r^SoP * ^^pS*- lr
CATALOG
CONTAINING USEFUL INFORMATION
AND TABLES APPERTAINING TO
THE USE OF
FIRE BRICK
SILICA, MAGNESIA, CHROME,
FIRE CLAY BRICK AND OTHER
REFRACTORY MATERIALS
II
AS MANUFACTURED
AND FURNISHED BY
CABLE ADDRESS: GENERAL OFFICES
STOWFULLER ROCKEFELLER BLDG.
CLEVELAND CLEVELAND
77V677
PLANTS
STRASBURG, OHIO
Located on B. & O. R. R.
EMPIRE, OHIO
Located on Penna. Co. Ry.
LOCK HAVEN, PA.
Located on Penna. R. R.
ALEXANDRIA, PA.
Located on Penna. R. R.
$c KY.< „,
Located cm (s.'&<G<eRy.
Copyright 1914, by
THE STOWE-FULLER CO.
CLEVELAND, O.
INTRODUCTORY
In presenting this catalog to the trade, it is
our purpose to make it explanatory of our full
line of refractory materials, and to show a few of
the various shapes which are ordinarily carried
in stock at our different plants. It is also our
aim to present a book which will contain infor-
mation of value to the various consumers of
refractories, and to prove an aid in the selection
of proper materials for their particular require-
ments. While we have endeavored to cover the
entire fire brick field, it is possible no mention
has been made of brick adaptable for your
needs. If so, correspondence or an interview
will determine, according to circumstances,
which is the most suitable brand for use. We
manufacture brands suitable for every purpose
where fire brick are required, and stand 'ready
at all. times to give VQU the benefit of knowledge
gained by over thirty years' experience in the
manufacture of all high grade brick.
We control a supply of the highest grade
Styrian dead burned Magnesite produced in
Europe.
We import direct from the Orient a Low
Silica Chrome Ore which is superior to any com-
ing to this country for Metalluigical purposes.
"When 'Quality' is considered we are fore-
most in the field."
THE STOWE-FULLER GO.
388816
INDEX
Page
Analyses of Brick.
National 19
Standard 19
Cone test of different brick 36
Analyses of Fire Clays.
Lock Haven Clay 20
Minor and other well known Clays 31
Kentucky Clays 23
Blast Furnace Shapes 42-43
Brands of Fire Brick.
National 17
Standard 18
S. F. & Co. W 18
Aluminite 50
Imperial Steel 24
K. F. B. Co. Roof 23
Lock Haven Steel 20
Penn 21
Empire 22
Minor 22
F. R. Co. Silica 55
Chrome Brick 66
Magnesia Brick 73
Cement Kiln Brick 50-51
Cement Kiln Brick, Rotary Linings 52-53
Chemical Elements, Symbols and Atomic Weights 89
Chrome Department 66
Cipher Code 99-100-101-102-103-104-105-106
Circle Brick 38
Clays, Sagger, Ball 49
Comparative Tests 30
Cupola Blocks 39
Cupola Blocks Whiting >. 40
Federal Refractories Co 54
Kentucky Fire Brick Co 23-24
Kiln, National 45
Kiln Floor Br ck 47-48
Lock Haven Fire Brick Co 21
Magnesia Department 69
Magnesia Brick 73
Magnesite Dead Burned 71
Manufacture of Fire Brick, The 9-10-11-12-13
Mensuration and Weights and Measures 83
Mill Blocks 41
Minor Fire Brick Co., The 8
National Fire Brick Co., The 6
Orth Roof Shapes 65
Plants 2
Seger Cones — Melting Points 82
Seger Cones 93-94-95-96-97-98
Shapes carried in stock 25-26-27-28
Silica Brick 57
Silica Department 56
Specific Gravity of Various Substances 90
Standard 9 in. Shapes 32
Tables 76-80
Temperatures 76
Tile 29-30
Useful Information 91
Whiting Cupola IBlocks 40
We are pioneers in the manufacture of high
grade refractories, and by continually making
improvements which embody features that
make for greater uniformity and quality of
output, and with important economies that
will always permit us to meet the market price
of fire brick and other refractory materials, we
are prepared to figure on your requirements
no matter how large or small they may be.
From the raw material, which is the best
obtainable, to the finishing of the product,
the entire process is in the hands of trained men
whose knowledge and actual experience enables
us to produce the highest grade refractories.
Open Hearth Steel Furnaces.
Blast Furnaces — Hot Blast Stoves.
Puddling and Heating Furnaces.
Carbon Furnaces and Retorts.
Coke Ovens — By-Product Ovens.
Gas Producers, Gas Retorts and Settings.
Rotary Portland Cement Kilns.
Lime, Brick, Sewer-Pipe Kilns.
Copper, Nickel and Zinc Smelting Furnaces.
Soda Ash Kilns and Rotary Dryers.
Oil Furnaces and Checker Settings.
Glass House Work.
Pottery Kiln Shapes and Clays.
StOY/E-FuiI.ETl CO.
THE NATIONAL FIRE BRICK CO.
BRANDS
National— Standard — American — S. F. Co.
This plant is located at Strasburg, Ohio, and
the company owns the largest body of flint and
plastic clay in Ohio, the vein averaging from
four to six feet in thickness. Analyses show the
quality of these clays to compare favorably
with any other clay in the country. Brick made
from this clay has gained an enviable reputation
all over the country. The brick are dried by
our own waste heat process, thus cooling the
kilns much better than by the old process.
The large, modern kilns have a capacity from
90,000 to 125,000 brick each. The factory is
located in close proximity to the clay mines,
and the manufacture is under the careful super-
vision of trained and experienced men. Experts
have examined the factory and pronounce it
one of the most improved plants of its kind in
the country.
The factory being designed with great floor
and dryer capacity, the most difficult shapes
in large quantities can be made up and shipped
promptly.
The brands manufactured here are especially
suitable for Blast Furnace Stoves, Open Hearth
Checkers, or any place where brick are sub-
jected to similar conditions.
This plant makes a specialty of Blast Furnace
Stove Brick, Open Hearth Checkers and has
the largest capacity in the country for that
class of work.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
.
I
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
THE MINOR FIRE BRICK CO.
BRANDS
Minor — Empire
The first Minor plant was erected in 1869 at
Empire, Ohio, with a capacity of 4,000 brick
per day, the works enlarged and the output
gradually increased and the sale of the product
extended until most of the steel and iron manu-
facturers became acquainted with the brick
and preferred them for many uses.
In January, 1900, this plant was destroyed
by fire, but was rebuilt the same year on the
most modern and improved plans, and today
stands as a model in all that goes to make a
perfect fire brick factory. The capacity of the
plant is now 30,000 per day, and the brick are
more perfect from standpoint of quality and
workmanship than ever before.
The "Minor" brand have given excellent
results in Boilers, Annealing Furnaces, Ladles,
Hot Metal Cars, and give better service in
Cupolas than any other brand on the market.
The "Empire" brand are hand made,
repressed brick, and because of their extreme
denseness are especially suitable for use in
Blast Furnace upper linings, Blast Furnace
connections, Lime Kiln Tops, and other places
where a brick of this kind is required.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE BRICK
I
10
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE BRICK
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
11
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE BRICK
12
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE BRICK
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
13
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE BRICK
3
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53
I
14
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE BRICK
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
15
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE BRICK
Petroleum Chemist,
U.S. Bureau of Mines,
stom uouso,
Francisco, Calit
o
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16
THE STOWE-FULLEB Co.
THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE BRICK
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 17
OUR BRANDS
"National" brand is manufactured from
the highest grade of Ohio Flint Calcined Clay,
together with selected plastic clay to form a
good bond, giving a highly refractory brick,
suitable for Heating Furnaces, Puddling Fur-
naces, Blast Furnace Stoves, Rolling Mill
Furnaces, and furnaces requiring an open brick.
It is a hand made, repressed brick.
"National" Kentucky Mix. Made from
our best Calcined Flint Clay and a Kentucky
Bond Clay. We find that the affinity of this
Bond Clay with our own Flint Clays, a
higher grade of brick for some purposes can be
obtained than with either all Ohio Clays or all
Kentucky Clay, and the clays are prepared by
the "Wet Pan" process, insuring a perfect and
intimate mixture. Special attention is paid to
the chemical and mechanical mixture of the
clays in this brick, making it one of the most
desirable and regular Fire Brick produced in
this country.
"National 2" brand is manufactured from
the highest grade of Ohio Flint Clay with a
larger portion of plastic clay to make a more
dense and firm brick. By the manipulation
and selection of clays, this plant has been able
to make Brick and Shapes that have heretofore
only been obtained abroad; and in quality
and workmanship we have been able to surpass
the Foreign Brick.
18 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
"Standard" brand is manufactured at our
National plant, in both hand made and semi-
dry pressed, for use in Gas Furnaces, Annealing
Ovens, Sewer Pipe and Brick Kilns, Boiler
Settings, etc. It is a well made brick of high heat
resisting qualities, and uniformity of size, and
will stand over 2,500° of heat without fluxing,
and can be furnished in all shapes.
"S.-F. Co.— W."
This brand is manufactured to meet a demand
for a pressed, smooth brick for general work,
such as Boiler Settings, Brick and Sewer Pipe
Kilns, Refuse Burners, Tanneries, Saw Mills.
The brick are uniform in size and will stand
work up to 2,500°.
"American"
ONE SIZE ONLY
This brand is the same in quality as the
"Standard, " but is in the West Virginia size,
measuring 8J4 x 2 J^ x 4J^. They are used for
the same purposes as "Standard/' and are a
firm, smooth, true brick, suitable for mantel
and grate work. These brick are well adapted
for Crowns of Pressed Brick, Sewer Pipe and
other Kilns. The size makes them desirable for
dealeis' trade as they weigh only 6 pounds each,
whereas the full 9" weigh 7 pounds each.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
19
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20 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
BRANDS
L. H. Steel— Perm— Aluminite
Since establishing our business we have always
found it necessary to have a High Grade Penn-
sylvania Clay Brick. Finding that most all of
the old brands were deteriorating, either from
exhaustion of the good clays or because of the
attempt to manufacture quantity instead of
quality, we were obliged to establish our own
factory in that State. After spending two years
searching for the best Fire Clay property in
Pennsylvania we selected Lock Haven as being
the most desirable location on account of the
deposits of high grade clay at that point.
With the erection of a new and improved
factory, the latest and best machinery, and men
of long experience to operate them, we placed
on the market under the brand of "Lock Haven
Steel" the best Fire Brick made in Pennsyl-
vania. Recently improvements were added
which facilitate the drying of large and difficult
shapes. Brick are made here for use in Malleable
Iron Furnaces, Open Hearth Furnaces, Blast
Furnaces, Carbon Furnaces, or any other work
where strictly No. 1 brick are required. The
location of this plant is especially desirable for
shipments to the great Iron and Steel centers
of Pennsylvania and the East.
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 21
LOCK HAVEN FIRE BRICK COMPANY
BRANDS
"L. H. Steel." A Flint Clay Brick for
Malleable Iron Furnaces, Bosh and Hearth of
Blast Furnaces, Open Hearth Steel Furnaces,
Carbon Furnaces and work requiring ability to
withstand heats of the highest practical tem-
peratures.
"Lock Haven." For Inwall linings of Blast
Furnaces, Kilns and Cupolas, requiring them
to stand intense heat and also friction.
"Penn." For friction as well as heat, for
Tops of Blast Furnaces, Lime Kilns, etc., a
brick to stand wear.
The remarkable purity and regularity of these
clays as given by comparative analyses below
verify our statements in regard to quality.
Lock Haven Fire Brick Company
Flint Clay Flint Clay
by by
P. L. Hobbs Crowell &
Peck
Silica 44.00 43.52
Alumina 42.12 42.18
Oxide of Iron 86 .42
Lime 24 .25
Magnesia .10 .16
Ignition Loss 14.20 14.31
22 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
"Minor" Brick have an enviable reputation
where a brick is required to withstand great
friction besides heat. These brick give perfect
satisfaction in Malleable Iron and Steel Found-
ries, Ladles, Cupolas, Soaking Pits, Annealing
Furnaces, Hot Blast Stoves, Hot Metal Cars,
Boiler Settings, Gas Producers, Lime Kilns, etc.
"Empire" Brand. These brick are hand-
made, repressed brick of special function qual-
ities. They are extremely dense, and, because
of this feature, possess great abrasive as well
as heat resisting qualities, and are especially
suitable for top linings in Blast Furnaces and
Lime Kilns.
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 23
The Kentucky Fire Brick Company has been
manufacturing fire brick in the Olive Hill
district of Kentucky since 1902. Its works
are located at Haldeman, Kentucky, where it
owns several thousand acres of famous Carter
County clays. Its mines show a wonderful
deposit of clay, and have been systematically
developed until sufficient proven clay is in
sight to furnish high grade material of uniform
quality for over twenty-five years without any
further development. The remarkable purity
and regularity of this clay is shown by recent
analyses of clay taken from sections of the
mines nearly a mile apart.
45.58
39.86
Silira
45 38
Alumina .
40 52
Lime
Magnesia
trace.
Alkalies
.94
Iron Oxide
.60
Loss in Ignition. . . .
13.34
100.78
trace.
.98
.80
13.40
100.62
24 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
The Kentucky Fire Brick Company manu-
factures a number of well-known brands of fire
brick for distinctly different uses and services.
The brands and service for which they are
recommended are as follows:
K.F.B. Co. Hearth and Bosh,
K.F.B. Co. Inwall,
K.F.B. Co. Top,
for blast furnace linings.
K.F.B. Co. Stove No. 1,
K.F.B. Co. Stove No. 2,
first and second quality brick for hot
blast stoves.
K.F.B. Co. Roof, first quality brick for malle-
able iron works and high grade mill
work.
Imperial Steel, first quality brick for malleable
iron works, open hearth, puddling fur-
naces, soaking pits, etc.
In order to insure prompt and satisfactory
shipments to customers this company carries
complete stocks of standard shapes necessary
for the service for which the above brick are
recommended.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
25
STANDARD SHAPES CARRIED
IN STOCK
Shapes
1
Brands
Shapes
1
Brands
9-inch Straight.
33
National
No. 1 Key....
34
National
33
Standard
34
Standard
33
Empire
34
Empire
33
Minor
34
L.H. Steel
33
L.H. Steel
34
Imperial Steel
33
Aluminite
59
F.R.C. Silica
33
Penn
75
F. R. C. Magnesia
33
Kentucky Roof
33
Imperial Steel
No. 2 Key
34
National
57
F.R.C. Silica
34
Standard
68
F.R.C. Chrome
34
Empire
74
F. R. C. Magnesia
34
L.H. Steel
8^x2^x4^
34
Imperial Steel
Straight
18
American
59
F.R.C. Silica
75
F.R.C. Magnesia
Soap
33
National
33
Standard
No.SKey....
34
National
33
Empire
34
Standard
33
33
L.H. Steel
Imperial Steel
34
34
Empire
L.H. Steel
57
F. R. C. Silica
34
Imperial Steel
74
F.R.C. Magnesia
59
F. R. C. Silica
No. 1 Split....
33
National
No.4Key....
34
National
33
Standard
34
Standard
33
Empire
34
Empire
33
L.H. Steel
34
L.H. Steel
33
Imperial Steel
34
Imperial Steel
58
F. ft. C. Silica
59
F.R.C. Silica
68
F. R. C. Chrome
75
F.R.C. Magnesia
No. 1 Wedge..
34
National
34
Standard
No.2Split....
33
National
34
Empire
33
Standard
34
L.H. Steel
.
33
33
Empire
L.H. Steel
34
58
Imperial Steel
F.R.C. Silica
33
58
Imperial Steel
F.R.C. Silica
68
73
F. R. C. Chrome
F. R. C. Magnesia
Large 9-inch . .
33
National
No. 2 Wedge. .
34
National
33
Standard
34
Standard
33
33
Empire
L.H. Steel
34
34
Empire
L.H. Steel
33
Imperial Steel
34
Imperial Steel
57
F.R.C. Silica
58
F.R.C. Silica
74
F. R. C. Magnesia
75
F. R. C. Magnesia
No.3 Bullhead
Small 9-inch
33
National
or Wedge. ..
36
National
33
Standard
36
Standard
33
Empire
36
Empire
33
L.H. Steel
36
L.H.Steel
33
Imperial Steel
36
Imperial Steel
57
F.R.C. Silica
58
F.R.C. Silica
26
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
STANDARD SHAPES CARRIED IN STOCK
— Continued
Shapes
1
Brands
Shapes
1
Brands
Large 9-inch
37
National
No. 2. Neck...
35
National
No. 1 Wedge.
37
Standard
35
Standard
37
L. H. Steel
35
Empire
37
Imperial Steel
35
L.H. Steel
59
F.R.C. Silica
35
Imperial Steel
Large 9-inch
No. 3 Neck...
36
National
No. 2 Wedge.
37
National
36
Standard
37
Standard
36
Empire
37
L.H. Steel
36
L.H. Steel
37
Imperial Steel
36
Imperial Steel
59
F. R. C. Silica
60
F.R.C. Silica
No. 1 Arch....
35
National
Feather Edge.
36
National
35
Standard
36
Standard
35
Empire
36
Empire
35
L.H. Steel
36
L.H. Steel
35
Imperial Steel
36
Imperial Steel
57
F.R.C. Silica
60
F.R.C. Silica
68
F. R. C. Chrome
74
F.R.C. Magnesia
No. 1 Jamb. . .
36
National
36
Standard
No. 2 Arch....
35
National
36
Empire
35
Standard
36
L.H. Steel
35
35
Empire
L.H. Steel
36
60
Imperial Steel
F. R. C. Silica
35
Imperial Steel
57
F. R. C. Silica
No. 2 Jamb.. .
36
National
74
F. R. C. Magnesia
36
Standard
36
L.H. Steel
No. 3 Arch...
58
F. R. C. Silica
36
Imperial Steel
End Skew....
35
National
No. 3 Jamb. . .
36
National
35
Standard
36
Standard
35
Empire
36
Imperial Steel
35
L.H. Steel
35
Imperial Steel
Key Wedge...
60
F. R. C. Silica
60
F.R.C. Silica
9x3x3
Side Skew....
35
35
35
National
Standard
Empire
Checker
36
36
36
National
Standard
L.H. Steel
35
35
60
L.H. Steel
Imperial Steel
F.R.C. Silica
Edge Arch
37
37
37
National
Standard
Empire
Skew Back...
35
35
National
Standard
No. 2
37
37
L.H. Steel
Imperial Steel
35
35
Empire
L.H. Steel
Side Skew . . .
60
F.R.C. Silica
35
Imperial Steel
12x6x2H
Straight
61
F.R.C. Silica
No. 1 Neck...
35
National
35
L.H. Steel
12x6x2Hx2M
35
Imperial Steel
No. 1 Wedge.
61
F.R.C.Silica
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
27
STANDARD SHAPES CARRIED IN STOCK
— Continued
Shapes
i
PH
Brands
Shapes
1
AH
Brands
12x6x2^x2^
.
13^x6x2^x2
No. 2 Wedge.
61
F.R.C.Silica
No. 1 Wedge
64
F.R.C.Silica
12x9x2^
13^x6x2^x1^
Soap
61
F.R.C.Silica
No. 2 Wedge.
64
F.R.C.Silica
1 2x9x2 Hx2^j
13^x9x2^
No. 1 Wedge
Straight
64
F.R.C.Silica
Soap
61
F.R.C.Silica
"OA" 12-inch
]2x9x2Kx2^
OrthRoof...
65
F.R.C.Silica
No. 2 Wedge
Soap
61
F.R.C. Silica
"OB " 12-inch
OrthRoof...
65
F.R.C. Silica
12x6x3x2^
No. 1 Arch...
62
F.R.C.Silica
"OC" 12-inch
OrthRoof. ..
65
F.R.C.Silica
12x6x2^x2
No. 2 Arch...
62
F.R.C.Silica
"08 "9-inch
OrthRoof...
65
F.R.C.Silica
12x9x3
Straight Soap
62
F.R.C.Silica
"09 "9-inch
12x9x3x2
OrthRoof...
65
F.R.C.Silica
Wedge Soap
62
F.R.C.Silica
"10" 9-inch
12x6x3
OrthRoof...
65
F.R.C.Silica
Straight
62
F.R.C.Silica
ORZF
12x6x3x2
Repair Shape
65
F.R.C.Silica
Wedge....,
62
F.R.C.Silica
Mill Tile ....
41
National
12x4^x3
18x6x3
41
Standard
Binder
63
F.R.C.Silica
20x6x3
41
Empire
24x6x3
41
L.H. Steel
12x3x3 Soap...
63
F.R.C.Silica
No. 1 Circle...
38
National
12x6x5x3 Key.
63
F.R.C.Silica
38
Standard
38
Lock Haven
12x6x2x3 Skew
63
F.R.C.Silica
38
Imperial Steel
13Hx4Mx2^
No. 2 Circle...
38
National
Binder
63
F.R.C.Silica
38
Standard
38
Lock Haven
13J^x6x2J/£
38
Imperial Steel
Straight
63
F.R.C.Silica
42
National
No. 3 Circle...
38
National
42
Standard '
38
Standard
42
L.H. Steel
38
Lock Haven
42
Imperial Steel
38
Imperial Steel
13^x6x2^x2
No. 1 Arch . .
64
F. R. C. Silica
No. 4 Circle ..
38
National
38
Standard
13J^x6x2^xl^
38
Lock Haven
No. 2 Arch . .
64
F.R.C.Silica
38
Imperial Steel
28
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
STANDARD SHAPES CARRIED IN STOCK
— Continued
Shapes
!
Brands
Shapes
1
Brands
No. 5 Circle...
38
National
Whiting
38
Standard I Blocks
40
Empire
38
Lock Haven
Nos.ltoll
38
Imperial Steel
No. 1 Cupola..
39
National
13K-inch
39
Standard 12-foot Key..
42
National
39
Empire
39
Minor
39
Imperial Steel
13^-inch
6-foot Key...
42
National
No. 2 Cupola..
39
National
39
Standard
39
Empire
Standard Bot-
39
Minor
tom Block . . .
42
National
39
Imperial Sieel
No. 3 Cupola..
39
National
Flat Back
39
Standard
Straight
46
National
39
Empire
46
Standard
39
Minor
39
Imperial Steel
Flat Back
Arch
46
National
No. 4 Cupola..
39
National
46
Standard
39
Standard
39
Empire
Mill Block
39
Minor
18x9x6
41
National
39
Imperial Steel
Standard
Minor
No. 5 Cupola. .
39
39
National
Standard
No. 1 Bridge
Wall
Empire
39
39
39
Empire
Minor
Imperial Steel
13^x6^x6.
41
National
Standard
Minor
No. 2 Bridge
Empire
No. 6 Cupola..
39
National Wall
39
Standard
13^x6^x3
41
National
39
Empire
Standard
39
Minor
Minor
39
Imperial Steel
Empire
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
29
LIST OF TILE CARRIED IN STOCK
Size
Brands
Size
Brands
12xl2x 2
National
12x15x3
National
12xl5x 2
Minor
Lock Haven
Imperial Steel
National
12x18x3
Minor
Lock Haven
National
Minor
12x18x2
Minor
Lock Haven
Imperial Steel
National
Minor
12x20x3
12x24x3
Lock Haven
National
Minor
Lock Haven
National
12x24x2
Imperial Steel
National
Minor
Lock Haven
Minor
Lock Haven
Imperial Steel
12x36x3
6x18x3
National
Minor
Lock Haven
National
12x12x22/3
National
Minor
Lock Haven
6 x 20 x 3
Minor
Lock Haven
National
12xl5x2H
National
Minor
Lock Haven
6 x 24 x 3
Minor
Lock Haven
National
12x18x2^
National
Minor
Lock Haven
9x18x3
Minor
Lock Haven
National
12x20x2^
National
Minor
Lock Haven
9 x 20 x 3
Minor
Lock Haven
National
12x22x2}/£
12x24x2^
National
Minor
Lock Haven
National
Minor
Lock Haven
Imperial Steel
9 x 24 x 3
National
12x30x2^
Lock Haven
Imperial Steel
National
9x12x4
Minor
Lock Haven
Imperial Steel
National
12x12x3. ..
Lock Haven
National
Minor
Lock Haven
Minor
9x18x4
National
Lock Haven
Imperial Steel
Minor
Lock Haven
30
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
LIST OF TILE CARRIED IN STOCK-Continued
Size
Brands
Size
Brands
9 x 20 x 4
National
15 x 36 x 4
National
12x12x4
Minor
Lock Haven
National
12x24x4
Lock Haven
National
12x30x4
Minor
Lock Haven
Imperial Steel
National
20x20x4
Lock Haven
National
Lock Haven
Lock Haven
9x27x4
National
12x36x4
National
Lock Haven
15x30x4
Lock Haven
National
Lock Haven
9x36x4
National
Lock Haven
SHOWING THE FUSION POINT OF SOME OF
OUR VARIOUS BRICK
HEINRICH REIS, PH. D.
PROFESSOR OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGY
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
ITHACA N. Y., MAY 22, 1913
Stowe-Fuller Co.
Cleveland, O.
Dear Sirs:
I beg to report the following fusion points for the five
brick samples submitted by you :
Degs. F.
Federal Silica Brick F. R. C. Brand Cone 35 plus 3326
National Brand Kentucky Bond Clay " 33 3254
Kentucky F. B. Co.— S. S. A. Brand " 31 3182
Penna. L. H. Steel Brand " 28 to 29 3074 to 31 10
Minor Empire Brand " 27 3036
I tested a sample of your Federal Silica Brick F. R. C.
brand, and found that the same had a fusing point of over
cone 35, the theoretical fusing point of this cone being
3326° F. This brick was tested by heating it up to this
cone in a Deville Furnace. The fusing point was con-
sidered to have been reached when the brick began to lose
its shape under the action of the heat. In the case of the
silica brick it had not lost its shape at cone 35.
Yours truly,
Signed Heinrich Reis
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
31
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32 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
STANDARD 9" SHAPES
The following cuts represent the principal
nine-inch shapes that are used, and dimensions
given are the long established standards adopted
by Fire Brick manufacturers.
We keep large quantities in stock, and can
make anything we do not have on short notice.
Please state what brand or for what purpose
the brick are wanted.
The standard nine-inch shapes require from
three to four weeks to manufacture, but very
large and difficult shapes require much longer to
dry and handle, and from six to eight weeks is
required to get them out in first-class shape.
However, we are in position to make any and
all shapes more promptly than other factories,
as we have improved mechanical means for
cooling kilns and drying brick.
A carload of brick can be made and shipped
as quickly as a few brick, as the same process
is required.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
33
9 Inch . . . .
9x4^x2^
Soap
No. 1 Split.
No. 2 Split.
9x4^x2
Large 9 Inch.
9x6^x2^
Small 9 Inch.
9x3^x2^
34
THE STOWE-FULLEB Co.
No. 1 Key .
9x4^x4x2^
12 feet diameter inside.
112 brick to circle.
No. 2 Key.
9x4^x3^x2^
6 feet diameter inside.
65 brick to circle.
No. 3 Key Brick..
9x4^x3x2^
3 feet diameter inside.
41 brick to circle.
No. 4 Key Brick.
9x4^x2 ^x2M
18 inches diameter inside.
26 brick to circle.
No. 1 Wedge .
9x4^x2^x2
5 feet diameter inside.
102 brick to circle.
No. 2 Wedge
2 feet 6 inches diameter inside.
63 brick to circle.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
35
No. 1 Arch
9x4^x2^x2
4 feet diameter inside.
72 brick to circle.
No. 2 Arch
9x4^x2^x1^
2 feet diameter inside.
42 brick to circle.
Side Skew
9x4^x1 %
End Skew .
9x7x4^x2^
Skew Back
9x4^x2^x1 Y*
No. 1 Neck
9x4^x2^
No. 2 Neck
9x4^x2^x2
36
THE STOWE-FULLEB Co.
No. 3 Neck.
9x4^x
Feather Edge.
No. 1 Jamb.
9x4^x2^
No. 2 Jamb.
9x4^x2^
No. 3 Jamb .
9x4^x2^
No. 3 Bullhead . . .
9x4^x3x2
3 feet diameter inside.
Checker .
9x3x3
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
37
Large 9 Inch No. 1 Wedge. . .
102 brick to the circle.
5 feet inside, 6 ft. 6 in. outside diameter
Large 9 Inch No. 2 Wedge. . .
63 brick to the circle.
2 ft. 6 in. inside, 4 ft. outside diameter.
Edge Arch .
9x4^x3x2 K
Small Diameters, for Tuyere Stock Linings,
and 2^ inch Pipe Linings.
Checker Tile
Checker Tile . .
Mill Tile. .
38
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
No. 1. 15 inch Circle..
Inside diameter.
9 brick to circle.
No. 2. 24 inch Circle.
Inside diameter.
11 brick to circle.
No. 3. 36 inch Circle..
Inside diameter.
14 brick to circle.
No. 4. 48 inch Circle.
Inside diameter.
20 brick to circle.
No. 5. 60 inch Circle..
Inside diameter.
24 brick to circle.
Also 72, 84 and 96 inch Circles.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
39
CUPOLA BLOCKS
No. 1 Cupola Brick. . . .
T^. _ (42 inches outside.
Diameter, |3Q incheg ingide
15 brick to the circle.
No. 2 Cupola Brick.. .
TV (48 inches outside
Diameter, |36 incheg ingide
17 brick to the circle.
No. 3 Cupola Brick. . . .
/60 inches outside.
|4g incheg ingide
r>i*m^Pr
Diameter,
21 brick to the circle.
No. 4 Cupola Brick. .
/7
\6
/72 inches outside.
\60 inches inside.
25 brick to the circle.
No. 5 Cupola Brick. No. 6 Cupola Block.
Diameter J84 inches outside.
ter' \72 inches inside.
29 brick to the circle.
/ 96 inches outside.
|g4 incheg ingid^
33 brick to circle.
40
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
WHITING
CUPOLA BLOCKS
Size
No. 1
" 2
Inside
— ^
Outside
Diam.
Diam.
23 inch
32 inch
27 "
36 "
32 "
41 "
37 "
46 "
42 "
51 "
45 "
54 "
48 "
57 "
Size
No. 7
11 8
10
11
Inside
Diam.
54 inch
60 "
66 "
72 "
78 "
84 "
BRASS POT LINERS
Outside
Diam.
63 inch
69 "
75 "
81 "
87 "
93 "
18 inches inside.
27 inches outside.
Other sizes made to order.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
41
MILL BLOCKS
18 inch Block
No. 1 Bridgewall.
No. 2 Bridgewall.
Mill Tile.
18x6x3
20x6x3
24x6x3
42
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
BLAST FURNACE SHAPES
inch Straight
No. 1. 12 foot Key. . .
91 brick to circle.
No. 2. 6 foot Key
53 brick to the circle.
Standard
Bottom Block. .
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
43
STANDARD BLOCK LININGS
To meet the demand for Block Lining, we get up a
Standard Block in 3 Diameters of Circle, which with
Straight Brick as per cuts below will line any diameter of
furnace and break Joints for any thickness of lining.
9x9x4| Straight.
9x9x4 J Key, 5 ft. Radius.
9x9x4J " 7} "
9x9x4J " 10 "
12x9x4J Straight.
1 2x9x4 J Key, 5 ft. Radius.
12x9x4J " 7J "
12x9x4^ " 10 "
15x9x4J Straight.
15x9x4 J Key, 5 ft. Radius.
15x9x4| " 7J "
15x9x4J " 10 "
18x9x4| Straight.
18x9x4iKey,5 ft. Radius.
18x9x4J " 7J " "
18x9x4J " 10 " "
Standard Bottom
Blocks 18x9x4^ •
We also make above Blocks in 24 in. lengths.
All Blocks 9x4^ on inside face tapered for diameter. In three
grades for Bosh and Hearth, Inwall and Top Lining, branded to
designate their position in the furnace.
44
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
CLEVELAND. OHIO.
45
-
1
46
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
POTTERY KILN BRICK
Our factories have been manufacturing brick
for the Pottery trade for the last 25 years, and
we aim to carry in stock Flat Backs and Flat
Back Arch, besides the regular shapes for this
trade.
Flat Back.
No. 1 Flat Back Arch .
32 inches inside diameter
56 brick to circle
No. 2 Flat Back Arch .
22 inches inside diameter
31 brick to circle
These brick are made up with special regard to
standing the wear and constant heating and cool-
ing of Kiln Arches. By the return to coal for
the burning of these kilns, it will be found that
the highest grade of brick will be required for
this work.
We aim to make and supply these brick in the
best quality known for this particular work.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
47
KILN FLOOR BRICK
NATIONAL
GAMP
Other shapes made to order
48
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
KILN FLOOR BRICK
GROWN
Made 12 in. long.
METROPOLITAN
Made 13 in. long.
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 49
BALL AND SAGGER CLAYS
We furnish from Kentucky both Sagger and
Ball clays. Our ground Sagger clays, used in
conjunction with fatty Ball clays and grog,
makes a tough Sagger that will stand great
wear, heating and cooling without cracking.
Our Kentucky Ball clays are the best in this
country. They are free from iron, and burn
very white.
We use care in mining these clays, and strip
each vein separately to insure a uniform shrink-
age. They make an ideal body clay for Tile,
Pottery or China manufacturers, or any similar
use.
FIRE CLAY
We furnish High Grade Fire Clay for all work.
The following kinds are most in demand :
No. 1 Plastic. — Being of a very plastic
nature is ground fine, this clay permits of a
very thin joint, and one of the best clays for
general work.
Blue and Yellow. — A mixture of blue and
yellow clays in equal proportion, used mostly
in Malleable Iron and Steel Foundries, where
extreme plasticity is desired.
11 A" Grade. — A high grade clay finely ground
and prepared for laying all High Grade Fire
Brick.
The mortar for good Brick work should be as
good as the Brick and there is no better Fire
Clay mined.
Minor Clay. — A clay which is almost entirely
free from iron and other impurities, and high
in silica contents.
Silica Cement. — To get the best results silica
brick should always be set up with silica cement.
We are able to furnish the best grade of this
material in any quantity.
50 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
CEMENT KILN BRICK
(Trade Mark Registered)
To meet the widespread demand for a brick
which would give good results in Rotary Cement
Kiln practice, we have developed our "Alum-
inite" brand. Ordinary fire brick cannot with-
stand the severe heat and friction to which
they are subjected in these kilns, and to meet
this action, we have prepared our clays in such
manner as to result in a brick which combines
both extreme hardness and high refractory
qualities. Probably no other brick on the mar-
ket today has given the excellent service in this
particular work our "Aluminite" brand has
given.
The following cuts show two designs for
Rotary Linings, the Marl or Wet process and
Stone or Dry process. The Wet process has a
back lining or shelf brick made of a non-
conducting mixture which prevents the loss of
heat by radiation. In the Dry process this
lining is not necessary, as the brick are made
to retain the clinker coating in the hot zone,
thereby serving to lengthen the life of the
lining.
When ordering these blocks, always give
diameter of shell and whether to be used for a
Wet or Dry Process Kiln.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
51
CEMENT KILN BRICK
•ALUMINITE" ROTARY BLOCKS
ON DRY FLOOR
52
THE STOWE-FTJLLER Co.
CEMENT KILN BRICK
v ^J M
^ ^ M
J*5 „>< pq ' c
U U OH
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
53
CEMENT KILN BRICK
t-
gui
- LJI
£ t
LJ ^
Lfl ^
1
5
•55
4-» 2 2
o
a
03
S
>*—<
T
Q Q CJ W PQ
54
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 55
FEDERAL REFRACTORIES CO.
BRANDS
F. R. G. Silica— F. R. G. Magnesia— F. R. G. Chrome
This plant is located at Alexandria, Pa., in
close proximity to large tracts of Canister
owned and controlled by us. We operate our
own quarries, the rock being delivered direct
to the plant on our own tracks. Recent improve-
ments in the way of added equipment has made
it one of the most modern and best arranged
plants of its kind in the country. The brick are
all hand-made, and the capacity is kept to the
point where strict attention can be paid to the
quality of the output. Each process in the
manufacture of these brick is under the per-
sonal supervision of men having years of experi-
ence in this particular line.
Our Magnesite and Chrome Brick are made
from the highest grade of Dead Burned Mag-
nesite and Chrome ores, which we import
direct. Silica Brick manufactured here have
given the best results in Open Hearth Steel
Furnaces, Copper Reverberatories, etc.
List of shapes of the brick usually carried in
stock are illustrated on the following pages,
and we" are prepared at all times to make
promptly any shapes not found thereon.
56
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
SILICA DEPARTMENT
The production of the highest grade of Silica
Brick is contingent on the careful selection of
the Canister Rock and the experience and care
in the manufacture of the brick through every
detail of the mixture and burning.
New methods for the handling and drying of
the green product have been introduced at our
plant, and the result is a brick possessing
features not found in other makes. Frequent
analyses of our brick aid us in maintaining a
very uniform mixture.
Our Plant at Alexandria, Pa., has over 60,000
square feet of floor space for the drying of
special shapes. We have furnished for some of
the largest By-Product Coke Plants and Gas
Retort Benches the most difficult Silica shapes
made in this country.
We give comparative analyses, taken from
eight cars shipped from our plant, which was
made by Chemists of one of the leading Steel
Companies of America.
ANALYSES OF BRICK
CAR.No.
Silica
Iron and
.Alum.
Lime
Mag.
Loss
E.L. 60511
96.15
1.10
2.00
.50
.25
P. B.&W.952
95.55
1.70
2.00
.36
.15
P. Co. 559290
95.85
1.40
2.04
.40
.15
P. R. R. 96677
95.25
1.20
2.10
.50
.15
P. R. R. 18857
95.36
1.40
1.80
.66
.24
P. R. R. 70785
96.15
1.50
1.50
.41
.15
P. Co. 579029
96.25
1.55
1.70
.72
.20
P. F. W. 515446
95.07
1.60
1.85
.68
.13
"CLEVELAND, OHIO. 57
F. R. C. SILICA SHAPES
F. R. C. Silica Straight.
9x4^x2^
F. R. C. Silica Large 9 inch.
F. R. C. Silica Small 9 inch .
9x3^x2^
F. R. C. Silica Soap.
F. R. C. Silica No. 1 Arch.
9x4^x2 Kx2K
72 brick to the circle.
4 feet inside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica No. 2 Arch .
9x4^x2 ^xlM
42 brick to the circle.
2 feet inside diameter.
58
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
F. R. C. SILICA SHAPES
F. R. C. Silica No. 3 Arch.
9x4^x2^x1
20 brick to the circle.
6*4 inch inside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica No. 1 Split .
F. R. C. Silica No. 2 Split .
9x4^x2
F. R. C. Silica No. 1 Wedge.. .
9x4^x2 ^xl K
102 brick to the circle.
5 feet inside, 6^ feet outside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica No. 2 Wedge .
63 brick to the circle.
feet inside, 4 feet outside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica No. 3 Wedge .
9x4^x3x2
56 brick to the circle.
3 feet inside, 4^£ feet outside diameter.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
59
F. R. C. SILICA SHAPES
F. R. C. Silica Large 9 inch
No. 1 Wedge
102 brick to the circle.
5 feet inside, 6H feet outside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica Large 9 inch
No. 2 Wedge
63 brick to the circle.
2^ feet inside, 4 feet outside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica No. 1 Key
9x4^x4x2^
112 brick to the circle.
12 feet inside, 13^ feet outside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica No. 2 Key....
9x4^x3^x2^
65 brick to the circle.
6 feet inside, 7>^ feet outside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica No. 3 Key
9x4^x3x2^
41 brick to the circle.
3 feet inside, 4^ feet outside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica No. 4 Key.
9x4^x2^x2^
26 brick to the circle.
1^ feet inside, 3 feet outside diameter.
60
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
F. R. C. SILICA SHAPES
F. R. C. Silica Key Wedge
9x4^x3x2^x1^
F. R. C. Silica No. 1 Jamb.
F. R. C. Silica No. 2 Side Skew.
9x4^x2^x1%
9x4^x2^x2^
9x4^x2^x2%
F. R. C. Silica End Skew.
9x7x4^x2^
F. R. C. Silica No. 3 Neck or
Point
F.R.C. Silica Feather Edge . .
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
61
F. R. C. SILICA SHAPES
F. R. C. Silica 12 inch
Straight
1 2x6x2
F. R. C. Silica 12 inch
No. 1 Wedge
1 2x6x3x2 K
10 feet inside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica 12 inch
No. 2 Wedge
12x6x3x2
4 feet inside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica 12 inch Soap.
12x9x224
F. R. C. Silica 12 inch
No. 1 Wedge Soap . .
12x9x2^x2^
F. R. C. Silica 12 inch
No. 2 Wedge Soap . .
12x9x2^x2^
62
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
F. R. G, SILICA SHAPES
F. R. C. Silica 12 inch
No. 1 Arch
1 2x6x3x2 K
75 brick to the circle.
5 feet inside, 6 feet outside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica 12 inch
No. 2 Arch
12x6x2^x2
75 brick to the circle.
4 feet inside, 5 feet outside diameter.
F. R. C. Silica 12x9x3 inch
Straight Soap
F. R. C. Silica 12x9x3x2 inch
Wedge Soap
F. R. C. Silica 12x6x3 inch
Straight
F. R. C. Silica 12x6x3x2 inch
Wedge
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
63
F. R. C. SILICA SHAPES
F. R. C. Silica 12x4^x3 inch
Binder. .
F. R. C. Silica 12x3x3 inch
Soap
F. R. C. Silica 12x6x5x3 inch
Key
F. R. C. Silica 12x6x2x3 inch
Skew .
F. R. C. Silica 13^x6x2^ inch
Straight
F. R. C. Silica
inch Binder Brick
64
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
F. R. C. SILICA SHAPES
F. R. C. Silica 13J^ inch
No. 1 Arch .
13^x6x2^x2
F. R. C. Silica 13^ inch
No. 2 Arch
F. R. C. Silica 13^ inch
No. 1 Wedge
13^x6x2^x2
F. R. C. Silica I3y2 inch
No. 2 Wedge
F. R. C. Silica
13^x9x2^ inch Straight.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
65
SILICA SHAPES
ORTH REINFORCED ROOF FOR OPEN HEARTH FURNACES
PATENTED
Shapes marked "OA" "OB" "OC"for 12 inch
Orth Rib Roof Construction.
Shapes marked "O8" "09" "O10" for 9 inch
Orth Rib Roof Construction.
Shapes marked " ORZ " F are repair shapes
for both 9 inch and 12 inch Roof when Ribs are
spaced 24 inch centers.
66 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
CHROME DEPARTMENT
In this department the same personal supervision is
used. Our Chrome Ore, which we supply either in lump
or ground form, is far superior to any other imported ore.
We carry all grades of Lump Chrome Ore and can furnish
an ore best adapted to your use. In the ground form we
have a mixture of our own which is peculiarly adapted
to Open Hearth Practice and Copper Smelting Furnaces.
In Copper Furnace Roofs we have obtained remark-
able results by the use of our Copper Furnace Cement
which can not be duplicated by other manufacturers.
ANALYSES.
IMPERIAL CHROME ORE: (Dry Ore Percent.)
Sesquioxide of Chromium 51. 84
Protoxide of Iron 11.21
Peroxide of Iron .68
Magnesia 16.88
Alumina 14.92
Silica 3.48
Oxide of Manganese ^ _ _ .60
Lime
Sulphuric Acid
Phosphoric Acid .02
Combined water, etc .55
100.18
Moisture in sample as received . 09%
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 67
FEDERAL JAPANESE CHROME ORE: (Dry Ore Percent.)
Sesquioxide of Chromium 42. 31
Silica 2.58
Oxide of Iron ^____ __ 15. 53
Alumina __. 21.71
Magnesia 17. 66
Moisture 0.21
100.00
FEDERAL TURKISH CHROME ORE:
Sesquioxide of Chromium 44. 55
Ferrous Oxide : 15.25
Silica 5.40
Lime .20
Magnesia 19. 10
Alumina 15. 20
Moisture • .30
100.00
We use a combination of these ores in the manufacture
of the Chrome Brick, which with our long experience
produces the well known brand F. R. G. Chrome Brick.
Our brick are noted for their hardness, which, with our
superior workmanship and high-grade ores, produce a
brick which cannot be surpassed either in this country or
abroad.
On the following pages are found shapes which we carry
in stock. Special shapes will be made to order.
68
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
CHROME DEPARTMENT
CHROME SHAPES IN STOCK
9 inch Straight .
9x4^x2 Yz
9 inch Wedge .
9x4^x2^x1 M
9 inch Arch .
9x4^x2^x13
9 inch Split .
9x4^x1
No. 1 Key . .
9x4^x4x2^
12 feet inside diameter.
112 brick to circle.
No. 2 Key.
6 feet inside diameter.
65 brick to circle.
CLEVELAND. OHIO. 69
MAGNESITE DEPARTMENT
We import the highest grade of Dead Burned Magne-
site from Europe, which is mined from the celebrated
Magnesite deposits at Hisnyoviz, Hungary. This material is
controlled and imported direct by ourselves and to insure
nothing but high grade material we have our representa-
tive there at all times. As it comes from only one opera-
tion, which is analyzed daily, we can at all times maintain
a very high standard. Our Magnesite is burned in the most
modern Gas-fired Calcining Kilns and prepared by the
best Magnetic Separator plant in Hungary. By the use
of gas in the kiln, we keep ashes and all other foreign
material from the Magnesite, thereby giving you noth-
ing but clean material. In the old style of coal-fired
kiln it is impossible to separate the ashes and foreign
material from the Magnesite and you are compelled to
buy a certain portion of ashes with your Magnesite.
By having only one operation we are assured of its
uniformity and by the use of gas in burning we get clean-
liness, thereby furnishing you with best Magnesite that
can be produced.
We have made a very thorough examination of our
deposit and know that we can maintain the same high
standard for years to come.
We give on the following pages cuts of our plant and
two average analyses of our material.
70
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
P4
<J
o
I
3
w
GO
w
6
<r;
s
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 71
BOOTH, GARRETT & BLAIR
CHEMISTS
PHILADELPHIA
Federal Refractories Co.,
307 Harrison Bldg.,
Philadelphia, Pa.
Gentlemen: —
In the sample of Federal Magnesite brick received
from you on the 9th inst., we find
Silica 1.46%
Alumina 1 . 50%
Oxide of Iron 7.58%
Lime 3.14%
Magnesia 86.36%
Yours respectfully,
(Signed) BOOTH, GARRETT & BLAIR.
ALTALANOS MAGNESIT RESZVENYTARSASAG
F. sz. 700 Lapszdm 640
Vegyelemzes.
A megvizsgcilt anyag neme: Szemcses magnesit.
Szdllittatott Amerika. Nak.
Probavetel ideje 1911, Augusztus, h6 30 dn.
Elemzesi eredmeny:
* eon? <?• r\ f Savban oldhatlan marad^k
1.58% S] 02 | Ruckstand
e O Al O ^ ^as" ^s ^umm^um'oxy^
23 23^ Eisenoxyd und Tonerde
2.62% Ca O Calcium-oxyd
86.73% Mg O Magnesium-oxyd
O.M% rn. HO , / Nedvesseg
Feuchtigkeit
Jegyzet. Napi productio, yjsli is nappali vidlogatds.
Hisny6viz, 1911, Szeptember, h6 1 en.
Ldtta: Az elemz6st v^gezte:
I. ZENSDCL. HAVLINA ELEP.
72
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 73
MAGNESITE BRICK
Our Magnesite Brick are made from the material
described in the foregoing pages. The brick are made
at Alexandria, Pa., where we use every possible care in the
manufacture of same. This with our long experience
produces the famous
F. R. C. Brand of Magnesite Brick.
Excellent results are obtained from the use of Magne-
site Brick in Open Hearth Steel Furnaces, Soaking Pits,
Metal Mixers, Billet and Bar Heating Furnaces, Copper
Reverberatories, Welding and Melting Furnaces, etc.,
and other places where they are subjected to continuous
heat.
A list of the shapes which we carry in stock will be
found on the following pages. Any special shapes will be
made to order.
We imported the first Magnesite Brick we knew of
in this country in 1890, since that time the use of these
Brick has so increased that they are now manufactured at
five different plants and the quality and workmanship of
Federal Magnesite Brick is far better than those made
abroad.
74
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
MAGNESITE DEPARTMENT
MAGNESITE SHAPES IN STOCK
9 inch size
Large 9 inch size.
9x6^x2^
Straight, Standard Size.
No. 1 Arch, Standard Size
8^x4^x2^x2
86 brick to the circle.
58 inch inside diameter.
No. 2 Arch, Standard Size
8^x4^x2^x1^
54 brick to the circle.
30 inch inside diameter.
No. 3 Arch, Standard Size.
No. 1 Wedge, Standard Size .
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
75
MAGNESITE DEPARTMENT
MAGNESITE SHAPES IN STOCK
No. 2 Wedge, Standard Size
8^x4^x2^x1^
57 brick to the circle.
2 feet, 3 inches inside diameter.
Soap, Standard Size
8^x2^x2^
Split, Standard Size
8%x4^xlM
No. 1 Key, Standard Size.
8^x4^x4x2^
107 brick to the circle.
10 feet, 8 inches inside diameter
No. 2 Key, Standard Size .
4^x8^x2^x3^
No. 3 Key, Standard Size .
No. 3 Neck, Standard Size
76
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
TABLE
Showing Number of Arch Bricks Required for
Various Circles.
Diameter
of Circle.
No. 2
Arch.
No. 1
Arch.
9- inch.
Total.
Ft. In.
2 0
42.
42.
2 6
10.
40.
50.
3 0
57.
57.
3 6
57. 7.
64.
4 0
57. 15. 72.
4 6
57. 22. 79.
5 0
57. 29. 86.
5 6
57. 37. 94.
6 0
57. 44. 101.
6 6
57. 52.
109.
7 0
57.
59.
116.
7 6
57.
67.
124.
8 0
57.
74.
131.
8 6
57.
82.
139.
9 0
57.
89.
146.
9 6
57.
97.
154.
10 0
57.
104.
161.
10 6
57.
112.
169
11 0
57.
119.
176.
11 6
57.
127.
184.
12 0
57.
134.
191.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
77
TABLE
Showing Number of 9 inch Key Bricks Required for
Various Circles.
Diam. of
Circle.
No. 4.
No. 3.
No. 2.
No. 1.
9 Inch.
Total.
Ft. In.
1 6
25
25
2 0
17.
13
30.
2 6
9
25
34
3 0
38
38.
3 6
32
10
42
4 0
25
21
46.
4 6
19
32.
51.
5 0
13
42
55
5 6
6
53.
59.
6 0
63
63
6 6
58.
9.
67.
7 0
7 6
52.
47
19.
29.
71.
76.
8 0
42.
38.
80.
8 6
37.
47.
84.
9 0
31.
57.
88.
9 6
26.
66.
92.
10 0
10 6
21.
16.
76.
85.
97.
101.
11 0
11
94.
105.
11 6
5
104.
109.
12 0
113.
113.
12 6
113.
4.
117.
13 0
113.
9.
122.
13 6
113.
13.
126.
14 0
113.
17.
130.
14 6
113.
21.
134.
15 0
113.
26.
139.
15 6
113
30.
143.
16 0
16 6
113.
113
34.
38.
147.
151.
17 0
113
42.
155.
17 6
113
46
159.
18 0
113.
51.
164.
18 6
113
55
168.
19 0
113
59.
172.
19 6
113.
63.
176.
20 0
113
67.
180.
20 6
113.
72.
185.
21 0
113
76
189.
21 6
113.
80.
193.
22 0
113
84
197.
22 6
113.
88.
201.
23 0
113
93.
206.
23 6
113.
97.
210.
24 0
113
101.
214.
24 6
113
105
218.
25 0
113
109.
222.
25 6
113
113
226.
78
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
TABLE
Showing Number of Wedge Bricks Required
for Various Circles.
Diameter
of Circle
Inside.
No. 2
Wedge.
No. 1
Wedge.
9 Inch,
or Square.
Total.
Ft. In.
2 6
60.
60.
3 0
48.
20.
68.
3 6
36.
40.
76.
4 0
24.
59.
83.
4 6
12.
79.
91.
5 0
98.
98.
5 6
98.
8.
106.
6 0
98.
15.
113.
6 6
98.
23.
121.
7 0
98.
30.
128.
7 6
98.
38.
136.
8 0
98.
46.
144.
8 6
98.
53.
151.
9 0
98.
61.
159.
9 6
98.
68.
166.
10 0
98.
76.
174.
10 6
98.
83.
181.
11 0
98.
91.
189.
11 6
98.
98.
196.
12 0
98.
106.
204.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
79
TABLE
Showing Number of "13^ in." Key Bricks Required
for Various Circles.
Diameter
of Circle.
No. 2
Key.
No. 1
Key.
Straights.
Total.
Ft. In.
6 0
53.
53.
6 6
52.
'5!
57.
7 0
48.
12.
60.
7 6
42.
21.
63.
8 0
36.
30.
66.
8 6
30.
40.
70.
9 0
24.
49.
73.
9 6
18.
58.
76.
10 0
12.
67.
79.
10 6
8.
74.
82.
11 0
6.
79.
85.
11 6
4.
84.
88.
12 0
91.
91.
12 6
91.
3.
94.
13 0
91.
6.
97.
13 6
91.
9.
100.
14 0
91.
13.
104.
14 6
91.
16.
107.
15 0
91.
19.
110.
15 6
91.
22.
113.
16 0
91.
25.
116.
16 6
91.
28.
119.
17 0
91.
31.
122.
17 6
91.
34.
125.
18 0
91.
37.
128.
18 6
91.
40.
131.
19 0
91.
43.
134.
19 6
91.
46.
137.
20 0
91.
49.
140.
20 6
91.
52.
143.
21 0
91.
56.
147.
21 6
91.
59.
150.
22 0
91.
62.
153.
22 6
91.
65.
156.
23 0
91.
68.
159.
23 6
91.
71.
162.
24 0
91.
74.
165.
24 6
91.
77.
168.
25 0
91.
81.
172.
25 6
91.
84.
175.
80
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
CIRCUMFERENCE OF CIRCLES
Diam.
Circum.
Diam
Circum.
Diam.
Circum.
l/8
.3926
12
37.69
32
100.5
1A
.7854
1A
39.27
33
103.6
YB
1.178
13
40.84
34
106.8
1A
1.570
1A
42.41
35
109.9
5/8
1.963
14
43.98
36
113.0
%
2.356
1A
45.55
37
116.2
y*
2.748
15
47.12
38
119.3
i
3.141
1A
48.69
39
122.5
y*
3.534
16
50.26
40
125.6
y±
3.972
1A
51.83
41
128.8
*/8
4.319
17
53.40
42
131.9
1A
4.712
1A
54.97
43
135.0
5/8
5.105
18
56.54
44
138.2
%
5.497
1A
58.11
45
141.3
7/8
5.890
19
59.69
46
144.5
2
6.283
1A
61.26
47
147.6
H
7.068
20
62.83
48
150.7
1A
7.854
1A
64.40
49
153.9
%
8.639
21
65.97
50
157.0
3
9.424
1A
67.54
51
160.2
1A
10.21
22
69.11
52
163.3
y>
10.99
1A
70.68
53
166.5
%
11.78
23
72.25
54
169.6
4
12.56
1A
73.82
55
172.7
1A
14.13
24
75.39
56
175.9
5
15.70
1A
76.96
57
179.0
1A
17.27
25
78.54
58
182.2
6
18.84
1A
80.11
59
185.3
1A
20.42
26
81.68
60
188.4
7
21.99
1A
83.25
61
191.6
H
23.56
27
84.82
62
194.7
8
25.13
y*
86.39
63
197.9
1A
26.70
28
87.96
64
201.0
9
28.27
1A
89.53
65
204.2
1A
29.84
29
91.10
66
207.3
10
31.41
H
92.68
67
210.4
1A
32.98
30
93.24
68
213.6
11
34.55
1A
95.82
69
216.7
1A
36.12
31
97.38
70
219.9
1A
98.96
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
81
WORKING TEMPERATURES
Blast furnace at tuyeres . ...
°Cent
2000
1600
°F.
3632
2912
Blast furnace tapping
Open hearth furnace during boil.
1500 2732
Medium hard steel at tapping . . .
1600
2912
Gas leaving producers
700
1292
Gas leaving regenerators
1200
2192
Air leaving regenerators
1100
2012
Waste gas at stack
300
572
Medium steel ready to roll
1050
1922
Glass pots working
1050
1922
Glass pots refining
1325
2417
Tanks for casting glass
1325
2417
Crucible steel furnace .
1300
2372
Cement rotary clinkering
1684
3000
Shale drain tile burning
871
1600
Composition earthenware
1015
1860
Fire clay stoneware burning
1610
2922
Fire clay sewer pipe, hottest
1048
1920
Shale sewer pipe, ....
1016
1862
Fire clay paving brick, '
1048
1920
Shale paving brick,
1000
1800
Under a boiler,
1257
2295
Ingot being rolled
1065
1950
Heating furnace . . .
1150
2120
82
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
TEMPERATURES
Table of Melting Points
To convert Fahrenheit degrees to Centigrade, subtract
32° and multiply by %.
To convert Centigrade degrees to Fahrenheit, multiply
by % and add 32°
Tallow 92°F.
Spermaceti 120°F.
White Wax 154° F,
Sulphur 239°F.
Tin 455° F.
Bismuth 518° F.
Lead 630° F.
Zinc 793° F.
Antimony 810° F.
Silver (pure) ...... 1830° F.
Copper ........... 2050° F.
Gold (coin) ....... 2156° F.
to 2200° F!
2350° F.
to 2550° F.
Steel
'•
Wrought Iron,
The appearance of a fire affords a good indication of
the temperature of a furnace.
(A little practice reduces the error of high temperatures
to within 100° F.)
Red, just visible . . . 977° F.— 525° C.
Red, dull 1290° F.— 700° C.
Red, dull cherry 1472° F.— 800° C.
Red, full 1657° F.— 900° C.
Red, clear 1832° F.— 1000° C.
Orange, deep 2012° F.— 1100° C.
Orange, clear 2192° F.— 1200° C.
White 2272° F.— 1300° C.
White, bright 2552° F.— 1400° C.
White, dazzling {gg J
Above table gives the colors of Iron caused by heat.
(Pouillet.)
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 83
MENSURATION
LENGTH
Circumference of circle = diameter X 3.1416.
Diameter of circle = circumference X 0.3183.
Side of square of equal periphery as circle = diameter
X 0.7854.
Diameter of circle of equal periphery as square = side
X 1.2732.
Side of an inscribed square = diameter of circle X
0.7071.
Length of arc = No. of degrees X diam. X 0.008727.
AREA
Triangle = base X ^ altitude.
Parallelogram = base X altitude.
Trapezoid = }/% sum of parallel sides X altitude.
Trapezium — found by dividing into two triangles.
Circle = diam. squared X 0.7854; or = circumference
squared X 0.07958.
Sector of circle = length of arc X half radius.
Side of square of equal area to circle = diameter X
0.8862, also = circumference X 0.2821.
Diameter of circle of equal area to square = side X
1.1284.
Parabola = base X % height.
Ellipse = long diam. X short diam. X 0.7854.
Regular polygon = sum of sides X % perpendicular
distance from center to sides.
Surface of cylinder = circumference X height -\- area
of both ends.
Surface of sphere = diam. squared X 3.1416; also =
circumference X diameter.
Surface of right pyramid or cone = periphery or cir-
cumference of base X K slant height.
84 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
MENSURATION— Continued
SOLID CONTENTS
Prism, right or oblique, = area of base X perpendic-
ular height.
Cylinder, right or oblique, = area of section at right
angles to sides X length of side.
Sphere = diam. cubed X 0.5236, also surface X l/6
diameter.
Pyramid or cone, right or oblique, regular or irregular,
= area of base X J4 perpendicular height.
PRISMOIDAL FORMULA
A prismoid is a solid bounded by six plane surfaces
only two of which are parallel.
To find the contents of a prismoid, add together the
area of two parallel surfaces and four times the area of
section taken midway between and parallel to them, and
multiply the sum by l/6 of the perpendicular distance
between the parallel surfaces.
MISCELLANEOUS
A perch of masonry = 24.75 cubic feet.
A gallon (liquid measure) = 231 cubic inches.
One pound = 27.7 cubic inches of distilled water at
its maximum density (39° Fahrenheit).
A Gunter's surveying chain = 66 feet, or 4 rods, 80
chains making a mile.
One barrel of Portland cement contains 33/2 cubic feet
and weighs 380 pounds.
One bushel contains 2150 cubic inches.
One gallon (dry measure) = 268.8 cubic inches.
One cubic foot of water weighs 62% pounds and
contains 73/2 gallons.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
85
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Avoirdupois
Gross Ton.
Cwts.
Pounds.
Ounces.
1.
0.05
20.
1.
.0089
2240.
112.
1.
0.0625
35840.
1792.
16.
1.
Long Measure
M-les.
Rods.
Yards.
Feet.
Inches.
1.
0.003125
0.000568
0.0001894
0.0000158
320.
1.
0.1818
0.0606
0.005051
1760.
5.5
1.
0.3333
0.02778
5280.
16.5
3.
1.
0.08333
63360.
198.
36.
12.
1.
Square or Land Measure
Square
Miles.
Acres.
Sq. Rods.
Sq. Yards.
Sq. Feet.
Sq. Ins
1
640.
102400.
3097600.
27878400.
1 .
160.
1 .
0,0331
4840.
30.25
0111
43560.
272.25
9.
1
6272640.
39204.
1296.
144
0.0069
1.
Cubic or Solid Measure
Cubic Yard.
Cubic Foot.
Cubic Inches.
1
27.
1.
46656
1728
Dry Measure
Struck Ru.
Pecks.
Quarts.
Pints.
Gallons.
1
4
1
32.
8.
1.
0.5
4.
64.
16.
2.
1.
8.
8.
2.
0.25
0.125
1.
86
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
SURVEYOR'S MEASURE
Sq. Mile.
Sq. Acre.
Sq. Chains.
Sq. Rods.
1
640
6400
102400
1
10
160
1
10
7.92 in. = 1 link. 25 links = 1 rod. 4 rods = 1 chain.
METRIC SYSTEM
Linear Measure
Measures of Surface
Denomination.
Abr.
Value.
Denomination.
Abr.
Value.
Myriameter. . . .
Kilometer
Hectometer
km. .
10000m
1000m
100m
10m
1m
.1m
.Olm
.001m
Sq. Kilometer. .
Hectare
Are
km2.,
ha. ..
a. ...
1000000m2
10000m2
100m2
1m2
1m2
.Olm2
.0001m2
.000001m2
Dekameter ....
fCentare
\Sq. Meter. . . .
vSq Decimeter. .
Sq. Centimeter.
Sq. Millimeter. .
m>' .' '.
dm2 .
cm2..
mm2.
Meter
m
Decimeter.
Centimeter. . . .
Millimeter
dm. .
cm . .
mm .
Measures of Volume
Measures of Mass
Denomination.
Abr.
Value.
Denomination.
Abr.
Value.
(Kiloliter
1000. 1.
1000. 1.
1000. 1.
100. 1.
10. 1.
1. 1.
1. 1.
.1 1.
.01 1.
.001 1.
.001 1.
.000001 1.
.001 ml.
(Mil Her
1000 kg
1000 kg
1000 kg
100 kg
10 kg
1000 g
1000 g
100 g
10 g
1 g
.1 g
01 g
.001 g
.001 mg
' Ste»-e
s ...
ITonneau
(Cubic meter. .
Hectoliter. . . .
m3 . .
hi. . .
Metric Ton . . .
t
Quintal
Mvriagram . . .
q
Dekaliter
/Cu. Decimeter
\Liter . ...
dal...
dm2..
1 . . . .
/Kilogram
\Kilo
kg...
Deciliter
Centiliter
/Cu. Centim. . .
IMilliliter
Cu. Millimeter.
Microliter
dl. . .
cl....
cm3.,
ml. . .
mm3.
2
Hectogram
Dekogram
Gram
g
Decigram
Centigram
Milligram
dg. ..
eg. . .
mg . .
Microgram ....
y
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 87
WEIGHT OF A CUBIC FOOT
OF SUBSTANCES
Pounds.
Aluminum, 162
Anthracite, Solid 93
Anthracite, Loose 54
Ash, White, Dry 38
Asphaltum 87
Brass, Cast 504
Brass, Rolled 524
Brick, Best Pressed 150
Brick, Common, Hard 125
Brick, Soft, Inferior 100
Brick Work, Pressed 140
Brick Work, Ordinary 112
Brick, Fire 120
Cement, Hydraulic : 50-56
Cement, Portland 100
Cherry, Dry 42
Chestnut, Dry 41
Clay, Potter's, Dry 1 19
Clay, in Lump, Loose 63
Coal, Bituminous, Solid 84
Coal, Bituminous, Broken 49
Coke, Loose 26.3
Copper, Cast 542
Copper, Rolled 548
Earth, Loam, Dry, Loose 76
Earth, Loam, Moderately Rammed 95
Earth, Soft Flowing Mud 108
Elm, Dry 35
Flint 162
Granite 170
Gravel 90-106
Plaster of Paris 142
Hemlock, Dry 25
Hickory, Dry 53
Ice 58.7
Iron, Cast 450
Iron, Wrought 485
Lead 711
Lime, Loose 53
Limestone 16S
Oak, Live, Dry 59
Oak, White, Dry 50
Pine, White, Dry 25
Pine, Yellow, Dry, Northern 35
Pine, Yellow, Dry, Southern 45
Sand, Loose 90-106
Sandstone 151
Shale 162
Snow, Fresh Fallen 5-12
Snow, Wet by Rain 15-50
Water 62^
Water, Sea 64
Zinc 437
Green Timber, £ to % more than dry
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
USEFUL INFORMATION
Linear Expansion of Substances by Heat
To find the increase in the length of a bar of any
material due to an increase of temperature, multiply
the number of degrees of increase of temperature by the
coefficient for 100 degrees and by the length of the bar,
and divide by 100.
NAME OF SUBSTANCE.
Coeffi-
cient
for 100°
Fahren-
heit.
Coeffi-
cient
for 180°
Fahren-
heit, or
100°
Centigrade
Baywood, (in the direction of the!
grain, dry) ;
Brass, (cast) . . .
.00026
to
.00031
.00104
.00046
to
.00057
.00188
Brass, (wire)
Brick, (fire)
.00107
.0003
.00193
.0005
Cement, (Roman)
.0008
.0014
Copper. . . . ...
.0009
.0017
Deal, (in the direction of the grain, \
drv)
.00024
.00044
Glass, (Knglish flint) . .
. 00045
.00081
Glass, (French white lead)
Gold
.00048
.0008
.00087
.0015
Granite, (average)
. 00047
.00085
Iron, (cast) ... . .
.0006
.0011
Iron, (soft forged)
Iron, (wire)
.0007
0008
.0012
.0014
Lead . .... ....
.0016
.0029
Marble, (Carrara) \
.00036
to
.00065
to
Mercury
.0006
0033
.0011
.0060
Platinum
.0005
.0009
Sandstone \
.0005
to
.0009
to
Silver
.0007
.0011
.0012
.002
Slate, (Wales)
0006
.001
Water, (varies considerably with the)
temperature) /
.0086
.0155
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
89
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS, THEIR SYMBOLS
AND ATOMIC WEIGHTS
Aluminum . .
Antimony . . .
*Argon
. Al.
. .Sb.
. . .A.
27.
120.
20.
Manganese . .
Mercury ....
Molybdenum.
.Mn.
• Hg.
.Mo.
55.
200.
95.9
Arsenic
As
75
Nickel ..*...
Ni
58.6
Barium
Ba.
Nitrogen . . . .
N
14.
Bismuth
Bi
208
Osmium
Os
191.
Boron
B
11
Oxygen
O
16.
Bromine
Br.
80.
Palladium . .
Pd
106.2
Cadmium
.Cd.
112.
Phosphorus .
P.
31.
Caesium ....
Calcium
..Cs.
Ca.
133.
40.
Platinum
Potassium . .
..Pt.
K
194.3
39.
Carbon
c
Rhodium
Rh
104.1
Cerium
Chlorine
Chromium
. .Ce.
..Cl.
Cr.
141.5
35.4
52 3
Rubidium . .
Ruthenium .
Scandium
.Rb.
.Ru.
Sr
85.
103.5
44.
Cobalt
. . Co.
58.7
Selenium
Se.
79.
Columbium
Cb
93 7
Silicon
Si.
28.
Copper
. .Cu.
63.2
Silver ......
108.
Didymium . .
Erbium
..Di.
.E.
145.
166.
Sodium
Strontium . . .
.Na.
Sr
23.
87.5
Flourine
Gallium
...F.
. .Ga.
19.
69.9
Sulphur ....
Tantalum . . .
...S.
Ta.
32.
182.
Germanium .
Glucinum . . .
. .Ge.
. .Gl.
72.3
9.
Tellurium . . .
Thallium
. .Te.
Tl.
125.
204.
Gold
Au.
196.7
Thorium . .
Th
232.
*Helium
He
2
Tin
Sn.
118.
Hydrogen . . .
Indium
.. H.
In.
1.
113.7
Titanium
Tungsten . . . .
. .Ti.
W
48.
184.
Iodine
I.
127
Uranium
u.
240.
Iridium
Ir.
192.5
Vanadium
V
51.1
Iron
Lanthanum .
Lead
. .Fe.
..La.
Pb.
56.
138.5
Ytterbium
Yttrium ....
Zinc . .
. .Yt.
. . .Y.
7n
173.2
89.
65.
Lithium
Li.
7
Zirconium
Zr.
90.4
Magnesium .
.Mg.
24.
*Thc atomic weights of Argon and Helium are not accurately
known.
90 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES
Aluminum 2.60—2.75
Asphaltum 1.10—1.20
Brass 8.40—8.70
Brick, Hard Red 1.53—2.30
Aluminite Brick . . 2.65
Ordinary Fire Brick 1.40—2.00
Cement, ground, loose 1.85
Charcoal 44
Clay, dry 1.80—2.60
Coal, bituminous 1.20—1.50
Coal, anthracite , 1.40—1.70
Coke, loose 55
Concrete 2.47
Copper 8.78—9.00
Earth 1.30—1.80
Glass, window 2.64
Granite 2.50—3.00
Iron 7.10—7.50
Iron, wrought 7.79
Lead 11.37
Lime 2.30—3.20
Lime, slaked 1.30—1.40
Limestone 2.46—2.84
Masonry, stone, dry 2.00 — 2.55
Masonry, brick, dry 1.50 — 1.60
Oak, dry 69—1.03
Pine 35— .60
Quartz 2.5 —2.80
Sand, fine, dry 1.40—1.65
Sand, wet 1.90—2.05
Sand, coarse 1.40 — 1.50
Sandstone 2.20—2.50
Steel 7.26—7.86
Slate 2.60—2.70
Tin 7.20—7.30
Water 1.
Zinc.. 6.90—7.20
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 91
USEFUL INFORMATION
A Standard Fire Brick (straight) weighs 7 Ibs.
A Standard Silica Brick weighs 6r2o Ibs.
A Standard Magnesia Brick weighs 9 Ibs.
A Standard Chrome Brick weighs 10 Ibs.
A Silica Brick expands about ^ inch per foot, when
heated to 2,500°.
Clay Brick expand or shrink, dependent upon the
proportion Silica to Alumina contained in the brick; but
most Fire Clay Brick contain Alumina sufficient to show
some shrinkage.
One cubic foot of wall requires 17, 9-inch bricks; one
cubic yard requires 460. Where Keys, Wedges and other
"shapes" are used, add 10 per cent, in estimating the
number required.
In ordering Blast Furnace Linings customers should
send us a sketch showing outline of space to be occupied
by brick work, or inside lines with thickness of walls
desired, if possible.
Those ordering for Cupolas and Stacks should be
careful to designate in order both inside and outside
diameters with height.
Silica Brick should be laid in Silica Cement and with
the smallest joint possible.
To secure the best results, Fire Brick should be laid in
the same clay from which they are manufactured.
One ton of ground clay should be sufficient to lay 3,000
ordinary bricks.
Ground Fire Brick or old Cupola Blocks mixed with
Fire Clay make the best Cupola Daub known.
Be careful of your Furnace Stays. Silica Brick expand.
Fire Clay Brick shrink.
Cool your Furnaces slowly.
Cold air after extreme heat is the hardest test on good
Fire Brick.
The minimum carload of brick or clay is 50,000 pounds.
Clay or brick for shipment by boat must be sacked or
barreled.
92
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
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CLEVELAND, OHIO. 93
SEGER CONES
What they are. Seger cones are little pyramidal-
shaped masses of mineral composition, which soften and
deform when subjected to the action of the appropriate
heat. They are made in series, each member of which
requires a different amount of heat-work to produce
deformation. The difference in softening point between
any two adjoining members of the series is kept as nearly
equal as is possible, so that when the whole series is
arranged in the order of fusibility they make a kind of
pyrometric scale.
BEFORE FIRING
They were first produced in 1886 by Dr. Herman A.
Seger, the foremost ceramic technologist of his time. They
are not a patented article, as Dr. Seger gave his idea freely
to the world, publishing his researches in full as he made
them.
Where they are used. They find their chief use in
the clay industry and allied industries, where the heat
treatment is periodic, i.e., where the kilns, starting at low
temperature, progress gradually to the maximum, and
then cool off for drawing the product. In industries like
those of glass melting, cement manufacture or metallur-
gical operations, where the furnaces remain continuously
at a high temperature, and where the materials are charged
in and taken out continuously, the cones are not recom-
mended for use.
What they are used for. They are used to reproduce
in a kiln or furnace the same vitrification treatment in
94 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
consecutive operations. Their softening or fusion is
not wholly a matter of temperature. The element
of time enters in also. A longer exposure at a little lower
temperature, or a shorter exposure at a little higher tem-
perature, will accomplish the same amount of heat-work
in the vitrification of clays or the fusion of silicates, pro-
vided the temperature is always above the critical point
which is necessary for the chemical reactions to take place
at all.
Both cones and clays are affected by heat in the same
way, and under the same chemical laws. Hence, when
cones and clays are heated in the same kiln, the melting
of the cones gives the best way yet discovered to judge of
the vitrification that has taken place in the clay.
AFTER FIRING
Temperature vs. Melting Point. For the fusion of
any body of whatever nature, it is necessary not only that
the critical point should be reached, but also that the
temperature should be held a sufficient time to allow
enough heat to be absorbed to convert the body from a
solid to a liquid. This heat is called latent heat of fusion.
For this reason cones, or any other device, depending
upon the visible fusion of a mass of material, are not and
cannot be an accurate mode of measuring temperature.
Nevertheless, where the heat is applied at the same rate
in consecutive burns, and the temperature is kept increas-
ing steadily, the cones will melt at very uniform intervals,
and may be used to measure temperatures with surprisingly
consistent results.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
95
For the convenience of users, a melting point expressed
in degrees has been assigned to each cone number. This
is fairly accurate for very rapid firing under closely con-
trolled conditions in the laboratory, but in commercial
clay burning the cones melt at lower temperatures than
the printed table, depending upon the extent of divergence
of the conditions. In extremely long firings, the difference
between the assigned and the actual melting temperature
may be 100° or even 150°C. This invalidates the cone
as an accurate pyrometer, without at all affecting its
reliability as a guide in clay burning.
The Different Series of Cones. The original cones,
devised by Dr. Seger, covered a relatively narrow range
of temperatures, . and consisted of 20 different mixtures.
There have been several series since devised by others,
carrying the melting points higher and lower, until 56
different numbers are now being used. These are divided
into four series.
The Hecht Series. For use only by china and glass
decorators. This series is compounded of a very fusible
lead-soda borate glass and kaolin, the glass alone making
the softest cone, and successive additions of kaolin being
used to raise the melting point of the higher members.
Symbol or
Approximate Melting Point.
Cone Number.
Degrees Centigrade.
Degrees Fahrenheit.
022
590
1094
021
620
1148
020
650
1202
019
680
1256
018
710
1310
017
740
1364
016
770
1418
015
800
1472
012K
875
1607
These cones are very sensitive to reducing gases, owing
to the lead used in their preparation.
96
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
The Cremer Series. Used for red-burning clays and
for soft glazes, common bricks, sewer pipe, drain tiles,
roofing tiles, flower pots, etc. Very few buff burning
clays mature low enough for this series. It is compounded
of a lime-soda borate glass, oxide of iron, feldspar, car-
bonate of lime, potters flint and kaolin, beginning with
a large amount of glass for the softest cone and decreas-
ing to almost none at the upper end.
Approximate Melting Point.
Symbol or
Cone Number.
Degrees Centigrade.
Degrees Fahrenheit.
010
950
1742
09
970
1778
08
990
1814
07
1010
1850
06
1030
1886
05
1050
1922
04 1070
1958
03
1090
1994
02
1110
2030
01 1130
2066
These cones are somewhat sensitive to reducing gases
or to very sulphury conditions, and to long firing. They
work best in burns of short or moderate lengths, where
clear fires can be maintained.
The Seger Series. Used for the harder red burning
wares of the vitrified variety, and for all buff burning and
white burning clay wares. This series is compounded of
potters flint, feldspar, carbonate of lime and kaolin. In
the lowest three, oxide of iron is used in addition. No
glass is used. The proportion of kaolin and flint increases
as the fusion temperature increases.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
97
Symbol or
Cone Number.
Approximate Melting Point.
Degrees Centigrade.
Degrees Fahrenheit.
1
1150
2102
2
1170
2138
3
1190
2174
4
1210
2210
5
1230
2246
6
1250
2282
7
1270
2318
8
1290
2354
9
1310
2390
10
1330
2426
11
1350
2462
12
1370
2498
13
1390
2534
14
1410
2570
15
1430
2606
16
1450
2642
17
1470
2678
18
1490
2714
19
1510
2750
20
1530
2786
Only the three lower members of this series' are affected
by reducing gases. All are less sensitive to sulphur fumes
and endure long continued firing periods with less derange-
ment than either of the preceding series.
High Temperature Series. Used for the testing of
refractory materials, only. No clay wares are burned to
such high melting points as this series. With the excep-
tion of the two lowest, only kaolin, potters flint and
oxide of alumina are used in compounding, and the
highest cone consists of pure oxide of alumina. No tem-
peratures can be assigned with even approximate accuracy
to this series, though 1850°C has been set as the melting
point of No. 36. The melting points are therefore
described by their effects on well known materials, instead
of in degrees.
98
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
Symbol or
Cone No.
RELATIVE ORDER OF FUSION.
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Lowest grade for
No. 2
refractory
goods.
Lowest grade for
No. 1
refractory
goods.
Good quality No
. 1 fire brick.
Excellent quality
No.
1 fire brick.
Melting point of
pure
kaolin.
Melting point of
Bauxite of good
quality.
Melting point of
pure
alumina.
Where Cones are Obtained. The German govern-
ment undertook the manufacture of Seger cones at the
Royal Porcelain Factory at Charlottenburg, near Berlin,
shortly after their discovery. They are distributed solely
through the Tonindustrie Zeitung. a clayworkers journal
of Berlin. They can be bought in the United States from
Eimer & Amend, 205 Third avenue, New York, and other
chemical supply houses.
Manufacture of cones in America began in Columbus,
Ohio, by Professor Edward Orton, Jr., in 1896. They
agree closely with the German article in all respects, and
as they sell in America at a lower price than the German
cones sell in Germany, they have secured the great bulk
of the American trade. They can be procured at a uniform
price of $1.00 per hundred, f.o.b., Columbus, Ohio, by
addressing Prof. Edward Orton, Jr., Columbus, Ohio. They
are not sold through agents or supply dealers.
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 99
TELEGRAPH CIPHER CODE
This Code is for the convenience and economy of our
customers.
PRICES
Abacist At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish National Brick.
Abner At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Standard Brick.
Abort At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish S. F. Co. W. Brick.
Accident. At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Minor Brick.
Accidental At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Empire Brand Minor Brick.
Accrue At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Brick.
Accrued At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Carter Brand Brick.
Accell At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Federal Jsilica Brick.
Accelled At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Federal Magnesia Brick.
Accellate At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Federal Chrome Brick.
Accellude At what price and how soon can you furnish
Federal Dead Burned Magnesite in grain
form.
Accelluded . At what price and how soon can you f ui nish
Federal Dead Burned Magnesite in dust.
Accent At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Fenn Brick.
Accented At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Aiuminite Brick.
Access At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Lock Haven Brick.
Account. At what price per M and how soon can you
furnish Rotary Lining Brick.
Accord At what price per ton and how soon can you
furnish Fire Clay.
Acite At what price and how soon can you furnish
Federal Chrome Ore in lump.
Acited At what price and how soon can you furnish
Federal Chrome Ore ground tine.
Balance Can supply, in car lots, f. o. b. your city,
National Brick per M at
Ballot Can supply, in car lots, f. o. b. your city.
Standard Brick per M at
Baste Can supply, in car lots, f. o. b. your city,
S. F. Co. W. Brick per M at
Battle Can supply, in car lots, f. o. b. your city, Minor
Brick per M at
100 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
PRICES— Continued
Banter Brick per M at
Banner Can supply, in car lots, f . o. b. your city
Brick per M at
Belfry Can supply, in car lots, f. o. b. your city, Lock
Haven Brick per M at
Bank Can supply, in car lots, f. o. b. your city,
Aluminite Brick per M, 9 in. count at
Banking Can supply, in car lots, f. o. b. your city, Fire
Clay per ton in bulk at
Banish Can supply, in car lots, f. o. b. your city, Penn
Brick per M at
SHIPMENT
Band Can ship at once from stock if advised imme-
diately.
Bane Can you furnish from stock. If not, how soon
can you make and ship.
Brown Can you duplicate last shipment and at what
price.
Burton We can duplicate last shipment at former price.
Boss We cannot duplicate last shipment at less than.
Cabbage What quantity can you ship, and how soon of.
Cabinet You must ship quickly.
Cachet Ship earliest possible moment.
Cart Ship by boat brick.
Cast Ship by boat barrels of clay in sacks.
Caddy Can you ship at once
Cactus Telegraph when you can ship and give route.
Case Trace by wire and give car number and route
immediately, must have delivery.
Cadence Trace shipment by wire and send bill lading.
Cadger Your order will be shipped
Bant Can supply in car lots, f. o. b. your city, Federal
Silica Brick per M at
Banter Can supply in car lotsf. o. b. your city, Federal
Magnesia Brick per M at
Bantered Can supply in car lots, f. o. b. your city, Federal
Chrome Brick per M at
Bantel Can supply in car lots, f . o. b. your city, Federal
Dead Burned Grain Magnesite Brick per
M at
Banty Can supply in car lots, f . o. b. your city, Federal
Chrome Ore in Lump at
Bast Can supply in car lots, f . o. b. your city, Federal
Chrome Ore Ground at
tfVEtAtfir, OHIO. ' ;' J/ 101
SHIPMENT— Continued
Cafard Do not make shipment until advised.
Casting Ship National for heating furnace.
Carriage Ship National for puddling furnace .
Casse Ship National for boiler setting.
Cascade Ship Standard for boiler setting.
Cashbox Ship Standard for annealing fur-
naces.
Cashier Ship Minor for annealing furnaces.
Casino Ship Lock Haven for malleable iron
furnace.
Caster Ship Aluminite Blocks for Rotary
same as before.
Castrel Ship Minor Blocks for cupola lining,
outside diameter is.
Castril Ship Federal Silica Brick for Open
Hearth Furnace.
Castrilled Ship Federal Silica Cement for
laying Silica Brick.
Castro Ship Federal Magnesite Brick.
Castrod Ship Federal Chrome Brick.
Castrum Ship Federal Chrome Ore Lump
Low Silica.
Castruet Ship Federal Chrome Ore Ground
Low Silica.
Castut Ship Federal Magnesite in Grain
form for Bottoms.
Castur Ship Federal Magnesite in Dust
for laying brick.
Casual Ship ^ each car brick and clay.
Catcall Ship Tons No. 1 Ground Fire Clay.
Canon . . ... Ship Tons Common Ground Fire
Clay.
Candle Ship barrels of fire clay.
Caulker Ship carload fire clay in bulk.
Crarat Ship carload fire clay in barrels.
Calk Ship balance carload square brick.
Cork Ship balance carload fire clay.
Cow Ship balance minimum carload square brick.
Cat Ship balance minimum carload fire clay.
Count Do not ship material until further notice on our
order number
Cable If rate is same, route shipment via
Capable Give us specifications longest time possible
before shipments are required.
102 THE Sf OWE-FULLER tCo.
SHIPMENT— Continued
Calyt What quantity of order have you ready
for shipment.
Calfskin Telegraph date of shipment with car number and
route.
Calico What date will you ship our order No
Carius 40,000 pounds is minimum capacity of carload
shipment.
ANSWERS
Child Brick in kiln now burning, will be cool enough
to handle in
Chilly Brick in kiln now loading, will ship
Chime Brick loading, wire route and shipping instruc-
tions.
Choir We have shipped you to-day and will trace car
number
Choke Cars will be shipped will trace.
Chink Wire car numbers on order number.
Cheval Wire car numbers and route order number.
Chess Cannot get cars, shipments delayed on account
of railroad.
Chamois Factory badly crippled for want of cars.
Chasm Cannot get cars for your route, can we ship via
Chat Railroad promises cars for shipment.
Chapel Can ship as soon as we can obtain cars.
Chaos. . . . Have in stock in our warehouse here only.
Chalet If able to get better rate will wire you.
Chapter If better rate is secured will give you benefit
of same.
Cherry Wire us if you can get better rate of freight.
ANALYSIS
Hack Quote price delivered and send analysis of
Aluminite brick.
Hato Quote price delivered and analysis of Chrome
Ore.
Hata Quote price delivered and analysis of Magnesite.
Hand What percentage of Alumina does analysis of
brick show.
Heart What percentage of Silica does analysis of
brick show.
Hate brick shows by analysis to contain
Alumina to a percentage of
Hat brick shows by analysis to contain.
Silica to a percentage of
High Analysis gives only a trace of
Help For your work what analysis do you require.
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
103
TELEGRAPH
Marble Telegraph at our expense.
Market Telegram received and will have prompt atten-
tion.
Mast Telegram not understood. Please make it clear.
Maze Telegram can be read by code but do not under-
stand it.
Mark Telegram received too late to
Milk Telegraph when you will be in
Main Telegraph whether quotation is accepted or not.
Man Please reply immediately by telegraph.
Mall Please answer our letter of
SHAPES OF BRICK
Faculty 9 in. Fire Brick. Fairy No. 2 Arch.
Facutel Large 9 in. Brick. Fallacy Side Skeu
Facial No. 1 Key.
Faction No. 2 Key.
Fagging No. 3 Key.
Faggot No. 4 Key.
Failless No. 1 Wedge.
Fainted No. 2 Wedge.
Fairhood No. 3 Wedge.
Fairness No. 1 Arch.
Fallow End Skew.
Falsetto Skew Back.
False No. 1 Neck.
Falsehood No. 2 Neck.
Fameless No. 3 Neck.
Fanatic No. 1 Jamb.
Fantacy No. 2 Jamb.
Fame No. 3 Jamb.
Farce outside diameter Circle Stack Liners.
Farming inch outside diameter Circle Brick.
Fardel inch outside diameter Cupola Block.
SIZES OF TILE
Fanlight
12 x 12 x 2
Feast
12 x 24 x 3
Farcical
Farenell
Farfadet
. . . .12 x 15 x 2
12 x 18 x 2
. . . 12 x 12 x 2^
Feaze
Febrite
Feeble
12 x 30 x 3
12 x 36 x 3
12 x 18 x 4
Fairibole .
12 x 14 x 2^
Federal
12 x 33 x 4
Farsh
. . . 12 x 15 x iy^
Feetless
15 x 30 x 4
Fashion
12 x 16 x 2j^
Feline
15 x 36 x 4
Fastner
. 12 x 18 x 2^
Fullness
20 x 20 x 4
Fastnet
12 x 20 x 2}/2
Fellow
. . 3x6x17
Fastening. . .
. . 12 x 22 x 2%
Feldspar
3 x 6 x 18
Fastness
12 x 24 x 2^
Felling. .
.... 3 x 6 x 19
Fatalist
. . 12 x 30 x iy^
Felt
3 x 6 x 20
Fawn
12 x 18 x 3
Female
3 x 6 x 24
Fealty
12 x 20 x 3
Reform . .
Regard.. .
Relax . .
RATES
. . .What is lowest rate of freight you can obtain
to
. . . Give through rate of freight, carload lots to ....
. . . Give through rate of freight, in less than carload
lots to
Scoff f. o. b. cars our works.
104
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
RATES— Continued
Scoop f. o. b. cars your city.
Silk We cannot obtain through rate to
Sigh Freight rate by rail in carloads to
Signal Freight rate by rail in less than carloads to ....
Signet Freight rate by rail and water.
Signat Freight rate, all water, f.o.b. dock your city.
Signow Freight rate including handling brick.
Calf Have raised your order to minimum carload.
Caw Can we raise your order to minimum carload.
Crafish It will require more brick to make mini-
mum carload.
Candor It will require tons clay to make mini-
mum carload.
MONEY
Dab One dollars.
Dad Two
Date Three
Dare Four
Daw Five
Day Six
Dale Seven
Daisy Eight
Daft Nine
Dart Ten
Dark Eleven
Done Twelve
Dog Thirteen
Dyre Fourteen
Disgust Fifteen
Duty Sixteen
Dare Seventeen
Dine Eighteen
Doctor Nineteen
Docile Twenty
Dodger Twenty-one
Dogma Twenty-two
Doleful Twenty-three
Docket Twenty-four
Divorce Twenty-five
Ditty Twenty-six
Diran Twenty-seven
Divide Twenty-eight
Distaff Twenty-nine
Dogrel Thirty
Distance Thirty-one
Disrobe Thirty-two
Diuretic Thirty-three
Dizzy Thirty-four
Dirt Thirty-five
Dive Thirty-six
Dire Thirty-seven
Distress Thirty-eight
Dissect Thirty-nine
Dispute Forty
Diverge Fifty
Dispel Twenty-five Cents.
Displease Fifty
Disdain Seventy-five
CLEVELAND, OHIO.
105
Dropsy.
Dross. .
Drover
DRAFTS
. I (we) have to-day drawn on you, and expect
you to protect draft for
.Will make draft on you for amount of your
account, if we do not hear from you before
the
. Why do you not protect our draft?
Depose
Deport
Depict . .
Density .
ORDERS
. Cancel order unless you can fill it at once.
.Cannot cancel order on account of brick being
made up.
. Do not fill our order until you receive full instruc-
tions by mail.
. Cannot fill order for brick at once.
Can we substitute something else of equal
quality.
NUMBERS
Earn 500
Eater 1000
Ebbing 2000
Ebony 3000
Ecaille 4000
Ecbatic 5000
Echelon 6000
Echo 7000
Eclair 8000
Eclat 9000
Ecoiler. ..... .10000
Ecurie 11000
Edacity 12000
Eddy 13000
Edge 14000
Edict 15000
Edifice 16000
Edify 17000
Editor 18000
Efface 19000
Effete 20000
Emply 21000
Employ 22000
Embark . . . . 23000
Eider 24000
Either 25000
Effort 26000
Efflux 27000
Early 28000
Effect 29000
Elegance 30000
Elder 31000
Elicit 32000
Elegy 33000
Eloud 34000
Effigy 35000
Enforce 36000
Engage 37000
Elbow 38000
Egotist 39000
Elixir 40000
Elvan 50000
Ember 60000
Emblem 70000
Embassy 80000
Emfat 90000
Emperor. . . . 100000
106
THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
DATES AND TIME
Ultimo
Instant
Proximo
1st
Vacant.
Wable.
Weary.
2nd
Vacation.
Wad.
Weasel.
3rd
Vade.
Wadded.
Web.
4th
Vail.
Wag.
Weed.
5th
Valid.
Wager.
Weigh.
6th
Valise.
Wagon.
Wend.
7th
Valley.
Wail.
Whack.
8th
Valor.
Wain.
Whale.
9th
Vamp.
Wave.
Whang.
10th
Van.
Wake.
Wharf.
llth
Vandal.
Walk.
Wheat.
12th
Vanish.
Wall.
Wheel.
13th
Vapor.
Walnut.
Whelp.
14th
Varlet.
Wampum.
Whiff.
15th
Varnish.
Wander.
Whig.
16th
Vary.
Wane.
Whim.
17th
Vase.
Wanton.
Whine.
18th
Vat.
Warble.
Whip.
19th
Vault.
Warfare.
Whisk.
20th
Vein.
Warm.
Whit.
21st
Velvet.
Wary.
Whoop.
22nd
Vender.
Wash.
Wicked.
23rd
Venom.
Waste.
Widow.
24th
Vent.
Watch.
Wife.
25th
Venture.
Water.
Wig.
26th
Verbal.
Wattle.
Wild.
27th
Verdant.
Wavering.
Win.
28th
Verdure.
Wax.
Winch.
29th
Verge.
Weak.
, Wind.
30th
, Verse.
Wealth.
Wine.
31st
Vesper.
Wean.
Window.
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 107
CONCLUSION
To give a complete list of cuts would make
this catalogue too bulky and cumbersome for
reference, and the aim has been to enumerate
only enough to represent the extent and variety
of goods we manufacture. We make everything
and anything in the line of fire brick.
The manufacture of clay products is a science
and an art, and it takes years of practical expe-
rience to learn the nature of the material, the
tests to which fire brick are subjected, and much
other necessary knowledge, together with the
most careful selection of clays and great skill in
mixing, moulding and burning.
We own and mine our raw materials and coal,
which, together with over 30 years experience,
gives us a decided advantage in the manufac-
ture of refractories.
We invite correspondence, and are pleased to
give any information in our power that will help
our customers in the proper selection of materi-
al adapted to their special work.
In conclusion we desire to thank our many
customers for past favors, and shall hope to con-
tinue our pleasant relations, and at the same
time to add new patrons to make our business
even more successful in future.
Yours truly,
The Stowe-Fuller Co.
108 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
MEMORANDA
CLEVELAND, OHIO. 109
MEMORANDA
110 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
MEMORANDA
CLEVELAND, OHIO. Ill
MEMORANDA
112 THE STOWE-FULLER Co.
MEMORANDA
RETURN TO the circulation desk of any
University of California Library
or to the
NORTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY
Bldg. 400, Richmond Field Station
University of California
Richmond, CA 94804-4698
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2-month loans may be renewed by calling
(415)642-6233
1-year loans may be recharged by bringing books
to NRLF
Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days
prior to due date
DUE AS STAMPED BELOW
OCT 1 3 198S
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