION  OF  CANADA  AS  WELL  AS  THE 
USA  AT  A  SESSION  HERE  IN  OUR  GENERAL  OFFICE  IN  INDIANAPOLIS, 
INDIANA  MADE  A  DONATION  OF  FIFTY  THOUSAND  DOLLARS  TO  THE 
MANITOBA  FLOOD  CONTROL  COMMISSION  FOR  THE  BENEFIT  AND  BE- 
HOOF OF  THE  RESIDENTS  OF  THE  CITY  OF  WINNIPEG.  YOU  WILL 
UNDERSTAND  HONORABLE  SIR  THAT  NEITHER  MYSELF  NOR  OUR  GEN- 
ERAL EXECUTIVE  BOARD  IS  TRYING  IN  ANY  WAY  TO  INTERFERE  OR 
EVEN  SUGGEST  ANY  PROCEDURE  IN  YOUR  DOMINION  GOVERNMENT, 
BUT  I  THOUGHT  PERHAPS  YOU  MIGHT  APPRECIATE  THE  LNFORMATION 
PERTAINING  TO  THE  ACTION  OF  OUR  BOARD  IN  MAKING  THIS  DONA- 
TION AS  WE  ARE  INTERESTED  IN  THE  WELFARE  AND  WELL  BEING  OF 
THE  CITIZENS  OF  THE  PROVINCES  IN  YOUR  DOMINION  AS  WELL  AS  BE- 
ING INTERESTED  IN  THE  WELFARE  OF  THE  CITIZENS  OF  THE  USA. 
RESPECTFULLY  YOURS 
WM  L  HUTCHESON 

GENERAL  PRESIDENT  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  OF  CARPENTERS 
AND  JOINERS  OF  AMERICA. 


CorrQspondQncQ 


This  Journal  Is  Not  Responsible  for  Views  Expressed  by  Correspondents. 

ILLINOIS   STATE   COUNCIL  ENTERTAINS  HOME   GUESTS 

Through  its  president,  George  Ottens,  who  was  visiting  in  Lakeland  at  the  time,  the 
Illinois  State  Council  of  Carpenters  on  the  night  of  March  11th  entertained  the  guests 
from  Illinois  now  residing  at  the  Home  with  a  gala  banquet  and  social  evening  in  com- 
memoration of  the  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  Samuel  Gompers.  International 
officers  and  representatives  who  were  in  the  area  at  the  time  in  connection  with  the 
regular  meeting  of  the  General  Executive  Board  were  in  attendance  as  were  a  number  of 
other  visiting  friends. 

In  welcoming  the  guests,  President  Ottens  stated  that  it  was  a  pleasure  to  entertain 
the  old  timers,  many  of  whom  knew  Gompers  personally  and  worked  and  talked  with 
him  on  many  occasions  and  looked  upon  him  as  a  friend  and  advisor. 

Featured  speaker  of  tlie  evening  was  General  Secretary  Emeritus  Frank  Duffy  who 
was  colleague  and  close  personal  friend  of  peerless  Gompers  for  many  years.  Brother 
Duffy  gave  a  brief  outline  of  the  history  of  the  labor  movement— how,  why  and  when  the 
American  Federation  of  Labor  was  organized;  how  Gompers  was  first  elected  presi- 
dent and  retained  that  position  for  nearly  half  a  century;  the  great  things  he  accomplished 
in  his  long  and  honorable  career.  When  Gompers  assumed  the  presidency  of  the 
Federation,  child  labor  was  widely  prevalent  and  exploitation  of  both  men  and  women 
by  unscrupulous  employers  was  the  rule  rather  than  the  exception.  In  his  lifetime, 
Gompers  lived  to  see  strong,  independent  unions  grow  up  in  virtually  all  industries  and 
humane  wages  and  working  conditions  result  from  their  efforts.  Always  the  United 
Brotherhood  considered  Gompers  the  right  man  in  the  right  job  and  when  in  1904  the 
Socialists  threatened  to  unseat  him,  the  rallying  of  the  Carpenters  around  him  dispersed 
the  opposition.    Duffy  made  Gomper's  nominating  speech  at  that  time. 

The  New  Florida  Hotel  extended  itsefl  to  make  the  dinner  a  success.  The  food  was  ex- 
cellent and  the  old  timers  who  hail  from  the  State  of  Illinois  had  a  grand  time  reUving 
and  talking  over  old  times. 


LYNBROOK  LOCALS  HELP  WORTHY  CAUSE 

The  Long  Beach  Hospital  in  the  Lynbrook,  N.  Y.,  area  is  going  to  serve  the  community 

as  thoroughly  as  possible.   Members  of  the  United  Brotherhood  have  done  their  bit  to  make 

sure  that  such  is  possible. 

On  a  recent  Saturday,   seventy  members   volunteered  to  erect  a  one-family  "Dream 

House"  for  the  benefit  of  the 
Long  Beach  Hospital  in  a  fund- 
raising  drive.  The  volunteers, 
members  of  Locals  353  and  950, 
under  the  direction  of  Brother 
Joe  Schmitt,  Business  Agent, 
and  Brother  Charles  Sussner, 
who  was  superintendent,  erect- 
ed the  six-room  house  in  eight 
hoiurs. 

A  local  restaurant  supplied 
hot  coffee  and  sandwiches  all 
day.  The  Ladies'  Auxiliary  of 
the  Long  Beach  Hospital  served 

a  turkey  dinner  with  all  the  trimmings. 

During  the  progress  of  the  building,  television  cameras  were  clicking  and  five  hundred 

to  a  thousand  people  watched  and  applauded  as  each  wtrll  went  up.    The  house  will  'bo 

raffled  off. 


34 


THE    CARPENTER 


READING,  PA.  CELEBRATES  FIFTIETH  BIRTHDAY 

Local  Union  No.  492  of  Reading  Pa.,  celebrated  its  fiftieth  anniversary  on  Friday, 
Feb.  24,  1950,  in  the  Orioles  Hall.  Music,  entertainment,  refreshments  and  a  buffet 
lunch  were  enjoyed  by  everyone  present. 

Business  Agent  L.  E.  Ross  served  as  toastmaster  for  tlie  occasion.  In  his  introduction, 
he  extolled  the  virtues  of  Brothers  James  R.  Schearer,  George  H.  Boyer  and  William 
Hanuf,  the  three  remaining  Charter  members  who  are  still  active  union  members.  Brother 
Ross  cpmplimentes  these  members  and  their  associates  for  their  fortitude  and  loyalty  to 
the  Local  Union,  making  it  possible,  through  collective  bargaining,  to  increase  the  hour- 
ly rate  from  18c  in  1900  to  $2.15  in  1950,  and  to  enjoy  working  conditions  second  to 
none. 

Twenty-four  apprentices  were  congratulated  and  were  presented  with  their  certificates 
of  completion,  supplied  by  the  United  Brotherhood  and  the  Pennsylvania  Department  of 

Labor.  Toastmaster  Ross  introduced 
many  special  guests,  including  Mr.  Her- 
bert Kissinger,  Director  of  Vocational 
Training  of  the  Reading  School  District; 
Mr.  Horace  Heist,  Field  Representative 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Apprenticeship 
Training  Service;  Edward  A.  Reider, 
President  of  the  Joint  Apprenticeship 
Council  and  the  Teachers  of  the  classes. 
Mr.  Kissinger  made  the  presentation 
speech  to  the  apprentices,  in  which  he 
stressed  the  importance  of  school  train- 
ing by  professional  teachers. 

Among  the  guests  present  were  Rich- 
ard O'DriscoU,  President;  John  Creagan, 
Secretary;  Chas.  Shedaker,  and  Thos. 
Smith,  Business  Agents  of  the  Philadel- 
phia District  Council;  Jean  Considine, 
President  of  the  Pennsylvania  Highway 
Organizing  committee;  Carl  Engel,  Spe- 
cial Organizer  on  Highway;  Ralph  Lyons, 
Business  Agent,  Harrisburg;  H.  Scleicher,  Business  Agent,  Allentown;  John  Wilhelm, 
Business  Agent,  Bethlehem;  Rudolph  Sterback,  Business  Agent,  and  Chas.  Nieman,  Presi- 
dent of  Lancaster,  Pa.  The  Ofiicers  and  Business  Agents  of  the  local  Building  Trades  were 
also  present. 

A  silent  trbiute  in  memory  to  the  late  Brother  Mayberry  Mengel,  who  passed  away  on 
February  13,  1950,  was  added  to  the  affair.  Brother  Mengel  was  the  oldest  member  in 
years  of  membership  in  the  Local  Union  up  to  his  demise,  having  joined  No.  8  in  1899, 


Charter  members  James  R.  Schearer,  George  H. 
Boyer  and  William  Hanuf  confer  with  Business 
Agent  L.  E.  Ross  during  the  celebration. 


CANADIAN  LOCAL  CELEBRATES  ANNIVERSARY 

Local  498  celebrated  its  fiftieth  Anniversary  on  Thursday,  Feb.  16th,  when  a  success- 
ful banquet  and  dance  were  held  in  the  Coronation  Room  of  the  Brant  Hotel. 

President  George  Emsley  welcomed  members  and  guests,  including  representatives  of 
the  painters,  plvunbers,  bricklayers  and  electricians.  Mr.  Emsley  pointed  out  that  not  a 
single  strike  marred  tlie  50  years'  history  of  Local  498. 

Leonard  R.  Lear,  National  Representative  of  the  Trades  and  Labor  Congress  of  Canada, 
conveyed  best  wishes  and  congratulations  on  behalf  of  President  P.  R.  Bengough  and  the 
executives  of  the  Congress. 

Brother  Andy  Cooper,  Toronto,  General  Representative  of  the  Brotherhood,  was  the 
guest  speaker  of  the  evening  and  in  his  remarks  appealed  to  the  younger  members  to 
faithfully  attend  the  meetings  of  tlie  Local  and  fight  for  legislation  which  would  result 
in  benefits  to  all.  "I  hope  that  the  people  of  Canada  may  never  again  be  faced  with  such 
conditions  as  existed  during  the  years  1930  to  1939.  I  appeal  to  Dominion  governments 
to  join  with  the  imions  in  devising  ways  and  means  of  avoiding  a  recurrence  of  such 
conditions.   Local  498  is  to  be  congratulated  for  the  progress  it  has  made  during  the  past 


THE    CARPENTER  35 

50  years.  Now,  more  than  ever  before,  it  is  essential  that  the  unions  be  maintained,  and 
it  is  the  responsibihty  of  the  younger  members  to  carry  on  the  traditions  of  the  Brother- 
hood." 

During  the  evening  four  members,  with  records  of  membership  of  30  years  or  more, 
were  introduced  to  the  gathering. 


CORPUS  CHRISTI  INAUGURATES  "FAMILY  NIGHT" 

In  order  to  stimulate  greater  interest  in  meetings,  and  bring  members  into  closer  con- 
tact with  each  other.  Local  Union  No.  1423,  Corpus  Christi,  Texas,  has  inaugurated  a  novel 
program  which  merits  consideration.  In  a  letter  to  The  Carpenter,  RoUa  H.  Watson, 
financial  secretary,  describes  the  activities  of  his  union  as  follows: 

"Our  Local  Union  has  purchased  a  16mm  sound  movie  projector  and  we  have  set 
aside  our  fourth  meeting  night  of  each  month  as  "Family  Night".  At  this  time  we  show 
a  full  length  feature  picture,  short  subjects  and  comedies  after  which  we  have  light  re- 
freshments and  then  play  records  over  our  PA  system  for  dancing,  both  modem  and 
square. 

"It  appears  that  our  members  have  enjoyed  these  programs  immensely  and  are  fast 
becoming  acquainted  with  each  other  and  it  has  been  a  great  help  to  our  Ladies'  Auxil- 
iary. They  appoint  a  committee  from  their  ranks  to  aid  in  the  serving  of  refreshments 
and  it  has  meant  that  through  the  contacts  made  they  have  gained  a  goodly  number  of 
ACTIVE  MEMBERS.  We  feel  that  our  Ladies'  Auxiliary  has  done  an  outstanding  job 
in  assisting  us  to  make  our  programs  a  success  and  they  have  also  done  a  fine  job  in 
educating  our  women  folks  to  purchasing  UNION  MADE  GOODS. 

Local  Union  No.  1423  has  taken  a  bold  step.  Anything  that  brings  members  closer 
together  and  unites  them  more  solidly  in  a  common  bond  is  highly  commendable.  The 
success  the  Corpus  Christi  Union  achieves  with  its  experiment  will  be  worth  watching. 


ROSWELL  LOCAL  ACHIEVES  GOLDEN  ANNIVERSARY 

March  25th,  members  of  Local  511,  Roswell,  N.  M.,  together  with  friends  and  labor 
leaders  from  throughout  the  state,  gathered  at  the  Knights  of  Pythias  Hall,  to  commemorate 
the  founding  of  this  Local  Union  fifty  years  previously. 

Local  511  was  chartered  on  March  14,  1900,  and  holds  the  distinction  of  being  the 
oldest  Carpenter  Local  in  the  State  of  New  Mexico.    At  the  time  the  Local  was  chartered, 

it  had   17  members,   all  of  whom  have 

2^      ^  ^  ~      T^       passed   away,    although    Brother    G.    N. 

Amis,  who  joined  the  Local  in  June,  1900, 
was  an  honored  guest. 

After  a  delicious  banquet,  which  put 
everyone  in  a  jovial  mood,  speeches  were 
enjoyed  by  the  Honorable  Lake  J.  Fraz- 
ier.  Mayor  of  Roswell;  Brother  Charles 
W.  Parcell,  Secretary  of  the  State  Coun- 
cil of  Carpenters,  and  Brother  Alex  Si- 
mon from  Hobbs  Local  Union,  who  has 
held  50  years'  continuous  membership. 
The  principal  address  was  delivered  by 
Brother  A.  W.  Muir,  General  Executive  Board  member  of  tlie  Brotlierhood.  He  gave  a 
very  inspiring  speech,  speaking  on  Unionism  in  general  and  of  the  United  Brotherhood  in 
particular,  which  has  become  knovioi  as  one  of  Labor's  best  friends  throughout  the  State  of 
New  Mexico. 

Speeches  were  also  given  by  Brother  John  Murray,  International  Representative;  Brother 
Joe  Rivera,  Secretary  of  the  State  Council  of  Savraiill  Workers  and  President  of  the  State 
Federation  of  Labor;  Brother  Earl  J.  McDonald,  Secretary  of  the  State  Federation  of  Labor. 
Brother  J.  C.  Cummins,  member  of  Local  511  and  President  of  the  State  Council  of  Car- 
penters. Brother  Gene  Burgoon,  President  of  the  Local,  ably  presided. 
Following  the  speaking,  dancing  was  enjoyed  by  everyone. 

The  occasion  was  a  great  success  and  one  that  the  Carpenters  of  Local  511  wall  long 
remember. 


36  THE    CARPENTER 

WEST  VIRGINIA  STATE  COUNCIL  HOLDS  BUSY  MEETING 

Meeting  in  Morgantown  March  26th,  the  West  Virginia  State  Council  of  Carpenters 
held  one  of  the  most  profitable  conclaves  in  its  history.  With  all  members  present  a 
full  agenda  was  disposed  of  in  an  expeditions  manner. 

Among  the  prominent  visitors  on  hand  to  welcome  the  officers  was  G.  Clifford  Hough, 
Mayor  of  the  City  and  a  member  in  good  standing  of  the  Lathers  Union.  Mayor  Hough 
extended  a  warm  welcome  to  the  visitors  and  wished  them  every  success.  Other  dis- 
tinguished guests  included  Volney  Andrews,  treasurer  of  the  West  Virginia  State  Fed- 
eration, Thurmond  L,  Radford,  president  of  the  Building  Trades  Council,  and  O.  Wm. 
Blaier,  General  Executive  Board  Member.  All  delivered  interesting  talks,  especially 
Board  Member  Blaier  who  presented  a  good  deal  of  useful  information  regarding  the 
United  Brotherhood  and  the  carpentry  trade. 

Among  the  business  transacted  by  the  meeting  was  a  vigorous  protest  over  the  use 
of  non-union  labor  on  the  Star  City  Boulevard  and  certain  bridge  projects.  The  Council 
endorsed  a  four-year  medical  school  for  the  state  university  and  adopted  a  resolution 
urging  all  union  members  to  vote  for  their  friends  and  against  their  enemies  at  the 
primaries.  The  chairman  appointed  a  committee  to  work  with  the  contractors  association 
to  draft  a  state  building  code  in  order  to  promote  safety  in  construction  and  to  protect 
all  concerned  from  gyp  building  and  wage  chiselling.  The  chair  also  appointed  a 
committee  to  work  out  ways  and  means  among  affiliated  locals  for  facilitating  the  moving 
of  millwrights  and  millwright  apprentices  from  area  to  area  in  order  that  they  might 
follow  their  line  of  work  more  easily.  By  the  time  all  the  business  was  disposed  of,  the 
visitors  were  ready  to  start  home  secure  in  the  knowledge  that  their  time  was  very 
profitably  spent. 


RACINE  HONORS  GRADUATING  APPRENTICES 

Fifty-five  Racine,  Wisconsin  young  men,  twenty-two  of  whom  are  members  of  Local 
Union  No.  91,  were  honored  Tuesday  night,  February  14th  at  a  dinner  in  Memorial  Hall 
marking  the  official  completion  of  their  apprenticeship  training. 

The  dinner  was  jointly  spon- 
sored by  the  Building  Trades 
Employers'  Association  of 
Racine  and  the  Racine  Build- 
ing and  Construction  Trades 
Council. 

M.  M.  Hanson,  assistant  di- 
rector of  the  bureau  of  appren- 
ticeship of  the  U.  S.  depart- 
ment of  labor,  spoke  on  the 
progress  of  apprenticeship  in 
the  construction  industry.  He 
pointed  to  55  journeymen  train- 
ed by  the  Racine  program  as 
tlie  dividends  resulting  from 
the  joint  efforts  of  labor,  man- 
agement, apprentices,  the  apprentice  bureau  and  the  Vocational  School. 

Congratulations  were  extended  to  the  graduates  by  George  Nelson  on  behalf  of  the 
Racine  contractors  and  by  Peter  T.  Schoemann,  president  of  the  Milwaukee  Building 
and  Construction  Trades  Council,  on  behalf  of  the  building  trades  unions. 

Lester  G.  Kieffer,  one  of  the  graduating  apprentices,  extended  the  thanks  of  his 
group  to  the  joint  committee,  the  employers,  the  other  journeymen  and  to  the  Vocational 
School  instructors. 

The  Industrial  Commission  apprenticeship  diplomas  were  distributed  by  Walter  F. 
Simon,  director  of  apprenticeship  for  the  Wisconsin  Industrial  Commission,  and  Silas 
V.  Moote,  field  representative  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Labor,  bureau  of  apprenticeship. 

Carpenters  and  Joiners  Journeymen  certificates  were  distributed  by  Walter  Dunn, 
international  representative  of  the  carpenters  union,  Rex  Fransway  distributed  the 
electrical  industry  diplomas  and  Chip  Ebert  distributed  tlie  bricklayers  citations. 

John  Grant,  secretary  of  the  Racine  Building  and  Construction  Trades  Council,  was 
chairman  and  George  Nelson,  co-chairman.  W.  C.  (Tex)  Reynolds  was  master  of  ceremonies. 


r 


THE    CARPENTER 


37 


IOWA  STATE  COUNCIL'S  36th  ANNUAL  CONVENTION 

The  36th  Annual  Convention  of  tlie  Iowa  State  Council  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners 
of  America  was  held  at  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  on  April  12  and  14,  1950. 

The  local  unions  in  Iowa  were  well  represented  and  fraternal  delegates  from 
Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  Illinois  and  Kansas   State  Council  were   in  attendance. 

Local  Union  No.  767  of  Ottumwa,  Iowa  celebrated  its  50th  Anniversary  of  the  char- 
tering of  that  local  union  in  conjunction  with  the  Convention  of  the  Iowa  State  Council. 

The  convention  committee  of  the  local  union  and  the  ladies  auxiliary  completed 
elaborate  plans  for  the  entertainment  of  the  delegates  and  their  wives.  The  delegates 
to  the  convention,  the  members  of  Local  Union  No.  767  and  their  wives  were  entertained 


Seated:  S.  P.  McKenzy,  Marshalltown,  Secretary-Treasurer;  O.  F.  Sellers,  Marshalltown, 
President;    C.   L.   Fulton,   Sioux   City,    Vice-President. 

Standing,  Board  Members:  L.  M.  Blitsch,  Waterloo;  W.  R.  Traver,  Blue  Grass;  C.  E.  Pittman, 
Morning  Sun;  V.  I.  Morehead,  Sioux  City;  W.  E.  Shay,  Des  Moines;  W.  O.  Brown,  Council 
Bluffs;   H.  P.   Schmidt,   Ottumwa;    R.   D.   Hesley,   Fort   Dodge. 

by  a  banquet,  floor  show  and  dance  on  the  evening  of  April  13tli.  175  guests  attended 
the  banquet  and  many  more  were  present  for  the  showing  of  the  motion  pictures  of  our 
Home  at  Lakeland,  Florida,  and  the  International  Office  in  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

The  Delegates  presented  Local  Union  No.  767  with  a  black  walnut  Conference  Chair 
and  an  Electric  Wall  Clock,  to  be  used  in  the  Meeting  Hall  of  the  Local  Union,  as  a 
token  of  their  50th  Anniversary  and  for  being  Hosts  to  the  State  Council  Convention, 

Muscatine,  Iowa,  will  be  the  Host  for  the  State  Council  Convention  in  1951. 


EVERETT,  WASH.,  CELEBRATES  GOLDEN  JUBILEE 

Some  500  members,  friends  and  guests  lilled  Normanna  Hall,  Everett,  Washington, 
to  capacity  on  the  night  of  April  28th  when  Local  Union  No.  562  celebrated  its  golden 
jubilee.  Despite  tlie  huge  crowd,  a  fine  dinner  was  served  to  all  in  less  tlian  an  hour. 

Royce  Yeomans,  President  of  Local  562,  who  was  master  of  ceremonies  introduced 
Brother  L.  L.  Helland,  the  only  living  charter  member  residing  in  Everett,  and  present- 
ed him  with  a  50  year  Membership  Pin.  Mrs.  Helland  was  also  introduced  and  presented 
with  a  bouquet. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Brother  Harry  Chapman,  tlie  other  living  charter  member. 
Harry  who  resides  in  California  said  he  was  unable  to  be  present  owing  to  poor  health. 
He  sent  his  best  wishes.    A  fifty-year  membership  pin  has  been  sent  to  Brotlier  Chapman. 

President  Yeomans  introduced  A.  F.  of  L.  Organizer,  John  S.  Thornbtirn;  International 
Representative  Walter  S.  Hankins;  Nelson  Lowe,  President  of  Washington  State  Council 
of  Carpenters;  Brother  Fisher,  Secretary  of  Seattle  District  Council  of  Carpenters;  Sid 
Hansen,  former  B.  A,  of  the  Seattle  District  Council  of  Carpenters;  and  otlier  visitors 
from  Seattle,  Tacoma,  and  other  places. 

A.  F.  of  L.  Organizer,  John  S.  Thornburn  congratulated  the  Local  on  its  good  record 
and  expressed  the  greetings  of  President  WiUiam  Green. 


38  T  H  E     C  A  R  P  E  X  T  E  R 

IritemaMcnal  Representative  Walter  S.  Hankins  brought  the  greetings  of  General 
President.  Williain  L.  Hutcheson,  who  was  tmable  to  be  present. 

Xelscr.  L    ve.  President  of  the  State  Council  of  Carpenters  also  spoke  briefly. 

H.  G.  ^^.'i]:er.  Treasurer  of  Loc-al  562.  gave  a  brief  history  of  the  Local  and  its 
acti^-ities  during  the  past  50  years. 

• 

LOCAL  UMON  246  PAYS  TKIBUTE  TO  ITS  YETS 

In  'keevin'Z  v.-^t?.  .-.  vi—y-yfir  cl£  -.r,^d:T::r.,  Lzzil  Union  No.  246,  New  York  City, 
recer.t'y  ■  :r.:rvd  ::_-  "  vTt:  r  :  .  :::'  :_;  v/ :  5i''  5er  :;e  in  either  World  War  I  or  World 
\\'^  II  •■:::-:  i  z?.l:-.  z -^—y  \r.d  5:::^:  rVrr^r.-.  Av.iy  back  after  the  close  of  World  War  I, 
Fir.  r.  :-_  Srirri^ry  Gm-  D.^rristadt  conceived  the  idea  of  honoring  the  veterans  among 
t^.T  .  .vi..  rr;  .iy  "  ::/.  i  syriirJ  night.  The  first  party  veas  such  a  success  that  it  became 
an  inr.Mil  ifr^ir  '  il.  "_.v  un:  n,  So  active  has  been  Brother  Darmstadt  in  promoting 
thr  v,r-r;.rr  :f  ■  r: vr;.r.i  ■-::!-.:-  ir.:-  union  that  these  ariTinal  affairs  have  come  to  be  known 
as  Dar:- _:id:  Xir  :.  This  years  y   r:    '  as  among  the  best. 

Many  g-aei"  syrakers  were  prt-rn:  to  honor  and  pay  homage  to  the  veterans  along 
v.iah  added  words  of  praise  for  Gus  Darmstadt  for  his  ^wholehearted  efforts  in  insti- 
tiating  an  honor  night  for  our  respected  veteran  brothers. 

General  Representative  Sam  Sutherland  gave  an  instructive  and  enlightening  address 
on  :::e  cenefits  of  lardonism,  and  like  many  great  organizers,  had  some  good  stories  to  telL 

Mr.  r  .  '  li  y  .  of  the  American  Red  Cross,  addressed  the  members  on  the  value 
ana  neieiiny  ::  re  Red  Cross  Blood  Bank.  His  talk  was  ■well  rendered  and  a  donation 
oi  ilOi  L  J  V.  =?   y   en  in  response  to  his  appeal  for  the  Red  Cross. 

President  Dcrnnar;-:  MandagHo  and  his  staff  of  Offic-ers  of  Local  Union  No.  385  ex- 
pressed the  good  wishes  of  tiieir  Local  Union  to  Brother  Darmstadt  and  the  \''eterans 
present. 

E  inneis  Agent  James  Ctmnin^iam  also  commended  Brother  Darmstadt  for  what  he 
has  dene  in  behalf  <rf  the  Veterans  ■welfare.  \^'ith  their  many  years  of  friendship  and 
cooperation,  he  stated  that  no  man  could  do  more  to  bring  harmony  into  his  Local  Union. 

The  speakers,  the  oflBcers  and  members  were  thanked  for  their  fine  cooperation  in 
making  this  night  a  grand  success;  after  which  aD.  were  invited  to  partake  of  a  buffet 
Inndi.  « 

0-\L\IL\  D.  C.  DEDICATES  NEW  HOME 

In  the  presence  of  himdxeds  c:  n  er  .ders  and  a  host  of  distinguished  guests,  the 
Omaha  District  Council  on  Satard^;  .  Ayrd  15.  dedicated  its  fine  ne^w-  home  at  Nineteenth 
and  Califonria  Streets  to  the  advancement  and  progress  of  organized  labor  in  Nebraska. 
The  Onnaha  carpenters  have  a  long  and  proud  histor\'  of  unionism.  For  over  sixty-five 
>ear5  d  =^  United  Brodieifaood  has  had  representatives  in  Nebraska's  No.  1  citjn  Through 
all  './..-  ;  ars,  tiirou^  good  times  and  bad,  Omaha  has  kept  the  United  Brotherhood 
baraaer  tljing.  Acquisition  of  its  own  home  brought  to  reality  a  dream  of  the  Omaha 
Disrrict  Council  tiiat  began  ■when  it  was  first  organized  some  thirty-one  \-ears   ago. 

Present  at  the  dedicatory-  ceremonies  were  Glenn  Cimnin^am,  Mayor  of  the  Cit>y 
and  WiUiam  Schribner  who  represented  the  General  Contractors  of  Nebraska.  Both  paid 
high  praise  to  the  patriotic  and  fair-minded  way  in  which  the  carpenters  of  Omaha  have 
conducted  their  business.  Featured  speaker  of  the  occasion  was  John  R.  Stevenson, 
Second  General  Vice-President,  who  conveyed  the  congratulations  and  best  wishes  of 
the  General  Office.  In  a  few  words.  Brother  Stevenson  outlined  the  philosophy  of  the 
Unired  Eritherhood  when  he  said:  "We  ask  nothing  of  anyone  except  the  right  to  do 
tinnr;   ::r  c-orselves." 

Jr  ;  -  :  r  d.e  Americanism  of  the  Omaha  District  Council  and  its  affihates  came  from 
\y-  :  n.er  _i_::nguished  guests;  A.  M.  Witzling,  president,  Omaha  Federation  of  Labor, 
and  Gordon  Preable,  president,  Nebraska  Federation  of  Labor.  Both  organizations 
have  their  offices  in  the  building. 

Other  speakers  wer  Elmer  DoweU,  Nebraska  AFh  organizer,  and  Walter  Andrews, 
Beatrice,  President,  State  Council  of  Carpenters.  The  Rev.  Francis  Belote,  Lowe  Avenue 
Presb>i:erian  Church,  gave  tiie  opening  prayer.  Clarence  Johnson,  Carpenters  District 
Council  president,  presided. 

The  Council  purchased  the  structure,  a  former  office  and  warehouse,  last  year.  It 
has  been  remodeled  and  decorated  at  a  cost  of  more  than  fifteen  thousand  dollars. 

Besides  the  Council  and  its  four  locals,  it  houses  10  other  labor  organizations  and 
serves  as  a  meeting  place  for  40  additional  groups. 


McCOOK  LADIES  USE  NOVEL  FUND  RAISING  PLAN 

The  Editor: 

Hi!  tliere,  all  sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  568  of  McCoolc,  Nebraska. 

We  organized  and  received  our  charter  March  1,  1950,  with  20  members.  We  urge  all 
wives,  motliers,  sisters  and  daughters  to  join  as  members. 

Our  roster  of  officers  is  as  follows:  President,  Mrs.  Pearl  Stilgebouer;  Vice-President,  Mrs. 
Roy  Little;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  Opal  Casper;  Financial  Secretary,  Mrs.  Mabel  Yoos; 
Treasurer,  Mrs.  Hazel  Ruby;  Conductor,  Mrs.  Thelma  Ruby;  Warden,  Mrs.  Maude  Squires; 
Trustees,  Mrs.  Imia  Adams,  Mrs.  Emily  Swendenburg  and  Mrs.  Howard  Goble. 

We  meet  the  second  and  f  oiurth  Wednesday  of  the  month  in  the  home  of  a  member  until 
we  are  financially  able  to  rent  a  hall. 

Since  we  had  no  funds,  v^'e  hit  on  the  idea  of  charging  each  member,  present  at  the 
meeting,  a  dime  for  her  lunch.   This  created  quite  a  lot  of  fun  and  laughter. 

To  increase  oiur  treasury,  we  recently  held  a  bake  sale;  also  we  are  planning  a  benefit 
card  party  which  we  hope  will  net  us  a  good  sum. 

We  would  Uke  to  see  this  in  "The  Carpenter,"  and  would  enjoy  any  suggestions  from 
other  sister  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  Opal  Casper,  Recording  Secretary. 


FORT  SMITH  LADIES  GET  AUXILIARY  UNDER  WAY 

rhe  Editor: 

Hello  to  all  our  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  newly  fonned  Auxiliary  No.  71  of  Fort  Smith, 
Arkansas. 

We  have  a  membership   of   15  and  have  just  received  our  charter   and   installed   our 
officers. 

Our  meetings  are  held  in  a  beautiful  hall  which  was  prepared  for  us  by  the  Carpenters. 

We  have  elected  delegates  to  attend  the  convention  which  meets  here  in  Fort  Smith 
)n  the  15tli,  16tli  and  17th  of  May. 

I      We  would  appreciate  ideas  and  suggestions  from   you  older  Auxiliaries. 
I  Fraternally, 

Mrs.  W.  W.  Duncan,  Recording  Secretary 


FAR  NORTH  GOING  STRONG 

rhe  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  527,  Anchorage,  Alaska,  sends  greetings  to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries. 
1      Our  Auxiliary,  the  first  organization  of  its  kind  in  Alaska,  was  formed  a  year  ago  with 
;leven  members.    The  membership  has  now  grown  to  sixty.    Thirteen  of  our  Brotliers  of 
he  Union  were  initiated  into  tlie  Ladies'  AuxiUary  at  our  Januar>'  meeting. 

We  have  had  several  fund-raising  projects,  among  which  were  two  bingo  parties,  a 
)ake  sale  and  refreshments  sale  at  the  benefit  dance  given  by  tlie  Carpenters'  Local  to 
aise  fvmds  to  help  finance  tlie  new  Carpenters'  Hall. 

We  have  a  committee  that  takes  care  of  sending  cards  and  flowers  to  the  sick. 

Fraternally, 
I  Ellen   Curtiss,   PubKcity  Agent. 


40  THECARPEXTER 

BUFFALO  LADIES   EN'JOY   \L\XY  FINE   E\"ENTS 
The  Editor: 

Le.dies'  Av.Tiliar}-  Xo.  125  of  Buffalo,  Xew  York,  takes  this  opportumt>-  to  say  "Hello" 
to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries  and  to  extend  a  cordial  in\'itation  for  ^lsits  or  correspondence 
vn^  vs. 

We  meet  on  the  fourdi  Thursday  of  each  month  at  Carpenters'  Hall. 

Our  annual  banquet,  which  is  held  in  March  with  our  husbands  as  guests,  is  a  really- 
grand  affair. 

Ehiring  the  summer,  our  family  picnic  with  entertainment  for  children  and  adults  is 
eagerly  anticipated. 

We  have  our  in^romptu  parties  for  raising  funds  and  a  dark  horse  and  blanket  club 
are  regvilar  items  of  our  monthly  meetings. 

Our  Christmas  party,  with  exchange  of  gifts,  decorations  and  special  buffet  supper,  is 
financed  by  Christmas  stocking  offerings,  starting  at  one  cent  to  twelve  cents,  acciimulative 
monthly. 

We  remember  tiie  local  men  at  Lakeland,  Florida,  at  Christmas. 

Recently  our  Auxiliary  attended  a  local  breakfast  radio  broadcast  and  as  winning  con- 
testant, our  President  Rosalie  ^IcCoy,  had  the  opportunitj'  of  broadcasting  one  of  our  ainn; 
—■"the  purchase  at  Union-made  goods." 

Fraternally, 

Helen  M.  Hanssel,  Recording  Secretary. 


TEX.ARK\XA  LADIES  FORM  AUXLLLARY 
The  Editor: 

On  May  4,  1950,  Mr.  JoVq  Howat,  of  Shreveport,  Louisiana,  came  to  Texarkana,  Texas, 
to  in^ran  the  charter  of  the  newly  organized  Auxiliary'  Xo.  576. 

Mr.  Howat  was  certainly  splendid  and  the  laxhes  received  him  w^arm-heartedly.  The 
information  which  he  gave  to  us  on  organizing  was  gratefully  received  since  we  are  just 
a  beginner.  Meedless  to  say,  \Fe  truly  appreaate  the  time  and  effort  he  spent  on  preparing 
£or  this  occasion. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  Jack  Tallant,  Secretar>?  and  Reporter 


MADISOX  AUXILL\EY  SUPPORTS  \L\XY  WORTHY  CAUSES 
The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  430,  Madison,  Wisconsin. 

We  were  organized  X'ovember  3,  1944,  and  now  have  a  membership  of  about  95  mem- 
bers. 

We  meet  everj'  second  and  fourth  Wednesday  at  the  Labor  Temple.  The  first  is  a 
social  evening,  the  second  a  business  meeting.  After  each  meeting,  we  ser^e  a  lundi  to 
which  the  men  are  in\ited. 

At  one  of  our  first  meetings,  we  had  a  kitchen  shower.  Eadi  member  brought  kitchen 
ntensik,  dish  towels,  etc.    The  men  of  Local  314  built  cupboards  for  their  storage. 

The  Hattie  Dunn  Memorial  Fund  is  our  birthday  club,  which  is  named  in  memory  ol 
oiu-  oldest,  and  also  one  of  our  best-loved  charter  members.  Each  month,  those  ha\ing 
birthda>-s,  c-ontribute  one  penny  for  each  year  of  their  age.  We  have  contributed  to  many; 
worth\rhile  charities  from  this  fund.  To  mention  a  few— Cancer  Research,  Heart  Associa- 
tion, Crippled  Children,  and  European  ReUef . 

Our  Sunshine  Fund  is  for  cards,  handkerchiefs,  and  plants  for  oiu"  members  who  are  ilLf 

Tw^o  of  our  most  interesting  projects  this  year  have  been  making  layettes  for  need}' 
famihes  for  the  Visiting  Nurses'  Association  and  cancer  dressings  and  slings  for  a  local' 
hospital. 

Each  year,  we  cooperate  with  the  men  in  staging  a  Christmas  pariy^  for  the  childre 
We  also  have  several  card  parties,  help  the  men  with  their  anmial  picnic  for  the  familie: 
and  with  the  Labor  Day  parade. 

We  read  "The  Carpenter,"  and  enjo>-  hearing  about  the  acti^"ities  of  other  Auxiharies. 

Fraternally. 

Mrs.  Mar>-  J.  Ehoshan,  Recording  Secretar>- 


THE    CARPENTER  41 

GARY  LADIES   HOLD  3rd  ANNIVERSARY  PARTY 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  471,  Gary,  Indiana,  held  its  3rd  Anniversary  party  on  Thursday, 
April  20,  1950,  at  the  Labor  Temple. 

Bunco  was  played  and  prizes  were  won  by  Mrs.  Hugh  Washburn,  Mrs.  Earl  Wilson 
and  Mrs.  Edward  Fliegle.    Door  prizes  were  won  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Frank  Schwartz. 

A  buffet  lunch  was  served.  A  tliree-tiered  birthday  cake,  topped  with  three  candles,  was 
placed  in  the  center  of  the  attractively  decorated  table.  The  husbands  of  the  members  were 
invited  in  for  refreshments  after  their  meeting. 

The  regular  business  meetings  are  held  the  first  Thursday  of  each  month  at  the  Labor 
Temple  and  on  the  third  Thursday,  a  social  meeting  is  held. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  Zelva  Jarabek,  Recording  Secretary' 
• 

SACRAMENTO  AUXILIARY   ROUNDS    OUT  20   ACTIVE    YEARS 

The  Editor: 

Hello  to  all  our  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  240  of  Sacramento,  Calif. 

We  are  just  a  small  group,  but  hope  to  get  more  members  as  time  goes  by. 

Our  meetings  our  held  in  different  homes  of  the  members  on  the  first  and  third  Friday 
of  each  month.    On  the  third  Friday,  we  serve  refreshments  to  our  husbands. 

We  have  made  two  quilts.  On  one  of  them  is  inscribed  the  names  of  almost  all  the 
Auxiliary  ladies  and  their  husbands.  We  have  also  made  dish  towels,  tea  towels,  pillow 
cases  and  aprons.    Now  we  are  planning  a  card  party  for  the  last  of  this  month. 

On  the  29th  of  April,  we  had  our  20th  birthday  dinner  which  was  well  attended.  Our 
master  of  ceremonies  was  Brother  Ted  Westerman  who  called  on  all  the  officers  for  a  short 
speech.  We  were  honored  in  having  eleven  charter  members  with  us.  At  the  close  of  the 
evening,  we  raffled  off  our  Friendship  quilt.    This  was  won  by  one  of  our  members. 

We  would  like  to  exchange  letters  and  ideas  with  our  Sister  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally, 

Ida  Bryan,  Publicity  Chairman 


HERMISTON  AUXILIARY  KEEPS  ACTIVE 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  our  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  429  of  Hermiston,  Oregon. 
We  have  had  quite  a  bit  of  fun  during  the  past  year.    First,  we  had  a  Christmas  party 
and  a  big  dinner  for  the  carpenters  and  their  families.    Then,  we  rafHed  off  some  cakes, 
donating  the  proceeds  to  the  March  of  Dimes. 

We  would  appreciate  hearing  from  other  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally, 

Florence  Russell,  Recording  Secretary. 


SPRINGFIELD,  MO.,  AUXILIARY  CELEBRATES   5th  BIRTHDAY 

iThe  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  431,  Springfield,  Missouri,  sends  greetings  to  all  Sister  Avixiliaries, 
and  special  greetings  to  Jefferson  City,  Kansas  City  and  St.  Louis. 

It  has  been  several  years  since  we  have  made  a  report  on  our  members. 
In  November,  1949,  we  celebrated  our  fifth  anniversary.  Carpenters'  Local  978  gave 
r us  a  wonderful  dinner,  prepared  and  served  by  some  of  tlieir  members.  A  year  ago,  they 
fgave  us  a  beautiful,  modern  kitchen  for  which  we  are  so  grateful  and  very  proud. 
!  Last  September,  we  met  at  Bennett  Springs,  Mo.,  with  some  of  the  Jefferson  City 
■ladies  and  their  families.  We  had  a  grand  picnic  and  got  better  acquainted  with  our  "up- 
state" sisters. 

We  are  doing  the  usual  tilings  to  keep  our  treasury  in  funds— pie  suppers,  bake  sales, 
rummage  sales.    We  also  make  aprons  and  sell  them  at  every  opportunity. 

We  will  be  happy  to  hear  from  some  of  our  Sister  Auxiliaries  in  far-awa>-  places. 

Fraternally, 

LaVerne  Paulv,  Recording  Secretary. 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 

By  H.  H.  Siegele. 
LESSON  261 
Backing  Hips  and  Valleys.— Every  roof 
framer  should  know  how  to  back  hip  and 
valley  rafters.  In  practice,  however,  the 
backing  is  usually  omitted.  This  is  especial- 
ly true  when  the  rafters  are  made  of  what  is 
called  2-incli  stuff.  But  since  no  one  can 
tell  in  advance  what  the  requirements  will 
be  on  the  next  job,  the  roof  framer  should 
be  prepared  to  master  anything  that  he 
might  be  called  on  to  do,  and  that  includes 
backing  hip  and  valley  rafters. 


.^ 

Jl 

/  / 
/  / 
/  / 

/  /  // 
/  /  // 

/  1/ 

\; 

?^:----. 

^ 

b 

2! 

^1 

''w 

> 

' 

u 


Fig.  1 


Rule  for  Backing.— A  simple  rule  for  ob- 
taining the  bevel  for  backing  hips  and  val- 
leys is:  Take  the  length  of  the  rafter  on  tlie 
blade  of  the  square  and  the  rise  on  the 
tongue,  the  tongue  giving  tlie  bevel.  To 
make  this  practical,  let  inches  on  the  square 
represent  feet.  In  the  diagram  shown  in 
Fig.  1,  inches  on  the  square  represent  feet 
on  the  drawing.  This  diagram  shows  one 
comer  of  a  hip  roof.  The  hip  rafter  is 
shown    in    triangular    fonn,    as    if    it   were 


Fig.  2 

lying  on  tlie  side,  in  which  c-b  is  the 
run;  b-a,  the  rise,  and  a-c,  the  rafter.  Now 
set  the  compass  at  point  a,  and  make  a-d 
equal  to  a-b,   as   indicated   by  tlie   dotted 


part-circle.  The  square,  as  shown,  is  ap-| 
plied  to  the  right-angle  triangle,  c-a-d,  in' 
which  c-a  is  the  rafter  length;  a-d,  the  rise, 
and  d-c  the  diagonal  distance,  or  hypotne- 


nuse.  The  run  of  tlie  common  rafter  in 
diagram.  Fig.  1,  is  given  as  12  feet,  and 
assuming  that  the  rise  is  8  feet,  it  will  be' 
an  easy  matter  to  find  the  figures  to  be 
used  on  the  square.  The  run  of  the  hip 
would  be  17  feet,  minus.  Now  the  diagonal 
distance  between  17  and  8  would  be  ap- 
proximately 18  %  inches.  Then  18  %  on  the 
body  of  the  square,  and  8  on  the  tongue, 
would  be  the  points  to  use  for  marking  the 
bevel  for  the  backing.  Fig.  2  shows  the 
square  applied  to  a  piece  of  rafter  material 
for  marking  the  backing  bevels,  to  tlie  left 
of  a  hip,  and  to  the  right  of  a  valley.   These 


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ROOF  FRAMING.— 175  p.  and  437  il.  Root  framing 
complete.    Other  problems.  Including  saw  filing.    $2.50. 

CONCRETE  CONSTRUCTION.- Has  159  p..  426  il., 
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670   il..   and   about  7.000   building  trade  terms.     $3.00. 

You  can't  go  wrong  if  you  buy  this  whole  set. 

THE   FIRST   LEAVES.— Poetry.    Only  $1.00. 

TWIGS   OF    THOUGHT.— Poetry.     Only   $1.00. 

FREE. — With  3  books,  one  poetry  book  free,  with  5 
books,  two,  and  with  6  books,  three.  (With  less  than  3 
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Books   autographed.    Five-day   Money-back   guarantee. 

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THE    CARPENTER 


bevels,  which  are  the  same,  should  be  taken 
on  a  bevel  square,  with  which  tlie  marking 
can  be  done  conveniently. 

Another  Backing  Method.— Fig.  3  shows 
another  way  to  get  the  bevel  for  backing 
hips  and  valleys.    The  diagram  again  shows 


^"-y 


"•^  ■^^ ' 


ii 

/  /  I  \  V 

I  '  \  \\ 


/    / 
/    / 

/    '         I 


12,  on  the  body  of  the  square,  and  point  X 
on  the  tongue,  the  latter  gives  the  bevel. 

Fig.  4  shows,  to  the  left,  a  cross  section 
of  a  rafter  timber  with  a  dotted  line  through 
the  center.  At  tlie  center,  by  dotted  line 
squares,  is  shown  how  the  square  is  ap- 
phed  to  the  center  line  to  get  tlie  two  bevels 
for  the  backing.  The  points  used  on  these 
apphcations  are  the  same  as  tliose  shown 
by  square  No.  2,  Fig.  3.  To  the  right  the 
backing  is  shown  with  the  square  removed. 

Backing  for  Irregular  Pitch  Hips  and 
Valleys.—  Fig.  5  shows  a  diagram  of  an 
irregular  pitch  hip  rafter  on  the  side,  re- 
presented by  the  triangle  c-b-a.  Now  draw 
h-i  at  a  right  angle  to  c-a,  and  d-e  at  right 
angles  to  c-b,  crossing  point  i.  With  a 
compass   set  at  point  i,   make   i-g  equal  to 


^ 


V-i 


I 

Fig.  4 


a  corner  of  a  hip  roof  with  the  hip  rafter 
lying  on  the  side.  Here  c-d  gives  tlie  run; 
d-e,  tlie  rise,  and  e-c  the  rafter  length.  Now 
draw  f-d  at  a  right  angle  to  tlie  rafter  line, 
and  with  a  compass  set  at  d,  make  d-g 
equal  to  d-f.  At  right  angles  to  c-d,  draw 
a-b,  crossing  point  d.  Join  points  a  and  b 
widi  point  g,  as  shown  by  dotted  lines. 
The  be\'els  for  the  backing,  which  are  again 
the  same,  are  shown  on  the  enlarged  cross 
section  of  the  hip  at  point  g.    How  to  get 


•Ha/f  Tjiickness  of  Timber- 

Fig.  6 


Fu/I  Thickncj* 
of  Umber 


i-d,  and  i-f  equal  to  i-e.  Join  point  h,  with 
point  g,  and  also  with  point  f.  The  bevels 
for  tlie  backing  will  be  found  on  the  cross 
section  of  the  rafter  shown  at  h.  The  ap- 
phcation  of  the  square  to  get  the  bevels, 
is  the  same  as  explained  in  Figs.  3  and  4. 

Practical  Backing  Methods.— At  A,  Fig. 
6,  is  shown  a  plan  in  part,  of  the  toe  of  a  hip 
rafter,  and  by  the  dotted  Hnes  tlie  toe  of 
the  valley,  marked  X,  X.  The  main  drawing, 
marked  B,  is  a  side  view  of  tlie  bottom  part 
of  the  hip  rafter.  Now  draw  the  two  per- 
pendicular dotted  hues  from  the  plan.  A,  to 


^C__. 


Fig.  5 

the  points  to  be  used  on  the  square  is 
shown  by  the  applications  of  squares  No.  1 
and  No.  2.  For  application  No.  1,  shown 
in  part  by  dotted  Unes,  take  the  base  of  the 
triangle   on   the  body,   and  tlie   altitude   on 

J  the   tongue,    the    tongue    giving   tlie    bevel. 

I*  For  application  No.  2,  take  the  base  figure. 


Those  Loose  ?w\kA-Ovtt  ScxQ^ai 
Can  be  V\x&A  in  a  Jiffy 

ELREDNE 

DOOR  HINGE  TIGHTENER 

Will  anchor  screws  quickly  and  easily 
No  more  plugging  or  removing  trim  For 
blocking.  All  you  need  is  a  hammer  and 
screw  driver.  Door  Hinges,  Strike  Plates, 
Locks,  Garage  Door  Hinges  made  perman- 
ently tight. 

Price  for  8  tighteners  compktQ 
enough  for  U  loose  hinges 

^1.00  prepaid;  -  No   C.  O.  D. 

ELREDNE  CO., Box  69,lrvington,  N.J. 


44 


THE    CARPENTER 


the  toe  of  the  side  view,  B.  The  distance 
between  these  two  hnes  is  the  distance 
from  the  point  of  the  foot  cut  to  the  be- 
ginning of  the  dotted  Hne  that  runs  paral- 
lel with  the  pitch  of  the  rafter.  This  line 
gives  the  depth  of  the  backing,  as  shown 
by  the  two  cross  sections  on  the  main  draw- 
ing, one  of  which  is  for  a  hip  and  the  other 
is  for  a  vallev.  The  bevels  are  the  same,  and 


-Thickness  of  Hip 


■•Toe  o/-Hip  and  VaWe^j 

Fig.  7 


Tall  Diicknejs 
of  Timber 


should   be   taken   on    a  bevel  square    with 
which  the  marking  can  be  done. 

A  similar  diagram  is  shown  by  Fig.  7. 
Here  the  problem  is  to  get  the  bevels  for 
backing  irregular  pitch  hip  and  valley  raft- 
ers. At  A  is  shown  a  plan  of  a  corner,  in 
part,  giving  the  toe  of  the  hip  rafter,  and 
by  dotted  lines,  the  toe  of  the  corresponding 
valley  rafter,  marked  X,  X.  The  two  per- 
pendicular dotted  lines  that  run  from  the 
toe  to  the  rafter  plan,  marked  A,  to  the 
toe  of  the  side  view  of  the  rafter,  marked 
B,  give  the  distance  from  the  point  of  the 
foot  cut  to  the  beginning  of  tlie  dotted  line 


Fig.  8 

that  runs  parallel  with  the  rafter  pitch. 
This  line  marks  the  depth  of  the  backing, 
as  shown  by  tlie  two  cross  sections.  One 
of  these  is  for  a  hip  rafter  and  the  other 
is  for  a  valley  rafter.  Compare  and  study 
Figs.  6  and  7. 


Different  Backing  for  Different  Angles.— 

Fig.  8  shows,  to  the  left,  four  plans  in  part, 
of  four  corners,  each  having  a  different 
angle.  The  toes  of  the  backed  hips  are 
shown  in  place,  somewhat  shaded.  The 
dotted  lines  that  run  parallel  with  the  pitch- 
of  the  rafter  shown  in  part,  to  the  right, 
give  the  depth  of  the  backing  for  the  four 
different  hip  rafters,  shown  in  part  to  the 
left.  The  figures  just  below  the  foot  cut 
of  the  rafter  to  the  right,  show  the  same 
distance  on  the  foot  cut,  as  is  shown  on  the 
different  corners,  and  numbered  correspond- 
ingly the  same.  The  distance  at  1,  directly 
under  the  foot  cut,  is  the  same  as  the  dis- 
tances 1,  1,  shown  on  the  plans  to  the  left; 
the  distance  2,  is  the  same  as  the  distances 
2,  2,  and  3  is  the  same  as  3,  3.  The  dis- 
tance 4  goes  to  the  extreme,  and  is  the  same 
as  the  distances  4,  4.  The  angle  for  this 
hip  is  very  sharp,  such  as  is  rarely  found 
in  practice.lt  is  given  here  merely  to  give 
a  definite  contrast  between  it  and  the  other 
angles.  For  the  corresponding  valleys,  the.^ 
backing  is  the  same,  but  in  reverse  order. 
Lightly  shaded  cross  sections  are  shown 
on  the  part  of  the  rafter  at  1,  2,  3,  and  4. 


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IN  HARD  OR  SOFT  WOOD 


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SPEEDS  DOOR  HANGING 

Light,  precise  steel 
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butt  hing- 
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SUPER  99  SQUARE 

TWW 


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Light,  precision 
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stringers,   hip   and 


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when  you  use  a 

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with  this  protractor-bevel-square  you  can  Instant- 
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HOW    TO    CUT    RAFTERS 


^ 


It's  new  . . .  NOW 

New  vest  pocket  books  gives  lengths,  side  cuts,  plumb  I 
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CARPENTRY  ESTIMATING 
If  you  are  an  apprentice  estimator  you  will  want  this  man- 
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STEP    BY   STEP    HOUSE    FRAMING    DETAILS 

Step  by  step  house  framing  details  is  another  of  the 
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top  of  roof.     Price   $2.00 

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BUILDERS'  TOPICS 

1512   Market  St.  Seattle   7,   Wa«h. 

NOTICE— ALL  THE  ABOVE  FOUR  MANUALS  WILL 
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HOME  BUILDERS 
SHORT-CUTS 

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Contents   include:   88  handy   ways   to   use   tools; 
37  ideas   for  work  benches  and  attachments;    62 
work-saving    ways    to    use    portable    equipment; 
39  suggestions   on   excavations,   foundations   and 
forms;  32  methods  for  making  sills,  gird- 
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on    exterior   and    interior   wall    con- 
struction;    36     short-cuts 
roof   and    bay   construction; 
19   tips    on   making    cor- 
nices    and     porches; 
54    ideas    for    inter- 
ior   wall    covering 
and  trim;   27  helps 
on     stair    construc- 
tion;    37     window 
suggestions;    54   ide- 
as     for     installing 
doors;      29     tips     on 
closets,    shelves    and 
built-in      equipment; 
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35   aids   in   installing 
sanitary    equipment; 
44  short-cuts   in  lay- 
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MONROVIA,  CALIFORNIA       ^[^^^r» 


STAIR  GAGES 

(Angle  Gages) 

The  handiest  little  devices  you  ever 
had  in  your  tool  box.  Easily  carried 
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DO  YOU  KNOW  HOW  TO 

Raise    a    sagging    beam 

without  using  a  jack? 
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board   irithout    ripping 

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7  REASONS  WHY 
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B  .............  1  —  Solid     brass    joints,    rust- 

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PRECISION  TOOLS 
BARRIE,  ONTARIO 


New- Butt  Mortise  Plane 

"Made  by  a  Carpenter  for  Carpenter's' 

•  Hang  Doors  Quicker 
and  Better 
•  Unifonn  Depth 

$415 


Cuts  Clean  and  Even 

•  Also  for  Lock 
Fronts,  Striking 
Plates  Etc. 

•  Easy  To  Use 


SIMPLE  TO  OPERATE -HERE'S  HOW 

1.  Use  Chisel  as  Shown  in  Illustration. 

2.  Set  Butt  Mortise  Plane  blade  for  depth  by 
holding  plane  bottom  side  up  and  placing  hinge 
in  front  of  blade. 

8.  Push  Blade  Through  Until  Flush  with  Hinge, 
tighten  thumbscrew.  (If  door  has  bevel,  set 
hinge   a   trifle   deeper.) 

4.  Plane  out  remainder  of  wood  in  both  directiona 
by  reversing  plane.    Repeat  operation  on  jamb. 

Over  all  Size  9W-Blade  13/16" 
Cash    with    Order,    $4.15    Prepaid.      If    0.    0.    D., 
postage  extra. 

WDLBERT  DOHMEYER 

Rte.   1,  Box   155,  Crete,   Illinois 


MACHINE   SAW  FILING  

PAYS  UP  TO  $2  or  $3  an 
bourn  With  a  Foley  Saw  Filer  you  can  file 
all  hand  saws,  also  band  and  cross-cut  cir- 
cular saws.  It  is  easy  to  operate — simple 
adjustments — no  eyestrain.  Start  AT  HOME 
In  basement  or  garage.  Patented  jointing 
principle  evens  up  all  irregular  teeth  and 
makes  an  old  saw  cut  just  like  new. 

Send  for  FREE  BOOK 

"Independence  After  40" 

No    canvassing    necessary — "I    ad- 
vertised   in    our    local    paper    and 
got  in  93  saws — I  only  work  spare 
time  at  present"  saya  M. 
L.     Thompson.      Leo     H. 
Mix,     writes:      "I     made 
about      $900      i  n      spare 
time     last     year."      Free 
Book    shows   how    you    can 
start     in     spare     time     at 
home    with    small    invest- 
ment.   Send   coupon   today 
-no   salesman  wiU  call. 


NOTICE 


The  publishers  of  "The  Carpenter"  reaerre  the 
right  to  reject  all  advertising  matter  which  may 
be,  in  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America. 

All  Contracts  for  advertising  space  in  "The  Car- 
penter," including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellable, are  only  accepted  subject  to  the  above 
reserved  rights  of  the  publisheTS. 


Index  of  Advertisers 


Carpenters'  Tools  and  Accessories 

Page 

The    American    Floor    Surfacing 

Machine     Co.,    Toledo,    Ohio__        47 

Burr  Mfg.  Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.        44 

Carlson    &    Sullivan,    Inc.,    Mon- 
rovia, Cal. 46 

Cedarburg  Mfg.  Co.,  Minneapolis, 

Minn.      4 

Robert  H.   Clark  Co.,  Beverly 

Hills,    Calif.    44 

Corvtreld  Supply  Co.,  Los  Angeles, 

Calif.    45 

Wilbert  Dohmeyer,  Crete,   111 48 

Dremel  Mfg.  Co.,  Racine,  Wis 45 

Eliason    Tool    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn.     3rd  Cover 

Elredne  Co.,  Irvington,  N.  J 43 

E-Z    Mark    Tools,    Los    Angeles, 

Cal.     4 

Foley    Mfg.    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn.      48 

The    Lufkin    Rule    Co.,    Saginaw, 

Mich. 47 

A.   D.   McBurney,   Los   Angeles, 

Calif.    45 

North    Bros.   Mfg.    Co.,   Philadel- 
phia, Pa. 46 

Stanley    Tools,    New    Britain, 

Conn.     3rd  Cover 

Welliver  &  Sons,  Rockford,  lll.__        46 

Carpentry  Materials 

The  Upson  Co.,  Lockport,  N.  Y._  1 

Doors 

Overhead    Door    Corp.,    Hartford 

City,   Md. 4th  Cover 

Technical  Courses  and  Books 

American    Technical    Society, 

Chicago,    111. 47 

Audel    Publishers,    New    York, 

N.    Y.    3rd  Cover 

Builders   Topics,  Seattle,  Wash.-        45 

Chicago    Technical    College,    Chi- 
cago,    111.    3 

H.   H.   Siegele,   Emporia,   Kans. 42 

Simmons-Boardman    Publishing 

Corp.,  New  York,  N.  Y 46 

Tamblyn  System,  Denver,  Colo._        47 


KEEP  THE  MONEY 
IN   THE    FAMILY! 

PATRONIZE 
ADVERTISERS 


/my 

STANLEY  NO.  700 
WOODWORKER'S  VISE 


Completely  New — Stanley  No.  700.  Grips  work 
firm  and  fast.  Can  be  quickly  attached  to  a  saw- 
horse,  bench,  or  handy  projection.  Extra-strong, 
made  of  malleable  iron,  yet  lightweight,  easy  to 
carry.  New,  "L"  shaped  jaws  hold  work  secure, 
vertically  as  well  as  horizontally.  Replaceable, 
tempered  presdwood  jaw  faces  protect  work. 
Jaws  open  to  33^".  Attractive  grey  enamel  finish 
with  red  trim,  rust-proof  steel  screw  parts  nickel- 
plated.  Stanley  Tools,  New  Britain,  Connecticut. 


THE  TOOL  BOX  OF  THE  WORLD 

[STANLEY] 

Reg.  U.S.  Pat.  Off. 

HARDWARE    «  TOOLS 
ECTRIC  TOOLS    •   STEEL  STRAPPING    . 


Clamps  anywhere  on  bench 
STEEL     for  ordinary  work. 


Clamps  on  sawhorse  or  edge 
of  bench  for  doors,  sash,  etc. 


Measuring   tread  or  riser 

ELIASON  STAIR  GUAGE 

.  Saves  HALF  Your  Time 
Building  Staircases 

\\\  10  second.s  yon  get  correct  length 
and  angle  for  stair  tread.s.  risers,  clo.s- 
et  shelves,  ready  to  mark  board.  Each 
end  pivots  and  locks  at  any  angle. 
Length  adjustable  for  20"  up.  Saves  a 
day  or  more,  increases  your  profits  .$20 
to  $30  on  each  .shiircase.  Fully  guar- 
anteed. 

Only  $12.95  cash  with  order, 
or  C.O.D.  phis  postage. 

EUASON  TOOL  COMPANY 

2121    E.  56th  St.,     Minneapolis    17,  Minn. 

Marking    board    for    perfect    fit 


AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

4vois.^6 


InsIdeTrade  Information 

for  Carpenters,  Builders ,  Join- 
ers, Baildins  Mechanics  and  all 
Woodworliers.  These  Guides 
give  yoQ  the  short-cut  instruc- 
tions  that  you  want — including 
new  methods,  ideas,  solutions, 
plans,  systems  and  money  sav- 
ing  sQggestions.  An  easy  pro- 
gressive course  for  the  appren- 
tice and  student.  A  practical 
daily  helper  and  Quick  Refer- 
ence for  the  master  worker. 
Carpentera  everywhere  are  us- 
ing these  Guides  as  a  Helping 
Hand  to  Easier  Work.  Better 
Work  and  Better  Pay.  To  get 
this    assistance    for   yourself. 

ily  fiilhi  and  _ 
mail 


nply  till  in  and 

lil  FREE  COUPON  below. 


Inside  Trade  Information  On: 

How  to  use  the  steel  square— How  to  file  and 

set  saws — ^How  to  build  furniture— How  to  use 

a  mitre  box — How  to  use  the  chalk  line — How 

to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 

Carpenters    arithmetic — Solving   mensuration 

problems — Estimating  strength  ol  timbers — 

How  to  set  girders  and  silis — How  to  frame 

houses  and  roofs — How  to  estimate  costs — How 

to  build  houses,  barns,  garages,  bungalows,  etc. 

— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 

specifications — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 

settings  12, 13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 

to  build  hoists  and  scaffolds — skylights — How 

to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  interior  trim —    , 

How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors — How  to  paint, 

AUDEL,  Publishers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  York  10,  N.  Y. 

Mail  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  on  7  days'  tree 
trial.  If  OK  I  will  remit  $1  in  7  days  and  $1  monthly  until  $6  is  paid. 
—Otherwise  I  will  return  them.  No  obligation  unless  I  am  satisfied. 


Name- 


Occupation- 


Employed  by- 


CAB 


■I 


SmU  oj-  (iumtij  / 


•  The  trade  mark  of  The  "OVERHEAD  DOOR,"  a  symbol  of  quality,  appears 
on  every  "OVERHEAD  DOOR"  lock  handle.  Like  all  hardware  for  the  door, 
the  handsome,  chrome-plated  lock  handle  functions  perfectly  and  gives 
long  lasting  service,  jts  design  permits  a  convenient,  firm  grip  and  the 
door,  because  of  its  expertly  engineered  counterbalancing  device,  lifts 
upward  and  out  of  the  way  with  only  a  minimum  of  effort. 

Any  "OVERHEAD  DOOR"  may  be  manually  or  electrically  operated, 
whether  for  residential,  commercial,  rural  or  industrial  use.  Specify  this 
quality  door  .  .   .  quality  cuts  costs! 


TRACKS  AND  HARDWARE  a/  Sa^g  S/ira^  SteU 


MIRACLE      WEDGE      ^  'JUttiOH  7(/Uc     Sales  -  Installation  -  ServH 

OVERHEAD  DOOR  CORPORATION  •  Hartford  City,  Indiana,  U.S.A, 


MANUFACTURING     DIVISIONS 


CORTIANO,  NEW  YOU 
CAUAS,  TEXAS 


fHE 


MPENTER 


FOUNDED    1881 


Official  Publication  of  the 
UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS  of  AMERICA 


JULY,  1950 


^i;\  B|f4%;. 


Be  sure  your 
Local  Union 
books  a  showing 
of  these  two 
United  Brother- 
hood films — 


THIS  IS  YOUR  BROTHERHOOD 


and 


CARPENTERS  HOME 


552Si7v^^2Si^i^i^i3^v^^i^i^ 


Produced  by  authorization  of  the  General  Executive  Board, 
these  two  films— in  color  and  sound— show  the  General  Office  in 
action  and  the  Lakeland  Home  taking  care  of  old  time  members. 
There  is  no  charge  for  the  use  of  these  films.  They  are  loaned  out 
by  the  General  Office  on  a  first  come,  first  served  basis,  to  Locals, 
Councils  and  Auxiliaries.  If  you  haven't  seen  these  films,  urge  your 
Local  Union  to  book  a  showing  as  soon  as  possible.  Take  it  up  at 
the  next  meeting.  Full  details  may  be  obtained  by  dropping  a 
note  to: 

Maurice  A.  Hutcheson, 

First   General   Vice-President, 
Carpenters  Bldg.,  222  E.  Michigan  St. 
Indianapolis  4,  Indiana. 


2/^)^j££5£^;^5£^:^:^:^;^;^;^;^;s;^;^;^;^;^>e^;^^;^:^xsfi!e£;£^:^sfi^;^;^;5e£^;;£ic;^ 


ARE  YOU  MISSING 

THESE  PROFITABLE  UPSON 

CEILING  JOBS? 


i   Cracked,  Unsightly  and  Unsafe 
Ceilings  Are  Everywhere! 

Independent  surveys  show  that  two  out  of 
ery  three  homes  have  one  or  more  rooms 
ith  cracked  ceilings  in  need  of  repair, 
our  own  survey  will  prove  this  statement. 

Think  what  that  means  to  you. 

It  means  truly  that  the  carpenter  who 
/eciahzes  in  re-covering  cracked  ceilings 

never  out  of  a  job! 

Patching  and  makeshift  ceiling  repairs 
Idom  satisfy — seldom  last. 

Re-covering  Cracked  Ceilings 
Rightfully  Is  YOUR  Job 

With  Upson  Kuver-Krak  Panels,  you 
ive  in  your  hands — the  only  means  of 
jplying  a  permanent  ceiling  of  enduring 
jauty — right  over  cracked  plaster. 

Only  you  as  a  carpenter  can  save  the 


Amazing  Upson  Floating  Fasteners 
anchor  panels  securely  from  the  back. 
Eliminate  visible  face  nailing.  Pro- 
vide for  normal  structural  movement. 


housewife  from  the  ordeal  of  rg-plastering. 
Only  you  can  save  her  from  the  seeping, 
floating,  gritty  white  dust  that  causes 
needless  housecleaning  drudgery. 

With  Upson  Kuver-Krak  Panels,  you 
can  build  a  ceUing  that  will  be  forever 
crackproof — a  ceiling  that  should  last  as 
long  as  the  house  itself. 

Pleasant  Inside  Work 

You'll  enjoy  Upson  Ceiling  jobs — be 
proud  of  them  too.  It's  work  you  can  do 
the  year  'round — regardless  of  weather. 
Upson  Kuver-Krak  Panels  are  clean,  hght 
in  weight,  easy  to  handle  and  easy  to  apply. 

Nearly  all  lumber  dealers  carry  them  in 
stock.  Mouldings,  furring  strips,  Upson 
No.  2  Fasteners  are  all  you  need. 

Be  sure  to  insist  on  5-ply  Kuver-Krak 
Panels.  They  are  especially  designed  for 
re-covering  cracked  ceilings.  Every  panel 
is  plainly  naarked,  "Kuver-Krak."  Accept 
no  substitute! 

We  Can  Help  You  Get 
Upson  Ceiling  Jobs 

Thousands  of  inquiries  from  our  national 
advertising  are  being  referred  to  lumber 
dealers  constantly.  If  you  would  hke  to 
becorae  an  Upson  Ceihng  Expert,  send  the 
coupon  below.  We'll  put  you  in  touch  with 
the  Upson  Dealer  in  your  community. 
Send  the  coupon  now. 


THE      UPSON       COMPANY    437    Upson    point,    Lockport,    New    York 

Send  me  Application  Instructions  and  name  of  my 


I  would  like  to  become  an  Upson  Ceiling  Expert 
nearest  Upson  Dealer. 


STREET- 
CITY 


THE^C^NTCR 


Trade   Mark  Reg.   March,    1913 


llllllllllllllll 


A  Monthly   Journal,   Owned   and   Published    by   the   United    Brotherhood   of    Carpenters    and    Joiner 
of  America,  for  all  its  Members  of  all  its  Branches. 

PETER  E.  TERZICK,  Editor 

Carpenters'  Building,  222  E.  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis  4,  Indiana 


Established  In  1881 
Vol.  LXX — No.  7 


INDIANAPOLIS,   JULY,    1950 


One   Dollar  Per  Yeai 
Ten  Cents  a  Copj 


—  Con  tents  — 


What  Featherbedding; 


A  team  of  English  building  tradesmen  visits  this  country  to  study  American  building 
techniques.  In  its  report  to  the  English  Government,  this  team  discloses  that  the  American 
building  tradesman  produces  fully  50%  more  per  day  than  does  his  English  brother.  If 
this  is  so,  what  license  do  U.  S.  papers  have  to  rant  about  "featherbedding"  in  our  con- 
struction trades?  The  answer  is  they  have  none.  The  U.  S.  worker  produces  50%  more 
per  day  than  does  his  counterpart  in  England  simply  because  he  works  harder;  and 
English   papers   are   free   to    admit   so. 


Shrine  With  A  Label  - 


8 


When  workmen  recently  began  tearing  down  the  White  House  as  a  preliminary  to 
rebuilding  it  from  basement  to  garret,  a  United  Brotherhood  Union  Label  was  found  on 
the  back  of  an  old  panel.  It  was  probably  one  of  the  first  labels  ever  issued  by  the 
United  Brotherhood  since  the  last  remodeling  of  the  president's  residence  took  place  in 
1902.     This    article   contains    some    interesting   data    on   the   White    House. 


Hatchetmen  At  Work 


14 


At  a  hearing  regarding  a  proposed  slum  clearance  program,  a  Newark  city  official 
takes  to  task  the  obstructive,  delaying  tactics  generally  being  followed  by  the  real  estate 
lobbies  in  their  never-ending  fight  to  block  all  low-cost  housing.  He  points  out  the  pat- 
tern that  exists  in  ail  real  estate  lobby  activities  ^vhenever  and  wherever  low-cost  hous- 
ing  becomes   an   issue. 


^  The  Great  Squeeze 


17 

Throughout  the  land  there  is  a  great  deal  of  propaganda  floating  around  to  the  effect 
that  Big  Business  has  seen  the  light  and  that  unions  are  no  longer  necessary  to  protect 
the  welfare  of  working  people.  A  look  at  what  is  happening  in  the  shipping  industry 
where  companies  are  transferring  their  vessels  to  foreign  flags  as  a  means  of  beating 
down  wages  and  working  conditions  gives  the  lie  to  such  propaganda  very  effectively 
and   conclusively. 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 

Plane  Gossip 

Official 

Editorials 

In    Memoriam 

The  Locker  - 

Correspondence 

To  The  Ladies 

Craft  Problems 


12 
21 

24 
33 
34 
35 
39 
41 


Index  to  Advertisers 


46 


Entered   July   22,    1915,    at   INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second    class   mail    matter,    under    Act   of 

Congress,  Aug.  24,   1912.    Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for 

in   Section   1103,   act   of   October   3,    1917,   authorized  on   July    8,    1918. 


CARPENTERS 

BUILDERS  and  APPRENTICES 


Set  the  practical  training  you  need 

fM^m^m^^ms  for  PROIVIOTION, 

INCREASED  INCOME 

Prepare  now  for  more  pay,  greater  success. 
Hundreds  have  quickly  advanced  to  foreman, 
superintendent,  inspector,  estimator,  contrac- 
tor, with  this  Chicago  Tech  training  in  Build- 
ing. Your  practical  experience  aids  your  suc- 
cess. 

Learn  how  to  lay  out  and  run  building  jobs,  read 
blue  prints,  estimate  building  costs,  superintend  con- 
struction. Practical  training  with  complete  blue  print 
plans  and  specifications — same  as  used  by  superin- 
tendents  and  contractors.  Over  46  years  of  experi- 
ence in  training  practical  builders. 


Blue  Prints 
and  Trial  Lesson 

Send  today  for  Trial  Lesson:  "How  to  Read 
Blue  Prints,"  and  set  of  Blue  Print  Plans — 
sent  to  you  Free.  See  for  yourself  how  this 
Chicago  Tech  course  prepares  you  to  earn 
more  money,  gives  you  the  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  Building  required  for  the  higher-up 
jobs  and  higher  pay.  Don't  delay.  Mail  the 
coupon  today  in  an  envelope  or  use  penny 
postcard. 

MAIL  COUPON  NOW 


HOROUGH  TRAINING  IN  BUILDING 

.earn  at  Home  in  Your  Spare  Time 

'he  successful  builder  will  tell  you 
•hat  the  way  to  the  top-pay  jobs  and 
uccess  in  Building  is  to  get  thorough 
cnowledge  of  blue  prints,  building  con- 
truction  and  estimating. 

n.  this  Chicago  Tech  Course,  you  learn  to 
ead  blue  prints — the  universal  language  of 
he  builder — and  understand  specifications — 
or  all  types  of  buildings. 

"ou  learn  building  construction  details : 
oundations,  walls,  roofs,  windows  and  doors, 
rches,  stairs,  etc. 

ou  learn  how  to  lay  out  work  and  direct 
uilding  jobs  from  start  to  finish.  You  learn 
0  estimate  building  costs  quick- 
7  and  accurately.  Find  out 
:ow  you  can  prepare  at  home 
or  the  higher-paid  jobs  in 
tiiilding,  or  your  own  success- 
'ul  contracting  business.  Get  the 
acts  about  this  income-boosting 
Chicago  Tech  training  now. 


Chicago  Technical  College 

H-122  Tech  BIdg.,  2000  So.  Michigan  Ave. 

Chicago    16,   111. 

Mail  me  Free  Blue  Print  Plans  and  Booklet : 
"How  to  Read  Blue  Prints"  with  information 
about   how   I   can   train   at  home. 

Name Age .... 


Address 


Occupation 


City Zone .  . 


State 


CHICAGO    TECHNICAL    COLLEGE 

TECH  BLDG.,  2000  SOUTH  MICHIGAN  AVE.,  CHICAGO  16,  ILL. 


THE  NEW 


4"  Quick  SANDER 


THE  NEW  4"  COMBINATION 

Door&Surface  PLANER 

FOR  ALL  PORTABLE 
ELECTRIC  SAWS 


$5450 


SKILSAW,  THOR,  BLACK  &  DECKER,  VAN-DORN,  MALL,  WAPPAT,  SPEEDMATIC 
BRADFORD,  STANLEY  AND  ^L^Y  OTHERS. 

SAW—PLANER  OR  SANDER— IN  ONE  MINUTE. 

See  Your  Dealer  -  Or  Order  Direct  C.  O.  D.  From 

Quick-Sander  Sales  Co. 

263  Prospect  Ave.,  LONG  BEACH  3,  CAL. 


^     HANG  THAT  DOOR 
THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


JIakea  a  clean-cut,  deeply-etched  profile  on  door. 
Eemove  chips.  Bepeat  operation  on  jamb.  Hang 
dMr!    No  adjustments.    No  fussing.    Precision  made. 

rop-forged.    heat-treated    steeL     Comes    in    3",    3i" 

:d   i"    (Std)    Eizes. 


ONLY  $1.75  ea. — -§3.50  a  pair 
(any  trro) — §5.25  complete  set 
of  three.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
gend  only  SI. 00  ■with  order  and 
pay  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  O.  D.  In  Canada,  .2ric 
higher  per  order.  No  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    wanted. 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 

"Really  a  help  for  the 
'old  hands'  and  almost 
a  'must'  for  the  new 
boys." 

S.   H.   Glover 
Cincirmati.    Ohio 

"The    greatest  help    in 

hanging  doors  I  have 
erer    Been." 

J.    Allen  Charles 

Mullins.  S.   C. 


Ciraes  With 
Leatherette  case 


Conceded  by   carpenters   to  be  almost   indispensable, 
as  hundreds  of  testimonials  in  file  show. 
C'E-Z  Mark"  Trade  Mark  Res.  i 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  Dept,  C,  Los  .'ingeles  16,  Cal, 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377,  Dept.  C. 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 


V 

ban 

I 


Clip     and     mail     handy     order     form     below. 


Gentlemen:     Please    send    the    following    "E-Z"    Mark    Butt   Gauges    as    checked    below: 

Check  Size 

lI         one   of   any   size   ST. 75  

D         two    of    any    size    S3. 50  

n         complete    set    of    three    any    size    $5.25  

I    enclose    check    or    money    order         Q 
Send   C.    O,    D Q 


Name; 


Address: City_ 

State: 


-Zone- 


What  Featherbedding? 


LAST  YEAR  the  British  government  sent  to  the  United  States  a  seven- 
teen-man  team  of  building  trades  workers  to  study  American  con- 
struction methods  and  techniques  with  the  hope  that  these  experts 
could  bring  back  to  England  new  ideas  for  upping  production  in  the  Eng- 
lish building  trades.  For  many  weeks  this  British  team  toured  the  United 
States.  It  watched  American  craftsmen  plying  their  trades  in  many  sections 
and  under  all  varieties  of  conditions.  Then  they  returned  home  to  make 
their  report. 

A  few  weeks  ago  that  reporit  was  released,  What  the  report  disclospd 
ought  to  be  of  interest  to  building  trades  workers  on  both  sides  of  the  oce^n. 
The  whole  team  unanimously  agreed  that  American  construction  workers 
produce  fifty  per  cent  more  on  the 


average  than  do  their  English  bro- 
thers. American  newspapers  all  but 
ignored  the  report.  Naturally;  be- 
cause for  the  past  five  years  the  U.  S. 
papers  have  been  raving  and  ranting 
about  the  terrific  amount  of  "feather- 
bedding"  unions  have  introduced  into 
American  industry.  Had  the  report 
indicated  that  U.S<  workers  were  less 
efficient  than  their  British  Brothers, 
most  papers  would  have  carried  ban- 
ner headlines  on  Page  One.  However, 
since  the  report  showed  the  reverse 
to  be  true  by  a  very  wide  margin,  the 
whole  thing  was  ignored. 

On  the  other  hand,  English  news- 
papers gave  the  report  a  substantial 
amount  of  publicity.  The  tremendous 
productive  capacity  of  the  average 
American  building  tradesman  evoked 
both  admiration  and  envy  from  the 
British  press.  It  was  unanimously 
agreed  by  the  study  commission  that 
production  in  the  U.  S.  construction 
industry  is  at  least  fifty  per  cent 
higher  than  it  is  in  England.  Still 
U.  S.  papers  continue  printing  tripe 
about  restrictive  procedures  suppos- 
edly being  foisted  on  the  U.  S.  con- 


struction industry  by  building  trades 
unions.  Hardly  a  week  goes  by  but 
what  one  can  read  scare  stories  about 
bricklayers  being  limited  by  union 
rules  to  300  or  400  bricks  a  day  or 
painters  being  limited  to  small  brush- 
es or  carpenters  being  limited  to  this 
or  that  maximum.  Repeated  denials 
by  international  unions  have  gone  for 
nought.  All  the  practical  proof  pro- 
duced by  unions  have  been  unavail- 
ing. The  papers  still  try  to  sell  the 
impression  that  featherbedding  is 
widespread  and  that  the  low  pro- 
ductivity of  union  workers,  because 
of  featherbedding  rules,  is  the  chief 
reason  for  today's  high  building  costs. 
The  report  of  the  British  commis- 
sion gives  the  lie  to  such  propaganda 
very  effectively  and  conclusively. 
What  the  report  discloses  is  that 
American  building  tradesmen  WORK 
HARDER  than  their  British  cousins. 
Pretty  much  the  same  tools  are  avail- 
able to  workers  in  both  countries. 
Building  materials  are  virtually  the 
same.  In  fact  in  practically  all  matters 
American  and  British  workers  face 
almost  identical  conditions.  Yet  Ameri- 
can workers  produce  at  least  fifty  per 


THE    CARPENTER 


cent  more  per  day  than  do  their 
fellow  craftsmen  in  England.  If  there 
is  featherbedding  or  union-imposed 
production  hmitations  in  American 
industry,  how  could  this  be?  The 
answer  is  that  it  couldn't  be.  Feather- 
bedding  is  a  figment  of  the  imagina- 
tion of  editorial  writers  who  are  more 
interested  in  getting  in  a  slap  at  labor 
than  in  getting  absolute  truth  into 
their  writings. 

Virtually  every  newspaper  in  Eng- 
land gave  the  building  trades  com- 
mission report  a  big  play.  While 
U.  S.  papers  prattle  about  feather- 
bedding,  British  papers  stand  in  awe 
at  the  productiveness  of  American 
building  trades  labor.  Herewith  are 
reprinted  a  few  comments  regarding 
the  commission  report  which  appear- 
ed in  leading  British  dailies. 

DAILY  MIRROR 

Here  are  quotations  about  American  build- 
ing conditions  from  the  report  of  the  British 
team  which  saw  for  itself: 

Every  member  of  the  team  was  greatly 
impressed  by  the  spirit  of  initiative  which 
is  shown  in  the  attitude  of  all  towards  tlie 
work  in  hand. 

Everyone  on  a  job  can  be  set  a  target 
which  he  knows  that  he  can  and  MUST 
reach. 

Competition  is  strong.  There  are  more 
contractors  than  contracts,  more  workers 
than  jobs.  Wages  are  four  times  as  high: 
Output  50  per  cent  higher. 

Having  secured  a  job  in  a  highly  com- 
petitive industry,  the  American  worker  is 
prepared  to  make  a  real  effort  to  retain  it. 

In  Britain  ten  years  of  short  supplies  of 
materials  and  labour,  and  the  consequential 
Government  controls  have  taken  their  toll 
of  the  driving  force  and  initiative  in  many 
firms. 

The  discomfort  and  inefficiency  of  many 
British  house  plans  are  notorious  (due  to) 
the  inertia  of  the  average  householder,  the 
private  builder,  the  local  housing  authority, 
and  the  responsible  Government  depart- 
ments. 

About  2,000,000  American  building  oper- 
atives have  completed  3,500,000  houses  since 
the  war,  compared  with  800,000  in  Britain 
vdth  a  labour  force  about  half  that  of  the 
United  States. 


THE  EXPRESS 

\^^ouldn't  it  be  wonderful  to  select  a  site 
for  your  new  home  today  and  move  into  it 
in  August? 

Or  to  see  a  vast  public  building  like,  say 
the  42-storey  home  of  the  United  Nations, 
sprout  into  completion  between  April  and 
November  in  the   same   year? 

They  do  in  tlie  United  States.  This  morn- 
ing, 17  experts  from  Britain  who  went  to 
the  United  States  last  summer  tell  how  it 
is  done. 

This  productivity  team— headed  by  Birken- 
head builder  Robert  O.  Lloyd— has  corne 
back  here  to  "sell  America"  to  its  own  build- 
ing friends  in  Britain.  It  has  taken  on  a 
tough  job. 

This  is  why:  The  team  has  discovered  that 
the  difference  between  builders  there  and 
builders  here  is  that  Americans  are  out  to 
earn  all  they  can  as  quickly  as  they  can. 

The  2,000,000  American  building  work- 
ers have  many  advantages  over  those  in 
Britain. 

American  Joe  has  a  motor-car  to  take 
him  to  work.  Joe  as  a  skilled  man,  does  not 
have  to  do  too  much  fetching  and  carrying 
himself.  His  money  is  too  high  to  waste 
him  on  jobs  that  any  labourer  can  do.  His 
job  is  to  build  and  produce. 

For  this  he  gets  from  16s.  to  1  lb.  an 
hour,  according  to  his  craft  and  the  district 
in  which  he  works  his  40  hours  a  week.  In 
the. spring,  summer,  and  early  autumn  401bs. 
a  weeks  is  not  an  unusual  wage  packet  for 
Joe. 

Joe's  is  the  best  paid  of  all  the  crafts.  He 
often  gets  twice  as  much  as  a  motor-car 
worker.  The  result  is  that  there  is  plenty 
of  competition  to  get  into  building.  In  some 
districts  only  one  in  four  apprentices  gets 
through. 

If  Joe  is  fired  there  are  plenty  of  eager 
men  to  take  his  job. 

But  Mr.  Lloyd  insists  that  it  is  not  fear 
of  the  sack  which  makes  Joe  such  a  speedy 
technician.    It  is  pride  in  his  job. 

"The  American  worker,"  say  the  British 
experts,  "has  never  acquired  the  habit  of 
doing  less  than  he  is  capable  of  doing.  The 
employer  is  entitled  to  his  profits.  Indeed, 
the  larger  the  profit  a  firm  makes  the  more 
established  its  reputation,  and  the  more  reg- 
ular the  employment  it  is  likely  to  provide." 

This  building  team  warns  us  in  Britain  not 
to  be  too  smug  over  the  idea  that  wages 
have  to  be  high  in  America  to  meet  the 
cost  of  living  there.  American  Joe  spends 
less  proportionately  on  necessities  than  the 
British  building  worker  (call  him  Tom). 


THE    CARPENTER 


Contrast  these  examples  of  the  time  Joe 
and  Tom  have  to  work  to  earn  enough  to 
buy: 

JOE  TOM 

Dozen    eggs:  17min.  77min. 

Raincoat:  5h.  48m.  40h.  34m. 

Shoes:  3h.     Im.  15h.  13m. 

Radio  set  lOh.  17m.  lOlh. 

Scotch  (if  he  can  get  it) 

whiskey  2h.  llh.  16m. 

Cinema  seat:  15m.  46m. 

How  have  American  builders  done  since 
the  end  of  the  war?  They  have  built 
3,500,000  houses,  against  800,000  in  Britain 

They  have  twice  the  manpower  but  Ameri- 
can Joe  produces  half  as  much  again  every 
hour  as  Tom  does. 

EASTERN  DAILY  PRESS,  NORWICH 

The  productivity  team  from  the  British 
Building  Industry,  which  last  year  visited 
the  United  States,  says  in  its  report  pub- 
lished today  that  a  large  part  of  the  differ- 
ence between  American  and  British  produc- 
tivity could  be  accounted  for  only  by  the 
individual  attitude  towards  work. 

The  American,  it  is  stated,  has  never 
acquired  the  habit  of  doing  less  than  he 
is  capable  of  doing,  and  there  is  so  far  little 
evidence  of  a  worker  group-consciousness 
in  American  industry.  The  whole  American 
way  of  life  was  a  challenge  to  the  indi- 
vidual to  give  of  his  best.  Some  new  in- 
centive would  have  to  be  found  for  the 
British  worker.  The  British  building  indus- 
try was  attempting  to  supply  that  incentive 
by  the  adoption  of  schemes  of  pajonent  by 
results— a  method  which  the  American  build- 
ing industry  did  not  favour. 

The  report  states  that  the  British  operative 
must  realize  that  his  standard  of  living  was 
closely  hnked  to  the  efficiency  of  the  indus- 
try, and  depended  upon  his  personal  con- 
tribution. The  team  contends  that  the  heavy 
subsidisation  of  building  in  Britain  however 
necessary  it  might  be,  diminishes  the  in- 
centive to  secure  lower  costs. 

At  a  Press  conference  last  night,  Mr. 
Robert  O.  Lloyd,  president  of  the  National 
Federation  of  Building  Trades  Employers, 
and  leader  of  the  team  said:  "I  think  the 
Government  and  the  Opposition  agree  that 
the  time  will  have  to  come  soon  when  we 
shall  have  to  sweep  away  controls."  What 
had  most  impressed  the  team  was  the  ab- 
sence of  control  which  enabled  the  American 
contractor  and  architect  to  perfect  the  pre- 
planning of  work. 

MANCHESTER  DAILY  DISPATCH 
The   "team    "made    no    major    discovery 
which  could  conceivably  revolutionise  Brit- 


ish building  practice  in  a  short  time,  though 
there  are  many  points  in  American  con- 
structional methods  which,  if  adopted,  will 
raise  the  efficiency  of  tlie  British  industry." 

These  points  included  fuller  pre-planning 
of  jobs  by  building  owners,  architects  and 
contractors;  better  co-ordination  of  sub-con- 
tracts; more  careful  selection  and  better 
training  and  payment  of  clerks  of  works; 
maximum  use  of  mechanical  aids;  a  review 
of  concrete  quality  control;  relaxation  of 
controls  over  materials,  and  prices;  more 
energy-giving  foods  for  operatives. 

But  in  the  team's  opinion  more  is  to  be 
learned,  taking  a  long  view,  from  the  gen- 
eral spirit  and  outlook  of  the  American  in- 
dustry than  from  details  of  organisation  and 
technique. 

The  main  impression  which  members  of 
the  team  brought  back  from  their  tour  was 
that  of  the  spirit  of  initiative  and  co-opera- 
tion which  animates  all  sections  of  the 
American    industry. 

There  is,  they  report,  "a  general  belief 
in  the  need  for  experiment  and  progress, 
and  these,  with  the  direct  material  incentives 
to  self-advancement  and  the  penalties  for 
failure  to  keep  abreast  of  the  times,  account 
for  the  speed  and  efficiency  of  production." 

DAILY   GRAPHIC 

Sixteen  building  men,  back  from  seeing 
how  the  U.  S,  builds  its  homes,  say  to-day: 
Britain  does  not  work  hard  enough  or  fast 
enough,  and  there  are  too  many  obstacles. 

The  sixteen  include  a  plumber,  plasterer, 
carpenter,  painter  and  bricklayer,  master 
builders   and   architects. 

Their  unanimous  verdict  is:  Britain  must 
get  the  same  will  to  work  and  team  spirit 
as  the  Americans  if  they  want  to  reach  the 
same  speed  in  output. 

They  will  organize  meetings  throughout 
Britain  to  emphasise  that  the  building  work- 
ers must  do  all  they  can  to  increase  output. 

They  found  that  U.  S.  building  men  did 
half  as  much  again  as  British  men  and  said 
pointedly: 

"The  American  has  never  acqmred  the 
habit  of  doing  less  than  he  is  capable  of. 

"More  is  to  be  learned  from  the  general 
spirit  and  outlook  of  the  American  than 
from  the  details  or  organisation. 

"The  team  spirit  of  the  man  to  his  work 
is  the  most  important  factor  (of  six  reasons 
given)  why  American  output  is  higher." 

The  report  says  wages  in  the  industry 
are  four  times  as  high  as  in  Britain.  The 
U.  S.  worker  is  prepared  to  work  hard  to 
keep  that  Hving  standard. 


Shrine  with  a  Label 


LATE  IN  1948,  the  President  of  the  United  States  was  entertaining 
at  the  White  House.  The  great  and  the  near  great  from  all  parts  of| 
the  world  were  on  hand  for  the  gala  occasion.  As  the  animated  throngi 
milled  about  the  famous  East  Room,  an  ominous  creaking  cut  through  the 
lilt  of  the  music  and  the  buzz  of  the  conversation.   Conversation  stopped  sud- 


denly. In  horror  the  hundreds  of  people  looked  up  to  see  the  massive  chanda- 
liers  sway  and  dance  as  if  an  earthquake  were  in  progress.  Automatically 
people  moved  away  from  the  center  of  the  room  and  the  party  continued; 
but  that  creaking  started  an  investigation  that  brought  about  some  startling 
disclosures. 

As  engineers  swarmed  over  the  historic  structure  to  investigate  the  source 
of  the  creaking,  they  discovered  that  the  White  House  was  a  crumbling,  struc- 


THE    CARPENTER 


turally  unsound  shell  underneath  the 
innumerable  brave  coats  of  paint  and 
plaster.  Timbers  that  were  installed 
150  years  ago  were  found  to  be  rid- 
dled with  holes  drilled  through  the 
years  when  running  water,  then  gas, 
then  electricity  were  first  installed  for 
the  benefit  of  presidential  residents. 
Mortar  and  brickwork  of  ancient 
vintage  were  found  to  be  crumbly 
and  falling  apart.  Haphazard  re- 
modeling down  the  decades  were 
found  to  have  redistributed  the 
whole  bearing  load  on  arches  and 
trusses  that  were  originally  de- 
signed to  carry  no  load  at  all.  In 
fact  the  whole  structure  was  found 
to  be  an  unsound  firetrap  that  even 
a  minor  earth  tremor  might  ha\o 
leveled  to  the  ground. 

As  soon  as  the  news  was  released, 
a  great  clamor  arose.  Some  people 
wanted  the  ancient  structure  rebuilt 
from  the  bottom  up  but  kept  intact 
in  appearance.  Others  wanted  the 
old  structure  razed  and  an  entirely 
new  one  put  up  in  its  place.  In  the 
end  the  majority  won  and  Congress 
appropriated  nearly  five  and  a  half 
million  dollars  to  practically  rebuild 
the  White   House  without   changing 


On  the  back  of  the  panel  the  workers 
found  an  old  Union  Label  of  the 
United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters 
and  Joiners  of  America.  Since  the 
United  Brotherhood  Union  Label  was 
not  adopted  until  1900,  it  is  assumed 
that  the  Union  Label  panel  was  in- 


Front   view  as   it  looked   during    1820 

i    its  appearance  to  an  substantial  de- 

i   gree. 

'  Nearly  a  year  ago  the  project  got 
under  way.  Hundreds  of  union  crafts- 
men began  taking  the  structure  apart 
brick  by  brick  and  board  by  board. 

il  During  the  process  an  old  panel  was 
removed  from  the  famous  East  Room. 


South   Front   as   it   looked   in    March,    1853 

stalled  during  the  remodeling  process 
which  Congress  authorized  in  1902. 
As  the  accompanying  picture  shows, 
the  Label  bears  No.  4569.  Although 
the  number  is  indistinct,  it  appears 
to  have  been  issued  by  "Factory  No. 
10,  Bronx,  N.  Y." 

There  is  little  doubt  but  that  the  la- 
bel on  the  panel  was  one  of  the  first 
ever  issued  by  the  United  Brother- 
hood. At  the  Eleventh  General  Con- 
vention held  at  Scranton,   Pa.,  in 
September  of  1900,  a  decision  was 
reached  that  the  United  Brother- 
hood should  adopt  a  Union  Label 
to  identify  products  turned  out  by 
its  members  in  shops  and  mills.   A 
committee  was  appointed  to  design 
such  a  Label.    After  considerable 
discussion,  the  committee  adopted 
a  Label  of  elliptical  design.    Around 
the    outer    portion    were    the    words 
"United    Brotherhood    of   Carpenters 
and   Joiners    of  America"   while    the 
inner    portion    contained    the    words 
"Union  Made,"  the  words  being  sepa- 
rated by  the  United  Brotherhood  em- 
blem. 


10 


THE    CARPENTER 


HoAvever.  this  design  did  not  meet 
with  general  appro\"aL  It  was  not 
very  artistic  and  appeared  to  be  rath- 
er cumbersome.  Members  did  not  hke 
its  appearance.  Consequently  the  de- 
sign was  short-lived.  At  the  Twelfth 
General  Convention  a  neater  and 
more  attractive  design,  much  like  the 
present  one,  was  adopted  and  ap- 
proved of  by  subsequent  vote.  Ever 
since,  the  red,  white,  blue  and  gold 
design  we  know  today  has  been  in 
use.  The  Label  on  the  old  panel  re- 
mo\"ed  from  the  White  House  shows 
how  true  this  is. 

The  White  House  is  almost  as  old 
as  the  nation  itself.    President  George 


It  took  eight  years  to  complete  the 
building.  Hoban  was  assisted  by  both 
\\'ashington  and  Jefferson  in  the  con- 
struction work.  They  both  made  fre- 
quent Alsits  to  the  building  during  its 
construction.  When  the  British  raid- 
ed Washington  on  August  24,  1814, 
they  burned  the  structure,  destroy- 
ing the  interior  and  part  of  the  exter- 
ior, The  work  of  reconstruction  was 
commenced  in  the  spring  of  1815 
under  the  direction  of  Hoban,  and 
President  James  Monroe  moved  in 
during  December.  ISIT,  It  was  neces- 
sar\-  to  redecorate  and  refurnish  the 
entire  house.  The  furniture  for  the 
public  rooms,  except  the  East  Pioom, 


■z''"^mm,ne^^~- 


Washington  approved  the  selection  of 
the  site  for  the  President's  House— the 
"^^'hite  House— which  had  been  select- 
ed b\"  Major  Pierre  L'Enfant,  a  French 
engineer.  The  site  was  on  the  farm  of 
David  Bums,  whose  land  extended 
southward  to  the  Potomac  River.  A 
prize  of  8500  was  offered  for  the  best 
design  for  the  building.  Several  were 
submitted  but  that  of  James  Hoban. 
an  architect  from  Dublin,  Ireland, 
who  was  then  residing  in  Charleston- 
South  Carolina,  won  the  award.  He 
thus  became  the  first  architect  of  the 
White  House.  The  design  is  said  to 
have  been  based  on  that  of  the  Duke 
of  Leinster's  palace  in  Dublin. 


was  imported  from  France  and  ar- 
ri\ed  early  in  the  autumn  of  1817. 
The  cost  of  the  President's  House 
from  the  beginning  to  January'  1. 
1S20  was  S333.207.04.  Repairs  in  the 
same  period  was  8246,490. 

The  first  bath  tub  in  the  White 
House  was  installed  for  President 
Fillmore  in  1S50.  It  was  not  replaced 
until  President  Cle\"eland's  Admini- 
stration. Electricit}"  was  introduced 
in  the  building  during  the  Admin- 
istration of  Benjamin  Harrison.  The 
work  was  completed  in  July.  1S91. 

^^Tth  the  exception  of  President 
Truman's  highh-  controversial  "l)ack 
porch"  addition  of  several  years  ago. 


THE    CARPENTER 


11 


no  significant  alternations  or  changes 
in  the  White  House  have  occurred 
since  President  Teddy  Roosevelt's 
time.  Over  the  years,  the  White 
House  has  become  a  national  shrine, 
probably  less  because  it  houses  the 
president  and  more  because  it  typi- 
fies a  way  of  life  in  which  every  cit- 


izen has  an  equal  chance  to  become 
a  resident.  It  was  a  "Union  Label" 
shrine  in  1902  and  will  be  so  for  years 
to  come  since  it  is  being  remodeled 
by  union  workmen  today,  among  them 
many  members  of  the  United  Brother- 
hood of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of 
America. 


MANITOBA  FLOOD  RELIEF  FUND 


SUi  noor.  Great  West  Life  BIdg. 
WINNIPEG,  MflNITOBfl 
Telephone:  93S  421  ■  2  •  3  -  4 


H.  W.  MANNING.  General  Chairman 
M.  A.  O'HARA,  Honorary  Treasurer 
MRS.  GARNET  COULTER,  Hon,  Secretary 


CECIL  LAMONT.  Honorary  Organizer 
MORAY  SINCLAIR,  Public  Relations  Chai: 


MANAGEMENT  COMMITTEE-  H.  W.  Manning,  Chairman, 
Hon.  J.  S.  McDiarmid        C.  E.  Graham        Mayor  W.  R.  ForreEler.  Emerson 
M.  A.  O'Hara       Mrs.  Garnet  Coulter       Mrs.  \V  J  Shepherd,  Exec.  Secy 


HONORARY  CHAIRMEN^ 

His  Honor  R.  F.  McWilliams, 
Lieut.  Governor  of  Manitoba. 


Hon.  D.  L.  Campbell. 
Premier  ol  Manitoba 

His  Worship  Garnet  Coulter.  K.C.. 
Mayor  oi  Winnipeg 

His  Worship  Geo.  C.  MacLean. 

Mayor  oi  St.  Boni'ace. 
Hon.  Walter  H.  McKinney. 

U.S.  Consul  General. 

MEMBERS: 
H.  C.  Ashdown 
P.  A.  Chester 
S.  Hart  Green.  K.C. 
Joseph  Harris 
).  P  Johnson 
J.  A.  MacAulay,  K.C. 
R.  S.  McCordick 
William  Manson 
A.  W.  Moscarella 
Andrew  Murphy 
W.  J.  Parker 
Forbes  A.  Rankin 
Mrs.  J.  A.  Richardson 
H.  E.  Sellers 
Victor  Sifton 
Dr.  P.  H.  T.  Thorlakson 
A.  H.  Watson 

HONORARY  LEGAL  COUNSEL: 
Col.  G.  H.  Aikins,  K.C 

NATIONAL  CORPORATE 
DONATIONS  COMMITTEE; 
Roy  W.  Milner,  Chairman 

Manitoba  corporate 
donations  committee: 

A.  H.  Watson,  Cha 


TRADES  UNION  COMMITTEE- 
Andrew  Murphy.  Cha 


May  26,  1950 


Mr.  Wm.  L.  Hutcheson,  General  President 

United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America 

222  East  Michigan  Street 

Indianapolis,  Ind, 

Dear  Mr.  Hutcheson: 

It  was  a  heartwarming  occasion  when  Mr.  J.  B.  Graham 
with  his  associates,  Messrs.  W.  A.  Welsh,  Stephen 
Rubel  and  R.  H.  Robbins  visited  our  Headquarters  and 
presented  a  cheque  for  Fifty  Thousand  Dollars  from 
the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of 
America  to  our  Manitoba  Flood  Relief  Fund.   The 
spirit  which  prompted  it  and  the  generosity  of  your 
donation  will  be  an  inspiration  and  of  much  material 
assistance  to  the  thousands  of  flood  victims  in  this 
Province,  the  greater  number  of  whom  live  in  this 
City  and  whose  homes  have  been  ravaged  by  the  flood. 

The  whole  of  Canada  and  thousands  in  the  United 
States  are  giving  demonstrative  evidence  of  their 
sympathy  and  desire  to  help.   Nothing  has  inspired 
us  more  than  the  manner  in  which  the  representatives 
of  the  trade  unions  in  Winnipeg  have  rallied  to  the 
need  and,  shoulder  to  shoulder,  have  joined  in  lending 
to  this  appeal  the  consolidated  support  of  the  labour 
groups. 

This  gift,  which  has  come  to  us  from  the  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America,  is 
a  truly  magnanimous  donation  and  the  hearts  of  our 
people  go  out  to  you  in  grateful  thanks, 

lours  sincerely 


^< 


f   (7HAIRMAN 


^ 


tr&ss  I  p 


FIRST  THINGS  FIRST 

In  a  crowded  Kentucky  bus,  a  lanky- 
young  man  sat  opposite  a  cute  little  chick 
whose  skimpy  skirt  kept  creeping  up  over 
her  knees.  She  fought  a  constant  battle  with 
it;  as  fast  as  she  pulled  it  down  it  began 
creeping  upward  until  her  knees  were  again 
exposed.  After  one  particularly  hard  yank, 
she  looked  up  and  met  the  gaze  of  her  travel- 
ing companion. 

"Don't  stretch  your  calico,  sister,"  drawled 
the   young  man.   "My  weakness   is   liquor." 

And  that  is  about  our  reaction  to  all  the 
furore  Senator  McCarthy  is  trying  to  create 
about  Reds  in  the  government.  Having  com- 
plete faith  in  the  FBI  and  the  rest  of  our 
security  agencies,  it  seems  to  us  that  Sen- 
ator McCarthy  and  the  rest  of  his  sensation 
seekers  could  better  devote  their  efforts  to 
working  on  legislation  for  eliminating  in- 
adequate old  age  pensions,  slum  housing,  un- 
employment and  all  the  other  proverty-mak- 
ing  ills  which  create  the  misery  on  which 
Communism  feeds. 


"These  die-hards  are  trymg  the  last 
reswt  to  keep  one  jump  ahead  of 
the  labor  movementr 


ANOTHER  PAUP  POPS  UP 

Then   there    is    also   Joe    Paup's   brother, 
Ancel,  who   called  his    girl   "Baseball"   be- 
cause she  wouldn't  play  without  a  diamond. 
*     *     • 
A  PLEASANT  SURPRISE 

If  you  haven't  been  listening  to  the  AFL 
news  broadcasts  Monday  through  Friday 
evenings  at  10  p.  m.  E.  S.  T.  you  have  been 
missing  a  golden  opportunity  to  get  the  real 
low  down  on  a  lot  of  things.  AFL  commen- 
tator Edwards  doesn't  pull  any  punches  and 
the  news  he  broadcasts  is  often  considerably! 
different  from  the  versions  the  papers  give. 
A  friend  whom  we  persuaded  to  listen  re- 
cently gave  us  his  reactions  by  telling  the 
following  story: 

A  Texas  cowpuncher  spending  the  week-: 
end  in  town  decided  to  go  to  church.  Het 
was  very  much  impressed  by  the  sermon  and 
went  up  to  the  minister  and  said: 

"Brother  Jones  that  was  a  damn  good  ser- 
mon." 

The  preacher  taken  aback  thanked  him  for 
the  compliment  and  explained  that  such 
language  was  not  to  be  used  in  the  church. 

"Well,  that  may  be  true"  replied  the  cow- 
boy, "but  it  was  a  damn  good  sermon  any- 
way and  I  was  so  impressed  by  it  that  I 
put  $500  in  the  collection  plate." 

The    minister    exclaimed:    "The    hell   you 

^^"  *      *      * 

EFFECTS   OF  WOMAN  SUFFRAGE 

Ellis  Meredith,  who  once  upon  a  time 
wrote  charming  book  reviews  for  Denver 
newspapers  and  is  now  a  resident  of  Wash- 
ington, was  a  pioneer  in  the  woman  suffrage 
movement. 

Colorado  was  the  first  state  to  decide  by 
constitutional  amendment  that  women 
should  have  the  right  to  vote.  Some  years 
later  Ellis  Meredith  was  at  a  big  national 
suffrage   convention   and   someone   asked: 

"Has  woman  suffrage  cured  the  corruption 
of  politics?"    In  reply,  Ellis  told  this  story: 

A  man,  far  gone  in  delirium  tremens,  was 
brought  to  tlie  hospital.  The  doctor  examin- 
ed him  carefully.  The  man  asked,  "Can  you 
cure  me?"  "No,"  answered  the  doctor,  "but 
I  can  reduce  the  size  of  the  snakes." 

"Equal  suffrage  has  not  cured  the  corrup- 
tion of  politics,"  said  Ellis,  "but  it  has  dis- 
tinctly reduced  the  size  of  the  snakes." 


THE    CARPENTEK 


13 


PROMPT  RELIEF  IS  DESIRABLE 

Although  it  is  no  news  to  anyone  who 
has  needed  medical  attention  in  recent  years, 
a  sun'ey  by  a  national  publication  discloses 
that  there  is  a  shortage  of  doctors  in  this 
country.  That  the  situation  is  getting  plenty 
of  attention  at  the  present  time  is  clear  to 
anyone  who  reads  the  papers.  The  medical 
associations  insist  that  the  present  system 
will  beat  the  doctor  shortage  in  a  few  years, 
while  advocates  of  government  planning  are 
equally  insistent  that  only  a  national  health 
program  can  solve  the  problem.  WTiich- 
ever  idea  wins,  we  hope  that  relief  is  prompt. 
On  our  last  visit  to  the  office  of  a  medico, 
patients  filled  the  waiting  room.  Some  were 
even  standing.  Conversation  was  destdtory 
and  dispirited.  Finally  there  came  a  long 
and  embarrassed  silence,  broken  only  when 
a  weary  old  man  stood  up  and  said: 

"Well,  I  guess  I'll  go  home  and  die  a 
natural  death." 

•  *     • 
OH,  NO? 

Entering  a  room  in  a  Washington  hotel, 
a  woman  recognized  a  well-known  govern- 
ment official  pacing  up  and  down  and  asked 
what  he  was  doing  there. 

"I  am  going  to  deUver  a  speech,"  he  told 
her. 

"Do  you  usually  get  ver>'  nervous  before 
addressing    a   large    audience?" 

"Nervous?"  he  replied.  "No,  I  never  get 
nervous." 

"In  that  case,"  demanded  the  lady,  "what 
are  you  doing  in  the  Ladies'  Room?" 

•  •     • 
ROOM  FOR  GLOOM 

No.  Incentive?— Bankers  and  managers  of 
America's  big  business  say  there  no  longer 
is  any  incentive  for  investing  capital.  Their 
complaints  are  echoed  shrilly  by  the  David 
Lawrences,  George  Sokolskys,  Fulton  Lew- 
ises and  bombastic  scribblers  and  commen- 
tators. 

The  highest  profit  mark  in  history  has 
just  been  reported  by  General  Motors  for 
1949-$656  milhon.  That's  after  all  taxes 
and  expenses,  and  represents  earning  of 
11.5  per  cent  on  sales. 

That  is  S160  million  more  than  the  highest 
previous  record  in  1948— an  increase  of  49 
per  cent. 

Yep,  business  is  really  going  to  the  dogs. 
'No.  incentive,  you  see. 

!  It  all  brings  to  mind  the  Scotsman  who 
won  a  Cadillac  at  a  dra\ving.  Despite  his 
great  good  fortune,  Sandy  was  going  around 
with  a  gloomy  face.  Asked  why,  he  repHed: 
"Tis  that  other  ticket;  why  I  ever  bought 
it,  I  canna'  imagine." 


STILL  OUT  OF  TOUCH 

Some  time  ago  the  President  of  the  United 
States  made  a  short  address.  The  following 
comments  are  typical  of  the  newspapers* 
reactions  to  his  words: 

A   Springfield  paper— "The   President 
merely  showed  he  is  a  Simple  Simon." 
.  .   .A  Boston  daily— "The  President  was 
ludicrous."  ...  A  Permsylvania  sheet— 
"We  pass  over  the  silly  remarks  of  the 
President,  for  the  credit  of  the  nation. 
We    are    willing    the    veil    of    oblivion 
should  be  dropped  over  them."   ...  A 
Chicago  paper— "He   perverted  history, 
misstated  the   cause  for  which  Ameri- 
cans  died  and  with  ignorant  rudeness 
insulted  the  memory  of  the  dead." 
The   President?  Abraham   Lincoln.     His 
speech?  Only  the  Gettysburg  Address.    All 
of  which,  if  it  proves  anything,  proves  that 
the   newspapers   of   eighty  years    ago   were 
as  far  out  of  touch  with  the  common  people 
as  they  are  today. 

•      •      • 

JOE  SHOULD  KNOW 

Joe  Paup,  skidrow  Doctor  Kinsey,  recently 
bestowed  upon  the  graduating  class  of  1950 
the  following  immortal  ad^"ice: 

"Breathing  through  the  nose  is  very  good 
for  the  health:  In  addition  to  helping  build 
up  your  lungs  it  also  helps  you  keep  your 
mouth  shut,  which  w^ill  lessen  your  trips 
to  the  doctor  considerably  over  a  lifetime." 


.4&.-s2SSSs-\53  ©  195Q  C^/^c  StammTz 

"Reducing  is  easy!  Just  try  living 
<Mi  the  same  ^et  your  employees 
can  afford!" 


14 


Hatchetmen  At  Work 

By  STEPHAN  J.  MORAN,  Director, 
Dept.    of   Public   AfiEairs,    Newark,    N.    J.  j 

Editor's  note:  When  the  Housing  Authority  of  the  City  of  Newark  recently  undertook  to  clea! 
out  a  slam  area  and  replace  it  with  a  low-cost  housing  project,  certain  real  estate  interests  op-, 
posed  the  move  on  the  ground  that  the  site  was  an  industrial  site  and  that  its  conversion  to  hous- 
ing would  cripple  the  city.  At  the  request  of  the  real  estate  interests  a  hearing  was  held.  Muc/i 
testimony,  pro  and  con,  was  given,  but  the  remarks  of  Stephan  J.  Moran,  condensed  herein,  sami 
marized  the  situation  very  neatly.  Director  Moran  pointed  up  the  pattern  of  obstruction  which  thi 
orgainized  real  estate  lobbies  are  raising  wherever  low-cost  housing  is  contemplated.  His  remark 
might  apply  to  many  communities  besides  Newark  for  the  real  estate  interests  are  determined  tt 
oppose  all  low-cost  housing  everywhere. 

*  *  • 

I  am  appearing  here  as  an  elected  public  official  representing  the  peoplt 
of  the  City  of  Newark,  in  my  capacity  as  Director  of  the  Departmen 
of  Public  Affairs,  which  department  has  been  designated  by  the  New 
ark  City  Commission  as  the  responsible  division  of  municipal  govemmeni 
in  all  matters  pertaining  to  housing. 

The  Housing  Act  of  1949  was  passed  by  the  Congress  of  the  Unitec 
States  and  was  a  bi-partisan  piece  of  legislation  calling  for  the  erection  oJ 
810,000  dwelling  units  of  public  housing  in  the  ensuing  six-year  period. 

The  State  of  New  Jersey  adopted 


enabling  legislation  permitting  muni- 
cipalities to  construct  public  housing 
dwelling  units  in  accordance  with  this 
legislation. 

The  City  of  Newark,  through  its 
City  Commission,  adopted  coopera- 
tion agreements  with  the  Housing 
Authority  of  the  City  of  Newark,  un- 
der which  3500  dwelling  units  are 
being  programmed  for  families  of  low 
income.  All  sites,  including  the  site 
in  question,  have  been  approved  by 
the  Central  Planning  Board  of  the 
City  of  Newark. 

At  the  same  time  that  the  mandate 
of  the  people  expressed  at  the  federal, 
state  and  local  level,  is  being  carried 
out  here  in  Newark  by  the  local  hous- 
ing authority,  we  are  confronted  with 
vigorous  opposition  from  a  highly  or- 
ganized group,  which  after  success- 
fully delaying  the  passage  of  the  hous- 
ing Act  of  1949  for  three  years,  vowed 


to  carry  the  fight  to  each  and  ever) 
local  community  to  destroy  efforts  tc 
provide  decent  housing  for  people 
with  limited  means. 

There  are  people  who  by  theii 
actions,  advocate  the  perpetuation  oJ 
the  slums  with  their  over-crowded 
unsafe  and  unsanitary  conditions,  anc 
constantly  aim  for  the  continuance  ol 
an  economy  of  scarcity  in  housing  foi 
their  own  selfish  gains. 

But,  we  in  Newark  cannot  concert 
ourselves  with  the  selfish  interests  ol 
a  handful  of  such  people.  Rathei 
must  we  recognize  that  as  of  today 
there  are  over  40,000  sub-standard 
dwellings  in  the  City  of  Newark.  As 
of  the  present  date  there  are  on  file 
before  this  Housing  Authority  ovei 
20,000  applications  from  people  ol 
limited  means  who  are  desperately 
in  need  of  decent  housing  for  them- 
selves and  their  families. 


1^ 


THE    CARPENTER 


15 


Needless  to  say,  with  the  units 
now  under  management  of  this  Au- 
thority, this  problem  cannot  be  solved. 

It  is  for  that  reason  that  this  Au- 
thority courageously  embarked  on  a 
program  which  would  make  available 
a  substantial  number  of  units  to  the 
low-income  citizens  of  the  City  of 
Newark  who  are  desperately  in  need 
of  them,  and  I  wholeheartedly  sup- 
port their  program,  and  have  con- 
cerned myself,  as  an  individual  and 
as  a  public  official,  with  many  of  the 
facts  which,  upon  presentation  to  any 
fair-minded  person  or  group  who  are 
seriously  interested  in  Newark  as  a 
City  and  its  citizens  as  human  beings 
and  people,  could  not  but  enlist  their 
wholehearted  support  and  aid. 

A  recent  survey  made  by  my  De- 
partment covering  some  675  families, 
showed  that  they  were  living  in  502 
homes.  The  survey  was  pretty  much 
of  a  cross-section  of  the  average  citi- 
zen of  Newark,  and  points  up  the  fact 
that  on  a  general  average,  Newark 
today  has  a  percentage  of  1  and  3/10 
families   per  dwelling  unit. 

We  have  earnestly  tried  in  every 
direction  to  provide  decent  housing, 
not  only  in  the  low-cost  housing  field, 
but  also  by  offering  encouragement 
to  private  enterprise.  Private  enter- 
prise, unfortimately,  has  failed,  and 
is  still  failing  to  provide  dwelling 
units  for  people  with  limited  incomes. 

Even  in  the  field  of  high  incomes, 
the  record  shows  that  over  the  past 
two  years,  private  enterprise  has  con- 
structed only  853  dwelling  units  in 
the  City  of  Newark. 

The  question  has  been  raised  here 
as  to  the  desirability  of  the  use  of  the 
North  Newark  plot  of  land  for  low- 
cost  housing,  in  preference  to  its  being 
held  for  industrial  development.  At 
the  present  time  this  site  is  being 
used  4%  residental— 17%  vacant,  and 


35%  industrial.    All  of  the  industrial 
is  not  in  every-day  use. 

Another  preliminary  survey  that  I 
had  made  in  my  office  without  a  great 
deal  of  effort,  showed  that  there  is 
today  over  268  acres  of  vacant  land 
available  for  industry  in  the  City  of 
Newark,  and  over  544,000  square  feet 
of  floor  space  formerly  used  by  indus- 
try, now  vacant  and  available. 

But,  I  do  not  intend  to  devote  the 
full  time  allotted  to  me  today  to 
enter  into  a  defense  of  this  particular 
site.  Because  the  issue  raised  here  is 
similar  to  the  issues  raised  elsewhere 
by  local  real  estate  boards  as  fronts 
for  the  national  real  estate  lobby  in 
a  highly  organized  campaign  to  sabo- 
tage low-cost  housing  programs.  This 
campaign  is  being  promoted  not  only 
here  in  Newark,  but  throughout  the 
entire  nation. 

The  criticism  that  they  make  is 
destructive  in  nature,  for  nowhere 
does  it  appear  that  they  have  pro- 
duced homes  in  urban  communities 
at  prices  the  masses  of  people  can 
afford  to  pay.  These  objections  at 
the  local  level  to  sites  selected  by 
local  Housing  Authorities,  fall  with- 
in a  national  pattern,  as  is  evident  by 
similar  objections  to  site  selections 
in  Jersey  City,  New  Brunswick,  Tren- 
ton and  communities  all  over  the 
nation. 

Selfish  interests  were  recently  suc- 
cessful in  sabotaging  the  low-cost 
housing  program  in  the  City  of  Chi- 
cago, Illinois,  and  I  would  like  to 
quote  from  the  remarks  of  Robert  R. 
Taylor,  the  Housing  Authority  Chair- 
man of  that  city,  in  referring  to  this 
same  type  of  objections  to  site  selec- 
tions which  were  raised  by  the  same 
real  estate  groups,  and  the  people 
who  for  years  have  been  opposed  to 
low-cost  public  housing. 


16 


THE    CARPENTER 


Mr.  Taylor  stated:  "The  most  strik- 
ing thing  was  the  confusion  and  con- 
tradiction in  their  arguments.  When 
a  slum  clearance  site  was  discussed, 
they  testified  all  public  housing 
should  be  built  on  vacant  land.  When 
a  vacant  land  site  was  under  discus- 
sion, they  testified  all  public  housing 
should  be  in  slum  areas.  Their  over- 
all strategy  was  based  on  confusion, 
misrepresentation  and  misconception." 

Yes,  that  group  is  not  one  con- 
cerned only  with  the  local  program 
there,  but  is  a  powerful  national 
group.  The  Real  Estate  Board  pays 
$25,000  a  year  to  a  Washington  lobby- 
ist, by  the  name  of  Herbert  U.  Nelson, 
whose  job  it  is  to  block  any  type  of 
public  housing  beneficial  to  the  low- 
income  groups  of  people  of  the  nation. 
And  what  kind  of  person  is  Mr.  Nel- 
son? What  does  he  stand  for  insofar 
as  not  only  housing,  but  our  Ameri- 
can way  of  life  is  concerned?  Let  me 
quote  from  an  article  in  the  Newark 
Star  Ledger  on  April  20,  1950,  which 
states  that  in  a  letter  to  the  President 
of  the  National  Association  of  Real 
Estate  Boards,  Mr,  Nelson  stated: 
T  don't  believe  in  democracy.  I  think 
it  stinks.' 

And  further  on  in  the  same  com- 
munication Nelson  favors  depriving 
women  and  non-taxpayers  of  the  right 
to  vote. 

Recently,  in  the  City  of  Milwau- 
kee, this  group  held  a  clinic  where 
their  representatives  from  all  over  the 
nation  took  a  course  in  how  to  sabo- 


tage low-cost  housing.  The  course 
was  conducted  by  Ward  Blackall  ol 
Lansing,  Michigan,  who  had  beater 
low-cost  housing  in  Grand  Rapids. 

They  were  told  the  measures  tc 
be  taken  such  as  forcing  repeal  ol 
state  enabling  acts— or  where  that  was 
impossible,  to  fight  the  establishmeni 
or  appointment  of  housing  authori- 
ties—or where  housing  authorities 
were  already  in  existence,  to  fighl 
requests  for  preliminary  aid  for  plan- 
ning—to fight  against  any  and  all  sites 
selected— to  attempt  to  get  court  in- 
junctions to  delay— to  institute  recal 
action  against  public  officials  whc 
want  low-cost  housing— and  to  em- 
ploy tactics  designed  to  inflame  anc 
incite  hatreds,  and  in  short  to  dc 
everything,  even  to  the  destruction  oi 
some  of  our  basic  rights  and  freedonu 
in  order  to  advance  their  own  selfisl; 
interests. 

So,  I  would  like  to  say  to  you  gen- 
tlemen that  this  in  my  opinion  is  not 
a  battle  over  an  individual  site  selec- 
tion. This  is  a  war  of  the  whole  pro- 
gram of  low-cost  housing  and  the 
needs  of  the  vast  majorities  of  people, 
as  against  the  wants  of  a  few  greedy, 
selfish  individuals. 

Their  intent  is  not  limited  to  a 
single  site.  It  would  have  been  any 
site  or  any  phase  of  the  program 
where  they  felt  confusion,  misrepre- 
sentation or  any  other  despicable 
method  might  successfully  delay  oi 
sabotage  our  low-cost  public  housing 
program. 


HOUSTON   AUXILIARY   CHOOSES   CONVENTION  DELEGATES 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  6.  of  Houston,  Texas,  sends  greetings  to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries. 

Our  Auxiliary  has  just  had  a  special  call  meeting  for  the  purpose  of  selecting  ouj 
delegates  to  the  convention.  For  this  important  occasion,  our  drill  team  has  been  busy  mak 
ing  pretty  dresses  for  the  delegates  to  wear. 

A  contest,  which  we  have  on  for  attendance,  creates  quite  a  bit  of  interest  among  thf 
members.  It  is  comprised  of  two  sides,  one  called  the  blue,  and  the  other  the  gold.  Thf 
race  is  very  close,  and  the  losing  side  is  to  sponsor  a  picnic  on  our  35th  Anniversary 
which  will  be  the  27th  of  July. 

We  would  be  happy  to  hear  from  other  Auxiliaries  and  any  new  ideas  or  suggestions 
would  be  sincerely  appreciated.         Fraternally,    Mrs.  E.  L.  Rodgers,  Recording  Secretary 


17 


THE  GREAT  SQUEEZE 


DURING  RECENT  years,  a  great  deal  of  propaganda  (and  where  it 
comes  from,  no  one  knows)  has  been  released  concerning  the  great 
change  of  heart  which  has  taken  place  in  American  industry.  Sure, 
goes  the  propaganda,  a  generation  or  two  ago  many  big  corporations  were 
guilty  of  exploitation  and  brow  beating  and  coercion,  but  all  that  is  now 
past.  They  have  seen  the  light.  They  are  now  as  pure  as  the  driven  snow. 
Maybe  the  unions  had  something  to  do  originally  with  the  improvement 
of  wages  and  working  conditions  but  all  that  is  past.  The  corporations  are 
now  doing  things,  out  of  their  o^vn  generosity.  They  will  take  care  of  their 
employes  because  they  love  them  and  appreciate  them  and  those  employes 
who  feel  that  they  might  need  a  union  to  look  after  their  interests  are  silly. 
That  is  the  way  the  propaganda  goes.  . 

However,  there  are  just  enough  sit-      employes.   However,  behind  all  these 


uations  existing  today  wherein  em- 
ployers have  free  rein  because  the 
hands  of  the  unions  are  tied  to  give 
lie  to  the  propaganda.  Last  month 
we  pointed  out  the  privation  and 
misery  that  exist  in  the  Southwest 
because  the  huge  farm  corporations 
are  exploiting  legal  and  illegal  for- 
eign labor  while  native  American  farm 
workers  buck  the  bread  lines.  This 
month  we  intend  to  point  up  the  un- 
happy situation  which  faces  Ameri- 
can seamen  because  many  huge  ship- 
ping companies  are  transferring  their 
vessels  to  foreign  flags  as  a  means  of 
beating  down  wages  and  working  con- 
ditions. 

This  is  not  to  infer  that  corpora- 
tions have  not  improved  their  hu- 
manitarian outlook  during  the  last 
fifty  years.  Such  is  not  the  case. 
Many  of  our  corporations,  both  big 
and  small,  have  come  to  admit  that 
employe  exploitation  is  neither  good 
for  the  company  nor  the  country. 
They  have  come  to  admit  that  satis- 
fied employes  are  better  producers 
and   cheaper   labor   than   dissatisfied 


admissions  of  a  new  philosophy  has 
always  lurked  the  power  of  the  un- 
ion, ever  ready  and  eager  to  do  the 
job  of  bringing  about  economic  jus- 
tice if  it  is  not  forthcoming  from 
management.  One  cannot  help  won- 
dering how  much  of  the  new  employ- 
er generosity  stems  from  actual  big- 
heartedness  and  how  much  stems 
from  the  latent  pressure  which  or- 
ganized labor  exerts  by  its  very  ex- 
istence. 

Recently  a  tanker  called  "Olympic 
Flame"  was  launched  at  Sparrows 
Point,  Maryland.  The  Olympic  Flame 
was  built  by  American  workmen  for 
use  by  an  American  oil  company. 
Ordinarily  its  launching  would  have 
passed  unnoticed  by  everyone  except 
those  directly  concerned  with  its  con- 
struction and  operation.  However, 
the  Olympic  Flame  launching  receiv- 
ed considerable  publicity.  Why?  Be- 
cause of  a  number  of  unusual  things. 
Although  put  together  by  the  skill 
of  American  hands  for  use  of  an 
American  oil  company,  the  ship  flew 
a  Honduran  flag,   was   owned  by  a 


18 


THE    CARPENTER 


Greek  citizen,  was  documented  by 
a  corporation  operating  out  of  Pan- 
ama, and  was  manned  by  a  German 
crew,  flown  from  Hamburg.  The  day 
she  went  to  sea  with  her  all-German 
crew,  some  1,450  American  seamen 
were  unemployed  in  the  City  of  Bal- 
timore. Five  American  seamen  were 
dispatched  to  jobs  that  day.  These 
five  men  signed  up  for  the  American 
wage  scale  of  $226  per  month.  The 
German  crew  on  the  Olympic  Flame 
would  be  paid  $53.57  a  month. 

The  Olympic  Flame  case  merely 
t>'pifies  a  growing  evil  which  is  driv- 
ing American  sailors  into  bread  lines 
or  into  search  for  other  lines  of  work. 
Hundreds  of  American  vessels  have 
been  transferred  to  other  flags  in  re- 
cent years  and  more  are  following 
suit  every  day.  Honduras,  Venezuela 
and  Liberia  are  nations  which  have 
recently  acquired  sizeable  merchant 
marines  through  the  transfer  racket. 
Even  the  communist-governed  Re- 
public of  San  Marino  is  coming  in 
for  a  share  of  this  transfer  business. 
However,  Panama  remains  as  the 
first  choice  of  many  shipping  com- 
panies desiring  to  evade  the  costs 
that  decent  wages  and  working  con- 
ditions entail. 

Just  exactly  how  many  American 
ships  have  hoisted  the  Panamanian 
flag  on  their  masts  in  recent  years  is 
impossible  to  estimate  since  some  400 
heavily  veiled  dummy  corporations 
operate  there.  However,  the  best 
available  estimates  indicate  that  bet- 
ter than  half  of  the  825  odd  Pana- 
manian ships  are  actually  American 
owned.  Before  the  war,  Panama  had 
somewhere  in  the  neighborhood  of 
160  ships  flying  its  flag.  The  825 
ships  that  carry  Panamanian  registra- 
tion today  constitute  a  very  sizeable 
increase  in  merchant  marine  strength 
for  a  nation  which  has  virtually  no 
harbors,  no  drydocks,  no  navy  and 
no  seafarers.  A  handful  of  ships  could 


easily  handle  all  the  cargo  that  origi- 
nates in  Panama. 

The  Reporter,  hard-hitting  news 
magazine  on  current  events,  in  it- 
June  issue,  carried  a  thought-provok- 
ing article  on  the  flight  of  the  Ameri- 
can merchant  marine  to  foreign  flags 
Regarding  the  Panamanian  situation 
the  article  had  this  to  say: 

"The  shipowners'  arrange- 
ment with  Panama  has  mu- 
tual advantages.  They  pay  a 
registration  tax  of  one  dollar 
a  ton  and  an  annual  tax  of 
ten  cents  a  ton  thereafter, 
which  provide  this  republic 
of  74,000  people  with  a  third 
of  its  national  income.  On 
its  side,  Panama  gives  the 
shipowners  a  free  hand.  Un- 
like American-flag  operators, 
who  are  required  by  law  to 
hire  American  crews,  they 
can  comb  the  world's  water- 
front for  cheap  crews;  avoid 
the  exacting  safety  inspec- 
tions required  by  American 
statute;  and  dodge  American 
taxes. 

"Under  Panamanian  "pro- 
tection," for  example,  these 
companies  are  free  to  oper- 
ate "crimp  joints"  in  New 
York  which  generally  reject 
all  American  applicants. 

"One  firm,  the  American- 
Arabian  Oil  Company  (one- 
third  owned  by  the  Texas 
Company,  which  is  half  own- 
er of  a  Panamanian  company 
called  Overseas  Tankship 
Corporation),  hires  American 
chief  engineers  who  are  will- 
ing to  accept  $250  a  month 
instead  of  the  six-hundred- 
dollar  union  wage. 

"The  other  owner  of  Over- 
seas Tankship— Standard  Oil 
of    California— became    fam- 


THE    CARPENTER 


19 


ous  on  the  waterfront  when 
it  transferred  a  tanker  which 
was  docked  in  Hoboken  and 
told  the  master:  "Captain, 
you  don't  have  to  move  out 
of  your  cabin,  but  from  now 
on  your  wages  are  four  hun- 
dred a  month  instead  of  $660, 
and  you'll  have  a  Chinese 
crew." 

Shipping  is  a  highly  competitive 
business.  Apologists  for  Big  Business 
might  say  that  shipping  companies 
transferring  to  foreign  flags  are  merely 
indulging  in  sound  business  prac- 
tices by  making  it  possible  to  pick 
up  cheaper  crews  of  foreign  origin. 
After  all,  they  could  argue,  a  dollar 
an  hour  in  American  money  affords 
a  German  or  Dutch  or  Puerto  Bican 
crew  a  higher  living  standard  than 
two  dollars  an  hour  would  afford  an 
American  crew.  Did  the  shipping 
companies  maintain  decent  working 
conditions  and  enforce  accepted  safe- 
ty standards  on  their  ships,  such  argu- 
ments might  have  a  grain  of  merit 
in  them.  However,  such  is  not  the 
case.  The  ships  operating  under  for- 
eign flags  are  often  Hell-holes  of  rot- 
ten food,  inhuman  working  condi- 
tions and  sweatshop  wages.  A  study 
of  wage  and  safety  standards  on  ships 
flying  the  Panamanian  flag  which  the 
International  Labor  Organization  is 
making  has  been  held  up  twice  to  give 
Panama  an  opportunity  to  get  its 
house  in  better  order.  This  report  was 
finally  scheduled  for  release  late  last 
month  or  early  this  month.  Of  the 
thirty  odd  Panamanian  ships  studied 
by  the  ILO  commission,  the  report 
says: 

"There  are  no  regulations 
to  give  effect  to  the  Safety 
of  Lffe  at  Sea  Convention. 
There  are  no  regulations  con- 
cerning crew  accommoda- 
tions, manning  requirements, 
hours  of  work,  food  on  board 


ship  .  .  .  There  are  no  reme- 
dies enabling  seafarers  to  re- 
cover arrears  of  wages.  .  .  . 
The  crews  have  no  social  se- 
curity .  .  .  and  in  some  cases 
have  difficulty  in  making 
good  their  claims  .  .  .  safety 
(and  also)  social  and  labour 
standards  .  .  .  were  found  to 
be  very  low.  .  ." 
Another  advantage  that  accrues  to 
shipping  companies  transferring  their 
ships  to  foreign  flags  (at  the  expense 
of  the  United  States)  is  the  avoidance 
of  taxes.  The  Beporter  article  touched 
on  this  phase  of  the  ship  transfer  prob- 
lem at  some  length.  Said  the  article: 
"The  question  of  taxes  was 
explored  at  some  length  by  a 
Senate  subcommittee  headed 
by  Senator  Warren  Magnu- 
son,  whose  star  witness  was 
Millard    Gamble,    represent- 
ing Standard  Oil  of  New  Jer- 
sey. Mr.  Gamble  testified  that 
his  company  owned  twenty- 
three    Panamanian    tankers, 
through    its    subsidiary,    the 
Panama  Transport  Company; 
that  this  company  had  a  net 
income  of  forty-two  million 
dollars  in  the  last  ten  years; 
that  no  tax  had  been  paid  on 
this  sum  until  early  in  1949, 
when  a  dividend  of  twenty 
million  dollars  was  declared 
by  the  parent  firm.  The  com- 
mittee pounced    on    him: 

"Senator  Magnuson:  'The 
policy  of  the  Panama  Trans- 
port Co.  .  .  .is  to  allow  the 
profits,  if  any,  to  accumulate 
down  there,  then  pay  the 
dividend  at.  .  .  the  most  op- 
portune business  time?' 

"Mr.  Gamble:  'That  is  cor- 
rect.' 

"Senator  Brewster:  T 
would  not  be  so  unkind  as  to 
suggest  that  taxes  were  con- 


20 


THE    CARPENTER 


siderably  higher  in  1944,  '45, 
and  '46  .  .  .  so  that  probably 
you    made    se\-eral    million 
dollars  on  the  deferred  div- 
idend. .  .  .' 

"There  is  no  law  setting  a 
time  limit  on  the  accumula- 
tion of  such  profits   abroad, 
or  indeed  requiring  that  they 
ever  come  home  at  all." 
But   there   is    also    another   impor- 
tant fact  to  the  problem  of  ship  trans- 
fer; that  is,  national  security'.    \A'hen 
tlie   last  war   broke    out,    the   United 
States  found  itself  witli  a  badly  rid- 
dled but  highly  necessary  merchant 
marine.   The  nation  had  to  undertake 
a  tremendous   ship-building  program 
at  great  speed  and  considerable  sac- 
rifice   and    expense.     In    addition,    it 
had  to  spend  the  better  part  of  a  quar- 
ter billion  dollars  to  train  new  crews 
to  man  the  5.000  new  ships.    Better 
tlian  half  of  these  trained  men  have 
been   driven   off  the   sea   by  lack   of 
job    opportunities,    and    nearly    half 
of   the    ships    have   been   lost  to   the 
U.  S.  merchant  marine  tlirough  trans- 
fer or  sale.    Witli  the  war  clouds  as 
ominous   as  thev  are,  everv  thinking; 


citizen  must  ask  himself,  where  would 
this  nation  be  in  the  event  of  another 
Pearl  Harbor  next  week  or  next 
month? 

In  spite  of  all  these  things,  how- 
e\"er,  the  transfer  of  U.  S.  ships  to  for- 
eign registration  continues  unabated; 
all  because  the  shipping  companies 
find  the\'  can  squeeze  out  a  few  extra 
profit  dollars  from  backs  and  muscles 
of  foreign  seamen.  Corporations  may 
ha\"e  changed  their  attitude  toward 
their  employes  but  the  propagand- 
ists cannot  pro\'e  it  by  the  shipping 
companies.  The  shipping  corpora- 
tions are  a  group  that  found  a  loop- 
hole for  wiggling  out  from  under  the 
necessity  of  having  to  deal  ^\^th  un- 
ions. They  are  using  the  loophole 
to  the  maximum,  and  all  the  e\ils 
that  the  seafaring  unions  eliminated 
are  coming  back.  Let  the  propagand- 
ists rant  and  ra\"e  about  the  generosit}' 
and  enlightment  of  Big  Business.  The 
thinking  worker  knows  that  for  his 
ov"n  welfare  and  the  welfare  of  his 
famih',  his  one  hope  for  something  ap- 
proaching economic  justice,  rests  in 
membership  in  a  strong  and  stable 
union. 


H^soUiiiajt 


whereas  on  the  morning  of  May  16,  1950  the  Grim  Reaper  removed  from 
among  us  a  friend  and  co-worker,  ^-Vrtliur  Martel,  who  for  more  than  39  years 
served  M'iih  distinction  on  the  General  Executive  Board  of  the  United  Brodier- 
hood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  .\merica,  and  the  splendid  record  he  leaves 
behind  is  a  monument  to  a  life  well  spent.  We,  who  were  associated  with  him 
during  the  years  past  will  miss  him  from  our  meetings,  as  will  his  widow,  Mrs. 
Martel,  and  family  from  their  home;  be  it  dierefore, 

RESOLVED,  that  we  here\\ith  express  to  the  \\idow  and  family  our  deepest 
sj-mpathy;  and 

BE  IT  FURTHER  RESOLVED,  diat  a  page  in  the  minute  book  of  the  Gen- 
eral Executive  Board  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of 
America  be  set  aside  and  diis  Resolution  placed  thereon  as  a  tribute  to  die  mem- 
or>-  of  our  departed  Brother,  Ardiur  Martel. 

That  this  Resolution  be  published  in  "The  Carpenter"  and  a  copy  forsvarded 
to  Mrs.  Martel  at  Montreal. 

NOTE:       Approved   by   General   Executive   Board   May   22,   1950. 


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 

Qbnheal  Office  :  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


General  President 

WM.   L.   HDTCHESON 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


FiEST  General  Vice-President 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'    Building,   Indianapolis,    Ind. 


Acting  Secretary 

ALBERT   E.    FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN   R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'  Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


General  Treasurer 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Exkcctivb  Board 


First  District,    CHARLES   JOHNSON,   JR. 
Ill  E.  22nd  St.,   New  York  10,   N.   Y. 


Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBERTS 
3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second   District,    O.   WM.    BLAIBR 
933  E.  Magee,  Philadelphia  11,  Pa. 


Sixth  District,   A.   W.   MUIR 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District,  HARRY  SCHWARZER 
1248  Walnut  Ave.,    Cleveland,    O. 


Seventh  District 
3560    St.    Lawrence,    Montreal,    Que.,    Can. 


Fourth   District,    ROLAND   ADAMS 
712  West  Palmetto  St.,  Florence,    S.  C. 


WM.  L.   HUTCHESON,   Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 

Notice  to  Recording  Secretaries 

The  quarterly  circular  for  the  months  of  July,  August  and  September, 
1950,  containing  the  quarterly  password,  has  been  forwarded  to  all  Local 
Unions  of  the  United  Brotherhood.  Recording  Secretaries  not  in  receipt  of 
this  circular  should  notify  Albert  E.  Fischer,  Carpenters'  Building,  Indian- 
apolis, Indiana. 


REGULAR  MEETING  OF  THE  GENERAL 
EXECUTIVE  BOARD 

Carpenters'  Building 
Indianapolis,   Indiana 

May  22,  1950 
Since  the  previous  meeting  of  the  General  Executive  Board  the  following  trade  move- 
ments were  acted  upon: 

February  28,  1950 

Wichita,  Kans.,  L.  U.  201.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.87%  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  June  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  L.  U.  921.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.65  to  $1.90 
(house  carpenters)  and  $1.75  to  $2.00  (commercial)  per  hour,  eflEective  April  1,  1950. 
Official  sanction  granted. 

Kent,  Ohio,  L.  U.,  1499.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00  to  $2.25  per 
hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Orlando,  Fla.,  L.  U.  1765.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75 
per  hour,  effective  March  21,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 


22  THE    CARPENTER 

Hinton,  W.  Va.,  L.  U.  1874.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.62y2  to 
$1.87y2  per  hour,  effective  April   15,    1950.    Official  sanction   granted. 

Centralia,  Mo.,  L.  U.  2099.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  visages  from  $1.75  to  $2.50 
per  hour,  effective  February  28,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

March  10,  1950 

Oil  City,  Pa.,  L.  U.  830.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.85  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  June  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Ludington,  Mich.,  L.  U.  1547.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  effective  April  10,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Trail,  B.  C,  Canada,  L.  U.  2474.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.40  to 
$1.55  per  hour,  effective  March  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Lowell  D.  C,  Lowell,  Mass.,— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.15  to 
$2.30  per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

March  14,  1950 
Odessa,  Tex.,  L.  U.  2206.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.87y2  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  May  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

March   15,    1950 

Hudson,  Mass.,  L.  U.  400.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75 
per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Lynn,  Mass.,  L.  U.  595.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.05  to  $2.25  per 
hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Jacksonville,  111.,  L.  U.  904.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.12y2  to  $2.25 
per  hour,  effective  March  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Owensboro,  Ky.,  L.  U.  1341.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.80  to  $2.00 
(commercial)  and  $2.05  (housework)  per  hour,  effective  June  15,  1950.  Official  sanction 
granted. 

Huron,  S.  D.,  L.  U.  1713.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75 
per  hom:,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Plymouth,  Ind.,  L.  U.  1816.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  May  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

March  21,  1950 
Dubuque,  la.,  L.  U.  678.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.95  to  $2.00 

per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Batavia,  N.  Y.,  L.  U.  1151.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.21  to  $2.30 

per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Campbell  River,  B.  C,  Canada,  L.  U.  1882.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from 

$1.60  to  $1.75  per  hour,  effective  April   1,   1950.    Official  sanction   granted. 

•■  March  31,   1950 

Waterville,  Me.,  L.  U.  348.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from   $1.50  to  $1.75 
per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Greeley,  Colo.,  L.  U.  418.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Nanaimo,  B.  C,  Canada,  L.  U.  527.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.60 
to  $1.75  per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial 
aid. 

Baltimore,  Md.,  L.  U.  974.  (Millmen)— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.45 
to  $1.60  per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  widiout  financial  aid. 

La  Salle,  111.,  L.  U.  1197.  (Millmen)— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.25 
to  $1.35  per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Deer  Lodge,  Mont.,  L.  U.  1229.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  effective  May  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Prince  Rupert,  B.  C,  Canada,  L.  U.  1735.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from 
$1.60  to  $1.75  per  hour,  effective  April  2,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted,  vdthout  finan- 
cial aid. 

Calgary,  Alta.,  Canada,  L.  U.  1779.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.40  to 
$1.50  per  hour,  effective  April  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Saskatoon,  Sask.,  Canada,  L.  U.  1805.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  vi'ages  from  $1.39 
to  $1.50  per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  witliout  financial  aid. 


THE    CARPENTER  23 

Grand  Forks,  N.  D.,  L.  U.  2028.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.77% 
to  $1.85  per  hour,  effective  May  1,   1950.  Official  sanction   granted. 

Ottumwa,  la.,  L.  U.  2300.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.27  to  $1.52 
per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Herrin,  111.,  L.  U.  581.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Dubuque,  la.,  L.  U.  937.  (Millmen)— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $.94 
to  $1.15  per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

De  Kalb,  111.,  L.  U.  965.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00  to  $2.25 
per  hour,  effective  June  1,   1950.    OfRcial  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Lewistown,  Mont.,  L.  U.  1949.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  effective  May  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Atchison,  Kans.,  L.  U.  1980.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  July  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

April  14,  1950 

Berlin,  N.  H.,  L.  U.  2276.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
(carpenters)  and  $2.00  to  $2.25  (millwrights)  per  hour,  effective  June  1,  1950.  Official 
sanction  granted. 

April  17,  1950 

Port  Alberni,  B.  C,  Canada,  L.  U.  513.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from 
$1.60  to  $1.75  per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted,  without  finan- 
cial aid. 

Orange,  Mass.,  L.  U.  1059.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.67  to  $1.75 
per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Northampton,  Mass.,  L.  U.  1372.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75 
to  $1.87%  per  hour,  effective  April  1,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial 
aid. 

Ashtabula,  Ohio,  L.  U.  1629.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.25  to 
$2.60  per  hour,  effective  July  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Buffalo,  D.  C,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.25  to 
$2.50  per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

April  18,   1950 

Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.,  L.  U.  394.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50 
to  $1.75  per  hour,  effective  June  20,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Manchester,  N.  H.,  L.  U.  625.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.80  to 
$2.05  per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Muscatine,  la.,  L.  U.  717.  (Millmen)— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $.94 
to  $1.14  per  hour,  effective  May  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Lisbon,  Ohio,  L.  U.  1288.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  June  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Winona,  Minn.,  L.  U.  307.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  May  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  vdthout  financial  aid. 

Tyler,  Tex.,  L.  U.  1104.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00  to  $2.25  per 
hour,  effective  June  18,  1950.    OflBcial  sanction  granted. 

April  18,   1950 

VandaUa,  111.,  L.  U.  2122.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.25  to  $1.50 
(residential)  and  $1.50  to  $1.87y2  (commercial)  per  hour,  effective  June  3,  1950.  Official 
sanction  granted. 

lola,  Kans.,  L.  U.  2449.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75 
per  hour,  effective  May  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

May  11,  1950 

Bastrop,  La.,  L.  U.  2032.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
(carpenters)  and  from  $2.00  to  $2.25  (millwrights)  per  hour,  effective  July  1,  1950.  Offi- 
cial sanction  granted,  witliout  financial  aid. 

Chnton,  la.,  L.  U.  772.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.85  to  $2.10 
per  hour,  effective  June  20,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

May  15,  1950 

Plainfield,  N.  J.,  L.  U.  155  (Millmen).— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.80 
to  $2.00  per  hour,  effective  June  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

(Continued  on   page   28) 


Editorial 


Not  Exactly  Amateurs 

Today  the  wheels  of  industry  are  turning  at  the  highest  peacetime  rate  in 
history.  More  people  are  employed,  more  goods  are  being  turned  out,  more 
profits  are  accruing  to  corporations  than  in  any  comparable  peacetime 
period  in  the  world's  history.  Still  many  calamity  howlers  are  insisting  that 
the  nation  has  gone  to  the  dogs.  Some  financial  writers  and  reactionary 
columnists  are  working  themselves  into  a  lather  over  the  "terrible"  state 
of  things.  "Welfare  State,"  "Socialism,"  and  "Statism"  are  bugaboos  they 
belabor  day  in  and  day  out  in  their  writings.  These  are  the  things,  they 
claim,  which  are  destined  to  drive  us  into  the  doghouse  permanently.  Oncjy 
and  all,  they  peddle  the  same  brand  of  economic  hash. 

There  is  a  simple  exception,  however.  He  is  Frank  R.  Kent,  writer  for 
the  Washington  Star.  Kent  believes  the  nation  is  going  to  the  dogs,  too, 
but  for  another  reason.  According  to  Kent,  the  trouble  with  the  nation  is 
that  there  is  too  much  democracy.  Too  many  people  are  voting  and  that 
is  a  dangerous  thing.    In  a  recent  column  he  wrote: 

"An  incontestable  fact  about  politics  in  this  country  . .  .is  that 
lying  and  hypocrisy  steadily  increase  as  the  voting  population  grows. 
The  larger  the  vote,  the  more  fruitful  the  field  for  the  demagogues 
and  fakirs. 

"Beyond  dispute,  this  is  the  basic  reason  for  the  cheapening  of 
our  public  service  during  the  last  two  decades  in  which  the  vote  in 
presidential  elections  has  gone  from  38  million  in  1932  to  49  million 
in  1948.    The  estimate  for  1952  is  approximately  55  million." 

Kent  sings  a  song  that  is  popular  in  many  Big  Business  circles.  Alarmed  b; 
the  moderate  success  organized  labor  has  achieved  at  the  ballot  box,  manj 
business  associations  and  financial  journals  are  urging  businessmen  to  get  intc 
politics  up  to  their  ears.  To  hear  them  cry,  one  would  never  think  that  ii 
recent  years  they  managed  to  get  the  union-shackling  Taft-Hartley  Law  ot 
the  books,  a  soak  the  poor  tax  measure  enacted,  decent  housing  for  middk 
income  groups  killed,  and  a  host  of  other  progressive  legislation  buried 
committee. 

It  is  not  often  that  we  can  quote  one  daily  paper  to  refute  another.  How 
ever,  the  Toledo  Blade  ran  an  editorial  regarding  the  so-called  "menace"  of 
the  labor  vote  that  would  be  hard  to  equal.  Therefore,  we  are  answering 
Kent  by  merely  reprinting  the  "Blade"  editorial: 

"There  is  a  kind  of  guileless  innocence  about  the  exhortation  of 
the  United  States  Chamber  of  Commerce  to  the  businessmen  of 
America  to  'get  into  politics  themselves  down  to  the  grass  roots'  un- 
less they  are  ready  to  abandon  the  field  to  labors  active  and  vocal 
workers  in  the  voting  vineyards. 


i 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

"In  tracing  the  growth  of  labor  as  a  political  force  hy  way  of 
emphasizing  its  warning,  the  Chamber  goes  all  the  way  back  to 
formation  of  the  Working  Men's  Party  of  1828  and  brings  the  move- 
ment up  through  the  A.  F.  of  L.  League  for  Political  Education 
and  the  C.  I.  O.  Political  Action  Committee. 

"It  might  have  stopped  somewhere  along  the  way,  however,  to 
learn  that  businessmen  have  been  in  politics— down  to  the  grass 
roots'  and  then  some— for  many  more  years  than  labor  and  to  much 
more  obvious  effect. 

"It  would  have  found  an  interesting  way  station,  surely,  in  the 
era  of  the  late  19th  and  early  20th  centuries  when  senators  and  rep- 
resentatives in  Congress  were  barefaced  servants  of  the  business 
interests  to  whom  they  acknowledged  their  election.  It  might  have 
studied  those  days  of  'coal  senators,'  and  'steel  senators,'  and  'copper 
senators'— days  when  business  interests  ruled  the  political  roost  al- 
most by  default. 

"For  that  matter,  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  must  be  aware  that 
railroads,  utilities  companies,  and  most  other  business  concerns  are 
far  from  inactive  in  politics  today. 

"It  must  know  that  their  contributions— pecuniary  and  otherwise- 
continue  to  play  an  important  part  in  the  political  arts  in  this  country. 

"It  can't  be  ignorant  of  the  fact  that  the  National  Association  of 
Manufacturers,  the  Small  Business  Men's  Association,  and  even  the 
United  States  Chamber  of  Commerce  play  an  active  and  important 
role  in  politics— both  before  and  after  elections. 

"In  blissfully  ignoring  these  realities,  the  Chamber  may  only  have 
been  looking  back  nostalgically  to  those  days  of  which  it  speaks— 
the  days  of  1828  and  more  than  a  hundred  years  thereafter— when 
the  political  field  was  left  almost  unchallenged  to  the  maneuverings 
of  business  interests.  But  surely  this  is  not  in  accord  with  the 
chamber's  basic  belief  in  the  merits  of  competition  in  all  things. 

"The  rise  of  labor  as  a  political  force  within  the  last  20  years  is 
indeed  a  remarkable  phenomenon  and,  on  the  whole,  a  very  healthy 
one. 

"The  Chamber  of  Commerce  may  be  well  advised  in  apprising 
businessmen  of  the  magnitude  of  this  new  force.  But  such  old  hands 
at  the  game  can  hardly  be  represented  as  embattled  amateurs  rising 
to  the  threat  of  labors  domination  of  politics." 


Sauce  For  The  Gander 

Recently  the  House  Committee  on  Lobbying  activities  undertook  its  task 
of  investigating  the  affairs  of  some  of  the  major  lobbies  now  operating  in 
Washington.  Among  the  first  lobbying  organization  to  come  under  the  scrutiny 
of  the  investigating  committee  last  month  was  the  Committee  for  Consti- 
tutional Government,  notorious  anti-labor  and  anti-progressive  organization 
which  seems  to  have  unlimited  funds  for  fighting  all  pro-labor  legislation 
and  any  other  legislation  that  is  in  the  least  progressive.  However,  the  com- 
mittee  did  not  get  very  far  with  its   investigation   of   CCG.     Last   month 


26  THE    CARPENTER 

Edward  A.  Rumely,  executi\"e  secretan.'  of  the  Committee  for  Constitutional 

Government,  flatly  refused  to  provide  the  investigating  committee  with 
an  accounting  of  contributions  and  expenses  handled  by  CCG  and  its  newest 
front  organization,  Fighters  For  Freedom.  As  this  was  being  written,  the  in- 
vestigating committee  was  pondering  the  ad\'isability  of  citing  Rumely  for 
contempt. 

The  committee  is  also  interested  in  finding  out  who  pays  the  bills  for 
the  National  Economic  Council  and  the  Constitutional  Educational  League. 

These  reactionary,  anti-labor  organizations  have  refused  to  show  finan- 
cial records  to  committee  investigators. 

Joseph  P.  Kamp,  executive  director  of  the  Constitutional  Education 
League,  also  appeared  witliout  his  records.  He  said  he  didn't  have  time  to 
get  them  ready. 

Merwin  K.  Hart  reluctantly  handed  o\'er  a  list  of  contributors  to  his 
National  Economic  Council  but  demanded  that  it  be  kept  secret  because 
"enemies  of  American  libert}'"  want  to  smear  them. 

The  House  Committee  has  been  studying  lobby  activities  for  more  than 
six  months.  These  three  organizations  are  the  first  the  committee  has  in- 
vestigated which  have  hidden  their  records. 

.Aay  organization  can  lobby.  But  the  people  have  a  right  to  know  who 
supports  any  lobby. 

If,  say,  U.  S.  Steel  or  General  Motors  puts  up  money  for  a  certain  group, 
the  people  should  know  that  just  as  they  know  that  eight  milHon  trade 
unionists  support  AFL  Lobbying  activities. 

The  CCG  was  established  in  the  1930's  by  Frank  Gaimett,  a  New  York 
chain  newspaper  publisher.  Gannett  and  his  CCG  buddies  are  "back-to- 
McKinley"  boys. 

Edward  A.  Rumely,  in  the  lobbying  committee's  words,  is  the  "guiding 
genius'  of  CCG.  He  has  been  executive  secretary  of  the  group  since  it 
started. 

-After  World  War  I  Rumely  was  found  guilty  of  concealing  a  personal 
indebtedness  of  $1  milHon  to  the  German  Government  of  Kaiser  Wilhelm. 
Rumely  used  the  money  to  convert  a  New  York  newspaper  into  a  German 
propaganda  publication.  He  was  sentenced  to  prison  for  covering  up  the 
debt,  and  only  a  presidential  pardon  kept  him  from  ser\^ing  time. 

Twice  before,  in  1938  and  1944,  Rumely  withheld  information  about  the 
CCG  from  Congressional  committees.  He  was  cited  for  contempt  of  Con- 
gress in  1944. 

The  CCG  is  one  of  the  wealthiest  lobbies  in  the  nation.  From  August, 
1946,  through  September,  1949,  it  has  reported  to  Congress  spending  more 
than  SI. 5  milHon  for  lobbying.   That's  a  rate  of  830,000  a  month. 

In  1949  only  the  American  Medical  Association  (AMA)  spent  more  for 
lobbying  than  CCG.    The  figures  are:  AMA,  $1.5  million  CCG,  $621,000. 

Throughout  its  existence  the  CCG  has  operated  behind  many  fronts.  Its 
current  one  is  Fighters  for  Freedom  (FEE).  Money-raisers  for  FEE  go  into 
cities,  buy  full-page  advertisements  in  newspapers  and  then  hit  business- 
men for  contributions. 


THE    CARPENTER  27 

Now  that  the  government  is  delving  into  the  affairs  of  the  Committee 
for  Constitutional  Government  and  its  front  organization,  Fighters  for  Free- 
dom, both  organizations  are  screaming  and  ranting  about  the  "unconsti- 
tutionality" of  a  Congressional  committee  demanding  an  accounting  of  their 
affairs.  Yet  both  of  these  organizations  backed  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  to  the 
hilt  and  still  continue  to  do  so  despite  the  fact  the  law  requires  political 
committees  within  the  labor  movement  to  periodically  report  all  contribu- 
tions received  and  all  monies  expended  in  amounts  over  $10.  This  shows 
how  interested  these  organizations  really  are  in  upholding  the  constitution 
The  very  foundation  stone  of  the  constitution  revolves  around  equal  treat- 
ment for  all.  However,  this  seems  to  be  the  last  thing  CCG  wants.  As  far 
as  CCG  is  concerned,  requiring  labor  unions  to  account  for  their  political 
activities  down  to  the  last  penny  is  okay;  but  when  it  comes  to  giving  the 
same  treatment  to  mysteriously  financed  mouthpieces  for  Big  Business  they 
strenuously  object. 

As  this  was  being  written,  the  House  Committee  was  pondering  con- 
tempt action  against  Rumely.  If  he  continues  to  defy  the  committee  in  its 
efforts  to  find  out  who  is  providing  the  millions  his  organizations  throw 
around  in  lobbying  activities,  he  should  be  fined  or  sent  to  jail  just  the  same 
as  any  union  official  would  be  if  he  failed  to  report  a  $10  political  expenditure 
to  the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  as  provided  for  in  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Law. 

What  is  sauce  for  the  goose  ought  to  be  sauce  for  the  gander. 


Then  They  Will  Have  A  Right  To  Talk 

As  this  issue  was  going  to  press,  committees  from  the  House  and  Senate 
were  scheduled  to  get  together  for  the  purpose  of  compromising  differences  in 
the  House  and  Senate  versions  of  the  new  Social  Security  bill.  Out  of  these 
deliberations  will  come  a  measure  designed  to  give  retiring  workers  something 
a  good  deal  closer  to  an  adequate  old  age  pension  than  the  present  law  pro- 
vides for. 

Better  Social  Security  payments  did  not  come  easily.  A  host  of  Congress- 
men and  other  public  officials  opposed  liberalization  of  the  present  law.  Many 
of  them  are  opposed  to  the  whole  Social  Security  program.  They  visualize  it 
as  part  of  a  "welfare  state."  However,  the  strange  part  of  it  all  is  that  they 
have  their  own  hands  out  for  all  they  can  get.  Only  a  few  years  ago  members 
of  Congress  voted  themselves  a  fine  pension  program  and  they  did  not  place 
an  $85  maximum  on  it  either. 

When  these  public  officials  who  bleat  so  loudly  about  the  "welfare  state" 
turn  down  their  own  pensions  and  other  special  privileges  because  they  are 
"socialistic"  and  "demoralizing,"  they  will  have  some  right  to  oppose  Social 
Security.  But  so  long  as  they  keep  their  own  palms  extended  for  all  they  can 
get,  it  little  behooves  them  to  talk  of  the  socialistic  aspects  of  Social  Security 
pensions,  particularly  when  Social  Security  pensions  are  paid  for  by  contribu- 
tions instead  of  coming  out  of  general  taxes  as  many  pensions  to  public 
officials  do. 


28  THE    CARPENTER 

(Continued  from   page  23 J 

Binghampton.  X.  Y..  L.  U.  281.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  S2.10  to 
$2.25  per  hour,  effective  May  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Delaware.  Ohio.  L.  U.  1287.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 75  to 
$2.17  per  hoxir,   effective  May  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Middletown.  Ohio.  L.  U.  1477.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  S2.10  to 
$2.20  per  hour,  effective  June  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Norfolk,  Neb.,  L.  U.  2364. —Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  SI. 50  to  SI. 75 
per  houa:,  effective  May  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

May   16,    1950 

Canipbellton,  N.  B.,  Canada,.  L.  U.  2539.  (Millmen)— Movement  for  an  increase  in 
wages  from  S.65  to  S.75  per  hour,  effective  June  7.  1950.  Official  sanction  granted,  \\4th- 
out  financial  aid. 

Carpenters'  Building 
Indianapolis,   Indiana 
May  22,  1950 

Regular  meeting  of  the  General  Executive  Board  was  held  at  tlie  General  Office, 
Indianapolis,  Indiana,  on  the  above  date. 

The  General  President  reported  that  Arthur  Martel,  Board  Member  of  the  Seventh 
District,  died  on  May  16,  1950.  after  which  the  following  Resolution  was  unanimously 
adopted: 

Whereas  on  the  morning  of  May  16,  1950  the  Grim  Pieaper  removed 
from  among  us  a  friend  and  co-worker,  .\rthur  Martel,  who  for  more  than  39 
years  ser\-ed  ynXh.  distinction  on  the  General  E.xecutive  Board  of  the  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America,  and  the  splendid  record 
he  leaves  behind  is  a  monument  to  a  life  well  spent.  We,  who  were 
associated  \^"ith  him  during  the  years  past  will  miss  him  from  our  meetings, 
as  wiH.  his  widow,  Mrs.  Martel,  and  family  from  their  home:  be  it  therefore. 

Resolved,  that  we  here\^"ith  express  to  the  widow  and  family  our  deepest 
s>'mpathy:   and 

Be  It  Further  Resolved,  that  a  page  in  the  minute  book  of  the  General 
E.xecutive  Board  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of 
America  be  set  aside  and  this  Resolution  placed  thereon  as  a  tribute  to  the 
memory  of  our  departed  Brother,  Arthur  Martel, 

That  this  Resolution  be  published  in  "The  Carpenter"  and  a  copy  for- 
warded to  Mrs.  Martel  at  Montreal. 

The  General  President  reported  fully  on  matters  affecting  our  Organization  since 
the  lasf  meeting  of  the  Board.    The  subject  matters  as  reported  were  carefully  considered. 

Renewal  of  Bond  of  General  Treasmrer  S.  P.  Meadows  in  the  suni  of  S50,000.00  for 
one  year  expiring  Februar>'  1,  1951  through  the  United  States  Fidelity  and  Guaranty 
Company  of  Baltimore,  Mar>'land,  was  referred  to  our  Legal  Department. 

Renewal  of  Bond  on  .\ssistant  Superintendent  of  Carpenters'  Home,  Lakeland,  Flor- 
ida, in  the  sxmi  of  S20,000.00  tfirough  the  L'nited  States  Fidehty  and  Guaranty  Company 
of  Baltimore,  Marjdand,  for  one  year  ending  March  10,  1951.  was  referred  to  our  Legal 
Departn:ient. 

Renewal  of  the  plate  glass  insurance  at  222  East  Michigan  Street  for  one  year  ending 
March  28,  1951  vs-ith  the  United  States  Fidelity  and  Guaranty  Company  of  Baltimore, 
Mar\-land;  was  referred  to  our  Legal  Department. 

Renewal  of  Bond  on  Chief  Clerk  C.  A.  Meloy  in  the  Sum  of  SIO/JOO.OO  through  the 
Capitol  Indemnity  Insm-ance  Company  of  IndianapoHs,  Indiana,  for  one  year  ending 
April  1.  1951,  was  referred  to  our  Legal  Department. 

May  23,   1950 

The  General  President  informed  the  General  Executive  Board  of  the  communications 
received  from  om:  several  Local  Unions  in  the  vicinity  of  Winnipeg,  Manitoba,  Canada, 
appealing  for  financial  assistance  to  meet  an  immediate,  serious  situation  created  as  the 
result  of  the  flood  waters  recently  in  that  area.  Our  members  in  the  flooded  area  are 
desperate  and  in  need  of  immediate  financial  assistance.  Many  are  homeless  and  the 
entire  cit>-  is  practically  evacuated— and  heavy  losses  have  been  sustained  by  our 
members. 


THE    CARPENTER  29 

In  connection  with  the  above  urgent  appeal,  the  General  Executive  Board  appropriated 
tlie  sum  of  $50,000.00  to  help  alleviate  the  suffering  and  hardship  in  that  area. 

Likewise  the  attention  of  tlie  General  Executive  Board  was  called  to  the  earnest 
request  for  financial  assistance  in  Rimouski  and  Cabano  in  tlie  Province  of  Quebec, 
Canada,  due  to  the  disastrous  fire  recently  in  that  area. 

The  devastation  was  severe— leaving  homeless  thousands  of  families,  and  directly 
effecting  the  lumber  industry  in  this  vicinity. 

After  due  consideration  the  General  Executive  Board  decided  to  contribute  the  sum 
of  $20,000.00  for  relief  in  this  area— to  be  proportioned  according  to  need. 

A  communication  from  Oliver  Lance,  a  member  of  Local  Union  1780,  Las  Vegas, 
Nevada,  setting  forth  his  desire  to  appeal  to  the  next  General  Convention  from  a 
decision  rendered  by  the  General  President,  May  16,  1947  and  sustained  by  the  General 
Executive  Board  October  16,  1947,  in  tlie  case  of  Oliver  Lance  versus  Local  Union  1780, 
Las  Vegas,  Nevada,  was  read,  after  which  it  was  unanimously  decided  that  the  statute  of 
hmitations  prevails  and  so  applies  in  this  case. 

Appeal  of  Robert  Bitcon,  a  member  of  Local  Union  180,  Vallejo,  California,  from 
the  decision  of  the  General  President  in  the  case  of  Robert  Bitcon  versus  Local  Union 
180,  Vallejo,  California,  was  considered,  after  which  the  decision  of  the  General  President 
was  unanimously  sustained  on  the  grounds  set  forth  therein,  and  the  appeal  dismissed. 

Appeal  of  Archie  L.  Gillett,  a  member  of  Local  Union  721,  Los  Angeles,  California, 
from  the  decision  of  the  General  President  in  the  case  of  Archie  L.  Gillett  versus  Los 
Angeles  District  Council,  was  considered,  after  which  the  decision  of  the  General  Presi- 
dent was  unanimously  sustained  on  tlie  grounds  set  forth  therein  and  the  appeal  dismissed. 

Appeal  of  Virgil  Cole  from  the  decision  of  the  General  President  in  the  case  of 
Virgil  Cole  versus  Sierra  Nevada  Foothills  District  Council,  Grass  Valley,  California, 
was  considered,  after  which  the  decision  of  the  General  President  was  unanimously 
sustained  on  tlie  grounds  set  forth  therein,  and  the  appeal  dismissed. 

The  annual  report  of  the  Secretary  was  submitted  to  the  Board  which  was  filed  for 
future   reference. 

May  24,  1950 

Bay  Counties,  D.  C,  San  Francisco,  Calif.,— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from 
$2.22V2  to  $2.50  per  hour,   efFective  April    11,    1950.    Official  sanction   granted. 

Derby,  Conn.,  L.  U.  127.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.10  to  $2.35 
per  hour,  effective  May  24,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Cambridge,  Ohio,  L.  U.  245.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  July  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Vincennes,  Ind.,  L.  U.  274.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  July  1,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted. 

Leavenwortli,  Kans.,  L.  U.  499.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  effective  August  18,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

The  General  President  called  to  tlie  attention  of  the  Board,  a  report  he  received 
concerning  tlie  activities  of  Labor's  League  for  Political  Education,  as  well  as  finan- 
cial report  from  the  Administrative  Committee.  After  some  discussion  it  was  decided 
to  make  a  further  contribution  in  the  sum  of  $20,000.00  for  tlie  promotion  of  educational 
work  of  Labor's  League  for  Political  Education. 

Communication  from  tlie  British  Columbia  Provincial  Council  of  Carpenters  recom- 
mending that  an  Eighth  District  be  set  up  comprising  several  Provinces  in  Canada  was 
read;  fikewise  communications  from  several  Local  Unions  in  tlie  proposed  area  where  the 
contemplated  Eighdi  District  is  to  be  established,  were  discussed  and  considered,  after 
which  it  was  decided  that  tlie  entire  matter  be  referred  to  the  coming  General  Convention 
of  our  Brotherhood,  without  recommendation  by  our  General  Executive  Board. 

Request  for  financial  assistance  from  Local  Union  937,  Dubuque,  Iowa,  was 
referred  to  the  resident  General  Officers. 

May  25,   1950 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  168,  Kansas  City,  Kansas,  from  the  decision  of  the  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  claim  for  funeral  donations  of  the  late  James  L.  Wilson, 
for  the  reason  he  was  not  in  benefit  standing  at  the  time  of  deatli,  was  considered  and 
the  action  of  the  General  Treasurer  was  sustained. 

Appeal  of  Local  1871,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  from  tlie  decision  of  the  General  Treasurer 
in  disapproving  the  disability  donation  of  Nelson  Wood,  a  member  of  said  Local,  was 
referred  back  to  the  General  Treasxirer  for  further  consideration. 


30  THE    CARPENTER 

Communication  from  Local  1804,  Moose  Jaw,  Saskatchewan,  Canada,  in  reference 
to  the  funeral  donation  on  WiUiam  Henderson  Lemon,  in  which  the  Board  at  its  regular 
meeting  of  February  24,  1950  sustained  the  action  of  the  General  Treasurer,  said  claim 
was  reviewed  and  the  Board  reaffirmed  its  previous  action. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  2135,  Chippewa  Falls,  Wisconsin,  from  the  decision  of  the 
General  Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  claim  for  funeral  donations  of  the  late  Francis  G. 
Hartman,  for  the  reason  that  he  was  not  in  benefit  standing  at  the  time  of  death,  was 
considered  and  the  action  of  the  General  Treasiurer  was  sustained. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  559,  Paducah,  Kentucky,  from  the  decision  of  the  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  claim  for  funeral  donations  of  the  late  Rommy  Hamilton 
was  given  consideration,  after  which  it  was,  upon  motion,  referred  back  to  the  General 
Treasurer  for  further  consideration. 

Jackson,  Mich.,  L.  U.  651.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00  to  $2.25 
per  hour,  effective  July  10,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Gloucester,  Mass.,  L.  U.  910.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.87%  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  effective  June  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Samia,  Ont.,  Canada,  L.  U.  1256.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.35  to 
$1.50  per  hour,  effective  May  31,   1950.    Official  sanction   granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Fort  Collins,  Colo.,  L.  U.  1340.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  effective  July  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

May  26,  1950 

Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  L.  U.  1475.  (Fmniture  Workers)— Movement  for  an  increase  in 
wages  from  $.75  to  $1.10  per  hour,  effective  May  4,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted,  with- 
out financial  aid. 

Logan,  W.  Va.,  L.  U.  1969.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00  to  $2.25 
per  horn-,  effective  June  1,  1950,    Offxial  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

La  Crosse,  Wis.,  L.  U.  2001.  (Mill  and  Furniture  Workers)— Movement  for  an  increase 
in  wages  from  $.75  and  $1.40  to  $.95  and  $1.60  per  hour,  effective  May  18,  1950.  Official 
sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

RoUa,  Mo.,  L.  U.  2298.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.65  to  $1.75 
(commercial)  per  hour,  effective  July  15,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Port  Washington,  Wis.,  L.  U.  1131.  (Fimiiture  Workers)— Movement  for  an  increase 
in  wages  from  $1.18  to  $1.40  per  homr,  effective  May  29,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted, 
without  financial  aid. 

After  some  discussion  and  carefully  considering  the  subject  matter  of  claims  for 
donations  of  Local  254,  Cleveland,  Ohio,  the  Board  decided  that  the  General  Treasurer 
pay  the  said  claims,  provided  their  membership  has   been  properly  substantiated. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  954,  Mt.  Vernon,  Washington,  from  the  decision  of  the  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  claim  for  funeral  donations  of  the  late  Ernest  Gilhs  was 
considered,   and  upon  motion  the   decision  of  the   General   Treasurer  was   sustained. 

In  further  reference  to  the  appeal  of  Local  Union  956,  New  York,  New  York,  re- 
garding the  claim  of  Anthony  Tramintano  for  disability  donation,  which  was  held  in 
abeyance  for  additional  information,  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Board,  and  after 
due  consideration,  a  motion  prevailed  that  inasmuch  as  the  member  indicated  he  did 
not  know  until  September  1949  that  he  would  be  permanently  disabled  that  the  General 
Treasiu-er  pay  the  claim.    Carried. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  1372,  Easthampton,  Massachusetts,  from  the  decision  of  the 
General  Treasurer  in  disapproving  disability  claim  of  Arthur  T.  Cotnoir,  for  the  reason 
that  the  statute  of  limitations  had  expired.  Alter  due  consideration  a  motion  prevailed 
that  the  decision  of  the  General  Treasurer  be  sustained.    Carried. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  1667,  Biloxi,  Mississippi,  from  the  decision  of  the  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  claim  for  funeral  donations  of  the  late  Eddie  Cannette, 
for  the  reason  that  he  was  not  in  benefit  standing  at  the  time  of  death,  was  considered 
and  the  action  of  the  General  Treasiurer  was  sustained. 

May  27,  1950 
The  attention  of  the  General  Executive  Board  was  called  to  the  various  resolutions 
and    letters    received    from    Local    Unions,    District    and    State    Councils,    endorsing    the 
present  General  Officers  as  well  as  the  Executive  Board  Members  for  continuance  in  office 
for  the  ensuing  term— same  were  noted  with  interest. 


THE    CARPENTER  31 

Regarding  the  terms  of  the  temporary  accord  reached  some  years  ago  with  respect 
to  the  installation  of  acoustical  material,  after  due  consideration  and.  by  unanimous 
action  of  the  Board,  the  following  letter  was  sent  to  the  President  of  the  Building  and 
Construction  Trades  Department  of  tlie  American  Federation  of  Labor. 

May  26,  1950 
Mr.  Richard  J.  Gray,  President, 
Building  and  Construction  Trades  Department, 
Rm.  500,  A.  F.  of  L.  Building 
Washington,  D.   C. 
Dear  Sir  and  Brother: 

"The  General  Executive  Board  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters 
and  Joiners  of  America  now  in  session  at  Indianapolis  by  unanimous  action 
has  directed  me  to  notify  you  that  this  organization  will  no  longer  consider 
itself  bound  by  the  terms  of  the  temporary  accord  reached  among  the 
Bricklayers,  Plasterers  and  Carpenters  at  the  Thirty-third  Annual  Convention 
of  the  Building  and  Construction  Trades  Department  held  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  September,  1939. 

"The  alleged  accord  purports  to  resolve  the  difference  between  Brick- 
layers, Plasterers  and  Carpenters  with  respect  to  the  installation  of  acoustical 
material.  In  explaining  to  the  delegates  at  tlie  1939  convention  it  was 
definitely  stated  by  Delegate  Bates  that  this  was  a  temporary  agreement  and 
that  an  endeavor  would  be  made  to  adjust  the  matter  at  a  later  date. 

"Under  the  circumstances,  therefore,  we  hereby  notify  the  Department 
that  what  purports  to  be  an  accord  on  this  matter,  and  which  is  set  forth  on 
Page  159  of  the  printed  proceedings  of  the  Thirty-third  Annual  Convention 
of  the  Department  will  under  no  circumstances  be  considered  as  binding 
upon  us." 

Fraternally  yours, 

WILLIAM  L.  HUTCHESON 

General  President 

The  following  Agreement  was  approved  by  the  General  Executive  Board,  and  the 
committee  appointed  was  instructed  to  meet  with  committee  representing  tlie  Wood, 
Wire  and  Metal  Lathers  International  Union— to  complete  the  Agreement  by  signing 
same. 

Agreement  entered  into  by  and  between  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America  and  the  Wood,  Wire  and  Metal  Latliers 
International  Union. 

The  object  of  this  agreement  is  to  prevent  jurisdictional  disputes  between 
the  parties  with  respect  to  the  work  referred  to  herein.  In  an  endeavor  to 
accomplish  that  object,  the  parties  hereto  agree  as  follows: 

1.  Whenever  partitions  or  walls  are  erected  with  light  iron  furring 
and  metal  lath  applied,  the  metal  base,  beads  or  guards,  attached 
thereto  for  the  pxirpose  of  receiving  plaster  shall  be  the  work  of 
members  of  the  Wood,  Wire  and  Metal  Lathers  International 
Union. 

2.  All  other  metal  trim  applied  to  other  types  of  partitions  or  walls 
before  or  after  plastering  (except  metal  corner  beads  or  guards  to 
receive  plaster)  shall  be  the  work  of  members  of  the  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America. 

3.  The  setting  of  all  metal  door  bucks,  or  frames  and  all  metal 
window  frames  shall  be  the  work  of  members  of  the  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America. 

In  witness  whereof  the  parties  hereto  have  hereunto  set  their  hands  and  seals  this 
day  of  May,  1950. 


United    Brotherhood    of    Carpenters  Wood,  Wire  and  Metal  Lathers 

and    Joiners    of    America                                             International  Union 
By By 


32 


THE     CARPENTER 


The  General  Executive  Board  went  into  session  as  Board  of  Trustees. 
A    sub-committee    of   the  Board    checked   the   securities    of    the    Brotherhood    in    the 
Indiana  National  Bank  of  Indianapohs,  Indiana  and  submitted  the  following  report: 

TO  THE  GENERAL  EXECUTIVE  BOARD: 

Your   committee   appointed  to   examine   the   securities   in  the    Indiana  National   Bank 
find  them  all  in  order  as  follows: 


GENERAL  FUND 

$1,000,000.00 

U. 

s. 

Treasury 

2%s 

1963-68 

1.000.000.00 

U. 

s. 

Treas\u->' 

2%s 

1964-69 

500.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Treasury' 

2%s 

1964-69 

50.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1953 

50.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1954 

50.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1954 

100,000.00 

u. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1957 

25,000.00 

u. 

s. 

Certificate 

iy4s 

1950 

(Held   in  N.   Y.) 
Rec.  17578 

1.000.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Treasur>^ 

2^48 

1959-62 

20,000.00 

u. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

(From  Project  Fund) 

700,000.00 

u. 

s. 

Treasury 

lyss 

1951 

(Held  in  N.  Y.) 
Rec.  18462 

100.000.00 

Adams  Packing  Debentures 

due 

1950 

210.000.00 

Adams  Packing  Assn 

.    Preferred  Stock- 

-100.00  Share 

107.000.00 

Canadian  Bonds 

3s 

1959 

50.000.00 

Canadian  Bonds 

4s 

1960 

50.000.00 

Canadian  Victor}' 

3s 

1956 

100.000.00 

Canadian  Bonds 

1%S 

1950 

100.000.00 

Canadian  Bonds 

3s 

1958 

100,000.00 

Canadian  Bonds 

3s 

1966 

DEFENSE 

;  FUND 

$      50,000.00 

U. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1954 

105,000.00 

U. 

s. 

Certificate 

iy4s 

1950 

(Held  in  N.  Y.) 
Rec.  17442 

50,000.00 

U. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1953 

HOME 

AND  PENSION 

FUND 

$      50.000.00 

U. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1953 

50,000.00 

u. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1954 

50.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1954 

50.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1955 

100.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Defense 

2%s 

1957 

500.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Treasury 

2%s 

1963-68 

100.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Treasury 

2%s 

1964-69 

500.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Treasury 

2%s 

1964-69 

140,000.00 

u. 

s. 

Certificate 

iy4S 

1950 

(Held  in  N.  Y.) 

500.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Certificate 

lyss 

1951 

(Held  in  N.  Y.) 

300.000.00 

u. 

s. 

Certificate 

l^ss 

1950 

(Held  in  N.  Y.) 

150.000.00     Adams  Packing  Assn.   Stock— 1500  shares  common— 100.00  share 
250^000.00     Adams   Packing  Debentures-5  at  50,000.00  each 

For  the  information  of  the  Board,  a  lot  of  the  securities  are  held  in  New  York  under 
the  super\-ision  of  the  Indiana  National  Bank. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

/s/   H.    Schwarzer 
/s/  Roland  Adams 

There  being  no  fiulher  business  to  be  acted  upon   the   Board   adjourned   to   meet  ?t 
the  call  of  the  Chairman. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ALBERT  E.  FISCHER, 

Acting  Secretary 


2(tt  m 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them, 
Not  dead,  just  gone  before; 


ttntfrxntn 


They  still  live  in  our  memory. 
And  will  forever  more 


%tBi  in  ^tntt 

Thm  Editor  hat  been  requested  to  publish  the  names 
•/    the    following    Brothers    who    have    passed    away. 


JOSEPH    ARON,    L.    U.    11,    Cleveland,    Ohio 

J.  F.  ATKINSON,  L.  U.   1665,   Alexandria,  Va. 

LEONARD    BEAVERS,   L.    U.    1665,   Alexandria, 
Va. 

RUDOLPH  BOEDECKER,  L.  U.  608,  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

GEORGE  S.  BROWN,  L.  U.  746,  Norwalk,  Conn. 

J.   W.   BURCH,    L.   U.    916,    Aurora,    111. 

W.  E.   CAMPBELL,  L.   U.    1749,   Anniston,   Ala. 

ERNEST  CANGIANO,  L.  U.  51,  Boston,  Mass. 

K.  J.   CAREY,  L.  U.   1665,   Alexandria,   Va. 

ALFRED    CARLSON,   L.   U.   67,   Boston,    Mass. 

WILLIAM    CARROLL,   L.   U.   51,   Boston,   Mass. 

BERNARD    CASSERLY,   L.   U.   2131,   Pottsville, 

Pa. 
WOLF    CHODOS,   L.    U.    488,   New   York,    N.   Y. 

CARSTEN  CHRISTIANSEN,  L.  U.  416,  Chicago, 
III. 

O.  G.   COCHRAN,   L.   U.  213,  Houston,   Tex. 

WILLIAM   DANNER,  L.  U.  461,  Highwood,   IlL 

ROSARIO   GALIPEAU,   L.   U.   801,   Woonsocket, 
R.   I. 

W.    S.   GEORGE,    L.    U.    1339,    Morgantown,    W. 
Va. 

CHAS.   GIBBONS,   L.   U.   60,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 

ALEXANDER    GONCHARKO,    L.    U.    608,    New 
York,   N.    Y. 

CLARENCE  S.  GOODRICH,  L.  U.   665,   Amaril- 
lo,    Tex. 

ANTON    GROSS,    L.    U.    488,    New   York,    N.    Y. 

PAUL   R.   HAHN,  L.   U.   226,   Portland,   Ore. 

S.  A.  HATTON,  L.  U.  226,  Portland,  Ore. 

WILLIAM    HELLMAN,    L.    U.    488,    New    York, 
N.   Y. 

RICHARD   R.   HILL,   L.    U.    583,    Portland,   Ore. 

F.   E.   HOLCOMB,   L.   U.    1822,   Ft.   Worth,    Tex. 

H.  G.  HOPSON,  L.  U.  1779,  Calgary,  Alta.,  Can. 


BYRON    L.    HOYT,    L.    U.    871,    Battle    Creek, 
Mich. 

JOE  HUGHES,  L.  U.   770,  Yakima,   Wash. 

JESSE   C.   lAMS,  L.  U.   143,   Canton,  Ohio 

FRED  LANGOLD,  L.  U.  419,  Chicago,  IlL 

CHAS.  M.  LEE,  L.  U.  764,  Shreveport,  La. 

PATRICK     MC  ELLIGOTT,    L.     U.     608,     New 
York,  N.  Y. 

P.    A.    MCMILLAN,    L.    U.    213,    Houston,    Tex. 

CARL  K.  MAGESKE,  L.  U.  583,  Portland,   Ore. 

CHARLES    MINGOIA,   L.   U.   366,   Bronx,    N.   Y. 

JOHN   J.   NEVINS,   L.   U.   366,   Bronx,   N.  Y. 

JOHN   OSTERHAUG,   L.   U.   583,   Portland,   Ore. 

NED  PRITCHARD,  L.  U.  1822,  Ft.  Worth,  Tex. 

A.   L.   RANDALL,   L.   U.  213,   Houston,   Tex. 

CHARLES    ROWE,    L.    U.    746,    Norwalk,    Conn. 

A.  J.  SCHOLL,  L.   U.  213,  Houston,  Tex. 

HYMAN   SHUSHANSKY,  L.   U.   94,  Providence. 
R.   I. 

R.  J.  SISSON,  L.   U.   1683,  El  Dorado,  Ark. 

JOHN  H.  STENGEL,  L.   U.   101,  Baltimore,  Md. 

ED   STRANGE,   L.  U.  2288,   Los   Angeles,   Calif. 

JOHN    SWEENEY,   L.   U.    11,    Cleveland,   O. 

FRED   SYKES,   L.  U.  226,  Portland,  Ore. 

ALEXANDER    H.   TAYLOR,   L.    U.    67,    Boston, 

Mass.  , 

WESLEY  TAYLOR,  L.  U.  60,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 
C.  L.   TILLER,  L.  U.  764,  Shreveport,  La. 
EDWARD   TROPH,  L.  U.   11,   Cleveland,   Ohio 
EMMET    TURNER,    L.    U.    11,    Cleveland,    Ohio 
JOSEPH    VOLEK,    L.    U.    11,    Cleveland,    Ohio 
ROBERT  WADE,  L.  U.  1665,  Alexandria,  Va. 
CHARLES   H.   WATTERS,   L.   U.   213,   Houston, 

Tex. 
ANDY   WESTLAND,   L.    U.   226,   Portland,   Ore. 
JACOB    WOLFE,   L.    U.    94,    Providence,   R.   I. 
HERBERT   YOUNG,    L.    U.    1367,    Chicago,    111. 
ROBERT  YOUNG,  L.  U.  2163,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


T  HE    LOCK E  R 

We  learn  from  various  sources  that  The  Carpenter  has  many  women  readers.  Sur- 
prisingly enough,  quite  a  number  of  them  are  interested  in  this  page.  As  a  concession  to 
this  welcome  participation,  this  issue  of  The  Locker  is  arranged  solely  for  the  amusement 
of  the  ladies.  The  answers  will  be  found  on  page  38.  We  should  state  however,  that  it 
is  customary  to  first  tackle  the  problems  before  looking  at  the  ans\vers. 

1.  If  a  pan  7%    inches  square  will  hold  16  biscuits  how  many  biscuits  will  a 

pan   hold   which   is    15^/^    inches    square? 

2.  How  many  times  may  17  be  subtracted  from  289?   Do   this   mentally 

3.  If  a  clock  is  stopped  for  60  seconds  every  10  minutes  how  long  \\ill  it  take 

the  minute  hand  to    get  around? 

4.  The  sum  of  the  ages  of  a  brother  and  sister  is  13  years.    The  sister  is  10  years 
older   than   the   brother.     How    old   is   the   boy? 

5.  At  a  meeting  of  the  Ladies  Auxihan.',  12  members  attended.    Each  lady  shook 
hands  once  with  each  lady  present.    How  many  handshakes  were  there? 

6.  There  are  100  postage  stamps  to  a  sheet.  How  many  tears  would  be  required 

to   tear  them    oflF    one    at    a   time? 

7.  A  canister  set  consists  of  5  cans  labeled  Tea,  Coffee,  Sugar,  Flour,  and  Gelt. 

How  many  different  ways  may  these  5  cans  be  hned  up  on  a  shelf? 

8.  What  article  owned  by  mostly  everv'  woman  will  go  up  a  chimney  do\%"n  or 
down  a  chimney  down,  but  will  not  go  up  a  chimney  up  or  down  a  chimne>' 

up?    

9.  A  recipe   calls  for  4  pints   of  water.    Ha\'ing  available   only   a  5   pint   and   a 

3  pint  container,  how  can  these  4  pints  be  exactly  measured? 

10.  A.    What  word  is   this?— Six  before   six  before.   Five   times   a  hundred.     This 

should  mean  briUiant.  Or  somehow  you've   blundered 

B.     This  article  was  once  ver>'  famihar  to  practically  ever}-  woman.      What  is 

it?— A  diminutive,  argentic,  truncated  cone,  convex  on  its  summit  and  semi- 
perforated  wdth   s\inmetrical  indentations 

11.  Here's  a  nice  httle  problem.    Miiltiply   111,   111,   111  by  itself 

12.  A  carpenter's  thrifty  wife  saved  S50.00  in  5  months,  each  month  sa^ing  S3. 00 

more  than  the  previous  month.    How  much  was  saved  the  1st  month 

2nd    month 3rd    month 4th    month .5th   month ? 

13.  What  word  is  this?  La  is  the  middle  of  it,  is  the  beginning  of  it.  and  the  end 

of  it.    But  there  is  only  one  1  and  one  a  in  it 

14.  Two  women  went  shopping.  Between  them  they  spent  S.50.00.  One  spent 
S11.50  more   than  the   other.    How^  much   did   each   spend? 

15.  If  a  turkey  weighs  as  much  as  a  7  lb.  chicken  plus  fi%e-sevenths  the  turkey's 

ojvn  weight,  and  the  price  is  50  cents  a  lb.,  what  did  it  cost? 

16.  What  time  is  it  if  one-half  plus  one-third  plus  one-fourth  of  the  hour  is  just 

one    more    than    the    hour    is? 

17.  What  tvvo  words  are  these?   1 ERGR0___2.__CTARI_ -Place  the  same  3 

letters  in  the  same  order  before  and  after  the  given  letters  of  the  first  word. 
Similarly  place  2  letters  before  and  after  CT.ARI.  Example:  by  putting  the 
letters  AM  before  and  after  ALG  you  make  the  word  A^L\LGAM. 

18.  On  weekdays  it  takes  the  \\ife  only  75  minutes  to  drive  into  to-^-n.  On  Sundays 
when  the  husband  drives  it  takes  an  hour  and  a  quarter.  Can  you  explain  this?_      

19.  What  per  cent  of  a  quarter  is  20  per  cent  of  a  nickel? 

20.  Junior's  bank  was  busted  open  to  buy  him  a  birthday  present.  32  coins  were 
found  consisting  of  only  dimes  and  quarters.  The  total  was  So. 00.  How 
many  dimes  and  how  many  quarters  were  in  the  bank? Dimes Quarters     

21.  A  fruit  salad  was  made  for  a  part\'.  Half  the  fruit  were  oranges,  one  seventh 
were  bananas,  one  quarter  peaches  and  3  apples  were  also  used.  How  many 
of  each  kind  were  there?  Oranges Bananas Peaches Apples 

22.  The  combined  ages  of  a  father,  mother  and  son  total  100  years.  Four  times 
the  father's  age  is  equal  to  5  times  the  mother's  age  who  is  4  times  as  old  as 
her   son.     Their   ages    are?   Father Mother Son 

23.  A  fork  weighs  4  ozs.  A  knife  weighs  as  much  as  a  spoon  and  a  fork.  A  pot 
weighs  as  much  as  a  knife  and  a  spoon.  5  spoons  weigh  as  much  as  a  knife 
and  a  fork.  What  are  the  weights  of  the  spoon knife pot fork ? 

24.  6  bills  total  S63.00.    None  of  them  are  ones.    What  are  the  the  6  bills? 


CorrospondoncQ 


CARPENTERS 


PITTSBURG,  KANSAS,  JOINS  GOLDEN  CIRCLE 

Away  back  in  1900  when  wages  were  fifteen  cents  an  hour  and  the  working  day  con- 
sisted of  ten  or  more  hoiurs,  a  small  but  determined  group  of  carpenters  in  Pittsburg, 
Kansas,  decided  it  was  time  to  do  sometiiing  about  their  miserable  conditions.    What  they 

did  was  to  organize  a  union 
and  and  apply  for  a  charter 
from  the  United  Brotherhood 
of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of 
America.  On  April  26th  the 
successors  of  that  small  group 
which  took  the  initial  step  in 
1900  celebrated  the  fiftieth  an- 
niversary of  the  granting  of 
their  charter.  Through  good 
times  and  bad,  through  war  and 
peace  Charter  No.  561  has  been 
kept  active  by  Pittsburg  car- 
penters. Through  the  efforts  of 
the  union  wages  have  been  im- 
proved to  the  point  where  to- 
day's carpenter  earns  more 
in  an  hour  than  the  old  timers 
did  in  a  day,  and  hours  have 
been  reduced  to  forty  per 
week. 

Especially  honored  at  the  golden  jubilee  celebration  was  the  fine  group  of  old  timers 
who  contributed  so  much  to  tlie  progress  of  tlie  union.  Lewis  McDanils,  only  charter  mem- 
ber still  living,  now  resides  in  Houston,  Texas,  and  was  unable  to  attend.  However,  a  roll 
call  of  old  time  members  was  responded  to  as  follows:  G.  C.  Gingles,  B.  O.  Gudgeon, 
initiated  in  1900;  and  George  Fisher,  now  a  member  of  Local  311,  Joplin;  Sam  Chandler, 
now  a  member  of  943,  Tulsa;  H.  M.  Messenger,  H.  C.  Meyers,  E.  E.  Whistler,  O.  G. 
Adair,  W.  S.  Shaw,  Ollie  Patterson  and  Joe  Woodward,  all  of  whom  were  initiated  between 
1901  and  1905.   The  veteran  members  were  roundly  applauded. 

Special  guest  of  tlie  evening  included  George  Rice,  president  of  the  Kansas  State  Coun- 
cil and  Mark  Bagby  who  represented  General  President  William  L.  Hutcheson  and  the 
General  Office.  Both  extended  hearty  congratulations  to  Local  No.  561  and  wished  the 
union  many  more  years  of  success.  Following  a  short  benediction  by  Rev.  Asians,  all  retired 
to  the  banquet  room  where  refreshments,  including  gold  colored  ice  cream  with  a  big  inlaid 
"50"  was  served.  All  who  attended  departed  with  keen  sense  of  pride  in  Local  Union  No. 
561  and  the  new  and  old  members  who  kept  and  are  keeping  it  functioning. 


WASHINGTON,  PA.,  CELEBRATES  GOLDEN  JUBILEE 

Local  Union  No.  541,  Washington,  Pa.,  celebrated  its  fiftieth  anniversary  March  31st 
in  the  dining  room  of  Washington  and  Jefferson  College. 

Approximately  200   members,   their  wives   and  friends   attended. 

The  master  of  ceremonies  was  H.  E.  Ferrell,  who  offered  the  invocation  and  introduced 
O.  William  Blaier,  2nd  District  Executive  Board  member,  who  made  tlie  principal  address. 

Other  guests  were:  William  J.  Kelly,  manager  of  tlie  District  Council  of  Carpenters 
of  Pittsburgh  and  past  General  Executive  Board  member;  Carl  T.  Westland,  Secretary- 
Treasinrer  of  District  Council  of  Carpenters;  T.  A.  Morgan,  business  agent  of  Area  No.  1 
of  Carpenters,  affiliated  with  District  Council;  Ivan  W.  Larrimer  and  Mrs.  Larrimer, 
of  Pittsburgh.    Mr.  Larrimer  is  a  business  agent  of  tlie  Metropolitian  area  of  Pittsburgh. 


36 


THE    CARPENTER 


Mrs.  Larrimer  represented  the  Ladies  Auxiliary  of  Carpenters  from  Pittsburgh.  Fol- 
lowing her  address,  a  successful  move  was  formulated  to  initiate  an  auxiliary  of  members' 
wives  in  Local  No.  541. 

Mayor  and  Mrs.  E.  R.  Wilson  and  William  H.  Russell,  President  of  the  Washington 
Central  Labor  Union  and  representatives  of  local  building  contractors  were  also  guests. 

G.  P.  Wise,  past  president  \vith  18  years  service,  presented  the  following  with  50- 
year  pins:  J.  B.  Hallam,  F.  M.  King,  W.  A.  Hess,  E.  M.  Yant,  J.  N.  Wright,  O.  O.  Mc- 
Quown,  Otto  Luellen,  T.  W.  Henderson  and  F.  V.  Davidson. 

Entertainment  was  provided  by  a  local  quartet  which  rendered  several  selections.  In 
addition,  moving  pictures  were  shown  depicting  the  workings  of  the  General  OflBce  in 
Indianapohs  and  the  Home  for  Aged  Members  at  Lakeland,  Fla. 


Pictured  above  at  the  fiftietJi  anniversary  celebration  of  Local  Union  No.  541,  Wash- 
ington, Pa.,  are: 

Back  row,  left  to  right  Mrs.  Wm.  J.  Kelly,  Miss  Gumik,  Mrs.  T.  A.  Morgan,  T.  A. 
Morgan,  E.  R.  Wilson,  Carl  T.  Westland.  Seated  at  table,  left  to  right,  Wm.  J.  Kelly, 
Mrs.  L  W.  Larrimer,  I.  W.  Larrimer,  Mrs.  H.  E.  Ferrell,  H.  E.  Ferrell,  O.  Wm.  Blaier, 
Mrs.  Blaier,  Mrs.  Westland,  Mrs.  E.  R.  Wilson.  Front  row.  Fifty  Year  Members  in  attend- 
ance, F.  M.  King,  Otto  LueUen,  O.  O.  McQuown,  T.  W.  Henderson,  J.  N.  Wright.  The 
Fifty  Year  Members  not  in  attendance  were  as  foUows:  J.  B.  Hallam,  W.  A.  Hess,  E.  M. 
Yant  and  F.  V.  Da^'idson.  In  these  nine  members  of  fifty  years  membership  Local  541  may 
have  something  of  a  record  since  total  membership  is  so  small. 


Local  Union  Xo.  541  was  chartered  April  6,  1900.  Its  first  secretary-treasurer  was 
J.  Y.  McClain.  In  1903,  the  wage  scale  was  $2.50  for  eight  hours,  while  the  present 
rate  is  $2.50  per  hoiir. 

The  committee  in  charge  of  the  celebration  follows:  C.  G.  Lobingier,  H.  E.  FarreU, 
Rea  T.  Spence,  Howard  DeWitt  and  Ben  Brooks. 

The  following  officers  of  Local  541  were  present:  J.  B.  Polan,  president;  Howard  De- 
Witt,  \ice-president;  H.  E.  FarreU  recording  secretary;  J.  W.  Martin,  financial  secretary; 
WiUiam  Sweger,  treasurer;  Ben  J.  Brooks,  inside  Guardian  and  Henry  Gardener, 
conductor. 

The  tnistees  are:  Rea  T.  Spence,  Hairy  Morgan  and  G.  P.  Wise. 

Delegates  to  the  District  Council  of  Carpenters  and  Sub-district  Area  1  are  G.  P.  Wise 
and  C.  G.  Lobingier. 


THE    CARPENTER 


37 


STREATOR  LOCAL  COMPLETES  HALF  CENTURY 

Recently  Local  Union  No.  495,  Streator,  111.,  joined  the  select  group  of  local  unions 
which  have  completed  fifty  years  of  continuous  existence  as  a  chartered  body  of  the 
United  Brotherhood.  The  occasion  was  marked  with  a  splendid  chicken  and  turkey 
dinner  which  was  held  in  the  Club  Grove.  Some  120  members,  friends  and  guests  were 
on  hand  to  help  make  the  affair  a  memorable  one. 

It  was  away  back  at  the  turn 
of  the  century  that  the  car- 
penters of  Streator  first  obtained 
their  charter  from  the  United 
Brotherhood.  Wages  were  piti- 
fully small  and  working  hours 
and  working  conditions  were 
hard  in  those  days.  However, 
the  Streator  Local  Union  rolled 
up  its  sleeves  and  went  to  work. 
Down  the  years,  wages  have 
been  increased,  hours  reduced 
and  working  conditions  im- 
proved until  today  Streator  car- 
penters earn  practically  as  much 
in  an  hour  as  the  founders  of 
the  union  did  in  a  day.  Streator 
being  but  a  medium-sized  city,  Local  Union  No.  495  has  seen  some  bad  times  during  the 
past  half  century.  But  the  officers  and  members  stuck  to  the  union  through  thick  and  thin 
with  the  result  that  tlie  organization  has  weathered   all  storms. 

Present  officers  of  the  union  are:  John  Obenhein,  president;  Robert  Logsdon,  vice- 
president;  J.  R.  Pickworth,  financial  secretary;  Floribert  Eschbach,  recording  secretary; 
Albert  Bakalar,  treasurer;  and  Frank  Hoffman,  business  agent. 


PENNSYLVANLV   MEMBERS    HONOR    GOMPERS    CENTENARY 

At  the  23rd  annual  convention  of  the  Pennsylvania  State  Council  of  Carpenters,  held 
at  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania,  the  State  Council  set  aside  a  given  period  for  commemorating 
the  100th  birthday  anniversary  of  Samuel  Gompers.  In  conjunction  with  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Council  of  Carpenters,  the  Lehigh  Valley  Carpenters  District  Council  and  its  affili- 


ated Local  Unions,  on  April  21,  1950  at  Bethlehem,  Pennsylvania,  also  commemorated 
the  100  anniversary  of  Samuel  Gompers  and  a  class  or  apprentices,  numbering  78,  were 
presented  their  diplomas  as  testimony  of  completing  their  apprenticeship  training. 

Acting  Secretary  Fischer  and  Board  Member  Blaier  of  the  Second  District,  addressed 
the  apprentices,  who  were  also  congratulated  by  Theodore  P.  O'Keefe,  Secretary  of  the 
State  Council  of  Carpenters,  and  John  Wilhelm,  Business  Agent  of  tlie  Lehigh  Valley 
Carpenters  District  Council. 


38 


THE    CARPENTER 


SPRINGFIELD,  OHIO  UNION  DEDICATES  FINE  NEW  BUILDING 

Local  Union  No.  660,  Springfield,  Ohio, 
of  the  United  Brotherhood  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  oldest  building  trades  organiza- 
tions in  Springfield. 

Local  660  dedicated  its  new  building 
at  240  South  Ludlow  Avenue  on  April  6th. 
Albert  E.  Fischer,  Acting  Secretary  and 
Thomas  Murray,  General  Representative  of 
the  Brotherhood,  were  present  at  the  dedica- 
tion ceremony. 

A  buffet  luncheon  was  ser\"ed  after  the 
dedication.  City  officials  of  Springfield  and  contractors  also  were  on  hand  to  compliment 
the  officers  and  members  on  their  new  headquarters  building. 


CLIFTON  25th  ANNIVERSARY  CELEBRATION  A  GREAT  SUCCESS 


Pictured  above  are  the  guests  who  recently  helped  Local  Union  No.  1939,  Clifton, 
New  Jersey,  celebrate  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  its  founding  with  a  fine  banquet 
and  entertainment.  Fine  food,  ample  refreshments,  interesting  speaking  and  a  great  deal 
of  good  fellowship  combined  to  make  the  event  an  outstanding  success. 


ANSWERS   TO   "THE   LOCKER" 


1. 

2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 


10. 
11. 


64,    You  didn't  say  32,  did  you? 

Once.    Then  it  is  no  longer  289. 

65  minutes.    Some  people  insist  it's  66. 

1^2    years.    The  girl  is  11^/2. 

66.   That's  what  holds  up  a  meeting. 

180.    It  only  costs  a  dollar  to  prove  it. 

120.    120  ways  to  rearrange  a  kitchen. 

An  umbrella.    Take  oiu-  word  for  it. 

Here's  one  way.    Fill  the  5.  Fill  the  3 

from    the    5.     2    pts.     remain.    Empty 

the  3.    Pour  the  2  pts.  into  the  3.    Fill 

the  5.    Pour  1  pt.  to  fill  the  3.    4  pts. 

remain. 

(A).    Vivid.    (B).    A  silver  thimble. 

12345678987654321.  Up  to  9  and  down 

again 


12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 


22. 
23. 
24. 


$4.00,  $7.00,  $10.00,  $13.00,  $16.00. 

Island.     Is  that   a  fair   question? 
$19.25,  $30.75.    For  3  hats  Ukely. 
$12.25.    Cheaper  to  buy  a  farm. 
12  o'clock.    Fractional  time. 
UNDERGROUND,  NTICTARLVE. 
No  explanation.    Both  times  are  alike. 
4  per  cent.   Not  worth  the  bother. 
Dimes  20,   Quarters   12. 
Oranges    14,    Bananas    4,    Peaches    7, 
Apples    3.     28   fruits,    mostly   oranges. 
Must  have  happened  in  CaUfomia. 
Father  50,  Mother  40,  Son  10  years. 
Spoon  2,  Knife  6,  Pot  8,  Fork  4  ozs. 
1  fifty,  1  five,  and  4  twos.    Fifty  plus 
five  plus  eight  makes  $63.00 


POINT  PLEASANT  AUXILIARY  CELEBRATES  1st  BIRTHDAY 

The  Editor: 

Hello  to  all  our  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.   529   of  Point  Pleasant,   West 
Virginia. 


We  are  now  one  year  old  and  have  about  thirty  members. 

This  picture  was  taken  at  oiu:  first  Anniversary  party. 

We  would  like  to  hear  from  other  Sister  Auxiliaries  and  exchange  letters  and  ideas. 

Thelma  Lester,  Recording  Secretary. 


BELLINGHAM  AUXILIARY  COMPLETES   QUARTER  CENTURY 

[  The  Editor: 


Sister 


Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.   198  of  Bellingham,   Washington,   sends   greetings  to   all 
Auxiliaries. 

At  Christmas  time,  we  celebrated  our  25th  Anniversary  by  having  a  big  anniversary 
cake  and  a  Christmas  party  with  an  exchange  of  gifts. 

Our  meetings  are  held  at  tlie  Labor  Temple  on  tlie  second  and  last  Tuesday  of  each 
month.  After  each  meeting,  refreshments  are  served  and  the  remainder  of  the  evening 
is  enjoyed  by  just  visiting  and  getting  better  acquainted. 

Each  year,  a  Thanksgiving  dinner  is  given  for  members  and  their  families. 

In  February,  we  held  "Open  House"  when  the  history  of  the  Auxiliary  was  reviewed. 
It  made  us  newer  members  look  with  more  respect  at  the  older  members  who  kept  the 
Auxiliary  going  during  hard  times. 

To  raise  money,  we  have  rummage  sales,  bazaars  and  bake  sales.  We  have  also 
raffled  off  a  quilt  and  various  other  articles  in  tlie  past.  Silver  teas  are  given  which 
help;  also,  we  have  a  pup  bank  to  which  members  donate  on  birthdays  and  anniversaries. 

Potluck  lunches  are  held  at  homes  of  members  and  are  always  most  enjoyable. 

We  belong  to  the  State  Federation  of  Labor  and  send  two  delegates  to  the  convention 
I  each  year. 

We  have  a  grand  bunch  here  and  anyone  that  would  care  to  visit  us  would  be  most 
welcome. 

Fraternally, 

Elinor  Weiler,  Recording  Secretary 


r^ 


Ask  any  carj»enter  who  ever  worfced  fa  the  West  laicl  he'll  teB  you . . . 
There's  nothing  like  a  ynion  made 


The  favorite  Carpenter  Overall  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  for  over  25  years,  now 
being  made  ovailable  throughout  the  country, 
Cosfs  a  little  more,  b«t  worth  □  loi  morei 


I        StrwigKold  Steve 


CARPENTER 
OVERALL 


with  Stop-loss  pockets 


MADE  OF  FINEST  HEAVY  WHITE  SANFORIZED 

Ask  your  dealer 
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unavailable, 
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High  back 
and  wide 
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2  large  Duck 
hip  pockets  and 
2  hammer  straps 


Stop-Loss  rule 
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of  Duck 


Combinatioi 
Stop-Loss 
pencil  and 
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pocket  on 
dip  front  bil 


5  compartment 
reinforced  Dud 
swinging 
nail  pocket 


NAME 


ADDRESS 

crry .  .  .  . 

STATE      . 


BROWNSTEIN-LOUiS   COMPANY 

Makers  of  Stronghold  Work  Clothing  since  1897 
1228  SAN  ;rLiAN  street,  los  angeles  15,  California 

Send  me pairs  Stronghold  Union  Made  Carpenter 

Overalls  with  Stop-Loss  pockets 

In  sizes  32  to  42  waist.  In  sizes  44  to  50  waist, 

length  30  to  34,  each  length   30  to  34,  each 

$4.25      postage  paid  $4.50      postage  paid 

Money-back  guarantee  if  not  satisfied. 

Send  your  exact  size  (these  are  full  cut  overalls)  and  a 

check    n    or  money  order   D   for  immediate  delivery. 


Waist Length 


2  Duck  fron 
pockets 


Double  knee 

Nothing  can  fa 
out  of  Stop-Los 
pockets.  The  patente 
Stop-Loss  safety  pocke 
on  the  bib  and  side  ( 
leg  will  prevent  loss  ( 
valuable  tools  and  kee 
)our  watch  from  injur 
These  Stop-Loss  pocke 
and  many  other  proper! 
placed  pockets  an 
straps  give  you  real  hel 
on  the  job. 

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shrinkage.  Govt,  test.) 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 
Lesson  262 
DiflFerence  in  Lengths  of  Gable  Studding.— 

Framing  and  setting  gable  studding  is  a 
part  of  roof  framing;  at  any  rate,  the  stud- 
ding join  the  roof  and  the  cuts  that  make 
the  joists  are  roof  framing  cuts.  The  prob- 
lem of  finding  the  diflFerence  in  the  lengths 
of  the  studding  involves  tlie  pitch  of  the 
roof.  For  instance,  if  the  roof  has  a  one- 
diird  pitch  or,  say,  8  inches  rise  to  the  foot 
run,  then  the  dijBFerence  in  the  lengths  of 
die  studding  would  be  8  inches  for  every 
foot  of  distance  in  the  space.  If  the  studding 
were  spaced  1  foot  on  center,  then  the 
difference   would   be   8  inches;    if  they   are 


Fig.  1 
spaced  16  inches,  then  the  difference  in  the 
lengths  would  be  10%  inches,  or  if  the 
gable  studding  were  spaced  2  feet  on  center, 
then  the  difference  in  tlie  lengths  of  the 
studding  would  be  twice  8,  or  16  inches. 
How  to  obtain  these  differences  in  the 
lengths  of  the  studding  with  tlie  square  is 
shown  to  the  left  and  to  the  right  of  Fig.  1. 
To  the  left  the  square  is  applied  to  the 
rafter  so  as  to  intersect  the  bottom  edge 
of  the  rafter  for  a  16-inch  space,  which 
shows  a  rise  of  10%  inches.  If  the  square 
were  pulled  back  to  the  position  shown  in 


Fig.  2 

part  by  dotted  lines,  or  as  shown  for  a 
12-inch  space,  then  the  difference  in  the 
lengths  of  the  studding  would  have  to  be 
the  same  as  the  rise  per  foot  run,  or  8  inches. 
To  the  right,   the  square  is  shown   applied 


to  the  bottom  edge  of  the  rafter  for  a  24- 
inch  space,  which  shows  that  the  difference 
in  the  lengths  of  the  studding  would  be 
16-inches. 

Marking  Bevel.— Fig.  2  shows,  at  A,  how 
the  bevel  for  the  cuts  is  marked  with  a  bevel 
square.  At  B,  by  dotted  lines,  is  shown 
how  a  double  bevel  is  marked  with  the 
square  for  the  center  studding.  This  mark- 
ing can  also  be  done  with  a  bevel  square. 
At  C  the  square  is  applied  for  obtaining 
the  bevel  for  a  common  studding,  using 
the  figures  12  and  8  on  the  square,  which 
are  the  same  as  those  used  for  framing 
tlie  common  rafter.  In  setting  the  bevel 
square,  tlie  bevel  is  first  marked  on  a  piece 


Fig.  3 

of  timber,  and  tlien  tlie  bevel  square  is  set 
accordingly. 

Framing  Studding.— Fig.  3  shows  details 
of  tlie  gable  studding  in  a  little  larger  scale. 
At  A  are  shown  two  views  of  the  center 
studding,  an  edge  view  and  a  side  view. 
This  studding  is  cut  ready  to  be  put  in  place. 
Before  the  center  studding  is  set,  it  is 
marked  and  used  for  a  pattern  with  which 
the  common  studding  are  marked  and  cut. 
The   difference   in   the    lengtli   is    shown   as 


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42 


THE    CARPENTER 


being  16  inches,  which  means  that  the 
spacing  is  2  feet  from  center  to  center. 
At  B  is  shown  how  the  length  of  the  first 
common  studding  is  obtained,  while  at  C 
is  shown  how  the  studding  of  the  pair  is 
marked.  How  the  shortest  pair  is  marked, 
is  shown  by  dotted  Hnes   at  the   center  of 


Fig.  4 


the  pair  marked  C.  Study  the  drawings 
and  compare  them  with  the  2-foot  spacing 
in  Fig.  2. 

Cutting  in  Pairs.— Fig.  4  shows  to  the 
left  a  detail  giving  two  apphcations  of  the 
square  for  marking  the  double  bevel  for  the 
center  studding,  as  shown  in  Fig.  2.  To  the 
right'  in  detail,  are  shown  two  \'iews  of  the 
top  cut  of  the  same  studding.  Fig.  5  gives 
details  of  three  pairs  of  gable  studding  when 
they  are  all  cut  and  set  in  pairs.  (The 
dotted  hues  to  the  right  show  how  much 
longer  the  center  studding  is  than  the  long- 


er:) 


est  pair,  when  the  center  studding  is 
omitted.)  The  upper  detail  shows  the  pair 
of  studding,  back  to  back,  that  is  shown 
by  dotted  lines  in  Fig.  2,  and  pointed  out 
with  indicators  at  X.  It  \vill  take  three 
pairs  of  studding  spaced  2  feet  on  center 
for  this  gable.  The  different  lengths  are 
marked  on  the  upper  detail  at  1,  2,  and  3. 
The  bevels  of  the  cuts  are  shown  by  dotted 
lines.    The  bottom  drawing  shows  the  sec- 


ond pair  back  to  back.  One  is  cut  and  the 
other  is  marked  from  it,  ready  to  be  cut. 
The  top  of  the  short  pair,  is  indicated  by 
dotted  hues  to  the  left  of  the  bottom  draw- 
ing. How  to  get  the  bevel  for  the  cuts  is 
sho\vn  by  the  detail  to  the  left,  in  Fig.  6. 
Here  a  square  is  applied  to  a  timber,  using 
12  and  8,  which  are  the  same  as  the  figures 
used  in  framing  the  common  rafters.  This 
bevel  is  transferred  to  the  bevel  square,  as 
sho\\Ti,  which  is  used  for  marking  the  bevels 
for  the  other  studding. 

Studding  Between  Two  Pitches.— Fig.  7 
shows  a  half  pitch  gable  roof  set  over  a  one- 
sixth  pitch  gable  roof.  This  combination 
is  used  here  for  convenience,  to  show  how 
to  figure  the  difference  in  the  lengths  of 
the  gable  studding  when  two  pitches,  as 
shown,  are  involved.  The  right  haK  of  the 
drawng  is  in  diagram  form.  The  studding 
are  spaced  2  feet  on  center.  The  difference 
in  the  lengths  of  the  studding  for  the  half 
pitch  would  be  2  feet,  but  since  it  is  set 
over  a  one-sixth  pitch,  there  would  have  to 
be  deducted  from  2  feet,  the  rise  of  the 
one-sixth  pitch  for  2-foot  run,  or  8  inches, 
which  would  leave  the  length  of  the  stud- 


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MANUFACTURERS    OF    PRECISION    CUTTING    TOOLS 


CARPENTERS 
HANDBOOK 

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Minneapolis  9,   Minn. 


THE    CARPENTER 


43 


ding  only  16  inches,  as  shown  in  figures 
to  the  left  of  the  studding  line.  The  next 
studding  would  be  4  feet  for  the  half  pitch, 
but  would  have  to  be  cut  16  inches  shorter, 
leaving  it  only  32  inches  long.    The  center 


,  Fig.  6 

I  studding  would  be  24  inches  shorter  than 
'  for  a  half  pitch,  leaving  it  only  48  inches 
long.  These  figures  are  all  shown  on  the 
;  diagram  to  the  right,  which  should  be 
i  studied.  The  square  to  the  left  is  shown 
[  applied  to   a  studding,   using   12   and  4,  to 


24'--H 


Fig.  7 

obtain  the  bevel  for  the  cut  that  fits  the 
one-sixth  pitch.  These  figures  are  the  same 
as  would  be  used  in  framing  a  one-sixth 
pitch  roof.  To  the  left,  by  dotted  lines,  is 
shown  exactly  the  same  problem,  excepting 
that  the  one-sixth  pitch  is  above.  The 
diflFerence  in  the  lengths  of  the  studding 
would  be  the  same  as  we  found  in  the 
problem  shown  by  the  drawing  to  the  right. 


The  dotted-line  square  is  shown  applied 
for  obtaining  tlie  bevel  for  the  studding 
where  they  join  tlie  one-half  pitch  roof, 
using  12  and  12  on  the  square.  Study  this 
drawing  and  tliink  it  through. 

Difference  in  Lengths  of  Gable  Stud- 
ding.—Fig.  8  shows  a  one-line  drawing,  or 
rather,  a  diagram,  dealing  with  a  still 
different  problem  in  finding  the  difference 
in  the  lengths  of  the  gable  studding.  Here 
we  have  a  gable  of  a  third  pitch  roof,  but 
the  base  line  on  which  the  studding  rest, 
slopes  2  inches  to  tlie  foot,  as  shown.  The 
gable  is  separated  from  the  rest  by  a 
dotted  line.  In  this  case,  working  from  right 
to  lelt,  if  the  studding  were  spaced  12  inches 
on  center,  the  difference  in  the  lengths 
of  the  studding  would  be  8  inches  for  the 
pitch  of  the  roof,  and  2  inches  for  the  slope 
of  tlie  base,  or  10  inches  How  to  apply  the 
square  for  obtaining  this,  is  shown  to  the 
upper  right.  The  angles  on  tlie  detail  are 
the  same  as  those  on  the  diagram,  as  pointed 
out  by  the  double  indicator.  If  the  spacing 
is   2-feet   on  center,   then  tlie  difference   in 


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EMPIRE  stands  for  extreme  accuracy 
wherever  good  levels  are  used — and 
that's  why  craftsmen  by  the  thousands 
consider  it  their  first  and  only  level. 
When  you  use  Model  151.  illustrated, 
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44 


THE    CARPENTER 


the  lengths  of  the  studding  would  be  16 
inches  for  the  roof,  and  4  inches  for  the 
slope,  or  20  inches.  But  when  you  pass  the 
center  studding  the  roof  slopes  in  the  oppo- 
site direction,  which  makes  a  difference  in 
finding  the  difference  in  the  lengths  of  the 
studding.  The  diagram  to  the  left,  shows 
the  studding  spaced  16  inches  on  center. 
Starting    with    the    center    studding,    which 


is  48  inches,  plus  12  inches,  or  60  inches 
long,  the  next  studding  would  be  10  %  inches 
shorter  than  48  inches,  for  tlie  roof,  or 
37%  inches,  to  which  would  have  to  be 
added  the  increase  for  the  slope  in  the  base 
line,  or  14%  inches.  The  same  process  is 
continued  until  aU  the  lengtlis  have  been 
found.  The  problem  is  rather  simple  and 
the  student  is  asked  to  study  the  diagram, 
working  it  out  for  both  the  16-inch  and  the 
2-foot  spacings. 


Wants  to  Know 
A  reader  wants  to  know  how  to  make  a 
louver  with   a   circular   casing  so   that  the 


wind  will  not  blow  in  rain,  and  that  other- 
wise it  will  not  leak. 

In  the  first  place  space  the  sloping  boards 
so  that  the  back  edge  of  one  board  will  be 
as  high  or  higher  than  the  front  edge  of  the 
board  directly  above  it.  The  width  of  these 
boards  wiU.  also  have  something  to  do  with 
keeping  the  vidnd  from  blowing  the  rain  to 
the  inside.  In  any  case,  it  is  suggested  that 
tin  flashing  be  used  somewhat  on  the  order 


pointed  out  by  the  accompanying  drawings; 
The  drawing  shown  to  the  right  gives  a 
cross  section  of  the  louver,  while  the  draw-j 
ing  to  the  left  is  a  face  view.  Here  is  shown 
by  dotted  lines  an  octagon  frame  into  which 
the  louver  boards  are  fastened.  Then  the 
circular  casing  is  put  on,  as  shown.  A  cir- 
cular frame  can  be  used,  instead  of  the 
octagon  frame,  but  the  expense  Vidll  be 
much  higher.  In  either  case,  the  tin  flashing 
should  be  used  to  carry  off  rain  water  thai 
might  blow  or  leak  in.    Study  tlie  drawings 


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jroughout.  See 
the  No.  1950  at    %\}%         $  il  50 
your    hardware     "   ■'  yi  •'*' 

dealer's  soon. 


10 -inch 
sweep 


MILLERS  FALLS 
TOOLS       - 


Millers  Falls 
Company 


Greenfield, 
Mass. 


THE  BEST  CRAFTSMEN  ALWAYS  TAKE  PAINE'S 


PAINE  "Sudden  Depth" 
DRILL  BITS 

EJECT  DUST 
AUTOMATICALLY 

• 

REDUCES 
DRILLING  TIME 

• 

PLACE  THE  ANCHOR 
WITHOUT  CLEANING  HOLE 

• 

NO  INCREASE  IN  PRICES 

Paine  "Sudden  Depth"  Drill  Bits 
with  automatic  dust  ejectors  are 
available  in  round  shank  styles 
!rom  W  to  1",  inclusive.  Get  these  new 
Irills  from  your  supplier  today  or  write  for 
(iiJl  information. 

THE     PAINE     CO. 


2967  CARROLl  AVE.,      CHICAGO  12,   ill. 


Hi  BEST   CRAFTSMEN  ALWAYS   TAKE    PAINE'S 


LUFKIN  X-46  FOLDING  EXTENSION  RULE 
IS  EXTRA  RIGID-DURABLE-ACCURATE! 

No.  X-46  is  tlie  superior  extension  rule — ideal  for 
both  inside  measuring  of  openings  and  general 
purpose  measuring.  %  inch  wide  sections  are  of 
straight  grained  hardwood  in  boxwood  finish.  Other 
features  are: 

•  Section*  Vz  inch  thick.  .  .33%  stronger. 

•  Prominent  blocic  markingi — easy  to  read. 

•  Patented  Brass  Plated  spring  lock  joints. 

•  Brass  strike  plates  prevent  wear. 

•  6-in.  graduated  slide  in  one  end. 

See  it  —  Buy  if .  .  .at  your  nearest  Hardware  Dealer. 


THE  lUFKIN  RULE  CO. 
SAGINAW,  MICHIGAN   • 


'UFKIN 

*  TAPES  .  RULES 
NEW  YORK  CITY 


PRECISION  TOOLS 
BARRIE,  ONTARIO 


Full  Length  Roof  Framer 

A  pocket  size  book  with  the  EN- 
TIRE length  of  Common-Hip-Valley 
and  Jack  rafters  completely  worked 
out  for  you.  The  flattest  pitch  is  Vz 
inch  rise  to  12  inch  run.  Pitches  in- 
crease Vz  inch  rise  each  time  until 
the  steep  pitch  of  24"  rise  to  12" 
run  is  reached. 

There  are  2400  widths  of  build- 
ings for  each  pitch.  The  smallest 
width  is  ^4:  inch  and  they  increase 
Vi,"  each  time  until  they  cover  a  50 
foot  building. 

There  are  2400  Commons  and  2400 
Hip,  Valley  &.  Jack  lengths  for  each 
pitch.  230,400  rafter  lengths  for  48 
pitches. 

A  hip  roof  is  48'-9i4"  wide.  Pitch 
is  IVz"  rise  to  12"  run.   You  can  pick 
out  the  length  of  Commons,  Hips  and 
Jacks         jp^  Qjjj,  MINUTE 
Let  us  prove  it,  or  return  your  money. 

Getting  the  lengths  of  rafters  by  the  span  and 
the  method  of  setting  up  the  tables  is  fully  pro- 
tected by  the  1917  &   1944  Copyrights. 


Price  $2.50  Postpaid.   If   C.   O.  D.  pay  $2.85. 

Californians    Add    8c.    Money    back    privilege. 

Canadians    use    Money    Orders. 


A.  RIECHERS 


p.  O.   Box   405 


Palo   Alto,   Calif. 


1st — Measure    tread    or   riser   in    10    seconds 

ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE 

Saves  HALF  Your  Time 
Building  Staircases 

In  10  seconds  you  get  ioth  correct 
length  and  angle  for  stair  treads,  risers, 
closet  shelves,  ready  to  mark  board. 
Each  end  pivots  and  locks  at  any  angle. 
Length  adjustable  from  20"  up.  Saves 
a  day  or  more,  increases  your  profits 
$20  to  $30  on  each  staircase.  Fully 
guaranteed.    Circular  on  request. 

Only  $12.95  cash  with  order, 
or  C.O.D.  plus  postage. 

ELIASON   TOOL   00.      Minneapolis     17,     Minn. 
Dealers   and   Agents   Write   Us 

2nd — Mark  board  with  gauge  for  perfect  fit 


Soeed  Up  SANDING! 


MANY  USES 


from  roughing 
to  final  finish  on 

VfOOD.  METAL 
BOARD 


This  American  Port- 
able  Belt  Sander 
will  save  time  and 
eliminate  tedious 
hand  sanding  and 
planing  for  you  on 
many  jobs!  Use  this  easy- 
handling  Belt  Sander  in  your  shop — and 
dti  location — for  touch  up  sanding,  rough- 
ing or  final  finish  . . .  Two  models — with 
and  without  dust  collector  bag.  Speedy 
.  .  .  rugged  .  .  .  efficient  .  .  .  dependable. 
Send  for  descriptive  literature  and  prices. 

AMERICAN  Floor  Surfacing  Machine  Co. 
520  So.  St.  Clair  St.  Toledo  $,  Ohio 


NOTICE 


The  publlshera  of  "The  Carpenter"  reserve  the 
right  to  reject  all  advertising  matter  which  may 
be,  in  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America. 

All  Contracts  for  advertising  space  in  "The  Car- 
penter," including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellable, are  only  accepted  subject  to  the  above 
reserved  rights  of  the  publishers. 


Index  of  Advertise 

;rs 

essories 
Page 

46 

44 

4th   Cover 
43 

42 

47 

-3rd  Cover 

43 

4 

48 
47 

45 
44 

45 
45 

4 

48 

_3rd  Cover 

1 
3rd  Cover 

oks 

47 
.3rd  Cover 

3 

45 

42 

41             1 

48 

Carpenters'  Tools  and  Acc< 

The    American    Floor    Surfacing 
Machine    Co.,    Toledo,    Ohio 

Ardee     Tool     Co.,     Rocky     River 
Station,     Ohio 

E.  C.  Atkins  &  Co.,  Indianapolis, 
Ind. 

Burr  Mfg.   Co.,  Los   Angeles,  Cal. 
Rohert  H.   Clark  Co.,  Beverly 
Hills,      Calif. 

Henry     Disston      &      Sons,      Inc., 

Philadelphia,     Pa 

Eliason    Tool    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Empire      Level      Co.,      Milwaukee, 
Wis. 

E-Z    Mark    Tools,    Los    Angeles, 
Cal. 

Foley    Mfg.    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Greenlee    Tool    Co.,   Rockford,    111. 
The    Lufkin    Rule    Co.,    Saginaw, 
Mich. 

Mall    Tool    Co.,    Chicago,    111 

Millers   Falls    Co.,   Greenfield, 

1      The    Paine    Co.,    Chicago,    111 

Quick    Sander    Sales    Co.,    Long 

Beach      Cal 

Speedcor    Products,    Portland, 

Ore. 

Stanley    Tools,    New    Britain, 

Carpentry  Materials 

The  Upson  Co.,  Lockport,  N.  Y._ 
E.  L.  Bruce  Co.,  Memphis,  Tenn.- 

Technical  Coiu-ses  and  Bo 

American    Technical    Society, 

Audel    Publishers,    New    York, 
N.    Y. 

Chicago    Technical    College,    Chi- 
Cago,     111. 

A.    Riechers,   Palo   Alto,    Calif 

D.  A.  Rogers,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

H.    H,    Siegele,    Emporia,    Kans 

Tamblyn   System,    Denver.    Colo.- 

KEEP  THE  MONEY 
IN   THE    FAMILYl 

PATRONIZE 
ADVERTISERS 


If  you  like 
fine  tools 

.  .  .  then  you'll  certainly  like  to  work 
with  the  new  GREENLEE  Socket  Chisels, 
Perfectly  balanced  .  .  .  handsome, 
transparent  green  plastic  handles  .  . . 
fine  bevel-edged  GREENLEE  blades,  so 
long  the  choice  of  true  craftsmen.  Ask 
your  hardware  dealer  about  them. 


GREENLEE 


SPECIAL  OFFER  .  .  .  WOODWORKING 
CALCULATOR. ..104.  Quick  solutions  to 
countless  problems. ..converting  linear 
to  board  feet,  nail  and  bit  sizes,  etc.  Send  10c  to 
Greenlee  Tool  Co.,  2087  Columbia  Ave.,  Rockford,  III. 


QBIG  BUILDING  BOOKS 


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Coupon    Brings    Nine    Big    Books    For 


AMERICAN  TECHNICAL  SOCIETY  Publishers  since  1898 

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price  of  only  $34.80  Is  paid.  I  am  not  obligated  In  snj 
way  unless  I  keep  the  books. 


Name     

Address      

City    State   

Attach  letter  stating  age,  occupation,  employer's  name  and 
address,  and  name  and  address  of  at  least  one  buslnesi 
man  as  reference.     Men  in  service,   also  give  home  address. 


Looking  straight  down  on  the  back  edge 
you  see  the  perfect  taper  grind  of 
every  Disston  Hand  Saw.  Blade 
thicker  at  butt.  ^„.-.— "^  ^ 


Looking  straight 
back  at  the  point 
edge  you  see 
the  perfect  up- 
ward taper 
grind  of  every 
Disston  Hand 
Saw.  Thicker  at 
the  tooth  edge. 


Looking  straight  down  on  the  tooth  edge  you  see  the  gauge  of  the  steel 
from  the  butt  to  the  point.  Ail  the  way,  the  tooth  edge  Is  SAME  WIDTH. 


.a^CC^^  TRUE  TAPER  GRIND 

adds  speed,  ease,  accuracy 


D/SSrON... The  Saw  Most  Carpenters  Use 

is  perfectly  taper  ground,  as  explained 
above,  to  help  you  do  your  smoothest, 
fastest,  truest  sawing — to  help  you  save 
time  and  material.  Furthermore,  this  is 
the  saw  made  of  Disston  Steel — Disston- 


controlled   to   give   you   the   flex   and 
balance    you    want  .  .  .  hardened    and 
tempered  to  make  the  edge  last  longer. 
There    are    Disston    types    and 
sizes  for  all  your  work.  See  Your 
Hardware  Retailer. 


HENRY  DISSTON  &  SONS,  INC.,  704  lacony.  Philadelphia  35.  Pa.,  U.S.A. 

\n  Canada,  write:   2-20   Fraser  Ave.,   Toronto  3,   Onf. 


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IViCC  SAt/f  YOU 
TIME  AND  MON£V 


SPEED  SAW  FILER 
Now  file  your  own  saws  \  Precision  fil- 
ing easy  without  experience.  Two  sim- 
ple adjustments.  Keeps  any  hand  saw 
extra  sharp  and  true  cutting.  Complete 
with  file  and   ready  to   use     $2. So 


DRILL  GRINDER 
Makes  old  drills  cut  like  new. 
Sharpens  3,32"  to  \\i"  drills  with 
factory  accuracy  in  30  sees.  No  ex- 
perience necessary.  Use  with  hand 
or   power    grinding    wheels.      $2.95 


SPEED  GRIP  PLANE 
Precision  made,  pocket  sized  plane 
as  easy  to  grip  as  big  one.  S'j" 
X  lU"  face.  Can't  he  beat  for  all 
around  fittingand  finishing.  Blade 
guaranteed  to   hold   edge.     $1.95 


SPEED  HANDLE 
Holds  files,  razor  blades,  taps,  drills, 
Allen  wrenches,  bits  etc.  Operates 
similar  to  drill  chuck.  Precision 
made.     Handiest  tool  in  tool  box.      $1 


SPEED     SAW     CLAMP 
Grips    full    length    of    hand    sa'.*s — 30    inches. 
Saves   time.   Attached   or   released   from    bench 
in    15    seconds.    Lifetime    construction.    Holds 
entire    saw    true    without    vibration.     $4.95 


CIRCULAR   SAW    FILER 
Sharpen     circular    saws     like    ; 
expert.   Adjustable  for  any  pitch 
or  angle.   Complete  with  file  and 
mandrels    for    blades    with 
=  e",  ^4",   13    16"  centers.    $5.95 


Order  Today!     Cash   with   order,    prepaid.     COD    postage   extra.     Money    back    Guarantee 


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TiUTH 


AFTEn  40A 


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"INDEPENDENCE    AFTER    40"    is    a 
book  giVing  you  a  proven,  prac- 
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■week  in  spare  time — sharpening 
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Saw    Filer.     Start    at   home    in 
basement    or    garage — you    can 
turn   out  perfect  cutting  saws 
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The  Free  Book  gives  vou  a 
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FOLEY  MFG.  CO.,  718-0  Foley  BIdg.,    Minneapolis  18,  Minn 
Send  FEEE  BOOK— "Independence  After  40" 
Name     

Address    


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  ovm  busi- 
ness and  be  your  own  boss  the  "Tamblyn 
System"  Home  Study  Course  in  Estimating 
will  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  carpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  w^riting 
and  arithmetic  you  can  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
first  lesson  begins  with  excavations  and  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  you 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidamce  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced     to    the     language     you     understaind. 
You   will    never    find    a   more    opportune    time  | 
to  establish  yourself  in  business   than   now.     I 
Study    the    course    for    ten    days    absolutely  ' 
free.     If   you    decide    you    don't   want   to    keep 
it,   just   return    it.     Otherwise    send    us    $8.75 
and    pay    the    balance   of    $30.00    at   $7.50   per  , 
month,  making  a  total  of  $38.75  for  the  com-  I 
plete    course.     On    request    we    will    send    you 
plans,   specifications,   estimate   sheets,   a   copy 
of    the    Building    Labor    Calculator,    and    com- 
plete   instructions.     What    we    say    about    this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to   be   after   you   examine   it   is   the   only   thing 
that  matters.      You  be  the   judge;   your  deci- 
sion is   final. 

Write  your  name  and  address  clearly  and 
give  your  eige,  and  trade  experience. 

TAMBLYN   SYSTEM 

1115    So.    Pearl    St.,    C-43,    Denver    10,    Colo,  j 


Works  with  you...      ^^ 
Makes  work  easier! 


•  Stanley  has  designed  this  nail  hammer  to 
swing  along  with  you,  to  get  the  job  done 
faster,  easier.  Drop  forged  head.  Pre-shrunk, 
straight  grain  hickory  handle  double  wedged 
in  the  head.  Stanley  Tools,  163  Elm  St., 
New  Britain,  Conn. 


THE  TOOL  BOX  OF  THE  WORLD 

[STANLEY"]] 

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HARDWARE-  HAND  TOOLS  ELECTRIC  TOOLS 


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AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

4vois.$6 

InsideTrade  Information 

for  Carpenters,  BuilderB.  Join* 
era.  Baildin?  Mechanics  and  all 
Woodworkers .  These  Gaides 
eive  yon  the  short-cut  instrac* 
tions  that  yon  want— including 
new  methods,  ideas,  solutions, 
plans,  systems  and  money  sav* 
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gressive course  for  the  appren- 
tice and  student.  A  practical 
daily  helper  and  Quick  Refer- 
ence for  the  master  worker. 
Carpenters  everywhere  are  aa- 
ins  these  Guides  as  a  Helping 
Hand  to  Easier  Work,  Better 
Work  and  Better  Pay.  To  get 
this  assistance  for  yoursalt. 
-__._       ■__  ..         --  simply  fill  in  and 

Inside  Trade  Information  On:        mail  free  coupon  beiow. 

How  to  iise  the  steel  square — How  to  file  and 

set  saws — How  to  build  lurnlture — How  to  use 

a  mitre  box — ^How  to  use  the  chalk  line — How 

to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 

Carpenters   arithmetic — Solving  mensuration 

problems— Estimating  strength  of  timbers — 

How  to  set  girders  and  sills — How  to  trame 

houses  and  roofs — How  to  estimate  costs — How 

to  build  houses,  barns,  garages,  bungalows,  etc. 

— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 

specifications — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 

settings  12, 13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 

to  build  hoists  and  scaffolds — skylights — How 

to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  Interior  trim — 

How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors— 'How  to  paint. 


AUDEL,  Publishers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  Yorlc  10.  N.  Y. 

Mail  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  on  7  days'  free 
trial.  If  OK  I  will  remit  $1  in  7  days  and  $1  monthly  until  $6  is  paid. 
■•Otherwise  I  will  return  them.  No  oblieation  unless  I  am  satisfied. 

Name 


Employed  by- 


CAB 


ATKINS 

No.  2000 

Light,  stiff  blade. 
"Perfection"  grip. 
Straight  back.  Ship 
point.  An  ever- 
popular  saw  in  22 
and  26-inch  lengths. 


•  A ''chip  of  the  old  block!''. . .  Same  fine, 
"S»7ver  Steel"  quality  as  Atkins  No.  65,  but 
made  especially  for  particular  workmanship! 
. . .  Here  are  two  super-fine  saws  —  companion 
tools  which  belong  in  every  carpenter's  equip- 
ment. Once  you've  tried  "Silver  Steel"  saws 
—-  made  only  by  Atkins  —  you'll  join  the  thou- 
sands who  say  —"Of  all  fine  saws/  the  finest 
are 'Silver  Steel'!" 


^^  ATKINS  makes  ^^ket  ^L^'  SAWS 


^■'ot  wvi^' 


ATK    NS 


AIKINJ     AlWAIS     AHIAD' 


E.  C.  ATKINS    AND    COMPANY 

Home  Office  and  Factory: 

402  South  Illinois  street,  Indionapolis  9,  Indiana 

Branch  factory:  Portland,  Oregon  Knjfe  Factory:  lancastor,  N.Y>^| 

•ranch  Office*;  Atlanta  •  Chicago  •  New  Orleans  •  New  York 


CARPENTER 


FOUNDED    1881 


Official  Publication   of  tfie 
UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS  of  AMERICA 


V?ffljvyy?5v?^y>5<5v5v5vyy5^^^ 


^0\«  Mpi(% 


Be  sure  your 
Local  Union 
books  a  showing 
of  these  two 
United  Brother- 
hood films — 


THIS  IS  YOUR  BROTHERHOOD 


and 


CARPENTERS  HOME 


3S3sjv2?N2>>:>.rx3>iSiN5s> 


Produced  by  authorization  of  the  General  Executive  Board, 
these  two  fihns— in  color  and  sound— show  the  General  Office  in 
action  and  the  Lakeland  Home  taking  care  of  old  time  members. 
There  is  no  charge  for  the  use  of  these  fihns.  They  are  loaned  out 
by  the  General  Office  on  a  first  come,  first  served  basis,  to  Locals, 
Councils  and  Auxiliaries.  If  you  haven't  seen  these  films,  lu-ge  your 
Local  Union  to  book  a  showing  as  soon  as  possible.  Take  it  up  at 
the  next  meeting.  Full  details  may  be  obtained  by  dropping  a 
note  to: 

Maurice  A.  Hutcheson, 

First  General    Vice-President, 
Carpenters  Bldg.,  222  E.  Michigan  St. 
Indianapolis  4,  Indiana. 


so  NEAR 


"I  never  expected  to  be  able  to 
have  a  tool  that  is  so  near  perfect. 
Some  day  I  am  going  to  write  you 
a  good  long  letter  about  it." 

Robert  H.  Bentley,   (Floor  Sander) 

Elmira,   N.    Y. 

Horseheads,  N.    Y. 


"THE  MACHINE 
HAT  NEEDS  NO  HELPER" 


;o  special  power  hook-ups... 
.o  Dust ...  No  Muss 
vo  heavy  weight  lifting. 
t's  Labor-Saving,  Time-Sav- 
ng,     Easier,     Faster     with 
lORE  PROFIT. 


lORBOSS-HABIT  CO. 
181  W.  Montrose  Ave. 
Ihicago    41,    IHinois 


Ifs  The  New 


WXM 


NO  EDGER  NEEDED 

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Con  tents 


These  Are  The  Red  "Glories" 


At  a  Detroit  meeting,  four  Russian  escapees  unfold  the  "glories"  of  life  inside  the 
Iron  Curtain.  The  conditions  they  described  must  appear  to  the  free  overage  v/orkman 
as  something  out  of  a  horrible  nightmare.  Propaganda,  fear,  and  starvation  are  the 
three  main  clubs  the  communist  party  in  Russia  uses  to  keep  working  men  in  line, 
and  woe   betide  those  who  do  not  knuckle  under  in  all   matters. 


History  Of  Apprenticeship 


"Apprenticeship"  in  America  is  several  hundred  years  old.  However,  until  modern 
unions  took  up  the  cause  of  the  apprentice  he  was  little  more  than  a  slave,  bound  to 
his  master  by  law  and  subject  to  rigid  discipline  all  his  waking  hours.  The  struggle  of 
organized  labor  to  raise  the  apprentice  from  a  vassal  to  a  free  and  independent  human 
being   entitled  to  fair  and  decent  treatment  has  been  a   long   and   hard   one. 

16 

Hiding  behind  the  skirts  of  friendly  Congressmen,  lobbyists  for  Big  Business  have 
brazenly  defied  all  efForts  of  a  Senate  investigating  committee  to  uncover  how  the 
lobbies  operate  and  by  whom  they  are  financed.  These  lobbies  stoutly  support  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Law  which  requires  union  ofTicers  to  account  for  all  ten  dollar  political  expendi- 
tures but  they  defy  the  right  of  anyone  to  inquire  into  how  and  why  they  spend  their 
own    millions. 


The  Danger  Is  Real  - 


Proposed  Changes  To  Our  Constitution 


21 

A  list  of  proposed  changes  in  our  Constitution  and  By-Laws  addressed  to  the  Twenty- 
sixth   General   Convention   by   various   Local   Unions  of   our   United   Brotherhood. 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 

Plane  Gossip 

Official 

Editorials 

In    Memoriam 

The  Locker  - 

Correspondence 

To  The  Ladies 

Craft  Problems 


14 
20 
24 
34 
35 
37 
41 
42 


Index  to  Advertisers 


47 


Entered  July   22,    1915,    at   INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second   cjass   mail   matter,    under    Act  o£ 

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in   Section   1103,   act   of   October   3,    1917.    authorized  on   July    8,    1918.  ', 


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Name Age 

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City Zone State 


r'rr 


To  Unsightly  Cracked  Ceilingi 


UPSON 
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PANELS 


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THE   UPSON    COMPANY 


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Easily  Identified 

By  The  Famous 

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CITY 


STATE 


These  Are  the  Red  "Glories" 


WHAT  IS  even'day  life  like  inside  Russia?   How  do  ordinary  citizens 
live  and  work  and  raise  their  families?    What  are  living  standards 
and  working  conditions  like  and  how  do  workers   get  along  with 
their  supervisors? 

For  the  first  time,  answers  to  these  and  a  host  of  other  similar  questions 
were  forthcoming  from  people  who  really  know,  when  the  Research  Institute 
of  America,  at  a  meeting  held  in  Detroit,  July  17th,  introduced  four  Russian 
escapees  to  a  large  group  of  industrialists  and  labor  leaders.  The  four  Russians 
represented  a  fair  cross-section  of  Soviet  industrial  life.  One  was  a  factory 
administrator  once  in  charge  of  the  activities  of  some  7,000  Russian  men; 
another  was  a  foreman  who  directed  some  700  workers;  the  third  was  an 
ordinary  worker  who  earned  his  liv- 


ing as  a  miner  and  a  machinist;  the 
fourth  was  a  teacher  and  aviator.  For 
more  than  four  hours  these  former 
So\det  citizens,  aU  of  them  now  resid- 
ing and  working  in  the  United  States, 
answered  questions  put  to  them  by 
the  audience.  The  questions  were  di- 
rect and  to  the  point.  No  punches 
were  pulled.  And  the  answers  were 
equally  straightforward.  The  result 
was  that  all  who  participated  in  the 
meeting  came  away  from  it  with  a 
better  understanding  of  what  life  is 
like  behind  the  Iron  Curtain  than  they 
ever  had  before.  To  say  that  the  pic- 
ture of  Russian  life  painted  by  the 
four  escapees  is  dismal  is  to  indulge 
in  understatement.  Much  has  hereto- 
fore been  written  about  the  Soviet 
way  of  life.  However,  most  of  the 
writing  has  been  sheer  conjecture  ar- 
rived at  through  the  study  of  cold 
statistics.  But  these  four  escapees 
were  bom  and  Hved  and  worked  in 
Russia.  They  went  to  Russian  schools 
and  worked  in  Russian  industries  and 
married  Russian  girls.  They  know 
Russia  as  intimately  as  any  American 
who    was    bom    and    raised    in    the 


United  States  knows  this  country. 
From  their  ans^vers  to  direct  ques- 
tions, the  following  word-picture  of 
Russian  life  is  drawn  as  accurately  as 
humanly  possible. 

All  industry  in  Russian  is  national- 
ized; that  is,  the  state  runs  all  fac- 
tories and  mines  and  places  of  em- 
ployment. At  the  head  of  each  fac- 
tory or  production  unit  is  the  manage- 
ment "triangle."  This  triangle  con- 
sists of  three  men;  the  party  organ- 
izer, the  technical  administrator  and 
the  head  of  the  "trade  union"  in  the 
plant.  Together  they  constitute  "Man- 
agement." Offhand,  the  arrangement 
might  appear  to  be  a  fairly  logical 
one.  In  actual  operation,  however, 
the  party  organizer  is  the  key  man. 
His  decisions  are  beyond  questioning. 
The  administrator  does  the  actual 
managing  of  the  plant  but  he  dares 
make  no  move  without  approval  of 
the  party  organizer.  As  to  the  trade 
union  head,  he  is  little  more  than  a 
stooge  of  the  party  man.  So,  in  the 
final  analysis,  the  party  organizer  con- 
stitutes a  czar  in  each  plant. 


THE    CARPENTER 


Membership  in  the  plant  union  is 
compulsory  and  a  checkoff  proposi- 
tion prevails.  A  certain  percentage 
of  the  worker's  pay  is  deducted  each 
month  to  maintain  the  union.  Fre- 
quent union  meetings  are  held.  How- 
ever, they  can  hardly  be  considered 
meetings  in  the  American  sense  of  the 
word.  Mostly  they  consist  of  nothing 
more  or  less  than  lectures  on  the  his- 
tory of  Marxism  and  the  need  for 
producing  more  per  man.  Woe  betide 
the  worker  who  misses  any  of  these 
"meetings." 

Ostensibly  "elections"  are  held  in 
trade  unions.  In  practice,  however, 
the  party  organizer  picks  the  man  who 
should  head  the  union.  He  attends 
the  election  meeting.  At  the  proper 
time  he  gets  up  and  tells  the  meeting 
that  Mr.  X.  should  be  elected  head 
of  the  union.  Then  he  continues 
standing  and  glowers  around  the  room 
daring  anyone  to  nominate  anyone 
else.  Since  the  party  organizer  holds 
the  fate  of  every  worker  in  the  plant 
in  the  palm  of  his  hand,  there  is  never 
any  opposition  to  his  "candidate."  The 
union  head  is  thus  always  a  "unani- 
mous" choice. 

The  technical  administrator  is  also 
under  the  complete  domination  of  the 
party  organizer.  He  keeps  the  plant 
functioning  through  his  technical  skill 
but  he  makes  no  decisions  which  are 
not  entirely  routine.  The  party  organ- 
izer must  be  consulted  on  every  mat- 
ter not  limited  strictly  to  keeping  the 
physical  production  machine  operat- 
ing. 

Each  plant  gets  a  quota  for  a  given 
period  of  time.  The  way  the  proposi- 
tion works  out,  the  Politboro,  the  high- 
est authority  in  the  land,  decides  how 
much  should  be  produced  by  every 
given  industry.  An  industry  commit- 
tee then  breaks  down  this  overall  fig- 
ure and  assigns  a  fixed  quota  for  each 
plant.    The  plant  "triangle"  is   given 


its  quota  and  from  there  on  in  it  is 
responsible  for  fulfilling  it. 

At  a  meeting  of  all  employes,  the 
plant  quota  is  explained  to  them  by 
the  party  organizer.  A  few  who  are 
party  members  or  pets  of  the  organ- 
izer immediately  volunteer  to  meet  or 
exceed  the  quota.  From  there  on  in 
they  get  every  consideration.  They 
get  the  newest  and  finest  tools  and 
the  best  places  to  work.  They  get 
the  choice  of  the  material.  Conse- 
quently they  make  a  great  showing. 
Their  production  meets  or  exceeds 
the  quota  allotted  to  each  production 
worker.  On  the  other  hand  the  non- 
volunteers  fare  badly.  They  get  the 
old  broken  down  equipment.  They 
get  last  whack  at  the  materials, 
and  if  there  is  a  shortage,  they  have 
to  wait.  By  super-human  effort  they 
might  meet  the  production  quota  any- 
way. If  they  do,  they  get  a  little  red 
flag  hung  over  their  machine.  If  they 
fail  to  meet  the  quota,  they  get  a 
black  flag  hung  over  their  machine. 
If  they  consistently  fail  to  meet  the 
required  production  standard  set  by 
the  stooges  under  ideal  conditions, 
they  get  a  public  reprimand  first  and 
subsequently  become  liable  for  pun- 
ishment as  saboteurs  and  enemies  of 
the  "people." 

Each  worker  has  a  permanent  rec- 
ord kept  of  the  jobs  he  has  held  and 
the  amount  he  has  produced.  To  move 
from  one  job  to  another,  he  must  get 
written  permission  from  the  party  or- 
ganizer in  his  plant.  In  seeking  a 
new  job  he  must  show  his  work  rec- 
ord. In  this  way  an  iron-clad  control 
is  kept  over  all  workers.  They  cannot 
do  a  thing  to  better  themselves.  All 
work  in  Russia  is  on  a  piecework 
basis.  As  soon  as  one  quota  is  met  a 
higher  one  is  set.  The  man  who  does 
not  keep  up  to  the  continual  speed- 
up eventually  finds  himseff  in  a  slave- 
labor  group  where  he  gets  no  pay  and 
is  treated  as  a  prisoner. 


THE    CARPENTER 


A  man  who  is  less  than  twenty 
minutes  late  for  work  gets  a  public 
bawling  out.  If  he  is  a  repeater,  he 
can  be  and  usually  is  tried  in  the 
courts  and  sentenced  to  prison  or  to 
a  "labor  battalion"  which  is  slave  la- 
bor. However,  the  greatest  club  over 
the  heads  of  the  workers  is  the  ration 
card.  Goods  in  Russia  are  sold  two 
ways;  in  Government  stores  where 
low  official  prices  prevail  and  in  or- 
dinary stores  where  prices  are  terrific. 
Occasionally  the  party  organizer 
hands  out  a  ration  card  which  per- 
mits the  holder  to  buy  some  butter 
or  cheese  or  a  pair  of  shoes  in  a  gov- 
ernment store.  Only  those  with  red 
flags  over  their  machines  get  these 
cards;  and  only  holders  of  such  cards 
can  buy  in  government  stores.  As  a 
result,  workers  are  compelled  by  sheer 
economic  necessity  to  meet  their  quo- 
tas if  they  humanly  can. 

Thus  there  are  in  reality  three  clubs 
which  the  communist  party  holds  over 
the  heads  of  the  workers  to  keep  them 
producing.  The  first  is  propaganda 
about  the  glories  of  communism  and 
the  terrors  of  democracy.  The  second 
is  fear— fear  that  unless  a  worker 
meets  all  the  demands  made  on  him 
he  will  end  up  in  a  slave  labor  battal- 
ion. The  third  club  is  sheer  neces- 
sity. The  living  standard  is  already 
so  low  that  if  a  worker  fails  to  meet 
arbitrary  production  standards  he  and 
his  family  will  actually  starve.  The 
theory  behind  the  whole  proposition 
is  that  the  people  own  the  factories 
and  the  worker  who  fails  to  meet  pro- 
duction standards  assigned  to  him  is 
working  against  the  interests  of  the 
people  and  therefore  he  is  a  saboteur. 

The  pay  of  the  supervisor  averaged 
around  a  thousand  rubles  a  month. 
Deducts— and  these  included  two  per 
cent  to  help  the  American  unem- 
ployed—took close  to  forty  per  cent. 
However,  he  was  permitted  to  do  all 
his  buying  in  the  government  stores 


which  added  greatly  to  his  income. 
The  foreman  made  something  around 
500  rubles  per  month.  He  could  do 
a  good  deal  of  his  buying  in  the  gov- 
ernment stores.  The  worker  averaged 
between  250  and  300  rubles  per 
month  and  deducts  ate  up  roughly 
a  third.  His  buying  had  to  be  done  in 
ordinary  stores  except  when  the  party 
man  in  his  plant  passed  out  ration 
cards  for  meeting  the  prescribed  quo- 
ta. Unless  he  got  such  a  card,  a  suit 
cost  a  worker  roughly  the  equivalent 
of  four  months'  pay.  The  worker  at 
the  Detroit  meeting  never  managed 
to  buy  one  in  his  whole  working  life 
in  Russia.  A  pair  of  shoes  cost  about 
a  month's  pay.  Everything  else  cost 
in  proportion.  But  for  the  special 
ration  cards  handed  out  by  the  party 
man,  most  workers  would  be  unable 
to  keep  alive. 

However  if  suits  and  shoes  are 
scarce,  lectures  on  the  glories  of 
Marxism  and  Soviet  socialism  are  not. 
Several  nights  every  week,  the  Rus- 
sian worker  is  expected  to  attend  such 
lectures.  Even  if  he  tries  to  spend  a 
few  hours  on  the  beach  somewhere, 
inevitably  a  party  organizer  material- 
izes out  of  nowhere  and  immediately 
begins  organizing  a  "cultural"  meet- 
ing for  expounding  the  beauties  of 
communism  and  the  hardships  of  de- 
mocracy. Party  spies  are  everywhere. 
Whereas  in  America  the  stoolpigeon 
is  reviled  and  detested,  the  stoolpi- 
geon in  Russia  is  glorified  and  given 
all  sorts  of  extra  privileges  in  a  system 
where  such  privileges  often  mean  the 
difference  between  hunger  and  a  full 
stomach.  No  man  in  Russia  can  even 
completely  trust  the  members  of  his 
own  family,  much  less  his  neighbors 
and  fellow  workers.  Each  man  lives 
within  himself  and  follows  the  rules 
as  they  are  handed  to  him  in  the 
best  way  he  can. 

When  asked  how  many  party  mem- 
bers there  were  in  Russia,  the  four 


8 


THE    CARPENTER 


escapees  could  not  agree.  Estimates 
ranged  from  two  and  a  half  to  five 
and  a  half  millions.  Since  there  are 
somewhere  around  a  hundred  and 
seventy-five  million  people  in  the  na- 
tion, it  appears  that  some  two  or  three 
per  cent  who  are  party  members  rule 
the  rest. 

There  is  compulsory  schooling  in 
Russia.  In  rural  communities,  four 
grades  of  schooling  are  required.  In 
cities,  the  prescribed  minimum  is 
seven  grades.  Party  officials  deter- 
mine what  kind  of  work  each  young- 
ster finishing  school  shall  enter.  The 
huskier  lads  are  shipped  to  the  mines 
or  other  types  of  work  that  require 
brawn.  The  brighter  ones  are  shipped 
to  machine  shops,  and  the  pets  and 
sons  of  party  members  get  to  go  to 
college.  The  lads  who  go  to  work  are 
indentured  for  seven  years  to  the 
particular   trades   chosen   for  them. 


Thus  the  four  Russians  summarized 
the  "glories"  of  life  in  communist  Rus- 
sia. It  should  be  emphasized  that 
none  of  these  four  escapees  was  sold 
on  democracy  when  he  escaped 
Russia.  They  merely  knew  that  they 
were  thoroughly  fed  up  with  restric- 
tions and  regimentation  and  bulldoz- 
ing through  hunger  and  fear.  They 
only  wanted  to  get  away  in  the  hope 
that  somewhere  else  in  the  world  they 
could  establish  themselves  in  a  so- 
ciety in  which  the  integrity  and  worth 
of  an  individual  human  being  could 
be  worth  something.  Here  in  America 
they  have  found  what  they  have  been 
looking  for.  Nothing  would  please 
them  more  than  to  have  all  the  people 
in  this  nation  who  prattle  about  the 
glories  of  Soviet  Russia  shipped  over 
there  for  a  few  years  to  really  taste 
the  "glories"  as  they  exist. 


Brotherhood  Exhibit  Popular  At  Label  Show- 
Nearly  a  million  people  visited  the  Union  Industries  Show  sponsored  by 
the  Union  Label  Department  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  and  held 
in  Philadelphia  in  May  of  this  year.   Among  the  most  interesting  and  popular 


exhibits  in  the  show  was  as  that  of  the  United  Rrotherhood.  Containing  a  small 
model  home  and  a  cut-away  model  of  a  modest  cottage,  the  United  Brother- 
hood exhibit  caught  the  eye  of  the  thousands  upon  thousands  of  families  in- 
terested in  acquiring  a  home  of  their  own.  The  United  Brotherhood  exhibit 
showed  not  only  sound  construction  methods  but  also  the  craftsmanship  in- 
volved in  putting  up  a  union-constructed  home. 


History  of  Apprenticeship 

Know  all  men  that  I,  Thomas  Millard,  with  the  Consent  of  Henry 
Wolcott  of  Windsor  unto  whose  costody  h-  care  at  whose  charge 
I  was  brought  over  out  of  England  into  New  England,  doe  hynd 
myself  as  an  apprentise  for  eight  yeeres  to  serve  William  Pyn- 
chon  of  Springfield,  his  heires  h-  assigns  in  all  manner  of  lawful 
employmt  unto  the  full  ext  of  eight  yeeres  beginninge  the  29 
day  of  Sept  1640  6-  the  said  William  doth  condition  to  find  the 
said  Thomas  meat  drinke  h-  clothing  fitting  such  an  apprentise 
&  at  the  end  of  his  tyme  one  new  sute  of  apparell  ir  forty  shill- 
ings in  mony:  subscribed  this  28  October  1640 

*       *       • 

WHAT  it  was  like  to  be  an  apprentice  in  New  England  in  Colonial 
days  is  reflected  in  the  1640  indenture,  quoted  above.  In  return 
for  his  devoted  services  to  his  master  for  "eight  yeeres,"  all  this 
apprentice  received  as  compensation  was  "meat,  drinke  and  clothing."  He 
was  given,  to  be  sure,  the  "one  new  sute  of  apparell"  promised  him  "at  the 
end  of  his  tyme,"  but  he  lost  out  on  the  cash  mentioned,  as  evidenced  by 
the  following  statement  at  the  foot  of  the  indenture: 

Tho  Millard  by  his  owne  con- 
sent is  released  6-  discharged  of 
Mr.  Pynchons  service  this  22.  of 
May  1648  being  4  months  before 
his  tyme  comes  out,  in  Considera- 
tion whereoff  he  looses  the  40s 
in  mony  wch  should  have  bin  pd 
him,  but  Mr.  Pynchon  giveth  him 
one  New  sute  of  Aparell  he  hath 
at  present 

Stingy  though  the  early  indenture 
was,  it  forms  a  connecting  link  be- 
tween present  and  past  apprentice 
training.  The  apprenticeship  agree- 
jment  which  is  used  today  is  the 
modern  version  of  the  early  indenture, 
[f  the  ghost  of  Thomas  Millard,  the 
ipprentice  named  in  the  1640  in- 
'ienture,  were  to  go  on  an  industrial 
i!5nooping  tour,  he  would  be  surprised 
it  the  modern  version.  He  would  be 
surprised  to  discover,  for  example, 
low  an  apprentice  named  in  a  typical 
apprenticeship  agreement  of  this  day 


and  age  fared  during  his  training.  In- 
stead of  food,  some  clothing,  and  few 
uncertain  shillings,  he  received  he- 
man  wages,  increasing  every  6 
months,  ranging  from  nearly  $40  a 
week  to  nearly  $60.  .  .  .  Instead  of 
working  60  or  more  hours  a  week, 
only  40.  .  .  .  Instead  of  slaving  for 
a  master  in  a  menial  capacity,  he  was 
employed  by  a  large  company,  as  a 
member  of  a  production  force,  and 
trained  step-by-step  on  the  job,  as 
well  as  in  the  classroom.  .  .  Instead 
of  "eight  yeeres"  to  learn  a  craft, 
only  four.  .  .  .  Instead  of  living  in 
the  house  of  a  master,  he  lived  in  a 
home  of  his  own,  as  an  independent, 
self-respecting  citizen.  .  .  Instead  of 
a  master  as  sole  boss,  workers  them- 
selves had  a  voice  in  training  pro- 
cedure through  a  joint  management- 
labor  apprenticeship  committee.  .  .  . 
And  "at  the  end  of  his  tyme"  a  certi- 


i 


10 


THE    CARPENTER 


ficate  awarded,  similar  to  the  diploma 
awarded  graduates  of  engineering 
universities.  .  .  . 

The  modem  apprenticeship  agree- 
ment is  indeed  a  far  cry  from  the  early 
indenture.  Inconceivable,  its  provi- 
sions, to  a  300-year-old  apprentice 
ghost.  Still  more  unbelievable  to  him 
would  be  the  fact  that  over  236,500 
apprentices  in  American  industry  in 
1950  would  be  receiving  benefits  simi- 
lar to  those  of  the  apprentice  cited 
above. 

Today's  apprenticeship  agreement, 
unlike  its  progenitor,  which  dealt  al- 
most exclusi\'ely  with  the  moral  be- 
havior of  the  apprentice,  sets  forth 
the  work  processes  in  which  he  is  to 
be  trained,  his  hours  and  wages  dur- 
ing each  period  of  his  training.  This 
and  other  pertinent  information  are 
incorporated  in  the  agreement  so  that 
an  apprentice  may  know  in  advance 
what  may  enter  into  his  training.  It 
is  merely  a  working  agreement  for 
the  mutual  understanding  and  pro- 
tection of  the  apprentice  and  his  em- 
ployer; while  the  early  indenture 
bound  the  apprentice— inescapably  in 
most  instances— body  and  soul  to  a 
master. 

TUe  indenture  and  the  system  of 
master-apprentice  relationship  in  ap- 
prenticeship was  adopted  by  the 
craftsmen  who  arrived  in  this  country 
from  England  and  other  European 
countries.  The  craftsmen  who  were 
the  apprentices'  masters,  were  asso- 
ciated in  guilds  in  Europe  during  the 
Middle  Ages,  for  their  protection  and 
the  advancement  of  their  crafts.  In- 
cluded in  the  membership  of  the 
guilds  were  the  journeymen  who  were 
a  step  below  the  masters. 

The  indentiue  derived  its  name 
from  the  fact  that  the  edge  of  the  first 
forms  used  in  England  were  indented 
or  notched  by  tearing  duphcate  copies 
across  the  top,  before  the  names  of 
apprentices  and  masters  were  insert- 


ed. This  uneven  edge  identified  the 
copy  retained  by  the  apprentice  as  a 
duplicate  of  the  copy  retained  by  the 
master,  which  was  similarly  notched. 

Both  the  original  and  the  copy  of 
the  indenture  of  Colonial  days  were 
signed  by  the  master  and  the  parent 
or  guardian  of  apprentices,  all  of 
whom  were  in  their  teens— most  of 
them  not  more  than  14  years  old.  The 
modem  apprenticeship  agreement  is 
signed  by  the  employer,  by  a  repre- 
sentative of  a  joint  management-labor 
apprenticeship  committee  where  a 
committee  is  established,  or  by  both; 
as  well  as  by  the  apprentice,  or,  if  he 
is  a  minor,  by  his  parent  or  guardian. 

The  average  age  of  apprentices  to- 
day in  American  industry,  when  they 
start  their  training,  ranges  from  18 
to  24;  and  many  of  them— particularly 
veterans  of  the  last  war— are  25  years 
of  age  and  over. 

In  addition  to  the  indenture,  one 
other  remaming  link  with  the  past  is 
the  transfer  of  skills,  acquired  tlirough 
apprenticeship,  from  one  generation 
to  another.  This  transfer  of  skill  be- 
gan 4,000  years  ago-in  2100  B.  C, 
the  date  of  the  Babylonian  Code  of 
Hammurabi,  which  made  explicit  pro- 
vision that  artisans  teach  their  crafts 
to  youth.  The  records  of  Egv^pt, 
Greece,  and  Rome  in  earhest  times 
also  reveal  this  passing  on  of  skills 
from  generation  to  generation  through 
some  form  of  apprenticeship.  Since 
time  immemorial  industrial  progress 
has  been  due  in  large  measure  to 
craftsmen  who  have  learned  their 
trades  from  their  elders.  The  prestige 
in  England  centuries  ago  is  reflected 
in  the  following  dialogue  which  ap- 
pears in  the  Red  Book  of  Hergest,  a 
14th  Century  Welsh  Bardic  manu- 
script: 

"Open  the  door! 
"I  will  not  open  it. 
"Wherefore  not? 


THE    CARPENTER 


11 


ft^ 


^^^^ 


iloth  by  these  PreseiiU  bio<t^^^<'^9 


-A 

after  the  manner  of  an  Am>rcni- 
(l.-it<'>ir  tlirsL-  Presents,  unlil  tlic  i*Jt.rCt»t.i/i  ^T**^ 


anil  with  the  free  will  ami  consent  of  tli 

is  here l)y  bound  an  A|>[>reutice  tu      _  _  _     ^   _^ 

toloarn  the  art.  trails  or  iMslcry  "f  4t.^TC^ 
an. I  uilli  him  the  >aiil.,/t^<g.^ <  -/ix^^*^ 
ticp,  to  sei^-  fiomlhe  iby  of  the 

day  of  ^^^^iCC«^>w^*^  ,  uhicli  will  be  in  the  year  ofunr  Lord  u^thousand 
ei;;;ht  hund/i'd  and jyt^ri<^r  ^I^O <t .  when  the  said  .\|)|ircntice  will  arrive  at  the  age 
of#SM^^^)b>^S^^-^Utt>-'  years  :  During  all  whiih  time,  the  --aid  A[i|>reiiti('e  bis  said 
Mii'.tcr  ui^KuiiI  faillifiilly  sh;»ll  vnve,  his  secrelM  kee|»,  hi>>  law  fill  ninimaiids  duly  oliey. 
He  >hall  do  no  ilaiiia^i'  to  hii  «aiil  Master,  nor  siinV-r  it  to  lie  done  liy  others,  without 
giviii:;  seasonalile  notice  theieur  lu  his  said  Master.  He  xiiali  not  waste  the  goods  of 
liis  said  Master,  nur  lend  them  unlawrnlly  to  any.  .\t  cards,  dice,  or  any  other  unlaw- 
ful !;aine.  hesliall  not  |ii;iy.  lie  shall  notaliseiit  himself,  hy  day  or  liy  iiiglit,  from  tiic 
service  of  his  said  Master,  without  his  leave;  nor  haunt  or  rrei|Mrnt  ale-hoiises,  taverns, 
ur  !;aniin:;  places.  He  shall  not  cnntrirt  matrimony  \tithiii  tin-  said  term  ;  nor  shall  hu 
commit  any  aits  of  vice  or  iuimoralily  whirii  are  foiliiddeii  liy  the  Laws  of  the  L'om- 
innnwealth  :  lint  ii  all  thin:;s,  and  at  all  times,  he  shall  carry  and  behave  himself  tn- 
vai'ds  his  said  Master,  and  all  others,  as  a  good  and  faithful  Apprentice  uuf;ht  to  do. 
dnrinirall  the  term  aforesaid. 


^loth  herehj  i 


Villi  the  sa  .    _^    .      _  _ 

th  herehv  coMiiaiil  and  proinisi. 
to  teach  and  instruct,  or  cnusc  the  said  Apprciilicc^lo  he  iiistriii  led,  in  llir  art,  trade  or 
callini;  of^=<-  ^^^fc<***«*.  —  *^^  t jA.'Tx^-i.  <'^V-  hy  the  best  way  or  means 

that  he  may  or  can  (if  said  Apprenliie  be  capalile  to  leaiii ;)  and  during  the  said  term. 
tiUiiid  and  provide  iintotlje  said  Apprentice    f  »  Ji  "^^  >   ./'««  i^in*   <ViYifr<»J«i 

In  TEsriMOur  WHF.nEor,  the  said  Parties  have  to  this,  and  one  other  Indenture,  of  the 
same  tenor  and  datt,  ■tcrchan'geably  set  their  bands  and  seals,  the  ^jt-^t^'>^  <» 
day  ti{  ^■f^  Wji  »\_t^  It)         ,  iu  the  year  ofour  Lord  oae^  thousand  eight  hundred 

Sifoed,  SfiakMl  utd  delirerctl 
I  PrcjeDco  vf  u 


12 


THE    CARPENTER 


'The  knife  is  in  the  meat,  and  the 
drink  is  in  the  horn,  and  there  is  rev- 
eh->-  in  Arthur's  Hall:  and  none  ma\- 
enter  therein  but  the  son  of  a  King  of 

a  pri\-ileged  countn-.   or  a  craftsman 
bringing  his  craft." 

In  \ie\v  of  the  waning  prestige  of 
kings,  it  would  not  be  flattering  to 
place  today's  craftsmen  in  the  same 
category.".  Today  the\'  are  an  integral 
part  of  the  industrial  picture,  while 
kings  have  nearly  all  disappeared. 

The  crafts  themselves  ha\-e  always 
been  largely  a  family  tradition.  Fa- 
thers have  taught  their  sons  the  crafts, 
and  their  sons  have  taught  their  sons. 
This  famih"  tradition  is  exemplified  to- 
day in  stone  cutting  and  finishing— 
one  of  the  most  ancient  of  the  crafts. 
In  Elberton,  Georgia,  '"the  Granite 
Center  of  the  South.''  50  per  cent  of 
the  130  apprentices  in  training  under 
the  area-\"^"ide  apprenticeship  program 
there  are  related  to  the  journeymen 
employed  b}"  the  45  granite  plants 
participating  in  the  program. 

There  is  one  chapter  in  the  his- 
tor}"  of  apprenticeship  which  caused 
a  stigma  difficult  to  outh\'e— that  re- 
lating to  the  exploitation  of  poor  chil- 
dren, as  well  as  po^'ert}"-stricken  men 
and  ^^^omen.  Man\'  were  indentured 
servants,  who  were  given  httle  or  no 
opportunit}"  to  learn  a  trade;  and  the 
system  can  hardly  be  classified  as  ap- 
prenticeship. The  practice  of  inden- 
turing servants.  S'jrnc  of  whom  were 
undesirables,  includiiig  rorrner  prison- 
ers imported  from  abroad,  took  place 
largely  in  the  Southern  States,  where 
workers  were  needed  on  the  planta- 
tions. They  worked  off  the  cost  of 
their  transportation  by  serving  as  so- 
called  apprentices.  Tempted  into  this 
traffic  were  the  captains  of  ships  and 
bartering  agents  who  profited  by  the 
system.  This  exploitation  of  the  un- 
fortunates was  finally  erased  after 
pubHc  sentiment  brought  about  regu- 
lative acts. 


\A'hile  there  were  comparatively 
few  cases  of  indentured  ser\ants  out- 
side of  the  Southern  States,  at  any 
time,    instances    may   be    cited    else- 

v.here.  even  as  late  as  the  19th  Cen- 
tury. A  voluminous  document,  dated 
1S20,  for  example,  reveals  that  an  in- 
dentured servant  was  used  to  solve 
the  help  problem  in  a  New  Jersey  sub- 
urb. The  indenture  specified  that  the 
15-year  old  daughter  of  "a  man  of 
colour  in  the  township  of  Randolph 
of  the  Count}-  of  Morris  in  the  State 
of  Xew  Jersey  shaU  bind  herself  a 
ser\-ant  and  apprentice  unto  William 
Reeves  of  the  place  aforesaid,"  to 
learn  the  "art  and  occupation  of 
house\^"ifer\-  and  housekeeping."  Ac-  \ 
cording  to  the  imposing  terms  set ' 
forth,  she  was  scheduled  to  continue 
in  his  ser\-ice  for  five  years  and  two  : 
months,  to  behave  herself  during  that  ■ 
time— or  else.  In  return  for  her  ser- 
\ices.  her  master  agreed  to  provide 
food,  clothing,  and  lodging,  and  "a 
S30  feather  bed."  as  weU  as  a  chance 
to  go  to  school  for  a  few  months. 

That  the  construction  industry, 
which  has  been  in  the  forefront  in  re- 
cent years  in  apprenticeship  acti\"ities 
in  this  countr\\  used  the  formalized 
indenture  over  a  centun."  ago,  is  evi- 
denced b}"  a  "Tiouse  carpenter"  in- 
denture, dated  1832.  This  indenture 
boimd  a  16-year-old  apprentice  in 
Xew  Bedford,  Massachusetts,  to  his 
master  until  18-37,  exactly  100  years 
before  the  enactment  of  today's  na- 
tional apprenticeship  law  (Pubhc  Law 
308,  75th  Congress;.  The  indenture 
states  that  John  Slocum,  "doth  by 
these  Presents  bind  L>Tnan  Slocimi. 
his  son.  a  minor  *  *  *  to  Thomas  Rem- 
ington *  *  *  to  learn  the  art,  trade.' 
and  m}"sten-  of  a  house  carpenter.' 
The  master,  according  to  the  inden-i 
ture,  promised  "to  teach  and  instruct' 
or  cause  the  said  apprentice  to  be  in- 
structed, in  the  art,  trade  or  caUing 


THE    CARPENTER 


13 


of  a  house  painter.  *  *  *  (if  said  ap- 
prentice is  capable  to  learn)." 

Whatever  methods  were  used  to 
acquire  the  skills  in  the  crafts  in  the 
early  days,  the  1832  carpenter  appren- 
tice indenture  cited  above,  is  not  en- 
lightening with  respect  to  training, 
except  for  the  somewhat  uncertain 
promise  of  the  master  to  instruct  the 
apprentice,  if  he  showed  that  he  was 
'capable  to  learn."  Compare,  for  ex- 
ample, what  the  city-wide  carpentry 
apprenticeship  program  in  Baltimore 
-a  typical  program  of  today— pro- 
vides Arthur  P.  Prentice,  a  high 
school  graduates,  19  years  old.  Arthur 
has  a  definite  work  schedule  to  follow; 
and  is  also  given  thorough  classroom 
instruction  four  hours  a  week  in  the 
local  public  vocational  school  in  sub- 


jects related  to  his  practical  work.  He 
is  indentured  to  a  joint  employer- 
labor  apprenticeship  committee  which 
directs  the  city-wide  program.  The 
committee  moves  him  from  one  build- 
ing contractor  to  another  and  one  con- 
struction job  after  another.  He  is  thus 
enabled  to  acquire  experience  in 
every  kind  of  carpentry  work  per- 
formed by  journeymen— the  all-round 
skilled  workers  in  the  craft. 

Arthur  works  eight  hours  a  day 
alongside  seasoned  craftsmen  on  ac- 
tual construction  jobs  that  are  under- 
way. At  the  start  of  his  training  he 
was  paid  $1.27  per  hour,  or  about  $50 
a  week;  and  his  wages  increase  every 
six  months,  reaching  $1.90  per  hour 
or  $75  a  week,  during  the  final  six 
months  of  the  fourth  year  of  his  train- 
ing . 


JUNE, 


OLD  MAGAZINE   DESCRIBES    1890   CONDITIONS 

Delving  through  his  attic,  an  employe  at  the  General  Office  recently  uncovered  a  June, 
1890,  copy  of  Demorest's  Magazine,  a  publication  that  carried  considerable  weight  prior  to 
the  turn  of  the  century.  Contained  in  the  issue  vi'as  the  short  piece  reprinted  below  (to- 
gether with  a  picture  of  the  cover  of  the  magazine)  outlining  the  struggles  of  the  United 
Brotlierhood  for  an  eight  hour  day. 

THE  EIGHT-HOUR  MOVEMENT 

The  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters 
and  Joiners  have  sent  a  circular  letter  ad- 
dressed to  "The  carpenters  and  mechanics 
of  Europe,"  to  all  the  trades-unions  in 
England  and  Germany,  warning  workmen 
not  to  come  to  this  country  until  the  strug- 
gle for  a  working-day  of  eight  hours  has 
been  concluded.  In  this  circular  the  United 
Brotherhood  also  asserts  that  "the  carpenters 
of  America  are  by  no  means  so  well  off  or 
so  well  paid  as  these  capitalists  and  tlieir 
agents  would  have  European  workmen  be- 
lieve. Work  here  is  always  unsteady— at 
best  will  average  eight  months  a  year— and 
tlie  general  rule  is  ten  hours  a  day.  Men 
shift  frequently  from  one  employer  to  an- 
other for  want  of  steady  work.  Competi- 
tion is  keen  and  intense,  and  a  big  day's 
work  is  expected  from  each  man.  Machinery 
and  new  inventions  constantly  reduce  the 
demand  for  labor,  and  with  the  incoming 
flow  of  immigration  only  add  to  the  large 
glut  of  idle  men  in  this  country."  This  cir- 
cular is  not  calculated  to  encourage  the  im- 
migration of  dissatisfied  workers  on  the  other 
side,  but  doubtless  will  encourage  them  in 
their  eight-hour  movement,  which  is  assum- 

■Socialist  workmen  leaders  are  strongly  crowded 

upon  this  question. 


ng  considerable  proportions,  and  the  anti 
i^o  fall  into  line  with  the  industrial  masses 


SIP 


TURN    ABOUT 

"Jumping  Joe"  McCarthy,  vociferous  Sen- 
ator from  Wisconsin,  has  been  creating 
sometliing  of  a  furor  with  his  sensational 
"charges"  tliat  hundreds  of  undesirables  are 
working  in  tlie  State  Department  of  the 
government.  Anotlier  investigating  commit- 
tee subsequently  discovered  that  Senator 
McCarthy  pocketed  $10,000  from  a  defunct 
prefabricated  house  manufacturing  outfit  for 
"writing"  a  book.  Our  only  comment  is  to 
tell  the  old  one  about  Zeke,  the  moun- 
taineer: 

It  had  taken  Zeke  all  morning  to  tow  a 
tourist's  disabled  car  down  the  mountain 
road  to  the  closest  village.  When  he  finally 
returned  home  at  dusk,  his  wife  met  him 
on  tlie  porch. 

"How  much  did  you  charge  tliat  city  fel- 
ler fer  towin'  him?"  she  asked. 

"Fifty  cents,"  answered  Zeke.  "Guess  it 
warn't  too  much.  Leastwise,  he  didn't  kick 
up  no  fuss." 

"Fifty  cents,"  sputtered  tlie  irate  wife,  "I 
swear.  Pa,  sometimes  I  wish  you'd  pull  the 
cart  and  let  the  mule  handle  the  executive 
end  of  tilings." 


44.  is3-g3SBcs-(g)  1950    (aRL    StAM WiTz 


"or  Gus  always  said  his  old  union 
spirit  would  never  expire!" 


SOMETHING  TO  THINK  ABOUT 

There  was  a  short  and  humorous  report  in 
the  papers  the  other  day  which  might  bear 
deeper   significance  tlian  we  think. 

It  was  about  a  fellow  who  was  the  victim 
of  an  automatic  coffee-vending  machine.; 
Seems  he  put  a  coin  in  the  contraption  and,l 
when  it  failed  to  serve  up  the  proper  re- 
freshment, he  slammed  the  robot  around  a 
bit  with  his  open  hand.  Whereupon,  thai 
mechanical  merchant  squirted  black  coflFee! 
on  its   assailant's  clean  white   shirt. 

This  victim  of  the  automatic  age  got  off^ 
lightly.  His  clash  with  a  monster  salesman! 
could  have  been  much  worse.  Say,  ioi 
example,  he  had  felt  the  urge  for  a  bit  of; 
exercise  and  wanted  to  buy  a  baseball  bati 
or  a  set  of  golf  clubs.  Since  we  are  fast' 
approaching  the  day  of  completely  auto- 
matic living,  he  might  have  been  deal- 
ing witli  a  bat-vending  machine  which,  when 
roughed  up,  would  strike  the  customer  over 
the  head  with  a  Louisville  Slugger  instead 
of  dashing  coflEee  on  his  shirt. 

In  a  more  serious  vein,  this  funny  little 
incident  (funny  to  us,  not  the  dirty-shirted 
victim),  carries  a  forceful  commentary  on 
our  times.  We  are  trusting  more  and  more 
of  our  duties  to  machines.  It  would  be 
well  for  us  to  pause,  at  times,  and  ponder 
the  destination  of  our  march  of  ingenuity. 

Will  civilization  eventually  reach  the  day 
when  nobody  works?  Will  our  descendants 
of  tomorrow  push  a  button  for  everything 
they  want?  Or,  will  the  machine  retaliate, 
not  by  squirting  coffee  on  our  shirts  or  hit- 
ting us  over  tlie  head  with  ball  bats,  but  by 
making  a  complete  mess  of  the  entire  econ- 
omy? 

Perhaps  man  is  not  master  of  the  machine 
at  all.  If  the  machine  should  rebel  success- 
fully and  bankrupt  our  economy,  civilization 
might  one  day  find  itself  in  tlie  plight  de- 
scribed in  H.  G.  Wells'  book,  "Things  to 
Come,"  witli  all  our  great  machines  basking 
smugly  in  junk  yards,  getting  a  nice  rust 
tan,  while  man  is  forced  to  return  to  doing 
all  his  labor  by  hand.— Baker's  Journal 


THE    CARPENTER 


15 


IT'S   UP   TO   JOE 

Losing  out  sadly  in  the  cold  war,  old 
j  vioustache  Joe  last  month  decided  to  warm 
i  hings  up  a  bit.  Through  his  North  Korean 
I  tooges,  he  attacked  Southern  Korea  with  a 
jjlitz  Hitler  might  approve  of.  However, 
j  his  time  Joe  bit  off  a  little  more  than  he 
|;an  chew,  because  the  United  States  and 
'he  rest  of  the  civilized  world  have  said: 
I 'Hold  on,  Pardner,  this  is  the  end  of  the 
I  ine  insofar  as  your  aggression  is  concerned." 

I  At  this  writing,  the  Korean  war  was  rag- 
ng  furiously.  Whether  it  develops  into  a 
General  war  is  now  up  to  Joe.  The  U.  S, 
las  had  only  five  years  of  peace.  It  was 
:i  peace  that  cost  a  good  deal  in  lives  and 
'noney  to  achieve.  If  it  has  to  go,  all  we 
i;an  do  is  be  as  philosophical  as  the  Cana- 
llian  woodsman  in  the  following  oldie: 

I'  Chopping  down  trees  in  Canada,  a  French 
Hanuck  was  able,  by  arduous  labor  and  the 
|)bservance  of  careful  thrift,  to  save  $100 
)er  annum.  After  fifteen  years  of  unremit- 
ing  toil,  he  decided  to  take  a  little  holiday, 
I  md  came  charging  down  to  New  York  with 
:)1,500  in  his  jeans.  A  local  gambling  house 
j  elieved  him  of  the  entire  poke  in  one  hour 
lat. 


"Well,"  bellowed  the  hardy  woodsman, 
IS  he  arose  from  the  table,  "easy  come, 
[ijasy  go!" 

•     *     * 


VOTES  AND  PRAYERS  NEEDED 

In  the  primary  elections  held  to  date 
abor  has  made  only  a  mediocre  showing. 
^  number  of  good,  pro-labor  men  were 
lominated,  but  by  the  same  token  a  number 
)f  proved  friends  of  the  working  man  went 
lown  to  defeat.  Labor  will  have  to  make 
)etter  use  of  its  ammunition  between  now 
ind  next  November  if  a  decent  Congress  is 
o  be  elected. 

For  four  years  now  the  working  people 
)f  this  nation  have  taken  a  beating  because 
here  were  enough  Tafts  and  Dixiecrats  in 
A^ashington  to  block  legislation  capable  of 
■emoving  the  Taft-Hartley  shackles  from 
anions,  building  up  decent  Social  Secur- 
ty,  providing  decent  housing  for  middle  in- 
;ome  groups,  etc.  Unless  the  labor  vote 
:omes  out  strong  enough  in  November  to 
mseat  many  Tafts  and  Dixiecrats,  the  work- 
ng  people  of  the  nation  will  be  in  a  posi- 
ion  about  like  the  pilot  running  into  difE- 
;ulty  over  the  ocean.  Getting  the  nearest 
•ontrol  tower  on  his  radio,  the  pilot  frantic- 
lily  called: 


"Pilot  to  tower;  pilot  to  tower.  Out  of 
gas  at  8,000  feet,  thirty  miles  out  over  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.    Give  instructions." 

Back  came  a  prompt  answer:  "Tower  to 
pilot;  tower  to  pilot.  Repeat  after  me:  "Our 
Father,  who  art  in  Heaven  ..." 

The  moral  is:  Kick  in  a  buck  or  two 
to  your  local  non-partisan  committee  this 
month  to  help  gas  up  organized  labor's 
political  plane  so  we  won't  find  ourselves 
in  the  same  position  as  the  above  pilot 
next  year. 

•     •     • 
PERT  AND  PERTINENT 
"In  conducting   every  phase  of  your  busi- 
ness program,  don't  forget  that  'Honesty  is 
the  best  policy'.   .   ."—Magazine   article. 

—and,  we  might  add,  the  rarest. 
"City  plans  to  build  giant  skating  rink  with 
seating  capacity  of  12,000  .  .  ."—Newspaper 
headline. 

—evidently  the  city  fathers  expect  a  lot  of 
poor   skaters   to  attend. 

"Men  in  business  often  complain  of  the  bad- 
ness of  their  memory  .  .  ."—Memory  course 
advertisement. 

—but  the   millenium  will  be   here   when 

you  hear  one  admit  to  an  error  in  his 

judgment. 
"Creative  work  is  more  exhausting  than  phys- 
ical labor  .  .  ."—Radio  Commentator. 

—at  least,  that's  the  lazy  man's  alibi  for 

working  less  than  four  hours  a  day. 


45.  153  ©  1950    C^RL    ^TAMWiTz 

"Get  going!  Can't  you  realize  that 
Union  means  YOUnion?" 


16 


THE  DANGER  IS  REAL 


YOU  HAVEN'T  been  reading  much  about  it  in  the  papers,  but  the  Housf 
Committee  which  is  investigating  lobbying  activities  in  Washington  ha; 
uncovered  some  ver)'  interesting  facts,— facts  which  prove  that  there  ii 
a  highly-organized  and  well-financed  move  afoot  not  only  to  smash  all  organ 
ized  labor  but  also  to  repeal  all  social  legislation  passed  in  the  last  fifty  years 
As  this  was  being  written,  Big  Business  lobbyists  were  brazenly  defying  thf 
committee  and  refusing  to  divulge  pertinent  information  which  the  committee 
was  demanding.  Time  and  again  they  literally  challenged  the  committee.  Ont 
reason  for  their  cockiness  was  the  fact  that  they  knew  they  had  a  number  O; 
staunch  supporters  among  the  committee  members;  men  like  Halleck  o; 
Indiana  and  Brown  of  Ohio  from  the  Republican  side  and  Cox  of  Georgia 
from  the  Democratic  side.  Tooth  and  toenail  these  stalwart  opponents  of  or 
ganized  labor  and  all  progressive  legislation  have  been  fighting  to  nullify  th( 
probe.   They  have  thrown  in  the  way 


of  the    committee    all    the    obstacles 
they  could  possibly  invent. 

Chief  target  of  the  probe  to  date 
has  been  the  notorious  Committee  for 
Constitutional  Government  and  its 
many  front  organizations  such  as 
Fighters  for  Freedom,  America's  Fu- 
ture, etc.  Brains  of  this  super-lobby 
combine  is  Edward  A.  Rumely,  a  man 
with  a  somewhat  checkered  past. 
Among  the  things  which  the  commit- 
tee uncovered  last  month  is  the  fact 
that  a  Congressman  is  on  the  pa)'roll 
of  the  lobby. 

When  Rumely  went  back  on  the 
witness  stand  last  month  Benedict  F. 
FitzGerald,  chief  counsel  for  the  com- 
mittee, showed  him  a  letter  from  the 
"Super-Lobby's"  files. 

"This  letter,"  FitzGerald  said,  "is 
signed  by  Sumner  Gerard,  a  trustee 
of  your  lobby  organization.  Gerard 
says  that  you  have  a  congressman  on 
your  payroll." 

Rumely  proceeded  to  "explain"  that 
letter,  this  wav: 


"Former  Congressman  Samuel  B 
Pettengill  (reactionary'  Indiana  Dem 
ocrat)  used  to  write  both  a  radio  pro 
gram  and  a  newspaper  column  fo: 
us.  Pettengill  quit,  so  we  had  to  fine 
someone  else. 

"We  went  to  Congressman  Ralpl 
W.  Gwinn  (New  York  Taft-Republi 
can)  and  to  Dr.  WiUford  I.  King  (ai 
economics  professor  who  has  Ions 
been  on  this  lobby  combine's  pa\Toll) 
We  said  'Will  each  of  you  even,'  wee] 
write  a  newspaper  column  for  us,  anc 
we  will  also  put  it  into  our  'Pau 
Revere'  messages.'  Gwinn  said  h 
would." 

Professor  King  also  agreed,  o 
course,  because  he  is  Rumely's  plai] 
hired  man.  So  we  have  the  interest 
ing  spectacle  of  a  professor  and  a  con 
gressman  writing  a  weekly  propa 
ganda  column  for  this  Big  Busines 
lobby,  and  getting  paid  for  it. 

The  column,  Rumely  further  ex 
plained,  is  sold  or  given  to  news 
papers  by  the  "Features  for  Americ 
Syndicate,"  which  is   another  "front 


THE    CARPENTER 


17 


organization  formed  by  "C.  C.  G."  If 
you  read  that  column  in  your  local 
newspaper,  you  will  now  know  who 
is  back  of  it. 

At  first,  Rumely  said,  the  lobby 
combine  paid  Gwinn  $250  a  month 
for  writing  this  column,  but  later 
"raised"  him  to  $350  a  month.  Rume- 
ly insisted  this  money  was  merely  to 
pay  Gwinn  for  his  "research  ex- 
,  penses." 

That  the  "Super-Lobby"  looks  upon 
Gwinn  as  merely  another  of  its  hired 
I  men  is  indicated  by  a  letter  Rumely 
I  wrote  the  New  York  congressman  in 
'  April  this  year.  The  letter  chided 
Gwinn  for  not  making  his  column 
;  "sharp"  enough,  and  give  him  "sug- 
i  gestions"  on  how  he  should  do  better 
]  in  the  future. 

i      Rumely   and   other   "Super-Lobby" 
f  heads,  however,  frequently  found  oc- 
l  casions  to  write  Gwinn  letters  prais- 
ing him  for  his  work,  not  as  a  "col- 
umnist," but  as  a  congressman.    For 
example,  Gwinn  was  lauded  several 
'  times    for    his    speeches    and    votes 
against  housing  legislation. 
I     About  50  letters  between  Rumely 
■and  Gwinn  were  shown  to  the  com- 
I  mittee    privately,    and    may    not    be 
i  made  public. 

;  A  very  significant  letter  written  by 
'Rumely  on  June  16,  1949— to  former 
;  Taft-Republican  Senator  E.  H.  Moore 
'  of  Oklahoma— said: 

"We  have  employed  full  time,  Irv- 
ing McCann.   He  was  counsel  for  the 
Senate   Labor   Committee   and  man- 
aged   the    hearings    which   preceded 
I  passage  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Act." 
I   ♦Senator  Taft  was  chairman  of  that 
Senate   committee   at   the   time,    but 
I'Rumely  says  the  hearings  were  "man- 
i.aged"  by  McCann,  now  a  "full-time 
employe"  of  this  extremely  anti-labor 
Big  Rusiness  lobby. 
h.  Its  views  on  labor  legislation  are 
jrjevealed  by  a  book— "Labor  Monop- 


olies and  Freedom"— published  by  the 
Rumely  lobby  and  exhibited  at  the 
hearings.  From  this  book,  FitzGerald 
quoted  these  amazing  words: 

"What  we  should  do  is  to  repeal 
all  Federal  labor  laws— on  wages, 
hours  of  labor,  collective  bargaining, 
minimum  wages,  etc.— and  abolish  all 
boards,  bureaus  and  commissions  that 
result  from  these  laws." 

In  other  words,  turn  the  clock 
back  at  least  half  a  century,  to  the 
days  when  working  men  and  women 
had  no  laws  to  protect  them  from  the 
greed  and  tyranny  of  hard-boiled  em- 
ployers. 

Without  such  laws,  workers  would 
have  to  depend  entirely  on  strong 
unions  and  collective  bargaining.  Rut 
does  Rumely,  the  "brains  of  this  Su- 
per-Lobby, believe  in  collective  bar- 
gaining? 

On  the  contrary,  this  lobby  pro- 
claims that  collective  bargaining  is  a 
wholly  evil  thing,  and  should  be  com- 
pletely abolished.  In  short,  this  pow- 
erful lobby  is  against  any  kind  of  pro- 
tection for  workers— either  by  unions 
or  by  laws. 

Other  letters  from  and  to  Rumely 
showed  close  connection  between  his 
lobby  combine  and  that  old  foe  of 
labor  unions— the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Manufacturers. 

On  October  7,  1949,  Rumely  wrote 
a  letter  to  former  Senator  Albert  W. 
Hawkes,  ultra-reactionary  New  Jersey 
Taft-Republican,  and  former  presi- 
dent of  the  N.  A.  M. 

"During  the  past  eight  months," 
Rumely  told  Hawkes,  "we  have  been 
carefully  preparing  the  Fighters  For 
Freedom  (the  "political  arm"  of  the 
C.  C.  G.).  Some  of  the  best  minds 
with  which  we  are  in  touch  worked 
months  on  the  F.  F.  F.  'platform'— 
Dr.  King,  Dresser,  Pettengill,  Ralph 
Gwinn  and  others. 


18 


THE    CARPENTER 


"We  then  put  this  platform  to  the 
test  by  full-page  newspaper  ads  in 
Milwaukee,  Racine  and  several  other 
cities,  and  by  nation-wide  mailings. 
It  is  a  mechanism  by  which  those  who 
enroll  in  the  F.  F.  F.  pledge  them- 
selves to  enroll  five  other  members. 

"In  Dallas,  Texas,  Alvin  Owsley, 
former  national  commander  of  the 
American  Legion,  is  spear-heading  the 
most  eflFective  city-wide  drive  we  have 
ever  put  on.  We  use  the  'Paul  Re- 
vere' letters  of  Dr.  King  and  Con- 
gressman Ralph  Gwinn.  Every  two 
weeks,  every  F.  F.  F.  members  gets 
the  'Paul  Revere'  letters,  and  each 
member  gets  a  copy  of  the  book 
'Labor  Monopolies.' " 

On  January  28,  1948,  Frank  Gan- 
nett, millionaire  "chain"  newspaper 
publisher  and  a  chief  organizer  of 
the  C.  C.  G.  lobby,  sent  Rumely  tsvo 
checks  for  $500. 

Rumely  "explained"  to  the  Ru- 
chanan  committee  that  these  checks 
were  "a  personal  affair  between  Gan- 
nett and  a  New  York  congressman," 
who  was  not  identified  as  Gwinn.  As 
a  "personal  service"  to  Gannett,  the 
congressman  put  his  "frank"  at  the 
disposal  of  the  C.  C.  G.,  so  it  could 
mail  free  some  propaganda  which 
Gannett  wanted  distributed. 

Rumely's  explanation  of  where  the 
$500  went  was  none  too  clear.  He 
said  Gannett  "sent  the  checks  to  pay 
for  the  stuff,  and  the  money  went  to 
the  public  printer." 

Homer  Dodge,  "Washington  repre- 
sentative" of  the  C.  C.  G.,  v^rrote 
Rumely  an  interesting  letter  during 
the  recent  battle  on  President  Tru- 
man's proposal  to  amend  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Act  and  oust  Robert  Den- 
ham,  anti-labor  chief  counsel  of  the 
National  Labor  Relations  Roard. 

"It  would  strengthen  the  Taft-Hart- 
ley forces,"  Dodge  told  Rumely,  if 
further    demonstrations    were    made 


now  against  the  whole  Truman  pro- 
gram." Ruchanan  tried  unsuccessfully 
to  get  Rumely  to  explain  what  was 
meant  by  "demonstrations." 

Again  last  month  Ruchanan  repeat- 
edly asked  Rumely  who  puts  up  the 
big  money  for  the  "Super-Lobby" 
combine. 

"You  are  spending  $1,100,000  this 
year,"  Ruchanan  pointed  out.  "Yet  the 
loans  and  contributions  about  which 
you  have  informed  this  committee  to- 
tal only  about  $25,000.  I  think  we  have 
a  right  to  seek  information  about  who 
provided  the  rest  of  the  money." 

Rumely  again  repeatedly  defied  the 
House  committee,  with  such  impu- 
dent words  as  "I  won't  tell."  "You'll 
never  get  that."  "Take  me  to  court 
and  you'll  get  an  education." 

Rrown  and  Halleck  continuously 
encouraged  Rumely  in  this  definance. 

Recently  Frank  R.  Kent,  writer  for 
the  Washington  Star,  bemoaned  the 
fact  that  so  many  ordinary  people  are 
voting  in  elections  these  days.  This, 
Kent  thinks,  "is  the  basic  reason  for 
the  cheapening  of  our  public  service 
during  the  last  two  decades.  .  ."  After 
reading  the  preceding  testimony  be- 
fore the  House  Committee  on  Lobby- 
ing, we  are  inclined  to  agree  with 
Kent  that  public  service  has  been 
cheapened  during  recent  years.  How- 
ever, the  cheapening  has  been  done 
by  men  who  have  aligned  themselves 
with  Rig  Rusiness  interests  which 
have  heavily-laden  purses  at  their  dis- 
posal. 

Take  a  look  back  over  the  last  few 
years.  Who  have  been  the  Congress- 
men most  opposed  to  labor?  Have 
there  been  more  anti-labor  men  in 
Congress  than  Parnell  Thomas,  Fred 
Hartley  and  Ralph  Gwinn?  And  what 
do  these  men's  records  show.  Thomas 
has  been  in  jail  for  squeezing  kick- 
backs out  of  his  secretarial  employes, 
a  procedure  that  is  about  as  despic- 
able as  they  come;  Hartley  has  gone 


THECARPENTER  19 

to  work  for  a  propaganda  organiza-  If  the  eyes  of  the  working  people 
tion  that  has  been  branded  as  being  needed  opening,  the  proceedings  be- 
about  as  close  to  fascism  as  anything  fore  the  House  Committee  of  Lobby- 
existing  in  the  nation  today;  and  now  ing  ought  to  be  enough  to  do  the 
it  is  disclosed  that  Gwinn  is  drawing  job.  Testimony  before  that  commit- 
down  $350  a  month  for  "services"  he  is  tee  makes  it  clear  that  powerful  forces 
rendering  the  most  vicious  lobby  still  ^^e  at  work  trying  to  destroy  not  only 
in  operation  And  let  us  not  overlook  ^jj  organized  labor  but  to  wipe  off  the 
Senator    McCarthy    and    his    $10,000  ^^^^^  ^^  1^^^  ^^^^  protect  working 

tee  rrom  Lustron  Corporation.  Is  i  tt  i  i-x,  i  •  ^  i 
,1  .  ^  r  ii  •  1  •  IT  people.  Unless  the  workmg  people 
this  sort  of  thing  cheapening  public  n  ,  ,  ,  .,  t  ^  i  n  f^i  Ir. 
service  or  not?  Old  Joe  Stalin  must  ^ht  back  through  the  ballot  box  the 
get  many  hearty  laughs  out  of  the  anti-labor  a  liance  may  succeed.  No- 
doings  of  such  men  as  Thomas,  Hart-  ^^"^ber  will  be  the  testing  ground, 
ley,  Gwinn  and  McCarthy.  Nothing  Unless  every  working  man  and  woman 
could  more  effectively  cheapen  public  is  registered  and  prepared  to  vote  m 
service  nor  create  more  distrust  in  the  way  recommended  by  his  union 
public  service  and  democracy  than  committee  the  super  lobbies  may  get 
shenanigans  like  those  named  above.  their  way  yet. 


Brother  John  Fette  Is  War  Casualty 

As  the  cold  war  grows  hotter,  the  effects  of  it  strike  constantly  closer  to 
home.   Already  casualty  lists  are  beginning  to  include  the  names  of  members 

[  of  the  United  Brotherhood.  Among  the  heroes  already  created  by  the  cold 
war,  the  name  of  Brother  John  H.  Fette  stands  high.  It  was  Brother  Fette 
who  was  the  pilot  of  the  ill-fated  Navy  "Privateer"  plane  which  the  Russians 
cold-bloodedly  shot  down  over  the  Baltic  on  April  8th  of  this  year.  The  act 
will  long  remain  as  one  of  the  most  cowardly  and  dastardly  in  modern  history. 
Unarmed  and  on  a  routine  flight,  the  American  plane,  with  Brother  Fette  at 
the  controls,  was  jumped  and  shot  down  by  Soviet  fighter  planes.    It  never 

^  had  a  chance,  for  it  had  nothing  with  which  to  fight  back. 

Brother  Fette  was  born  March  17,  1921.  On  January  17,  1941  he  was 
initiated  into  Local  Union  2274  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  From  that  time  until  August 
1 1948,  when  he  entered  the  service.  Brother  Fette  worked  at  the  trade  and 
;  remained  a  loyal  member  of  the  United  Brotherhood.  In  line  with  the  action 
^  adopted  by  the  General  Executive  Board,  Brother  Fette  was  carried  on  the 
membership  rolls  from  the  time  he  entered  the  service  without  the  payment 
Pof  further  dues.  Last  month  a  full  funeral  donation  of  $600  was  paid  to  his 
beneficiary  by  the  General  Office. 

The  death  of  Brother  Fette  emphasizes  the  utter  ruthlessness  and  vicious- 
|ness  of  the  communist  menace— a  menace  that  must  be  stamped  out  at  any 
i  cost  if  human  integrity,  human  dignity  and  human  life  itself  are  to  have  any 
meaning.   His  passing  should  serve  as  an  inspiration  to  all  who  believe  in  the 
common  decency  to  uncompromisingly  battle  the  communist  menace  wher- 
ever and  whenever  it  arises. 

i 


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 

Qbnebal  Office!  :  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


General  President 

WM.   L.   HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'  Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


First  General  Vice-Presidenx 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


Acting  Secret art 

ALBERT    B.    FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN   R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'   Building,   Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Treasurer 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Executive  Board 


First   District,    CHARLES   JOHNSON.    JR. 

Ill  B.  22nd  St.,   New  York  10.   N.   Y. 


Fifth  District.  R.  B.  ROBERTS 
3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second   District,    O.    WM.    BLAIBR 
933  E.   Magee,   Philadelphia  11,   Pa. 


Sixth  District,   A.   W.   MDIR 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District,  HARRY  SCHWARZER 
1248  Walnut  Ave.,    Cleveland,    O. 


Seventh  District 
3560    St.    Lawrence,    Montreal,    Que.,    Can. 


Fourth    District,    ROLAND    ADAMS 
712  West  Palmetto   St.,   Florence,    S.   C. 


WM.   L.   HUTCHESON.   Chairman 
ALBERT  B.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 


CONVENTION  CALL 
AMERICAN  FEDERATION  OF  LABOR 

You  are  hereby  notified  that,  in  pursuance  of  the  Constitution  of  the  American  Federa-!! 
tion  of  Labor,  the  Sixty-ninth  Convention  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  will  be' 
held^in  the  Civic  Auditorium,  Houston,  Texas,  beginning  at  10:00  o'clock  Monday  Morn- 
ing, September  18,  1950,  and  will  continue  in  session  from  day  to  day  until  the  business 
of  the  Convention  shall  have  been  completed. 


CONVENTION  CALL 
UNION  LABEL  TRADES  DEPARTMENT 

Pursuant  to  the  Constitution  of  the  Union  Label  Trades  Department  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor,  you  are  hereby  notified  that  tlie  Forty-second  Annual  Convention  of 
the  Union  Label  Trades  Department  will  convene  in  tlie  South  American  Room,  Rice 
Hotel,  Houston,  Texas,  10  a.m.,  Friday,  September  15,  1950,  and  will  continue  in  session 
until  the  business  of  the  Convention  is  completed. 


CONVENTION  CALL 
BUILDING  AND  CONSTRUCTION   TRADES   DEPARTMENT 

Pursuant  to  Section  Four  of  the  Constitution  of  tlie  Building  and  Construction  Trades 
Department  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  you  are  hereby  notified  that  the  Forty- 
third  Annual  Convention  will  be  held  in  Houston,  Texas,  at  the  Rice  Hotel,  Wednesday 
September  13,  1950,  at  10:00  a.m.  and  will  continue  in  session  from  day  to  day  until  the| 
business  of  the  convention  shall  have  been  completed. 


THECARPENTER  21 

Proposed  Changes  to  Our  Constitution  and  Laws 


Submitted  by  Local  Union  2554,  Lebanon,  Oregon. 

Section  1  be  amended  by  adding  Paragraph  C. 

"When  reference  is   herein  made   to   a  member  by  pronoun  that  such   pronoun   shall 
include  the  female  gender  when  such  member  is  a  female." 

*  «     «     #     * 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  2568,  Edmonton,  Alta.,  Canada. 

Change  Section  9,  Paragraph  L  to  read: 

"A  member  to  be  eligible  for  nomination  and  election  as  a  General  Officer  must  have 
been  a  member  for  5  years  (or  term  agreed  upon  at  the  Convention.) 

*  «     #     #     i» 

I  Submitted  by  the  Oregon  State  Council  of  Carpenters,  Salem,  Oregon. 

I        Section  13,  Paragraph  B  be  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

i  "He  shall  publish  the  Official  Journal  on  the  15th  of  each  month,  giving  therein  all 
business  pertaining  to  the  Local  Unions,  and  mail  a  copy  of  same  to  the  home  address 
of  each  member  who  is  entitled  to  donations.  He  shall  also  issue  the  General  Password 
quarterly,  and  a  General  Password  to  the  Ladies'  Auxiliary  semi-annually,  and  publish 
a  monthly  Financial  Statement  in  pamphlet  form  of  all  moneys  received  and  expended 
and  the  sources  from  which  they  have  been  received,  itemized  to  show  the  individual 
amounts  received  for  Per  Capita  Tax,  Initiation  Fees  and  Supplies  from  each  source,  same 
to  be  forwarded  to  the   Secretary  of  each  Local  Union,  District  Council   and   State   or 

Provincial  Council." 

I  *     #     #     «     «t 

'Proposed  by  Local  Union  1529,  Kansas  City,  Kansas. 
Amend  Section  18,  Paragraph  A  to  read: 

"The  Convention  city  shall  be  chosen  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  ballots  cast  by  the 
delegates  to  the  General  Convention  in  regular  session." 

I  #     #     #     *     # 

I  By  Local  Union  512,  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan. 
Amend  Section  18,  Paragraph  I  to  read: 
<■        "The  General  Treasurer  shall  pay  out  of  the  General  Fund  transportation  expenses  not 

to  exceed  four  cents  (4c)  per  mile  each  way  of  all  delegates  entitled  to  seats  and  attending 

(the  General  Convention. 

1       Mileage  shall  be  computed  over  the  shortest  route  over  which  a  ticket  for  continuous 

I  passage  can  be  purchased. 

!       All  other  legitimate  expenses  to  be  defrayed  by  the  Local  Union  they  respectively  rep- 

liiesent." 

if  *     #     »     #     « 

Local  Union  134,  Montreal,  Que.,  Canada. 

I       Amend  Section  18,  Paragraph  M  by  adding  the  following  words,  after  the  word  Brotli- 
i|erhood  "They  shall  be  entitled  to  two  weeks  vacation  with  pay  annually." 

Amended  Paragraph  to  read: 
!       "All  salaries  of  General  Officers  and  General  Organizers  shall  be  fixed  by  the  General 
Convention  subject  to  the  referendum  vote  of  the  meinbership  of  the  United  Brotherhood; 
they  shall  be  entitled  to  two  weeks  vacation  with  pay  annually." 

*  *      «      o      * 

'By  Local  Union  134,  Montreal,  Que.,  Canada. 

Proposes  that  Section  18,  Paragraph  N  of  the  General  Constitution  become  Paragraph 
0,  tlien  Paragraph  N  to  read  as  follows: 

"All  General  Officers  and  Organizers  be  pensioned  at  the  age  of  Sixty-five." 
'  "Suidh  pension  shall  be  granted  in  proportion  with  their  services  rendered  to  the  Organi- 
[  [matron— subject  to  referenduitt." 


22  THE    CARPENTER 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  2568,  Edmonton,  Alta.,  Canada. 

By  adding  to  Section  27  under  the  caption  of  Jurisdiction  of  State  and  Provincial  Coun- 
cils a  new  Paragraph  known  as  Paragraph  D  which  would  read  as  follows: 

"Where  a  Carpenters  Council  already  exists,  and  where  two  or  more  woodworkers' 
locals  deem  it  beneficial  for  them  to  have  their  own  state  or  provincial  council,  it  shall 
be  granted  under  the  terms  mentioned  in  A  and  B." 

#  #     »     *     # 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  236,  Clarksburg,  West  Virginia. 

Section  31,  Paragraph  A  be  amended  by  prefixing  the  word  "Business  Agent"  before 
the  word  "President."   Amended  Section  to  read  as  follows: 

"The   officers   of  a  Local  Union  shall  be   Business   Agent,   President,   Vice-President,  j 
Recording   Secretary,   Financial   Secretary,    Treasurer,    Conductor,    Warden   and   three   (3) 
Trustees.    Seven  (7)  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum." 

#  #     »     «     # 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  236,  Clarksburg,  West  Virginia. 

Section  31  be  amended  by  deleting  Paragraph  C  in  its  entirety  and  substituting  the 
following: 

"Local  Unions  of  one  hundred  (100)  or  more  members  shall  elect  their  officers  by  the 
Australian  Ballot,  The  nomination  of  Officers  shall  be  the  first  night  in  June,  and  the 
election  thereof  on  the  second  meeting  night.  Locals  of  less  than  one  hundred  (100)  mem- 
bers shall  nominate  the  first  night  in  June,  but  may  be  re-opened  the  night  of  the  election 
unless  they  use  the  Australian  Ballot." 

o         *         *         «         « 

By  Local  Union  385,  New  York,  New  York. 

Amend  Section  31,  Paragraph  D  after  the  words  on  official  business  add  "OR  PRE- 
VENTED BY  ACCIDENT  OR  SICKNESS." 

The  amended  Section  would  read  as  follows: 

"A  member  cannot  be  nominated  for  office,  delegate  or  committee  unless  he  is  present 
on  the  night  of  nomination,  except  he  is  in  the  ante-room  on  business  authorized  by  the 
Local  Union,  or  out  on  official  business  OR  PREVENTED  BY  ACCIDENT  OR  SICK- 
NESS; nor  shall  he  be  eligible  unless  he  is  a  journeyman  carpenter  working  at  the  trade  or 
employed  by  the  organization,  and  has  been  twelve  consecutive  months  a  member  in  good 
standing  of  the  Local  Union  and  a  member  of  the  U.  B.  of  C.  and  J.  of  A.  for  three  years 
immediately  prior  to  nomination,  unless  the  Local  Union  has  not  been  in  existence  the 
time  herein  required.    Honorary  members  are  not  eligible  to  hold  office." 

#  #      #      #      # 

^  > 

By  Local  Union  236,  Clarksburg,  West  Virginia.  * 

Proposing  our  Laws  be  advanced  one  number  numerically  i.e.,  the  present  33  becoming 
34,  etc.,  and  Section  33  of  our  General  Constitution  be  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

DUTIES  OF  BUSINESS  AGENT 

A.  The  Business  Agent  shall  police  all  work  in  his  jurisdiction  and  endeavor  to  have  al 
work  performed  by  members  of  the  United  Brotherhood  and  to  see  that  all  Trade  Rules  arcjj 
enforced  and  that  all  members  are  receiving  full  wages  as  established  by  the  Local  Union.  | 

B.  Where  no  District  Council  exists  he  shall  issue  all  working  permits,  write  up  all 
applications  for  new  members  and  collect  the  fee  therefor.  He  shall  turn  over  to  thej 
Financial  Secretary  each  meeting  night  all  money  collected  by  him,  giving  the  name  from! 
whom  collected  and  for  what  purpose  collected.  He  shall  take  a  receipt  from  the  Financial 
Secretary  for  same. 

C.  He  shall  have  the  sole  authority  to  place  key  men  on  jobs  where  called  for  and  shall 
be  the  judge  as  to  the  ability  of  the  men  so  placed.  He  shall  endeavor  to  settle  all  disputes 
that  may  arise  on  any  job  and  shall  have  fvdl  authority  to  transact  business  for  the  local 
between  meetings. 

D.  To  be  eligible  for  the  office  of  Business  Agent  he  must  have  been  a  full  joumeymar 
for  at  least  five  (5)  years  prior  to  his  election  and  a  member  of  the  Local  three  (3)  years 
He  must  have  a  full  knowledge  of  our  Constitution  and  Laws,  including  our  full  trade 
autonomy  and  all  decisions  pertaining  thereto. 


THE    CARPENTER  23 

E.  The  compensation  for  the  Business  Agent  shall  be  that  which  is  agreed  upon  between 
dim  and  the  Local  Union  or  District  Council.  Said  compensation  shall  be  paid  by  the 
Local  or  District  Council  without  vote  on  same.  The  Business  Agent  shall  be  bonded 
[jy  the  General  Office,  the  cost  of  said  bond  to  be  paid  by  the  Local  Union  or  District 

Council. 

#  #     #      #      « 

submitted  by  Local  Union  1049,  Poplar  Bluff,  Missouri. 

Amend  Section  42,  Paragraph  W  to  read  as  follows: 

"No  member  can  hold  ofRce  or  vote  on  any  subject  unless  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Local  at  least  twelve  months." 

#  #     #     #     # 

3y  Local  Union  241,  Molina,  Illinois. 

Amending  Section  42,  Paragraph  W  to  read  as  follows: 

"No  member  can  hold  ofBce  or  vote  on  any  subject  unless  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
_iOcal  at  least  twelve  months." 

»     #     ft     #     # 

ly  Local  Union  103,  Birmingham,  Alabama. 

Amend  Section  42,  Paragraph  W  to  read  as  follows: 

"No  member  can  hold  office  or  vote  on  any  subject  unless  he  has  been  a  member  of  the 
ijocal  at  least  twelve  months." 

The  proposed  amendment  by  Local  Union  103  has  been  endorsed  by  several  Local  Unions.) 

ft     #     ft     ft     ft 

5y  the  Twin  City  Carpenters  District  Council,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota. 

Amending  Section  43,  Paragraph  Q  to  read  as  follows: 

By  adding  on  the  second  line  after  the  words,  'business  of  contracting'— "if  he  so  notifies 
is  Local  Union  or  District  Council  in  writing,  and  he  shall  employ  at  least  one  (1)  joumey- 
aan  on  his  work." 

It  is  further  proposed  that: 

"This  change  shall  not  apply  to  small  jobbing  or  odd  work  being  done  when  not  other- 
wise employed,  but  shall  apply  strictly  to  competitive  contracting  and  building  for  sale  in 
ompetition  with  other  contractors." 

ft      ft      ft      ft      ft 

!y  Local  Union  2046,  Martinez,  California. 

Amend  Section  44,  Paragraph  A  of  the  General  Laws  by  adding  the  following: 
"Excepting  members  holding  continuous  membership  for  thirty  years." 

ft      ft      ft      ft      ft 

ubmitted  by  Local  Union  1049,  Poplar  Bluff,  Missouri. 

Amend  Section  44,  Paragraph  C  so  that  same  shall  read  as  follows: 
"Each  Beneficial  Local  Union  shall  pay  to  the  General  Secretary  $10.00  on  each  new 
lember  admitted,  excepting  apprentices,  also  One  and  25/100  ($1.25)  dollars  per  month 
Dr  each  member  in  good  standing.  Sixty-five  (65c)  cents  of  which  shall  be  used  as  a  fund 
3r  the  general  management  of  the  United  Brotherhood  and  payment  of  all  death  and 
isability  donations  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  United  Brotherhood, 
)gether  with  all  legal  demands  made  upon  the  United  Brotherhood.    The  balance  of  Sixty 

jiOc)  cents,  together  with  moneys  received  from  new  members  to  be  placed  in  a  special 
ind  for  'Home  and  Pension'  purposes." 

\  ft     ft     ft     ft     ft 

j)ubmitted  by  Local  Union  No.  122,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Amend  Section  44,  Paragraph  C  to  read  as  follows: 
f  "Each  Beneficial  Local  Union  shall  pay  to  the  General  Secretary  $10.00  on  each  new 
jiember  admitted,  excepting  apprentices,  also  One  and  25/100  ($1.25)  Dollars  per  month 
i3r  each  member  in  good  standing.  Sixty-five  (65c)  Cents  of  which  shall  be  used  as  a 
lind  for  the  general  management  of  the  United  Brotherhood  and  payment  of  all  death 
lad.  disability  donations  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  tlie  United  Brother- 
|ood  together  with  all  legal  demands  made  upon  the  United  Brotherhood.    The  balance  of 

(Continued  on  page  28) 

11 


^1 


Editorial 


Here  We  Go  Again 

World  War  III  moved  a  big  step  closer  when  a  well-organized  and  well- 
equipped  communist  army  from  North  Korea  last  month  unleashed  a  blitz 
against  the  independent,  newly-formed  sovereign  state  of  Korea  which  was, 
set  up  with  the  will  of  the  people  and  the  blessings  of  the  United  Nations 
after  the  close  of  World  War  II.  And  all  the  profiteers,  chiselers,  and  price 
gougers  in  this  country  immediately  began  licking  their  chops  and  dreaming 
of  another  big  profit  killing.  Already  prices  have  started  spiraling  upward  as 
the  profiteers  start  using  the  Korean  war  as  an  excuse  for  jacking  up  prices. 
Everything  is  set  just  right.  The  same  old  gang  in  Congress  that  opened  the 
profit  flood  gates  in  1946  by  killing  price  controls  is  still  in  the  saddle.  They 
are  the  boys,  the  Tafts  and  the  Wherrys  and  Cains,  who  told  us  emphatically 
that  removal  of  price  controls  would  result  in  lower  prices  in  a  short  while. 
"Sure,"  they  said,  "prices  might  go  up  for  a  few  weeks,  but  as  soon  as  the 
old  law  of  supply  and  demand  takes  hold  again,  prices  will  tumble  to  all-time 
lows."  They  killed  price  controls,  but  the  law  of  supply  and  demand  seems 
to  have  jumped  the  track  somewhere.  Apparently  it  has  gotten  stuck  some- 
where around  that  corner  where  prosperity  was  hiding  during  Hoover's  era.  j 
Prices  have  never  stopped  climbing.  ij 

Already  Taft  has  committed  himself  on  price  controls  in  the  new  war  crisis.! 
He  is  for  "voluntary"  controls;  that  is,  "let  your  conscience  be  your  guide,'| 
despite  the  fact  the  recent  war  proved  conclusively  that  profiteers  have  noli 
conscience.  Another  war  would  make  the  fabulous  profits  of  the  last  wai 
look  like  peanuts;  particularly  if  the  Tafts  have  their  way  and  succeed  in 
blocking  any  and  all  efforts  to  hold  profits  within  reasonable  margins  through 
something  more  effective  than  voluntarism.  There  is  plenty  of  talk  of  control- 
ling wages;  there  is  even  some  talk  of  controlling  prices;  but  to  date  we  have 
not  heard  a  single  word  about  controlling  profits. 

Labor  holds  no  brief  for  government  controls.  Controls  are  exasperating 
un-American,  and  contrary  to  the  spirit  of  freedom  on  which  this  nation  ha; 
thrived.  Under  controls,  the  working  people  have  always  taken  a  licking  anc: 
will  probably  do  so  in  the  future  whenever  controls  go  into  effect.  All  during 
the  last  war  the  working  people  took  it  on  the  chin.  The  business  interest; 
continually  kept  finding  ways  and  means  of  evading  price  control.  Clothing 
manufacturers  reduced  quality,  food  packers  put  smaller  amounts  of  good; 
in  their  cans,  manufacturers  put  useless  gadgets  on  their  products  to  wir 
price  concessions.  In  a  thousand  different  ways,  manufacturers  and  packer; 
managed  to  increase  their  profits  at  the  expense  of  the  public.  And  to  top  r 
all,  OPA  only  managed  to  serve  as  a  partial  brake  on  profits.  The  longer  tht 
war  went  on  the  more  loopholes  the  smart  boys  developed  for  winning  price 
increases  without  actually  breaking  the  law. 

On  the  other  hand,  labor  controls  were  comparatively  rigid.  During  a  gooc 
deal  of  the  war  millions  upon  millions  of  American  workers  were  frozen  t( 
their  jobs  regardless  of  the  fact  that  in  many  instances  they  could  get  mor( 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

money  by  taking  a  job  in  a  plant  across  the  street.  Millions  more  worked  at 
pitifully  inadequate  wages  throughout  the  major  part  of  the  war  simply  be- 
cause the  wage  freeze  was  close  to  adamantine.  Only  when  sheer  desperation 
drove  men  to  drastic  action  was  the  wage  freeze  breached  here  and  there. 

There  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  profiteers  are  again  licking  their  chops. 
War  or  no  war,  they  are  out  to  gouge  the  public  as  deeply  as  possible.  Coffee 
is  a  case  in  point.  During  the  last  year  coffee  prices  have  more  than  doubled. 
Evidence  uncovered  by  a  Senate  investigating  committee  indicates  that  profi- 
teering is  mostly  responsible.  Certain  money  interests  in  the  United  States, 
working  in  collusion  with  the  coffee  producing  countries,  have  sykrocketed 
prices  through  artificial  rigging.  The  profits  from  price-boosting  activities 
have  not  gone  to  the  coffee  growers.  And  certainly  none  of  them  has  gone 
to  the  workers  on  coffee  plantations  who  remain  as  poorly  paid  and  as  greatly 
exploited  as  they  ever  have  been.  But  the  speculators  at  home  and  in  South 
America  have  reaped  a  golden  harvest  of  profits.  In  peace  or  at  war,  the 
profiteers  are  busy  devising  ways  and  means  of  making  the  general  public 
pay  through  the  nose. 

Controls  are  undesirable.  However,  if  they  become  absolutely  necessary, 
let  them  be  real  controls.  Let  them  be  controls  that  really  control  at  all  ends. 
But  so  long  as  men  like  Taft  and  Wherry  and  Cain  remain  in  Congress,  you 
can  bet  your  bottom  dollar  any  controls  that  do  come  will  be  as  full  of  loop- 
holes for  Big  Business  as  many  of  our  tax  laws  are.  Our  best  bet  is  to  send 
men  like  Taft  back  to  their  home  bailiwicks  in  the  November  election. 


Union  Label  Week — Coming  Up ! 
This  year  Union  Label  Week  was  designated  for  September  2nd  through 
the  9th  by  resolution  unanimously  adopted  by  the  last  conventions  of  both 
the  American  Federation  of  Labor  and  the  Union  Label  Trades  Department. 

The  AFL  resolution  read  in  part,  "In  all  our  promotional  activities  it  is  our 
desire  to  keep  a  constant  reminder  before  members  of  labor  unions,  women's 
auxiliaries,  their  families  and  friends  of  the  necessity  of  giving  preference  to 
Union  Label  goods  and  the  patronage  of  Union  services. 

"We  depend  upon  our  friends  all  during  the  year  to  demand  the  Union 
Labels,  Shop  Cards  and  Union  Buttons  and  we  spearhead  our  campaigns  by 
conducting  a  Union  Label  Week." 

In  every  city  and  community  in  America,  appropriate  ceremonies  should 
be  planned  at  once  to  publicize  Union  Labels,  Shop  Cards  and  Union  Buttons 
and  to  also  promote  the  sale  of  Union-made  goods  and  the  use  of  all  Union 
services.  Union  Label  Week  affords  an  excellent  opportunity  to  build  good 
will  with  all  Americans  and  stimulate  good  relations  with  manufacturers,  un- 
ionized industries,  and  other  "fair"  business  establishments.  In  cooperation  with 
merchants  and  other  firms  we  should  make  this  eight-day  period  the  out- 
standing event  of  the  year. 

This  year  also  marks  the  Centennial  Celebration  of  the  birth  of  Samuel 
Gompers,  the  founder  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor.  It  will  be  fitting 
to  have  joint  exercises  and  other  activities  to  include  both  Union  Label  Week 
and  commemoration  of  Samuel  Gompers  because  he  was  an  ardent  advocate 
of  the  use  of  Union  Labels,  Shop  Cards  and  Union  Buttons. 


26  THE    CARPENTER 

A  Highly  Important  Decision 

Recently  New  York  Supreme  Court  Justice  Ernest  L.  Hammer  handed 
down  a  decision  which  is  of  prime  importance  to  all  organized  labor.  In  clear 
and  imderstandable  language,  the  decision  states  that  unions  have  the  auth- 
ority to  take  disciplinary  action  against  communists  in  their  ranks  if  such 
is  the  will  of  the  majority.  Communism  has  long  plagued  many  unions,  less 
because  of  substantial  Red  membership  and  more  because  of  the  underhanded, 
deceitful,  completely  immoral  methods  communists  employ  to  gain  their  ends. 
Year  in  and  year  out  American  unions  have  fought  a  valiant  fight  against 
Reds  in  their  ranks.  Various  unions  have  used  various  methods  in  an  eflFort 
to  rid  themselves  of  the  disruptive  Red  elements  in  their  midst.  However, 
the  fight  has  always  been  an  uphill  one.  Communists  have  been  quick  to 
resort  to  the  very  "capitalistic"  courts  against  which  they  rant  and  rail  in  the 
normal  course  of  events.  Our  courts,  ever  mindful  of  the  personal  freedoms 
embodied  in  the  constitution,  have  leaned  over  backwards  on  the  matter  of 
minority  rights.  The  benefit  of  the  doubt  has  usually  gone  to  the  weaker 
side,  which  is  well  in  keeping  with  American  tradition. 

However,  the  decision  by  Justice  Hammer  sets  a  new  precedent.  For  the 
first  time  a  court  upholds  the  rights  of  a  labor  union  to  take  disciplinary  action, 
including  expulsion  from  membership,  against  individual  members  on  the  sole 
and  specific  ground  that  they  are  communists.  Heretofore  communists  have 
managed  to  cloud  the  issue  every  time  they  have  faced  disciplinary  union 
action.  Technicalities  and  legal  shenanigans  have  been  their  stock  in  trade. 
Always  they  have  managed  to  hide  behind  the  very  United  States  Constitu- 
tion they  are  trying  to  destroy.  The  question  of  whether  or  not  unions  have 
a  right  to  protect  themselves  against  the  disruptive,  destructive  tactics  of  com- 
munist members  has  never  come  before  the  court  as  a  clear  cut  issue. 

But  Justice  Hammer's  decision  has  changed  all  that.  Without  mincing 
words,  the  New  York  jurist  determines  that  the  Communist  Party  is  not  a 
political  party  in  the  accepted  sense  of  the  word.  He  further  finds  that  union 
members  who  join  the  Communist  Party  do  so  of  their  own  volition  and  that 
when  they  become  party  members  they  become  subject  to  disciplinary  action 
by  the  union  because  they  no  longer  support  "the  society  in  the  attainment 
of  its  proper  purposes.  .  .  ." 

The  case  in  question  arose  in  New  York  where  District  9  of  the  Brother- 
hood of  Painters  was  in  control  of  a  few  communists  for  a  number  of  years 
prior  to  1947.  The  Reds  in  the  union  were  headed  by  Louis  ^^^einstock  who 
was  openly  a  member  of  the  national  board  of  the  Communist  Party  at  the 
time.  In  December,  1949  charges  were  brought  in  the  District  Council  against 
Weinstock  and  two  of  his  henchmen  under  Section  107  of  the  Painters  con- 
stitution which  authorizes  disciplinary  action  against  members  who  promote 
subversive  philosophies.  The  defendants  instituted  action  in  the  New  York 
Supreme  Court  to  have  their  expulsion  declared  illegal.  As  usual,  attorneys 
for  the  expeUed  members  tried  to  wrrap  the  flag  around  their  clients.  The 
attorneys  argued  that  the  expulsions  violated  the  constitutional  rights  of  the 
plaintiffs  to  hold  whatever  political  beliefs  they  choose.  On  the  other  hand, 
attorneys  for  the  union  argued  that  as  a  voluntary  association  the  union  has 
a  right  to  set  up  conditions  under  which  membership  may  be  gained  or  lost. 


THE    CARPENTER  27 

Agreeing  with  the  union's  contentions,  Justice  Hammer  covered  this  point  in 
the  following  manner: 

"Section  107  of  the  Brotherhood  constitution  in  no  way  interferes 
with  the  rights  of  the  plaintiffs  to  hold  or  express  any  views  or  to  be- 
long to  any  organizations  with  which  they  choose  to  affiliate  themselves. 

"Their  own  acts  and  not  those  of  the  union  made  them  members  of 
the  Communist  Party,  an  organization  declared  by  the  union  to  be 
hostile  to  its  fundamental  purposes.  Their  own  acts  of  disloyalty  to 
their  union,  the  defendant,  subjected  each  of  them  to  discipline.  *  *  * 
A  labor  union  has  the  power  to  expel  a  member  for  failure  to  support 
'the  society  in  the  attainment  of  its  proper  purposes.'  *  *  * 

"The  basic  fallacy  in  plaintiffs'  argument  concerning  interference 
with  their  political  beliefs  is  their  assumption  that  as  members  of  the 
Communist  Party  they  have  standing  identical  with  members  of  other 
political  parties.  *  *  *  The  main  object  of  the  Communist  Party 
*  *  *  is  the  overthrow  by  force,  if  required,  of  the  government  of 
the  United  States  and  of  its  Constitution  and  laws  and  the  substitu- 
tion in  place  thereof  of  the  Soviet  Communistic  totalitarian  dictator- 
ship." 

Judge  Hammer's  decision,  although  only  a  single  decision  in  the  high  court 
of  one  state,  sets  an  important  precedent.  If  the  thinking  behind  it  becomes 
general  in  our  other  courts,  the  way  is  open  for  unions  to  rid  themselves  of 
Red  elements  who  do  not  and  never  have  had  any  interest  in  elevating  the 
wages  and  working  conditions  of  working  people  but  rather  only  a  fanatical 
zeal  in  furthering  the  arbitrary  dictatorial  edicts  of  the  Kremlin. 


Machines  Take  Jobs  of  'Men  and  Mules' 
"Men  and  mules"  are  being  chased  out  of  the  cotton  fields  by  machines, 
reports  a  business  writer  who  made  a  survey  of  the  "Cotton  Belt"  from  coast 
to  coast. 

The  machines  are  huge  mechanical  "pickers"  and  "strippers"  which  work 
much  faster  than  human  hands,  and  cut  the  cost  of  producing  cotton  by  as 
much  as  $40  a  bale.  They  are  so  expensive  that  small  farmers  cannot  buy 
them,  but  are  being  used  more  and  more  by  the  big  plantation  owners,  par- 
ticularly "in  the  Mississippi  delta,  the  blacklands  of  Texas,  and  in  California." 

The  business  writer  shows  no  concern  over  the  fate  of  the  "men  and  mules" 
displaced  by  these  machines,  nor  about  the  small  farmers  who  can  neither 
buy  the  machines  nor  compete  with  them. 

Yet  it  seems  "plain  as  the  nose  on  your  face"  that,  though  this  mechaniza- 
tion of  cotton-field  drudgery  could  be  a  blessing  to  mankind,  it  is  creating 
serious  problems  for  the  South  and  the  entire  nation. 


28  THE    CARPENTER 

(Continued   front    page    23) 

Sixty  (60c)  Cents,  together  with  moneys  received  from  new  members  to  be  placed  in  a 
special  fund  for  'Home  and  Pension'  purposes." 

a       o       e       a       « 

By  Local  Union  385,  New  York,  New  York. 

Amend  Section  44,  Paragraph  C  to  read: 

"Each  beneficial  Local  L^nion  shall  pay  to  the  General  Secretar>'  "SIO.OO"  on  each  new 
member  admitted,  excepting  apprentices,  also  "One  Dollar  and  t\vent>--five  cents"  per 
month  for  each  member  in  good  standing.  Sixty-five  (65c)  cents  of  which  shall  be  used  as 
a  fund  for  the  general  management  of  the  United  Brotherhood  and  pajTnent  of  all  death 
and  disability  donations  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  L'nited  Brother- 
hood, together  with  all  legal  demands  made  upon  the  United  Brotherhood.  The  balance  of 
"Sixty  (60c)  cents,"  together  with  moneys  received  from  new  members,  to  be  placed  in  a 
special  fund  for  'Home  and  Pension'  pxirposes." 

#     a     »     *     * 

By  Local  Union  2046,  Martinez,  California. 

Amend  Section  44,  Paragraph  C  by  inserting  the  following: 
"Excepting  members  holding  continuous  membership  for  thirty  years." 


By  Local  Union  103,  Birmingham,  Alabama. 

Amend  Section  44,  Paragraph  C  of  the  General  Laws  so  that  same  shall  read  as  follows: 
"Each  Beneficial  Local  Union  shall  pay  to  the  General  Secretary  SIO.OO  on  each  new 
member  admitted,  excepting  apprentices,  also  One  and  25/100  (SI. 25)  Dollars  per  month 
for  each  member  in  good  standing,  Sixt\'-five  (65c)  Cents  of  which  shall  be  used  as  a 
fund  for  the  general  management  of  the  United  Brotlierhood  and  pa\Tnent  of  all  death 
and  disabiht>'  donations  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  United  Brother- 
hood together  with  all  legal  demands  made  upon  the  United  Brotherhood.  The  balance  of 
SLxty  (60c)  Cents,  together  with  moneys  received  from  new  members  to  be  placed  in  a 
special  fund  for  'Home  and  Pension'  pirrposes." 
(The  proposed  amendment  by  Local  Union  103  has  been  endorsed  by  several  Local  Unions) 


By  Local  Union  141,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

Amending  Section  44,  Paragraph  C  by  inserting  "60c"  instead  of  the  present  "35c"  as 
specified  in  the  said  Section  and  Paragraph  on  Page  38,  Line  4  so  as  to  read: 

"Each  beneficial  Local  Union  shall  pay  to  the  General  Secretary-  "S5.00"  on  each  new 
member  admitted,  excepting  apprentices,  also  "One  Dollar  and  twent>--five  cents"  per 
month  for  each  member  in  good  standing,  Sbdy-five  (65cj  cents  of  which  shall  be  used  as 
a  fund  for  the  general  management  of  the  United  Brotherhood  and  pajinent  of  all  death 
and  disabiht\'  donations  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  L'nited  Brother- 
hood, together  with  all  legal  demands  made  upon  the  United  Brotherhood.  The  balance  of 
"Sixt>"  (60c)  cents,"  togetlier  with  moneys  received  from  new  members,  to  be  placed  in  a 
special  fund  for  'Home  and  Pension'  purposes." 


By  Local  Union  241,  Moline,  Illinois. 

Amending  Section  44,  Paragraph  C  to  read  as  follows: 

"Each  Beneficial  Local  Union  shall  pay  to  the  General  Secretary  SIO.OO  on  each  new 
member  admitted,  excepting  apprentices,  also  One  and  25/100  (SI. 25)  Dollars  per  month 
for  each  member  in  good  standing,  SLxty-five  (65c)  Cents  of  which  shall  be  used  as  a 
fund  for  the  general  management  of  the  United  Brotherhood  and  pa>'ment  of  aU  death 
and  disability  donations  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  United  Brother- 
hood, together  with  all  legal  demands  made  upon  the  United  Brotlierhood.  The  balance  of 
SLxty  (60c)  Cents,  together  vA\h  moneys  received  from  new  members  to  be  placed  in  a 
special  fund  for  'Home  and  Pension'  purposes."  -  '- 


THE    CARPENTER  29 

By  Local  Union  744,  Red  Lodge,  Montana. 

Amend  Section  44,  Paragraph  C  of  the  General  Laws  so  that  same  shall  read  as  follows: 

"Each  beneficial  Local  Union  shall  pay  to  the  General  Secretary  $10.00  on  each  new 
member  admitted,  excepting  apprentices,  also  One  and  25/100  ($1.25)  Dollars  per  month 
for  each  member  in  good  standing.  Sixty-five  (65c)  Cents  of  which  shall  be  used  as  a  fund 
for  the  general  management  of  the  United  Brotherhood  and  payment  of  all  death  and 
disability  donations  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  United  Brotherhood, 
together  with  all  legal  demands  made  upon  the  United  Brotherhood.  The  balance  of  Sixty 
(60c)  Cents  together  with  moneys  received  from  new  members  to  be  placed  in  a  special 
fund  for  'Home  and  Pension'  purposes." 


Submitted  by  Local  Union  1426,  Elyria,  Ohio,  adding  Paragraph  C  to  Section  47  to  read 
as  follows: 

"A  member  of  one  year  or  more  who  because  of  sickness  or  accident  is  unable  to  work, 
may  apply  for  a  sick  leave  card,  providing  he  furnish  a  statement  from  his  doctor  and  his 
application  is  approved  by  the  Local  Executive  Board.  He  may  at  a  futvue  date  be  re- 
instated to  his  former  status.  Dues  of  Honorary  members  during  this  period  to  be  fifty 
cents  per  month  and  of  beneficial  and  semi-beneficial  to  be  one  dollar  per  month.  Sick 
cards  shall  be  furnished  by  the  General  Secretary  on  application  of  the  Local  Union  on 
payment  of  twenty-five  cents  for  each  card." 


Submitted  by  Local  Union  2554,  Lebanon,  Oregon. 

Section  48,  Paragraph  A,  first  and  second  sentences  be  amended  to  read: 

"On  the  death  of  a  member  in  good  standing,  his  or  her  spouse,  or  legal  heirs  as  named 
on  his  application,  shall  be  entitled  to  the  member's  funeral  donation  as  prescribed  in  the 
Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  United  Brotherhood.  A  member  may  change  his  beneficiary 
provided,  the  change  is  made  to  spouse  or  blood  relative." 


Submitted  by  Local  Union  254,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Amending  Section  48,  Paragraphs  A,  B  and  C. 

A.  "On  the  death  of  a  member  in  good  standing,  if  married  and  living  with  his  wife  or 
husband  the  claim  shall  be  paid  to  the  widow  or  widower  otlierwise  the  claim  shall  be  paid 
to  his  or  her  legal,  blood  relative,  his  or  her  estate  or  undertaker,  as  prescribed  in  tlie 
Constitution  and  Laws  of  the  United  Brotherhood.  A  member  may  change  his  or  her  bene- 
ficiary provided  the  change  shall  be  made  to  wife  or  husband  or  blood  relative.  Such 
change  shall  be  made  on  blank  form  to  be  furnished  Local  Unions  by  the  General  Secretary. 
The  member  making  a  change  of  beneficiary  shall  sign  the  form  of  change  in  tlie  presence 
of  President  and  Recording  Secretary  of  his  or  her  Local  Union,  who  shall  sign  as  witnesses; 
provided  however,  if  said  member  is  not  in  the  jurisdiction  of  his  or  her  Local  Union  at 
time  change  is  made,  then  he  or  she  can  have  same  sworn  to  before  a  Notary  Public  or 
any  oflBcer  autliorized  to  administer  oaths. 

B.  If  a  member  in  good  standing  dies  without  leaving  any  legal  heirs,  the  Local  Union 
shall  see  him  or  her  respectably  interred.  The  officers  or  a  committee  of  the  Local  Union 
shall  attend  his  or  her  funeral  and  the  United  Brotherhood  shall  pay  the  funeral  expenses, 
but  in  no  case  shall  these  expenses  exceed  the  full  amount  of  donation  to  which  the  mem- 
ber is  entitled  at  time  of  death,  nor  shall  the  United  Brotherhood  be  held  liable  for  any 
further  donations  in  the  name  of  tlie  deceased. 

C.  In  the  case  of  any  member  whose  disability  or  death  is  caused  by  intemperance  or 
his  or  her  own  improper  conduct,  or  by  any  accident  or  disease  incurred  previous  to  join- 
ing the  United  Brotherhood,  or  by  exposing  himself  or  herself  to  risks  to  which  men  and 
women  in  the  carpentry  industry  are  not  usually  liable,  neither  he  nor  she  nor  any  person 
for  him  or  her  shall  have  any  claim  on  the  funds  of  the  United  Brotherhood." 

No  change  in  Paragraph  D. 


30  THE    CARPENTER 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  254,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Amending  Section  49,  Paragraphs  A,  B  and  D  to  read  as  follows: 

A.  "A  beneficial  member  to  be  entitled  to  donations  must  be  not  less  than  seventeen  and 
not  over  sixty  years  of  age  at  the  time  of  admission  to  membership,  and,  vi^hen  he  or  she 
joined  must  have  been  in  sound  health  and  not  afflicted  with  any  disease  or  subject  to  any 
complaint  likely  to  endanger  his  or  her  health  or  cause  permanent  disability." 

B.  "A  beneficial  member  will  be  entitled  to  the  donations  as  prescribed  in  the  Constitution 
and  Laws  of  the  United  Brotherhood;  provided  he  or  she  is  over  one  year  a  contributing 
or  financial  member  in  good  standing,  and  when  three  months  in  arrears  he  or  she  shall  be 
debarred  from  all  donations  until  three  months  after  alL  arrearages  are  paid  in  full,  includ- 
ing the  current  month." 

D.  "An  apprentice  or  candidate  between  the  ages  of  fifty  and  sixty  years  of  age  when 
admitted  to  membership  shall  be  entitled  to  the  donations  on  condition  that  they  have  been 
a  member  the  required  length  of  time  and  that  they  were  in  good  health  at  time  of  their 
initiation,  and  in  good  standing  at  the  time  of  death,  provided,  however  they  are  over 
two  years  contributing  or  financial  members  in  good  standing,  and  when  owing  a  sum 
equal  to  three  months  dues  they  shall  be  debarred  from  all  donations  until  three  months 
after  all  arrearages  are  paid  in  full,  which  payment  must  include  the  payment  of  dues  for 
the  month  in  which  tlie  payment  is  made.  They  shall  not  be  entitled  to  wife  or  husband 
or  disability  donations  for  apprentices  and  members  admitted  between  the  ages  of  fifty 
and  sixty  years  shall  be  the  same  as  at  present. 

No  change  in  Paragraph  C. 

«      «      «      «      # 

By  Central  Oregon  District  Council,  Bend,  Oregon. 

Proposing  to  amend  Section  49,  Paragraph  C,  which  reads,  "Donations  for  journeymen 
between  the  ages  of  twenty-one  and  fifty  years  shall  be,"  to  read,  "Donations  for  journey- 
men between  the  ages  of  twenty-one  and  sixty  years  shall  be." 

And  further  proposing  to  eliminate  Paragraph  D  entirely. 


Submitted  by  Local  Union  2554,  Lebanon,  Oregon. 

Section  49,  Paragraph  D,  second  sentence  shall  be  amended  to  read: 
"They  shall  not  be  entitled  to  spouse  or  disabiUty  donations." 


Submitted  by  Local  Union  1746,  Portland,  Oregon. 

Proposing  to  amend  Section  50  by  substituting  the  words  "his  (or  her)  spouse"  for  and 
whenever  tlie  words  "his  wife"  now  appears,  substituting  the  word  "spouse"  wherever  the 
word  "wife"  appears. 


I 


By  Local  Union  2812,  Missoula,  Montana. 

Amending  Section  50  which  is  captioned  "Wife  Funeral  Donation"  to  read  "Wife  or 
Husband  Funeral  Donation"  and  that  any  odier  reference  to  a  member's  wife  shall  be 
changed  to  read  "Wife  or  Husband." 


Submitted  by  Local  Union  2554,  Lebanon,  Oregon. 
Section  50  shall  be  amended  by  being  entitled: 
"SPOUSE  FUNERAL  DONATION." 


n 


Submitted  by  Local  Union  2554,  Lebanon,  Oregon. 

Section  50,  Paragraph  A  shall  be  amended  to  read: 

"A  beneficial  member  between  the  ages  of  twenty-one  and  fifty  years  at  the  time  of 
admission  to  membership,  or  a  member  who  has  been  transferred  from  the  classification  of 
apprentice  to  journeyman,  lawfully  married,  shall,  on  the  death  of  his  spouse,  be  entitled  to 
the  spouse  funeral  donation  as  prescribed  in  tlie   Constitution   and   Laws   of   the   United 


THE    CARPENTER  31 

Brotherhood,  on  condition  that  his  spouse  was  sound  in  health  at  the  time  of  his  admission 
to  membership;  provided  however,  when  he  owes  a  sum  equal  to  three  months'  dues,  he 
shall  be  debarred  from  all  donations  until  three  months  after  all  arrearages  are  paid  in 
full,  which  payment  must  include  the  payment  of  dues  for  the  month  in  which  the  pay- 
ment is  made." 

«         o         «t         »         « 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  254,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Amend  Section  50,  Paragraphs  A,  B  and  C  to  read  as  follows: 

A.  "A  beneficial  member,  between  the  ages  of  twenty-one  and  fifty  years  at  time  of 
admission  to  membership,  or  a  member  who  has  been  transferred  from  the  classification 
of  apprentice  to  journeyman  lawfully  married,  shall,  on  the  death  of  his  wife  or  her  husband 
be  entitled  to  the  wife  or  husband  funeral  donation  as  prescribed  in  the  Constitution  and 
Laws  of  the  United  Brotherhood,  on  condition  that  his  wife  or  her  husband  was  sound  in 
health  at  the  time  of  his  or  her  admission  to  membership;  provided  however,  when  he 
or  she  owes  a  sum  equal  to  three  months  dues,  he  or  she  shall  be  debarred  from  all  dona- 
tions until  three  months  after  all  arrearages  are  paid  in  full,  which  payment  must  include 
the  pajonent  of  dues  for  the  month  in  which  the  payment  is  made." 

B.  "An  Applicant  eligible  to  beneficial  membership,  if  married,  whose  wife  or  husband 
is  in  ill  health  may  be  admitted,  but  in  the  event  of  her  or  his  death  he  or  she  shall  not  be 
entitled  to  the  wife  or  husband  funeral  donation.  Should  the  wife  or  husband  be  sick  at 
the  time  her  husband  or  wife  joins  the  Local  Union  then  said  wife  or  husband  shall  after 
she  or  he  becomes  well,  be  examined  by  a  physician,  who  shall  furnish  a  certificate  of 
health  to  the  Local  Union." 

C.  "All  rules  and  provisions  as  to  health  and  conduct  applying  to  claims  for  a  members 
funeral  donation  shall  apply  to  a  claim  for  a  wife  or  husbands  funeral  donation  for  one 
wife  or  husband  only." 

No  change  in  Paragraph  D. 

*      *      *      »      # 

By  Local  Union  1020,  Portland,  Oregon. 

Amend  Section  50,  Paragraphs  A,  B,  C  and  D. 

The  word  "spouse"  be  substituted  wherever  the  word  "wife"  appears. 

«     «     «      #     « 

By  District  Council  of  Portland,  Oregon  and  Vicinity. 
Amend  Section  50,  Paragraphs  A,  B,  C  and  D. 
The  word  "spouse"  be  substituted  wherever  the  word  "wife"  appears. 

«      *      »      »      » 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  2554,  Lebanon,  Oregon. 

Section  50,  Paragraph  B  to  be  amended  to  read: 

"An  applicant  eligible  to  beneficial  membership,  if  married,  whose  spouse  is  in  ill 
health,  may  be  admitted,  but  in  tlie  event  of  spouse's  death  he  shall  not  be  entitled  to  the 
spouse  funeral  donation.  Should  the  spouse  be  sick  at  the  time  his  or  her  wife  or  husband 
joins  the  Local  Union,  then  said  spouse  shall,  after  he  or  she  becomes  well,  be  examined 
by  a  physician,  who  shall  furnish  a  certificate  of  health  to  tlie  Local  Union." 

C  »  «  (S  » 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  2554,  Lebanon,  Oregon. 

Section  50,  Paragraph  C  to  be  amended  as  follows: 

"All  rules  and  provisions  as  to  healdi  and  conduct  applying  to  a  claim  for  a  member's 
funeral  donation  shall  apply  to  a  claim  for  a  spouse's  funeral  donation  for  one  spouse  only," 

«     «     ft     «     « 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  2554,  Lebanon,  Oregon. 

Section  50,  Paragraph  D,  first  sentence  shall  be  amended  to  read: 
"The  spouse  funeral  donation  shall  be." 


32  THECARPEXTER 

HOME  AND  PENSION 

Resolutions  from  Local  Union  106,  Des  Moines,  Iowa  and  Local  L'nion  218,  Boston, 
Massachusetts  were  substantiated  by  a  number  of  Local  L'nions  and  Resolutions  from  Local 
L'nion  132,  Washington,  D.  C.  and  Local  Union  854,  Cinciimati,  Ohio,  proposing  amend- 
ments were  referred  by  the  General  Executive  Board  to  the  Constitution  Committee. 

The  said  Resolutions  and  Amendments  proposed  are  in  reference  to  the  abo\"e  cap- 
tioned. 

s       *       £       «       a 

Submitted  by  the  Pennsylvania  State  Council  of  Carpenters,  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania. 
Section  54,  Paragraph  A,  on  line  1  strike  out  "65"  and  insert  "60"  so  as  to  read: 
"A  member  shall  not  be  less  than  60  years  of  age  to  be  eUgible  to  the  Home  or  Pen- 
sion." 

*       s       *        s        * 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  93,  Ottawa,  Ont.,  Canada  through  the  Ontario  Pro^"incial 
Comicil. 

Section  54,  Page  47,  Line  1,  Paragraph  A. 

On  Line  1  strike  out  "65"  and  insert  "60"  so  as  to  read: 

"A  member  shall  not  be  less  than  60  years  of  age  to  be  ehgible  to  the  Home  or  Pen- 
sion." 


By  Local  Union  103,  Birmingham,  Alabama. 

Amend  Section  54,  Paragraph  D  of  the  General  Laws  so  as  to  make  it  read  as  follows: 
"A  member  not  wishing  to  avail  himself  of  the  pri%"ilege   of  entering  the  Home  may 
apply  for  a  Pension  to  be  not  less  than  Thirty  (830.00)  Dollars  per  month,  payable  quar- 
terly." 
(The  proposed  amendment  by  Local  Union  103  has  been  endorsed  by  several  Local  L'nions.) 

c  a  5  S  i 

Local  L'nion  87,  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  proposes  to  to  amend  Section  54,  Paragraph  D  by 
inserting  that  the 
"quarterly  pensions  shall  be  the  sum  of  S90.00." 


By  Local  Union  385,  Xew  York,  Xew  York. 

Amend  Section  54,  Paragraph  D  by  inserting  "S30.00"  per  month  instead  of  the  "815.00" 
per  month. 

Balance  of  Paragraph  to  remain  the  same. 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  122,  Philadelphia,  Permsylvania. 

Amend  Section  54,  Paragraph  D  of  our  General  Laws  to  read  as  follows: 
"A  member  not  wishing  to  avail  himself  of  the  privilege   of  entering  the  Home  may 
apply  for  a  Pension  to  be  not  less  than  Thirty  (S30.00)  Dollars  per  month,  payable  quar- 
terly." 

«  *  «  «  3 

By  Local  Union  141,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

Proposing  to  amend  Section  54,  Paragraph  D  by  deleting  present  "S15.00"  per  month 
and  inserting  "825.00"  per  month. 

a       «        *        a        s 

By  Local  L'nion  241,  MoHne,  Illinois. 

Amending  Section  54,  Paragraph  D  to  read  as  follows: 

"A  member  not  %\"ishing  to  avail  himself  of  the  privilege  of  entering  the  Home  may 
apply  for  a  Pension  to  be  not  less  than  Thirt>-  (.830. 00)  Dollars  per  month,  payable  quar- 
terly." 


THE    CARPENTER  33 

By  Local  Union  742,  Decatur,  Illinois. 

Amend  Section  54,  Paragraph  D  of  the  General  Laws  so  as  to  make  it  read  as  follows: 
"A  member  not  wishing  to  avail  himself  of  the  privilege  of  entering  the   Home  may 
apply  for  a  Pension  to  be  not  less  than  Thirty  ($30.00)  Dollars  per  month,  payable  quar- 
terly." 

By  Local  Union  744,  Red  Lodge,  Montana. 

Amend  Section  54,  Paragraph  D  so  as  to  read  as  follows: 

"A  member  not  wishing  to  avail  himself  of  the  privilege  of  entering  the  Home  may 
apply  for  a  Pension  to  be  not  less  than  Thirty  ($30.00)  Dollars  per  month,  payable 
quarterly." 

#  Or  »  #  * 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  1049,  Poplar  Bluff,  Missouri. 

Amend  Section  54,  Paragraph  D  to  read  as  follows: 

"A  member  not  wishing  to  avail  himself  of  the  privilege  of  entering  the  Home  may 
apply  for  a  Pension  to  be  not  less  than  Thirty  ($30.00)  Dollars  per  month,  payable  quar- 
terly." 

#     #     »     #     » 

Local  Union  951,  Brainerd,  Minnesota. 

Amend  Section  54,  Paragraph  H,  Page  48: 

"A  Beneficial  or  Semi-Beneficial  member  who  qualifies  under  Paragraph  A  of  this  Sec- 
tion may  apply,  through  his  Local,  for  a  Paid-Up  Life  Membership  thereby  relieving  him 
from  paying  further  dues  and  the  Local  Union  from  paying  per  capita  tax  to  the  United 

Brotherhood." 

«      «      #      *      * 

By  Local  Union  2046,  Martinez,  California. 

Amend  Section  54,  Paragraph  H  of  our  General  Laws  to  read  as  follows: 
"A  member  who  quahfies  under  Paragraph  A  and  B  of  this  Section  shall  receive  a  paid 
up  life  membership  thereby  relieving  him  from  paying  further  dues  and  the  Local  Uruon 
from  paying  per  capita  tax  to  the  United  Brotherhood  on  him.  If  said  member  receives 
State  aid  in  those  States  where  the  amount  of  pension  paid  by  the  Brotherhood  is  deducted 
from  the  State  pension,  he  shall  so  notify  the  Local  Union  thereby  relieving  the  United 
Brotherhood  from  paying  the  pension  as  long  as  this  condition  exists." 

s       »       »       a       * 

Submitted  by  Local  Union  1940,  Kitchener,  Ont.,  Canada. 

Amend  Section  59,  Paragraph  A  after  the  word  "permit"  to  read: 

"At  the  rate  of  not  less  than  $20.00  a  week." 

Then  amended  Section  would  read  as  follows: 

"Strikes  inaugurated  and  conducted  according  to  the  following  rules  may  be  sanctioned 
by  the  General  Executive  Board  and  financial  aid  extended  to  the  extent  that  the  funds  of 
the  United  Brotherhood  will  permit,  at  the  rate  of  not  less  than  $20.00  a  week.  All  trade 
movements  to  be  first  submitted  to  the  General  Secretary." 

«     *     *     #     # 

By  Local  Union  571,  Carnegie,  Pennsylvania. 

Amend  Section  59,  Paragraph  I  to  read  as  follows: 

"The  Schedule  of  Inquiries  must  be  filed  with  the  General  Secretary  for  submission 
to  the  General  Executive  Board  at  least  30  days  prior  to  the  date  the  trade  demand  is  to 
go  into  effect." 

«     *     »     *     * 

By  Local  Union  316,  San  Jose,  California. 

FUNERAL  DONATIONS 

The  amendment  is  as  follows: 

"That  all  our  General  Laws  regarding  Funeral  Donations  be  amended  by  doubling  all 
Funeral  Donations  and  increasing  the  per  capita  tax  fifty  cents  (50c)  per  member  per 
month." 


iirt   znttntfviittn 

Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them.  They  still  live  in   our  memory. 

Not  dead;  just  gone  before;  And  will  forever  more 


K^si  in  Intact 

Tht  Editor  has  been  requested  to  publish   the   names 
of    the    following    Brothers    who    have    passed    avDay. 


Brother   E.   B.    AMMERMAN,    Local   No.    1272,    Seattle,   Wash. 
,  Brother    GEORGE    T.   ANDERSON,   Local   No.    1587,    Hutchinson,    Kans. 
Brother    CLARENCE    BIGGS,    Local    No.    200,    Columbus,    Ohio. 
Brother   ARTHUR  J.   BOUFFARD,   Local  No.   824,   Muskegon,    Mich. 
Brother   KARL   BRIM,    Local    No.    1367,    Chicago,    III. 
Brother    ERNEST    BUIKE,    Local    No.    322,    Niagara    Falls,    N.    Y. 
Brother   BARNEY   CLARK,  Local   No.   81,    Erie,   Pa. 
Brother   EINAR    DAHL,    Local    No.    357,    Islip,    N.    Y. 
Brother   GOTTFRIED   DIETRICHSON,  Local  No.  337,   Detroit,   Mich. 
Brother   JOHN    DURR,    Local    No.    4-88,   New    York,    N.    Y. 
Brother   PETER    EGGERS,    Local    No.    115,    Bridgeport,    Conn. 
Brother   .4LFRED    ENGLUND,   Local   No.   241,    Moline,    III. 
Brother   GEORGE   T.   ENOCH,   Local   No.   665,    Amarillo,    Texas. 
Brother   CHARLES   R.   EVANS,  Local  No.  322,   Niagara  Falls,   N.  Y. 
Brother   ALTERIO    GRANDIOLINI,    Local   No.    261,    Scranton,    Pa. 
Brother    CH.A.S.    H.    HALSTEAD,    Local    .No.    60,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 
Brother   EUGENE    HANSEN,    Local    No.    488,    .New   York,    N.    Y. 
Brother   JAMES    HEI.N,    Local    No,   33,   Boston,    Mass. 
Brother   J.    L.    HIGGINBOTHAM,    Local    No.    627,    Jacksonville,    Fla. 
Brother    GEORGE    JOHNSON,    Local    .No.    488,    New    York,    N.    Y. 
Brother   ANDREW   KALLIO,   Local   No.   488,    New  York,   N.   Y. 
Brother   J.  O.   LAXSON,   Sr.,   Local  No.   109,   Sheffield,   Ala. 
Brother   MEYER   LEPOFSKY,   Local   .No.   488,   New   York,   N.   Y. 
Brother   WILBUR  M.  LUCIA,  Local  No.   281,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
Brother    C.   E.   .MC  VAY,   Local    No.   200,    Columbus,    Ohio. 
Brother    CH.ARLES   H.   MASHON,   Local   No.   33,   Boston,   Mass. 
Brother   LYNN   L.   M.^TTHEWS,   L.   U.   No.   281,   Binghamton,   N.   Y. 
Brother    JOHN   .MORTEN,   L.   U.   No.    1606,   Omaha,   Nebr. 
Brother   HORACE  .M.  NEWBURY,  L.  U.   No.   30,   New   London,    Conn. 
Brother   H.  G.  NOBLES,  L.  U.  No.  144,  Macon,  Ga. 
Brother   JAMES  P.ALMERT,  L.  U.  No.  608,  New  York,   N.   Y. 
Brother    VALENTINE  POIRIER,  L.   U.  No.  33,  Boston,   Mass. 
Brother   JOH.N   H.  POTTS,   L.  U.   No.  29,    Cincinnati,    Ohio 
Brother    LEON  A.  PRICE,  L.  U.  .No.   1449,  Lansing,   .Mich. 
Brother   WILLIAM  J.  ROPER,  L.   U.   No.   33,   Boston,   .Mass. 
Brother    JOHN   A.  SEIG.   L.   U.   No.   1212,    Coffeyville,   Kans. 
Brother   ROBERT  R.  SMALL,  L.  U.  No.  2288,  Los   Angeles,   Calif. 
Brother   PETER  STEEXE,  L.  U.  No.  608,  New  York,  N.   Y. 
Brother    FORDYCE  P.  WHITAKER,   L.   U.   .No.  281,  Binghajnton,   .N.   Y. 
Brother   ROY  A.  \MLLBORN,  L.  U.  No.  1822,  Fort  Worth,  Texas 
Brother   W.   C.   WO.N.N,  L.   U.  No.   1822,  Fort  Worth,   Texas 


THE  LOCKER 

By  JOHN   HART,   Local   Union   366,   New   York,   N.   Y. 

The  postal  information  given  here  is  necessarily  brief.  More  detailed  information  will, 
of  covirse,  be  gladly  furnished  by  your  post  office.  Postal  laws  and  regulations  are  very 
interesting.  Consider  tliis  one:  "For  sanitary  reasons  postal  clerks  shall  hand  stamps  to 
purchaser  so  that  the  gummed  side  does  not  contact  the  underside  of  the  window."  You 
will  admit  it  was  a  very  good  law.    Too  bad  we  have  no  room  to  acquaint  you  with  a  few 


Jas.   B.    Gordon    173 

115    So.    Fifth    Ave. 

Midtown    8,    Calif. 

SPECIAL  DELIVERY 

VIA  Am  MAIL 

Local   Union   4450 

2217-26th   St. 

Sheffield    16, 

Minnesota 

Attention: 

J.  A.  Harris,  B.  A. 

ADDRESS— This  is  the  way  the  Post  Office  Department  would  like  to  see  an  envelope 
addressed.  Return  address  compactly  written  in  upper  left  corner  and  nowhere  else.  Mr. 
or  Miss  not  necessary,  but  Mrs.  or  other  titles  can  be  used.  When  sent  special  delivery 
write  these  words  in  Capitals.  On  all  air  mail  not  sent  in  regular  air  mail  envelopes  write 
VIA  AIR  MAIL.  Address  should  be  the  indented  or  oblique  form  as  shown.  A  separate 
line  for  name,  street,  city  and  state.  Postal  zone  number  is  a  must  requirement  in  large 
cities.  This  oblique  style  is  readily  distinguished,  and  if  a  pen  is  used,  it  might  as  well  be 
written  this  way.  When  t>^ewriter  is  used,  the  block  form,  as  shown  in  the  return  address, 
is  more  easily  written,  and  this  style  is  generally  adopted.  P.  O.  reads  an  address  from 
the  bottom  up,  state,  city,  etc.  If  the  state  is  misread  the  letter  is  started  oflE  wrong.  Spell 
the  state  name  in  full  if  the  abbreviation  might  be  mistaken  for  another.  Miss.,  Mass.  and 
Minn,  could  very  well  be  wrongly  read  when  written  in  script.  The  dash  after  2217  is  to 
separate  distinctly  the  house  number  from  the  street  number.  Instructions,  Please  Forward 
or  Attention:  are  written  in  lower  left  corner.  The  lower  right  quarter  is  reserved  for  the 
address  only.  That  173  in  the  retinrn  address  could  be  the  sender's  L.P.  mmiber.  Your 
Financial  Secretary  would  like  that. 

INCORRECT  ADDRESS— A  letter  returned  because  of  wrong  address  cannot  be  re- 
mailed  as  is,  after  correction.  A  new  envelope  must  be  used.  But  mail  which  has  been 
sent  back  for  better  direction  or  lack  of  postage  may  be  remailed  in  the  same  envelope 
after  correction.  Letters  opened  in  error  should  be  so  marked,  initialed  by  the  opener, 
resealed  and  put  back  in  the  mail.  Undelivered  first  class  mail  with  no  return  address  goes 
to  the  Dead  Letter  office  where  it  is  opened  to  ascertain  the  sender's  address.  The  charge 
for  returning  such  mail  is  5  cents  and  you  pay  in  cash.    So  don't  omit  the  return  address. 

STAMPS— When  one  stamp  overlaps  another  the  under  one  does  not  count.  A  cancella- 
tion mark  may  be  hidden.  The  stamps  of  postals  or  stamped  envelopes  cannot  be  cut  out 
and  used  for  postage.  Air  mail  stamps  must  be  used  only  on  matter  sent  air  mail.  Which 
means  they  can  be  used  for  special  delivery  or  registered  mail  charges  on  air  mail  letters. 
Spoiled  or  misprinted  postals  or  stamped  envelopes  may  be  redeemed  for  three-quarters 
their  value,  paid  in  stamps  etc.  No  cash.  If  printed,  the  redeemer  must  declare  he  was 
the  original  purchaser  and  authorized  to  dispose  of  them.  The  P.  O.  issues  no  receipts  for 
stamps  bought,  but  if  the  buyer  has  a  prepared  bill  ready,  it  will  be  stamped  as  paid.  For 
efficiency  use  stamps  of  the  highest  denomination.  When  several  stamps  are  used  where 
one  might  do,  they  take  longer  to  cancel,  to  count  and  cost  more  to  make.  Never  use 
mutilated  stamps.    The  P.  O.  is  fussy  about  that. 

POSTAL  CARDS— The  stamped  card  sold  by  the  P.  O.  is  a  postal  card.  An  unstamped 
card  is  a  post  card.  Both  are  considered  first  class  mail.  If  you  wish,  one-third  of  the  left 
address  side  of  a  postal  may  be  used  for  correspondence.    Contrary  to  some  beliefs,  it  is 


36  THE    CARPENTER 

quite  lawful  to  notify  by  postal  card  of  any  coming  arrears  or  accounts  due.  However, 
it  is  unlawful  to  solicit  by  this  metliod  overdue  accounts  etc.  This  is  considered  to  be  dun- 
ning, and  dunning  or  the  use  of  defamaton,'  remarks  on  postals  or  post  cards  is  forbidden. 
Reply  postals  are  two  stamped  cards  folded  togetlier.  One  may  be  detached  by  the 
addressee  and  used  to  reply.  Reply  cards  might  be  sometimes  used  when  requesting  in- 
formation. 

AIR  MAIL— Ordinary  stamps  may  be  used  for  air  mail.  The  fee  is  6  cents  per  ounce  for 
delivery  in  U.  S.  territors'.  Same  fee  is  good  for  Canada.  Anj^thing  mailable  may  be  sent 
air  mail  except  articles  liable  to  damage  by  freezing.  Postals  or  post  cards  require  only  4 
cents  postage.  All  air  mail  should  be  so  marked  conspicuously  for  quick  identification, 
except  when  air  mail  envelopes  are  used.  The  P.  O.  sells  air  letter  sheets  for  10  cents  each 
which  are  delivered  anj^where  in  the  world.  One  side  is  blank  for  correspondence.  The 
other  side  is  prestamped  and  marked  with  air  mail  identification.  After  the  letter  is  written 
it  is  folded  into  the  form  of  an  envelope  and  sealed.  No  enclosiures  are  permitted.  If 
anything  is  inserted  it  goes  as  ordinary  mail.  This  cheap  air  mail  service  is  unknown  to 
many  who  could  appreciably  use  it. 

REGISTERED  MAIL— This  is  a  certain  way  to  assure  yourself  of  the  delivery  of  im- 
portant mail.  Minimimi  charge  is  25  cents  plus  the  regular  postage.  To  make  sure  it  has 
been  received  a  reply  receipt  is  bought  for  an  additional  5  cents.  This  is  signed  by  the 
person  who  receives  the  letter,  and  the  P.  O.  returns  it  to  the  sender.  R.  M.  may  of  course 
be  sent  air  mail  and  special  delivery. 

SPECIAL  DELIVERY— Any  domestic  mail  may  be  sent  S.  D.  The  minimum  fee  is  15 
cents  plus  tlie  regular  postage.  Ordinary  stamps  may  be  used.  Mark  all  such  mail 
SPECIAL  DELIVERY.  This  mail  is  delivered  on  Saturdays,  Sundays  and  all  holidays,  and 
in  large  cities  between  7  a.m.  and  11  p.m.  For  fast  ser\dce  use  special  delivery  on  air 
mail.    This  is  a  P.  O.  recommendation. 

POSTAL  NOTES— This  cheap  and  eflScient  method  of  paying  bills  by  mail  is  not  too 
well  known.  Postal  notes  are  issued  in  any  amount  up  to  $10.00  for  a  set  fee  of  8  cents 
each.  If  more  than  $10.00  is  required  enough  notes  may  be  bought  to  make  up  the 
amount.  UnHke  money  orders,  no  application  has  to  be  made  out.  They  are  filled  in  by 
the  purchaser,  and  a  receipt  coupon  is  attached  which  may  be  removed  and  kept  for 
reference.  Postal  notes  should  be  cashed  within  two  months.  If  not,  a  duplicate  must  be 
applied  for.  After  one  year  they  are  uncashable.  A  $10.00  P.  N.  costs  8  cents.  A  P.  M.  O. 
would  cost  15  cents. 

POSTAL  SAVINGS— Any  person  over  10  years  may  open  an  account.  Joint  accounts 
or  organization  accounts  are  not  accepted.  If  your  local  P.  O.  has  no  savings  department 
you  may  use  the  facilities  of  a  nearby  one  by  mail.  The  interest  has  always  been  2  per 
cent  since  the  system  started.  Deposits  from  one  dollar  up  are  taken,  but  no  fractions  of  a 
dollar*  No  bank  book  is  involved.  Certificates  to  the  value  of  deposit  are  issued.  When 
withdrawal  is  required,  certificates  to  tlie  amount  of  sum  needed  are  signed  and  presented 
at  the  P.  O.  where  account  is  kept.  Limit  of  deposits  is  $2500.00.  Only  one  account  for 
each  person  is  allowed.  A  married  person's  account  is  free  from  interference  from  husband 
or  wife.    Total  Postal  Savings  deposits:  About  3%  billions. 

RECALL  OF  MALL- After  mail  has  been  dropped  in  mail  box,  it  may  be  recalled  by 
making  application  at  the  local  P.  O.,  and  presenting  a  duplicate  envelope  for  identifica- 
tion. If  letter  has  already  been  dispatched,  it  may  be  recalled  by  telegram  sent  by  the 
P.  O.  if  tlie  recaller  pays  tlie  cost.  No  mail  can  be  recalled  by  telephone.  The  addressee 
is  never  notified  by  the  P.  O.  of  such  recall. 

CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS— You  may  notify  yoiu:  P.  O.  on  card  suppHed  for  that  purpose 
of  your  new  address.  They  will  forward  your  mail  for  a  period  of  two  years  afterwards. 
The  occupant  of  yoxir  old  address  should  not  be  depended  upon  to  do  this.  If  the  Post 
Office  is  willing,  let  them  do  it. 


$2.00  worth  of  postal  supplies 

1- 

-book  of  12  3-cent 

stamps 

.37 

3- 

-special   delivery 

stamps 

.45 

1- 

-book  of  24  1-cent 

stamps 

.25 

5- 

-reply  postals 

.10 

6- 

-3  cent  stamped  envelopes 

(small) 

.21 

10- 

-postals 

.10 

6- 

-3  cent  stamped  envelopes 

(large) 

.22 



5- 

-air  mail  stamps 

.30 

Total 

$2.00 

CorrospondoncQ 


This  Journal  is  Not  Responsible  for  Views  Expressed  by  Correspondents. 

50  FOR  620 

Among  the  local  unions  which  achieved  their  golden  anniversaries  this  year  is  Local  No. 
620  of  Vineland,  N.  J.,  often  mentioned  as  the  most  beautiful  city  in  southern  New  Jersey. 
Recently  Local  No.  620  celebrated  its  fiftieth  birthday  with  a  fine  banquet  and  social  eve- 
ning at  Orchard  Road  Hall.  A  fine  attendance  was  on  hand  to  make  the  event  a  gala 
one.  Wonderful  food— including  specially  baked  ham,  salmon,  salad,  and  plenty  of  home- 
made relishes  and  cakes— made  the  banquet  one  to  be  remembered  for  a  long  time.  At 
the  head  table  sat  all  members  with  thirty  or  more  years  of  membership  to  their  credit 
together  with  the  officers  of  the  union  and  the  invited  guests.  Members  and  their  wives 
and  families  taxed  the  capacity  of  the  hall. 

Gunnar  Racklund,  business  agent,  acted  as  master  of  ceremonies  for  the  evening  and 
turned  in  a  very  creditable  job.  After  all  had  done  their  full  duty  at  the  table,  old-time 
songs  were  sung  and  a  few  brief  but  highly  interesting  talks  were  made.  Following  this, 
the  tables  were  moved  to  the  basement  and  dancing  got  under  way.  Many  a  member 
who  dragged  his  bones  up  and  down  a  scaffold  all  week  kicked  up  his  heels  like  a  young 
colt  to  the  waltz,  polka  and  schottische  tunes.  The  party  did  not  break  up  until  a  very  late 
hour  and  all  who  attended  departed  with  a  feeling  of  well  being  and  pride  in  Local  No. 
620.  The  arrangement  committee— with  a  great  deal  of  help  from  the  Ladies  Auxiliary- 
did  a  fine  job  and  a  sincere  vote  of  appreciation  was  extended  to  both. 

• 

MANCHESTER  LOCAL  HONORS  GRADUATES 

In  the  presence  of  a  large  group  of  union  brothers  and  friends,  sixteen  young  men 
of  Manchester,  N.  H.,  received  their  journeymen  certificates  on  the  night  of  April  25th 
at  the  second  annual  graduation  banquet  sponsored  by  Local  Union  No.  625  and  held  in 
Boucher's  Tea  Room. 

Those  apprentices  receiving  certificates  were:  Maurice  Belcourt,  Henri  J.  Lessard, 
Andre  Gelinas,  Leo  A.  Ladieu,  Albert  H.  Racicot,  Arniand  J.  Dumont,  Alphee  O.  Lavallee, 
Julien  J.  Blais,  Gerard  J.  Morin,  Roland  Marston,  Frank  I.  Ladieu,  Jr.,  Kenneth  Howell, 
Leonard  Loiselle,  Leo  A.  Messier,  John  T.  McCabe,  Roland  G.  St.  Pierre. 

One  of  tlie  apprentices,  Alphee  O. 
Lavallee  received  his  diploma  from  his 
father,  Josaphat  Lavallee,  a  member  of 
the  Carpenters'  Union  and  a  former 
business  agent.  The  Mayor  presented  the 
diploma  to  the  father  who  in  turn  pre- 
sented it  to  his  son.  President  Hopcroft 
remarked  that  he  in  turn  should  present 
a  diploma  later  to  his  son  (Lavallee's 
small  boy.) 

Those  seated  at  the  head  table  com- 
prised the  following:  Rev.  George  R. 
Kilcoyne;  Mayor  Josaphat  T.  Benoit; 
President  Jack  Hopcroft;  Business  Agent 
Louis  Israel  Martel;  Recording  Secretary 
John  Driesse;  W.  G.  Couser,  chief  educa- 
tion and  training  section  at  the  V.  A.;  Clifton  Dustin,  principal  of  N.  H.  Technical  In- 
stitute in  Manchester,  and  Alphonse  Dulac,  member  of  the  Apprentice  Committee  of 
Local  No.  625. 

Short  addresses  by  the  Reverend  Kilcoyne,  Mayor  Benoit  and  several  others  con- 
gratulated tlie  young  graduate  journeymen  on  tlieir  successful  completion  of  apprentice- 
ship. Mayor  Benoit  presented  the  certificates  to  tlie  graduates  and  Jack  Hopcroft,  president 
of  the  union,  acted  as  master  of  ceremonies. 


38 


THE    CARPENTER 


\nSSOURI  STATE  COUNCIL  CELEBRATES  GOMPERS  BIRTHDAY 

In  connection  with  its  Twelfth  Annual  Convention,  the  Missouri  State  Council  of 
Carpenters  gave  a  banquet  in  celebration  of  the  100th  Anniversary  of  the  birthday  of 
Sam  Gompers  in  Kansas  Cit>',  Missouri,  on  May  13th,  1950.  The  affair  was  a  huge  success 
and  was  crowded  to  excess.    A  large  portrait  of  Gompers  adorned  the  platform. 

President  Mack  of  Kansas  Cit>',  Missouri  Carpenters'  District  Council,  was  toastmaster. 
In  a  neat  speech,  he  said:  "This  celebration  is  given  in  recognition  of  the  100th  birthday 
of  Sam  Gompers,  in  his  time  President  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  for  nearly 
half  a  centuj}',  and  as  we  have  an  old  timer  with  us  who  knew  him  well  and  worked  with 
him,  I  leave  it  to  General  Secretary  Emeritus  Frank  Duffy  to  tell  you  the  stor}'." 

Brother  Duffy  said,  in  part:  "At  the  last  Convention  of  the  A.  F.  of  L.,  held  in  St. 
Paul,  Minn.,  in  1949,  it  was  decided  that  the  100th  Anniversary  of  the  birthday  of  Samuel 
Gompers  be  suitably  celebrated  in  1950.    Glad  you  are  doing  your  part. 

"Sam  was  an  old  friend  and  an  old  pal  of  mine.  We  worked  together  in  the  Labor 
Movement.  We  were  oflBcers  in  the  A.  F.  of  L.  for  years.  He  was  President  of  the  A.  F. 
of  L.,  I  was  a  Vice-President.  Since  there  is  only  eleven  years'  difference  in  our  ages,  I 
think  I  should  know  a  lot  about  him. 

"I  Joined  a  Carpenters'  Union  in  Xew  York  Cit>'  sixt\'-one  years  ago.  I  soon  became 
acquainted  with  tlie  leaders,  Pete  McGuire  and  Gabe  Edmonston  of  the  Carpenters.   Sam 


Gompers  of  the  Cigar  Makers,  T.  \'.  Powderley  of  the  Knights  of  Labor  and  many  others. 
So  I  should  know  whereof  I  speak. 

"When  you  speak  of  Pete  McGuire  and  Sam  Gompers,  you  can't  help  talking  about 
the  American  Federation  of  Labor;  its  birth,  gro\^'th,  advancement  and  progress.  That  is 
ancient  history  but  \ery  interesting  to  all. 

"It  was  first  known  as  The  Federation  of  the  Organized  Trades  and  Labor  Unions  of 
the  United  States  and  Canada  but  it  did  not  grow  and  de\"elop  as  it  was  expected.  Pete 
McGuire  reorganized  it  in  1886  at  Columbus,  Ohio,  and  its  name  was  there  and  then 
changed  to  the  American  Federation  of  Labor.  Sam  Gompers  was  elected  President,  Pete 
McGuire,  Secretarj^,  and  Gabe  Edmonston,  Treasutrer. 

"With  the  exception  of  one  year  in  its  early  days,  Gompers  was  elected  President  imtil 
his  death  in  1924." 

Duffy  wound  up  his  splendid  address  by  sajdng:  "Gompers  was  a  great  man,  a  wonder- 
ful fellow,  a  great  organizer,  a  great  orator  and  an  able  WTiter.  He  was  Labor's  spokesman, 
Labor's  statesman.  Pohtical  office  did  not  appeal  to  him,  either  elective  or  appointive. 
He  would  not  leave  the  Labor  movement  under  any  consideration.' 

In  concluding  the  ceremonies.  President  Mack  said:  "Brother  Duff>"  told  us  more  about 
the  Labor  movement  than  we  ever  knew.  It  was  a  source  of  pleasure  and  education  to  us 
and  we  are  deeply  grateful  to  him  for  the  magnificent  address  he  gave  us." 


THE    CARPENTER 


39 


RICHMOND  HONORS  GRADUATING  APPRENTICES 

To  pay  tribute  to  a  large  graduating  class  of  apprentices,  the  Richmond,  Virginia  Area, 
Carpenters  Joint  Apprenticeship  Committee  recently  staged  a  fine  graduation  dinner  at 
the  William  Byrd  Hotel.  A  fine  attendance  was  on  hand  to  watch  the  keen  group  of  young 
men  reap  the  fruits  of  their  years'  effort.  Certificates  of  completion  were  awarded  to  the 
apprenticeship  graduates  by  Mr.  L.  Gordon  Sheain,  State  Apprenticeship  Council.  R.  H. 
Wilson  acted  as  master  of  ceremonies.  W.  H.  Deirhoi,  Assistant  superintendent  of  Rich- 
mond schools  spoke  on  "A  Craftsman's  Place  In  Our  Society." 

The  Joint  Apprenticeship  committee  was  inaugurated  in  Richmond  some  five  years 
ago.  Consisting  of  three  members  from  the  employers  and  an  equal  number  from  the 
union,  the  committee  has  done  a  good  job.  Representing  employers  on  the  committee  are 
James  A.  Moncure,  H.  E.  Boyle  and  L.  A,  Blackburn.    Union  representatives  are  L.  L. 


Reading  from  left  at  top— for  each  row;  John  E.  Catlett,  Robert  A.  Eades,  Elwin  A. 
Moore,  Arthur  F.  Griggs,  James  G.  Sharp,  Jr.,  Willie  R.  Byrd,  J.  E.  Bartleson,  R.  C.  Miller, 
Bureau  of  Apprentice  Tmg.,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Labor,  Mr.  Keeling  H.  Sisson,  Richmond  Public 
Schools,  L.  L.  Rustad,  Chairman  of  Apprentice  Committee,  Carmen  R.  Carlson,  Norman  R. 
Stuart,  John  A.  Layne,  Hutchie  Hudson,  Wilford  K,  Edmonds,  Eugene  Ray  Harris,  John 
E.  Belcher,  Leslie  W.  Tate,  Bro.  Milton  Shufelt,  Teacher,  Linwood  N.  Epperson,  Eugene 
H.  Roberts,  WiUiam  J.  Wilkins,  Charles  E.  Maden,  Gerald  G.  McCleary,  Ryland  N.  Pavy 
and  Wesley  Higgins,  teacher, 

Rustad,  Chairman,  G.  L.  Turner,  and  W.  B.  Holloway.    With  the  exception  of  Mr.  Black- 
burn who  succeeded  Mr.  A.  J.  Sayville,  deceased,  the  committee  has  remained  unchanged 

'  since  its  inception.  Classes  are  held  twice  weekly  and  promotions  are  made  yearly  after 
due  examination  of  candidates  by  the  committee.  Brothers  Wesley  Higgins  and  Milton 
Shurfelt  have  performed  yoeman  service  as  teachers.  A  good  deal  of  credit  is  also  due 
Brother  L.  L.  Rustad,  Committee  chairman,  who  has  done  a  splendid  job  in  unsnarling 

!  red  tape  under  G.  I.  applications. 

Everyone  enjoyed  the  graduation  party  immensely  and  all  extended  the  hand  of  fellow- 

.  ship  to  a  fine  bunch  of  well-qualified  new  journeymen. 

VANCOUVER,  B,  C,  LOCAL  CELEBRATES  60th  BIRTHDAY 

Back  in  the  year  1890  when  Vancouver,  B.  C,  saloons  were  selling  beer  at  five  cents 

a  schooner  and  pretzels,  hot  dogs  and  pickles  were  free;  when  you  could  "dress  to  the  hilt" 

with  the  best  suit  in  town  for  fifteen  dollars   and   a  pair  of   shoes  thrown  in  free,   car- 

I II  penters'  wages  were  something  like  twenty-four  cents   an  hour.    It  was   around  June   1st 

i;  of  that  year  that  a  small  group  of  Vancouver  carpenters  gathered  together  in  old  Sullivan 


40  THE    CARPENTER 

Hall  to  withdraw  from  the  Old  Country  Amalgamated  Society  of  Carpenters  to  cast  their 
lot  with  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America. 

Ever  since,  Local  Union  No.  452  has  been  carrjang  on  a  never-ending  struggle  to 
bring  security  and  prosperity  to  the  carpenters  of  the  British  Columbia  metropolis. 

Echoes  of  those  "good  old  days"  rang  out  in  the  Commodore  banquet  room  on  the 
night  of  June  2nd  when  the  same  luiion,  now  a  "diamond"  old-timer  with  membership  in 
the  3000  bracket,  celebrated  its  sixtieth  birthday— in  the  same  hall  many  of  the  present 
members  helped  to  build  as  a  100  per  cent  union  carpenters'  job. 

Now  Local  452,  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America,  the  union 
has  grown  into  the  largest  carpenter's  local  in  Canada. 

The  banquet  honored  27  members  for  long  and  faithful  sen-'ice,  members  who  have 
helped  build  the  union  and  the  city  of  \^ancouver.  Their  combined  membership  with  the 
local  totals  928  years  and  the  honor  of  official  25-year  membership  buttons  is  theirs. 

Bringing  greetings  from  the  international  office  in  Indianapolis,  second  general  vice- 
president  John  R.  Stevenson  told  how  the  Brotherhood  has  growTi  from  the  first  convention 
in  1881  in  Chicago  to  the  present  membership  of  750,000—31.000  in  Canada— with  cash 
assets  exceeding  512,000,000. 

But  behind  the  scenes  of  last  night's  celebration,  when  young  tradesman  mingled  with 
"oldsters,"  lies  the  story  of  one  of  Vancouver's  oldest  trade  unions. 

Carefully  kept  in  the  smart,  modem  office  of  the  union  in  the  new  Labor  Temple  on 
Broadway,  the  original  minute  book  records  the  struggle  of  the  infant  union  in  the  early 
days  of  \'ancouver. 

Faded  handwoiting  tells  of  the  first  election  of  officers,  the  fight  against  the  10-hour 
day,  against  non-union  workers,  plans  for  official  recognition  of  Labor  Day  in  September. 

Though  none  of  the  original  members  is  hving,  pioneers  could  read  between  the 
lines,  remember  the  days  when  laborer's  wages  were  18  cents  an  hour. 

Minutes  set  out  early  struggles  for  the  closed  shop,  as  written  Dec.  29,  1890:  "Non- 
union man  will  be  allowed  to  work  one  day  on  the  job.  If  he  promises  to  join  the  union 
and  posts  SI  as  a  bond  of  good  faith  he  will  be  allowed  to  continue  work— if  not,  all 
union  men  on  the  job  are  to  at  once  qmt." 

Old  timers  honored  at  the  celebration  were: 

H.  Curdiffe,  F.  Chaisson,  E.  Carlyle,  J.  W.  Dicldeson,  J.  Forsyth,  A.  Fletcher,  W. 
Forrest,  F.  Gathercole,  G.  H.  Geary,  J.  C.  Graham,  R.  W.  Hatley,  W.  Harvey,  W.  KeUaway, 
Geo.  McCelland,  J.  McGlashan,  M.  McKenzie,  R.  Murray,  F.  G.  MiUin,  F.  Piatt,  W. 
Page,  A.  Powers,  J.  Stevenson,  J.  G.  Smith,  J.  Spouler,  R.  J.  Thompson,  J.  Wilson,  and 
C.  H.  Wilcox. 

The  wonderful  success  of  the  affair  was  due  to  the  good  work  of  the  Banquet  Com- 
mittee, headed  by  President  S.  Garrett  and  composed  of  the  following  Brothers:  J.  G. 
Smith,  R.  E.  Guthrie,  J.  Stevenson,  H.  P.  Hamilton,  R.  Dodson,  P.  DepHssey,  Wm. 
Broatch,  R.  J.  Thompson,  A.  Zimmer,  E.  Bott,  and  A.  Caravan. 


HUTCHINSON  PAYS   TRIBUTE   TO   GRADUATING  APPRENTICES 

On  the  evening  of  March  16,  1950,  the  joint  Apprenticeship  Committee  of  Hutchinson, 
Kansas,  held  a  dinner  honoring  the  first  ten  Apprentices  to  complete  their  four  years  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Committee. 

The  Apprentices  from  left,  to  right,  back 
row,  are:  Ben  ^^'hitmore;  Harold  VanRiper; 
Robert  Buck;  Phillip  Fairbanks;  Ray  Hutch- 
inson. Front  Row:  Harold  Van  Dyke;  Rex 
Hinkle;  Martin  West;  Leo  Lyons;  Chas.  Cook. 

The  Contractor  members  present  were: 
N.  F.  English  and  Lyle  Foy.  Union  Com- 
mitteemen: Chas.  Chalfant,  J.  S.  Bookless, 
W.  E.  Knerr.  Ex-President  Harold  Simpson 
represented  Brother  President  Alfred  Roehr 
who  was  out  of  town  on  account  of  his  father's 
funeral.  John  Tilma  and  Kenneth  Birkhead  were  present  representing  the  Apprentice- 
ship Training  Service,  U.  S.  Department  of  Labor.  Jack  Da\  is  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
and  Kenneth  Lewis,  Secretar>',  Kansas  Division  of  the  Associated  General  Contractors  made 
talks  congratulating  the  Apprentices. 


DES  MOINES  AUXILIARY  MARKS  38th  ANNIVERSARY 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxihary  No.  4  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  wishes  to  greet  all  Sister  Auxiliaries. 

On  March  the  eleventh,  we  celebrated  our  thirty-eighth  anniversary.  We  played  various 
games  after  enjoying  a  delicious  dinner.  Our  tables  were  decorated  with  blue  and 
yellow  candles  and  the  head  table  was  graced  with  a  beautiful  blue  and  yellow  flower 
arrangement. 

Our  five  charter  members  are:  Mrs.  Amy  Miller,  Mrs.  Mina  Singmaster,  Mrs.  Katherine 
Hoover,  Mrs.  Kate  Lane  and  Mrs.  Amanda  Van  Trump. 

Each  year,  we  contribute  to  the  various  charity  organizations. 

We  enjoy  the  Ladies'  page  of  THE  CARPENTER,  and  would  enjoy  hearing  from 
other  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally,  Mrs.  Louis  Moll,  Recording  Secretary. 


PORTLAND  AUXILIARY   CELERRATES    SECOND   ANNIVERSARY 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  504  of  Portland,  Oregon,  sends  friendly  greetings  to  Sister 
A.uxiliaries. 

Our  Auxiliary  celebrated  its  second  anniversary  on  April  28th  with  a  good  attendance. 
\Ve  had  a  very  enjoyable  evening  playing  canasta,  pinochle,  bingo  and  five  hundred.  A 
beautiful  birtliday  cake,  as  well  as  other  cakes,  was  served  with  ice  cream  and  coffee. 

A  rummage  sale  and  a  card  party  have  made  us  a  very  successful  year.  Also,  the 
adies  took  charge  of  the  men's  annual  Christmas  party  which  was  much  enjoyed.  Over 
1  thousand  Christmas  stockings  were  distributed  to  the  children. 

We  are  planning  a  card  party  for  June,  another  later  on  and  have  plans  also  for  a 
rummage  sale. 

We  are  hoping  to  increase  our  membership  considerably. 

Fraternally,  Vera   Evans,   Recording   Secretary. 


LAFAYETTE   LADIES   CELERRATE   3rd  RIRTHDAY 

rhe  Editor: 

Greetings  again,  from  Auxiliary  No.  462  of  Lafayette,  Indiana. 

Last  October  29th,  1949,  we  celebrated  our  3rd  Anniversary  with  a  dinner  party 
hubbies  as  guests)  in  the  Sky  Room  at  Purdue  Airport,  West  Lafayette,  Ind. 

We  meet  every  other  Thursday  in  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  for  our  business  meeting,  followed 
)y  refreshments  and  a  social  time.  We  planned  a  yearly  program  last  year  to  create 
nterest  and  eliminate  confusion;  each  member  peeked  at  her  program  and  knew  when 
ind  what,  etc. 

To  supplement  our  finances,  we  have  held  bake  sales  and  auctions.  We  contribute  to 
ill  wortliy  community  causes,  and  are  still  buying  a  birthday  gift  for  each  child  at  the 
2ary  Home.  Our  families  have  gotten  together  at  Christmas  and  other  times  for  picnics 
ind  potlucks. 

Our  membership  is  almost  40;  we  like  to  read  about  oiur  Sister  Auxiliaries  and  are 
certainly  open  for  suggestions  to  boost  our  membership. 

Fraternally,    Mrs.  Kenneth  Leber,  Recording  Secretary. 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 
LESSON   263     " 

Making  Cuts.— There  are  different  kinds 
of  cuts  that  carpenters  often  have  to  make, 
which  are  not  covered  in  ordinary  roof  fram- 
ing, although  most  of  them  are  roof  framing 
cuts.  Any  kind  of  timber  that  joins  a  roof 
must  be  cut  to  fit  the  roof  it  joins,  and  that 
makes  it  necessary  for  the  workman  to  know 
how  to  obtain  the  cut  with  the  steel  square. 
If  he  can't  do  that,  then  he  will  have  to  re- 
sort to  the  cut-and-fit  method  of  making 
such  joints. 


Cuts  for  Dormer  Rafters.— Fig.  1,  to  the 
right,  shows  a  pair  of  rafters  for  a  half  pitch 
roof  in  place,  with  a  dutch  dormer  to  the 
left.  The  problem  here  is  how  to  get  the 
cut  for  the  dormer  rafters  when  they  join 
the  sheeting  of  the  main  roof.  As  shown  on 
the  drawing,  the  dormer  rafters  have  a  30- 


Fig.    2 


degree  slope,  or  pitch,  and  the  main  roof, 
as  already  stated,  is  half  pitch.  There  are 
different  ways  to  get  this  cut,  but  a  simple 
way  is  shown  to  the  upper  left.  Draw  the 
horizontal  line,  A-B.  Then  draw  the  rafter 
timber,  as  shown,  at  a  30-degree  angle.  Now 


apply  the  square  to  the  horizontal  line, 
using  12  and  12.  These  figxnres  are  used 
because  they  will  bring  the  blade  of  the 
square  to  a  half  pitch  slope.  The  cut  for 
the  dormer  rafter  that  will  fit  the  sheeting 
of  the  main  roof,  can  be  made  by  using  12 
on  the  blade  of  the  square,  and  point  X  on 
the  tongue,  the  blade  giving  the  cut.    It  is 


^ 

\ 

/^ 

\     ^\i  p.tck 

,1^ 

^\^^^^^ 

\ 

c-' 

X 

'    ^ 

Fig.   3 

not  necessary  to  draw  the  rafter  timber,  as 
shovm  here.  All  that  is  needed  is  a  Une  to 
the  pitch  of  tlie  dormer  roof,  as  shown  in  a 
little  larger  scale  in  Fig.  2.  To  make  this 
diagram,  draw  the  horizontal  line  first.  Then 
draw  line  C-D  to  the  pitch  of  the  dormer 
roof,  in  this  case  30  degrees,  as  shown  by 
the  drawing.    Now  apply  the  square  to  Une 


Fig.  4 


A-B,  using  12  and  12  and  making  12  on  the 
body  come  to  the  crossing  of  the  two  Hues. 
Then  12  on  the  body  and  point  X  on  the 
tongue  will  give  the  cut.  This  principle 
will  work  on  any  other  pitch,  by  making 
Une  C-D  slope  to  the  pitch  of  the  dormer 


THE     CARPENTER 


'Oof,  and  the  blade  of  the  square  come  to 
he  pitch  of  the  main  roof. 

Cuts  for  Joining  Pitch  Roofs.— Fig.  3 
hows  a  diagram  of  a  roof  with  a  half 
)itch  to  the  right,  and  a  30-degree  pitch 
o  the  left.  The  main  building,  however,  is 
0  be  altered  so  as  to  give  it  a  full  half  pitch 
;able  roof,  as  indicated  by  tlie  dotted  line. 
rhe  problem  here  is  to  obtain  the  foot  cut 
or  tlie  rafter,  where  it  fits  the  30-degree 
oof.  As  the  diagram  to  tlie  left  shows,  draw 
ine  A-B.  Also  draw  line  C-D  to  the  slope 
)f  the  roof  to  the  left,  which  is  30-degrees. 
Then  apply  the  square  as  shown,  using  12 
md  12,  the  figures  that  give  the  pitch  of 
he  main  roof.    Now  12  on  the  body  and 


Fig.  5 

)oint  X  on  the  tongue  will  give  the  cut. 
vlark  along  the  blade  of  the  square.  The 
ame  results  can  be  obtained  by  making  a 
liagram  as  shown  in  Fig.  4.  Here  only  a 
)art  of  the  roof  shown  in  Fig.  3,  is  used, 
jne  C-D  represents  the  30-degree  roof  and 
he  dotted  line  represents  the  rafter  that  is 
0  be  framed.  Proceed  by  applying  the 
quare  in  tlie  position  shown,  bringing  12 
m  the  body  to  the  toe  of  the  dotted-line 
after.    Now  12  on  the  body  of  the  square, 


One  Pitch  Joining  Another  Pitch.— Fig.  5 
shows  a  cross  section  of  a  third  roof,  to 
the  right,  which  is  joined  by  a  half  pitch 


Fig.  7 

rafter,  shown  in  part  to  the  left.  The  draw- 
ing to  the  upper  left  shows  how  to  make 
the  diagram  for  obtaining  the  cut.  Draw 
line  A-B,  as  shown.    Next  draw  line  C-D, 


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md  point  X  on  the  tongue  will  give  the 
:ut.  Mark  along  the  body  of  the  square. 
This  drawing,  made  to  a  little  larger  scale, 
hould  be  compared  with  the  diagram  to 
he  left  in  Fig.  3. 


UNBREAKABLE    FRAME 
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See  Our  Exhibit — Nat'l  Hardware  Show — Cooths  101  &  102 

J.    H.    SCHARF   MFG.    CO.,    Omaha,    Nebr. 


44 


THE    CARPENTER 


giving  it  the  slope  of  the  main  roof,  as  in- 
dicated by  the  dotted-hne  square,  which  is 
apphed,  using  12  and  8.  Then  draw  Hne 
E-F  with  the  square,  using  12  and  12,  so 
as  to  give  it  a  half  pitch.  Now  turn  to 
Fig.  6.  This  diagram  is  drawn  to  a  larger 
scale,  and  shows  the  square  applied  to  line 
C-D  and  line  E-F  in  such  a  manner  that 
it  will  give  the  cut  for  the  half  pitch  rafter 
where  it  joins  the  third  pitch  roof.  To  mark 
the  cut  on  the  rafter  material,  use  12  on 
the  body  of  the  square  and  point  X  on  the 
tongue,  as  shown.    Mark  along  the  tongue. 

Cuts  for  Braces.— Fig.  7  shows  how  to 
get  the  cut  for  a  brace  where  it  joins  the 
main  building,  at  the  same  time  locating 
the  point  of  the  cut  where  it  joins  the  rafter. 
In  this  case,  24  on  the  body  of  the  square 
and  12  on  the  tongue  are  used,  so  that  one 
operation  will  do  the  job.  The  same  results 
can  be  obtained  by  using  12  on  the  body 
of  the  square  and  6  on  the  tongue,  but  then 
two  steps  must  be  taken.  Fig.  8  shows  the 
same  brace  and  roof.  Square  No.  1  is  in 
the  position  of  the  square  shown  by  dotted 


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TRIP-HAMMER 

Saw 'Set 

FOOT  TREADLE  OPERATED 

•  LIGHT  WEIGHT 

•  TOOL  BOX  SIZE 

•  SETS  UP  EASILY 

•  MONEY  BACK  GUARANTEE 

Set   saws    faster.      NO    CRAMPED    HANDS. 

Every  tooth  set  uniformly.  Handles  5  to  12 
point  hand  saws,  3"  to  10"  circular  saws.  Two  man  cross 
cut   saws. 

Send   Cheek,    Money  Order  or   Postal   Note. 

ARDEE  TOOL  GO.    R„°y  ^°^,  sta^tn,  ohio 


EARN  BIG  PROFITS 

SHARPENING  AND  RETOOTHING  SAWS 


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Coast  saw   shop  char- 
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able inforzQation. 


lines  in  Fig.  7.  To  get  the  bevel  for  the' 
cut  where  the  brace  joins  the  rafter,  apply 
square  No.  2  to  square  No.  1  as  shown,' 
using  12  and  8,  the  figures  that  will  give 
the  slope  of  the  roof  and  also  the  cuts  for 
the  rafter.  Another  method  is  shown  by 
Fig.  9.    Here  the  line  marked  Third  Pitch 


Fig.  8 

represents  the  slope  of  the  rafter,  while  thei 
line  marked  sixth  pitch  represents  the  slope 
of  the  brace.  Applying  the  square  to  these 
lines  as  shown,  will  give  the  points  to  use 
for  marking  the  bevel  of  the  brace  where' 
it  fits  the  rafter,  or  12  on  the  tongue  of  the! 
square,  and  point  X  on  the  body,  the  ton- 
gue giving  the  bevel. 

The  student  will  find  the  one-line  dia- 
grams a  little  harder  to  understand  than  the 
details,  but  when  the  principle  is  clear  in 
his  mind,  he  will  find  the  diagram  method 


12- 


BURR  MFG.  CO., 


I>fpl  r-8,^'^45  Venice  BKd. 
Los  Anselc!.  M.  Calii. 


Fig.  9 

simple,  because  all  unnecessary  lines  have 
been  eliminated.  The  important  thing  is 
to  make  the  slope  of  the  lines,  respectively, 
the  same  as  the  slope  of  the  roofs  or  braces, 
as  the  case  may  be.  Study  the  drawings, 
and  practice  finding  different  cuts,  until  the 
principle  is  fixed  in  your  mind. 


Says  F.  William  Wessel,  for  over  40  years^ 
a  carpenter-contractor  in  Peoria,  Illinois 

Bill  Wessel  and  his  Model  E  SKIL  Saw  have 
been  working  together  day  after  day  for  more  than  2  dec- 
ades—  and  both  are  still  going  strong.  Bill  knows,  prob- 
ably better  than  anyone,  that  SKIL  Saws  don't  need  to 
be  babied  or  pampered  to  keep  them  out  of  the  shop  and 
on  the  job. 

Here's  one  reason  Bill  Wessel's  old  veteran 
(like  all  SKIL  Saws)  stands  hardest  wear  and  the  shock 
of  heaviest  loads:  It  has  famous  SKIL  Saw  Worm-Gear 
construction  and  the  extra  margin  of  power  that  make 
tough  jobs  easy  year  after  year.  Contractors  who  know 
never  take  chances.  For  saws  they  see  their  SKIL  Dis- 
tributor. It's  plain  good  business  for  you  to  see  him,  too. 


SKIL  Products  are  made  only  by 

SKILSAW,  INC. 

5033  Elston  Ave.,  Chicago  30,  III. 
Factory  Branches  in  Principal  Cities 

\n  Canada:  SKILTOOLS,  LTD. 
66  Portland  St.,  Toronto,  Ont. 


PORTABLE^TOOLS 


Model  "87"  SKIt  Sflw 

Powerful,  fast  9"  modeL 
ideal  for  framing  with  2  inch 
rough  stock.  Bevel  cuts  iVe" 
at  45'^.  Standard  and  odd 
voltages    at    no    extra     cost. 


1st — ^Measure    tread    or   riser  in    10    seconds 


ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE 

Saves  HALF  Your  Time 
Building  Staircases 

In  10  seconds  you  get  both  correct 
length  and  angle  for  stair  treads,  risers, 
closet  shelves,  ready  to  mark  board. 
Each  end  automatically  pivots  and  locks 
at  exact  length  and  angle  needed  for 
perfect  fit.  Length  adjustable  from  20" 
up.  Saves  a  day  or  more,  increases  your 
profits  $20  to  $30  on  each  staircase. 
Fully  guaranteed.    Circular  on  request. 

Only  $12.95  cash  with  order, 
or  C.O.D.  plus  postage. 

ELIASON    TOOL    CO.       Minneapolis     17,     Minn. 

Dealers   and   Agents   Write   Us 
2nd — Mark   board   with   gauge   for  perfect   fit 


CUTS  PASTER,  CLEANER 
IN  HARD  OR  SOFT  WOOD 


A 


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Simplified  design,  no  blade  slip- 
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Model   I   Expansion  Cap.      I  Ret.  Price 


250 


251 


1/2--1-1/2" 

7/8"— 3" 


$1.69 


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See  your  dealer  or  write 
>BERT    H.    CLARK    COMPANY 

Beverly  Hills,  California 


MANUFACTURERS    OF    PRECISION    CUTTING    TOOLS 


NEW! 


"Bp-To-Date"  Combination 
RABBET-ROUTER 
r.      PLANE 
-^  -    With  Built-in 
GAUGE  MARKER 
and  SQUARE 

USABLE  WHERE  OTHER 
PLANES   WON'T   WORK! 

You've  always  wanted  such  a  plane!  Ideal  for  setting 
hinges  and  locks  perfectly  .  .  .  also  for  ALL  fine,  intri- 
cate carpentry  work.  Carves  where  other  planes  cant 
reach!  %  inch  tool-steel  blade  will  cut 
to  %  inch  depth.  Aluminum  body.  Weighs 
12  ounces.  SATISFACTION  GUARAN- 
TEED. Sent  postpaid  or  COD  plus  postage. 
ORDER    TODAY! 

ILLINOIS     STAMPING     &     MFG.     CO. 

220    N.     Jefferson     St.,     Chicago    6,     III. 


195 
post 
paid 
Dept.  C, 


soi"* 


HANG  THAT  DOOR 
THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


Makes  a  clean-cut,  deeply-etched  profile  on  door. 
Remove  chips.  Repeat  operation  on  jamb.  Hang 
door!  No  adjustments.  No  fussing.  Precision  made. 
Drop-forged,  heat-treated  steel.  Comes  in  3",  3i" 
and   4"    (Std)    sizes. 

ONLY  $1.75  ea. — $3.50  a  pair 
(any  two) — $5.25  complete  set 
of  three.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
send  only  $1.00  with  order  and 
pay  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  O.  D.  In  Canada,  .2oc 
higher  per  order.  No  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    wanted. 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 

"Really  a  help  for  the 
'old  hands'  and  almost 
a  'must'  for  the  new 
boys." 

S.   H.   Glover 
Cincinnati,   Ohio 

"The  greatest  help  in 
hanging  doors  I  have 
ever    seen." 

3.    Allen   Charles 
Mullins,    S.   C. 


Comes  With         Conceded  by   carpenters  to  be  almost   indispensable, 
Leatherette  Case      ^^  hundreds  of  testimonials  in  file  show. 
("B-Z  Mark"  Trade  Mark  Reg.) 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  Dept.  C,  Los  Angeles  16.  Cal. 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377,  Dept.  C. 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 


han( 

I 


YOU  DO  THIS 


Clip    and    mail    bandy    order    form     below. 


Gentlemen:     Please  send  the   following    "E-Z"   Mark   Butt  Gauges   as   checked    below: 

Cheek  Size 

□  one  of   any   size   $1.75  

□  two    of   any    size   $3.50  

n         complete    set    of    three   any    size    $5.25  

I    enclose   check    or    money    order         G 
Send   C.   O.    D D 

Name: 

Address: City 

State: 


-Zone- 


NOTICE 


The  publishers  of  "The  Carpenter"  reaerve  the 
right  to  reject  all  advertising  matter  which  may 
be,  in  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America. 

All  Contracts  for  adrertlsing  space  in  "The  Car- 
penter," Including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellable,  are  only  accepted  srbject  to  the  above 
reserved   rights   of   the   publishers. 


Index  of  Advertisers 


Carpenters'  Tools  and  Accessories 

Page 

The    American    Floor    Surfacing 

Machine    Co.,    Toledo,    Ohio 48 

Ardee      Tool      Co.,      Rocky      River 

Station,      Ohio 44 

Burr  Mfg.   Co.,  Los  Angeles,   Cal.        44 
Robert  H.   Clark  Co.,  Beverly 

Hills,   Calif. 43 

Eliason    Tool    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn.    46 

E-Z    Mark    Tools,    Los    Angeles, 

Cal.      46 

Florboss-Habit    Co.,    Chicago,    111.  1 

Foley    Mfg.    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn.    48 

Illinois    Stamping    &    Mfg.    Co., 

Chicago,    in.    46 

The    Lufkin    Rule    Co.,    Saginaw, 

Mich.     47 

North    Bros.    Mfg.    Co.,    Philadel- 
phia,   Pa.    48 

J.    H.    Scharf    Mfg.    Co.,    Omaha, 

Neb.      43 

Skilsaw,    Inc.,    Chicago,    III 45 

Stanley    Tools,    New    Britain, 

Conn.     3rd  Cover 

Carpentry  Materials 

The  Upson  Co.,  Lockport,  N.  Y._  4 

Doors 

Overhead    Door    Corp.,  Hartford 

City,   Ind. 4th      Cover 

Technical  Courses  and  Books 

American    Technical    Society, 

Chicago,    111. 47 

Audel    Publishers,    New    York, 

N.    Y.    3rd  Cover 

Chicago    Technical    College,    Chi- 
cago,   III.    3 

H.    H.    Siegele,    Emporia,   Kans 43 

Tamblyn   System,    Denver.    Colo._        48 

Wearing  Apparel 

The  H.   D.   Lee   Co.,   Inc.,   Kansas 

City,   Mo.    3rd   Cover 


KEEP  THE  MONEY 
IN   THE    FAMILYI 

PATRONIZE 
ADVERTISERS 


9BIG  BUILDING  BOOKS 


12th  Edition  for 
EXAMINATION 

SEND  NO  MONEY 


Learn  to  draw  plana,  estimate,  be  a  live-wire  builder,  do 
remodeling,  take  contracting  jobs.  These  9  practical,  pro- 
fusely Illustrated  books  cover  subjects  that  will  help  you 
to  get  more  work  and  make  more  money.  Masonry,  con- 
crete forms,  carpentry,  steel  square,  roof  framing,  construc- 
tion, plumbing,  heating,  painting,  decorating  and  many 
other    subjects.     More    than    4000    pages — 2750    illustrations. 

UP-TO-DATE 

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swing  and  trained  men  are  aeeded. 
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that   helps    solve    building   problems. 

Coupon    Brings    Nine    Big    Bool(s   For 


AMERICAN  TECHNICAL  SOCIETY  Publishers  since  1898 

Dept.     GC-36,     Drexei     at    58th     Street,     Chicago    37,     III. 

You  may  ship  me  the  TJp-to-Date  edition  of  your  nine 
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Name      

Address      

City   State   

Attach  letter  stating  age,  occupation,  employer's  name  and 
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No.  1  choice  with 
thousands  of  carpenters 
. .  the  "RED  END"  066! 

«,......,.....  I  —  Solid     brass     Joints,     rust- 

ili\\m\u\\  proof,    smooth-working. 

^  2 — Solid    brass    strike    plates 

prevent  wear. 
3 — Patented  lock  joints  reduce 
end     play,    maintain     ac- 
curacy. 
4 — Sections    of    finest    hard- 
wood, straight   grain, 
tough,  flexible. 
5 — Most  durable  enamel  fin- 
ish, snow  white  or  cream. 
6 — Graduations  on  both 

edges  of  both  sides. 
7 — Wide  range  of  markings 
available. 
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THETOOLBOXOFTHEWOeUI 


Let  the  spiral 
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simple  push  on  a 
/^^   sturdy    "Yankee" 
^^^  drives  or  draws  the 
screw  with  a  spinning 
start.    Good    for   years 
of  smooth,  willing  part- 
nership   with   your    good 
right    hand.    Three    sizes, 
each  with  3  size  bits.  Pop- 
ular    30A     size,     range     of 
screws    #2   to    #8.   For  one- 
hand  operation,  buy  the  130A 
"Yankee"    with    the    "quick- 
return"  spring  in  the  handle. 
Send  ioT  the  "Yankee"  Tool  Book 

XORTH     BROS.     MFG.     CO. 

Philadelphia  33,  Pa. 


$900 

IN  SPARE  TlilllE 


"\  did  very  well  last 
year  with  my  Foley 
equipment,  about  950 
saws  and  240  lawn 
mowers,  in  my  spare 
time.  About  $900  for 
me."     Leo    H.     Mix. 

Carp^ters   Make   up    to   $2   or  $3   an   hour   in 

spare  time.  With  a  Foley  Automatic  Saw 
Filer  you  can  file  hand,  band  and  circular 
saws  better  than  the  most  expert  hand  filer. 
Cash  business,  no  canvassing.  No  eyestrain, 
no  experience   needed. 

FREE  BOOK 

"INDEPENDENCE  AFTER  40" 

sho-ws  just  how  you 
can  start  at  home  in 
spare  time,  with 
small  investment, 
no  overhead, — and 
develop  into  a  full- 
time  repair  shop. 
Send  coupon  today 
— no  salesman  will 
eaU. 


Se^  eoufoo*t  'Pon,  FREE  BOOK 


FOLEY  MFG.   CO.,   818-0   Foley   Bldg., 

Minneapolis    18,    Minn. 

Send  FREE  BOOK — "Independence  After  40' 


Name    . 
Address 


Double  yOMt  production  .  .  .  increase  your 
profit .  .  .  sand  floors  with  a  new  American 
Super  8!  Curs  twice  as  fast  as  standard  8" 
machine!  Powerful  2  H.P.  motor  . .  .  drum 
speed  range  1600  to  2800  r.p.m.  assures 
greatest  efiSciency  under  varying  conditions 
.  .  .  correct  drum  pressure  selected  by  varia- 
ble control — 52  lb.  to  103  lb. — to  meet  all 
conditions  in  floors.  Operates  efficiently 
even  with  low  voltage.  Plus  many  more  all- 
new  features.  Write  for  bulletin  and  prices. 

AMERICAN  Floor  Surfacing  Machine  Co. 

520  So.  St.  Clair  St.    •    Toledo  3,  Ohio 


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  own  busi- 
ness and  be  your  own  boss  the  "Tamblyn 
System"  Home  Study  Course  in  Estimating 
will  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  carpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  you  can  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
first  lesson  begins  with  excavations  and  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  you 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidance  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced  to  the  language  you  understand. 
You  will  never  find  a  more  opportune  time 
to  establish  yourself  in  business   than   now. 

Study  the  course  for  ten  days  absolutely 
free.  If  you  decide  you  don't  want  to  keep 
it,  just  return  it.  Otherwise  send  us  $8.75 
and  pay  the  balance  of  $30.00  at  $7.50  per 
month,  making  a  total  of  $38.75  for  the  com- 
plete course.  On  request  we  will  send  you 
plans,  specifications,  estimate  sheets,  a  copy 
of  the  Building  Labor  Calculator,  and  com- 
plete instructions.  What  we  say  about  this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to  be  after  you  examine  it  is  the  only  thing 
that  matters.  You  be  the  judge;  your  deci- 
sion is  finsJ. 

Write  your  naune  and  address  dearly  and 
give  your  age,  and  trade  experience- 

TAMBLYN   SYSTEM 

1115    So.   Pearl    St.,    C-44,    Denver    10,    Colo. 


,r*^ 


"r 


Easier  readiryq, 
longer  \Near\r\Q 


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with  Five  Star  Features 


1^  Easier  Reading  —  Large  jet-black 
Gothic  numerals  and  graduations  — 
plastic  coated  for  permanence. 

If  Longer  Wearing—  Solid  nickel  silvier 
joints  and  strike  plates— rustproof, 
stainless— assures  smooth  action. 

I(   More  Accurate  —  Concealed  joints 


with  "ball  socket"  action  —  prevent 
stretching  —  hold  rule  rigid. 

NEW  Protective  finish  —  Extra* 
tough,  water-resistant  plastic  coating 
on  all  sticks—  4  times  longer  wearing. 

Selected  Sticks— Straight  grain  solid 
Rock  Maple  — tough  and  flexible. 


By  any  rule  the  best  buy  is  Stanley.  Your  loca  1  dealer  carries  Stanley 
Zig-Zag  Rules  in  a  wide  range  of  sizes,  markings  and  finishes. 

STANLEY  TOOLS  •  NEW  BRITAIN,  CONN. 


i  STANLEY] 


Reg.  U.S.  Pot.  Off. 


THE  TOOL  BOX  OF  THE  WORLD 

HARDWARE  •  TOOLS  •  ELECTRIC  TOOLS 
STEEL  STRAPPING  •  STEEL 


UNION     MADE 


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Overalls 


LEE 

TAILORED  SIZES 

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Kansas  City,  Mo, 
Trenton,  N.  J. 
South  Bend,  Ind. 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 
Salina,  Kans.    . 


AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

4  vols.  $6 

Inside  Trade  Information 

for  Carpenters ,  Builders.  Join* 
ers.  Building:  Mechanics  and  all 
Woodworkers .  These  Guidea 
give  yoo  the  short-cut  instruc- 
tions that  you  want— includinif 
new  methods,  ideas,  solutions, 
plans,  systems  and  money  sav- 
nig  suggestions.  An  esisy  pro- 
gressive course  for  the  appren- 
tice and  student.  A  practical 
daily  helper  and  Quick  Refer- 
ence for  the  master  worker* 
Carpenters  everywhere  are  ua* 
ing  these  Guides  as  a  Helpmff 
Hand  to  Easier  Work,  Better 
Work  and  Better  Pay.  To  get 
this  assistEince  for  yoursolf. 
^  simply  fill  in  and  „„.,  .    . 

Inside  Trade  Information  On:        mair  fEEE  coupon  beiow. 

How  to  use  the  steel  square — How  to  file  and 

set  saws — How  to  build  furniture — ^How  to  use 

a  mitre  box — ^How  to  use  the  chaUc  line — How 

to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 

Carpenters   arithmetic — Solving   mensuration 

problems — Estimating  strength  of  timbers — 

How  to  set  girders  and  sills — How  to  frame 

houses  and  roofs — How  to  estimate  costs — How 

to  build  houses,  barns,  garages,  bimgalows,  etc. 

— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 

specifications — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 

settings  12, 13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 

to  build  hoists  and  scaffolds — skylights — How 

to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  Interior  trim —    . 

How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors — How  to  paint. 


AUDEL,  Publisliers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  Yorit  10,  N.  Y. 

Mall  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  on  7  days'  tree 
trial.  If  OK  I  will  remit  $1  In  7  days  and  $1  montlily  until  $S  Is.pald. 
—Otherwise  I  will  return  them.  No  obiieation  unless  I  am  satisfied. 


Occupation- 


Employed  by.. 


CAR 


new  1951  model! 


THE 


COPYRIGHT     1950  OVERHEAD     DOOR     CORPORATION 


nevf 


Be^uDtljj 


/ 


new 


SDim4tk 


new 


E^e  0^  Opendtbn/ 


for    Residential,    Commercial    and    Industrial    Buildings 


Miracle  Wedge 


I  Salt  Spray  Steel 


Nation-wide  SoIm  -  'Jita.ttxtUUioK  -  Senucee. 


Manual  or  Electric  Operatic 


Hartford     City,     Indiana,     U.  S.  A. 

MANUFACTURING     DIVISIONS 


CARPENTER 


FOUNDED    1881 

OfKeial  Publication  of  the 
UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS  of  AMERICA 

SEPTEMBER,    1950 


All  Roads  Lead  To  CINCINNATI— Convention  City 


GENERAL  OFFICES 

222  E.  Michigan  Street 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 


General  Officers 
and  General  Executive  Board  Members 

UNITED    BROTHERHOOD   OF    CARPENTERS    AND   JOINERS 

OF   AMERICA 


)     CHARLES  JOHNSON,  JR.   /  1  0 

/  G.E.B.  First  District        \  /       G.E.I 


CARPENTERS 

BUILDERS  and  APPRENTICES 


Get  the  practical  training  you  need 

for  PROMOTION, 


INCREASED  INCOME 


Prepare  now  for  more  pay,  greater  success. 
Hundreds  have  quickly  advanced  to  foreman, 
superintendent,  inspector,  estimator,  contrac- 
tor, with  this  Chicago  Tech  training  in  Build- 
ing. Your  practical  experience  aids  your  suc- 
cess. 

Learn  how  to  lay  out  and  run  building  jobs,  read 
blue  prints,  estimate  building  costs,  superintend  con- 
struction. Practical  training  with  complete  blue  print 
plans  and  specifications — same  as  used  by  superin- 
tendents and  contractors.  Over  46  years  of  experi- 
ence in  training  practical  builders. 


FREE 


Blue  Prints 
and  Trial  Lesson 


THOROUGH  TRAINING  IN  BUILDING 

Learn  at  Home  in  Your  Spare  Time 

The  successful  builder  will  tell  you 
that  the  way  to  the  top-pay  jobs  and 
success  in  Building  is  to  get  thorough 
knowledge  of  blue  prints,  building  con- 
struction and  estimating. 

In  this  Chicago  Tech  Course,  you  learn  to 
read  blue  prints — the  universal  language  of 
the  builder — and  understand  specifications — 
for  all  types  of  buildings. 

S^ou  learn  building  construction  details : 
foundations,  walls,  roofs,  windows  and  doors, 
arches,  stairs,  etc. 

You  learn  how  to  lay  out  work  and  direct 
building  jobs  from  start  to  finish.  You  learn 
to  estimate  building  costs  quick- 
ly and  accurately.  Find  out 
how  you  can  prepare  at  home 
for  the  higher-paid  jobs  in 
Building,  or  your  own  success- 
ful contracting  business.  Get  the 
facts  about  this  income-boosting 
Chicago  Tech  training  now. 


Send  today  for  Trial  Lesson:  "How  to  Read 
Blue  Prints,"  and  set  of  Blue  Print  Plans — 
sent  to  you  Free.  See  for  yourself  how  this 
Chicago  Tech  course  prepares  you  to  earn 
more  money,  gives  you  the  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  Building  required  for  the  higher-up 
jobs  and  higher  pay.  Don't  delay.  Mail  the 
coupon  today  in  an  envelope  or  use  penny 
postcard. 


MAIL  COUPON  NOW 


n 


Chicag-o   Technical    College 

M-122  Tech  Bldg.,  2000  So.  Michigan  Ave. 

Chicago   16,   111. 

Mail  me  Free  Blue  Print  Plans  and  Booklet : 
"How  to  Read  Blue  Prints"  with  information 
about   how   I  can   train   at  home. 


CHICAGd    tECHNICAL    COLLEGE 

TECH  BLDG.,  2000  SOUTH  MICHIGAN  AVE.,  CHICAGO  16,  ILL. 


A   Monthly  Journal,   Owned   and   Published    by   the   United    Brotherhood   of    Carpenters    and    Joiners 
of  America,  for  all  its  Members  of  all  its  Branches. 

PETER  E.  TERZICK,  Editor 

Carpenters'  Building,  222  E.  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis  4,  Indiana 


Established  In  1881 
Vol.  LXX — No.  9 


INDIANAPOLIS,  SEPTEMBER,  1950 


One    Dollar   Per   Year 
Ten  Cents  a  Copy 


—  Con  tents  — 


November  7th — Zero  Hour 


Gompers    On    Labor    Day 


The  Korean  situation  has  touched  off  an  economic  powder  keg  which  will  have 
serious  consequences  on  all  of  us.  Taxes  will  have  to  be  increased,  anti-inflation 
measures  will  probably  have  to  be  enacted.  How  the  working  people  will  fare  in 
all  these  changes  will  depend  in  a  large  measure  on  v/hat  kind  of  a  Congress  is 
elected  November  7th.  A  fair  Congress  can  mean  distribution  of  the  tax  load 
according  to  ability  to  pay  and  fair  wage  and  price  control  treatment.  An  unfair 
Congress  can  shift  all  the  sacrificing  to  the  backs  of  the  ordinary  people.  There- 
fore election  day— November  7th— will  be  the  zero  hour. 

14 

In  a  memorable  speech  on  Labor  Day,  1921,  Samuel  Gompers  eloquently  ex- 
plained the  deep  significance  of  labor's  chief  holiday  and  the  deep-rooted  moral 
and   spiritual   factors  that  surround   it. 

18 

Not  unlike  ancient  Rome,  Cincinnati,  host  city  to  the  T>venty-sixth  General  Con- 
vention,  is   built  on   seven   hills.     However,   unlike  the  ancient  Roman   capital,  Cincin- 
nati   is    a    city    of    friendliness    and    democracy    ^ith    entertainment    and     relaxation 
available  to   rich   and   poor   alike. 

-         -         -         22 

In  the  twenty  years  preceding  the  turn  of  the  century,  the  8-hour  day  was  the 
prime  objective  of  organized  labor.  Achievement  of  that  objective  entailed  a  long 
and  bitter  struggle.  It  was  the  United  Brotherhood  which  spearheaded  the  fight 
and  carried  the  ball  throughout  most  of  the  fight. 


Cincinnati — Seven  Hilltops 


U.  B.  Pioneered  8-Hour  Day     - 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 

Plane  Gossip 

Editorials 

The  Locker  - 

Official 

In    Memoriam 

Correspondence 

To  The  Ladies 

Craft  Problems 


12 

24 

28 
29 
30 
32 
35 
38 


Index  to  Advertisers 


47 


Entered  July   22.    1915.   at   INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second   class   mail   matter,    under    Act   of 
Congress,  Aug.  24,  1912.    Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for         I 
In   Section   1103,   act  of   October   3,    1917,    authorized  on   July    8,    1918. 


with  New  AMERICAN  8V2^^  SAW 

Here's  the  sweetest  handling  Saw  you've  ever  used — the  sensar 
tional  new  American!  See  it — try  it — compare!  Big  capacity — 
81/2''''  blade.  Big  power  G.E.  motor  develops  2V^  H.P.  Top 
speed  cutting,  any  position  . . .  for  wood,  stone,  tile,  sheet  metal, 
compositions.  No  jolt — no  twist  when  starting — balanced  torque 
principle.  Saves  time,  saves  labor,  cuts  costs!  Send  coupon  for 
details  and  FREE  demonstration. 


SINCE    1903 


The  American  Floor  Surfacing  Machine  Co. 
520  So.  St.  Clair  St.,  Toledo  3,  Ohio 

□   Please  send  me  illustrated  bulletin  and  price  on 
new  American  Power  Saw.  No  obligation. 

I~l  Please    arrange    a    FREE    demonstration    of   the 
new  American  Power  Saw.  No  obligation. 


Name_ 


Street. 
City 


.Stafe_ 


''Following 

the  line 

is  easier 

with 

SKIL  Saw" 

You  can 

always  see 

both  the 

blade 

and  the 

mark 


^  SKIL  Saw  lets  you  see  what  you're  doing  ...  on  every  art. 

There's  no  need  to  look  around  motor  housings.  There's  no  leaning  over  the 
saw  to  see  what's  going  on.  Your  line  of  cut  is  always  in  plain  view.  You  see 
the  SKIL  Saw  blade  as  it  cuts.  You  work  in  a  normal,  easy  position. 

Full  visibility,  perfect  balance  and  extra  power  make  SKIL 
Saw  easier  to  use  on  any  job.  Tough,  heavy-duty  construction  keeps  SKIL  Saw 
out  of  the  shop,  keeps  SKIL  Saw  on  the  job.  Ask  your  SKJL  Tools  Distributor 

for  a  demonstration  of  easy-handling,  hard- 
working SKIL  Saws  today. 


-'  SKll  Saws—for  23 
years  the  leading  portable  electric 
saw.  Choose  from  9  models  with 
blade  sizes  from  6  to  12  inches. 


SKIL  Products  are  madtt  only  by 

SKILSAW,  INC. 

5033  Elston  Ave.,  Chicago  30,  III. 

Factory  Branches  in  Principal  Cities 

In  Canada:  SKILTOOLS,  LTD..  66  Portland  St.,  Toronto,  Ont. 


GOOD  NEWS  for  you! 

—    No  Matter  What  Happens    — 

PART  TIME  OR  FULL  TIME 

YOU  WILL  PROFIT  WITH  A 


''THE  MACHINE 
FHAT  NEEDS  NO  HELPER" 

^o  special  power  hook-ups... 

ifo  Dust .  .  .  No  Muss 

io  heavy  weight  lifting. 

51ts  in  any  car — easily 

t's  Labor-Saving,  Time-Sav- 

ng,     Easier,     Faster    with 

ilOBE  PROFIT. 

i 

lORBOSS-HABIT  CO. 
>181  W.  Montrose  Ave. 
Chicago    41,    IHinois 


NO  EDGER  NEEDED 

$40  to  $75  a  day— Easy/ 

YES  SIR!  Floor  Sanding  is  Fast,  Easy,  Big 
Pay  Now. 

No  Extra  Edging  Machine 
to  tire  your  back  . .  . 

94  pounds,  the  full  machine  weight,  goes  to  work 
for  you  in  the  most  efBcient  cutting  combination 
of  speed  and  correct  pressures  ever  devised. 

One  Machine  does  the  job 
complete — 

No  stooping,  bending  or  crawling  around  on 
your  hands  and  knees.  .  .  . 

On  Old  Floors  or  New  Floors. . . 

The  profit  is  good  and  jobs  are  plentiful. 

GET  FULL  INFORMATION 
and  FREE  TRIAL  OFFER 

FOR  QUICK  ACTION-MAIL  COUPON 


FLORBOSS-HABIT  CO. 

4181    Montrose   Ave.,   Chicago   41,   III. 

Please    send    complete    information    on    the    Florbosa    and 
Free  Trial  OfEer. 


Name 


Address 


City    Zone    State    . 

I  am   interested  as   a   Building    Contractor 

n 

Going     Into     Business 

D 

Floor'    Sanding     Contractor 

D 

Please  check  one  of  the  above. 

To  Unsightly  Cracked  Ceilings 


UPSON 
KUVER-KRAK 

PANELS 


— applied  right  over  old  plaster! 


A  plastered  ceiling  is  cracked  .  .  . 
about  to  falll  WTio  is  going  to  get  the 
business?  Only  you  have  the  ability 
to  permanently  repair  ugly,  unsafe 
ceilings  so  they  will  never  crack  again. 
Only  you  can  save  the  house'wife  from 
the  ordeal  of  re-plastering — and  the 
clouds  of  seeping,  floating  white  dust. 


Apphdng  Upson  Ceilings  is  pleasant, 
easy  and  profitable!  Be  an  Upson 
Ceiling  Expert.  Send  the  coupon  be- 
low. Our  Representative  will  be  glad 
to  help  with  your  first  job.  Always 
use  Upson  Kuver-Krak  Panels  for  ceil- 
ing jobs.  Every  panel  is  plainly 
marked  "Kuver-Krak." 


THE   UPSON   COMPANY439 


I  would  like  to  become  an  Upson  Ceiling  Espert. 
□  Have  your  R,epresentauve  call  on  me. 


Upson  P».,  Loekporf,  N.  Y. 

Send  me  Application  In^tructiona. 


STREET. 
CITY 


NOVEMBER  7th— Zero  Hour 


ALTHOUGH  the  Korean  situation  has  not  as  yet  developed  into  a  world- 
wide war,  already  it  has  become  crystal  clear  that  the  American  people 
are  tied  to  the  same  old  merry-go-round  and  are  about  to  be  taken  for 
another  ride.  During  the  first  month  of  the  Korean  fighting  wholesale  prices 
jumped  a  full  ten  per  cent,  according  to  reliable  figures.  Each  week  there- 
after has  seen  further  price  boosts.  The  full  impact  of  price  increases  has  not 
yet  been  felt  at  the  retail  level  since  there  is  a  time  lag  between  wholesale 
price  jumps  and  the  changes  they  create  in  retailers'  prices.  However,  every 
housewife  is  fully  aware  of  the  fact  that  prices  are  climbing.  Each  market- 
ing day,  a  ten  dollar  bill  w^ill  bring  home  a  smaller  basket  of  groceries. 
Already  the  lower  income  groups  are  finding  it  impossible  to  make  ends  meet 
despite  elimination  of  all  non-essential  spending. 

Why  should  this  be?  Higher  wages? 


Definitely  not.  Wage  levels  have  not 
changed  appreciably  since  June  25th, 
when  Korean  fighting  broke  out.  High- 
er production  costs?  Hardly  since 
wage  rates  have  remained  relatively 
stationery  and  the  same  old  people 
have  continued  working  on  the  same 
old  machines.  The  reasons  for  the 
spectacular  price  rises  can  all  be  com- 
pressed into  one  word— greed.  With- 
out waiting  to  see  if  the  Korean  war 
would  lead  to  shortages,  without  wait- 
ing for  any  production  cost  boosts  to 
develop,  the  profiteers  started  jacking 
up  their  prices  to  create  fatter  profits. 
As  a  result  it  is  costing  people  some- 
thing like  fifteen  per  cent  more  to  live 
these  days  than  it  did  at  this  same 
time  last  year.  That  extra  fifteen  per 
cent  is  mostly  going  into  the  pockets 
of  the  profiteers  in  the  form  of  exces- 
sive profits. 

Even  Senator  Taft  must  realize 
that  this  situation  cannot  continue 
much  longer.  Prices  are  rapidly  get- 
ting beyond  the  reach  of  the  work- 
ing people  and  some  sort  of  upward 
wage  adjustments  will  have  to  be 
made.  Of  course,  the  cry  then  im- 
mediately will  be  that  you  cannot 
increase   wages   without   increasing 


prices  also.  Immediately  the  news- 
papers will  begin  damning  the  unions 
for  bringing  on  inflation.  The  anti- 
labor  Congressmen  will  not  be  far 
behind.  A  ten  cent  an  hoiu^  wage 
boost  demand  will  be  viewed  by  them 
as  a  threat  to  the  whole  war  effort 
and  the  entire  financial  structure  of 
the  nation.  These  are  the  same  men 
who  have  quietly  sat  by  and  watched 
pure  and  simple  greed  drive  the  cost 
of  living  into  the  stratosphere  with- 
out a  word  of  protest. 

Next,  taxes  will  have  to  be  increas- 
ed to  finance  the  costs  of  national 
security.  As  usual,  the  anti-labor  Con- 
gressmen will  make  every  effort  to 
shift  the  bulk  of  the  new  tax  load  on 
to  the  backs  of  the  working  people. 
They  will  oppose  any  and  all  efforts 
to  touch  the  swollen  profits  of  the 
profiteers  and  will  concentrate  their 
efforts  on  trying  to  put  over  higher 
withholding  taxes  on  weekly  earnings. 
Largely  the  newspapers  will  be  back- 
ing them  up  with  editorials  about 
how  high  taxes  on  high  incomes  kill 
initiative  and  shrink  job  opportuni- 
ties. 

The  American  Federation  of  Labor 
is  not  unaware  of  the  perils  inherent 
in  the  present  situation.    Meeting  in 


10 


THE    CARPENTER 


Chicago  late  last  month,  the  Federa- 
tion Executive  Committee  made  some 
down-to-earth  recommendations  to 
Congress.  The  Council  demanded  im- 
mediate control  of  prices  at  their  June 
levels  but  no  pay  controls  until  wages 
have  risen  enough  at  least  to  meet 
higher  living   costs   and   "a   basis   of 


that  fairness  and  ability-to-pay  ma 
be  given  proper  consideration  and  jl 
flation  can  be  kept  under  control.  [ 
How  much  weight  will  these  rej 
ommendations  carry  with  Congres' 
Probably  the  answer  is:  very  littl 
if  the  complexion  of  Congress  remaii^ 
the  same  as  it  is  now.    The  presei 


"What's  your  kick?  Tm  working  too!" 


parity"  with  the  price  climb  since 
the  outbreak  of  the  Korean  war. 

The  council  demanded  that  Con- 
gress enact  an  eflFective  excess  profits 
tax,  grant  rationing  power  to  Presi- 
dent Truman,  and  repeal  of  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Law. 

There  is  no  need  for  compulsory 
manpower  controls,  the  council  said. 

It  also  asked  establishment  of  a 
stiff  excess  profits  tax  as  a  corner- 
stone   of    any    new    tax  program    so 


Congress,  despite  a  large  number  ol 
intelligent,  hard-fighting  liberal  mem 
bers,  is  dominated  by  the  Taft-Byrc 
coalition.  In  the  1948  election  laboi 
did  a  fine  job.  Dozens  of  anti-laboi 
Congressmen  were  voted  into  oblivior 
while  wide-awake  liberal  men  wen 
elected  to  fill  their  places.  However 
for  all  its  political  gains,  labor  failed- 
by  a  few  votes  in  the  Senate  and  i 
handful  in  the  House  to  elect  a  liberal 
Congress.  The  Taft-Byrd  coalition  stilf 


THE    CARPENTER 


11 


kept  control  by  a  slim  margin.  So  long 
as  that  control  remains  labor  can  ex- 
pect little  sympathy  from  the  present 
Congress. 

In  the  November  election,  labor 
must  change  the  complexion  of  the 
new  Congress.  It  must  not  only  hold 
the  gains  it  made  in  1948,  but  also  it 
must  elect  enough  new  friends  to 
break  the  Taft-Byrd  control.  More 
will  be  at  stake  in  this  election  than 
in  any  election  in  recent  years.  In 
view  of  the  troubled  world  situation, 
great  changes  in  our  way  of  life  are 
going  to  be  necessary.  Wage-price 
controls  may  be  necessary  even  be- 
fore this  reaches  print.  New  taxes 
must  come  to  take  care  of  the  greatly 
expanded  demands  of  national  secu- 
rity. Sooner  or  later  Congress  will 
have  to  handle  these  matters. 

How  working  people  fare  when 
and  if  the  controls  and  tax  laws  are 
written  will  depend  on  what  kind  of 
a  Congress  is  sitting  in  Washington. 
A  continuation  of  the  present  Con- 
gress can  and  undoubtedly  will  mean 
loose  price  controls  and  rigid  wage 
controls,  plus  a  shifting  of  the  new 
tax  burden  to  the  backs  of  the  work- 
ers. On  the  other  hand,  a  liberal 
Congress  can  mean  fair  price  con- 
trols and  a  tax  program  that  is  based 
on  ability  to  pay,  plus  a  fair  wage 


From  all  indications,  Congress  is 
going  to  stave  off  action  on  these 
matters  until  after  the  November  elec- 
tion if  humanly  possible.  A  stop-gap 
tax  measure  seems  to  be  in  the  mak- 
ing, and  if  price  and  wage  controls 
become  absolutely  necessary,  all  in- 
dications are  that  they  also  will  be 
of  a  stop-gap  nature.  The  real  pro- 
gram which  will  govern  our  lives  for 
years  to  come  will  be  written  by  the 
new  Congress  that  meets  next  year. 

Consequently  every  working  man 
has  a  tremendous  stake  in  the  out- 
come of  next  November's  election.  A 
favor-the-rich  tax  measure   can  take 


hundreds  of  dollars  out  of  the  pockets 
of  the  average  worker  during  the  next 
year  or  two.  Similarly,  inefltective 
price  controls,  coupled  with  a  rigid 
wage  freeze,  can  materially  cut  the 
living  standards  of  working  people. 
We  had  a  sample  of  that  during  the 
last  war  and  it  was  anything  but 
pleasant.  It  will  come  again  unless 
the  right  kind  of  a  Congress  is  elected 
next  November.  The  liberal  men  sent 
to  Washington  in  1948  have  given 
a  splendid  account  of  themselves. 
Against  great  odds  they  have  fought 
valiantly  for  justice  for  the  working 
people.  If  they  are  not  backed  up  in 
November  and  given  enough  rein- 
forcements to  handle  the  Taft-Byrd 
coalition  they  will  lose  all  of  their 
effectiveness.  The  coalition  can  then 
ride  roughshod  over  the  common  peo- 
ple to  the  advantage  of  the  profiteers 
and  profit  gluttons. 

In  perilous  times  like  these,  wage 
increases  can  mean  little  or  nothing. 
If  every  pay  increase  is  accompanied 
by  substantial  price  boosts  and  in- 
creased taxes  the  working  man  loses 
out  rapidly  because  he  is  like  a  dog 
chasing  his  tail— he  can  never  catch 
up  with  his  objective.  That  is  the 
sort  of  situation  that  is  bound  to 
develop  if  a  decent  Congress  is  not 
elected  in  November. 

Consequently  every  working  man 
owes  it  to  himself  and  his  family  to 
be  ready  and  willing  to  take  part  in 
next  November's  election.  The  results 
will  mean  decent  living  standards  dur- 
ing the  next  few  years  or  hardship 
and  privation  as  price  increases  and 
taxes  eat  increasingly  bigger  holes  in 
the  old  pay  check  through  favor-the 
-rich  legislation.  If  the  latter  comes 
to  pass,  we  will  have  no  one  to  blame 
but  ourselves.  November  7th  will  be 
our  Zero  Hour.  Each  of  us  must  be 
prepared  to  do  our  bit  by  being  regis- 
tered and  then  voting  for  men  who 
appreciate  and  are  sympathetic  with 
the  needs  of  the  ordinary  people. 


OTQ^PS  I  P 


SORT   OF   PERSISTENT 

Four  years  ago,  Congress  passed  a  law 
aimed  at  clearing  out  the  slums  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  which  are  among  the  worst 
in  the  nation.  Last  month,  the  agencies 
charged  with  the  responsibility  of  admin- 
istering the  program  admitted  nothing  has 
been  accomplished  and  that  they  were  now 
starting  from  scratch.  For  the  umpteenth 
time  a  "survey"  is  getting  under  way. 

Smrveys  are  the  favorite  delaying  tactic 
of  the  real  estate  interests  not  only  in  Wash- 
ington but  in  all  other  cities  where  high- 
profit  slum  areas  are  threatened  by  low- 
cost  housing.  Every  time  the  real  estate 
boys  try  to  "survey"  decent  housing  pro- 
grams to  death.  In  fact  they  sort  of  bring 
to  mind  the  story  of  the  persistent  salesman. 

All  afternoon  the  salesman  tried  to  see  a 
busy  tycoon.  Finally,  just  before  quitting 
time,  he  managed  to  elude  the  hired  help 
and  gain  admittance  to  the  Big  Wheel's 
office.  When  he  made  himself  known,  the 
tycoon  bellowed:  "A  salesman!  Young  man 
I'll  have  you  know  my  secretaries  threw  out 
thirteen  salesmen  this  afternoon." 


"I    know,' 
them." 


replied    the    salesman,    "I'm 


40.    -gCgpS-    ©  1950      <OllS.L    STAyi\A/lfz 


"My  husband  lost  his  census  when 
he  took  that  non-union  job!" 


SAFETY   LAST 

Something  like  five  hundred  men,  women 
and  children  were  killed  in  traffic  accidents 
over  the  fourth  of  July  week.  Countless 
other  thousands  were  crushed,  maimed  and 
crippled  by  autos  out  of  control.  Each  year 
traffic  ends  the  lives  of  more  people  than 
were  killed  in  any  war  year  except  one  or 
two.  Yet  war  casualties  create  resentment, 
horror  and  determination  to  save  lives,  while 
traffic  casualties  are  accepted  as  a  matter 
of  course. 

Statistics  prove  that  the  vast  bulk  of  all 
traffic  accidents  are  caused  by  human  care-' 
lessness.  War  casualties  are  inevitable;  traf- 
fic casualties  need  not  be. 

Among  the  most  vicious  killers  on  oi 
highways  and  streets  is  the  drunken  driver! 
For  years  tlie  National  Safety  Council  has 
had  a  motto  that  makes  good  sense;  namely, 
"Don't  drink  if  you  drive  and  don't  drive 
if  you  drink."  If  it  weren't  so  pathetically 
true  in  that  it  actually  happens  every  day, 
the  following  story  might  be  funny: 

Three  drunks  staggered  into  a  saloon. 
One  fell  flat  on  his  face  at  the  door,  the 
second  barely  made  a  table  and  sat  down 
and  the  third  managed  to  reach  the  bar. 

"Gimme  a  scotch  'n  soda,"  he  said,  and 
gesturing  toward  his  pal  at  the  table  added:" 
"And  he'll  have  a  rye  'n  ginger  ale." 

The  bartender  asked:  "What  about  your 
buddy  on  the  floor?" 

The  drunk  replied:  "Just  give  him  water,: 
he's  driving."  ■ 

*  •     * 
POETRY  DEPT. 

Theirs  was  a  beef  stew  marriage. 
If  you  don't  mind  descriptions  crude 

His  wife   is   always   beefing. 
And  the  husband  is  always  stewed. 

*  *     * 
AND  HE  WILL 

Every  week  sees  more  and  more  indepen 
dent  thinkers  in  the  Red-dominated  count- 
ries sent  to  the  gallows  or  tlie  slave  labor 
camps  after  trials  at  which  "clear-cut"  con- 
fessions are  produced. 

When  an  accused  man  behind  the  Iron 
Curtain  sees  his  "confession"  for  the  first 
time,  his  usual  reaction  is,  "Well,  I'll  be 
hanged."   And  nine  times  out  of  ten  he  is. 


THE    CARPENTER 


13 


I  THE  POT  AND  THE  KETTLE 

'  Following  the  great  depression  when 
banks  failed  left  and  right,  the  government 
set  up  the  Federal  Deposit  Insurance  Cor- 
poration to  prevent  such  happenings  in  the 
future.  National  banks  must  carry  F.D.I.C. 
insiu-ance  which  guarantees  all  individual 
deposits  up  to  $5,000,  For  this  the  banks 
pay  a  small  fee. 

Lately  banks  have  been  endeavoring  to 
wiggle  out  from  under  paying  the  premiums. 
A.  bill  already  passed  by  the  House  and 
Senate  would  give  the  banks  something  like 
sixty-eight  million  dollars  in  rebates  on  the 
premivims  they  paid  to  F.D.LC.  However, 
opponents  of  the  bill  have  not  given  up  the 
fight  yet.  Even  some  of  the  bankers  are 
beginning  to  think  it  would  be  bad  business 
to  undermine  confidence  in  F.D.I.C.  So 
there  is  a  squabble  on  among  the  bankers 
themselves  over  the  matter;  which,  pertin- 
ently or  not,  brings  to  mind  the  old  one 
about  the  couple  in  divorce  court.  She 
charged  he  was  such  a  stew  bum  he  hocked 
the  kitchen  stove  to  buy  booze,  and  he 
countered  by  insisting  she  was  such  a  poor 
housekeeper  the  stove  was  gone  three  weeks 
before  she  missed  it. 

*     *     * 

SORT  OF  FUTILE 

Although  prices  have  skyrocketed  steadily 
since  the  war  broke  out  in  Korea,  Congress 
has  as  yet  failed  to  take  any  eflfective  steps 
for  cuirbing  inflation.  There  is  lots  of  talk 
about  price  controls  and  excess  profit  taxes, 
but  as  this  was  being  written  (in  the  middle 
of  August)  the  profiteers  were  still  running 
bog  wild.  The  Tafts  and  the  Wherrys  are 
still  talking  about  "voluntary"  controls;  but 
voluntarism  insofar  as  profiteers  are  con- 
cerned is  about  as  effective  as  a  snowball 
in  a  well-known  place.  Somehow  or  other 
the  idea  of  Taft's  voluntarism  and  the  profi- 
teers' greed  getting  together  for  the  bene- 
fit of  the  working  people  properly  reminds 
us  of  the  lady  who  was  buying  one  of  those 
new  plastic  drinking  bowls  for  her  dog. 

When  she  had  selected  the  one  she  want- 
ed, the  clerk  suggested  that  it  might  be  nice 
to  have  something  like  "for  the  dog"  in- 
scribed on  the  side  of  the  bowl.  "Oh,  that 
.won't  be  necessary,"  replied  the  customer, 
"you  see,  my  husband  never  drinks  water 
and  the  dog  can't  read." 

That's  the  way  it  is  on  this  price  situation; 
I  the  profiteers  never  stop  trying  to  get  more 
out  of  the  customers  and  Taft  just  plain 
doesn't  give  a  dang. 


LET'S  HAVE  THE  TRUTH 

As  this  was  being  written,  the  outcome 
of  the  Korean  struggle  was  still  in  doubt. 
The  plain  fact  of  the  matter  is  that  we  were 
caught  with  our  britches  down.  And,  to 
our  way  of  thinking,  someone  ought  to  find 
out  why.  Sixty  billion  dollars  of  the  tax- 
payers money  was  spent  to  arm  the  nation 
in  tlie  four  years  since  the  end  of  World 
War  II— a  sum  equal  to  all  our  previous 
military  expenditures  up  to  and  including 
a  good  part  of  World  War  I.  Dulles,  Bradley 
and  Johnson,  our  three  top  defense  officials, 
were  in  Korea  only  a  few  days  before  the 
invasion.  Yet  for  all  the  money  we  spent  and 
the  brains  we  had  on  the  job,  the  invasion 
caught  us  unawares  and  unprepared.  Some- 
body somewhere  was  asleep  at  the  switch 
and  the  people  ought  to  know  who  and  why, 
and  where  the  billions  went. 

However,  the  possibility  that  an  open  and 
fair  investigation  might  take  place  is  very 
remote.  Critics  of  our  military  are  getting 
more  and  more  of  a  run  around.  Any 
questioning  of  military  Brass  and  the  poli- 
cies they  lay  down  is  more  and  more  get- 
ting to  be  "giving  comfort  to  the  enemy." 
Those  who  are  brash  enough  to  intimate  our 
Brass  is  less  than  perfect  soon  get  sat  on.  In 
fact  most  of  them  are  beginning  to  feel  like 
the  little  boy  who  rebelled  at  going  back  to 
school  after  his  first  day.  "What's  the  use?" 
he  said,  "I  can't  read  and  I  can't  write  and 
they  won't  let  me  talk  so  to  Heck  with  it." 


•-Li?  n  "-s* 

_57.        t53-giepl3-        ©I950    C^RL    ^TAMWiTZ^ 

"Psst-Boss!  Have  you  tried  to  collect 
a  kickback  from  any  of  your  crew 
since  they  organized?" 


14 


Gompers  On  Labor  Day 

(The  1921  Labor  Day  message  of  the  founder  and  first  president  of  the  AFL  m  Th 
American  Federationist  of  September  1921) 

*        * 

LABOR  DAY,  1921,  is  the  27th  annual  celebration  of  Labor  Day  as  a  leg£ 
national  holiday.  The  history  of  Labor  Day  is  significant  of  the  increas 
ing  strength  and  progress  of  labor.  Labor  Day  evolved  from  the  aspira 
tions  of  the  labor  movement;  it  was  not  handed  down  as  a  present.  Its  recogn; 
tion  as  a  legal  holiday  was  won  by  labor;  it  was  not  given  to  labor. 

The  united  voluntary  efforts  of  the  workers  themselves  established  Labo 
Day  as  a  national  holiday  long  before  any  state  legislature  or  the  nations 
legislature   enacted   the   custom   into     


statute  law. 

But  the  history  of  the  statute  law 
is  in  itself  significant;  it  indicates  the 
ever-increasing  influence  of  the  eco- 
nomic organizations  of  labor  over  the 
deliberations    of   political   legislators. 

The  Labor  Day  idea  was  originated 
by  P.  J.  McGuire,  the  founder  of  the 
Brotherhood  of  Carpen- 
ters and  Joiners,  and  for 
many  years  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Coun- 
cil of  the  American  Fed- 
eration of  Labor. 

At  the  meeting  of  the 
New  York  City  Central 
Labor  Union  held  on 
May  8,  1882,  McGuire 
urged  the  propriety  of 
setting  aside  one  day  in 
the  year  as  a  general 
holiday  for  the  laboring 
people.  He  suggested 
that  it  be  called  "Labor  Day." 

The  idea  was  adopted  by  the  Cen- 
tral Labor  Union  and  it  staged  a  La- 
bor Day  parade  and  festival  on  the 
first  Monday  in  September,   1882. 

The  American  Federation  of  Labor 
endorsed  the  national  Labor  Day  holi- 
day at  its  1884  convention,  held  at 
Chicago,    111.     The    convention    una- 


SAMUEL  GOMPERS 


nimously  adopted  the  following  res 
olution  introduced  by  A.  C.  Cameror 
delegate  from  the  Chicago  Trades  am 
Labor  Alliance: 

RESOLVED,    That    the    first 
Monday   in    September   of   each 
year  be  set  apart  as  a  laborers' 
national  holiday,  and  that  we  rec- 
ommend its  observ- 
ance   by  all    wage 
workers,     irrespec- 
tive of  sex,  calling, 
or  nationality. 
Through   the    activit 
of  the  state  federation 
of  labor  and  the  centra 
labor  bodies  the  Labo 
Day    demand    sprea( 
from   city    to    city    an( 
state  to  state. 

Many  municipal  coun 
cils    and    state    legislai 
tures    made    it    a   lega 
holiday. 

Oregon  was  the  first  state  to  ac 
cede  to  labor's  demand  that  Labo 
Day  be  made  a  state  holiday.  Tb 
Oregon  Labor  Day  law  was  signec 
by  the  governor  on  February  21,  1887 
The  legislatures  of  Colorado,  Mass£^ 
chusetts.  New  Jersey  and  New  York 
also  made  Labor  Day  a  state  holida; 


THE    CARPENTER 


15 


in  1887.  Connecticut,  Nebraska,  and 
Pennsylvania  followed  in  1889;  Iowa 
and  Ohio  in  1890;  Georgia,  Illinois, 
Indiana,  Kansas,  Maine,  Montana, 
New  Hampshire,  South  Carolina, 
Tennessee,  and  Washington  in  1891; 
Alabama,  Louisiana,  Utah,  and  Vir- 
ginia in  1892,  and  California,  Dela- 
ware, Florida,  Minnesota,  Rhode 
Island,  Texas,  and  Wisconsin  in  1893. 

In  the  meantime  the  officials  of  the 
American  Federation  of  Labor  sought 
congressional  legislation  to  make  La- 
bor Day  a  legal  national  holiday,  in 
conformity  with  the  resolution  of  the 
1884  convention.  The  bill  became  a 
law  10  years  later.  It  passed  Con- 
gress on  June  28,  1894. 

On  June  29,  1894,  President  Cleve- 
land signed  the  Labor  Day  law  in  the 
presence  of  Amos  J.  Cummings,  Rep- 
resentative in  Congress  from  New 
York  City.  Mr.  Cummings  presented 
the  pen  and  penholder  used  by  Presi- 
dent Cleveland  to  President  Gompers, 
who  still  cherishes  them  as  a  lasting 
memento  of  one  of  the  most  signal 
achievements  of  the  American  Labor 
movement. 

In  his  annual  report  to  the  1894 
American  Federation  of  Labor  con- 
vention, President  Gompers  an- 
nounced the  victory  for  labor: 

National  Labor  Day 
It  affords  me  pleasure  to  be 
able  to  report  that  the  demand 
made  by  the  American  Federation 
of  Labor  for  making  the  first 
Monday  in  September  of  each 
year  a  legal  holiday  passed  Con- 
gress and  was  made  a  law  on 
June  28,  1894. 

As  a  national  holiday,  Labor  Day 
has  a  profound  significance. 

It  typifies  the  struggles  of  the  work- 
ers to  free  themselves. 

Free  themselves  from  their  cruel 
and  unjust  environment.  Free  them- 
selves from  the  operations  of  the  so- 


called  "natural  economic  laws"  under 
which  the  owners  of  industry  rate  the 
labor  power  of  the  workers  as  a  com- 
modity subject  to  the  artificial  law  of 
supply  and  demand  and  all  the  other 
influences  of  the  commodity  market. 

Free  themselves  from  the  tyranny 
of  the  employer  autocracy  in  indus- 
try. 

Free  themselves  from  the  tyranny 
of  the  employer  state  in  government. 

Free  themselves  from  their  own  mis- 
understandings and  prejudices  so  that 
as  one  united  host  they  may  march 
forward  as  labor  for  the  attainment 
of  liberty  for  themselves  and  auto- 
matically for  all  others. 

Labor  Day  is  significant  for  its  con- 
ception of  life  and  the  standards  of 
life. 

It  stands  for  a  life  far  above  the 
slave  standard  camouflaged  as  cost- 
of-living  wages. 

It  stands  for  an  equitable  share  of 
the  wealth  in  the  production  of  which 
its  own  energies  are  the  most  essen- 
tial elements. 

It  stands  for  a  life  not  limited  by 
the  mere  necessities  of  existence. 

It  stands  for  a  fuller  childhood,  a 
nobler  womanhood  and  manhood— a 
life  unblemished  with  the  constant 
worries  of  threatened  economic  secu- 
rity in  a  world  overflowing  with  actual 
or  potential  wealth. 

Labor  Day  signifies  the  joy  of  labor. 

Joy  in  the  numerical  strength  of 
labor's  organizations;  for  increasing 
organized  numbers  leads  to  the  eco- 
nomic unity  of  the  workers,  without 
which  labor's  full  ambitions  must  ever 
lack  their  goal. 

Joy  in  the  consciousness  of  labor's 
prupose;  for  the  cause  of  labor  is  the 
cause  of  mankind. 

Joy  in  the  knowledge  of  the  ulti- 
mate victory  of  labor's  efforts;  for 
justice,   and  right,  and  liberty   must 


16 


THE    CARPENTER 


finally   triumph    over   the    cohorts    of 
injustice,  and  wrong,   and  tyrann\\ 

Joy  for  labor's  victories  already 
won;  for  victor}'  engenders  new  en- 
ergy' and  new  determination  and  new 
forces  to  earn,-  labor's  principles  fur- 
ther and  further  into  unconquered 
fields. 

Jo}-  in  the  lessons  of  labor's  defeats; 
for  labor  is  ne\"er  defeated.  Labor 
may  be  temporarily  set  back.  Labor 
may  sometimes  retreat.  But  in  set- 
back and  retreat  labor  studies  its  de- 
fects, discovers  its  weaknesses,  fills 
up  its  ranks  and  marches  back  to  the 
economic  battlefront  with  unwavering 
lines  and  invincible  battalions. 

Labor  Day  is  labor's  demonstration 
of  tolerance;  for  labor  does  not  cele- 
brate Labor  Day  as  men.  as  women, 
as  races,  as  pohtical  partisans,  as  re- 
hgious  partisans.  Labor  celebrates 
Labor  Day  without  distinction  as  to 
creed,  politics,  sex  or  race.  Labor 
Day  demonstrates  that  although  the 
workers  may  be  di\'ided  on  social,  po- 
litical or  religious  questions,  the\'  are 
united  as  workers  and  have  long  since 
learned  that  if  they  ever  fail  they 
fail  because  they  are  di\dded. 

Labor  Day  stands  for  labor's 
achievements  through  the  ages. 

It  s\Tnbolizes  labor's  struggle  up- 
ward and  onward  toward  liberty',  to- 
ward freedom,  toward  justice,  toward 
equalit}-.  toward  opportunit}'— toward 
life  in  all  its  fullness. 

Upward  from  the  time  when  as 
chattel  slaves  the  workers  were 
bought  and  sold  as  the  private  prop- 
erty' of  the  master. 

Upward  from  the  time  when  as 
serfs  the  workers  were  likewise  the 
private  propert>-  of  the  feudal  lords 
and  bought  and  sold  as  inseparable 
parts  of  the  feudal  estates. 

Onward  from  the  time  when  as 
"free"  laborers  their  labor  organiza- 
tions were  legaU\-  and  judicially  out- 


lawed as  conspiracies  against  the  wel- 
fare of  the  state  and  societ}'. 

Onward  from  the  time  when  their 
political  overlords  deprived  them  of 
all  voice  in  the  government  by  means 
of  propert}'  franchise  qualifications. 

Onward  from  the  time  when  their 
children  were  slowly  killed  in  the 
fetid  air  of  the  textile  mills. 

L'pwardI  OnwardI  Upward  and  on- 
ward toward  complete  industrial,  po- 
litical and  social  emancipation— this 
is  labor's  achievement,  signalized  by 
Labor  Day. 

Labor  Day  stands  for  labor's  faith. 
Faith  in  -\merica.  Faith  in  her  in- 
stitutions. Faith  in  her  democracy. 
Faith  in  her  representative  govern- 
ment. And  above  all.  Labor  Day 
stands  for  faith  in  the  workers.  Faith 
in  their  abilit)'  and  determination  to 
show  the  world  that  within  the  field 
of  democracy  labor  can  forge  its  way 
straight  ahead  and  strike  from  its 
path  the  barriers  of  reaction,  greed, 
oppression  and  t}Tanny  wherever 
found  and  by  whoever  planted. 

Labor  Day  stands  for  peace;  for 
labor  has  always  demanded  peace. 
Peace  between  nations;  peace  between 
peoples.  Peace  in  industn,'.  Peace 
ever\-where.  Even  now  and  because 
of  its  own  efforts  labor  sees  the  com- 
ing of  the  time  when  armies  and 
naNies  and  every  semblance  of  mili- 
tarism shall  be  known  onl)^  as  histor)'. 
Labor  will  live  to  see  the  day  when 
at  labor's  demand  the  di\ine  decree, 
"Thou  shalt  not  kill,"  wlU.  become  a 
hving  fact. 

And  Labor  Day  stands  for  freedom. 
For  freedom  attained  and  freedom 
demanded. 

The  workers  can  be  completely  free. 
They  ha\'e  the  strength  to  free  them- 
selves. The\-  have  the  latent  power 
to  establish  justice  and  right.  But 
latent  power  is  useless  unless  it  is 
developed  and  used. 


THE    CARPENTER  17 

The  goal  is  freedom.    The  way  is  code  is  justice,  equality,  democracy, 
organization.  The  slogan  is  unity.  No  opportunity,    liberty,    and    freedom- 
sect,   no   sex,   no  party,   no  race    no  freedom  for  labor  and  for  all  man- 
creed;  for  the  slogan  is  unity,  and  the  i  .    i 
goal    is    freedom.     Labor's    freedom 
through    labor's    code.     And    labor's         All  hail  to  Labor  Day,  1921! 


RED  PEACE  DOVE  IS  LEAD  PIGEON 

The  AFL  Executive  Council  last  month  condemned  the  "Stockholm  Peace  Petition" 
of  the  Communists  as  a  "rank  fraud." 

"Moscow's  dove  of  peace  is  only  a  lead  pigeon,"  the  council  said.  It  urged  every 
American  to  refuse  to  sign  the  petition. 

Almost  all  of  the  North  Koreans  were  forced  to  sign  it  before  their  Russian  masters 
sent  them  into  war  against  the  United  Nations,  the  council  said.  Following  is  the  text 
of  the  council  statement: 

The  American  Federation  of  Labor  condemns  the  so-called  Stockholm  peace  appeal  as 
a.  rank  fraud. 

We  urge  every  working  man  and  working  woman  to  spurn  the  peddlers  of  this  spurious 
petition. 

We  call  upon  every  loyal  American,  every  true  lover  of  peace,  to  refuse  to  sign  or 
circulate  it. 

We  cannot  urge  too  strongly  every  self-respecting  American  to  treat  those  who  are 
the  organizers  of  this  "Stockholm  movement"  and  the  pvuveyors  of  its  petitions  as  enemies 
of  the  American  people  operating  under  false  colors. 

Not  only  in  far  ofiF  Korea  do  enemies  of  the  American  people  disguise  themselves  as 
'  Americans.  In  our  own  country,  in  our  factories,  shops,  offices,  churches,  schools  and  on 
i  our  streets,  enemies  of  America  also  disguise  themselves  and  pose  as  Americans. 

Camouflage  is  a  Communist  weapon  of  war  which  can  be  just  as  deadly  against  our 
sons  and  brothers  in  the  U.  S.  as  in  Korea.    The  so-called  Stockholm  petition  is  precisely 
>  such  a  weapon. 

The  fake  peace  petition  does  not  oppose  all  aggresion  with  all  weapons.  It  singles 
out  only  one  weapon— the  one  in  which  our  country  still  holds  the  lead  and  which  pro- 
vides our  country  and  the  other  democracies  with  a  measure  of  mihtary  security  against 
tlie  gigantic  Russian  war  machine. 

Unhke  America  and  the  other  democracies,  totalitarian  Russia  never  demobilized 
its  fighting  forces  at  the  end  of  World  War  II  in  1945. 
j.  Were  these  fake  peace  maneuvers  to  succeed,  were  the  U.  S.  to  fall  into  the  Russian 
f'  bear  trap  of  banning  atomic  weapons— while  Russia  rejects  America's  plan  for  their 
effective  international  inspection,  control  and  elimination— the  possibility  for  Communist 
world  domination  by  the  Soviets  would  be  enormously  enhanced.  That  is  just  what  the 
petition-promoters  and  the  sinister  signature-seekers  want. 

As  long  as  the  democracies  have  atomic  superiority,  the  Russian  war-lords  fear  and 
hesitate  to  use  their  own  massive  armies  as  direct  instruments  of  aggresion  and  conquest. 
They  rely  instead  on  Chinese,  North  Korean,  Indo-Chinese,  anti-democratic  Germans 
and  other  puppets  and  satellites  for  extending  totalitarian  tyranny  and  engaging  in  ad- 
venturist aggression. 

Since  the  pohcy  of  our  country  has  been  not  to  use  atomic  weapons  against  satellite 
aggressors  and  since  the  democracies  have— under  the  Marshall  Plan  the  Point  Four- 
mobilized  for  peace  and  are  unprepared  for  war,  Moscow  figures  that  its  indirect,  yet 
wanton,  aggression  can  proceed  unchecked. 

Clearly,  the  so-called  peace  petitions   seek   to   ban  America's   use   of  atomic   weapons 
'  in  order  to  enable  Russia  to  catch  up  with  and  surpass  our  country  in  this  field  and  to 
aid   Moscow's    catspaw  aggressors    by   rallying   public    sentiment    against   the    U.    S.    ever 
using  such  weapons  against  them. 

Cruel  confirmation  of  this  strategy  of  the  Stockholm  petitioners  is  at  hand  in  Korea. 

That  is  why  the  Communist  drive  for  signatures  coincides  with  the   Moscow-directed  in- 

^  vasion  of  South  Korea.    It  was  carefully  planned  to  hide  and  help  the  brutal  aggression 

'  of  tlie  Soviet  dictators  against  the  people  of  Korea,  the  American  people  and  the  United 

Nations  as  an  effective  agency  of  world  peace. 


* 


18 


CINCINNATI-^^z;^//  Hilltops 


IN  1788,  there  was  born  on  the  banks  of  the  Ohio  a  brawling,  two-fisted 
lusty  babe  of  a  city,  a  frontier  infant  destined  to  become  the  hybrid  Paris- 
Athens  of  the  middle-west.  A  Revolutionary  War  soldier,  Arthur  St.  Clair, 
named  it  Cincinnati,  in  honor  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnatus,  an  organization 
of  revolutionary  fighters  which  included  Lafayette  himself. 

According  to  legend,  the  first  city  was  built  on  seven  hills,  but  it  has  long 
since  spread  beyond  its  historic  borders.  The  Cincinnati  riverfront  stretches 
along  two  giant  bends  of  the  Ohio  River,  a  ten-mile  long  stage  for  sports  and 
industry.  The  city's  metropolitan  area 


includes  seven  counties— Hamilton, 
Warren  and  Butler  in  Ohio;  Kenton, 
Campbell  and  Boone  in  Kentucky; 
and  Dearborn  in  Indiana.  It  is  sit- 
uated in  the  center  of  industrial  Ohio, 
agricultural  Indiana  and  the  con- 
vival  hospitality  of  Kentucky.  The 
heart  of  this  whole  midwestem  em- 
pire is  Fountain  Square,  a  block- 
long  concrete  esplanade  built 
around  a  heroic  bronze  statue  of 
the  Goddess  of  Waters. 

Cincinnati  is  the  most  compact 
metropolis  on  the  face  of  the  earth. 
Its  theaters,  its  fashionable  shops, 
its  transportation  terminals,  its 
most  beautiful  clubs  are  within  a 
few  blocks  of  each  other  in  a  down- 
town district  hemmed  in  by  the 
slanting  banks  of  the  Ohio  River. 
Vine  street  in  one  of  the  most  his- 
toric streets  east  of  the  Mississippi. 
In  its  day  it  was  crammed  with 
saloons  in  the  old  tradition— ma- 
hogany bars  topped  with  portraits 
of  fleshy  nudes,  the  shiniest  of 
brass  rails,  the  largest  of  foaming 
steins.  Vine  still  is  the  longest  of 
Cincinnati's  streets  and  it  still  is  de- 
voted to  good  food  and  good  drink. 
Vine  Street  is  the  dividing  line  for  all 
east-west  streets  in  Cincinnati.  All 
north-south  streets  run  from  the  Ohio 


River.  Virtually  every  bus  line  or  car 
line  in  the  city  has  its  terminal  on 
Fountain  Square  or  on  Government 
Square,  which  are  situated  in  the  two 
blocks  between  Main  and  Vine  Streets 
on  Fifth  Street. 


Skyline  from  the  river 

Cincinnati  is  a  well-informed  and 
well-educated  city— it  has  three  daily 
newspapers  and  five  radio  stations. 
It  has  two  institutions  of  higher  learn- 


THE    CARPENTER 


Cincinnati  Union  Terminal— A  Famous   Showplace 


Home  of  the  Cincinnati  Reds 


20 


THE    CARPENTER 


ing,  the  Universit}'  of  Cincinnati— sec- 
ond largest  in  Ohio— and  Xavier  Uni- 
versity-operated by  the  Jesuit  Order. 
It  is  one  of  the  few  cities  to  boast  two 
radio  stations  of  50,000-watt  cahber 
-WLW,  WCKY.  The  other  three  are 
WSAI,  operated  by  Marshall  Field; 
WCPO,  the  Scripps-Howard  station; 
and  WKRC,  operated  by  the  Taft 
family. 

The  lif  eblood  of  Cincinnati  is  trans- 
portation.   It  is  served  by  seven  rail- 


Famous  Fountain  Square 

roads,  three  airlines,  and  by  uncount- 
able river  craft  which  ply  the  busy 
Ohio.  Its  rail  terminal  is  considered 
the  most  beautiful  in  the  United 
States.  It  has  but  recently  opened  a 
new  airport  comparable  to  the  best 
anywhere  in  the  world. 

Its  riverfront  is  one  of  the  great 
harbors  of  the  Ohio.  From  Cincin- 
nati leave  the  only  packet  boats  left 
on  this  placid  river  through  the  heart 
of  America.  Here  are  great  oil  and 
freight  terminals,  and  depots  from 
which   the    entire    northwest   is    sup- 


plied with  coal.  From  here  also 
leaves  the  Island  Queen,  one  of  the 
few  excursion  boats  left  on  the  Ohio. 
All  these  are  forms  of  transporta- 
tion which  one  is  likely  to  see  in  any 
modem  city.  Cincinnati,  however, 
can  go  one  better,  the  inclined  plane. 
This  is  a  city  of  hills,  it  is  impossible 
to  leave  the  downtown  section  along 
the  river  front  without  climbing  a 
hill.  To  overcome  this,  the  early  trans- 
portation companies  built  inclines- 
miniature  railway's  equipped  to  go 
almost  straight  up.  One  of  these 
inclines  still  is  operating  on  Mt. 
Adams.  Street  cars  and  autos  are 
loaded  on  a  platform  which  is 
hauled  up  the  hillside  by  huge 
steel  cables.  The  trip  oflFers  the 
traveller  his  best  view  of  the  down- 
town Cincinnati. 

This  landmark  is  in  downtown 
Cincinnati,  which  believes  in  pre- 
servdng  its  historic  spots  despite 
the  demands  of  traffic  or  expanding 
business.  James  Garfield  and  Wil- 
liam Henr\'  Harrison  are  honored 
with  parks  and  imposing  statues  in 
downtown  Cincinnati.  L}i:le  Park 
and  one  of  the  city's  most  exclu- 
sive apartment  sections  is  on  the 
edge  of  the  business  section.  L\tle 
Park  also  is  the  site  of  the  huge 
Christmas  crib  erected  every  year 
by  the  W^'estem  and  Southern  Life 
Insurance  Co. 

Although  rated  as  one  of  the  most 
highly  industrialized  cities  in  the  mid- 
dle west,  Cincinnati  is  nevertheless 
a  veritable  paradise  for  those  seeking 
recreation.  Coney  Island,  one  of  the 
finest  playgrounds  in  the  nation,  is 
but  a  few  miles  out  of  the  city  by 
car,  bus  or  excursion  boat.  Here  one 
can  find  virtually  any  kind  of  amuse- 
ment one  desires,  including  swim- 
ming in  a  4,000,000  gallon  recirculat- 
ing pool.  Cincinnati  is  the  home  of 
the  Reds,  a  National  League  ball 
team  that   is   always  feared   and  re- 


THE    CARPENTER  21 

spected  throughout  the  majors.    The  far  and  wide   as  "the  friendly  city". 

Cincinnati  zoo  is  famous  for  its  sum-  Delegates   to   the   Twenty-sixth   Gen- 

mer  concerts  as  well  as  for  its  excep-  eral  Convention  will  undoubtedly  join 

tional    zoological    exhibits.     Shows,  the  millions  of  Cincinnati  vistors  who 

parks  and  night  clubs  offer  recreation  sing    its    praises   whenever    charming 

and  amusement  to   suit   every  taste,  cities  become  the  topic  of  conversa- 

And  to  top  it  all,  Cincinnati  is  known  tion. 


New  BLS  Tables  Measure  Work  Life  of  U.  S.  Men 

The  U.  S.  Labor  Department's  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  reported  a  major 
statistical  achievement:  the  development  of  actuarial  tables  showing  how 
many  more  years  an  average  American  man  can  expect  to  work. 

The  new  Tables  of  Working  Life  measure  the  growing  gap  between  the 
span  of  life  for  men  in  the  United  States  and  the  years  they  can  expect  to  keep 
profitably  employed. 

The  total  life  expectancy  of  an  average  20-year-old  white  male  worker 
increased  5/2  years  between  1900  and  1940,  the  tables  show,  but  his  work- 
life  expectancy  rose  only  2/2  years.  The  number  of  years  which  he  could 
expect  in  retirement  doubled  in  this  period— from  2.8  to  5.7  years.  If  this 
trend  continues,  BLS  points  out,  the  gap  between  total  life  expectancy  and 
work-life  expectancy  will  have  tripled  between  1900  and  1975. 

The  average  20-year-old  white  rural  worker  in  1940  could  expect  to  work 
I  almost  3  years  more  than  an  urban  worker,  according  to  the  tables.  The 
non-white  20-year-old  worker  had  an  average  future  work-life  expectancy 
(almost  6  years  less  than  the  white  worker. 

i  ,  Motivated  by  the  fact  that  older  people  make  up  an  increasing  proportion 
lof  the  population,  the  Bureau  began  work  on  its  tables  in  1945.  It  is  now 
:  developing  work-life  tables  for  women. 

I  In  addition  to  use  in  studying  the  economic  problem  of  dependency  in  old 
'age,  the  tables  will  help  in  increasing  long-range  employment  opportunities 
in  various  occupations.  The  tables  will  also  be  valuable  in  vocational 
'guidance.  By  estimating  the  number  of  workers  who  will  probably  die  or 
Tetire  in  specific  fields  of  employment,  use  of  the  tables  wiU  help  channel  new 
■iVOrkers  into  occupations  with  high  replacement  needs. 

'  The  Bureau  will  soon  publish  a  bulletin  on  Tables  of  Working  Life  (BLS 
Bulletin  No.  1001).  Also,  beginning  with  the  August  issue,  a  series  of  five 
[articles  on  the  subject  will  appear  in  the  BLS  Monthly  Labor  Review. 

Announcement  of  the  tables  followed  shortly  after  the   closing   of  tlie 
^National  Conference  on  Aging,  held  by  the  Federal  Security  Agency  on  Au- 
gust 13-15.    The  conference  was  called  in  response  to  President  Truman's 
equest  to  explore  the  problems  connected  with  the  steady  increase  of  older 
persons  in  the  Nation's  population. 


22 


U.  B.  Pioneered  8-Hour  Day 


FOR  almost  seventy  years,  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and 
Joiners  of  America  has  been  one  of  the  cornerstones  of  the  American 
labor  movement.  Although  organized  only  a  few  months  previously,  our 
Brotherhood  nevertheless  was  one  of  the  organizations  which  played  an  im- 
portant role  in  the  formation  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor.  In  1881, 
Peter  J.  McGuire,  a  key  figure  in  the  formation  of  the  Brotherhood,  also  acted 
as  a  sparkplug  in  the  instituting  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor.  Ever 
since,  our  Brotherhood  has  been  in  the  forefront  in  every  struggle  designed 
to  make  this  a  better  world  for  all  to  hve  in.  A  shining  example  of  the  leader- 
ship offered  by  our  Brotherhood  can 


be  found  in  musty  old  records  that 
chronicle  the  establishment  of  the 
universal  eight-hour  day. 

Throughout  the  1870's  and  early 
1880's  the  ten-hour  day  was  preva- 
lent in  most  of  the  construction  in- 
dustry. A  few  of  the  larger  cities 
boasted  of  the  nine-hour  day  but  they 
were  distinctly  in  the  minority.  Prac- 
tically aU  manufacturing  and  factory 
work  was  on  a  ten-hour  day  or  more. 
Demand  for  a  universal  eight-hour 
day  was  strong.  At  almost  every  la- 
bor convention  the  shorter  work  day 
got  a  good  deal  of  attention.  Until 
1886  all  efforts  to  gain  such  a  conces- 
sion were  fruitless.  In  that  year  the 
carpenters  in  downtown  Chicago  man- 
aged to  gain  a  straight  eight-hour  day. 
Naturally  they  were  the  envy  of  the 
whole  labor  movement.  That  they  got 
such  a  shorter  work  day  was  a  credit 
to  their  unity  and  determination. 
However,  that  they  held  it  in  the  face 
of  numerous  lockouts,  discharges,  etc. 
that  followed  is  an  even  greater  feath- 
er in  their  cap.  Through  thick  and 
through  thin  and  against  all  sorts  of 
employer  pressure  the  Chicago  crafts- 
men held  on  to  their  newly-won 
gains. 

The  success  of  the  Chicago  car- 
penters naturally  heartened  the  entire 


labor  movement.  At  each  succeeding 
convention  of  the  American  Federa- 
tion of  Labor  the  eight-hour  day  got 
more  and  more  attention.  At  the  1889 
convention  of  the  Federation,  held  in 
Boston,  it  was  determined  that  a  con- 
certed move  should  be  made  to  make 
the  eight-hour  day  universal.  A  pro-if 
gram  was  drawn  up  to  allow  the  Ex- 
ecutive Council  to  select  one  trade  at 
a  time  to  make  the  bid  for  an  indus- 
try-wide eight  hour  day.  Meeting  in 
New  York  City  in  March  of  the 
next  year,  the  Federation's  Executive 
Council  selected  our  Brotherhood  as 
the  organization  best  prepared  to 
make  such  a  bid.  The  following  let- 
ter from  Sam  Gompers,  Federation 
president,  teUs  the  whole  story: 

AMERICAN    FEDERATION    OF    LABOR 
March  20,  1890 
P.  J.  McGuire,  General  Secretary 
United    Brotherhood    of    Carpenters    & 
Joiners  of  America 
124  North  Ninth  Street 
Philadelphia,   Pa. 
Dear  Sir  and  Brother: 

Pursuant  to  instructions  from  the 
Boston  Convention  of  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor,  to  the  Executive 
Council,  to  select  a  trade  to  make  a 
demand  for  the  eight-hour  work-day 
May  1,  1890,  I  beg  to  inform  you 
that  at  the  meeting  of  the   Executive 


I 


THE    CARPENTER 


23 


Council  of  the  A.  F.  of  L.,  held  in 
the  city  of  New  York,  March  17,  1890, 
the  following  resolutions  were  adopted 
upon  tliis   question: 

"Resolved,  That  we  hereby  select  the 
United  Brotlierhood  of  Carpenters  and 
Joiners  of  America  to  make  the  move- 
ment for  eight  hours  as  a  day's  work 
on  May  1,  1890,  and  \vill  sustain  tliem 
in  such  locahties  as  tlie  Executive 
Board  of  the  said  organization  may 
select  to  make  the  movement;  and 
next  after  them  we  will  sustain  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America  in 
making  a  mo\ement  to  establish  the 
eight-hour  workday  on  such  date  as 
the  executive  officers  may  select  as 
most  advantageous  to  the  interests  of 
tlieir  trade.  Then  we  will  select  and 
sustain  each  and  every  trade  in  con- 
tinuous succession  as  rapidly  as  they 
can  perfect  their  organizations  and  pre- 
pare to  make  the  demand". 

Permit  me,  dear  sir,  on  behalf  of 
.the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  to 
congratulate  yoiur  grand  Brotherhood 
upon  the  proud  distinction  imparted, 
convej'ed  and  implied  in  being  chosen 
as  tlie  best  disciplined,  appropriate 
and  determined  to  lead  the  movement 
for  a  reduction  in  the  hours  of  labor 
to  eight  per  day. 

There  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind  tliat 
few  of  the  historians  of  the  great  events 
in  the  history  of  the  development  of 
our  people  will  accord  a  higher  place 
of  honor  and  distinction  than  to  the 
United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and 
Joiners   of  America. 


Sincerely  hoping  and  expecting  that 
success  may  crown  our  efforts  and  that 
hereafter  the  wage  workers  may  be 
placed  upon  tlie  more  advantageous 
ground  of  the  eight-hour  workday,  so 
that  all  may  be  prepared  for  the  great 
struggles  yet  in  store  to  ameliorate  the 
condition   of  the   working   classes. 

Fraternally  yours, 
(Signed)         Samuel  Gompers,  President 
American   Federation   of    Labor 

Our  Brotherhood  accepted  the  re- 
sponsibility. Throughout  the  length 
and  breadth  of  the  land,  carpenters 
began  demanding  the  eight-hour  day. 
Some  succeeded  and  others  failed, 
but  all  profited  from  the  move.  Many 
of  the  cities  that  had  nine-hours  per 
day  cut  them  to  eight.  Others  that 
had  the  ten-hour  day  cut  them  to 
nine.  And  those  carpenters  who  did 
not  succeed  in  getting  their  hours  cut 
managed  to  get  increases  in  wages. 
So,  although  all  carpenters  did  not  get 
the  eight-hour  day  at  once,  they  all 
managed  to  make  capital  out  of  the 
nation-wide  move.  And  the  fight  they 
put  up  laid  the  ground\^'ork  for  the 
universal  eight-hour  day.  Area  by 
area  and  industry  by  industry  capitu- 
lated to  the  eight-hour  day  drive,  a 
drive  that  got  its  impetus  and  moti- 
vating force  from  the  Brotherhood 
members  of  that  day. 


HOUSTON  HOLDS  2nd  APPRENTICE  GPvADUATING  CEREMONIES 

In  a  joint  ceremony  held  in  the  Cr\'stal  Ballroom  of  tlie  Rice  Hotel,  June  1st,  some 
hundred-odd  young  men  finishing  up  their  apprenticeship  training— including  some  twenty- 
six  carpenters— were  welcomed  into  journeyman  status  by  civic  officials,  school  autliorities 
.  and  labor  representatives  of  tlie  Houston,  Texas,  area.  Starting  with  a  fine  steak  dinner 
and  ending  up  witli  some  inspirational  speaking,  tlie  entire  evening  was  devoted  to  paying 
tribute  to  the  fine  group  of  young  men  who  had  the  determination  and  courage  to  com- 
plete their  apprenticeship  courses.  It  was  tlie  second  such  affair  devoted  to  welcoming 
graduating  apprentices  into  the  building  trades. 

Herman  Engel,  sales  manager  of  the  Houston  Fat  Stock  Show,  acted  as  master  of 
ceremonies.  Featured  speaker  of  the  evening  was  James  R.  D.  Eddy  of  the  University  of 
Texas.  Glenn  Fletcher  acted  as  program  chairman.  The  invocation  was  by  Rev.  T.  P. 
O'Rourke.  Invited  guests  included,  tlie  Hon.  Oscar  W.  Holcombe,  Mayor  of  the  Cit>',  and 
numerous  officials  from  the  Houston  Board  of  Education,  employer  and  employe  associa- 
'tions,  educational  services.  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  newspapers  and  radio  stations. 
With  a  large  nimiber  of  them  present,  the  occasion  took  on  the  flavor  of  a  truly  civic 
project. 

Highlight  of  the  evening  was  presentation  of  certificates  to  the  young  men  finishing 
their  apprenticeship  training.  Houston  has  been  in  the  forefront  of  those  comr--- unities 
which  are  determined  tliat  their  young  people  shall  have  an  opportunity  to  acquire  the 
,kind  of  education  that  will  serve  them  well  all  their  lives. 


Editorial 


Is  There  Only  One  Set  of  Laws? 

As  this  was  being  written,  the  House  Committee  on  Lobbying  was  still  mak- 
ing a  valiant  but  futile  effort  to  discover  just  exactly  how  a  number  of  Big  Busi- 
ness lobbies  operate  and  how  they  are  financed.  Up  to  this  time  it  has  made 
very  little  progress.  Men  like  Rumley,  power  behind  the  throne  of  the  Com- 
mittee for  Constitutional  Government  and  its  numerous  "front"  organizations, 
were  still  openly  defying  the  Committee  and  refusing  to  give  the  Committee 
the  information  it  wants. 

Readers  of  this  journal  will  recall  an  article  in  last  month's  issue  disclos- 
ing how  defiant  these  men  have  been.  Much  of  their  cockiness  stems  from 
the  fact  that  men  like  Halleck  of  Indiana  and  Brown  of  Ohio  are  on  the  com- 
mittee. Hammer  and  tongs,  these  staunch  yes-men  of  Big  Business  have  tried 
to  nullify  the  effectiveness  of  the  probe  into  lobbying,  a  multi-million  dollar 
business  the  way  Big  Business  plays  it  these  days.  Recently  the  daily  papers 
have  taken  up  the  hue  and  cry  too.  The  Committee  is  being  ripped  up  one 
side  and  down  the  other  for  daring  to  ask  lobby  heads  and  corporation  heads 
some  straightforward  questions,  the  answers  to  which  might  be  embarrassing. 
This  is  a  violation  of  the  constitution  and  an  invasion  of  privacy,  the  papers 
are  screaming. 

,  However,  these  same  papers  were  editorially  rubbing  their  hands  in  glee 
when  Congress  passed  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  which  requires  unions  to  account 
for  all  political  income  and  expenditures  of  ten  dollars  or  more.  They  were 
also  jubilant  when  a  Congressional  committee  sent  to  jail  a  number  of  pinko- 
stinko  Hollywood  writers  and  movie  makers  who  refused  to  answer  some 
straightforward  questions.  Now,  when  lobbies  financed  and  operated  by  Big- 
Business,  come  up  for  some  of  the  same  treatment,  the  papers  wave  the  con- 
stitution and  wrap  the  flag  around  themselves.  In  common  with  a  lot  of  other 
people  and  publications,  this  journal  has  been  waiting  in  vain  for  the  report 
of  fines  and  jail  sentences  being  handed  out  to  lobby  and  corporation  heads 
who  literally  tell  the  Congressional  committee  to  go  jump  in  the  lake. 

Recently  the  Progressive  Magazine— an  honorable  old  journal  started  by 
old  Bob  LaFollette,  Sr.,  and  in  no  way  connected  with  the  present-day  Pro- 
gressive Party,  printed  an  interesting  expose  of  lobbying  conditions  as  they 
really  exist.  Written  by  Cilbert  Geis,  a  writer  who  has  been  around  and 
knows  his  stuff,  the  Progressive  article  charged  that  the  National  Association  of 
Manufacturers  spends  on  an  average  one  million  dollars  a  day  for  "propa-' 
ganda",  the  basic  philosophy  of  which  is  that  only  that  which  is  good  for 
business  is  good  for  people.  Some  of  the  propaganda,  implies  Geis,  is  so 
clever  that  millions  are  taken  in  without  ever  realizing  it.  Geis  defines  "prop- 
aganda" by  quoting  Professor  Leonard  Doob  of  Cornell  who  identifies  it  as 
follows:  "Propaganda  means  the  attempt  to  affect  the  personalities  and  to  con-| 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

trol  the  behavior  of  individuals   toward   ends   considered  unscientific  or   of 
doubtful  value  in  a  society  at  a  particular  time." 

Looking  into  the  fifty-five  year  old  record  of  the  NAM,  Geis  finds  little 
therein  of  which  the  association  can  be  proud.  He  shows  that  the  NAM  vig- 
orously opposed  child  labor  laws  when  they  were  in  the  making.  It  frowned 
on  unlimited  educational  opportunities  for  all  children  when  the  matter  was 
being  considered  in  Washington.  It  predicted  ruin  for  business  if  a  shorter 
work  week  was  enacted.  It  propagandized  against  Social  Security  and  vir- 
tually every  other  piece  of  legislation  that  introduced  social  and  economic 
reforms  for  the  benefit  of  the  ordinary  people.  The  NAM  spends  a  tremen- 
dous amount  each  year  on  films,  clip  sheets,  newspaper  and  magazine  adver- 
tising, and  particularly  in  trying  to  reach  the  teachers  and  their  pupils  in 
their  schools. 

With  the  right  of  the  NAM,  CCG  and  other  business  groups  to  petition 
Congress  and  even  to  lobby  there  is  no  quarrel.  In  its  own  way  with  its  very 
limited  resources,  organized  labor  carries  on  similar  activities.  But  there  is 
this  difference.  Labor  operates  openly  and  aboveboard.  The  Taft-Hartley 
Law  makes  it  mandatory  for  unions  to  bi-annually  report  all  political  expen- 
ditures of  ten  dollars  or  more.  The  business  lobbies  have  been  operating  in 
the  dark,  and  now  that  the  House  Committee  threatens  to  throw  some  light 
on  their  activities  they  are  squealing  pitifully.  What  seems  to  be  a  well- 
financed,  well-coordinated  campaign  is  already  under  way  to  discredit  and 
undermine  the  investigating  committee.  And  wouldn't  it  be  interesting  to 
know  who  is  financing  and  backing  this  one? 

In  any  event,  it  appears  that  a  showdown  is  inevitable— a  showdown  from 
which  the  people  will  find  out  if  there  is  a  single  set  of  laws  in  this  nation  or 
two  sets,  one  for  the  corporations  and  their  lobbying  organizations,  and 
another  for  the  working  people  and  the  unions  they  belong  to. 


A  Shining  Example 

Death  last  month  robbed  Canada  of  one  of  its  great  statesman  of  all  time. 
Although  out  of  office  through  voluntary  retirement  at  the  time  of  his  pass- 
ing, William  Lyon  Mackenzie  King  left  behind  him  a  magnificent  record  of 
service  as  Prime  Minister.  Throughout  the  war  and  the  trying  years  that  pre- 
ceded it,  Mackenzie  King  guided  the  destinies  of  Canada  with  a  firm  and  sure 
hand.  Sympathetic,  understanding  and  genuinely  humane,  Mr,  King  enjoyed 
a  national  popularity  that  has  seldom  been  equalled. 

His  passing  added  lustre  to  his  already  illustrous  name.  In  a  will  that  will 
take  its  place  among  the  great  literature  of  our  time.  Mr.  King  bequeathed  all 
the  worldly  goods  he  acquired  while  in  the  service  of  the  people  back  to  the 
people.  A  simple  and  unassuming  man,  Mr.  King  lived  frugally  all  his  life. 
Very  carefully  he  husbanded  all  the  wealth  he  received  while  holding  public 
office.  In  his  will  he  bequeathed  it  all  back  to  the  citizens  of  Canada,  for  he 
considered  himself  nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  trustee  of  such  wealth  during 
his  lifetime.  Better  than  anything  else  that  could  be  written,  the  following 
paragraph  from  his  will  outlines  the  philosophy  he  lived  by: 


26  THE    CARPENTER 

"It  has  always  seemed  to  me  that  the  highest  joy  in  life  is  to 
he  found  in  some  public  service;  that  instead  of  the  State  being 
indebted  to  the  one  who  gives  of  his  time  and  means  to  the 
country's  affairs  and  to  the  betterment  of  human  conditions,  the 
obligation  is  the  other  way  round;  where  the  opportunity  of 
public  service  is  given,  one  cannot  be  too  grateful  to  the  source 
whence  it  arises" 

Every  public  oflBcial  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  could  frame  that 
paragraph  and  hang  it  in  his  office  where  he  could  see  it  every  day.  Espe- 
cially is  this  true  in  the  United  States  where  examples  o£  public  officials  pros- 
tituting their  offices  for  personal  gain  are  all  too  numerous.  Without  implicit 
trust  in  the  elected  representatives  of  the  people,  the  democratic  process  can- 
not long  endure.  The  Congressmen  who  "write"  books  for  fat  fees  from  corp- 
orations or  turn  out  "columns"  for  notorious  lobbies  do  nothing  to  add  to  the 
confidence  of  the  people  in  their  public  servants.  If  it  were  not  for  the  occa- 
sional appearance  of  a  man  of  Mr.  King's  stature  and  integrity  the  entire 
democratic  process  might  disappear  for  lack  of  public  confidence. 

Canada  has  turned  out  many  great  statesmen.  Not  the  least  of  them  is 
W.  L.  Mackenzie  King.  May  his  integrit}'  and  honesty  serve  as  an  inspira- 
tion to  all  who  achieve  public  office  of  whatever  nature. 


Let's  Applaud  Those  Who  Deserve  It 

Henry  Wallace,  former  Vice-President  of  the  United  States,  has  broken 
with  the  communists  and  fellow  travellers.  In  a  public  interview  last  month, 
Wallace  not  only  announced  his  resignation  from  the  Progressive  Party  but 
he  also  blamed  Russia  for  the  Korean  situation.  Without  mincing  words, 
Wallace  accused  the  Kremlin  of  raw  aggression  in  Korea.  He  further  stated 
he  is  now  convinced  that  Russia  does  not  want  peace  but  rather  is  determined 
to  try  "her  hand  at  world  conquest. 

Coming  from  Wallace,  these  admissions  are  of  more  than  passing  interest. 
Although  no  one  will  ever  accuse  Wallace  of  being  one  of  the  great  minds  of 
our  generation,  at  the  same  time  he  is  far  from  being  a  dummy.  Year  in  and 
year  out  since  the  end  of  World  War  II  he  has  been  the  chief  apologist  for 
Soviet  Russia.  From  the  public  rostrum  and  over  the  air  waves,  Wallace  has 
consistently  parroted  the  party  line.  Among  the  psuedo-intellectuals,  pinkos 
and  such  he  has  had  quite  a  following.  Among  the  communists,  of  course,  he 
was  the  fair-haired  boy.  That  he  has  at  last  seen  the  true  hght  is  of  real 
signfficance. 

Like  too  many  other  misguided  indiWduals,  Wallace  probably  has  been 
sincere  all  the  years  he  followed  the  party  line.  Until  one  finds  out  that 
honesty,  integrity  and  truthfulness  are  nothing  but  words  in  the  dictionary  to 
the  communists  it  is  relatively  easy  to  be  taken  in  by  their  high-sounding 
patter;  especially  if  one  abhors  the  idea  of  war.  Wallace  was  undoubtedly 
such  a  victim.  His  desires  for  peace  probably  clouded  his  better  judgment 
and  he  swallowed  all  the  Russian  peace  propaganda  hook,  line  and  sinker. 


THE    CARPENTER  27 

Thousands  of  others  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  have  done  the  same 
thing.  Most  of  them  had  nothing  to  lose.  Wallace  did.  He  literally  threw 
away  a  public  career  that  was  promising  enough  to  carry  him  to  the  second 
highest  office  in  the  public  domain.  Now  he  stands  as  a  sad  example  of  the 
disillusionment  and  despair  that  have  caught  up  with  many  of  his  predeces- 
sors who  through  ignorance  or  vanity  allowed  themselves  to  be  duped  by  the 
high-sounding  patter  of  communism. 

The  truth  is  that  Wallace  has  only  found  out  what  leaders  in  our  Brother- 
hood and  in  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  discovered  many  years  ago 
—that  you  cannot  compromise  with  communists.  Wallace  is  more  or  less  a 
symbol  of  an  era— the  years  just  before  and  during  the  last  war  when  crit- 
icism of  Russia  was  decidedly  unfashionable.  They  were  our  "allies."  The 
communists  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  were  only  "liberals."  Those  who 
spoke  out  against  them  and  their  underhanded  and  vicious  tactics  were  "red 
baiters."  Anyone  who  thought  otherwise  was  a  fascist. 

Among  the  hard  core  of  public  figures  which  was  not  taken  in  by  this 
sort  of  hog  wash  was  our  own  General  President,  William  L.  Hutcheson. 
Years  ago  he  recognized  communism  for  the  inhuman  menace  it  really  is. 
Year  in  and  year  out  he  fought  it  tooth  and  toenail;  even  when  it  was  un- 
popular to  do  so.  As  a  result  he  was  villified  and  abused  and  belittled.  The 
communists  slandered  him  unmercifully  and  the  fellow  travelers  pointed  the 
finger  of  scorn  at  him  and  berated  him  without  pity.  But  he  stuck  to  his 
guns  and  cleaned  out  the  communists  as  thoroughly  and  as  quickly  as  pos- 
sible. 

Now  Korea  has  proved  him  to  be  100%  right.  The  Wallaces  of  the  nation 
are  grovelling  in  the  dirt  and  making  apologies  while  General  President 
Hutcheson  and  the  handful  of  leaders  who  had  the  foresight  and  guts  to 
stick  by  their  convictions  stand  head  and  shoulders  above  their  critics.  It 
took  Korea  to  bring  out  the  ruthlessness  and  cold-bloodedness  of  communism 
against  which  Bill  Hutcheson  and  Bill  Green  have  long  preached  and  warned. 
Yet  ten  years  ago  or  five  years  ago  or  even  two  years  ago,  it  was  Hutcheson 
and  Green  who  were  the  "red-baiters"  and  "reactionaries."  That  the  com- 
munist press  and  party  members  were  excoriating  them  was  bad  enough;  but 
in  addition  there  were  many  two-bit  versions  of  Wallace  who  were  running 
them  down  whenever  and  however  possible. 

Now  those  same  people  should  be  saying  "Thank  God  for  Bill  Hutcheson 
and  Bill  Green."  Had  there  been  fewer  Wallaces  and  Alger  Hisses  in  Wash- 
ington and  more  men  like  Green  and  Hutcheson  on  the  job  there,  fine  young 
American  men  would  not  be  spilling  their  blood  on  desolate  Korean  moun- 
tainsides today. 

If  Wallace  has  seen  the  error  of  his  ways,  well  and  good.  But  let  us  not 
overlook  the  leaders  who  unwaveringly  cried  out  against  the  menace  of  com- 
munism all  through  the  years  when  Wallace  and  his  cohorts  were  selling 
American  security  down  the  river  for  nebulous  Russian  promises  the  Kremlin 
never  had  any  intention  of  keeping.  It  is  they  who  deserve  the  credit  and 
the  applause. 


THE  LOCKER 

By  JOHN   HART,   Local   Union   366,   New   York,   N.   Y. 

A  while  back  we  stated  that  a  True  or  False  written  test  was  unreliable.  We  now  sub- 
mit our  idea  of  a  test  which  we  consider  a  fair  one.  Only  one  answer,  or  slight  variant,  is 
correct.    You  must  know  something  about  carpentry  if  you  know  that  answer.    You  cannot 

guess  it  and  have  a  fifty  per  cent  chance  of  being  right.  Consider  this  a  mock  test  for  a  job 
that  pays  union  wages.  You  get  2  weeks  vacation  per  year  and  12  days  paid  sick  leave.  It 
is  a  permanent  job  and  there  are  pension  privileges.  For  such  a  job  you  should  know  your 
business.  Take  2  points  for  each  correct  answer.  Total  points  is  your  percentage.  Passing 
mark  76.    Time  allowed  1  hour.    Go  to  it.    The  answers  may  be  found  on  page  31. 

1.  Express  in  feet  and  inches  one-half  of  15  ft.  IVz  ins.   

2.  The  best  way  to  check  a  rectangular  frame  for  square  is  to  measure  the 

3.  What  type  handsaw  has  tlie  front  of  the  tooth  square  off  the  line  of  tlie  teeth?_     

4.  The  word  dormer  applies  to   a  certain  kind  of 

5.  25  beams  3"  x  10"  x  16'  total  how  many  fbm? 

6.  The  window  frame  opening  through  which  the  weight  is  inserted  is  called 

7.  A  screw  with  a  cross-slotted  head  is  properly  called  a screw 

8.  DS  glass  is  specified  for  a  window.    What  does  DS  mean? 

9.  A  roof  span  is  35  ft.  The  rise  is  14  ft.  What  fractional  pitch  is  it? 

10.  The  run  of  a  stairs  is  measured  diagonally,  vertically,  horizontally? - 

11.  Start  with  the  longest  and  num^ber  these  planes  according  to  size.    Fore H 

jack ;jointer smooth .  11 

12.  To    what   carpenter's    tool   is    a   bit  gauge    attached? 

13.  What  is  tlie  name  of  tiie  tool  used  to  turn  the  hook  on  a  scraper  blade? 

14.  Spaced  8  ft.  c.c.  how  many  posts  are  required  to  fence  a  lot  96  ft.  square? 

15.  The  vertical  member  directly  under  the  window  stool  is  called  tlie 

16.  What  word  is  represented  by  the  letters  Dn.  on  a  floor  plan? 

17.  What  is  the  recognized  standard  lengdi  of  a  scaffold  plank? 

18.  A  bit  which  has  an  adjustable  cutter  is  called  an bit 

19.  What  would  you  use  to  mark  a  straight  line  across  a  floor  20  ft.  wide? 

20.  Cove,  half  round,  bed,  astragal  refer  to  different  kinds  of 

21.  On  a  drawing  scaled  %  in.  to  1  ft.  a  measurement  of  2  in.  would  represent 

22.  Specifications  call  for  a  H.  M.  door.   What  is  meant  by  the  letters  H.  M 

23.  The  inner  angle  formed  by  2  sides  of  an  octagon  is degrees.- 

24.  Which  of  these  is  rated  a  hardwood?  poplar,  cypress,  hemlock,  fir 

25.  The  door  knob  is  secured  to  what  part  of  a  lockset? 

26.  As  used  in  carpentry  give  another  name  for  staging 

27.  A  more  common  term  used  for  pattern  board  is 

28.  Exactly  how  many  sq.  ft.  are  in  a  room  12  ft.  9  in.  by  14  ft.? 

29.  Give  anodier  name  for  tongued  and  grooved  as  applied  to  flooring 

30.  WKat  is  the  best  type  rule  for  measmring  the  thickness  of  lumber? 

31.  When  referring  to  a  window  what  do  tlie  letters  D.  H.  mean? 

32.  Which  of  these  is  rated  a  softwood?  Chestnut,  whitewood,  redwood,  gumwood.-     

33.  The  auger  bit  next  smaller  in  size  to  Vi  inch  is inch 

34.  When  housing  a  stringer  die  proper  type  plane  to  use  is  a plane 

35.  The  gauge  which  marks  2  parallel  lines  at  one  time  is  properly  called  a__gauge.     . 

36.  What  one  t3Tpe  of  tool  would  you  select  to  chamfer  a  saddle? 

37.  A   chisel    curved   in    cross    section   is    called    a 

38.  What  saw  is  commonly  used  to  cope  a  molding?  A saw 

39.  45,  90,  135  degree  angles  can  most  readily  be  marked  with  a square.-     

40.  The  oilstone  used  to  sharpen  a  gouge  is  distinguished  by  the  name ;-.     

41.  Name  5  different  kinds  of  rafters.  1 2 3 4 5-. ■ 

42.  The  short  stud  in  a  door  opening  is  called  a stud 1_ 

43.  In  a  reversible   common  mortise   lock  exactly  what  is   reversed? _-__ 

44.  15  per  cent  of  1780  lin.  ft.  of  molding  is  defective.  How  many  feet  are  good?-      

45.  Stud,  toggle,  carriage,   eye,  refer  to  different  kinds   of . 

46.  Casco  is  a  trade  name  for  a  certain  kind  of 

47.  How    many    muntins    are    there    in    a    cross-panelled    door? 

48.  The  miter  angle  of  a  square  is  45°.  The  miter  angle  of  a  hexagon  is degrees. 

49.  A  shiplap   joint  is  bevelled,  rabbeted,   tongued  and   grooved,   dadoed? 

50.  Bastard,  ward,  rattail,  mill,  are  terms  appUed  to  what  particular  tool? 

Total     


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 

Obnbbal  Office  :  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


General  President 

WM.   L.   HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'  Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


FiEST  Qhnheal  Vice-President 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


Acting  Secretaet 

ALBERT    B.    FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN   R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'   Building,   Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Treasurer 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Bxecdtivh  Board 


First  District,   CHARLES   JOHNSON,   JR. 
Ill  B.  22nd  St.,   New  York  10,   N.   Y. 


Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBERTS 
3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second   District,    O.   WM.    BLAIBR 
933  E.  Magee,  Philadelphia  11,  Pa. 


Sixth   District,   A.   W.   MUIR 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District,  HARRY  SCHWARZER 
1248  Walnut  Ave.,    Cleveland,   O. 


Seventh  District 
3560    St.   Lawrence,    Montreal,    Que.,    Can. 


Fourth    District,    ROLAND    ADAMS 
712  West  Palmetto  St.,  Florence.   S.   C. 


WM.   L.   HUTCHESON,   Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 


NOTICE  TO  ALL  LOCAL  UNIONS 

It  is  important  that  the  Bond  Report  of  your  Trustees  for  the  six  months 
ending  June  30,  1950  be  completed  and  returned  to  the  General  Office  as  soon 
as  possible.  Blanks  for  the  Reports  have  been  mailed  and  Local  Unions  failing 
to  receive  same  should  notify  the  General  Office. 


2200 

2215 
2209 
2506 
2224 
2229 
2232 
2507 
2249 
2252 
2267 
2268 
2277 
2309 
2541 


NEW  LOCALS  CHARTERED 


Toronto,  Ont.,  Canada 

Alpine,  Texas 

Hillsdale,  Michigan 

Sonora,  California 

Decorah,  Iowa 

Magnolia,  Arkansas 

Liberty,  North  Carolina 

Angliers,  Que.,  Canada 

WilUamsport,   Pennsylvania 

Grand  Rapids,  Michigan 

Coeur  d'Alene,  Idalio 

Summerside,  Prince  Edward  Is.,  Can. 

Grande  Prairie,  Alta,  Canada 

Toronto,  Ont.,  Canada 

Kenora,  Ont.,  Canada 


2551  Randolph,  New  York 

2560  Lyman,  Washington 

2562  Coos  Bay,  Oregon 

2312  Atikokan,  Ont.,  Canada 

2311  Grants  Pass,  Oregon 

2318  Creston,  Ont.,  Canada 

2325  Menominee,    Michigan 

2326  Homer,  New  York 
2328  Oak  Hill,  West  Virginia 
2578  Spring  Valley,  Wisconsin 
2331  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin 
2339  Edmonton,  Alta,  Canada 
2343  Stevens  Point,  Wisconsin 
2585  Sugas,  N.  B.,  Canada 


21 


n 


M 


ttntfrxBtn 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them. 
Not  dead,  just  gone  before; 


They  still  live  in  our  memory, 
And  will  forever  more 


%tBt  in  l^tsitt 

The  Editor  has  been  requested  to  publish  the  names 
of    the    following    Brothers    who    have    passed    away. 


WILLIAM   M.   ABBOTT,   L.  U.  2164,  San  Fran- 
cisco,   Cell. 

CHARLES    G.    ANDERSON,    L.    U.    1407,    Wilm- 
ington,  Cal. 

WILLIAM   BALLIET,    L.   U.   261,   Scranton,    Pa. 

WALTER      BLANCHARD,     L.     U.     2288,      Los 
Angeles,    Cal. 

C.  R.   BORAH,   L.   U.   2067,   Medford,   Ore. 

WM.    BRAATZ,    L.    U.    264,    Milwaukee,    Wis. 

CHARLES    BRAEGER,    L.    U.    264,    Milwaukee, 
Wis. 

WILLIAM  S.   BROWN,  L.  U.   710,   Long  Beach, 
Cal. 

DEWEY    CARPENTER,   L,   U.   25,   Los   Angeles, 
Cal. 

GEORGE  D.  EBERT,  L.  U.  184,  Salt  Lake   City, 
Utah 

EDWARD   GARRETT,   L.  U.   465,   Ardmore,   Pa. 

G.   O.  GILLILAND,  L.  U.   710,  Long  Beach,   Cal. 

WALftR  HAACK,  L.  U.   264,  Milwaukee,   Wis. 

WM.  HILLMER,   L.  U.  25,   Los   Angeles,   Cal. 

CHARLES  HOLT,  L.  U.  246,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

JOSEPH    HUX,    L.   U.    490,    Passaic,    N.   J. 

JOHN   L.  JENKINS,   L.   U.   2067,   Medford,   Ore. 

M.   C.  JOHNSON,   L.   U.  25,  Los   Angeles,   Cal. 

ALEXANDRA  LAPE,  L.  U.  6,  Amsterdam,  N.  Y. 

JOHN   LASHER,   L.   U.   770,   Yakima,    Wash. 

CALVIN    O.   LEWIS,   L.   U.   792,   Rockford,   lU. 

LOUIS    LUBIN,    L.    U.    490,    Passaic,    N.    J. 

DAVID    MACADAM,   L.   U.   465,   Ardmore,   Pa. 

D.  F.  MCDONALD,  L.  U.   25,  Los  Angeles,   Cal. 

LUKE   MCGUIRE,   L.   U.   608,   New   York,   N.   Y. 

JOHN    T.    MARKER,    L.    U.    710,    Long    Beach, 
Cal. 


FLOYD  MAY,  L.  U.   109,  Sheffield,  Ala. 

FRED   MELVILLE,   L.  U.   25,  Los   Angeles,   Cal. 

AVM.   MEYER,   L.   U.   264,   Milwaukee,   Wis. 

W.   A.   MORAN,   L.  U.   388,   Richmond,   Va. 

RAY    A.    MUFFLEY,    L.    U.    627,    Jacksonville, 
Fla. 

WILLIAM  J.  MURPHY,  L.  U.  40,  Boston,  Mass. 

CHARLES    OISTER,   L.   U.  261,   Scranton,  Pa. 

EDWARD    PAIST,   L.    U.   833,   Berwyn,   Pa. 

MELBOURNE    PETERSON,    L.    U.    710,    Long 
Beach,    Cal. 

PAUL   PLOETZ,   L.   U.   264,   Milwaukee,  Wis. 

FLOYD   F.  PLUMMER,   L.  U.  710,  Long  Beach, 
Cal. 

JOSEPH  PROHASKA,  L.  U.  490,  Passaic,  N.  J. 

L.   B.   RILEY,   L.   U.    25,   Los    Angeles,    Cal. 

H.  R.  RITTER,   L.   U.   25,   Los   Angeles,   Cal. 

C.  E.  ROLAND,  L.  U.  25,  Los  Angeles,   Cal. 

MARTIN  ROOB,  L.  U.  246,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

ROBERT    D.    SLAUGHTER,    L.    U.    710,    Long 
Beach,   Cal. 

L.   D.   SMITH,   L.   U.   1880,   Carthage,   Mo.      • 

LINWOOD  SMITH,  L.  U.  388,  Richmond,  Va. 

WM.    STOLL,    L.    U.   264,    Milwaukee,    Wis. 

SOLOMON    P.    TATRO,    L.    U.    96,    Springfield, 

Mass. 

CHAS.   W.   TOMPKIN,  L.  U.   1578,   Tulare,   Cal. 

L.   W.  USERY,  L.  U.  25,   Los   Angeles,   Cal. 

VAN    VODICKA,   L.   U.    1260,   Iowa   City,   Iowa 

WM.    WEISTER,   L.   U.   264,   Milwaukee,   Wis. 

L.    O.    WELLS,   L.   U.    388,   Richmond,    Va. 

JOSEPH   G.  WILKS,  L.  U.   184,  Salt  Lake   City, 
Utah 


THE    CARPENTER 


31 


ANSWERS 

TO 

"THE   LOCKER" 

1. 

7  ft.  9%  ins. 

26. 

Scaffold.  (scafiFolding) 

2. 

Diagonals. 

27. 

Template. 

3. 

Rip. 

28. 

i78y2. 

4. 

Window. 

29. 

Matched. 

5. 

1000. 

30. 

Caliper. 

6. 

Pocket. 

31. 

Double-hung. 

7. 

Phillips. 

32. 

Redwood. 

8. 

Double  strength. 

33. 

7/16  in. 

9. 

Two-fifth. 

34. 

Router. 

10. 

Horizontally. 

35. 

Mortise. 

11. 

Fore  2,  jack  3,  jointer  1, 

smooth  4. 

36. 

A  plane. 

12. 

A  bit  or  drill. 

37. 

Gouge. 

13. 

A  burnisher. 

38. 

Coping  or  turning. 

14. 

48. 

39. 

Combination. 

15. 

Apron. 

40. 

Slipstone  or  slip. 

16. 

Down. 

41. 

Common,  hip,  valley,  jack,  cripple  etc 

17. 

13  feet. 

42. 

Jack. 

18. 

Expansion,  expansive,  or 

expand 

ng- 

43. 

The  latch  bolt. 

19. 

A  chalk  line. 

44. 

1513. 

20. 

Moldings. 

45. 

Bolts. 

21. 

2  ft.  8  ins.  (32  ins.) 

46. 

Glue. 

22. 

Hollow  metal. 

47. 

None. 

23. 

135. 

48. 

60. 

24. 

Poplar. 

49. 

Rabbeted. 

25. 

The  spindle. 

50. 

A  file. 

NOTE:  How  many  hundred  thousand  questions  can  you  ask  a  carpenter  about  his  trade? 
A  man  skilled  enough  to  know  all  these  answers  should  be  worth  his  weight  in 
coflFee  for  a  week's  pay.  Won't  somebody  please  say,  "Stop,  we're  groggy;  give 
us  a  rest." 


Washington  Unions  Sponsor  Weekly  Broadcasts 
Under  the  sponsorship  of  the  Central  Labor  Union  of  Washington,  D.  C. 
the  labor  movement  in  the  nation's  capital  has  been  keeping  the  general  public 
well  informed  on  labor  matters  through  the  medium  of  a  weekly  broadcast 
over  Station  WCFM.  These  broadcasts  go  out  to  a  vast  radio  audience  at  7:45 
every  Wednesday  evening.  Among  the  actively  cooperating  unions  is  United 
Brotherhood  Local  No.  132. 

On  Wednesday  evening,  May  24th,  the  broadcast  concerned  itself  with 
Local  Union  No.  132,  one  of  the  oldest  unions  in  Washington  and  a  pioneer 
Ideal  in  the  United  Brotherhood.  For  fifteen  minutes,  Brother  W.  A.  Johnson, 
District  Council  business  representative,  and  E.  J.  Appel,  financial  secretary  of 
Local  No.  132,  informally  discussed  the  highlights  of  the  history  and  accom- 
plishments of  the  United  Brotherhood  in  general  and  Local  No.  132  in  par- 
ticular. Both  spoke  with  authority  since  each  of  them  has  more  than  three 
decades  of  membership  in  Local  No.  132  to  his  credit.  They  described  in  de- 
tail the  many  protections  and  benefits  which  accrue  to  members  of  Local  No. 
132  and  the  United  Brotherhood. 

Indications  are  that  the  broadcasts  sponsored  by  the  Washington  Central 
Labor  Union  are  gaining  an  ever-increasing  audience,  and  the  citizens  of  the 
capital  are  getting  a  much  better  insight  into  the  aims  and  aspirations  of  organ- 
ized labor  therefrom.  Since  radio  stations  must  devote  a  certain  percentage  of 
their  time  to  "public  service"  programs,  the  idea  of  weekly  labor  broadcasts 
initiated  by  the  unions  of  Washington,  D.  C.  may  be  feasible  in  many  other 
sections. 


CorrQspondQncQ 


This  Journal  is  Not  Responsible  for  Views  Expressed  by  Correspondents. 

POCATELLO  LOCAL  COMPLETES  FINE  NEW  HOME 

Pictured  herewith  is  the  fine  new  home  of  Local  Union  No.  1258,  Pocatello,  Idaho, 
which  was  recently  completed.  Costing  something  over  $40,000  in  aU,  the  building, 
equipment  and  grounds  are  all  free  and 
clear,  a  fine  tribute  to  the  progressive- 
ness  and  good  management  of  the  union. 
Located  on  a  large  lot,  the  new  home  of 
Local  No.  1258  consists  of  one  large 
meeting  hall,  an  oflFice,  kitchen,  heat 
room,  storage  room,  and  two  rest  rooms. 
It  is  sixty  by  sixty  in  overall  dimensions. 

For   a    great  many   years.    Local   No. 
1258   has   dreamed   of   the   day  when   it 
could  own  its  own  home.    It  took  a  lot 
of  planning  and  sacrificing  to  reach  that  goal  but  it  has  been  reached,  and  all  the  officers 
and  members  of  the  union  are  justifiably  proud  of  the  achievement. 


CARPENTERS  LOCAL  No.  1659  MARKS  47th  BIRTHDAY 

On  May  23,  1950,  the  Bartles\ille,  Oklahoma,  Carpenters  celebrated  their  47th  anniver- 
sary with  a  program  and  pie  supper,  at  whicli  time  old  and  new  journeymen  members  were 
given  special  recognition.    The  meeting  was  held  in  the  newly  decorated  Carpenters  HalL 

Honors  were  first  bestowed  upon 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  E.  G.  Norman.  Mr.  Norman 
is  a  charter  member  of  Local  1659,  hav- 
ing become  a  member  on  May  26,  1903, 
at  which  time  the  charter  was  issued. 
Mrs.  Norman  is  a  charter  member  of 
the  Ladies'  Auxihary.  This  charter  was 
issued  on  June  9,  1916.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Norman  have  a  most  outstanding  record 
of  loyalty  and  service  to  organized  labor. 

Certificates  of  Completion  of  Appren- 
ticeship were  presented  to  Milton  Field- 
er, Roy  H.  Weston  and  John  R.  Smith. 
Mr.  Weston  could  not  remain  for  the 
presentation  of  his  certificate  because  his 
\vife  presented  him  with  a  fine  baby  shortly  after  his  departure  from  the  Union  Hall. 

Glen  Simmons,  now  President  of  the   Local   Union,   served   as   Master   of  Ceremonies 
dining  the  program.    He  introduced  Robert  M.  Earley,  Representative,  Bureau  of  Appren-  ji 
ticeship,   U.    S.   Department   of   Labor,    who    addressed   the    audience    and   presented   the  ^ 
Certificates  of  Completion. 

Serving  with  Simmons  on  the  Joint  Apprenticeship  Committee  are  Frank  Marling, 
Chairman;  M.  L.  Hoppock;  R.  J.  Lawver,  Secretary;  and  George  E.  Bauer,  Business 
Agent.  It  is  the  ambition  of  tlie  Committee  to  develop  all-around  cornpetent  mechanics 
who  will  some  day  have  as  enviable  a  record  of  service  and  loyalty  as  that  of  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  E.  G.  Norman. 


Reading-  left  to  right:  Glen  Simmons,  President; 
Milton  Fielder,  Apprentice;  Robert  M.  Earley,  Bu- 
reau of  Apprenticeship,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Labor; 
John  R.  Smith,  apprentice;  George  Bauer,  Business 
Agent. 


THE    CARPENTER 


33 


BOSTON  FETES  LARGE  GRADUATING  CLASS 

On  the  night  of  June  5th,  at  the  second  annual  graduation  exercises,  the  Joint  Ap- 
prenticeship Committee  of  Boston  paid  tribute  to  a  large  group  of  young  men  who  had 
just  completed  their  apprenticeship  courses.  Among  the  young  men  graduating  to  journey- 
man status  were  some  forty-seven  carpenters  and  members  of  the  United  Brotherhood. 
A  fine  dinner  started  off  the  evening.  Following  a  short  but  interesting  congratulatory 
speech  by  the  Honorable  John  B.  Hynes,  Mayor  of  Boston,  a  presentation  of  certificates 
to  the  graduating  apprentices  was  made.  General  Representative  William  Francis  made 
the  presentation  to  carpentry  graduates.  Among  the  carpenters  receiving  completion 
certificates  were: 

Frank  R.  Anionte,  William  J.  Amos,  Anthony  E.  Aucella,  Jr.,  Leonard  T.  Bisson, 
James  H.  Brown,  Frank  C.  Cogliano,  Paul  H.  Collins,  Lawrence  P.  Crosby,  Nicholas  A. 
DeCola,  Richard  C.  Estano,  Henry  R.  Fortes,  Frederick  Goss,  Daniel  R.  Harrington, 
William  C.  Harris,  Walter  F.  Hashey,  George  A.  Hermanson,  James  Hewitt,  Henry  H. 
Kelly,  Joseph  J.  Keohane,  William  J.  Kerins,  Charles  F.  Kilroy,  Harold  V.  Kilroy,  Benjamin 
M.  Latora,  William  Linney,  Angus  B.  MacAskill,  Gordon  M.  MacLeod,  Charles  P. 
Murphrey,  Jr.,  Herbert  M.  Napoleon,  Martin  Noonan,  William  H.  Pollard,  Francis  Reen, 
Endel  Reinap,  Leo  J.  Richard,  Robert  A.  Sears,  Lloyd  L.  Smith,  Clarence  Taylor,  Charles 
E.  Thrasher,  Jr.,  Anthony  Tisei,  Charles  W.  Tracia,  Joseph  Wallace,  Edward  S.  Warchol, 
Alfred  D.  White,  James  A.  Wilkins,  Jr.,  John  Williamson,  Chester  R.  Wing,  Stanley  C. 
Wood  and  Robert  A.  Wright. 


COSHOCTON  ENJOYS  50th  BIRTHDAY  OF  LOCAL 

Thursday  evening,  May  18th  Local  Union  No.  525,  Coshocton,  Ohio,  celebrated  the 
fiftieth  anniversary  of  its  founding. 

Approximately  200  persons,  members  of  the  union  and  their  guests,  attended  a  dinner 
in  American  Legion  hall  at  which  Thomas  Murray,  district  representative  of  the  inter- 
national union,  was  chief  speaker. 

Floyd  Shafer,  financial  secretary  of 
the  local  union,  assisted  by  Mr.  Murray, 
presented  pins  to  the  older  members  as 
follows:  gold  emblems  to  10  who  have 
been  members  40  to  50  years— Charles 
Dunlap,  Quincy  Dunlap,  Milan  Pew, 
Elias  Schriver,  Joseph  Norris,  Henry 
Koelsch,  George  Bible,  Fred  Tish,  Wil- 
liam Shrigley  and  William  Schumaker; 
silver  emblems  to  seven  who  have  been 
members  25  to  40  years— O.  P.  Meitzler, 
Noah  McClain,  George  Nichols,  Charles 
Klein,  William  Sauerbrey,  Floyd  Shafer 
and  Jesse  Shaw;  enameled  emblems  to 
12  who  have  been  members  10  to  25 
years— Joseph  Little,  Ross  Murray,  James 
Salrin,  Perry  Smitli,  Marshall  Jacobs, 
John  Krownapple,  Newton  MuUett,  Paul 
Schulties,  Dean  Wolfe  and  Robert  Ames, 

Mr.  Shafer,  in  giving  a  brief  history 
of  the  local  union,  pointed  out  tliat  at 
the  time  the  local  received  its  charter  on  March  21,  1900,  carpenters  here  were  working 
a  10-hour  day  for  $1.25.  The  local  rate  is  $1.75  an  hour.  He  expressed  pride  in  the  fact 
tliat  tlie  local  has  never  been  involved  in  a  strike  and  that  in  its  50-year  history  tliere 
has  been  very  little  labor  trouble. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  program  moving  pictures  of  the  carpenter's  home  in  Florida 
were  shown. 


Officers  of  carpenters  Local  525  pictured  here 
are  (seated,  left  to  right)  Fred  Tish,  past  record- 
ing secretary;  William  Sauerbrey,  treasurer;  Floyd 
Shafer,  financial  secretary;  Charles  Klein,  vice- 
president;  Roy  Simpkins,  president.  Standing,  left 
to  right,  R.  L.  Kaser,  trustee;  James  Crago,  assist- 
ant financial  secretary;  Glenn  Darner  and  Jesse 
Shaw,  trustees. 


34 


THE    CARPENTER 


PAXAM\  CITY  GRADUATES  APPRENTICE  CLASS 

Recently  Local  Union  No.  875,  Panama  Cit>%  Florida,  handed  out  certificates  of  ap- 
prenticeship completion  to  three  young 
men  who  wound  up  four  years  of  study 
to  become  fully  qualified  carpenter 
craftsmen.  The  young  men  were  given 
an  official  welcome  into  the  craft  and 
into  full  partnership  in  the  United  Broth- 
erhood. 

Pictured  herewith  are  the  young  men  re- 
ceiving the  certificates.  Reading  from  left 
to  right  the  group  is  H.  D.  Pennington, 
president  of  Local  No.  875,  his  son,  John  G. 
Pennington,  Wilbum  O.  Nutt,  William  B. 
Hodges,  and  E.  N.  McEacbem,  instructor 
and  business  agent. 


GRADUATION  DINNTIR  FOR   CAMDEN  APPRENTICES 

A  graduation  dinner  was  given  in  Camden  on  May  28,  honoring  twenty-one  men 
who  have  recently  completed  tlieir  carpenters  apprentice  terms.  The  dinner,  sponsored 
by  the  Joint  Apprenticeship  Committee  for  carpenters  in  the  Camden  area  marked  a  high 
point  in  apprentice  training  as  it  was  tlie  first  time  in  die  26  years  of  this  work  that  a 
formal  graduation  was  held  in  the  Soutli  Jersey  area. 

O.  Wm.  Blaier,  General  Executive  Board  member  presented  the  diplomas  from  the 
National  Apprenticeship  Training  Program.  In  his  address  to  the  graduates  Brother  Blaier 
pointed  out  that  the  Brotlierhood  of  Carpenters  is  a  topically  American  group.    He  advised 


Seated  at  the  table  from  left  to  right,  Wm.  J.  Setzer,  Harry  Wilson,  J.  A.  Rheinbold, 
Apprentice  Training.  Chas.  Wolfe,  F.  E.  Kelly,  Business  Representative,  Raleigh  Rajoppi, 
Genl.  Piepresentative,  O.  Wm.  Blaier,  and  Toastmaster,  Charles  Emerson,  Managing 
Director  of  B.  C,  A.  of  N.  J.  John  D.  La^vrence  and  Samuel  Levy. 

Included  in  the  back  row  is  John  Cregan,  Sec'y.  Treas.  of  the  MetropoKtan  District 
Council  of  Philadelphia,  Edward  Pierson,  President  of  Carpenters  Local  No.  393,  Walter 
Ford,  President  of  Mill  Local  No.  2098  and  Edward  Budd,  Business  Representative  of 
Local  No.  842,  Pleasantville,  N.  J. 


tlie  new  joume^inen  of  their  union  duties.  Blaier  stated.  "You  have  now  finished  your 
formal  training;  you  will  be  called  upon  to  make  sacrifices  for  yoiu"  union  to  gain  better 
conditions.  As  good  luiion  men  you  must  make  these  sacrifices."  Blaier  continued,  "Many 
contractors  have  come  from  tlie  ranks  of  the  carpenters.  .  .  But  I  warn  you,  don't  be 
weaned  away  from  the  labor  movement,   don't  be  fooled  by  the  controlled  press." 

Charles  M.  Emerson,  Managing  Director  of  the  B.  C.  A.  of  N.  J.  congratulated  the 
group  and  informed  the  new  journeymen,  "You  are  now  skilled  men  in  one  of  the  most 
important  crafts  in  the  most  important  industry  in  the  United  States." 

The  Joint  Committee  sponsoring  the  graduation  is  composed  of  representatives  from 
local  unions  and  from  tiie  Associated  Building  Contractors  of  South  Jersey. 

This  affair  proved  to  be  a  tremendous  success. 


SHREVEPORT  AUXILIARY  INSTALLS  CHARTER 

The  Editor: 

Our  Auxiliary  No.  588,  Shreveport,  Louisiana,  met  Tuesday,  July  11,  and  was  pre- 
sented our  charter  by  Mr.  John  Howat.  We  had  twenty  present  to  make  their  pledge 
to  the  Auxiliary  and  four  who  were  unable  to  attend  but  sent  tlieir  dues.  J.  D.  Nugent, 
A.  H.  Williams,  S.  D.  Holt  and  Mr.  Ware  were  present  from  Carpenters'  Local  764  to 
witness  our  pledge  and  give  a  bit  of  encouragement  to  us. 

The  following  officers  were  elected  and  installed:  Mrs.  Jack  Brown,  President;  Mrs. 
O.  G.  Baggett,  Vice-President;  Mrs.  T.  H.  Vincent,  Recording  Secretary;  Mrs.  D.  H. 
Daniels,  Secretary-Treasurer;  Mrs.  E.  F.  Scriben,  Mrs.  Edith  Gilbert  and  Mrs.  M.  W. 
Boatright,  Trustees;  Mrs.  J.  D.  Nugent,  Conductor,  and  Mrs.  W.  D.  Thomas,  Warden. 

Our  meetings  are  held  on  the  second  and  fourth  Tuesdays  with  a  social  on  the  fourth 
Tuesday. 

Carpenters'  Local  764  has  property  on  the  Lake  here  and  we  hope  to  help  them 
build  a  camp  in  the  near  future  for  our  socials. 

We  are  very  proud  of  our  Auxiliary  and  hope  to  hear  from  the  other  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  T.  H.  Vincent,  Recording  Secretary. 


REDESA  LADIES  KEEP  ACTIVE 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  553  of  Redesa,  California,  takes  this  opportunity  to  say  "Hello" 
to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries,  and  to  extend  a  cordial  invitation  for  visits  or  correspondence 
with  us. 

We  had  oinr  installation  of  officers  July  13tli.  We  re-elected  most  officers  as  we 
have  only  been  going  for  nine  months.  They  are  as  follows:  President,  Ruth  Smidi; 
Vice-President,  Margaret  Walker;  Secretary,  Kathleen  Dahlmann;  Treasurer,  Phyllis  Saper; 
Warden,  Eleanor  Becker;  Conductor,  Rose  Charleson;  Trustees,  Lottie  Gage,  Ethel  Friel 
and  Ethel  Elledge. 

We  were  very  happy  to  join  the  State  Council  during  the  last  few  months. 

Our  Auxiliary  has  donated  to  the  City  of  Hope,  a  tuberculosis  hospital,  and  to  tlie 
Red  Cross. 

We  are  planning  a  summer  picnic  and  a  hand-made  sale;  we  also  have  bake  sales 
and  several  white  elephant  sales. 

We  will  welcome  any  good  suggestions  from  Sister  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally, 

Kathleen  Dahlmann,  Recording   Secretary. 


SHELBY   LADIES   HOLD   ELECTION 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  383  of  Shelby,  Montana,  met  in  regular  session  June  13tli. 
Election  of  officers  was  as  follows:  President,  Alice  Gustafson;  Vice-President,,  Elsie 
Anderson;  Secretary,  Ruth  Dean;  Treasurer,  Vera  Mason;  Conductor,  Lois  Kroger,  and 
Warden,  Annette  Oedewaldt. 

Plans  were  made  for  a  picnic  to  be  held  in  July. 

At  the  close  of  our  meeting,  the  men  of  Local  1568  served  us  a  delicious  lunch. 

Fraternally, 

Ruth  Dean,  Recording  Secretary. 


.36  THE    CARPENTER 

VENTURA  AUXILIARY   STARTS   MEMRERSHIP   DRIVE 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  from  Ladies'  Aiixiliary  No.  433  of  Ventura,  Calif. 

The  Ventura  Carpenters'  Auxiliary  celebrated  the  opening  of  the  new  Carpenters' 
Building  at  2641  Loma  Vista  Road  with  a  tiurkey  dinner  for  all  members  of  the  Car- 
penters' Local  and  their  families.  All  the  ladies  took  part  in  the  preparation  and  serving 
of  the  dinner  from  our  fully  equipped  kitchen,  adjoining  the  meeting  halls. 

The  Auxiliary  was  organized  in  1945  and  now  has  thirty-two  members,  A  member- 
ship drive,  now  being  conducted,  has  brought  in  thirteen  new  members,  and  we  have 
high  hopes  for  a  great  many  more. 

The  business  meetings,  presided  over  by  Mrs.  Mabel  Summers,  President,  are  held 
the  second  and  fom-th  Tuesday  of  the  month  with  a  social  hour  held  afterwards  with 
the  carpenters  joining  us  as  guests. 

We  raise  funds  by  raffles  of  beautiful  hand-made  articles,  apron  sales,  card  parties, 
dinners,  and  even  "come  as  you  are  breakfasts."  This  money  is  to  be  used  for  the  aid 
of  needy  families  and  a  Christmas  party  for  the  Carpenters'  children. 

Letters  will  be  welcomed  from  all  Sister  Auxiliaries,  and  we  would  be  so  happy  to 
have  a  visit  from  Sisters  any  time  they  come  to  Ventura,  Calif. 

Fraternally, 

Mrs.  D.  W.  Diehl,  Publicity  Chairman. 
• 

WISCONSIN  AUXILIARY  GROWING  FAST 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  539  of  West  AUis,  Wisconsin,  sends  greetings  to  all  Sister  Aux- 
iliaries. 

We  were  organized  May  2nd,  1949,  with,  thirteen  members  signing  the  charter. 

We  celebrated  our  first  anniversary  with  thirty  active  members  present.  A  luncheon 
and  a  visit  to  ovir  local  Radio  City  were  enjoyed  by  everyone. 

During  the  past  year,  we  sponsored  card  parties  and  at  Christmas,  invited  our  husbands 
to  a  dinner  prepared  by  the  committee. 

We  meet  on  the  first  and  third  Monday  of  each  month,  the  first  meeting  being 
strictly  business  and  the  second  one  oiir  social  meeting,  during  which  we  play  cards  and 
serve  coffee  and  cake.  The  members,  celebrating  their  birthdays  during  the  month,  act 
as  hostesses. 

To  increase  our  treasury,  we  are  making  plans  to  sponsor  card  parties  and  apron 
sales  so  that  we  will  be  able  to  contribute  to  charitable  and  worthy  organizations. 

W&  wish  all  Sister  Auxiliaries  success.  '  , 

Fraternally,  | 

Lora  Myrold,   Recording  Secretary. 


LOS   ANGELES   LADIES   DO  GOOD   WORK 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  62  of  Los  Angeles,  California. 

We  recently  celebrated  the  27th  birthday  of  our  charter  by  having  a  party. 

Our  meetings  are  held  on  the  second  and  fourth  Tuesday  nights  of  each  month,  the 
second  Tuesday  our  business  meeting  and  the  fourth  Tuesday  our  social  night.  At  our 
social  meeting,  we  play  games  and  the  committee  for  the  month  serves  refreshments. 
Our  husbands  join  us  after  their  meeting  to  enjoy  the  refreshments. 

We  devote  the  foiulh  Thursday  to  sewing  for  the  Spastic  Foundation,  making  bibs 
and  pads  for  their  home.   We  also  keep  layettes  on  hand  to  donate  to  needy  famihes. 

We  contribute  to  the  March  of  Dimes  and  other  worthy  organizations. 

Next  time  you  are  in  tlie  City  of  the  Angels,  we,  of  Auxiliary  62,  invite  all  Sisters  of 
the  Brotherhood  to  visit  us. 

Being  the  oldest  Auxihary  in  the  State  of  California,  we  welcome  all  the  new  Aux- 
iharies  in  ovir  state. 

Fraternally, 

Margaretta    Wieringa,    Recording    Secretary. 


i 


THE    CARPENTER 


37 


NORWALK   LADIES   FORM   AUXILIARY 


Seated  left  to  right:  Mrs.  Ethel  Jones,  President; 
Mrs.  Frances  Tavella,  Vice-President;  Mrs.  Isabel 
Busek,  Secretary;  Mrs.  Susan  Mages,  Treasurer. 
Standing:  Mrs.  Josephine  Taylor,  Conductor;  Mrs. 
Virginia  Kovacs,  Warden;  Mrs.  Betty  Tobey,  Mrs. 
Helen    Acquino    and    Mrs.    Ann    Holz,    Trustees. 


The  Editor: 

Greetings  from  newly  formed  Ladies' 
Auxiliary  No.   580,   of  Norwalk,  Conn. 

The  installation  of  officers  was  con- 
dr:cted  by  Organizer  William  J.  Sulli- 
van on  Monday,  April  10,  1950,  in  tlie 
I.  L.  G.  W.  Union  Hall,  12  So.  Main 
St.,  So.  Norwalk,  Conn.  Present  were 
24  members  and  tlie  officers  of  Local 
Union  746.  Refreshments  were  served 
later  in  the  evening. 

The  first  of  our  activities  will  be  in 
conjimction  wnth  the  closing  date  of  the 
apprenticeship  classes  on  May  9,  1950. 
Refreshments  will  be  ser\-ed  to  the  boys 
who  have  labored  over  their  studies  all 
winter.        Fraternally, 

Isabel  Busek,  Secretary. 


WASHINGTON  STATE  COUNCIL  OF  AUXILIARIES  MEETS 

The  Editor: 

The  Eleventh  Armual  Con\ention  of  tlie  Washington  State  Council  of  Ai.ixiliaries  to 
the  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America  was  held  in  Vancouver,  Washington,  May  11,  12, 
13,  1950. 

Reports  from  the  Auxiliaries  showed  sixteen  active  growing  organizations.  (One  more 
has  been  added  since  convention.    Spokane  has  joined  our  ranks.) 

Ed.  Weston,  President  of  the  Washington  State  Federation  of  Labor,  pointed  out  the 
privileges  we  enjoy  in  the  United  States  of  America,  where  conventions  such  as  this 
can  be  held  and  the  men  and  women  of  labor  discuss  problems  freely.  He  also  pointed 
out  tliat  those  who  do  not  go  to  the  polls  to  vote  are  as  much  an  enemy  of  labor  as  those 
who  vote  for  candidates  who  are  unfriendly  to  labor. 

"Scott>'"  Thorbum,  Representative  of  American  Federation  of  Labor,  spoke  to  us 
and  stated  that  we  defeat  the  purpose  for  which  we  are  fighting  when  we  buy  non-union 
merchandise.  He  spoke  of  the  support  given  to  American  Federation  of  Labor  by  the 
Carpenters  and  said  the  AFL  would  not  have  suurvived  the  depression  if  the  Carpenters 
had  not  assisted  financially.  He  led  the  group  in  a  silent  tribute  to  the  recently  deceased 
"Chick"  Omburn,  who  contributed  so  much  to  the  cause  of  labor. 

Perhaps  the  greatest  inspiration  came  to  us  tlirough  a  young  high  school  girl,  Mary 
Frances  Kimball,  who  had  recently  been  awarded  a  $500.00  scholarship  from  the  Oregon 
State  Federation  of  Labor  Pohtical  League.  It  was  apparent  that  the  League  had  made 
a  wise  choice.  Mary  Frances  is  a  lovely  girl  with  a  keen  mind  and  perfect  poise,  a 
person  not  afraid  to  %vork  for  sometliing  she  feels  worthy  of  her  efforts.  She  plans  to 
use  this  education  to  teach  high  school  social  science. 

Sister  M^-rrha  Cesser  urged  us  to  widen  our  circle  of  interests,  to  become  informed 
about  activities  in  our  communit>';  to  become  conversant  witli  our  communit>''s  needs. 
Then,  with  concrete  information  at  hand  about  our  town,  its  assets  and  its  problems,  we 
become  useful,  contributing  members  of  its  civic  organizations.  As  such  they  udll  welcome 
the  opportunity'  to  work  with  us.  It  is  also  good  public  relations  for  we  can  say,  "I 
received  the  experience  to  qualify  me  for  this  work  through  my  acti^ities  in  my  Car- 
penters' Auxilian,'. 

A  committee  consisting  of  Phyllis  Haggbloom,  Sister  Marlon  and  tlie  past  presidents 
^^■as  appointed  to  bring  the  By-Laws  up  to  date  and  clarify  some  ambiguous  wording. 

May  the  coming  year  bring  an  increase  in  the  membersliip  of  local  aixxiliaries,  the 
number  of  auxiharies  in  state  councils,  and  in  the  number  of  state  councils  in  the  United 
States. 

Fraternally, 

M>Trha  Cosser,  Recording  Secretary. 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 
LESSON   264 

Framing  Curved-Edged  Rafters.— In  this 
lesson  framing  rafters  that  have  curv^ed 
edges  wiR  be  treated,  especially  the  fram- 
ing of  hips  and  jacks.  While  only  the  ogee 
cur\'e  is  used  here,  the  principle  will  apply 
to  problems  involving  any  other  irregular- 
shape,  and  while  only  the  regular  hip  roof 
is  used  in  the  illustrations,  the  principle 
will  also  apply  to  irregular  pitch  and  irreg- 
ular plan  roofs. 

Obtaining  Curv-ature  of  Hips.— Fig.  1  is  a 
diagram   of  a   corner  of   a  hip   roof,  whose 


Fig.   1 


rafters  have  an  ogee  cutr\"atiire.  To  the 
upper  right  is  showTi  a  common  rafter  as 
if  it  were  lying  on  the  side.  The  base  of 
this  rafter  is  on  line  c-a,  while  line  c-b 
gives  the  base  of  the  hip  rafter.  To  obtain 
the  cmvatmre  of  the  hip  rafter,  di\"ide  the 
base  of  the  common  rafter  into  a  certain 
nmnber  of  equal  spaces  (imequal  spaces  will 
also  work).  The  more  spaces  the  more 
accurate  will  be  the  results.  In  this  case 
there  are  12  spaces.  After  raising  the  12 
perpendicular  lines,  as  showTi,  from  the  base 
of  the  common  rafter  to  the  cur\'ed  upper 
edge  of  the  rafter,  drop  these  lines,  as  showTQ 
by  dotted  Hues,  from  the  common  base  to 
the  base  of  the  hip  rafter.  Where  these 
Lines  intersect  the  hip  base,  draw  12  right- 
angle   lines,   as   showTi.     Then  make   hne    1 


of  the  hip  equal  in  length  to  line  1  of  the 
common  rafter,  as  indicated  by  the  dotted 
part-circle  to  the  left.  With  a  compass  trans- 
fer the  respective  lengths  of  the  other  lines 


Fig.  2 


'  .^  .3 


to  the  respective  Hnes  of  the  hip  rafter,  and 
mark  them  as  sho%\Ti.  This  done  draw  a 
cvir\'ed  hne  through  the  points  marked, 
v/hich    should    give    you    the    cur\"at\ire    of 


the  top  of  the  hip  rafter  as  shown  by  Fig. 
2  at  the  bottom,  in  an  upside  down  posi- 
tion. 

Rafters  Developed.— Fig.  2  shows  the  com- 
mon rafter  and  the  hip  rafter  developed  in 


THE    CARPENTER 


39 


full.  The  two  dotted  part-circles  to  the  left 
show  how  the  top  cut  of  the  common  rafter 
has  been  transferred  to  the  hip.  With  the 
bottom  edge  of  the  hip  drawn,  the  curvature 
of  the  upper  edge  of  the  hip  rafter  can  be 
found  by  making  lines  1,  2,  3,  etc.  of  the 
hip  rafter  respectively  the  same  lengths  as 
lines  1,  2,  3,  etc.  of  the  common  rafter, 
measuring    from    the    bottom    edge    of    the 


Fig.  4 

rafters  in  both  cases,  and  then  drawing  in 
the  curved  line  as  explained  in  the  other 
case.  A  little  study  will  show  that  the  two 
methods  are  practically  the  same  in  prin- 
ciple. 

Different  Lengths  of  Jacks.— Fig.  3  shows 
how  to  get  the  different  lengths  of  the  jack 
rafters.  The  common  rafter  is  shown  on  the 
side,  and  a  one-line  plan  shown  below  with 
two  hip  rafters.  The  jack  rafters  are  num- 
bered from  1  to  6.  Now  the  points  where 
the  jacks  intersect  the  hip  to  the  right,  as 
shown  by  dotted  lines,  are  raised  to  the  base 
line  of  the  common  rafter  and  on  up  to  the 


curved  top  edge.  The  top  cut  of  the  com- 
mon rafter  is  shown  numbered  1,  which 
gives  the  length  of  the  longest  jack,  Num- 
ber 2  gives  the  next  longest  jack,  and  num- 
ber 3  the  next,  and  so  on  down  to  number 
6.    Side  views   of  the   six   jack  rafters    are 


shown  by  Fig.  4.  The  plan  shown  by  Fig.  3 
gives  two  hip  rafters,  so  two  pairs  of  each 
jack  must  be  made,  excepting  the  longest 
jack  for  which  only  one  pair  is  needed,  to- 
gether with  a  single  jack  having  a  double 
bevel  where  it  joins  the  two  hips.  This  is 
numbered  1  at  the  bottom  section  of  Fig.  3. 
Stepping  Off  Common  Rafter.— Fig.  5 
shows  two  views  of  the  common  rafter  in 
little  larger  scale.  To  the  left  is  shown 
end  view  of  the  top  cut  and  the  bottom 
of  the  common  rafter.  To  the  right 
side  view,  with  the  square  applied  for 
ree  full  steps,  and  one  half  step,  because 
there  are  3  feet  6  inches  in  the  run,  measur- 
the  run  from  the  heel  of  the  seat  cut, 
rather  than  from  the  toe.  This  should 
be  kept  in  mind,  for  stepping  off 
and  marking  of  such  rafters  must  be 
done  on  the  bottom  edge. 
Stepping  Off  Hip.— Fig.  6  shows,  also  in 
a  larger  scale,  the  hip  corresponding  to  the 
common  rafter  shown  in  Fig.  5.  The  hip 
run,  as  shown,  is  4  feet  11  inches,  plus, 
and  the  rise  is  the  same  as  the  rise  of  the 
common  rafter,  4  feet  9  inches.  While  the 
stepping  off  here  could  be  done  on  the 
basis  of  4  full  steps  and  one  fraction  of  a 
step  to  take  care  of  tlie  11  inches,  plus;  the 
method  shown  is  a  modification  of  the  12- 
step   method,    treated   in   an   earlier   lesson. 


The  way  this  is  done,  multiply  both  the 
run  and  the  rise  by,  say,  3.  Then  let  inches 
on  the  square  represent  feet,  and  take  4 
steps.  Why  take  only  4  steps?  Well,  be- 
cause 4  is  one-tliird  of  12.  Multiplying  the 
two  figures  by  three  increased  the  run  and 
the  rise  taken  on  the  square,  and  at  the  same 
time  reduced  the  number  of  steps.  Had  tlie 
multiplying  been  done  by  2,  then  6  steps 
would  have  been  necessary.  Study  tliis  until 
you  understand  it. 

Edge  Bevel  for  Jacks.— Fig.  7  shows  how 
to  get  the  points  to  use  on  the  square  for 
marking  the  edge  bevel  for  the  jack  rafters. 
The  drawing  shows  tlie  common  rafter  on 
the  side,  where  c-d  represents  the  run,  d-a 
tlie  rise,  and  a-c  the  rafter  length.    Now  set 


40 


THE    CARPENTER 


the  compass  at  point  c,  and  transfer  the 
rafter  lengtli  from  c-a  to  c-b.  The  rafter 
length  and  the  tangent  will  give  the  bevel. 
Mark  on  the  rafter  length. 


Edge  Bevel  of  Hips.— Fig.  8  shows  how 
to  get  the  points  to  use  on  the  square  for 
the  edge  bevel  of  the  hip  rafter.  Here  the 
hip   is   shown   on  the   side,   but  in   an  up- 


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side  down  position.  The  run  is  represented 
by  c-d,  the  rise  by  d-a,  and  the  rafter  length 
by  a-c.  Xovv'  set  the  compass  at  point  c  and 
transfer  the  rafter  length  from  c-a  to  c-b. 
By  taking  the  tangent  on  the  tongue  of  the 
square  and  the  rafter  length  on  the  blade, 
you  can  mark  the  edge  bevel  along  the 
blade  of  the  square.  It  should  be  remem- 
bered that  in  all  cases  where  the  top  edge 
of  the  rafter  is  curved  or  irregular,  the  mark- 
ing is  done  on  the  bottom  edge  of  the  rafter. 
It  should  also  be  remembered  that  the  run 
used  in  such  operations  is  measured  from 
the  heel  of  the  seat  cut,  rather  than  from 
the  toe. 


Principle   the    Same.— The   student  is   ad- 

\ised  to   study  the  various   problems   given 

here,  in  keeping  \viih  similar  problems  that 

have  been  treated  before.    For  in  principle 

there  is  Httle  difference,  excepting  the  shape 

of  the  upper  edges  of  the  rafters. 
1- — « 

Wants  to  Know 
A  reader  wants  to  know  how  to  get  the 
cuts  for  braces  in  the  panels  of  garage  doors. 


BDRR  MFfi.  CO., 


Dept  t-9.  M«M5  Venice  Bhd. 
L»>  AneelF>  .14.  CaJif. 


Fig.   1 

when  the  bearings  at  the  comers  are  equal, 
as  shown  in  Figs.  1  and  2. 

A  ver\'  practical  and  simple  way  is  illus- 
trated by  Fig.  1.    The  panel  is  32  inches  by 


THE    CARPENTER 


41 


48  inches.  The  two  cuts  can  be  obtained 
with  tlie  square  by  taking  48  inches,  less 
the  4-inch  bearing,  or  44  inches;  and  32 
inches,  less  the  4-inch  bearing,  or  28  inches, 


Fig.  2 

as  shown  by  the  figures  on  the  drawing.  But 
these  figures  are  too  large  to  be  taken  on  the 
square,  so  44  and  28  will  have  to  be  re- 
duced by  dividing  both  figures  by  2,  which 
will  give  22  and  14.    Now  take  22  on  the 


MAKE 


an  hour 

FILING 
.1  SAWS 
With  the  ZAPART  FILER 

Available    in    2   Models — Prices   $36    &    $48 
attachments    extra 

ZAPART  SAW  FILER 

586  Manhattan  Ave.  BROOKLYN  22,  N.  Y. 

Exclusive    Manufacturer    &    Distributor 


blade  and  14  on  the  tongue  of  the  square— 
the  blade  will  give  the  cut  that  joins  the  side 
of  the  panel,  while  the  tongue  will  give  the 
cut  that  joins  the  end  of  the  panel. 

Fig.  2  shows  the  same  layout  with  the 
braces  in  place.  Here  12  is  taken  as  the  base 
figure,  while  the  key  figure  that  is  used  on 
the  tongue,  must  be  found  by  applying  the 
square  as  shown.  Square  A  is  in  position  for 
marking  the  cut  that  joins  the  side  of  the 


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TRIP-HAMMER 

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•  LIGHT  WEIGHT 

•  TOOL  BOX  SIZE 

•  SETS  UP  EASILY 
Postpaid        •  MONEY  BACK  GUARANTEE 

Set  saws  faster.  NO  CRAMPED  HANDS. 
Every  tooth  set  uniformly.  Handles  5  to  12 
point  hand  saws,  3"  to  10"  circular  saws.  Two  man  cross 
cut   saws. 

Send  Check,  Money  Order  or  Postal  Note. 
P.  O.  Box  C-2864 
Rocky  River  Station,  Ohio 


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Simplified  design,  no  blade  slip- 
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Model       Expansion  Cap.       Ret.  Price 


250 


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7/8"— 3" 


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See  your  dealer  or  wrife 
ROBERT    H.    CLARK    COMPANY 

Beverly  Hills,  California 


MANUFACTURERS    OF    PRECISION    CUTTING    TOOLS 


1001  USES  ABOUT  THE  JOB 

Reduce  your  costs  and  save  labor  with  Paine  p«fw 
fforated  Hanger  Iron.  You  will  find  unlimited  uce$ 
for  this  amazingly  usable  product:  For  hanging 
pipe,  cable,  conduit  and  for  many  types  of  strength- 
ening construction.  Bend  or  twist  it  to  fit  your 
needs— hang  it  with  nuts  and  bolts,  screws  or  nails. 
Furnished  in  10'  zinc-plated  coils,  W  wide  and  20 
gauge.  Perforated  with  holes  for  Va"  bolts  on  %" 
centers.  Ask  for  Paine  coiled  Hanger  Iron  from 
your   supplier   today. 


Write  for  catatog. 


THE  PAINE  COMPANY 

2967  Carroll  Ave.  Chicago  12,  HI. 


m       ^ 

B— V3^? 

42 


THE    CARPENTER 


panel,  ■  while  square  B  gives  the  cut  that 
joins  the  side  of  the  panel.  The  same  fig- 
ures are  used  in  both  applications,  but  in  A 
the  blade  gives  the  cut,  while  in  B  the 
tongue   gives   the   cut.     Square   C   gives  the 


2-4-(S 


<J-+-2 


Fig.  3 


application  of  the  square  to  get  the  cut  for 
the  center  joints. 

Fig.  3  shows  a  rather  long  panel  with 
three  braces  on  top  of  each  other,  joining 
the  same  two  corners.    The  cross  section  at 


You  Need  an 

EMPIREfor 

Top-Level  Craftsmanship! 


EMPIRE  stands  for  extreme  accuracy 
wherever  good  levels  are  used — and 
that's  why  craftsmen  by  the  thousands 
consider  it  their  first  and  only  level. 
When  you  use  Model  151,  illustrated, 
you'll  know  the  advantages  of  inter- 
changeable vials,  accurate  adjustments 
for  pitch  work,  precision  machined 
edges  and  easily  read  marks.  Have 
your  dealer  show  you  Model  151  and 
other  EMPIRE  Levels,  or  write  for 
details. 

Extreme       *»*Tj|piB^ 
EMPIRE       {^i?^:^^^ 

Accuracy 


EMPIRE  LEVEL  MFG.  COMPANY 


Dept.    TC,    10930    W.    Potter    Rd.,    Milwaukee    13,    Wis. 


the  center  shows  the  position  they  hold.  The 
first,  brace  has'  6-inch  bearings,   the  second 
brace    has    4-inch    bearings,    and   the    third 
brace    has    2-inch    bearings.     Although    the! 
three  braces  join  the  same  two  corners,  theyl 
do  not  hold  the  same  position,  as  to  angles, 
slopes,  and  cuts.    The  purpose  of  Fig.  3  is 
to  show  that  when  the  wddths  of  the  braces  j 
are  different,  the  positions  of  the  braces  in  j 
the  panel  are  changed  accordingly. 


SUPER  101  BUTT  GAGE 

SPEEDS  DOOR  HANGING 

Light,   precise   steel 
template 
for     locat- 
ing  both 
31"  and  4" 
standard 
butt   hing- 
es.    Hold 
to    door    or    jamb. 
Mark    with    knife 
blade,    scriber    or 
ONLY   $1.00   ea.  ^         chisel.       Scratch 

depth  with  edge  of  template.  Remove  chips 
in  normal  manner.  Chrome  finish  gage  is 
easy  to  carry  ;  simple,  fast,  accurate  to  use. 

SUPER  99  SQUARE 


GAGE 


Light,  precision 
made  gages.  To 
be  used  with 
carpenter's     steel 
sciuares.    Valuable 
in    laying    our    nu- 
merous   repeat    an- 
gles   as    in    stair 
stringers,   hip    and       O^LY  $1.25  pr. 

,,  „,  .„      If  Dealer  Cannot  Supply 

valley     rafters,     etc.    order    Direct,    Postpaid 

CC-9     317  E.  4th  Street. 
Los  Angeles  13,  Calif. 


A.  D.  McBURNEY 


MILLERS  FALLS 
COMPANY 


For  faster,  easier,  more  accurate  work  — 

THE  NEW  LANGDON  ACME 

Favorite  of  carpenters  for  genera- 
tions —  the  Langdon  Acme  is  now 
even  better  than  ever.  In  every  de- 
tail it  brings  you  the  last  word  in 
design  and  construction  —  without 
question  the  finest  mitre  box  made. 
See  it  at  your  dealer's  soon. 


MILLERS   FALLS 
TOOLS 


BUILD  PRESTIGE  ...  SATISFY 

CUSTOMERS  rftfsfasy;  Economical  Way 


B1LL,Y0U'LLBE  GLAD  I  SPECIFIED  NICHOLS 
NEVEP-STAIN  ALUMINUM  NAILS  FOR  YOUR 
HOME.  THEY  won't  RUST  LIKE  ORDINAR/ 
NAILS.  THEY  WON'T  STREAK  OR  STAIN 
PAINTED  SIDIN6  OR  CAUSE  SIDIN6  TO 
LOOSEN  THROUGH  NAIL  RUST.  VETTHEV 
COST  LESS  THAN  *3.50  MORE  THAN  ORD- 
INARY NAILS  FOR  YOUR  FIVE-ROOM  HOUSE 


:ed/    THERE'S  A   BIG 
DIFFERENCE  IN  NAILS! 


Nichols  Never-Staln  Aluminum 
Nails  are  etched  from  head  to 
tip  for  greater  holding  power 
.  .  .  drive  easily  .  .  .  lighter  to 
carry  .  .  ,  and  cost  less  to 
apply  because  no  countersink- 
ing or  puttying  is  necessary! 
Billions  have   been  used. 


WIDE    VARIETY    OF 
TYPES    AND    SIZES 


?40W  PACKAGED  FOR  THE  JOB! 

•'Aluminum  Roofing  Nails:  'Wood  Siding  Nails  —  Casing  or  Sinker  Head 
•  Asbestos  Siding  Nails  •  Rock  Lath  Nails  •  Shingle  Nails  •  Asbestos  Shingle 
Nails     •     Cedar  Shake   Nails     •     Driwall-Bpard   Nails    •     Roofing   Nails  with  or 

■  -  .-J-^^^,^^^_/\'^ .'  without  Gopa-Lee  neoprene  washers  . 


NICHOLS  WIRE  &  ALUMINUM  CO. 

General  Office  and  Plant — Davenport,  Iowa 

Branches  —  Mason     City,     Iowa        •        Battle     Creek,     Mich. 
South  Deerfield,  Mass.     •     Oakland,  Cal.     •     Seattle,  Wash. 


U  M  I  N  U  M     IS     NOT     A     SUBSTITUTE! 


SPBevcon  toolsz 


WUC  SAVB  YOU 
TIME  AND  MONey 


SPEED  SAW  FILER 
Now  file  your  own  saws!  Precision  fil- 
ing easy  without  experience.  Two  sim- 
ple adjustments.  Keeps  any  hand  saw 
extra  sharp  and  true  cutting.  Complete 
with  file  and  ready  to  use     $2.9S 


DRILL   GRINDER 

Makes  old  drills  cut  like  new. 
Sharpens  3/32"  to  \W  drills  with 
factory  accuracy  in  30  sees.  No  ex- 
perience necessary.  Use  with  hand 
or    power    grinding    wheels.      $2  95 


SPEED    HANDLE 
Holds  files,  razor  blades,  taps,  drills, 
Allen    wrenches,    bits   etc.     Operates 
similar    to     drill     chuck.     Precision 
made.    Handiest  tool  in  tool  box.     $1 


SPEED  GRIP  PLANE 
Precision  made,  pocket  sized  plane 
as  easy  to  grip  as  big  one.  S'A" 
X  I 'A"  face.  Can't  be  beat  for  all 
around  fitting  and  finishing.  Blade 
guaranteed  to  hold  edge.     $1.95 


SPEED    SAW    CLAMP 
Grips   full    length    of   hand   saws — 30    inches. 
Saves  time.  Attached  or  released  from   bench 
in    15   seconds.    Lifetime    construction.    Holds 
entire    saw    true    without    vibration.     $4.95 


CIRCULAR  SAW  FILER 
Sharpen  circular  saws  like  an 
expert.  Adjustable  for  any  pitch 
or  angle.  Complete  with  file  and 
mandrels  for  blades  with  </2"> 
%",  %",  13/16"  center*.    $6.95 


Order  Today!    Cash  with  order,   prepaid.     COD    postage   extra.     Money  back   Guarantea 


SPEEDCOR  PRODUCTS  °-?.;;.'.;?iX"' 


.S."»°> 


y^      HANG  THAT  DOOR 
THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


Makes  a  clean-cut,  deeply-etched  profile  on  door. 
Keraove  chips.  Repeat  operation  on  jamb.  Hang 
door!  No  adjustments.  No  fussing.  Precision  made. 
Drop-forged,  heat-treated  steel.  Comes  in  3",  3i" 
and  4"    (Std)    sizes. 

ONLY  $1.75  ea. — $3.50  a  pair 
(any  two) — $5.25  complete  set 
of  three.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
send  only  $1.00  with  order  and 
pay  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  O.  D.  In  Canada,  .2.5c 
higher  per  order.  No  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    wanted. 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 

"Really  a  help  for  the 
'old  hands'  and  almost 
a  'must'  for  the  nen 
boys." 

S.   H.   Glover 
Cincinnati,   Ohio 

"The    greatest  help    In 

hanging  doors  I  have 
ever    seen." 

J.    Allen  Charles 

Mullins,  S.   C. 


Comes  With        Conceded  by   carpenters   to  be  almost  indispensable, 
Leatherette  case    j^g  hundreds  of  testimonials  in  file  show. 
("E-Z  Mark"  Trade  Mark  Reg.) 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  Dept.  C,  Los  Angeles  16.  Cal. 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377,  Dept.  C. 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 


V 

ham 

I 


C/ip    and     mail     handy     order    form     below. 


Gentlemen 


'E-Z' 


Please   send   the    follovying 
Check 

n         one  of  any  siie   $1.75 

n         two    of  any   size   $3.50 

n         complete    set    of    three    any    size    $5.25 

I    enclose    check    or    money    order  Q 

Send   C.    O.    D D 


Mark    Butt  Gauges   as   checked   below: 
Size 


Name: 

Address: City. 

State: ': 


.Zone- 


If  you  like 
fine  tools 

...then  you'll  really  enjoy  the  smooth, 
fast  action  of  the  'GREENLEE  22" 
Solid-Center  Auger  Bit.  And  you  know 
it  reaches  you  "factory  sharp," 
for  each  is  Plasik-Sealed  with  a  special 
protective  coating.  Ask  your  hardware 
dealer  for  "GREENLEE  22." 


GREENLEE 


SPECIAL  OFFER  . . .  WOODWORKING 
CALCULATOR. ..104.  Quick  solutions  to 
countless  problems. ..converting  linear 
to  board  feet,  nail  and  bit  sizes,  etc  Send  10c  to 
Greenlee  Tool  Co.,  2089  Columbia  Ave.,  Rockford,  IIL 


NOW 


\  Earn  Better  Pay  This  Easy  Way 


CARPENTERS'  CHOICE! 

LUFKIN  "LEADER"  WITH 

CHROME -CLAD 

BLADE! 

Easy  to  Read  Markings 
That  Are  Durable  >■ 

With  carpenters  who  put  measuring  tapes 
to  the  toughest  tests  .  .  .  the  Lufkin 
"Leader"  Chrome-Clad  Steel  Tape  is  first 
choice.  Here's  why  the  "LEADER" 
gives  longer  wear— easier  reading— more 
accuracy: 

•  Non-glare  CHROME-CLAD  satin  finish. 

•  Prominent  black  markings  contrast  against  chrome 
white  background. 

•  Finish  will  not  crack,  chip,  peel,  or  corrode. 

•  Steel  lope  line  kink  and  v/ear  resislanl. 

•  Sturdy  steel  case — handsomely  covered. 

•  Resists  both  rust  and  corrosion. 

SEE  IT  .  .  .  THE  LUFKIN  CHROME -CLAD  "LEADER"! 

THE  LUFKIN  RULE  CO.  •  TAPES  •  RULES  •  PRECISION  TOOLS 
I  SAGINAW,  MICHIGAN   •   New  YorK  City  •   Barrie.  Ontario 


CARPENTRY 
ESTIMATING 

...QUICK.. .EASY.. .ACCURATE 

vtrith  this  simplified  guide! 

You  can  earn  higher  pay  when  you  know  how 
to  estimate.  Here  is  everything  you  need  to 
know  to  "take  off"  a  bill  of  materials  from  set 
of  plans  and  specifications  for  a  frame  house. 
Saves  you  time  figuring  jobs,  protects  you 
against  oversights  or  mistakes  that  waste 
materials  and  cost  money.  Nothing  compli- 
cated— just  use  simple  arithmetic  to  do  house 
carpentry  estimating  with  this  easy-to-use  ready 
reference  handbook. 

SIMPLIFIED 
CARPENTRY  ESTIMATING 

Shows  you,  step  by  step,  how  to  figure  mate- 
rials needed  for  (1)  foundation,  (2)  framing, 
(3)  exterior  finish,  (4)  interior  finish,  (5) 
hardware,  and  (6)  stairs.  Gives  definite  "take- 
off" rules,  with  many  quick-reference  tables  and 
short-cut  methods  that  simplify  the  work. 

onrAllia  CCATIIDrQ*  Lumber  Checking  List.  Mill- 
OrtUIHL  rCHIUnCO.  work  Checking  List.  Hard- 
ware Checking  List.  Materials  Ordering  Information.  Quick- 
Figuring  Tables  for  estimating  concrete  footings  and  walls, 
concrete  piers,  window  frames,  door  and  window  areas, 
sash  weights,  nail  quantities.  How  to  figure  labor  hours 
per  unit  of  work.  Rules  for  linear,  area  and  volume 
measurement.  Mathematical  reference  tables,  including  dec- 
imal equivalents,  lumber  reckoner,  conversion  of  weights  and 
measures,  etc.  New  chapter,  "How  to  Plan  a  House,"  gives 
useful  data  for  contractors  and  material  dealers. 

TIIDBI  TA  OUADTCD  D  vvhen  you  receive  this  book. 
lUnn  lU  VnHrlCn  O,  and  see  the  "Estimating 
Short  Cuts"  you  can  use  for  Quick  figuring  of  board  foot- 
age. Here  are  simplified  ways  to  estimate  lumber  needed 
for  floors,  walls,  ceilings,  roof,  door  and  window  frames, 
inside  trim  for  these  frames,  inside  trim  for  inside  doors, 
and  drawers  and  cabinets.  This  chapter  alone  can  be  worth 
the  entire  price  of  the  book  to  you! 

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MAIL  THIS  COUPON 


SIMMONS-BOARDMAN  Publishing  Corp. (Carp. 950) 
30    Church    Street,    New    York   7,    N.    Y. 

Send  me  for  10  DAYS  FREE  TRIAL.  "Simpli- 
fied Carpentry  Estimating."  I  will  either  return 
it  in  10  days  and  owe  nothing,  or  send  only  $3.50 
(plus   shippir.g  charges)    in   full   payment. 


City   &   State 


THE  CARPENTER'S  HANDY  HELPER 


/ 


a 


\oekct^^ 


wMm.  mm 


has  dozens  of  uses  on  every  job ! 

For  that  ''FINISHED  TOUCH*' 
Plastic  Wood  can  be  used 
for  filling: 

•  Nail  holes 

•  Cracks  due  to  wood 

shrinkage 

•  Countersunk  screws 

•  Old  screw  holes 

•  Loose  dowel  pins 

•  Broken  railings 

•  Split,  cracked  or  splintered 

wood  in  bowling  alleys. 

HANDLES  LIKE  PUTTY... 
HARDENS  INTO  WOOD 

Keep  a  supply  of  PLASTIC  WOOD  SOL- 
VENT on  hand  to  control  the  consistency 
of'PLASTIC  WOOD.  SOLVENT  is  also 
used  for  cleaning  hands  and  tools. 

•  On  sale  at  all  Builders'  Supplies, 

Hardware  and  Paint  Stores 


BUY  THE  1  lb.  CAN 


Boyle-Mldwoy  tnc 

22  Coil  dOth  Strt«l 
N«w  Y«fk  I  6.  N.  r. 


Ist-^Measure   tread    or   riser  in    10    seconds 

ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE' 

Saves  HALF  Your  Time 
Building  Staircases 

In  10  seconds  you  get  both  correct 
length  and  angle  for  stair  treads,  risers, 
closet  shelves,  ready  to  mark  board. 
Each  end  automatically  pivots  and  locks 
at  exact  length  and  angle  needed  for 
perfect  fit.  Length  adjustable  from  20" 
up.  Saves  a  day  or  more,  increases  your 
profits  $20  to  $30  on  each  staircase. 
Fully  guaranteed.    Circular  on  request 

Only  $12.95  cash  with  order, 
or  C.O.D.  plus  postage. 

CLIASON    TOvL    CO.       Minneapolis     17,     Minn. 

Dealers    and   Agents    Write    Us 

2nd — Mark  board  ■with   gauge   for  perfect  fit 


Full  Length  Roof  Framer 

A  pocket  size  book  with  the  EN- 
TIRE length  of  Common-Hip-Valley 
and  Jack  rafters  completely  worked 
out  for  you.  The  flattest  pitch  is  Vz 
inch  rise  to  12  inch  run.  Pitches  in- 
crease V2  inch  rise  each  time  until 
the  steep  pitch  of  24"  rise  to  12" 
run  is  reached. 

There  are  2400  widths  of  build- 
ings for  each  pitch.  The  smallest 
width  is  %  inch  and  they  increase 
1/4"  each  time  until  they  cover  a  50 
foot  building. 

There  are  2400  Commons  and  2400 
Hip,  Valley  &  Jack  lengths  for  each 
pitch.  230,400  rafter  lengths  for  48 
pitches. 

A  hip  roof  is  48'-9i4"  wide.  Pitch 
is  IVz"  rise  to  12"  run.   You  can  pick 
out  the  length  of  Commons,  Hips  and 
Jacks         jjj  Qj^j,  ]viiNUTE 
Let  us  prove  it,  or  return  your  money. 

Getting  the  lengtht  of  raften  by  the  span  and 
the  method  of  setting  up  the  tablet  is  fully  pro- 
tected by  the  1917  &   1944  Copyrights. 

Price  $2.50  Postpaid.  If  C.  O.  D.  pay  $2.85. 

Californians    Add    8c.    Money    back    privilege. 

Canadians    use    Money    Orders. 

A.  RIECHERS 

p.  O.  Box  405  Palo  Alto,  Calif. 


NOTICE 

The  publishers  of  "The  Carpenter"  reserre  the 
right  to  reject  all  adTertlsing  matter  which  may 
be,  In  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters   and  Joiners  of  America. 

All  Contracts  for  advertising  space  In  "The  Car- 
penter," Including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellahle,  are  only  accepted  si'bject  to  the  abore 
reserved   rights  of  the  publishers. 


Index  of  Advertisers 


Carpenters'  Tools  and  Accessories 

Page 

The    American    Floor    Surfacing 

Machine    Co.,    Toledo,    Ohio 5 

Ardee      Tool      Co.,      Rocky      River 

Station,    Ohio     41 

E.  C.  Atkins   &   Co.,  Indianapolis, 

Ind.    4th   Cover 

Burr  Mfg.   Co.,  Los   Angeles,   Cal.         40 
Robert  H.   Clark   Co.,   Beverly 

Hills,    Calif.    41 

Henry      Disston      &      Sons,      Inc., 

Philadelphia,    Pa.    48 

Dremel     Mfsr.     Co.,     Racine,     Wis.         47 
Eliason     Tool     Co.,     Minneapolis, 

Minn.    46 

Empire   Level   Mfg.    Co.,    Mil-wau- 

kee.   Wis. 42 

E-Z    Mark    Tools,    Los    Angeles, 

Cal. 44 

FIorboss-Habit    Co.,    Chicago,    111.  7 

Foley    Mfg.     Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn.    48 

Greenlee    Tool    Co.,  Rockford,   III..         45 
The    Lufkin    Rule    Co.,    Sagina-vv, 

Mich.    45 

A.    D.    McBumey,    Los    Angeles, 

CaL      42 

Millers      Falls       Co.,      Greenfield, 

Mass.     42 

Nichols    Wire    &    Aluminum    Co., 

Davenport,   Iowa 43 

The  Paine   Co.,   Chicago,   111 41 

Plastic    Wood,    New    York,    N.   Y.        46 

Skilsaw,    Inc.,    Chicago,    111 6 

Speedcor  Products,  Portland,  Ore.  44 

Stanley    Tools,    New    Britain, 

Conn.     3rd  Cover 

Zapart  Saw  Filer,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.       41 

Carpentrj'  Materials 

E.  L.  Bruce  Co.,  Memphis,  Tenn.  3rd   Cover 
The    Upson    Co.,   Lockport,    N.    Y.  8 

Technical  Courses  and  Books 

American    Technical    Society, 

Chicago,    III. 47 

Audel    Publishers,    New    York, 

N.    Y.    3rd  Cover 

Chicago    Technical     College,    Chi- 
cago,   111.    3 

A.    Riechers,    Palo    Alto,    Cal 46 

H.   H.    Siegele,    Emporia,    Kans 40 

Simmons-Boardman   Publishing 

Corp.,   New  York,   N.  Y 45 

Tamblyn   System,    Denver.    Colo—        43 


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Coupon    Brings    Nine    Big    Bool^s    For    Examination 

.\MIRIC.\-N  TECKN'IC.U  SOcilY  "       Pnbliihcn  smce  1898 

Dept,  G-636,  Drexei  at  38th  Street.  Chicago  37,  [II. 
Tou  may  ship  me  the  TTp-to-Date  edition  of  your  nine 
big  books,  "Building,  Estimating,  and  Contraclng"  with- 
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only,  and  If  fully  satisfied  in  ten  days.  I  will  send  you 
Jo.O'T,  and  after  that  only  $-4.00  a  month,  until  the  total 
price  of  only  $34.80  Is  paid.  I  am  not  oblleated  la  Ui7 
way  unless  I  keep  the  books. 

Address      


City    State 

Attach  letter  stating  age,  occupation,  employer's  name  and 
address,  and  name  and  address  of  at  least  one  buslneii 
man   as  reference.     Men  In  service,    also   give  home   addreu. 

FINER  FINISH  SANDING 
AT  A  NEW  LOW  PRICE! 


OKES 

PER  MINUTE 

EVERY    CARPENTER    NEEDS  

EVERY  CARPENTER  CAN  AFFORD  THIS  TOOL! 

Here  for  the  first  time  in  the  building  field. 
is  a  fast  cutring  nni.-h  ia::Jer  ar  a  remarkabiy 
lo-w  price.  It's  sturdily  built  to  -withstand  con- 
tinuous operation,  and  has  a  straight-line  recip- 
rocating action— leaves  no  cross-grain  or  rotary 
scratches.  Weighs  5  lbs.  No  bearing-down  .  .  . 
weight  of  Sander  does  the  work.  Only  2  mov- 
ing parts  .  .  .  never  needs  oiling.  Uses  110- 
120  V.  A.  C.  Dust-proof,  fool-proof,  fully 
guaranteed.  Size  3H"  ^ -iVi"  ^  ""•  Paper  can 
be  changed  in  seconds.  Call  your  sup- 
plier  or  write  for  details. 

DREMEL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 


2422    18th   Street 


Rocine,    Wisconsin 


YOUR  skill 
helped  by 

skill 


Skilled  Disston  veterans  put  Disston  Saws  through  scores  of  tests 


Work    faster    and    easier,    save    material,    do 

less  sharpening,  by  using  Disston  Saws.  They're 

made  of  Disston  Steel  with  Disston  SkiU.   That 

means  strictly  uniform  hardness  and  temper,  true 

taper   grind,    tooth   edges   that   last   longer— plus 

balance  and  flex  that  carpenters  say  is   '*just  right." 

The  economy  that  comes  from  quality  has  made  Disston 

the  saw  most  carpenters  use. 

HENRY  DISSTOK  &  SONS,  INC.,  904  Tacony,  Philadelphia  35,  Pa.,  U.S. A. 

In  Canada,  write:  2-20  Fraser  Ave.,  Toronto  3,  Ont. 


^llahA 


$20  \o  $30  a  Week 

IXmfii  MONEYS 


With  the  high  prices  of  food,  clothing  and  everything 
else,  just  think  what  you  could  do  with  extra  money 
every  week!  Turn  your  spare  time  into  CASH — sharp- 
ening iiv/B  with  a  Foley  Automatic  Saw  Filer  pays  up 
to  $2  or  $3  an  hour.  Start  in  your  basement  or  garage 
— no  experience  necessary.  "The  tirst  saw  I  sharpened 
with  my  Foley  Filer  came  out  100%"— writes  Clarence 
E.  Parsons.  No  Canvassing — "I  advertised  in  our  local 
paper  and  got  in  93  saws" — says  M.  L.  Thompson. 
With  a  Foley  you  can  file  all  band  saws,  also  band  and 
crosscut    circular    saws. 

FREE  BOOK 

Shows  How  To  Start 

"Independence  After 
40"    explains    how 
you  can  get  business 
from    home    own 
ers,  farmers,  car 
penters,    schools,    fac 
tories,  etc.   "I  get  work 
from  20  and  30  miles 
away,"     says     Charles 
H.    Smith.   Investigate 
— no  salesman  will  call 
— send  coupon  today. 


Se*u^  ^(MfKM  7<w  FREE  BOOK 


FOLEY  MFG.  CO.  91t-0  Foley  Bldg.,     Minntapolis  U.  Minn. 

Send  FREE  BOOK— "Independence  After  40" 


Name   -. 
Address 


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  own  busi- 
ness and  be  your  own  boss  the  "Tamblyn 
System"  Home  Study  Course  in  Estimating 
will  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  carpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  you  can  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
first  lesson  begins  with  excavations  and  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  you 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidance  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced  to  the  language  you  understand. 
You  will  never  find  a  more  opportune  time 
to  establish  yourself  in  business  than  now. 
Study  the  course  for  ten  days  absolutely 
free.  If  you  decide  you  don't  want  to  keep 
it,  just  return  it.  Otherwise  send  us  $8.75 
and  pay  the  balance  of  $30.00  at  $7.50  per 
month,  making  a  total  of  $38.75  for  the  com- 
plete course.  On  request  we  will  send  you 
plans,  specifications,  estimate  sheets,  a  copy 
of  the  Building  Labor  Calculator,  and  com- 
plete instructions.  What  we  say  about  this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to  be  after  you  examine  it  is  the  only  thing 
that  matters.  You  be  the  judge;  your  deci- 
sion is  final. 

Write  your  name  and  address  clearly  and 
give  your  age,  and  trade  experience. 

TAMBLYN  SYSTEM 

1115    So.    Pearl    St.,   C-45,    Denver    10,    Colo. 


STANLEY 

Ho.  227 

.  ixferisioii:  Rut®  \ 
witli  the  "Greeii  irids 


•  Straight-grained  Maple  sticlcs  —  extra  thick  —  tough  and  flexible. 
'Large  black  Gothic  numerals.  Graduated  in  ]6ths  on  all  edges.  Brass 
slide  extends  6  inches.  NEW  plastic  finish  on  all  sticks  —  wears  4  times 
longer.  Nickel  silver  joints  —  rust-resistant.  "Ball  socket"  action  pre- 
vents stretching.  6  inch  folds. 

Take  measurements  faster,  easier  with  the  Stanley- 
No.  227  Extension  Rule.  Has  all  the  features  of 
Stanley  "Green  End"  Rules  plus  a  6  inch  brass  ex- 
tension for  accurate  inside  measuring.  You  get  more 
value  .  .  .  more  measure-ability  in  the  Stanley  No. 
227  Extension  Rule.  See  the  No.  227  and  other 
Stanley  Rules  at  your  local  dealer's — there's  a  wide 
range  of  styles,  sizes  and  markings. 


STANLEY  TOOLS 
New  Britain,  Conn* 


THE   TOOL   BOX   OF  THE  WORLD 

[STANLEY] 


Reg.  U.S.  Pat.  Off. 


(ARDWARE  •  TOOLS  •  ELECTRIC   TOOLS  •  STEEL   STRAPPING  •STEEL 


BRUCE 

IHardwood  Flooring 

BLOCK    •    PLANK    •    STRIP 


AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

4vois.$6 


Inside  Trade  Information 

for  Carpenters,  Builders,  Join- 
ers, BuildinET  Mechanics  and  all 
Woodworkers.  These  Gaides 
grive  yoa  the  short-cut  instruc- 
tions that  FOQ  want— includine 
new  methods,  ideas,  solutions, 
plans,  systems  and  njoney  sov- 
mg  suggestions.  An  easy  pro- 
gressive course  for  the  appren- 
tice and  student.  A  practical 
daily  helper  and  Quick  Refer- 
ence for  the  master  worker. 
Carpenters  everywhere  are  us- 
ing these  Guides  as  a  Helping 
Hand  to  Easier  Work,  Better 
Work  and  Better  Pay.  To  get 
this  assistance  for  yoorsalf. 
Bimpl^  finjn  ar^d 
mail 


nply  fill  in  and     _  .  .    . 
lil  FEEE  COUPON  below. 


Inside  Trade  Information  On: 

How  to  use  the  steel  square — How  to  file  and 
set  saws — ^How  to  build  furniture — How  to  use 
a  mitre  box — ^How  to  use  the  chali  line — How 
to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 
Carpenters  arithmetic — Solving  mensuration 
problems— Estimating  strength  of  timbers — 
Bow  to  set  girders  and  sills — How  to  frame 
houses  and  roofs — How  to  estimate  costs — How 
to  build  houses,  barns,  garages,  bungalows,  etc. 
— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 
Bpeciflcations — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 
Bettings  12.  13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 
to  build  hoists  and  soaflolds — skylights — How 
to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  Interior  trim — 
How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors — How  to  paint. 

AIJDEL,  Publ'isiiers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  York  10,  N.  Y. 

Mail  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  on  7  days'  free 
trial.  If  OK  I  will  remit  $1  in  7  days  and  $1  monthly  until  $6  is.paid. 
■•Otiierwise  I  will  return  them.  No  obligation  unless  I  am  satisfied. 


Occupation- 


Employed  by- 


CAB 


OF  ALL   FINE   SAWS  ...  THE   FINEST  ARE   "SILVER  STEEL"  SAWS 


only  ATKINS  makes 
SAWS 


Atkins  "Si/vef  Sfee/"  circular 
and  compass  saws  are  un- 
equalled for  fast-cutting,  stay- 
sharp  qualities!  . . .  Make  cer- 
tain the  words  "^Silver  Steel" 
are  etched  on  the  blade  when 
you  buy  a  saw  for  any  purpose. 


Atkins  No.  65  saw  —  outstanding  favorite  with 
craftsmen  carpenters  for  many  years  —  has  a 
running  mate.  It's  Atkins  Jr. -65  —  a  "chip  off 
the  old  block" —  an  exact  counterpart  of 
Atkins  No.  65,  only  smaller  and  lighter.  Not 
only  carpenters,  but  their  sons  and  wives  as 
well,  will  welcome  this  precision-made  saw  with 
its  16"  "Silver  Steel"  blade.  Perfection  Handle 
and  delicate  balance.  See  it  at  your  local 
hardware  store. 


E.    C.    ATKINS    AND    COMPANY 
Nome  Office  and  Factory:  402  S.  Illinois  Street,  Indianapolis  9,  Indiana 
Branch  Factory :   Portland,  Oregon,     Knife  Factory :   Lancaster, 
Branch  Offices:     Atlanta     •     Chicago     •     New  Orleans 


Its  9,  Indiana  * 

laster,    N.  Y.  \       I 

•    New  York  \      1 

ATKINS^ 


Atkins  "Silver  Sftel' 
files  designed  for 
every  filing  need. 


FOUNDED    1881 

Official  Publication  of  tfxe 
UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS  of  AMERICA 

OCTOBER,      1950 


Let's  Not  Forget 


&mMM;sMmxsmM-z:i^' 


WHEN  STRIKERS  WERE  SHOT! 

In  1887,  an  Eastern  railroad  cut  its  employes'  wages  10  per  cent— 
for  the  third  time  in  three  years.  Workers  left  their  jobs  in  protest. 
In  Baltimore,  the  Sixth  Maryland  militia,  marching  to  the  railroad, 
fired  on  strikers  and  their  supporters,  killing  twelve  persons.  After 
more  than  half  a  century  of  struggle  by  organized  labor,  strikers 
today  are  protected  against  such  outrages.  But,  even  today,  there 
are  selfish  men  seeking  control  of  Congress  who  would  turn  back 
the  clock  to  erase  labors  victories. 

Protect  Your  Hard  Won   Gains" 

REGISTER  and  VOTE 


$200.00  To  $400.00 

A  WEEK 

with  a 


NO  EDGER   NEEDED 


NO  EXTRA  MACHINES  TO  PAY  FOR 
NO  SPECIAL  EXPERIENCE  OR  SKILL 


I  Yflll    TOO     TANf   DO   IT That's  exactly  what  owners  of  the  Florboss  are 

\  lUU     il/U)    V/ill    l/U    11  reporting  to  us — earnings  of  $40  to  $75  per  day, 

ji  sanding  new  or  old  floors  with  the  machine  that  Needs  No  Edger. 


EASY -PROFITABLE. 


One  machine  does  the  job  complete — no  edging  ma- 
chine to  tire  your  back — no  stooping,  bending  or  crawl- 
ing on  hands  and  knees — no  heavy  weight  lifting.  Floor  sanding  is  fast,  easy.  Big 
Pay  Now.  Full  Time  or  Part  Time — YOU  WILL  PROFIT. 


'l?T\fr^    niTT    WnW       ^^^  about  this  wonderful  machine  and   how  you   can  start 
Tllll/    vU  1    llU  tY        right  in  and  be  successful.  It  costs  less  than  $400,  full  price. 


Monthly  payments  if  desired. 


PROVE  IT  TO  YOURSELF 
BY  OUR  FREE  TRIAL  OFFER 

FOR  QUICK  ACTION  -  EVBAIL  COUPON 


FLORBOSS-HABIT   CO. 

4181    Montrose   Ave.,    Chicago   41,    111. 

Please    send    complete    information    on    the    Florboss    and 
Free  Trial  OfEer. 


Name     . 
Address 


. State 


City    Zone 

I  am   interested  as   a   Building    Contractor 
Going     Into     Business 
Floor     Sanding     Contractor 

Please  check  one  of  the  above. 


TncCT^^frcR 


Trade   Mark   Reg.   March,   1913 


A   Monthly   Journal,   Owned    and   Published    by   the    United    Brotherhood    of    Carpenters    and    Joiners 
of  America,  for  all  its  Members  of  all  its  Branches. 

PETER  E.  TERZICK.  Editor 

Carpenters'  Building,  222  E.  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis  4,  Indiana 

Established  in   1881 
Tol.  LXX — No.  10 


INDIANAPOLIS,  OCTOBER,   1950 


One   Dollar  Per  Year 
Ten  Cents  a  Copy 


—  Con  tents  — 


A  Convention  to  Remember        -         _         .         -  7 

The  Twenty-sixth  General  Convention  sets  a  new  record  not  only  for  size  but  also 
for  harmoniousness  and  singleness  of  purpose.  With  a  minimum  of  guest  speakers, 
the  convention  devoted  practically  all  its  time  to  matters  of  direct  interest  to  the 
membership. 


We  Have  Shown  the  Way 


10 

In  his  opening  remarks  to  the  Convention,  General  President  William  L.  Hutcheson 
reviews  the  long  fight  of  the  Brotherhood  against  communism  during  the  years 
when   the   government   was  asleep   to    the   menace   communism    constituted. 


Unionism  and  the  Future 


16 


Acting  Secretary  Albert  E.  Fischer  looks  back  over  the  sixty-nine  years  during 
which  the  United  Brotherhood  has  been  in  existence.  With  that  in  mind  he  looks 
ahead  to  the  next  seventy  years  and  determines  that  strong,  sound,  stable  unionism 
will  be  needed  more  than  ever. 


Why  You  Must  Vote 


19 

One  of  the  few  reaMy  progressive  daily  paper  editors  in  the  nation  digs  up  a 
human  interest  story,  showing  the  need  for  every  working  man  registering  to  vote 
on  election   day. 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 
Plane  Gossip 
Editorials 
The  Locker  - 
Official 

In    Memoriam 
Correspondence 
To  The  Ladies 
Craft  Problems 


14 
24 
27 
31 
32 
33 
38 
41 


Index  to  Advertisers 


46 


Entered   July    22,    1915.    at   INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second    class   mail    matter,    under    Act   of 

Congress,  Aug.  24,   1912.    Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for 

in   Section   1103,   act   of   October   3,    1917,   authorized  on    July    8,    1918. 


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A  Convention  To  Remember 


WHEN  GENERAL  President  William  L.  Hutcheson  banged  down 
his  gavel  at  approximately  one-thirty  p.  m.  on  the  afternoon  of 
September  12th  to  adjourn  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Convention 
sine  die,  he  brought  to  an  end  one  of  the  most  successful  meetings  ever  held 
by  the  United  Brotherhood.  For  six  days  some  1,200  delegates  from  Local 
Unions  representing  better  than  fifty-four  per  cent  of  the  total  Brotherhood 
membership  met  in  the  Masonic  Temple  in  Cincinnati  to  grapple  with  prob- 
lems of  this  unsettled  era.  Until  well  into  the  fifth  day  of  the  proceedings, 
every  vote  taken— and  there  were  many  of  them— was  decided  by  unanimous 
action.  Only  once  or  twice  during  the  entire  convention  was  there  a  split 
vote,    and    after    healthy    periods    of      


debate  even  these  matters  were  de- 
cided by  close  to  unanimous  deci- 
sions; this  despite  the  fact  the  Twen- 
ty-sixth convention  was  the  largest 
in  history.  Such  was  the  harmony 
and  singleness  of  purpose  which  pre- 
vailed  throughout   the    meeting. 


ing  growth  of  anti-labor  legislation 
such  as  the  Taft-Hartley  Law.  Speak- 
er after  speaker  dwelt  on  the  vital 
need  of  eliminating  these  twin  evils, 
and  time  after  time  the  delegates 
took  positive  action  on  propositions 
designed  to  achieve  this  end.    What- 


During  the  six-day  meeting  action 
was  taken  on  many  matters  pertain- 
ing to  the  welfare  and  security  of 
Brotherhood  members  and  all  work- 
ing people.  If  there  was  any  keynote 
to  the  convention,  it  was  a  unanimous 
determination  to  stop  both  the  creep- 
ing paralysis  of  communism  and  stilt- 


ever  else  it  did,  in  no  uncertain  terms, 
the  convention  served  notice  on  both 
the  communists  in  Russia  and  the  la- 
bor-haters at  home  that  the  United 
Brotherhood  will  never  stop  fighting 
for  freedom,  justice  and  the  right  of 
all  working  people  to  band  them- 
selves  together  into   democratic  un- 


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THE    CARPENTER 


ions    for    the    advancement    of    their 
crafts. 

Amid  enthusiasm  seldom  equalled 
anywhere,  all  General  Ojfficers  and 
members  of  the  General  Executive 
Board  were  nominated  to  succeed 
themselves  without  opposition.  The 
four-year  reports  submitted  to  the 
convention  by  various  General  Of- 
ficers and  the  General  Executive 
Board  contained  records  of  solid 
growth  and  progress  despite  the  dif- 
ficulty of  the  times.  For  the  fine  job 
done,  the  delegates  re-nominated  all 
oflBcers  for  another  term  without  op- 
position or  a  dissenting  voice. 

During  the  convention,  many  beau- 
tiful floral  pieces  were  tendered  to 
the  General  Officers  and  General  Ex- 
ecutive Board  by  grateful  subordinate 
bodies.  One  was  in  the  form  of  a 
Brotherhood  Label,  another  was  in 
the  form  of  the  Brotherhood  emblem, 
still  another  outlined  the  map  of 
Texas.  An  outstanding  piece  in  the 
form  of  a  pilot's  wheel  measuring 
approximately  eight  feet  across  was 
presented  to  General  President 
Hutcheson  and  the  General  Execu- 
tive Board.  As  the  accompanying 
photo  shows,  these  floral  tributes  all 


but  filled  the  gigantic  stage  of  the 
auditorium. 

A  feature  of  the  third  day's  after- 
noon session  was  the  premiere  show- 
ing of  the  Brotherhood's  new,  hour- 
long  movie  entitled  "The  Carpenter", 
which  shows  the  infinite  variety  of 
skills  and  knowledge  employed  by 
Brotherhood  members  in  the  pursuit 
of  their  livelihoods,  as  well  as  the 
breadth  and  scope  of  the  United 
Brotherhood  which  links  together  in 
common  cause  carpenters  from  Maine, 
lumber  workers  from  Oregon,  mill- 
wrights from  Galifomia,  pile  drivers 
from  Florida,  and  dozens  of  other 
types  of  skilled  craftsmen  in  all  parts 
of  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

While  no  one  can  safely  presage 
what  the  years  immediately  ahead 
will  hold  for  the  working  people  in 
America,  the  harmony,  and  unity  of 
purpose  which  prevailed  at  the 
Twenty-sixth  General  Convention  in- 
dicate that  the  United  Brotherhood 
will  be  ready  to  meet  any  challenges 
which  may  arise.  A  leadership  which 
kept  a  steady  hand  on  the  helm 
through  the  perilous  times  of  the  last 
twenty  years  will  still  be  on  the 
bridge,  which  guarantees  that  the 
course  will  forward  whatever  the 
future  may  bring. 


JOBLESS  INSURANCE  PROVING  ITS  WORTH 

About  8  billion  dollars  has  been  paid  out  in  benefits  to  unemployed  covered  workers 
since  federal  and  state  unemployment  insurance  legislation  became  effective. 

Robert  C.  Goodwin,  director  of  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Employment  Security,  said  in  a 
statement  on  tlie  15th  anniversary  of  the  Social  Security  Act  August  14tli  that  the  un- 
employment insurance  program  has  made  a  notable  contribution  to  the  strengthening  of 
the  American  economy. 

"During  the  several  periods  since  1939  when  tlie  company  has  been  under  a  strain, 
unemployment  insurance  tided  millions  of  workers  over  between  jobs.  The  program 
showed  its  worth,  particularly  in  the  year  following  World  War  II,  when  more  than  5 
imilliqn  workers  drew  benefits  while  the  country  reconverted  to  peacetime  production. 
I  "Again,  in  the  year  ended  June  30,  1950,  which  included  a  part  of  the  inventory 
wrecession  begun  at  the  end  of  1948,  a  record  7.5  million  workers  drew  umemployment 
insurance.  Thus,  benefit  payments  have  been  made  in  greatest  volmiie  in  periods  when 
unemployment  was  rising  sharply. 

"Unemployment  compensation  has  not  only  served  to  meet  a  substantial  part  of  the 
needs  of  individual  unemployed  workers  in  a  period  of  stress  but  also  increased  con- 
sumer purchasing  power  when  and  where  it  would  contribute  most  to  strengtliening 
the  economy." 


10 


We  Have  Shown  The  Way 

(From   the   opening   remarks   of   the    General   President    to    the   Tw^enty-sixth    General    Convention 
held  in  the  Masonic  Auditorium,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  September  5th  to  September   12th. > 

By  WILLIAM  L.  HUTCHESON,  General  President 

*        *        • 

OUR  TWENTY-SIXTH  General  Convention  is  meeting  at  a  time  of 
great  national  crisis.  Savage  and  unwarranted  aggression  by  inter- 
national communism  has  brought  the  nation  and  the  entire  civilized 
world  to  the  brink  of  another  world-wide  war.  Whether  or  not  that  war 
develops  depends  on  a  handful  of  haughty,  cold-blooded,  tyrannical  men 
in  the  Kremlin;  men  to  whom  human  life  is  as  cheap  as  dirt,  men  to  whom 
human  dignity  and  human  integrity  have  no  value  whatsoever,  men  to  whom 
a  vicious  end  justifies  any  means— the  end  being  complete  submission  of  the 
human  race  to  their  dictatorial  wills. 

Certainly  the  American  people— particularly  the  working  people,  who  do 
most  of  the  dying,  most  of  the  suffering,  and  none  of  the  profiteering  during 
national  conflicts— do  not  want  war.  Organized  labor 
has  always  regarded  war  as  the  greatest  enemy  of 
mankind,  and  I  am  sure  all  of  us  in  the  labor  move- 
ment sincerely  hope  and  pray  that  another  war  can 
be  avoided.  But  in  all  human  affairs  there  inevitably 
comes  a  point  beyond  which  compromise  with  evil 
becomes  impossible.  That  point  apparently  has  been 
reached  on  the  international  scene. 

The  United  States  and  the  other  freedom-loving 
sovereign  states,  which  comprise  the  United  Nations, 
can  no  longer  tolerate  the  treachery,  chicanery  and 
open  aggression  which  have  characterized  all  of  the 
Kremlin's  dealings  with  the  world  since  the  close  of 
World  War  II.  By  every  means  short  of  complete 
surrender  the  United  States  and  the  rest  of  the  non-communist  world  have 
endeavored  to  conciliate  their  differences  with  Stalin.  Every  effort  has 
been  met  with  double-dealing,  trick- 
ery, and  violation  of  treaties  sup- 
posedly signed  in  good  faith.  Russia 
has  not  slowed  up  its  program  or  raw 
aggression  for  a  single  moment  since 
the  end  of  World  War  II.  But  all  the 
while  the  Russian  propaganda  cry  is 
Peace!  Peace!  Common  decency  made 
necessary  a  stand  in  Korea. 

International  relations  and  diplo- 
matic strategy  are  frankly  beyond  my 
depth,  and  I  make  no  pretense  of 
possessing  expertness  along  those 
lines.   However,  it  is  clear  to  me  that 


Wm.  L.  Huklitson 


the  nation  is  only  today  learning  what 
we  in  organized  labor  learned  long 
ago;  namely,  that  you  cannot  do  busi- 
ness with  communists.  For  over  a 
quarter  of  a  century  the  communists 
have  concentrated  on  boring  from 
within  insofar  as  the  labor  movement 
concerned.     Hiding    behind    fine 


IS 


phrases  and  rosy  promises,  these  com 
munist  termites  lied  and  cheated  and 
double-crossed  their  way  into  power  »^ 
in  son^e  spots  in  the  labor  movement. 
Posing  as  liberals  and  militant  union 


THE    CARPENTER 


11 


men,  they  fooled  all  too  many  sincere 
union  people.  I  am  sorry  to  say  our 
own  Brotherhood  was  not  entirely  im- 
mune. 

However,  the  oflBcers  of  the  Broth- 
erhood and  the  American  Federation 
of  Labor  were  not  fooled.  They  began 
fighting  back  many  years  ago,  and  I 
am  happy  to  say  that  the  communists 
in  our  ranks  are  few  and  far  between 
but  in  their  deceiving  methods  of  pro- 
cedure they  do  show  up  occasionally, 
the  result  being  that  we  of  the  Broth- 
erhood must  be  alert  at  all  times  and 
ready  to  deal  with  the  situations  when 
they  arise.  Being  past  masters  of  dis- 
tortion and  character  assassination, 
the  communist  termites  never  stopped 
trying  to  make  black  appear  white. 
All  of  us  who  opposed  them  have 
been  vilified  and  abused,  subjected  to 
the  most  vicious  kinds  of  personal 
attacks.  That  process  of  character  as- 
sassination is  still  continuing.  By  now, 
however,  it  should  be  clear  to  all 
union  members  that  honesty,  sincer- 
ity and  truth  are  total  strangers  to 
communists  and  the  communist  psLVty. 

We  in  the  labor  movement  learned 
several  decades  ago  that  you  could 
not  depend  upon,  or  even  take  the 
word  or  pledge  of  a  communist.  In 
our  own  way  we  had  to  devise  ways 
and  means  of  dealing  with  them.  The 
government  has  been  less  fortunate 
or  less  astute;  it  is  only  now  learning 
what  we  learned  years  ago— that  it  is 
impossible  to  do  business  with  men 
to  whom  honesty  and  integrity  are 
merely  words  in  the  dictionary. 

This  is  the  hour  of  crisis  for  free- 
dom-loving people  everywhere.  The 
full  danger  of  communist  treachery 
is  at  last  becoming  apparent  to  all 
with  eyes  to  see  and  ears  to  hear.  The 
die  has  been  cast  and  there  is  now  no 
turning  back.  Although  the  Korean 
situation  cannot  be  viewed  as  any- 
thing but  tragedy,  at  least  it  has  done 
one  thing;  it  has  given  us  an  oppor- 


tunity to  make  ready  for  whatever 
further  moves  Russia  and  her  satel- 
lites may  make.  Whatever  course  they 
pursue  from  now  on  should  not  find 
us  unprepared. 

Now,  more  than  ever  before  in 
history,  America  must  be  united  and 
strong.  We  must  think  as  one  and  act 
as  one,  because  the  communist  men- 
ace threatens  everything  we  hold 
dear.  The  days  ahead  will  require 
sacrifice  and  self-discipline  from  all 
of  us.  Individually  and  collectively 
we  must  be  prepared  to  meet  the  chal- 
lenge. The  menace  of  communism  to 
the  free  world  must  be  eliminated  and 
steps  should  be  taken  immediately  by 
our  government  to  weed  out  and 
eliminate  from  our  midst  the  propa- 
ganda of  communism  and  those  who 
advocate  it. 

If  the  last  war  taught  us  anything, 
it  is  that  the  skills  and  loyalty  of 
America's  millions  of  working  men 
and  women  are  the  source  of  our 
greatest  national  strength.  The  abil- 
ity of  free  and  independent  American 
workmen  to  outproduce  slave  labor 
in  the  Axis  countries  was  one  of  the 
most  decisive  factors  in  World  War 
II.  These  skills  and  loyalties  must 
be  used  to  the  maximum  in  the  days 
ahead. 

However,  one  of  the  ironies  of  the 
present  situation  is  that  the  very  skills 
and  brawn  of  America's  workmg  peo- 
ple, upon  which  so  much  will  have  to 
depend  in  the  future,  have  been 
placed  under  a  handicap  since  the 
end  of  World  War  II.  Passage  of  the 
Taft-Hartley  Law  has  undermined  the 
freedom  of  American  labor.  The 
working  people  will  never  become 
reconciled  to  its  restrictive  and  dis- 
criminatory provisions.  More  than  any 
other  one  thing,  the  communists  use 
the  Taft-Hartley  Law  as  a  propa- 
ganda weapon  in  endeavoring  to  con- 
vince workers  of  other  lands  that  the 


12 


THE    CARPENTER 


equality  of  treatment  long  boasted  of 
by  America  is  nothing  but  a  sham. 
Our  government  in  Washington  could 
undertake  few  steps  more  important 
to  mobilizing  our  productive  strength 
than  immediately  repealing  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Law. 

This  is  the  twenty-sixth  time  the 
United  Brotherhood  has  met. in  gen- 
eral convention.  The  delegates  who 
are  seated  today  in  this  auditorium 
constitute  a  far-cry  from  the  handful 
of  men  who  met  in  Chicago  sixty- 
nine  years  ago  last  month  to  bring 
into  existence  the  Brotherhood  of  Car- 
penters and  Joiners  of  America.  That 
first  convention  of  the  Brotherhood 
was  a  momentous  one.  Thirty-six 
delegates,  representing  fourteen  in- 
dependent unions  in  eleven  cities  at- 
tended that  founding  convention. 
Several  previous  efforts  to  establish 
a  national  organization  of  carpenters 
failed.  Wages  were  low,  working  con- 
ditions were  poor,  and  consequently, 
funds  for  organizing  purposes  were 
practically  nil.  About  all  those  dele- 
gates to  the  first  convention  had  was 
determination.  However,  they  had 
plenty  of  that. 

For  several  days  they  met  and  dis- 
cussed the  situation  confronting  them. 
In  the''end  they  laid  down  the  prin- 
ciples and  tenets  by  which  our  Broth- 
erhood is  still  governed  to  a  large 
extent.  Like  the  founding  fathers  of 
our  nation,  they  planned  wisely  and 
well.  This  vast  Brotherhood  we  be- 
long to  today  with  its  membership  of 
close  to  three-quarters  of  a  million  in 
2,800  Local  Unions  is  living  proof  of 
that  fact. 

In  all  the  years  since  the  first  gen- 
eral convention,  the  United  Brother- 
hood has  never  been  anything  but  a 
100%  American  organization.  The 
Brotherhood  has  never  subscribed  to 
the  European  concept  of  Unionism 
which  holds  that  capital  and  labor 
are  mortal  enemies  engaged  in  a  Me 


or  death  struggle  until  one  or  the 
other  perishes.  It  never  begrudged 
an  employer  an  honest  profit.  It  al- 
ways turned  a  deaf  ear  to  the  wild- 
eyed  theorists  and  followers  of  misty 
Utopias.  Last,  but  not  least,  it  has 
been  one  of  the  most  outstanding  foes 
of  communism  and  all  it  stands  for. 
Circumstances  may  alter,  conditions 
may  change,  but  the  United  Brother- 
hood will  never  be  anything  but  an 
American  institution  devoted  to  the 
ideals  laid  down  in  the  constitution 
and  broadened  and  polished  by  suc- 
ceeding generations.  We  have  built 
a  great  institution  on  simple  American 
principles.  We  have  achieved  under- 
standing with  our  employers,  under- 
standing that  was  mature  before  some 
of  the  men  who  are  now  sitting  in 
Congress  trying  to  govern  labor  re-  H 
lations  by  laws  and  compulsion  were 
even  born. 

Whatever  lies  ahead,  each  of  us 
will  be  called  upon  to  make  extraor- 
dinary sacrifices  for  some  time  to 
come.  We  must  be  prepared  to  make 
them,  for  in  a  world  shot  through 
with  totalitarianism  and  force,  Amer- 
ica will  stand  out  as  a  beacon  of  hope 
for  oppressed  peoples  throughout  the 
universe,  the  same  as  it  has  for  the 
last  175  years.  Nowhere  can  I  find 
greater  inspiration  than  in  the  immor- 
tal words  of  Samuel  Gompers  who,  in 
a  Labor  Day  address  in  1918,  said: 

"It  is  a  very  serious  thing  to  ask 
men  to  give  their  lives  for  the  deter- 
mination of  a  cause.  But  the  ideal  at 
stake  is  more  than  life— it  is  that  which 
makes  life  worth  living." 

"We  are  winning  the  war  for  free- 
dom—let us  hold  steady  until  the  war 
is  won." 

We  in  the  labor  movement,  many 
years  ago,  recognized  communism  for 
the  intolerable  slavery  which  it  really 
is.  In  our  own  democratic  way  we 
met  the  menace  and  defeated  it.  We 
must  now   give  to   all  who   care  to 


THE    CARPENTER  13 

listen  the  benefit  of  our  experience  rifice,  we  should  be  ready  to  do  what- 

so  that  a  similar  housecleaning  can  be  ever  is  necessary  to  bring  that  about, 

effected  on  a  world-wide  scale.  ^    they    demand    self-discipline,    we 

should  be  prepared  to  discipline  our- 
Free  men  in  a  free  nation,  we  have  selves.  For  seventy  years  our  Brother- 
won  for  ourselves  and  our  children  hood  has  battled  unendingly  for  a 
an  undreamed  of  prosperity  and  se-  good,  secure  and  free  life  for  all.  In 
curity.  These  things  we  intend  to  the  years  to  come  we  will  still  be 
hold.   If  the  years  ahead  demand  sac-  found  fighting  for  the  same  principles. 


U.  S.  LABOR  FORCE  CAN  BE  INCREASED  BY  5  MILLION 

As  a  result  of  population  increases,  the  Nation's  total  labor  force  can  be 
increased  substantially  above  the  highest  level  reached  during  World  War  II, 
according  to  the  U.  S.  Labor  Department.  Based  on  a  study  made  public  in 
a  special  issue  of  the  Bureau  of  Employment  Security's  "Labor  Market  and 
Employment  Security,"  the  Department  said  the  potential  labor  force  would 
permit  expansion  to  a  level  of  5.6  million  more  workers  than  at  present. 

However,  the  survey  shows  that  even  with  the  addition  of  this  higher 
labor  potential  "it  is  already  clear  that  there  will  be  a  serious  over-all  short- 
age of  manpower  in  this  country,  if  it  becomes  necessary  to  enter  a  period 
of  full  mobilization." 

The  BES  analysis  declares  that  full  use  of  today's  potential  labor  force, 
according  to  the  pattern  of  World  War  II  manpower  requirements,  would 
(1)  allow  an  11-million  expansion  in  the  armed  forces,  (2)  allow  a  3-million 
expansion  in  employment  in  war  industries,  (3)  curtail  "civilian  industries" 
by  6.6  million. 

The  study  points  out:  "The  Nation's  manpower  potential,  in  case  of  war 
or  other  emergency,  can  be  increased  in  several  ways— by  drawing  on  the 
unemployment;  by  recruiting  people  not  now  in  the  labor  force  from  the 
homes  and  schools;  and  by  increasing  the  number  of  hours  worked  per 
week.  In  addition,  the  labor  force  can  produce  a  vastly  expanded  volume  of 
war  goods  by  using  the  skills  of  workers  in  industries  converted  directly  to 
wartime  products  and  transfering  workers  from  curtailed  production  to 
essential  production. 

"Still  another  step  to  be  taken  is  better  utilization  of  persons  in  war  work. 
World  War  II  experience  indicates  that  training,  job  breakdown  and  upgrad- 
ing will  add  tremendously  to  the  productivity  of  a  given  group  of  employees. 
Moreover,  improving  plant  and  community  facilities  will  reduce  labor  turn- 
over and  absenteeism,  thus  adding  further  to  the  volume  of  goods  and  serv- 
ices. 

"Restrictive  hiring  specifications  can  be  relaxed,  so  that  greater  use  can  be 
made  of  women,  older  workers,  minority  groups,  and  the  physically  hand- 
icapped. These  and  other  devices  will  add  to  the  vital  total  productivity  of 
our  Nation's  labor  force.  But  even  if  it  all  were  used  to  the  optimum,  for 
practical  purposes  there  is  still  a  finite  limit  on  the  manpower  which  can  be 
drawn  from  the  population  to  contribute  to  an  all-out  effort." 


^  ',  j-WB^^.^8H^  ft    M^v 


REMEMBER  THE  TEXAN 

Although  they  don't  need  much  excuse  for 
raising  prices,  the  rush  of  heavy  buying  of 
commodities  which  were  in  scarce  supply 
during  the  last  war  has  given  the  profiteers 
an  ideal  excuse  for  marking  up  their  goods. 
Recently  AFL  commentator  Frank  Edwards 
told  of  an  instance  in  Washington  where  a 
store  bought  a  huge  newspaper  ad  to  tell 
its  patrons  that  it  would  make  every  eflFort 
to  keep  down  prices.  The  next  morning  a 
lady  who  read  the  ad  was  in  the  store  mak- 
ing a  few  purchases  when  she  noticed  a 
clerk  rubbing  old  prices  off  canned  goods 
and  putting  on  new  ones.  The  store  did 
not  even  wait  until  it  got  in  more  expensive 
goods  before  it  started  boosting  prices. 

Those  who  hoard  are  defeating  their  own 
purposes.  There  is  enough  of  everything  to 
go  around  if  buying  is  kept  to  normal  re- 
quirements. Hoarding  makes  for  scarcity 
and  scarcity  inevitably  brings  on  higher 
prices.  Those  who  might  be  tempted  to 
hoard  ought  to  remember  the  story  about 
the  Texas  cowboy.  Browsing  around  in  a 
Dallas  store  one  day,  he  was  approached 
by  a  young  fluff  of  a  clerk  who  asked  if 
she  could  help  him. 

"No  ma'am,"  replied  the  cow  poke.  "I 
ain't  never  seen  so  many  things  I  could  get 
along  without." 


"Got  some  small  change?  . . .  That 
non-union  firm  is  paying  today!" 


LEAVE   IT   TO   THE   FRENCH 

France  may  be  down  but  she  will  never 
be  out;  in  witness  of  which  we  quote  the 
following  happenings: 

Last  month  a  Congressional  committee  de- 
bated the  merits  of  a  bill  proposing  that 
women  be  subject  to  the  draft  in  case  of  a 
major  war.  Proponents  of  the  bill  insisted 
that  there  was  little  difference  between  men 
and  women  and  that  if  one  group  was  sub- 
ject to  the  draft  to  save  the  nation,  the  other 
group  should  be  too.  All  that  resulted  from 
the  meeting  was  a  lot  of  talk  without  much 
action. 

In  the  French  Parliament  recently  a 
Deputy  was  making  an  impassioned  speech 
on  the  legal  status  of  women.  At  one  point 
he  cried:  "After  all,  there  is  very  little  dif- 
ference between  men  and  women."  Where- 
upon the  entire  Chamber  of  Deputies  rose  as 
one  man  and  shouted  "Vive  la  difference!" 

*     •     • 
TAFT   WILL   NEED   PRAYERS 

According  to  Ohio  newspapers,  a  tre- 
mendous groundswell  of  labor  support  is 
swinging  toward  Taft.  Many  unionists,  say 
the  Ohio  papers  without  batting  an  eye,  are 
coming  to  realize  that  Taft  is  a  wonderful 
friend  of  the  working  man.  And  the  papers 
devote  columns  and  pages  to  trying  to  pic- 
ture the  bespectacled  Senator  from  the 
Buckeye  State  as  a  great  liberal. 

It  all  sounds  fine— if  you  have  a  short 
memory.  But  any  working  stiff  who  can 
remember  how  Taft  voted  on  virtually  all 
issues  that  promised  to  make  life  a  little  bit 
better  for  the  working  people  knows  differ- 
ently. Six  years  ago  the  Ohio  papers  put 
Taft  over  by  a  few  thousand  votes.  They  are 
confident  they  can  do  it  again.  However,  as 
far  as  we  can  see,  we  feel  that  their  confi- 
dence is  something  like  that  of  a  little  girl  in 
Alabama  who  believed  implicity  in  the 
power  of  prayer.  Recently  her  mother  said 
to  her:  "Dear,  don't  you  tliink  you  should 
include  Uncle  Walter  in  your  prayer  tonight 
—ask  the  Lord  to  help  him  get  a  job?" 

The  little  girl  agreed  and  put  in  a  very  fer- 
vent prayer  for  her  uncle.  The  following 
night  her  mother  again  reminded  her  of 
Uncle  Walter's  need  and  asked  her  to  pray 
again. 

"But,  Mother,"  the  girl  protested,  "what's 
the  matter  with  tlie  job  I  got  him  last  night?" 


THE  CARPENTER 


15 


MORE  TRUTH  THAN  POETRY 

Mr.  Fitzgerald  of  Atlanta,  Georgia,  is 
credited  with  this  story  of  a  farmer  talking 
to  his  mule  while  plowing: 

"Well,  Lightning,  you're  just  a  mule,  and 
I'm  a  man  and  made  in  the  image  of  God. 
But  here  we  work,  hitched  up  together 
year  in  and  year  out,  and  I  often  wonder 
if  you  work  for  me  or  if  I  work  for  you. 

"We  cover  the  same  distance.  But  I  do  it 
on  two  legs  and  you  do  it  on  four,  so  I  do 
twice  as  much  work  per  leg  as  you  do.  Soon 
we'll  be  putting  in  our  corn  crop.  When  we 
Ijiarvest  the  corn,  I'll  give  one-third  to  the 
Landlord .  and  one-third  to  you,  and  the 
balance  is  mine.  You'll  eat  all  but  the  cob. 
Lhave  to  share  mine  with  my  wife  and  six 
children,  six  hogs,  sixty .  hens,  two  ducks,  a 
bantam  rooster  and  a  banker.  If  you  and 
I  both  need  shoes,  you  get  'em.  Yes,  sir. 
Lightning,  you're  getting  the  best  of  me. 

"I  ask  you  now,  is  it  fair  for  a  mule,  the 
the  son  of  a  jackass,  to  swindle  a  man,  the 
lord  of  creation,  the  most  intelligent  of  all 
animals?  You  only  help  me  plow  and  culti- 
vate. I  must  cut,  shock  and  husk  the  corn 
while  you  hee-haw  at  me  over  the  fence. 
All  the  year  the  whole  family  has  to  help 
me  to  scratch  enough  money  together  to  pay 
the  taxes  and  the  interest  on  the  mortgage 
on  you,  you  ornery  old  critter.  The  only 
time  I've  got  anything  on  you  is  on  election 
day.  I  can  vote  and  you  can't.  But  after 
election  day  I  realize  I've  been  as  big  a  jack- 
ass as  your  papa  ever  was.  And  I  begin  to 
wonder  whether  politics  was  made  for  men 
or  for  jackasses,  or,  just  to  make  jackasses 
out  of  men.  Honest  now.  Lightning,  when 
you  know  all  these  things,  how  can  you 
keep  a  straight  face  and  look  so  dumb  and 
innocent?" 

*     •     * 
THE  WRONG  TECHNIQUE 

"The  war,"  says  a  key  figure  in  Washing- 
ton, "dims  politics."  We  would  like  to  be- 
lieve that  is  true;  but  cold,  hard  facts  belie 
the  statement.  Petty,  self -centered  men  in 
the  House  and  Senate  are  playing  partisan 
politics  to  the  hilt,  much  to  the  detriment  of 
national  security  and  the  war  effort.  The 
way  these  pettifoggers  are  acting  constant- 
ly keeps  bringing  to  mind  the  old  one  about 
the  tourist  who  came  upon  a  grizzled  old 
native  fishing  in  a  fine-looking  trout  stream. 

"Are  the  fish  biting  today?"  asked  the 
traveler. 

"If  they  are,"  replied  the  native,  "they're 
biting  each  other." 

That's  the  way  it  is  with  the  few  two- 
bit  politicians  we  have  in  Congress;  instead 
of  biting  the  enemy,  they  are  biting  each 
other. 


SO  SAYS  PAUP 
Busy  trying  to  cross  canaries  with  carrier 
pigeons  so  that  they  can  deliver  singing 
telegrams,  Jo  Paup,  fiophouse  poet  laureate, 
took  out  time  enough  from  his  important  re- 
search to  opine: 

"Many  a  man's  train  of  thought  carries 
no  freight." 

•     *     * 

JOKE  OF   THE   CONVENTION 

Delegates  to  the  Cincinnati  convention 
heard  many  stories  used  by  various  speakers 
to  illustrate  a  point.  However,  Thomas  E. 
Ryan,  director  of  labor  relations,  U.  S.  Pub- 
lic Housing  Authority  told  one  that  really 
brought  down  the  house. 

It  seems  there  were  three  old  maids  who 
lived  together  for  years.  They  lived  a  very 
sheltered  life,  never  going  out  and  never 
mingling  much  with  other  people.  They 
also  had  a  cat  named  Minnie  which  led  a 
very  sheltered  life  too.  Minnie  was  never 
allowed  to  prowl  at  night  in  the  manner  of 
ordinary  cats. 

One  day  one  of  the  old  maids  met  a  man 
whom  she  found  very  interesting.  Eventual- 
ly they  decided  to  get  married.  The  other 
two  old  maids  protested,  but  without  suc- 
cess. Finally  they  resigned  themselves  to  the 
inevitable.  But  before  the  prospective  bride 
left  them,  they  extracted  a  promise  from 
her  that  she  would  let  them  know  what 
married  life  was  like  in  the  outside  world. 
For  days  and  days  they  waited  to  hear  from 
their  departed  sister.  Finally  their  came 
a  three-letter  telegram.  All  it  said  was,  "Let 
Minnie  out". 


^43.  '53-gIgEEB-  ©  1950  0\RL    Stamm/Tz. 


"Sorry,  but  these  people  request  a 
union  man!" 


16 


Unionism  And  The  Future 

By  ALBERT   E.  FISCHER,   Acting    Secretary 
*        • 

NEARLY  SEVENTY  years  have  elapsed  since  Pete  McGuire  and  a 
handful  of  courageous  carpenters  from  the  middle  west  met  in  Chicago 
—  to  organize  our  Brotherhood.  Those  seventy  years  have  been  the  most 
fateful  in  the  whole  history  of  mankind.  More  changes  have  taken  place  dur- 
ing those  years  than  in  any  comparable  era  on  record.  It  is  hard  to  conceive 
how  astounded  those  old-timers,  who  started  our  Brotherhood,  would  be  if 
they  could,  through  some  miracle,  return  to  this  earth  for  a  few  days  to  see 
the  tremendous  changes  which  have  taken  place. 

However,  it  is  not  even  necessary  to  go  clear  back  to  the  men  who  founded 
our  Brotherhood  to  emphasize  the  progress  which  has  been  made.  Undoubt- 
edly there  are  many  readers  of  this  journal  who  worked  ten  hours  a  day  for 
twenty-five  cents  an  hour  or  less.  Those  were  the  wages  and  conditions  that 
prevailed  within  the  lifetime  of  some 
members  who  are  still  in  our  midst 
today.  If  only  we  will  all  stop  and 
consider  this  for  a  moment  we  will  all 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  we  owe  a 
great  debt  of  gratitude  to  our  Brother- 
hood and  to  the  men  who  built  it  and 
promoted  it  during  the  trying  years 
when  to  admit  union  membership  was 
to  court  discharge,  blacklisting  and 
worse. 

Today's  wages  and  working  condi- 
tions did  not  just  come  about.  They 
were  fought  for  and  sacrificed  for  by 
thousands  of  good  rugged  union  men 
down  the  years.  Unsung  heroes, 
whose  names  are  not  even  mentioned 
on  any  scroll  or  history  book,  lost  their 
jobs  and  their  homes  and  even  their 
friends  to  build  this  Brotherhood  and 
to  lay  the  groundwork  for  the  wages 
and  conditions  we  now  enjoy.  I  can 
never  forget  that  fact  and  neither 
should  you. 

Looking  back  over  the  years,  I  mar- 
vel at  the  progress  which  has  been 
made  by  this  Brotherhood  and  by  the 
American  labor  movement.  We  are 
approximately  the  same  age  as  the  in- 
dustrial revolution.    In  the  Seventies 


and  Eighties  a  great  industrial  up- 
heaval got  under  way.  Machinery  be- 
gan taking  the  place  of  human  brawn 
and  human  skill.  Steam  and  electric- 
ity and  steel  and  copper,  wedded  to- 
gether into  machines,  began  taking 
the  emphasis  out  of  educated  hands. 
The  doors  and  sash  and  cabinets  that 
old-time  carpenters  fashioned  with 
know-how  and  skill  right  on  the  job 
began  pouring  off  assembly  lines  in 
mills  and  factories.  Men  were  afraid; 
and  they  had  a  right  to  be.  One  ma- 
chine was  turning  out  more  work 
than  ten  or  twenty  or  fifty  men  could 
turn  out  by  hand.  The  picture  looked 
extremely  black.  But  the  workers  of 
that  day  were  determined  not  to  take 
the  loss  of  their  jobs  lying  down.  They 
began  organizing  unions— high  among 
the  best  of  them,  the  United  Brother- 
hood of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of 
America. 

Year  by  year  the  industrial  revo- 
lution picked  up  momentum.  Year  by 
year  the  importance  of  skilled  hands 
was  de-emphasized.  But  year  by  year 
the  workmen  also  built  their  unions. 
What  was  the  result?  The  result  was 


THE    CARPENTER 


17 


that  men  began  building  better  lives 
for  themselves  and  their  families  de- 
spite the  industrial  revolution.  Re- 
cently, the  Department  of  Labor  is- 
sued an  anniversary  issue  of  its  pub- 
lication, Labor's  Monthly  Revue.  That 
anniversary  publication  gives  elo- 
quent testimony  of  the  progress  that 
has  been  made. 

Taking  into  consideration  all  the 
price  increases  there  have  been,  the 
Department  of  Labor  study  shows 
that  today's  worker  is  earning  roughly 
twice  as  much  as  his  grandfather  did. 
And  he  is  working  from  fifteen  to 
thirty  hours  less  per  week  to  do  so. 
Grandpa  had  to  spend  around  83  %  of 
his  earnings  for  shelter,  food  and 
clothing.  Today,  the  average  family 
has  something  like  40%  of  its  income 
left  after  taking  care  of  these  essential 
items.  Then  there  are  the  bakers, 
laundrymen,  cleaners,  etc.,  who  to- 
day do  a  good  deal  of  the  arduous 
work  grandma  and  grandpa  had  to  do 
themselves  at  home. 

That  is  a  record  of  progress  of 
which  we  can  all  be  proud.  It  is  a 
record  of  progress  that  throws  into 
the  teeth  of  communists  the  bare- 
faced lie  that  America  is  decadent  or 
that  democracy  is  not  the  best  system 
there  is  for  all  people.  Where  else  in 
the  world  has  such  progress  been 
made?  The  answer  is  nowhere  other 
than  right  here  in  the  United  States 
and  Canada. 

And  I  point  out  that  this  progress 
was  made  in  very  trying  times  when 
machinery  has  been  whittling  away 
at  the  premium  of  skilled  hands.  That 
the  progress  has  been  made  is  due 
almost  solely  to  organized  labor  and 
great  unions  such  as  our  own  United 
Brotherhood.  Through  good  times  and 
bad  our  Brotherhood  has  carried  on 
a  never-ending  struggle  for  economic 
justice  for  the  members  of  our  craft 
and  for  all  workers.  It  has  been  a  long 


fight  and  a  hard  fight  but  by  the  grace 
of  God  and  the  good  efforts  of  hun- 
dreds of  thousands  of  loyal  and  mili- 
tant union  men  it  has  been  a  victor- 
ious one.  Had  it  not  been  for  organi- 
zations such  as  our  own  Brotherhood, 
the  industrial  revolution  could  well 
have  and  probably  would  have  made 
peons  of  our  workers. 

Now  we  are  in  the  midst  of  another 
great  revolution.  It  is  a  revolution  of 
a  new  kind  of  machine— a  machine 
that  thinks.  The  industrial  revolution 
of  the  last  century  de-emphasized  the 
worth  of  skilled  hands  by  mechan- 
ically outproducing  them.  The  new 
type  of  machinery  that  is  just  gaining 
a  foothold  is  machinery  that  de-em- 
phasizes the  worth  of  brains.  It  is 
machinery  that  takes  the  place  of  hu- 
man thinking.  The  simplest  version  of 
such  a  machine  is  the  thermostat 
found  in  most  homes  today.  The  ther- 
mostat turns  on  the  furnace  when  the 
house  gets  cold  and  shuts  it  off  when 
the  house  gets  hot.  It  never  needs 
tending  and  it  never  makes  a  mistake. 
The  same  principle,  on  a  much  broad- 
er scale,  is  now  being  applied  to  in- 
dustry. Through  electronics,  electric 
eyes,  etc.  machines  are  being  de- 
veloped which  can  sort,  measure,  cut, 
count,  and  do  a  hundred  other  things 
automatically  at  many  times  the  speed 
of  the  human  brain.  So  far,  this  field 
has  hardly  been  scratched,  but  the 
next  fifty  years  will  see  as  great  a  rev- 
olution in  this  field  as  there  was  in  the 
field  of  hand  labor  when  steam  and 
electricity   began  sweeping   industry. 

The  possibilities  are  almost  limit- 
less. Actually  there  are  factories  al- 
ready in  the  blueprint  stage  which  re- 
quire no  human  labor  at  all.  Raw  ma- 
terials flow  into  one  end  of  the  factory 
and  finished  goods,  such  as  refriger- 
ators or  radios,  flow  out  the  other  end 
completely  assembled  and  ready  for 
the  market  without  a  single  human 


18 


THE    CARPENTER 


workman  touching  them.  Automatic 
machines  do  all  the  work  and  the  only 
people  needed  are  technicians  to  keep 
the  machines  functioning.  How  soon 
these  factories  will  move  from  the 
blueprint  stage  to  the  actual  produc- 
tion stage  no  one  can  say  definitely. 
But  no  one  can  deny  that  they  are  on 
their  way.  Already  one  or  •  two  new 
paper-making  factories  have  been 
built  which  require  only  a  handful  of 
men  to  operate  them  because  the  ma- 
chines are  automatic  and  foolproof. 
Other  industries  are  shifting  toward 
these  automatic  machines  slowly  but 
surely,  and  when  the  full  potential  of 
these  machines  is  developed,  even  the 
building  industry  will  not  be  immune. 
So  another  technological  revolution 
is  again  threatening  the  working 
people  with  unemployment  and  mis- 
ery. Is  there  any  answer?  I  say  "yes," 
Very  definitely  there  is  an  answer. 
That  answer  is  bigger  and  stronger 
organized  labor.  In  the  life  of  our 
Brotherhood  we  have  made  marvelous 
progress  despite  the  constant  threat 
of  labor-saving  machinery.  We  can 
continue  that  progress  and  carry  it  to 
undreamed  of  heights  in  the  future 
if  we  build  and  broaden  our  organi- 
zation and  make  it  stronger  year  by 


year.  Had  it  not  been  for  organized 
labor,  the  industrial  revolution  of  the 
last  century  could  well  have  made 
peons  of  American  workmen.  Instead, 
however,  the  workers  of  the  nation 
benefitted  materially  from  the  revolu- 
tion because  they  had  militant  unions 
fighting  for  their  interests  and  con- 
stantly gaining  a  decent  share  of  in- 
creased productivity  for  them. 

In  that  same  procedure  lies  our 
hope  for  the  future.  Against  the  un- 
certainties and  dangers  that  may  lie 
ahead  only  strong  and  progressive 
unions  can  assure  us  of  a  fair  shake. 
No  one  can  say  today  what  remedies 
will  be  necessary  tomorrow  to  keep 
workers  happy  and  prosperous.  What- 
ever steps  become  necessary— whether 
shorter  hours,  decent  retirement  pro- 
grams or  diversification  of  jobs;  only 
through  strong  and  hard-hitting  un- 
ions will  workers  be  able  to  get  these 
things.  Therefore,  let  all  of  us  be  fore- 
warned. Only  by  building  and  broad- 
ening our  unions  can  we  hope  to  build 
a  decent  future  for  ourselves  in  a  fast- 
changing  world.  That  is  something 
we  must  never  lose  sight  of.  Knowing 
the  great  things  our  Brotherhood  has 
done  in  the  past,  I  am  sure  we  never 
will. 


UNION  HEAD  NAMED  TO  COMPANY  BOARD 

A  new  departure  in  profit-sharing  was  made  at  the  Champlain  Spinners, 
Inc.,  here,  in  a  new  agreement  with  the  AFL  United  Textile  Workers  of 
America. 

The  workers  will  share  in  company  profits  for  the  year  1950  to  the  ex- 
tent of  33%  per  cent. 

It  is  estimated  that  they  will  obtain  a  total  increase  of  approximately  10 
cents  an  hour  during  1950,  in  view  of  the  profit  expectations  of  the  Cham- 
plain  Spinners,  Inc. 

An  interesting  feature  of  the  program  is  the  appointment  of  Local  Union 
President  Elmer  Shovah  to  serve  on  the  company's  board  of  directors  and 
participate  in  policy  determinations  and  administration  functions.  Under  the 
new  profit-sharing  plan,  the  local  and  international  union  will  have  the 
privilege  of  auditing  the  company's  entire  financial  transactions  for  the 
year  1950. 


19 


Why  You  Must  Vote 


WITH  VERY  good  reason,  organized  labor  has  long  contended  that 
the  daily  press  has  sold  out  lock,  stock  and  barrel  to  Big  Business. 
Throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  land  our  daily  papers 
parrot  the  Big  Business  line  day  in  and  day  out.  A  notable  exception,  how- 
ever, is  the  Madison,  Wisconsin,  "Capital  Times".  This  independent  news- 
paper prints  the  news  as  it  sees  it;  without  fear  or  favor.  The  Big  Business 
viewpoint  gets  no  special  consideration,  and  the  paper  calls  its  shots  as  it 
sees  them. 

Chief  reason  for  the  independence  of  the  Madison  Capitol  Times  is  Editor 
Bill  Evjue,  a  hard-hitting,  clear-thinking  newspaperman  who  puts  principles 
before  profits.    On  his  paper,  the  edi 


torial  department  and  not  the  adver- 
tising department  sets  policy.  More 
than  once  Bill  Evjue  has  been  quoted 
in  this  journal. 

Recently  Editor  Evjue  delivered  a 
radio   address   that  merits    attention. 
It  is  herewith  reprinted  in  toto: 
By  BILL  EVJUE 

This  is  a  story  about  Bill  Morgan— 
a  story  which  shows  how  certain  and 
exact  the  tax  laws  are  in  their  applica- 
tion to  men  in  the  low  income  brack- 
ets like  Bill  Morgan.  Bill  lives  in  Mc- 
Farland.  For  years,  he  has  been  out 
in  the  broiling  heat  of  summer  and 
the  cold  of  winter  helping  to  keep  the 
road  bed  of  the  Milwaukee  road  in 
good  condition  between  Madison  and 
Stoughton.  He  is  looked  upon  as  a 
good  section  worker  and  he  lives  with 
a  bachelor  friend  in  modest  quarters 
near  his  work. 

Recently,  Bill  received  a  letter  from 
Oscar  Jonas,  collector  of  internal  rev- 
enue at  Milwaukee.  When  the  con- 
tents of  the  letter  were  explained  to 
Bill,  he  became  worried  because  of 
the  fear  that  his  income  tax  return  in 
recent  years  had  not  been  made  out 
properly.   The  internal  revenue  office 


at  Milwaukee  wanted  more  informa- 
tion about  deducations  that  had  been 
made  on  Bill's  tax  return  because  Bill 
had  claimed  deductions  for  the  sup- 
port he  had  given  to  his  dependent 
son,  William  Charles.  It  appears  that 
the  Milwaukee  collector's  office  was 
questioning  Bill's  right  to  make  these 
deductions  in  view  of  the  fact  that 
there  was  nothing  to  show  that  Bill 
had  been  given  custody  of  the  child 
when  the  Morgans  were  divorced  in 
1944. 

We  have  just  stated  that  the  con- 
tents of  the  letter  had  to  be  explained 
to  Bill.  This  is  because  Bill  can't  read 
or  write.  He  was  born  at  La  Valle  in 
Richland  county  and  when  he  was 
barely  more  than  5  years  old,  his  folks 
moved  to  West  Virginia.  Bill's  father 
got  a  job  in  a  coal  mine  and  young 
Bill  got  a  job  in  the  coal  mines  when 
he  was  10  years  old.  There  wasn't  a 
school  in  the  little  coal  mining  com- 
munity where  Bill's  folks  settled.  Bill 
says  he  still  remembers  the  day  when 
20  tons  of  slate  fell  on  nine  coal 
miners  and  killed  them.  That's  why 
Bill  couldn't  read  the  letter  which 
came  from  the  Milwaukee  collector 
and  he  had  to  find  out  what  it  was  all 


20 


THE    CARPENTER 


about  from  Danny  Reagan,  Milwau- 
kee Road  timekeeper,  who  has  been 
making  Bill's  income  tax  returns  out 
for  years. 

It  appears  that  in  the  routine  check 
up  of  income  tax  returns  that  flow  in- 
to the  Milwaukee  collector  of  internal 
revenue's  office  some  clerk  questioned 
Bill's  return  in  which  he  claimed  de- 
ductions for  the  support  of  his  son. 
Mildred  Morgan  had  been  given  a 
divorce  from  Bill  back  in  1944  when 
his  wife  charged  that  he  drank  exces- 
sively. Bill  doesn't  drink  now.  She 
was  given  the  possession  of  the  house- 
hold goods,  but  Bill  was  given  the 
custody  of  the  boy  who  was  then  11 
years  old.  The  records  in  the  collec- 
tor's office  in  Milwaukee  failed  to 
show  that  Bill  had  been  given  legal 
custody  of  the  boy.  And  so  yesterday 
Bill  had  to  come  into  Madison,  losing 
time  on  the  job,  to  get  a  signed  state- 
ment from  Myrtle  Hanson,  clerk  of 
court,  attesting  to  the  fact  that  Bill 
had  been  given  legal  custody  of  the 
child.  Bill  was  pretty  relieved  when 
he  found  out  what  the  real  situation 
was.  When  he  first  received  the  let- 
ter, somebody  told  him  that  he  might 
have  to  pay  as  high  as  $900  in  addi- 
tional taxes  because  the  internal  rev- 
enue office  had  denied  Bill's  deduc- 
tions for  the  upkeep  of  his  boy. 

The  point  that  we  want  to  make 
in  this  little  human  interest  story  is 


to  show  that  our  tax  machinery  al- 
ways catches  up  with  the  little  fellow 
whereas  there  doesn't  seem  to  be  the 
same  effectiveness  in  dealing  with 
larger  taxpayers  or  people  who  hap- 
pen to  have  political  influence.  Dur- 
ing the  past  four  years,  for  instance,  a 
fellow  named  Joseph  R.  McCarthy, 
who  gets  his  pay  from  the  United 
States  government  as  a  United  States 
senator,  had  an  income  of  $66,000. 
He  didn't  pay  one  penny  of  income 
taxes  on  this  $66,000  because  he  had 
entered  deductions  on  his  tax  forms 
for  stock  speculation  losses  and  big 
interest  amounts  which  he  alleged  he 
paid.  The  machinery  of  the  tax  de- 
partment hasn't  gone  into  action  in 
the  case  of  Joe  McCarthy  the  way  it 
did  in  the  case  of  Bill  Morgan.  The 
taxing  authorities  in  the  case  of  Joe 
McCarthy  acted  only  after  they  had 
been  prodded  into  doing  so  by  The 
Capitol  Times  and  the  Milwaukee 
Journal.  The  main  moral  which  we 
can  draw  out  of  this  story  is,  however, 
that  as  long  as  you  people  out  in  the 
state  of  Wisconsin  keep  government 
in  this  state  under  control  of  corpo- 
rate wealth,  the  tax  authorities  will 
catch  up  with  the  Bill  Morgans  but 
will  be  much  slower  in  looking  over 
the  tax  returns  of  United  States  sen- 
ators and  millionaire  industrials  whose 
excemptions  are  always  tardily  and 
timidly  scrutinized. 


GOMPERS'  1908  WARNING  IS  TIMELY  TODAY 

With  tlie  most  crucial  national  election  in  many  years  only  a  few  weeks  away,  it  is  well 
to  recall  what  Samuel  Gompers  said  on  the  eve  of  another  important  election  away  back 
in  1908.    Said  the  great  labor  statesman  then: 

"Workers  everywhere  should  be  on  on  their  guard  against  the  insidious  attempts  which 
will  be  made  to  defeat  labor's  campaign  for  its  rights.  No  slander  against  your  officers 
and  friends  will  be  too  vile  to  be  placed  in  circulation. 

'As  far  as  possible,  the  worst  of  such  attacks  will  be  timed  so  that  they  cannot  be  suc- 
cessfully answered  before  the  vote  is  taken.  Every  union,  every  worker,  every  friend  of 
labor  should  be  on  guard  against  attacks  of  this  sort. 

"Never  before  was  labor  so  alert  to  vote  for  its  own  rights  and  interest.  Never  before 
were  its  opponents  so  desperately  determined  to  divide  and  disrupt  the  workers  and  defeat 
its  efforts  in  this  campaign." 


jBI 


21 


The  Crisis  In  Education 

Editor's  note:  In  a  searching  article  in  the  May  issue  of  "The  Federationist,"  General  Presi- 
dent William  L.  Hutcheson  discussed  the  need  for  more  realism  in  education.  President  Hutcheson 
decried  the  mad  scramble  among  young  people  for  "white  collar"  jobs  when  cold  statistics  prove 
that  three  youngsters  out  of  four  are  going  to  be  compelled  by  circumstances  to  earn  their  livings 
in  the  manual  trades.  He  further  pointed  out  the  fallaciousness  of  the  widely  prevalent  belief 
that  there  is  something  degrading  or  undesirable  about  working  with  one's  hands  for  a  living. 
In  answer  to  that  article,  the  following  letter  from  a  college  professor  brings  up  some  additional 
points,  chief  among  which  is  that  Big  Business  contributes  to  the  present  day  unrealism  in  educa- 
tion by  pressuring  colleges  into  giving  highly  specialized  training  which  rightfully  should  be  pro- 
vided by  the  corporations  themselves. 

*  *  * 

June  15,  1950 

Mr.  William  L.  Hutcheson,  President 

United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners 

c/o  The  American  Federationist 

A.  F.  of  L.  Building 

Washington  1,  D.  C. 

My  dear  sir: 

Your  article,  Education  Needs  Realism,  in  the  May  issue  of  The  American 
Federationist  is  a  most  interesting  one.  The  problem  which  you  discuss  is  a 
real  one,  and  you  show  its  many  facets  clearly.  However,  when  it  comes  to 
attempting  to  place  the  blame,  I  believe  you  omit  part  of  the  picture,  and, 
as  a  consequence,  your  solution  is  only  a  palliative  and  not  a  real  solution. 
Perhaps  a  reason  for  what  I  consider  a  failure  to  solve  the  problem  is  the 
fact  that  you  were  too  greatly  influenced  by  the  book  Education  for  an 
Industrial  Age.  I  do  not  know,  for  I  have  not  read  the  book.  I  do  know,  how- 
ever, that  the  remarks  which  I  am  about  to  address  to  you  are  true  state- 
ments of  situations  and  conditions  which  exist  in  the  parts  of  the  United  States 
and  of  Canada  where  I  have  lived. 

First  of  all,  when  you  state  that  "In  the  final  analysis,  no  matter  how  many 
facilities  are  provided,  the  student's  choice  of  future  will  depend  largely  upon 
the  social  values  that  have  been  drilled  into  him,"  you  are  most  certainly  right. 
And  in  how  many  homes  and  shops— not  schools,  mind  you— have  I  heard 
parents  say:  "My  son  will  never  work  at  the  bench.  He  is  going  to  college;  so 
that  he  can  do  better  than  I  did."  Or  again:  "My  son  is  going  to  business 
school;  none  of  this  sweat  and  this  grime  for  him."  When  youngsters  have 
heard  this  for  some  time,  it  takes  courage  to  go  to  work  in  a  shop.  Now,  I 
think  educators  are  people,  and  should  some  of  them  maintain  the  same 
attitude,  it  may  very  well  be  that  they  have  carried  it  over  from  their  younger 
days. 

It  is  easier  to  drift  along  and  to  think  as  other  people  do,  rather  than  to 
think  a  problem  through  for  one's  self.  The  fact  that  a  person  can  show  others 
how  to  solve  problems  in  geometry,  which  solutions  he  has  learned  from  some- 
one else,  is  no  proof  he  can  solve  problems  in  how  to  live.   Another  problem 


22  THECARPENTER 

along  these  same  lines  is  the  problem  of  the  boy  I'or  girl'  who  wants  to  leave 
school  to  go  to  work  or  of  the  boy  f'or  girl  >  who  wants  to  go  to  trade  school. 
The  parents  are  up  in  arms,  and  one  would  think  the  boy's  desire,  instead  of 
being  a  sensible  one.  which  it  is  in  many  cases,  is  some  sort  of  criminal  activit)- 
which  will  bring  shame  upon  the  family. 

In  many  cases  the  educators  have  attempted  to  point  out  the  facts  to  the 
parents,  and  they  have  been  accused  of  ha\"ing  all  sorts  of  evil  intentions.  Yes, 
"the  student's  choice  of  future  w'ill  depend  largely  upon  the  social  values  that 
ha^'e  been  drilled  into  him."  Unfortunateh",  much  too  much  drilling  is  done 
at  home  where  the  student  spends  most  of  his  time,  and  where,  according  to 
the  plan  of  Nature,  most  of  the  basic  education  is  to  be  acquired— unfortu- 
nately for  this  particular  case.  I  mean.  Not  to  mention  this  situation  was,  I 
am  afraid,  a  grave  oversight  on  }"our  part. 

Secondly,  I  feel  that  Big  Business  has  been  using  its  strong-arm  tactics 
on  educational  institutions  by  attacking  them  at  their  weakest  points,  namely, 
their  financial  status  and  their  ability  to  place  graduates.  Toda}",  in  the  hope 
of  pleasing  the  powers  who  hire,  many  schools— mostly  in  the  engineering  or 
the  business  administration  categories— are  turning  out  too  highly  trained 
men.  This  fact  relieves  employers  of  the  cost  of  training  men.  But,  do  they 
take  all  of  the  men  so  trained?  Not  by  a  long-shot:  in  fact,  the  percentage 
emplo}'ed  is  ridiculously  low.  As  a  result,  we  have  thousands  of  men  with  an 
unbalanced  education,  for  which  many  ha\-e  \"et  to  pay,  and,  consequently, 
thousands  of  possible  victims  of  frustration. 

Let  college  give  a  basic  education  for  living.  Let  them  omit  some  of  the 
highly  specialized  courses,  and  let  them  add  courses  in  History,  the  apprecia- 
tion of  the  Arts,  Ethics,  Philosophy,  Religion,  and  the  like.  Then,  we  shall 
have  fewer  people  "educated  beyond  their  intelligences."  to  quote  the  late 
president  of  Columbia  Lniversity,  Dr.  Nicholas  Murray  Butler.  Such  people, 
you  know,  hardly  if  ever  make  a  real  adjustment  to  life. 

Lastly.  I  think  we  have  come  to  the  crux  of  the  problem.  I  feel  certain 
this  So-called  "revulsion  for  manual  labor"  is  mereh"  a  manifestation  of  the 
natural  desire  of  Human  Nature  for  its  due.  Your  statement,  "But  aside  from 
the  earnings  aspect,  the  manual  trades  offer  considerably  more  in  the  way  of 
personal  satisfaction  than  does  office  work,"  can  be  dangerously  misinter- 
preted; so  dangerously  so,  that  it  might  almost  ser\-e  as  a  resume  of  the  doc- 
trine of  Dialectical  Materialism  concerning  work.  You  will  notice  that  I  said 
"almost,"  for  the  statement  is  absolutely  true  when  it  is  properh"  understood. 
The  thing  which  separates  mankind  from  the  other  animals  is  his  intellect,  liis 
abilit}'  to  think.  Hence,  any  perfections  which  are  truly  human  will  be  related 
to  his  intellect,  and  any  personal  satisfaction  must  come  from  possessing  these 
perfections. 

Now,  the  mere  making  of  things  does  not  perfect  the  maker,  else  machines 
would  be  more  perfect  the  day  they  are  junked  than  the  da\"  the\-  are  madel 
The  making  of  things  will  perfect  a  man  when  the  things  which  he  turns  out 
are,  so  to  speak,  works  of  art,  when  he  is  an  artisan,  and  when  each  thing 
which  he  makes  bears  the  marks  or  special  and  personal  traces  of  him  who 
made  it,  because  he  will  have  been  forced  to  use  his  mind  and  his  ingenuit)' 


THE    CARPENTER  23 

to  fit  it  to  its  individual  place  in  the  universe.  Dialectical  Materialism,  on  the 
other  hand,  maintains  that  as  long  as  something  is  made,  matter  has  been  per- 
fected and  the  world  is  better— even  the  havoc  wrought  by  bombs  is  good  for 
the  universe;  so  the  maker  of  something  should  have  as  much  satisfaction 
from  making  it  as  from  perfecting  some  part  of  himself,  his  mind,  for  example, 
since  the  sum  total  of  the  universe  is  matter  which  is  striving  to  perfect  itself. 

Perhaps  in  your  trade  much  of  the  true  nature  of  art  remains,  but  in  the 
machine  trades  it  does  not.  A  screw-machine  operator  does  not  feel  much 
like  an  artisan  after  8  hours  of  work.  Day  by  day,  intellectual  murder— the 
murder  of  men's  minds— is  being  committed  in  so  many  plants  throughout  the 
land.  This  effect  is  brought  about  by  the  dull  monotony  of  constant  repetition 
of  the  same  operations.  The  tendency,  then,  toward  the  white-collared  jobs 
is  a  natural  reaction  on  the  part  of  Human  Nature,  through  the  individual 
human  beings,  to  seek  a  correction  for  this  abominable  situation. 

Office  work  seems  to  be  more  human;  so  the  tendency  is  in  that  direction. 
Deafening  noise  is  at  a  minimum,  human  conversation  and  intercourse  are 
possible  on  a  normal  basis,  physical  agility  and  speed  are  not  over-emphasized. 
This  appears  more  in  keeping  with  the  nature  of  man,  and  men  are  drawn 
toward  it.  They  are  drawn  to  its  good  features,  not  its  bad  ones,  such  as  spend- 
ing "eight  hours  a  day  writing  little  figures  in  a  book." 

Until  such  facts  are  recognized,  I  do  not  believe  a  true  solution  to  the 
problem  of  realism  in  education  is  possible.  We  are  closer  to  a  solution  of  the 
problem  than  we  were  some  years  ago,  but  I  am  not  at  all  convinced  we  shall 
solve  it  for  some  time  to  come;  not  until  we  return  to  more  human  production 
methods.  Men  are  not  machines!  You  will  note  that  I  have  emphasized  this 
point  because  I  think  you  dismissed  the  matter  much  too  lightly  with  the 
statement  that,  "True,  many  assembly-line  jobs  are  monotonous  and  repeti- 
tious, but  these  are  on  their  way  out  as  electric  eyes  and  other  automatic 
devices  take  over."  There  are  plently  of  monotonous,  inhuman  jobs  left  in 
industry  yet.  Perhaps  they  cannot  be  completely  eliminated.  Nevertheless, 
something  must  be  done  to  overcome  their  undesirable  effects. 

I  served  my  time  as  a  tool  and  gage  maker  at  the  Apprentice  Division  of 
Springfield  Armory,  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  and  only  last  year  again  I 
worked  in  a  toolroom.  (Semi-mass  production  methods  are  in  vogue  there, 
incidentally.)  I  have  been  a  member  of  the  American  Federation  of  Govern- 
ment Employees  and  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  Local  Number 
19469.  I  also  studied  some  engineering  and  business  before  I  studied  Liberal 
Arts  and  Philosophy.  I  am  in  the  educational  field,  for  I  feel  I  can  best  help 
my  fellow-men  there  because  of  my  background  of  varied  training.  I  do  not 
think  that  the  problem  which  you  discussed  has  been  solved,  but,  like  yourself, 
I  am  certain  it  must,  and  it  can,  and  it  will  be  solved. 

Very  truly  yours, 

L  G.  D.,  B.  Ph. 

Philosophy  Department 
Seton  Hall  University 
South  Orange,  New  Jersey 


Editorial 


What  Are  You  Going  To  Do  About  It? 

A  recent  speech  by  Secretary  of  Agriculture  Brannan  provides  real  food 
for  thought  for  every  man  or  woman  who  has  to  depend  on  his  or  her  pay 
check  for  maintaining  a  decent  standard  of  Hving.  Speaking  to  a  Michigan 
farm  group,  Brannan  blasted  the  speculators  and  profiteers  who  are  making 
a  fortune  out  of  the  national  emergency. 

"At  the  time  of  the  Korean  outbreak,"  Brannan  pointed  out,  "a  speculator 
could  buy  soybean  futures  by  putting  up  only  20  cents  a  bushel,  or  less  than 
10  per  cent  of  the  price.  In  the  four  days  from  June  24  to  June  28,  the  futures 
prices  advanced  from  $1.20  a  bushel  to  S2.64.  So  the  profit  on  the  20-cent 
down  payment  amounted  to  54  cents,  or  270  per  cent. 

"A  speculator  still  can  buv  $6,000  worth  of  sugar  for  a  down  payment  of 
only  8800;  Sll.OOO  worth  of' wheat  for  81.250;  819,000  worth  of  cotton  for 
83,000,  and  $5,000  worth  of  eggs  for  only  8500  down." 

How  much  speculative  operations  of  this  kind  have  dri\'en  up  food  prices 
is  impossible  to  say.  However,  the  results  are  apparent  to  the  average  house- 
wife ever\'  time  she  visits  the  grocery  store.  The  speculators  and  profiteers 
are  taking  their  cut  out  of  e\'ery  dollar  she  spends  for  beans  or  bacon. 

At  a  time  when  the  nation  is  fighting  for  its  very  life,  it  seems  unjust 
that  such  things  should  exist.  Howe\er  there  is  no  fault  to  find  with  the 
idea  of  commodity  exchanges.  They  sers^e  a  very  useful  purpose  in  that 
they  pro\"ide  a  meeting  place  for  buyers  and  sellers,  thereby  allowing  the, 
law  of  supply  and  demand  to  operate  freely.  Neither  can  too  much  criti- 
cism be  directed  against  those  who  take  advantage  of  the  situation  to  pick 
up  a  fast  buck.  The  chief  fault  lies  with  Congress  for  allowing  such  a  situa- 
tions to  exist.  Congress  could  have  remedied  the  situation  quickly  by  tight- 
ening credit  rules  and  drastically  raising  margin  requirements  as  well  as  by 
raising  income  taxes  on  speculati\e  profits.  But  we  did  not  have  that  kind 
of  a  Congress,  because  too  many  working  people  stayed  away  from  the  polls 
last  time.  The  result  is  that  working  people  not  only  have  to  pay  higher 
prices  for  their  foodstuffs  but  also  they  have  to  carry  a  bigger  share  of  the 
tax  load  to  pay  for  national  defense. 

In  the  1948  elections,  labor  did  a  good  job.  However,  it  was  not  quite 
good  enough.  By  a  hairline  margin  the  Big  Business  bloc  in  Congress  main- 
tained control.  The  unhappy  results  have  been  making  themselves  apparent 
ever  since.  Had  labor  elected  just  a  few  more  liberal  Congressmen,  the 
Knowland  amendment  would  not  have  been  tacked  onto  the  Social  Security 
bill  and  West  Coast  seamen  today  would  not  be  faced  with  the  choice  of 
taking  low-paid  jobs  on  unorganized  ships  or  giving  up  unemplo\TTient  in- 
surance benefits.  Neither  would  excess  profits  remain  untouched  while  the 
workingman's  pay  envelope  took  another  gouging  from  the  tax  collector. 
Neither  would  unions  still  be  trying  to  operate  under  the  confused  and 
restrictive  provisions  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Law. 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

However,  what  is  past  is  past.  November  7th  gives  us  an  opportunity 
to  start  from  scratch  again.  On  that  date  we  can  elect  the  kind  of  a  Congress 
that  will  protect  the  interests  of  all  the  people  rather  than  the  interests  of 
a  chosen  few.  We  can  elect  a  Congress  that  will  take  the  profiteering  out 
of  the  national  crisis.  We  can  elect  a  Congress  that  will  make  ability  to 
pay  the  controlling  factor  in  financing  the  new  war  effort.  We  can  elect  a 
Congress  that  will  appreciate  the  right  and  need  of  working  people  to  organize 
themselves  into  democratic  unions  without  interference  or  restriction  from 
the  government.  We  can  elect  a  Congress  that  will  insure  fair  treatment  for 
all  groups  and  all  segments  of  our  society. 

It  will  not  be  an  easy  job;  but  it  will  be  a  far  from  impossible  one.  The 
election  of  1948  proved  that  fact  conclusively.  Labor  has  the  votes.  If  all 
of  us  register  at  the  proper  time  and  go  to  the  polls  on  election  day,  nothing 
can  stop  us.  But  doing  so  means  that  every  working  man  and  woman  in 
the  nation  will  have  to  do  his  or  her  share.  Registering  and  voting  are  two 
things  each  individual  must  do  for  himself.  No  union  nor  committee  can  do 
the  job  for  a  citizen— he  must  do  it  for  himself. 

Sooner  or  later  our  nation  probably  will  be  compelled  to  go  on  a  full 
war  basis.  That  means  controls— controls  over  wages,  profits,  working  con- 
ditions and  just  about  everything  else.  The  Congress  we  elect  on  November 
7th  will  decide  what  those  controls  will  be  and  how  they  will  be  admin- 
istered. If  we  elect  a  decent  Congress,  the  controls  will  be  reasonable  and 
fair  to  all.  If  another  reactionary  Congress  gets  in,  the  rich  will  get  richer 
and  the  poor  will  get  poorer.  It  is  as  simple  as  that.  What  are  YOU  going 
to  do  about  it?  ♦ 

Brass  Hats  Should  Be  Curbed 

Ever  since  the  end  of  World  War  II,  this  journal  has  vigorously  cam- 
paigned against  the  growing  tendency  on  the  part  of  the  military  to  usurp 
functions  which  traditionally  belong  in  civilian  hands.  Now  the  Metal  Trades 
Department  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  has  entered  the  fight.  In 
his  annual  report  to  the  Metal  Trades  Department  Convention,  President 
James  A.  Brownlow  bitterly  assailed  the  Pentagon  Brass  for  riding  rough' 
shod  over  the  rights  of  many  classes  of  citizens.  In  no  uncertain  terms.  Brown- 
low  urged  that  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  Convention  take  strong 
action  demanding  an  end  of  military  encroachment  on  affairs  that  belong  in 
civilian  hands. 

Brownlow  listed  a  long  roster  of  grievances  against  the  military  brass 
hats.  He  cited  the  widespread  relacement  of  civilian  workers  in  navy  yards 
and  army  projects  by  enlisted  personnel  in  uniform  as  an  ever-growing  evil. 
He  enumerated  many  attempts  by  brass  hats  to  break  down  craft  standards 
in  military  operation  within  their  jurisdictions. 

"This  gradual  usurping  by  the  military  of  functions  which  are  essentially 
civilian  does  not  augur  well  for  the  future  of  our  nation,"  Brownlow  stated. 
"It  is  not  difficult  to  envisage  a  military  dictatorship,  with  military  personnel, 
under  military  conditions,  carrying  out  every  phase  of  defense  operations, 
including  those  which  are  civilian  in  character." 

That  undoubtedly  is  what  the  military  is  driving  for  consciously  or  un- 
consciously. In  every  nation  in  every  period  of  history  the  military  has  con- 
stantly endeavored  to  take  over  the  complete  reins  of  government.  More 
often  than  not,  it  has  succeeded.  The  far-sighted  men  who  founded  this  nation 


26  THE    CARPENTER 

and  wrote  the  constitution  which  still  governs  us  recognized  the  dangers  of 
military  usurpation  of  civilian  rights.  To  guard  against  such  a  possibility',  they 
made  the  President  commander-in-chief  of  all  militar}'  forces— a  move  aimed 
at  keeping  control  of  national  defense  in  civilian  hands.  In  all  the  years 
since  that  time,  the  military  has  never  stopped  tr\dng  to  extend  its  control 
of  our  national  life.  Heretofore  all  such  attempts  have  been  unsuccessful 
Today  howe\'er,  the  military  is  closer  to  succeeding  than  it  has  ever  been. 

National  peril  always  gi\-es  the  militan.^  a  chance  to  move  in.  The  un- 
settled and  dangerous  foreign  situation  which  has  existed  for  the  past  ten 
or  twelve  years  has  been  made  to  order  for  the  military.  In  perilous  times 
such  as  these  any  criticism  of  the  military'  can  easily  be  labeled  as  "dangerous" 
or  "useful  to  the  enemy."  The  more  "hush-hush"  that  is  required,  the  better 
able  is  the  military  to  impose  its  own  ideas  on  our  national  life. 

Business  agents  and  union  committees  which  have  had  to  deal  with  mili- 
tary brass  in  recent  months  regarding  working  conditions  on  military'  estab- 
lishments know  how  arbitrary  some  of  the  brass  can  be.  Many  of  the  miH- 
tary  men  have  been  both  courteous  and  considerate.  Others.  howe\'er,  have 
been  as  arrogant  and  arbitrary  as  little  dictators.  From  the  decisions  of  the 
latter  it  has  been  well-nigh  impossible  to  get  relief.  Unless  an  effective  pro- 
gram for  curbing  the  growing  usurpation  of  power  by  the  military  is  worked 
out,  another  all-out  war  effort  may  find  the  military  in  complete  control  of 
our  national  life  even  after  the  peril  has  passed. 

Everyone  recognizes  that  our  nation  is  in  grave  danger.  Drastic  steps  may 
become  necessary  to  safeguard  our  national  life.  If  they  do,  no  one  will 
quibble.  No  sacrifices  will  be  too  great  to  protect  our  way  of  life  against 
totalitarianism.  However,  the  very  essence  of  our  way  of  life  lies  in  ci\-ilian 
control—  that  is,  government  by  the  consent  of  the  governed.  The  fathers 
of  our  country  never  evisioned  the  militar\-  as  a  law  or  body  unto  itself.  Under 
civilian  control  we  ha\e  fought  a  half  dozen  wars— all  of  them  successful!}-. 
Most  of  the  foes  we  beat  were  headed  by  a  military  dictatorship.  If  another 
war  becomes  unavoidable,  it,  too,  must  be  fought  under  civilian  control.  That 
is  the  most  positive  way  of  insuring  that  a  totalitarian  economy  will  not 
develop  at  home  while  we  are  licking  a  totalitarian  economy  abroad. 

• 

A  Long  Overdue  Move 

There  has  been  very  Httle  to  cheer  about  in  the  news  that  has  been  com- 
ing out  of  Washington  in  recent  months.  However,  one  bright  spot  recently 
appeared  in  the  otherwise  drab  picture.  When  Robert  Denham,  Taft-Hart- 
ley czar,  turned  in  his  resignation,  a  silent  chorus  of  "Amens"  must  have  swept 
the  nation. 

A  bad  law  is  a  bad  law.  Sometimes  a  good  administrator  can  ameliorate 
the  worst  effects  of  a  bad  law.  But  when  you  get  a  bad  law  such  as  the 
Taft-Hartley  Act  and  have  it  administered  by  an  individual  as  biased  and 
arrogant  as  Denham,  you  really  have  a  mess  on  your  hands.  Denhams 
resignation  will  not  cure  anything.  The  Taft-Hartley  Law  will  still  remain  on 
the  statute  books.    But  we  doubt  if  a  poorer  administrator  can  be  found. 

Repeal  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  still  remains  as  No.  1  objective  of  organ- 
ized labor.  Until  that  objective  is  reached  there  can  be  no  letdown.  In  the 
meantime,  Denham  s  resignation  cannot  be  considered  anything  but  a  step 
forward. 


THE  LOCKER 

By  JOHN   HART.  Local   Union   366,   New   York,   N.  Y. 

BRIEF  RULES  OF  ORDER 

This  ABC  of  parliamentary  rules  is  for  the  benefit  of  those  members  who  hesitate  to 
tcike  active  part  in  the  meetings  because  they  don't  know  the  ropes.  It  is  also  for  the 
possible  benefit  of  those  who  do  take  an  active  part,  but  wlio  may  not  know  tlie  rules 
either.  If  you  wish  to  know  them  better,  get  Roberts'  Rules  of  Order.  It  contains  325 
pages  and  costs  around  $2.00.  When  you  know  everything  in  Roberts',  then  you  don't 
know  anything  else— you  wouldn't  have  room  for  it.  Incidentally  the  material  here  given 
follows  generally  the  rules  as  given  in  our  Constitution,  Pages  62,  63.  Anything  that's 
difi^erent  or  additional  we  made  up  ourselves. 

The  Chairman.  The  presiding  officer  is  addressed  as  "Mr.  Chairman,"  not  "Brother 
Chairman."  He  refers  impersonally  to  himself  as  the  chair.  He  cannot  make,  second,  or 
discuss  a  motion  unless  he  vacates  the  chair  and  takes  the  floor  as  a  member.  He  votes 
only  by  ballot  or,  in  open  voting,  when  his  vote  could  change  the  result.  He  is  presumed 
to  be  politically  intelligent,  impartial,  and  ably  competent  to  maintain  order.  Any  favors 
at  his  disposal  are  awarded  with  due  regard  for  ability  and  merit.  The  members  recip- 
rocate by  according  him  equivalent  respect. 

The  Minutes.  They  are  the  record  of  the  meeting's  proceedings.  Provided  they  are 
clear,  concise,  and  correct,  good  judgment,  rather  than  fixed  rules,  governs  their  keeping. 
All  stated  motions  are  noted,  the  makers'  names,  and  how  they  were  disposed  of.  They 
are  accessible  to  any  member  at  the  convenience  of  the  Recording  Secretary. 

Quorum.  Means  the  stipulated  number  of  members  which  must  be  present  to  transact 
business  legally.    In  our  organization  that  nvmiber  is  seven. 

The  Question.  Whatever  stated  proposition  is  before  the  house  is  called  the  question; 
a  main  motion,  amendment,  appeal  etc.  When  members  call  "Question!  Question!"  they 
want  the  proposition  put  to  a  vote  without  further  debate.  This  is  called  "putting  the 
question." 

Point  of  Order.  This  is  a  much  abused  parliamentary  rule.  Three  infractions  by  a  speak- 
er call  for  a  point  of  order;  improper  language,  off  the  question,  speaking  too  long.  You 
may  interrupt  by  rising  and  saying,  "Mr.  Chairman,  I  rise  to  a  point  of  order."  The  speaker 
sits  down.  The  chair  asks  you  to  state  your  point.  You  state  it.  If  he  agrees  he  will  say, 
"Your  point  is  well  taken,"  and  the  speaker  will  be  corrected.  If  he  disagrees  he  will  say 
your  point  is  not  well  taken,  and  the  speaker  rises  and  continues,  from  which  decision 
you  may  appeal  to  the  meeting.  A  point  of  order  should  not  be  raised  for  the  sly,  selfish 
purpose  of  getting  the  floor  under  tlie  protection  of  the  rules  of  debate,  to  put  over  a  few 
fast  ones.  An  alert  chairman  will  spot  this  trick  and  step  on  the  offender  promptly.  Points 
of  order  are  also  raised  against  irregular  motions,  violations  of  the  Brotherhood  laws,  etc. 

Voting.  Voting  may  be  by  voice,  show  of  hands,  rising,  ballot,  or  by  general  consent 
when  the  business  is  merely  routine.  You  may  demand  tlie  count  of  a  questionable  voice 
vote  by  saying,  "I  call  for  a  division."  The  Conductor  counts  a  show  of  hands  and  the 
chair  announces  the  result,  for  and  against.  A  tie  vote  kills  the  motion.  A  vote  in  conflict 
with  the  Brotherhood  laws  or  the  law  of  the  land  is  null  and  void,  even  if  unanimous.  You 
may  change  your  vote  provided  the  result  is  not  announced.  After  that,  only  by  general 
consent  or  a  carried  motion.  You  are  duty  bound  to  vote  unless  personally  concerned. 
Persistent  non-voters  please  note:  Silence  means  consent.  So  don't  squawk  if  you  don't 
like  the  result. 

Debate.  If  you  are  the  maker  of  a  motion  you  know  best  the  purpose  of  it,  and  should 
speak  first  on  the  question.  Always  address  your  remarks  to  the  chair.  Don't  speak  dis- 
respectfully of  a  brodier  member.  Stick  to  the  question— don't  drag  it  out— don't  speak 
more  than  once  until  tlie  odiers  have  had  a  crack  at  it— watch  your  language.  If  a  point 
of  order  is  raised,  take  your  seat  until  it  has  been  ruled  on.  And  remember  this:  When 
visiting  another  Local  don't  speak  until  you  armounce  yourself  as  a  non-member,  and  re- 
quest the  privilege  of  the  floor.  Don't  butt  in  on  strictly  Local  business.  This  is  the  con- 
cern of  strictly  Local  men. 

Appeal  from  the  Chair's  decision.  If  you  disagree  with  the  chair's  ruhng  you  may  appeal 
to  the  meeting  by  rising  and  saying,  "I  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  chair."  This  may  be 
seconded.  The  chair  then  turns  tlie  gavel  over  to  the  Vice-President  who  becomes  the 
temporary  chairman.  You  state  your  objection.  The  chair  states  the  reason  for  his  ruling. 
No  one  else  speaks.  Then  the  V.P,  inquires,  "Shall  the  decision  of  the  chair  be  sustained?"  If 


28  THE    CARPENTER 

the  members  vote  Aye,  the  chair's  decision  stands;  if  Xo,  \'our  xdews  hold  good.  The  chair- 
man resumes  his  seat  and  the  meeting  continues  according  to  the  wshes  of  the  members. 

Reconsider  a  Motion.  An  adopted  motion  may  be  recalled  at  die  same,  or  next  meeting 
after  which  it  is  too  late.    If  you  \-oted  for  the  motion,  get  the  floor  and  say,  "I  move  to 

reconsider  the  \ote  on  the  motion  to ."  This  must  be  seconded  by  one  who  also  voted 

for  it.  If  the  members  vote  Aye,  the  motion  is  restated  and  acted  upon  all  over  again. 
But  if  any  motion  has  actively  taken  effect  by  the  signing  of  a  contract,  or  the  payment  of 
bills  etc.,  it  cannot  be  reconsidered. 

Obtaining  the  Floor.  If  you  wish  to  take  the  floor  \-ou  must  first  be  recognized.  Rise 
when  the  floor  is  vacant,  and  say,  "Mr.  Chairman,  Brother  Smith."  You  announce  your 
name  if  you  think  the  chair  does  not  know  it.  This  is  also  necessar>-  when  making  a  motion 
so  that  the  Recording  Secretary  can  note  it.  The  chair  wall  recognize  you  by  calhng  your 
name,  or  by  simply  nodding  in  youj  direction.  Anyone  not  recognized  must  \ield  the  floor 
to  one  who  has  been  recognized.  Exceptions  to  recognition:  Points  of  order,  emergency 
questions  of  pri\-ilege,  appeals  and  calls  for  a  division. 

Main  Motion.    To  make  a  motion,  say,  after  getting  the  floor,  "I  move  that  ."    So 

that  the  meeting  \\"ill  not  waste  time  on  something  in  which  only  one  member  is  interested, 
all  motions  must  be  seconded  except  routine  ones,  and  these  also  if  anyone  objects.  No 
one  speaks  on  your  motion  until  it  has  been  stated  by  the  chair  in  this  form:"  It  has  been 

moved  and  seconded  that .    "Are  you  ready  for  the  question?"  Xow's  the  time  to  talk. 

If  no  one  wishes  to  do  so,  the  chair  rises  and  puts  it  to  a  vote.  With  the  consent  of  the 
seconder,  you  may  withdraw  yom:  motion  before  it  is  stated.  But,  once  put  before  the 
house  it  is  the  property  of  the  members  and  caimot  be  withdra\\Ti  without  their  permis- 
sion. Assuming  your  motion  has  been  stated,  take  a  look  at  what  can  happen  to  it. 

Amendment   Anyone  may  try  to  improve  your  motion  by  saving,  "I  mo\-e  to  amend  by 

."    His  amendment  caimot  be  in  contradiction  to  your  motion.    It  must  modify  it  by 

adding,  eliminating,  or  substituting  certain  words.  It  caUs  for  change,  but  not  destruction. 
Now  his  amendment  may  also  be  amended  by  someone  moving  an  amendment  to  the 
amendment.  (Do  you  get  it?).  But  this  is  as  far  as  you  can  go,  and  tliat's  far  enough.  This 
amendment  business  is  tricky,  and  the  chair  should  be  depended  on  to  straighten  it  out. 
If  no  one,  even  the  chair,  can  make  head  or  tad  of  it,  someone  can  offer  what  is  called  a 
substitute  for  the  whole.  If  accepted,  this  takes  the  place  of  your  motion. 

Refer  or  Commit.  Yom-  motion  may  be  passed  on  to  others  in  this  way.  "I  move  that 
the  question  be  referred  to  the  Executive  Board,"  or  some  other  body.  If  carried,  there 
goes  your  motion,  and  the  next  business  is  taken  up. 

Postpone  to  a  certain  time.  If  pressure  of  business  warrants  it,  your  motion  may  be  laid 
ov^er  to  a  futin-e  date  by  acceptance  of  this  motion,  "I  move  that  this  matter  be  postponed 
to  our  next  meeting,"  or  some  other  date.  At  which  appointed  time  your  motion  comes  up 
without, vote,  as  unfinished  business. 

The  Previous  Question.  A  member  who  thinks  your  motion  is  being  over-talked  may 
rise  and  move  to  stop  debate  by  saying,  "I  move  the  previous  question."  This  must  be 
seconded.  The  chair  asks,  "Shall  the  main  question  be  now  put"?  If  carried  by  a  two-thirds 
vote,  yoxn:  motion  is  put  to  a  vote  at  once.  It  is  unfair  for  a  member  who  has  had  his  say, 
and  plenty,  to  move  the  previous  question  just  to  gag  the  others.  This  motion  should  only 
be  used  when  all  sensible  discussion  seems  to  be  exhausted. 

Lay  on  the  Table.  Yomr  motion  may  be  politely  kicked  in  the  rear  bv"  someone  moving, 
"I  mov-e  that  the  question  be  laid  on  the  table."  This  motion  is  undebatable,  and  needs 
only  a  majority  vote  to  carrv-.  If  adopted,  your  motion  can  only  be  taken  from  the  table 
by  majority  vote  at  the  same  or  next  meeting.  ^After  that,  its  as  dead  as  a  door  nail,  what- 
e\er  that  is. 

Adjourn.  Somewhere  in  the  middle  of  the  discussion  on  yom"  motion  some  tired  mem- 
ber ma>-  move  to  adjourn.  This  motion  is  properly  made  by  a  recognized  member,  and 
seconded.  Calls  of  "Adjourn;  Adjourn;"  need  not  be  heeded  by  the  chair.  But  when 
evervlhing  seems  wound  up  and  ever>-one  seems  played  out,  informalitv-  rules,  and  ad- 
journment is  very  often  by  general  consent.  If  your  motion  was  still  up  in  the  air  when 
adjournment  was  voted,  it  comes  up  automatically  at  the  ne.xt  meeting  as  unfinished 
business.  A  motion  to  adjourn  is  out  of  order  when  the  members  have  voted  that  the  pre- 
vious question  be  put. 

Note.  The  above  motions  are  arranged  in  rising-  order  of  importance.  The  one  nearest  the  main 
motion  givets  way  to  one  further  away.  Example:  You  can't  move  to  refer  after  a  motion  lay  on  the 
table.    You   can  move  to  postpone   after  an   amendment  has   been   moved. 


29 


EVERY  MEMBER  A  STAR 

*        *        * 

BROTHERHOOD  members  will  soon  be  seeing  a  new  movie  which  was 
barely  completed  in  time  for  a  premiere  at  the  Twenty-sixth  General 
Convention  in  Cincinnati.  Authorized  by  the  General  Executive  Board 
and  produced  under  the  supei"vision  of  the  General  Office,  the  new  movie 
emphasizes  the  great  variety  of  skills  employed  by  Brotherhood  members 
and  the  vital  part  that  Brotherhood  members  play  in  the  building  of  a  strong 
and  prosperous  America.  The  movie  was  a  full  year  in  the  making.  Camera- 
men traveled  the  nation  over  from  the  Douglas  Fir  forests  of  the  Pacific  North- 


Movie  making  requires  many  skills 

west  to  the  mammoth  bridge  and  construction  projects  of  New  York  and 
Maryland  to  get  the  story  of  Brotherhood  skills  recorded  on  film.  They 
worked  their  cameras  from  rafters  in  sawmills  and  from  bucking  boats  in 
the  middle  of  Chesapeake  Bay  to  get  the  shots  they  needed  to  tell  the  story 
of  what  Brotherhood  members  are  doing  to  make  and  keep  America  mighty. 
The  result  is  a  movie  of  unusual  interest— one  which  every  Brotherhood  mem- 
ber should  enjoy  throughly. 


30 


THE    CARPENTER 


On  Thursday  afternoon,  September 
7th,  a  pilot  print  of  the  movie  was 
shown  to  the  delegates  to  the  Cincin- 
nati convention.  Response  to  the  film 
was  highly  enthusiastic.  Many  dele- 
gates thought  it  to  be  the  best  film  of 
its  kind  they  have  ever  seen. 

Produced  in  color  and  sound,  the 
film  starts  with  the  production  of  lum- 
ber in  the  Northwest  by  brotherhood 
members.  It  shows  the  great  agility 
and  skill  loggers  need  to  harvest  the 
giant  trees.  It  shows  the  high  degree 
of  technical  proficiency  required  to 
get  the  logs  transported  to  the  mills, 
and  the  great  amount  of  know-how 
needed  to  turn  the  logs  into  lumber 
and  plywood.  It  shows  how  efficiently 
Brotherhood  members  turn  that  lum- 
ber and  plywood  into  furniture   and 


Sound  is  important 

doors.  Then  it  shows  how  other 
Brotherhood  members,  combining 
knowledge  and  skill,  turn  lumber  and 
plywood  and  steel  into  dams,  bridges, 
buildings    and    churches.     It    shows 


how  millwrights  make  efficient  facto- 
ries out  of  the  finished  buildings  by 
installing  generators,  conveyers,  etc. 
In  fact,  the  film  shows  just  about  all 
the   hundreds   of    skills    Brotherhood 


Makeup  artist  at  work 

members  employ  day  in  and  day  out 
to  keep  America  the  most  prosperous 
nation  on  earth. 

The  title  of  the  new  film  is  "The 
Carpenter".  It  runs  nearly  an  hour 
in  length.  Like  the  two  previous 
films  produced  by  the  General  Office 
—"This  Is  Your  Brotherhood"  and 
"The  Carpenters'  Home"— the  new 
film  will  be  distributed  by  the  Gen- 
eral Office  on  a  "first  come  first  serv- 
ed" basis.  Ample  copies  are  being 
ordered.  Local  Unions  and  Councils 
interested  in  holding  a  showing  of 
the  new  film  should  address  their  in- 
quiries to; 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON,  First  G.  V.  P., 
Carpenters  Bldg.,  222  E.  Michigan  St. 
Indianapolis  4,  Ind. 


PRESIDENT  SETS  UP  WAGE-PRICE  BOARD 

President  Truman  issued  executive  orders  establishing  an  Economic  Stabilization 
Agency,  with  a  director  of  prices  and  a  wage  board,  in  a  step  furthering  the  winning  of  the 
Korean  war  and  national  defense. 

The  same  executive  orders  delegated  authority  to  allocate  scarce  materials,  curb  credit 
installment  buying,  issue  priorities  and  expand  production. 

As  a  basis  for  price  control,  Mr.  Truman  ordered  all  business  and  industry  to  preserve 
their  records  of  prices  and  labor  costs  of  goods  and  services  for  the  May  24-June  24, 
1950,  period. 

Stabilization  of  prices  and  wages  will  be  under  the  direction  of  the  administrator  of  the 
Economic  Stabilization  Agency.  The  wage  board  under  his  authority  shall  consist  of  three 
members  each  from  organized  labor,  industry  and  the  public. 


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 

Qbneeal  Offtce  :  Carpenters'  Building.  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


General  President 

WM.   L.   HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'  Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


First  General  Vice-President 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


Acting  Secretart 

ALBERT   E.    FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN   R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Treasurer 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Executive  Board 


First   District,    CHARLES   JOHNSON,    JR. 
Ill  B.  22nd   St.,   New  Yorlj   10,   N.   Y. 


Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBERTS 
3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second   District,    O.    WM.    BLAIBR 
933  E.  Magee,   Philadelphia  11,   Pa. 


Sixth   District,   A.   W.   MUIR 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District,   HARRY   SCHWARZBR 
1248   Walnut  Ave.,    Cleveland,    O. 


Seventh  District 


Fourth   District,    ROLAND    ADAMS 
712  West  Palmetto    St.,   Florence,    S.   C. 


WM.  L.   HUTCHESON,   Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER.  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 


Notice  to  Recording  Secretaries 

The  quarterly  circular  for  the  months  of  October,  November  and  December, 
1950,  containing  the  quarterly  pa.ssword,  has  been  forwarded  to  all  Local 
Unions  of  the  United  Brotherhood.  Recording  Secretaries  not  in  receipt  of 
this  circular  should  notify  Albert  E.  Fischer,  Carpenters'  Building,  Indian- 
apolis, Indiana. 

• — 

Be  Sure  to  Register  and  Vote 

In  most  states  registration  books  close  late  this  month.  Unless  you  and  your 
family  are  registered,  all  the  good  intentions  in  the  vs^orld  will  not  count  on 
November  7th—  you  will  still  be  ineligible  to  vote. 

With  the  future  as  uncertain  as  it  is,  the  November  7th  election  is  going 
to  be  the  most  important  one  in  many,  many  years.  The  people  we  send  to 
Congress  on  that  day  will  have  more  control  over  our  lives  than  any  similar 
group  has  had  for  generations,  since  the  international  situation  may  make 
necessary  all  sorts  of  drastic  curbs  and  restrictions  any  day.  How  the  work- 
ers fare  will  depend  on  the  kind  of  Congress  sitting  in  Washington.  Let's 
make  it  a  decent  one  by  registering  and  voting. 


^  tt  iM 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them, 
Not  dead,  just  gone  before; 


tmorxntn 


They  still  live  in  our  memory, 
And  will  forever  more 


%eBi  in  l^l^sctt 

The  Editor  has  been  requested  to  publish  the  namea 
of    the    following    Brothers    who    have    passed    away. 


HOWARD  T.  ALLISON,  L.  U.  696,  Tampa,  Fla. 

EMORY    H.    BARKHOUSE,    L.    U.    40,    Boston, 

Mass. 

J.   A.   BENEDICT,   L.   U.   946,  Los   Angeles,   CaL 
EMIL    BENSON,   L.   U.   7,   Minneapolis,   Minn. 
ANDREW  BJELDE,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
J.    EDW.    BLOMQUIST,    L.    U.    778,    Fitchburg, 
Mass.  , 

JOHN    J.    BRINEARD,    L.    U.    1491,    Royersford, 

Pa. 
FRED   BROMLEY,  L.  U.  946,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
ELMER  T.  BROWN,  L.  U.  696,  Tampa,  Fla. 
HENRY    A.    BROWN,    L.    U.    67,    Boston,    Mass. 
PAUL   N.  BURNEY,   L.  U.   696,   Tampa,  Fla. 
GUST  A.  CARLSON,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
WILLIAM    CARMODY,    L.    U.     1035,    Taunton, 

Mass. 
JACK   C.   CHICK,   L.   U.  696,   Tampa,   Fla. 
T.   T.    CHRISTIANSEN,   L.   U.    993,   Miami,   Fla. 
C.   B.    CRUTCHER,    L.   U.   993,   Miami,   Fla. 
CLARENCE  CUNNINGHAM,  L.  U.  1508,  Clyde, 

N.  Y. 
ELBERT   DORSETT,  L.  U.  696,   Tampa,   Fla. 

GEORCJE   FLETCHER,   L.   U.   946,   Los    Angeles, 

Cal. 
FRED  FOUNTAIN,  L.  U.  1822,  Ft.  Worth,  Tex. 
ROBERT   ERASER,   L.  U.  7,   Minneapolis,   Minn. 
FRED  GILLETTE,  L.  U.   1508,   Clyde,  N.   Y. 
IVAR     GUSTAFSON,     L.     U.    488,     New     York, 

N.  Y. 
MATTS    GUSTAVSON,    L.    U.    488,    New    York, 

N.  Y. 
EARL  HAINES,  L.  U.  35,  San  Rafael,  Calif. 
AXEL   HED,  L.   U.   7,   Minneapolis,   Minn. 
HANS  A.  HEGGEN,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
FRANK  E.  HENRY,  L.  U.   993,  Miami,  Fla. 
ANDREW    HOLM,    L.    U.    7,    Minneapolis,    Minn. 
L.   L.   JACKSON,   L.   U.   7,   Minneapolis,   Minn. 
C.  A.   JOHNSON,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,   Minn. 
G.  W.  JOHNSON,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
ROBERT  JOHNSON,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
JOHN   C.  JONES,   L.  U.   1383,   Sarasota,  Fla. 
W.   J.   JONES,    L.   U.    622,    Waco,    Texas 
W.   P.   JONES,   L.   U.  946,   Los   Angeles,   CaL 


O.  A.  KELLY,  L.  U.  696,  Tampa,  Fla. 

EDW.   A.    KOEHNLEIN,    L.   U.   488,   New   York, 

N.   Y. 
MARTIN     LAICURSI,     L.    U.     115,     Bridgeport, 

Conn.       , 
W.  P.  LATIMER,  L.  U.  946,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
AUGUST  LEMON,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
EDGAR  LEWIS,  L.  U.  993,  Miami,  Fla. 
ANDREW    LINDQUIST,    L.    U.    7,    Minneapolis, 

,      Minn. 
JOHN    E.    McCLENDON,    L.    U.    332,    Bogalusa, 

La. 
LOUCHLIN    N.    McLELLAN,   L.    U.   67,    Boston, 

Mass. 
VICTOR  MAKELA,,  L.  U.  488,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
P.  J.  MARTINEAU,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
ISREAL  MINKOFF,  L.  U.  325,  Paterson,  N.  J. 
JOHN   MOLSNESS,   L.   U.   7,  Minneapolis,   Minn. 
JEROME  A.  MOSER,  L.  U.  2180,  Defiance,  Ohio 
JOHN    NOREN,   L.   U.   7,   Minneapolis,   Minn. 
MANUEL  PELAEZ,  L.  U.  696,  Tampa,  Fla. 
A.  W.  PETERSON,  L.  U.   115,  Bridgeport,  Conn.., 
SCOTT   RATTER,  L.  U.   1035,   Taunton,   Mass. 
LOUIS   READLING,  L.   U.  440,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

WALTER     J.     RICHARD,     L.     U.     1098,     Bato| 

Rouge,   La. 
JOSEPH  J.  SALARIO,  L.  U.  1098,  Baton  Rougl 

La. 
M.  SCHOLER,  L.  U.   946,   Los   Angeles,   Calif. 
OLE    STENVIG,    L.   U.    7,    Minneapolis,   Minn. 
EDWIN  STORDAL,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,  Minii 
JAKE  STOYKE,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
HANS  STROM,  L.  U.  7,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
E.  E.  SUTTON,   L.  U.   946,  Los   Angeles,   Cal. 
ERNEST     SWANSON,     L.    U.    488,    New    Yorii 

N.  Y. 

ALFRED   TOLLEY,  L.  U.   1035,   Taunton,  Mass 
W.  R.  TURNER,  L.  U.  622,  Waco,  Texas 

BEN    H.    VAUGHAN,    L.    U.    1683,    El    Doradq 

Ark. 
W.  L.  WEBB,  L.  U.  993,  Miami,  Fla. 
V.  E.  WOODCOCK,  L.  U.  946,  Los  Angeles,  Ca| 
FLOYD  E.  YOUNG,  L.  U.  993,  Miami,  Fla. 
ELLISON     R.     ZUMBRO,     L.     U.     1098,     Batoij 

Rouge,  La. 


CorrQspondQncQ 


This  Journal  is  Not  Responsible  for  Views  Expressed  by  Correspondents. 

MISSOURI  STATE  COUNCIL  OF  CARPENTERS  HOLDS  CONVENTION 

IN  KANSAS  CITY 

The  Twelfth  Annual  Convention  of  tlie  MISSOURI  STATE  COUNCIL  of  Carpenters 
convened  at  tlie  Phillips  Hotel  in  Kansas  City,  Misssouri,  May  14th.  Attending  this  Con- 
vention were  approximately  ninety  (90)  delegates  from  all  parts  of  the  State,  in  addition 
to  fraternal  delegates  from  Illinois,  Nebraska,  Wisconsin  and  Oklahoma  State  Councils, 
this  being  the  largest  convention  in  the  history  of  the  Missouri  State  Council. 
I  The  honored   guest   of  the   Convention  was   Brother   Frank   DuflFy,    General   Secretary 

I  Emeritus  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America.  Other  im- 
portant labor  personalities  present  were  General  Executive  Board  Member  R.  E.  Roberts 
and  Mark  L.  Bagby,  former  Secretary-Treasurer  of  tlie  Missouri  State  Council,  and  now 
a  General  Representative  of  the  Brotherhood.  Speakers  included  John  Pennell  of  the 
U.  S.  Mediation  and  Conciliation  Service;  Edward  W.  Tanner,  prominent  Kansas  City 
architect;  Max  Garrison,  Missouri  State  Representative  of  the  8th  District;  W.  W.  Hutton, 
Secretary  of  the  Kansas  City  Builders'  Association;  and  Perrin  D.  McElroy,  Secretary  of 
the  Building  and  Construction  Trades  Council  of  Kansas  City. 

Between  business  sessions  of  the  Convention,  entertainment  was  furnished  the  delegates 
and  their  wives  by  the  Kansas  City  District  Council  of  Carpenters.  This  included  a  bus 
tour  of  points  of  interest  in  the  city  and  surrounding  territory,  all  of  which  was  climaxed 
by  a  banquet  which  was  dedicated  to  the  100th  anniversary  of  the  birth  of  the  late  Samuel 
Gompers,  founder  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  and  its  first  president.  The  prin- 
cipal speaker  at  this  banquet  was  Brother  Frank  DufFy,  personal  friend  of  Sam  Gompers, 
who  told  the  story  of  the  early  days  of  organized  labor,  reminiscing  on  the  intimate  life 
of  Samuel  Gompers,  with  which  he  was  so  familiar. 

The  complete  list  of  officers  elected  were  as  follows:  President,  Orrin  Masoner,  Kansas 
City,  Local  61;  Vice-President,  H.  A.  Vincent,  Springfield,  Local  978;  Secretary-Treasurer, 
Mel  Shasserre,  St.  Louis,  Local  417.  Executive  Board  Members:  1st  Dist.,  Floyd  Price, 
St.  Joseph,  Local  110;  2nd  Dist.,  Oran  Smith,  Louisiana,  Local  1008;  3rd  Dist.,  Mel 
Shasserre;  4th  Dist.,  John  Pfenenger,  Jefferson  City,  Local  945;  5th  Dist.,  Orrin  Masoner; 
6tli  Dist.,  H.  A.  Vincent;  7th  Dist.,  John  Frame,  Rolla,  Local  2298.  Millmen:  Eastern 
Dist.,  Anton  Lammert,  St.  Louis,  Local  1596;  Western  Dist.,  William  Muder,  Kansas  City, 
Local  1635.    Millwrights:  Samuel  Curd,  Kansas  City,  Local  1529. 


DAYTONA  BEACH  PICNIC  IS  GREAT  SUCCESS 

For  a  number  of  years  Local  Union  No.  1725,  Daytona  Beach,  Fla.,  has  sponsored  a 
mid-summer  picnic.  Each  year  the  affair  has  grown  in  popularity  until  today  it  is  one  of 
the  most  looked-forward-to  events  on  the  year's  program.  This  year's  picnic,  held  at  Holly 
Hill  City  Park,  was  an  outstanding  success.  Some  thousand  odd  members,  families  and 
friends  were  on  hand  to  help  make  the  affair  a  success.  This  exceeded  last  year's  atten- 
dance by  better  than  100. 

Thanks  to  the  efforts  of  the  entertainment  committee,  things  were  kept  humming  all 
day.  Games  of  all  kinds  for  the  kiddies  amused  both  young  and  old.  A  feature  of  the 
day  was  a  building  contest  for  youngsters  under  sixteen.  Some  thirty  boys  were  given 
ample  supplies  of  wood  scraps  plus  plenty  of  tools.  Each  boy  was  allowed  twenty  minutes 
to  make  something  useful  or  ornamental  out  of  the  wood  scraps.  Surprisingly,  the  boys 
turned  out  some  fine  articles  despite  the  many  handicaps  they  were  working  under. 

Food  and  refreshments  were  provided  by  the  union  and  all  who  were  on  hand  made 
the  most  of  the  occasion.  One  of  the  unusual  families  attending  the  outing  was  that  of  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  L.  D.  Graham.  With  their  children  and  grandchildren,  tlie  Graham  family  needed 
an  entire  table  for  themselves.  The  affair  wound  up  with  a  dance  at  the  Moose  Hall  in 
the  evening.    Despite  a  few  scattered  showers  the  entire  day  was  voted  a  grand  success. 


M 


34 


THE    CARPENTER 
PORT  .AJITHUR  LOCAL  JOINS  GOLDEN  CIRCLE 


Among  the  local  unions  joining  the  Golden  Circle  this  year  is  Local  Union  No.  610, 
Port  .Arthur.  Texas.  In  May  of  1900,  a  small  group  of  carpenters  in  the  Port  Arthur  area 
recei\'ed  the  charter  they  appHed  for  in  the  United  Brotherhood.  From  that  day  on,  the 
Port  Arthur  craftsmen  have  maintained  their  union  through  war  and  peace,  through  good 
times  and  bad.  In  all  that  time  ttiere  has  never  been  a  general  strike  or  other  stoppage  of 
work.  On  Ma>'  27tl"i  of  this  year.  Local  Union  No.  610  celebrated  the  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  its  founding  with  a  successfiil  banquet  and  social  evening  held  in  the  union's  own  home 
at  720  Beaumont  Ave. 


A  host  of  friends  of  thie  union— including  the  Hon.  J.  P.  Logan,  mayor  of  the  city— was 
on  hand  to  help  make  the  occasion  a  memorable  event.  Feature  of  the  e\ening  was  pre- 
sentafion  of  a  certificate  good  for  a  complete  new  wardrobe  to  Brother  Chas.  E.  Perry, 
only  hving  charter  member  of  the  union.  Down  the  years  Brother  Perry  has  remained  a 
true  and  faithful  member  and  his  presence  at  the  half  centurv  celebration  was  appreciated 
by  aU. 

Featured  speakers  of  the  evening  were  Mayor  Logan  and  the  Hon.  Jep  S.  Fuller.  Dis- 
trict Attorney  of  Jefferson  Countr>\  Both  speakers  paid  high  tribute  to  the  quality  of  leader- 
ship and  membership  which  has  advanced  Local  Union  No.  610  so  far  in  recent  years. 
A  capacity-  crowd  recei\"ed  their  remarks  with  appreciation. 

OflBcers  of  the  union  at  the  present  time  are:  Thomas  Frink,  president;  R.  M.  Laven- 
der, ^^ce-president;  G.  C.  Ray.  recording  secretary;  E.  N.  Glenken,  treasurer;  Edwards 
Harper,  financial  secretar>';  H.  G.  Dorman,  business  agent;  and  \^'.  E.  Singletone,  R.  M. 
Lavender,  and  J.  O.  Rodriquez,  trustees. 


LOCAL  No.  132  HONORS  42  GR.ADUATING  APPRENTICES 

With  Frank  W.  Lee,  the  genial  banker,  acting  as  toastmaster,  certificates  of  journey- 
manship  from  the  International  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  were  awarded  to 
41  former  apprentices  of  Carpenters  Local  Union  132,  Washington,  D.  C,  on  June  2.  The 
ceremony  took  place  in  the  Carpenters  HaU,  1003  K  St.,  N.W. 

Edgar  J.  Appel,  financial  secretary',  acted  as  chairman. 


THE    CARPENTER 


35 


Among  the  speakers  were  Robert  F.  Handley,  regional  supervisor,  Bureau  of  Appren- 
ticeship, U.  S.  Department-  of  Labor;  Daniel  C.  Noldy,  president.  Carpenters  District 
Council;  Fred  S.  Walker,  editor,  the  Trades  Unionist;  B.  B.  Blackburn,  secretary  of  the 
Council;  Nicholas  Loope,  director.  Joint  Carpentry  Apprenticeship  Committee,  and  other 
officials  of  the  Carpenters  District  Council,  including  Ben  Sanford,  Pete  Shaffer,  Nat  Jack- 
son, Bill  Johnson  and  Norman  Smith.    Refreshments  were  served. 

The  42  who  received  certificates  were:  Ray  L.  Baker,  Roy  M.  Batchelder,  Stanley  J. 
Bean,  C.  W.  Betson,  Robert  Bladt,  Caswell  J.  Brann,  Jr.,  Emory  E.  Brinson,  L.  H.  Crowder, 
Jr.,  Willard  Curtis,  Elwin  D.  Davis,  James  A.  Decatur,  Constant  P.  Disse,  Geo.  M.  Dixon,' 
George  C.  Ebbs,  John  Joseph  Clock,  Jr.,  Alfred  L.  Good,  John  M.  Gordon,  Jr.,  Russell  e! 
Gordon,  Wm.  Legg  Dordon,  Gerald  Grady,  William  H.  Hoover,  Vernon  V.  Johnson,  Felix 
B.  Lloyd,  Joseph  A.  Minnick,  Meade  C.  MuUinix,  Glenn  A.  Murphy,  Peter  Nelli,  William 
H.  Newberry,  Charles  L.  Ortman,  Melvin  S.  Page,  Millard  E.  Palmer,  Walbert  A.  Parker, 
Bernard  Pence,  Clarence  B.  Schools,  Ernest  C.  Senior,  Chas.  Smiraldo,  James  R.  Simpson, 
Edward  M.  Stinson,  Jack  D.  Turley,  Michael  W.  Warchal,  William  T.  Weiss,  Robert  c! 
Van  Sickler. 


WILKINSBURG  HALF  CENTURY  OF  PROGRESS 


Only  surviving  charter  member  receiving  special  tribute 
for  his  50  years  membership  in  Carpenters  Local  430  of 
Wilkinsburg,  H.  R.  Cottrell,  President  of  Local  430,  present- 
ing John  H.  Angert  with  a  pen  and  pencil  set.  Front  row^ 
left  to  right,  L.  W.  Swartz,  Trustee;  J.  J.  Blotnick,  Con- 
ductor; D.  L.  Frampton,  Warden;  John  Angert,  only  charter 
member;  I.  W.  Larimer,  Business  Agent;  H.  R.  Cottrill,  Presi- 
dent; G.  F.  McDowell,  Vice-President  and  J.  Eynon,  Repre- 
sentative District  Council.  Rear  row— H.  Allison,  Trustee; 
N.  H.  Piper,  Financial  Secretary;  J.  Gierl,  Trustee;  E.  E. 
Robinson,   Recording   Secretary   and    W.   D.    Lose,    Treasurer. 


Recently  Local  Union  No. 
430,  Wilkinsburg,  Pa.,  cele- 
brated the  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  its  founding.  Away  back  in 
1900  the  carpenters  of  the  area 
decided  something  had  to  be 
done  to  alleviate  the  intoler- 
able conditions  which  existed. 
As  a  result.  Local  Union  No. 
430  was  organized.  Fifty  years 
later,  some  500  members, 
friends  and  guests  were  on 
hand  to  help  celebrate  the  un- 
ion's first  half  century  of  prog- 
ress. One  surviving  charter 
member.  Brother  John  Angert, 
was  on  hand  to  link  the  past 
with  the  present.  William  J. 
Kelly,  District  Manager  of  tlie 
Carpenters,  was  principle 
speaker.  He  recalled  the  many 
struggles  of  Local  Union  430 
and  praised  the  officers  for  tlieir 
unswerving  loyalty  to  tlie  wel- 
fare of  all  members. 


Brother  Kelly  has  been  a  member  of  the  Carpenters'  Union  since  1899.  Earl  C.  Bohr, 
secretary-treasurer  of  the  Pennsylvania  Federation  of  Labor  urged  political  action  if  organ- 
ized labor  hopes  to  continue  considering  the  anti-  labor  laws  now  in  tlie  books.  He  said: 
"We  cannot  hope  to  survive  unless  we  are  politically  strong."  He  expressed  the  hope  tliat 
the  next  50  years  in  labor's  progress  would  be  easier. 

In  addition  to  the  officers  of  Local  430  at  tlie  head  table,  tliere  were:  Hugh  Mullin, 
auditor  of  the  Pennsylvania  Federation  of  Labor,  Matt  Dardis,  president,  Pittsburgh 
District  Council;  Rev.  Charles  Owen;  Councilman  A.  Wolk;  Hunter  P.  Wharton,  secre- 
tary  of    Building    Trades    Council;    Charles    Slinker,    International    Representative    of    tlie 

.Carpenters;  Angus  McKay,  president  of  Carpenters   165;  and  Carl  T.  Westland,  secretar\' 

.Carpenters  District. 

i  ...  Master  of  ceremonies  was  I.  W.  Larimer,  business  agent  for  Local  430.    The  invocation 

was  given  by  tlie  Rev.  George  A.  Parkins. 

I        Committee  in  charge  were:  Brothers  Lose,  Larimer,  McDowell,  Cottrill,  Pipir,  Robinson, 

I'Blotnick,  Frampton,  Allison,  Swartz,  Geirl,  Anderson,  Spisak,  Hellnian  and  McKelvey. 

j       The  dinner  was  followed  by  a  floor  show  and  dancing. 


.36 


THE    CARPENTER 


LONG  BEACH  SHIPWRIGHTS  HONOR  FOUR  OLD  TIMERS 

On  the  night  of  August  11th,  Local  Union  No.  1335,  Long  Beach,  Cal.,  paid  special 
tribute  to  four  old-time  members  whose  total  membership  in  the  United  Brotherhood 
exceeds  160  years.  The  four  so  honored  were:  Sam  Browning,  Oscar  Fields,  S.  T.  Dodge, 
and  William  Whitham.  In  appropriate  ceremonies,  the  four  old  timers  were  awarded 
Brotherhood  buttons  setting  forth  the  years  of  their  loyalty  and  devotion  to  Local  Union 
No.  1335  and  the  United  Brotlifrhood.  President,  A.  A.  McAdam  made  the  awards. 


Pictured  above  are  the  four  long-time  members  of  Local  Union  No    Li.J.")  who  were 
singled  out  for  special  honors.    From  left  to  right,  they  are:    Sam  Browning,  who  has  thirty] 
years  membership  to  his  credit;   Oscar  Fields,  forty  years;   S.  T.  Dodge,  fifty  years;  and 
William   Whitham,  forty   years.     With   their  hands   firmly   planted   on   the   "helm"   of  the] 
organization,  the  pose  is  symbolic  of  the  great  contribution  they  have  made  to  the  progress 
of  their  union. 

Brother  Browning  was  one  of  the  sturdy,  farsighted,  unselfish  pioneer  group  who  saw 
the  need  of  a  union  for  the  men  in  the  boatyards  in  the  San  Pedro- Wilmington-Long 
Beach  harbor  district,  and  who  was  actively  and  directly  responsible— as  much  as  any  one 
man— in  organizing  Local  1335. 

S.  T.  Dodge  first  joined  the  Carpenters  in  Sewickley,  Pa.,  in  March,  1900,  and  has 
been  a  member  of  1335  since  March,  1942  when  he  started  for  Consolidated  Steel  Ship- 
3'ards  in  the  Joiner  Shop. 


THE    CARPENTER 


37 


Oscar  Fields  Joined  the  Brotherhood  in  April,  1903,  and  cleared  into  Local  1335  from 
Local  1323,  when  he  started  with  Consolidated  Steel.  By  coincidence,  Brother  Fields' 
past  included  a  stretch  as  a  member  of  another  Local  1335— that  being  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

William  Whitham,  a  member  of  the  Carpenters  since  September,  1909,  like  Dodge 
and  Fields,  was  employed  by  Consolidated  in  the  Joiner  Shop  during  years  of  war  ship- 
building, and  after  that,  like  Fields,  went  into  maintenance  and  repair  work  for  the  Bank 
of  America. 


GREENWICH  LOCAL   HELPS   WORTHY   CAUSE 

Early  in  1950  the  Girl  Scouts  of  Greenwich,  Conn.,  were  given  ten  acres  of  beautiful 
wooded  land  in  their  community  for  use   of  their  troops.    In  order  to   get  the  most  ad- 
vantage   from    tlie    acreage,    it    was    decided 
that   an   eflFort   would   be   made   to   construct 
a  cabin  on  the  property. 

When  the  Girl  Scout  Committee  wrote  to 
Mr.    Albert    M.    Green,    Business    Agent    of 
Local    No.    196    requesting    his    cooperation, 
they  received  this  reply:   "The   carpenters   of 
Greenwich   are  keenly  interested  in  tlie  wel- 
fare   of    our   children   toward   bringing    them 
up  to  be   good  Americans;   and  I  can  assure 
you   that  when   you   are   ready   to   build  this 
camp,     the    members     of    Carpenters     Local 
Union  No.   196  will  give  free  help  and  labor 
toward  constructing  it.    Please  do  not  hesitate 
to  call  on  us  when  you  are  ready  to  build". 
Since   that   day   the   Town   of   Greenwich 
has  seen  a  remarkable  demonstration  of  pub- 
lic spiritedness  in  the  work  done  by  the  men 
of   the    local.        Starting   early   in   April    and 
working    on   their   free    Saturdays    and    often 
in   the    evening   by   flood    light,    men   of   the 
brotherhood    built    a    20x30    shingled    cabin 
for  the  Girl  Scouts  of  the  town. 
On  tlie  first   day  21   men  showed   up   and   by  nightfall   had   completely   enclosed   the 
structure.     Thereafter   bad   weather   and   the  necessity   of   waiting   for   the    completion   of 
masonry  work  delayed  construction  for  several  weeks,   but   once   weather  permitted,   the 
carpenters  came  out  again  and  soon  made  short  shrift  of  what  was  left  to  be  done. 

The  willingness  of  tliese  men  to  work  on  their  holidays  and  even  until  midnight  after 
their  regular  working  day,  made  a  profound  impression  upon  local  business  men,  residents, 
and  Girl  Scout  officials.  Thanks  to  their  cooperation,  the  project  was  completed  for 
dedication  on  June  17th  and  ready  for  use  of  the  Girl  Scouts  at  the  beginning  of  their 
>ummer  vacation  period. 

The  entire  community  was  lavish  in  their  praise  of  the  Brotherhood.  The  local  newspaper, 
Greenwich  Time,  gave  tliem  several  front-page  stories  and  much  favorable  publicity. 

Vincent  F.  Ostrom,  Vice-President, 
Putnam  Trust  Co.,  of  Greenwich. 


I  Left  to  right:  Front  row — Stanley  Sarafin; 
Trygve  Christopherson;  James  Miller;  Mike 
Castigleone;  Vincent  F.  Ostrom,  Chairman, 
jirl  Scouts  Men's  Committee;  Mrs.  John  Shep- 
lard.  Camp  Chairman,  Girl  Scouts ;  Robert 
?ringle.  Treasurer  Local  No.  196;  Mrs.  Greene, 
President,  Girl  Scouts  of  Greenwich.  Back  row 
—Walter  Christopherson;  Chris  Christopher- 
son;  Leo  Clark;  William  Holly;  Robert  Catto; 
tVilliam  Havens;  Chris  Fallon;  William  F.  No- 
rak;  Joseph  Pankosky,  President  Local  No. 
196;    Mr.   Lynde   Selden;    and   Joseph   Kural. 


PATERSON  HONORS  GRAND  OLD  MEMBER 

Recently  Local  Union  No.  325,  Paterson,  N.  J.  paid  homage  to  a  grand  old  member 
whose  membership  in  the  union  dates  back  to  the  turn  of  the  century.  Through  good 
times  and  bad,  through  prosperity  and  depression.  William  McBride  stuck  by  his  union 
md  remained  loyal  to  its  principles  for  over  half  a  century.  Upon  the  occasion  of  his 
'completion  of  fifty  years  membership  in  the  union,  the  officers  and  members  of  Local  No. 
325  presented  him  with  a  gift-donation  as  well  as  a  resolution  of  commendation  and  re- 
i5pect  bearing  tlie  signatures  of  all  who  attended  the  event. 

I  With  the  gift  and  laudatory  resolution  went  the  best  wishes  of  all  the  officers  and 
members  of  the  union.  Down  the  years  Brother  McBride  earned  honor  and  respect  of 
the  thousands  of  people  he  came  in  contact  with  through  his  sincerity  and  loyalty.  All 
wish  him  many  more  years  of  health  and  happiness. 


PINE  BLUFF  LADIES  ELECT  OFFICERS 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  551,  Pine  BluflF,  Arkansas,  sends  greetings  to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries. 

On  April  29th,  several  distinguished  guests  and  200  members  and  their  families 
gathered  at  the  Labor  Temple  to  help  Carpenters'  Local  576  celebrate  its  half-century 
anniversary.  It  was  indeed  a  gala  aflFair.  The  meeting  got  under  w^ay  at  4:30  and  at  7:30, 
the  Ladies  served  a  bountiful  supper  to  all. 

Our  Auxiliary  elected  officers  for  the  ensuing  year  as  follows:  President,  Mrs.  Irene 
Morgan;  Vice-President,  Mrs.  Havis  Brewer;  Recording  Secretary,  Mrs.  G.  T.  Anderson; 
Financial  Secretary  and  Treasurer,  Mrs.  Mae  Simpson;  Trustees,  Mrs.  Fannie  Culpepper, 
Mrs.  Pearl  Morgan  and  Mrs.  John  Verdue;  Conductress,  Mrs.  Paul  Earles;  Warden,  Mrs. 
Ed  Ezell;  Publicity  Chairman,  Mrs.  Corine  Cannon. 

We  would  be  pleased  to  hear  from  the  other  Auxiliaries  at  any  time. 

Fraternally, 
Mrs.  G.  T.  Anderson,  Recording  Secretary. 


COUNCIL  BLUFFS  CELEBRATES  ELEVENTH  BIRTHDAY 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  our  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  316  of  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 

We  meet  on  the  second  Friday  of  each  month  at  the  Labor  Temple.  After  each 
meeting,  we  serve  a  lunch  to  which  the  men  are  invited. 

During  the  summer  months,  we  have  picnics  for  our  families. 

Each  year,  we  cooperate  with  the  men  in  staging  a  Christmas  party  for  the  children. 
This  party  with  an  exchange  of  gifts  is  happily  looked  forward  to  every  year. 

We  held  our  eleventh  anniversary  party  by  having  a  buJffet  dinner  at  a  local  hotel 
and  having  our  husbands  as  guests. 

We  have  had  the  following  fund-raising  projects:  a  bake  sale,  bazaar,  rummage  sale, 
card  parties  and  a  sale  of  dish  cloths.  Two  demonstrator  companies  also  helped  to 
swell  our  funds  by  giving  a  brush  demonstration,  proceeds  of  which  were  added  to  our 
silverware  collection  fund. 

Fraternally, 

Pearl  E.  Dillehay,  Recording  Secretary. 


SACRAMENTO  AUXILIARY  IS  ACTIVE   GROUP 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  240  of  Sacramento,  Calif.,  sends  friendly  greetings  to  all  Sister 
Auxiliaries. 

Our  Auxiliary  had  a  potluck  supper  in  the  cool  garden  of  Brother  and  Sister  Cas 
Montieth.  Twenty-eight  were  present.  The  surprise  of  the  evening  came  when  Brother 
Pete  Yoho  appeared  in  person  direct  from  the  hospital.    He  was  greeted  by  all. 

President  Allie  Hart  presented  Sister  Lillian  Montieth  with  an  Auxiliary  pin  with 
love  and  best  wishes  from  the  Auxiliary. 

Ovir  meeting  of  July  21st,  which  was  well  attended,  was  to  greet  our  visiting  Sisters 
from  Roseville,  Auxiliary  338.  Following  the  business  meeting,  refreshments,  consisting 
of  cake  and  coffee,  were  served.    The  cake  was  a  gift  to  Roseville  from  our  Auxiliary. 

We  are  planning  a  card  party  after  the  Fair. 

Fraternally, 

Ida  Bryan,  Publicity  Agent 


THE    CARPENTER  39 

NEBRASKA  AUXILIARY  COUNCIL  GOING  STRONG 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries. 

The  Nebraska  State  Council  of  Auxiliaries  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters 
is  just  completing  its  first  year.  Two  preliminary  organizational  meetings  were  held  in 
April  and  July  of  last  year  and  application  was  made  for  a  charter.  This  was  presented 
to  us  at  North  Platte,  September  11,  1949,  by  Brother  R.  E.  Roberts,  General  Executive 
Board  Member.  Affiliation  with  the  Nebraska  State  Federation  of  Labor  was  completed  the 
following  day  and  our  delegate  was  seated  at  the  convention,  then  in  session. 

This  Auxiliary  was  established  to  work  in  co-ordination  with  the  State  Council  of 
Carpenters  and  assist  them  in  elevating  the  conditions  of  the  men  of  the  trade.  It  creates 
close  hannony  between  the  various  Carpenters'  Auxiliaries  throughout  the  state,  all  of  which 
are  eligible  to  join.  Members  of  the  Executive  Board,  which  meets  quarterly,  bring  re- 
ports of  the  activities  of  their  respective  locals,  and  through  the  exchange  of  ideas,  many 
worthwhile  and  interesting  projects  gain  momentum.  In  the  short  time  since  its  inception, 
the  council  has  helped  immeasurably  to  create  good  will  and  found  enduring  friendships 
of  Carpenters'  families  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  Nebraska.  During  the  past 
year,  meetings  have  been  held  in  North  Platte,  Lincoln,  Beatrice  and  Scottsbluff. 

Officers  of  the  Council  are:  President,  Eleanor  Jensen,  Fremont,  Local  498;  Vice- 
President,  Eleanor  Rowe,  Kearney,  Local  426;  Secretary-Treasurer,  Helen  Daberkow, 
Omaha,  Local  250,  Conductress,  Pearl  Hurd,  Lincoln,  Local  399;  and  three  trustees,  Doro- 
thea Dragoo,  Scottsbluff,  Local  518;  Anna  Timmer,  North  Platte,  Local  550;  and  Alice 
Nydegger,  Beatrice,  Local  531.  These  delegates  represent  a  coinbined  membership  of  306 
women  engaged  in  Carpenters'  Auxiliary  work. 

Fraternally, 

Eleanor  K.  Jensen,  Pres. 


ROYAL  OAK  AUXILIARY  MAKES  BIG  PLANS 

The  Editor: 

Hello  everybody  from  Auxiliary  No.  195  of  Royal  Oak,  Michigan. 

We  are  very  proud  to  join  our  Sisters  in  boosting  all  of  the  Auxiliaries.  We  have  had 
a  slow  start  but  we  are  on  the  right  track  now  and  have  big  plans  for  fall  and  winter. 
We  had  a  nice  potluck  dinner  on  our  10th  birthday.  We  also  assisted  at  the  banquet  for 
the  25th  birthday  of  Local  998. 

Recently,  our  officers  were  installed.  Mrs.  George  Penny  took  office  for  her  second 
term  as  President.  Installed  as  Vice-President  was  Mrs.  Lloyd  Thompson;  Mrs.  Clarence 
Lumnay,  Secretary;  Mrs.  Walter  Porter,  Treasurer;  and  Mrs.  Grady  Pinner,  Conductress. 
Others  installed  were  Mrs.  Charles  Fortune,  Warden;  Mrs.  Chester  Jacobs,  Mrs.  Cecil 
McKay  and  Mrs.  Fred  Baker,  Trustees. 

Following  the  installation,  a  luncheon  was  served  from  a  lace-covered  table  which 
was  beautifully  decorated  with  garden  flowers. 

The  best  of  luck  to  all  our  Sister  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally, 

Corienne  Thompson,  Social  Editor 
• 

NORMAN  LADIES  SPONSOR  GREAT  PARTY 

The  Editor: 

On  Tuesday  night,  July  18th,  Carpenters'  Local  1060  and  Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  561 
of  Norman,  Oklahoma,  entertained  their  families  and  friends  at  a  picnic  held  in  City  Park. 

This  year's  picnic  started  out  to  be  just  a  family  affair  for  the  Carpenters'  organiza- 
tion with  the  Auxiliary  to  be  in  charge— the  men  folk  took  over  when  some  of  tlie  group 
suggested  it  would  be  a  good  opportunity  to  invite  the  families  and  friends  of  botli 
organizations  to  share  a  good  time  with  them,  and  interest  them  in  joining  the  Auxiliary, 
which  is  new,  having  been  organized  December  5,  1949.  About  200  or  more  attended 
and  it  was  the  kind  of  an  occasion  we  hope  to  make  an  annual  affair. 

W.  G.   Davis,   Recording   Secretary   of  Local    1060,   introduced   the   Secretary  of  tlie 
State  Council  of   Carpenters,   Frank   Hanks,   who   gave   us   a  short   talk,   after  which  tlie 
officers  of  the  Local  were  introduced. 

Officers  of  the  Auxiliary  were  next  introduced  and  they  were  Mrs.  J.  H.  Snyder, 
President;  Mrs.  Roy  Woods,  Vice-President;  Mrs.  L.  L.  Miller,  Financial  Secretary  and 
Treasurer;  Mrs.  Lloyd  Hoffard,  Recording  Secretary-;   Mrs.  J.  O.  Huffman,  Mrs.  Tom  W. 


40  THE    CARPENTER 

Wilson,    Mrs.   W.   E.   Pray,   Trustees;    Mrs.    G.   A.    Bethel,   Conductor,    Mrs.    Bertha    Mae 
Bartlett,  Warden. 

Dr.   Franklin  gave   the   invocation   after  which   a  delicious   supper  was   served. 

Special  guests  were  officers   of  the   State   Council   of  Carpenters. 

A  barber  shop  quartet  furnished  the  musical  entertainment  for  the  evening.    A   good 
time  was  had  by  all. 

Fraternally,  Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  561. 


AUSTIN  LADIES  HOLD  ANNIVERSARY  DINNER 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  Sister  Auxiliaries  from  Auxiliary  No.  511  of  Austin,  Texas. 

We  would  like  to  tell  you  about  the  anniversary  dinner,  held  on  August  5,  1950,  by 
Carpenters'  Local  1266  and  our  Auxiliary,  in  celebration  of  the  first  birthday  of  our 
Carpenters'  Hall. 

We  served  barbecue,  potato  salad,  beans,  cake,  coflFee,  and  the  trimmings.  Several 
Carpenter  members,  who  are  great  hands  at  barbecuing,  prepared  the  meat,  and  I  might 
add,  it  was  delicious.  The  Auxiliary  members  prepared  tlie  rest  of  the  menu.  Ap- 
proximately 600  Carpenters  and  their  families  were  served.  The  dinner  was  followed  by 
a  dance  in  the  Hall.  Everyone  enjoyed  himself  and  we  considered  the  evening  a  huge 
success. 

In  June,  our  Auxiliary  elected  officers  for  the  ensuing  year.  Mrs.  Chester  Smith  was 
re-elected  President  by  acclamation.  She  has  done  a  splendid  job  and  we  are  proud  of  her. 
Our  Recording  Secretary  is  Mrs.  Clifton  Smith,  and  our  Financial  Secretary  is  Mrs. 
Joe   Saunders  who  was   also  re-elected  by  acclamation. 

Our  past  year  was  a  very  good  and  successful  one,  and  we  are  looking  forward  to 
an  even  better  one  this  year. 

We  would  like  to  hear  from  our  Sister  Auxiliaries,  and  would  welcome  a  letter 
any  time. 

Fraternally,       Alma  Lee  Griffin,  Reporter 


HAYWARD  GROUP  HOPES  TO  GROW 

The  Editor: 

Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  465,  Hayward,  Calif.,  wishes  to  send  Greetings  to  all  Sister 
Auxiliaries. 

Our  Auxiliary  was  organized  January  8,  1947— our  membership  is  not  so  large  as  we 
would  like  it  to  be  but  we  are  an  active  group. 

To  raise  money  for  our  altruistic  work,  we  have  had  dinners,  rummage  sales,  cake 
sales,  raffles,  etc.  We  give  bingo  parties  at  a  Veterans'  T.  B.  Hospital  (the  Brothers  have 
helped  us  at  these).  We  have  donated  money  to  our  "Sunrise  School",  a  school  for  para- 
lyzed children. 

We  joined  the  California  State  Council  in  1948  and  have  found  it  to  be  very  bene- 
ficial. Our  charter  member,  Bertie  Carter,  is  this  year's  representative  for  the  North 
District. 

At  Christmas,  we  have  a  party  and  exchange  gifts  by  drawing  numbers.  We  also 
help  the  Brothers  put  on  their  Christmas  party.  The  last  two  years,  tliey  have  rented  one 
of  the  local  theaters  and  have  given  the  children  matinees,  and  the  Auxiliary  members 
have  been  on  hand  to  chaperone  and  hand  out  the  candy  bags  and  fruit. 

We  meet  at  the  A.  F.  of  L.  Labor  Temple,  Soto  and  B  Streets,  the  second  and  fourth 
Wednesday  evenings,  the  Brothers  giving  us  the  use  of  their  hall  rent-free.  At  tliese  meet- 
ings, we  have  light  refreshments  as  we  feel  that  this  makes  for  better  companionship. 

We  also  have  a  full  quota  of  officers,  figuring  that  the  more  we  have  to  hold  office,  the 
better  attendance  we'll  have.  The  1950-'51  officers  are  headed  by  Lottie  Green  as 
President;  Mary  Macky,  Vice-President;  Oluffa  Hoyer,  Recording  Secretary;  Agnes  Brook- 
shire,  Financial  Secretary;  Freta  Toensing,  Treasurer;  Florence  Lane,  Conductress; 
Bemice  Ongman,  Emma  Edwards  and  Marie  Twist,  Trustees;  Chapmanie  Twist,  Warden; 
Uno  Kelso,  Pianist;  Marian  Redding,  Past  President  and  Oluffa  Hoyer,  Press  Correspondent. 

We  showed  the  two  films  "This  is  your  Brotherhood"  and  "Carpenters'  Home"  last 
month,  and  found  them  very  interesting. 

We  would  like  to  hear  from  other  AuxiHaries. 

Fraternally,         Oluffa  Hoyer,  Recording  Secretary 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 
LESSON  265 

Hoods  for  Hayforks.— Hay  bams  often 
have  hayfork  tracks  installed  directly  under 
tlie  comb  of  tlie  roof.  These  tracks  extend 
beyond  tlie  main  roof  on  the  ends  that  re- 
ceive tlie  hay.  The  hayfork  hood  is  added 
to  the  barn  roof  to  shelter  this  extension 
of  track.  The  framing  of  such  hoods  is  the 
subject   of  tliis   lesson. 


Fig.   1 

Skeleton  of  Hayfork  Hood.— After  study- 
ing Fig.  1,  turn  to  Fig.  2,  where  is  shown 
a  diagram  of  the  same  hood.  Locate  points 
A,  D,  B,  C  of  Fig.  2  on  Fig.  1.  Now  carry 
point  D  to  K,  as  shown  by  dotted  line,  and 
tlien  on  to  1.  Also  carry  point  B  to  j  and 
to  i.  The  triangle  A,  D,  B  in  Fig.  2  gives 
tlie  end  view  of  the  hood,  while  k,  1,  i,  to 
tlie  right,  gives  tlie  side  view.  The  line  1,  i, 
m,   represents    tlie    last   rafter    of   the   main 


,  Fig.  2 

roof.  Now  to  develop  tlie  diagram,  set  tlie 
compass  at  point  B  and  with  it  strike  the 
dotted  part-circle  from  D  to  F.  From  F 
strike  the  dotted  line  through  g  and  on  to  h. 
This  done,  set  the  compass  at  i  and  carry 


point  h  to  j,  as  shown  by  the  quarter  circle. 
Carry  C  to  the  right  to  m,  and  join  k  with 
m,  as  shown  by  dotted  line;  also  join  g  with 
i.  To  get  the  edge  bevel  of  the  hood  rafters, 
use  the  triangle  i-g-h.  The  rafter  length 
will  give  the  bevel.  (In  this  case  the  tangent 
and  the  rafter  length  are  the  same  in  length, 
so    either   will   give   the   bevel,    but   that   is 


Fig.   3 


not  always  true.)  To  get  the  side  bevel  of 
tlie  rafters  where  they  join  the  ridge  board, 
use  the  triangle  m-k-I.  The  rafter  length 
will  give  the  bevel.  Study  Figs.  1  and  2 
in  connection  with  the  explanations. 

Skeleton  Hood.— Fig.  3  shows  the  same 
skeleton  hood  framed  a  little  differently. 
To  the  left  is  a  front  view  and  to  the  right 
a  side  view,  showing  the  spacing  and  tlie 
reinforcing    block.     The    dotted    lines    give 


Hood  ffofter. 


Plan  o/  Hood 


Fig.  4 


the  relationship  of  tlie  two  drawings.  These 
drawings  should  be  studied  in  connection 
with  the  diagrams  shown  by  Fig.  4,  where 
tlie  diagram  to  tlie  left  represents  a  plan  of 
tlie  hood  joined  to  tlie  main  roof.  What  the 
different  lines  represent  is  given  in  the  dia- 
gram. To  get  tlie  right  conception  of  tlie 
triangle,   a-b-c,   in   mind,   you   will   have   to 


42 


THE    CARPENTER 


imagine  that  line  a-c,  called  "run",  is  on  a 
level  with  the  ridge,  and  that  point  b,  when 
the  rafter  is  in  position  will  be  directly 
under  point  c,  as  now  shown  on  the  draw- 
ing. In  other  words,  imagine  that  the  run 
is  hinged  on  a  level  with  the  ridge  board 
and  in  the  position  now  shown.  Then  when 
point   b    swings   down,    it   will    be    directly 


under  point  c.  This  being  true,  what  is  now 
called  "rise"  would  in  reality  be  fall.  This 
should  be  remembered  to  keep  tlie  proper 
setting  of  the  diagram.  The  shaded  bevel 
gives  the  bevel  for  the  side  of  tlie  rafter, 
botli  where  it  joins  the  rafter  and  where  it 
joins  the  ridgeboard.  To  get  tlie  points  for 
tlie  edge  bevel,  set  the  compass  at  point  a 
and  transfer  the  rafter  length,  a-b,  to  a-d. 
Then  draw  in  the  other  lines  as  shown.  Now 
the  rafter  length  \vill  give  the  edge  bevel 
where  -the  rafter  joins  the  ridgeboard,  and 
the  tangent  will  give  the  bevel  where  it 
joins  the  rafter  of  the  main  roof.  Since  the 
main  hood  rafters  are  set  in  a  plumb  posi- 
tion, so  far  as  the  sides  are  concerned,  they 
are  framed  exactly  like  a  valley  rafter. 

Bevel  for  Backing.— The  diagram  shown 
to  the^  right  in  Fig.  4,  illustrates  how  to  get 
the  bevel  for  backing,  in  case  the  rafters 
are  backed.    The  triangle  a-b-c,  is  the  same 


Fig.  6 


as  tlie  one  shown  in  the  left  diagram.  At 
any  convenient  point  draw  line  e-d  at  a 
right  angle  to  the  rafter  line,  a-b.  With  a 
compass  set  at  d,  transfer  d-e,  as  shown,  by 


tlie  dotted  part-circle,  to  d-g.  At  a  right 
angle  to  a-c,  draw  line  d-f.  Now  join  f 
with  g,  as  shown  by  dotted  line.  The  bevel 
at  g  is  the  bevel  for  the  backing. 

Practical    Method   for  Framing   Hoods.— 

Fig.  5,  to  the  left,  is  a  diagram  of  the 
drawing  shown  to  the  left  in  Fig.  1.  The 
diagram  to  the  right  gives  the  side  of  the 
hood,  looking  straight  at  it,  which  makes  it 
different  from  what  is  shown  to  the  right 
in  Fig.  1.  In  this  case  the  distance  1-2  is 
transferred  with  a  compass  to  1-3.  Point  3 
is  tlien  carried  to  the  right,  establishing 
point  4.  Distance  c  is  made  equal  to  dis- 
tance d  and  then  line  b  is  drawn  in.  With 
these  two  simple  diagrams  you  can  obtain 
the  cuts  for  the  hood  rafters.  The  side  bevel 
where  the  rafters  join  the  ridge  is  gotten 
by  taking  distance  a  on  one  arm  of  the 
square,  and  distance  b  on  the  otlier.  Dis- 
tance b  gives  the  bevel.  The  side  cut  where 
the  rafter  joins  the  main  roof  is  square 
across.  To  get  the  edge  bevel,  take  distance 
c  on  one  ann  of  the  square,  and  distance  d 


Fig.  7 


on  tlie  otlier.  In  this  case  the  distances  are 
the  same,  making  a  true  miter  cut.  In  cases 
where  tlie  two  distances  are  different,  the 
former  gives  the  edge  bevel  where  the  raf- 
ter r  joins  the  ridge  and  tlie  latter  gives  the 
bevel  where  it  joins  the  rafter  of  the  main 
roof.  The  explanation  just  given,  covering 
Fig.  5,  will  apply  to  Fig.  6,  which  shows  a 
much  lower  pitch.  The  same  practical  meth- 
od will  apply  to  all  other  pitches,  for  the 
principle  is  tlie  same. 

Hood  Cut  for  Steep  Roof.-Fig,  7,  to  tlie 
left,  is  a  diagram  of  a  hood  on  a  much 
steeper  roof.  The  triangle,  a-b-c  shows  a 
side  of  the  hood  turned  up  as  if  it  were 
hinged  on  line  a-c.  Line  c-b  joins  the  ridge, 
while  b-a  gives  the  length  of  the  rafter.  For 
convenience,  this  triangle  has  been  trans- 
posed in  such  a  manner  that  c-d  represents 
the  rafter  length,  just  as  a-b  does.  Now  tlien, 
set  the  compass  at  point  c  and  transfer  the 
the  rafter  lengtli,  c-d  to  c-e.    Then  the  raf- 


THE    CARPENTER 


43 


ter  length  taken  on  one  arm  of  the  square 
md  the  tangent  on  the  other  will  give  the 
side  bevel  where  the  rafter  joins  the  ridge. 
Mark  on  the  rafter  length.  The  shaded 
Devel  shown  at  e  is  the  bevel.  The  diagram 
:o  the  right  shows  tlie  side  of  the  hood, 
looking  straight  at  it,  as  explained  in  Fig.  5. 
Distance  2  is  made  equal  to  distance  3, 
.vhich  is  the  same  as  distance  c-a  in  the 
liagram  to  the  left.  Distance  2  and  distance 
3  taken  on  the  square  will  give  the  edge 
Devels  for  their  respective  positions.  In 
:his  case  the  two  edge  bevels  are  the  same, 
Decause  the  two  distances  are  the  same. 
When  the  distances  are  difiFerent,  the  re- 
ipective   bevels   will   also   be   different. 


Wants  to  Pass  It  On 
By  H.  H.  Siegele 

Spacing 
A  good  method  of  spacing  for  porch 
■oalusters,  lattice,  etc.,  is  shown  by  the  illus- 
.rations.  Fig.  1  shows  the  layout.  The  dis- 
:ance  between  the  porch  posts  is  122y2 
nches.  To  this  must  be  added  the  tliickness 
-)i  the  balusters,  or  IVz  inches.   This  is  neces- 


.;ary  because  tlie  spacing,  technically,  begins 
md  ends  one-half  the  thickness  of  the  bal- 
isters  back  of  the  surface  of  the  posts.  The 
jalusters  are  T/a  by  1^2  inches,  which  are 
:  paced  4  inches  on  center.  By  dividing  124 
'Dy  4,  we  get  31,  or  one  more  than  the  mmi- 


.  PRACTICAL  SPACING  I 


C.  TO  C  SPrtC/NG' 


Fig.  2 

,)er  of  balusters  needed.  In  this  case  figures 
vere  taken  that  will  come  out  just  right,  in 
)rder  to  simplify  the  problem.  In  practice 
he  figures  seldom  come  out  just  even.  Now 
ake  a  light  board  with  a  straight  edge,  and 


step  off  31  spaces,  with  the  compass  set  at 
a  little  more  than  4  inches,  say,  4  1/32 
inches,  as  shown  on  the  drawing.  Fasten 
the  board  to  the  posts,  bringing  the  starting 
point  of  the  spacing  to  the  angle  between 
the  porch  rail  and  the  post  to  the  left.  (The 
porch  rail  is  shown  shaded,  placed  between 
the  bases  of  the  posts  for  marking.)  The 
right  end  of  the  board  is  to  be  fastened  in 
such  a  way  that  the  last  spacing  mark  will 
be  just  the  thickness  of  a  baluster,  or  IV2 
inches,  past  the  corner  of  tlie  post,  as  indi- 


.PracticalSpacim&i 

— *Jr* — 4 >t* — 4-- 


•f'l/!/////////////^!/// 

^     ,  Post 


C.Toc  Spacing 


'U 


''/////■yy/^/y///M'r//. 


Fig.  3 


cated  on  the  drawdng.  This  done,  with  the 
square  drop  the  spaces  on  the  board  to  the 
porch  rail,  and  mark  it.  This  will  give  you 
tlie  practical  spacing  shown  in  Fig.  2.  This 
spacing  is  as  accurate  as  the  center  to  center 
(C.  to  C.)  spacing,  and  more  convenient. 
The  center  to  center  spacing  must  be  started 
one-half  the  tliickness  of  the  balusters  back 
of  the  surface  of  the  post.  This  is  necessary 
because  the  post  takes  the  place  of  a  balus- 
ter, as  shown  by  tlie  dotted  lines  at  X. 

Fig.  3  shows  a  plan  of  the  post  to  tlie 
right.  Here  is  shown  how  the  practical 
spacing  ends  at  the  right  of  tlie  blind  bal- 
uster, marked  X  and  shown  by  dotted  Hues. 
The  center  to  center  spacing  is  also  shown, 
which  ends  at  the  center  of  the  false  balus- 
ter. Study  the  three  drawings,  and  remem- 
ber that  there  is  always  something  to  be 
read  between  the  lines. 


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44 


THE    CARPENTER 


Wants  to  Know 

A  brother  wants  to  know  how  to  make  a 
"huting  miter,"  or  how  to  join  a  straight 
molding  to  a  curved  molding. 

To  get  the  cut  for  fitting  a  straight  mold- 
ing to  a  curved  molding  of  the  same  design, 
make  a  drawing  on  the  order   of  the  one 


shown  by  Fig.  1,  with  a  cross  section  of  the 
molding.  Divide  the  width  of  the  molding 
into  convenient  spaces  (they  need  not  be 
equal)  as  indicated  by  the  lines  1,  2,  3,  4, 
etc.  Now  set  the  compass  at  point  X,  and 
with  a  radius  that  will  give  the  ouside  line 
of  the  curved  molding,  strike  the  curved  line 
that  is  numbered  1.  This  done,  transfer  the 
nmnbered  spaces  shown  to  the  left,  to  the 
upper  right,  as  indicated  by  numbers.  With 
the  compass  again  set  at  point  X,  draw  in 
the  other  curved  lines  from  the  diflFerent 
points,  or  2,  3,  4,  5,  etc.    Where  the  curved 


Fig.  2 


lines  meet  the  straight  lines,  draw  a  line, 
as  shown  in  Fig.  2,  crossing  points  a,  b,  c, 
d,  etc.  This,  you  will  find,  will  produce  a 
slightly  curved  line.  To  make  the  joint,  cut 
the  molding  straight,  as  indicated  by  the 
dotted  line.  Fig.  2,  between  points  a  and  h. 
Then  file  the  sHght  curve  onto  the  cuts  with 
a  rasp,  or  perhaps  a  block  plane  could  also 
be  used  in  making  the  joint  fit, 
• • 

A  reader  wants  to  know  how  to  describe 
an  elliptical  arch,  and  in  the  same  mail  came 
a  letter  from  another  reader,  who  wanted 
spaces,  as  shown.  In  this  case  tliere  are  13 
to  pass  along  the  method  he  uses  for  de- 
scribing such  an  arch. 


The  accompanying  illustration  shows  one- 
half  of  an  ellipse.  The  horizontal  center 
line  gives  the  half-way  line  of  this  ellipse. 
What  is  above  this  line  is  an  elliptical  arch, 
which  is  also  divided  into  two  parts  with  a 
perpendicular  center  line.  To  the  left  is 
shown  the  method  that  I  am  passing  on  to 
anyone  who  wants  it.  i 

To  describe  one-half  of  an  elliptical  arch,] 
first  draw  two  lines  at  a  right  angle,  making 
the  short  arm  of  this  right  angle,  as  long  as 
half  the  width  of  the  arch,  and  the  other  as 
long  as  the  height  of  the  arch.  Then  divide 
each  of  these  arms  into  the  same  number  of 
spaces  and  12  points  marking  the  divisions. 
The  division  points  shown  to  the  left  are 
numbered  1,  2,  3,  etc.,  from  the  bottom  up 
I  Fig.  1 

I  2  3  4  J  6  7  8  9  10  II  12. 


to  12.  In  the  same  way  the  division  points 
at  the  top  are  numbered  1,  2,  3,  etc.,  from 
left  to  right  on  to  point  12.  With  tlie  divi- 
sion points  so  marked,  draw  a  line  from  1 
to  1,  from  2  to  2,  from  3  to  3,  etc.,  up  to  12 
and  12.  The  curve  described  in  this  way 
gives  one-half  of  the  elliptical  arch  shownj 
by  the  illustration.  The  other  half  of  this' 
arch  is  a  reproduction  of  the  curve  shown 
to  the  left. 

The  number  of  spaces,  as  mentioned  be- 
fore, must  be  the  same  on  the  two  arms. 
Any  number  of  spaces  can  be  used,  but 
there   must  be   enough   to   insure   accuracy. 


EARN  BIG  PROFITS 

SHARPENING  AND  RETOOTHING  SAWS 


Gain      INDEPEND- 
ENCE   and    SECU- 
BITy  with   a   full  or 
part      time      SAW 
SHOP     BUSINESS 
OF      YOUR      OWN 
Burr's    precision    saw 
shop   machines   help   you   do 
1    better,    faster    job.    and    re 
quire   less   space,    less   lime   and^  lefiS 
effort     They    (live    a    lifetime    r' 
serrice     and     have     a     i     year 
guarantee        WRITE    FOR 
FREE     FOLDERS 
Valuable    Book.   Send  25c  in 
coin   for   Burr's   Blue 
Book    of    Coast    to 
Coast   saw   shop  char- 
ges   and    other    valu- 
able information. 


BURR  MFG.  CO., 


'INER 
IT  A 


FINISH  SANDING 
NEW  LOW  PRICE! 


NEW  MODEL  2000 


14,400 

SANDING    STROKES 

PER  MINUTE 

VERY   CARPENTER    NEEDS  

VERY  CARPENTER  CAN  AFFORD  THIS  TOOL! 

:ere  for  tlie  first  time  in  the  building  field, 
,  a  fast  cutting  finisli  sander  at  a  remarkably 
)w  price.  It's  sturdily  built  to  withstand  con- 
nuous  operation,  and  has  a  straight-line  recip- 
icating  action— leaves  no  cross-grain  or  rotary 
:ratches.  Weiglis  5  lbs.  No  bearing-down  .  .  . 
eight  of  sander  does  the  work.  Only  2  mov- 
ig  parts  .  .  .  never  needs  oiling.  Uses  110- 
20  V.  A.  C.  Dust-proof,  fool-proof,  fully 
.laranteed.  Size  3%"  x  4%"  x  7".  Paper  can 
be  changed  in  seconds.  Call  your  sup- 
plier or  write  for   details. 

DREMEL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 


2422    18th    Street 


Racine,    Wisconsin 


Ist^Measure    tread    or    riser    in    10    seconds 


ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE 

Saves  HALF  Your  Time 
I       Building  Staircases 

iln  10  seconds  you  get  iotli  correct 
lieugth  aud  angle  for  stair  treads,  risers, 
.c^loset  shelves,  ready  to  mark  board. 
^Each  end  auiomatiraUy  pivots  and  loclis 
It  exact  length  and  angle  needed  for 
perfect  fit.  Length  adjustable  from  20" 
ap.  Saves  a  day  or  more,  increases  your 
profits  $20  to  $30  on  each  staircase. 
Fully  guaranteed.    Circular  on  request. 

j|      Only  $12.95  cash  with  order, 
'  or  C.O.D.  plus  postage. 

•CLIASON    TOOL    CO.     Minneapolis     17,     Minn. 

Dealers  and  Agents  Wanted 
2nd — Mark   board   with   gauge   for  perfect   fit 


Vz  Lighter 
than  Aluminum 

UNBREAKABLE    FRAME 
OF    EXTRUDED    MAGNESIUM 

•  Profitable,    Fast   Selling,    Nationally    Advertised 

*  Available    in    10    sizes    from    12    to    72    inches 

•  Adjustable,   Replaceable  Vial   Units 

*  Beautifully   Designed,    Accurate,   Dependable 

J.    H.    SCHARF    MFG.    CO.,    Omaha,    Nebr. 


SAVE  TIME!  SAVEMONEY!  with 

TRIP-HAMMER 

Saw -Set 

FOOT  TREADLE  OPERATED 

•  LIGHT  WEIGHT 

•  TOOL  BOX  SIZE 

•  SETS  UP  EASILY 

•  MONEY  BACK  GUARANTEE 

Set  saws  faster.  NO  CRAMPED  HANDS. 
Every  tooth  set  uniformly.  Handles  5  to  12 
point  hand  saws,  3"  to  10"  circular  saws,  Two  man  cross 
cut   saws. 

Send  Check,    Money  Order  or  Postal   Note. 

ARDEE    TOOL    CO.        Roc°y  R^'er  Sta^t!on,  Ohio 


KEEP  THOSE   EDGES 
RAZOR  SHARP 

on    your    plane     blades     and    chisels 
WITH    THIS    NEW,    PROVEN,    CARPENTER'S 
ACCESSORY    THAT    ASSURES    A    STRAIGHT, 
SHARPENED    EDGE   ALWAYS    AT    A    RIGHT 
ANGLE   TO   THE   SIDES. 

Plane  Blade  and  Chisel  Sharpener 

by  Marsh 


1 


POSTPAID 

(plus  tax  in  Calif.) 

SMALL,  COMPACT,  READY  FOR  IMMEDI- 
ATE USE — WING  SCREW  IN  THE  HOLDING 
CLAMP   IS   THE  ONLY  ADJUSTMENT. 

•  Holds  blade  at  correct  angle  for  sharpen- 
ing •  A  few  strokes  back  aud  fortli  ou  stone 
keeps  the  edge  razor  sharp  •  No  guesswork 
•  No  round  corners  •<  14  Ga.  steel  construc- 
tion •  Weight  only  8  oz.  •  For  the  bench  or 
on  the  job  •  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  your 
money  refunded. 

BE  SHARP!  START  SHARP  ■  STAY  SHARP 

SEND  YOUR  CHECK  OR  MONEY  ORDER  TO: 
47    E.    WALNUT    ST.    PASADENA    1,    CALIF. 


NEW  MEASURING  EASE- 
FAMOUS  MEZURALL  AND 
WIZARD,  JR.  TAPE-RULES 
WITH  CHROME-CLAD 
BLADES! 


Easy  to 

Read  Markings 

That  Are  Durable 


CHECK  THESE 
OUTSTANDING  FEATURES 

1  — Exclusive  Lufkin  Chrome-Clad  satin  finish  blades. 
2 — Black  markings  razor-sharp  against  chrome  white 

background. 
3 — Rust  and  corrosion  resistant. 
4 — Will  not  crack,  chip,  or  peel. 
•5 — Self-adjusting    hook    permits    accurate    buH-end 

and  hook-over  measuring. 
6 — Replaceable  blades. 
7 — Smooth  manual  blade  operation. 
8 — Improved  heavily  plated  cases. 

ASK  FOR  THEM  BY  NAME  — ASK  FOR  A  MEZURALL 
OR  WIZARD,  JR.  CHROME-CLAD  TAPE-RULE 

^m  lUFKIN 

THE  LUFKIN  RULE  CO.  •  TAPES  •  RULES  •  PRECISION  TOOLS 
SAGINAW,  MICHIGAN   •    NEW  YORK  CITY   •    BARRIE,  ONTARIO 


It's     a     honey  —  this 
easy  -  handling   new  ^^^ 

American    Portable  '^*'"— ^  i-^Zjlj 

Electric  Saw!  Balanced  for  one-hand 
operation.  Cuts  fast  in  any  position  . . . 
for  wood,  stone,  tile,  sheet  metal,  com- 
positions. Big  power  G.E.  motor  develops 
2  Vs  H.P.  Big  capacity  blade  will  cut  a  2  Vs" 
plank  at  45°,  or  3"  straight  cut.  Blade 
speed  5300  R.P.M.  Wide  base  calibrated 
for  ripping.  Holds  accurate  depth  of  cut 
and  angle  adjustment.  Write  for  details 
and  FREE  demonstration. 

AMERICAN  Floor  Surfacing  Machine  Co. 
520  So.  St.  Clair  St.,  Toledo  3.  Ohio 


NOTICE 


The  publlBhers  of  "The  Carpenter"  reserve  the 
right  to  reject  all  advertising  matter  which  may 
be,  in  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America. 

All  Contracts  for  advertising  space  in  "The  Car- 
penter," Including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellable, are  only  accepted  srbject  to  the  above 
reserved   rights  of  the  publishers. 


Index  of  Advertisers 

Carpenters'  Tools  and   Accessories 

Page 

The     American     Floor    Surfacing 

Machine     Co.,     Toledo     Ohio 46 

Ardee      Tool     Co.,     Rocky     River 

Station,    Ohio     45 

Burr  Mfg.   Co.,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.        44 
Cedarberg   Mfg.   Co.,   Minneapolis, 

Minn.     48 

Dremel     Mfg.     Co.,    Racine,     Wis.        45 

Eliason     Tool     Co.,     Minneapolis, 

Minn.    45 

E-Z    Mark    Tools,    Los    Angeles, 

Cal. 47 

Florboss-Habit    Co.,    Chicago,    111.  1 

Foley    Mfg.    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn.    48 

The    Lufkin    Rule    Co.,    Saginaw, 

Mich.    46 

North    Bros.   Mfg.    Co.,   Philadel- 
phia,   Pa.    47 

J.  H.  Scharf  Mfg.  Co.,  Omaha, 

Nebr.     45 

Sportmans  Specialties,  Pasadena, 

Calif.     45 

Stanley    Tools,    New    Britain, 

Conn.      3rd  Cover 

Carpentry  Materials 
The   Upson    Co.,   Lockport,    N.   Y.  4 

Doors 

Overhead    Door    Corp.,    Hartford 

City,    Ind.    4th    Cover 

Technical  Covirses  and  Books 

American    Technical    Society, 

Chicago,    111. 47 

Audel    Publishers,    New    York, 

N.    Y.    3rd  Cover 

Chicago    Technical    College,    Chi- 
cago,   111.    3 

H.    H.   Siegele,    Emporia,    Kans 43 

Simmons-Boardman    Publishing 

Corp.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 5 

Tamblyn    System,    Denver.    Colo 48 

Wearing  Apparel 
Brownstein-Lewis     Co.,    Los    An- 
geles,   Calif.  6 
The  H.  D.  Lee  Co.,  Kansas  City, 

Mo.    3rd    Cover 


KEEP  THE  MONEY 
IN   THE    FAMILYl 

PATRONIZE 
ADVERTISERS 


PILOT  HOLES  in  a 

hurry  with  one  hand  W^ 

andd'TANKEE"  I 

Automatic  Push  Drill    i 


jive  yourself  an  extra  hand  for 
lolding  doors,  window  stop  mould- 
ng,  hardware  and  other  work.  A 
'Yankee"  Push  Drill  bores  holes 
"ast,  easy,  one-handed.  Spring  in 
landle  brings  it  back  after  every 
troke  and  puts  a  reverse  spin  in 
he  drill  point  to  clear  away  chips, 
mproved  chuck  prevents  drills 
jiUling  out.  Magazine  handle  holds 
I  drill  points,  }{^"  to  ^".  Built  for 
'ears  of  willing  work.  Your  Stanley 
lealer  carries  these  and  other 
'Yankee"  Tools. 

Write  for  "Yankee"  Tool  Book 


YANKEE"     TOOLS 
NOW    PART    O 


t^[  STAN  LEY] 


THE    TOOL    BOX 
OF   THE    WORLO 


NORTH  BROS.  MFG.  CO. 

Philadelphia  33,  Pa. 


"Yankee' 
No.  41 


.ti'ir-ni.U    7-;  aW  12th  Edition  for 
■.tr\i\    ^*4A\Yi  EXAMINATION 

SEND  NO  MONEY 

Learn  to  drtw  plans,  estimate,  ba  a  lire-wire  builder,  do 
remodeling,  take  contracting  Jobs.  These  9  practical,  pro- 
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BETTER  JOBS  --  BETTER  PAY  "p-^°-?1^S 

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Big  opportunities  are  always  for  MEN  the  most  up-to- 
UHO  KNOW  HOW.  These  books  sup-  date  and  complata 
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Coupon    Brings    Nine    Big    Books   For  Examination 

AMERICAN  TECHNICAL  SOCIETY  Publishers  since  1m1 

Dept.  G-736,  Drexel  at  58th  Street,  Chicago  37,  lil. 
You  may  ship  me  the  Up-to-Date  edition  of  your  nine 
big  books,  "Building,  Estimating,  and  Contracting"  with- 
out any  obligation  to  buy.  I  will  pay  the  delivery  charge! 
only,  and  if  fully  satisfied  !n  ten  days,  I  will  send  you 
$3.00,  and  after  that  only  $4.00  a  month,  until  the  total 
price  of  only  $34.80  Is  paid.  I  am  not  obligated  In  tJty 
way  unless  I  keep  the  books. 

Name      

Address      . „.__ 

City    State    

Attach  letter  stating  age,  occupation,  employer's  name  and 
address,  and  name  and  address  of  at  least  one  buslneii 
man   as   reference.     Men   In   service,    also   give   home   address. 


i^,-^"- 


. ^    HANG  THAT  DOOR 
THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


Makes  a  clean-cut,  deeply-etched  profile  on  door. 
Remove  chips.  Repeat  operation  on  Jamb.  Hang 
door!  Xo  adjustments.  No  fussing.  Precision  made. 
Drop-forged,  heat-treated  steel.  Comes  in  3".  3i" 
and   4"    (Std)    sizes. 

ONLY  $1.75  ea. — $3.50  a  pair 
(any  two) — $5.25  complete  set 
of  three.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
send  only  $1.00  -with  order  and 
pay  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  O.  D.  In  Canada,  .25c 
higher  per  order.  No  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    wanted. 

Comes  With         Conceded  by   carpenters   to  be  almost   indispensable, 
Leatherette  uase      ^g  hundreds  of  testimonials  in  file  show. 
("E-Z  Mark"  Trade  Mark  Reg.) 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 

"Really  a  help  for  the 
'old  hands'  and  almost 
a  'must'  for  the  new 
boys." 

S.    H.    Glover 
Cincinnati,   Ohio 

"The    greatest  help    in 

hanging  doors  I  have 
ever    seen." 

J.    Allen  Charles 

Mullins,  S.   C. 


.  E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  Dept.  C,  Los  Angeles  16,  Cal. 

IHBBBBB 

E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377,  Dept.  C. 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 


Clip    and     mail     handy     order     iorm     below. 


Gentlemen:     Please   send   the   following 
Check 

n         one  of  any  size   SI. 75 

□         two    of    any    size    $3.50 

n         complete    set    of    three    any    size    $5.25 

I    enclose    check    or    money    order  □ 

Send   C.   O.   D □ 


E-Z"   Mark   Butt  Gauges   as   cheeked   below: 

Size 


Name: . 

Address: City. 

State: 


.Zone 


^^«^>^  DANDEE  REEL^ 


OTHER 


Plumbers'  and  Tinners' 

Famaces... Circa  Torches 

...Fuma  Torches... Razor 

Blade  Scrapers 


FOR  ALL  BUILDING  TRADE! 

No.  41  Reel  and  Plumb  Bob.  Use  this  new  to 
for  a  plumb  line,  mason  line  or  chalk  line, 
has  a  spring  bracket  attached  for  the  plumb  b( 
when  it  is  not  in  use.  Anti-backlash,  easy 
add  chalk.  Niclde  plated  steel  case  and  chror 
plated  bob  contains  100  ft.  of  Xo.  18  yellc 
mason  line.   $2.50  postpaid. 

Xo.  44  Chalk  Line  Reel.    50 

ft.  of  line  is  always  chalked 
when  drawn  from  the  reel. 
Made  so  that  the  hne  cannot 
snarl  or  tangle  within  the 
case.  Chalk  lasts  a  year  of 
ordinary  use:  can  easily  be 
reordered  and  reloaded.  $1 
postpaid. 


No.  44 


I CEDARB 


CEDARBERG     MAN  U  FACTU  B 1 NG    CO.,    561    So.    4th    St.,     Minneapolis     15.     Minn. 

Enclosed   Sni   S for    the   iollc"iviiig    shipped   pospaid: 

~     Xo.    41   Reel    (100  Ft.)    @    S2.50         i~     Xo.    4i   Keel    loO  Ft.)    @    ?l.uO 

~     Xc.   43   Keel   (100  Ft.)    Similar  to  X'o.   44   g    $1.25 

Red,  White,  Blue  and  Dark  Blue  Chalk  in  ?.  oz.  Containers   @  15c.    Color: 

Print  Xame:   

Print   Address:   


Write     in     Margin     If     Necessary 


MACHINE    SAW    FILING  

PAYS  UP  TO  $2  or  S3  an 
hour.  With  a  Foley  Saw  Filer  you  can  file 
all  haad  saws,  also  band  and  cross-cut  cir- 
cular saws.  It  is  easy  to  operate — simple 
adjustments — no  eyestrain.  Start  AT  HOME 
in  basement  or  garage.  Patented  jointing 
principle  evens  up  all  irregular  teeth  and 
makes  an  old  saw  cut  just  like  new. 

Send  for  FREE  BOOK 

"Independence  After  40" 

Xo    canvassing    necessary — "I    ad- 
vertised   in    our    local    paper    and 
got  in  93  saws — I  only  work  spare 
time  at  present"  says  M. 
L.     Thompson.       Leo     H. 

Mix.     writes:      "1     made  

about      $900       in       sf^:- f^        ~ 
time     last     year."      Frr-   L-__^ 
Book    shows    how   you    car.  ff" 

start     in     spare     time     a: 
home    with    small    invest- 
ment.   Send    coupon    today     ^xrade  Mart 
-no    salesman    will    call.         Ree.  u 


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  own  busi- 
ness and  be  your  own  boss  the  "TamblyB 
System"  Home  Study  Course  in  Estimatisf 
will  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  carpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  you  Ccin  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
first  lesson  begins  with  excavations  and  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  yon 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidsLnce  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced  to  the  language  you  understand. 
You  ■will  never  find  a  more  opportune  time 
to  establish  yourself   in   business   than   now. 

Study  the  course  for  ten  days  absolutely 
free.  If  you  decide  you  don't  want  to  keep 
it,  just  return  it.  Otherwise  send  us  $8.75 
and  pay  the  balance  of  $40.00  at  $10.00  per 
month,  making  a  total  of  $48.75  for  the  com- 
plete course.  On  request  we  will  send  you 
plans,  specifications,  estimate  sheets,  a  copy 
of  the  Building  Labor  Calculator,  and  cotn- 
plete  instructions.  What  we  say  about  this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to  be  after  you  examine  it  is  the  only  thing 
that  matters.  You  be  the  judge;  your  deci- 
sion is  finaL 

Write  your  name  and  address  clearly  and 
give  your  aige,  and  trade  experience. 

TAMBLYN   SYSTEM 

1115    So.    Pearl    St.,    C-45,    Denver    10,    Colo. 


Now  better  than  ever  ^ 


Stanley  No.  923  Bit  Brace  with 
the  NEW  self-centering  chuck 

A  long-time  favorite  with  craftsmen,  the  No.  923 
Bit  Brace  with  the  new  self-centering  chuck  is  now 
better  than  ever.  It  saves  time  .  .  .  speeds  work. 
Just  drop  the  bit  into  the  square  socket,  tighten  the 
chuck,  and  the  bit  automatically  centers  itself.  For 
fast,  smooth  action  .  .  .  long,  dependable  service, 
get  the  No.  923  with  the  new  self-centering  chuck 
.  it  has  everything  you  want  in  a  Bit  Brace. 
Stanley  makes  a  complete  line  of  Bit  Braces.  See 
the  style  and  size  you  want  on  display  at  your 
local  dealer's. 

OTHER  WORK-SAVING  FEATURES.  Head  spins  on  ball  bearings 
and  a  bronze  bushing.  Cocobolo  hardwood  handle  and  head.  Nut 
ond  cotter  pin  lock  chuck  in  place.  Forged  Universal  jaws  take  both 
round  and  square  taper  shank  bits  to  Yz".  5  sizes — 6"  to  14" 
sweep. 


Stanley  Tools, 
New  Britain,  Conn* 

THE  TOOL  BOX  OF  THE  WORID 

[STANLEY] 


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HARDWARE     •     TOOLS     »    ELECTRIC  TOOLS    •    STEEL  STRAPPING    •     STEEL 


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CARPENTER'S 
OVERALLS 


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Trenton,  N.  J. 
Soutli  Bend,  Ind. 
Minneapolis.  Minn. 
San  Franeiseo,  Calif. 
Salina,  Kans. 


AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

4vols.$6 

InsideTrade  Information 

for  Carpenters,  Builders ,  Join- 
ers. Building  Mechanics  and  all 
Woodworkers.  These  Guides 
give  yoa  the  short-cut  instruc- 
tions that  yoa  want— including 
new  methods,  ideas,  solutions, 

filans.  systems  and  money  sav- 
ng  suggestions.  An  easy  pro- 
gressive course  for  the  appren- 
tice and  student.  A  practical 
daily  helper  and  Quick  Refer- 
ence for  the  master  worker. 
Carpenters  everywhere  are  us- 
ing these  Guides  as  a  Helping 
Hand  to  Easier  Work.  Better 
Work  and  Better  Pay.  To  get 
this  assistance  for  yoar&elf. 
Bimply  fin  Jn  and_ 

Inside  Trade  Information  On :  mail  fb 
How  to  use  the  steel  square — How  to  file  and 
set  saws — How  to  build  lurnlture — How  to  use 
a  mitre  box — How  to  use  tlie  chalk  line — How 
to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 
Carpenters  arithmetic — Solving  mensuration 
problems — Estimating  strength  of  timbers — 
How  to  set  girders  and  sills — How  to  frame 
houses  and  roofs — How  to  estimate  costs — How 
to  build  houses,  bams,  garages,  bungalows,  etc. 
— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 
specifications — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 
settings  12,  13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 
to  build  hoists  and  scaffolds — skylights — How 
to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  Interior  trim — 
How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors- 


nplyfillinand 

lil  FEEE  COUPON  below. 


AUDEL,  Publishers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  York  10,  N.  Y. 

Mall  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  on  7  days'  free 
trial.  If  OK  I  will  remit  $1  in  7  days  and  $1  monthly  until  $6  Is. paid. 
-Otherwise  I  will  return  them.  No  obligation  unless  I  am  satisfied. 


Name- 


Occupatlon- 


CAB 


THE 


new 


model 


BEST- 
m^ BEAUTIFUL! 


•MIRACLE    WEDGED 
•  SALT  SPRAY  STEEL* 


7Ha4uc<UOft  BCectncc  OPERATION 


■k  HADE   MAIK 


OVERHEAD      DOOR      CORPORATION 


Hartford     City,     Indiana,     U.  S.  A. 


MANUFACTURING      DIVISIONS 


CARPENTER 


FOUNDED    1881 


Official  Publication  of  the 
UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS  of  AMERICA 


NOVEMBER,     1950 


^hanks^imng  -  1950 

In  this,  the  last  bold  bastion  of  human  freedom,  let  us  combine  thanksgiving 
for  past  blessings  with  a  determination  to  keep  liberty's  banners  bravely  flying 
from  the  Rio  Grande  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  whatever  the  cost  may  be. 


4( 


GOMPERS" 


Revered!   An  inspiration  grand, 

This  gallant  warrior,  let  him  be 

Immortalized  in  every  land, 

A  first  in  labor's  memory. 

The  genius  in  his  thinking  brow, 

The  challenge  in  his  fearless  eyes, 

Depicted  leadership  that  now 

Yields  just  reward  for  sacrifice. 

The  toiler's  lot  he  understood 

And  yet  conforming  to  the  law 

He  fought  as  every  patriot  should. 

With  caution,  for  the  common  good. 

For  freedom  in  his  soul  innate. 

With  tempered  judgment,  served  him  well. 

No  traitor  would  he  tolerate 

Within  the  fold  of  A.  F.  L. 

The  records  prove  his  title  clear 

To  fortitude's  intrinsic  worth. 

This  great  immortal  pioneer 

To  labor  helped  to  bring  new  birth. 

Glory  and  honor  shall  ever  be 

His!  Who  triumphed  in  the  strife. 

Peace  be  his  eternally 

Who  gave  to  labor's  cause,  his  life. 


Member,  Poets  of  the  Pacific 


by 
ALBERT  V.  HORNER. 
Carpenters  Local  2164 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 


Gang-cutting  pays  off  fast  with 
powerful,  easy-handling  SKIL  Saw! 


MODEL  825 
SKIL  Saw 

A  favorite  with  contractors  for 
general  home  construction.  Cuts 
up  to  2%  in.  deep.  Bevel  cuts  up 
to  2Vb  in.  deep  at  45°.  Light, 
compact,  pov/erful. 


Gang-cutting  with  SKIL  Saw  gets  buildings 
up  fast.  A  look  at  these  SKIL  Saw  features  shows 
you  why  it's  perfect  for  day-long  production 
sawing  on  the  [ob  site  — 

NORMAL,  COMFORTABLE  SAWING  POSITION  — 
With  SKIL  Saw's  rear  handle  you  saw  without 
difficult  reaching,  straining  or  stretching.  Less 
eflfort  per  cut .  .  .  more  cuts  per  day. 
EASY,  ACCURATE  DEPTH  ADJUSTMENT— With 
SKIL  Saw's  quick,  simple  depth  adjustment 
you're  ready  in  seconds  to  mark  the  second  layer 
as  you  cut  the  top  one. 

SMOOTH,  EASY  SAWING  ON  EVERY  CUT -Hi- 
torque  SKIL  Saw  avoids  jamming  and  stalling. 
Keeps  production  at  a  peak  all  day  long. 


Ask  your  SKIL  Tool  Distributor  to  demonstrate 
SKIL  Saw  today.  You'll  be  glad  you  did! 

SKIL  Products  are  made  only  by 

SKiLSAW,  INC. 

5033  Elston  Avenue,  Chicago  30,  Illinois 

Factory  Branches  in  Principal  Cities 

In  Canada:  SKILTOOLS,  LTD.,  66  Portland  St.,  Toronto,  Ont. 


Trade  Mark  Reg.  March,   1913 


A   Monthly  Journal,   Owned   and   Published    by   the   United    Brotherhood    of    Carpenters    and    Joinera 
of  America,   for  all  its  Members   of  all   its   Branches. 

PETER  E.  TERZICK,  Editor 

Carpenters'  Building,  222  E.  Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis  4,  Indiana 

Established  in   1881 
Vol.  LXX— No.   11 


INDIANAPOLIS,  NOVEMBER,  1950 


One   Dollar  Per  Year 
Ten  Cents  a  Copy 


—  Con  tents  — 


The  Truth  Gets  Mangled    - 


It  Pays  To  Know 


Modern  advertising  techniques  and  public  relations  counsel  cannot  make  black  appear 
white,  but  they  can  certainly  make  it  appear  gray.  The  current  advertising  campaign 
which  the  A  &  P  grocery  chain  is  carrying  on  in  an  effort  to  discredit  the  government's 
anti-trust  suit  is  a  revelation  in  moden  whitewashing  tactics  which  play  up  minor  facts 
to  obliterate  major  ones. 

-  -  -  -  11 

One  of  the  last  acts  of  the  81st  Congress  was  to  amend  and  liberalize  the  Social 
Security  Act.  Under  the  amended  act,  benefits  are  increased,  miilions  of  new  workers 
are  brought  under  the  social  security  program,  and  many  other  important  changes  are 
made.  It  will  pay  workers  to  know  just  where  they  stand  under  the  new  law  and  this 
article   endeavors   to  answer   some   of   the   most  pertinent   questions   connected   with    it. 

-         -         -         18 

Hitler  pioneered  in  the  use  of  the  "Big  Lie"  but  Stalin  is  surpassing  him  in  taxing 
the  credulity  of  people  by  making  preposterous  claims.  In  a  heavy-handed,  unimagina- 
tive manner  the  Kremlin  tries  to  "prove"  that  Russia  was  solely  responsible  for  the  vic- 
tory over  Japan  in  World  War  II.  Many  a  veteran  who  sweated  out  the  bitter  campaigns 
from  Guadalcanal  to  Okinawa  will  get  a  belly  laugh  out  of  the  Russian  version  of  the 
war  in  the  Pacific. 


Stupidity  Always  Loses 


Unions  Got  The  Book 


21 


A  veteran  lobor  attorney  writes  an  interesting  book  on  the  struggles  which  unions 
had  with  the  courts  of  the  land  in  their  slow  but  steady  march  toward  recognition  and 
acceptance.  Throughout  the  early  days  of  unionism,  the  courts  literally  "threw  the  book" 
at  all  efforts  of  working  men  to  organize  themselves  for  economic  betterment.  The  Taft- 
Hartley   Law  threatens   to   undo   all   the   progress   that   has   been    made. 


•  *  * 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 

Plane  Gossip 

Editorials 

Official 

In    Memoriam 

The  Locker  - 

Correspondence 

To  The  Ladies 

Craft  Problems 

Index  to  Advertisers 


•        •        • 


16 
24 
29 
31 
32 
34 
40 
41 

46 


Entered   July   22,    1915,    at   INDIANAPOLIS,    IND.,    as   second    class   mail    matter,    under    Act   of 

Congress,  Aug.  24,  1912.    Acceptance  for  mailing  at  special  rate  of  postage  provided  for 

in   Section   1103,   act   of   October   3.    1917.   authorized  on    July    8.    1918. 


CARPENTERS 

BUILDERS  and  APPRENTICES 


Get  the  practical  training  you  need 

for  PROMOTION, 

INCREASED  INCOME 

Prepare  now  for  more  pay,  greater  success. 
Hundreds  have  quickly  advanced  to  foreman, 
superintendent,  inspector,  estimator,  contrac- 
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ing. Your  practical  experience  aids  your  suc- 
cess. 

Learn  how  to  lay  out  and  run  building  jobs,  read 
blue  prints,  estimate  building  costs,  superintend  con- 
struction. Practical  training  witli  complete  blue  print 
plans  and  specifications — same  as  used  by  superin- 
tendents and  contractors.  Over  46  years  of  experi- 
ence in  training  practical  builders. 


FREE 


Blue  Prints 
and  Trial  Lesson 


THOROUGH  TRAINING  IN  BUILDING 

Learn  at  Home  in  Your  Spare  Time 

The  successful  builder  will  tell  you 
that  the  way  to  the  top-pay  jobs  and 
success  in  Building  is  to  get  thorough 
knowledge  of  blue  prints,  building  con- 
struction and  estimating. 

In  this  Chicago  Tech  Course,  you  learn  to 
read  blue  prints — the  universal  language  of 
the  builder — and  understand  specifications — 
for  all  types  of  buildings. 
You  learn  building  construction  details : 
foundations,  walls,  roofs,  windows  and  doors, 
arches,  stairs,  etc. 

You  learn  how  to  lay  out  work  and  direct 
building  jobs  from  start  to  finish, 
to  estimate  building  costs  quick- 
ly and  accurately.  Find  out 
how  you  can  prepare  at  home 
for  the  higher-paid  jobs  in 
Building,  or  your  own  success- 
'ful  contracting  business.  Get  the 
facts  about  this  income-boosting 
Chicago  Tech  training  now. 


Send  today  for  Trial  Lesson:  "How  to  Read 
Blue  Prints,"  and  set  of  Blue  Print  Plans — 
sent  to  you  Free.  See  for  yourself  how  this 
Chicago  Tech  course  prepares  you  to  earn 
more  money,  gives  you  the  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  Building  required  for  the  higher-up 
jobs  and  higher  pay.  Don't  delay.  Mail  the 
coupon  today  in  an  envelope  or  use  penny 
postcard. 


MAIL  COUPON  NOW 


-| 


You  learn 


Chicagro  Technical   College 

P-122   Tech   Bldff.,   2000   So.   Michigan   Ave. 

Chicago   16,   III. 

Mail  me  Free  Blue  Print  Plans  and  Booklet : 
"How  to  Read  Blue  Prints"  with  information 
about  how  I  can  train  at  home. 

Name Age 


Address 


»      Occupation 


City. 


Zone. 


State 


CHICAGO    TECHNICAL    COLLEGE 

TECH  BLDG.,  2000  SOUTH  MICHIGAN  AVE.,  CHICAGO  16,  ILL. 


When  The  Cvsfomer  Says: 


Sell  them  with  confidence  because  you  will  be  recommending: 
— the  material  that  has  been  time-tested  on  thousands  of 

ceilings. 

— the  material  that  makes  the  most  beautiful  of  all  ceilings. 
— -the    material   that    produces   true   home-style   ceilings. 
— the  material  that  produces  crac^proo/ trouble-free  ceilings. 
— the   material  that   produces   long   lasting  ceilings. 
— the  material  you  can  apply  without  visible  face  nailing 

with  Upson  Floating  Fasteners. 
— the  material  that  is  widely  advertised  for  re-covering 

cracked  ceilings. 
— the  material  which  has  the  greatest  sales  appeal. 


No  material — not  one — equals  Upson  Kuver-Krak 
Panels  for  re-covering  cracked  ceilings.  For  they  are 
scientifically  processed  to  an  exclusive  formula!  Lami- 
nated! A  full  5  plys  thick!  Pebbled  surface  pre-sizedl 
They  build  profitable  business  through  the  years. 
For  Instruction  Sheets,  see  your  lumber  dealer  or 
mail  the  coupon. 


UPSON 


KUVER-KRAK 


Only  Upton  PoneU  can  be  applied  with  thit  unique  Upson  Float- 
Ing  Fastener.  It  anchon  panels  securely  from  the  back.  Eliminatst 
visible  Face  nailing.  Designed  to  compensate  for  normal  6truc- 
I  tural  movement. 


THE  UPSON   COMPANV 


PANEtS 


Easily  identified  by 
the  famous  BLUE 
center. 


431 1    Upson  Point,  Lockport,  New  York 

Q  Send  me  lostructioD  Sheets  for  applicati 

□  Have  your  Representative  call  to  give 
ceiling  market. 

NAMe 

NAME  OF  FIRM 

STREET  ADDRESS 

CITY 


of  Kuver-Krak  Panela. 
more  ioformation  on  the  cracked 


Looklne  straieht  down  on  the  back  edge 
you  see  the  perfect  taper  erind  of 
every  Disston  Hand  Saw.  Blade 
thicker  at  butt.  ^^i**— "^  ♦■ 


Looklns  straieht 
back  at  the  point 
edge  you  see 
the  perfect  up- 
ward taper 
grind  of  every 
Disston  Hand 
Saw.  Thicker  at 
the  tootb  edge. 


Looking  straight  down  on  the  tooth  edge  you  see  the  gauge  of  the  steel 
from  the  butt  to  the  point.  All  the  way,  the  tooth  edge  Is  SAME  WIDTH. 


MS7i[W.  TRUE  TAPER  GRIND 

adds  speed/  ease,  accuracy 


D/SSrON . . .  The  Saw  Most  Carpenters  Use 
is  perfectly  taper  ground,  as  explained 
above,  to  help  you  do  your  smoothest, 
fastest,  truest  sawing — to  help  you  save 
time  and  material.  Furthermore,  this  is 
the  saw  made  of  Disston  Steel — Disston- 


controUed  to   give  you  the  flex  and 
balance    you    want  .  .  .  hardened    and 
tempered  to  make  the  edge  last  longer. 
There    are    Disston    types    and 
sizes  for  all  your  work.  See  Your 
Hardware  Retailer. 


HENRY  DISSTON  &  SONS,  INC.,1104Tacony.  Philadelphia  35.  Pa.,  U.S.A. 

In  Canada,  write:  2-20   Fraser  Ave.,  Toronto  3,   Ont. 


SPBBVCOn  TOOLS 


ivfCL  SAve  you 

TiME  ANPMONEV 


SPEED    SAW    FILER 

Now  file  your  own  saws!  Precision  fil- 
ing easy  without  experience.  Two  sim- 
ple adjustments.  Keeps  any  hand  saw 
extra  sharp  and  true  cutting.  Complete 
with  file  and  ready  to  use    $2.95 


DRILL  GRINDER 
Makes  old  drills  cut  like  new. 
Sharpens  3/32"  to  I 'A"  drills  with 
factory  accuracy  in  30  sees.  No  ex- 
perience necessary.  Use  with  hand 
or  power  grinding   wheels.     $2.95 


SPEEDCOR   HANDLE 
Holds  files,  razor  blades,  taps,  drills, 
Allen    wrenches,    bits    etc.     Operates  | 
similar    to     drill     chuck.     Precision 
made.    Handiest  tool  in  tool  box.      $1 


SPEED  GRIP  PLANE 
Precision  made,  pocket  sized  plane 
as  easy  to  grip  as  big  one.  S'A" 
X  I 'A"  face.  Can't  be  beat  for  all 
around  fitting  and  finishing.  Blade 
guaranteed   to  hold   edge.    $1.50 


SPEED    SAW    CLAMP 
Grips   full    length    of   hand   saws — 30    inches. 
Saves  time.  Attached  or  released  from  bench 
in    15   seconds.    Lifetime   construction.    Holds 
entire    saw    true    without    vibration.     $4.95 
Order  Today!    Cash  with  order,   prepaid.    COD   postage  extra.     Money  back   Guarante* 


CIRCULAR    SAW    FILER 

Sharpen    circular    saws    like    an  | 

expert.   Adjustable  for  any  pitch 

or  angle.  Complete  with  file  and  | 

mandrels    for    blades    with    'A" 

%",  %".   13/16"  centers.    $6.95 


SPEEDCOR  PRODUCTS 


Dept.A-512N.E.73rdAve. 
Portland  16,  Oregon 


HANDIEST  CARPENTER  RULE  MADE... 
LUFKIN  TWO  WAY-RED  END  966 


*  Measures  Left  to  Right— Right  to  Left 

*  Patented  soh'd  brass  lock  joints 

*  Solid  brass  mountings,  strike  plates 

*  Enameled  snow  >white,  gloss  red  ends 

*  Folding  end  hook  Is  optional 

Write  Dept.  C  for  fascinating  booklet,  "The  Amaz- 
ing Story  of  Measurement".  Enclose  10c  (no  stamps) 
for  handling  and  mailing. 


Wfkin 


THE  LUFKIN  RULE  CO.  .  TAPES  •  RULES  •  PRECISION  TOOLS 
SAGINAW,  MICHIGAN  •  NEW  YORK  CITY  •  BARRIE,  ONL 


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  own  busi- 
ness and  be  your  own  boss  the  "Tamblyn 
System"  Home  Study  Course  in  Estimating 
will  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  carpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  you  can  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
first  lesson  begins  with  excavations  Euid  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  yon 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidance  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced  to  the  language  you  understauid. 
You  will  never  find  a  more  opportune  time 
to  establish  yourself  In  business  than  now. 

Study  the  course  for  ten  days  absolutely 
free.  If  you  decide  you  don't  want  to  keep 
it,  just  return  it.  Otherwise  send  us  $8.75 
and  pay  the  balance  of  $40.00  at  $10.00  per 
month,  making  a  total  of  $48.75  for  the  com- 
plete course.  On  request  we  will  send  you 
plans,  specifications;  estimate  sheets,  a  copy 
of  the  Building  Labor  Calculator,  and  com- 
plete instructions.  What  we  say  about  this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to  be  after  you  examine  it  is  the  only  thing 
that  matters.  You  be  the  judge;  your  deci- 
sion Is  final. 

Write  your  name  and  address  deiu'Iy  and 
give  your  age,  and  trade  experience. 

TAMBLYN   SYSTEM 

Ills    So.    Pearl   St.,    C-47,    Denver    10,    Colo. 


t-x  •*^'r. 


BOf« 


o^«° 


. ^    HANG  THAT  DOOR 
THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


Makes  a  clean-cut.  deeply-etched  profile  on  door. 
Remove  chips.  Repeat  operation  on  jamb.  Hang 
door!  No  adjustments.  No  fussing.  Precision  made. 
Drop-forged,  heat-treated  steel.  Comes  in  3",  3i" 
and   4"    (Std)    size:. 


ONLY  $1.75  ea. — $3.50  a  pair 
(any  two) — $5.25  complete  set 
of  three.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
send  only  $1.00  with  order  and 
pay  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  O.  D.  In  Canada,  .25c 
higher  per  order.  No  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    "n-anted. 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 

"Really  a  help  for  the 
'old  hands'  and  almost 
a  'must'  for  the  new 
boys." 

S.   H.   Glover 
Cincinnati,   Ohio 

"The    greatest  help    in 

hanging  doors  I  hare 
erer    seen." 

J.    Allen  Charles 

Mullins,  S.   C. 


Comes  With 
Leatherette  uase 


Conceded  by   carpenters  to  be  almost  indispensable, 
as  hundreds  of  testimonials  in  file  show. 
(••E-Z  Mark"  Trade  Mark  Eeg.) 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  Dept.  C,  Los  Angeles  16,  Cal. 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377,  Dept.  C. 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 


V 

han 

I 


C/ip    orxd     mail     handy     order     form     below. 


Gentlemen:     Pleose   send   the    following    "E-Z"   Mark    BuH   Gauges  as   checked   below: 

Check  Size 

[I         one   of   any   size    $1.75  

[2         two    of   any    size    $3.50  

^         complete    set    of    three    any    size    $5.25  

I    enclose    check    or    money    order  □ 

Send   C.    O.    D D 

Address: City 


.Zone 


The  Truth  Gets  Mangled 

*  • 

1  BELIEVE  that  in  the  end  truth  will  conquer. 
Six  hundred  years  ago  John  WyclifFe  uttered  the   above  words  to  the 
Duke  of  Lancaster.   In  the  inten^ening  centuries  truth  has  fought  a  never- 
ending  battle  against  its  enemies,  but  today  it  is  as  harrassed  and  belea- 
guered as  it  ever  was.  In  fact  all  indications  are  that  truth  is  finding  the  sled- 
ding tougher  in  the  Twentieth  Century  than  at  any  other  time  in  human 
history.   The  Twentieth  Century  has  produced  an  entirely  new  cult  of  truth- 
evaders.    Torturing,  twisting  and  misinterpreting  the  truth  has  become  not 
only  a  highly  specialized  profession  but  a  highly  profitable  one  as  well.    Its 
;  chief  technique  is  not  to  indulge  in  outright  falsehood,  (although  Hitler  and 
=  Stalin  developed  the  Big  Lie  theory  to  its  ultimate)  but  rather  to  so  worry, 
;  befuddle  and  confuse  the  truth  that  hardly  any  one  can  recognize  it.    In  that 
way,  truth  becomes  hopelessly  lost  in  the  shuffle. 

On  a  global  scale  this  technique 
seems  to  have  become  SOP  (stand- 
ard operating  procedure)  in  interna- 
tional relations.  On  the  home  front, 
junior  versions  of  the  same  technique 
have  become  accepted  adjuncts  to 
ithe  advertising  business  and  public 
relations  business.  The  legal  profes- 
sion is  not  entirely  blameless.  Neither 
are  the  newspapers  nor  the  radio. 
;  Politicians  have  developed  it  into  an 
art.  In  fact  there  is  hardly  any  phase  of 
our  economic  life  that  is  not  touched 
in  one  way  or  another  by  this  foot- 
sie-playing with  truth. 

Take  one  quick  example  in  adver- 
tising. Recently  a  government  agency, 
undoubtedly  prodded  into  action  by 
the  far-fetched  advertising  claims  of 
cigarette  companies  which  ascribe  all 
sorts  of  medicinal  values  to  their  pro- 
ducts, decided  to  examine  the  vari- 
ous brands  of  cigarettes.  After  ex- 
haustive tests,  the  agency  found  that 
all  cigarettes  were  harmful  in  that 
they  contained  about  equal  amounts 
of  throat-irritants,  that  the  tobaccos 
:used  were  about  the  same  in  all 
brands.   The  agency  said  so  in  its  re- 


port. The  language  was  fairly  simple 
and  straightforward.  Even  to  the 
eight  year  old  the  meaning  was  clear; 
all  cigarettes  are  harmful  in  roughly 
equal  proportions. 

Then  some  high-powered  advertis- 
ing executive  got  hold  of  the  report. 
Within  a  week  or  two  his  cigarette 
account  was  notifying  the  world,  via 
radio,  that  "government  tobacco  ex- 
perts, after  exhaustive  tests,  have 
proved  conclusively  that  no  cigarette 
contains  less  tliroat  irritants  than  El 
Stinkos".  Another  commercial 
claimed:  "Ofiicial  government  tests 
now  prove  tliat  no  cigarette  contains 
finer  tobaccos  than  El  Stinkos.'"' 

There  you  have  the  technique  at 
its  highest  efficiency.  A  government 
agency  finds  all  cigarettes  to  be  equal- 
ly harmful,  but  by  taking  words 
out  of  context  and  doing  a  little 
phrase  juggling,  an  advertising  expert 
creates  the  illusion  that  El  Stinkos 
ha\'e  gotten  a  tremendous  endorse- 
ment from  Uncle  Sam's  experts.  It  is 
as  simple  as  that.  The  government 
can  hardly  do  anything  about  it  since 


THE    CARPENTER 


no  outright  lies  are  involved.  How- 
ever, the  victory  for  truth  which  Wy- 
cliife  foresaw  in  the  Fourteenth  Cen- 
tury certainly  is  not  aided  by  such 
shenanigans. 

But  the  real  classic  of  truth-mang- 
ling is  the  A  &  P  anti-trust  case.  The 
government  is  bringing  suit  against 
the  A  &  P  grocery  chain  for  suppos- 
edly violating  the  Sherman  anti-trust 
laws.  As  to  the  merits  or  demerits  of 
the  government's  case,  this  journal  is 
wholly  ignorant.  What  intrigues  us 
is  the  tactics  being  employed  by  the 
grocery  chain. 

On  September  15th  of  last  year  the 
government  brought  action  against 
A  &  P.  The  government  charged  the 
chain  with  using  its  tremendous  buy- 
ing power  in  a  predatory  manner  and 
by  tiie  use  of  boycotts,  secret  dis- 
counts, and  blacklisting  to  force  spe- 
cial discounts  from  packers  and  pro- 
ducers. The  government  also  accused 
the  chain  of  instituting  price  wars  to 
drive  weaker  competitors  out  of  busi- 
ness. Such  illegal  practices  the  gov- 
ernment wanted  discontinued,  and  as 
a  guarantee  that  they  would  be,  the 
government  was  asking  that  certain 
phases  of  A  &  P  operations,  such  as 
manufacturing  and  packing,  be  di- 
vorced from  merchandizing  phases  of 
the  business.  In  similar  cases,  the 
government  years  ago  broke  up  the 
old  empire  of  the  Pullman  cars  and 
divorced  the  production  phase  of  mo- 
tion picture  making  from  tlie  exhibi- 
tion phase.  The  companies  involved— 
The  Pullman  Company  and  Para- 
mount pictures— are  still  in  business. 
The  government  neither  asked  nor 
intimated  that  these  companies  should 
be  driven  out  of  business.  All  it  asked 
was  that  certain  illegal,  monopolistic 
practices  be  discontinued,  and  to  in- 
sure these  results  and  eliminate  mono- 
poly, that  certain  phases  of  the  com- 
pany's diversified  operations  be  sep- 
arated. 


The  government  case  against  A  &  P 
is  practically  identical  with  the  Pull- 
man and  Paramount  cases.  For  a  few 
days  after  Uncle  Sam  moved  in 
against  A  &  P  the  case  drew  very  little 
attention.  But  five  days  later,  some 
2,000  newspapers  throughout  the  land 
blossomed  out  with  the  first  of  many 
huge  A  &  P  ads.  In  tall  and  very 
black  headlines  these  ads  asked  the 
questions:  "Do  You  Want  Your  A  &  P 
Put  Out  of  Business?"  and  "Do  You 
Want  Higher  Prices?"  The  text  of  the 
ads  proclaimed:  "This  (a  government 
victory)  would  mean  higher  food 
prices  for  you.  .  . .  less  food  on  every 
dinner  table.  . . .  Do  they  (the  Ameri- 
can people)  want  to  continue  to  en- 
joy low  prices  and  better  living?  Or 
do  they  want  to  break  up  A  &  P  and 
pay  higher  prices  and  have  lower  Hv- 
ing  standards?" 

The  following  week  a  second  bar- 
rage of  A  &  P  ads  appeared  through- 
out the  country.  "Why  Do  They  Want 
to  put  A  &  P  Out  of  Business?" 
asked  the  headlines  of  these  full-page 
masterpieces.  Answering  their  own 
question,  the  ads  continued;  "They 
say.  .  .  .  and  these  are  the  anti-trust 
lawyers'  own  words.  .  .  .that  we  have 
'regularly  undersold  competing  re- 
tailers.' " 

Similar  A  &  P  ads  have  appeared 
periodically  ever  since.  The  theme  of 
them  is  all  the  same— tlie  government 
is  trying  to  put  A  &  P  out  of  business 
because  it  is  selling  merchandise  too 
cheaply. 

However,  government  attorneys 
have  an  entirely  different  version  of 
the  suit.  Speaking  before  the  Con- 
necticut Bar  Association,  Attorney- 
General  McGrath  said  some  time  ago: 

"The  successful  prosecution  of  the 
pending  civil  suit,"  he  said,  "will  not 
increase,  but  should  decrease,  gro- 
cery prices.  .  .  .The  existence  of  mo- 
nopoly power  and  its  ruthless  use  in 
disregard  of  the  public  interest  threat- 


THE    CARPENTER 


en  economic  freedom,  retard  efficien- 
cy, and  curtail  progress.  Our  system 
of  free  enterprise  cannot  survive  un- 
less the  advantages  of  competition  ac- 
crue to  all  of  us." 

Speaking  on  the  same  day  in  Chi- 
cago, Assistant  Attorney-General 
Bergson,  head  of  the  anti-trust  divi- 
sion, pointed  out: 

"A  &  P  has  overlooked  a  very  sig- 
nificant fact  in  its  advertisements. 
The  filing  of  the  recent  civil  suit  did 
not  mark  the  beginning  of  the  De- 
partment's anti-trust  litigation  against 
A  &  P.    In  1942,  the  Department  in- 

-  stituted  a  criminal  anti-trust  case,  in- 
volving the  same  conduct  that  is  the 
subject  matter  of  the  civil  suit.  .  .  . 
After  six  months  of  careful  considera- 
tion. .  ,  .  the  Court  found  A  &  P 
guilty.  ...  A  &  P  appealed  to  the 
Court  of  Appeals.  ...  In  February  of 
1949  that  court  unanimously  held  that 
A  &  P  had  been  properly  convicted. 
A  &  P  could  have  asked  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  to  review 
this  conviction.  .  .  .They  chose  not  to 
do  so.    Instead,  they  paid  maximum 

.  fines  totaling  $175,000.  .  .  . 

.  "Suppression  of  the  truth  is  equiva- 
lent to  the  suggestion  of  what  is  false. 
In  a  mild  way,  that  sums  up  A  &  P's 

.  advertising.  ...  A  typical  deception 
is  found  in  the  advertisement  which 
reads,  quote:  'They  say.  .  .  and  these 
-  are  the  anti-trust  lawyers'  own  words 
....  that  "we  have  regularly  under- 
sold competing  retailers,"  '  end  quote. 
This  advertisement  asserts  that  this  is 
the  charge  against  A  &  P.  And  to 
this  charge  A  &  P  in  headline  type 
pleads  guilty.  .  .  .  These  words  were 
deliberately  lifted  out  of  context.   I'll 

^  read  you  the  paragraph  of  the  com- 
plaint in  which  they  are  found: 

Defendants,  by  coercing  and  re- 

I     ceiving  unlawful  buying  preferences, 

.have  become  enabled  to  and  have  reg- 

i     ularly  undersold,  regularly  taken  pa- 


tronage  away   from,   and   sometimes 
eliminated  competing  retailers.  .  .  . 

"The  Court  did  not  convict  A  &  P 
of  being  big.  ...  A  &  P  was  con- 
victed. .  .  .  because,  and  I  quote  the 
Court,  of  the  predatory  application 
of  its  mass  purchasing  power'  and  the 
abuse  of  that  power  through  boycotts, 
black-listing,  preferential  rebates, 
price  wars,  and  below-cost  retailing 
in  strategic  areas  in  order  to  eliminate 
local  competition.  .  .  .  The  aim  of 
this  case  is  to  restore  active  and  vig- 
orous competition  to  the  food  indus- 
try." 

As  stated  previously,  this  journal 
is  in  no  position  to  pass  on  the  merits 
or  demerits  of  the  government's  case 
against  A  &  P.  That  is  for  legal  minds 
to  settle.  However,  it  is  obvious  that 
A  &  P  and  its  public  relations  coun- 
sel are  developing  a  new  high  in  con- 
founding the  truth. 

In  the  final  analysis,  what  happens 
to  A  &  P  in  the  pending  suit  will  not 
materially  affect  the  average  individ- 
ual very  much  one  way  or  another, 
except  as  it  bears  on  the  growth  of 
monopoly  in  this  country.  We  are 
merely  pointing  out  how  effectively 
high-powered  public  relations  experts 
can  make  black  appear  white  if  peo- 
ple do  not  study  issues,  keep  open 
minds,  and  do  a  little  independent 
thinking. 

Truth-juggling  in  advertising  may 
not  appear  to  be  dangerous.  How- 
ever, the  same  techniques  which  are 
used  to  fool  people  in  the  grocery 
store  are  now  being  used  to  peddle 
political  philosophies,  elect  politicians 
and  put  over  dubious  legislation.  The 
phony  Kremlin-inspired  "peace  peti- 
tion" is  a  case  in  point.  Everyone 
wants  peace.  The  petition  purports 
to  ask  for  peace,  yet  behind  it  is  noth- 
ing more  nor  less  than  a  plot  to  dis- 
arm this  nation  and  sap  its  defensive 
strength.  Thousands  of  sincere  Ameri- 


10  THE    CARPENTER 

cans  have  already  been  hoodwinked  them    is   not   plausible.     And,   lastly, 

into  signing.  more  working  people  ought  to  read 

The  moral  is  that  all  citizens  must  the  labor  press.   The  labor  press  has 

do  more  of  their  own  thinking  these  no  particular  axes  to  grind  other  than 

days.     They   must  be  less    prone   to  advancing    the    interests    of   working 

believe  everything  they  read  in  the  people.    The  labor  press  may  not  be 

daily  papers  or  hear  over  the  radio,  as  fancy;  it  may  not  have  as  many 

They    must    start    asking   themselves  features;  it  may  not  be  as  well  writ- 

"What  kind  of  an  axe  does  he  have  to  ten  as  the  money-making  press;  but 

grind?"  every  time  they  read  or  hear  it  has  one  thing  most  others  do  not— 

something   that   common    sense   tells  it  calls  its  shots  as  it  sees  them. 


On-the-job  Injury- Frequency  Rate  Hit  Record  Low  in  1949 

Work-injury  rates  in  manufacturing  and  non-manufacturing  continued  to 
decline  during  1949,  according  to  final  summaries  prepared  by  the  United 
States  Department  of  Labor's  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics.  The  average  injur>'- 
frequency  rate  for  all  manufacturing  decreased  12.8  per  cent,  from  17.2  in- 
juries per  million  man-hours  in  1948  to  15.0  in  1949. 

The  rate  is  one  of  the  lowest  recorded  in  the  Bureau's  24-year  injury-rate 
series,  and  represents  a  return  to  the  low  level  of  the  years  immediately  be- 
fore World  War  II.  Rates  for  those  years  were  15.1  for  1938,  14.9  for  1939, 
and  15.3  for  1940. 

Non-manufacturing  industries  showed  less  improvement  in  their  injury 
record  from  1948  to  1949  than  manufacturing.  Of  the  76  separate  mining  and 
other  non-manufacturing  classifications  for  which  comparable  data  were  avail- 
able, 35  reported  significant  decreases,  21  recorded  increases,  and  20  showed 
little  change. 

Only  8  of  the  149  individual  manufacturing  industries  had  significantly 
higher  injury-frequency  rates  in  1949  than  in  1948,  28  recorded  little  change 
and  113  reported  decreases  of  1  or  more  frequency-rate  points.  Of  this  latter 
groups  22  showed  decreases  of  5  or  more  points. 

Among  the  industry  groups,  iron  and  steel  products  showed  the  greatest 
improvement— a  drop  of  3.9  frequency-rate  points  from  1948  to  1949.  Indi- 
vidual industries  within  this  group  reporting  the  greatest  improvement  were 
iron  foundries,  with  a  decrease  from  39.7  injuries  per  million  man-hours  in 
1948,  to  29.0  in  1949;  vitreous-enameled  products  from  25.1  to  16.6;  plate 
fabrication  and  boiler-shop  products,  from  33.4  to  25.1;  stamped  and  pressed 
metal  products  ,  from  21.6  to  14.0;  steel  foundries,  from  30.5  to  23.1;  and  steel 
springs,  from  20.8  to  13.6. 

Other  industries  showing  marked  decreases  in  their  injury-frequency  rates 
were  boatbuilding  and  repairing  (from  48.2  to  40.0),  textile  machinery  (from 
20.9  to  13.6),  breweries  (from  35.5  to  28.4),  and  wooden  containers  (from  42.6 
to  35.6). 

High-rate  industries  in  manufacturing  were  logging  (with  a  rate  of  92.2 
injuries  per  million  man-hours),  sawmills  (55.6),  integrated  saw  and  planing 
mills  (47.6),  planing  mills  operated  separately  from  sawmills  (38.1),  structural 
clay  products  (36.8),  cut  stone  and  cut-stone  products  (36.6),  and  wooden 
containers  (35.6). 


11 


It  Pays  To  Know 

•  •  • 

As  FAR  as  working  people  are  concerned,  the  Social  Security  Act 
Amendments  of  1950  constitute  the  most  important  piece  of  legisla- 
tion passed  by  the  present  Congress.  By  this  legislation  the  Social  Secu- 
rity system  is  liberalized  and  broadened.  Old  age  and  survivors  benefits  are 
increased  substantially.  Coverage  is  broadened  to  include  many  types  of 
workers  Vv'ho  were  previously  excluded.  Most  important  among  these  are 
workers  who  are  self-employed.  The  carpenter  who  operates  his  own  little 
shop  or  operates  as  a  small-time  contractor  part  of  the  time  or  all  the  time 
is  now  entitled  to  coverage  under  the  Social  Seciurity  program. 

Like  most  legislation,  the  new  Social  Security  law  is  complicated  and  full 
of  legalistic  language.  However,  it  is  important  that  ever}^  working  person 
know  tlie  main  provisions  in  the  law.  To  make  the  various  sections  of  the  law 
as  understandable  as  possible,  the  following  question  and  answer  analysis  has 
been   worked  out.    However,   if   any     


I 


member  has  any  question  regarding 
the  new  law  which  is  bothering  him, 
he  should  contact  his  nearest  Social 
Security  office  which  will  give  him 
the  answers  he  wants. 

Benefits 
I  expect  to  retire  in  a  few  years.  How 
will  my  benefits  be  figured? 

Your  benefit  will  be  computed  in 
two  ways,  and  whichever  way  re- 
sults in  the  higher  figure  will  be 
used.  First,  your  benefit  will  be 
computed  under  the  old  formula 
(40  per  cent  of  the  first  $50  of 
your  average  monthly  wage,  plus 
10  per  cent  of  the  remainder, 
plus  1  per  cent  of  that  sum  for 
each  year  of  coverage  after  1937 
and  before  1951)  and  will  be  in- 
creased by  the  use  of  the  table 
for  present  beneficiaries.  Second, 
your  benefit  will  be  computed 
under  the  new  formula— 50  per 
cent  of  the  first  $100  of  your  aver- 
age monthly  'wa.ge,  plus  15  per 
cent  of  the  next  $200,  with  no  in- 
crease for  years  of  coverage. 


How  do  I  figure  my  average  monthly 

wage? 

Your  average  monthly  wage  will 
be  computed  as  under  present 
law— that  is,  by  dividing  the  total 
of  your  wages  by  the  months  in 
which  you  could  have  worked  in 
covered  employment— except  that 
if  you  work  for  about  18  months 
after  1950,  or  longer,  and  if  a 
higher  figure  would  result,  your 
average  monthly  wage  will  be 
computed  from  1950  instead  of 
from  the  beginning  of  the  pro- 
gram. 

How  are  the  survivors'  and  depend- 
ents' benefits  computed? 

As  under  the  old  law,  the  wife  of 
a  retired  worker  gets  a  benefit 
equal  to  one-half  of  the  primary 
insurance  amount,  and  the  widow 
of  a  deceased  worker  gets  three- 
quarters  of  his  primary  insurance 
amount.  The  benefit  for  a  de- 
pendent parent  has  been  raised 
by  the  new  law  from  one-haK  to 


12 


THE    CARPENTER 


three-quarters  of  the  primary  a- 
mount,  and  the  benefit  for  the 
first  child  in  a  family  has  also 
been  raised  from  o  n  e-h  a  1  f  to 
three-quarters.  Each  succeeding 
child  in  the  family  gets  one-half 
of  the  primary  amount,  as  under 
the  old  law. 

What  is  the  maximum  under  the  new 
law? 

For  a  retired  worker,  $80;  for  a 
worker  and  wife,  $120;  for  a  fam- 
ily, $150. 

Are  insurance  benefits  paid  under 
title  n  of  the  Social  Security  Act  tax- 
able for  Federal  income  tax  purposes? 


at  any  time,  before  or  after  age 

65. 
I  am  already  over  65  years  of  age.   I 
have    four   quarters   of   coverage   in 
1944.    Can  I  earn  the  additional  two 
quarters  I  need  in  1951  or  1952? 

Yes.  The  six  quarters  can  be 
earned  anytime  before  or  after 
65. 

I  am  age  59.  I  already  have  the  ten 
quarters  of  coverage  I  need  to  be  eli- 
gible for  insurance  benefits  at  age  65. 
Do  I  have  to  earn  additional  quarters 
of  coverage  after  1950? 

No.  However,  if  you  earn  six 
quarters  of  coverage  after  1950, 


Following  is  a  table  illustrating  amounts  under  the  new  formula: 


Average 

Benefit  for  a  Retired  Single  Man 

Benefit   for    a   Retired  Man  and 

Monthly 

5  Years  of            30  Years 

of 

5  Years  of                    30  Years 

Wage 

Coverage               Coverage 

Coverage                       Coverage 

$100 

$50.00                    $50.00 

$  75.00                         $  75.00 

200 

65.00                      65.00 

97.50                             97.50 

250 

72.50                      72.50 

108.80                           108.80 

300 

80.00                      80.00 

120.00                           120.00 

Wife 
of 


No.  They  do  not  have  to  be  re- 
ported as  taxable  income. 

Eligibility  for  Benefits 

I  am  oyer  65  but  could  not  get  bene- 
fits under  the  old  law  because  I  did 
not  have  enough  quarters  of  coverage. 
Am  I  eligible  for  benefits  under  the 
new  law? 

If  you  are  over  the  age  65  and 
already  have  as  many  as  6  quar- 
ters of  coverage  you  can  get 
benefits  under  the  new  law. 

Tm  63  years  old  now  and  haven't 
been  able  to  work  much  in  the  last 
few  years.  How  many  quarters  do  I 
need  to  be  eligible  for  benefits  when 
I  reach  65? 

Anyone  who  is  now  62  or  over 
can  get  benefits  if  he  has  as  much 
as  6  quarters  of  coverage,  earned 


you  may  be  eligible  for  much 
higher  benefits  under  the  new 
formula. 

What  about  people  who  aren't  yet 
62?  How  many  quarters  do  they 
need? 

The  general  rule  is  that  a  work- 
er must  have  half  as  many  quar- 
ters of  coverage  as  the  number 
of  calendar  quarters  elapsing 
after  1950  and  the  time  he  attains 
age  65.  Thus  a  person  who  is 
now  61,  and  consequently  will  at- 
tain age  65  in  the  second  half  of 
1956,  will  need  11  quarters.  As 
soon  as  a  person  has  40  quarters 
(that  is,  about  10  years)  he  is 
fully  insured  regardless  of  age. 
Quarters  earned  at  any  time— be- 
fore or  after  the  new  law— count 
toward  meeting  the  requirement. 


THE    CARPENTER 


13 


If  I  should  die  could  my  wife  and 
baby  get  benefits  even  if  I  had  not 
been  covered  for  10  years? 

Yes.  As  under  the  old  lav^, 
monthly  benefits  are  payable  to 
widows  and  young  children  if  the 
worker  was  "currently  insured" 
—that  is,  if  he  was  covered  for 
roughly  a  year  and  a  half  out  of 
the  three  years  before  his  death 
—even  if  he  did  not  meet  the 
stricter  requirements  for  old-age 
benefits. 

My  husband  is  unable  to  work  and  is 
dependent  on  me  for  support.  I  was 
told  that  he  could  not  get  any  bene- 
fits from  my  social  security.  Is  that 
still  true  under  the  new  law? 

No.  Under  the  new  law,  if  you 
are  eligible  for  benefits  at  age  65 
and  if  your  husband  is  dependent 
on  you  for  support,  he,  too,  can 
get  benefits  at  age  65.  Also,  if 
you  should  die  and  if  he  was  de- 
pendent on  you  at  the  time  of 
your  death,  he  can  receive  wid- 
ower's benefits  when  he  reaches 
age  65. 

I  am  a  married  woman  with  two 
children.  I  understand  that  under  the 
old  law  my  children  could  not  get 
any  benefits  from  my  social  security 
if  I  died  because  their  father  is  liv- 
ing with  them  and  supporting  them. 
Has  that  been  changed  under  the 
new  law? 

Yes,  under  the  new  law,  if  you 
are  "currently  insured"  when  you 
die— that  is,  if  you  have  worked 
for  roughly  a  year  and  a  half  out 
of  the  three  years  before  your 
death— your  children  can  get 
monthly  benefits  even  though 
they  are  living  with  and  being 
I    supported  by  their  father. 

What  will  happen  if  a  person  be- 
comes eligible  for  benefits  under  the 


new  law  but  does  not  apply  for  them 
right  away?  Will  he  lose  benefits  for 
the  months  before  his  application  is 
filed? 

Under  the  new  law  benefits  can 
be  paid  retroactively  for  six 
months  before  the  time  of  appli- 
cation. This  new  provision  does 
not  become  fully  effective, 
though,  until  March  1951;  appli- 
cations filed  before  that  time  can- 
not be  retroactive  before  Sept- 
ember 1950.  Under  the  old  law 
benefits  could  be  paid  retroact- 
ively for  only  three  months. 

I  understand  a  lump  sum  death  pay- 
ment is  made  in  all  cases.  Is  that  true; 
and  how  much  does  it  amount  to? 

Yes,  the  lump  sum  will  be  paid 
whenever  a  worker  dies  who  was 
either  fully  or  currently  insured. 
Under  the  old  law  it  was  paid 
only  if  there  was  no  one  immedi- 
ately eligible  for  monthly  bene- 
fits. It  will  amount  to  3  times 
the  workers'  "primary  insurance 
amount,"  or  between  $60  and 
$240,  depending  on  his  work  his- 
tory in  covered  employment. 

I  am  60  years  old  but  I  can't  work  be- 
cause I'm  permanently  and  totally 
disabled.  Do  I  have  to  wait  until  I'm 
65  to  get  benefits?  I'll  probably  be 
dead  by  that  time. 

The  new  law  does  not  provide 
for  payments  to  persons  under  65 
even  though  permanently  and  to- 
tally disabled.  Provisions  for  dis- 
ability benefits  were  recommend- 
ed by  the  President  and  adopted 
by  the  House  of  Representatives, 
but  were  rejected  in  the  Senate. 
Not  only  are  disabled  persons  in- 
eligible for  benefits,  but  their 
periods  of  disability  will  con- 
tinue, as  under  the  old  law,  to 
reduce   the  likelihood  that  they 


14 


THE    CARPENTER 


or  their  families  will  qualify  for 
benefits  at  age  65  or  death  and 
will  reduce  the  amount  of  the 
benefits  they  will  receive  (al- 
though this  effect  will  be  less 
severe  in  some  ways  because  of 
other  changes  in  the  law). 

Retirement  Test  . 

I  am  over  65  and  eligible  for  benefits 
but  couldn't  get  them  under  the  old 
law  because  I  am  working.  Can  I 
now  receive  benefits? 

Two  changes  have  been  made  in 
this  provision  of  the  law.  First, 
you  can  earn  as  much  as  $50,  in- 
stead of  $14.99  as  under  the  old 
law,  without  losing  benefits;  and, 
second^  after  you  reach  age  75 
you  can  get  benefits  regardless 
of  the  amount  of  your  earnings. 

Can  a  person  receive  monthly  insur- 
ance payments  if  he  has  income  from 
any  sources  besides  earnings  from 
work? 

Yes.  Once  a  person  has  qualified 
for  benefits,  he  may  receive  pay- 
ments even  though  he  has  in- 
come from  capital  investments, 
such  as  annuities,  rentals  from 
real  estate,  dividends  from  stocks, 
or  interest  on  bonds. 

I  retired  several  years  ago  and  have 
been  getting  benefits  under  social  se- 
curity. I  now  have  a  little  business 
of  my  own.  Will  I  have  to  give  up  my 
business  in  order  to  keep  my  benefits? 

If  you  are  75  or  over,  or  if  your 
business  is  in  one  of  the  profes- 
sional groups  still  not  covered 
(see  answer  to  question  5),  or  if 
you  make  less  than  $600  a  year, 
you  can  still  draw  benefits  each 
month. 

What  happens  if  I  make  more  than 
$600  a  year  from  my  business? 


For  each  additional  $50  or  frac- 
tion thereof  you  will  lose  one 
month's  benefit.  Thus,  if  you 
make  $675  you  will  lose  benefits 
for  1  month;  if  you  make  $825 
you  will  lose  benefits  for  5 
months;  and  if  you  make  $1,150 
or  more  you  will  lose  your  bene- 
fits for  the  whole  year. 

Miscellaneous 

How  much  will  the  new  program 
cost? 

It  is  estimated  the  new  program 
will  cost  in  the  long  run  a  total 
of  about  6  per  cent  of  taxable 
payrolls. 

If  I  pay  contributions  on  more  than 
the  maximum  amount  each  year  be- 
cause I  work  for  more  than  one  em- 
ployer, can  I  obtain  a  refund  of  the 
excess  contributions? 

Yes,  you  can.  You  can  file  a  claim 
for  a  refund  with  the  Collector 
of  Internal  Revenue.  Such  a 
claim  must  be  filed,  however, 
within  two  years  after  the  year 
in  which  the  wages  are  received 
with  respect  to  which  the  refund 
is  claimed.  The  new  law  pro- 
vides that  beginning  with  the 
year  1951  refunds  may  be  taken 
by  a  taxpayer  as  a  credit  against 
his  income  tax. 

Coverage  Of  The  Self-Employed 

How  much  will  a  self-employed  per- 
son have  to  contribute? 

Since  he  has  no  employer  to  con- 
tribute for  him,  his  rate  will  be 
%  of  the  combined  rate  on  em- 
ployer and  employee,  or  £¥4  per 
cent  until  1954. 

Are  all  self-employed  persons  cov- 
ered under  the  new  law? 


THE    CARPENTER 


15 


No,  the  following  groups  are  not 
covered:  farmers,  physicians, 
lawyers,  dentists,  osteopaths,  vet- 
erinarians, chiropractors,  optome- 
trists, Christian  Science  practi- 
tioners, architects,  naturopaths, 
funeral  directors,  professional  en- 
gineers, and  certified,  registered, 
licensed,  or  full-time  practicing 
public  accountants.  In  addition, 
other  self-employed  persons  are 
not  covered  unless  their  income 
from  self -employment  in  a  year  is 
$400  or  more. 

Do  self-employed  people  really  need 
social  security  coverage? 

Despite  the  traditional  belief  that 
the  independent  business  man  is 
able  to  take  care  of  himself,  sta- 
tistics indicate  that  the  self-em- 
ployed need  social  insurance  pro- 
tection as  much  as  any  other 
group.  In  1945,  a  relatively  pros- 
perous year,  one-half  of  all  urban 
self-employed  persons  had  net  in- 
comes of  less  than  $1,290,  as  com- 
pared with  a  figure  of  $1,615  for 
wage  and  salary  workers.  Accord- 
ing to  a  1944  survey  in  Phila- 
delphia, not  more  than  10  per 
cent  of  the  proprietors  of  unin- 
corporated businesses  could  ex- 
pect to  realize,  by  liquidating 
their  businesses,  enough  to  yield 
an  annual  income  of  $500.  Only 
about  one  self-employed  person 
out  of  five  has  any  supplemen- 
tary income  from  savings,  and 
most  of  these  receive  less  than 
$500  annually  from  that  source. 
It  is  clear  that  coverage  under 
old-age   survivors  insurance  will 

ibe  extremely  valuable  to  the  self- 
employed. 

I  am  the  owner  of  a  small  business. 
What  am  I  expected  to  do  under  the 
new   social    security  law— how   often 


do  I  pay  my  social  security,  how  do 
I  pay  it,  and  do  I  have  to  get  a 
number? 

You  will  report  your  self-employ- 
ment income  once  a  year,  and 
pay  your  social  security  contri- 
bution, when  you  file  your  in- 
come tax  return.  A  few  addition- 
al questions  will  be  included  in 
that  return  for  you  to  fill  in.  You 
must  also  get  a  social  security 
card  and  be  assigned  an  account 
number.  You  can  get  your  social 
security  number  at  any  field  of- 
fice of  the  Social  Security  Ad- 
ministration. 

I  am  self-employed  and  I  don't  intend 
to  retire  when  I'm  65.  Why  should  I 
have  to  pay  social  security  taxes  if 
I  can't  ever  get  any  benefits? 

You  or  your  family  may  get  bene- 
fits even  though  you  do  not  plan 
to  retire  at  65.  If  you  die  pre- 
maturely, your  widow  and  young 
children  will  be  eligible  for 
monthly  benefits,  and  even  if  you 
never  retire  you  can  receive  ben- 
efits at  age  75  regardless  of  your 
earnings.  Moreover,  even  if  now 
you  don't  intend  to  retire  at  age 
65,  your  health  or  other  circum- 
stances over  which  you  may  have 
no  control  may  require  you  to 
retire. 

How  will  prior  covered  employment 
affect  self-employed  people? 

Any  wages  a  self-employed  per- 
son previously  earned  in  a  job 
covered  by  social  security  will 
still  be  listed  on  his  social  secur- 
ity account.  These  previously 
earned  wages  will  help  to  estab- 
lish his  insured  statvis  and  will  be 
considered  in  determining  his 
benefits  or  those  of  his  survivors. 
His  self-employment  income  will 
be  credited  to  his  social  securi- 
ty account  in  the  same  manner. 


p 


LANE 


A  LITTLE  SHORT-SIGHTED 

There  seem  to  be  many  indications  that 
the  Post  Office  Department  is  about  ready 
to  restore  mail  ser\ice  to  its  former  high 
level.  More  and  more  people  are  becoming 
disgusted  with  the  curtailed  program  which 
the  Department  put  into  effect  earlier  this 
year  as  an  "economy"  move.  The  result  is 
greater  and  greater  pressure  on  Washing- 
ton for  a  restoration  of  decent  service.  Wash- 
ington observers  believe  that  the  Post  Office 
Department  is  about  ready  to  give  in. 

Whiile  everyone  is  strongly  in  fa\or  of 
greater  economy  in  government,  the  Post 
Office  Department's  drastic  cut  back  in  ser- 
\'ice  hardly  seemed  justified  in  view  of  the 
inconveniences  created  and  tlie  small  amount 
of  money  saved.  In  putting  into  effect  its 
curtailment  program  maybe  the  Post  Office 
Department  was  something  fike  the  bride- 
groom in  an  old  story. 

"Too  bad  about  oiu-  newly-wed  neigh- 
bors," said  Mrs.  Chatter.  "They've  only 
been  married  si.x  months  but  already  he  is 
beginning  to  find  fault  with  her  looks." 

"Why  I  thought  he  fell  in  love  with  her 
at  first  sight,"  remarked  Mrs.  Catty. 

"He  did,"  replied  Mrs.  Chatter,  "but  last 
week  he  discovered  he  needed  glasses." 


60.     -giSBzB-jss      ©I9SO   Ot^L    Stamwitz 

"My  dad  says  that  this  X  squared  is 
the  determining  factor  for  Labor- 
when  it's  put  on  a  baUot!" 


WILL  ROGERS  WAS  RIGHT 

Twenty-five  years  ago,  old  Will  Rogers 
said:  "Income  is  an  amount  of  money  which 
always  turns  out  to  be  less  than  your  ex- 
penses." 

This  month  that  definition  is  turning  out 
to  be  truer  tlian  ever  since  the  new  tax  pro- 
gram is  taking  an  even  bigger  bite  out  of 
the  old  pav  envelope. 

•  *     • 
WORSE    THAN  NOTHING 

For  the  fourth  straight  month  since  tlie 
start  of  the  shooting  in  Korea,  the  cost  of 
hving  has  continued  to  climb.  All  prices— 
especially  food  prices— are  passing  tlie  peaks 
established  during  the  war  years.  And  all 
indications  are  that  the  end  is  not  yet  in 
sight.  Economists  predict  that  the  inflation- 
ary spiral  will  increase  in  tempo  after  the 
first  of  tlie  year. 

Congress  has  failed  miserably  to  write  a 
decent  bill  for  stopping  inflation.  Too  many 
Tafts,  Wherrys  and  Hickenloopers  in  Con- 
gress were  opposed  to  clamping  down  on 
the  big  profits  business  is  reaping  out  of 
tlie  national  emergency.  The  control  bill 
they  passed  ties  wage  controls  to  any  at- 
tempt to  halt  runaway  prices.  Since  prices 
have  already  run  far  ahead  of  wages,  tlie 
measure  simply  insures  tlie  profiteers  a 
continuation  of  their  huge  profits.  As  far 
as  the  control  measure  goes,  it  sort  of  re- 
minds us  of  the  oldie  about  the  mission- 
ary. 

Awaking  one  m.oniing,  the  missionar>'  was 
horrified  to  find  his  native  cook  straining 
the  coffee  through  a  sock.  The  cook,  upon 
being  soundly  upbraided  by  the  man  of  the 
cloth,  looked  blank  for  awhile,  but  even- 
tually a  grin  spread  over  his  face. 

"No  need  worry,  Father,"  he  said.  "Me 
not  use  clean  sock." 

Moral:  Let's  all  keep  working  until  we 
elect  the  kind  of  Congress  that  will  really 
stop  inflation. 

*  *     * 
PROFESSOR  PAUP 

Coincidental  with  tlie  opening  of  the  new 
college  year.  Prof.  Joseph  Paup,  Dean  of 
the  School  of  E.xperience  at  the  College  of 
Hard  Knocks,  whipped  up  the  following 
Httle  gem  for  posterit>': 

"Many  a  man  who  thinks  he  has  a  clear 
conscience  merely  has  a  short  memory." 


THE    CARPENTER 


17 


MISSING  THE  POINT 

Although  organized  labor  has  been  doing 
a  fine  job  of  getting  people  registered,  a  re- 
cent survey  disclosed  that  millions  of  citi- 
zens were  still  unregistered  and  therefore  in- 
eligible to  vote.  The  man  who  thinks  his 
single  vote  isn't  important  and  taking  time 
to  register  is  merely  a  nuisance  sort  of  re- 
minds us  of  the  garage  mechanic  who 
watched  his  kids  pound  nails  all  over  the 
furniture. 

When  a  friend  asked,  "Isn't  it  expensive 
to  let  the  kids  play  that  way?"  the  mechanic 
answered,  "Heck,  no,  I  get  the  nails  whole- 
sale." 

The  way  it  looks  to  us  both  the  mechanic 
and  the  guy  who  does  not  register  miss  the 
main  point. 

*     *     * 
BUT  DON'T  CUT  THE  PROFITS 

Apparently  colored  television  is  still  a 
long  way  off.  For  several  years  colored  TV 
was  held  up  by  a  government  bureau  which 
was  trying  to  make  up  its  mind  as  to  which 
of  several  systems  should  be  adopted  as 
standard.  The  bureau  has  finally  made  its 
decision  but  the  set  manufacturers  are  now 
gumming  up  the  works.  They  do  not  want 
to  bother  with  color  so  long  as  the  boom  in 
sales  of  black  and  white  sets  continues  at 
its  present  terrific  rate.  Apparently  they 
want  to  make  sure  they  have  milked  every 
possible  dollar  out  of  ordinary  TV  before 
they  start  throwing  color  sets  on  the  market, 
sets  which  will  in  all  likelihood  make  pres- 
ent sets  obsolete  and  thereby  open  up  a 
whole  new  market. 

As  usual,  the  consumer  is  about  to  get  it 
in  the  neck  again.  The  government  is 
supposed  to  be  looking  after  his  interests. 
So  is  the  industry  association.  But  in  the 
long  run  old  John  Q.  Public  is  going  to 
get  it  right  where  tlie  chicken  got  the  axe. 
John  always  gets  lots  of  "protection"  until 
such  protection  starts  cutting  into  some- 
body's profits.    Then  it  is  another  story. 

And  this  brings  to  mind  an  old  one  about 
the  church  deacon.  One  Sunday  the  church 
was  filled  to  capacity.  To  avoid  embarrass- 
ment, the  pastor  had  a  deacon  stand  in  front 
of  tlie  door  with  a  sign  reading  "House 
Full".  However,  a  man  soon  dashed  up  and 
wanted  in.  The  deacon  explained  the  sit- 
uation, but  tlie  man  said  that  he  only 
wanted  in  because  he  had  to  see  a  friend  on 
a  life  and  death  matter.  He  was  so  insis- 
tent the  deacon  finally  let  him  in;  but  not 
before  he  warned:  "All  right,  you  can  slip 
in— but  Heaven  help  you  if  I  catch  you 
praying." 


A  GOOD  EXCUSE 

According  to  Sir  Harold  S.  Jones,  famous 
British  astrologer,  the  length  of  the  day  is 
changing  by  a  "thousandth  of  a  second  a 
century".  To  the  ordinary  layman,  this  does 
not  mean  very  much,  but  Sir  Harold  points 
out  that  a  change  even  as  minute  as  that 
may  seriously  upset  some  astronomical  cal- 
culations. 

Whether  the  day  is  getting  longer  or 
shorter,  the  famous  scientist  did  not  say. 
However,  we  are  certain  that  there  is  one 
group  in  the  United  States  which  is  defin- 
itely interested  in  finding  out.  If  the  Real 
Estate  lobby  can  definitely  establish  that 
the  day  is  getting  a  thousandth  of  a  second 
longer  every  century,  it  will  give  them 
another  swell  excuse  for  jacking  up  rents 
seventeen  and  a  half  per  cent. 

•     *     * 
POOR  HEARING 

An  elderly  woman  had  been  to  hear  her 
nephew  preach  for  the  first  time,  and  she 
thought  it  a  very  poor  sermon. 

Later  that  day  she  asked,  "James,  why 
did  you  enter  the  ministry?" 

"Because  I  was  called,"  he  answered. 

"James,"  said  the  aunt,  looking  solemnly 
at  him,  "are  sure  it  wasn't  some  other  noise 
you  heard?" 

A  lot  of  anti-labor  candidates  found  them- 
selves in  the  same  predicament  as  the  above 
preacher  on  November  8th.  What  they  mis- 
took to  be  a  call  from  the  people  turned 
out  to  be  bronx  cheer  from  the  voters. 


42.-gtgEE3-'»  ©  1950  ^C/^j^C  Stamuz/Tz 


"Miss  Reed,  your  union  contract 
says  you  must  give  thirty  days 
notice  before  you  strike." 


18 


Stupidity  Always  Loses 


FOR  REASONS  best  known  to  itself,  the  Russian  Embassy  in  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  publishes  a  bi-monthly  propaganda  magazine  known  as 
"USSR  Information  Bulletin."  How  and  where  it  is  distributed,  this 
journal  is  unable  to  say,  but  somehow  or  other  The  Carpenter  seems  to  have 
landed  on  the  free  list.  It  is  a  slick  paper  job  with  plenty  of  pictures.  Month 
in  and  month  out  it  extols  the  "glories"  of  life  under  the  Soviet  system  with 
a  stupidity  and  heavy-handedness  that  must  make  every  American  newspaper- 
man who  reads  it  shudder.  The  greatest  lack  of  the  magazine  is  imagination. 
Imagination  comes  from  free  thinking  and  where  there  is  no  free  thinking 
there  can  be  no  imagination.  In  the  same  humorless,  unimaginative,  stilted 
style,  one  article  after  another  pontificates  in  meaningless  statistics  about 
the  great  "progress"  which  Russia  is  making.  In  Russia,  where  thinking  has 
been  controlled  for  decades,  such  propaganda  may  be  effective,  but  in  Amer- 
ica where  people  are  accustomed  to  thinking  for  themselves  it  is  simply  stupid. 
As   an  example,   take   an   article 


which  appeared  in  the  September  8th 
issue.  With  a  straight  face  and  with- 
out the  hint  of  a  journalistic  smile  it 
tells  how  Russia  singlehandedly  licked 
Japan  in  World  War  II.  Realizing 
that  no  American  would  be  gullible 
enough  to  believe  that  propaganda 
could  be  that  stupid,  we  are  herewith 

reprinting  part  of  the  article: 
<■  *     *     * 

FIFTH  ANNIVERSARY  OF  VIC- 
TORY OVER  JAPAN 

By  B.  Karpovich 

On  September  2,  1945,  imperialist 
Japan,  the  ally  of  Hitler  Germany, 
signed  the  act  of  unconditional  sur- 
render. The  Soviet  Union  played  the 
decisive  role  in  this  historic  victory; 
it  exerted  tremendous  efforts  in  order 
to  rout  the  fascist  aggressors  and  se- 
cure peace  throughout  the  world. 

It  is  known  that  the  actions  of  the 
alHes  in  the  Pacific  for  a  number  of 
years  were  limited  to  naval  battles 
and  landing  operations  on  the  islands, 
and  the  tempo  of  these  operations 
was  not  too  high  at  that.    The  Allied 


Powers  planned  to  land  troops  on  the 
Japanese  islands  only  in  the  autumn 
of  1945  or  spring  of  1946.  According 
to  this  plan  military  operations  against 
the  Japanese  armies  on  the  vast  ter- 
ritory of  China,  including  Manchuria, 
were  to  be  postponed  to  the  summer 
and  Autumn  of  1946.  It  was  quite 
obvious  that  victory  could  not  be  at- 
tained over  Japan  without  routing  her 
on  land. 

True  to  its  obligations  as  an  ally 
and  desirous  of  cutting  the  time  of  the 
war,  reducing  the  number  of  casual- 
ties and  facilitating  the  speedy  re- 
storation of  general  peace,  the  Soviet 
Union  declared  war  on  Japan.  The 
Soviet  Government  considered  there- 
by that  this  policy  would  also  give 
the  Japanese  people  the  opportunity 
to  rid  themselves  of  the  horror  and 
destruction  experienced  by  Germany 
after  it  had  refused  to  surrender  un- 
conditionally. 

On  August  9,  1945,  the  Soviet  Far 
Eastern  troops,  under  the  command 
of  Marshal  Vasilievsky,  now  Minister 


THE    CARPENTER 


19 


of  the  Armed  Forces  of  the  USSR, 
launched  miHtary  operations  against 
the  Japanese  Kwantung  Army.  These 
operations,  begun  on  a  truly  gigantic 
scale,  developed  along  the  enormous 
front  of  more  than  4,000  kilometers  in 
length.  The  Soviet  troops  advanced 
simultaneously  in  three  directions:  in 
the  West,  from  the  Baikal;  in  the 
North,  from  the  area  of  Khabarovsk; 
and  in  the  East,  from  Primorye.  Large 
masses  of  troops,  thousands  of  Soviet 
guns  of  various  calibers,  and  thou- 
sands of  Soviet  tanks  and  planes  were 
put  into  action.  The  operations  of  the 
Soviet  troops  developed  according  to 
a  single,  carefully  elaborated,  har- 
monious plan. 

The  most  characteristic  feature  of 
all  these  operations  was  speed.  The 
Soviet  Far  Eastern  troops  fulfilled  the 
task  set  them  by  Generalissimo  Stalin 
in  some  two  weeks.  The  impetuous 
blows  delivered  by  the  three  fronts 
(army  groupings)  on  a  tremendous 
area  and  under  the  most  complicated 
geographical  conditions  literally 
wiped  out  the  defenses  of  the  Japan- 
ese troops  in  Manchuria  and  Korea. 
After  desperate  but  unsuccessful  coun- 
ter attacks,  the  Kwantung  Army  was 
forced  to  give  up  resistance;  it  laid 
down  arms  and  surrendered  to  the 
Soviet  troops. 

It  is  difficult  to  overestimate  the  sig- 
nificance of  this  victory.  The  picked 
divisions  of  the  Japanese  imperial 
army,  which  had  for  years  been  train- 
ing for  war  against  the  Soviet  Union, 
supported  by  17  strongly  fortified  are- 
as, were  put  out  of  action.  Imperialist 
Japan  found  itself  without  the  Kwan- 
tung Army  which  constituted  its  chief 
striking  force  and  last  reserve,  and 
without  the  Manchurian  industrial 
base  which  constituted  the  lion's  share 
of  its  war-industrial  potential.  Japan 
had  received  such  a  tremendous  blow 
that  she  was  no  longer  able  to  recover. 
The  Soviet  Union's  entry  into  the  war 


against  Japan,  the  rapid  off"ensive  of 
the  Soviet  Army  units,  and  the  rout 
of  the  major  forces  of  the  Japanese 

Army  forced  Japan  to  surrender. 

»    «    « 

Stupidity  always  Loses 

One  can  only  assume  that  the  pur- 
pose of  the  magazine  is  to  influence 
American  thinking  in  favor  of  the 
USSR.  If  this  is  so,  could  anything  be 
more  stupid  than  telling  Americans 
who  had  some  twelve  or  thirteen  mil- 
lion men  under  arms  all  over  the 
world  for  better  than  four  years  that 
their  efforts  meant  little  in  achieving 
victory  over  Japan?  All  the  men  who 
sweated  out  the  bitter  campaigns  from 
Guadalcanal  to  Okinawa  must  like  to 
read  that  they  played  only  a  secon- 
dary part  in  the  war.  The  untold  thou- 
sands of  mothers  and  fathers  who  gave 
up  sons  for  the  cause  of  victory  must 
appreciate  being  told  Russia  won  the 
war  singlehandedly.  And  the  millions 
upon  millions  of  workers  who  turned 
out  war  materials  in  endless  quanti- 
ties (eleven  billion  dollars  worth  of 
which  went  to  Russia)  must  dance 
with  joy  when  they  see  the  announce- 
ment that  Russia  considers  herself  the 
sole  victor  over  the  Japanese. 

Compare  this  heavy-handed  prop- 
aganda with  the  deft,  persuasive 
propaganda  American  public  relations 
firms  turn  out,  and  the  difference  be- 
tween Russia  and  America  becomes 
apparent  at  once.  In  America  there  is 
imagination  and  originality  even  in 
propaganda;  in  Russia  there  is  little 
save  a  dogged  effort  to  conform  with 
a  rigid  line  that  is  dictated  from  tlie 
top.  Therein  He  the  seeds  of  com- 
munism's eventual  demise.  Human 
beings  cannot  be  herded  like  swine  in 
their  thinking  for  any  length  of  time. 

And  just  to  keep  the  record  straight, 
Russia  fought  Japan  for  exactly  five 
days.  The  Russian  armies  began  mov- 
ing on  August  9th.  On  Aiigust  14th, 
the  Japanese  armies  laid  down  their 
arms  at  the  behest  of  the  Emperor, 


20  THECARPENTER 

although  formal  surrender  was  not  war,  Hiroshima  and  Nagasaki  had 
signed  until  September  2nd.  When  been  wiped  off  the  map  by  the  atom 
the  war  began,  Japan  had  the  second  bombs  and  three  quarters  of  the  en- 
greatest  fleet  in  the  world.  By  August,  tire  Japanese  land  army  had  been 
1945,  it  was  practically  all  at  the  bot-  killed,  captured,  or  harmlessly  isolat- 
tom  of  the  ocean,  thanks  to  American  ed  on  by-passed  Pacific  Islands,  Five 
gunnery  and  bombing.  The  Japanese  hundred  years  from  now  the  history 
air  force  was  also  the  second  might-  books  will  still  be  praising  the  brilli- 
iest  at  the  time  of  Pearl  Harbor,  but  ant  and  original  island-hopping  strat- 
by  August,  1945,  it  had  been  reduced  egy  of  the  United  States  and  her  Eng- 
to  a  few  suicide  planes.  By  the  time  lish-speaking  allies  as  the  greatest 
the    Russians    entered    the   Japanese  military  campaign  of  all  history. 


Full  Mobilization  Could  Lift  Nation's  Work  Force  to  70,000,000 


The  Nation's  total  labor  force,  which  includes  all  men  in  the  Armed 
Forces  as  well  as  all  men  and  women  who  are  working  or  seeking  work,  can 
be  expanded  to  about  70,000,000  if  the  need  arises. 

This  was  the  conclusion  reached  by  the  Labor  Department's  Bureau  of 
Employment  Security  after  a  careful  survey  of  the  potentialities  of  our  total 
manpower  supply. 

Using  April  1950  as  a  base  month,  the  Bureau  said  the  total  labor  force 
on  that  date  could  be  increased  by  5,600,000  to  a  total  of  69,100,000.  This 
would  be  accomplished  through  recruitment  of  workers  from  the  ranks  of 
housewives,  older  workers,  physically  handicapped  men  and  women  and 
other  workers  who  are  not  now  working  or  seeking  employment. 

The  Bureau  said  the  survey  showed  that  while  the  Nation  has  ample 
supplies  of  manpower  to  man  defense  plants  and  military  establishments  and 
provide  for  moving  the  strength  of  the  Armed  Forces  to  the  current  goal  of 
3,000,000,  man  power  shortages  would  develop  in  the  event  the  country  had 
to  mobilize  its  manpower  according  to  the  pattern  of  World  War  II. 

On  the  question  of  whether  the  Nation  has  the  manpower  to  meet  de- 
mands arising  from  the  defense  program,  the  Bureau  said  the  necessary  men 
and  women  for  the  Armed  Forces  expansion  and  defense  production  can  be 
found  among  the  millions  of  persons  who  are  now  employed,  the  unemployed, 
and  from  potential  \vorkers  now  outside  the  labor  force.  But  while  manpower 
is  available,  the  Bureau  said  the  task  of  getting  the  right  men  and  women  into 
the  right  places  would  be  difficult  and  complicated.  "The  Nation's  man- 
power potential,  in  case  of  war  or  other  emergency,  can  be  increased  in 
several  days,"  the  survey  said.  "It  can  be  increased  by  drawing  on  the  un- 
employed; by  recruiting  people  not  now  in  the  labor  force  from  their  homes 
and  schools  and  by  increasing  the  number  of  hours  worked  per  week."  In 
addition  the  labor  force  can  produce  a  vastly  expanded  volume  of  war  goods 
by  using  tlie  skills  of  workers  in  industries  converted  directly  to  wartime 
products  and  transferring  workers  from  curtailed  civilian  production  to  essen- 
tial production.  Still  another  step  to  be  taken  is  better  utilization  of  persons 
in  war  work. 


21 


Unions  Got  The  Book 


By  J.  C.  RICH,  Editor,  The  Hat  Worker 


• 


DESPITE  considerable  evidence  to  the  contrary,  the  fact  remains  that 
the  world  does  move.  What's  more  important,  ideas  move  and  peo- 
ple progress  by  virtue  of  these  ideas.  Otherwise  we  would  still  be 
living  in  servitude  to  kings,  lords  and  masters;  otherwise  we  might  still  be 
living  under  sweatshop  conditions  in  dread  of  the  whim  of  boss  and  straw 
boss.    As  did  'the  Philadelphia  cordwainers,  for  instance. 

Let  the  historians  and  the  lawyer  people  tell  you  about  celebrated  cord- 
wainers. Their  case  marks  a  milestone  in  the  journey  of  the  American  people 
from  the  concept  of  master  and  servant  to  that  of  full  equality  in  society. 
There  was   a  time  when  society,   as     — - 


then  organized,  considered  it  vicious 
and  illegal  for  American  citizens  to 
demand  a  raise  in  wages.  The  courts 
as  then  constituted  imposed  fines  and 
jail  penalties  for  the  offense.  That, 
at  least,  was  what  a  judge  in  the  Com- 
monwealth of  Pennsylvania  did  to  a 
group  of  stiiking  cordwainers.  He 
imposed  a  fine  on  them  and  directed 
that  they  be  jailed  until  they  paid  the 
fine  for  the  crime  of  demanding  the 
same  wages  as  fellow  craftsmen  ob- 
tained in  Baltimore  and  New  York. 

The  story  of  the  Philadelphia  cord- 
wainers has  been  told  many  times, 
but  rarely  as  effectively  and  with  such 
insight  as  in  the  book,  "Unions  Be- 
fore the  Bar,"  by  Elias  Lieberman. 
The  book  was  published  in  the  Spring 
of  this  year  by  Harper  &  Brothers 
and  seems  destined  to  become  one  of 
the  classic  works  on  labor  history. 
Don't  let  that  "classic"  tag  frighten 
you,  howe^'er.  The  book  is  as  read- 
able as  any  novel  and  is  certainly 
more  meaty  and  mind-nourishing 
than  most  works  of  fiction. 

As  a  philological  aside,  cordwain- 
ers had  nothing  to  do  with  cords  or 


cordage,  of  course.  They  worked  with 
leather  and  they  were  the  shoemakers 
and  bootmakers  of  that  day.  The  fine 
leather  of  those  times,  the  kinds  that 
were  used  for  the  uppers  in  shoes  and 
boots,  came  from  Spain,  and  the  tiad- 
ing  center  for  good  leathers  was  the 
Spanish  city  of  Cordoba.  Therefore, 
cordovan  leather;  therefore,  cordwain- 
ers. Similarly  many  of  our  members 
are  milliners  because  originally  the 
best  source  for  ribbons  and  feathers 
for  ladies'  hats  was  the  Italian  cit\^ 
Milan.  In  much  the  same  way  all  the 
hand- woven  straw  hat  bodies  that 
come  from  Central  America  are  call- 
ed Panamas,  although  they  ma\-  have 
seen  Panama  only  in  transit,  packed 
in  a  bale  for  the  export  trade. 

This  review  couldn't  possibly  tell 
you  the  story  of  that  early  attempt  to 
suppress  trade  unions  and  keep  the 
"lower  class"  in  their  place  as  well  as 
Elias  Lieberman's  book.  Briefly,  what 
happened  with  the  cordwainers  of 
Philadelphia  in  1805  was  that  they 
pulled  a  strike— they  called  it  a  "turn- 
out" in  those  da)s— for  a  slight  in- 
crease in  pay.    The  master  bootmak- 


22 


THE    CARPENTER 


ers  refused  the  raise  and  organized  to 
break  the  union.  They  did  it  not  by 
a  straight-out  contest  in  economic 
strength,  but  with  the  aid  of  the  law 
and  the  courts  of  the  time.  Eight 
of  the  strikers  were  indicted  on  the 
charge  of  "conspiracy"  and  were  sued 
under  no  law  of  Pennsylvania  or  the 
Federal  Go\'emment  but  under  what 
is  called  English  Common  Law.  The 
indictment  stated  among  other  things 
that  the  defendants  did  conspire  "un- 
justly to  exact  great  sums  of  money 
for  their  work  and  labour  to  the  dam- 
age, injury  and  prejudice  of  the  mas- 
ters employing  them.  .  .  ." 

A  dreadful  crime,  without  doubt. 
However,  there  was  no  American  law 
which  forbade  citizens  to  join  one 
another  in  a  societ)^  to  improve  their 
conditions.  The  English  Common  law 
was  pulled  in  by  the  short  hair  and, 
what's  more,  would  not  have  applied 
even  in  England  to  the  question  in 
dispute.  Nevertheless,  the  strikers 
were  found  guilt}'  and  penalized  for 
the  ofFense  of  joining  a  union  and  de- 
manding higher  wages  from  their  em- 
ployers. The  arguments  presented  by 
the  prosecution  145  years  ago  were 
ver}'  much  the  same  arguments  ped- 
dled by  Pegler  and  his  like  in  this  da\' 
and  a'ge.  The  judge  in  the  cord- 
wainers  case  said:  "Are  we  to  have 
besides  our  state  legislature  a  new 
legislature  consisting  of  journeymen 
shoemakers?  The  laws  of  tlie  journey- 
men leave  no  individual  at  libert\'  to 
join  the  societ}'  (the  union)  or  reject 
it.  They  are  not  the  laws  of  Penn- 
sylvania." Pegler  might  have  said: 
"The  unioneers  want  to  establish  a 
super-go\"emment  of  their  own.  They 
dragoon  the  faceless  slaves  into  tlieir 
sla^•e  camps,  called  unions,  and  exact 
tribute    from    them    against    their 

will.  .  .  r 

The  difference  betsveen  the  two 
Peglers,  145  years  apart,  is  that  while 

the  first  had  the  misht  of  g;overnment 


behind  him  to  impose  his  vile  notions 
on  the  working  citizenry,  the  second 
can  only  yap  at  the  heels  of  working 
people  and  raise  a  baying  and  a 
tumult  for  a  Taft-Hartley  law. 

The  progress  of  the  United  States 
of  America  from  the  concept  of  master 
and  servant  to  that  of  equals  in  soc- 
iety' for  all  citizenry  is  recounted  by  a 
series  of  key  court  procedures  against 
the  unions  of  various  stages  of  our 
national  development.  Elias  Lieber- 
man's  "Unions  Before  the  Bar"  spot- 
lights these  legal  proceedings  with 
the  understanding  of  a  labor  man  and 
the  insight  of  one  with  profound  res- 
pect for  the  philosophy  of  law.  Lie- 
berman  is,  of  course,  one  of  the  out- 
standing labor  la\v}'ers  of  our  time. 
He  began  his  career  as  a  worker  in  a 
dress  shop,  was  a  volunteer  in  the 
great  strikes  which  established  the 
needle  trade  unions  of  America,  was 
a  union  official  for  a  time,  studied  law 
and  became  one  of  its  most  thought- 
ful and  resourceful  practitioners.  All 
this  accumulated  knowledge,  experi- 
ence and  philosophy  of  life  is  brought 
to  bear  in  the  presentation  of  the 
main  argument  of  the  book,  the 
growth  of  the  nation  in  terms  of 
economic  and  human  welfare  from 
the  days  of  severe  restrictions  on  la- 
bor to  the  days  of  relative  freedom. 
The  corrollar)'  argument  is,  of  course 
that  the  courts  interpreted  the  law  op- 
pressively or  liberally  in  accordance 
with  the  changing  sentiment  of  the 
communit}'  and  the  relative  strength 
of  the  unions  and  tlie  organized  work- 
ing people. 

The  cases  chosen  by  Lieberman  for 
his  book  are  those  familiar  to  every 
law  student.  They  are  the  core  of 
every  textbook  on  labor  law.  The 
great  virtue  of  Lieberman's  book  is 
that  it  remo\'es  the  shell  of  legalistic 
sophistry  from  the  various  proceed- 
ings and  gives  us  the  meat  of  their 
human  and  social  significance.    That 


THE    CARPENTER 


23 


is  why  the  layman  can  derive  even 
more  nourishment  from  the  book  than 
the  lawyer,  although  many  a  profes- 
sional could  well  give  better  tone  to 
his  legal  muscles  if  he  digested  this 
work.  It  wouldn't  hurt  lawyers  one 
bit  if  they  learned  to  understand  what 
unions  are  all  about  and  how  they 
helped  advance  the  welfare  of  our 
nation. 

Inevitably  the  hatters  come  in  for 
their  share  of  attention  in  "Unions 
Before  the  Bar,"  The  Danbury  Hat- 
ters Case  is  one  of  the  highlights  in 
our  industrial  history  and  Elias  Lie- 
berman  devotes  a  full  chapter  of  dis- 
course and  comment  to  it.  Here  was 
a  perfect  example  of  the  perversion 
of  the  law  to  accommodate  the  hostile 
prejudices  against  labor  held  by  in- 
fluential segments  of  society.  Our 
Danbury  Hatters  were  prosecuted  un- 
der the  Sherman  Anti-Trust  Act,  a 
law  intended  to  curb  business  monop- 
olies and  never  meant  to  apply  to 
labor  at  all.  It  required  considerable 
jurisdical  strain  for  the  courts  to 
stretch  this  law  to  cover  labor.  Not 
only  did  the  courts  stretch  the  law 
but  they  applied  it  with  different 
measures  of  justice  to  the  defendants 
before  the  bar.  They  had  one  stand- 
ard of  justice  for  business,  which  was 
supposed  to  be  disciplined  by  the 
Sherman  Act  and  another  for  labor 
which  was  not  supposed  to  be  subject 
to  its  disciplines. 

Thus  in  the  case  of  such  a  business 
combine  as  the  American  Tobacco 
Company  or  the  Standard  Oil  Com- 
pany of  New  Jersey,  the  Supreme 
Court  found  them  to  be  in  restraint 
of  trade  and  therefore,  subject  to 
penalties  under  the  Sherman  Act. 
i  However,  the  Rule  of  Reason  was  to 
be  applied,  the  Court  stated,  and  only 
"undue"  or  "unreasonable"  restraints 
were  to  be  forbidden.  The  trusts, 
then,  got  away  with  a  mere  slap  on 
the   wrist  while    the    hatters,    whose 


strike  was  certainly  not  an  undue  or 
unreasonable  restraint  of  trade,  had 
the  book  thrown  at  them.  Similarly 
the  Supreme  Court  ruled  in  a  later 
case  that  price  fixing  was  not  in  re- 
straint of  trade  if  the  companies  en- 
gaged in  jacking  up  the  price  did  not 
include  all  the  firms  in  the  business. 
In  such  a  case  there  would  be  only 
partial  restraint  of  trade,  the  court 
said,  and  partial  restraint  was  not 
subject  to  the  Sherman  Act,  the  Su- 
preme Court  ruled.  However,  the 
union  hatters  of  Danbury  who  cer- 
tainly did  not  include  all  hatters  were 
penalized  even  for  a  minor  restraint 
of  trade. 

This  atrocious  perversion  of  justice 
brought  about  the  Clayton  Act  which 
specifically  excluded  trade  unions 
from  the  operations  of  the  anti-trust 
laws.  Did  this  stop  the  courts  from  is- 
suing injunctions  against  unions  on 
the  pretense  that  they  violated  the 
anti-trust  laws?  Not  at  all!  By  a  deft 
bit  of  pettyfogging  they  were  able  to 
evade  the  Clayton  Act.  It  was  not  un- 
til the  Norris-LaGuardia  Act  was 
passed  that  the  oppressive  rule  of  the 
courts  by  injunction  law  was  curbed 
and  democratic  legislative  law  was 
given  its  head.  Even  then  it  was  only 
after  the  NRA  and  the  Wagner  Act 
came  into  being  that  unions  finally 
won  their  place  in  the  sun  and  their 
accredited  acceptance  in  society. 

All  this  is  related  in  telling  and 
thought-provoking  detail  in  Elias 
Lieberman's  "Unions  Before  the  Bar." 
He  concludes  the  book  with  a  study 
of  the  Taft-Hartley  Act  which  he  en- 
titles "With  Malice  Toward  Labor." 
No  more  malicious  throw-back  to  the 
days  of  the  Philadelphia  cordwainers 
could  be  imagined  than  the  piece  of 
legislation  fabricated  by  Messrs.  Taft 
and  Hartley.  If  this  sort  of  legisla- 
tion is  permitted  to  stand,  the  prog- 
ress of  a  century  and  a  half  will  be 
largely  vitiated. 


Editorial 


More  Important  Than  Life  Itself 

All  indications  are  that  the  Korean  situation  will  be  well  in  hand  by  the 
time  this  journal  reaches  print.  For  a  quick  and  decisive  victor^'  in  Korea, 
we  will  all  be  thankful.  However,  the  end  of  hostilities  in  Korea  will  not 
mean  an  end  to  the  ominous  danger  which  threatens  the  free  world.  Korea 
was  but  a  feeler  put  out  by  the  Kremlin  octupus  to  test  the  strength  and  de- 
termination of  the  free  world.  That  we  gave  our  answer  with  a  display  of 
military  might  few  men  deemed  possible  on  such  short  notice  is  a  strong 
factor  for  lasting  peace,  since  force  is  the  only  language  which  those  who 
rely  on  force  for  retention  of  their  powers  can  understand.  Our  unequivocal 
answer  of  force  with  force  in  Korea  may  be  enough  to  discourage  communist 
aggression  in  other  parts  of  the  world.  But  no  one  can  be  sure.  We  dare  not 
take  another  chance. 

Those  who  are  at  the  helm  of  our  government  are  determined  that  we 
shall  never  again  be  caught  with  our  military'  plants  down.  The  greatest 
peace-time  military  mobilization  in  human  histor}'  is  now  under  way.  It 
will  call  millions  of  young  men  into  the  armed  services.  It  will  take  thousands 
upon  thousands  of  factories  out  of  civilian  production  and  put  them  into 
military  production.  It  will  raise  taxes  to  heights  undreamed  of  even  in  the 
bleakest  days  of  World  War  II.  But  if  all  these  sacrifices  can  stop  the  in- 
siduous  advance  of  communism  and  preserve  for  ourselves  and  our  children 
and  our  children's  children  a  way  of  life  in  which  freedom,  equality  and 
justice  remain  inviolate,  the  price  will  be  small  indeed.  In  his  opening  re- 
marks to  the  recent  Twenty-sixth  General  Convention,  General  President 
William  L.  Hutcheson  epitomized  the  situation  in  the  following  words: 

"Whatever  lies  ahead,  each  of  us  will  be  called  upon  to  make  extraor- 
dinary sacrifices  for  some  time  to  come.  We  must  be  prepared  to  make  them, 
for  in  a  world  shot  through  with  totalitarianism  and  force,  America  will  stand 
out  as  a  beacon  of  hope  for  oppressed  peoples  throughout  the  universe,  the 
same  at  it  has  for  the  last  175  years.  Nowhere  can  I  find  greater  inspiration 
than  in  the  immortal  words  of  Samuel  Gompers  who,  in  a  Labor  Day  ad- 
dress in  1918,  said: 

'It  is  a  very  serious  thing  to  ask  men  to  give  their  lives  for  the  determina- 
tion of  a  cause.  But  the  ideal  at  stake  is  more  than  life— it  is  that  which 
makes  life  worth  living. 

'We  are  winning  the  war  for  freedom— let  us  hold  steady  until  the  war  is 
won.' 

"We  in  the  labor  movement,  many  years  ago,  recognized  communism  for 
the  intolerable  slavery  which  it  really  is.  In  our  own  democratic  way  we 
met  the  menace  and  defeated  it.  We  must  now  give  to  all  who  care  to 
listen  the  benefit  of  our  experience  so  that  a  similar  housecleaning  can  be 
ejected  on  a  world-wide  scale. 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

"Free  men  in  a  free  nation,  we  have  won  for  ourselves  and  our  children 
an  undreamed  of  prosperity  and  security.  These  things  we  intend  to  hold. 
If  the  years  ahead  demand  sacrifice,  we  should  he  ready  to  do  whatever  is 
necessary  to  bring  that  about.  If  they  demand  self -discipline,  we  shoidd  be 
prepared  to  discipline  ourselves.  For  seventy  years  our  Brotherhood  has 
battled  unendingly  for  a  good,  secure  and  free  life  for  all.  In  the  years  to 
come  we  will  still  he  found  fighting  for  the  same  principles." 

Those  are  words  all  of  us  must  live  by.  No  sacrifice  is  too  great  if  it  pre- 
serves a  way  of  life  in  which  human  dignity  and  human  integrity  remain  the 
cornerstones  of  all  governmental  processes.  From  time  to  time  this  journal 
has  cast  a  critical  eye  at  the  monopolists,  the  profiteers  and  the  bureaucrats. 
It  has  pointed  up  the  injustices  and  inequalities  that  occasionally  still  creep 
into  our  economic  system.  But  for  all  that,  it  has  never  believed  anything 
but  that  the  way  of  life  we  have  developed  in  America  is  as  close  to  per- 
fection as  human  nature  can  get.  The  very  fact  that  a  small  labor  journal 
can  lift  its  voice  against  the  wealthy,  the  powerful  and  the  entrenched  with- 
out fear  of  reprisals  or  pogroms  constitutes  a  principle  worth  fighting  for  if 
necessary.   In  few  other  places  in  the  world  is  such  independence  permitted. 

Therein  lies  the  major  difference  between  democracy  and  totalitarianism. 
In  our  version  of  democracy  each  citizen  is  free  to  lift  his  voice  against  the 
things  he  considers  ills.  He  is  free  to  go  where  he  pleases,  work  where  he 
pleases  and  how  he  pleases,  and  best  of  all,  to  live  as  he  pleases.  In  a  total- 
itarian state— regardless  of  whether  it  is  called  communism,  or  fascism  or 
something  else— he  is  told  where  he  can  go,  how  and  where  he  can  work, 
and  how  he  can  live.  It  is  as  simple  as  this.  In  our  democracy,  each  man 
determines  for  himself  how  he  is  going  to  live  his  life.  In  a  totalitarian  state 
he  is  told  how  he  is  going  to  live.  If  he  disagrees,  he  faces  prosecution  as  an 
"enemy"  of  the  state.  That  the  state  is  supposedly  "the  people"  makes  the 
compulsion  no  more  palatable;  the  state  is  still  the  master  and  the  individual 
the  slave. 

For  a  few  years  or  even  a  few  decades,  life  may  be  hard  under  the  ur- 
gency of  making  America  impregnable.  But  to  the  average  citizen,  life  under 
totalitarianism  would  not  even  be  worth  the  living.  It  could  not  be  otherwise, 
for  America  (and  by  America  we  mean  Canada  as  well  as  the  United  States) 
was  built  and  populated  by  people  who  chaffed  under  the  Old  World  tyran- 
nies and  class  distinctions.  To  avoid  them  they  schemed  and  scrimped  and 
sacrificed  until  they  could  escape  to  America.  Here  they  found  what  they 
were  looking  for;  an  opportunity  to  plan  their  own  lives  and  to  live  them  ac- 
cording to  their  own  concepts. 

Millions  upon  millions  of  words  have  been  written  about  the  material 
advantages  of  our  way  of  life.  Basically  they  are  all  true.  We  do  have  more 
automobiles  and  bathtubs  and  refrigerators  than  any  other  people  on  earth. 
But  we  also  have  something  infinitely  more  important— the  right  to  call  our 
souls  our  own. 

Not  all  Americans  become  wealthy  or  even  well-to-do.  But  all  do  have  an 
opportunity  to  go  as  far  and  as  fast  as  their  individual  ambitions  and  abilities 
will  carry  them.  If  our  grandfathers  did  not  find  Indiana  to  their  liking, 
they  were  free  to  move  to  Missouri  or  Oklahoma  or  California  and  try  again. 
In  our  time,  i£  a  man  does  not  like  being  a  plumber,  he  can  try  being  a  grocer 


26  THE    CARPENTER 

or  a  vetemarian  or  a  farmer.  There  are  no  artificial  barriers  of  class  distinc- 
tion or  state-inspired  rules  to  stand  in  his  way.  If  he  wants  to  send  his  chil- 
dren to  college  or  buy  a  house  or  invest  in  a  car,  he  is  free  to  do  so  if  he  thinks 
he  can  swing  the  matters.  Nobody  guarantees  him  any  of  these  things;  but  he 
is  guaranteed  the  right  to  indulge  in  them  if  his  own  efforts  can  produce 
them.  This  is  the  important  thing.  Those  things  a  man  produces  for  himself 
he  enjoys  and  takes  pride  in.  A  man  who  buys  himself  a  cottage  keeps  it 
painted  and  the  lawn  trimmed  because  it  is  his  own.  Although  he  owns  the 
city  hall  in  the  same  sense  that  people  "own"  things  in  a  totalitarian  nation, 
he  never  bothers  doing  any  painting  or  lawn  trimming  around  the  city  hall. 

Although  it  is  by  far  the  most  vicious  and  ruthless,  communism  is  not 
the  first  Old  World  philosophy  to  threaten  the  liberty,  security  and  personal 
freedom  that  sets  America  apart  from  the  rest  of  the  world.  In  fact,  there 
has  never  been  a  time  in  American  history  when  Old  World  ideas,  based 
on  class  distinctions,  monopoly  control  of  industry,  and  special  privileged 
groups,  have  not  battered  away  at  our  new  concepts  of  equality  and  freedom. 
It  was  the  evils  heaped  on  the  colonies  by  English  monopolists  which  led 
to  the  revolution  in  1776.  Whether  in  France  or  England  or  Germany  or 
Spain,  the  trend  always  has  been  toward  a  controlled  economy  wherein  the 
production  and  distribution  of  wealth,  the  control  of  jobs  and  wages,  and 
the  operation  of  manufacturing,  commerce  and  industry  rested  in  a  few 
special  hands.  In  these  nations  it  was  economic  control  through  monopolies. 
In  Russia  it  is  political  control  through  force  and  the  police  state.  Both 
systems  are  far  removed  from  our  ideas  and  ideals  which  hold  that  all  citi- 
zens are  created  equal  and  entitled  to  equal  opportunity  in  a  free  society. 
In  his  thought-provoking  pamphlet  "Monopoly  or  Freedom",  George  F.  Meri- 
deth  states  the  case  as  follows: 

"The  New  World  represented  an  economy  of  abundance,  increased  pro- 
duction, efficiency,  and  large  turnover  at  competitive  prices.  The  Old  World 
was  the  symbol  of  predetermined  scarcity,  regulated  production,  inefficiency, 
and  low  turnover  at  controlled  high  prices.  The  New  World  believed  that  a 
workers  pay  should  be  in  proportion  to  his  productivity,  while  the  Old 
World  held  to  the  policy  that  the  reward  of  labor  should  be  held  to  an 
absolute  minimum." 

To  preserve  our  way  of  life  may  take  many  sacrifices.  Living  standards 
may  deteriorate  and  taxes  may  eliminate  luxuries,  but  no  cost  can  be  con- 
sidered too  high  for  preserving  the  principles  and  freedoms  upon  which  we 
lean  so  heavily.  As  Sam  Gompers  put  it,  the  thing  we  are  fighting  for  is  more 
important  than  life  itself— it  is  that  which  makes  life  worth  the  living.  We 
must  never  lose  sight  of  that  fact  whatever  the  future  may  hold. 


First  We  Must  Know  What  The  Problem  Is 

A  comprehensive  study  of  the  whole  range  of  old-age  pensions— including 
private  pension  plans,  business  and  industrial  pensions,  government  social 
security  and  veterans  pensions— is  to  be  undertaken  shortly  by  the  Twentieth 
Century  Fund.  That  such  a  study  is  long  overdue  is  denied  by  no  one.  In  the 
rapid  growth  of  the  machine  age  the  problems  of  older  workers  have  been 
all  but  overlooked.   Yet  the  machine  age  has  greatly  increased  the  problems 


THE    CARPENTER  27 

of  the  aged.  It  is  time  that  the  nation  got  a  clear  and  concise  picture  of  the 
overall  problem— a  prime  necessity  before  intelligent  remedial  steps  can  be 
taken. 

Preliminary  tabulations  of  the  1950  census  indicate  that  there  are  now 
close  to  twelve  million  men  and  women  in  the  nation  over  the  age  of  sixty- 
five.  This  is  a  good  deal  above  pre-census  estimates  and,  percentagewise, 
considerably  above  figures  of  previous  census  findings.  The  plain  facts  of  the 
case  are  that  more  people  are  now  reaching  old  age.  At  the  same  time,  the 
high  productivity  demands  of  the  machine  age  are  shrinking  job  opportunities 
for  older  workers.  Only  four  men  out  of  ten  above  the  age  of  sixty-five  are 
now  working.  For  woman,  the  figure  is  less  than  one  out  of  ten.  Of  the 
twelve  million  aged,  it  is  estimated  that  roughly  half  are  all  but  destitute  and 
therefore  dependent  upon  public  assistance,  relatives  or  charitable  gifts  for 
subsistence.    In  a  nation  as  enlightened  as  ours,  such  figures  are  alarming. 

The  new,  liberalized  social  security  bill  is  a  first  step  in  solving  the  problem 
of  our  aged.  However,  by  no  stretch  of  the  imagination  can  it  be  considered 
a  cure-all.  The  increased  benefits  in  the  new  measure  do  little  more  than 
catch  up  with  the  inflationary  spiral  which  has  shot  prices  upward  alarmingly 
in  the  past  ten  years.  The  problem  of  a  comprehensive,  workable  program  for 
taking  care  of  senior  citizens  is  still  as  pressing  as  ever. 

The  ramifications  to  the  senior  citizen  problem  are  myriad.  In  the  first 
place,  what  is  a  definition  of  an  aged  citizen?  Some  men  are  spry  and  capable 
at  seventy-five  and  others  are  old  at  sixty.  Setting  up  an  arbitrary  age  limit— 
whether  it  be  sixty-five  or  any  other  figure— and  calling  people  reaching  that 
limit  old,  is  silly.  People  should  be  judged  according  to  their  capacities  rather 
than  according  to  the  number  of  birthdays  they  have  seen.  Second,  if  humanly 
possible,  job  opportunities  should  be  provided  for  all  people  for  as  long  as 
they  desire  to  work.  Age  may  slow  up  muscles  but  it  seldom  affects  brain 
power  and  know-how  until  dotage  sets  in.  The  happy  man  is  the  man  who 
can  keep  working  as  long  as  he  is  inclined  to.  Third,  people  must  be  encour- 
aged to  provide  their  own  security  by  systematic  saving  in  their  active  work- 
ing years.  There  is  no  security  comparable  to  that  which  a  person  makes  for 
himself  through  industry,  thrift  and  temperate  living.  Fourth,  the  cost  of  pro- 
viding security  for  our  aged  must  be  kept  within  the  bounds  of  the  ability  of 
the  working  force  to  pay. 

Before  any  long  range  planning  can  be  undertaken,  a  clear  picture  of  the 
whole  situation  must  be  prepared.  It  is  sincerely  to  be  hoped  that  the  survey 
being  undertaken  by  Twentieth  Century  Fund  will  meet  this  need  adequately. 
Once  all  the  facts  are  known,  remedial  measures  can  probably  be  worked  out. 
In  the  meantime,  every  citizen  ought  constantly  to  bear  in  mind  that  old  age 
is  a  personal  problem  with  him.  Depending  on  any  means  other  than  personal 
thrift  and  wise  planning  for  security  in  old  age  is  illusionary  and  dangerous. 
What  a  man  acquires  and  sets  aside  by  his  own  efforts,  no  one  can  take  away 
from  him.  What  politicans  and  pension  programs  promise  him  can  vanish 
unexpectedly  and  oftentimes  tragically.  Self-reliance  is  still  the  surest  bet 
for  abiding  security. 

• 

The  Loopholes  Should  Be  Plugged 
The  problem  of  what  chemicals  should  be  permissable  for  use  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  processed  foods,  and  how  such  foods  should  be  labeled,  has  long 


28  THE    CARPENTER 

held  the  interest  of  the  House  Select  Committee  to  Investigate  the  Use  of 
Chemicals  in  Food  Products.  Off  and  on  the  committee  has  been  holding 
hearings  for  many,  many  months.  All  indications  are  that  many  more  hearings 
will  be  held  before  any  recommendations  are  forthcoming. 

Recently  a  nutrition  expert  who  spent  all  his  working  years  to  date  in- 
vestigating processed  foods  and  their  effects  on  human  health  testified  be- 
fore the  committee  and  made  some  startling  disclosures.  For  one  thing,  the 
food  expert.  Dr.  Clive  M.  McCay,  Cornell  University  professor,  disclosed 
that  many  cola  drinks  extensively  distributed  today  are  powerful  enough  to 
erode  the  Capitol  steps.  He  told  of  tests  made  at  the  Naval  Research  In- 
stitute wherein  "the  molar  teeth  of  rats  are  dissolved  down  to  the  gum  line 
if  rats  are  well  fed  but  given  nothing  to  drink  except  cola  beverage  for  a 
period  of  six  months."  He  also  told  of  experiments  with  extracted  human 
teeth  in  which  the  enamel  wore  off  completely  after  prolonged  immersion  in 
cola  drinks.  The  phosphoric  acid  in  the  drinks  brings  about  these  unhealthy 
results.  Dr.  McCay  indicated. 

Loopholes  in  the  present  Pure  Food  and  Drug  Act  which  many  nu- 
tritionists and  food  experts  want  plugged  are  the  ones  which  permit  packers 
to  use  untested  chemicals  in  their  products  and  ones  which  keep  the  public 
generally  ignorant  as  to  what  is  contained  in  the  foods  they  are  swallowing. 
Bread,  on  which  he  spent  many  years  of  research,  is  a  good  example  of  the 
way  in  which  chemicals  are  used  to  make  a  cheaper  product  appear  like  a 
better  one,  according  to  Dr.  McCay. 

Dr.  McCay  told  how  "in  England  more  than  a  century  ago,  when  wheat 
crossing  the  Atlantic  often  moulded,  it  was  common  practice  to  mill  this 
wheat  and  then  treat  it  with  alum  or  copper  sulfate  to  make  a  flour  that 
resembled  that  from  sound  \vheat.  In  those  days  flour  was  commonly  di- 
luted with  white,  ground  gypsum  which  the  chemist  knows  as  calcium  sul- 
fate. Today  we  still  allow  alum  as  a  conditioner  for  flour  and  most  of  us 
probably  ate  some  ground  calcium  sulfate  in  our  breakfast  toast  or  roll.  This 
latter  was  probably  used  by  your  baker  under  the  name  of  yeast  food  and 
as  a  carrier  for  bromates  which  helped  the  baker  get  a  larger  loaf  volume." 

The  Cornell  food  expert  wants  not  only  the  list  of  ingredients  printed  on 
the  food  container,  but  also  he  wants  the  amounts  of  each  given.  "We  don't 
want  a  pinch  of  milk,"  he  said,  "we  want  six  per  cent."  The  inferior  bread 
now  being  sold  hurts  working  people  most,  he  pointed  out,  because  working 
people  use  most  of  it  because  of  its  cheapness.  Furthermore,  he  sees  no 
excuse  for  the  rising  cost  of  bread  since  "the  triple-enriched  bread  being 
used  in  New  York  state  mental  hospitals  and  schools  costs  only  one-half 
cent  more  than  the  worst  bread  to  make." 

Food  processors  and  the  chemical  firms  which  sell  them  millions  of  dol- 
lars worth  of  chemicals  yearly  are  opposed  to  any  changes  in  the  present 
law.  Dr.  McCay  and  a  host  of  other  experts  think  the  Act  should  be  amend- 
ed so  that  people  can  tell  exactly  what  they  are  eating.  From  where  we  sit, 
it  appears  Dr.  McCay  is  on  solid  ground.  Human  health  is  too  precious  to 
entrust  to  the  hands  of  food  processors  whose  foremost  motive  is  to  make  a 
profit.  If  they  are  half  as  proud  of  their  products  as  they  claim  to  be  in  their 
advertisements,  they  should  be  willing  to  list  not  only  the  ingredients,  but 
also  the  quantities  on  the  containers. 


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 

Qbnbbal  Office  :  Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


General  President 

WM.   L.   HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'  Building,   Indianapolis,   Ind. 


FiBST  General  Vice-President 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


Acting  Sbcretabt 

ALBERT    B.    FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 

JOHN   R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


Genebal  Treasttber 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Executive  Boabd 


First   District,    CHARLES   JOHNSON,    JR. 
Ill  B.  22nd   St.,   New  York  10,   N.   Y. 


Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBERTS 
3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second   District,    O.    WM.    BLAIBR 
933  B.   Magee,  Philadelphia  11,  Pa. 


Sixth   District,   A.    W.   MUIR 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District,   HARRY  SCHWARZER 
1248  Walnut   Ave.,    Cleveland,    O. 


Seventh  District 


Fourth    District.    ROLAND    ADAMS 
712   West  Palmetto   St.,   Florence,    S.   C. 


WM.  L.   HUTCHESON,   Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 


Report  of  the  Delegate  to  the  Sixty-fifth  Annual  Convention 
of  the  Trades  and  Labor  Congress  of  Canada 

Mr.  Wm.  L.  Hutcheson,   General  President. 
Dear  Sir  and  Brother: 

As  delegate  to  the  65th  Annual  Convention  of  the  Trades  and  Labor  Congress  of  Can- 
ada, I  submit  tlie  following  report: 

The  Convention  was  held  in  the  City  of  Montreal,  Quebec  from  tlie  lltli  day  to  the 
16th  day  of  September,  1950.  Six  hundred  and  seventy-nine  delegates  were  seated.  After 
the  invocation  the  Mayor  welcomed  the  delegates  to  Montreal. 

President  Percy  Bengough  opened  the  Convention  in  a  short  summary  of  activities  and 
progress  of  the  Executive  Council  in  the  past  year. 

The  Honorable  Milton  F.  Gregg  VC,  Federal  Minister  of  Labor,  addressed  the  Conven- 
tion. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Resolution  Committee  reported  some  214  resolutions  dealing  with 
such  matters  as  affiliations,  apprenticeship,  bill  of  rights,  cost  of  Uving  and  price  control, 
education,  foreign  trade,  health  and  safety,  hoUdays,  hours  and  conditions  of  employment, 
housing,  immigration,  income  tax,  international  affairs,  legislation,  national  disaster,  peace 
and  the  atom  bomb,  pensions,  pubhc  works,  racial  discrimination,  social  security,  imem- 
ployment  insurance  and  Workmen's  Compensation. 

Various  other  committees  reported  and  the  Convention  gave  due  consideration  to  tlieir 
reports. 


30  THE    CARPENTER 

The  Chairman  of  the  Manitoba  Flood  ReHef  Fund  gave  a  very  vivid  picture  of  the 
work  his  committee  accomphshed  and  he  indicated  that  the  trade  unions  had  subscribed 
some  $750,000.00.  Special  mention  vv^as  made  to  the  $50,000.00  donated  by  the  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America.  The  Chairman  of  the  aforementioned 
brought  the  vi'holehearted  thanks  of  the  people  of  Manitoba  to  the  convention. 

Fraternal  Delegate  was  elected  to  the  British  Trade  Union  Congress,  also  a  Fraternal 
Delegate  was  elected  to  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  Convention, 

The  following  ojfficers  were  elected  for  the  ensuing  term: 

President  P.  R.  Bengough 

Secretary-Treasurer,  G.  G.  Cushing 

Vice-President  for  Maritimes  J.  A.  Whitebone 

Vice-President  for  Quebec  C.   Jodoin 

Vice-President  for  Ontario  W.  Jenoves 

Vice-President  for  Prairie  Provinces  C.  A.  Berg 

Vice-President  for  British  Columbia  B.  Showier 

Fraternal  greetings  were  extended  from  the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  as  well  as 
from  the  British  Trade  Union  Congress. 

Several  changes  were  submitted  to  the  Convention,  amending  sections  of  the  Constitu- 
and  Laws  of  the  Canadian  Trades  and  Labor  Congress  and  the  adopted  sections  to  be 
amended  are  as  follows: 

That  Section  5,  Article  V  be  amended  to  read  as  follows: 

"Section  5— No  organization  or  person  which  has  seceded  from  the  Congress,  or 
which  has  been  suspended  by  the  Executive  Council,  or  which  has  been  expelled  by 
the  Congress,  or  which  has  been  suspended  by  or  expelled  from  an  International  or 
National  Union,  or  any  other  body  affiliated  to  or  chartered  by  this  Congress,  who 
while  under  such  penalty,  shall  be  allowed  representation,  hold  office  or  have  recog- 
nition in  this  Congress  or  in  any  Trades  and  Labor  Council,  Joint  Council,  or  Fed- 
eration of  Labor  chartered  by  this  Congress  under  penalty  of  the  suspension  of  the 
organization  violating  this  provision  of  the  Constitution. 

"No  organization  officered  or  controlled  by  Communists  or  members  of  the  Labor 
Progressive  Party,  or  any  person  espousing  Communism  or  advocating  the  violent 
overthrow  of  our  institutions  shall  be  allowed  representation  or  recognition  in  this 
Congress  or  any  organization  chartered  by  it." 

That  the  second  paragraph  of  Section  6  of  Article  V  be  amended  to  read  as  follows: 
"Section  3— All  delegates  must  be  members  of  an  affiliated  organization  for  at 
lea^t  twelve  months  prior  to  and  at  the  time  of  election.  This  shall  not  apply  to 
bodies  organized  or  affiliated  to  this  Congress  less  than  twelve  months.  All  dele- 
gates representing  a  Trades  and  Labor  Council  or  Federation  of  Labor  must  be 
members  of  a  local  union  affiliated  with  the  Trades  and  Labor  Congress  of  Canada." 

As  mentioned  preWously,  President  Percy  Bengough,  who  officially  opened  the  Conven- 
tion, made  particular  mention  as  to  an  anti-Communist  policy  of  the  Canadian  Trades  and 
Labor  Congress  and  which  policy  was  adopted  by  the  65th  Annual  Convention. 

Gordon  Cushing,  General  Secretary-Treasurer  gave  a  detailed  report  of  the  financial 
statement,  as  well  as  a  report  indicating  that  the  Congress  is  composed  of  2,704  Local 
Unions  in  all  parts  of  Canada,  60  Trades  and  Labor  Councils  and  5  Provincial  Federations 
of  Labor.  The  2,704  Local  Unions  as  per  the  report  of  membership  of  June  30th,  which 
is  the  fiscal  year  end,  totalled  497,418  members. 

Likewise,  the  report  of  the  Secretary-Treasurer  shows  70  International  Unions;  5  Na- 
tional Unions  and  10  Provincial  Organizations.  It  was  also  reported  that  during  the  year 
35  Local  Unions  were  chartered  by  the  Congress. 

In  conclusion  my  report  by  no  means  covers  every  detail  of  the  said  Convention,  but 
highlights  tlie  important  matters. 

I  considered  it  a  privilege  to  represent  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Join-    i 
ers  of  America  at  the  65th  Annual  Convention  of  tlie  Canadian  Trades  and  Labor  Congress. 

With  best  wishes,  I  remain 

Fraternally  yours,  s/W.  L.  KNIGHT. 


^n   0iietntfrtHtn 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them, 
Not  dead,  just  gone  before; 


They  still  live  in  our  memory, 
And  will  forever  more. 


The  Editor  has  been  requested  to  publish  the  names 
of    the    following    Brothers    who    have    passed    away. 


JAMES    ADAMSON,    L.    U.    237S,    Wilmington, 
Cal. 

WILLIAM   ARBER,  L.  U.  440,  Buffalo,   N.   Y. 

CHARLES  BALL,  L.  U.  16,  Springfield,  111. 

W.    H.    BOWYER,   L.    U.    1207,    Charleston,    W. 

Va. 
W.    A.    BROWN,    L.    U.     1207,    Charleston,    W. 

Va. 
L.  S.  BRUNNER,  L.  U.  2288,  Los  Angeles,   Cal. 
BENJAMIN    A.   BURGESS,  L.   U.   30.   New  Lon- 
don,   Conn. 
C.  B.  DAVID,  L.  U.  2119,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
REGINALD  DILLINGHAM,  L.  U.  601,  Hender- 

son,   Ky. 
JOHN    C.   DOUGLAS,   L.   U.  226,   Portland,   Ore. 
F.  J.   DYE,   L.  U.   225,   Atlanta,  Ga. 
ROBERT  F.  EDWARDS,  L.  U.  225,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
CARL    ERICKSON,   L.   U.    184,   Salt    Lake    City, 

Utah. 
R.  A.  FARMER,  L.  U.  2375,  Wilmington,   Calif. 
J.   E.  FISHER,   L.  U.   226,   Portland,   Ore. 
LEE  FOLSOM,   L.  U.  2375,   Wilmington,   Calif. 
W.   C.   FOWLER,   L.   U.   225,   Atlanta,   Ga. 
H.   P.   FRIDAY,    L.   U.    2261,   Ft.   Myers,    Fla. 
LONNIE  G.  GARNER,  L.  U.  817,  Bessemer,  Ala. 
JOHN    C.    GONCALVES,   L.   U.    301,   Newburgh, 

N.   Y. 
ARTHUR   L.   GRAY,   L.   U.   226,   Portland,   Ore. 
RICHARD   HAGLUND,  L.  U.  2065,  Iron  Moun- 

tain,   Mich. 
MICHAEL  HARKISS,  L.  U.  2288,  Los  Angeles, 

Calif. 

WILLIAM  ELI  HAYNES,  L.  U.  1469,  Charlotte, 

N.  C. 
|(   G.  B.  HENDRICKS,  L.  U.   1207,  Charleston,  W. 

Va. 
OSCAR   HODGSON,   L.U.    16,   Springfield,    111. 
JOHN    HOFFMAN,    Sr.,    L.   U.    246,    New    York, 

N.   Y. 
FRITZ    B.    HOLMQUIST,    L.   U.    1606,    Omaha, 

Nebr. 
JOHN   HUBERT,   L.   U.  2119,  St.  Louis.   Mo. 
FORREST    L.    JOHNSON,    L.    U.    109.    Sheffield, 

Ala. 
BEN   B.   JONES,   L.   U.   225,  Atlanta,   Ga. 
FREDERICK    LEROY    KENT,    L.    U.    30,    New 

London,    Conn. 
AXEL  KNUDSEN,  L.  U.  787,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
GEORGE  KROETTCH,  L.  U.  322,  Niagara  Falls, 

N.  Y. 


EUZEBE    LAMONTAGNE,   L.   U.   801,   Woon- 

socket,    R.    I. 
CHAS.   LANDECK,   L.  U.  2288,  Los   Angeles, 

Cal. 
JOHN   ODA   LAXSON,  Sr.,  L.  U.    109,   Sheffield, 

Ala. 
CARL  L.   LOCKWOOD,  L.  U.  225,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
PETE  LOUTENSOCK,  L.  U.  184,  Salt  Lake  City, 

Utah 
MATTHEW  J.   LYMAN,  L.  U.  79,   New   Haven, 

Conn. 
ALEXANDER    McADAMS,    L,    U.    829,    Santa 

Cruz,    Calif. 
F.  E.  MABRY,  L.  U.     109,  Sheffield,  Ala. 
JOSEPH    L.   MARTIN,  L.   U.    1207,    Charleston, 

W.  Va. 
HERMAN   S.   MILLER,  L.   U.   225,   Atlanta,   Ga. 
E.   G.   MOORE,   L.  U.   1822,  Ft.   Worth,  Texas 
IRA   MOORE,  L.  U.  2119.  St.  Louis.  Mo. 
SAM   MORROW.   L.  U.   1673.   Morganton.  N.   C. 
GEZA   NOGA,  L.  U.  337,  Detroit,   Mich. 
Y.  NORDLOF,  L.  U.  226,  Portland,  Ore. 
JOSEPH  ONG,  L.  U.   1207,  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
JULIUS    PERZENTKA,    L.    U.   1367,    Chicago, 

in. 

GEORGE   PETZING,  L.  U.  440,   Buffalo.  N.  Y. 

HARRY   POLLARD,   L.  U.  226,   Portland,   Ore. 

GROVER    PULLIAM.   L.    U.   2375,    Wilmington, 
Calif. 

OTIS  L.  ROMANS.  L.  U.  948.  Sioux  City,   la. 

OTTO  ROMO,  L.  U.  2065,  Iron  Mountain,  Mich. 

WALTER   RUCKER,   L.  U.  226,   Portland,  Ore. 

ANTHONY  RYDLEWSKI,  L.  U.  2375,  Wilming- 
ton,   Calif. 

B.  C.  SMITH,  L.  U.  1098,  Baton  Rouge.  La. 

HAROLD   STAPLETON,   L.  U.   11,   Cleveland, 
Ohio 

ALEXANDER    STEWART,    L.    U.    27,    Toronto, 
Ont.,    Can. 

JOHN   H.  STILL  WELL,  L.  U.  4,  Davenport,   la. 

GEORGE   STONUM,   L.   U.   943,   Tulsa,   Okla. 

HARRY  B.  STRAIGHT,  L.  U.  67,  Boston,  Mass. 

ELMER   B.  TUPPER,   L.  U.  335,  Grand   Rapids, 
Mich. 

THOMAS  E.  WATTS,  L.  U.  101,  Baltimore,  Md. 

A.  R.  WEARING,  L.   U.   1822,  Ft.  Worth,  Texas 

W.  E.   WELLS,   L.   U.   225,   Atlanta,   Ga. 

WM.    YOUNG,   L.    U.    226,   Portland,    Ore. 


THE  LOCKER 


By  JOHN  HART.  Local  Union  366,   New  York,   N.  Y. 


BRICK  BONDS-BRICK  JOINTS-BRICK  TYPES 

A  carpenter  who  wishes  to  know  more  about  building  construction  than  is  covered  by 
his  own  trade  may  find  this  article  helpful.  We  don't  claim  it  to  be  technically  100  per 
cent  correct.  It  is  compiled  for  those  whose  knowledge  of  brickwork  is  not  extensive.  It 
deals  mainty  as  a  matter  of  interest  with  brick  bonds  as  shown  in  the  wall.  The  real 
structural  bond  built  into  tlie  wall  is  a  subject  for  somebody  more  expert  to  write  about. 


FIG. 


RUNN^G 


FIG.  1  Except  for  the  starter  in  alternate  comrses  this 
bond  consists  of  all  stretchers.  It  is  used  mainly  on 
facing,  veneer,  or  cavity  walls.  When  used  on  the 
latter  it  is  bonded  with  metal  ties  laid  across  the 
bed  joints,  one  to  about  every  3  square  feet.  Some 
codes  permit  this  bond  in  a  bearing  wall  if  metal 
ties  are  used. 


-^^r''":.\^$'-\'^x'|  t-\'^^^^-v|  ^^■^^^^  -.v'^^'-'n'.'! 


PVfr.X       AMERlCAN.CMMnw»*> 


FIG.  2  Many  building  codes  call  for  the  equivalent  I 
to  a  full  header  course  every  6  coiurses.  This  bond  \ 
just  complies  with  that  law.  It  is  made  up  of  & 
courses  of  stretchers  and  1  course  of  full  headers,  j 
The  starter  in  the  header  course  is  a  three-quarterj 
brick.  This  is  about  the  only  bond  used  in  this  sec- 
tion nowadays. 


:mm^m:'^::W:m^ 


'^^--f:  .'   .  ■  •  ^^^ 


m^pU^VMV::  .'-^ifm 


bi'iirmmy'/M^^^m^m^m^' 


FI&3   COMMOMI-FLEM\SH 


FIG.  3  When  a  code  calls  for  4  per  cent  of  the  wall  !l 
surface  to  be  full  headers  this  bond  is  good  enough, 
even  if  6  courses  of  stretchers  are  used.    The  bonding 
coiurse  is  laid  Flemish  style,  alternate  stretchers  and  j 
headers.    The  starter  in  this  course  is  always  a  three-  I 
quarter  brick.    This   is   the   common  bond  in  many 
sections. 


Fifr.A    FLE.MISH 


FIG.  4  This  bond  is  easy  to  lay  and  can  be  made 
into  many  varied  designs.  It  is  made  up  of  alternate 
stretchers  and  headers  in  each  course.  The  starter 
in  alternate  courses  is  most  often  a  three-quarter 
brick.  This  bond  was  used  quite  a  lot  in  this  section, 
but  gave  way  in  recent  years  to  the  American  bond. 
You  can  guess  why. 


v'.-'-vr:''  v.v-^-.'-V; 

lUillilllH 

-y^^fy^mm.-^ 

lilllilltll 

K>^yHK-:^>r4-::;-:1lll|lli|||r-:-vr--v\;:::y| 

J-:^^^^:::Illlll)llll'r 

lilllDI   1 

;;>:;:;  :a.:^,  ,  .;,-:■.  -  ::.r;  ||iii)|ii|||:v-  .^^.u;  ,:..v,v:-^.;;| 

'^r-'ftiUdiHiiii^-. 

lUlilliill 

Hjiiih      ■    • 

fios  DOUBLE    FLEMISH    ' 

FIG.  5  The  word  double  refers  to  the  double  stretch- 
er which  is  tlie  feature  of  this  bond.  To  give  the 
effect  of  one  long  stretcher  it  should  really  be  laid 
witli  a  blind  joint.  The  joint  is  omitted  in  the  draw- 
ing to  show  the  idea.  But  a  blind  joint  is  apt  to  leak 
so  the  full  cross  joint  is  generally  used. 


jEL 


±JL 


J^^i 


RG.fe    ENGUSH 


FIG.  6  This  is  the  common  bond  in  England.  It 
consists  of  alternate  courses  of  stretchers  and  headers. 
The  second  brick  in  the  header  course  is  a  Queei. 
closer.  This  forms  what  is  called  an  English  comer. 
If  a  tliree-quarter  brick  is  used  to  start,  it  is  a  Dutch 
corner.   This  looks  three  times  stronger  than  our  bond. 


THE    CARPENTER 


33 


FIG.  7  This  is  often  called  the  English  Cross  bond. 
But  the  stretcher  course  starts  with  a  three-quarter 
brick,  so  it  is  not  laid  English  fashion,  as  shown  in 
Fig.  6.  The  separate  and  distinct  Cross  pattern  is 
formed  by  shifting  the  stretchers  in  alternate 
courses  half  a  lap,  and  using  a  half-brick  closer. 
Note,  that  unlike  the  English  bond,  all  stretchers 
do  not  line  up. 


•     1      1      isve^  .    1      1      1 

1      i-.-v:.r|             1 

:      1        1         \^-::\ 

V^M^\ 

1    ;?^   1 

t^::>.k-^:A 

^^l      .h      It^l' 

^        T:y^ 

■-.;,r>-..K^iv^.f^?|-,    ■:      1-        : 

■  ..;I;>:'.|.--  Ik:.l        V  1-     1  . 

v.,ul|l-.       .1        ^r 

v^l-               h 

Fio,7    DUTCH 


FIG.  8  A  garden  wall  is  usually  built  8  inches 
thick  of  cheap,  common  brick,  2  sides  showing 
good.  Cheap  bricks  vary  in  length  so  all  headers 
must  be  picked  for  size.  To  save  labor  as  few 
headers  as  possible  are  used.  The  three-stretcher 
bond  shown  is  also  called  the  Sussex  bond.  Two 
and  four  stretchers  are  often  used  also. 


PW^. 


^m 


y-yy'--:\m^^^:^^xy^:<mm^>M>':-' 


^::.v.ir^'ii(^ 


FvGft  GARDEN    WALL 


FIG.   9  Also  called  Block  bond.    Used  in  panels 
and  small  dreds  for  decorative  effect. 
FIG.  10  Used  to  build  a  curved  wall  vidth  a  short 
radius.    Three-quarter  starter  breaks  the  joint. 


~y~pHr^ 

\\  1-  ■ 

BBS               |.        J          i^ 

\          1          f.        I 

^w        1     !•:    1 

FtG.9  CH^CKERBOARO  \O.RUMW\M(J  He^O£R 


FIG,  11  This  type  of  hollow  wall  is  called  Ideal 
All-Rolok.  We  don't  know  why  Rolok,  except  as 
it  might  be  connected  with  rowlock,  which,  strictly 
speaking,  is  a  row  of  bricks,  and  not  a  particular 
type.  An  8  inch  wall  built  with  this  bond  has  SV2 
inch  space  between.    Bricks  are  laid  on  edge. 


1 


mjmm^m 


y/j  i  *  ,">  iM  -  ' 


i 


m 


mm^ 


vviM  ROLOK-HOaOW  WALL 


FIG.  12  FLUSH,  mortar  shced  off  with  trowel. 
STRUCK  and  WEATHER,  formed  with  trowel  tip. 
CONCAVE  and  V,  formed  with  jointer  or  job- 
made  tool.  RAKED,  scraped  out  with  a  sort  of 
router.  STRIPPED,  a  strip  is  laid  on  edge  of 
under  course.  Mortar  is  laid  flush  behind  it.  Strips 
taken  out  after  mortar  has  set.  TAPPED,  mortar 
is  struck  off  flush.  Bricks  are  tapped  to  force  out 
mortar  shghtly. 

FIG.  13  A  STANDARD  BRICK  is  2y4x3%x8 
inches.  A  jumbo  brick  is  2%  inches  thick.  Five 
courses  of  jumbo  equal  6  courses  of  standard, 
which  is  why  tliey  are  so  much  used  today.  Closers 
are  bricks  cut  to  close  the  course.  A  QUEEN  is  a 
brick  split  along  its  face.  A  SOAP  or  split  is  a 
brick  reduced  to  half  its  thickness,  and  is  used 
to  bring  a  cotxrse  up  to  line.  A  KING  closer  is 
miter-clipped  to  show  a  2  inch  face.  SOLDIERS 
are  used  ornamentally  in  various  parts  of  a  wall. 
ROWLOCK  headers  are  seen  in  sills,  arches,  belt 
courses,  and  header  courses.  Any  corner  brick  is 
a  QUOIN.  STRETCHERS  lie  lengdiwise  along 
the  wall,  HEADERS  crossvidse.  A  FLATTER  is  a 
brick  set  on  its  long  edge  often  used  in  small 
designs.  Half  a  brick  or  more,  either  broken  or 
clipped,  is  a  bat,  also  known  as  brickbat. 


FLUSH     STRUCK    V/E^THtR    CONCAXJt 


RAKeO  STR\PPE:D      V  TAPPt"L) 

Fio.»i      BR\CK    JOIWTS 


FULL  BRKtC.QUE£l\i.S>OA'?.  KmO 


3/4Qv>omaRicK_ 


SOUO\ER.S"tRe.T<;.HtR.He/K0ER. FLATTER 

n^,3  SRicKTYPES^  ^^.syo  s-.yfo;;-), 


CorrospondoncQ 


This  Jovimal  is  Not  Responsible  for  Views  Expressed  by  Correspondents. 

BAKERSFIELp  DEDICATES  FINE  NEW  HOME 

Labor  Day  evening,  Sept.  4th,  Local  No.  743,  Bakersfield,  Cal.,  dedicated  its  new 
hall,  bringing  to  a  climax  a  dream  of  many  years. 

J.  R.  Copeland  acted  as  master  of  ceremonies  and  introduced  various  County  and  City 
dignitaries.  Edward  Newton,  Field  Representative  of  the  Apprenticeship  Training  Program 
and  long  a  member  of  the  Brotherhood,  deHvered  the  principal  address. 

Frank  West,  an  old  timer  himself,  intro- 
duced a  group  of  18  old  timers  whose  total 
membership  totaled  in  excess  of  700  years. 
This  Hst  included  William  Bestor,  Jack 
Krough,  George  Hoendervoogt,  E.  E.  Hohn, 
S.  G.  WiUiams,  Bob  McKayl,  Tom  Foley, 
Robt.  Nelson,  Ted  Conarty,  Frank  West, 
Jack  Richardson,  Clyde  Allen,  E.  E.  Tolle 
and  Wm.  Bryan. 

Mrs.  Robert  Pentzer  -with  a  group  from 
tlie  Modern  Dance  Studio  furnished  entertainment,  including  songs,  tap  and  modem  danc- 
ing. The  Kellog  Trio,  whose  father  is  a  member  of  743,  presented  songs  and  instrumental 
numbers.    Sandwiches  and  pimch  were  served  by  Ladies  Auxiliary  No.  232. 

After  the  entertainment  tlie  auditorium  was  cleared  of  chairs  and  the  orchestra  of 
Brother  Jo  Guthrie  took  over  and  furnished  music  for  tlie  dance  wliich  carried  on  until 
after  midnight. 

• 

LOCAL   543  JOINS   GOLDEN  CIRCLE 

Recently  Local  Union  No.  543,  Mamaroneck,  N.  Y.,  celebrated  the  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  its  founding  with  a  dinner  at  Lawrence  Inn  on  East  Boston  Post  Road.  Some  400 
members,  friends  and  guests  were  on  hand  to  help  tlie  union  take  proper  notice  of  its 
completion  of  fifty  years  of  service  to  the  carpenters  of  the  community  and  to  tlie  com- 
munity itself.  Following  a  fine  dinner,  many  dignitaries  from  both  within  and  without 
tlie  labor  movement  paid  high  tribute  to  the   great  accomplishments  of  Local  No.   543. 

Featured  speaker  was  Brother  Charles  Johnson,  Jr.,  General  Executive  Board  mem- 
ber, who  not  only  congratulated  tlie  officers  and  members  of  tlie  union  for  the  great  rec- 
ord which  they  have  written  into  the  history  books  of  organized  labor  but  also  admonished 
tliem  to  keep  eternally  vigilant  lest  anti-labor  legislation  tear  down  everything  that  has 
been  built  up  tlirough  years  of  struggle. 

Robert  Bowker,  president  of  the  Carpenters'  District  Council,  traced  the  growth  of 
the  local  union  to  its  present  membership  of  300.  He  also  referred  to  the  fact  that  car- 
penters are  getting  today  as  much  for  one  hour's  work  as  they  got  for  one  day  50  years 
ago. 

John  S.  Sinclair  expressed  the  best  wishes  of  the  Building  and  Construction  Trades 
Council  of  which  he  is  president. 

Super\asor  Owen  A.  Mandeville,  who  was  introduced  as  a  former  member  of  Local 
Union  543,  said  that  die  organization  "has  done  a  great  job,  not  only  for  yourselves  but 
for  your  folks." 

Mayor  B.  J.  Santoro  thanked  the  carpenters  and  joiners  "for  helping  to  make  Mama- 
roneck tlie  friendly  village  it  is." 

Louis  R.  Tolve,  business  agent,  who  served  as  toastmaster,  paid  tribute  to  Alfred  Bull, 
only  surviving  charter  member,  who  was  warden  when  the  local  was  organized  with  16 
members  in  1900. 

Guests  at  the  speakers  table  were  Village  Manager  Wilham  H.  Johnson,  Judge  Henry 
Homidge,  Andiony  PosiUipo,  Port  Chester  trustee;  John  B,  Holand,  Mamaroneck  trustee; 


THE    CARPENTER  35 

H.  Richmond  Campbell,  editor  and  general  manager  of  The  Daily  Times,  and  Super- 
\isor  Salvatore  Tocci  of  New  Rochelle,  who  congratulated  the  local  for  its  50  years'  pro- 
gress. 

Also  introduced  were  leaders  of  delegations  from  local  unions  in  Port  Chester,  Yonkers, 
Jamaica,  White  Plains,  New  Rochelle,  New  York  City,  Mount  Vernon,  Mount  Kisco,  the 
Carpenters'  District  Council  of  Westchester,  the  Building  and  Construction  Trades  Council 
of  Westchester,  the  Mamaroneck  painters  and  hodcarriers  unions.  New  Rochelle  Plod  car- 
ries Local,  Pipe  Fitters  of  Westchester,  Putnam  and  Dutchess  Counties  and  the  lathers' 
local  of  White  Plains. 

Mr.  Tolve  was  chairman  of  the  anniversary  committee  which  included  Mr.  Decea, 
John  C.  Zeh,  Harold  Mellor,  Fred  Liihrs,  William  Lagani,  Edward  Giampoli,  James  Cum- 
ming,  Leonard  Turso,  Jr.,  Michael  Tohve,  Patsy  Bernabei,  Rocky  Del  Porto,  Santa  Fiore, 
Jesse  F.  Griffen,  Charles  Doria,  Anthony  Macri,  Ernest  Tolive  and  Victor  Carpinelli. 

• 

BAYONNE  MARKS  50th  BIRTHDAY 

In  1899,  a  small  group  of  craftsmen  banded  together  and  applied  for  a  charter.  Thus 
Local  Union  383  of  Bayonne,  New  Jersey  was  born.  Through  all  these  years  the  mem- 
bers have  cherished  this  charter,  and  even  though  times  have  been  pretty  rough  and  mor- 
ale low,  by  sticking  together  as  a  unit  affiUated  with  the  United  Brotherhood,  Local  383 
has  come  out  on  top. 

Back  in  the  early  days  our  pioneers  toiled  10  hours  a  day  for  the  huge  sum  of  $1.50 
per  day.    Through  their  efforts  and  those  that  followed  in  their  footsteps,  we  are  proud  of 


Reading  from  left  to  right:  Seated:  Anthony  Brancia,  Secretary  of  Hudson  County  District 
Council,  Henry  Cook,  Business  Agent  Hudson  County  District  Council,  Louis  Botwinick, 
President  Local  Union  383,  Albert  Beck,  Jr.,  Business  Agent,  Hudson  County  District  Coun- 
cil, O.  Wm.  Blaier,  Board  Member  Second  District,  Raleigh  Rajoppi,  General  Represen- 
tative, Louis  Denerstein,  Financial  Secretary  Local  383. 

Standing:  Louis  Hyman,  Recording  Secretary  Local  383,  Harry  Greenblatt,  Outgoing  Vice- 
President,  Julius  Shapiro,  Conductor  Local  383,  Harry  Schanbaum,  Co-Chairman  of  Ar- 
rangement Committee,  Morris  Botwinick,  Delegate  to  District  Council,  Meyer  Wendroff, 
Treasurer  Local  383,  Meyer  Alenick,  Co-Chairman  Arrangement  Committee. 

our  conditions  today.  Our  pay  scale  is  the  highest  in  the  world— $3.00  per  hour,  a  7-hour 
day  ond  a  welfare  fund  paid  for  only  by  the  employer. 

On  July  8th,  1950,  Local  383  celebrated  its  50th  Anniversary  widi  a  roast  beef  dinner 
and  all  the  trimmings.  Although  there  are  no  charter  members  living  today,  many  real 
old-timers  were  present  on  diis  happy  occasion. 

The  invited  guests  included  Board  Member,  O.  Wm.  Blaier  and  Raleigh  Rajoppi, 
representing  General  President  William  L.  Hutcheson;  Alfred  Beck,  Jr.,  and  Henry  Cook, 
Business  Agents  of  the  Hudson  County  District  Council;  Anthony  Brancia,  Secretary  of 
Hudson  County  District  Council,  and  a  delegation  of  tliree  members  from  Local  1073  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  ten  members  from  Local  1782  of  Newark,  N.  J. 


36 


THE    CARPENTER 


GENEVA  GRADUATES   THREE  JOURNEYMEN 

From  border  to  border  and  from  coast  to  coast,  thanks  to  the  interest  of  Brotherhood 

local  unions,  finished  joume\"men  carpenters 
are  being  turned  out  in  adequate  numbers 
through  comprehensi^'e  and  efficient  appren- 
ticeship training.  Geneva,  N.  Y.  is  no  excep- 
tion. Recently  Local  Union  No.  187  award- 
ed ioume%-men's  certificates  to  four  young 
men  who  satisfactorily  fulfilled  the  required 
program  of  study  and  work  experience. 

Pictured  herewith  (left  to  right)  is  Wil- 
bert  Lemieux,  union  president,  handing  out 
certificates  to  graduate  apprentices  Gerald 
Morley,  Dale  Shaw,  and  Charles  PhiUips, 
Brothers  Shaw  and  PhilUps  also  received 
New  York  State  apprenticeship  certificates. 


ST.  JOHN  HOLDS  FIRST  GR.ADUATION  CEREMONT 

Before   a  large   gathering  of   guests    and  members.    Joiunie>Tnan   Carpenter   Certificates 
were   awarded  to   seven  candidates   who  had  successfully   completed  their  apprenticeship 
training.    The  presentations  were  made  by  the  Honorable  S.  E,  Moores,  Minister  of  Labor, 
Pro^■incial  Government,  who  congratulated  the  new  jommeymen  and  stressed  the  impor- 
tance  of  the   Building  Trades  to   the 
whole  hfe  of  the  communib,'. 

The  meeting  was  addressed  also  by  Mr. 
John  Flood,  President  of  Canada's  oldest 
construction  company  and  the  local  rep- 
resentative of  the  Canadian  contractors' 
Association.  Brother  N.  Jessome,  a  past 
President  of  Local  1386  and  the  union, 
representative  on  the  provincial  appren- 
ticeship committee,  (of  which  he  is  chair- 
man) gave  a  talk  on  apprenticeship  train- 
ing. Addresses  were  also  gi^•en  by  itr. 
George  Mehin,  Secretary'  of  the  Prov. 
Branch  of  the  Canadian  Federation  of 
Labor,  and  by  Mr.  A.  E,  Skaling,  Presi- 
dent of  the  St.  John  Trades  and  Labor 
Council. 

The  speakers  were  introduced  by  the 
President  of  Local  1386,  Hugh  McGill, 
who  presided  over  the  meeting. 


Front  Row,  Left  to  Righ:  E.  L.  McGinnis,  Finan- 
cial Secretary  and  Business  Agent  of  Local  1386, 
Apprentices  R.  McDonald,  George  H.  Newall,  L.  W. 
McCumber,  J.  R.  McClusky,  Joseph  A.  Arseneault, 
Hctrold   Floyd   and   E.   Hughes. 

Back  Row,  left  to  Righ :  Herbert  Jessome,  Past 
President  of  Local  13S6  and  local  representative  of 
Prov.  Apprenticeship  Training  Committee;  Hon.  S. 
E.  Moores,  Minister  of  Labor,  Prov.  Gov.,  Hugh 
McGill,  President  Local  1386;  John  Flood,  Presi- 
dent Flood  Construction  Company  and  District 
Representative  of  Canadian  Construction  Associa- 
tion; A.  E.  Skaling,  President  St.  John  Trades  and 
Labor  Council;  George  Melvin,  Secretary  Prov. 
Branch     Canadian    Federation    of    Labor. 


As  each  new  joimie\Tnan  stepped  fon^"ard  to  receive  his  certificate,  he  was  introduced. 
to  tlie  Honorable  Minister  of  Labor  and  to  the  gathering  by  the  Local's  Business  Agent) 
and  Financial  Secretary^,  E.  L.  McGinnis.  ; 

On  behalf  of  the  Local,  the  candidates  were  presented  %\ith  a  Union  pin  by  the  Chair- < 
man  of  the  Entertainment  Committee.  | 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  moved  and  given  to  the  speakers  on  behalf  of  the  Local  by  the 
President  after  which  the  meeting  was  turned  over  to  the  Entertarament  Committee  which . 
had  a  pleasing  program  of  music  and  ventriloquism.    Community-  singing  was  enjoyed  after 
which  lunch  was  served  under  the  sponsorship  of  the  President  Elizabeth  Brown  and  the. 
entertainment  committee  of  the  Ladies'  Auxiliary  535. 

The  presentation  of  Certificates  to  the  members  of  Local  1386,  was  the  first  ceremony 
of  its  land  to  be  carried  out  by  any  Labor  organization  in  this  area,  and  the  candidates 
were  a  class  from  the  first  group  of  tradesmen  to  be  trained  vmder  the  guidance   of  tiie 


THE    CARPENTER 


37 


Prov.  Apprenticeship  Training  Branch  of  the  Department  of  Labor  of  the  Prov.   Govern- 
ment. 

Journeymen  receiving  Certificates  were:  Joseph  A.  Arseneault,  Harold  Floyd,  Philip 
Casey,  Jr.,  E.  Hughes,  J.  R.  McClusky,  L.  W.  McCumber,  V.  Mayo,  Robert  Woods,  J.  W. 
Cuirns,  R.  MacDonald  and  George  H.  Nevi^all.  All  are  veterans  of  World  War  II,  repre- 
senting all  three  branches  of  tlie  service. 


ISLIP  SPONSORS  FIRST  CLAM  BAKE 

With  a  fine  turn  out  of  members,  families  and  friends,  Local  Union  No.  357,   Islip, 
N.  Y.,  recently  sponsored  its  first  clam  bake  and  get  together.    Plenty  of  fine  food,  com- 


bined -with  a  great  program  of  entertainment,  made  the  event  an  unqualified  success.  In 
fact,  practically  all  w^ho  attended  are  in  favor  of  making  it  an  annual  aflFair.  As  the  smiles 
in  the  above  photo,  taken  at  the  clam  bake,  show,  the  members  of  Local  No.  357  know 
how  to  enjoy  a  good  time  as  efficiently  as  they  know  how  to  wield  the  tools  of  the  trade. 


MONTREAL  CARPENTERS  HONOR  THREE  FIFTY-YEAR  MEMBERS 

Many   members    of    Local   1244,    United   Brotherhood    of   Carpenters    and    Joiners   of 
America,  turned  out  on  June  29th  to  honor  three  of  their  brothers  who  had  been  mem- 
bers of  the  union  for  more  than  50  years.    Receiving  the  coveted  gold  buttons  of  the  Inter- 
national Brotherhood  signifying  50  years  or  more  of  continuous  membership  and  unfail- 
ing loyalty  were  William  R.  Johns,  Joseph 
Scruton  and  John  P.  Clancy. 

Local  1244  is  the  "League  of  Nations" 
of  the  Carpenters  and  the  labor  movement 
of  Montreal.  President  Shears  of  the  Local 
says  that  at  one  time  or  another  every  lan- 
guage and  national  group  has  been  repre- 
sented in  its  ranks. 

The  50-year  gold  buttons  were  presented 
as  the  gifts  of  the  Quebec  Provincial  Coun- 
cil of  Carpenters  by  Brother  Leopold  Fran- 
coeiu:. 

Gustav   Francq,   who  joined  the   Quebec 
Local    of    the    International    Typographical 
Union  in  1888,  was  guest  speaker  and  paid 
tribute   to  the   three   members    as    exempli- 
fying tlie  true  traditions  of  the  trade  union  movement.    He  also  did  honor  to  his  life-long 
friend,  the  late  Artliur  Martel. 

Brother  Johns,  Scruton  and  Clancy  began  tlieir  long  trade  union  careers  in  tlie  Amal- 
gamated Society  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners.  All  of  tliem  joined  this  British  international 
union  before  the  end  of  tlie  last  century.  When,  in  1925,  tlie  carpenters  in  Montreal  de- 
cided to  bring  the  membership  of  the  two  internationals  into  one  body  under  the  United 
Brotlierhood,  the  decision  was  reached  tliat  membership  in  tlie  Amalgamated  should  be 
carried  forward  in  the  new  local  vdthout  impairment. 

As  the  three  brothers  received  their  50-year  buttons  from  Brotlier  Francoeur  of  tlie 
Provincial  Council,  tliere  could  be  seen  members  of  the  Negro  and  Japanese  races  among 


38  THE     CARPENTER 

the  enthusiastic  and  cheering  membership.  When  the  conversation  between  the  members, 
broke  forth  again,  it  was  obvious  that  many  languages  were  being  spoken:  Among  those 
present  were  EngUsh,  Scots,  Irish,  Welsh,  Norwegian,  Swedish,  Danish,  Dutch,  Polish, 
Czech. 

President  Shears  told  us  that  often  he  had  had  to  have  an  interpreter  present  when  ad- 
ministering the  obligation.  He  could  not  understand  tlie  new  member's  language.  The 
new  member  could  speak  neither  English  nor  French.  Brother  Francoeur  says  he  needs 
a  working  knowledge  of  more  than  two  languages  to  carry  on  his  work  as  Council  Sec- 
retary. 

Brother  Eduoard  Larose,  International  representative,  and  newly-elected  Secretary  of 
the  Quebec  Provincial  Federation  of  Labor,  spoke  to  the  members  after  the  presentation 
had  been  completed.  He  told  the  members  of  the  continued  gro\\'th  of  the  Carpenters 
throughout  the  pro\'ince  and  of  the  continued  demand  for  additional  charters,  some  in 
the  far  comers  of  the  area. 

Brotliers  Johns,  Scruton  and  Clancy  also  received  gifts  of  cash  from  the  Local.  Said 
President  Shears,  "We're  paying  you  off." 


TWIN  CITY  UNIONS   WELCOME   203   GRADUATE   APPRENTICES 

Recently  the  Twin  Cit\'  Building  Trades  Joint  Apprentice  graduating  ceremony  was 
held  in  Coffman  Memorial  Union  on  the  campus  of  the  University  of  Minnesota  to  pay 
tribute  to  the  203  young  men  %vho  have  completed  their  apprenticeship  training  dming 
tlie  past  year.  Of  tliis  munber,  some  147  were  graduates  in  the  trade  of  carpentry. 
Starting  with  a  dehcious  steak  dinner,  the  entire  evening  was  devoted  to  honoring  the 
yoimg  mea  who  were  just  entering  joiirneyman  status  in  the  building  trades. 

Following  the  close  of  World  War  II,  the  building  tradesmen  of  the  Minneapolis-St. 
Paul  area  reahzed  that  sometliing  had  to  be  done  to  make  available  to  the  large  numbers 
of  returning  veterans  decent  training  which  would  enable  the  returned  service  men  to 
enter  honorable  trades  as  qualified  mechanics.  The  result  was  fonnation  of  the  Greater 
Minneapolis-St.  Paul  Area  Joint  Apprenticeship  Conference,  an  organization  in  which  the 
Twin  Cit>'  District  Council  and  affiliated  local  imions  played  an  important  part.  Against 
all  sorts  of  disheartening  odds,  the  Conference  began  mapping  out  plans  for  doing  the 
necessary  job.  That  the  efforts  were  not  in  vain  was  eloquently  attested  to  by  the  grad- 
uation of  203  well  qualified,  tlioroughly  trained  journeymen  at  tliis  year's  graduation 
exercises. 


GREAT  OLD  TIMER  OF  LOCAL  854  STEPS  DOWN 

Another  link  widi  the  early  struggles  of  the  United  Brotherhood  was  severed  when  J. 
Edward  Putz  resigned  as  President  of  Local  Union  No.  854,  Madisonville,  Oliio  to 
enter  the  Masonic  Home  at  Springfield  with  his  wife.  A  grand  old  timer  of  the  Ohio 
labor  movement,  Brotlier  Putz  served  as  president  of  Local  No.  854  for  the  past  twenty 
years  and  was  active  in  other  offices  for  thirty  years  prior  to  that.  In  all  of  the  struggles 
for  better  wages  and  working  conditions  down  the  years.  Brother 
Putz  has  always  been  in  the  thick  of  battle.  Courage,  unselfishness 
and  a  burning  desire  to  keep  his  union  strong  have  always  character- 
ized all  of  Brother  Putz'  years  of  service.  Probably  as  well  as  any 
man  in  the  middle  west  he  remembers  the  eventful  days  of  the  Eight- 
ies and  Ninties  when  tlie  Brotherhood  was  struggling  to  build  a  last- 
ing organization  against  tremendous  odds.  He  recalls  how  painfully 
*'  slow  was  the  growth  of  the  union  in  tliose  hard  days,  especially  outside 

the  larger  cities. 

However,  Madisonville  was  in  the  thick  of  the  union  picture  in 
those  days.  Local  No.  369  was  organized  arornid  1890.  For  several  years  it  flourished, 
but  the  prolonged  depression  from  1892  to  1896  forced  the  union  to  the  wall.  But  not 
for  long.  In  1901  Local  854  was  organized.  In  Jrnie  of  next  year  it  will  celebrate  its 
fiftieth  anniversary.  Of  tlie  twenty-three  names  which  appeared  on  its  charter  hst,  all 
but  tiaree  have  passed  away. 


THE    CARPENTER 


39 


Succeeding  retiring  President  Putz  in  Office  is  another  old  timer,  Brother  Ernie  Neu- 
bauer,  a  veteran  of  some  forty-eight  years  membership  in  the  union.  Having  joined 
Local  No.  327  in  April,  1902,  Brother  Neubauer  will  also  round  out  fifty  years  of  service 
to  his  union  in  a  little  over  a  year. 


TACOMA  MILLMEN  GRADUATE  TEN  APPRENTICES 


At  a  fine  banquet  tendered 
by  the  Joint  Apprenticeship 
Committee  on  June  2nd,  some 
ten  apprentices  who  successfully 
wound  up  their  four  years  of 
apprenticeship  training  at  the 
Tacoma  Vocational  School  re- 
ceived their  journeymen's  cer- 
tificates and  a  hearty  welcome 
into  Millmens  Local  Union  No. 
1689,  Tacoma.  Many  represent- 
atives of  the  Union,  the  employ- 
ers, and  public  school  officials 
were  on  hand  to  extend  the 
hand  of  fellowship  to  the  young 
men  who  displayed  the  neces- 
sary fortitude  and  determina- 
tion to  finish  the  prescribed 
apprenticeship    course. 

Formulating  Mill  men's  ap- 
prenticeship standards  has  been 
a  hard  and  exacting  job.  How- 
ever, under  the  chairmanship 
of  W.  H.  Hedburg,  business 
representative  of  Local  No. 
1689,  a  good  job  has  been  dcaie 
by  the  committee.  The  ten 
young  men  who  enter  the  trade 
as  fully  qualified  journeymen 
testify  to  the  eflFectiveness  of 
the    apprenticeship    committee. 


Lower,  left  to  right:  Joseph  Drazba,  Clyde  Rushton, 
George  Stevens,  Robert  Jordin.  Middle  row:  Vernon  Hague, 
George  Grimm,  Jr.,  Alan  Stevens,  Frederick  Koury,  Ralph 
Zander.  Top  row:  James  Berrens,  Union  member  Joint- 
Apprenticeship  Committee,  Arnold  Hagberg,  Union  Presi- 
dent; Harry  Daly,  Member  Joint- Apprenticeship  Committee; 
W.  H.  Hedberg,  Business  Representative  and  Chairman  Joint- 
Apprenticeship  Committee;  W.  L.  Duncan,  Receiving  Brother- 
hood certificate;  Arne  Skaugset,  Union  Member  Joint- 
Apprenticeship  Committee;  and  Charles  M.  Morgan,  Union 
Member  and  Instructor  of  Apprenticeship  Training. 


CLEVELAND  BROTHER  INVENTS   NEW  CHAIR 

Mr.  K.  K.  Kissell,  a  veteran  member  of  Local  No.  11  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  has  invented 
an  invalid  chair  which  he  calls  the  "Kissell  All  Purpose  Chair".    This  chair  can  be  used 

not  only  as  an  invalid  chair  which  is  its  primary 
use,  but  also  as  a  piece  of  porch  or  lawn  furniture 
simply  by  removing  the  large  wheels  and  replacing 
them  with  the  two  extra  small  wheels  in  front. 
The  chair  can  be  propelled  and  guided  by  the 
feet.  When  the  chair  is  used  as  a  carrier  it  can  be 
held  at  any  angle  desired  by  Va"  turn  on  the  lock 
rod.  The  spreaders  in  the  seat  are  2%"  below  the 
carpet  on  the  seat  which  prevents  all  parts  of  the 
body  from  coming  in  contact  witli  any  hard  sur- 
face. Brother  Kissell  has  not  as  yet  found  a  manu- 
facturer for  his  new  and  improved  invalid  cliair. 
Any  member  knowing  of  a  manufacturer  \\ho 
might  be  interested  in  making  the  chair  would  earn  the  gratitude  of  Brother  Kissell  by 
passing  tlie  information  on  to  him  at  P.  O.  Box  2772,  Cleveland  11,  Ohio. 

For  48  years   Mr.  Kissell  has  been  a  member  of  the  Carpenters  and  Joiners   Union. 
Above  is  a  snapshot  of  Mr.  Kissell  and. his  "All  Purpose  Chair." 


NORTH  PLATTE   AUXILIARY  CELEBRATES   FIRST  BIRTHDAY 


Auxiliary  No.  550,  North  Platte,  Neb.,  recently  celebrated  its  first  birthday  with  a  ban- 
quet and  get-together.  As  tlie  smiles  in  the  above  photo  taken  at  the  banquet  indicate, 
everyone  had  a  fine  time.  Auxiliary  members  and  tlieir  husband  are  eagerly  looking  forward 
to  more  such  affairs. 


BONNER  AUXILIARY  ADVANCING   STEADILY 

The  Editor: 

Greetings  to  all  Sister  AuxiUaries  from  Ladies'  Auxiliary  No.  492  of  Bonner,  Montana. 
We  would  like  to  take  tliis  opportunity  to  extend  a  cordial  invitation  for  visits  and  cor- 
respondence from  other  Auxiliaries. 

We  were  organized  on  October  12,  1947  and  received  our  charter  on  November  7,  of 
the  same  year.  We  are  very  proud  of  our  Auxiliary,  having  steadily  advanced  since  its 
organization. 

Our  Auxiliary  has  sponsored  several  benefits  and  donated  to  many  good  caioses. 

Our  meetings  are  held  in  the  Milltown  Library  each  month  and  every  other  month  we 
invite  our  husbands  to  lunch. 

We  are  now  putting  on  a  membership  drive  v^ith  high  hopes  of  doubling  our  present 
nmnber  of  members. 

The  following  members  were  elected  and  installed:  President,  Leona  Denning;  Vice- 
President,  Alvina  Hazelhurst;  Secretary,  Ellen  Cantrell;  Treasurer,  Lucille  Wagner;  Con- 
ductor, Marjorie  O'Hara;  Warden,  Ruth  Gendrow;  and  Trustees,  EHzabeth  Meade,  Cath- 
erine Towsley  and  Gerda  Nelson. 

We  would  like  to  express  our  appreciation  for  the  privilege  you  have  given  all  Auxil- 
iaries to  publish  their  letters  in  the  Carpenters'  Magazine.  We  enjoy  reading  the  letters 
and  have  gotten  a  lot  of  very  good  suggestions  from  other  Sister  Auxiliaries. 

Fraternally, 

Ellen  Cantrell,  Recording  Secretary 


Craft  Probloms 


Carpentry 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 
LESSON  266 
Simple  Application  of   Square.— Most  of 

the  applications  of  the  steel  square  are  rather 
simple— even  those  that  are  considered  dif- 
ficult by  the  ordinary  carpenter.  What  the 
carpenter,  particularly  the  apprentice,  should 
strive  for  is  the  skill  in  handling  the  square, 
that  will  eliminate  false  motions  to  the  ex- 
tent that  they  will  be  kept  as  low  as  pos- 
sible. In  order  to  do  this,  it  will  be  neces- 
sary to  study  new  movements  and  make 
them  deliberately  until  they  become  auto- 
matic. This  achievement  will  cost  mental 
effort  and  actual  practice  on  the  part  of 
the  student,  but  it  is  one  of  the  best  in- 
vestments he  can  make,  if  he  wants  to  be 
a  master  in  the  vise  of  the  steel  square. 

The   Square   Cut.— Fig.    1   shows   by  the 
upper  drawing  the  square  applied  to  a  2  x  4 


for  marking  a  square  cut  across  the  face. 
The  bottom  drawing  shows  tlie  square  ap- 
plied for  marking  a  square  cut  on  the  edge 
of  a  2  X  4.  These  two  applications  of  tlie 
square  are  perhaps  the  simplest  of  them 
all,  and  are  made  on  all  kinds  of  sawed 
ti:r-bers. 


Squaring  Openings.— Fig.  2  shows  to  the 
right  a  rough  door  opening,  framed  for  a 
2'  8"  by  6'  8"  door.  In  this  drawing  the 
square  is  shown  placed  in  the  left  corner 
to  test  the  squareness  of  the  opening.  The 
cross    section    of  the    opening,    to   the    left. 


Fig.  2 

shows  the  square  in  position  for  testing  the 
header  as  to  whether  or  not  it  joins  the 
studding  square  across.  Fig.  3  shows  three 
details,  somewhat  exaggerated,  of  out-of- 
square  opening  constructions.  At  A  tlie  heel 
of  the  square  does  not  contact  the  corner. 
At  B  the  heel  is  in  contact,  but  tlie  tongue 
of  the  square  is  flying  in  tlie  air.  At  C  tlie 
test  shows  a  cross  section  of  a  poorly  joined 
header. 

Sixteen-Inch  Spacing.— The  upper  draw- 
ing of  Fig.  4  shows  an  outside  2x4  plate  in 
part,  with  tlie  corner  studding  and  tliree 
wall  studding  in  place.  It  should  be  noted, 
that  the  first  space  is  measured  from  point 
A  to  the  center  of  tlie  first  wall  studding, 
and  following  diat  tlie  measuring  is  done 
from  center  of  studding  to  center  of  stud- 
ding. The  reason  for  starting  at  point  A  is 
that  when  die  latiier  butts  the  latli  against 
tlie  corner  studding,  tliey  will  center  tlie 
wall  studding  at  B.  The  bottom  drawing 
shovv's  tlie  same  plate  marked  for  tlie  corner 
studding  and  for  tlie  tiiree  wall  studding. 
The  square  is  shown  applied  for  marking 
the  second  space.  Notice  tliat  the  distance 
between  tlie  spaces  is  shown  as  14y2  inches. 
The   distance    between   tlie   studding  when 


42 


THE    CARPENTER 


they  are  in  place  is  only  14%  inches.  The 
reason  for  this  difference  lies  in  the  fact 
that  the  studding  materials  is  1%  inches 
thick.  For  measuring  the  spaces  for  1%- 
inch   studding,  use  the    14%-inch  point   on 


the  inside  edge  of  the  square,  which  will 
measure  the  distance  between  the  spaces, 
to  which  the  tongue  of  tlie  square  will  add 
IVz  inches,  making  the  16  inches.  The  top 
plate   is    shown  shaded,    placed   in   such   a 


Fig.  4 

way  that  the  two  can  be  marked  with  one 
operation. 

Two-Foot  Spacing.— The  upper  drawing 
of  Fig.  5  shows  a  plate  in  part,  witli  the 
corner  studding  in  place  and  two  of  the  wall 
studding.  Here,  as  in  the  sixteen-inch 
spacing,   the   first   space   is  measured   from 


point  A  to  the  center  of  the  first  wall  stud- 
ding. The  bottom  drawing  shows  the  same 
plate    marked    for    the    studding    and    the 


Fig.  5 

square  in  position  for  marking  the  second 
space.  The  top  plate  is  shown  and  placed 
in  such  a  position  that  tlie  two  plates  can  be 


Fig.  6 

marked  at  the  same  time.  The  distance 
between  the  marked  spaces  in  two-foot 
spacing  is'  22^/^  inches,  as  shown  on  the 
drawing,  while  tlie  distance  studding  is  22% 
inches,  when  lys-inch  studding  are  used. 


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THE    CARPENTER 


43 


Marking  for  Joists.— Fig.  6,  the  upper 
drawing,  shows  the  square  in  position  for 
marking  the  second  space  for  the  joists. 
It  should  be  noted  that  the  measuring  for 
the  first  space  is  done  from  point  A,  just  as 
it  was  in  spacing  for  the  studding.  The 
reason  for  this  is  to  bring  the  studding 
directly  over  the  joists.  This  is  shown  by 
the  bottom  drawing,  where  the  rough  floor 
is  in  place— also  the  foot  plate  and  the 
studding,  which  are  shown  in  part.  Com- 
pare and  study  the  two  drawings. 

Squaring  up  Joists.- Fig.  7  shows  two 
ways  to  apply  the  square  for  squaring  up 
joists.  The  upper  drawing  shows  the  square, 
as  it  were,  hooked  over  the  joist  and  the 
blade  resting  on  the  edges  of  two  joists. 
The  inside  edge  of  the  tongue,  in  this  case. 


Fig.  7 

contacts  the  joist  and  shows  whether  or  not 
it  is  square.  The  bottom  drawing  shows 
the  square  resting  on  the  spacing  board  and 
butting  against  tlie  joist.  Here  the  outside 
edge  of  the  tongue  contacts  tlie  joist,  show- 
ing the  squareness  of  the  joist,  or  the  lack 
of  it. 

Spacing  for  Ladders.— Fig.  8  shows  two 
views  of  the  uprights  of  a  12-foot  ladder. 


Fig.  8 

The  upper  drawing  shows  to  the  left  the 
square  applied  for  marking  the  third  space, 
and  to  the  right  the  square  is  shown  in 
position  for  marking  the  last  step.  It 
should  be  noticed  that  the  steps  are  spaced 
12  inches  from  top  to  top,  which  is  the 
standard   spacing  for   ladders.     The   bottom 


drawing  shows  how  to  square  up  a  ladder 
when  it  is  wider  at  the  bottom  than  at  the 
top.  Nail  the  first  and  last  steps  on  with 
one    nail    to    the    bearing.     Then    mark    the 


Fig.  9 


center  of  the  two  steps,  as  at  points  A  and 

B,  and  a  stretch  line  from  one  to  tlie  other. 

Apply  the  square  to  the  first  step  as  shown. 

When   the   blade   is   perfectly  parallel   with 

the   line,   the   ladder   is   square.     Ordinarily 

this   is    not   necessary,    but   in   cases   where 

accuracy  is  important,  this  is  a  good  way  to 

square   up  a  ladder.     Fig.   9   shows   details 

of  the  left  parts  of  the  drawings  shown  in 

Fig.  8. 

« 

Wants  to  Pass  It  On 

A  reader  wants  to  pass  on  a  method  of 
obtaining  bevels  for  braces. 

Fig.  1  shows  an  oblong,  6  feet  by  8  feet, 
that  is  to  be  held  in  a  square  position  with 
a  brace  cut  as  shown.  In  order  to  get  the 
right  bevel,  a  measuring  line  (chalk  line  will 
do)  should  be  made  on  the  material,  as 
shown  by  dotted  line  on  the  drawing.  To 
do  this  it  is  necessary  to  know  the  diagonal 
distance,  which  in  this  case  is  10  feet.  This 
distance  can  be  obtained  by  taking  6  squared 


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ARDEE  TOOL  GO. 


44 


THE    CARPENTER 


and  8  squared  and  extracting  the  square 
root.  A  more  practical  method  would  be  to 
transfer  the  distance  with  a  steel  tape  to  the 
brace  material,  marking  one  end  on  one 
edge  of  the  material  and  the  other  end  on 


Fig.  1 

the  other  edge,  as  indicated  by  the  dotted 
measuring  Hne  on  the  drawing. 

Fig.  2  shows  the  sqxiare  appHed  to  the 
measuring  line  of  the  brace,  shown  in  part, 
for  obtaining  the  bevel  of   one   end  of  the 


i'^> 


MASTER 
CARPENTERS  CHOOSE 


EMPIRE  LEVELS 


because  EilPEBE    LEVELS — are  the  stand- 
ard of  accuracy  «iti;  particular  craftsmen 
everywhere.      EMPIRE'S     intcrchang 

able,  easily-read  vials,  precision 

chined    edges    and    other    features 
are  built  for  job-proven  accurary. 
Try    tlie    popular   No.    151   Alu- 
minum ►Level — with    2    plumbs, 
2    levels,    and    2    Jo-degree    glasses. 
Priced  at  only  ?7..50  for  the  24"  length. 
See    your    local    dealer    for    the    right 
EMPIRE  for  your  job,  or  write. 


EMPIRE  LEVEL  MFG.  CO. 


Dept.    715,     10930    W.    Potter    Road,     Milwaukee     13,     Wi;:. 


Ai.' 


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with  an 


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S4. 95  each 


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prices  are  risins 
Cuts,  notches,  punches  aU  sizes  asbestos  siding  and 
shingles.  All  steel,  light  weight,  easy  to  operate.  Re- 
duced from  S11.95.  Guaranteed  against  defective  work- 
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order  for  postpaid  delivery,  or  send  $1.00  and  pay 
balance    C.O.D.     Address: 

roa\t:,axds  >£fg.  &  saxes  CO. 

712  Broadus  St.  Ft.  Worth   10,  Texas 


brace.    The   other  bevel  is   obtained  in  the 
same  way.    In  this  case   16  is  taken  on  the 


Measuring  Lin  ex  ^ 


Fig.  2 


blade  and  12  on  the  tongue.  These  figures 
were  obtained  by  multipl\ing  both  8  feef 
and  6  feet  by  2,  which  resulted  in  16  and  12. 
Fig.  3  shows  two  braces  \\ith  double 
bevels  on  the  ends.    To  get  these  bevels  the 


principle  is  the  same  as  in  the  single  bevel 
The  square  must  be  appHed  to  the  measur- 
ing line,  using  either  the  original  figures  f 
on  the  blade  and  6  on  the  tongue,  or  dou 
bhng  them  and  use  16  and  12,  as  e.xplainec 
under  Fig.  2.  The  figures  6  feet  and  8  fee 
were  taken  for  convenience:  in  practice  th( 
figures  would  more  often  come  out  in  frac 

tions. 

• 

Moving  Garages 

Recently  a  man  who  had  had  some  e.xpe 
rience  in  ha\ing  buildings  moved,  offered  ■ 
carpenter  what  he  tiiought  was  a  fair  pric 
for  mo\"ing  a  garage  a  few  miles.  He  was  ; 
Httle  surprised  when  the  carpenter  too' 
him  up,  because,  while  he  considered  th' 
price  fair,  he  still  befieved  that  he  was  get 
ting  a  good  deal  out  of  it.  What  the  cai 
penter  did,  is  illustrated  by  the  dra%^ings. 


THE    CARPENTER 


45 


Fig.  1  shows  a  side  view  of  a  garage 
loaded  on  a  truck.  The  garage  in  this  case, 
was  packed  up  oflF  the  foundation.  Then  the 
truck  was  backed  in,   about  as  shown,   and 


^/^fff/ff//^^/////. 


Fig.  1 

two  timbers  were  placed  on  the  truck  that 
reached  from  one  side  of  the  garage  to  the 
other.  The  ends  were  secured  to  the  side 
walls,  and  reinforced  by  fastening  2xl2's 
directly  over  tlie  ends,  as  shown  by  dotted 
lines  in  Fig.  1. 

Fig.  2  shows  a  front  view  of  the  layout. 
One  of  the  timbers  is  pointed  out  with  an 


7»mlieir 


ZWl. 


indicator— also  one  of  the  2xl2's.  Where  the 
timber  is  shown  the  front  of  the  garage  is 
cut  out,  so  as  to  show  the  fastening  of  the 
timbers. 

I  am  not  going  into  details  about  tlie 
fastening  of  the  timbers  to  the  walls  of  the 
garage,  because  that  must  be  determined  by 
the  W£.y  tlie  walls  are  constructed,  and  also 


by  the  amount  of  weight  there  is  to  be  car- 
ried. The  important  thing  is  to  fasten  the 
ends  of  the  timbers  securely  to  the  walls  of 
the  garage. 

When  the  carpenter  had  the  garage 
loaded,  he  drove  away  with  it,  and  soon 
had  it  resting  on  its  new  foundation.  But 
the  owner  smiled  when  he  paid  the  car- 
penter, and  jokingly  said,  "That  was  a  clever 
piece  of  highway  robbery." 


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TESTED  in  actual  use;  every  one  saves  time, 
saves  work,  saves  money. 

Contents  include:  88  handy  ways  to  use  tools; 
37  ideas  for  work  benches  and  attachments;  62 
work-saving  ways  to  use  portable  equipment; 
39  suggestions  on  excavations,  foundations  and 
forms ;  32  methods  for  making  sills,  gird- 
ers, joists  and  sub-flooring;  49  hints 
on  exterior  and  interior  wall_  con- 
struction;  36  short-cuts  in 
roof  and  bay  construction; 
19  tips  on  maJdng  cor- 
nices and  porches ; 
54  ideas  for  inter- 
ior wall  covering 
auid  trim;  27  helps 
on  stair  construc- 
tion; 37  window 
suggestions;  54  ide- 
as for  installing 
doors;  29  tips  on 
closets,  shelves  and 
built-in  equipment; 
24  flooring  pointers; 
35  aids  in  installing 
sanitary  equipment; 
44  short-cuts  in  lay- 
ing out  work;  etc., 
etc.,  etc.  More  than 
700  illustrations 
show  you  exactly 
"how-to-do-it."  All 
items  indexed  so  that 
any  particular  idea  or 
short-cut  you  want 
can  be  located  in' 
stantly. 

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send  only  S3. 98  plus  few 
cents  postage  in  full  pay. 
ment.  You  take  no  risk. 
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DO  YOU  KNOW  HOW  TO 

Raise    a    sagging    beam 

without  using  a  jack? 
Repair     a     sunken     floor 

board    witiiout    ripping 

out   the    entire   floor  5 
Scribe    and    fit    boards    to 

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sii  ingles? 
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Lay   a   wood   floor   over   a 

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surface  out  of  plumb ': 
Make  sagless  garage  door? 
JIake  a  septic  tank  grease 

trap? 
Put  pipe  into  a  partition 

already    plastered  ? 
Apply  comer  moulding  to 

wallboard? 
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and  HUNDREDS  OF 
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(Carp.    1130) 


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Pointers."      I    will   either   return    it    in    5   days   and    owe 
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City 


NOTICE 


The  publishers  of  "The  Carpenter"  resenre .  the 
right  to  reject  all  advertising  matter  which  may 
be.  In  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America. 

All  Ckintracts  for  adTertislng  space  In  "The  Car- 
penter," Including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellable, are  only  accepted  srbject  to  the  above 
reserved  rights  of   the  publishers. 


Index  of  Advertisers 


Carpenters'  Toob  and  Accessories 

Page 

The   American   Floor  Surfacing 

Machine    Co.,    Toledo,    Ohio 47 

Ardee     Tool     Co.,     Rocky     River 

Station,    Ohio    43 

E.     C.     Atkins     &     Co.,     Indian- 
apolis,   Ind.    4th    Cover 

Burr  Mfg.   Co.,  Los  Angeles,  CaL        45 

Henry  Disston  &  Sons,  Inc.,  Phil- 
adelphia,   Peu    5 

Eliason    Tool    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn.      47 

Empire   Level   Mfg.   Co.,   Mil- 

waixkee.     Wis. 44 

E-Z   Mark    Tools,    Los   Angeles, 

Cal.      6 

Foley    Mfg.    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn.    4S 

Greenlee  Tool  Co.,  Rockford,  Ill„       48 

The   Lufkin   Rule    Co.,   Saginaw, 

Mich.     6 

A.   D.   McBumey,  Los   Angeles, 

Cal.      47 

Millers   Falls   Co.,   Greenfield, 

Mass.    45 

The   Paine    Co.,    Chicaigo,    111 48 

Rowlands   Mfg.   &   Sales   Co.,  Ft. 

Worth,    Tex.    44 

Simplex   Level   Co.,   Detroit, 

Mich.     45 

Skilsaw    Inc.,    Chicago,    111 1 

Speedcor  Products,  Portland, 

Ore.     S 

Stanley   Tools,  New^  Britain, 

Coim.     3rd  Cover 

Carpentry  Materials 

E.  L.  Bruce  Co.,  Memphis, 

Tenn.    3rd    Cover 

The   Upson   Co.,  Lockport,  N.  Y.  4 

Technical  Courses  and  Books 

American    Technical    Society, 

Chicago,    111.    47 

Audel    Publishers,    New^   York, 

N.  Y. 3rd   Cover 

Chicago    Technical    College,    Chi- 
cago,   111.    3 

A.  Riechers,  Palo  Alto,  Calif 48 

H.    H.    Siegele,    Emporia,    Kans 42 

Simmons-Boardman   Publishing 

Corp.,   New  York,  N.   Y 46 

Tcimblyn   System,   Denver,   Colo 6 


KEEP  THE  MONEY 
IN   THE    FAMILY! 

PATRONIZE 
ADVERTISERS 


1st— Measure    tread    or    riser   in    10    seconds 

ELIASON  STAIR  GAUGE 

Saves  HALF  Your  Time 
Building  Staircases 

In  10  seconds  you  get  both  correct 
length  and  angle  for  stair  treads,  risers, 
closet  shelves,  ready  to  mark  board. 
Each  end  automaUcally  pivots  and  locks 
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perfect  fit.  Length  adjustable  from  20" 
up.  Saves  a  day  or  more,  increases  your 
profits  $20  to  $30  on  each  staircase. 
Fully  guaranteed.    Circular  on  request. 

Only  $12.95  cash  with  order, 
or  C.O.D.  plus  postage. 

ELIASON    TOOL    CO.     Minneapolis     17,     Minn. 

Dealers  and  Agents  Wanted 
2nd — Mark  board  with  giiuge  for  perfect  fit 


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AMERicANTECHNICArSOCIETY  TublisherT since  ImI 

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Name     

Address     

City   State   

Attach  letter  stating  age,  occupation,  employer's  name  and 
address,  and  name  and  address  of  at  least  one  business 
man  as  reference.     Men  In  service,   also  give  home  address. 


SUPER  STAIR  GAGE 

No.  49 

Again  available  for 
instant  attachment 
to  carpenter's  steel 
squares.  Perfect  for 
laying  out  stair 
stringers  and  other 
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screws. 


Only  .75  the  pair! 


SUPER  99  SQUARE 


Light,  precision 
made  gages.  To 
be  used  with 
carpenter's     steel 
squares.    Valuable 
in    laying    our    nu- 
merous   repeat    an- 
"les    as    in    stair 


giea     cits     lu     sLtiiJ-        i4w,!j  u  laii 

Stringers,   hip   and       only  $1.25  pr. 

,,     °  1.  j.^      If  Dealer  Cannot  Supply 

valley    rafters,     etc.    order    Direct,    Postpaid 

A.    D.    McBORNEY  Los  Angeles  13,  Callf!*^ 


I^AHV  USEb 

f^fi'^/iTnlKn       I    This  American  Port- 
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JfkpRLE  •  STONE  I    will  save  itme^nd 
COMPOSITION  eliminate     tec/tous 

BOARD  I    ^^"^    sattdtng    atid 

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many  jobs!  Use  this  easy- 
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Send  for  descriptive  literature  and  prices, 

AMERICAN  Floor  Surfacing  Machine  Co. 
520  So.  St.  Clair  St.  Toledo  3,  Ohio 


THE  BEST  CRAFTSMEN  ALWAYS  TAKE  PAINE'S 


PAINE  "Sudden  Depth" 


EJECTS  DUST 
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Paine  "Sudden  Depth"  Drill  Bits 
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plier today  or  write  for  fiJl  information. 

THE  PAINE  COMPANY 


2967  Carroll  Ave. 


Chicago  12,  Itl. 


If  you  like 
fine  tools 

.  .  .  then  you'll  certainly  like  to  work 
with  the  new  GREENLEE  Socket  Chisels. 
Perfectly  balanced  .  .  .  handsome, 
transpare.it  green  plastic  handles  .  . . 
fine  bevel-edged  GREENLEE  blades,  so 
long  the  choice  of  true  craftsmen.  Ask 
your  hardware  dealer  about  them. 


GREENLEE 


SPECIAL  OFFER  .  .  .  WOODWORKING 
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"INDEPENDENCE    AFTER    40"    is    S 

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Name    

Address   


Full  Length  Roof  Framer 

A  pocket  size  book  with  the  EN- 
TIRE length  of  Common-Hip-Valley 
and  Jack  rafters  completely  worked 
out  for  you.  The  flattest  pitch  is  % 
inch  rise  to  12  inch  run.  Pitches  in- 
crease Yz  inch  rise  each  time  until 
the  steep  pitch  of  24"  rise  to  12" 
run  is  reached. 

There  are  2400  widths  of  build- 
ings for  each  pitch.  The  smallest 
width  is  Vi:  inch  and  they  increase 
1/4 "  each  time  until  they  cover  a  50 
foot  building. 

There  are  2400  Commons  and  2406 
Hip,  Valley  &  Jack  lengths  for  each 
pitch.  230,400  rafter  lengths  for  48 
pitches. 

A  hip  roof  is  48'-9i4"  wide.  Pitch" 
is  TV2"  rise  to  12"  run.   You  calx  pick 
out  the  length  of  Commons,  Hips  and 
Jacks         jjj  Qjjj,  jvnNUTE 
Let  us  prove  it,  or  return  your  money. 

Getting  the  lengths  of  rafters  by  the  (pan  and 
the  method  of  setting  up  the  tables  is  fully  pro- 
tected by  the  1917  &   1944  Copyrights. 

Price  $2.50  Postpaid.  If  C.  O.  D.  pay  $2.85. 

Californians    Add    8c.    Money   back   privilege. 

Canadians   use   Money    Orders. 

A.  RIECHERS 

p.  O.  Box  405  Palo  Alto,   Calif. 


/my 

STANLEY  NO.  700 
WOODWORKER'S  VISE 

Completely  New — Stanley  No.  700.  Grips  work 
firm  and  fast.  Can  be  quickly  attached  to  a  saw- 
horse,  bench,  or  handy  projection.  Extra-strong, 
made  of  malleable  iron,  yet  lightweight,  easy  to 
carry.  New,  "L"  shaped  jaws  hold  work  secure, 
vertically  as  well  as  horizontally.  Replaceable, 
tempered  presdwood  jaw  faces  protect  work. 
Jaws  open  to  3J^".  Attractive  grey  enamel  finish 
with  red  trim,  rust-proof  steel  screw  parts  nickel- 
plated.  Stanley  Tools,  New  Britain,  Connecticut. 

n 


THE  TOOL   BOX   OF  THE  WORLD 

[STANLEY] 


Reg.  U.S.  Pat.  Off. 

HARDWARE    .  TOOLS  .,  u  u      u 

LECTRIC  TOOLS    .  STEEL  STRAPPING    .   STEEL    S^ordin^l^oA!  ""  " 


Clamps  on  sawhorse  or  edge 
of  bench  for  doors,  sash,  etc. 


BRUCE 

lardwood  Flooring 

{2>ioQK .  ?im\^ .  Sim?) 


Lays  Easier 
Pleases  Owners 


Product  of  E.  L.  Bruce  Co.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
World's  Largest  in  Hardwood  Floors 


AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

4vois.$6 

Inside  Trade  Information 

for  Carpenters,  Builders.  Join- 
ers, Building  Mechanics  and  all 
Woodworkers.  These  Guides 
give  yon  the  short-cut  instruc- 
tions that  yoa  want— including 
new  methods,  ideas,  solutions, 
plans,  systems  and  money  sav- 
ing suggestions.  An  easy  pro- 
gressive course  for  the  appren- 
tice and  student.  A  practical 
daily  helper  and  Quick  Refer- 
ence for  the  master  worker. 
Carpentere  everywhere  are  us- 
ing these  Guides  as  a  Helpinff 
Hand  to  Easier  Work,  Better 
Work  and  Better  Pay.  To  get 
this    assistance    for  yourself. 

Inside  Trade  Information  On:  mSFfRBE°TOUPONbeiow. 
How  to  use  the  steel  square — How  to  file  and 
set  saws — How  to  build  lurnlture — How  to  use 
a  mitre  box — How  to  use  the  chalk  line — ^How 
to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 
Carpenters  arithmetic — Solving  mensuration 
problems — Estimating  strength  ot  timbers — 
How  to  set  girders  and  silis — How  to  frame 
houses  and  roofs — How  to  estimate  costs — How 
to  build  houses,  barns,  garages,  bungalows,  etc. 
— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 
specifications— How  to  excavate — How  to  use 
settings  12, 13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 
to  build  hoists  and  scaffolds — skylights — How 
to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  interior  trim- 
How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors — How  to  paint. 

AUDEL,  PubUshers,  49  W.  23rd  St..  New  Yori<  10.  N.  Y. 

Mall  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  on  7  days'  free 
trial.  If  OK  I  will  remit  $1  in  7  days  and  $1  monthly  until  $6  is  paid. 
—Otherwise  I  will  return  them.  No  obligation  unless  I  am  satisfied. 


Name- 


Occupation- 


Employed  by- 


CAR 


Use  them 


for  30  day 


and  you'll 


stay  with 


them  for  life! 


ATKINS  No.  400 
America's  Finest  Saw 

The  saw  any  carpenter  is  proud  to  own— 
a  tribute  to  his  judgment  and  knowledge 
of  fine  tools!  The  blade  of  the  Atkins 
No.  400  is  crafted  of  the  finest  steel  ever 
perfected  for  sawing  purposes  .  .  .  tem- 
pered by  Atkins'  own  methods  for  the 
utmost  in  edge-holding  qualities . . .  and 


true-taper  ground  for  easy  clearance 
Solid  rosewood  handle  in  "Perfection' 
pattern  prevents  wrist  strain  and  direct: 
the  full  force  of  each  easy  stroke 
against  the  fast -cutting  teeth.  In  shijf 
pattern,  rip  or  cut-off,  24  and  26-incl 
lengths. 


"Have  you  seenthe_ 


NEW  Jf-  65? 


^^*^TTthe  fomous  ATKINS 
A  smaner  model  <>!  *he  r  j,.,.^y  ,„ 

No.  65.  Some  qoo»|ty.  some  ^^^^^ 

o  saw  especioUy  made  «    ^j^„„toge. 
tmoHer  U"  ^'ode  «  ^^^'er  now. 
See  it  ot  your  ATMN^ 


ATKINS  No.  65 

Tried-and-true,  long-time  friend  of  thousands  of  car* 
penters.  A  fine  quality  "Silver  Steel"  saw.  True-taper 
ground,  carefully  tempered  and  fitted  with  "Perfec* 
tion"  pattern  apple  handle.  Ship  pattern;  20,  24  and 
26'inch  lengths. 


E.     C.     ATKINS     AND     COMPANY 

Home  Office  and  Factory: 

402  So.  Illinois  St.,  Indianapolis  9,  Indiana 

Branch  factory:  Portland,  Oregon 

Knife  Factory:  Lancaster,  New  York 

Braneh  Offices:  Atlanta    •   Cliicago    •    Portland    •    New  York 


BDE 


Itfi^^ii^gS^js^^^i^'^ 


DECEMBER,    1950 


Trade   Mark  Reg.   March,    1913 


A   Monthly   Journal,   Owned   and   Published    by   the   United    Brotherhood    of    Carpenters    and    Joiners 
of  America,  for  all  its  Members  of  all   its   Branches. 

PETER  E.   TERZICK.   Editor 

Carpenters'  Building,  222   E.   Michigan  Street,  Indianapolis   4,  Indiana 

Established  in   1881 
Vol.   LXX — Xo.   12 


INDIANAPOLIS,   DECEMBER,  1950 


One    Dollar   Per   Year 
Ten  Cents  a   Copy 


On  the  inside  front  cover  of  this  issue  there  is  a  colored  picture  of  our  United  Brotherhood's  Home  for 
Aged  Members  at  Lakeland,  Fla.  Particularly  created  for  framing,  the  picture  represents  a  fine  example 
of  what  modern  printing  methods  can  do.  Additional  copies  of  this  picture  may  be  obtained  from  the 
General   OfFice  at  the  nominal   cost  of  ten   cents   each  to  cover   handling   and   mailint,   charges. 

The  same  picture  in  a  considerably  larger  size,  measuring  13V2  inches  by  21  inches,  is  also  available 
at  fifty  cents  each.  All  requests  for  these  pictures  should  be  addressed  to:  Albert  E.  Fischer,  Acting 
Secretary,  222   E.   Michigan   St.,    Indianapolis  4,    Ind. 


—  Contents  — 


M-4  Is   Dangerous 


Through  Regulation  M-4,  the  government  not  only  places  a  ban  on  forty-five  types 
of  "frivolous"  construction  such  as  race  tracks  and  theaters  ,but  also  it  adds  uncertainty 
to  all  kinds  of  construction  projects.  Branding  the  measure  as  premature.  First  General 
Vice  President  Hutcheson  urges  suspension  of  the  regulation  until  such  time  as  national 
security   makes   it   imperative. 


Just  For  The  Record 


8 

While  it  is  gratifying  to  know  that  the  nation  has  at  last  become  awakened  to  the 
perils  of  communism,  it  is  amusing  to  note  that  many  of  our  leading  politicians  are  act- 
ing as  if  communism  were  some  new  evil  which  they  personally  discovered.  The  record 
shows  that  the  United  Brotherhood  was  wrestling  with  the  communist  problem  twenty- 
five  years  ago.  A  circular  letter  on  the  subject  sent  out  by  the  General  Office  on  Jan- 
uary 21,  1925,  shows  how  vigorously  the  United  Brotherhood  was  moving  against  the 
disruptive  communist  elements  at  a  time  when  much  of  the  rest  of  the  nation  scoffed  at 
the  communist  threat. 


Designed  For  Efficiency    - 


11 

The  Standard  Apprenticeship  Training  Course  complied  by  the  United  Brotherhood 
for  the  purpose  of  standardizing  apprenticeship  training  is  meeting  v/ith  an  enthusiastic 
response  from  all  people  connected  with  such  training.  School  authorities  and  govern- 
ment  apprenticeship    officials   are   among   the   most  enthusiastic. 


•  •  • 


OTHER  DEPARTMENTS 

Plane  Gossip 

The  Locker  - 

Official 

Editorials 

In    Memoriam 

Correspondence 

Craft  Problems 

Index  to  Advertisers 


•        •        • 


14 

16 
18 
24 
39 
40 
41 

46 


Entered   July   22,    191.5.    at    IXDIANAPOLIS,    IXD.,    as   second    class   mail    matter,    under    Act   of 

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NAME  Of  FIRM 

STREn  ADDRESS_ 
CITY 


M-4  CURBS  ARE  DANGEROUS 


AS  THE  winter  season  sets  in,  it  is  becoming  increasingly  clear  that  the 
government's  restrictions  on  new  construction  are  beginning  to  disrupt 
the  building  industry.  Although  a  slump  in  construction  is  natural 
during  the  severe  winter  months,  there  are  many  indications  that  the  present 
lethargy  in  the  industry  goes  far  deeper  than  seasonal  causes  would  normally 
dictate.  There  is  no  machinery  for  gathering  accurate  statistics  on  unem- 
ployment in  the  construction  industry.  However,  spot  checks  indicate  that 
some  sections  of  the  Pacific  Coast  are  comparatively  hard  hit.  The  eastern 
seaboard  also  has  some  areas  in  which  the  supply  of  building  tradesmen  is 
in  excess  of  available  jobs.  The  plain  states  and  the  Rocky  Mountain  area  are 
beginning  to  feel  the  pinch  here  and  there;  this  despite  the  fact  that  the  full 
effect  of  the  government's  restrictions  on  building  have  not  as  yet  begun  to 
make  themselves  fully  apparent  since  the  curtailment  program  did  not  affect 
projects  already  under  way.  As  major  projects  reach  completion  and  restric- 
tions cut  down  on  the  start  of  new  projects,  the  crippling  effects  of  the  ruling 
will  reach  their  peak. 

Known  as  Regulation  M-4,  the  government's  new  restriction  on  building 
specifically  prohibits  the  construction  of  some  forty-five  different  kinds  of 
structures.  However,  by  its  broadness,  the  order  jeopardizes  all  types  of  build- 
ing. Regulation  M-4  became  operative  October  27th,  and  was  subsequently 
amended  to  delete  one  of  the  provisions  under  which  the  National  Production 
Authority,  administrative  agency  handling  the  regulation,  could  stop  any  con- 
struction project  after  it  was  started  regardless  of  whether  or  not  the  project 
was  forbidden  at  the  time  the  regulation  became  effective. 

In  a  sharp  letter  of  protest  to  William  H.  Harrison,  NPA  administrator, 
Maurice  A.  Hutcheson,  First  General  Vice-President,  strongly  urged  suspen- 
sion of  Piegulation  M-4  until  such  time  as  the  national  security  makes  such 
restriction  imperative.  Reprinted  herewith,  is  First  General  Vice-President 
Hutcheson's  letter  to  the  NPA  head: 

The  Hon.  William  H.  Harrison,  Administrator 
National  Production  Authority 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Dear  Mr.  Harrison: 

This  is  to  inform  you  that  the  officers  and  members  of  the 
organization  which  I  represent  are  seriously  concerned  with  the 
crippling  effects  which  Regulation  M-4  is  imposing  on  the  build- 
ing industry.  Already  the  effects  of  Regulation  M-4  are  making 
themselves  apparent  in  various  sections  of  the  nation.    Building 


THE    CARPENTER 

craftsmen  whose  skills  and  know-how  form  an  essential  part  of 
our  defense  mechanism  are  already  facing  unemployment  and 
distress  in  these  areas.  Should  this  unhappy  state  of  affairs  be- 
come widespread— and  I  am  afraid  it  will  if  Regulation  M-4 
continues  in  effect  much  longer— many  of  them  may  be  com- 
pelled by  circumstances  to  seek  livelihoods  in  other  fields  of 
endeavor.  Whether  or  not  it  would  be  possible  to  recruit  them 
back  into  the  building  industry  in  the  event  of  a  major  national 
crisis  is  extremely  dubious. 

Understand  that  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and 
Joiners  of  America  places  national  security  above  all  other  con- 
siderations. Whatever  sacrifices  become  necessary  to  insure  the 
safety  of  the  United  States  will  be  accepted  by  the  members  of 
the  United  Brotherhood  not  only  willingly  but  proudly  as  well. 
However,  in  view  of  the  existing  situation,  we  deem  Regulation 
M-4  not  to  be  in  the  best  interests  of  the  nation  at  the  present 
time. 

Two  facts  lead  us  to  this  conclusion.  First,  as  far  as  I  have 
been  able  to  ascertain,  neither  building  materials  nor  building 
tradesmen  are  in  particularly  short  supply.  Second,  end  use 
control,  upon  which  this  regulation  is  primarily  based,  is  neither 
effective  nor  advisable.  If  any  building  materials  are  becoming 
scarce,  I  believe  the  interests  of  the  nation  could  best  be  served 
by  control  at  the  source  through  an  allocation  system  that  would 
earmark  for  defense  purposes  an  adequate  supply  of  each  mate- 
rial. The  remainder  could  then  be  made  available  to  the  building 
industry  through  normal  channels.  With  what  was  available  to 
it,  the  building  industry  could  struggle  along  as  best  it  could. 
Believe  me,  the  industry  is  ingenious  and  the  building  trades- 
men are  versatile.  Through  substitutes  and  shortcuts  and  rede- 
signing to  supplement  what  material  supplies  existed,  I  am  sure 
tlie  industry  could  fulfill  a  major  portion  of  the  civilian  demand 
as  well  as  all  the  defense  demand  for  building.  To  arbitrarily 
jeopardize  much  of  civilian  construction  as  a  means  of  conserv- 
ing building  materials— especially  where  no  acute  shortage  ex- 
ists—seems extremely  dangerous  to  me.  If  I  felt  the  regulation 
was  essential  for  national  defense  as  of  right  now,  I  would  be 
boosting  it  rather  than  opposing  it.  My  only  opposition  to  it 
now  is  that  it  is  premature,  and,  therefore,  dangerous. 

It  is  no  secret  to  you  that  the  building  industry  is  the  second 
largest  contributor  to  the  wealth  of  our  nation  and  the  biggest 
employer  of  labor  as  well.  My  personal  feeling  is  that  a  serious 
disruption  of  the  building  industry  would  inevitably  lead  to  an 
economic  crisis  in  spite  of  the  immensity  of  any  defense  program 
which  might  be  undertaken.  Furthermore,  I  am  firmly  convinced 
that  once  the  manpower  of  the  building  industry  is  dissipated 
(as  well  it  might  be  through  M-4)  it  can  never  again  be  assem- 
bled in  time  to  meet  any  all-out  war  crisis. 


THE    CARPENTER 

The  contractors  with  whom  I  have  discussed  this  matter  are 
extremely  perturbed.  In  addition  to  the  normal  hazards  of  con- 
tracting (which  are  not  negligible)  Regulation  M-4  adds  many 
imponderables  which  create  a  risk  load  that  is  more  than  any 
but  the  most  venturesome  and  well-financed  contractors  can 
buck.  You  are  well  aware  that  contractors  usually  take  on  very 
sizable  obligations  long  before  any  substantial  construction  work 
gets  under  way  on  a  project.  The  provisions  of  Section  22.3  (c) 
and  22.3  (cl)  seem  to  impose  a  tremendous  risk  on  the  average 
contractor.  It  is  not  unusual  for  a  contractor  to  have  made  obli- 
gations for  specially-cut  steel,  granite,  marble,  etc.,  as  well  as 
standard  building  materials  such  as  lumber,  hardware,  etc.,  long 
before  a  shovelful  of  concrete  is  poured  or  a  single  nail  driven. 
The  definition  of  "commence  work"  as  outlined  in  this  section 
seems  to  make  it  entirely  possible  for  a  contractor  to  get  stuck 
with  these  materials  in  the  event  new  curbs  on  construction  are 
ordered— a  contingency  that  cannot  be  overlooked  in  view  of  the 
seriousness  of  the  times.  Under  the  circumstances,  contractors, 
materials  suppliers,  as  well  as  prospective  builders,  are  all  going 
to  be  extremely  chary  insofar  as  new  commitments  are  concerned. 
The  entire  construction  industry  is  bound  to  operate  in  a  climate 
of  uncertainty  and  suspicion  so  long  as  such  a  situation  exists. 
With  the  restrictions  on  "frivolous"  construction,  I  am  not  too 
much  concerned.  But  with  the  inherent  threat  to  all  construc- 
tion contained  in  M-4  I  am  genuinely  worried. 

The  main  thing  we  are  fighting  to  preserve  is  our  free  enter- 
prise system.  To  me  it  does  not  seem  logical  to  abandon  the  free 
enterprise  system  in  the  construction  industry  before  such  a 
measure  becomes  absolutely  imperative.  Credit  controls  have  al- 
ready slowed  down  house  construction  to  a  walk.  If  controls  are 
to  jeopardize  civilian  construction  as  well,  the  future  for  the 
industry  looks  very  gloomy  indeed. 

I  respectfully  urge  that  you  consider  these  facts  seriously.  I  am 
sure  that  if  you  do  you  will  reach  the  same  conclusion  that  I 
have  long  since  reached— namely,  that  M-4  is  premature  and 
dangerous  so  long  as  it  exists  in  its  present  form.  Again  I  want 
to  assure  you  that  national  security  outweighs  all  other  consider- 
ations as  far  as  the  United  Brotherhood  is  concerned.  If  an 
all-out  war  makes  discontinuance  of  all  civilian  construction 
necessary,  we  will  do  the  best  we  can  under  the  circumstances. 
But  in  the  meantime  it  seems  unwise  to  me  to  disrupt  the  build- 
ing industry  and  possibly  court  disaster  for  the  day  when  the  in- 
dustry may  mean  the  difference  between  victory  and  defeat. 

Sincerely, 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON, 

First  General  Vice-President. 


Just  For  The  Record 


•  • 

IT  TOOK  Potsdam,  China,  the  Berhn  Blockade,  the  Hiss  case,  and  finally 
the  war  in  Korea  to  awaken  the  nation  to  the  menace  of  communism. 
Now  that  everyone  finally  understands  how  impossible  it  is  to  do  business 
with  international  gangsters  to  whom  integrity  and  honesty  are  only  words  in 
the  dictionary,  something  is  being  done  about  communism.  Measures  are 
being  adopted  to  check  the  insidious  spread  of  communism  at  home  through 
the  nefarious,  underhanded  tactics  which  American  communists  have  devel- 
oped for  spreading  hatred,  confusion  and  misery.  At  the  same  time  the  nation 
is  undeitaking  the  greatest  peacetime  mobilization  in  history  to  insure  security 
against  any  attacks  from  communist  forces  abroad.  At  long  last,  the  com- 
munist issue  is  being  met  head  on  and  without  any  hedging.  Stopping  com- 
munism has  become  the  major  issue  in  Washington  and  Ottawa.  Big  wigs 
from  all  parties  and  all  political  faiths  are  knocking  themselves  out  orating 
and  fuming  against  the  perils  of  communism. 

That  such  unanimity  against  com- 
munism has  been  achieved  is  heart- 
ening. Howe\'er,  many  of  the  big 
wheels  who  are  now  so  vociferously 
anti-communist  are  acting  as  if  the 
communist  menace  is  something  new 
which  tliey  personally  discovered. 
Unfortunately  it  is  not.  Communism 
has  been  an  active  force  in  America 
for  thirty  years.  A  way  back  in  the 
Twenties,  The  Workers  Party,  a 
pseudonym  behind  which  the  com- 
munist party  operated  at  that  time, 
was  actively  sowing  the  seeds  of  dis- 
sension throughout  the  length  and 
breadth  of  the  land.  The  labor  move- 
ment was  its  chief  target  then  the 
same  as  it  is  today.  Communist  dis- 
rupters were  sneaked  into  every 
possible  union.  It  was  during  those 
turbulent  years  that  the  smear  tactics 
and  character  assassination  campaigns 
were  worked  out  as  standard  strategy. 

Year  in  and  year  out  the  labor  un- 
ions of  America  bore  the  brunt  of  the 
communist  attack.  The  Fosters  and  the 
Browders  concentrated  their  efforts 


on  trying  to  smash  the  American 
unions,  knowing  full  well  that  demo- 
cratic unionism  constitutes  the  main 
bulwark  against  totalitarianism.  That 
they  did  not  succeed  is  a  tribute  to 
the  astuteness  and  foresight  of  the 
men  who  led  the  international  unions 
which  compose  the  American  Feder- 
ation of  Labor. 

Under  the  leadership  of  General 
President  William  L.  Hutcheson,  the 
United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters 
and  Joiners  of  America  has  been  a 
major  thorn  in  the  flesh  of  the  Amer- 
ican communists.  Year  in  and  year 
out  the  United  Brotherhood  has  met 
the  communist  issue  head  on  without 
flinching  or  compromise.  While  others 
in  high  places  in  politics  and  business 
and  even  the  government  were  apolo- 
gizing for  and  compromising  with  the 
communists,  General  President  Hutch- 
eson was  standing  four-square  for  no 
apology  and  no  compromise  with  the 
Reds,  The  years  have  proved  who 
was  right.  While  the  apologists  of  the 


THE    CARPENTER 


Twenties  and  Thirties  are  now  cover- 
ing up  their  past  mistakes  with 
anti-communist  oratory  and  agitation, 
General  President  Hutcheson  and  the 
United  Brotherhood  stand  exactly 
where  they  stood  twenty  or  thirty 
years  ago  —  unalterably  opposed  to 
communism  and  all  it  stands  for. 

It  is  interesting  to  note  a  circular 
letter  which  the  General  Office  mailed 
out  to  Local  Unions  and  District 
Councils  away  back  in  1926,  At  a 
meeting  of  the  General  Executive 
Board  held  December  10,  1925,  the 
issue  of  communism  came  up  for  dis- 
cussion, as  it  had  at  many  previous 
meetings.  The  Board  on  January  21, 
1926,  over  the  signatures  of  General 
President  Hutcheson  and  General  Sec- 
retary Duffy,  mailed  a  circular  letter 
to  all  Locals  and  Gouncils.  Excerpts 
of  that  letter  are  herewith  reprinted: 

From  time  to  time  the  General* 
Executive  Board  has  warned  our 
members  against  joining  organizations 
whose  policies  and  principles  are  an- 
tagonistic to  the  policies  and  princi- 
ples, rules  and  regulations  of  the 
United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters 
and  Joiners  of  America,  such  as  the 
Industrial  Workers  of  the  World;  the 
One  Big  Union;  the  Trade  Union  Ed- 
ucational League  and  similar  or  kin- 
dred organizations. 

Our  conventions  in  the  past  have 
done  likewise  and  fixed  the  penalty  of 
expulsion  for  any  member  joining 
such  organizations,  or  any  member 
giving  recognition,  support,  assistance 
or  encouragement  to  any  such  organ- 
izations. 

We  now  find  there  is  a  movement 
under  way  to  disrupt  our  Local  Un- 
ions through  propaganda,  pernicious, 
deceitful  and  untruthful,  by  the 
Workers  Party  of  America,  which  in 
plain  language  is  the  Communist 
Party  of  America. 

On   August   4,    1925,    the  Daily 
,_  Worker— the   official    organ   of   the 


Workers  (Communist)  Party  of  Amer- 
ica, published  a  letter  from  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  of  the  Communist 
International,  addressed  to  the  Work- 
ers (Communist)  Party  of  America, 
which  is  a  section  of  the  Communist 
International,  in  which  it  is  stated 
that— Tt  is  of  extreme  importance  to 
the  life  and  growth  of  the  Workers 
Party  that  its  members  as  a  whole 
realize  better  the  necessity  of  more 
intensive  work  in  the  Labor  Unions— 
the  capture  of  leadership  of  the  Labor 
Union  masses  is  vitally  necessary,  not 
only  for  the  Workers  Party  at  the 
present  time,  but  also  for  the  ultimate 
victory  of  the  revolutionary  struggle. 
The  capture  of  the  Labor  Unions  is 
our  first  and  foremost  task:' 

For  this  purpose  the  Workers 
(Communist)  Party  advocates: 

That  every  Communist  be  a  Union 
member. 

To  organize  a  Communist  faction  in 
every  Union. 

To  make  fights  in  elections  for  of- 
ficers of  Unions  and  delegates  to 
conventions. 

At  all  conventions  to  introduce  sys- 
tematic and  well  prepared  campaigns 
against  officers. 

To  resist  expulsion  from  the  Unions. 

To  arouse  the  masses  to  take  up 
strikes  and  wage  movements  and  to 
then  skillfully  utilize  such  movements 
for  political  ends. 

To  make  use  of  independent,  dual 
and  rival  unions. 

To  promote  general  discontent  and 
hatred  in  contempt  for  the  existing 
order  of  things,  especially  among  the 
foreign  bom. 

A  Communist  elected  or  appointed 
to  any  official  position  in  a  Union  is 
under  strict  control  of  the  Communist 
organization  and  the  immediate  in- 
structions of  the  party  faction  of  his 
Union. 


I 


10  THE    CARPENTER 

\Vliile  our  obligation  guarantees  to      in  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpen- 
everv'  member  no   interference   with     ters  and  Joiners  of  America. 


Particularh'  interesting  is  the  next 


his   political  opinions,   this   matter  is 

not  and  caimot  be  considered  a  pohti-  ^  .  ^  ■,  t  .  -.r^-^r- 
1  ^  .^  Tf  1  «-  to  last  paragraph.  Away  back  m  1925 
cal  matter  or  a  partv  pohtical  matter,  ,  ^  ^  f-T  ^.-r,  jj 
,  ,  ,,  ^  .^  i  a.1-  the  General  Executive  Board  de- 
but on  the  contrary,  an  attempt  on  the  ,  .  j^i..i/^  -^.-n.^- 
.  ,  '  .  11.  termmed  that  the  Communist  rartv  is 
part    of    the    communists  ^and    then-  ^^^  ^  ^^^.^.^^^  p^^^,  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^  ^^^^ 

agencies  to  hamper  and  cripple  labor  ^^  ^^^  Kremlin.    Had  the  government 

Umons.  YiSid  equal  foresight  at  the  time,  young 

The  General  Executive  Board  here-  Americans  might  not  be  spilling  their 

with  clearly  points  out  these  facts  and  blood    on   frozen    Korean   mountain- 

caUs  attention  to  the  antagonistic  atti-  sides  today. 

tude  of  the  Communist  International,         That  the  nation  has  finally  awak- 

the   Red  International,   the  Workers  ened  to  the   communist  peril  is  ex- 

(Communist)   Part>-    of   America    and  tremely  gratifying.    It  is  only  too  bad 

the  Trade  Union  Educational  League  that  the  voices  of  men  like  General 

to    our   organization,   and   warns    all  President    Hutcheson    were    ignored 

members  not  join  them  or  have  any-  thirty  years  ago  when  American  labor 

thing  whatever  to   do   with  them  or  was   standing  o£F  communism  almost 

similar   kindred   organizations    under  singlehandedly  and  crying  in  vain  for 

penalty  of  forfeiture  of  membership  national  support. 


Prompt  Action  Can  Still  Book  U.  B.  Films 

Tele\'ision  may  be  cutting  down  on  attendance  in  motion  picture  theaters, 
but  apparently  it  is  having  no  effect  on  the  popularity  of  the  three  movies 
produced  by  our  Brotherhood.  .AQ  three  Brotherhood  films,  "The  Carpenter," 
"This  Is  Your  Brotherhood"  and  "Carpenters  Home"  are  being  booked  steadily 
for  several  months  ahead.  However,  twent)'  prints  of  each  film  are  available 
for  distribution  to  Locals,  Councils  and  Auxiliaries;  which  means  subordinate 
bodies  can  still  make  arrangements  for  showings  of  the  films  without  too  much 
difficult}-  if  they  act  promptly. 

Lavish  praise  is  being  heaped  on  our  Brotherhood's  newest  film,  *TTie 
Carpenter,"  from  all  areas  where  it  has  been  sho\\Ti.  A  fift>^-five  minute  film 
in  color  and  sound,  it  shows  the  various  skills  Brotherhood  members  employ 
in  the  pursuit  of  their  daily  bread.  "Carpenters  Home"  tells  the  story  of  the 
Lakeland  home  for  aged  members  and  the  splendid  care  which  old  time 
members  recei%-e  there.  "This  Is  Your  Brotherhood"  shows  the  General  Office 
in  action. 

The  films  are  booked  out  to  Locals  and  Councils  on  a  first  come,  first 

served  basis.  Therefore  it  is  ad\-isable  for  all  subordinate  bodies  contemplat- 
ing showing  the  films  to  contact  the  General  Office  immediately  regarding  a 
booking.  Ever\^  effort  will  be  made  to  meet  all  requests.  Howe\^er,  the  earher 
requests  are  made  for  a  definite  date  the  better  will  be  the  chances  of  securing 
the  desired  film  or  films  for  that  particular  date.  Interested  Locals  or  Councils 
should  contact  First  General  Vice-President  M.  A.  Hutcheson,  222  E.  Michi- 
gan St.,  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  for  complete  information. 


11 


DESIGNED  FOR  EFFICIENCY 

*     *     * 

IF  THERE  were  a  book-of-the-year  award  for  labor  publications,  there 
is  little  doubt  but  that  the  Standard  Apprenticeship  Training  Course, 
compiled  by  the  United  Brotherhood,  would  be  the  leading  candidate 
for  the  1950  award.  Response  to  the  Brotherhood's  announcement  of  release 
of  the  course  has  been  tremendous  in  both  size  and  enthusiasm.  School  au- 
thorities, state  and  federal  apprenticeship  officials,  as  well  as  union  officials 
in  all  branches  of  the  labor  movement,  have  placed  their  stamp  of  approval 
on  the  course.  Many  letters  of  commendation  and  congratulation  have  been 
received  by  the  General  Office.  The  general  consensus  of  opinion  seems  to  be 
that  the  training  course  compiled  by  the  Brotherhood  is  the  most  compre- 
sensive,  thorough  and  understandable  yet  worked  up  by  a  labor  organization. 

At  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Con- _^ 

vention  held  in  Cincinnati  last  Sep- 
tember, a  copy  of  the  training  course 
was  handed  to  each  delegate.  Since 
that  time,  many  localities  have  adopt- 
ed the  Brotherhood  Apprenticeship 
Training  Course  as  the  standard  cur- 
riculum for  their  apprenticeship  train- 
ing programs.  Many  other  sections 
have  the  matter  under  consideration, 
and  new  inquiries  are  being  received 
almost  every  day. 

;  The  first  thing  the  Standard  Ap- 
prenticeship Training  Course  does  is 
set  up  standards  which  a  training  pro- 
gram should  meet  if  it  is  to  accom- 
plish its  goal  of  turning  out  qualified 
craftsmen.  It  outlines  the  things 
which  must  be  done  to  get  appren- 
ticeship training  under  way  in  any 
locality.  It  offers  a  standard  progress 
chart  upon  which  the  advancement  of 
a  trainee  in  both  classroom  instruction 
and  work  experience  can  be  recorded, 
and  many  other  standard  forms  which 
are  designed  to  insure  maximum  ef- 
ficiency in  the  operation  of  an  appren- 
ticeship program. 

The  Brotherhood  Apprenticeship 
Training  Course  breaks  the  trade  of 


carpentry  down  into  twelve  sub-divi- 
sions.   They  are: 

1.  Tools,    Materials,    Ethics    and 
History  of  the  Trade. 

2.  Foundations. 

3.  Rough  Framing. 

4.  Exterior  Finish. 

5.  Roof  Framing. 

6.  Interior  Finish. 

7.  Stair  Building. 

8.  Cabinet  Making  (Mill). 

9.  Mill  Work. 

10.  Heavy  Timber  Construction. 

11.  Reinforced    Concrete    Form 
Construction. 

12.  Blueprint    Reading    and    Esti- 
mating. 

Each  of  these  sub-divisions  is  thor- 
oughly covered  in  one  unit  of  the 
course.  Each  unit  is  published  as  a 
separate  booklet  although  all  units 
can  be  combined  in  an  efficient  ring- 
binder  set  of  hard  co\ers.  In  each 
unit  of  instruction,  the  subject  matter 
is  covered  concisely,  thoroughly  and 
in  such  a  way  as  to  be  understandable 


12 


THE    CARPENTER 


to  anyone  who  can  read.  Illustrations 
are  numerous  and  are  drawn  in  such 
a  way  that  each  point  is  made  crystal 
clear.  The  course  eliminates  the 
necessity'  of  looking  through  a  great 
mass  of  useless  falderal  to  find  a  grain 
of  useful  information  —  a  weakness 
most  textbooks  on  carpentry  possess. 
The  terms  used  are  the  simple..  ever\-- 
day  terms  which  carpenters  have  used 


ence  to  give  the  apprentice  the  sort  of 
well-balanced  training  that  he  must 
have  before  he  can  become  a  top 
notch  journeyman. 

The  Standard  Apprenticeship  Train- 
ing Course  is  the  fruit  of  four  years  of 
hard  work  by  the  Brotherhood  Ap- 
prenticeship Committee.  Ever  since  it 
came  into  existence  in  1881  the  United 
Brotherhood   has    been   interested  in 


for  many  years  and  which  the  appren- 
tice wdll  run  into  when  he  goes  out 
onto  the  job  as  a  journeyman. 

In  addition  to  the  textbook  units 
which  the  apprentice  must  stud\-.  the 
course  also  contains  an  Instructor's 
Manual  which  is  helpful  to  instructors 
in  laying  out  their  teaching  programs 
in  such  a  wa>"  as  to  achie\'e  maximum 
efficiency.  This  Instructor's  Manual 
also  offers  teachers  valuable  informa- 
tion as  to  how  classroom  teaching  can 
best  be  integrated  with  work  experi- 


the  proper  training  of  young  men  to 
follow  the  trade  of  carpentn.'.  .Almost 
from  the  beginning  Brotherhood 
unions  in  various  localities  ha\'e  strug- 
gled with  apprenticeship  training  pro- 
grams. Some  have  been  good,  some 
have  been  not  so  good,  and  a  few 
even  have  been  busts.  Consequently, 
the  need  for  standardization  on  a  con- 
cise, efficient  program  has  grown  year 
by  year. 

The  Twent}'-fifth  General  Con\-en- 
tion  held  in  Lakeland  in  1946  took  up 


THE    CARPENTER 


13 


the  matter  of  apprenticeship  training 
in  dead  earnestness.  As  a  result,  the 
General  Office  was  directed  to  set  up 
a  standing  committee  to  work  out  a 
complete  apprenticeship  training  pro- 
gram capable  of  meeting  the  growing 
needs  for  standardization.  First  Gen- 
eral Vice-President  Maurice  A.  Hutch- 
eson,  chairman  of  the  committee, 
appointed  Brothers  Asgar  Andrup,  Lo- 
cal Union  No.  181,  Chicago;  Leo 
Gable,  Local  Union  No.  710,  Long 
Beach;  John  McMahon,  Local  Union 
No.  9,  BuflFalo,  and  Carl  J.  Schwarzer, 
Local  Union  No.  1108,  Cleveland,  to 
assist  him  in  working  out  the  program. 

For  several  years  the  committee 
wrestled  with  the  problem.  Text 
books  on  carpentry  were  studied  and 
other  training  programs  were  an- 
alyzed. Good  points  were  adopted 
here  and  bad  points  were  eliminated 
there.  After  a  great  deal  of  hard  work 
the  committee  began  assembling  a 
training  program  that  combines  the 
best  points  of  all  other  programs  and 
eliminates  the  weaknesses  that  expe- 
rience has  uncovered.  The  result  is 
the  Standard  Apprenticeship  Training 
Course,  which  many  experts  consider 
a  jnodel  of  efficiency  and  clarity. 

The  first  seven  units  of  instruction 
were  completed  in  time  for  the 
Twenty-sixth  General  Convention  last 
September.  These  now  are  ready  for 
distribution,  and  thousands  already 
have  been  ordered  by  local  unions 
and  district  councils.  The  remaining 
five  units,  which  deal  with  the  ad- 
vanced phases  of  the  trade,  are  in  the 
process  of  being  compiled.  As  soon  as 
they  are  completed  they  will  be  made 
available  to  all  subordinate  bodies. 
Since  each  unit  is  published  as  a  sepa- 
rate booklet,  the  five  units  as  yet 
uncompleted  can  easily  be  added  to 
the  first  seven  in  the  hard  cover  ring 
binder   which   is    supplied   with   the 


course.  One  of  the  advantages  of  this 
system  is  that  units  can  be  ordered 
individually  so  that  unions  can  order 
exactly  what  they  need  rather  than 
being  required  to  order  the  whole 
course  for  each  trainee,  regardless  of 
his  status. 

Copies  of  the  Course  were  recently 
presented  to  the  Provincial  Directors 
of  Apprenticeship  and  also  the  Re- 
gional Directors  of  Vocational  Train- 
ing in  Canada  by  the  General  Office. 
The  presentation  was  made  at  a  joint 
conference  in  Ottawa  on  No\ember 
1st  by  a  Representative  of  the  Broth- 
erhood who  explained  the  purpose 
and  objective  of  the  Course  and  sug- 
gested that  it  be  used  as  the  basic 
course  of  training  and  the  text  for  all 
apprentices  in  carpentry  in  Canada. 

The  suggestion  was  wholeheartedly 
concurred  in  by  the  Directors  of  Ap- 
prenticeship, some  of  whom  termed 
the  Course  the  greatest  contribution 
ever  made  by  a  trade  union  toward 
the  training  of  apprentices,  and  rec- 
ommendations to  that  effect  will  be 
made  to  the  respective  Provincial  Ap- 
prenticeship Boards.  This  has  already 
been  done  by  the  Local  Advisory 
Committees  to  the  Apprenticeship 
Board  in  Alberta,  and  without  doubt 
the  Course  will  soon  be  adopted  as 
the  basis  for  training  all  carpentry 
apprentices  in  Canada. 

In  the  United  States,  many  locali- 
ties have  already  adopted  the  Broth- 
erhood Course  and  are  now  in  the 
process  of  switching  over  to  it  from 
their  old  courses.  Local  unions  and 
district  councils  interested  in  securing 
full  information  about  the  Brother- 
hood Course  should  write  to: 

Maurice  A.  Hutcheson, 

First  General  Vice-President, 
222  E.  Michigan  Street 
Indianapolis  4,  Indiana. 


Scri  D 


UNWELCOME   GUEST 

A  man  who  wrote  a  weekly  column  for  a 
newspaper  had  a  brother-in-law  who  ar- 
rived for  a  week-end  visit— and  remained  for 
six  months.  The  journalist  finally  hit  on  a 
plan  to  get  rid  of  the  pest. 

"Tonight  at  dinner,"  he  told  his  wife, 
"I'll  say  that  my  column  was  especially 
good  today.  You  will  disagree  and  say  that 
it  was  terrible.  We'll  then  ask  your  brother 
for  his  opinion.  If  he  agrees  with  me,  youll 
order  him  from  tlie  house.  If  he  agrees 
with  you,  I'll  order  him  from  the  house.  So 
in  either  case,  well  be  rid  of  him." 

"I  thought  my  column  was  prett>'  good 
today,"  he  said. 

"You're  crazy,"  retorted  his  wife.  "It  was 
terrible." 

She  turned  to  her  brotlier.  "What  do  you 
think,  John?"  she  asked. 

The  guest  shrugged.  "I  don't  know  any- 
thing about  it,"  he  obser.'ed  placidly.  "I'm 
staging  fovir  more  weeks." 

After  last  month's  election,  it  seems  to 
us  that  the  Taft-Hartley  law  is  going  to  be 
like  tlie  brodier-in-law— it  is  going  to  be 
with  us  for  a  while  longer. 


"Daddy  just  told  me  about  the  bees 
and  the  flowers! . .  The  drones  are  in 
clover  cause  the  workers  ain't 
organized!" 


A  PRIZE  ESSAY 

A  Httle  boy's  essay  on  geese: 

"A  geese  is  a  low,  heavy-set  boid  wliich 
is  mostly  meet  and  feathers.  His  head  sits 
on  one  side  and  he  sits  on  tlie  other.  A 
geese  can't  sing  much  on  account  of  damp- 
ness of  the  moisture.  He  ain't  got  no 
between-his-toes  and  he's  got  a  httle  bal- 
loon on  his  stomach  to  keep  him  from  sink- 
ing. Some  gooses  when  they  gits  big  has 
curls  on  their  tails  and  is  called  ganders. 
Ganders  don't  haff  to  sit  and  hatch,  but 
just  eat  and  loaf  and  go  swimming.  If  I  was 
a  goose,  I'd  rather  be  a  gander." 

*  *     • 

RUSSIAN  FREE  ENTERPRISE 

The  Hat  Worker,  official  organ  of  Hat- 
ters, Cap  and  Millinery  \\'orkers  Union, 
blasts  the  "vicious,  capitalistic  propaganda" 
that  there  is  no  opportunit>'  for  an  ordinary 
citizen  to  go  into  business  for  himself  in 
Riossia.  A  representative  of  the  Hat  Workers 
tells  of  an  interview  with  a  Russian  es- 
capee who  worked  in  a  Russian  cap  factory. 

Asked  if  one  is  allowed  to  go  into  busi- 
ness for  himself  in  Russia,  the  ex-cap  maker 
from  behind  the  Iron  Curtain  replied: 
"Well,  I  once  knew  a  man  who  started 
making  shirts.  When  he  had  used  up  all 
his  wife's  bed  sheets  and  pillow  cases  he 
stopped  making  shirts." 

•  •      • 

^^'E  KNOW  IT  IS  TRUE 

"Bright   Eyes   Indicate  Curiosity"   says   a' 
character  analysis   colmnnist  in  a  daily  pa- 
per.   What  he  failed  to   add  is  that  black 
eyes  indicate  too  much  of  it. 

*  •     • 
SO    SAYS   PAUP 

"A  chaperone,"  says  Joe  Paup  who  tliinks 
himself  a  wit  and  is  half  right,  "is  an  old 
maid  who  never  got  on  the  first  team  but 
still  wants  to  intercept  a  few  passes." 

•  •     * 
NO  GREAT  LOSS 

Recendy  a  mascufine-looldng  old  woman, 
wearing  baggy  slacks  and  a  man's  hat, 
walked  into  a  Texas  telegraph  office  and 
sent  the  following  wire  to  her  brother  down 
on  the  farm:  "My  husband  died  this  morn- 
ing.   Loss  fully  covered  by  insurance." 


THE    CARPENTER 


15 


WHAT  IS  A  BOY? 

(Author  unknown) 

Between  tlie  innocence  of  babyhood  and 
the  dignity  of  manliood  we  find  a  delight- 
ful creature  called  a  boy.  Boys  come  in 
assorted  sizes,  weights,  and  colors,  but  all 
boys  have  tlie  same  creed:  To  enjoy  every 
second  of  every  minute  of  every  hour  of 
every  day  and  to  protest  with  noise  (their 
only  weapon)  when  their  last  minute  is  fin- 
ished and  the  adult  males  pack  them  off  to 
bed  at  night. 

Boys  are  found  everywhere— on  top  of, 
underneath,  inside  of,  climbing  on,  swing- 
ing from,  running  around,  or  jumping  to. 
Mothers  love  them,  little  girls  hate  them, 
older  sisters  and  brothers  tolerate  them, 
adults  ignore  them,  and  Heaven  protects 
them.  A  boy  is  Truth  with  dirt  on  its  face. 
Beauty  with  a  cut  on  its  finger.  Wisdom 
with  bubble  gum  in  its  hair,  and  the  Hope 
of  the  future  with  a  frog  in  its  pocket.  When 
you  are  busy,  a  boy  is  an  inconsiderate, 
bothersome,  intruding  jangle  of  noise.  When 
you  want  him  to  make  a  good  impression, 
his  brain  turns  to  jelly  or  else  he  becomes 
a  savage,  sadistic,  jungle  creature  bent  on 
destroying  the  world  and  himself  with  it. 

A  boy  is  a  composite— he  has  the  appetite 
of  a  horse,  tlie  digestion  of  a  sword  swal- 
lower,  the  energy  of  a  pocket-size  atomic 
bomb,  tlie  curiosity  of  a  cat,  the  lungs  of  a 
dictator,  the  imagination  of  a  Paul  Bunyan, 
tlie  shyness  of  a  violet,  the  audacity  of  a 
steel  trap,  tlie  enthusiasm  of  a  firecracker, 
and  when  he  makes  something  he  has  five 
thumbs   on  each  hand. 

He  likes  ice  cream,  knives,  saws,  Christ- 
mas, comic  books,  the  boy  across  the  street, 
woods,  water  (in  its  natural  habitat),  large 
animals,  Dad,  trains,  Saturday  mornings, 
and  fire  engines.  He  is  not  much  for  Sun- 
day School,  company,  schools,  books  with- 
out pictures,  music  lessons,  neckties,  bar- 
bers, girls,  overcoats,  adults,  or  bedtime. 

Nobody  else  is  so  early  to  rise,  or  so  late 
to  supper.  Nobody  else  gets  so  much  fun 
out  of  trees,  dogs,  and  breezes.  Nobody 
else  can  cram  into  one  pocket  a  rusty  knife, 
a  half-eaten  apple,  3  feet  of  string,  an 
empty  Bull  Durham  sack,  2  gum  drops,  6 
cents,  a  slingshot,  a  chunk  of  unknown  sub- 
stance, and  a  genuine  super-sonic  code  ring 
with  a  secret  compartment. 

A  boy  is  a  magical  creature— you  can 
lock  him  out  of  your  work  shop,  but  you 
can't  lock  him  out  of  your  heart.  You  can 
get  him  out  of  your  study,  but  you  can't 
get  him  out  of  your  mind.    Might  as  well 

give   up he    is    your    captor,    your    jailer, 

your  boss,  and  your  master— a  freckled-face. 


pint-sized  cat-chasing  bundle  of  noise.  But 
when  you  come  home  at  night  with  only  the 
shattered  pieces  of  your  hopes  and  dreams, 
he  can  mend  them  like  new  with  the  two 
magic  words— "Hi,  Dad!" 

•     *     * 

HARD  TO  UNDERSTAND 

With  tlie  entrance  of  Chinese  Communist 
troops  into  the  Korean  war,  the  situation 
has  become  thoroughly  confused.  What  the 
ultimate  results  will  be,  no  one  can  prophesy 
with  any  degree  of  certainty.  The  Orien- 
tal mind  has  always  been  an  enigma  to  the 
western  world— as  a  great  humorist  found 
out  on  a  trip  to  the  Far  East. 

Walking  with  a  native  guide  on  the  out- 
skirts of  Shanghai,  the  late  George  Ade 
found  his  passage  impeded  by  the  passing 
of  a  long  and  solemn  procession.  A  mourn- 
ful chant,  broken  by  tlie  intermittent  clangor 
of  kettle-drums,  tom-toms,  and  cymbals, 
moved  Ade  to  uncover  and  bow  his  head, 
and  stand  solemn  and  silent  until  the  march- 
ers were   gone. 

"Buddha?"  the  American  author  inquired 
of  his  guide,  when  the  procession  had  dis- 
appeared. 

The  guide  stared  back,  unspealdng. 

"Confucius?"  Ade  asked. 

"I  do  not  understand,"  the  guide  replied. 

"Was  not  that  a  funeral?"  the  Hoosier 
inquired. 

The  guide  grinned. 

"No  funeral,"  he  replied;  "toothpaste  ad- 
vertisement." 


t 


(g)  1950  <^<-    $r-4*in^'r2 

"Sure  it's  a  grindstone!  When  a  work- 
ing man  loses  an  election  bet,  that's 
the  payoff r 


THE  LOCKER 

By  JOHN  HART,  Local  Union  366,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


No  advanced  knowledge  of  trigonometry  or  integral  calculus  is  required  to 
answer  these  questions.  All  you  need  is  a  sixth  grade  certificate  and  a  clear 
head.  This  is  a  good  chance  to  find  out  who's  the  brightest  in  the  family.  If 
you  want  to  make  a  contest  of  it  each  one  should  write  the  answers  on  his  own 
paper.  When  all  have  finished  the  answers  will  be  found  on  the  next  page. 

1.     A   number   of  small   cubes    are     OABC  is  a  rectangle.    How  long  is 
glued  together  to  form  this  large  cube,     the  line  AC? 
If  each  adjoining  side  is  glued,  then  ^^^^    a  -"-^^^^^  « 

the  total  number  of  glued  faces  is  how 
many? 


(D 


^ 

^ 

'    y    y    y — ti 

y^  y     y     y     y\  \ 

'  y  y  y 

y    y 

^^^    y    y 

y" 

y 

^  y 

y 

y 
y 
y 

y 

V 

2.  An  illiterate  painter  painted  this 
sign,  copying  in  his  own  way  an  in- 
scription written  by  an  innkeeper.  Can 
you  read  it? 


(D 


ORE  STABJT  FORTI 

SAR  AREP  LACET 

ORESTAT 


3.     What  3  of  these  numbers  total 
fifty? 


E 


\5  I  ^T  I 


Ci     X 


.  RSI  3 


Vi, 


^_  I  V  I  K  I  JJ 

rCTl       I  Y   I  Z   IWTB 


4.  This  is  easy  too.  What  3  of  these 
letters  spell  an  English  word  mean- 
ing twisted? 

5.  Common  reasoning  rather  than 
geometry  is  involved  here.  O  is  the 
center  of  a  circle  18  ins.  in  diameter. 


6.      How  many  F's  in  this  sentence? 
French  foods  are  famous  and  are 
the  result  of  scientific  experiment  com- 
bined with  years  of  informal  experi- 


ence. 


/ 

- 

\ 

1 

\ 

\ 

— 

r 

7 

i 

\ 

7 

/ 

- 

— 

\ 

\ 

1 

\ 

\, 

1 

B 


® 


7.     Which  of  the  figures  B,  C,  D,  is 
constructed  similar  to  A? 


;:&:; 


^l^v:^ 


® 


:-.c:.:/ 


vm 


® 


8.  Which  of  the  figures  B,  C,  D,  E, 
F,  can  be  put  together  to  form  the 
figure  A? 

9.  Which  of  these  pieces  if  fitted] 
together  would  form  an  outline  simi- 
lar to  A? 


THE    CARPENTER 


17 


® 


1  ^ 

10.  10  matches  fonn  this  house.  The 
gable  faces  right.  Pick  up  2  matches 
and  relay  them  to  show  the  gable  fac- 
ing left. 


■  I 

—^—m^.   __^_    i^aM_- 


11.  How  many  squares  and  oblongs 
can  you  find  in  this  figure?  Bet  you're 
wrong. 


1. 


2. 


ANSWERS    TO   "THE   LOCKER' 


288.  Altogether  there  are  64  cubes.  6 
faces  to  each.  384  faces.  Only  the 
outside  faces  are  unglued.  These  total 
6x16  =  96.  Subtract  this  from  the 
total  faces  (384)  and  you  get  the  an- 
swer.   That  tlie  way  you  did  it? 


O  REST  A  BIT  FOR  'TIS  A  RARE 
PLACE  TO  REST  AT.  We  have  heard 
there  is  such  a  sign  outside  an  inn  in 
England.  If  the  innkeeper  sells  a  beer 
every  time  a  question  is  asked  about  it 
he  should  be  doing  nicely. 

3.  6,  25,  19.  You  shouldn't  have  had 
much  trouble  with  tliat. 

4.  Wry.  Some  people  get  stuck  on  that 
one. 

5.  9  inches.  If  the  diagonal  were  drawn 
the  opposite  way  from  O  to  B  it  would 
be  readily  seen  that  it  is  the  radius  of 
the  circle.  So  if  OB  equals  9  inches 
then  AC  must  be  9  inches  also. 


6.  7  F's.    Some  people  make  it  5. 

7.  B.       . 

8.  C  and  D. 

9.  C  and  F.  7,  8  and  9  used  to  be  Army 
tests  for  aptitude  in  visual  ability  and 
form  recognition.  Not  a  very  severe 
test  you'll  admit. 

10.  Pick  up  3  and  4.  Lay  3  down  directly 
over  9  to  form  the  eave.  Lay  4  paired 
up  with  2  to  form  the  gable. 

11.  51.  Here's  a  practical  way  to  do  this. 
1x1  squares  ...1x2.  ..1x3... 
1x4.  ..2x2.  ..2x3.  ..2x4... 
Total  51. 

NOTE:  Some  of  these  problems  are 
hoary  with  age.  It's  hard  to  explain  where 
they  originated.  They  go  in  for  tliis  sort  of 
stuflF  qxiite  a  lot  in  England.  Very  likely 
tliat's  where  most  of  them  come  from. 


NEW  LOCALS  CHARTERED 


2347 
2349 
2358 
2360 
2361 
2363 
2365 
2366 
2372 
2382 
2387 
2388 
2392 


Algoma,  Wis.  2394 

Socorro,  N.   Mex.  2399 
Kansas   City,  Mo.                                     .    2402 

Columbia,  Tenn.  2403 

Roscommon,   Mich.  2411 

Denver,  Colo.  2412 

Detroit,  Mich.  2413 

Berry's  Mills,  N.  B.,  Can.  2418 

Monticello,  Sullivan  Co.,  N.  Y.  2590 

Spokane,  Wash.  2595 

Williamsport,  Penn.  2596 

Newark,  N.  J.  2987 

Cadillac,  Mich.  2598 


Philadelphia,  Penn. 
Durham,  N.  C. 
Wickenburg,  Ariz. 
Richland,  Wash. 
Jasksonville,  Fla. 
Qualicum,  B.  C,  Can. 
Glenwood  Springs,  Colo. 
Thomasville,  Ga. 
Bieme,  Ark. 
Asheville,  N.  C. 
Georgetown,  S.  C. 
Ludington,    Mich. 
Georgetown,  S.  C. 


Official  Information 


General  Officers  of 

THE  UNITED  BROTHERHOOD  of  CARPENTERS  and  JOINERS 

of  AMERICA 

Qejteeal  Office  :  Carpenters'  Bnilding,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 


Geneeal  President 

WM.   L.   HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'  Bnilding,  Indianapolis,   Ind. 


First  Geneeal  Vice-Peesident 

M.  A.  HUTCHESON 

Carpenters'    Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


Acting  Seceetaet 

ALBERT    E.    FISCHER 

Carpenters'  Building,  Indianapolla,  Ind. 


Second  General  Vice-President 
JOHN   R.    STEVENSON 

Carpenters'   Building,    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Treascebr 

S.  P.  MEADOWS 

Carpenters'    Building.    Indianapolis,    Ind. 


General  Executive  Board 


First   District,    CHARLES   JOHNSON,    JR. 
Ill  E.  22nd   St.,   New  York  10,   N.   Y. 


Fifth  District,  R.  E.  ROBEBTS 
3819  Cuming  St.,  Omaha,  Nebr. 


Second   District.    O.   WM.    BLAIBB 
933  E.   Magee,   Philadelphia  11,  Pa. 


Sixth  District,   A.   W.  MUIB 
Box  1168,  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 


Third  District.  HARRY   SCHWARZEB 
1248   Walnut   Ave.,    Cleveland,    O. 


Seventh  District 


Fourth   District.    ROLAND    ADAMS 
712   West  Palmetto   St.,   Florence,    S.   C. 


WM.  L.  HUTCHESON.   Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Acting  Secretary 


All  correspondence  for  the  General  Executive  Board  must  be  sent  to  the  Acting  Secretary 

REPORT    OF    THE     DELEGATES     TO     THE     SIXTY-^j 

NINTH     ANNUAL     CONVENTION     OF     THE 
AMERICAN  FEDERATION  OF  LABOR 


To  the  General  E.xecutive  Board: 

The  SLxty-ninth  Annual  Convention  of  the  .American  Federation  of  Labor  was  held  in 
Houston,  Te.xas,  in  tlie  City'  Auditorium,  beginning  September  18,  1930  and  lasting  six 
days. 

The  record  of  the  Convention  shows  572  delegates  as  follows: 


I 


Number 

of 
Unions 

Name 

Number 

of 
Delegates 

Number 

of 

Votes 

94 
4 

National  and  International  Unions 

Departments                           _   _                   - 

366 

4 

38 

122 

39 

3 

572 

66,872 
4 

38 

State  Branches                                        _ 

38 

122 

43 
2 

Central  Labor  Unions 

Local  Trade  and  Federal  Labor  Unions — 
Fraternal  Organizations 

122 

361 
3 

303 

67,400 

I 


r 


I 


I 


I 


THE    CARPENTER  19 

The  report  of  the  Executive  Council  sets  forth,  in  part  the  following: 
The  past  year  has  been  one  of  unusual  tensions  due  to  our  realization  that  an  impla- 
cable foe  of  our  way  of  life  was  constantly  plotting  and  contriving  to  gain  an  advantage 
over  the  nations  that  were  honestly  trying  to  lix-e  up  to  agreements.  Repeated  incidents 
of  temtonal  aggression  through  trickery  and  the  use  of  Communist  emissaries,  trained  in 
re^  olution  and  tlie  corruption  of  nationals,  has  kept  the  world  uneasily  conscious  that  no 
secunty  existed  through  the  United  Nations,  through  peaceful  conference  or  through 
treaty. 

The  same  undercurrents  of  uncertainty  and  apprehension  characterized  our  economic 
and  pohtical  life.  We  have  continuously  felt  the  need  to  be  on  the  defensive  to  protect 
our  institutions  and  almost  afraid  to  let  them  operate  normally  for  fear  any  readjustment 
may  be  interpreted  to  mean  breakdown.  The  situation  forces  many  expenditures  when 
economies  would  be  the  part  of  wisdom. 

Yet,  in  spite  of  these  unfa^•orable  facts,  there  has  been  wholesome  progress  in  our 
trade  union  movement.  Our  fundamental  principles  have  witlistood  additional  tests  and 
many  more  have  come  to  share  our  behef  that  our  problems  are  fundamentallv  economic 
and  are  best  dealt  witli  tlirough  collective  bargaining.  We  have  releamed  the  'lesson  that 
vv-hat  law-makers  may  give,  tliey  may  also  take  away. 

We  grow  increasingly  restive  under  tlie  Taft-Hartley  Act  and  of  the  continued  failure 
of  Congress  to  give  us  rehef  from  provisions  of  a  law  which  prevents  unions  from  per- 
forming normal  and  necessarj'  functions  and  imposes  provisions  which  the  administrators 
cannot  apply.    The  Taft-Hartley  law  is  repressive,  not  constructive  and  energizing. 

CHARTERS  ISSUED 

During  the  twelve  months  ending  August  31,  1950,  there  have  been  issued  170  charters 
to  central,  local  trade  and  federal  labor  unions;  of  this  number,  15  were  issued  to  the 
following  central  bodies: 

Arizona,  Yanapai;  California,  Sacramento;  Colorado,  Carson  City,  Duxango,  Los  Animas 
County;  Ilhnois,  Salem;  Indiana,  Columbus;  Iowa,  Iowa  City;  Missoiui,  Jefferson  Count\'; 
Montana,  Whitefish;  Xev/  Jersey,  Dover,  Salem  County;  Nortli  Dakota,  WiUiston;  Oregon^ 
Grants  Pass  &  Vicinity;  Wisconsin,  Park  Falls. 

The  following  is  a  statement  showing  the  number  of  charters  issued  during  the  twelve 
months  of  this  fiscal  year: 

1949-1950 

Central  Labor  Unions 15 

Local  Trade  Unions    102 

Federal  Labor  Unions 53 

Total    170 

RESTORATION  OF  CIL\RTER  AND  CHANGE  OF  TITLE  INTERNATIONAL 
METAL  ENGRAVERS  UNION 

The  Committee  concurs  in  the  recommendation  of  the  Council  that  the  charter  be  re- 
stored and  the  name  of  the  organization  be  changed  to: 

International  Metal  Engravers  and  Marking  Device  '\\'orkers  Union. 

There  is  no  problem  of  jurisdiction  involved. 

Your  Conunittee  would  note  that  year  after  year  we  report  tlie  establishment  of  new 
unions,  the  merging  of  others,  and  at  times,  the  dechne  or  disassociation  of  a  union. 

Your  Committee  beHeves  that  there  is  more  involved  in  the  changes  than  merely  the 
establishment  of  "a  new  union." 

The  growtli  of  our  movement  indicates  a  gro^^iil,  a  change  of  our  nation;  a  manifesta- 
tion of  significant  social  and  economic  trends.  These  trends  merit  our  study  as  much  as 
tlie  events  command  our  attention. 

Your  committee  recommends  that  the  Research  Department  of  the  American  Federa- 
tion of  Labor  be  instructed  to  prepare  for  the  Executive  Council  a  study  of  the  economic 
and  social  trends  involved  in  tlie  growtli  and  change  of  membership  of  the  American  Fed- 
eration of  Labor  itself,  and  changes  envisaged  which  are  Hkely  to  affect  the  whole  func- 
tional structure  of  tlie  whole  labor  mo\-ement. 

Committee  Secretar>'  Borchardt  mo\ed  the  adoption  of  this  section  of  the  committee's 
report. 

The  motion  was  seconded  and  unanimously  carried. 


20 


THE    CARPENTER 


The  following  is  the  yearly  membership  in  the  past  54  years: 


Year  Membership 

1897 264,825 

1898 278,016 

1899 349,422 

1900 548,321 

1901 787,537 

1902 1.024,399 

1903 1,465,800 

1904 1,576,200 

1905 1,494,300 

1906 1,454.200 

1907 1,538,970 

1908 1,586,885 

1909 1,482,872 

1910 1,562,112 

1911 1,761,835 

1912_: 1,770,145 

1913 1,996,004 

1914 2,020,671 

1915 1,946,347 

1916 2,072.702 

1917 2,371,434 

1918 2,726,478 

1919 3,260.068 

1920 4,078,740 

1921 3,906.528 

1922 3,195,635 

1923 2,926,468 


Year  Membership 

1924 2,865,799 

1925 2,877,297 

1926 2,803,966 

1927 2.812.526 

1928 2,896,063 

1929 2,933,545 

1930 2,961,096 

1931 2.889,550 

1932 2,532,261 

1933 2,126,796 

1934 2.608,011 

1935 3.045,347 

1936 3,422,398 

1937 2.860,933 

1938 3,623,087 

1939 4,006,354 

1940 4,247,443 

1941 4,569,056 

1942 5,482,581 

1943 6,564,141 

1944 6,806,913 

1945 6,931,221 

1946 7,151,808 

1947 7,577,716 

1948 7,220,531 

1949 7,241,290 

1950 7,142,603 


The  report  of  the  Executive  Council  to  the  69th  Annual  Convention  consists  of  228 
pages;  is  large  in  scope,  covering  every  phase  of  the  labor  movement,  such  as: 

Gompers  Centenary. 

National  and  State  Legislation. 

Taxation. 

U.  S.  Government  Employees. 

Minimum  Wage  Law. 

Mai^time. 

International  Labor  Organization. 

Physically  Handicapped. 

School  Health  Program. 

Housing. 

Developments  in  Social  Security. 

Unemployment  Compensation. 

Educational  Legislation. 

Public  Relations  and  the  Labor  Press. 

RESOLUTIONS 

Within  the  meaning  of  Section  3,  Article  6  of  the  A.  F.  of  L.  Constitution  there  were 
submitted  54  resolutions— by  consent  of  the  Convention  74  additional  resolutions  were 
presented,  making  a  total  of  128  resolutions.  Most  of  these  resolutions  were  handled  by 
the  Resolution  Committee  and  acted  on  by  the  Convention. 

The  resolutions  covered  varied  subjects,  such  as: 

Taft-Hartley  Law. 
Price  and  Wage  Control. 
Social  Security'. 
Adequate  Tariff. 
Taxes. 


THE    CARPENTER  21 

United  Nations. 

Condemning  Stockholm  Peace  Petition. 

Displaced  Persons. 

Election  Day. 

Unemployment  Law. 

Military  Encroachment. 

American  Copyright  Law. 

State  Federations. 

Anti  Poll  Tax. 

Public  Relations,  Radio  and  the  Labor  Press. 

BENEFITS 

Benefit  services  of  National  and  International  Unions  reported  for  the  year  of  1949 
amounts  to  $67,170,322.72. 

LABOR'S  LEAGUE  FOR  POLITICAL  EDUCATION 

A  session  was  devoted  to  the  reports  on  tlie  work  of  the  League. 

Senator  Wayne  Morse  was  the  special  guest  speaker.  Vice-president  Barkley  and  Sena- 
tor Paul  Douglas  of  Illinois  were  scheduled  to  address  the  Convention;  however  they  were 
detained  by  legislative  pressure  in  Washington. 

Administratively  Secretary  Meany  reported  on  the  funds  collected  for  Educational  and 
Political  Funds,  as  well  as  to  the  large  scale  Public  Relations  and  Education  activities  of 
the  League. 

Director  Keenan  gave  a  political  analysis— state  by  state.  His  report  was  very  concise 
and  positive,  despite  certain  setbacks  in  recent  elections. 

Presidential  Aide  Averell  Harriman  gave  a  very  forceful  and  convincing  address  during 
the  Convention  and  which  has  direct  relations  with  the  League's  activities,  i.e.,  "It  is  the 
responsibility  of  every  American  to  vote." 

Likewise,  Senator  Morse's  remarks  were  very  timely— particularly  as  to  the  various 
ramifications  under  the  cover  of  Taft-Hartley  Act. 

Th.e  selection  of  the  Convention  City  for  the  1951  Convention  was  referred  to  the 
Executive  Council. 

Fraternal  Delegates— Selection  was  left  to  the  Executive  Council. 

The  officers  elected  for  the  ensuing  term  are  as  follows: 

President— William  Green 

Secretary-Treasurer— George  Meany 

Vice  President  and  Members  of  the  Executive  Council 
1         Wm.  L.  Hutcheson 


2 

Matthew  WoU 

3 

Joseph  N.  Weber 

4 

George  N.  Harrison 

5 

Daniel  J.  Tobin 

6 

Harry  C.  Bates 

7 

Wm.  C.  Berthright 

8 

Wm.  C.  Doherty 

9 

David  Dubinsky 

10 

Charles  J.  McGowan 

11 

Herman  Winter 

12 

Daniel  W.  Tracy 

13 

Wm.  L.  McFetridge 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Wm.  L.  Hutcheson, 
M.  A.   Hutcheson, 
Frank  Duffy, 
Charles  W.  Hanson, 
Mike  J.  Sexton, 
Al  J.  Maier, 
Thomas  Hogan, 
Earl  Hartley, 

Delegates. 


22  THE    CARPENTER 

Report  of  the  Delegates  to  the  Forty-third  Annual  Convention 
of  the  Building  and  Construction  Trades  Depart- 
ment of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor 

To  the  General  Executive  Board: 
Greetings: 

The  Forty-third  Annual  Convention  of  the  Building  and  Construction  Trades  Depart- 
ment of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  convened  in  the  ballroom  of  the  Rice  Hotel, 
Houston,  Texas,  beginning  September  25,  1930.  Xinety-two  delegates  were  present  from 
nineteen  International  Unions  afBliated. 

The  President  of  the  Department  made  a  very  lengthy  and  comprehensive  report, 
which,  in  part,  is  as  follows: 

In  the  year  which  has  passed  since  I  made  my  last  report  the  Department  has  been 
called  upon  to  meet  many  situations  which  have  challenged  our  ex"perience  and  abihties 
to  the  full.  The  obstacles  which  have  been  placed  in  the  way  of  building  and  construc- 
tion trades  unions  by  the  Taft-Hartley  Act  have  forced  us  to  abandon  most  of  oiu:  time- 
tested  practices  and  techniques,  and  to  develop  new  ways  of  handhng  our  relationships 
with  our  employers,  and  witli  each  odier.  I  have  done  my  best  to  keep  infonned  at  all 
times  as  to  the  effects  the  law  was  having  on  building  and  construction  trades  unions,  and 
to  attempt  to  determine  how  best  we  could  operate  to  avoid  the  destruction  of  our  organi- 
zation, which  was  so  obviously  the  purpose  of  the  men  who  wrote  the  law.  That  we  have 
not  yet  felt  to  the  full  the  effects  of  the  law  is  due  in  large  part,  I  beheve,  to  the  fact 
that  the  building  and  construction  industry  has  been  operating  at  an  all  time  high  level 
of  activity,  and  even  tlie  most  persistently  anti-union  employers  are  unwilling  to  risk  the 
delays  involved  in  invoking  the  law. 

The  report  continues  in  more  detail  on  the  developments  of  the  year. 

ECONOMIC  SITUATION  OF  THE  INDUSTRY 

A  year  ago  we  were  concerned  primarily  with  the  problems  involved  in  readjustment 
from  the  period  of  inflation  which  followed  immediately  tlie  close  of  the  war.  At  that 
time  the  Departments  of  Commerce  and  Labor  were  predicting  that  the  volume  of  construc- 
tion in  1950,  measured  either  in  dollar  or  physical  volume,  would  just  about  equal  that  of 
1949.  That  prediction  now,  at  the  end  of  June,  appears  much  too  modest.  In  the  first  six 
months  of  this  year  total  new  construction  was  up  17  per  cent  in  dollar  volume  in  com- 
parison with  the  first  six  months  of  1949.  Nor  has  private  construction  declined,  as  was 
expected.  The  dollar  \'olume  of  private  construction  on  the  contrary  went  up  by  20  per 
cent  in  the  first  half  of  the  year,  in  comparison  with  the  same  period  a  year  ago,  while 
residential  building  rose  by  48  per  cent  in  the  same  period.  It  was  this  unexpected  and 
spectacular  rise  in  housing  during  tlie  last  half  of  1949  and  the  first  half  of  1950  which 
has  in  large  part  been  responsible  for  tlie  all-time  high  level  of  activity  in  the  building 
and  construction  industry'.  Indications  are  that  the  remainder  of  this  year  will  be  equally 
good  as  far  as  housing  is  concerned,  although  emergency  and  war  needs  may  cause  a  fall- 
ing off  in  the  last  months  of  the  year.  Well  over  a  half-million  non-farm  housing  starts 
were  made  in  the  first  six  months  of  1950,  in  comparison  to  the  449,050  units  started  in  the 
first  half  of  1949.  During  1949  housing  starts  numbered  1,025,100.  This  record  is  verj- 
impressive,  but  it  must  not  be  taken  as  an  indication  that  the  housing  shortage  is  at  an 
end.  The  best  estimates  available  are  that  the  housing  needs  of  the  country'  can  be  met 
only  if  1,500,000  units  are  put  under  construction  each  year  for  the  next  ten  years. 

All  our  judgments  and  estimates  of  the  future  are,  of  course,  profoundly  modified  and 
changed  by  the  plunge  into  a  defense  and  war  economy  which  occurred  with  the  Com- 
munist invasion  of  South  Korea  in  late  June.  There  was  no  immediate  effect  on  housing 
starts,  which  totaled  144,000  in  July,  the  highest  figure  ever  reached.  It  is  certain,  ho\^'- 
ever,  that  before  many  months  material  shortages  will  appear,  and  increased  material  prices 
will  result  in  a  faUing  off  of  civiHan  construction.  Even  before  the  invasion  of  Korea  an 
exceedingly  rapid  rise  in  building  material  prices  was  evident.  The  index  of  wholesale 
prices,  for  example,  had  jumped  from  285.2  in  December,  1949,  to  310.8  in  early  June  and 
by  the  end  of  that  month  the)-  had  reached  an  all-time  high.  The  wholesale  price  index  of 
all  building  materials  in  June,  1950,  was  6  per  cent  abo^■e  diat  of  June,  1949,  and  stood  at 
202.6.    By  August  8  of  this  year,  it  had  gone  up  to  212.7. 


I 


THE    CARPENTER  23 

As  costs  of  construction  increase,  eflForts  are  again  being  made  to  place  much  of  the 
blame  for  the  increase  on  labor.  That  this  is  false  is  shown  by  the  recorded  increase  in 
hourly  wage  rates  and  in  weekly  earnings  of  building  tradesmen.  In  the  first  six  months 
of  this  year  union  wage  scales  of  building  trades  workers,  according  to  studies  mad(>  by 
the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  advanced  by  only  2.8  per  cent,  and  between  July  1,  1949, 
and  July  1,  1950,  the  increase  in  union  wage  scales  was  only  4  per  cent,  approximately 
the  same  as  the  increase  for  the  year  between  July  1,  1948,  and  July  1,  1949.  Average 
weekly  earnings  of  building  tradesmen  on  contract  construction  in  May  of  this  year  were 
$73.60.  While  employment  has  certainly  been  steadier  in  the  past  year  than  has  been 
customary  in  our  industry,  it  is  still  true  that  much  time  has  been  lost  by  most  building 
tradesmen  because  of  weather  and  other  interruptions  of  the  work.  Judged  on  the  com- 
parison of  the  increase  in  hourly  wage  rates  of  union  building  tradesmen  and  the  con- 
sumers' price  index  of  the  Department  of  Labor,  building  tradesmen  have  hardly  been 
able  to  hold  their  own,  and  the  inflation  which  began  immediately  after  the  invasion  of 
Korea  has  seriously  worsened  their  position. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  man-hour  productivity  of  building  tradesmen  has  increased 
very  greatly  during  the  past  year.  Some  estimates  are  that  it  has  increased  by  as  much  as 
25  per  cent  in  some  localities,  and  there  is  general  agreement  that  it  has  been  noteworthy 
in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Comparison  of  the  total  volume  of  construction,  of  the  average 
hours  of  work,  and  of  the  average  number  of  men  employed  in  construction  show  that  a 
greater  volume  of  work  was  turned  out  in  the  past  year  by  fewer  workers,  on  a  shorter 
average  work  week.  While  this  is  not  an  accurate  measure  of  the  amount  by  which  man- 
hotiT  productivity  has  increased,  it  is  proof  that  such  an  increase  has  taken  place.  If 
material  shortages  again  become  serious,  as  now  seems  very  probable,  there  is  danger 
that  man-hour  productivity  may  again  decline. 

On  the  whole  we  can  look  back  at  the  past  year  with  pride,  and  forward  to  tlie  coming 
year  with  the  conviction  that  we  are  prepared,  as  we  have  always  been  in  the  past,  to 
bear  the  full  measure  of  our  responsibility  in  the  crisis  which  our  country  faces. 

APPRENTICE  TRAINING  PROGRAM 

The  apprenticeship  program  in  our  industry  slowed  down  somewhat  during  the  past 
year.  There  was,  however,  a  gradual  increase  in  the  number  of  joint  apprenticeship  com- 
mittees. As  of  December  31,  1949,  there  was  a  total  of  3,244  joint  apprenticeship  com- 
mittees in  the  building  trades.  As  of  March  1,  1950,  the  best  estimates  we  were  able  to 
secure  indicated  a  total  of  close  to  130,000  apprentices,  both  registered  and  unregistered, 
in  training  in  the  various  trades.  The  Bureau  of  Apprenticeship  anticipated,  in  January 
of  this  year,  that  some  36,000  craftsmen  viall  be  added  to  the  skilled  labor  force  in  the 
building  and  construction  industry  in  1950.  Basing  tlieir  estimates  on  the  date  of  entry 
into  apprenticeship,  and  on  a  later  check  of  those  who  had  continued  in  training,  the 
Bureau  said  that  13,344  carpenters'  apprentices  will  complete  their  training  this  year, 
with  an  additional  1,913  in  cabinet  making;  the  second  largest  number  of  completions 
will  be  in  the  electrical  trades,  with  a  total  of  6,540;  in  the  brick,  stone  and  tile-lajdng 
trades,  3,533  apprentices  are  expected  to  complete  their  training;  in  the  plumbing  and 
pipefitting  trades,  3,415;  in  sheet  metal,  3,007;  in  painting;  1,815;  in  plastering,  1,494. 
These  figures  are  a  categorical  answer  to  the  critics  of  building  and  construction  trades 
unions  on  the  ground  that  they  have  failed  to  develop  apprentice  training  as  rapidly  as 
possible. 

JURISDICTIONAL  DISPUTES 

When  I  submitted  my  report  last  year  on  the  National  Joint  Plan  for  the  Settlement  of 
Jurisdictional  Disputes,  revisions  of  the  original  Plan  had  been  approved  by  tlie  Executive 
Council  of  the  Department  for  submission  to  our  Forty-second  Annual  Convention.  The 
representatives  of  the  contractors'  associations  participating  in  the  Plan  had  also  accepted 
the  proposed  revisions. 

The  changes  in  the  Plan  were  approved  by  the  Convention  and  went  into  efiFect  on 
October  1,  1949.  The  revised  Plan  is  to  remain  in  efiFect  until  December  31st  of  this  year, 
and  each  year  thereafter  unless  it  is  terminated  by  one  of  the  parties  to  the  Plan.  Notice 
in  writing  of  a  desire  for  change,  or  for  termination  of  the  Plan,  is  to  be  given  at  least 
thirty  days  prior  to  the  31st  of  December  of  any  year  subsequent  to  1949.  The  Plan  may, 
of  course,  be  changed  or  ended  at  any  time  by  mutual  consent. 

(Continued  on  page  27) 


Editorial 


llill!i!lilll!l!iliil!il|iiii 


We  Can  Defeat  Ourselves  Through  Taxes 

Probably  by  the  time  these  words  reach  print  Congress  will  be  working 
on  a  new  tax  bill  since  digging  up  enough  revenue  to  pay  the  cost  of  the 
Korean  War  is  one  of  the  most  pressing  problems  of  the  moment.  That  any- 
new  tax  bill  will  hurt  goes  without  saving  in  view  of  the  tremendous  squeeze 
which  steadily  mounting  prices  are  exerting  on  the  average  wage  earner. 
Most  people  already  are  finding  it  hard  to  make  ends  meet;  any  additional 
tax  burden  will  necessitate  a  lower  standard  of  li\"ing  for  most  of  us  in  spite 
of  anything  we  can  do.  Howe\-er,  if  our  tax  dollars  can  pre\'ent  a  major  war 
and  protect  us  from  the  menace  of  communism,  nearly  any  price  wHL  be  a 
cheap  one  to  pay. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  is  time  that  the  nation  faced  the  fact  that  unbridled 
taxation  can  sap  the  vitality  of  a  country  and  lead  it  to  complete  disintegration 
as  fast  as  any  other  one  thing.  Histor}'  is  replete  with  examples  of  empires 
that  crumbled  under  unbearable  tax  loads.  It  is  not  beyond  the  realm  of 
possibilit}'  for  communism  to  gain  the  ultimate  victory  by  bleeding  our  nation 
dry  tlirough  taxes  made  necessary'  by  cold  wars  and  threats  of  hot  ones.  In 
fact  there  are  those  experts  who  already  are  convinced  precisely  that  is  the 
Kremlin's  present  game. 

It  is  time  that  all  of  us  understood  the  tax  situation  thoroughly.  As  of  now, 
the  average  American  is  paying  out  something  like  twent\'-eight  cents  out  of 
e\er\-  dollar  he  earns  in  taxes.  Put  another  way,  you  and  I  are  working  three 
and  a  l^alf  months  out  of  each  }-ear  to  keep  oiurseh'es  governed  at  the  local, 
state  and  national  level.  Breaking  it  down  on  a  weekly  basis,  each  of  us  con- 
tributes better  than  ele\'en  hours  of  his  weekly  earnings  (based  on  a  forty- 
hour  week)  to  keep  the  municipal,  state  and  federal  governments  going.  Some 
taxes  we  pay  in  the  form  of  witliholding  tax,  some  we  pay  as  state  income 
taxes  or  gasoline  taxes  or  tobacco  taxes.  These  are  the  taxes  we  are  aware  of. 
But  there  are  many  others  we  are  not  aware  of.  For  example,  we  pay  through  J'| 
higher  prices  for  merchandise  all  taxes  which  are  le\'ied  on  corporations.  The 
corporations  ha\'e  to  make  a  profit  if  tlie>'  want  to  stay  in  business,  ^^^hene^■er 
the  government  slaps  a  tax  on  them,  they  pass  it  along  to  the  consumer  by 
adding  it  into  the  prices  they  charge.    In  the  end,  you  and  I  pay  the  tax. 

Howe\'er,  despite  the  large  slice  go\"emment  is  now  taking  out  of  our 
earnings,  the  revenue  obtained  thereby  is  not  enough.  Congress  must  imme- 
diately devise  ways  and  means  of  raising  more  money.  The  only  way  the 
government  can  raise  money  is  through  more  taxation.  Whether  we  like  it 
or  not  more  taxes  are  coming.  The  only  alternative  most  of  us  ha\'e  will  be  to 
cinch  up  our  belts  another  notch. 


THE    CARPENTER  25 

In  drawing  up  the  new  tax  bill,  Congress  ought  to  bear  two  things  in  mind. 
First,  cutting  expenses  is  the  equivalent  of  taking  in  more  money.  All  non- 
essential spending  should  be  pared  to  the  bone.  Second,  ability  to  pay  should 
be  given  top  consideration.  It  is  elementary  that  those  who  have  most  can  pay 
most  without  suffering. 

However,  there  are  many  indications  that  the  new  Congress  will  be  little 
disposed  to  sympathize  with  the  working  man.  Last  month's  election  went  to 
the  Big  Business  interests.  Big  Business  will  derive  the  benefits.  Already  it 
seems  certain  that  an  excess  profits  tax  is  a  dead  pigeon.  Instead  there  is 
plenty  of  talk  about  some  other  kind  of  a  corporation  tax.  If  an  excess  profits 
tax  is  passed  up,  the  consumer  will  have  to  pay  through  the  nose. 

Outside  of  the  moral  considerations  involved  in  corporations  making 
enormous  profits  out  of  wars  in  which  other  citizens  are  giving  their  lives, 
an  excess  profits  tax  serves  another  very  useful  purpose;  it  tends  to  hold  down 
prices.  If  corporations  can  only  make  so  much  money,  there  is  little  incentive 
for  them  to  profiteer.  On  the  other  hand,  a  small  increase  in  ordinary  cor- 
poration taxes  (which  the  consumer  pays  anyhow)  merely  makes  it  a  little 
bit  harder  to  amass  extraordinary  profits.  In  fact,  the  temptation  to  whip  up 
enormous  profits  through  profiteering  is  enhanced. 

What  happened  in  last  month's  election  is  beyond  the  power  of  this  journal 
to  analyze.  However,  most  political  observers  are  inclined  to  think  that  the 
tax  burden  had  more  to  do  with  the  results  than  any  other  one  thing.  Such 
could  very  well  be  the  case.  People  are  getting  more  benefits  from  their  gov- 
ernment than  they  ever  did.  But  they  are  also  paying  more  taxes  than  they 
evere  did.  What  they  have  to  decide  is,  are  they  getting  their  money's  worth? 
The  average  man  now  pays  out  something  like  twenty-eight  per  cent  of  his 
income  in  taxes.  In  return  he  gets  many  social  benefits.  The  point  is,  could 
the  man  do  better  if,  say,  his  taxes  were  reduced  to  fourteen  per  cent  without 
any  benefits  and  he  were  permitted  to  keep  the  other  fourteen  per  cent  to 
provide  his  own  security? 

It  is  not  only  the  federal  government  which  is  gouging  increasingly  large 
chunks  out  of  the  average  citizen's  dollar;  municipal  and  state  governments 
too  are  getting  bigger  shares  all  the  time.  Their  combined  take  has  more  than 
doubled  in  the  past  ten  years.  And  the  trend  is  still  upward.  Despite  the 
huge  tax  increases,  most  cities  and  states  are  virtually  bankrupt  nevertheless. 

All  in  all,  the  tax  situation  is  extremely  serious.  The  people  must  be 
aroused  to  the  dangers  involved.  If  it  takes  more  taxes  to  beat  communism, 
we  are  all  willing  to  pay  them.  But  let  us  not  bleed  ourselves  into  defeat 
through  unfair,  impossible  taxes  and  thereby  give  communism  a  victory  by 

default. 

— • 

A  Boon  To  The  Reds 

A  number  of  corporations  which  are  constantly  receiving  literature  from 
various  employers'  organizations  telling  them  how  wonderful  the  Taft-Hartley 
Law  is  must  be  scratching  their  heads  in  wonderment.  Particularly  must  this 
be  true  of  some  half  dozen  firms  which  have  recently  tried  to  rid  themselves 
of  employes  strongly  suspected  of  being  communistic.   These  firms  are  find- 


26  THE    CARPENTER 

ing  out  that  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  makes  it  extremely  difficult  if  not  virtually 
impossible  for  them  to  get  rid  of  suspected  communists. 

As  this  was  being  \M-itten,  Buick  was  vainly  tr\ing  to  dump  an  employe 
logically  branded  as  a  communist.  The  Automobile  Workers  not  only  con- 
\icted  the  worker  of  being  a  communist,  but  once  actually  threw  him  out 
of  the  plant  bodily.   However,  at  this  writing,  he  was  still  on  the  job. 

The  Auto  XA'orkers  have  a  modified  maintenance-of-membership  agree- 
ment with  Buick.  "^A'hen  the  union  satisfied  itself  that  the  man  in  question 
was  a  communist,  it  preferred  charges  against  him  and  expelled  him.  Under 
the  contract  the  union  could  ask  the  employer  to  fire  the  man  for  not  main- 
taining his  membership  in  the  union.  But  this  clashes  \^'ith  the  pro\isions  of 
the  Taft-Hartley  Law.  The  law  provides  that  no  union  can  insist  on  the 
discharge  of  a  worker  except  for  failure  to  keep  his  union  dues  paid  up.  In 
other  words,  non-payment  of  dues  is  the  only  valid  reason  a  union  has  for 
demanding  under  its  maintenance-of-membership  contract  that  a  man  be 
discharged. 

So  Buick  has  been  caught  in  the  bite  of  the  line  by  the  Taft-Hartley  Law. 
By  firing  the  man  in  accordance  with  the  union's  wishes,  the  company  would 
lay  itself  open  to  a  coiui:  suit  by  the  discharged  man  under  the  no-discrimi- 
nation provisions  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Law.  On  the  other  hand,  keeping  the 
suspected  communist  on  the  payroll  would  cause  the  employer  to  violate  his 
contract  with  the  union.  There  the  matter  stood  at  the  time  this  was  written. 
The  union  wanted  to  get  rid  of  the  red;  undoubtedly  the  company  wanted  to 
get  rid  of  him  too.  But  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  says  no.  .Any  way  you  look  at 
it  the  only  person  benefited  by  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  is  the  red.  The  com- 
munist gets  the  protection  and  the  employer  and  the  union  get  the  razzbe^r}^ 
And  that  is  the  great  ".American"  law  the  NAM  likes  so  well. 

Some  half  dozen  other  firms  have  found  themselves  in  a  similar  predica- 
ment recently.  The  Taft-Hartley  Law  stands  in  the  way  of  unions  tr}'ing  to 
rid  themselves  and  industr\'  of  men  whose  communistic  leanings  are  beyond 
any  reasonable  doubt.  To  that  extent,  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  is  a  boon  and  a 
balm  to  the  communists. 

Labor  unions  have  borne  the  brunt  of  the  communist  attack  for  thirt\' 
years.  But  for  the  valiant  fight  which  unions  have  put  up  against  communism, 
the  nation  today  might  be  all  communistic.  The  unions  were  fighting  com- 
munism while  the  rest  of  the  nation  was  asleep.  Over  the  years  the  unions 
had  to  devise  their  owm  ways  and  means  of  dealing  with  reds.  Through  trial 
and  error,  they  worked  out  a  system  that  got  results.  But  passage  of  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Law  changed  all  that.  What  the  anti-labor  forces  probably  had  in 
mind  at  the  time  they  wrote  the  no-discrimination  provisions  into  the  Taft- 
Hartley  Law  was  the  paving  of  the  way  for  company-  stooges  and  stool  pigeons 
to  enter  unions  for  the  employers'  benefit.  Whatever  the  motive,  one  thing 
is  clear;  communists  are  now  basking  in  the  protection  the  Taft-Hartley  Law 
offers  them.  This  was  something  labor  warned  against  ver\'  emphatically  at 
the  time  the  law  was  in  debate.  However,  the  anti-labor  interests  seemed 
more  interested  in  cracking  dowTi  on  unions  than  in  fighting  communism  and 
they  are  now  pa\ing  a  high  price  for  their  bullheadedness.  .And  they  still 
say  the  Taft-Hartley  Law  is  a  good  piece  of  legislation. 


1 


THE    CARPENTER  27 

(Continued  from  page  23) 

The  Plan  now  in  effect  has  speeded  up  the  settlement  of  jurisdictional  disputes,  and 
has  succeeded  in  reducing  the  number  of  work  stoppages  because  of  such  disputes.  A 
National  Joint  Board  has  replaced  the  Board  of  Trustees  which  was  set  up  under  the 
original  Plan.  The  National  Joint  Board  consists  of  the  impartial  chairman,  four  labor 
members  selected  by  the  Executive  Council  of  the  Department,  and  four  employer  mem- 
bers, two  of  whom  are  selected  by  and  represent  the  general  contractors'  associations,  the 
other  two  of  whom  are  selected  by  and  represent  the  specialty  contractors'  associations. 
The  National  Joint  Board  held  thirty-four  meetings  between  October  1,  1949,  and  the 
end  of  August,  1950.  I  participated  in  twenty-one  of  the  meetings.  The  others  I  was 
unable  to  attend  because  of  unavoidable  absence  from  Washington.  At  the  meetings 
which  I  could  not  attend  I  was  represented  by  proxy. 

The  principal  change  in  the  Plan,  and  the  one  which  is  primarily  responsible  for  the 
greater  speed  with  which  disputes  are  being  adjusted,  is  that  which  permits  the  National 
Joint  Board  to  render  job  decisions.  Such  decisions  were  not  possible  under  the  original 
Plan.  When  a  dispute  is  filed  the  National  Joint  Board  investigates  the  claims  of  the 
unions  which  are  party  to  the  dispute,  and  determines  whether  or  not  the  dispute  is 
covered  by  an  agreement  or  a  decision  of  record.  If  it  is,  the  National  Joint  Board  issues 
a  ruhng  to  that  effect,  and  decides  which  one  of  the  disputing  unions  has  the  rightful 
claim  to  the  work  in  question.  When  the  Joint  Board  finds  that  no  agreement  or  decision 
of  record  exists,  it  makes  a  job  decision,  apphcable  only  on  the  job  affected,  after  a  con- 
sideration of  the  established  area  practices. 

A  national  decision  may  be  secured  in  one  of  tliree  ways:  (1)  a  dispute  may  be  sub- 
mitted with  the  request  that , it  go  to  a  Hearings  Panel;  (2)  a  job  decision  of  the  National 
Joint  Board  may  be  appealed  to  a  Hearings  Panel  by  any  of  tlie  national  or  international 
unions  concerned  in  the  dispute  (no  contractor  or  contractor's  association  has  this  right  of 
appeal);  (3)  the  National  Joint  Board  may  itself  refer  a  case  to  a  Hearings  Panel. 

Before  a  case  goes  to  a  Hearings  Panel  the  impartial  chairman  arranges  a  conference 
with  the  General  Presidents  of  the  unions  involved  in  an  attempt  to  reach  an  agreement. 
Only  one  Hearings  Panel  had  been  established  as  of  July  31,  1950.  Two  agreements  were 
reached  during  the  year,  between  the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  and 
the  International  Hod  Carriers,  Building  and  Common  Laborers'  Union,  on  the  stripping 
of  forms,  and  between  the  International  Brotlierhood  of  Boilermakers,  Iron  Ship  Builders 
and  Helpers  of  America  and  the  International  Association  of  Bridge,  Structural  and 
Ornamental  Iron  Workers  on  the  installation  of  wire  mesh  on  stacks  and  breeching.  In 
addition  a  number  of  temporary  understandings  have  been  reached  between  tlie  General 
Presidents  of  unions  involved  in  disputes,  and  these  have  kept  work  going  in  a  number  of 
cases  without  the  necessity  of  intervention  by  the  National  Joint  Board. 

The  National  Labor  Relations  Board  has  continued  its  refusal  to  process  complaints 
of  jurisdictional  disputes  involving  only  building  trades  unions,  on  the  theory  that  they 
should  be  taken  care  of  under  the  National  Joint  Plan.  Since  the  National  Labor  Relations 
Board  has  consistently  followed  its  policy  on  jurisdictional  disputes,  announced  last  year, 
of  permitting  an  employer  to  assign  work  as  he  sees  fit  so  long  as  his  assignment  does  not 
run  counter  to  an  order  or  decision  of  the  Board  itself,  we  have  in  large  part  been  pro- 
tected by  the  National  Joint  Plan  from  the  confusion  and  even  chaos,  which  could  have 
resulted  from  tlie  jurisdictional  dispute  provisions  of  the  Taft-Hartley  Act  if  these  dis- 
putes had  gone  to  the  National  Labor  Relations  Board.'  While  the  National  Joint  Plan, 
either  as  originally  drafted  or  as  now  in  effect,  is  by  no  means  the  answer  to  tlie  problem 
of  the  quick,  peaceful  and  orderly  settlement  of  jurisdictional  disputes,  it  has  in  all  events 
helped  to  overcome  some  of  the  difficulties  created  by  the  Taft-Hartley  Act.  We  still 
have  far  to  go  to  work  out  a  completely  satisfactory  method  not  only  of  settling  jurisdic- 
tional disputes  as  they  arise,  but  of  preventing  such  disputes  from  arising.  Intelligent, 
forward-looking  and  cooperative  efforts  of  all  building  and  construction  trades  unions  can 
go  far  to  reduce  the  number  and  the  impact  of  jurisdictional  disputes. 

THE  TAFT-HARTLEY  ACT 

The  RepubHcan-Southem  Democrat  coalition  which  was  created  almost  immediately 
after  the  1948  election  ruled  out  all  possibility  of  repeal  of  tlie  Taft-Hartley  Act  in  die 
81st  Congress.  We  have  urged,  and  will  continue  to  urge,  all  state  and  local  building  and 
construction  trades  councils  to  put  fordi  tlieir  utmost  efforts  to  elect  men  in  No\eniber 
who  are  pledged  to  repeal  of  the  Act.  I  am  far  from  optimistic  about  tlie  future  of  our 
organization  if  we  are  forced  to  live  for  long  under  the  Taft-Hartley  Act. 


28  THECARPENTER 

In  the  main  the  decisions  which  the  National  Labor  Relations  Board  has  handed  down 
in  the  past  year  have  followed  the  general  principles  it  established  in  earlier  decisions. 
There  have  been  many  cases  decided  against  our  unions  in  the  year  just  ending,  and  they 
prove  beyond  doubt  that  no  other  single  group  of  organized  labor  has  been  so  adversely 
aflFected  by  the  Act.  Even  yet,  however,  we  have  not  felt  the  full  impact  of  the  law,  since 
the  continued  high  level  of  acti\it\'  in  our  industry  has  made  many  anti-union  contractors 
un-R-ilhng  to  take  action  which  might  interrupt  their  work. 

The  customar>'  practices  and  customs  which  have  helped  to  make  our  organization 
one  of  the  strongest  in  the  entire  labor  movement  are  now,  for  the  most  part,  denied  us. 
We  are  forced  to  work  under  open-shop  conditions.  Even  the  limited  union-security 
possible  in  other  industries  is  not  available  to  us,  because  the  National  Labor  Relations 
Board  has  found  no  way  to  hold  either  representation  or  union-security  elections  among 
building  tradesmen. 

The  chaotic  and  uncertain  conditions  brought  about  by  the  Taft-Hartley  Act  have 
necessarily  demanded  a  large  share  of  the  time  and  energies  of  the  Department. 

The  President  of  the  Department  made  specific  reference  to  some  of  tlie  cases— in  the 
matter  of  representation,  elections,  injunctions,   etc.,   and  cited  certain  court  decisions. 

He  concluded  his  portion  of  tlie  report  by  sajdng  tliat  our  best  eflEorts  have  failed  to 
protect  us  against  the  destructive  eflEects  of  the  worst  anti-labor  legislation  this  country 
has  ever  kno\\"n.  Our  efforts  to  repeal  the  Taft-Hartley  Act  must  be  redoubled  in  the 
months  to  come. 

The  President  of  the  Department  Hkewise  made  comprehensive  outline  of  such  sub- 
jects as: 

Public  Works. 

Go\emment  Agencies  and  Obser\"ance  of  Pre\"ailing  Wage  Rates. 

Housing. 

Atomic  Energ\'  Commission. 

Department  of  Labor. 

State  Labor  Legislation. 

The  Report  of  tlie  President  was  adopted. 

REPORT  OF  THE  SECRET.^RY-TREASLTRER 

The  report  of  tlie  Secretar\--Treasurer  shows  the  granting  of  new  Charters  and  Charter 
renewals. 

NEW  CHARTERS  1950 
Washakie  Count>',  Wyoming  (Worland). 
St.  John's,  Ne\^'foundland,  Canada  and  \icinity. 
Bemidji,  Minnesota,  and  vicinit>". 
Lower  Rio  Grande  \'alley,  Texas  (Harlingen). 
LawTence,  Kansas  (Douglas  County). 
Tillamook  Count>-.  Oregon  (Tillamook). 
Floyd  and  Clark  Counties,  Indiana  (New  Albany). 
Stroudsburg,   Pennsylvania  (Monroe   and  Pike   Counties). 
Brantford,  Ontario,  Canada,  and  \-icinity. 
Copper  Count>'  (Hancock  Michigan). 

STATE  COUNCILS 

Alabama  State 
Wyoming  State. 

CH.\RTER  RENEWALS 

Marion,  Indiana  (Grant  Huntington  and  Wabash  Counties). 

St.  Cloud,  Minnesota  (Steams  and  Benton  Counties). 

Southwestern,  West  Virginia  (Huntington). 

Coos  Bay,  Oregon,  and  vicinity. 

Calgar\%  Alberta,  Canada,  and  \icinity. 

Natchez,  Mississippi,  and  \-icinity. 

Venango  County,  Pennsylvania  (Franldin). 

Auburn,  New  York  (Ca\Tiga  Coimty). 

Columbiana  County,  Ohio  (Lisbon). 

Matoon,  Illinois  and  \"icinity. 


THE    CARPENTER  29 

The  report  of  the  Secretary-Treasurer  shows  that  quarterly  audits  wore  marlc  during 
the  year  by  Certified  Pubhc  Accountants  and  copies  of  same  were  sent  to  the  Presidents 
of  the  National  and  International  Unions  affiliated  with  the  Department. 

NUMBER  OF  DELEGATES  TO  CONVENTION 
Based  on  Per  Capita  Tax  Paid 

Delegates. 

International  Association  of  Heat  and  Frost  Insulators  and  Asbestos  Workers 2 

International  Brotherhood  of  Boilermakers,  Iron  Sliip  Builders  and  Helpers 6 

Bricklayers,  Masons  and  Plasterers  International  Union 6 

United   Brotherhood   of   Carpenters   and   Joiners   of   America 8 

International   Brotherhood  of  Electrical  Workers 7 

International   Union    of    Elevator    Constructors 3 

International    Union    of   Operating    Engineers 7 

Granite   Cutters   International  Association    1 

International  Association  of  Bridge,  Structural  and  Ornamental  Iron  Workers 6 

International  Hod  Carriers,  Building  and  Common  Laborers  Union 8 

Wood,    Wire    and    Metal   Lathers    International   Union ,3 

International   Association   of   Marble,    Stone    and    Slate    Polishers,    Rubbers    and 

Sawyers,  Tile  and  Marble  Setters  Helpers  and  Terrazzo  Helpers 2 

Brotherhood  of  Painters,  Decorators  and  Paperhangers  of  America 7 

Operative   Plasterers    and   Cement   Finishers    International   Association 5 

United  Association  of  Journeymen  and  Apprentices  of  the  Plvimbing  and  Pipe- 
fitting   Industry  of  the   United   States   and   Canada 7 

United   Slate,    Tile    and    Composition    Roofers,Damp    and    Waterproof   Workers 

Association 3 

Sheet  Metal  Workers  International  Association 5 

Journeymen  Stone  Cutters  Association  of  North  America 1 

International  Brotherhood  of  Teamsters,  Chauffeurs,  Warehousemen  and  Helpers.  5 

TOTAL   DELEGATES   92 

TOTAL  AFFILIATES 

Building  and  Construction  Trades   Councils 564 

State  Building  and  Construction  Trades  Councils 18 

International  Unions 19 

TOTAL  AFFILIATES 601 

The  report  of  the  Secretary-Treasurer  was  adopted. 

EXECUTIVE  COUNCIL  REPORT 

During  the  ficsal  year  the  Executive  Council  held  four  regular  Council  Meetings.  Since 
the  Convention  in  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  the  Council  had  before  it  many  cases;  in  their 
report  they  acted  on  53  cases. 

Many  of  the  cases  dealt  with  various  subjects,  such  as: 

Application  and  reapplication  for  Charters. 

Report  on  Armed  Forces  situation. 

Agreements. 

National  Housing  Conference  Inc. 

Dam  Projects. 

Public  Housing  Administration,  etc. 

Question  on  relief  from  certification  elections  in  the  building  industry. 

At  the  January  meeting  President  Gray  made  a  report  on  the  developments  in  the 
above  case  and  a  general  discussion  was  held  on  this  matter. 

At  the  August  meeting  President  Gray  advised  of  a  number  of  requests  received  from 
national  and  international  unions  regarding  the  appUcation  of  tlie  United  Associations  of 
Journeymen  and  Apprentices  of  tlie  Plumbing  and  Pipefitting  Industry  for  certification 
elections  and  particularly  regarding  the  jurisdictional  claims  of  tine  United  Association. 

A  tliorough  discussion  was  held  on  this  question  regarding  tlie  possible  intervention  by 
aflahated  trades  and  a  number  of  proposals  were  suggested  in  an  endeavor  to  have  the 


L 


30  THE    CARPENTER 

United  Association  request  a  postponement  of  the  elections  in  order  tliat  a  unified  effort 
could  be  made  to  show  how  impractical  the  law  is  and  request  declaratory  injunction 
from  the  courts. 

Vice-President  Durkin  stated  the  position  of  the  United  Association  regarding  this 
matter  and  on  inquiry  from  President  Gray  relative  to  possible  request  to  the  N.  L. 
R.  B.  for  postponement  in  order  that  concerted  action  could  be  taken  in  the  matter  of 
certification  elections,  Vice-President  Durkin  advised  the  Executive  Council  the  United 
Association  intended  to  proceed  with  the  certification  elections. 

President  Gray  stated  it  would  be  necessary  for  him  to  advise  all  affiliated  national 
and  international  unions  of  the  position  of  the  United  Association  in  order  that  they  could 
intervene  to  protect  their  jurisdictional  claims. 

The  above  was  known  as  Case  No.  4  and  the  Committee's  report  on  this  particular 
case  was  as  follows: 

Case  Number  4,  regarding  application  of  United  Association  of  the  Plumbing  and 
Pipefitting  Industry  for  certification  of  election.  The  Executive  Council  has  taken  no 
direct  action  upon  this  case,  but  we  are  advised  that  several  International  Unions  have 
intervened  and  the  case  is  still  pending.  Therefore,  we  do  not  feel  that  any  further  com- 
ment is  necessary. 

The  Committee  on  the  Executive  Council's  report  recommended  concurrence  and  ap- 
proval of  their  report  as  a  whole.  Following  this  Delegate  Martin  J.  Durkin  who  is  Pres- 
ident of  United  Association  of  Journeymen  and  Apprentices  of  the  Plumbing  and  Pipe 
Fitting  Industry  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  made  a  lengthy  statement  on  Case  No.  4. 

Considerable  discussion  took  place  in  which  General  President  Wm.  L.  Hutcheson  of 
the  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America,  as  delegate,  participated, 
endeavoring  to  clarify  tlie  situation.  Likewise,  other  delegates  voiced  their  views  on  Case 
No.  4. 

Furthermore  the  President  of  the  Department  took  a  definite  position  on  tliis  issue 
which  resolved  itself  to  one  question— "Have  the  plumbers  withdrawn  their  jurisdictional 
claims  they  filed  with  their  original  petition?" 

A  motion  to  adopt  tlie  report  of  the  Committee  was  carried  unanimously. 

There  were  five  resolutions  reported  to  the  Convention  which  were  referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Resolutions  and  the  Committee  recommended  tlieir  adoption. 

All  the  officers  of  the  Building  and  Construction  Trades  Department  were  unanimously 
re-elected. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Wm.  L.  Hutcheson,  Hugh  Russell, 

M.  A.  Hutcheson,  Wm.  A.  Johnson, 

^  Frank   Duffy,  Clell  Harris, 

Albert  E.  Fischer,  Martin  McDonald, 

Delegates. 


REGULAR  MEETING  OF  THE  GENERAL 
EXECUTIVE  BOARD 

Netherland  Plaza   Hotel 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 
September    1,    1950 
Since  the  previous  meeting  of  the  General  Executive  Board  the  following  trade  move- 
ments were  acted  upon: 

June  14,  1950 
Lancaster,  Pa.,  L.  U.  59.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.70  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  effective  May  29,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Winfield,  Ala.,  L.  U.  476.— Movement  for  an  increase   in  wages   from   $1.25  to   $1.65 
per  hour,  effective  August  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Framingham,  Mass.,  L.  U.  860.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from   $2.10  to 
$2,25  per  hour,  effective  July  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 


THE    CARPENTER  51 

Bristol,  Conn.,  L.  U.  952.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.10  to  $2  25  per 
hour,  effective  June  6,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Manistee,  Mich.,  L.  U.  1226.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1  75  to  $2  00 
per  hour,  effective  August  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Albuquerque,  N.  M.,  L.  U.  1319.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2  00  to 
$2.25  per  hour,  effective  August  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Denton,  Texas,  L.  U.  1526.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1  87% 
per  hour,  effective  August  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

White  River  Junction,  Vt.,  L.  U.  2256.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1  65 
to  $2.00  per  hour,  effective  July  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

De  Kidder,  La.,  L.  U.  2985.  (Lumber  and  Sawmill  Workers)-Movement  for  an  in- 
crease in  wages  from  $.83  to  $.95  per  hour,  effective  July  17,  1950.  Official  sanction 
granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Providence,  Pawtucket  and  Central  Falls,  D.  C,  Providence,  R.  I.-Movemcnt  for  an 
increase  in  wages  from  $2.10  to  $2.35  per  hour,  effective  September  24,  1950.  Official 
sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Tri  City  Carpenters,  D.  C,  Rock  Island,  lU.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from 
$2,121/2  to  $2.25  per  hour,  effective  June  5,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted. 

July  18,   1950 

Nev^^ort,  R.  I.,  L.  U.  176.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.90  to  $2.10 
per  hour,  effective  August  5,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Douglas,  Wyo.,  L.  U.  629.-Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  August  1,   1950.    Official  sanctioin  granted. 

Hawthorne,  Nev.,  L.  U.  632.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00  to  $2.25 
per  hour,  effective  August  8,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Peru,  Ind.,  L.  U.  932— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  effective  September  1,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Emporia,  Kans.,  L.  U.  1224.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  August  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

August  2,   1950 

Prairie  du  Chien,  Wise.,  L.  U.  394.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  effective  September  1,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial 
aid, 

Newport  News,  Va.,  L.  U.  396.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.70  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  effective  September  25,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted  without  financial 
aid. 

Freebvu-g,  111.,  L.  U.  480.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00  to  $2.25  per 
hour,  effective  August  14,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Taylorville,  111.,  L.  U.  748.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  effective  July  15,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Ardmore,  Okla.,  L.  U.  1028.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.55  to  $1,871/2 
per  hour,  effective  August  14,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Chester,  111.,  L.  U.  1361.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.85  to  $2.10 
per  hour,  effective  August  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Three  Rivers,  Mich.,  L.  U.  1551.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to 
$2.10  per  hour,  effective  October  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

McLeansboro,  111.  L.  U.  1895.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75 
per  hour,  effective  July  20,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

August  9,  1950 
Dixon,  111.,  L.  U.  790.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.92y2  to  $2.25  per 
hour,  effective  September  6,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

August   11,   1950 

Nallen,  W.  Va.,  L.  U.  2510.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $.90  to  $1.00 
per  hour,  effective  August  16,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Raleigh,  N.  C,  L.  U.  2089.— Movement  for  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75  per 
hour,  effective  August  4,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Plainfield,  N.  J.,  L.  U.  155.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.50  to  $3.00 
per  hour,  effective  September  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 


32:  THE    CARPENTER 

Aug.  25,  1950 

Texarkana,  Texas.,  L.  U.  379.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  eflFective  October  25,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Poplar  Blu£F,  Mo.,  L.  U.  1049.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.65  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  eflFective  October  25,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Leadville,  Colo.,  L.  U.  1351.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.92y2  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  eflFective  September  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Spruce  Pine,  N.  C,  L.  U.  2262.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.12%  to 
$1.50  per  hour,  eflFective  August  18,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Cairo,  111.,  L,  U.  812.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  (resi- 
dential) $2.25  (heavy  construction)  per  hour,  eflFective  October  25,  1950.  Official  sanction 
granted. 

Netherland  Plaza   Hotel 
Cincinnati,  Ohio 
September  1,  1950 
The  General  Executive  Board  met  in  regular  session  at  the  Netherland  Plaza  Hotel, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio  on  September  1,  1950. 

The  General  President  reported  fully  on  all  matters  of  importance  to  the  organization 
which  developed  since  the  previous  meeting  of  the  Board. 

The  following  Resolution  was  unanimously  adopted  by  the  General  Executive  Board, 
September  1,  1950.  Submitted  to  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Convention  of  the  United 
Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America  and  likewise  unanimously  adopted  by 
the  Convention: 

A  Memorial  to  P.  J.  McGuire,  the  Father  of  Labor  Day 

Whereas  Peter  J.  McGuire  tlie  founder  of  our  great  Organization  and  its 
first  General  Secretary  for  twenty  years  was  born  in  New  York  City,  New 
York  on  July  6,  1852  and  died  in  tlie  City  of  Camden,  New  Jersey  on  Febru- 
ary 18,  1906  and 

Whereas  he  devoted  all  his  life  to  the  Labor  Movement  and  the  better- 
ment of  the  working  people  and  was  popularly  known  as  the  most  vigorous 
and  aggressive  defender  of  the  wage  earners  at  all  times  and  on  all  occa- 
sions and 

Whereas  he  was  one  of  tlie  most  active  men  in  tlie  formation  of  the  Fed- 
eration of  Trades  having  drafted  the  Call  for  a  Convention  to  be  held  in 
Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania  on  November  15,  1881  to  form  a  Congress  of  Labor 
or  a  Federation  of  Trades  so  as  to  unify  Labor  on  matters  of  material  inter- 
est and  concern  to  all  involved  and  thereby  present  a  sohd  and  united  front 
to  its  enemies  and 

Whereas  on  May  8,  1882  he  proposed  to  the  newly  formed  Central  Labor 
Union  of  New  York  City  that 

One  day  in  the  year  be  designated  as  Labor  Day  and  be  estab- 
lished as  a  General  Holiday  for  the  laboring  people  and 

Whereas  he  re-organized  the  then  dying  Labor  Movement— The  Fed-  ' 
eration  of  Trades— at  a  specially  called  meeting  in  Columbus,  Ohio  on  De- 
cember 8,  1886  into  what  is  now  known  as  the  American  Federation  of 
Labor  where  he  was  unanimously  elected  Secretary  by  acclamation,  although 
he  strenuously  objected  but  witliout  avail.  He  was  unanimously  elected  Sec- 
retary of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor  by  acclamation  for  the  years 
1887,  1888  and  1889,  when  he  steadfastly  refused  to  hold  that  position  any 
longer  as  he  wanted  to  give  all  his  time  to  organizing  the  carpenters.  He 
was  then  elected  Second  Vice-President  of  the  American  Federation  of  Labor 
and  in  1890  First  Vice-President  by  acclamation  and  held  that  position  for 
ten  years  when  he  retired  on  account  of  ill  health  and 

Whereas  all  these  activities  on  his  part  clearly,  definitely  and  distinctly 
show  and  prove  that  he  did  his  best  to  make  the  working  and  living  condi- 
tions of  the  workers  better  and  more  satisfactory  and  agreeable,  to  abolish 
slavery  and  to  make  this  world  better  than  he  found  it  and 


THE    CARPENTER  aa' 

Whereas  on  June  28,  1894  by  act  of  Congress,  Labor  Day-the  first  Mon- 
day in  September  each  year  was  made  a  Legal  Hoh'day  and  thereafter,  Petor 
J.  McGuire  was  known  and  referred  to  as  the 

Father  of  Labor  Day 

Now  therefore  be  it 

Resolved  that  as  the  centennial  of  his  birthday  falls  on  July  6,  1952  cele- 
brations of  that  great  event  be  held  in  his  honor  by  the  United  Brotherhood 
of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America  and  all  its  subordinate  bodies  until  the 
end  of  the  year  1952  and  be  it  further 

Resolved  that  as  a  strong  sentiment  exists  among  all  the  unions  compris- 
ing the  American  Federation  of  Labor  that  a  monument  or  memorial  be 
erected  to  his  memory  as  the 

Father  of  Labor  Day 

THAT  THE  United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America 
erect  such  a  monument  or  memorial  under  the  authority  and  supervision  of 
the  General  Officers  and  the  General  Executive  Board  so  that  his  memory 
and  the  good  he  accomplished  for  the  American  workers  may  be  perpetuated 
for  all  time. 

/s/         WM.  L.  HUTCHESON 
FRANK  DUFFY 

Several  Local  Unions  have  requested  information  from  the  General  Office  concerning 
tlie  status  of  their  members  who  enter  Military  Service,  either  by  enlistment,  or  induction, 
within  tlie  meaning  of  the  Selective  Service  Act  of  1948,  or  by  voluntary  enlistment  beyond 
the  meaning  of  the  Act,  or  by  holding  reserve  status. 

In  this  respect,  the  Board,  by  unanimous  action,  decided  that  the  same  procedure 
adopted  during  World  War  II  should  prevail  in  the  present  emergency  in  regard  to  mem- 
bers entering  the  Armed  Services. 

The  International  Organization  will  assume  the  responsibility  of  keeping  all  members 
entering  the  Armed  Forces  under  tlie  1948  Selective  Service  Act,  as  amended  to  meet  the 
present  emergency,  in  good  standing,  and  pay  all  donations  that  would  accrue  to  such  mem- 
bers.   The  donations  referred  to  mean,  of  course,  death  and  disibility  donations. 

Arkansas  City,  Kans.,  L.  U.  2179.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  eflEective  October  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Lufkin,  Texas,  L.  U.  2242.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  eflEective  October  2,  1950.   Ojfficial  sanction  granted. 

Fayetteville,  Ark.,  L.  U.  1249.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.62%  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  eflEective  November  1,  1950.    OflRcial  sanction  granted. 

Portsmoutli,  Va.,  L.  U.  303.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  September  19,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Roanoke,  Va.,  L.  U.  319.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
(Carpenters)  and  $2.00  to  $2.25  (Millwrights)  per  hour,  eflEective  January  1,  1951.  OflRcial 
sanction  granted. 

San  Angelo,  Texas,  L.  U.  411.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  eflEective  November  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Brazil,  Ind.,  L.  U.  431.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  eflEective  October  16,  1950.   Oflficial  sanction  granted. 

Hannibal,  Mo.,  L.  U.  607.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.87y2  to  $2.12V2 
per  hour,  eflEective  October  1,  1950.    OflEicial  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Sullivan,  Ind.,  L.  U.  706.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75  per 
hour,  eflEective  October  15,  1950.    OflRcial  sanction  granted. 

Percy,  111.,  L.  U.  733.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  effective  October  24,  1950.   OflRcial  sanction  granted. 

September  6,   1950 

A  communication  from  the  American  Federation  of  the  Physically  Handicapped,  Inc., 
was  read,  wherein  tliey  request  a  financial  contribution,  in  addition  to  tliat  previously 
granted.   After  some  discussion  it  was  decided  to  make  a  furdier  contribution  of  $5,000.00. 


3*  THE    CARPENTER 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  272,  Chicago  Heights,  Illinois,  from  the  decision  of  the  Gen- 
eral Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  death  claim  of  Albert  J.  Meek,  of  said  Local  Union, 
was  considered,  and  same  was  referred  back  to  the  General  Treasurer, 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  2140,  Mt.  Vernon,  Washington,  from  the  decision  of  the  Gen- 
eral Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  death  claim  of  Susie  Nunn,  wife  of  Clyde  Nunn,  a 
member  of  said  Local  Union,  was  considered  and  the  decision  of  the  General  Treasurer 
was  sustained  for  the  reason  he  was  not  in  benefit  standing  at  the  time  of  her  death. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  1335,  Wilmington,  California,  from  the  decision  of  the  Gen- 
eral Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  death  claim  of  Eldred  E.  Norris  of  said  Local  Union, 
was  considered,  after  which  it  was  referred  back  to  the  General  Treasurer. 

Metropolis,  lU.,  L.  U.  803.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.87^ 
(residential)  $2.00  (commercial)  per  hour,  eflfective  September  15,  1950.  OflBcial  sanction 
granted. 

Manhattan,  Kans.,  L.  U.  918.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  eflFective  November  1,  1950.    OflBcial  sanction  granted. 

Franklin,  Mass.,  L,  U.  1230.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.90  to  $2.25 
per  hour,  eflFective  October  10,  1950.    OflBcial  sanction  granted. 

Morgantown,  W.  Va.,  L.  U.  1339.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00  to 
$2.50  per  hour,  eflFective  October  2,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Gadsden,  Ala.,  L.  U.  1371.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
(Carpenters)  $2.25  (Millwrights)  per  hour,  eflFective  October  3,  1950.  Official  sanction 
granted. 

Bedford,  Ind.,  L.  U.  1380.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.97%  to  $2.15 
per  hour,  effective  September  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

September  7,  1950 

In  accordance  \vith  the  records  of  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Convention  of  the  United 
Brotherhood  a  protest  was  entered  against  the  seating  of  delegates  Julius  Kovner,  Local 
Union  1913,  San  Fernando,  California  and  Harry  Prosin,  Local  Union  1976,  Los  Angeles, 
California. 

The  protest  was  recognized  by  the  Chairman  in  the  seating  of  the  delegates  and  con- 
curred by  the  Convention.  The  Chairman  announced  that  tlie  General  Executive  Board 
would  convene  in  Parlor  G  of  the  Netherland  Plaza  Hotel  and  the  General  Executive 
Board  to  act  as  an  appeal  board  on  the  protest  entered  against  the  two  delegates. 

The  two  delegates,  Julius  Kovner  and  Harry  Prosin  were  present,  as  well  as  the  dele- 
gates who  protested  their  credentials. 

Following  is  the  report  of  the  General  Executive  Board  on  the  delegates  protested; 
namely  Hairy  Prosin,  Local  Union  1976,  Los  Angeles,  California  and  Julius  Kovner,  Local 
Union  1915,  San  Fernando,  California,  by  Charles  H.  Burge,  a  member  of  Local  Union  721. 

The  General  Executive  Board  held  a  hearing  on  the  matter  and  permitted  those  who 
entered  the  protest  to  present  evidence  to  support  their  statements  that  tlie  two  delegates 
v/ere  beUeved  to  have  aided  Commiuiist  organizations. 

In  the  case  of  Julius  Kovner  he  admitted  that  he  attends  meetings  sponsored  by  organ- 
izations classified  by  agencies  of  the  United  States  government  as  subversive.  That  he 
holds  meetings  outside  of  the  Local  Union  and  discusses  the  business  of  the  union.  That 
he  did  not  know  if  his  own  wife  is  a  Communist  or  not.  That  he  admitted  his  mind  is  not 
clear  on  the  justice  of  our  govermnent's  position  in  the  present  Korean  situation,  and  that 
he  acted  evasively  in  answering  questions  of  the  General  Executive  Board  members  relative 
to  his  activities  in  his  home  locahty. 

The  Board  recommends  that  he  be  required  to  file  an  affidavit  with  the  General  Presi- 
dent that  he  is  not  now  and  never  has  been  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party,  or  any  sub- 
\ersive  organization,  and  that  he  will  not  give  aid,  comfort  or  support  to  any  such  organiza- 
tion, and  further  promises  that  he  will  not  aflBliate  with  any  such  organizations  in  the 
future,  and  will  refrain  from  attending  any  meetings  where  tliat  philosophy  is  advocated. 
That  he  be  debarred  from  holding  office,  delegate  or  committeeship  in  the  United  Brother- 
hood of  Carpenters  and  Joiners  of  America.  That  he  be  permitted  to  attend  meetings  of 
his  Local  Union,  but  he  shall  not  be  permitted  to  have  voice  or  vote  in  any  chartered 
body  of  tlie  United  Brotlierhood.  That  he  be  placed  on  probation  for  a  period  of  not  less 
tlian  five  years,  under  the  supervision  of  the  Los  Angeles  District  Council. 


THE    CARPENTER 


35 


However  the  Board  feels  that  consideration  should  be  extended  to  this  delegate  and 
recommends  that  he  be  seated  in  this  Convention,  without  voice  or  vote. 

WILLIAM    L.    HUTCIIESON,    Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Secretary 
The  recommendation  of  the  committee  was  adopted. 

CASE  OF  HARRY  PROSIN,  LOCAL  UNION  1976 
In  the  case  of  Harry  Prosin,  Local  Union  1976,  Los  Angeles,  California,  as  in  the  case 
of  Juhus  Kovner,  this  delegate  denied  any  connection  with  the  Communist  Party  or  any 
of  its  affiliated  organizations  and  denied  that  he  had  ever  participated   in   any  meetings 
held  under  the  Communist  Party  or  any  other  subversive  organizations. 

There  was  not  sufficient  evidence  submitted  at  this  time  by  the  delegates  challenging 
the  seating  of  the  delegate  to  warrant  action  by  the  Board  to  debar  this  member  from 
further  membership  in  the  Brotherhood,  but  we  recommend  that  he  be  required  to  file 
an  affidavit  with  the  General  President  that  he  is  not  now,  and  never  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Communist  Party,  or  any  subversive  organizations,  and  will  not  give  aid,  comfort  or 
support  to  any  such  organizations,  and  further  promises  that  he  will  not  affiliate  with  any 
such  organizations  and  will  refrain  in  the  future  from  attending  any  meetings  where  that 
philosophy  is  advocated.  We  further  recommend  that  he  be  placed  on  probation  under 
the  Los  Angeles  and  Vicinity  District  Council  for  a  period  of  five  years. 

However,  the  Board  feels  that  consideration  should  be  extended  to  this  delegate  and 
recommends  that  he  be  seated  in  this  Convention,  without  voice  or  vote. 

WILLIAM    L.    HUTCHESON,    Chairman 
ALBERT  E.  FISCHER,  Secretary 
The  recommendation  of  the  committee  was  adopted. 

Harry  Prosin  of  Local  Union  1976  signed  the  required  affidavit  aforementioned,  under 
date  of  September  9,  1950. 

Request  for  financial  assistance  from  Local  Union  3182,  Portland,  Oregon.  Motion 
prevailed  that  their  request  be  granted. 

Request  by  Local  Union  2458,  Nelson,  British  Columbia,  Canada,  for  a  donation  in 
the  sum  of  $200.00  was  presented  to  the  Board,  and  it  was  decided  that  tlie  matter  be 
referred  to  the  General  President. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  488,  New  York,  New  York,  from  the  decision  of  tlie  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  death  claim  of  Meyer  Lepofsky  of  said  Local  Union,  was 
considered,  and  upon  motion  was  referred  back  to  the  General  Treasurer. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  246,  New  York,  New  York,  from  tlie  decision  of  the  General 
Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  death  claim  of  Ernest  Bochmann,  for  the  reason  he  was  not 
in  benefit  standing  at  the  time  of  death,  was  considered,  and  the  decision  of  tlie  General 
Treasurer  was  sustained. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  853,  Bound  Brook,  New  Jersey,  from  the  decision  of  tlie  Gen- 
eral Treasurer  in  disapproving  the  death  claim  of  John  Morecraft,  Jr.  was  considered,  and 
it  was  decided  to  refer  same  back  to  the  General  Treasurer. 

Charlotte,  N.  C,  L.  U.  1469.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.65  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  October  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  witliout  financial  aid. 

Gulfport,  Miss.,  L.  U.  1518.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  October  10,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Petersburg,  Va.,  L.  U.  1534.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.88  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  October  16,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Malvern,  Ark.,  L.  U.  1674.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75 
per  hour,  effective  October  23,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

El  Dorado,  Ark.,  L.  U.,  1683.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
(Carpenters)  $1.87y2  to  $2.12y2  (Millwrights)  per  hour,  effective  October  16,  1950.  Official 
sanction  granted. 

Galesburg,  111.,  L.  U.  1692.  (Millmen)— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.46 
to  $1.70  per  hour,  effective  November  1,  1950.  Official  sanction  granted,  widiout  financial 
aid. 


36  THE    CARPENTER 

September  9,  1950 

Renewal  of  bond  of  Acting  Secretary  Albert  E.  Fischer,  in  the  sum  of  S20,000.00  for 
one  year  expiring  August  23,  1951,  through  the  United  States  Fidelity  and  Guaranty  Com- 
pany of  Baltimore,   Maryland,  was  referred  to  our  Legal  Department. 

Communication  from  Local  Union  946,  Los  Angeles,  California,  requesting  additional 
financial  assistance  was  discussed  by  the  Board  and  by  unanimous  action  the  request  was 
referred  to  the  General  President. 

Appeal  of  Local  Union  159,  Charleston,  S.  C.  from  the  decision  of  the  General  Treas- 
urer in  disapproving  the  death  claim  of  Br}'ant  H.  Poston,  a  deceased  member  of  former 
Local  Union  1728,  Myrtle  Beach,  S.  C,  was  carefully  considered,  whereupon  a  motion 
prevailed  that  the  death  claim  be  referred  back  to  the  General  Treasurer. 

Request  for  financial  assistance  from  Local  Union  2556,  Ketchikan,  Alaska  was  pre- 
sented to  the  Board,  and  upon  motion  it  was  referred  to  the  General  President. 

Wilton,  Conn.,  L.  U.  1700.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.12%  to  $2.25 
per  hour,  effective  October  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Jacksonville,  Texas.,  L.  U.  1768.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to 
$2.00  per  hour,  eflFective  October  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Columbia,  S.  C,  L.  U.  1778.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75 
per  hour,  effective  October  2,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Macomb,  111.,  L.  U.  1883.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  October  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Rome,  Ga.,  L.  U.  1977.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  to  $1.75  per 
hour,  effective  September  30,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Anna,  111.,  L.  U.  2010.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  effective  September  25,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Front  Royal,  Va.,  L.  U.  2033.  Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.25  to  $2.75 
(Millwrights)  per  hour,  effective  November  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

Logansport,  Ind.,  L.  U.  2060.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.80  to  $2.05 
per  hour,  effective  October  3,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted. 

The  General  Executive  Board  recessed,  to  meet  at  the  call  of  the  Chairman. 

Houston,  Texas 

Rice   Hotel 

September    19,    1950 

The   General  Executive   Board  reconvened  their  recessed   meeting   at  the   Rice   Hotel, 

Houston,  Texas,  on  September  19,  1950. 

The  General  Executive  Board  in  session  gave  careful  consideration  to  the  various  sub- 
jects which  were  to  come  before  the  American  Federation  of  Labor's  Sixty-nintli  Annual 
Conventicfti  and  the  Forty-third  Annual  Convention  of  the  Building  and  Construction 
I'rades  Department. 

The  General  Executive  Board  also  gave  consideration  to  the  various  subjects  which 
were  adopted  at  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Convention  of  the  United  Brotherhood. 

Altus  Okla.,  L.  U.  285.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  per 
hour    effective  October  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Joplin,  Mo.,  L.  U.  311.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.82%  to  $2.12  per 
hour    effective  October  17,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Ashland,  Ky.,  L.  U.  472.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00  to  $2.25 
(Carpenters)  $2.37V2  (Millwrights)  per  hour,  effective  October  1,  1950.  Official  sanction 
granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Sparta,  111.,  L.  U.  479.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.85  to  $2.10  per 
hour,  effective  October  15,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

September  20,  1950 
The  General  Executive  Board  commenced  co-ordinating  the  proposed  amendments  to 
our  Constitution  which  were   adopted   at  the   Twenty-sixth   General  Convention   for   sub- 
mission to  referendum. 

Whereas,  The  Delegates  to  the  Twenty-sucth  General  Convention  of  our  Brotherhood 
held  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  by  unanimous  vote  approved  of  tlie  recommendations  of  the 
Committee  upon  the  General  President's  Report,  which  reads  as  follows: 


THE    CARPENTER  37 

"The  General  President  calls  to  the  attention  of  this,  Our  T.wenty-sixth  Gen- 
eral Convention,  to  the  action  by  him  in  1942,  relative  to  salaries  of  General 
Officers,  General  Executive  Board  Members,  and  General  Representatives. 
The  Twenty-fiftii  General  Convention  held  in  Lakeland,  Florida,  April,  1946, 
unanimously  concurred  in  his  action  of  that  time.  We  note  with  great  inter- 
est his  comments  in  his  report,  under  the  paragraph  entitled  "Laws"  wherein 
he  calls  the  attention  of  the  delegates  to  this  Convention  to  the  great  ad- 
vances in  wage  structures  of  our  membership  since  1942  and  that  no  in- 
creases have  been  given  to  the  General  Officers,  General  Executive  Board 
Members,  or  General  Representatives  during  the  period  from  1942-1950, 
despite  tlie  tremendous  increases  in  the  cost  of  living  during  this  period. 
"In  accordance  with  Section  10,  Paragraph  "H"  of  the  Constitution  and 
Laws,   entitled   General   President,   and  we   quote,  'He  shall   supervise   the 

entire  interests  of  the   United  Brotherhood 

"We,  your  Committee,  therefore,  recommend  that  the  General  President  shall 
be  instructed  to  make  adjustments  of  salaries  of  General  Officers,  General 
Executive  Board  Members  and  General  Representatives " 

Whereas,  According  to  the  action  of  the  General  Convention,  and  authority  vested  in 
me  under  the  General  Constitution  as  per  Paragraph  "H",  Section  10,  I  hereby  decide  and 
decree  tliat  beginning  October  1,  1950,  the  salaries  of  the  General  Officers,  General  Execu- 
tive Board  Members,  and  General  Representatives  shall  be  as  follows: 

First  General  Vice  President  $400.00  per  week 

Second   General   Vice   President  $350.00  per  week 

General   Secretary  $300.00  per  week 

General  Treasurer  $300.00  per  week 

General    Executive   Board    Members  $250.00  per  week 

General  Representatives  $175.00  per  week 

William  L.  Hutcheson, 

General   President, 

United  Brotherhood  of  Carpenters 

and  Joiners  of  America. 

Norfolk,  Va.,  L.  U.  567.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.25  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  eflFective  October  26,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Chickasha,  Okla.,  L.  U.  653.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  October  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted  witliout  financial  aid. 

Beardstown,  111.,  L.  U.  741.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.87y2  to  $2.00 
per  hour,  effective  November,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  witliout  financial  aid. 

Sonora,  Texas.,  L.  U.  859.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  effective  November  21,   1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

September  21,  1950 
The  General  Executive  Board  continued  to  co-ordinate  tlie  various  proposed  amend- 
ments to  the  Constitution  for  referendum. 

September  22.  1950 

The  General  Executive  Board  completed  co-ordinating  tlie  various  proposals  to  the 
Constitution  and  Laws  as  adopted  by  the  Twenty-sixtli  General  Convention,  and  the  Board 
decided  that  tlie  sections  to  be  amended  be  submitted  for  referendum  without  delay—  the 
results  returnable  on  or  before  November   15,   1950. 

The  General  Executive  Board  further  decided  that  a  committee  of  tlie  Board  be  ap- 
pointed by  the  General  President— to  codify  tlie  laws. 

In  conformity  with  the  action  of  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Convention  of  tlie  United 
Brotherhood,  held  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  September  5—12,  which  directed  and  autliorized 
the  General  Executive  Board  to  increase  tlie  salary  of  tlie  General  President,  tlie  Board 
decided  that  the  General  President  be  paid  a  salary  of  Six  Hundred  Dollars  ($600.00)  per 
week. 

Cleburne,  Texas,  L.  U.  923.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $1.87% 
per  hour,  effective  November  1,  1950.     Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Borger,  Texas,  L.  U.  1201.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $2.00  to  $2.37% 
per  hour,  eflFective  September  22,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 


I 


38  THE    CARPENTER 

Jasper,  Ala.,  L.  U.  1$03.— Movement  for  an  increase  in  wages  from  $1.75  to  $2.00  per 
hour,  effective  November  1,  1950.    Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial  aid. 

Bluefield,  W.  Va.,  L.  U.  1228.— Movement  for  and  increase  in  wages  from  $1.50  toi 
$1.87%  per  hour,  effective  October  1,  1930.  Official  sanction  granted,  without  financial' 
aid. 

The  General  President  appointed  a  committee  to  make  arrangements  for  the  installa-J 
tion  of  the  General  Officers  on  Saturday,  April  7,  1951,  at  tlae  General  Office. 

The  General  Executive  Board  met  as  Board  of  Trustees. 

The  Certified  Public  Accountants  examined  the  securities  held  bv  tlie  General  Treas- 
urer in  the  Vaults  of  the  Indiana  National  Bank,  Indianapolis,  Indiana  and  their  report! 
as  of  June  30,  1950,  shows  the  follo\^ang: 

GENERAL  FUND 

S  1.000.000.00  U.  S.  Treasury  2y2S  1963-68 

l^OOO.OOO.OO  U.  S.  Treasury  2%s  .      1964-69 

'500.000.00  U.  S.  Treasury  .     2%s  1964-69 

50,000.00  U.  S.  Defense  2%s  1953 

50.000.00  U.  S.  Defense  -       2%s  1954 

50.000.00  U.  S.  Defense  2y2S  1954 

100.000.00  U.  S.  Defense  2%s  1957 

25,000.00  U.  S.  Ceriificate  IV^  1950  - 

1.000.000.00     U.  S.  Treasury  2^45         1959-62 

■    '  20.000.00     U.  S.  Defense  2%s 

:     700,000.00     U.  S.  Treasur>'  IVss         1951 

100.000.00  Adams  Packing  Debentures         due  1950                         .    - 

:     210.000.00  Adams  Packing  Assn.  Preferred  Stock-SlOO.OO  Share 

107,000.00  Canadian  Bonds  3s  1959 

50.000.00  Canadian  Bonds  4s  1960 

50,000.00  Canadian  Victory  3s  ■  1956 

100.000.00  Canadian  Bonds  l%s  1950 

100,000.00  Canadian  Bonds  3s  ■   1958 

100,000.00  Canadian  Bonds  3s  1966 

•  DEFENSE  FUNT) 

§      50.000.00     U.  S.  Defense  2%s         1954  j 

105,000.00     U.  S.  Ceriificate  iy4S         1951  =    1 

50,000.00     U.  S.  Defense  .  2%s         1953  - 

HOME  AND  PENSION  FUND 


S      50.000.00 

U.  S.  Defense 

2%s 

1953 

50,000.00 

U.   S.  Defense 

2'^s 

1954 

50.000.00 

U.  S.  Defense 

2^ 

1954 

50.000.00 

U.  S.  Defense 

2%s 

1955 

100.000.00 

U.  S.  Defense 

2%s 

1957 

500.000.00 

U.  S.  Treasury 

2%s 

1963-68 

100.000.00 

U.   S.  Treasury 

2%s 

1964-69 

500,000.00 

U.  S.  Treasury 

2%s 

1964-69 

140.000.00 

U.   S.  Certificate 

iy4s 

1950 

500.000.00 

U.   S.  Certificate 

IVss 

1951 

300.000.00 

U.  S.  Certificate 

1%S 

19.30 

150,000.00 

Adams  Packing  . 

A.ssn. 

Stock-1500  sh 

ares  common— SIOO. 00  share 

250,000.00 

Adams   Packing 

Deb€ 

>ntures— 5  at  S5i 

0,000.00  each 

There  bein 

g  no  further  business 

to  be  acted  upon  the  Board  adjovimed  to  meet  at 

tlie  call  of  the  Chairman. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

ALBERT  E.  FISCHER, 

Acting  Secretary 

"^  n   0i 


tmtfvxsctn 


Not  lost  to  those  that  love  them,  They  still  live  in  our  memory. 

Not  dead,  just  gone  before;  And  will  forever  more. 


'^t&i  in  "^tsttt 

Th»  Editor  Hum  been  requeated  to  publith  the  name* 
of    the    following    Brothers    who   have    paeaed    away. 


Brother   CHARLES  W.  ALLEN,  Local   No.   40,   Boston,  Mass. 
Brother  HERMAN  ANDERSON,  Local  No.  808,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Brother  L.  ANGBY,  Local  No.  419,  Chicago,   111. 

Brother   IRWIN  VESTIR  AYERS,  Local  No.  539,  Los  Banos,  Calif. 
Brother  A.  R.  BLAIR,  Local  No.  665,  Amarillo,  Tex. 
Brother  DON  O.  BURNHAM,  Local  No.  665.  Amarillo,  Tex. 
Brother   DAVID  F.  BYARD,  Local  No.  1497,  E.  Los  Angeles.  Calif. 
Brother  FRANK  D.  BYARD,  Local  No.  1497,  E.  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 
Brother   VICTOR  E.  CARLSEN,  Local  No.  301,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. 
Brother  JOHN   DONALDSON,  Local  No.  2163,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Brother  RALEIGH  FLINT,  Local  No.  472,   Ashland,  Ky. 
Brother  ROBERT   C.  FRENCH,  Local  No.  40,  Boston,   Mass. 
Brother  LOUIS   GERRINGER,  Local  No.   2022,  Perryville,   Mo. 
Brother  WILLIAM  HENDERSON,  Local  No.  2163,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Brother  JOSEPH  HENNEMAN,  Local  No.  2022,  Perryville,  Mo. 
Brother  GEORGE  HLAVACEK,  Local  No.  416,  Chicago,  111. 
Brother   A.  L.  HOLLAND,  Local  No.  103.  Birmingham,  Ala. 
Brother  ROBERT  W.  HOWIE,  Local  No.   101,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Brother  LOUIS   E.  JACOBSON,  Local  No.  416,  Chicago,  111. 
Brother  WILLIAM  KEMPF,  Local  No.  808,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Brother  J.  KERSCH,  Local  No.  419,  Chicago,  111. 
Brother  HERBERT  W.   McCOY,  Local   No.   188,   Yonkers,  N.  Y. 
Brother  JOHN  MAJEWSKI.  Local  No.  337,  Detroit,  Mich. 
Brother  HUGO  MORALO,  Local  No.  366,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Brother   CHARLES  C.  NODINE,  Local  No.   188,  Yonkers,  N.  Y. 
Brother   O.  B.  OLSEN,  Local  No.  1112,  Marshalltown,  la. 
Brother  MAX  V.  RIEMER,  Local  No.  416,  Chicago,  111. 
Brother   WILLET  SECOR,  Local  No.  746,  Norwalk,  Conn. 
Brother   CHARLES  SHLAPIN,  Local  No.  488.  New  York,  N.  Y, 
Brother   GEORGE  STANLEY,  Local  No.  833,  Berwyn,  Pa. 
Brother  FRANK  STELTZNER,  Local  No.  998,  Royal  Oak.  Mich. 
Brother   ANTON  SWANSON,  Local  No.  488,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Brother   GUSTAF   T.   SWANSON,  Local  No.   488,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Brother  JAMES  A.  TILLER,  Local  No.   1497,  E.  Los   Angeles,  Calif. 
Brother  THOMAS  E.  WATTS.  Local  No.  101,  Baltimore,  Md. 
Brother  HENRY  WEIBE,  Local  No.  3119,  Tacoma,  Wash. 
Brother  OTTO  WEIDE,  Local  No.  488,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Brother  WILLIAM  J.  WIGHTMAN,  Local  No.  101,  Baltimore,  Md. 


CorrospondoncQ 


iiH:ii|.iiyi!ll!il!'li^i^if^" 


iilliii'!iiililfii!iiJiiiiliii,iiiiM[IiIlM 


HUTCHINSOX    DISPLAYS    GRAXDAD    OF  BANNERS 

Hctured  aboA^e  is  the  proud  banner  which  the  members  of  Local  Union  Xo.  1587 
HutchinsorL,  Kansas,  carried  in  the  Labor  Day  parade.  Undoubtedly  it  is  the  grandad  of 
all  banners  since  it  measured  three  feet  wide  by  fift>'  feet  long.  With  better  than  200 
members  of  the  Union  inarching  behind  it.  Local  Union  X'o,  1387  carried  off  second 
prize  in  the  parade. 


.\fter  its  appearance  in  the  Labor  Day  parade,  the  banner  was  put  on  display  at  the 
Kansas  State  Fair  where  thousands  upon  thousands  of  \isitors  ^*iewed  it  with  a  good 
deal  of  interest.  The  banner  is  now  hanging  in  the  big  dance  hall  in  the  Labor  Temple 
where  it  is  still  e^-oldng  a  good  deal  of  fa%'orable  comment  and  winning  much  fa\"orable 
pubhcit>-  for  Local  L'nion  Xo.  1587. 


Working  Families  Contribute  Most 

About  S2  per  cent  of  total  indmdual  contributions  to  charitable  causes  in 
194S  and  1949  came  from  families  with  income  below  85,000. 

Most  trade  unionists,  constantly  being  soHcited  for  some  worthy  cause, 
fall  in  this  categor}'. 

Gi\1ng  in  the  United  States  exceeded  S4  billion  in  both  194S  and  1949 
according  to  estimates  released  by  Russell  Sage  Foimdation.  These  figures 
include  gifts  to  churches,  educational  institutions,  communit>'  chests,  health 
and  welfare  agencies,  and  all  other  organizations  where  contributions  are 
tax-deductible. 

A  "statistically  average"  family  was  taken  as  an  example  of  what  giving 
looked  like  in  1949,  This  family  of  four,  2  adults  and  2  children,  had  a  gross 
income  of  85,004.  Its  charitable  contributions  were  896.59,  or  nearly  2  per 
cent  of  income. 


Craft  ProblQms 


Carpentry 

By  H.  H.  Siegele 
LESSON  267 
Among  the  problems  treated  in  the  last 
lesson  was  that  of  making  a  ladder.  This 
was  done  to  connect  the  lesson  to  what  is 
to  follow,  for  these  lessons  are  the  begin- 
ning of  a  series  of  lessons  dealing  with  the 
steel  square  and  its  practical  uses  in  fram- 
ing porch  steps  and  building  diflPerent  kinds 
of  stairs. 


Determining  Rise  and  Run.— Fig.  1  shows 
a  method  of  determining  the  rise  and  run  of 
the  step  in  building  either  steps  or  stairs.  In 
diis  case  24  inches  on  the  blade  and  11% 
inches  on  the  tongue  are  taken  as  points, 
which  are  connected  by  the  diagonal 
straight  hne,  as  shown.  Now  if  the  run  of 
the  steps  were  limited  to  10  inches,  (or  any 
other  practical  figure)  square  up  at  the  10- 
inch  point  on  the  blade,  and  the  distance 
between  the  edge  of  the  blade  and  where 
this  squaring  contacts  the  diagonal  hne 
would  be  the  rise,  or  as  showTi  by  the  draw- 


ing, 6%  inches.  Multiply  this  figure  by  the 
number  of  risers  in  the  Ihght  of  steps,  and 
you  have  the  total  rise  of  the  steps.  On  the 
other  hand,  if  the  rise  of  the  steps  were 
limited  to  6%  inches  (or  any  other  rise)  then 


square  from  that  point  on  the  tongue  to  the 
diagonal  line,  and  the  distance  between  the 
edge  of  the  tongue  and  where  this  squaring 
contacts  the  diagonal  line  would  be  the  run. 


However,  it  should  be  remembered  that  this 
method  is  basic;  tliat  is  to  say,  the  stair 
builder  should  not  take  the  results  as  hard 
and  fast.  \\'hen  the  rise  or  the  run,  which- 
ever the  case  may  be,  has  been  found,  the 
workman  should  make  such  adjustments  as 
in  his  judgment  are  necessary  to  make  the 


Fig.  4 


finished  job  fulfill  its  purpose  satisfactorily. 
The  method  is  based  on  tlie  rule,  that  the 
sum  of  the  rise  and  tlie  run  in  inches  should 
be  around  16  V2  inches,  roughly,  between 
16  and  17  inches.  To  the  right  of  the 
drawing  is  shown  how  the  spacing  of  steps 
on  a  ladder  can  be  determined  by  tliis  dia- 
gram, although  the  standard  spacing  for 
ladders  is  12  inches. 

Fig.  2  shows  a  similar  diagram,  giving 
three  difi^erent  points  to  be  used  on  tlie 
tongue,  11,  11 V2,  and  12  inches.    Here  the 


42 


THE    CARPENTER 


figure  used  on  the  blade,  24  inches,  remains 
the  same,  which  leaves  the  run  of  the  step 
in  the  three  cases  the  same,  or  as  sho\\Ti,  10 
inches.  But  the  figures  taken  on  the  tongue 
of  the  square  being  difFerent,  the  figures  that 
give  the  rise  will  also  be  different,  as  shov.-n 
on  tlie  drawing.    The   sum   of  the   rise  and 


run  of  the  largest  step  would  be  17  inches, 
the  second  largest,  16%  inches,  and  the 
smallest  would  be  16%  inches.  This  gives 
the  stair  builder  enough  leeway  to  make 
necessary-  adjustments  in  both  the  rise  and 
the  run  of  the  steps.    Study  Figs.  1  and  2. 

Determining  the  Rise.— Fig.  3  shows  to 
the  right  that  the  total  rise  for  a  flight  of 
porch  steps  is  27  inches.  Now  to  find  the 
number  of  steps  and  the  rise  for  the  individ- 
ual steps,  let's  divide  27  by  one  of  the  rises 
sho^^^l  in  Fig.  2,  say,  7  inches.  Seven  n^oII 
go  into  27  not  quite  4  times,  which  deter- 
mines the  number  of  risers,  but  does  not 
give  the  rise  per  step.  Let's  tr>'  6%  inches 
by  multipKing  it  by  4.  Four  times  6% 
equals    23^2,   which   is   too   small,    but  6% 


i^i 


might  do.  Four  times  6"4  equals  exactly  27, 
determining  the  rise  per  step  as  6^4  inches. 
The  last  figures  were  purposely  made  to 
come  out  even:  in  practice,  adjustments  usu- 
ally have  to  be  made.  In  losing  diagrams  to 
determine  the  rise  and  run  of  steps,  the 
workman  should  use  as  a  basis,  a  rise  or  a 
run  that  will  fit  in  with  the  circumstances 
under  v.-hich  he  has  to  work.  To  the  upper 
left  of  the  drawing  is  shown  in  part  the  out- 


side porch  joist  and  the  ends  of  the  porch 
flooring.  The  figures  shown  to  the  left,  give 
the  risers  for  the  rough  horse,  which  will  be 
more  fully  erplained  in  follo\^ing  illustra- 
tions. 

Stepping  off  Horses.— Fig.  4  shows  in  part, 
a  2x10  from  which  a  horse  for  the  steps  is 
to  be  cut.  The  t\vo  squares  sho%\Ti  in  part 
are  in  place  for  marking  the  rise  and  the 
run  for  two  steps.  The  rough  horse  has  only 
a  5^8-inch  rise  for  the  first  step.  The  other 
two  risers  are  6"4  inches.  The  fourth  riser, 
as  shown  in  Fig,  -3,  \\ill  be  7's  inches,  which 
is  not  cut  on  the  rough  horse.  Fig.  3  is  a 
detail  of  the  first  rough  step,  \^ith  the  square 
apphed  for  marking  the  base  cut.  The 
dotted  hnes  at  the  bottom  of  the  horse  show 
why  tlie  rough  step  has  only  a  o^s-inch  rise— 


^^^S^i^^^ 


Fis.  7 


enough  is  cut  off  the  bottom  of  the  rough 
horse  to  take  care  of  the  thickness  of  the 
finished  tread.  By  doing  this,  the  thickness 
of  the  tread  is  added  to  the  last  rise  of  the 
flight  of  steps,  which  is  as  it  should  be.  This 
is  shown  to  the  right  in  Fig.  6,  where  the 
treads  are  indicated  by  dotted  lines.  Study 
the  figures  given  on  this  dra\T.ing;  particu- 
larly those  of  the  first  and  the  last  risers. 


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sharpening  tools,  hovr  to  use  tools,  and  hovr 
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cal  book  on  carpenter's  tools  novr  on  the 
market.  Every  carjjenter.  especially  every 
apprentice  carpenter,  should  own  a  copy. 
The  price  is  S2.50,  See  previous  advertise- 
ments for   other   books. 

FREE. — Wi-.,-:;  S  bocks,  one  ireetry  b&t-k  tree,  with  5 
bMks,  two,  and  wi-Ji  6  &c-;£=,  three.  iWith  le-ss  tiiaii  3 
books,  one  of  the  poetry  books  for  only  50  cent*.) 

Books   autographed.    Five-day    Money-baek    BBirsJltM. 

Postpaid    anlj    when   full    amotin:    comes    vritb    order. 

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THE    CARPENTER 


43 


Finish  Risers  and  Stringers.— Fig.  7  shows 
a  top  view  of  the  steps  without  the  treads, 
in  part.  Two  rough  horses  are  pointed  out, 
three  risers,  one  stringer,  and  the  2x8  porch 
joist— also  the  2x8  to  which  the  rough  horses 
are  fastened.  The  steel  square  is  shown  ap- 
plied for  marking  the  miter  cut  for  the 
risers  where  they  join  the  risers  of  the 
stringers.  This,  it  will  be  seen,  would  be 
rather  inconvenient,  or  clumsy.  To  over- 
come this  handicap,  the  workman  estab- 
lishes the  bevel  with  the  steel  square,  and 
sets  his  bevel  square  to  it.  Then  with  the 
bevel  square  he  marks  both  the  risers  and 
the  risers  of  the  stringer.  A  bevel  square  in 
position  for  marking  the  bevel  on  a  riser  of 
the  stringer  is  shown  applied  to  the  second 
riser  at  the  bottom  of  tlie  drawing. 


Fig.  8 

The  finished  Steps.— To  the  upper  left  of 
Fig.  8  are  shown  three  different  joints  that 
can  be  used  in  joining  the  risers  to  the 
risers  of  the  stringer.  The  one  numbered  1, 
is  a  true  miter  joint,  such  as  shown  in  Fig.  7. 
This  joint  is  commonly  used.  A  shoulder- 
miter  joint  is  shown  at  number  2,  while 
number  3  shows  a  simple  joint  that  is  often 
used.  This  joint  is  stronger  than  tlie  other 
two,  gives  better  service  and  drains  better, 
consequently  it  will  last  longer,  but  it 
doesn't  look  quite  as  well  as  the  other  two. 
The  main  drawing  in  Fig.  8  gives  a  side 
view  of  the  finished  steps.  The  illustrations 
should  be  studied  as  a  whole,  giving  special 
attention  to  what  is  in  between  tlie  lines. 


Wants  to  Know 

A  reader  wants  to  know  how  to  get  the 
amount  to  be  deducted  for  a  ridgeboard,  or 
for  hip  and  valley  rafters. 

This  is  quite  a  simple  problem.  Make  a 
full-size  drawing  in  plan,  of  tlie  particular 
joint  you  are  working  with,  on  the  order 
shown  in  Fig.  1.  In  this  drawing,  as  indi- 
cated,   a   1%-inch   ridgeboard   (or  rafter)  is 


Fig.  1 

shown,  to  which  four  rafters  at  different 
angles  are  joined,  as  at  A,  B,  C  and  D.  It 
doesn't  make  any  difference  whether  these 
rafters  join  anotlier  rafter  or  a  ridgeboard; 


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Every  tooth  set  uniformly.  Handles  5  to  12 
point  hand  saws,  3"  to  10"  circular  saws,  Two  man  erojj 
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Ist^Measure    tread    or    riser   in    10    seconds 

ELiASON  STAIR  GAUGE 

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Building  Staircases 

In  10  seconds  you  get  'both  correct 
length  and  angle  for  stair  treads,  risers, 
closet  shelves,  ready  to  mark  board. 
Each  end  automatically  pivots  and  locks 
at  exact  length  and  angle  needed  for 
perfect  fit.  Length  adjustable  from  20" 
up.  Saves  a  day  or  more,  increases  your 
profits  $20  to  $30  on  each  staircase. 
Fully  guaranteed.    Circular  on  request. 

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or  C.O.D.  plus  postage. 

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Dealers    and    Distributors    Waitted 
2nd — Mark  board  with  gauge  for  perfect  fit 


44 


THE    CARPENTER 


always  take  half  the  distance  through  the 
timber  at  the  angle  (in  plan)  the  rafter  joins 
the  timber,  and  deduct  that  from  the  run  of 
the  last  step,  in  stepping  off  the  pattern.  It 
will  be  noticed  by  referring  to  the  draw- 
ing, that  the  distance  A,  B,  C  and  D,  as 
indicated  by  tihe  arrows,  are  not  the  same. 
It  is  important  that  the  drawing  be  made 
full  size,  and  in  plan.  All  roof  framing, 
theoretically,  is  done  from  the  center  of  the 


rafter,  and  therefore  the  deductions  are 
shown  here  in  line  with  the  centers,  which 
are  indicated  by  dotted  hues. 


ATTENTION!  !  !  ! 

CARPENTERS!   APPRENTICES!   BUILDERS! 

who  use  power  saws. 

You  cannot  afford  to  miss  this  opportunity  to  obtain 
information   so  vitally   important  to  you. 

Almost  all  of  the  modem  construction  is  done  on  a 
production  scale.  Most  of  the  rough  and  finish  carpen- 
ter work  is  subleted  to  the  lowest  bidder,  who  must  use 
hand  operated  portable  power  saws  and  rush  the  units 
through   in   order   to   realize  any   profit. 

Consequently,  the  carpenters  are  not  allowed  suflS- 
cient  time  to  figure  accurately  the  exact  number  of  de- 
grees at  which  to  set  their  power  saws  for  making  top 
cuts  for  gable  studs  and  side  or  cheek  cuts  for  Hip, 
Valley  an#  Jack  rafters,  bridging  lengths  and  cuts  in 
degrees,   and   all   Pob'gon    cuts   in   degrees. 

This  valuable  information  is  printed  on  decalcomanias 
that  can  very  easily  be  attached  to  any  smooth  surface, 
such  as,  a  tool  bo.t,  mitre  box.  power  saw,  or  wallet. 
When  a  protective  heavy  coat  of  clear  lacquer  is  ap- 
plied over  the  decalcomania.  it  will  last  indefinitely. 
The  table  decalcomanias  can  be  obtained  at  the  very 
reasonable    price    of   TWO    for    $1.00. 

1.  Saves   time    and    speeds   production. 

2.  Assurance  of  perfect  fitting  gable  studs  and  H.  or 
v.,   and  Jack  rafters  for  any  pitched  roof. 

3.  No  need  for  marking  side  cuts  with  a  square. 

4.  Information   available  when   and  where   needed. 

5.  Xo  guessing  or  adjusting  of  power  saw  to  a  side 
cut    line   marked   with   a    square. 

6.  Perfect   fitting   rafters   and   gable   studs   help   pre- 
vent plaster  from  cracking  in  new  homes. 

7.  Sold   by   a   journeyman   carpenter. 

Fill   in  and  mail  handy  order  form  below. 

UNO   POHJOLA 

P.  0.  Box  73  Detroit  6.  Michigan 

Gentlemen:    Please    send    me    (         )    number   of    table 
decalcomanias  priced  at  2  for  $1.00. 
I  enclose  cashier's  check  (         ),  postal  note  (         ),  or 
cash   (         )   for  the  amount  of  order  ($         ). 

Name 

Address K.R 

City 

State Zone 

(Please  print  clearly.) 


Fig.  2  shows  a  square  apphed  to  a  rafter 
timber,  for,  let's  say,  the  last  step.  But 
before  the  square  is  removed  or  the  deduct- 
ing is  done,  mark  along  the  edge  of  the 
blade,  as  indicated  on  the  drawing.  Then 
keeping  the  edge  of  the  square  on  the  pen- 
cil mark,  pull  the  square  back  the  distance 
that  has  to  be  deducted,  and  mark  the 
plumb  cut  along  the  edge  of  the  tongue. 
That's  all  there  is  to  it. 


EARN  BIG  PROFITS 

SHARPENING  AND  RETOOTHING  SAWS 


ENCE    and    SEGU- 
BITY  with   a   full  or 
part      time      SAW 
SHOP     BUSINESS 
OF      YOUR      OWN 
Burr's    precision   saw 
shop   machines   help   you   do 
m   better,    faster  Job.    and    re- 
quire less   space    less  time  and   less 
effort    They    (five   a   lifetime   of 
service    and    have    a     1     year 
guarantee.      WRITE    FOR 
FREE     FOLDERS 
Valuable    Book.  Send  25c  in 
coin   for   Burr's   Blue 
Book    of    Coast    to 
Coast  saw  shop  char- 
ges   and    other    valu- 
able information. 


BURR  MFG.  CO., 


Depl.  GI2  S945  Venice  BKd. 


Vz  Lighter 
than  Aluminum 

UNBREAKABLE   FRAME 
OF   EXTRUDED   MAGNESIUM 

•  Profitable,  Fast  Selling,   Nationally  Advertised 

•  Available    in    10    sizes   from    12    to    72    inches 

•  Adjustable,  Replaceable  Vial  Units 

•  Beautifully   Designed,    Accurate,    Dependable 

J.    H.    SCHARF   MFG.   CO.,    Omaha,    Nebr. 


QUICK  CHANGE  MULTIPLE  DRILL 


can    be   purchased   complete  unit  or   Head   only.     Can 
be   used    on  a  rip  Saw.  7,5  w.  Abriendo  Ave. 

HADWIGER  MFG.  CO.         PUEBLO.  COLO. 


KEEP  THOSE   EDGES 
RAZOR  SHARP 

on    your    plane    blades    and    chisels 
WITH    THIS    NEW,    PROVEN,    CARPENTER'S 
ACCESSORY    THAT    ASSURES    A    STRAIGHT. 
SHARPENED    EDGE   ALWAYS    AT    A    RIGHT 
ANGLE   TO    THE  SIDES. 

Plane  Blade  and  Chisel  Sharpener 

by  Marsh 


1 


.25  POSTPAID 

(plus  tax  in  Calif.) 


SMALL,  COMPACT,  READY  FOR  IMMEDI- 
ATE USE — WING  SCREW  IN  THE  HOLDING 
CLAMP  IS  THE  ONLY  ADJUSTMENT. 

•  ■Holds  blade  at  correct  angle  for  sharpen- 
ing •  A  few  strokes  back  and  forth  on  stone 
keeps  the  edge  razor  sharp  •  No  guesswork 
•  No  round  corners  •'  14  Ga.  steel  construc- 
tion •  Weight  only  8  oz.  •  For  the  bench  or 
on  the  job  •  Satisfaction  guaranteed  or  your 
money  refunded. 

BE  SHARP!    START  SHARP  •  STAY  SHARP 

SEND  YOUR  CHECK  OR  MONEY  ORDER  TO: 
47    E.    WALNUT    ST.    PASADENA    1,    CALIF. 

SPEEDY  HINGE  SPACER 


Pat.  Pending 

BUnges  spaced  quickly  and  accurately.  Er- 
rors in  spacing  impossible. 

If  Jambs  are  accurately  set  all  doors  of  equal 
size  will  be  interchangeable  throughout  en- 
tire building. 


This  tool  is  particularly  valuable  in  fit- 
ting wood  doors  to  metal  jambs. 

Adjust  knives  to  fit  mortise  in  jambs, 
then  transfer  to  doors,  no  waste  of  time 
in  measuring.  Place  end  tight  against 
head  jamb  hook  on  top  of  door  will  give 
proper  head  clearance. 

Knocks  down  in  three  sections  26"  each. 
Made  of  Aluminum  channels 
with  hardened  ad- 
justable knives. 


^ 


Shipping  Weight  Approximately   4  lbs. 

Price  $7.50  Delivered 

BAKER  MACHINE  CO. 

330  Bryan  St.  Fort  Worth  4,  Texas 


New- Butt  Mortise  Plane 

"Made  by  a  Carpenter  for  Carpenter's' 

•  Hang  Doors  Quicker 
and  Better 

•  Uniform  Depth 

$4.65 


Cuts  Clean  and  Even 

Also  for  Lock 
Fronts,  vStriking 
Plates  Etc. 

Easy  To  Use 


SIMPLE  TO  OPERATE -HERE'S  HOW 

I.    Use  Chisel  as  Shown  In  Illustration. 

2-    Set    Butt    Mortise    Plane    blade    for    depth    by 

holding  plane  bottom   side   up  and  placing  hlnee 

In  front  of  blade. 

3.  Push  Blade  Through  Until  Flush  with  Hinge. 
tighten  thumbscrew.  (If  door  has  bevel,  set 
hinge   a   trifle   deeper.) 

4.  Plane  out  remainder  of  wood  in  both  directions 
by  reversing  plane.    Repeat  operation  on  jamb. 

Over  o//  %nti  9S^"-B»ac/e  13/16" 
Cash    with    Order,    $4.65    Prepaid.     If    C.     0.     D., 
postage  extra. 

WELBERT  DOHMEYER 

1646   Main    St.,    Crete,    Illinois 


with  the 

FOLEY  LAWN  MOWER  SHARPENER 

"I  have  sharpened  over  10,000  mowers  in  my  Foley  Lawn 
Mower  Sharpener  in  the  last  10  years — only  repairs  needed 
were  new  belts" — Charles  H.  Smith.  From  Ralph  Rand — 
"The  first  month's  business  paid  for  my  machine."  The  Foley 
sharpens  all  sizes  and  types  of  mowers  in  15  or  20  minutes 
(with  handles  on).  Prices  rim  from  $1.50  to  $3.00  for  hand 
mowers,  and  $5.00  to  $8.00  for  power  mowers.  This  is  tha 
way   to   make   money! 

FREE  BOOK — "Hov)   To  Sharpen  Power   Mowers" 

shows  just  how  to  sharpen  any  make  of  power  lawn  mower 
with  the  Foley.  Prices  .?97.50  to  $159.50 — easy  payment 
terms  available.  Mail  coupon  today — we'll  also  send  FREE 
PLAN  telling  how  to  start  your  own  busl- 
,,,  ness  without  previous  experience.  Ko  sales- 
HOW  to     \\\        man  will  call. 

Sharpen  11-^^    —    —    —    —   _- 

FOLEY    MFG.    CO.,     1201-0    Foley    BIdg., 
Minneapolis    18,    Minn. 

Send  FREE  BOOK  "IIow  to  Sharpen  Pow-    I 
er   Mowers."    and    FREE    PLAN    on    lawn  I 
_  mower  business. 

NAME     1 

[    ADDRESS    I 


HOW 


r  Earn  Better  Pay  This  Easy  Way 


CARPENTRY 
ESTIMATING 

...QUICK.. .EASY.. .ACCURATE 

with  this  simplified  guide! 

You  can  earn  higher  pay  when  you  know  how 
to  estimate.  Here  is  everything  you  need  to 
know  to  "take  off"  a  bill  of  materials  from  set 
of  plans  and  specifications  for  a  frame  house. 
Saves  you  time  figuring  jobs,  protects  you 
against  oversights  or  mistakes  that  waste 
materials  and  cost  money.  Nothing  compli- 
cated— just  use  simple  arithmetic  to  do  house 
carpentry  estimating  with  this  easy-to-use  ready 
reference  handbook. 

SIMPLIFIED 
CARPENTRY  ESTIMATING 

Shows  you,  step  by  step,  how  to  figure  mate- 
rials needed  for  (1)  foundation,  (2)  framing, 
(3)  exterior  finish,  (4)  interior  finish,  (5) 
hardware,  and  (6)  stairs.  Gives  definite  "take- 
off" rules,  with  many  quick-reference  tables  and 
short-cut  methods  that  simplify  the  work. 

CDCAIAI  ECATIIDrC-  Lumber  Checking  List.  Mill- 
OrCblHU  rCHIUnCd.  work  Checking  List.  Hard- 
ware Checking  List.  Materials  Ordering  Information.  Quick- 
Figuring  Tables  for  estimating  concrete  footings  and  walls, 
concrete  piers,  window  frames,  door  and  window  areas, 
sash  weights,  nail  quantities.  How  to  figure  labor  hours 
per  unit  of  work.  Rules  for  linear,  area  and  volume 
measurement.  Mathematical  reference  tables,  including  dec- 
imal equivalents,  lumber  reckoner,  conversion  of  weights  and 
measures,  etc.  New  chapter,  "How  to  Plan  a  House."  gives 
useful  data  for  contractors  and  material  dealers. 

Til  DM  TA  rUADTPD  11  ^ben  you  receive  this  book, 
lUKR    lU   UnHrlCK   0,    and     see     the     "Estimating 

Short  Cuts"  you  can  use  for  quick  figuring  of  board  foot- 
age. Here  are  simplified  ways  to  estimate  lumber  needed 
for  floors,  walls,  ceilings,  roof,  door  and  window  frames, 
inside  trim  for  these  frames,  inside  trim  for  inside  doors, 
and  drawers  and  cabinets.  This  chapter  alone  can  be  worth 
the  entire  price  of  the  book  to  you! 

Send  No  Money 

EXAMINE  10  DAYS  FREE 

Just  fill  in  and  mail  cou- 
pon below  to  get  "Sim- 
plified Carpentry  Esti- 
mating" for  10  DAY.S 
FREE  TRLJX.  If  not 
fully  satisfied,  return  the 
book  and  owe  nothing.  If 
you  keep  it.  send  only 
$3.50  plus  few  cents  post- 
age in  full  payment.  You 
take  no  risk.  Mail  cou- 
pon  now. 


MAIL  THIS   COUPON 


SIMMONS-BOARDMAN  Publishing  Corp.  (Carp. 1230) 
■  30    Church    Street,    New    York   7,    N.    Y. 

Send  me  for  10  DATS  FREE  TRIAL.  "Simpli- 
fied Carpentry  Estimating."  I  will  either  return 
it  in  10  days  and  owe  nothing,  or  send  only  $3.50 
(plus    shipplns   charges)    in    full   payment. 


NOTICE 


Name     

■      Address     

I  I 

I     City   &    State    ^ 


The  publishers  of  "The  Carpenter"  reserve  the 
right  to  reject  all  advertising  matter  which  may 
be,  in  their  judgment,  unfair  or  objectionable  to 
the  membership  of  the  United  Brotherhood  of 
Carpenters   and  Joiners  of  America. 

All  Contracts  for  advertising  space  in  "The  Car- 
penter," including  those  stipulated  as  non-can- 
cellable, are  only  accepted  srbject  to  the  above 
reserved  rights  of  the  publlshetB. 


Index  of  Advertisers 


Carpenters'  Tools  and  Accessories 

Page 

The   American   Floor  Surfacing 

Machine    Co.,    Toledo,    Ohio 47 

Ardee     Tool     Co.,     Rocky     River 

Station,    Ohio    43 

Baker  Machine   Co.,  Fort   Worth, 

Texas    45 

Burr    Mfg.    Co.,    Los    Angeles, 

Cal.      44 

Wilbert   Dohmeyer,    Crete,   111 45 

Dremel   Mfg.   Co.,   Racine,   Wis. 47 

Eliason    Tool    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn.    43 

E-Z   Mark    Tools,    Los   Angeles, 

CaL      48 

Foley    Mfg.    Co.,    Minneapolis, 

Minn.     45-48 

Hadwiger  Mfg.  Co.,  Pueblo,  Colo.        44 
The    Lufkin   Rule    Co.,   Saginaw, 

Mich.     3rd   Cover 

North    Bros.    Mfg.    Co., 

Philadelphia,    Pa.    47 

Uno    Pohjola,    Detroit,    Mich 44 

J.    H.    Scharf,    Mfg.    Co.,    Omaha, 

Nebr.     44 

Sportsmans    Specialties, 

Pasadena,    Cal.    45 

Stanley  Tools,  New  Britain, 

Conn.     3rd  Cover 

Carpentry  Materials 

The   Upson   Co.,   Lockport,   N.   Y.  4 

Doors 

Overhead    Door    Corp^    Hartford 

City,     Ind.     4th   Cover 

Technical  Cotirses  and  Books 

American    Technical    Society, 

Chicago,    111.    47 

Audel    Publishers,    New   York, 

N.  Y. 3rd   Cover 

Chicago    Technical    College,    Chi- 
cago,   111.    3 

H.   H.   Siegele,   Emporia,   Kans. 42 

Simmons-Boardman   Publishing 

Corp.,   New  York,  N.   Y 46 

Tamblyn   System,   Denver,    Colo.-        48 


KEEP  THE  MONEY 
IN   THE    FAMILY! 

PATRONIZE 
ADVERTISERS 


Get  behind  a 


SPIRAL  SCREW 
DRIVER 


and  get  ahead 
of  the  job 


YANKEE  TOOLS  NOW   PART  OF 


[STANLEY]^ 


THE  TOOL  BOX  OF  THE 


the  spiral 
do   the   heavy 
wrist    work.     A 
simple  push  on  a 
turdy    "Yankee" 
drives  or  draws  the 
screw  with  a  spinning 
start.   Good   for   years 
smooth,  willing  part- 
Tship   with   your   good 
right    hand.    Three    sizes, 
each  with  3  size  bits.  Pop- 
ular    30A     size,     range     of 
screws   #2  to   #8.  For  one- 
hand  operation,  buy  the  130A 
Yankee"    with    the    "quick- 
return"  spring  in  the  handle. 
Send  for  the  "Yankee"  Tool  Book 


NORTH 


]MFG.     C?0. 


Philadelphia  33,  Pa. 


12th  Edition  for 
EXAMINATION 

SEND  NO  MONEY 


Learn  to  draw  plana,  eatlmate,  be  a  lire-wire  builder,  do 
remodeling,  take  contracting  jobs.  Those  9  practical,  pro- 
fusely illustrated  books  cover  subjects  that  will  help  you 
to  get  more  work  and  make  more  money.  Masonry,  con- 
crete forms,  carpentry,  steel  square,  roof  framing,  construc- 
tion, plumbing,  heating,  painting,  decorating  and  many 
other    subjects.     More    than    4000    pages — 2750    lIlustratlonB. 

UP-TO-DATE 

EDITION 

These  books  art 
the  most  up-to- 
date  and  compleU 
we  have  ever  pub- 
lished on  then 
many  subjects. 
Examination 


BETTER  JOBS  -BETTER  PAY 

A  nationwide  building  boom  Is  In  full 
swing  and  trained  men  are  needed. 
Big  opportunities  are  always  for  MEN 
WHO  KNOW  HOW.  These  books  sup- 
ply quick,  easily  understood  training  and 
tiandy,  permanent  reference  Information 
that    helps    solve    building    problems. 

Coupon    Brings    Nine    Big    Books   For 


Publishers  since  1898 


AMERICAN  TECHNICAL  SOCIETY 
Dept.  G-936,  Drexel  at  58th  Street,  Chicago  37,  III. 
You  may  ship  me  the  Up-to-Date  edition  of  your  nine 
big  books,  •"Building,  Estimating,  and  Contracting"  with- 
out any  obligation  to  buy.  I  will  pay  the  delivery  chargei 
only,  and  if  fully  satisfied  in  ten  days,  I  will  send  you 
$3.00,  and  after  that  only  $4.00  a  month,  until  the  total 
price  of  only  $34.80  Is  paid.  I  am  not  obligated  In  any 
way  unless  I  keep  the  books. 

Name     

Addresa     

City  State   

Attach  letter  stating  age,  occupation,  employer's  naioH  and 
address,  and  name  and  address  of  at  least  one  buaineii 
man  as  reference.     Men  In  service,  also  give  home  address. 


FINER  FINISH  SANDING 
AT  A  NEW  LOW  PRICE! 


Double  yont  production  . . .  increase  your 
profit . . .  sand  floors  with  a  new  American 
Super  8!  Curs  twice  as  fast  as  standard  8" 
machine!  Powerful  2  H.P.  motor  . . .  drum 
speed  range  1600  to  2800  r.p.m.  assures 
greatest  efficiency  under  varying  conditions 
...  correct  drum  pressure  selected  by  varia- 
ble control — 52  lb.  to  103  lb. — to  meet  all 
conditions  in  floors.  Operates  efficiently 
even  with  low  Voltage,  Plus  many  more  all- 
new  features.  Write  for  bulletin  and  prices. 

AMERICAN  Floor  Surfacing  Machine  Co. 

520  So.  St.  Clair  St.    •    Toledo  3,  Ohio 


14,400 

SANDING    STROKES 

PER  MINUTE 

EVERY  CARPENTER  NEEDS  

EVERY  CARPENTER  CAN  AFFORD  THIS  TOOL! 

Here  for  the  first  time  in  the  building  field, 
is  a  fast  cutting  finish  sander  at  a  remarkably 
low  price.  It's  sturdily  built  to  witlistand  con- 
tinuous operation,  and  has  a  siraight-line  recip- 
rocating action— leaves  no  cross-grain  or  rotary 
scratches.  Weighs  5  lbs.  No  bearing-down  .  .  . 
weight  of  sander  does  the  work.  Only  2  mov- 
ing parts  .  .  .  never  needs  oiling.  Uses  110- 
120  V.  A.  C.  Dust-proof,  fool-proof,  fully 
guaranteed.  Size  3%"x4y2"x7".  Paper  can 
be  changed  in  seconds.  Call  your  sup- 
ritmc  \  plier  or  write  for  details. 

DREMEL  MANUFACTURING  CO. 


2422   18th  Street 


Racine,   Wisconsin 


/^      HANG  THAT  DOOR 
THE  PROFESSIONAL  WAY! 


ilakes  a  clean-cut,  deeply-etclied  profile  on  door. 
Remove  chips.  Repeat  operation  on  jamb.  Hang 
doorl  No  adjustments.  No  fussing.  Precision  made. 
Drop-forged,  heat-treated  steel.  Comes  in  3",  3J" 
4"    (Std)    sizes. 


ONLY  $1.75  ea. — $3.50  a  pair 
(any  two) — $5.25  complete  set 
of  three.  If  dealer  can't  supply, 
send  only  $1.00  -with  order  and 
pay  postman  balance  plus  post- 
age C.  O.  D.  In  Canada,  .25c 
higher  per  order.  No  C.  O.  D. 
State    sizes    ■wanted. 


USERS  PRAISE 
HIGHLY 

"Really  a  help  for  the 
'old  hands'  and  almost 
a  'must'  for  the  new 
boys." 

S.    H.    Glover 
Cincinnati,   Ohio 

"The    greatest  help    in 

banging  doors  I  have 
ever    seen." 

J.    Allen  Charles 

Mullins.  S.    C. 


Comes  With         Conceded  by   carpenters  to  be  almost  indispensable, 
Leatherette  case     g^g  hundreds  of  testimonials  in  file  show. 
("E-Z  Mark"  Trade  Mark  Reg.) 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377  DepL  C,  Los  Angeles  16,  Cal. 


E-Z  MARK  TOOLS,  Box  8377,  Oept.  C. 
Los  Angeles  16,  Calif. 


V 

hari 

I 


YOU  DO  THIS 


Clip    and    mail    handy    order    form     below. 


Gentlemen:    Please  send  the  following   "E-Z"  Mark  Butt  Gauges  as  checked  below: 

Check  Size 

□         one  of  any  size  $1.75  

n         two    of  any    size   $3.50  

n         complete    set    of    three   any   size'  $5.25  

I    enclose   check    or    money    order         D 
Send  C.   O.   D D 


Name: 

Address: 

State: 


City Zone. 


^!^ 


$900 


IN  SPARE  TIME 


"1  did  very  well  last  | 

year    with    my    Foley 

equipment,    about   950 

taws     and     240     lawn  ' 

mowers.    In   my    spare 

time.   About   J900   for 

me."    Leo    H.     Mix. 

Carpenters  Mcike  up   to  $2  or  $3  an  hour  in 

Bpare     time.    With   a   Foley   Automatic   Saw 

Filer  you  pan   file  hand,   band  and  circular 

saws  better  than  the  most  expert  hand  filer. 

Cash  business,  no  canvassing.  No  eyestrain, 

no  experience  needed. 

FREE  BOOK 

"INDEPENDENCE  AFTER  40" 

ehows  just  ho'w  you' 
can  start  at  home  in 
spare  time,  ■with 
email  investment, 
no  overhead, — and 
develop  into  a  full- 
time  repair  shop. 
Send  coupon  today 
— no  salesman  ■will 
call. 


S^d  0(Kcfr<ut  7(w  FREE  BOOK 


FOLEY  MFG.  CO.,  1218-0  Foley  Bldgr^ 

Minneapolis    18,   Minn. 

Send  FREE  BOOK — "Independence  After  40' 

Name    

Address    


LEARN  TO  ESTIMATE 

If  you  are  ambitious  to  have  your  own  busi- 
ness and  be  your  o'wn  boss  the  "Tamblyn 
System"  Home  Study  Coarse  in  Estimating 
will  start  you  on  your  way. 

If  you  are  an  experienced  carpenter  and 
have  had  a  fair  schooling  in  reading,  writing 
and  arithmetic  you  can  master  our  System 
in  a  short  period  of  your  spare  time.  The 
first  lesson  begins  with  excavations  amd  step 
by  step  instructs  you  how  to  figure  the  cost 
of  complete  buildings  just  as  you  would  do 
it  in  a  contractor's  office. 

By  the  use  of  this  System  of  Estimating  you 
avail  yourself  of  the  benefits  and  guidance  of 
the  author's  40  years  of  practical  experience 
reduced  to  the  language  you  understand. 
You  will  never  find  a  more  opportune  time 
to  establish  yourself  in  business  than   now. 

Study  the  course  for  ten  days  absolutely 
free.  If  you  decide  you  don't  want  to  keep 
it,  just  return  it.  Otherwise  send  us  $8.75 
and  pay  the  balance  of  $40.00  at  $10.00  per 
month,  making  a  total  of  $48.75  for  the  com- 
plete course.  On  request  we  will  send  you 
plans,  specifications,  estimate  sheets,  a  copy 
of  the  Building  Labor  Calculator,  and  com- 
plete instructions.  What  we  say  about  this 
course  is  not  important,  but  what  you  find  it 
to  be  after  you  examine  it  is  the  only  thing 
that  matters.  You  be  the  judge;  yoor  deci- 
sion Is  fined. 

Write  your  name  and  address  clearly  uid 
give  your  age,  and  trade  experience. 

TAMBLYN  SYSTEM 

1115    So.    Pearl   St.,    C-48,    Denver    10,    Colo. 


■•  ALL  THE  BEST  IDEAS  of  skilled  workers  in 
wood  for  over  70  years  have  been  built  into 
these  Stanley  Planes.  Naturally  they  feel 
right  and  work  right.  Stanley  Tools,  163  Elm 
Street,  New  Britain,  Connecticut 


THE  TOOL  BOX  OF  THE  WORLD 

[Stanley! 

Reg.  U.S.  Pat.  Off. 

HARDWARE -TOOLS -ELECTRIC  TOOLS 
STEEL  STRAPPING -STEEL 


No.  5  Plane 


AUDELS  Carpenters 
and  Builders  Guides 

4vois.$6 


InsideTrade  Information 

for  Carpenters.  Builders.  Join- 
ers. Building  Mechanics  and  all 
Woodworkers.  These  Gaidea 
give  you  the  short-cot  instruc- 
tions that  yoa  want— including 
new  methods,  ideas,  solutions, 
plans,  systems  and  money  sav- 
mg  suggestions.  An  easy  pro- 
gressive course  for  the  appren- 
tice and  student.  A  practical 
daily  helper  and  Quick  Refer- 


for   the 

Carpenters  everywhe 
ing  the       -^   ■ ' 


worker. 


nply  fill  in  and 

lil  FEEE  COUPON  below. 


Helping 
Hand  to  Easier  Work,  Better 
Work  and  Better  Pay.  To  get 
this  assistance  for  yourself, 
eimplx  fin  i 

Inside  Trade  Information  On:        mail 

How  to  use  the  steel  square — How  to  file  and 

set  saws — How  to  build  lurniture — How  to  use 

a  mitre  box — How  to  use  the  chalk  line — How 

to  use  rules  and  scales — How  to  make  joints — 

Carpenters   arithmetic — Solving   mensuration 

problems — Estimating  strength  ol  timbers — 

How  to  set  girders  and  sills — How  to  frame 

houses  and  rools — How  to  estimate  costs — How 

to  build  houses,  barns,  garages,  bungalows,  etc. 

— How  to  read  and  draw  plans — Drawing  up 

specifications — How  to  excavate — How  to  use 

settings  12, 13  and  17  on  the  steel  square — How 

to  build  hoists  and  scaffolds — skylights — How 

to  build  stairs — How  to  put  on  interior  trim —    . 

How  to  hang  doors — How  to  lath — lay  floors — How  to  paint 

AUDe""  Pubrishers,  49  W.  23rd  St.,  New  York  10,  N.  Y. 

Mail  Audels  Carpenters  and  Builders  Guides,  4  vols.,  on  7  days'  free 
trial.  If  OK  I  will  remit  SI  in  7  days  and  $1  monthly  until  S6  is  paid. 
-Otherwise  I  will  return  them.  No  obligation  unless  I  am  satislied. 

Name • ■ ■ " 


Employed  by- 


CAB 


EXCLUSIVE 


•MIRACLE  WEDGED 

•SALT  SPRAY  STEELE 
7ft<MucU  OR  Siectncc  OPERATION 


■k  Trade  Mark