Catalogue of a collection of oriental porcelain and pottery

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flUx:. n 3 S , 9 in^ANSFERRED TO

' EINE ARTS LIBRARY

h

THE GIFT OF FRIENDS
M D C C C C V

^

\

V

v..

I

J

ORIENTAL PORCELAIN AND POTTERY.

A. W. ERANKS, Esq., F.B,.S., F.S.A.

A. 167. 1000.-- 3/78. Wt. 16883.

«'--•■

SCIENCE AND ART DEPAKTMENT
OF THE COMMITTEE OF COUNCIL ON EDUCATION,

^gv%.dbm.E>i o. - SOUTH KEH81MGT0N.»n '-^LUj/m_

-BETHNAL GREEff BRANCH. MUSEUM.

CATALOGUE

or A

COLLECTION OF ORIENTAL POBCELAIN
AND POTTERY

LBKT FOR EXHIBITION
Br

A. W. FRANKS, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A.
SECOND EDITION.

LONDON:

PROTTED BY GBOBGB E. ETBB AND WILLIAM SPOTTBWOODB,
psnmsB TO TKB qukbm'b Moer xxoellent nuairr.

FOft HEE MAJBSTY'B 8TATI0NBET OPPICB.

AND SOLD AT THE SOUTH KENSINGTON AND BETHNAL

GREEN MUSEUMS,

1878.

CUcPsa.??

Harvard College Libfary

Nartftn Collection,

Doc, 3, 1907.

I r

CONTENTS.

MlOI

• •

Vll

ix

»

99

Preface to Second Edition - - -

Preface to First Edition - - -

Introduction - - - . . -

Catalogue :

Class I. — Chinese Porcelain not painted

Section A. — ^1*lain white - - -

„ B. — Single coloured glazes
„ C. — Glazes of several colours -

Class II. — Chinese crackle porcelain -

Class III. — Chinese porcelain with white slip

decoration - - -

Class IV. — Chinese paintep porcelain

Section A.-t-Painted in blue

B. — ^Painted in blub with other
colours under the glaze -

C. — ^Painted in colours over the
glaze- - i -

Class V. — Chinese porcelain with pierced

ORNAMENTS FILLED WITH GLAZE -

Class VI. — Chinese pottery ^ - -

Class VI. A. — Corean pottery - - -

Class VI. B. — ^Loochoo pottery
Class VII. — Japanese porcelain

Section A. — ^Plain white - - -

B. — Coloured glazes

C. — Painted in blue
„ D. — Painted in colours -
Class VIII. — Japanese pottery
Class IX. — Siamese porcelain -
Class X. — Oriental porcelain with foreign

DESIGNS - - - -

Section A. — ^Plain white - - -

„ B. — ^Painted in blue

„ C. — ^Painted in colours -

Class XI. — Oriental porcelain decorated in

Europe - - - - 101, 198

Class XII. — Oriental porcelain in combination

WITH other substances - - 104, 200

»

99

XI

1, 112
1, 112
5, 114

11, 117

12, 118

15, 119

16, 119
16, 119

37, 126

39, 128

62y 139

63, 139
141
144

64, 145
67, 145

67, 146

68, 147

69, 152
82, 163
84, 191

86, 192

89, 192

90, 192

91, 193

VI

PAOX

Addenda .•--•- 202

Mabks on Obdsntal porcelain ... 207

Additional kabks - - . . - 222

Dresden collection - - . . - 2^

Symbolical ornaments .... 237

The eight immortals .... 241

Emblems of longevitt - . " - . 243

LIST OF PIRATES.

I.-in. Chinese Date Marks.
iy.-IX. Chinese Marks.
X.» XI. Japanese Marks.
XJI., Xm. Additional Chinese Marks.
XIV.-XVL Additional Japanese Marks.
A — C. Symbolical Ornaments.
D — G. The Eight Immortals.

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.

Since the publication of the first edition of this catalogue,
I have endeavoured to render the collection more complete ;
especially in the Japanese sections, which were far from
illustrating in a satisfactory manner that important branch
of ceramic art. The result has been that a considerable
number of additional examples have been acquired, which
it has been thought desirable to add to the collection ex-
hibited, forming in all a series of about 1,700 specimens. In
order, however, not to disarrange the existing numbers, and
to leave the first edition useful as far as it goes, the
additional descriptions are printed as a supplement, under
the classes previously adopted, and the plates have been
numbered on at the end of the old series, excepting that the
plates of symbols and ornaments have been formed into a
separate series from the marks, so as to keep each class
together.

I have taken advantage of the republication to make
various corrections in the previous catalogue, and especially
in the descriptions of the marks. In this section I am
indebted to Dr. Bushell of Her Britannic Majesty's legation
at Pekin for several corrections and explauations.

It will be seen that the principal additions have been
made in Japanese porcelain and pottery. Much light has
been thrown on these subjects by the numerous importa-
tions of old and curious specimens, accompanied by expla-
nations, more or less correct, of their origin. The Report,
however, which accompanied the Japanese collection exhi-
bited at Philadelphia, and acquired by the South Kensington
Museum, has furnished the most trustworthy and valuable
information as yet obtained, and I am indebted to the
kindness of the Director of that museum for the use of this
document, which has enabled me to verify or correct the
data obtained from other sources, and add con^derably to
the usefulness of this catalogue.

With regard to the marks on Japanese porcelain, I have
received the kind assistance of several Japanese gentlemen,
especially Mr. B. Nanjio, Mr. R, Kasawara, and their English
friend, Mr. David Hare, as well as Mr. T. Baba. It is

A 4

YlU PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION.

evident^ however^ that a knowledge of the language is not
in itself sufficient to explain such short and sometimes
enigmatical inscriptions, and it is probable that only with
the aid of local connoisseurs can these marks be fully
understood.

Such information we are likely to obtain from the work
now in the course of publication by Mr. Ninagawa Noritan^.
of Tokio, entitled Kv/an-ko-dzv^aetau, of which three part^
have appeared, with numerous coloiured illustrations, and
translations into French of the text of the two first parts.

It must, however, be remembered that the Japanese like
the Chinese seem to have been fond of producing from time
to time imitations of their older wares, and also copies of
Chinese porcelain ; so that it is difficult to be sure of the
exact age of many of the specimen&

November 1877 Augustus W, Franks.

PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION.

The collection now exhibited to the public has been
gradually brought together, in a somewhat desultory man-
ner, during a period of several years.

Many collections contain larger and finer specimens,
such for instance as the brilliant series formed by
Mr. Alfred Morrison or Mr. Louis Huth ; but it is pro-
bable that none of them illustrate so fully the different
varieties of porcelain which have been produced in
the manufactories of China and Japan. For it will be
seen that this collection has not been limited to choice
or ancient specimens, but that even common and modem
examples have been included when they illustrate the
subject. It is probably, moreover, the first time that any
attempt has been made to exhibit Oriental porcelain
divided into classes, and to distinguish the respective pro-
ductions of China and Japan. This it has been by no
means easy to do, and it will be for others to judge how
far the attempt has succeeded. Further experience may
lead hereafter to a more perfect classification.

As the marks given in the plates have in nearly every
case been copied from specimens in the collection, they will
probably be found more accurate than those which have
hitherto appeared, derived as the latter have been from
different and sometimes untmstworthy sources.

It may be well to give a brief account of what has been
already published on the subject in order to obviate the
necessity of frequent reference. The earliest description we
have of the processes connected with tlie manufacture of
Oriental porcelain is to be found in the valuable letters
from a Jesuit Missionary, Pere d'Entrecolles, written in
1712 and 1722, and published in "Lettres ^difiantes et
curieuses." The most scientific work that has appeared
on the nature of porcelain and its chemistry is the " Traits
des Arts C^ramiques,'' by A. Brongniart, 1844. The only
work which affords any native evidence on the history
of Chinese porcelain, and the various places at which it
has been manufactured^ is the " Histoire de la fabrication de
la Porcelaine chinoise," translated from the Chinese by
M. Stanislas Julien (Paris, 1856), which will be referred to
hereafter as ** The History of King-te-chin." In Marryat's

X PREFACE.

" History of Pottery and Porcelain '* is an extended account
of the Oriental &brics, with some nsefol chronological notes
on the introduction of porcelain into Western Asia and
Europe^ as well as an abstract of the History of King-te-
chin. The marks on Oriental porcelain are given in the
various editions of Chaffers, ** Marks and Monograms on
Pottery and Porcelain " ; they are also to be found in
works published by Dr. Graesse, Mrs. Bury Palliser, and
others, as well as in Hooper and Phillips^ Manual of Marks/

The most elaborate treatises^ however, which have hitherto
appeared on these subjects are " Histoire de la Porcelaine/'
by A. Jacquemart and E. Le Blant,Paris, 1862, and "Histoire
de la C^ramique," by A. Jacquemart, Paris, 1878. These
works contain minute descriptions of the various kinds of
Oriental porcelain, written by one who could fully ap-
preciate their merits, and who has bestowed great pains
upon their investigation. With many of the conclusions of
this talented writer (whose recent death we all have to
deplore), I regret to say that I am unable t6 agree ; but
both works possess great value, and are illustrated by
exquisite engravings, due to the artistic skill of M. Jules
Jacquemart.

"riie pottery and porcelain of Japan forms the subject of
d, richly illustrated work now in course oi publication,
entitled " Keramic Art of Japisin," by G. A. Audsley and
J:lL Bowes.

Notwithstanding, however, the numerous works that
have been published, it is probable thait we have ai^ yet
but an imperfect notion of the age, history, and meaning of
much that appears in collections of Oriental porcelain, and
until some European residing in China, well versed in
the subject, and well acquainted with the Chinese language,
has obtained access to the stores of native collectors, we
shall be to a certain extent working in the dark.

The introductory notices in this catalogue might hav6
been extended to much greater length, but this would
have been scarcely within the scope of a hand catalogue,
and would tend to diminish its usefiilness to the public.

I cannot conclude without expressing my obligations
to Professor Douglas and Dr. Birch for much assistance
respecting the Chinese inscriptions^ and to Mr. E. Satow
for his help with regard to Japanese inscriptions.

May, 1876. Augustus W. Franks.

')'

INTRODUCTION.

THB^ftrt of making pottery seems to have been practised
by man3dnd from, very early times. It is even a question
whether it was not known to the primitive inhabitants of
Europe, in those early ages when the mammoth and reindeer
still lived in the plains of France.

The lake dwellings of Switzerland and the ancient
sepulchres of northern Europe, many of them belonging to
the Stone Age, have produced numerous specimens of pottery,
rude indeed, but still showing that man was capable of
forming vessels of clay which sufficed for his daily wants.
Many of these vases are simply fashioned by the hand ; but
the potter's wheel was known to the Egyptians at a very
early period, probably not less than 2,500 years before our
era. The beauty of shape and design which are exhibited in
Greek pottery need merely be alluded to, as probably few
of the specimens go back before 800 B.C.

More, however, is known of the early wares of Europe,
Egypt) BJid Asia Minor than of the extreme east of Asia.
The ; tombs carefully explored during many years have
yielded up their ceramic treasures, and the age of the
various specimens can generally be fixed with some approach
to exactness. -

With regard to China and Japan our information is much
more scanty. All that we know respecting the fabrics of
the former country is derived from the valuable history
of the manufactory of King-te-chin, prepared by a local
magistrate, in 1815, from older native documents, and which
has been most ably translated and ^commented upon by
M. Stanislas Julien.

This work is divided into seven books : —

I. — Kesearches on ancient kinds of porcelain.

II. — Ancient porcelain of King-te-chin.

III. — ^Account of ancient porcelain imitated at Eing^te^
chin.

IV. — Porcelain made at Eing-te-chin.

V.-r-Processes of porcelain making.

VI* — List of everything concerning the manufacture of
porcelain.

VII.-^General remarks of a technical character.

XU INTRODUCTION.

From this work the followiog short summary has been
prepared ; but it will be seen that from want of specimens
to refer to, and from the inherent obscurity of technical terms
when translated into another language, little information is
to be derived from it.

The invention of pottery in China is referred by native
writers to the legendary Emperor Hwang-ti, who is stated to
have commenced his reign of a hundred years in 2697 B.C.
A subsequent Emperor Yu-ti-shun (2255 B.C.) is stated to
have himself made pottery before he ascended the throne.

This must have been simple pottery, possibly glazed;
but we have no precise information as to the kind manu-
factured. Some of the specimens may have resembled what
is known as Egyptian porcelain, which is an opaque siliceous
composition, covered with brilliant glazes of various colours,
and sometimes painted. This Egyptian porcelain is stated
to have been invented as early as the sixth Egyptian
dynasty.

The manufacture of porcelain proper, in China, is con-
sidered to have commenced under the Han dynasty, between
206 B.C. and 87 A.D.

The progress of the manufacture seems to have been slow.
Under the Wei dynasty (A.D. 220-265) two manufactories
are recorded as supplying porcelain for imperial use. Under
the Tsin dynasty (A.D. 265-419) the vessels are stated to
have been blue in colour, and were highly esteemed. M.
Julien mentions that under the Sui dynasty (A-D. 581-618)
a green porcelain was made, to take the place of a vitrified
material of which the composition had been lost.

Under the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-907) we hear more
of the manufacture, and six different porcelains are men-
tioned. One of these is stated to have resembled jade or
ice, another is noticed as blue, and two others as white.
Two celebrated makers, Tao-yu and Ho, are mentioned
as being famous for their works.

During the reign of the Emperor Chin-tsung, of one of
the lesser dynasties (A.D. 954), a celebrated porcelain was
made in the province of Ho-nan ; it is described as being
blue as the sky, shining as a looking glass, thin as paper,
and giving a sound like a musical stone, the only defect
being that the feet of the pieces were of a coarse and yellow
paste. The colour of these vases is said to have originated
in an order of the Emperor Chin-tsung, that, for the future,
the porcelain for the palace should be '* blue as the sky
after rain when seen between the clouds.'' This porcelain

INTBODUCTION. xiii

appears to be so much esteemed in China, that even frag-
ments are treasured up and set as personal ornaments.

During the Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1279) the manu-
facture received still greater development, or more details
concerning its productions have been preserved. We hear
of two famous porcelain makers, the brothers Chang ; the
elder brother made thin vases of a rice colour, as well as
pale blue, and crackled ; the younger, thin vases of a dark
or light blue, but not cradded. The porcelains made at
Kiun-t'ai during the same time are said to have had a coarse
sandy paste, and to have been of the following colours :
yellow with brown crackled veins, bright red, pale blue,
and dark brown. There were also other tints, which it is
not easy to describe or identify. On some of these porce-
lains, a gladiolus flower was painted under the foot as
a mark. In the period King-te (AD. 1004-1007) the
Emperor ordered a mark of date to be inscribed under the
pieces for the palace. Between 1107 and 1 117 a porcelain
manufactory was established by the Emperor at Pien-liang,
where were made the famous vases called Kwan-yao, or
vases for magistrates. They were thin, of a pinkish blue,
sometimes dark, sometimes pale ; some had veins of crackle,
brown mouths, and feet of an iron colour. These magistrates'
vases seem to have been imitated in various manufactories
and at all periods, but the writers describe the imitations
as very inferior to the originals. Between 1107 and 1110
the colours most esteemed were moon white, pale blue, and
dark green, but afterwards dark or light blue only. A man
of the name of Chou and his daughter were noted for their
productions ; the vases of the latter are stated to have been
ornamented with flowers, but how executed does not
appear.

Under the Yuen dynasty of Mongols (1260-1 367) we hear
of porcelain with flowers, moulded, modelled, or painted.
The name of one famous maker, Pung, has been preserved ;
he excelled, however, in copying older vases ; his produc-
tions were very thin and brittle. Under this dynasty painted
decorations seem first to have come into general use.

It was under the great native dynasty of the Mings
(1368-1644) that the manufactory of porcelain received
its greatest development, and much care was bestowed
upon painting the specimens. The four periods of which
the productions were most esteemed were Seuen-tih (1426-
1436), Ching-hwa (1465-1488), Yung-lo (1403-1425), and
Kea*tsing (1622-1567), which were classed in merit in the
order in which they are here given ; but the painting of

XIV INTRODUCTION.

the Seuen-tih period is said to have been inferior to that of
the diing-hwa period.

In the Hung-woo period (1368-1399) blue, black, and
white were much esteemed, as well as dark blue with gilt
ornaments. The vases of the period Yung-lo (1408^1425)
seem to have been some thick, and some thin. Those most
valued were cups within which were painted lions rolling a
ball ; the second sort had within a pair of birds ; and the
third, flowers; others' had dark blue flow'ers ; others were
of a bright red colour. In the Seuen-tih period (1426-
1436) vases with blue flowers were much esteemed, espe-
cially where the blue was pale; a brilliant red was also
valued ; a red flsh was sometimes moulded on the bandies ;
small cups were much prized, inside which were painted
flowers, and a dragon and phoenix^ and the mark of the
period engraved. We hear also of crackled vases^ and
cups with crickets. In the period Ching-hwa (1465r-
1488) the blue colour, owing to the failure of the supply,
became of inferior quality, but the coloured painting
was brought to high perfection. An officer of the Em-
peror Kea-tsing had two cups of this period which were
valued at 300?. Iii the period Ching-tih (1606-1522) the
finest specimens were of a peculiar red ; a very superior
blue pigment was introduced, probably cobalt In the
period Kea-tsing (1522-1567) vases painted with flowers
were much esteemed on account of their fine deep colour ;
a few specimens seem to have been decorated with enamel
colours ; pure white cups, imitating white jade, were made,
but one of the supplies of porcelain earth failed. During
the periods Lung-king (1567-1573) and Wan-leih (1573-
1620) the fine blue failed again, and also the porcelain
earth ; good red vases were, however, made, the inferior
colour of the paste being probably covered by the glaze.
At this time lived a famous potter of the name of Chow,
who excelled in imitating ancient vases.

The troubles of the later Emperors of the Ming dynasty,
who succeeded one another rapidly, and were constantly
at war with the Tatars, probably caused the porcelain
works to fall into decay ; we hear at any rate nothing of
their productions, and few dated specimens have been seen.

With the accession of the Tsing dynasty of Tatars, still
occupying the throne of China, a new period of activity
commenced. Under Kang-he, the second Emperor of the
dynasty (1661-1722), a great impulse was given to the
ceramic arts. The long and peaceful reign of this Emperor,
extending to 61 years, his great understanding, and the

INTROI>tJCTION. XV

tosistancd perhaps of the Jesuit missionaries, led to many
improvements in the porcelain manufacture^ and to the
introduction of several new colours. It is probably to this
reign that we may refer most of the old specimens of Chinese
porcelain that are to be seen in collections, even when they
bear earlier dates. The wares m4de under his successor
Yung-ching (1723-1736), do not appear to have been re-
markable.

The fourth Emperor Keen-lung (1736-1796) reigned for
60 years, when he abdicated. A large quantity of fine china
was made during his long reign, much of it exhibiting very
rich and minute decoration. Under his successors the
manufacture appears again to have diminished in excellence,
and the destruction_caused by the rebellion of the Tai-pings
not only greatly interfered with the extent of production,
but caused the downfall of the most celebrated of the fabrics,
that of King-te-chin.

As, however, we have already said, the native accounts
do riot furnish much information that can be rendered
ji,vailable ; but they show very clearly that at aU times the
porcelain makers were in the habit of copying the works of
their predecessors, and instances are given where they have
even succeeded in imposing upon the best judges of their
own country.

The places at which manufactories of porcelain have
existed or still exist in China are very numerous. No less
than 57 being recorded in the history of King-te-chin.
They extend to 13 of the 18 provinces into which the
country is divided, but are especially numerous in Ho-nari,
Che-keang, and Keang-se, probably owing to the presence
of the materials foi^ the manufacture in these provinces.
The following is a summary : —

Chih-le - ,

- 5

Che-keaug

- 8

Keang-nan

- 5

, Keang-se

- 8

Shan-se -

- 6

Sze-chuen

' 1

Slian-tung

- 2

Fuh-keen

- 2

Ho-Tian -

- 13

Kwang-tung

- 1

Shen-se -

- 4

Hoo-nan -

- 2

Ean-suh -

- 1

Of all these manufactories, the most famous appears
to be that of King-te-chin, in the province of Keang-se.
It had long been the site of a fabric, as in AD. 583 the
then Emperor ordered the inhabitants of the district now
called King-te-chin to send him porcelain vases. The old
name was Chang-nan-chin and the present one was
assumed in the period King-te (A.D. 1004-1 007), whence

XVI INTRODUCTION.

its name. In 1712 P^ d'Entrecolles states that there
were 3,000 porcelain furnaces in this town, which found
employment for an immense multitude of people. The
manufactory has suffered severely, as we have already stated,
during the rebellion of the Tai-pings.

Pdrcelain is termed by the Chinese Ydo, a name which
seems to have been brought into use at the commencement
of the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618), before which it had
been called Too. The word "porcelain" is European,
possibly Italian^ and is supposed to have been derived from
the similarity of the glazed surface to that of the cowrie
shell (j[>OTceU(jma)y which itself took its name from its form
(porceUa, a little pig). Marco Polo employs the word in
both senses. In French raediasval inventories the word
" pourcelaine " is often found, and evidently denoted a
substance which could be sculptured. M. de Laborde has
collected a number of quotations in the yaluable "Glossaire "
appended to his catalogue of the enamels in the Louvre,
and has come to the conclusion that mother-of-pearl was
intended ; it will, however, be safer to consider that the
word was used for any kind of shell, the cowrie and other
shells being as well, or even better, adapted for carving
than mother-of-pearl. In later inventories the word seems
to have been used both for shell and Oriental porcelain.

The claim of greatest antiquity that has been hitherto
put forward for specimens found out of the limits of the
.Celestial Empire have been in favour of the little Chinese
bottles, which were stated by Rossellini and others to have
been found in undisturbed Egyptian tombs, dating rrom nut
less than 1800 years B.C. This claim has, however, been
disallowed. The bottles are of good white porcelain, painted
in colours, and bearing inscriptions. Now we have seen
that the Chinese themselves do not claim a greater antiquity
for the invention of porcelain than between B.C. 206 and
A.D. 87. Colour painting must have been introduced at a
much later date. The inscriptions are in the grass character,
which was not invented till B.C. 48, and contain passages
from poems which were not written till the eighth century
of our era. They are, in fact, identical with snuff bottles
still for sale in China. Their introduction, therefore, into
Egyptian tombs must have been due to the fraud of Arab
workmen. The whole subject has been gone into by M. Sta-
nislas Julien in the preface to the History of Eang-te-chin,
by Mr. Medhurst, in Transactions of the China branch of the
Royal Asiatic Society, Hongkong, 1853, as well as by others.

The next claim has been made on behalf of the murrhine
vases of the ancients, which are described as " cooked in

INTRODUCTION. XVll

Parthian fires." Now it is probable that at the com-
mencement of our era Chinese porcelain was not far ad-
vanced beyond pottery or stoneware, and little superior to
the so-called Egyptian porcelain. No fragments of Chinese
vases have been found with Greek or Boman antiquities,
nor of imitations of them in other materials, so as to cor-
respond with the false murrhine of the ancients. It is
therefore far more probable, as has been suggested by Mr.
Nesbitt, in his Notes on the History of Glass-making, that
the murrhine vases were made of agates and other hard
stones, of which the colours had been modified in the East
by heating and staining. The false murrhines would then
be the glass bowls imitating hard stones, but with various
strange tints not to be found in natural stones.

In 1171 we first find any distinct mention of porcelain'
out of China, In that year Saladin sent to Nur-ed-din
as presents forty pieces of Chinese porcelain.

Marco Polo, travelling in 1280, visited one of the sites of
the porcelain manufacture, and mentions that it was exported
all over the world. It is probable that he may have been
the means of calling the attention of his countrymen to
this production of the far East. Many other notices from
travellers of the 14th and loth centuries might be cited.
It was probably through Egypt that it reached Europe ;
at any rate a present of porcelain vases was sent by the
Sultan of Egypt in 1487 to Lorenzo de' Medici. To the
Portuguese is no doubt due the first direct importation of
Chinese wares into Europe, in which they were followed by
the various India Companies of Holland, England, France,
Sweden, &c.

It may be convenient shortly to describe the mode of
making porcelain in China, as derived from the letters of
Pfere d'Entrecolles, 1712-1722, and the History of King-
te-chin, in which M. Julian has reproduced the Chinese
plates illustrating the processes.

Porcelain in China is usually formed of two materials, the
one termed in Chinese Pe-tun-tse is a white fusible material,
a mixture of felspar and quartz, obtained from a pounded
rock by repeated washing, and formed into cakes or bricks,
whence its Chinese name " white clay bricks." The other,
termed Kaolin from its locality, is infusible, being a hy-
drated silicate of alumina, derived from the decomposed
felspar of granite ; this is also formed into cakes. These
two materials, having been thoroughly cleansed, are kneaded
togrther in varying proportions and form a clay ready for
the potter. The wet clay is turned on the wheel or potter's
table, and after passing through the hands of several work-

A 167. B

XVI U INTRODUCTION.

men, who add haadles and other accessories made in moulds,
smooth the surface, &c., the vessel is put out to dry ; the
foot still remaining a solid mass ; any decoration in blue or
other colours which require to be highly fired is then added.
The glaze is next applied, either by dipping or by blowing
it on with a tube. This strengthens the vessel sufficiently to
enable the workmen to fashion the foot on the wheel, and to
inscribe any mark ; this beinglikewise coated with glaze, the
vessel is ready for the furnace. The pieces of porcelain are
packed in clay seggars to protect them from injury, and
placed according to the degree of heat which each specimen
requires. The furnace is then lighted, the entrance walled
up, and it is kept supplied with wood during a night and a
day, when it is allowed to cool and the porcelain removed.
If enamel colours are to be applied it then passes into the
hands of the painters, who are very numerous and each
confined to his own special detail ; any gilding or silvering
is added at this stage. It is then baked again, at a much
lower temperature, in a small muffle or an open furnace.
It should be mentioned that the glaze is formed of Pe-tun-
tse mixed with fern ashes and lime, but other materials are
occasionally used, for instance Hwa-chi (steatite) is employed,
sometimes mixed with the glaze, as well as sometimes with
the paste of the porcelain. An}^ colours which will bear to
be highly fired and are required to cover the whole surface
are mixed with the glaze before it is applied.

There is considerable difficulty in distinguishing glazed
vases of Chinese pottery from true porcelain, as the coloured
glaze in many cases conceals the material, and the thickness
prevents their being translucent, a distinguishing quality of
porcelain. The substance of many of the vases is coarse,
sometimes grey or even red, and such as would, in European
fabrics, be termed stoneware. By Chinese writers, however,
no distinction seems to be made, and even enamels on copper
are included in the term they use for porcelain. It has,
therefore, been thought best to class together glazed Chinese
potterj*^ and porcelain, though some of the specimens are
undoubtedly stoneware.

CATALOGUE.

CLASS I.— CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED.

Section A. — ^Plain White.

White or uncoloured porcelain raay be divided into two
kinds. 1st. Ordinary porcelain which has been made and
glazed in the usual manner with the intention of being
painted in surface colours, but to which the decoration has
not been applied ; and 2nd, porcelain made to remain white,
and not intended to be decorated.

Tlie former has rarely been sent in that state out of the
country, unless especially ordered, which we shall see must
have been the case in the earlier part of the 18th century.
It requires no particular description as it does not differ
in paste or form from decorated specimens.

The second class, to which most of the specimens here
described belong, differs considerably from other Oriental
porcelain ; the paste is usually of a creamy white resem-
bling ivory, the glaze seems closely blended with the paste,
and has a satiny texture, like the surface of soft-paste
porcelain ; the decorations consist of ornaments in high relief,
usually of an archaic character, or of engraved designs,
which frequently cannot be distinguished without holding
the specimens up to the light. We find in this material,
oval or octagonal cups, which in some instances are
made to imitate cups carved out of rhinoceros horn.
There are also statuettes of the goddess Kwan-yin, and
other Buddhist divinities, figures of lions, cocks, and other
animals, as well as small seals of a quadrangular shape,
surmounted by figures of animals, to which attention has
been much directed by the reported discovery of one or two
of them in Irish bogs.

It is probable that these specimens are of the same kind
as the white porcelain stated to have been made during the
earlier dynasties, or more modern imitations of them. A
manufactory existed under the Ming dynasty in the district

B 2

2 CLASS I. — CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED.

of Te-hwa, where "white porcelain, pe-tsey appears especially
to have been made. The cups are described as having
slightly recurved edges and considerable lustre, but very
thick, and the statuettes of Buddha as being well modelled.

This kind of porcelain is known in France under the
name of ** blanc de Chine," and was much esteemed in the
17ih and 18th centuries, and still more in Spain. It would
appear also to have some value in China^ as one of the
Hong merchants, after making many magnificent presents
to an English gentleman, gave him as an object of great
value a white cup of this kind, enclosed in a case lined
with silk.

Among the products of the earliest manufactories of
European porcelain we frequently find imitations of these
white wares, and those made at St. Cloud and Chelsea are
fairly successful. Some of the specimens have been
erroneously ascribed to Plymouth.

Bowl. One of a paii% Thin ivory white Chinese porcelain. Very
small base and wide rim, in which are six indentations. Inside
are two five-clawed dragons very fiaintly engraved in the paste
and glazed over. In the centre an inscription, also engraved
under the glaze, in an ancient seal character, being the mark
of the period Yung-lo, 140^-1424. H. 2| in., diam. 8^ in.
[PL II. 23.] 1.

This kind of vase is noticed in the History of Eling-te-chin (pp. 199,
263), as having been called To-t'ai khi, and as having been first
made dnring the period Yung-lo. The mark as engraved is
taken from the companion specimen, being nearly obliterated on
that exhibited.

Cup for Libations, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; the
feet formed of stems, from which spring branches of prunus
and magnolia ; inside is pricked the Chinese character Vuhy
'^ Jade," which being also a surname is perhaps the name of an
owner. H. 3^ in., diam. 4| in. by 4 in. 2.

Cup for Libations, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, with
moulded ornaments, consisting of branches, a fish, kylin, &c*f
on the bottom is pricked the Chinese character Lew, being pro-
bably the name of an owner. H. 3 in., diam. 6^ in. 3.

Two Cups for Libations. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, with
moulded ornaments, consisting of branches of prunus, a stag,
8tork, dog, head of dragon, &c. H. 2\ in., diam. 4 in. 4.

Cup FOR Lib a.tions. Ivory white Chinese porcelain , with moulded
ornaments, a dog, a fir-tree, head of dragon, stag, and stork.
H. 2^ in., diam. 4 in. by 3 in. 5.

A

SECTION A. — PLAIN WHITE. 3

Cup fob Libations, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, with
ornaments in relief; branches of prunus, and another tree,
H. 2^ in., diam. 4 in. by 3^ in. 6.

Cup for Libations, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, moulded
in the form of a flower, on which are sprigs in relief ; G.vq
knobs form the feet. H. 2J in., diam. 3| in. by 3J in. 7.

Cup for Libations, oval. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, moulded
on the outside with leaves and insects in relief. H. 2 in.,
diam. 4 in. 8.

Cup for Libations, oval, resting on three small feet. Ivory

white Chinese porcelain. On each side five Chinese words

engraved in the paste, which appear to be verses. H. If in.,

diam. 2| in. by 2 J in. 9.

Cup, eight-sided. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; on each side
a figure in low relief; on the bottom is impressed an ornament.
H. 2 in. 10.

Cup, oblong, eight-sided. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; under
the glaze are impressed hint outlines of horses. H. 2^ in.^
L. 3|in. 11.

Cup, oblong, eight-sided, with four small feet. Ivory white
Chinese porcelain ; on one side four Chinese characters, Lii/i
shang tung lo, " Amidst the green wine cups we rejoice."
H. If in., diam. 2 J in. by 2\ in. 12.

Cup, with broad flutes. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; on one
flute is impressed a stork, and on the opposite one a branch ;
on the bottom is impressed a seal chara<^er. H. If in., diam.
2im. [PI. V.61.] 13.

Cup, leaf-shaped, with handle, resting on three leaves moulded

in slight relief. Ivory white Chinese porcelain. H. 1^ in.,

ij.2\m. 14.

Vessel. Ivory white Chinese porcelain. Shallow circular bowl
with a projection in the centre to hold a joss-stick ; around it
are in high relief a crab, a prawn, a beetle, and leaves ; the
edge crinkled. - H. 1:J in., diam. 3 J in. 15.

Figure of a Crab resting on a lotus leaf. Ivory white Chinese
porcelain ; the stem of the leaf terminates in a flower. L. 6 J in.

16.

Basin, with cover and stand ; eight- sided, with ornaments
moulded in relief. Ivory whito Chinese porcelain. The basin has
eight feet and four handles ; each side is ornamented with three
bands enclosing scrolls and other devices of an ancient bronze

4 GLASS I.— CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED.

style ; the cover has a knob at each angle, and is ornamented
with an iris sarronnded by pranus, the spaces between are
pierced ; the central knob is wanting. The stand has a raised
knob at each angle, and eight low feet ; in the centre is a large
flower surrounded by sniaU* detached scrolls, all impressed ; on
th^ outside are panels like those on the bowl. H. 4| in., diam.
of stand, 6f in. 17.

A similar specimen is engrayed in Manyat (1868), p. 387, aa
Plymoath.

Two Cups. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, with outer pierced
coatings, among which occur seal characters. H. 2 in., diam.
3i in. 18.

Two Cups. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, each consisting of a
plain cup with an outer pierced coating. H. 2^ in., diam. 2f in.

19.

Globular Vase. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; pierced in a
pattern formed of intersecting circles. H. 2 in., dmm. 2f in.

20.

FiouBES OF Lions, a pair. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; they are
of grotesque form seated on their haunches with collars round
their necks, resting their fore feet on a ball, near which, in one of
them, is a cub ; at the sides conical tubes to hold joss-sticks ;
quadrangular pedestals. H. 13 in. 21.

Figure op a Kylin. Ivory white Chinese jiorcelain ; it rests on
a leaf-shaped pedestal, with a tube for a joss-stick by its side.
H. 3 in. 22.

Eight Seals. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; each in the form of
a cube, on which an animal is seated. On the under surface are
inscriptions in the seal character, sometimes in relief and some-
times sunk. H. 1^ in. 23.

A similar one is engrared in Manyat (1868)) p. 28i. See also Noticea
of Chinese seals found in Ireland, by Edmund Getty. Dublin. ^50.

Seaj;^, oval. Ivory whit'O Chinese porcelain, surmounted by a
rabbit. No stamp. H. ^ in. 24.

Statuette of the goddess Kwan-yin, seated on- a lotus flower, and
holding in one hand a peach. Bluish- white Chinese porcelain.
H. 5\ in. 25.

Vase, six-sided, of white Chinese porcelain, with ornaments
copied from bronze ; on the front and back panels is a symbol
(standard ?), below which the waves of the sea, and above
a phoenix in full relief ; on the side panels are dragons
with the waves of the sea below them ; two looped handles with
pendent rings fastened to the vase, H, 12 in. ^6,

SECTION A. — PLAIN WHITE. 5

Pair of Cups. White Chinese porcelain ; on the outside five
medallions with figures in biscuit in high relief; in one of them
the god of Longevity ; in each of the others two figures standing,
probably the Pa-sien or eight immortals ; between the medal-
lions is pierced fretwork. H. 1| in./diam. 3| in. 2Qa.

Cup and Saucer. White Chinese porcelain, very thin, ornamented
inside with a chrysanthemum flower, moulded in very low relief.
Diam. 3 in., 4^ in. 27.

Cup and Saucer, of thin white Chinese porcelain, slightly
moulded in relief, in the form of the flower of a nelumbium or
water-lily. Inside an impressed ornament. Diam. 3 J in.,
b\ in. ^ 28.

Cup and Saucer, of thin white Chinese porcelain, slightly
moulded in relief in the form of a flower ; and thick Coffee
Cup of the same pattern. Diam. 3^ in., 5 J in., 2\ in. 29.

Coffee Cup, of rude make. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, simple
handle, rounded base, band round lower part. H. 2^ in.,
Diam. 1^ in. 30.

Tills has been considered by some to have been made at Fulham.

Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, with gilt designs out-
lined in brown ; three phoenixes and four detached flowera.
Diam. 8 J in. 31.

Two Bricks, of white Chinese porcelain ; section in the form of L ;
one face glazed. From the famous porcelain tower near Nankin,
now destroyed. It was commenced under the Emperor Yung-
lo, and completed in 1430. It was about 240 feet high. L.
lOi in., 5i in., W. 5 in., H. 3 in. 32.

This celebrated pagoda was not really built of porcelain. It consisted
of nine stories faced with enamelled bricks of five colours ; the only-
bricks made of porcelain were the white, the rest being merely
glazed pottery. (See Nos. 921, 922.)

Very shallow Vase, of white Chinese porcelain, with a dull band
round the mouth and base, coloured brown, and engraved with
scroll and fret patterns. H. 1^ in., diam. A\ in. 33.

Sndfp Bottle. White Chinese porcelain; double casing, the
outer pierced and moulded with the seal character. Show,
" Longevity," accompanied by two bats, emblems of Happiness.
H. 2f in. 33«.

Section B. — Single coloured Glazes. .

The va;Se3 and other objects glazed over with single
colours are among the most original and decorative objects
produced in porcelain, and were much appreciated by the
^Uectors of the last century.

6 CLASS I. — CIllNESJi: TOKCELAIN KOT PAINTED.

The tints are very numerous ; we lind, for instance, sea
green or celadon, yellow, red, blue, purple, brown, black,
and several variegated hues. These glazes owe their colour
to various metallic oxides, of wl)ich an account may be
found in the history of King-te-chin, Book VI., Sect. XL
The exact tint must be in some measure due to the amount
of firing which the vase has undergone, and the mottlings
and oi^er variations of colour which they present must
have been to a certain extent accidental.

Among these simple colours the first place must be
assigned to the bluish or sea-green tint, termed by the
French (Madon. It is probably of considerable antiquity,
and it is remarkable that the earliest specimen of porcelain
that can now be referred to as having been brought to
England before the Reformation, viz., the cup of Archbishop
Warham, at New College, Oxford, is of this kind. By the
Persians and Turks it is termed Toertebaniy and it is much
valued by them as a detector of poisonous food. Specimens
of this porcelain were sent to Lorenzo de* Medici in 1487
by the Sultan of Egypt. It owes its preservation no doubt
to its great thickness. The surface is sometimes covered
with impressed or engraved patterns filled in with the glaze.
In Japan, where it is esteemed, it is known as Seiji.

Yellow glazed porcelain is much valued by collectors,
owing to the supposed scarcity of specimens of this colour,
it being the imperial colour of the later dynasties.

The red glaze is of considerable antiquity ; some of the
rases made under the Sung dynasty at Tsing-cheou are
mentioned as resembling chiselled red jade. One tint, the
sang de bceuf of French collectors, is much valued in
China. A specimen, possibly genukie, is exhibited as
No. 44. Occasionally portions of red glazed vases appear
purple, owing probably to a difierent chemical condition of
the colouring matter in those parts^ This variety is called
by the Japanese Shvnsha.

Blue glazes must have come into use in very early times,
as blue is stated to have been the colour of the vases of
the Tsin dynasty (A.D. 265-419). The tints appear to
have varied greatly, one of the most celebrated being the
blue of the sky after rain, which was the tint selected for
the use of the palace bj the Emperor Chi-tsung (954-959).
Specimens with a deep blue glaze are known in Japan as
Ruri.

The purple glaze is another beautiful variety. Speci-
mens of this colour are mentioned as early as the Sung
dynasty (960-1 279). The brown and coffee coloured glazes

SECTION B. — SINGLJB COLOURED GLAZES. 7

do not appear to be very ancient, as Pere d'EntrecoUes,
writing in 1712, mentions them as recent inventions.

A brilliant black glaze is by no means common, except-
ing where it is used in combination with ^gilding, and is
probably not very ancient, as a brilliant black is said to
have been invented under the reign of the Emperor Keen-
lung, 1736-1795. It differs from the black ground of the
painted waras which are of a dull black glazed over with
green.

The variegated and mottled glazes may properly be
included under this head, as they owe their appearance not
so much to a difference in the colouring matter as to the
mode in which it is applied. They are called by the French
fiamb^y and were no doubt originally accidentally pro-
• duced. According to Pere d'EntrecoUes, second letter, 1722,
s. xi., such vases are chilled Yao pieuy or transmutation
vases. In Japan they are known as Naraako. Three vases
in this collection, Nos. 64, 717, and 718 are attributed to the
Sung dynasty, and if so may be specimens of the Kien-Yao,
or porcelain of Kien-chow, which is described as being of pale
black, sprinkled with yellow spots.

It is probable that many of the specimens which are
covered with single glazes are of a coarse ware, rather a
kind of stoneware than true porcelain. Some of the glazes
have been applied at a somewhat lower temperature, called
by the French demi-grand feu.

Incense Burner. Chinese porcelain, green celadon. It is in the
form of a small temple,*with a quadrangular base, on which are
two horses and flowers in very slight relief; on this rests the
cover, shaped like a roof, supported on four columns, below
which is a nelumbium irait pierced for the smoke to escape; it is
surrounded by an openwork gallery ; on the roof are six dragons'
heads in full relief, coloured to imitate bronze. H. 9^ in. 33^.

Saucer Dish, of very thick Chinese porcelain, green celadon,
with ornaments slightly impressed ; in the centre a large flower,
round the sides leafy scroll work. Brought from the island of
Rhodes. Diam. 13J in. 34.

Deep Plate. Chinese porcelain, of massive fabric, covered with
dark green celadon glaze ; in the centre a sprig of flowers,
around which a band of scored flutings. Diam. 9^ in. 35.

Large Bowl, with detached openwork stand. Chinese porcelain
of massive fabric, covered with green celadon glaze; the bowl is
ornamented inside and out with flowers and scrolls of a formal
pattern ; the stand is formed of leaves moulded in relief. H. of
bowl, 5^ in. Diam. of bowl, 15^ in. H. of stand, 6^ in.
PiaiT). of stand, 9^ in. 36.

8 CLASS I. — CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED.

Vase, with cylindrical neck, and two handles with rings attached
to them. Chinese porcelain, coyered with green celadon glaze.
H. 9 in. 37.

Pear-shaped Vase, with two handles in the form of elephants'
heads. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and out with a full
yellow glaze. H. 13 in. 38.

Thin Bowl. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and out with a
pale yellow glaze. Mark of the period Hung-che. 1488-1506.
(3.3.) H. 3| in., diam. 7i in. [PI. I. 8.] ' 39.

Thin Bowl. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and out with a
pale yellow glaze. Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 1522-1567.
(3.3.) H. 3i in., diam. 7f in. [PI. I. 10.] 40.

Pair of Shallow Bowls. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and •
out with a full yellow glaze. Mark of the period Kea-tsing,
1522-1567. (3.3.) H. 2 J in., diam. 8 in. [PI. I. 10.] 41.

Pair of Saucers. Chinese porcelain, covered with yellow glaze.
Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 1522-1567. (2.2.) H. 5 in. 42.

Pair of Bowls. Chinese porcelain, with faintly engraved patterns,
representing five clawed dragons with waves beneath them ;
covered inside and out with pale yellow glaze. Mark of the
period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (3.3.) H. 2^ in., diam. 4f in.
[PI. II. 14.] 43.

The peculiarly hazy look of the glaze over the mark closely resembles
Japanese porcekun.

Bottle. Chinese porcelain ; covered with a deep but brilliant
red glaze. H. 8^ in. 44.

This specimen is from Mr. A. B. Mitford's collection, and is thus
described in the catalogue : — " A bottle : Lang yao tz^y porcelain
from the Lang furnace. The Lang family were a family of famous
potters who possessed the secret of this peculiar glaze and paste.
They became extinct about the year 1610; and their pottery is highly
esteemed, and fetches great prices at Fekin. The Chinese have never
been able successfully to imitate this ware."

Bottle. Chinese porcelain, with globular body and narrow neck,
covered with a light red glaze. Mark of the period Kapg-he,
1661-1722. (3.3.) H. 10 in. [PI. II. 14.] 44a.

Bottle-shaped Vase. Chinese porcelain, covered with a pale
red glaze, assuming the form of a sprinkled pattern. Mark in
the seal character of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. H.
\l\ in. [PI. III. 25.] 45.

Pair op Bottles, with narrow necks. Chinese porcelain, covered
with a deep red glaze. H. 8 in. 46.

SECTION B. — SINGLE COLOURED GLAZES. 9

Pair op Bottle-shaped Vases. Chinese porcelain, covered ex-
ternally with a deep red glaze. Mark in the seal character of
the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. H. 12 in. [PI. III. 29.]

47.

Pair op Bowls, with covers. Chinese porcelain ; the outsides of
both of a rich rnby colour, the insides plain white. Mark on
bowls and covers of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795, in the
seal character. H. 3^ in., diam. 4;^^ in. [PI. III. 26.] 48.

Square Vase, with swelling body, small foot and neck. - Chinese
porcelain ; the outside covered with a glaze varying from a deep
liver colour to a pale grey. H. 13 J in. 49.

Vase, with wide mouth and foot. Chinese porcelain ; the outside
covered with a wavy glaze, reddish brown and grey, with darker
spots. * Mark, stamped, in the seal character, too complicated to
be deciphered. H. 5^ in. [PL VI. 69.] 50.

Flat Bottle. Chinese porcelain, singularly shaped, somewhat
in the form of an obelisk or sceptre passing through a circle ;
covered with a mottled grey and red glaze ; on the flat sides orna-
ments in relief, among which are two constellations. H. 8-| in.

51.

Bottle. Chinese porcelain, covered externally with a brilliant
brownish black glaze. H. 12^ in. ^ 52.

Pair of Ewers, with covers. Chinese porcelain, with flowing

spouts and handles, covered with a deep black glaze, with traces

* of gilding, Chinese seal characters, birds, &c. H. 7f in. 53.

Pair of Candlesticks. Chinese porcelain, covered with a dark
brown glaze ; each has three feet ; around the stems a dragon in
relief, above which is a lotus leaf once forming the base of a
pricket ; the latter has been replaced by a nozzle, apparently of
Bottcher ware ; mounted in ormolu. H. 6J in. 54.

Vase. Chinese porcelain, moulded in relief; the body ribbed, the
upper part with stiff leaves and borders of a bronze pattern,
covered entirely with bright brown glaze. H. 13 in. 55.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, coated outside with a brownish bronze
colour, inside plain. Mark of the period Heen-fung, 1851-
1862. (3.3.) H. 3^ in., diam. 6 in. [PL 11. 19.] 56.

Hexagonal Bottle. Chinese porcelain, covered with olive
green to imitate bronze, and decorated with gold ; it has two
small handles in the form of monsters ; on the body are six
panels with storks, above which the same number of panels
with phoenixes ; below are arabesques ; on the foot and lower
part of the neck a band of a bronze pattern, with the Chinese

10 CLASS I.— CHINESE POKCliLAIN NOT PAINTED.

character Show^ " Longevity," at intervals ; on tlie neck ara-
besques, bead work, &c. Mark in gold, in the si'al character, of
the period King-te, of the Sung dynasty, 1004-1007. H. 14^
in. [PL II. 22.] 57.

The style of execution renders it probable that this specimen was
made in the 18th century ; perhaps copied from bronze.

Eight-sided Bottle, fluted. Chinese porcelain, covered with an
olive brown glaze to imitate bronze. H. 7J in. 511a,

Fluted Bottle of a kind of stoneware, covered with a pale
lilac glaze. This bottle was obtained at Pekin, and has been
pronounced by Chinese antiquaries to belong to the Yuen
dynasty, 1206-1368, H. 3J in. 58.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain ; covered with deep purple glaze; on the
outside, a portion of the glaze has been removed on the wheel,
probably in Germany, so as to produce an engraved design in
white ; viz., a bird on a bunch of fruit, through which* is passed
a ribbon tied at each end into an elaborate bow ; the rest of the
bowl has scrolls terminating in flowers. H. 3 in., diam. 6| in.

59.

Teapot of Chinese porcelain, in the form of a peach, with handle
and spout, and an opening in the bottom communicating with
a tube through which the liquid is poured into the vessel;
it is covered with a deep purple glaze. H. 5 in. 60.

Vessel of Chinese porcelain in the form of a chrysanthemum
flower half closed, glazed inside and out with a brilliant lapis
blue. H. 1| in., diam. 2\ in. 61.

Cylindrical Match Pot. Chinese porcelain, covered with a
dull blue glaze, with two dragons and small clouds in outline,
scratched through the colour before firing. Mark Ya wan, " An
elegant rarity." H. 5J in. [PL V. 47.] 62.

Two Plates, with wavy edges. Chinese porcelain ; the whole
fronts and the backs of the borders are covered with mazarine
blue, with designs traced in gold ; in the centre the cha-
racter Show, " Longevity," in clouds, surrounded by ^ve lions.
Mark, Luk-i tang, " Luh-i Hall." Diam. 8^ in. [PI. IV. 33.]

63.

Pair of Ewers. Chinese porcelain, covered with a dark blue
glaze ; the surface of the bodies has been ornamented with
chrysanthemums in gold, and scrolls in silver ; old metal
mounts. H. 10 in. 63a.

Oviform Vase, with spreading base and no neck. Dense red
Chinese ware, covered with a mottled glaze of a dark greenish
blue with yellow specks. Mark stamped in the clay, Koh
Ming Tsiang cki, "Made by Koh Ming Tsiang." This is said
to be as old as the Sung dynasty, 960-1278. H. 11^ in. [PI.
VI. 71.] 64.

SECTION C. — GLAZES OF SEVERAL COLOURS. 11

Pair op Vases, with monsters' heads forming handles. Chinese
porcelain, covered with mottled bluish green. MarK o^ the
period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. (3.3.) H.4| in. [PL II. 16.]

65.

Section C. — Glazes op several Colours.

It has been convenient to place together specimens on
which glazes of several colours appear, although they may
not have been all applied at the high temperature to which
the vases with single glazes have been subjected. The
designs upon them can scarcely be considered painted, and
therefore it is convenient that they should form a class
apart. It is probably to this kind of porcelain that Pere
d'Entrecolles refers in his second letter, s. xiv., from which
it appears that the process of making it varies somewhat
from the ordinary one. The vessels are burnt before being
glazed, and the colours applied, mixed with what he terms
" poudre de cailloux."

Vase, with small neck. Chinese porcelain, with ornaments
executed in raised outlines, filled in with yellow and turquoise
on a dark blue ground ; on the lower part waves from which
spring water plants ; on the upper part an interlacing pattern of
beads and amulets. H. 16J in. 67.

This may possibly be Japanese, compare Nos. 465a to 465c ; but it is
evidently much older than those specimens.

Two-handled Vase. Chinese porcelain, with chrysanthemum
flowers in low relief growing up from the base, and with
flying insects around them ; the handles in the form of ele-
phants' heads and trunks. The ground of the outside of the
vase is covered with a turquoise glaze passing in places into
green. The flowers are sometimes of a pale yellow, sometimes,
together with the leaves, coloured maroon ; the elephants' heads
are maroon ; inside and bottom coated with a dirty yellow
glaze. H. 18 in. 68.

This may also be Japanese and modem.

VasBj with small neck, the body widening towards the upper
part. Chinese porcelain ; on it are engraved two di*agons among
clouds, coloured green on a yellow ground. Mark of the
period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. (3.3.) H. 15 in. [PL I. 12.]

69.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain ; the inside plain, the outside with two
five-clawed dragons floating in clouds ahove the sea, all faintly
engraved in the paste and coloured purple ; these are relieved
hy a brilliant green ground. Mark of the period Kang^he,
1661-1722. (3.8.) H. 2| in., diam. 6 in. [PI. II. 14.] 70.

12 CLASS I.— CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED.

QuADRANGULAB Yase. Chinese porcelain, with ornaments in
relief, consisting of the mystical trigrams known as the Pa^
kwa, placed two on each side, with the circular emblem , the
Yang-jing, between them ; these are coloured sea green and
brown relieved by a blue glazed background. H. 9|in. 71.

Pair of Figures of Lions, standing on leaves. Chinese por-
celain ; one of them green with maroon mane and small yellow
cub by its right front paw ; the other yellow, with a green mane
and moveable green ball under its left front paw ; H. 3 j in.

72.

Pair of Small Trays, of Chinese porcelain ; they are formed of
the leaf, stem, and bud, of the nelumbium, covered with green
glaze, and enclosing water insects, modelled in relief, and
glazed in various colours. L. 4 in. 73.

Figure of a Parrot, of Chinese porcelain, coloured green, and
resting on a yellow rock. H. 2J in. 74.

Saucer Disu. Chinese porcelain, with engraved designs, repre-
senting four branches of flowers, coloured maroon, green, and
white, on a deep yellow ground ; outside deep yellow. Mark, a
quatrefoil- shaped symbol. Diam. 8 J in. [PL IX. 106.] 74a.

Saucer Disn. Chinese porcelain, with engraved designs, repre-
senting three flowering plants growing out of a rock, and
coloured green, yellow, and maroon ; outside deep yellow. Mark,
a quatrefoil-shaped symbol. Diam. 6| in. [PI. IX. 106.]

74^.

CLASS II.— CHINESE CRACKLE PORCELAIN.

This is one of the most peculiar productions of the art
of the Chinese potter, and has not been successfully imitated
elsewhere. Occasionally European pieces assume a crackled
appearance, but this has not been intentionally produced,
arid has been subsequent to the baking.

There is a "considerable variety in the coloured glazes
which are thus crackled. Some colours, such as turquoise
blue and apple green, seem nearly always to assume a
crackled appearance ; others, such as the reds, are rarely
aflfected. The colour chiefly selected is a greyish white ; the
forms are archaic, and with ornaments in dark brown, occa-
sionally gilt. The crackled appearance, though now always
artificial, owes doubtless its origin in the first instance to
accident, and at an early period. Some of the vases of
the Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1270), are noticed as beiug
crackled. The productions of the two brothers Chang,
who lived under that dynasty, were distinguished by one

CLASS II. — GHI'NESE GBAGKLE PORCELAIN. 13

being crackled and the other not. Crackled vases were
called Tsui-khi-yao, under the southern Sung dynasty
(1127-1279), and are thus described in the History of
King-te-chin : — "The clay employed was coarse and com-
pact, the vases were thick and heavy, some were of a rice
white, others pale blue. They used to take some Hoa-chi
(steatite), powder it, and mix it with the glaze. The vases
exhibited cracks running in every direction as though
broken into a thousand pieces. The cracks were rubbed
over with Indian ink or a red colour, and the superfluity
removed. Then was seen a network of charming veins,
red or black, imitating the cra<5ks of ice. There were also
vases on which blue flowers were painted on the crackled
ground/'

A different mode of making the crackles is described in
another Chinese work, and is as follows : — '* After covering
the vases with glaze, they are exposed to a very hot sun,
and when they have become hot, they are plunged into
cold water for a moment. On being baked they appear
covered with innumerable cracks." The way in which
the size of the crackle is regulated, seems to be indicated in
one of the receipts for making crackle vases given in the
History of King-te-chin, (p. 214), from which we learn
that the material of the glaze was to be finely or coarsely
washed, according to the size of the crackle required.

The difference between the paste and the thick glaze are
well illustrated by fragments of ancient vases, some of
which are exhibited. The interior is of a coarse paste,
nearly resembling stoneware, and of a buff or even pale
red colour. This is coated on both sides with a white
material, in which alone the crackles appear. This illus-
trates a passage in the History of King*te-chin, where
porcelain is spoken of as having red bones. Such vases
would not be transparent.

Oval Libation Cup. Chinese crackle porcelain, .brownish, with
moulded ornaments in relief, dog, stork, dragon's head, stag, &c.
L. 3f in., H. 2^. in. 75.

Bottle. Chinese crackle porcelain, greenish ; two handles in
the form of monsters' heads, and a band of various patterns in
relief coloured dark brown. H. 7 in, 76.

Bottle. Chinese crackle porcelain, greenish grey, the crackles
being few in number and far apart. Mark, in the seal character,
of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. H. 9f in. [PI. III.
25.] 77.

14 GLASS ir. — CHINESE CRACKLE PORCELAIN.

Low Vase, with two handles in the form of monpters' heads
bronzed over. Chinese porcelain ; the outside of a grey blue,
crackled ; the upper part of inside also crackled ; the cracks
are filled in with brown. H. 2| in., W. 4^ in. 78.

Vase. Chinese crackle porcelain, dark lavender. H. 6J in. 79.

Globular Vase. Chinese crackle porcelain, brown, with darker
brown rim and base. H. 2^., diam. 4 in. 80.

Vase with Narrow Neck. Chinese porcelain, covered with a
deep blue glaze, slightly crackled. H. 6^ in. 81.

Vase of good form. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and out
with a turquoise glaze, minutely crackled. H. 12| in. 82.

Circular Stand, resting on three legs; Chinese porcelain,
covered with a turquoise glaze^ slightly crackled. H. If in.,
diam. 5| in. 83.

Oblong Stand, resting on four legs. Chinese porcelain, covered
with a deep turquoise glaze, slightly crackled. H. 2^ in., W. 7 in.
by 3^ in. 84.

Pair of Semicircular Stands, resting on three legs. Chinese
porcelain, covered with a deep turquoise glaze, slightly crackled.
H. 2J in., li. 10 in. 85.

Teapot of flattened form, with a peach on its cover. Chinese
porcelain ; the outer surface entirely covered with a turquoise
glaze, slightly crackled. H. 3^ in., L. 7. 86.

Figure of a Parrot. Chinese porcelain, covered with a,
brilliant turquoise glaze, slightly crackled ; hole for joss-stic!k
in right wing. H. 4J in. 87.

Vase, with small neck. Dense red Chinese ware, covered with
a deep turquoise glaze, crackled, on which are designs painted
in black; of a somewhat Persian character. Three panels:
two enclosing figures, the third a stork ; borders above and
below. H. 10^ in. 88.

Vase, with narrow neck. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and
out with a bright green glaze, crackled. H. 5^ in. 89.

Vase, with narrow neck. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and
out with a bright green glaze, crackled. Ormolu mount to
foot. H. 4}in. 90.

Vase, barrel-shaped. Chinese porcelain, covered inside and out
with bright green glaze, crackled. H. 4 J in. 91.

Pair op Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, entirely covered
with apple green glaze, slightly crackled ; gilt edges. Diam.
9i in. 92.

CliASS II. — CHINESE CRACKLE PORCELAIN. lo

Saucer. Very solid and coarse Chinese ware, crackled, and
mottled with brown and grey. Mark stamped in relief,
/ shing, " Harmonious prosperity," probably a motto. Diam.
5^ in. [PL VI. 68.] 93.

Snuff Bottle, moulded in relief. Chinese porcelain of a yel-
lowish paste, slightly crackled; eighteen mythological figures,
probably the Arhan, or immediate disciples of Buddha,
resting on clouds, with a dragon above. H. 2^ in. 94.

Snuff Bottle, with pierced outer casing, moulded in relief.
Chinese porcelain, of yellowish paste, slightly crackled. A
tangled mass of tree-stems and flowers ; in the stopper is set a
small ruby. H. 3^ in. 94a.

Snuff Bottle, moulded in relief. Chinese porcelain, crackled ;
groups of vases and other emblems painted in colours on a
diapered ground. Mark, in the seal character, of the period
Kea-king, 1796-1821. H. 2f in. [PL III. 28.] 95.

Vase, with two handles, in the form of monsters' heads.
Chinese porcelain ; on the body eight horses in various attitudes,
in slight relief, and outlined in blue and brown ; the ground is
crackled, the cracks being filled in with a buff colour. These
horses, are probably intended to represent the eight famous
horses of Muh Wang, a monarch of the Chow dynasty, B.C.
1001. H. 6 in. 96.

Saucer Dish. Chinese crackle porcelain, grey, painted in colours,
with a little gilding ; a river scene ; green border with symbols,
interrupted by four medallions enclosing dragons. Diam.
8iin. ^ 97.

Three FragmExNTS of Saucers. Chinese crackle porcelain. From
the ruins of the palace at Bijapur, India, destroyed in 1689.
They show the red colour of the inner body. 91a,

CLASS III.— CHINESE PORCELAIN WITH WHITE

SLIP DECORATION.

In these specimens the white decoration seems to have
been applied in a semi-liquid state, technically called " slip *'
or engobe, on a coloured ground. M. Jacqueraart has
attributed a similar vase to the workshops of Shiraz in
Persia ; but there seems to be no reason for this statement,
although such specimens may have been made in China
for the Persian or Indian markets, and the process was
employed by the Persians in decorating their siliceous
wares.

A 167. c

16 CLASS III. CHINESE PORCELAIN ; SLIP DECORATION.

Bottle-shaped Vase, probably part of a narghili. Chinese
porcelain, covered externally with a dark brown glaze, on which
are moulded in low relief, in white, two fern plants. H. 11 in.

98.

Vase, bottle-shaped, probably part of a narghili. Chinese
porcelain, covered externally with a dark brown glaze, on which
are moulded in low relief, in white, two strange plants. H.
10| in. 98a.

Compare Jacquemart and Le Blant, Plate xix, Pig. I.

Bottle-shaped Vase, probably part of a narghili. Chinese
porcelain, covered with dark blue glaze, on which are moulded,
in white, two branches of prunus. H. 12J in. 99.

Vase, with swelling body, and two lions' heads in reHef as handles.
Chinese porcelain, covered with a greyish blue glaze, on which
are moulded in slight relief, in white, two vases containing
flowers. H. lOj in. 100.

Globular Jab, with narrow neck. Chinese porcelain, covered
with a greyish blue glaze, on which are moulded in slight relief,
in white, two vases containing flowers, insects, &c. H. 9^ in.

101.

Pair of Bottles. Chinese porcelain, covered externally with a
deep lavender glaze ; on the front is a prunus tree worked on
in slip, slightly raised. H. 9f in. 102.

CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.
Section A. — Painted in Blue.

A laxge proportion of the specimens of Chinese porcelain
which have found their way into collections are decorated
simply in blue. We have already mentioned that the
colour is painted on the unburnt clay before the glazing
is applied, and that it assumes its brilliant appearance
under the influence of the furnace. It is to this,' no doubt,
that it owes much of its charm, as the glaze preserves it
from injury, and gives the object a fresh and clean appear-
ance. It is probable that the earliest specimens of painted
decoration on porcelain were executed in blue alon^, and
such paintings have retained their prestige among Chinese
collectors. Various kinds of blue are mentioned in the
History of King-te-chin, but most of those employed seem
to be different preparations of cobaltiferous ores of man*
ganese. Chinese writers state that in the period Ching-hwa
(1465-1488) the supply of the finest blue failed. It is
therefore likely that many of the specimens of fine blue

SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 17

that bear the date of that period belong to a later time,
and most probably to the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. At
any rate, when we find such early dates on dishes, plates,
and other objects of European forms, we may conclude
that they are the productions of a far later time.

Blue and white porcelain has long been much esteemed
in Holland, where it furnished the models for much of the
glazed pottery made at Delft. In France but little atten-
tion seems to have been devoted to this class, and in
England, till lately, so little was it esteemed that innumer-
able specimens, including even those of high quality, were
hopelessly spoilt by being daubed over with red, green, and
gold (unfortunately burnt in), in order to render them
saleable. At the present moment, however, the collecting
of blue and white has become greatly in fashion in this
country, where probably it commands higher prices than
can be obtained elsewhere.

Pair op tall Vases. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
Chinese interiors, apparently state ceremonies ; on one of them
the Emperor is represented, surrounded by the personages of
his court, who are holding their sceptres before their faces ;
round the neck two bands of ornament. Mark of the period
Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.2.) H. 17^ in. [PL I. 6.] 103.

Tall Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a Chinese in-
terior, apparently an Emperor and Empress seated on thrones,
with numerous attendants, at the door are horses ; on the neck
two branches of flowers. Mark of thiB period Ching-hw% 1465-
1488. (3.3.) H. 184 i°- E^l- ^' ^0 ^^^•

Tall Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in pale blue ; a Chinese
scene containing various detached groups ; in one of them a figure
playing on axi instrument ; in another a figure writing, several
looking at a scroll, &c. ; on the neck two branches of bamboo.
Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.2.) H. 18 in.
[PI. I. 6.] 105.

Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a pheasant on a rock,
from which spriiigs a flowering plant ; in the sky two birds ;
narrow borders above. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-
1488. (3.3.) H. 9in. [PI. I. 6.] 106.

Beaker, with swelling centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
on the body a grandee receiving the homage of a kneeling
person ; on the neck figures of warriors. H. 17^ in. 107.

c 2

18 GLASS IT.-— CHINESE PAINTED POBCELAIN.

Beaker, with swelling centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; three ranges of subjects ; in the upper one a Chinese
interior with figures writing, below this a garden scene, and
at the bottom figures with poultry. Mark, a leaf. H. 18 in.
[PL Vni. 91.], 108.

Beaker, with sweUing centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
on the upper part four panels, enclosing, alternately, a landscape
with deer, and vases, &c. ; the lower range is similar, but the
vases are represented as though in leaf-like compartments,
with symbols beneath. Mark, a leaf. H. 18^in. [PL VIII. 91.]

109.

Beaker^ with swelling body. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
on the body and neck four panels enclosing Chinese domestic
scenes and ceremonies. H. 18 in. 110.

Beaker, with slightly swelling body. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue ; thirty-two panels enclosing Chinese groups of figures,
chiefly ladies and children, or flowers, placed alternately. Mark,
the leaf symbol. H. 20| in. [PL VIII. 94.] 111.

Beaker, with slightly swelling body. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue ; thirty-two panels enclosing a flowering tree, all repeti-
tions of the same design ; the blue portions are shaded in parallel
lines. Mark, the leaf symbol. H. 19^ in. [PL VIII. 94.]

112.

Beaker, with expanding mouth. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; a Chinese scene, in which are seven figures. H. 16^ in.

113.

Cylindrical Jar. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue of fine
colour ; groups of vases, some of them containing flowers, and
trees growing out of pots. H. 17 in. 114.

Pair of Cylindrical Jars. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue
of various tints ; on the body a design in four bands, alternately
stifi* arabesques in blue on a white ground, and patterns in
white on a pale blue ground ; of the latter the upper one con-
sists of two dragons holding up fanciful branches; on the
necks stiff leaves. H. 11 in. 115.

Cylindrical Jar, slightly widening at the lip. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; rocks, flowers, and insects. H. 6^. 116.

Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; two figures on horse-
back pursuing a hare. Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 1522—
1567. (3.3.) H. 8 in. [PL I. 10.] 117.

Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; two horsemen with
shaven heads hunting hares. Mark of the period Kea-tsin^
1522-1567. (3.3.) H. 8 in. [PL I. 10.] us.

SECTION A. — ^PAINTED IN BLUE. 19

Pair of Vases. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; four figures
of Chinese ladies. Mark, Chin^ " A pearl." H. 3| in. [PI. V.
^.'] 119.

Vase. Chinese porcelain ; on the body are six flutes in relief,
painted in blue ; on each flute a plant growing out of rocks.
Mark Yuh, « Jade." H. 4^ in. [PL V. 55.] 120.

Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in dark blue ; two tigers in a
landscape ; at the back a bamboo plant growing out of a rock.
H. 17 in. 121.

Pair of oviform Vases. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
with landscapes, rocks, and water ; very white paste. H. 11^
in. 122.

Oviform Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a Chinese
landscape. H. 7f in. 123.

Pair of Jars, with covers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue,
with birds on rocks; flowers on covers. H. 11 in. 124.

Pair of Beakers, with swelling centres. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; a bird on a rock, from which grows a flower-
ing plant. H. 9} in« 125.

Beaker, with swelling centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
two birds on a rock, from which grows a flowering plant. H.
9f in. 126.

Beaker, with wide mouth, and raised band towards the lower part.
Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a running pattern of flowers
and stems. H. 7 J in. - 127.

ft

Beaker. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; Chinese scene ;
two figures, two tall trees, Ac, in a landscape. H. lOJ in.

128.

Pair of Beakers, cylindrical, with very slightly indicated band
about a third from the base. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
rocks and flowers, on which a bird ; below, stiff scrolls and
flowers ; and still lower, leaves pointing downwards. H. 8f in.

129.

Four Beakers, with expanded tops. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue ; on each four Chinese figures, a lady with female atten-
dant holding a large fan, and two men with presents covered
with cloths ; below flowers, rabbit, &c. Mark of the period
Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.) H. 5^ in. [PI. I. 7.] 130.

Pair of Beakers, square. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
in the centre is a quadrangular projection, on which are four
panels representing Chinese interiors, with two figures in each ;
they rest on an expanding foot painted with flowers growing
put of rocks ; the upper portions also expand to a still greater

20 CLASS XV. — OHINBSK PAINTED PORCELAIN.

width, each panel of which is ornamented with growing plants,
birds, and insects ; at the top and bottom borders of lozenge
pattern. Mark, two figures. H. 10:][^ in. 131.

A similar pair is in the collection at Blenheim.

Vase, bottle-shaped. Chinese porcelain, with the four-dawed
dragon among clouds, faintly engraved in the paste, and filled
in with blue. Mark of the period Ching-hwa> 1465-1488. (3.3.)
H. 7iin. [PI. I. 6.] 132.

Bottle, six-sided. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on each
side a quatrefoil medallion enclosing a fabulous animal ; the
remainder of the body ornamented with wicker pattern in
white on a blue ground ; above and below panels and borders
with stiff ornaments. Mark, in the seal character, Fuh kwei
kia hi, " Fine vase for riches and honours." H. 13 in. [PL
VI. 67.] 133.

Bottle, flattened, with two handles. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue ; on each side a peach tree and two storks ; borders of
wavy lines. H. 11 in. 134.

Pair of Bottles, gourd-shaped, in two stages. Chinese porce-
lain, painted in blue; on the projecting portions are figures
and landscapes very rudely painted ; between them a band
with floral ornaments. H. \2\ in. 135.

Pair ok Bottles, with narrow necks. Chinese porcelain ; the
bodies are moulded in lobes in slight relief, and painted in
dark blue ; the lobes rudely represent pomegranates ; between
them a stiff floral pattern ; above this is "a band of diaper with
white flowers, interrupted in one bottle by two medallions with
water plants ; in the other by two panels with cicadas ; on the
neck is a stiff floral pattern, leaves with the points downwards,
and characters, apparently derived from ancient Sanscrit writing.
H. 11 in. 136.

Pair of Bottles, with very depressed bodies and narrow necks.
Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; stiff flowers, from which
proceed minute tendrils forming a diapered ground. Mark of
the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (2.2.2.) H. 2J in. [PI. I.
5.] 137.

Pair of Bottles, gourd-shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue; on the body five-leaved flowers; on the neck similar
flowers alternating with lozenges. Mark, a leaf. H. 6 in.
[PI. VIII. 91.] 138.

Bottle, with long neck. Chinese porcelain, painted in deep
rich blue ; figures of Chinese horsemen, a man in boat, land-
scape, &c. H. 6J in. J 39.

BKCTJON A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 21

Bottle, with straight neck. Chinese poicelaiu, painted in blue ;
branches of chi-ysanthemum and formal flowers. Mark of the
period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.) H. 6 in. [PI. I. 7.]

140.

Bottle, with raised band on neck. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue, with nankin yellow lines round band of neck. The body
divided into four panels, containing alternately vases and land-
scapes ; on the neck-band a diaper of concentric lozenges, inter-
rupted by three medallions with books, &c.; leaf-like ornaments
above, as well as a smaller neck-band. H. 10 in. 141.

Sprinkler, with narrow neck. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; two lai'ge sprigs of leaves, and two spikes of flowers,
trailing downwards. H. 8^ in. 142.

Globular Vase and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
flowers and scrolls of chrysanthemum treated in a formal
manner. Curious coarse ware, probably very ancient. An
oriental silver knob on the cover. H. 16^ in. 143.

Globular Pot and Cover. Chinese porcelain, ornamented with
flowering branches of the Chinese prunus (mei-hwa), in white
on a bright blue ground, divided into irregular polygons by
dark blue lines. H. 10^ in. 144.

Pair of Deep Bowls and Covers. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue in a formal pattern ; on the covers gilt figures of monsters
in relief, H. 10^ in., diam. 9 in. , 145.

Cylindrical Vase, for writing materials. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; a title and 46 columns of Chinese writing,
each containing 19 words. The title reads Shm choo tih hien
chin sung^ " An eulogy on the Emperors making choice .of
virtuous ministers." At the end the wrriter's name in a seal in
red under glaze; Mark of the period Kang-he,' 1661-1722.
(2.2.2.) H. 6^ in., diam. 8 in. [PI. 11. 14.]^ 146.

Cylindrical Vase, for vn*iting inaterials. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue. A garden scene by moonlight ; six men seated
at a table, and two attendants ; a third of the outside is covered
with a Chinese composition, in six columns. Mark, Wanchang
shan tow, "Scholarship lofty as the Hills and the Great
Bear." H. 5^ in. [Pl.V. 46.] 147.

These cylindrical vessels are employed by the Chinese to hold their
pencils or brushes and other implements for writing. As a specimen
of the style of the inscriptions to be found upon porcelain, it may b?
desirable to give a translation of that on this example, which has
been kindly ftirnished by Professor Douglas : — " Heaven and earth
** are the wilftil associates of creation, [just as] light and darkness
" are the passing guests of a hundred generations. Fleeting life
" is like a dream ; how long do we enjoy it ? It was this considera-
" tion which made men in olden times trim the midnight lamp
(literally, hold candles while the night sauntered on). And now,
Yang Chun invites us wit^ smoke to illuminate the world with

22 CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN,

" literature, to associate the fragrant gardens of the peach and the
" plum, and to talk of the happiness of a family gathering, and the
« eminent accomplishments of my younger brethren. All graciously
" join me, and as they chant and sing, I alone am ashamed ; as
** they become merry I in solitude rejoice. Before with loud talk they
have evolved plainly [their meaning] a scholar's feast is spread,
and, sitting amid ihe flowers, we pass the goblet quickly, and
driidc till we are drunken. When the moon is not in its splendour
how can one expatiate on it in ecstasy ? But if the verses are not
perfect we are fined the customary gold and the embarrassing

" wine."

Ink Apparatus. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue. It consists
of an oblong slab for rubbing Indian ink, with a hole at one
end for water ; over this fits a loose cover, the top of which is
decorated with one square and two circular compartments, con-
taining Arabic inscriptions to the following purport : " Strive
for excellence in penmanship, for it is one of the keys of liveli-
hood," and the Persian word "Writing-case." The spaces
are filled with formal scrolls. Mark of the period, Ching-tih,
1506-1522. (3.3.) L. 9| in., W. 5^ in. [PI. I. 9.] Wa.

Pen-best. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; oblong base from
which project five points diminishing in size from the central
one. Blue decoration of scrolls, with the Persian word
** Writing-case," divided into two panels. Mark of the period,
Ching-tih, 1506-1522. (3.3.) H. 4^ in., L. 9 in. [PI. I. 9.]

147*.

This specimen and the last are probably of the date with which thej
are inscribed ; they were recently obtained in Pekin, and have
therefore been probably made for a Chinese Mahomedan, not for
exportation.

LowEB Part of Nakghili. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; on the body four Chinese ladies, with trees between
them ; under the spout two rabbits. Mark in blue, I-^ew tang
chi. " Made at the I-yew Hall." H. 6 in. [PI. IV. 37.] 148.

Tall Ewer, with handle and straight spout. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ;*on the body two fanciful animals in an archaic
landscape ; above, a band with flowers ; grotesque figure on
spout; band of flowers on handle. Mark, a hare. H. 13^ in.
[PI. XIII. 165.] 149.

Ewer, with long straight spout. Chinese porcelajtn, painted in
blue ; on each side a fountain with a kylin at the base ; around
the circular foot a pattern of sea- waves ; various ornaments on
neck, handle, and spout. Mark, a white hare on a blue ground.
H. 12i in. [PL XIII. 165.] 150.

Ewer, with long spout and broad handle. Chinese porcelain,
painted in greyish blue with an archaic floral pattern. H.

Hi in- 151.

Ewer, with long spout and broad handle ; cover surmounted by a
ring to attach it to a loop on the handle. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; on each side a medallion enclosing a branch of

SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUB. 23

fruit ; the rest of the decorations fomial floral desigus. Mark,
in the seal character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795.
H. llfin. [PI. TIL 26.] . 151a.

Ewer, with long spout and cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; on each side a quatrefoil enclosing vases and symbols;
between them symbols, and above a seal character for Show
"Longevity-;" on the lid three symbols. H. 8 in. 152.

Ewer, with long spout and cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; on each side a leaf-shaped panel, enclosing a domestic
scene; on the cover two figures of boys. H. 8 in. 153.

Pair op Ewers, with covers. Chinese porcelain, of coarse paste,
painted in greyish blue j grotesque figures form the handles,
and there are scrolls in relief at the bases of the spouts ; on the
bodies a band of blue circles with white stars ; above which
rudely painted landscapes, and borders of various patterns. H.
12 in. 154.

Pair op Tall Cylindrical Mugs or Tankards. Chinese
porcelain, painted in blue. Chinese scenes ; on one a mandarin
with attendant holding a fan, and a boy carrying a load;
on the other, two figures and a landscape ; borders of a running
floral pattern. H. 8 in. 155.

Jug and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; on the
body four ladies in a landscape ; on the lid a boy ; old mounting
in metal gilt. H. 5^ in. 156.

Bowl, with slightly raised centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue; inside in the centre a lantern (?) round which are the
Chinese cyclical characters ; around a four-clawed dragon and
a phoenix ; border of small octagonal panels ; outside six small
medallions with rude figures, and trailing branches of flowers,
similar border to inside ; he\ow iha pa-kwa or mystical lines.
Mark of the Sung dynasty, period Yuen-fung, 1078-1086.
H. 2| in., diam. 7 in. [PI. I. 2.] 157.

Octagonal Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; inside
a medallion, with three Chinese figures in a landscape, and
a border consisting of eight groups of plants, birds, &c.; on the
outside eight panels with various scenes of Chinese life, and a
border similar to that of the inside. H. 6 in., diam. 9^ in.

158.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside a medallion
with rock and trees, one of them the bamboo ; outside Chinese
garden scene, viz., a lady coming out of a house, three other
ladies, one with candle. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-
1436. (3.3.) H. 3J in., diam. 7i in. [PL L 5.] 159.

Pair op Basins, with wavy edges, and twelve raised lobes towards
the lower part. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside a
medallion with a Chinese lady seated; outside, four single
panels, in each of which a lady seated, and four double panela

24 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED POKCELAIN.

with children playing ; on each lobe a large flower. Mark, Ki
yuh pao ting ehi chiuy " A gem among precious \cssels of rare
jade." H. 4^ in,, diam. 8^ in. [PJ, IV. 42.] 160.

Basin, fluted in eight compartments. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; on the outside, in each compartment, a lady in
a landscape ; inside a medallion with two boys, and a narrow
border. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465^1488. (3.3.)
H. 3 in., diam. 6 J in. [PI. I. 6.] 161.

Bowl, with wavy edge, and recessed lobes in the lower part.
Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; sprigs of flowers and flower
branches. Mark, a five-leaved flower. Diam. 5f in. [PL IX.
104.] 161a.

Pair of Bowls, with raised boss in the centre of each, and a band
round the outside, of a key pattern, deeply indented. Chinese
porcelain, painted in blue ; inside round the central bosses
eight symbols ; at the sides a figure carrying a basket of flowers
at the end of a pole, four times repeated ; outside four branches
of flowers. H. 3 in., diam. 7^ in. 162.

Pair of Fluted Bowls, with wavy edges. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; inside five detached flowers, and a border of
prunus flowers and symbols on a blue ground ; outside formal
pattern of flowers and symbols, alternating with standards;
blue borders. Mark engraved in the paste, the word Fuh^
" Happiness," enclosed in a gourd. H. 4 in., diam. 7i in.
[P1.VL75.] 163.

Basin\ Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside a medallion
with rock and flowers ; border of stiff* leaves and flowers ; out-
side four panels, two with groups of vases, &c., the other two
with rocks and flowers ; between them flowers, &c. Mark Fa,
" Prosperous." Mounted with two handles, in ormolu. H.
5 in., diam. 7| in. [PI. VI. 73.] 164.

Pair of Bowls on Feet. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on
the outside a running pattern of flowers and , leaves ; on the
feet a leafy design. H. 4J in., diam. 4^ in. 165.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside a medallion
containing rock and plants ; outside a Chinese landscape, with
four ladies, one of them holding a candle. Mark of the period
Yung-chinor, 1723-1736. (2.2.2.) H. 3 in., diam. 7* in.
[PI. II. 15.] ^166.

This is exactly the same design as No. 159, and appears quite as old.

Pair of Rice Bowls. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on
each the same design, viz., eight mythological figures, each •
riding on an animal, probably ambassadors with gifts. Mark,
in the seal character, of the period Kea-king, 1796-1821.
(2.2.2.) H. 2{ in., Diam. o| in. [PI. III. 28.] 167.

SECTION A.— -PAINTED IN BLUE. 25

Basin, Cover and Stand, with two pierced handles and a knob.
Chhiese porcelain, painted in blue; on the bowl and stand
Chinese ladies in a landscape ; on the cover musical instru-
ments, &c. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (3.3.)
Diam. 5^ in. and 8 in. [PL II. 14.] 168.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside a sage holding
a peach; outside, eight divinities, with the god of longevity
riding on a stork. Mark, Lin-yuh tang chi, " Made at the
Lin-yuh hall.'* H. ^ in., diam. 6^ in. [PI. IV. 40.] 168a.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; the decoi'ation con-
sists of detached sprigs of flowers. Mark, King-lien tang fang
ku chi, " Imitation of antiques made at the King-lien hall."
H. 3 in., diam. 6 in. [PL IV. 41.] 168^^.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside flowers grow-
ing out of rocks, and butterflies ; outside, rocks, plants, and
birds ; all coarsely painted. Mark, Shun-tih tang chL " Made
at the Shun-tih Hall." H. 4 in., diam. 7 in. I PL IV. 35.]

168c.

Saucer-shaped Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a
phoenix standing before rocks and flowers ; clouds on back of
edges. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.)
Diam. 12| in. [PL I. 5.] 169.

Saucer-shaped Dish, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; in the centre a medallion enclosing a fan-
shaped panel with the figure of a lady, and a plant growing out
of a vase, surrounded by eight symbols, the whole within a
border of openwork ; the sides are ornamented with eleven
triangular blue compartments, with white floral patterns ; on
the back six symbols. Mark, a flower. Diam. 15 in. [PL
VIII. 95.] 170.

Saucer Dish, the border recessed into twenty-four panels of various
widths. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a
Chinese subject ; on the border eight symbols divided by
flowers ; near the edge, flowers and leaves. Diam. lOf in.

171.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; vases, flowers,
tables, and other objects ; blue border. Mark, the shell symbol.
Diam. 11 in. [PL VII. 80.] 172.

Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; ^ve
medallions with Chinese landscapes ; between them the ground
has a floral pattern, raised under the glaze ; border of blue
quatrefoils ; brown edges. Diam. 11 in. 173.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain ; large flowers, moulded in
slight relief under the glaze ; in the centre a flower and
circle painted in blue ; blue quatrefoil border ; brown edge.
Diam. 8| in. 174.

26 GLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; a
basket containing (lowers ; border of quatrefoil pattern inter-
rupted by four compartments, with flowers ; on the outside,
branches of fruit. Mark in the seal character. Diam. 8^ in.
[PL VI. 77.] 175.

Two Saucer Dishes, the sides divided into nine lobes. Chinese
porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a grasshopper, rocks,
and flowers ; on each lobe rocks and plants ; on the outside
nine flower sprigs : brown edges. Diam. 9 in. 176.

Eight Saucer Dishes of fine quality, with wavy edges and
fourteen depressed foliations in the border. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; in the centre of each a varied Chinese subject,
probably scenes from the life of a philosopher ; in the foliations
are alternately a flower and a symbol ; border of detached sprigs ;
on the outside are detached sprigs on each foliation, above
which alternate flowers and symbols. Mark of the period
Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3. 3.) Diam. 8^ in. [PI. I. 6.]

177.

Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy edges and fourteen depressed folia-
tions in the border. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in
the centre Chinese figures, viz., a child between two ladies ; in
each foliation a rose ; border of detached sprigs ; on the out-
side detached flowers on each foliation, and seven symbols
placed alternately with a Chinese character, Mark of the
period Ching-hwa. 1465-1488. (3. 3.) Diam. 8^ in. [PI. I.
6.] 178.

Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy edges, and borders moulded in
sixteen flutes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
Chinese subjects, two figures on horseback pursuing a hare, one
of them is shooting with a bow and arrow, in the foreground a
dog; border of a stiff pattern, with eight symbols in the spaces ;
on the outside a flower sprig on each flute. Mark of the period
Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3. 3.) Diam. 7| in. [PI. I. 6.]

179.

Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy edges, and borders moulded in
sixteen flutes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
Chinese subjects, an archer on horseback shooting a rabbit, and
a lady on horseback, with a falcon on her wrist ; border of a
stiff pattern, with eight symbols in Ibe spaces ; on the outside
A flower sprig on each flute. Mark of the period Ching-hwa,
1465-1488. Diam. 7f in. [PI. I. 6.] 180.

Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy edges, and sixteen depressed folia-
tions in the holders. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the
centre Chinese figures ; a youth kneeling before a seated figure of
a sage ; in the foliations are alternately a flower and a symbol ;
border of eight compartments, containing flowers 5 on the outside

SECTION A. — ^PAINTED IN BLUE. 27

a symbol on the alternate foliations, and compartments containing
branches of fruit. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488.
(3.3.) Diam. ejin. [PI. I. 6.] 181.

Saucer Dish, with wavj edge and six double and twelve
single depressed foliations in the border. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue. In the centre a circular medallion, containing a
flower pattern ; in the foliations stiff flowers ; border of quatre-
foil diaper interrupted b^ six storks ; on the foliations outside,
stiff flowers. Mark, Tseu-shun mei-yuh tang chi. " Made at
the Tseu-shun Hall of beautiful jade." Diam. 8J in. [PI. IV.
32.] 181a.

Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy edges, with eight double and
eight single depressed foliations in the sides. Chinese porce-
lahi, painted in blue; in the centre detached flowers ; in the
single foliations a small flower, in the others a hypericum
flower ; border of flowering branches ; on the outside two small
flowers on each double foliation ; above flowering branches. Mark
of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3. 3.) Diam. 7^ in.
[PL I. 6.] 182.

Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy edges, with eight double and
eight single depressed foliations in the borders. Chinese porce-
lain, painted in blue ; in the centre detached flowers ; in the
single foliations a small flower, in the others a flower sprig;
border of flowering branches ; on the outside two flowers on the
alternate foliations ; above flowering branches. Mark of the
period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (3. 3.) Diam. 7^ in. [PI. II.
14.] 183.

«

Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy edges, with sixteen flutes in the
sides. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre a
Chinese subject, viz., two ladies and a flower pot ; border of
quatrefoil pattern, interrupted by four compartments contain-
ing flowers ; on the outside a sprig on each foliation. Mark
Ki yuh pcu) ting chi chin ** A gem among precious vessels of rai'e
jade." Diam. 7i in. [PL IV. 42.] 184.

Small Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a medallion, with a large flower, from which radiate eight com-
partments enclosing flowers ; running scroll border, beyond
which eight panels enclosing flowers. Mark, a symbol. Diam.
6Jin. [PL VII. 81.] 185.

Pair of Saucer Dishes, with edges indented in gadroons.
Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a medallion,
with plants growing out of rocks ^ the gadroons outlined in
blue and filled in with flowers. Mark, a flower. Diam. 6i in.
[PL VIII. 95.] 186.

V

28 CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

Pair OP Large Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue;
Chinese figures in a landscape, two ladies, a man and a boy, ia
front of a building. Mark of the period Yung-ching, 1723-
1736. (3. 3.) Diam. 7J in. [PL II. 15.] 187-

Large Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; Chinese
subject, viz., a landscape, with a gentleman riding and a lady
in a wheel-chair, with her attendants ; outside a lozenge border,
internipted by four panels, enclosing plants. Mark, in the seal
character, Jo shin chin tsang '* Deep like a treasury of gems.'*
Diam. 6i in. [PL VI. 70.] 188.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, coarsely painted in blue with
rude flowers. Mark Chin yuh, " Precious jade." Probably a
copy from a very ancient piece. Diam. 7^ in. [PI. V. 50.]

189.

Deep Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the
centre a large chara<;ter probably copied from ancient Sanscrit ;
border composed of three rows, repetitions of another character,
probably an imitation of Sanscrit ; on the outside the Chinese
word Su " Ti-anquillity " three times repeated. Mark indistinct,
in the seal character. Diam. 8 in. 190.

Deep Dish, with wavy edg;e. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
in the centre an eightfoil medallion, enclosing a Chinese lands-
cape, a hare, bird, trees, &c., round the side are eight large com-
partments divided by eight narrow ones ; in the former alter-
nately plants and emblems, and in the latter knots. Diam.
19i in. . 19i;

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in dark blue ; in the centre a
panel with eight points, with a grasshopper on rocks, from which
spring plants, the spaces around filled alternately with scale
work and fret pattern ; the border divided into sixteen com-
partments of unequal width, with instruments, flowers and
diapers ; on the outside a running floral scroll in blue. Mark
T^wew, "Complete." Diam., 8^ in. [PL V. 59.] ' 191^!

Pair of very Deep Dishes, with scalloped edges. Chinese
porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a circular medallion
with woman and child, from which proceed six lobes, alternately
decorated with a prunus-tree, and with two seated figures ; the
spaces between are filled with key and chevron pattern. D*iam.
, lOi in. 192]

Two Deep Dishes, with wavy edges. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue ; in the centre a large medallion, with a Chinese warrior
on horseback pursuing another, each attended by a standard
bearer; from this proceed six semicircular compartments, in
each of which a warrior and standard bearer ; the spaces between
are filled with chevron and key patterns ; outside six panels

SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 29

enclosing a quatrefoil design, and beyond these four growing
plants. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488, (3. 3.)
Diam. 13f in. [PI. L 6.] 193.

Dish, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the
centre a riiedallion with an archaic flower, surrounded by twelve
lobes with a growing plant in each, from this proceed twelve
similar lobes extending to the edge ; in the spaces quatrefoil
diaper. Mark, the leaf symbol. Diam. 15 in. [PI. YIII. 94.]

194.

Dish, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in pale blue ;
the centre filled with a minute running pattern of flowers ; on
the border eight detached flower branches. Mark of the period
Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3. 3.) Diam. 14^ in. [PI. I. 6.]

195.

Pair of Dishes, with narrow borders. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue ; a Chinese subject, viz., a house in which is a man
playing on a musical instrument, and a boy crouching before
him ; outside a garden with 'two ladies ; inner border of a
quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by four medallions enclosing
symbols; outer border, bamboo plants and flowers. Diam. 11^ in.

196.

Pair of Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the
centre a Chinese subject, a soldier taking a lady away, and an
old mandarin in the porch of a building ; narrow border of a
quatrefoU pattern, interrupted by four flowers and four panels
enclosing sjnmbols ; on the rim a broad border of a quatrefoil
pattern, interrupted by four medallions enclosing literary
emblems and plants; brown edges. Diam. 14 J in. 197.

Deep Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in pale blue ; in the centre
a tree of the finger citi:on and a bamboo ; round this a broad
band of six-foil pattern, interrupted by four medallions, en-
closing rolls and literary emblems ; from this spring four
branches of flowers, extending to the edge of dish ; on the
back four fungi. Diam. 17^ in. 198.

Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a vase
with flowers and emblems; on border floral pattern. Diam.
15|in. 199.

Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a scroll
of flowers on which is' placed a vase containing rolls, &c. ;
border of flowers growing out of symbols. Diam. 13^ in,

200.

Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre portions
of trees ; on the border four floral branches with fans, &c.
Diam. 13^ in. 201.

30 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED POBCELAIN.

Dish. Chinese porcelam, painted in blue ; in the centre a basket
of flowers within a framework ; narrow border of a qnatrefoil
pattern, interrupted by four medallions containing flowers ; on
the rim four patches of flowers, outer border of circles enclosing
lozenges. Diam. 13^ in. 202.

Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; a landscape with
Chinese house and balustrade ; irregular border. Diam. 14^ in.

203.

Octagonal Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a garden
with fir-tree and two storks ; brown edge. Diam. 12^ in. 204.

Two Dishes, with wavy edges, the sides having slightly
moulded lines forming two sets of irregular panels running in
opposite directions ; Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the
centre flowers growing out of rockwork ; in each panel of the
border a flower sprig. Diam. 10| in. 205.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centime a
Chinese interior with three ligures, two seated and one standing ;
border of a quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by six medallions
enclosing flowers ; on the outside two landscapes. Mark of the
period Ching-hwa, 1 465-1488. Diam. 10 J in. [PI. I. 6.]

206.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with Chinese
subjects ; in the centre a house with a lady and gentleman, two
boys outside; border of eight ladies in various attitudes; outside
detached flowers ; underneath, flowers drawn in outline forming
a circular patch. Diam. 10 in. 207.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with Chinese
subjects; in the centre a house with a lady and gentleman and
boys ; in the border eight .figures in a continuous landscape,
one of them reclining on a mat; outside detached flowers.
Diam. 10^- in. 208.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, with circular raised centres
painted in blue ; in the centre Chinese subject, six figures of
men in a building ; around this four flowering plants ; border
of Chinese figures in landscapes ; on the outside rich border of
flowers and scrolls. Diam. 8f in. 209.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a medallion with a stiffs pattern, enclosed in a broad band of
blue, ornamented with scale work and flowers ; outer border
of plants. Mark, a lozenge-shaped symbol, Diam. 9^ in.
[PI. VII. 84.] 210.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a singular flower with a palm branch on each side ; border of
large and strange flowers, including a passion flower. Mark, a
leaf. Diam. 10| in. [PI. VIII. 91.] 211.

SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 31

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre a
medallion containing ivy leaves, around it a broad band of
similar leaves ; border divided into twenty-four compartments,
with a flower in each. Mark in the seal character, indistinct.
Diam. 1 1 in. 212.

Three Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a large flower surrounded by leaves of a creeper, perhaps ivy ;
border of similar leaves. Mark in the seal character, indistinct.
Diam. 9| in. 213.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a chrysanthemum surrounded by a running floral pattern; border
of four half chrysanthemums and similar running pattern.
Mark, a lozenge-shaped symbol. Diam. lOf in. [Pl. VII. 83.]

214.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre a
branch in archaic style ; border of similar flowers. Mark in the
seal character, Pao, " Precious," or Shan-wangy ** Mountain
King." Diam. 10^ in. [PI. V. 62.] 216.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
two large chrysanthemums springing from a rock ; border of
rocks and flowers. Mark, a four-legged vase. Diam. 10 in.
[PI. IX. 112.] 216.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre a
medallion enclosing a flower, out of which grow four flowering
plants, extending over the border. Mark, a lozenge-shaped
symbol. Diam. 10^ in. [PI. VH. 82.] 217.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a
medallion with formal pattern, from which spring three rocks
with flowers extending over the border ; brown edge. Diam.
lO'i in. 218.

Four Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a
basket of flowers; border with four plants growing out of rocks,
having floral sprigs between them. Mark, a four-legged vase.
Diam. 10 in., lOf in. [PL IX. 112.] 219.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a basket of flowers ; border with four plants growing out of
rocks and filling all the space. Mark, a four-legged vase.
Diam. 10 in. [PI. IX. 1 12.] 220.

Four Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a basket of flowers ; border with four plants growing out of
rocks and floral sprigs between them. Diam. 11^ in., 10:^
in. 221.

A 167. ^

32 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a plain basket of flowers ; border four groups of small
flowers. Mark in the seal character. Diam. lOJ^ in. pPl. VI.
76.] 222.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a
large basket of flowers ; on the border branches of prunus.
Mark, the symbol of two fishes. Diam. 8^ in. [PI. YII. 86.]

223.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre a
running pattern of flowers, surrounded bj a band of quatrefoil
pattern, interrupted by four medallions enclosing flowers ; border
of scroll work. Mark, the sjrmbol of two fishes. Diam. 8^ in.
[PI. VII. 87.] 223a.

Plate. Chinese' porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a
formal pattern of flowers, within a narrow edging ; border of
flower branches. Mark, a leaf. Diam. 10| in. [PI. VIII. 91.]

224.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre
flowers growing out of rocks; border of flower branches.
Diam. 1^ in. 225.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a small flower in a medallion, surrounded by other flowers ;
border four floral branches ; brown edges. Diam. lOf in. 226,

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
groups of vases, &c. ; border of bamboo leaves and stem ; brown
edges. Diam. 11 in. 227.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre portion
of a screen, or railing, and flowers ; border of bamboo leaves and
stems ; brown edges. Diam. lOJ in. 228.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre a
bamboo and two plants ; border of a denticulated pattern.
Diam. 10| in. 229.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
two men on horseback in a landscape ; border four branches
of flowers, and narrow outer border ; brown edges. Diam.
1 1 in. 230.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; across it a scroll on
which are represented vases, &c. ; the ground filled in with
formal flowers ; narrow border ; brown edge. Diam. 1 1 in.

231.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a tall
bamboo and two chrysanthemum flowers, surrounded by four
symbols ; border of circles containing lozenges. Diam. 11 in.

232.

SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 33

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre flowers
growing out of rocks ; quatrefoil border interrupted by flowers.
Diam. 11 in. 233.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a vase and flowers ; narrow border of a quatrefoil pattern and
flowers, interrupted by four compartments containing flowers ;
outer border of flowers and symbols combined ; blue band next
rim; brown edges. Diam. 11 in. 234.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, with wavy edge, painted in greyish
blue ; in the centre plants growing out of rocks ; border eight
projecting lobes, enclosing stiflp flowers, and relieved by a ground
of scrolls. Diam. 10^ in. 285.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre plants
growing out of rocks ; inner border of quatrefoil diaper, inter-
rupted by six medallions with flowers ; beyond three branches
of flowers, and outside a quatrefoil edge. Diam. 10 J. 236.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a
panel enclosing bamboo stems and peonies ; border of flowering
branches, quatrefoil edging next to the rim ; brown edge.
Diam. 11. 237.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre an old

. tree, with a bird, and a pot of flowers ; two narrow borders of

a quatrefoil pattern. Diam. 10;} in. 238.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre a
large medallion, enclosing a Chinese subject, a man with animals
sitting under a bamboo ; two narrow borders of a quatrefoil
pattern. Diam. 11 in. 239.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a
circular pattern composed of a large flower with scroll-like
leaves ; narrow quatrefoil border. Diam. 1 1^ in. 240.

Two Plates, octagonal. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; an
eight-foil star, with flower in centre, and a lotus flower painted
on each foil ; border of herring-bone pattern. Diam. 9 in.

241.

TVo Soup Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the
centre a peony plant and bird ; inner border of six-foil pattern,
interrupted by four medallions enclosing fish ; outer border of
plants and aquatic birds ; brown edge. Diam. 8f in. 242.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre small
medallion with growing plants, surrounded by a double border
and twelve compartments containing plants ; border formed of
twelve similar compartments. Mark, the pearl symbol. Diam.
B^in. [PI. VII. 79.] 242a.

D 2

34 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

Pl^tx. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a dragon, Tvith the
head rising from the sea, before it a fish ; border of a wave
pattern; at the back four sjmbols. Mark, the knot symbol.
Diam. 8^ in. [PI. IX. 107.] 242^.

Paib of Plates, with band of openwork round the sides. Chinese
porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a six foil pattern with
flowers ; on the rims three flower branches, and thi*ee medallioas
enclosing flowers ; outside three symbols. Mark, a ting or three-
legged vase. Diam., 6^ in. [PI. IX. 110.] 242c.

Small Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
a landscape with two deer, a grotesque monkey climbing a tree,
and holding a stick, with which it is apparently striking a bee's-
nest; border of hexagons, interrupted by four medallions en-
closing fruit. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488.
Diam. 5^ in. [PL I. 6.] 242cf.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre
u flsh in a stormy sea with clouds above ; on the border the
seal character, Fuh^ '^ Happiness," eight times repeated ; on the
back eight symbols. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-
1488. Diam. 6J in. [PI. I. 6.] 243.

CntcuLAB Stand on tall Foot. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; round the rim an interlacing pattern ; on the foot is repre-
sented the sea, a flsh, and a five-clawed dragon. Mark of the
period Keen-lung, 1736-1795, in the seal character, written m
a hoiizontal line. H. 7^ in., diam. 9 in. [PI. III. 26."] 244.

Flat Stand on circular Foot. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; in the centre an hexagonal medallion with flower, from
which spring twelve compartments containing alternately a
diaper and a flower or vase ; outer border of white prunus
flowers on a blue ground. H. 2| in., diam. 6f in. 245.

Pair of Strainers, in the Ibrm of a seven-pointed star, on three
feet. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue. Diam. 8 in. 246.

Tazza-shaped Salt Cellar, fluted. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; in the bowl a bird ; border of trailing flowers.
H 2\ in., diam. 4^ in. 247.

Tazza-shaped Salt Cellar, moulded in gadroons. Chinese
porcelain, painted in blue, with leaves and flowers. H. 2\ in.,
diam. 4^ in. 248.

Two Tazza-shaped Salt Cellars, with scalloped edges.
Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with flowers. H. 2 in., diam.
3|in. 249.

Tazza-shaped Salt Cellar. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; in the bowl, vase, books, &c. ; outside, flowers. H. 2^
in., diam. 3 in. 250.

SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 35

Two Hexagonal Salt Cellars, with pierced panels at the
sides, and three feet. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; two
cocks and flowers. H. 2^ in., diam. 3^ in. 251.

Two Cups. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; six medal-
lions, enclosing flowers, with basket work in low relief between
them ; blue border ; round the foot lobes enclosing clouds ; in-
side fungi. Diam. 3^ in. 252.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain (unusually thin), painted
in blue ; in the centre of the saucer a medallion with a flower,
around which a double range of twelve panels, each enclosing
similar sprigs ; same decoration on cup. Diam. 3J in., 5 in.

253.

Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; two ladies and two
trees. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.) Diam.
2f in. [PI. I. 5.] 254.

Cup and Sauoeb. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; Chinese
lady seated and boy ; borders of symbols. Mark of the period
Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.) Diam. 2^ in., 4 in. [PL I.
7.] 255.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with
flowers. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.)
Diam. 2J in., 3J in. [PI. I. 7.] 266.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; figure of
a lady and boy; blue borders; inside the cup a landscape.
Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.) Diam. 2{
in., 4 in. [PI. I. 7.J 257.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; on the
cup fishes and water plants ; on the saucer flowers. Mark of
the period Kea-tsing, 1522-1567. Diam. 2| in. [PI. I. 10.]

258.

Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; two ladies, a willow
tree, and a flower-pot. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661-
1722. (3.3.) Diam. 2^ in. [PI. II. 14.] 259.

Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; with three dragons,
each bent into a circular form. Mark, Yuhy ** Jade." Diam.
2iin. [PL V. 55.] 260.

Cup. Thin Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; water plants and
ducks. Mark, Wan t/uhy <* Rare jade." Diam. 2^ in. [PI. V.
49.] 261.

Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
four pairs of ladies, with a plant between them. Four diflerent
marks in Chinese characters, viz., jKwoA, " National ; " Shina^
" Holy ; " Skau), « Longevity ; " apd Shun, '' Elegant," [PL V.
51,54,58,60.] 262.

36 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED FOBOELAlN.

8auc£U. ChLuese porcelain, paiuted in blue; with figures of
Chiuese warriors; one of them on horseback carrTing off a
lady. Mark, A^Awn, « Elegant." Diam,4in. [PL V. 51.] 263.

Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; Chinese figures ;
one of them a warrior canying off a ladj. Mark, K»A, '^ Jade."
Diam. 3J in. [PI. V. 55.] 264.

Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre a hoy
at a table, around which four figures on horseback engaged in
the chase. Mark, Ki-yuh tang chi, '^ Made at the Ki-yuh Hall."
Diam. 4| in. [PI. IV. 39.] 265.

Saucer or DiMiNUTiyE Plate, with scalloped edge. Chinese
porcelain, painted in blue ; formal patterns ; four symbols at the
back. Mark, Ki-yuh tang chiy ** Made at the Ki-yuh Hall."
Diam. ^ in. [PL IV. 39.] 266.

Two Saucers, with raised sockets. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue ; lady seated and boy dancing ; blue border of lozenge
pattern, interrupted by four medallions of flowers. Mai'k, Ki
chinjoo yuky " A jem rare as jade." Diam. 4 in. [PL V. 45.]

267.

Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; lady seated, and
boy dancing ; border of lozenge pattern, interrupted by four
medallions of flowers. Mark, Ki chinjoo yuh^ *^ A jem rare as
jade." [PLV. 45.] 267a.

Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; an eight-leaved
flower with figures of ladies and plants placed alternately on the
petals ; at the back four symbols. Mark, Luh^ " Prosperity."
Diam. 4 in. [PL V. b2:\ 268.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, with flutes in relief, painted
in blue ; four compartments, in two of which fighting cocks,
and in the other two flowers. Mark in the seal character.
Diam. 2| in., 4J in. [PL V. 63.] 269.

Pair op Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue;
with six embossed lobes, each ornamented with a fish ; border
of quatrefoil pattern. Diam. 2J in., A\ in. 270.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a phoBniz
and flowers. Mark on cup in the seal character. Diam. 3 in.,
4i in. 271.

Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; Chinese figures, a man
and a woman in boat, and two men at a feast ; inside, a pair of
fish. Diam. 2\ in. 272.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, paiuted in blue; four
pendent ornaments with flowers between ; on the back of the
saucer fom* symbols. Mark on cup, Hing "Exalted" (?); on
saucer, Ku^ " Antique." Diam. 2 in., 3| in. [PL V. 53, 57.]

272a.

SECTION A.— PAINTED IN BLUE. 37

Cup and Saucee. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; two Chi-
nese figures and a stag. Diam. 2^ in., 3| in. 273.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; two
ladies on a terrace, a man in a house playing on the kin, in the
sky constellations. Diam. 2| in. 274.

Cup and Saucer, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, painted
in dark blue; radiating pattern of eight aster-like plants, Diam.
3 in., 4| in. 274a.

Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; two phoenixes; the
ground covered with flowers and scrolls. Mark of the period
Yung-ching, 1723-1736. Diam. 3^ in. [PI. II. 15.] 275.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; inside
flowers and insects ; the outside plain blue, engraved with
branches of fruit and birds, probably added in Europe. Diam.
2J in., 4i in. 276.

Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, of a dead white, painted in
blue ; two quails and a flowering tree ; indented edge gilt.
Diam. 4 J in. 277.

Cup. Chinese porcelain, of a quatrefoil form ; on the exterior,
on each side, a branch with leaves and flowers in high relief;
inside, around rim, a band of blue with quatrefoils ; in the
bottom a butterfly in blue. H. 1^ in. ; diam. 2| in., 2^ in.

278.

Quadrangular Seal. Chinese porcelain; a circular device of
cypher unglazed; the top and sides painted in blue, with
archaic floral pattern. H. 1| in., W. 1 in. 279.

Section B. — Painted in Blue with other Colours

UNDER THE GlAZB.

Vase, six-sided, of a barrel shape. Chinese porcelain, witk orna-
ments in low relief on a deep buff ground, consisting of vases,
weapons, &c., picked out in blue and dark brown under the
glaze. Mark, in blue, of the period Hung- woo, 1368-1399.
(2.2.) H. 8J in. [PI. I. 3.] 280.

Bottle, with straight neck and globular body ; designs in
very low relief. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, greenish
yellow, and brown, all under glaze ; on the body and upper
part of neck Chinese landscapes ; on the lower part of neck
two flowering branches. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-
1436. (3.3.) H. 15\ in. [PI. I. 5.] 281.

Vase, gourd-shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and deep
red under the glaze ; a goddess, perhaps Si Wang Mu, appearing
in clouds, and below a man in a devout attitude. Mark, in the
seal character, of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. H. 12 J in.
[PI. I. 5.] 282.

38 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

Yaae AND CovEB. Chinese porcelain, celadon green, painted in
blue and maroon; a bamboo, flowering plants, and insects.
H. 7\ in. 283.

Beaker, with swelling body. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue, liver colour, and maroon, under the glaze ; eight horses,
trees, rocks, &c. H. 17 J in. 284.

These aie evidently the eight fiemiiouB hones of the monarch Mob
Wang of the Chow dynasty.

Vase, with two handles in the form of elephants' heads. Chinese
porcelain ; sea-green ground; with broad band of red flowers
under the glaze, bordered with blue patterns. Mark, in the
seal character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. H. 12} in.
[PL in. 26.] 285.

Bottle, cylindrical, with bulbous neck. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; two panels enclosing baskets of flowers ; band
of dark nankin yellow round neck. H. 7f in. 286.

Pair of Bottles, with narrow necks (sprinklers). Chinese
porcelain, dark buff; with three medallions of chrysanthemum
flowers painted in blue. H. 8 in. 287.

Bottle, with bulbous neck. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue
and maroon under glaze ; flowers, and a branch of the prunus,
on which is perched a bird. H. 7| in. 288.

Pair op Bottles, with narrow necks. Chinese porcelain, ^inted
with three monsters in liver colour, with blue eyes, all under
glaze. H. 7i in. 289.

Pair of Bottles, of a gourd shape, contracted in the middle.
Chinese porcelain ; the upper part painted in blue, with vases,
flowers, &c. ; the lower part with a broad band of deep nankin
colour. H. 6 J in. 290.

Jug and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, red, and
lemon colour, all under glaze ; on the body flowers growing out
of rocks, and above straight sprigs ; on the cover a flower.
Mounted in silver. Mark, Chin wan^ ** Precious rarity.*' H. 54 in
[PL V. 48.] Igi!

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, on which is painted a lion in
clouds, playing with a pearl, from which seems to proceed a
long scroll; all in blue except part of the hair of the lion, which
is brown under glaze; bottom unglazed. Diam. 11 in. 292.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and maroon
under the glaze. A di'agon with four claws, playing with a
pearl, in clouds ; the tail of the dragon extending over the edge ;
bottom unglazed. Diara. ll^in, 292a,

SECT. B.~PATNTED IN BLUE, ETC. UNDER THE GLAZE. 39

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue with a yellow
ground ; in the centre a medallion enclosing a formal flower
with leaves ; outside a running pattern of large flowers. Mark
of the period Seuen-tih, 1427-1436. (3.3.) Diam. 8 in. 293.

In the history of Eing-te-chin (p. 200) are mentioned vases of the
Seuen-tih period, with flowers on a yellow ground.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, with two flowers growing out
of rocks, slightly raised, and painted blue ; ground covered with
a deep nankin glaze. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 146o-
1488. (3.3.) Diam. 8 in. [PI. I. 6.J 294.

Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue with
nankin yellow backs ; in the centre a flower ; narrow border of
diagonal lines. Mark, a circle enclosing a formal flower. Diam.
8| in. [PI. IX. 103.] 295.

Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with
nankin yellow backs ; in the centre a formal flower surrounded
by a stiif pattern. Mark, a leaf symbol. Diam. 8^ in. [PI.
VIII. 94.] 296.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with nankin
yellow back ; in the centre a formal flower surrounded by a stiff
pattern. Mark, a fungus. Diam. 8^ in. [PI, VIII. 97.] 297.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with nankin
yellow back ; in the centre a formal flower surrounded by
a stiff pattern. Mark, a lozenge- shaped symbol. Diam. 8^ in.
[PI. 'VII. 82.] 298.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain ; within are branches of flowers
painted in blue ; the outside with a bright brown glaze. Mark,
the symbol of two fishes. Diam. 8 in. [PI. VII. 85.] 299.

Pair of Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain; the outsides
coated with a brown glaze ; the insides with sprigs and flowers
painted in dark blue. Diam. 3 in., 4J in. 300.

Pair of Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue
with cmbs, fishes, and water plants ; the insides of the cups and
under edge of the saucers of a pale celadon green. Mark, an
insect. Diam, 3 in., 4^ in. [PI. IX. 108.] 301.

Section C. — Painted in Colours over the Glaze.

The specimens included under this head are decorated
with colours painted on after the glazing has been com-
pleted, and burnt in at a lower temperature, though occa-
sionally we find portions of the decoration which have been
previously executed in blue or other colours under the
glaze.

40 CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED POliCELAlN.

It would be endless to describe all the varieties of style
which this kind of porcelain presents. It will be sufficient
to notice the principal classes into which it has been divided
by M. Jacquemart (Hist, de la C^rainique, 1875, p. 70),
although he includes specimens which appear to me Japa-
nese, and omits others unquestionably Chinese.

I. Famille chrysanthemo-poeonienne, so called from the
prevalence of the flowers of the chrysanthemum and peony.
A rich style, somewhat archaic, the pieces often massive.
Most of the specimens, however, thus classed appear to me
to be Japanese, notwithstanding that some of them bear
Chinese dates. A very few specimens, for instance,
Nos. 376-383, are probably Chinese copies from Japanese,
perhaps made to order for the European market. Some
persons may even doubt whether these are not also Japanese,
but the following reasons have led to their present classifi-
cation : — Firstly, the absence of the spur marks, generally
to be seen on Japanese specimens ; secondly, the presence
of factory marks or symbols known to be Chinese ; and
thirdly (on one of them), flowers painted in a distinctly
Chinese style.

II. Famille verte, — This is the " green enamel " of collec-
tors, and owes its name to the prevalence of a brilliant green,
generally laid on in thick patches. The painted porcelain
of the Ming dynasty is chiefly in this stj^le, but it seems
to have continued later, especially during the period Kang-
he (1661-1722).

III. Famille rose, — A porcelain distinguished by a totally
different tone of colouring, and generally more modem than
the last. There is a prevalence of half tints and broken
colours, and a beautiful ruby colour, derived from gold,
makes its appearance.

In this class should be included the delicate egg-sheU
plates, with ruby backs, most of which, however, M. Jacque-
mart has, on very slender grounds, classed as Japanese.
The subjects, costumes, and details are completely Chinese,
and do not in any way resemble other known Japanese
works of art. Moreover egg-shell is said not to have been
made in Japan before 1800 to 1820. This beautiful ware
is probably not anterior to the last century ; one specimen
in the collection is dated 1721, and another bears the mark
of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736.

To this class also belong the fine and delicate vases]which
M. Jacquemart terms Mandarin vases, and which by a
strange chain of reasoning he attributes to Japan. They
bear Chinese figures and groups, subjects which would be
quite out of place in Japan. This error is partly a conse-

SECT. C. — ^PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 41

quence of attributing the egg-shell plates above-mentioned
to Japan, as similar rich diapers occur on both. It is
probable that the bulk of this porcelain was made for the
European market.

Female Figueb, probably Ho Seen-koo, one of the eight im-
mortals, standing, in rich attire. Chinese porcelain, enamelled
in colours ; on her pink mantle are branches of pomegranate ;
she holds in her left hand a peach. H. 10^ in. 301a.

Figure of Han Chung-le, one of the eight immortals, standing.
Chinese porcelain. He is represented as an old man with a
long white beard, a yellow robe, on which are repeated various
forms of the character ShoWy " Longevity,*' and holds in his
right hand a peach ; oval green pedestal with waves in relief.
H. 8i in. 302.

Figure of one of the eight immortals, standing ; Chinese porce-
lain ; horns on his head ; a blue robe, and a fly^flap in his hand ;
oval green pedestal with waves in relief. H. S\ in. 303.

Figure of Le Tee-kwae, one of the eight immortals, standing.
Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; his right foot is raised,
and rests on a crutch ; in his left hand he holds a vase ; red
trowsers and a dark-green dress with white prunus flower ; the
pedestal has waves in relief. H. 9 in. 303a.

Figure of Chang Ko-laou, one of the eight immortals, as an old
man, seated, with a long white beard. Chinese porcelain. He
wears a green robe, on which are Chinese characters, and holds
a roll in his right hand ; hexagonal pedestal with green diaper in
front and a symbol behind. H. 6 in. 304.

Figure of one of the eight immortals, probably Han Chung-le,
seated. Chinese porcelain. He has a long white beard ; a green
robe ornamented with flowers; on the back of which is the
character ShoWy "Longevity;" hexagonal pedestal with a
panel enclosing flowers in front, and a pearl symbol between
two flowers behind. H. 6 in. 305.

Two Figures of Han Chung-le, one of the eight immortals, seated.
Chinese porcelain. They have a long black beard, and horn-like
tufts on the head ; and wear lilac robes with bunches of
peaches, and hold in their right hands peaches; hexagonal
pedestals, with green and yellow diaper ; at the back, a symbol.
H. 6 in. 306.

Figure of Han Seang-tsze, one of the eight immortals, seated.
Chinese porcelain. He is beardless, and has horn-like tufts on
the head, and wears a pink robe ornamented with flowers ; he
holds a flute in his right hand ; hexagonal pedestal, with green
and yellow diaper. H. 3f in. 307.

Figure of Lan Tsae-ho, one of the eight immortals, seated.
Chinese porcelain. He wears a green robe with flowers, and
holds a vessel for flowers in his left hand ; hexagonal pedestal,
with a flower in front and a symbol at back. H. 5| in. 308.

42 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

Figure of Chang Eo-laou, one of the eight immortals^ seated.
Chinese porcelmn. He wears a black cap, and a green robe with
clouds in yellow and purple ; he holds in his left hand a bamboo
tabor; hexagonal pedestal, in fix>nt of which is the Chinese
seal character Show, " Longevity." H; 6J in. 309.

Figure of a sea eagle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ;
the head bent forward, the wings raised. H. 9^ in. 310.

Figure of a stork resting on a rock. Chinese porcelain; painted
in black and white ; green beak and legs. H. 17^ in. 311.

Fair of Figures of hawks. Chinese porcelain, shaded in brown
with green eyes and gilt beaks, resting on rocks streaked blue,
grey, &c. H. 11 in. 312.

Pair of Figures of cocks. Chinese porcelain; yellow bodies,
brown wings, black tails, and red crests and wattles, resting on
brown rocks. H. 13^ in. 313.

Vase, with cylindrical neck and a quadrangular body tapering
downwards. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on the neck
plants growing out of rocks on a grey ground ; on the shoulder
formal flowers on a yellow ground; on each side of the body
are plants in colours on a black ground, three of them growing
from rocks, the other from water. Mark of the period Ching-
hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) H. 18^ in. [PI. I. 6.] 314.

Large Vase, beaker-shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted with
plants of the prunus (mei-hwa) in its natural colours, springing
out of green rocks ; among them are yellow birds ; the whole
is relieved by a briUiant black ground. Mark of the period
Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (2.2.2.) II. 27 in. [PI. I. 6.] 315.

Large Jar and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ;
the surfiwe of the vase is divided into eight panels by white
lines, each of which encloses a floral design on a black ground ;
round the lower part a denticulated pattern, enclosing a white
flower. H. 25 in. 316.

Large Jar and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in brilliant
colours with a black ground ; peonies, guelder roses, and other
plants gi'owing out of rocks, on which are birds. H. 26 in.

317.

Pair of Vases and Covers. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours, with a black enamelled ground; rocks with plants
growing out of them, among which is conspicuous the prunus,
or mei-hwa, and peouies. H. 10 in. 318.

Pair of Beakers, with swelling centres. Chinese porcelain,
painted in colours, with a black enamelled ground ; rocks with
plants growing out of them, among which the prunus, or mei-
hwa, and peonies. H. 9 in. 319,

SECT. C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 43

Pair of Six-sided Jabs, with covers. Chinese porcelain, painted
in colours with a black enamelled ground ; on each side is a
plant of the prunus, or mei-hwa. H. 12^ in. 320.

Oviform Vase, with narrow neck. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours with a black enamelled ground ; six dragons of various
hues; borders of key pattern. H. 9^ in. 321.

Bottle, with wide neck. Chinese porcelain, painted in green,
yellow, and maroon, with black outlines ; on the body the waves
of the sea, interspersed with flowers and symbols, on which
are three irregular medallions enclosing four- clawed dragons ;
on the neck the Pa-sien or eight immortals on clouds ; at the
junction of the body and neck are a green and a yellow dragon
in full relief. H. 14 in. [Plates D-G.] 322.

Vase, beaker-shaped, of quadrangular section with projecting
centre, on which are four masks in relief, once containing rings.
Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly blue, red, and
green; the designs are five-clawed dragons and phoenixes,
interspersed with flowers and leaves ; on the upper edge is
the mark of the period Wan-leih, 1573-1620, written in a
horizontal line. H. 18^ in. [PI. I. 12.] 323.

Vase, beaker-shaped, of quadrangular section, with figures and
ornaments in relief. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on
each side are mythological figures attended by children ; on
the shoulder four medallions enclosing symbols on a rich
diapered ground; on the neck groups of vases in relief and
painted symbols. H. 22J in. 324.

Pair of Vases, beaker-shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours ; on the upper part historical scenes ; in one of them a
figure kneeling before an emperor, accompanied by an inscrip-
tion in ten Chinese words somewhat illegible, but referring to
presents conferred on the official who is represented kneeling ;
below these are two bands, the upper one painted with fruity
and the lower one with flowers. H. 18| in. 325.

Vase and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours chiefly
green and yellow on a maroon ground ; the designs consist of
rocks and various symbols several times repeated ; the maroon
ground is covered with scrolls as though to represent waves or
clouds. H. 15^ in. 326.

Jar. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a Chinese ceremonial
scene ; on the upper part a border with a floral pattern. Mark,
a hare or rabbit, outlined in black and coloured a pale yellow.
H. 9 in. [PI. VII. 89.] 327.

Vase and Cover, of a quadrangular section, with an indentation
at each angle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild-
ing ; on the two principal panels, monsters and birds ; on the

44 CLASS IV-. — CHIHEPE PAINTED POUCELAIN. .

Other two plants growing ont of rocks, nnd birds ; t'wo
borders of diaper work, interrupted by four medalliona ea-
dosing symbols ; on neck and cover symbols. H. 12} in.

328.

Pais of Vases, of quadrangular section, witli an indentation at
each angle ; two handles. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding ; on the body, two paaels with monsters, 8k. ; two
other panels with plants growing out of rocka, and birds ; on
the neck two flowering branches; three borders of diaper work
interrupted by medallions contsinicg symbols. H. llj in.

329.

Palb of Vasss, of a qnatrefoil section. Chinese porcelain,
painted in colours ; the body divided into four panels, alternately
a kylin, and plants growing out of rocks; green and yellow
borders ; on the neck are flowers aud two lions' heads in relief
through which rings have been passed. H. 10^ in. 330.

Vase, with cylindrical body. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ;
a landscape, in which is a man riding, with an attendant
carrying a load, and a peasant drawing a lady in a wheel-
chair ; on the shoulder a border of green diaper with red
flowers, interrupted by four medallions enclosing the Chinese
character, Show, " Longevity " ; on the neck bamboo plants.
H. ISJ in. 331.

Vase, with cylindrical body and narrow neck. Chinese porcelain,
covered on the outside with mazarine blue, ou which are
paintings in colours with gilding; flowering plants growing
out of rocks, and two pheasants ; on the shoulder a band of
hexagonal pattern interrupted by four medallions; on the neck
a running scroll of flowers. H. 17J in. 332.

Bottle, with long neck. Chinese porcelain; four qnatrefoil
medallions ou the body, enclosing designs painted in colours
and gold, viz., plants, vases, symbols, Ac, ; the rest of the
bottle covered with mazarine blue, with some remains of
gilding round neck. H. 11^ in. 333^

Bottle, with long neck. Chinese porcelain ; on the body three
quatrefoil medallions, enclosing plants growing out of rocks -
pointed in colours ; the rest of the bottle covered with masarine
blue. H. 11 J in. 334_

Jab. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and colours ; a phcenix
resting beneath a rock, from which spring various flowers
including a magnoUa; the ground partially washed with blue*
H. U in. 335;

Beakek, vrith swelling centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue
and colours ; on the upper part plants growing out of rocks,
among which is a magnolia ; on the lower a bird on a rock
from which plants are growing ; the ground partially washed
with blue to relieve the colour of the flowers, H. 12| in. 336.

SECT. C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 45

Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a scaly pat-
tern in green and white, intended to represent the sea, on
which are red and blue [fishes and sea weeds ; on the neck
borders in various patterns ; bottom unglazed. H. 6^ in. 337.

Three Bottle-shaped Vases, with bulbous necks. Chinese
porcelain, covered with parallel bands, painted in salmon colour,
with red outlines, and arranged diagonally; on the bulbous
portions of the necks are chrysanthemum flowers in gold. H.
9i in., 9 in. 337a.

A similar specimen is engraved in Marryat (1868), p. 278.

Globular Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours over a
blue outline ; on the body five circular [medallions, each con-
sisting of a five-clawed dragon ; on the upper part eight
symbols ; around the bottom a border of green and yellow
flutes. Mark of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. (3.3.)
H. 9i in. [PI. II. 15.] 338.

Square Vase, beaker-shaped, with one handle, copied from bronze.
Chinese porcelain ; ornaments in low relief, over which in
higher relief ai-e dragons of various colours ; a group of these
forms the handle ; the inside and under part painted a pale
green. Mark, in red, in the seal character, of the period Keen-
lung, 1736-1795. (2.2.) H. 4^ in. [PI. in. 27.] 339.

Cylindrical Vessel, to hold writing materials. Chinese
porcelain, painted in colom's ; two medallions on a brick-red
ground with gold scroll work. In the medallions Chinese
subjects ; in one a boy bringing a manuscript roll to an old
man ; in the other the same boy holding up with a pole the
end of the roll, which is being explained by the old man to a
younger personage. Inside and bottom coloured light green.
Mark, in rod, in the seal character, of the period Keen-lung,
1736-1795. H. 5^ in., diam. 5 in. [PI. III. 26.] 340.

Globular Vase or Bowl, on high circular foot. Chinese
porcelain ; on the body two five-clawed dragons, painted in green
with black outlines, between which a pearl with flames in red and
gold ; on the foot the waves of the sea painted in green. Mark,
in red, of the period Heen-fung, 1851-1862, written in a hori-
zontal line. H. 8^ in. [PL II. 19.] 341.

Pair op Mugs, with globular bodies and cylindrical necks ;
handles with dolphins' heads. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours ; round the base of the cylindrical part is a narrow red
band with small circles enclosing five leaved flowers, from which
spring branches of flowers above, and aquatic plants below.
H. 3| in. 342.

Jug and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding ; branch of a tree with black leaves and red flowers, on
which is perched a bird watching an insect ; on the lid two sprigs
of flowers. H. 5^ in. 343.

46 CLASS IV. — GHINESK PAINTED POROELAIN.

CAin>LE8TiCK, in the shape of a vase, with a straight narrow
neck resting on a wide base. Chinese porcelain, decorated in
bright red with formal designs, somewhat of a bronze pattern,
H. 9 in. 344.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours; inside a small
landscape, and a border of diaper work intemipted by four
medallions enclosing literary emblems ; outside a Chinese scene :
a landscape with a building, in which are two ladies ; at the
entrance a man looking back to the sun ; peculiar red clouds.
Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 142&-1436. (3.3.) H. 3J in.,
diam. 7i in. [PL I. 5.] 345.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding; inside
a small landscape and a border of diaper with chrysanthemums,
interrupted by four medallions enclosing symbols ; outside a
river scene, two grotesque figures of men, one carrying a basket
the other looking into one ; peculiar red clouds. H. 3^ in,,
diam. 7^ in. 346.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; inside a medallion
enclosing plants growing from rocks, and a border of the same
design ; outside a vine growing from rocks, and two squirrels, a
bamboo, and a red flower springing from a rock. Mark of the
period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) H. 4 in., diam, 8^ in.
[PI. I. 6.] 347.

Bowl. Chinese porcelaui, painted in colours, chiefly red and
green ; inside a cinquefoil enclosing a monster ; outside half
panels with similar animals; the ground a six foil diaper in
red. H. 4^ in., diam. 9J in. 348.

Shallow Bowl. Chinese porcelain ; in the inside is a circular
medallion with a stork amid clouds, painted in a dark blue ;
round this a broad band of pale green, over which is a running
pattern in gold consisting of flowers and scrolls ; outside two
branches of flowers with a bird on each, painted in dark blue.
Mark, a coin inscribed, Chang ming Juh kwei: "Long life,
riches, and honour." IT. 2 in., diam. 5J in. [PI. VI. 74.]

349.

Hexagonal Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding ; on each side an interior with a Chinese lady seated,
each differently occupied ; inside two male ligures ; broad dia-
pered border interrupted by panels with flowers. Mark of the
period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) H. 4 in., diam. 8 in.
[PI. I. 6.] 350.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding;
inside a formal flower ; outside four compartments enclosino*
figures of horses in landscapes, between them a Chinese character,
a flower, and scrolls ; border of green quatrefoils on a yellow

SECT. C. — PAINTJ5D IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 47

ground, interrupted bj four compartments enclosing animals,
Mark Luh-i tang, « Luh-i Hall." H. 4^ in., diam. 8 in. [PL
IV. 33.] 3ol.

Fjlitted Basin, with scalloped edges. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding ; inside a medallion enclosing a lady standing
between two rocks ; border of alternate flowers and butterflies ;
outside divided into eight panels, consisting of the following
patterns twice repeated : — 1. Blue with river scene in gold.
2. White with tree, bird, and butterfly in blue. 3. Red with
white floral ornament heightened with gold. 4. White with
vases and symbols in colours. H. 3^ in., diam. 1\ in. 352.

Basin, with eight sides and indented edges. Chinese porcelain,
painted in colours ; in the centre a medallion of a formal floral
pattern ; on each of the sides, both inside and out, sprigs of flowers.
Mark, a fungus. H. 3 in., diam. 5| in. [PI. VIII. 99.] 363.

Pair op Bowls, with two handles, covers, and stands, all of
a quatrefoil shape. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours;
each with four compartments enclosing flowers ; the bowls have
raised triangular compartments with ^mall flowers on a green
ground ; the stands and covers have borders of lozenges and semi-
circles ; the former have a raised quatrefoil centre, and at the back
a large green quatrefoil ; the latter have a raised quatrefoil
terminating in a flower bud as a knob. H. 6 in., diam. of stands,
10^ in. by 9 in., diam. of bowls, 7 in. by 4^ in. 344.

Bowl and Cover, quatrefoil shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted
in colours ; each with four compartments enclosing rocks and.
flowers ; the bowl has raised triangular compartments, each with
a single flower; the cover has a border of flowers in compartments,
and a raised quatrefoil centre, terminating in a flower bud as a
knob. H. 5 J in. ; bowl, 7 in. by 4^ in. 355.

Stand for a Bowl, of an irregular lozenge shape, deeply fluted,
with raised centre. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; four
irregular compartments enclosing plants growing out of roeks^
&c., between them branches of fanciful flowers. Diam.
1 1 in. by 9 in. 356.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, coarsely painted in colours. Inside a
medallion enclosing a pendent ornament, from each side of
which are suspended three symbols. The same design is
repeated four times on the outside. Mark, Ki sMh poo ting
chi chin. " A gem among precious vessels of rare stone."
Diam. 6 in. [H. IV. 43.] 356a.

Bowl of somewhat cylindrical form. Chinese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding ; inside in red the seal character Show,
" Longevity," and a border of a rich diaper, interrupted by four
medallions enclosing dragons in clouds ; outside four panels

A 167. E

48 GLASS IV. — CHINESE PAIIsTKD POBGELAIN.

yvith dragons in clouds ; in the spaoes between a circular
medallion with a red flower and black scroll work ; the whole
surrounded by bands of a rich diaper of alternate blue and red
flowers. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (3.3.)
H. 4\ in., diam. 7^ in. [H. II. 14.] 357.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; inside an ornament
enclosing a chrysanthemum flower and four flowering branches ;
outside four panels, two of them quatrefoil-shaped, the other two
fan^shaped, with flowers growing out of rocks ; the intermediate
spaces covered with a nankin yellow glaze, on which are painted
eight symbols. Mark, a vase containing writing materials.
H. 3i in., diam. 7| in. [PI. IX. 1 13.] 358.

Fair of Basins. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; the out-
side glazed of a pale nankin yellow ; the insides with a central
flower, four plants growing out of rocks, and a green border.
Mark, a seal character. Diam. 4^ in. [PI. V. 64.] 358a.

Small Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in faint colours with
gilding; a procession of eight figures (perhaps ambassadors
from the tribes of the Man) in antique dresses carrying symbols ;
they are preceded by a cart drawn by a dromedary or deer, which
is approaching a fortified gate ; inside a four-clawed dragon in
red among clouds. Mark in four s^al characters, very con-
fusedly written. H. 1^ in., diam. 4 in. 359.

Small Bowl, fluted, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain,
painted in colours ; inside a star, four detached flower branches^
and a border; outside three boys among branches, with a
larg^ flower between them. Mark, a hare, and, near the
encircling line of blue, a small crescent. H. 1 1 in., diam. 3^ in.

359a.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, enamelled on the outside in colours ;
flowers and scrolls on a ruby coloured ground, engraved with
flowers and scrolls ; inside plain white. Mark of the period Keen-
lung, 1736-1795. Diam. 7 in. [PI. IL 16.] 360.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on the outside
four medallions with a seal character on each, in blue on a pink
ground, signifying " The sun of the constantly bright Buddha ;"
between them a darge in red, from which spring formal scrolls
and flowers ; imperial yellow ground. Mark, in blue, over the
glaze, of the period Kea-kiug, 1796-1821. Diam. 6^ in. [PL
II. 17.] 360a.

Bowl and. Stand. Chinese porcelain, enamelled with branches of
flowers in colours on a deep orange ground. Mark, in the seal
character, of the period Kea-king, 1796-1821. (2.2.2.) H. 2 in.,
diam. 4^ in., 6^ in. [PI. III. 28.] 361.

SEOt. 0. — PAINTED IN COLOUES OV£K THE OLAZE. 49

Paik op Rice Bowls. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ;
inside a five-clawed dragon in red witli a pearl ; outside two
five-clawed dragons and two phoenixes amid branches of
flowers; eight symbols in the border. Marks, in the seal
character, of the periods Kea-king, 1796-1821, and Taou-
kwang, 1821-1851. H. 3 in., diam. 6 in. [PI. IH. 28^ 29.] 362.

Rice Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted inside in blue; a male and
a female divinity surrounded by clouds, birds flying round their
feet ; on the outside foiu* medallions painted in colours, the spaces
between being filled with a blue ground engraved in scrolls
and ornamented with clouds ; two of the medallions contain
the figures represented within the bowl ; the other two land-
scapes with figures. Mark, in the seal character, of the period
Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. H. 2^ in., diam. 5f in. [PL UI. 29.]

363.

The divinities on this bowl are probably Si Wang Mu, the queen of the
Genii, accompanied by her azure-winged birds, and her husband Muh
Kung.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours ; two light boats
on the waves of the sea, each steered by a lady, with a basket of
flowers and a vase ; rocks witii red and white fungi growing
out of them ; in the distance mountains and clouds, among which
is a building, towards which a stork is flying. Mark, in red,
Shun-tih tang chi. "Made at the Shun-tih Hall." Diam.
6| in. [PI. IV. 35.] 363a.

This bowl and the next are probably connected with the Taoist legends
of Si Wang Mu, Queen of the Genii.

E.ICE Bowl. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours; two
fantastic boats floating on the waves of the sea, in each of them
two ladies, with in one case a stork, and the other a kylin ; in
clouds are seen tents, towards which a stork is flying. Mark,
in red, in the seal character, Heae ckuh choo'jin tscum. " Made
by (or for) the lord of the Heae bamboos.*' Diam. 5^ in.
[PI. VI. 72.] 363ft.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, decorated on the outside with irregular
patches of white, yellow, and green ; the interstices being filled
with red. Mark of the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851.
(3.3.) H. 6in., diam. 12^ in. [PI. II. 18.] 364.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours ; on the outside
masks and scrolls in green on a pink ground ; the inside and
bottom covered with a greenish blue. Mark, in black, Ta-shu
tang chi. « Made at the Ta-shu Hall." Diam. ^ in, [PL IV.
38.] 364a.

Pair op Bowls on tall feet. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ;
inside two {)eaches, a bat, and leaves ; on the outside branches
of peaches and other fruit, with borders of peach-flowers, and
green asters ; on the foot archaic leaf pattern ; gilt edges.
H. 4^ in., diam. 5| in. 365.

£ 2

. I

50 CLASS IV.— CUINESB PAINTED POROEIiAIN.

Ik>WL on tail foot| with indented gilt edge, Chinese porcelflin,
painted in colours, with gilding ; inside peaches and a bat| two
birds and two flowers ; outside a Chinese musical scene witli six
ladies ; on the foot archaic pattern. Mark, in red (false), of the
period Ching-hwa, 1465^1488, in a horizontal line. H. 4^in.,
diam. 5f in. [PL I. 6.] 306.

SiXFOii>SHAPBD Bowl. Chinese porcelain, of thick material ; the
inside green ; outside painted in colours, with gilding ; Chinese
subject, a gentleman alighting irom his horse, and accosting
three ladies, a man holding the horse, and attendant resting his
load of luggage. Mark, in the seal character, of the period Heen-
fting, 185U1862. H. 3 J in., diam. 7^ in. [PI ni. 80.] 367.

OoTAGOKAL Bowl. Chinese porcelain, of thick material; the
inside green ; the outside, with ornaments in low relief, consisting
of the trigrams known as the Pa-hwa^ and borders of the
key and fret pattern, painted in red and brown with gilding.
Mark, in the seal character, of the period Tung-che, 1862-
1875. H. 2J in., diam. 7 in. [PL m. 31.] 368,

Bowl akd Coveb, in the form of the flower of the nelumbium
or water Uly. Chinese porcelain painted in pink and green, to
imitate the flower, and with gilt stalks and buds in relief; also a
STAND of similar design, but without ornaments in relief. H. 5 in.,
diam. 6 J in. ; diam. of stand, 1 1 in. 369.

Pair of Small Bowls, and Covers. Chinese porcelain, externally
covered with a nankin yellow glazOi and painted in colours with
butterflies hoveripg over flowers. Mark, in red, a bat and peach.
H. 4i in., diam. 4 in. [PL VIU. 101.] 370.

Small Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted externally with a spray
of pink flowers on an imperial yellow ground with engraved
scroll work. Mark, in the seal character, of the period Keen-
lung, 1736-1795, over which is pricked in the glaze the Chinese
word Li ^' profit," probably an owner's name. H. 2 in., diam.
4 in. [PL III. 27.] 371.

Small Bowl, Chinese porcelain, painted externally with a
sprav of pink flowers on a pale green ground with engraved
scroll work. Mark, in the seal character, indistinct. H. 2 in.,
diam. 3^ in. 372.

Small Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted with detached
flowers in colours on a white enamelled ground, which is diapered
with leafy scrolls engraved in outline. Mark, in the seal
character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. Diam. 6 in.
[PL III. 26.] ^ 373.

Small Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted with a branch
of a plant with pink flowers on a white enamelled ground,
diapered with enOTaved scrolls. Mark, in the seal character,
of the period Kea-king ? 1796-1821. Diam. 6 in, 373a.

SECT. 0. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVEft THE GLAZE. 51

Pair of Cylindrical Pots and Covers, with two handles,
each moulded in the form of two lions' heads, with a ball between
them. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding. On
each side a panel with two ladies playing on musical instru-
ments ; on the covers is a green band round the knob, and a
border of trellis work, interrupted by four medallions enclosing
symbols. H. 6 in. 374.

w

Pair of Bowls on Stands, with two square handles and pierced
covers surmounted by lions. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding ; formal flower pattern. H, 4| in., diam.
5 in. 375.

Disii. Chinese porcelain, painted in pale blue, heightened with
red and gilding. In centre a formal chrysanthemum of eight
petals, diapered alternately in different patterns ; around a
running scroll of flowers. Mark, a fungus. Diam. 15;^ in.
[PI. VIII. 100.] 376.

Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, heightened with red
and gilding. In the centre a medallion with two plants grow-
ing beyond a balustrade ; around four medallions, two enclosing
Chinese landscapes, and the two others pomegranates ; between
them formal flowers. Mark, a fungus. Diam. 13 J in. [PL
VIII. 100.] 376a.

Pair of Cylindrical Bowls and Covers. Chinese porcelain,
painted in red and blue with gilding. Various compartmeiits with
flowers, rails, &c. H. 4| in., diam. 3| in. 377.

This is a yery similar design to that in blue on a plate, No. 228.

Pair of Bowls, each on a circular foot with edges in six lobes.
Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; inside a
medallion enclosing a basket of flowers ; blue border With gilt
diaper, interrupted by eight medallions enclosing fishes and
other marine animals ; outside eight compartments enclosing
baskets of flowers, framed in by blue bands with gilt ornaments
and occasional panels ; on the foot a formal floral pattern.
H. 5 in., diam. 7| in. 378.

Two Saucer Dishes, with wavy gilt edges, and with raised
bands dividing the border into eight compartments. Chinese
porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in the centre a circular
medallion with a pomegranate, enclosed in a red and white
border ; around this a blue ground with gold flowers ; in the
compartments of the border fruit trees and mice ; outer border
of blue and gold, interrupted by eight panels of red diaper; on
the outside branches of flowers. Diam. 10| in. 379.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and red, with
gilding ; in the centre the fish symbol ; around this two leaves
and two fans, with groups of vases between them ; narrow floral
border. Diam. 10| in, S80.

52 CLA88 IV. — CHIN£B£ FAINTED POfiOBLAIN.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding. In
the centre Howerd springing out of rocks ; blue border with
flowers in red and gold, interrupted by four medallions en-
closing fish and crustaceans. Mark^ a complicated object,
described by M. rTacquemart as a sacred aze, but resembling a
seal character. Diam. 8^ diam. [PL V. 65.] 380a.

Dish and Two Plates. Chinese poix^lain, painted in colours
with gilding ; in the centre a medallion enclosing a vase with
flowers ; !>road border with three compartments, in two of which
a phoenix, in the thinl a butterfly, with green and black edging ;
the spaces between coloured blue, with flowers in red and gold ;
on back flower branches and narrow border. Diam. 11 in.,
8i in. 381.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild-
ing ; in the centre a vase with flowers and a railing ; broad
border divided into six compartments, containing alternately
birds or insects, and red flowers on a blue gi*ound ; outside,
branches of flowers, and a narrow border. Diam. 8^ in. 382.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre a
nelumbium flov\'er ; a broad border divided into six compart-
ments, containing alternately coloured flowers, and the primus
in gold on a blue ground. Diam. 8| in. 383.

Mug, with globular body and ribbed neck. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue, with touches of red and gold ; on the body a
landscape. Mark, a fungus. H. 4 in. [PI. VIII. 100.]

383a.
The form of this mug is European.

Saucer Disu. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; three
lions, each with a foot resting on a perforated ball, from which
issue three ereen streamers. Mark, a leaf. Diam. 13^ in.
[PI. VIII. 9L] 384.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild-
ing ; a landscape with water, and a building from the door of
which children are issuing and a woman is looking ; in front is
a man in a boat, which is being pushed from the shore by a
boatman ; a border of flowera and leaves on a speckled gi*ey
ground. Mark, the shell symbol. Diam. 14^ in. [PL VII.
80.] 385.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in brilliant colours ; in
tlie centre a medallion consisting of a flower, enclosed in sixteen
blue lobes, and a border of alteiiiate lozenges and circles ; from
this proceed eight compartments enclosing birds, animals, and
plants ; border of green with detached flowers, interrupted by
eight medallions enclosing butterflies. Diam. 1 1 in. 386.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in coioura ; in the centre
a medallion enclosing a Chinese landscape with kylin, phoenix,
Ae. ; this is surrounded by red diaper ; border of stifl' flowers

SECT. C. — ^I»A1NTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 53

in various colours alternating with scrolls. Mark, Skun-tih tanfj
poku ckiy " Antique, made at the Shun-tih Hall." Diam. 10^ in.
[PL IV. 34.] 387.

From peculiaritieB of make it is probable that this di^h is of the earljr
part of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild-
ing ; in the centre a Chinese subject ; two ladies, a table with
vases, and a tree ; boixler of speckled green with flowers, inter-
rupted by four medallions containiug flowers, &c. ; outer fluted
edge with i-ed band: On the back is pricked the Chinese word
Tsie/t, " Stored up," perhaps an owner's name. Diam. 9^ in. 388.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild-
ing ; in the centre a pomegranate tree, and two birds ; border
of speckled green, with flpwers, interrupted by four medallions
. containing plants ; outer flut«d edge of red and gold. Diam.
9^ in. 388a.

Dish, with wavy edge, and twelve slightly raised foliations on the
sides, which are outlined in blue. Chinese poixjelain, painted
in red with gilding ; in the centre a Chinese scene, a gentleman
and lady in an open carriage, an attendant behind with an
umbrella ; on the foliations gi'owing plants, between them scrolls.
Diam. lOf in. 3886.

Pair of Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, with engraved
designs, partially painted in green ; inside a five-clawed dragon
among clouds; on the outside two similar dragons among the
waves of the sea. Mark of the period Ching-tih, 1506-1522
(3.3.) Diam. 7 in. [PI. I. 9.] 389.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in green with black
outlines on a yellow ground ; in the centre a four-clawed dragon
amidst clouds or flames ; on border three branches of flowers
and three fungi ; outside, four symbols and a green indented
band below them. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722.

Diam. 8^ in. [PI. 11. 14.] 390.

•

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours over a blue
outline; on the centre a formal ornament with five points,
between each of which is a character ; the border composed of
sixteen characters, twice repeated ; on the outside five bats in
red. Mark, enclosed in a square, Tsai-jun tang chi, ".Made
at the Tsai-jun Hall." Diam. 6j in. [PL IV. 36.] 390a.

Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted with red fish and
water plants in blue and green. Similar designs on the back of
border. Mark, Tsae chuen chi loy " Enjoying themselves in the
stream.'* Diam. 6^ in. [PI. V. 44.] 391.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted inside with the charac-
ter Fuhy ^^ Happiness," surrounded by five bats. The outside
ornamented with knots, scrolls, and flowers in colours on a deep

SECT. O, — PAINTED IN COLOURS^ OVER THE GLAZE. 55

Circular Tray. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours M'ith
gilding ; two ladies, one seated at a table with a pen in her
hand, the other standing with a hand screen ; behind the former
a stand with vases, &c, Mark, emblems forming a congratu-
latory sentence. Diam. 7| in. [PI. VII. 88.] 401.

Circular Tray. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours, with
gilding; three ladies seated on a carpet and playing at a
game somewhat like chess ; in the background a stand with
vases, stool with tea things, &c. Mark, emblems forming a
congratulatory sentence. Diam. 7f in. [PI. VII. 88.] 402.

Circular Tray. Chinese porcelain ; in the centre is delicately
painted a group of Chinese figures, two ladies and a child ;
enclosed in a sevenfoil, the spandrils being Med in with stifi
gold flowers and scrolls* Diam. 6^ in. 403.

Pair of Octagonal Dishes on Feet. Chinese porcelain, painted
in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a chrysanthemum flower
and a butterfly ; border of hexagonal pattern with flowers,
interrupted by four medallions enclosing birds, flowers, and
insects; underneath rich borders and detached branches of
flowers. H. 4 in., diam. 11^ in. 404.

Dish, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in brilliant
colours ; a mythological scene ; a building, from the different
stages of which four ladies are looking ; in the air is a man
riding on a dragon, and a woman riding on a phoenix, above
the moon between constellations ; the border of eight circles,
enclosing storks, and portions of medallions, on a red diaper
ground ; on the back three branches of flowers in colours.
Mark, a leaf. Diam. 14^^ in. [PL VIH. 92.] 405.

This probably represents an emperor and empress carried up to heaven
by the fabulous animals proper to them.

DtSH, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours,
with gilding ; a Landscape with water and a boat in the fore-
ground, three Chinese figures looking up to the sky where there
is a stork and the sun ; the border of eight circled, enclosing
storks, and portions of medallions, on a red diaper ground ; on
the back three branches of flowers in colours. Mark, a leaf.
Diam. 14^ in. [PI. VIII, 91.] 406.

Large Dish. . Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding;
in the centre a rock, from which spring various flowering plants ;
on it a pair of gold pheasants ; above another pair of birds ;
inner border of chrysanthemum flowers ingold on a red diapered
ground^ interrupted by six medallions enclosing shells, &c. ;
border, various wild animals and trees, divided by six panels
containing a formal flower in gold, with green leaves and scrolls.
Diam. 22| in. 407.

50 CLASfl iy.«-CHINBSE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

Dish. Chinese porcelain^ covered with a bright green enamel ;
in the centre a large pink flower, from which proceed dark
green branches terminating in smaller flowers, somewhat rudely
painted, with occasional coloared scrolls. Diam. 9} in. 408.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; across
them is repi^sented a scroll with detached branches of flowers ;
behind this is a narrow scroll with flowers running in the
opposite direction ; the background is a running pattern of
green leaves and pink flowers on a black ground. Dianu 9 in.

409.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; a
scroll with a moonlight scene ; a ladj standing in a garden and
a gentleman climbing over a wall, over whidb he has already
thrown bis boots ; the rest of the plate is ornamented with two
panels enclosing various instruments, and with flowers on a red
scroll ground. Diam. 9 in. 409ce.

£ogra\cd in Jacqnemart aud Lc Slant, Fl. vi. ; in Jacqnemart (1873,
p. 77), it \ti Htated that this is an episode in the Si-siang-ki, a lyric
drama written aboat 1110.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre
a boy in the balcony of a building, supporting a vase of flowers ;
broad border of four medallions containing stiff flowers, with
vases, books, &c. between them ; outer border a series of ovals ;
on the outside four symbols. Mark, a flower symbol. Diam.
9 in. [PI. Vi II. 95.] 410.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre
various pieces of furniture with vases, &c. ; a border of semi-
circular patterns ; on the outside six symbols. Mark, a fungus.
Diam. 8^ in. [PI. VIII. 98.] 411.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ;
in the centre a man on horseback with attendant, and a build-
ing, in the enclosure of which is a table with vases and sundry
symbols ; border, four oval medallions containing stiff flowers
between groups of symbols ; outside three bninches of flowere.
Mark, a four-legged vase. Diam. 8J in. [PI. IX. 111.] 412.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours; in the
centre flowers growing out of rocks, and three ducks ; border,
landscapes, Mark, a four-legged vase. Diam. 8| in. [PI.
IX. 1 12.] 413.

FouB Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gild-
ing ; in the centre a basket of flowers ; speckled green border
with flowers, interrupted by four panels with plants. Mark, a
leaf, and, engraved in the paste, N=99 U, the number of the
Dresden Collection. Diam. 8J in, [PL VIIL 93.] 414.

8 JOT. C— PAINTED IN 0OT.OUB8 OVER THE GLAZE. 57

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the
centre a basket of flowers ; border of mai'bled green with red
flowers, interrupted by four medallions. Mark, a four-legged
vase. Diam. 8| in. [PL IX. 111.] 415.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding ; in the centre plants growing out of a rock with a bird ;
border of speckled green with butterflies and flowers. Mark,
a four-legged vase. Diam. 8 J in. [PL IX. 111.] 416.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in
the centre plants growing out of water, duck, fish, &c. ; round
it is a band of flowers and scrolls, interrupted by four medal-
lions enclosing flowers ; border of flowering branches in blue ;
red and gold edge. Diam. 9 in. 417.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with silver
and gilding ; in the centre a quatrefoil medallion with a lady
playing on a musical instrument, at her back a piece of fur-
niture with drawei's; from each point of the quatrefoil pro-
ceeds a scroll in white enamel relieved by a black pencilled
diaper ; on the border, which has a silvered ground, are four
medallions with a branch of flowers in pui'ple, between which
are red medallions with flowers traced in gold. Diam. 9 in.

418.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, delicately painted in colours,
with gilding ; a flowering tree growing out of rocks, and two
red-breasted birds ; border of flowering branches painted in
black and gold. Diam. 9 in. 419.

Paib op Cibculab Saltcellabs, of a pedestal form. . Chinese
porcelain, painted in colours; in each bowl red fish and branches,
and below two birds on plants growing out of rocks ; green
borders. . H. 2 in., diam. 3^ in. 420.

Pair of Quatrbfoil-shaped Teapots, with a spout at each
end, arched handles, and quatrefoil-shaped lids. Chinese por-
celain, painted in colours with flowers ; the handles imitating
basketwork. H. 5 in., L. 7 in. 421.

Six-sided Tray from a tea service, with fluted edge. Chinese
porcelain, painted in colours, with a cock and flowers ; irregular
framework of gilt basket-pattern ; border of octagons and
squares pencilled in black. Diam. 5 in. 422.

Six-sided Tray from a tea service, with fluted edge. Chinese
porcelain; in the centre, painted in colours, is a group of
Chinese flgures drinking tea, two ladies, a gentleman, and a boy ;
the border of minute flowers and leaves in gold, interrupted
by six medallions painted alternately in pink and black. Diam.
5^ in. 423.

58 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAIKTBD PORCELAIN.

Cop and Sadcer. Chineoe porcelain ; symbols in coloars, and
white flowern on a green ground with black npirals, imitating
the waves of the sea ; inside the cup a flower in blue. Diam.
2g in., 4f in. 424.

Cup and Sauceb. Chinese porcelain, painted in coloars, with
gilding; on the cup a Chinese laodscape ; on l^e SMUcer a
eimilar landscape, and a seated figure in centre. Mark, a horn-
shaped symbol. Diam. 3^ in., 5} in. [PI. VII. 90.] 425.

Cup anb Sadckb of six-foil shape. Chinese eggshell porcelain,
enamelled in blue, with gildiog; formal sprigs of flowers and
borfers. Diam. 2j in., 4^ in. 426.

CcF AND Sattger. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in colours,
with gilding ; on the saucer a figure seated on a rock beneath
a peach tree ; the border of the saucer and the outside of the
cup ornamented with variously shaped patches of green and fink
diaper ; the gnmnd gilt and ornamented with flowers. Diam.
2^ in., 4| in. 428.

Hbkispbericai, Cup. Chinese porceliun, with abranch of a flower-
ing tree and birds on the outHde, very fointly drawn in pale
red ; Within are ptunted a red and a yellow Ruit with green
leaves. Diam. 2\ in, 429.

Two Cdp8. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted with coloured
flowers, spriagiag from blue rocks ; at the udes ue inscril>ed
two verses in Chinese characters- Mark of the period Kang-
he, 1661-1722. (3.3.) H. 2 in., diam. 2^ in. [PL U. 14.] 430.

Cup and Saccrk. Cliinese eggshell porcelain, monlded in low
relief like a flower, with ornaments painted in colours ; on the
cup branches, insects, and white flowers ; on the saucer sprigs
of flowers and insects, Diam. 3 in., 4J in, 431.

Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted
with rosettes in white enamel, between which are pink flowers
with green leaves; borders in white enamel. Diam. 3 in.,
43 in. 432.

Cup and Saucek. Chinese eggshell porcelain ; in the centre
a blue radiating pattern ; the sides are ornamented with black
pencilled lines, over which are flowers in brilliant eoamel
colours. Diam. 2f in., 4^ in. 483.

Conical Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted inside with a
flower in black, gold, and silver ; outside two medallions en-
closing vases, &c., in gold and colours ; the rest of the surface
is decorated with flowers and scrolls in black, gold, and silver.
Mark of the period Yung-chine, 1723-1736, (2.2.2.) H.
2Jin., diam. SJin. [PI. 11. 15.] 434.

This hai formed {inrt of a neet uf cupc, vhich are uwult? of thie form
so as to fit into each other. Thty appear to be called in Chinese
T'ao-pei. (Set History of King-fe-chin, p. 193.)

SECT. C. — PAINTED IN COLOUKS OVER THE GLAZE. 69

Ci^P* Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in colours, with stiff
scrolls and flowers; from the bottom rise six foliations with
octagons and squares pencilled in black ; pink border with
quatrefoil pattern in black. Diam. 3in. 435.

Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain ; inside a border with enamelled
flowers, leaves drawn in black, and gilt seeds ; on the outside
a Chinese view with buildings, painted in gold of various tints.
Diam. 2| in. 436.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding ; on the saucer two ladies and a child, a stand
and a basket of flowers; on the cup the same subject repeated,
and a bunch of flowers with a butterfly ; a foliated border to
each^ with a stiff" pattern of flowers and scrolls in gold. Diam.
2| in., 4i in. 437.

Cup and Saucer and Coffee Cup. Chinese eggshell porce-
lain, elaborately painted in enamel, with gilding; on each
is represented a group consisting of two ladies seated at a
draught board, a boy, two other ladies, two dogs, and various
vases and stands ; inside the cups a flower ; inside the tea cup
and saucer, and outside the coffee cup, a wavy band of flowers and
scrolls outlined in black, and filled in with gold ; narrow borders
of a formal strawberry leaf pattern in silver, with coloured dots
between them. Piam. 2| in., 4J in., and 2^ in. 438.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in
colours; inside the cup a basket with flowers, and a vase with
fruit ; outside three medallions enclosing flowers ; between is
an octagon pattern in pink ; on the saucer, ibasket with flowers
and vase with fruit, within an irregular edging of wicker
pattern of turquoise blue ; borders of octagon pattern in pink,
interrupted by three medallions containing flowers; narrow
borders in blue with quatrefoil pattern. Diam. 2 J in., 4^ in.

439

Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted with a fan-shaped medal^i
lion, representing a landscape, and with a branch of the prunus,
all on a deep pink ground ; inside a pink flower. Diam. 8^ in.

440.

Bowl and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in-
side with a group of flowers and fruit in enamel colours, the
outside coated with a delicate rose colour, Mark on bowl,
Vetv Sin-chow nien chi, " Made in the Sin-chow year [recurring]
again,'' viz., the 38th year of the cycle, which occurred for a
second time in the reign of Kang-he, in 1721. H. 2^ in., diam.
5 in., 6 in. [PI. I. 1.] 441.

Saucer-shaped Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, euamelled
in brilliant colours ; in the centre is «. lady seated, and two boys
presenting vases of flowers ; behind the lady a vase and cover,
and a tall stand on which is a smaller vase containing scrolls.

60 CLASS IV.— CHIMJSSE PAINTED POR0£LAIK.

&c,, a large vase without a cover in the back ground. Inner
border (an inch broad) of octagons and squai*es on a pale pink
ground, interrupted by three medallions enclosing flowers;
outer edge, a qnatrefoil pattern on a pale green ground, the
back of the plate, excepting the centre, is enamelled a de^
pink. Mark of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. Diam.
8 in. [PI. II. 15.] 442.

Saucer-shapkd Platk. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled
in brilliant colours ; in the centre is a lady seated ^nd two boys
presenting flowers ; on her right a vase and cover, and a tall
stand on which is a smaller vase containing a tassel, &c. ; in
the back ground a large vase and cover ; the border (about half
an inch broad) of a quatrefoil pattern, on a 'pale blue ground,
interrupted by three medallions enclosing flowers; the back
of the plate, excepting the centre, is enamelled a deep pink.
Diam. 8 in. 443.

Deep Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in colours
with gilding ; in the centre is a leaf-shaped panel, surrounded
by a gold ground, diapered with flowei-s in colours ; within it a
lady seated and two boys ; on her left two vases ; behind her
a table with books, &c. This is surrounded by six borders of
various widths, the two principal being of a deep pink, inter-
rupted by four blue medallions, and pale lilac, with four medal-
lions encircling flowers, and with four dragons in white. The
back of the plate, excepting the centre, is enamelled a deep pink.
Diam. 8^ in. 444.

This plate is knoim among collectors as the *' plate with the seven
borders," the diaper round the leaf beiiig included in the number.

Octagonal Plate. . Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in
colours ; in the centre a lady with a fan, and two boys amidst
ftimiture ; ruby border with eight pink flowers, between wliich
a small blue flower. No mark, but engraved in the paste, N. 203,
the number of the Dresden collection. Diam. 8^ in. 445.

Deep Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in colours
with gilding ; in the centre a lady seated at a table holding a
flower ; at her feet a child ; around a black frame, round which
are entwined flowers ; border a diaper of octagons in black,
interrupted by four medallions enclosing a gilt sprig, and
surrounded by flowers ; between them are coiled blue dragons ;
the back, excepting the centre, covered with a ruby colour.
Diam. 8^ in. 446.

Deep Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in
brilliant blue with gilding. In the centre a gentleman and
lady, seated at a table, and suiTounded with vases, a parrot, &c. ;
he is playing on a flute and she is beating time with her fan ;
border of a formal -pattern, in white on a blue ground, inter-
rupted by four medallions enclosing a flower. Diam. 8^ in.

447.

J

SECT. C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 61

Two DEEP Plates. Chinese eggshell porcelain. In the centre
is a river scene with a bridge, pencilled in black ; around this a
narrow band of quatrcfoil pattern on a gold ground, interrupted
by four medallions enclosing vases, &c. ; the border of a key
pattern in gold, interrupted by four medallions enclosing flowers,
pencilled in black. Diam. 8 in. 447a.

Deep Plate. Chinese eggshell porcelain, with a group of flowers
in a stool-shaped basket, and a stand of fruit, in brilliant
enamel colours; inner border of a quatrefoil diaper on a
pale green ground ; beyond this a broader border of octagons
and squares on a pale pink ground, interrupted in three places by
medallions enclosing flowei-s; outer edge of a quatrefoil pattern
on a pale blue ground ; the back of the plate, excepting the
centre, is enamelled a deep pink. Diam. 8^ in. 448.

Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain ; on one face a plant, with red
flowers and black leaves ; on the other an inscription in " grass "
character, Hwa kai yew yih nietiy " The flowers open, and lo a
[new] year ;" the second line of a sonnet ascribed to Wei Ying-
wuh, a poet of the Tung dynasty, living-A.D. 702-795 ; sides
with raised dots, and painted black. From Egypt. H. 2^ in.

449.
See Julien, History of King-te-chin, p. xii.

Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain ; on one face a plant with red
flowers and black leaves ; on the other two bats in I'ed ; sides
with raised dots, and painted yellow. From Egypt. H. 2 in.

449a.

Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on one
face a landscape ; on the other an inscription in " grass " cha-
racter to this effect, " The hills are green, the water blue ; the
white clouds bridge them across;" sides with raised dots
and covered with green glaze. Brought from China. H. 2 J in.

450.

Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain ; on one face two red flowers ;
on the other an inscription, " This day the flowers open, and
lo a [new] year ;" sides with raised dots and covered with green
glaze. H. IJ in. 451.

Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; it is orna-
mented with eighteen figures in low relief, probably the eighteen
Arhan, or immediate disciples of Buddha, standing on clouds ;
the background represents the waves of the sea, from which a
dragon is issuing. Mark, in red, an indistinct seal character.
H. 3 in. 452.

Snuff Bottle, ornamented with an outer casing, composed of
lions playing with balls. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ;
gilt mouth. Mark, In red» in the seal character. * H. 2^ in.

458.

(i2 CLA?*5> IV. — 0HfN£8K 1*AINT£D POKOKLAIN.

SnvvF Bottle, ornamented with au outer casing, composed of
figures of lions, playing with pierced balls. Chinese poroelain,
painted in red ; gilt moutb. Mark, in the seal character, in
gold, of tlin period Kea^king, 1796-1821. H. 2^ in. [PI. IIL
28.] 454.

SxuFF Bottle, ornamented with an outer casing, composed of a
dragon and a phoenix among cloud?. Chinese porcelain, painted
in red; gilt mouth. H. 3 in. 455.

Tube for a feather. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding ; formal flowers and scrolls on a pale green ground,
among which appears the wan or swastika^ the Buddhist
emblem. This tube, which is closed at one end from which
projects a loop, is termed bj the Chinese linff kwan, and used
to hold the peacock's feather (a much coveted distinction) when
attached to an official cap. L. 2^ in. 455a.

Watch Case. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ;
on the back a group of flowers, with a butterfly and a bird ;
around this a framework of gilt scrolls, enclosing four medallions
painted in lake; the frame for the glass ornamented with
dragons in gold ; inside thickly gilt. 456.

CLASS V,— CHINESE PORCELAIN WITH PIERCED
ORNAMENTS FILLED WITH GLAZE.

A beautiful mode of varying the decoration of porcelain
is exemplified by tlie specimens in this class, in which
ornaments appear to have been cut through the substance
of the porcelain and filled in with glaze. To do this suc-
cessfully must have required no little skill ; in some cases
the design consists of dragons, in others portion of leaves or
flowers are rendered semi-transparent, but the most usual
decoration is composed of bands of diaper or star pattern.
It is probable that these wares are not older than the 18th
century. In Persia, white bowls of a soft fritty porcelain
were made, which have rude decorations of the same nature,
but there is no evidence to show in which country this
mode of ornamentation originated.

Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain painted in blue ;
in the bottom of each a landscape ; quatrefoil and leaf borders ;
around a band of formal pierced pattern, filled in with glaze.
Diam. 3^ in., 5^ in. 457.

Shallow Bowl, with rnised centre ; the sides pierced in a
geometrical pattern and filled in with glaze. Chinese porce-
lain, painted in blue; on the centre the Chinese character,
Fuhf ** Happiness," surrounded by five bats ; border in white on

CliASS V. — CHINESE PORCELAIN, &C. FILLED WITH GLAZE. 63

a blue ground ; outside a blue border. Mark, in the seal cha-
racter, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. H. 1^ in., diam.
4| in. [PI. III. 26.} 458.

Flower Pot. Chinese porcelain. Round the upper and lower
parts formal borders, painted in blue ; the remainder of the body
ornamented with a pierced pattern, filled in with glaze. H.
6^ in., diam. 9 in. 458a.

Bowl and Cover. Chinese porcelain, of a pale blue bodj,
painted in colours ; inside a magnolia tree in blossom ; outside
a similar tree growing, with other flowers and a branch of the
same ; similar decoration on cover; the porcelain has beenpierced
in places and filled in with glaze so that the petals of some ot
the flowers should appear more transparent when held up to
the light. Mark on bowl and cover, in the seal character,
of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795, H. 3 in., diam. 4^ in.
[PI. m. 26.] 459.

CLASS VI.— CHINESE POTTERY.

As has been already stated it is by no means easy to
distinguish Chinese pottery, especially stoneware, from
porcelain, when the substance is concealed by a thick glaze.
The limits between these various branches of ceramic art
are diflScult to define, and they pass from one into the
other by imperceptible degrees. The Chinese themselves do
not appear to make any distinction, and it has been there-
fore thought best to include vases of glazed stoneware with
porcelain. This has reduced in some measure the extent of
the class under consideration.

The Chinese employ glazed pottery very extensively as
architectural ornaments. The famous porcelain tower near
Nankin, now destroyed, was formed chiefly of this material,
the white portions alone being in porcelain. It has also been
used in the decorations of the imperial residences, from one
of which, the well known Summer Palace, were obtained
the two heads of statues and two animals described below.

A fine pale kind of pottery is used in making the bowls
of opium pipes, which are often richly decorated with
vitrified colours.

Another peculiar kind of pottery is that known as
" boccaro " from a Portuguese word. This is a fine kind of
stoneware of various tints, buff^, red, brown, and chocolate
coloured. The ornaments are in relief, or delicate diapers
impressed with stamps or moulds. It has been much em-
ployed in making tea-pots which exhibit the most various
forms, mouth-organs, sections of bamboo, fruit, birds, &c.
Occasionally the dull surface is relieved by coloured

A 167. F

64 CFiAS.^ vr. — OHTNESE POTTERY.

decorations, generally sparingly applied, but sometimes
covering the surface.

This kind of earthenware furnished models to Bottcher,
the inventor of Saxon porcelain. His first attempts are
wonderful imitations of Oriental pottery. The Elers, who
established a pottery in Staffordshire, copied the red
varieties with great success, and it is not always easy to
distinguish their productions from Oriental examples.

Two Heads fbom Statues, probably of the goddess Kwan-yin.
Pale Chinese pottery, covered with a deep yellow glaze, with
turquoise ornaments. They have crowns or caps with figures
in low relief, surmounted by blue knobs ; projecting from the
bottom of each is a cylindrical plug to fit them on the statues.
These heads formed portions of figures in the Wan Show Shan,
or pleasure-grounds attached to the Yuen Ming Yuen, the
imperial siunmer palace near Pekin. H. 7^ in. 459a.

Two Figures of Monsters, one a kylin the other a phoenix.
Chinese pottery, covered with a green glaze. Said to have been
crest ornaments of the roof of a pavilion in the Imperial Summer
Palace near Pekin. H. 8 and 9 in, 459^.

Figure op a Hawk. Dark brown Chinese stoneware ; it rests on
a rock, and has the body gilt. H. 8^ in. 460.

Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware (boccaro), with lid and two
spouts ; the centre is open and encloses a six-bladed paddle.
H. 4 in. 461.

Pair of Hexagonal Canisters. Chinese chocolate-coloured
stoneware {boccaro). The sides imitate basket work, and have
a flowering plant in low relief, enamelled in colours ; on the
shoulders blue scrolls, and borders of green quatrefoils ; similar
decoration on covers. H. 6^ in. 461a.

CLASS VII.— JAPANESE POECELAIN.

Until lately little has been known of the history of
porcelain in Japan. A short account of the manufactories
near Imari was extracted by Professor Hoffmann, of Leyden,
from a Japanese Encyclopaedia of 1799, and is published
at the end of the history of King-te-chin. He states tHat
the manufactories in the neighbourhood of Imari are
situated on the slopes of the Idsoumi-Yama, a mountain
which produces porcelain clay, and the names of eighteen of
them are given. The products of two of them, Okawaji
and Mikawaji, were not made for sale, being the private

CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 65

factories of the Princes of Nabeshima and Hirato re-
spectively.

Siebold writing in 1826 (Voyage au Japon, p. 264) notices
the porcelain works of Imari, aind states that they supplied
in the 16th and 17th centuries the fine porcelain so much
admired in Europe, but that they had greatly fallen into
decay, and sent out porcelain very inferior to that formerly
made, owing to a contract between the Dutch Company
and the authorities of Nagasaki, by which the manufac-
turers were bound to furnish the porcelain at a fixed price.

Owing to a confusion between pottery and porcelain it
has been usual to consider the introduction of the latter
into Japan as of considerable antiquity ; but it appears from
the Japanese Report accompanying the collection at South
Kensington that it was not till about 1513 that it was
introduced by Gorodayu Shonsui of Ise, on his return from
China, where he had been to study the art. He settled in
the province of Hizen, but it is not known exactly where.
Arita in that province is one of the principal centres of
porcelain making in Japan, and furnished, during the I7th
and 18th centuries, the greater part of the vases known in
Europe as " old Japan." It seems to have been first made
for exportation to China, and then to HoUand. The style
was adapted to foreign taste, and few specimens, therefore,
have remained in the country. Arita has no less than six
branch kilns. The porcelain from Hizen is called indiflferently
Imari ware or Arita ware.

Another important factory is in the province of Kaga,
known as Kutani ware, from the village Kutani-mura,
whence the clay is obtained, but which is unsuitable from
its climate for the establishment of a factory. It was
founded in the 16th century by Tamura Gonzayemon, who
had studied porcelain making in Hizen. The older wares
are decorated with deep purple, green, and yellow, but
about 1650 Godo Sarjiro introduced the well-known deco-
ration in red The manufactory afterwards declined, but
was revived about 1810, by Yoshitaya, who erected a kiln
at Yamashiro-mura, and it is now flourishing. There are
10 kilns at Terai-mura and at Kanazawa-oho. The clay
is of a bad colour, and the ware is apt to be of a dirty hue.
It passes from porcelain into stoneware, and it has therefore
been found convenient, in the supplement to this catalogue,
to place together the Kutani specimens, without considering
their exact nature. It should be stated that white porcelain
has frequently been sent from other parts of Japan, and

F 2

66 CLASS VII. — ^JAPANESE POI^CBLAIN.

especially from Arita, to the potteries in Kaga to be
decorated, which accounts for the Kutani mark appearing
on porcelain very various in composition.

A factory is said to have been founded at Wakayama in
the province of Kii, about 200 years ago. The Prince of
Kii brought there from Kioto the famous potter Yeiraku
Zengoro, who did much to improve the fabric. The pro-
ductions are known as Kishiu ware, and are chiefly orna-
mented with formal patterns in outline in low relief, the
spaces between them being filled in with coloured glazes^
chiefly blue, deep purple and yellow. It does not appear
to be much esteemed in Japan.

At Sanda, in the province of Setsu, a kiln was erected in
1690, on the Arita system, by the prince of Setsu, to imitate
Chinese celadon, in which it was successful.

The other factories of porcelain in Japan do not appear
to have been established before the present century.

In 1805 the manufacture was introduced into Seto, in
the province of Owari, by a potter named Eado Tamikichi,
son-in-law of one of the Arita porcelain makers, and so
important has the manufactory become, that porcelain is
known in Japan as Seto-moTW or Seto ware.

In 1810 an imitation of Chinese porcelain called Agaye
was made at Inu-yama in the province of Owari ; and
about the same time it was introduced into several villages
of the province of Mino, where there are still no less than
110 kilns at work.

At Kioto, famous for its potteries, several of the manu-
facturers commenced during the present century to make
porcelain painted in blue (sometauJce) in imitation of Arita
ware, and this is especially the case at Kiyomidsu.

A factory near Tokio produces the elegant little eggshell
saki cups, of a pearly texture, delicately decorated in gold
and colou) s. The productions are known as Sheba ware,
and are occasionally enveloped in basket work of extra-
ordinary fineness. The manufacture, however, of eggshell
porcelain in Japan is not an ancient one, as it is stated that
it was first introduced into one of the factories of Hizen
in 1837.

Porcelain is made in Japan^ as in China, of two different
materials, one fusible, the other infusible. There is, however,
a notable difference in the process, inasmuch as in Japan the
vessels are slightly fired in the state of biscuit before being
painted or glazed ; the principal firing takes place after
these operations have been completed. Most vessels of

CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. * 67

Japanese porcelain have small projections underneath, Avhich
have been produced by the supports used in baking, techni-
cally known 'as cockspurs. Where these occur on the speci-
mens in the collection they have been noted as "spur marks."
In other particulars the various processes employed in
making and decorating porcelain are the same as in China.
The older specimens of Japanese porcelain may be divided
into two kinds ; the first of these has a very white and
translucent paste ; the designs are archaic and simple ; a
tree of prunus and two quails, the sacred hairy -tailed tortoise,
the phoenix, a stork or two, and, very rarely, the figure of a
lady in Japanese court dress. These are not unfrequently
accompanied by hedges, apparently formed of straw banded
together. The colours employed are a strong red, a pale
bright blue, an apple green, and a peculiar lilac, as will be
seen by specimens exhibited, Nos. 478-485. This kind of
porcelain is believed to be that described in old French
catalogues as '^premiere sorte du Japon," and was much
esteemed in France. It was copied at most of the early
porcelain works of Europe, such as at Dresden, where the
imitations were very close, at Chelsea on pieces bearing the
earliest mark, the raised anchor, at Bow, at St. Cloud, and
elsewhere. With regard to Bow the 'inscription belonging
to the well known bowl in the British Museum, painted by
Thomas Craft in 1760, furnishes an interesting piece of
information ; it states that this bowl is painted in the " old
Japan taste." Now a great part part of the design is not
Oriental, but the colours and general appearance closely
resemble the Bow plates with quails, which are evidently
copied from specimens of porcelain, such as those we are
describing. It appears, therefore, that both in England
and France this porcelain was recognised to be Japanese,
and of some antiquity.

M. Jacquemart, who has classed this kind of porcelain
under his " Famille Archaique," considers that it was made
in Corea. His arguments do not, however, appear to be
based on any sure grounds, and he acknowledges that the
devices upon it are in many cases Japanese. It was pro-
bably made in one of the factories in Hizen, and speci-
mens still come from Japan as old Imari ware.

The second class is decorated in very rich colours, and
belongs to what M. Jacquemart calls " famille chrysanthemo-
paeonienne," and which he attributes in great part to the
Chinese factories. The ornaments are frequently in panels,
enclosing birds or fabulous animals of good design. The
spaces between th^m are generally decorated wiih a deep

68 CLASS VII. — JAFANESB PORCELAIN.

indigo blue, relieved with gold. The other colours chiefly
employed are a deep red, brilliant black, and green. Among
the ornamentation frequently occurs the Kiku-no-mon, or
imperial badge of Japan, a flower somewhat like a single
chrysanthemum with 16 leaves. The covers of jars are sur-
mounted by figures in Japanese dress, or by kylins. Among
the finest specimens of this kind are sets of large vases and
beakers, which may possibly have been made in the first
instance for the Portuguese before they were excluded from
Japan. There are also numerous bowls and saucer dishes,
very frequently fluted ; cups and saucers seem rarely to occur.
This kind of porcelain, was probably made at Arita in the
province of Hizen. Most of the specimens must have been
manufactured for export, as few old examples are said to
remain in the country. It is not unusual to find on such
porcelain the marks of the periods of the Ming dynasty, ill
written and betraying a Japanese hand.

With regard to both porcelain and pottery it may be
well to remark that the taste of the Japanese is quite
different from that of western nations. While in lacquer
the highest finish and perfection of manufacture is desired,
in the ceramic productions a rough artistic specimen is
far more valued in Japan that one of those marvels of
finish so much admired in Europe. Most of the large
and highly ornamented specimens are in fact made for
exportation not for home use.

Section A. — ^Plain White.
Figure of a Fish. Japanese porcelain, white. L. 2J in. 462.

Section B. — Coloured Glazes.

Seated Figure of Jurojin, the god of Longevity. Japanese
porcelain. He is represented as an old man with a long pointed
beard and a broad cap, and holds in his right hand a scepti*e ;
his left hand rests on his knee. The face and hands are in
brown biscuit ; the dress in dark green celadon and the cap in
pale celadon. On the bottom is engraved a Japanese inscription
to the following effect : " The virtuoso of Kioto, Kiyii of Kin-
ko-do (or Kinko hall), made this in the 6th year of Bun-sei,
the 9th month of the autumn." The sixth year of the period
Bun-sei corresponds with A.D. 1823. Compare Audsley and
Bowes, PL X., Div. 4. fig. n. H. 9| in. 463.

Wall Vase, in the form of a fish. Japanese porcelain, covered
with a deep lilac glaze. The fish, which is well modelled, has
an open mouth, and under the gills a place for suspension.

SECTION B. — COLOURED GLAZES. 69

Mark, Ka-yei guan nen Nan-ki Otoko-yarna seiy '•'made at
Otokoyama, in Southern Kii, in tjie first year of Ka-yei." The
first year of the period Ka-yei corresponds with A.D. 1848.
Kishiu ware. Height 11^ in. 463a.

This fish appears to be the Ko-i of the Japanese ; see Kaempfer,
PI. xi., fig. 4. It is stated to frequent waterfalls.

Bottle. Japanese porcelain, pale green celadon with straight
neck, and two fishes forming handles. Mark in Japanese,
Ilimeji set, " Made at Himeji." Tozan ware. Height 7 in.
[PI. X. p. 121.] 464.

Himeji is in the province of Harima. The fiactory was founded by the
Prince of Sagai to imitate the Arita ware. Its productions are
known as Tozan ware, and are chiefly blue and white, or celadon.

Cup. Japanese porcelain, with nelumbium leaves and fruit
moulded in the paste and left a dull white ; the rest of the out-
side coated with celadon green glaze; within the cup a broad
band painted in blue with water scenes, landscapes, &c. Mark
in Japanese (ill written) Ran-tei ** Phoenix liall.'* H. 2J in.,
diam. d\ in. 465.

Vase. Japanese porcelain, ornamented with designs outlined in
relief ; a formal floral pattern of an archaic character, filled in
with a pale green glaze, slightly crackled ; the ground a dark
violet. Mark in Japanese, Ka-yei guan nen Nan-ki Otoko-yama
sei, ** Made at Otoko-yama, in Southern Kii, in the first year
of Ka-yei." The first vear of the period Ka-yei corresponds
with A.D. 1848. Kishiu ware. H. 12 in. [PL X. 115.] 465a.

Kishiu ware made at Otoko-yama, province of Kii ; a factory is said
to have been founded in the province 200 years since. The prince of
Kii gave the title of Yeiraku to Zengoro of Ki6to who introduced
improvements into the fabric.

Va8E. Japanese porcelain, with ornaments in low relief, consist-
ing of Chinese words in an ancient seal character, covered with
a purple glaze, and occasional patches of a greenish turquoise.
Kishiu ware. H. 12 in. 465^.

Globular Canister and Cover. Japanese porcelain, orna-
mented with designs outlined in relief; a formal floral pattern
among which is the seal character Fuku, "Happiness,*^ re-
peated thrice on the canister, and once on the cover; the
pattern is filled in with turquoise glaze, slightly crackled ; the
ground with a rich purple glaze. Mark, impressed, Kai-raku
yen sei^ *' Made at the Kairaku house." Kishiu ware. H. 4^ in.
[PI. X. 127.] 465c.

Section C. — ^Painted in Blue.

Two octagonal Dishes. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark
blue ; in the centre a bird and plants ; broad border of rocks and
flowers ; gilt edges. Diam. 9J in. 466.

70 CLASS VII,— JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

Pair of deep Dishes, ten sidecl, with naiTow borders. Japan-
ese porcelain, paintecl in ^lue ; a river scene, man in a boat,
and attendant approaching a lady ; mark, in the seal character,
Fuku, " Happiness." Diam. 1 1 in. [PL XI. 135.] . 467.

Ten-sii>ed Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue; in the
centre a pomegranate around ten panels, with a formal flower
and the trunk of a prunus tree, placed alternately. Four
spur-marks. Mark of the Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1465-
1488.j;3.3.) Diam. 7i in. [PI. I. 6.] 468.

Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue; on the outside a
coarse running pattern of flowers and leaves. Mark in Japanese,
Niskina^ a name. H. 3 in., diam. 6^ in. [PI. X. 116.] 469.

Eioht-sided Tray. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; two
birds in a landscape, brown edge ; on the outside certain
characters twice repeated, with a diiferent character between
each. Mark, a seal character, Roku, *^ Prosperity." Diam.
5i in. [PL XI. 132.] 470.

Paib of Cups. Japanese porcelain, with scrolls in blue, and
flowers outlined in gold ; inside a flower. Mark, a swastika.
Diam. 3 in. [PL XI. 139.] 471.

Cup and Sauceb. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark blue ; in
the inside of both a large flower, around which is an indistinct
landscape ; the whole of the outside of the cup is covered with
blue, excepting a horizontal band of white, on which are water
birds and shells. One spur mark. Diam. 3 in., 4^ in. '472.

Vase, pouch-shaped, with cover. Japanese porcelain, painted
in blue, with leaves and an inscription. Modern. H. 2| in.

473.

Paib op Tea Bowls and Coyebs. Japanese porcelain, painted
in blue ; landscapes, with boys in various attitudes. Mark,
Togioku yen set, "Made at the Togioku house." Modern.
Diam. 2| in. [PL X. 126.] 474.

FouB Saki Cups. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; on one
is a long inscription ; on the others branches of bamboo, fir-
tree, &c. ; on all is inscribed the name of the maker, Heihachi,
a noted potter of Kiyomidzu, near Kioto. Modern. H. 2f in.

475.

Kiy(Mnidza, now the principal porcelain fitctory, is on the east side of
Ki6to, on the way to the famous temple of that name.

Plate. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; with figures of
the Pa-sien or eight immortals standing on clouds ; outside five
storks, with clouds between them. Mark of the Chinese period
Seuen-tih, 1426-36. (2. 2. 2.) Diam. lOJ in. [PL I. 5.] 476,

Said to be a modem Japanese imitation of Chinese porcelain,

SECTION C. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 71

Plate. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre the
interior of a Chinese house, a man and a boy ; border of a
quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by four medallions enclosing
flowers ; on the outside sketchy landscapes and figures. Mark
of the Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. Diam.
lOJin. [PI. I. 6.] 477.

Said to be a modern Japanese imitation of Chinese porcelain.

Section D. — Painted in Colours.

Vase and Cover, hexagonal. Japanese porcelain, of very white
paste, painted in colours ; on each face a stiff growing plant
with red flowers and bluish green and blue leaves. On the
upper part and cover a band of red, with a running scroll of
bluish green issuing from a blue flower, and a border with
patterns in red ; this is interrupted by four quatrefoils enclosing
fruit. H. 13 in. 478.

The pattern of this and four following numbers seems to have been
copied in Chelsea porcelain.

Dish, ten-sided, with brown edges. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding ; a coiled dragon in centre ; round this
a broad border with trees, storks, and sacred tortoise. Four
spur-marks. Diam. 8f in. 479.

Saucer Dish, with indented brown edge in eight lobes. Japanese
porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; a fire-tree, bamboo,
and prunus issuing from banded hedges ; two birds. Five spur-
marks. Diam. 8^ in. 480.

Saucer Dish, with fluted sides and scalloped edges. Japanese
porcelain; in the centre a blue dragon, with red and green details ;
around this four small cruciform patterns, and four standards,
painted in red and green with gilding. Four spur-marks.
Diam. 8^ in.' ^ 481.

Pair of Saucer Dishes, with fluted sides and scalloped edges.
Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; trees
springing from a banded hedge, and a boy running away from
three tigers. Diam. 9f in. 482.

Two Saucers, with scalloped edges and fluted borders. Japan-
ese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; a tiger twisted
round the stump of a bamboo ; behind another bamboo and
banded hedges. One spur- mark. Diam. 6 in. 483.

Two Saucers, with scalloped edges and fluted border. Japanese
porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; a tree, banded
hedges, and two birds. No mark, but engraved in the paste
N 73, being the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam.

a

7i in. 484.

72 CLAt<5> VII. — JAPANESE POKCELAlN*

rw^

Two Sai'ckes, with sciillu[)ed ctlgosand fliitod border. Japiiucsc
porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; a tree, banded
hedges, and two birds. No mark, but engraved in the paste
N=7, being the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam.

6J in. 484a.

Squabe Bottle, with small neck. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding ; on two sides baskets of flowers, and
on the others trees and birds ; on the top, corners of diaper
work and scrolls. 6^ in. high, 4J in. square. 485.

Bottle, with narrow neck. Japanese porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding ; birds and flowers ; border round neck of
diaper work, H. 5| in. 485a.

Bottle, witli narrow neck. Japanese porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding ; birds and flowers ; border round neck of
diaper work. H. 4J in. 485^.

Figure of a Japanese lady. Japanese porcelain, painted in
black and red ; she holds a branch of prunus flower, and her
dress is painted with a large flowering branch. Arita ware.
H. ll^in. 486.

Large Vase and Coyer. Japanese porcelain , painted in colours
Avith gilding ; three large panels with birds ; between them
blue scroll work with golden chrysanthemums ; on the upper
part, and on the cover, three medallions enclosing monsters.
The figure of a lion forms the knob of the cover. Arita ware.
H. 24^ in. 487.

Pair of large Vases and Covers. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding ; three large panels, with a similar
flowering branch in each ; they are connected by a rich orna-
ment, which appears also on the covers ; the ground covered
with a trellis pattern in gold on dark blue ; borders of scrolls
and flowers ; the covers are surmounted by figures of Japanese
ladies. Arita ware. H. 26 in. 488.

Pair of Beakers. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding ; two large panels with a similar flowering branch in
each ; they are connected by a rich ornament ; the ground
covered with a trellis pattern in gold on dark blue ; borders of
scrolls and flowers. Arita ware. H. 16 in. 489.

Pair of Vases, with covers. Japanese porcelain ; an interior
lining, and pierced outsides representing a network with
phoenixes painted in blue, red, and gold. Probably Nabeshima
ware, made at Okawaji, province of Hizen. H. 9^ in. 490.

A somewhat similar vase is engraved in Jacquemart and Le Blant,
PI. ii. fig. 2.

Pair of Bottles, gourd-shaped, in four stages, with naiTow
necks. Japanese porcelain ; on the two lower stages are

SECTION P. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 73

flowering plants painted in blue, red, and gold, the flowers
being in relief ; on the upper stages dragons and floral scrolls
in red and gold. H. 6| in. 491.

Paib of Bottles, with narrow necks. Japanese porcelain ; on
both sides of the body are heart-shaped depressions surrounded
by a raised band, and enclosing ornaments in relief; in one case
a cock and hen, in the other a flower and birds, all tinted in
colours ; the rest of the body is painted in colours with gilding;
flowers growing from the base; on the neck are spikes, alter-
nately blue and red. H. 9 in. 492.

Paie of Bottles, with narrow necks. Japanese porcelain,
painted in blue and red, with gilding ; on the neck a leaf pattern,
from which proceed branches of prunus. H. 8 J in. 493.

Fountain, or three-legged vessel, with handle, cover, and tap.
Japanese porcelain, with ornaments in relief, painted in colours,
with gilding ; on the body eight figures, of which seven represent
the Fuku-jin or Japanese gods of Happiness ; on the upper
part rabbits with quatrefoil medallions between them ; on the
cover two dragons. Arita ware. H. 17^ in. 493«.

Large Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly blue
and red, with gilding ; in the centre a vase containing flowers,
on which are perched two birds;. on the border portions of

- six compartments containing alternately a red flower on a blue
ground, and a butterfly with flowers on a black ground ; between
them chrysanthemum flowers, &c. Arita ware. Diam. 21 J in.

494.

Two Flat Dishes, with narrow edges. Japanese porcelain,
painted in dark blue and red, with gilding; in the centre a medallion
with plants growing out of vases ; around this portions of six
medallions filled alternately with pinks and peonies, the latter
on a blue ground ; border of six medallions enclosing bamboos,
between each of which is a diaper in gold on a blue ground ; on
the outside three detached branches of prunus. Diam. 14j^ in.

495.

Dish, with wavy edge. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours,
with gilding ; in the centre two bouquets in vases ; border of
similar flowers on a black ground, interrupted by three medal-
lions enclosing landscapes ; on back running scrolls of flowers,
and, as a mark, a bunch of chrysanthemums in red and gold.
Five spur marks, and engraved N. 156, the number of the
Dresden Collection. Diam. 15 in. 495«.

Deep Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark blue and red,
with gilding. Four fishes above the waves of the sea ; border
of six lobes with growing plants, the spaces filled with dark
blue and gold. Five spur-marks. Diam. 11^ in. 496.

74 GLASS VII.— JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

Two Flat Dishes, with narrow borders. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours with gilding ; central medallion of a formal
flower pattern ; around this a band of heart-shaped ornaments,
traced in blue, with flowers and leaves ; narrow border, on the
sides, of a lozenge pattern traced in red ; outer border divided
into eight compartments ; four of them blue, with chrysanthe-
mum flowers in red and gold ; the others with shrimps, shells or
flowers. Three spur-marks. Mark, Fukki chSshufiy ** The
perpetual spring of riches and honours." Diam. 9f in. [Fl. X.
128.] 497.

Two OciAGONAL Dishes. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark
blue and red, with a little green enamel and gilding ; in the centre
a vase containing rockwork and flowers ; border with two com-
partments enclosing kylins, and two others of a difierent form
with stiff* floral patterns, between them scrolls and flowers ; out-
side flowering branches. Four-spur marks. Diam. 10^ in. 498.

Nine-sided Dish, with moulded border. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours ; in the centre a medallion with a landscape,
an old tree growing out of a rock, and three figures ; around
this a band of blue scale pattern ; border of basket pattern, in
black and green, with eight quatrefoils enclosing flowers and
separated by oi-namental rims. Mark, in the seal character,
To'da Kichi-heiy the name of the maker. Diam. 13| in.
[PI. XL 129.] 498«.

Two Saucer Dishes. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding ; a central medallion enclosing an iris plant and flowers;
border of three quatrefoil medallions enclosing bamboos, stiff
gilt ornaments, clouds, &c., between each of which large peonies
and trellis work ; outer border of alternate blue and gilt scroll
pattern ; outside flowing floral scrolls. Four spur-marks. Mark,
a flower. Diam. 12 in. [PI. XI. 143.] 499.

Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ;
in the centre a circular medallion with a flowering plant ; around
it three medallions with plants growing out of rocks, between
which are branches of flowers; narrow border of elegant scroll
work ; on back three prunus trees, and branch of prunus in
centre. Four spur-marks. Diam. 12J in. 500.

Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ;
in the centre a balustrade with iris and prunus ; around this trees
growing out of rocks ; narrow border of bamboo and other leaves ;
on the outside three floral branches growing out of symbols.
Four spur marks. Diam. 12| in. - 501.

Saucer Dish, with scalloped edge. Japanese porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding ; in the centre a circular medallion, with a
flower, and a floral border ; around it a wreath of a large chrysan-
themum pattern ; on the back a running scroll of flowers. Four
spur-marks. Mark (or ornament) a sprig in red and gold.
Diam. 10^ in. 502.

SECTION D* — ^PAINTED IN COLOURS. 75

Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gild-
ing ; in the centre a cruciform flower, around which four
medallions enclosing baskets ; the rest of the ground deep blue
with formal flowers in other colours. Mark in gold on a blue
ground, Hoy *' Precious." Silver gilt rim. Diam. 8^ in. [PL
XI. 130.] 502a.

Two Saucer Dishes, with indented gilt edge. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours with gilding; in the centre branches of flowers ;
broad border of various plants ; on the outside branches of
flowers. Diam. \0\ in. 503.

Two Saucer Dishes, with scalloped edges of sixteen foliations.
Japanese porcelain, painted in blue and red, with gilding ; in
the centre a flowering branch ; borders of a pattern four times
repeated, consisting of sunflowers and other plants; on the
outside, flowering branch. Three spur marks. Diam. 9^ in.

504.

Two Saucer Dishes, with scalloped edges of sixteen folia-
tions. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in
the centre a branch of prunus, with an edging of fawn colour,
green, and gold ; the lobes of the border are diapered with
repetitions of four diflerent patterns, over which are raised
chrysanthemum flowers ; on the outside are running scrolls of
flowers. Four spur marks. Mark of the Chinese period Kea-
tsing, 1522-1567. (3.3.) Diam. 9^ in. [PI. I. 10.] 505.

Dish, with scalloped edge and a border moulded in gadroons.
Japanese porcelain, painted in dark blue with colours and
gilding ; central medallion of an indeterminate character ; border
of three gilt chrysanthemums, between which are three others
in dark blue, and flowers. Four spur marks. Mark of the
Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) Diam. 8-^ in .
[PL I. 6.] 506.

Dish, with scalloped edges and fluted border. Japanese porcelain,
painted in blue, red, and green, with gilding ; in the centre a
large chrysanthemum with alternate gilt and buif petals ; around
are branches, and smaller flowers of the same ; outside, running
scroll of flowers, Diam. 8 in. 507.

Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ;
in the centre the Kiku-no-mon, or chrysanthemum badge of
Japan ; springing from this are flowenng shrubs, across which
are two concentric bands of dark blue with chrysanthemums and
gold leaves; at thf* back floral scrolls. Seven spur marks.
Diam. 9 in. 508.

Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding, a chrysanthemum flower in relief, of which the leaves
are painted with a flower in blue, alternately with red or fawn
colour; border a formal floral pattern. Diam. 6| in. 509.

76 CLASS VIT. — ^JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

Saucer Dish, with scalloped edge. Japanese porcelain ; upper
part of a stork, slightly moulded in relief, with wings nearly
meeting over its head (probably a Japanese heraldic badge),
painted in colours with gilding. Three spur marks. Diam.
8i in. 510.

Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding; in the centre a flower-sprig enclosed in a circular
medallion^ from which spring flowering branches and banded
hedges ; outer border of quatrefoil pattern ; outside branches of
flowers. Diam. 8^ in. 510o.

Pair op Bowl Stands, with scalloped and gilt edges. Japanese
porcelain, painted in blue and red, with gilding ; in the centre, a
river scene with house, bridge, and three water fowl ; around
a landscape. Five spur marks. Mark, a dark blue leaf outlined
in gold. Diam. 8 in. [PI. XT. 142.] 511.

Two Saucer Dishes. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue and
red, with occasional touches of green and gilding ; in the centre,
a circular medallion, enclosing a branch of blue flowers ; around
this six panels enclosing medallions, in which are alternately
a branch of peach tree on a white ground, and a bundle of
books tied together on a red ground ; blue borders with small
flowers and patches of green ; outside running scroll in blue
Three or four spur marks. Mark, Fukki chSshun^ " The per-
petual spring of riches and honours." Diam. 9 J in. [PL X.
128.] 512.

Two Saucer Dishes, eight-sided. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours ; two small panels with landscapes, &c., irregularly
placed over a large flowering plant ; on the outside stiff blue
scroll. Four spur marks. Mark of the Chinese period Cbing-
hiwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) Diam. 8 in. [PL I. 6.] 513.

Saucer Dish, octagonal, with indented angles. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours, with gilding ; inside a very large blue peony
sprig, with a gilt and red scroll behind it ; outside a running
scroll in blue. Mark of the Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1465-
1488. Five spur marks. Diam. 8^ in. [PL I. 6.] 514.

Two Saucer Dishes, with indented edges. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours ; in the centre a pair of storks ; border with
blue rocks, from which spring flowers ; blue scroll on the back
of border. Three or four spur marks. Mark, Sem mio nen seiy
probably a blundered imitation of the Chinese, date Seuen-tih
of the Ming dynasty. Diam. 8J in. [PL X, 125.] 515.

Saucer Dish, with indented edge. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours ; in the centre three birds and flowers ; border of
blue rocks, from which spring flowers ; outside blue scroll.
Five spur marks. Mark of the Chinese period Ching-hwa,
1465-1488. Diam. 8^ in. [PL I. 6.] 516.

SECTION D. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 77

Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the
centre a landscape with two stags ; border of blue rocks, from
■vjrhich spring flowers. Five spur marks. Mark, Tai-min
nen sei, in imitation of Chinese, Ta-ming nien chi, Diam.
8;^ in. [PI. X. 124.] - 517.

Plate. Japanese porcelain, painted in deep blue and red, with
gilding ; in the centre a vase containing flowers ; border of
plants interrupted by three medallions with phoenixes. Three
spur marks. Diam. 8 J in. 518.

Two Plates, with wavy gilt edges. Japanese porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding ; in the centre a branch of chrysanthemum ;
border divided into eight compartments, containing alternately
a flower on a blue ground, and a landscape or a phoenix ; on the
outside a stiff scroll in blue. Five spur marks. Diam. 9^ in.

519.

Two Plates. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding ; in the centre, three vases containing flowers ; border of
branches of flowers and birds. Four spur marks very evident.
Diam. 8^ in. 520.

Two Plates, Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gild-
ing ; a party-coloured vase with rock work and flowers ; above
two phoenixes ; border of fruit and flowers gi'owing out of
rock work. Four spur "marks. Mark, a red flower. Diam. 8 J in.
[PI. XL 140.] 521.

Tray, ten-sided. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue with touches
of red and gold ; a tiger cat, and a branch of bamboo ; stiff'
blue scroll border ; brown edge ; blue scroll outside. One
spur mark. Diam. 5^ in. 522.

Fluted Bowl, Cover and Stand, with two flattened handles,
and raised ring on cover. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue
and red, with gilding ; each flute is marked out with a line of
gold, and over the whole are spread branches of chrysanthe-
mum ; in the centre of the saucer, the bottom of bowl, and
in the cover is a peony, and within the two latter, borders of
flower branches. One spur mark. H. 7 in., diam. 5 in., 8 in.

523.

BoAVL, Cover and Stand, with scalloped edges. Japanese
porcelain, painted in blue and red, with gilding ; detached
branches of flowers, among which an iris; gilt edges. Four
spur marks. Diam. 5| in., 5 in., 8 in. 524.

Bowl and Stand, with scalloped edges. Japanese porcelain,
painted in blue and red, with gilding ; vases containing flowers,
from which proceed large scrolly leaves and other flowers;
gilt edges. Mark, a blue leaf, over which is painted a red
flowering branch. Diam. 6 in., 8 in. 325.

78 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

Shallow Basin, with indented edge. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a hasket of flowers ;
border in four compartments, two with dark blue clouds and
flowers, the other two landscapes with banded hedges ; outside
a stiff floral pattern and flower branch. Four spur marks.
H. 2i in., diam. 11 in. 526.

Basin. With perforated bottom and scalloped edge, resting on
three feet. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre
a pot containing flowers ; round the side are eight compartments
containing four patterns repeated. Diam. 9^ in. 527.

Bowl, sixteen-sided, with scalloped edge. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours, with gilding ; on the outside are eight panels
each occupying two sides, decorated alternately with a white
quatrefoil, enclosing a plant, on a blue ground, and a growing
tree ; in the centre a bunch of fruit ; on the outside two
bunches of flowers, growing out of a narrow border, which is
partly diaper and partly flower work. H. 5 in., diam. 9 J in.

528.

Bowl, fluted in 16 divisions, with scalloped edge. Japanese
porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a large
chrysanthemum flower ; the sides divided into panels, in which
are three different patterns, repeated, with raised chrysanthemum
flowers at intervals ; outside a running pattern in blue. Mark,
Fuhki choshun, " The perpetual spring of riches and honours."
H. 2i in., diam. 7 in. [Pi. X. 128.] 529.

Bowl, fluted in 16 divisions, with scalloped edge. Japanese
porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a
chrysanthemum flower ; sides divided into panels, in which are
repetitions of four different patterns, with raised chrysanthemum
flowers at intervals ; outside panels with a repetition of four
different patterns, over which are interspersed four red circles,
enclosing white flowers, and four white circles, enclosing coloured
flovrers. Mark of the Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-1620.
H. 3 in., diam. 7^ in. [PI. I. 12.] 530.

Bowl, with indented edge, and five large lobes, between each
of which are three narrow flutes. Japanese porcelain, painted
in red and blue, with gilding ; centre plain ; on the large lobes
three chrysanthemum flowers and running blue scrolls; the
nan'ow flutes consist of a white one with a red diaper, between
two blue ones with gold diapers ; on the outsides of the lobes a
fanciful bird. Diam. 8^ in. 531.

Bowl, with indented edge. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding ; in the centre a flowering branch curled round ;
the sides divided into eight panels, each enclosing a circle on a
blue ground, alternately a boy with long sleeves by a banded
hedge, and a white and gold flower with a red ground ; outside
eight circles alternately blue, with a phoenix in gold, and red.

SECTION D. — PAINTEP IN COLOUBfiU 79

with a gold flower taxd white leaves. Mark of the Japanese
period Gen-ki, 1570-1673. H. 2 in., diam. 6^ in. [PI. X.
114.] 632.

Bowl, with indented edge. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding ; in the centre branches of flowers and leaves ; the
sides divided into six panels, ornamented alternately with a stifl
branch on a red medallion, surrounded by a blue ground diapered
in gold, and a large white flower with, a red diapered ground ;
on the outside six. stiff branches. Mark of the Chinese period
Wan-leih, 1573-1620. Diam. 6 in. [PL 1. 12.] 633.

Pair of Shallow Bowls, with wavy edges. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours, with gilding ; the centre plain ; the border
consisting of three quatrefoil medallions, each containiDg a
formal flower on a green ground, with black dots, between
which a scroll pattern of flowers ; outside four red medallions,
with formal design of white and green leaves ; brown edges.
Three spur marks. Mark, a flower. Diam. 7^ in. [PL XI.
143.] 534.

Pair op Shallow Bowls, with wavy brown edges. Japanese
porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding; the centre plain,
but with a circle towards one side, containing a phcenix painted
in red; border of four medallions enclosing a dragon and a
formal pattern, between which a diaper of intersecting circles in
red and blue ; on the outside eight medallions, alternately a red
flower and a diaper. One. spur mark. Mark of the Chinese
period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) Diam. 7i in. [PL I. 6.]

635.

Pair of Basins, with brown edges indented into eight lobes.
Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre a medallion
enclosing a fruit branch ; the sides divided into eight compart-
ments, containing alternately bamboos and flowers, and a formal
flower pattern ; outside a running pattern in blue. One spur
mark. Mark, a seal character, Kin^ '< Gold." Diam. 7 in.
[PL XL 133.] 636.

Bowl, with flat bottom and wavy edge. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours, with gilding ; in the centre a wreath of
flowers tied with ribbons ; the sides are divided into three com-
partments ; one of them, extending half way round the bowl, has
a scale pattern formed with bands of raised semicircles alter-
nately green and yellow; the two other compartments each
occupy a quarter of the sides ; one of them is fluted, covered
with blue diaper, on which is a circle enclosing a monster, and a
red semicircle ; the other compartment is smooth and painted
with a landscape and railing ; on the outside a scroll pattern in
blue and red. Mark of the Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-
1620. H. 2 in., diam. 6J in. [PL I. 12.] 537.

Cover op a Bowl, fluted, with scalloped edges. Japanese por-
celain, painted in colours, with gilding; outside three branches,

A 167. a

80 OLISS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

curled round into circles, between which grow three different
flowers and shrubs, which are continued over on the inside ; in
the centre of the inside a large chrysanthemum flower in gold.
Diam. 81 in. 538.

Twelve-sided Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours,
with gilding ; in the centre a medallion containing a branch of
a flowering tree; at the sides four medallions with plants,
between which are ornaments on a deep red ground ; on the
outside four green medallions, with a flower in each, between
which are branches of a flowering plant. Two spur marks.
Mark, Fukki chSshun, " The perpetual spring of riches and
honours." Diam. 9^ in. [H. X. 128.] 539.

Pais op shallow Bowls, twelve-sided. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours, with gUdin^ ; in the centre a medallion, con-
taining a branch of a flowering tree ; at the sides four medallions
with plants, between which are ornaments on a deep red ground ;
on the outside four red medallions, between which are flowering
plants. Three spur marks. Mark, a seal character, Fuku,
" Happiness." Diam. 9J in. [PI. XL 135.] 540.

Paib of Shallow Bowls, with indented gilt edge, forming six
lobes. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in
the centre two branches of flowers forming a circle ; the sides
divided into six compartments, alternately with a bamboo grow-
ing in a landscape, and a medallion enclosing a view with a
house ; outside a flowing scroll in blue. Four spur marks. Mark
of the Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. Diam. 8^ in.
[PI. I. 6.] 541.

Basik, octagonal, with flattened edge. J.apanese porcelain, painted
in colours, with gilding ; inside a medallion, enclosing a basket
of flowers ; at the sides a branch of iris and one of chrysan-
themum ; border of a floral pattern ; outside eight compart-
ments^ containing alternately plants growing out of rocks, and
medallions with red fishes or birds. One spur mark. Mark of
the Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. H. 4 in., diam. 9^ in.
[PI. I. 12.] 542.

Basin, octagonal, with flattened edge. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours, with gilding; inside a medallion with Chinese
landscape ; border in compartments, (^closing alternately writing
symbols, and a red medallion on a blue ground ; outside, eight
compartments ; two of them containing ancient Chinese figures,
a gentleman and a lady before a rock ; two others, birds in a
tree ; and the remainder blue, with medallions, of which two
liave a blue diaper, and two ai'e red, with a white flower ;
below a running pattern in flowers. One spur mark. Mark of
the Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. H. 3 in., diam. 6 J in.
[PI. I. 12.] 543.

Bowl and Stand. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding; in the centre of stand a medaDIon coutainiug reel flowers

SECTION D.— PAINTED IN OOLOUBS. 81

with blue leaves, from this spring three leaf-shaped compartments,
enclosing Tvhitc flowers on a deep red ground ; the spaces
between them are filled with shaded lozenges formed of red
lines, over which have been drawn indistinct figures in gold ;
lozenge border ; outside three floral branches ; on the bottom
a flower and leaves in blue. The bowl has similai* decorations,
and a flower as a mark or ornament. H. of bowl, 3 in., diam.
4^ in;, 7 in. [PL XT. 141.] 544.

Paib op Bowls. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding ; inside a medallion enclosing a flower, and an iris and
chiysanthemum growing out of a narrow border, which is
divided into four compartments, alternately red and blue; out-
side two quatrefoil medallions, enclosing Japanese landscapes
with gilt clouds, between which are branches of chrjeantheo
mums ; border of red and blue lozenge pattern. Diam. 6f in.

545.

Faie op Bowls. Japanese porcelain ; pierced edges formed by
interlacing circles alternately painted led ; inside a flower-
ing plant and butterfly, painted in blue with gilt outlines. H.
3| in., diam. 8^ in. 546.

Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; on
the outside a stiff floral pattern, with a phcenix at intervals ;
border in red and gold on a blue ground ; inside a floral
branch, on which is perched a bird, and two patches of
salmon colour, with birds and butterflies ; one of the colours is
a metallic-lustered pink. Mark, Fukki choshuHf " The per-
petual spring of riches and honours." Diam. 9| in. [PI. X.
128.] 547.

Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding;
inside is the phoenix, the badge of the empire of Japan, sup-
porting in its beak a branch of the Paulownia imperalis, from
which the Mikado derives his arms ; outside a band of lotus
flowers interrupted by three panels, each enclosing a phoenix ;
rich blue borders with medallions enclosing bats and lions.
Diam. 8| in. 548.

Bowl, octagonal. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue, with a
few touches of other colours and gilding ; inside, a landscape
and a border of various diapers ; outside eight views of scenery,
with inscriptions over them describing their nature. These are
probably eight famous views in the province of Omi. Mark, in
the seal character, copied from the Chinese, Pao ting chi chin,
** A gem amongst precious vessels." Diam. 8| in. f PI. XI. 131.]

549.

Two Saucer Dishes. Japanese porcelain, with gilt edges ; in
the centre the sacred tortoise painted in blue, around which
six medallions, containicg alternately a branch painted in blue,
or a dragon in gold on a green ground, with black dots ; the

a 2

82 CLASS y|I.<^JAFAN£8£ P.OBOELAIN.

ground of the whole is diapered with white flowers raised in
enamel ; on the outside a stiff scroll in blue. Three spur marks.
Diam. 7| in, 560.

Pair of Dishes, in the form of flshes. Japanese procelain, painted
in colours with gilding; the head and tail of the fish are
naturallj represented, but in the centre is an angular compart-
ment with flowers, patches of diaper, and a Japanese inscrip-
tion. Mark, in black, over the glaze, Zoshun tei Sampo seiy
*^ Made bj Sampo at the Zoshun Hall." Arita ware. L. 13 in.
[PL X. 120.] 551.

A rich man of Arita, named Hiratomi Yojibeye, somamed Sampo,
introdaoed some improvements in the manufactory about 1830. His
son of the same name oontinaes the fiibric.

Pair of Saki Bottles, of rounded quadrangular form, with very
small necks. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding ; on the lower part stormy waves painted in blue ;
above a series of tassel ornaments ; two borders round necks
which have a red design. Modern. H. 5\ in. 552,

Vase. Japanese porcelain ; it is in the form of a bag, painted blue,
and tied round the neck with a red cord ; within the mouth
various symbols in gold ; on the lower part the waves of the
sea, over which are birds flying, all in relief ; the vase rests
on three little figures of boys painted in colours. Modem.
H, 9 in., diam. 10^ in. 553.

Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the
centre a branch of peony twisted into a circle ; border of fan-
shaped medallions on a red ground, enclosing flowers ; outside
running scroll in blue ; gilt edge. Mark of the Chinese
period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. Diam. 12 in. [PI. I. 6.] 554.

Exhibited in the London Exhibition of 1S62 by Sir Bntherford Alcock
as modem Japanese.

Pai» of Stands fob Saki Cups, with hemispherical bases
narrow circular tops, and three small feet. Japanese porce-
lain, painted in colours ; in tlie bowls a branch of flowers ; on
the bases eight arched compartments enclosing flowers. H.
2| in., diam. 3^ in. 555.

Cup and Sauceb. Japanese porcelain ; large blue flowers, with
symbols interspersed in red and gold. Diam. 2^ in., 4 in. 556,

Cup and Sauceb. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding; inside the cup, and i the centre of the saucer, a
cruciform design of leaves, issuing from a chrysanthemum
flower ; outside the cup, and on the border of the saucer, a band
of trellis pattern, in gold, flUed in with green, interrupted in
two places ; in one by a group of two female figures, in the

SECTION D. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 83

other by a'tuft of plants ; gilt edges. Probably old Arita ware.
Diam. 2^ in., 4J in. 557.

See a cup in Jacquemart and Le Blant, Plate iv, Pig. 1, where it is
described as Chinese.

Cup AND Saucbk, Japanese porcelain, painted in blue and red,
with gilding ; in the centre of each a basket of flowers ; round
both a landscape on a blaok ground ; narrow borders with gold
leaves ; on the bottom of cup a flower in red. Diam. 2| in.,
4| in. 558.

Cup and Saucek. Japanese porcelain ; it is slightly ribbed in spiral
bands, alternately ornamented with a white scroll on a blue
ground, and a red scroll on a white ground. Diam. 2} in.,
4J in. 559.

This pattern was fireqaently copied at Worcester.

Two Cups. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ;
on each of them three storks flying, and clouds. Mark,
Dai Nippon Yei-raku tsukuru, " Made by Yeiraku of Great
Japan.'' Diam. 3 in. [PI. X. 118.] • 560^

Cup. Japanese porcelain, painted in black and red, with gild-
ing ; inside a water lily ; outside flowering branches. Mark,
Dai Nippon Kutani tsukuru, "Made at Kutani in Great
Japan." Diam, 3. in. [PI. X. 117.] 561.

Paib of Cups. Japanese porcelain, painted in panels of red with
gilt details; inside a fret border; mark, in red, Kutani*
Kutani ware, province of Kaga. H. If in. diam. 2^ in.
[PI. XI. 138.] 563.

Paik of Shallow Bowls. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours,
with gilding ; inside a branch of a flowering plant on a ground
with gold lines, and a red border, with gilt scrolls ; outside large
flowers on a green ground diapered with black scrolls. Mark, in
red, Kutani. Kutani ware, province of Kaga. Diam. 6 in.
[PI. XL 138.] 563.

Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in red, with gilding ; in the
centre a panel m which is a seated female with long hair ;
apparently one of the supernatural beings called by the Japanese
Sho'jo ; borders of flowers and gold scrolls on a red ground ;
outside two panels, one with an old man and boy reading, the
other enclosing a landscape ; various diapers between thera«
Mark, in gold, on a square red panel, Kutani* Kutani ware^
province of Kaga. H. 2 in., diam. 7 in* [PL XI. 138.] 564*

, CLASS VIIL— JAPANESE POTTERY.

However much the Japanese may excel in porcelain, it is
in their pottery that they show the most remarkable
success;

84 CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTEKY.

From the earliest period pottery seems to have been
ma4e in Japan, and it is possible that some of the specimens
that are dug up in that country belong to prehistoric
times. These are vases found on the sites of ancient burial
grounds, and containing small stone beads, and ornaments,
known as Magatama, whence the vessels themselves are
called Magcvtama'tsiiho. Outlines of eleven specimens are
given by Siebold in Nippon, III. pi. 4, and a number of
them have been published by Ninagawa Noritan^ in the
work "Kwan-ko-dzu-setsu" (Tokio, 1876), with a French
translation of the text. There are no specimens in the
collection now exhibited, but one may be found at the
South Kensington Museum (76,150).

In B.C. 660 an official is said to have been ordered by
the Emperor to make pottery for the use of the temples.
The pottery was hand made, and baked in a pit in the
ground, and from want of skill in its manufacture the
colour was in patches. In B.C. 27 a follower of one of
the Corean princes settled at Hasama, province of Omi,
where he made pottery. After the invasion of Corea by
the Empress Zingu, A.D. 200, a number of Corean potters
came to Japan. In A.D. 472 it is recorded that several
diflferent villages offered earthenware to the Emperor, some
of which are still the sites of potteries. In A.D. 696 an
officer was appointed to supervise and encourage the making
of pottery, and about the same time Giyoki, a bonze of the
temple of Sugawaraji, in the province of Izumi, is said to
have invented the potters' wheel.

Some of the oldest potteries seem to have been founded
in the province of Bizen, where they are still at work at
Imbe and other places. Pottery is said to have been
made there as early as 97-30 B.C. The manufacture of
stoneware did not, however, commence till 1210. This
is of a dense paste strongly baked, and covered with a thin
brown or red glaze. Among the productions of this factory
may be -noticed the figures of the seven gods of felicity,
cleverly modelled.

Another ancient factory is at Karatsu, province of
Hizen, which is said to have been founded towards the
end of the seventh century of our era, on a Corean model,
and is considered to have been the fii-st place in Japan
where glazed pottery was made. This factory had a great
reputation for the manufacture of vessels used by the
tea dubs, but is now in a state of decay.

There were also several potteries in the provinces of
Owari, especially at Seto, where Eado Shirozayemon

CLASS Vm. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 85

ultimately settled on his return from China, where he had
gone in 1223 with a priest named Dogen to study the art
pf making pottery. His productions were a kind of
stoneware, much esteemed by the tea clubs. His name
was abbreviated to Toshiro, a title preserved by his
descendants to tlie fourth generation. Pottery was also
made at Inu-yama and Oribe, in the same province.

At the end of the 13th century a pottery factory was
founded at Nagano-mura, in Shigaraki, province of Omi,
which produced a ware with a streaky glaze, but not painted.
Another factory was in Iga, in the neighbourhood of
Shigaraki, the productions of which are singularly rough.

In the province of Chikuzen is a factory, at a village
called Sobara*mura, the productions of which, known as
Takatori ware, are chiefly vases to hold incense, of stoneware
with a rich brown glaze.

At Hagi, in the province of Nagato, was a factory
much encouraged in the I7th century by a prince of the
house of Mori, who introduced Corean workmen.

In the same province is also the factoiy of Madsumoto,
which produces similar wares.

The same system was adopted for the Idsumo and
Fujina wares, made at Madsuye, province of Idsumo, as
well as at the Asahi factory at Ugi, province of Yamashiro.

Most of these wares are of a coarse substance, strongly
baked, simply glazed of various colours, and occasionally
inlaid with white clay.

The long continuance of this little ornamented ware
seems to have been due to the admiration of the Japanese
for Corean pottery, and the extension of the fashion for
forming clubs to diink powdered tea. The ceremonies
connected with this usage were numerous and complex ;
the vessels employed in it were to be of a coarse and
archaic character^ if possible not turned on the lathe. The
tea used was the finest gieen tea, ground to powder, and
frothed up with a brush ; it was passed in a bowl from
hand to hand ; the exact size of the room in which the
tea was to be drunk was prescribed, and the various solemn
forms to be observed in connexion with it. These tea
clubs had a very strong influence on the art of pottery in
Japan, and were the cause of the production of many of
the quaint specimens to be found in collections.

The tea clubs gave an impulse especially to the making
of Raku ware. A Corean named Ameya, surnaroed Chojiro,
settled at Ki&to (then called Miako) about 1558-69, and
founded a pottery there. He died in 1574, and bis son of

86 OLASS Tltl.^^^APAinSSE POtTEKY.

the same name received a gold seal to mark his wares
from the famous Taiko Hideyoshi, on which was inscribed
iZoAu, " Happiness," which gave its name to the pottery.
The present maker, Eichizayemon, is of the 11th genera-
tion. The products were chiefly bowls for drinking
the powdered tea, thick, unshapely, and little decorated,
but remarkably smooth to the lips. Branch factories
were established on the Baku system at Ohi-machi, near
Kanazawa, province of Eaga, at Nagoya^ province of
Owari, near Tokio, and elsewhere.

The more ornamental kmds of pottery were chiefly pro-
duced, a^Ei^to, and in the province of Satsuma.

A native of Nono-mura, sumamed Ninsei^ founded
kihis at different places near £i6to^ for instance, at Awata,
Woro, Mizoro, Kinkozan, and Seikanji, from which sprang
the factories at Gojosaka, Eiyomidsu, and Iwakurazan
The two principal branches of the fabric are at Awata and
Eiyomidsu. At the former place there are now 12 families
making faience ; at the latter, both pottery and porcelain
are made ; there are 11 families of porcelain makers, 21
making faience, and 13 both pottery and faience. There is
also an ancient pottery at Ei6to, founded by a family cailed
Yei-raku, a title bestowed upon them by the Prince of Eii,
The present maker is of the 13th generation. They make
both earthenware and porcelain, especially the latter. An
offset of the Awata pottery was established at Igano-mura,
island of AwajL

The famous Satsuma ware, so much prized by collectors,
is now made at Nawashirogawa, province of Satsuma.
Pottery making was introduced into the province from
Corea, about 1467-1486. At first, only stoneware was
made, glazed with coloured oxides, and a white ware imi-
tated from Corean. The kiln was of peculiar form, on a
Corean model. The finely crackled ware is said to date
from about 1692, when, the prince of Satsuma settled in his
province several Corean potters with their families, first at
Eagoshima and afterwards at Chiusa, province of Osumi,
whence they removed to Nawashirogawa. About 1680, the
decoration in gold outline commenced.

The Satsuma ware made at Chiusa^ known as Eo-chiusa,
resembles a very smooth ostrich egg in texture and colour,
and is very delicately decorated. Another ware is grey,
inlaid with white, like the pottery of Yadsushiro, and is
closely copied from Corean.

Much of the modern Satsuma is decorated at Tokio and
elsewhere, and it has been closely imitated at Ota and

CLASS VIII.— JAPANESK POTTBBY. 87

Eioto, but the imitations are yellower than the original
ware. It is said that there are no genuine specimens of
Satsuma with marks, or painted with figures.

Soma ware is a peculiar fabric, made at Naga*mura^
province of Oshiu, in the north of Nippon. It consists
chiefly of small drinking cups, with a rough indented sur-
face On the exterior, and with a horse in relief or painted,
sometimes tied to a stake. This design is stated to have
been invented by a celebrated painter, named Kano Naonobu,
living about 1670. The name of the ware is said to be
derived from the title of the prince in whose territories the
manufactoiy was situated^ and whose heraldic badge occurs
sometimes on the specimens. There are various supersti-
tions connected with the Soma cups, the accounts of which
are somewhat conflicting.

The well known Banko ware, is very various in style,
and includes at least two distinct factories.
. The first, the Yedo Banko, was established about 1680,
in the village of Komume-mura near Tokio (Yedo), by a
man named Banko-Kichibeye, and resembles some of the
Kutaui wares. This factory is discontinued.

The other, the Is^-Banko, was founded about 30 years
since at Kuwana, in the province of Is^, by a man named
Yu-setsu, who assumed the name of Banko. He is still
living, but has discontinued working. He made a peculiar
kind of stoneware, unglazed. The pottery is thin, and
being finished off with the finger and thumb before baking,
shows the lines of the skin of the hand on its surface. In
later years, Hashimoto Chiuhei has established a kiln at
Kaba^ki, in the province of Shimotsuke, where he produces
a similar ware to Banko Yu-setsu, with whom he studied.

Pottery is known in Japan under the general term Yaki,
or YaJd-moTio ; and the crackled wares as Hibi Yaki ; the
celadon, is called Seiji (whether native or Chinese) ; and
stoneware is termed Shaki.

The more ornate varieties of Japanese pottery have been
well represented an Messrs. Audsley and Bowes's Keramic
Art of Japan.

IxcEysB BiTRKEB, iu the form of the figure of a man. Yellow
glazed Japianese pottery. The figure is cleverly modelled, and
hollow, dividing in two at the waist. His arms are behind him,
his head slightly raised, and he appears to be watching the
smoke which curls out of his open mouth when the incense is
burning. Inside is engraved Katsu-masa saku nOy ** Katsu-
masa made this." Probabl7 Kioto ware. H. ll^in. 664a^

88 GLASS VIII. — JAPANEftB POTTERY.

Saucer Dish. Jai>auese pottery, enamelled in colours, with gild-
ing, on a pale yellow ground ; two cocks, a curtain, and brightly
coloured flowers ; back coloured green with black scrolls. Mark,
in black, Kutanu Kutani ware, province of E[aga. Diam.
14f in. [PL XL 138.] 56^^

Bowl. Light-brown Japanese stoneware, coated with a grey glaze,
and painted with colours and gilding ; groups of archaic figures
drinking, man on horseback, &c., in vivid colours ; the rim of the
foot has a nick cut in it ^before glazing. Mark impressed,
probably Ninseiy the maker's name Kioto ware. H. 3^ in.,
diam. 4^ in. 666.

Wide-mouthed Pot. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, painted in
colours with gilding; on the body detached hexagons and
sprigs ; above two borders, one of them a pattern in lozenges,
red and gold, the other half quatrefoils. Satsuma ware, H.
3 in., diam. 2| in. 567.

Squat Bottle, cream coloured Japanese ware, paiiited in colours,
with gilding ; four tortoises following one another. Satsuma
ware. H. 2 in. 568.

Tea Pot. Japanese pottery, of very thin grey ware, semi-trans-
parent; rough surface showing the marks of the finger and
thumb ; on the lid a badger beating his belly ; on the side an
inscription in Japanese, signifying that it was made by the
Japanese potter Yensozeno. Ise Banko ware. H. 3 in. 569.

Tea Pot. Japanese pottery, translucid, white and brown ; open-
work gallery round the upper part ; on the cover a bird
perched on a hoop. Two stamped marks, Banko and Nippon
Vu-setsu, Ise Banko ware. H. 3^ in. [PI. XL 136.] 569a.

Saucer Dish. Japanese pottery, of grey coloured ware, with a
group of flowering plants enamelled in relief. Diam. 15 in.

570.

Jab AND Cover. Brown Japanese pottery, roughly made, with
irregular splashes of grey and brown glaze, slightly crackled.
Two stamped marks in Japanese, one of them Kaki-tsubata,
" The Iris," the other Go-koku-san, ** Native product." H.
8 J in. [PI. XL 137.] 571.

Similar pottery is made at Inu-yama, province of Owari.

CLASS IX.— SIAMESE PORCELAIN.

M. Jacquemart^ in the two works cited io our Preface,
as well as in a more recent work, " Les MerveiUes de la
Ceramique," has tried to establish the existence of Indian
or Hindoo porcelain. Chardin, writing in 1650, states
that no faience was made in India; " that which is employed

Ik

CLASS "IS. — SIAMESE PORCELAIN. 89

there is all carried either from Persia, China, or Japan.'*
This is confirmed by the numerous fragments discovered in
the ruins of Bijapur, destroyed in 1689, which appear to be
chiefly the siliceous wares of Peraia, or Chinese porcelain.
Some of the fragments bear Chinese inscriptions and dates,
others Arabic inscriptions, evidently copied by persons
ignorant of the language. There is nothing which can be
considered Hindoo but the coarse common pottery.

It might of course be argued that a porcelain manufac-
tory was established at a later date, but if so nothing is
known of it by those who have made India their study.
It was only about 1864 that an unimportant fabric was
started, which has produced common porcelain of no great
merit and of European designs.

M. Jacquemart founds his opinion of the existence of an
Indian manufactory of porcelain on copies from Indian
drawings similar to those exhibited under Nos. 622, 623,
which are unquestionably of Chinese origin ; on plates
with. inscriptions like Nos. 619, 620, 621, which betray in
their inaccuracy the hand of a copyist unacquainted with
the language he was writing, so much so that the inscrip-
tion on one of them (evidently Indian titles) cannot be
deciphered.

By a strange confusion of geographical notions he mixes
up Hindostan with Siam, Cochin China, &c., inhabited by
very different races, with different religions and styles of
art. A passage which he quotes^ from the History of King-
te-chin mentions imitations of vases of Tung- Yang, which
is translated by M. Stanislas Julien as " Indo-Chine ;"
but this can scarcely be brought forward as an argument
that the Hindoos were acquainted with the art of porcelain ;
and it so happens that Julien's translation is very doubtful,
as Tung- Yang signifies Eastern Ocean, the name given by
the Chinese to the sea east of Japan, and in Williams'
Dictionary it is explained as meaning Japanese.

In the Chinese geographical work " Tung se Yang
Eaou " the Tung- Yang is made to include some of the
Asiatic Islands and Japan.

Three of the specimens described below have evidently
been made at the same place ; they exhibit a very peculiar
colouring, especially a deep red ; the paste is exceedingly
dark in colour, so that it has been found necessary to cover
as far as possible all the surface with ornament, and in the
few parts intended to appear white to cover the paste with
white enamel. M. Jacquemart at first described similar
specimens as Indian ; but he seems subsequently to have
considered them to be Siamese^ and speaks of similar

90 GLASS IX.-^SIAM£8£ PORGKLAIK.

examples having been brought from that country by a
French expedition. Nothing, however, definite seems to
be known of the place at which they are made^ nor has a
curious mark on one of them been explained.

The two remaining specimens were probably made in
China for the Siamese market.

Bowl. Siamese porcelaia, of a grey paste, painted in colours ; the
only part of the paste left visible is under the foot ; inside a
circular medallion, with a qnatrefoil design on a red ground,
and two narrow borders ; outside a broad baud with two narrow
borders on each side ; on the band two medallions, enclosing
half lengths of divinities on a red ground ; between them animals
with female heads, and a flame-like ornament on a black ground.
Mark, in dark blue, an unknown character. H. 2^ in., "diam.
4J in. Probably made at Chan-ta-bun, Siam. [PL VI. 78.]

572.

See for similar decoration Jacquemart and Le Blant, Fl. xvii., Fig. II.

Deep Plate. Siamese porcelain, very thick, and of coarse paste,
painted in colours, with gilding, so as to conceal the original
surface. In the centre a toad or frog on a grass green grcmnd, sur-
rounded by a band of bluish green, and another of grass green,
beyond is a strip of dull red. Border of ducks and fishes, with
water plants on a gilt ground. The back is covered with pale
green, and has a red band and blue edge. Diam. 8| in.

573.

Deep Plate. Siamese porcelain, very thick, and of coarse paste*
painted in colours, with gilding, so as to conceal the original
surface. In the centre a black and white hare on a grass green
ground, surrounded by a band of bluish green, and another of
grass green ; beyond a strip of dull red. The border has four
hares running, with leaves and foliage, on a gilt ground. The
back is covered with pale green, and has a red band and blue
edge. Diam. 8J in. 574.

The frog or toad and the hare, according to Eastern mythology, inha-
hit the moon, and marvellous stories are related of them.

Bowl and Cover. Chinese porcelain, decorated in the Siamese
style, enamelled in coloui*s with gilding ; inside plain ; outside
covered with a trellis of green branches, with blue flowers at
the intersections, enclosing a formal pattern in gold ; within
the circular raised ring of the cover is a rose pattern in blue
and green ; gilt edges. H. 5^ in., diam. 8^ in. 575.

Shallow Bowl, on foot, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain
decorated in the Siamese style, enamelled with colours in relief,
and gilding ; the pattern a stiff design, with a green ground
on the edge, und a red ground on the foot. H. 2 J in., diam.
6J in. 576.

A vase of similar form aud decoration is engraved in Jacqaemart and
Le Blant, Fl. xviii., Fig. 1, where it is deseribed (p. 374) as Indian.

Oli, X,— ORIENTAL" PORCELA.IN WITH X^ORETGN PESK^NS. 91

CLASS X.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN WITH FOREIGN

DESIGNS.

It has been thought convenient to make a separate
section for all Oriental porcelain showing in its decoration
evident proofs of foreign design, without attempting to
class them under the heads of Chinese and Japanese, as
these specimens do not exhibit such distinctive charac-
teristics of the country in which they were painted as those
with native patterns. In separating this class, it has also
been thought desirable, where painting has been employed,
to go by the painted designs alone, not by the forms. If
form had to be the basis of classification it would be
difficult to know where to stop ; for instance, all dishes and
plates with flat edges must have been made for foreign
use, as the Chinese do not employ such things, though
in many cases the designs on them are purely Chinese ; all
tea cups with handles, coflee pots, &c. would have to be
considered as of European design, so that this section would
far outnumber all the rest, and the series would become
less instructive.

Oriental porcelain must for many centuries have been
finding its way into other countries ; but it would require
a considerable demand, and no little influence, to induce
so conservative a nation as the Chinese to abandon or
modify their native designs"; for though their country has
seen many vicissitudes, and been conquered by other
races, the native style has been very little modified from
without. The Chinese have in fact assimilated their con-
querors to themselves.

The earliest specimens modified to a foreign taste would
naturally be anything made in China for Japan, or in Japan
for China ; next the wares furnished to other Asiatic nations
or to Egypt, and lastly those made for Europe.

It would appear from Pere d'Entrecolles and other
sources that, in 1712, Japan was a purchaser of porcelain in
China, and he further mentions a little plate painted with
a Crucifixion, which, he was informed, had been made to
be smuggled into Japan at the close of the 17th century.

With regard to porcelain made for the Asiatic market,
there are five specimens in the collection ; two of these
(619, 620) are saucers with Arabic inscriptions from the
Koran, incorrectly written, and resemble a bowl and saucer
in the collection ,of M. Charles Schefer, of Paris, which are

92 OL. X. — OBIENTAL POBCBLAIN WITH FOREIGN DESIGNS.

inscribed with the name of the provost of merchants at
Cairo.

Another dish (621) has evidently been made for the
Indian market. Two others (622, 623) are painted from
Indian drawings which have been copied with great fidelity
and care. Their Chinese origin is, however, betrayed by
other portions of the ornaments. As we have already
stated, M. Jacqiiemart has described a similar specimen as
Indian porcelain.

From Pere d'EntrecoUes' letters it is clear that even
as early as his time the great manufactory of Eling-te-
chin made specimens with foreign designs ; for instance, " the
porcelain," he says, " which is transported to Europe is
generally made on new models, often of a strange form,
and difficult to succeed in making, for the least defect
the European [merchants] reject it, and it remains on the
hands of the workmen, who cannot sell it to the Chinese
because it is not according to their taste." He after-
wards speaks of the models as having been sent from
Europe. In his letter of 1722 he mentions that there had
just been made large vases of three feet high and more, with-
out the covers, which rose in shape of a pyramid to the height
of another foot. These pieces had been ordered by the
merchants of Canton, who did business with Europeans, and
had taken a great deal of trouble to make, as out of eighty
only eight had succeeded.

In the History of King-te-chin there are numerous
notices of porcelain made in the European taste, and of
vases painted with enamels in the European style, land-
scapes, figures, flowers, animals, &c. " of most delicate execu-
tion and marvellous perfection."

It is evident, therefore, that in China porcelain was made
for exportation from designs furnished by Europeans, and
if this was the case at King-te-chin, we should naturally
find that the factory at Shaou-king Foo to the west of
Canton must have made still more. Abb^ Raynal^ in 1774,
mentions this factory, and states that the porcelain known
in France under the name of '* porcelaine des Indes " was
made there.

It is probably, therefore, from these two factories, and
especially from the latter, that proceeded the numerous
services for dinner and tea, diflering altogether from the
appliances of the same kind used in China. Many of these
services have on them the armorial bearings of the persons
for whom they were made. Even royalty patronized
Chinese porcelain ; portions of services made for Frederic

OL. X. — ORIENTAL PORCELAIN WITH FOREIGN DESIGNS. 93

the Great, and the royal families of Denmark and France
are in the collection. There seems also to have been a
large service made for the Palace of the Swedish Kings at
Gripsholm, the name of which is inscribed on the various
pieces. The arms of families of rank are often found,
and naturally those of wealthy merchants both in England
and abroad. There is such a similarity of style in the
arrangement of the decoration of much of this armorial
china that there must have been some agent, either in
England or at Canton, who supplied the designs and super-
intended their execution.

M. Jacquemart has ascribed to Japan, what Abb^ Baynal
calls " porcelaine des Indes," our " India china," as well as
the armorial specimens ; but he h^s come to this conclusion
on the most slender grounds ; he argues that the Dutch
India Company was the only important companj^ which
could l)ave caused such a name to be given to its imports,
and that that company traded with Japan. He has, how-
ever, quite overlooked the very important India companies
of England, Sweden, and Denmark, which had a large trade
with China, and that even the Dutch carried on a very
considerable commerce with that country, using Batavia
as their dep6t. In the elaborate sale catalogue of the
collection of M. Angrand de Fonpertuis, i)repared by
Qersaint of Paris in 1747, the Chinese and Japanese are
generally spoken of as " Indiens." Moreover, the porcelain
with armorial bearings is probably far more common in
England than in Holland, and our country had no direct
communication with Japan. There are also many speci-
mens which can be traced to families connected with China,
or which are known to have been made to order in that
country.

While, however, the " India china " has on one hand
been attributed to Japan, it has on the other, and by a still
more singular hallucination^ been ascribed to Lowestoft
in England.

There can be no doubt that there was a considerable
manufactory of porcelain at Lowestoft^ but this was of the
usual English soft paste. The evidence of hard paste having
been made there is of the most unsatisfactory kand ; chiefly
the indistinct recollection of persons not acquainted with the
difference between hard and soft paste. A few specimens of
white Oriental porcelain may have been decorated at Lowes-
toft, such as one belonging to Lady Charlotte Schreiber, but
they must be rare, as most of the services of such porcelain
with European decorations seem to belong to an earlier date.

94 OL. X»««»ORIBNTAL POBOELAIN WITH FOREIGN DESIGNS.

The supporters of the Lowestoft theory (which is now, how-
ever, nearly exploded), must have been embarrassed by the
enormous number of specimens that exist, and by the occa^
sional occurrence of dated examples too old for the so-called
invention of hard paste at Lowestoft, such for instance as
the Punch Bowl (No. 6266.), dated 1769, eight years earlier
than the supposed time of the invention. Why, moreover,
should English painters, in executing European designs,
give in the minor details those Chinese touches which
at once reveal the Oriental artists. Had the subjects been
Chinese such a proceeding would be natural

The result has been that a class of Oriental porcelain
formerly little cared for, and possessing no great merit, has
been elevated in popular esteem, but it is to be hoped that
in time it may iind its level.

Section A. — Vlais White.

Paib of Vases and Covers. Chinese porcelain, with om amenta
moulded in relief ; plain white ; made from an European
design ; the lower part of the body with leaves ; the covers with
flutes and running pattern ; perforated edge to the body ; on
both body and cover two masks as handles ; square bases. H.
9J in. 577.

Seated Figube. White Chinese porcelain ; a man in foreign
costume, probably an European, with long hair, round hat, long
coat, gaiters, left leg raised on seat ; by his right leg a monkey ;
on the seat a bird and tree in low relief. H. 12| in. 678.

Group. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; two men in European
costumes, with three cornered hats ; one standing, the other
seated on the ground. H. 2| in. 579.

Group op four Figures. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; an
European gentleman and lady seated ; cups in their hands, at
their sides a boy and girl standing ; in front, a flower pot, a
dog, and a monkey with its young. H. 6 in. 579a.

Section B. — Painted jn Blue.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; siege of a town, said
to be Rotterdam, after an European design ; border of quatre-
foil diaper, interrupted by four medallions enclosing flowers^
Mark of the period Ching-hwa,' 1465-1488. Diam. 8 in. [PL
1. 6.] 580.

Pair of Tall Cups and Saucers. Oriental porcelain, painted in
blue, with a Dutch design known in Holland as the Koehoeh in het
Huisje (the cuckoo in the house) ; a small building on a platform
with trees and plants; two birds above* Inside the cups.

SECTION B. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 95

flowers and four fishes ; wreath borders* Marks on cups the
shell symbol with, in one case, the number of the Dresden
Collection; on one of the saucers a bird with N = 665 and
a zig-zag, being the number of the same collection ; on the other
a sceptre head. Diam. 3 in. [PI. VII. 80., IX. 105, 109.]

581.

Tall Covered Ctjp and Saucer. Oriental^ porcelain, painted
in blue ; on the cover a medallion representing an European king
and queen seated ; around it ten compartments, in which alter-
nately are a kneeling figure and a plant ; on the cup is a large
panel with the same king and queen, and eight smaller panels
with kneeling figures and plants ; around the edge the following
inscription, l'empire db la veetu est etabli jusq'au bout
DE l'uners. (Univers.) Mark, a square. H. 3i in., diani.
3iin. [Pi. V. 66.] 582.

See Jacquemart and Le Blant) pi. xri, fig. i.

Cup and Saucer. Oriental porcelain, painted in blue ; in the
bottom of each a medallion with flowers ; around each a copy
of an European design ; the sea with a fortress, ship, rock, and
syren rising from the waves, above, a label inscribed, gardes
vous DE LA syrene. Mark, a square. Diam. 3^ in., 5 J in.
[PI. V. 66.'] 583.

Cup. ' Oriental porcelain, painted in blue ; on each side a
rudely drawn crucifix, from the ground under which proceed
scrolls ; borders of trefoils and of floral scrolls. H. 2| in.

584.

P^re d'EntrecoUes, in his letter of 1712, mentions obtaining, at King-
te-chin, a little plate painted with the crucifixion, and states that
porcelain so decorated used to be imported secretly into Japan, but
had not been made for some years.

Saucer. Chinese poi'celain, painted in blue ; a woman with
three children, probably taken from an European design of
Charity ; on each side is a flowering plant with birds and butter-
flies. Mark, a five leaved flower. Diam. 5^ in. [PI. IX. 104].

d84a.

Two Cups akd Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
probably from European designs; storks swallowing fishes;
above them wreaths ; blue border ; inside the cup a flower with
stiff leaves slightly engraved in the paste; pale brown edges.
Diam. 3^ in., 5{ in. 585.

Two Octagonal Soup PLAtsd. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue from European designs ; a tree^ shepherdess, and sheep ;
inner border of quatrefoil pattern ; outer border of flowers and
butterflies. Diam. 8 J in. 586.

Octagonal PtAl:E. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue. Chinese
design, with a quail and a grasishopper on rocks with plants ;

A 167. H

96 CL, X. — ORIENTAL POBGELAIN WITH FOBEIGN DESiaNS.

border of flowers and symbols united by scrolls ; in one part
the border is interrupted to make room for a shield of arms,
viz., quarterly, f and 4, a raven ; 2 and 3, on a mount an eagle
close, looking at the sun in its glory ; a mullet for difference,
Laroche ; on an inescutcheon a chevron between three coronels
of spears, Yeamans. Crest, a raven. DiaoL 9 in. 586a.

James Laroche, of Over, in Ahnondsboiy, co. Gloucester, bom in
1734, and M.F. for Bodmin, was third son of John Laroche. He
married in 1764 Elizabeth Rachel Anne, daughter and heir of
William Yeamans, of Antigua, and was created a baronet 17th
August 1776. The service of which this plate formed part must
have been ordered after his marriage in 1764, and before he became
a baronet in 1776, as the distinctive mark of a baronet is absent.

Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue with three Chinamen
seated, splitting rods ; in the background n building ; the border
of strange scrolls and shells, evidently modifications of an
European design; on the back the figure 4, Diam. 11 in.

587.

Other specimens, apparently portions of the same service are known,
with various Arabic numerals at the back, the same numeral being
repeated where the design is identical. This proves that the
numeral is not a mark, but no doubt the European number on
different drawings representing Chinese occupations, furnished by
the Dutch to the Japanese porcelain manufacturers.

Saucer with indented brown edge. Japanese porcelain, painted
in blue. A landscape, with three figures in long dresses, ap-
parently foreign costumes ; one of them leads a buffalo. Mark,
Ka, « Felicity." Diam. 5 J in. [PI. XI. 134.] 587a.

Section C. — ^Painted in Colours.

Vase-shaped Cistern and cover, with hole for a tap in front.
Chinese porcelain, enamelled in pale colours with gilding ; on the
front and back is a panel enclosing a seated figure of a Chinaman,
from an European design, in one case smoking, in the other drink-
ing from a saucer ; these panels are enclosed in a double white
framework with pink diaper between the two portions ; at the base
is a broad band of pui*ple diaper with garlands of flowers ; on the
upper part a purple band with white scallop shells ; the rest of
the vase is covered with a black lozenge diaper on a pale green
ground ; on the cover is a panel of black with gold ornaments
edged with lilac and white, on a similar ground to the vase.
H. 29 in . 588.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain. On each is
a shell-like ornament of European design^ painted in lilac,

SECTION 0. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 97

relieved by a yellow ground with black lozenge diaper, borders
of pendants in lilac. Diam. 2| in., 4^ in. 588a.

Compare Jacqaemart and Le Blant, Fl. xi., where, however, this
kind of porcelain is termed " Poreelaine imp^riale japonaise."

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours. European
designs of a fine style ; in the centre an iris and pink lily with
two caterpillars and a buttei'fly ; inner border of gold arabesques
on a blue ground ; outer border intersecting framework, orna-
mented with acanthus leaves and gilt flowers. Diam. 9 in?

589.

See for the same pattern Jacqaemart and Le Blant, Plate xi., Fig. 3,
where it is called Japanese.

Sauceb Dish. Chinese porcelain, chiefly painted in brown and
red, with gilding ; an European gentleman and lady in the cos-
tume of the 17th century with a dog, in a Chinese landscape.
Narrow border of diaper work, interrupted by four panels
enclosing flowers. Diam. 7^ in. 590.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, pencilled in black with pink
fliesh tints. An archway enclosing an allegorical design em-
blematical of a marriage ; Juno receiving the young couple, Ac;
in front Neptune and tritons. On the arch is^ inscribed sem-
per amor pro te pirmissimvs atqve fidelis ; over the pillars
two foreign coats of arms. Border of lace work in gold. Diam.
9 in. 591.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, pencilled in black with occasional
touches of gilding ; the central design consists of a medallion of
Martin Luther, indicated by the inscription DR. M. L.; above a
bird ; on each side cherubs, while below is a larger medallion on
which is represented Christ and the twelve apostles ; arabesque
border enclosing six panels, in which are repetitions of two
designs, viz., a boar hunt, and a stag hunt. Diam. 9 in. 592.

Cup AND Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, piencilled in black
with gilding from an European design ; on them is a medal-
lion enclosing a portrait of Voetius in imitation of engraving,
with the arms of Utrecht, and his name; border of lace
pattern in gold. Gilbert Voetius of Utrecht was a celebrated
theologian, bom 1593 ; died 1680. Diam. 2| in., 4^ in. 593.

Saucer. Chinese porcelain, pencilled in black, heightened with
gold, from an European design. In the centre an ornamental
cartouche enclosing two monograms in , old. On the framework
L.S. in gold (upside down) no doubt the original artist's initials ;
border of framework with peacocks. Diam. 5^ in. 594.

H 2

98 CL. X. — OIUENTAL PORCELAIN WITH TORElON DESIGNS,

Cup ani> Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, pencilled in bkck ;
on each of them half lengths of a gentleman and ladj in
European costume ; on the cup the figures are in separate me-
dallions, on the saucer thej are united in one ; the rest of the
surface ornamented with scrolls and flowers, pencilled in black
on a gold ground. Diatn. d in., 4f in. 595.

Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain, pencilled in black ; half-
lengths of a gentleman and ladj in European costume ; at the
back is inscribed gebontheid juffrouwe, A9 1733. (Your
health, young lady I) ; inside a scroll border in gold and red.
Diam. 2| in. 596.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in red and gold, from European
designs ; in the centre the Baptism of our Lord, on the border
two angels supporting a basket, and two others holding up a
label hiscribed, Mai. 3. 16. Diam. lOf in. 597.

Pair of Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours,
with gilding ; a marine view from an European design, represent-
ing a Dutch vessel with the aims of Zealand on the poop, and
the date 1700 ; the Dutch flag, and another flag with a castle ;
in fi'ont a boat with a Dutch flag ; and in the distance two other
ships ; border of green and red ; brown edge. D« 8| in. 597a.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in
the centre a large Dutch ship ; on the upper part of the border
two branches forming a medallion inscribed : chris* schooke-

MAN OPP? STUERMAN OP t'SCHIP VRYBURG : TEB : REEDE WANPHO

IN CHINA INT iaar: 1756. (Christopher Schooneman, chief
mate of the ship Vryburg, in the roads off Wampu, in China,
in the yeai* 1756). Inner border of trefoil pattern; outer one
a scroll in lake. Diam. 9 in. 598.

In Jacquemart and I^e Blant (p. 384), a service is mentioned, inscribed
with the name of the same ship Vryburg, and its captain, Jaeob
Rydk, in China, in the year 1756, but it is most absurdly con-
sidered to be Japanese.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; view
of Table Mountain, Cape of Good Hope, with the Dutch flag
flying on two eminences ; in front three large Dutch ships, and
smaller vessels ; inner border of gold scrolls, and outer border
of lace pattern in gold. Diam. 9 in. 599.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; an Euro -
pean subject, a gentleman and lady fishing ; in the backgiWnd a
buildiug ; on the upper part of the border two oval shields with
monograms supported by cupids; above a coronet; border of
trefoil pattern in gold. Diam. 9 in. 600.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, delicately painted in colours and
white enamel, with gilding ; a plant with pink flowers growing

SECTIOX C — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 99

out of a rock, two birds, and a butterfly ; narrow inner border
pencilled in black and gold ; the border has an elegant floral
patiem in white enamel, interrupted by three medallions
painted in colours from £m*opean designs ; 1. a tree, two dogs,
sheep, and a shepherd's crook ; 2. water and waterfowl, and a
dog leaping out of rushes ; 3. an altar with flowers, two doves,
bow and arrows of cupid, wreaths, &c. Gilt edge, Diam. 9 in.

^ 601.

Cup and Sauobb. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, from an
European design ; Ave nymphs seated in a landscape, with
flowers in their hands. Diam. 3 in., 4f in. 602.

Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in black with flesh tints,
from an European design j five nymphs seated ; border of fhone
work. Diam. 4| in. 603.

This Is eyidently taken from the same design as the last.

Cylindbical Jab, narrowing at the mouth. Chinese pco'celain,
painted in colours, from an European design ^ two headed eagle
with crown, holding sword and sceptre, on its breast an unintel-
ligible medallion; on each side branches of red roses. H. 7 in.,
diam . 4 in. 604.

Saijceb Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding, partly from an European design. In the centre a coat
of arms under coronet, ermme on a canton gu. a star of six
points or; (Basset f) traces of an ermine mantle; border of
oriental diaper work, interrupted by six medallions enclosing
landscapes ; outer border of drapery. * Five spur*marks. Diam.
8i in. 605.

Plate, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours,
relieved by gold and silver ; ai^ms with numerous quarter ings of
Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, surmounted by a helmet
and crown, and surrounded with the collar of the order of the
Black Eagle ; supporters, two wild men, one bearing the banner
of the King, the other the banner of Brandenburg ; the whole
relieved by a royal mantle surmounted by a crown, above which
is a two-tailed banner, and on the edge of the plate the black
- eagle as crest ; the supporters stand on a gilt pedestal on which
is the motto '^ Gott mit U9is "' ; border a key pattern in gold and
brown. Diam. 9J in. 606.

Plate, with wavy edge, Chinese porcelain, enamelled in blue,
touched with red ; in the centre a foreign coat of arms, viz.
1 and 4, a goat climbing towards a tree, on a canton nine
lozenges ; 2 and 3, two bars embattled, counter-embattled, on a
canton two tortoises (?) ; an inescutcheon, paly on a chief three
saltires ; crest, a swan issuing fi'om a coronet ; a single supporter,
a griffin. A cruciform ornament in red proceeds from the central
medallion, and flowers are interspersed without reference to the
design ; border of stiff floral pattern ; gilt edge. Diam. 9 in.

607.

100 CL. X. — OMENTAL l»OIlCELAIN WITH FOKEIGN DESIGNS.

Long Octagonal Saltgbllab, solid make. Chinese porcelain,
painted in colours ; inside the bowl the royal arms of France,
with knots enclosing the escallop shell of St. Michael : outside,
painted borders. Diam. 3 in. by 2^ in. 608.

Cup ani> Saucbb, and thick coffee- cup with handle. Chinese
eggshell porcelain, enamelled in colours : on the cups are four
panels, two of which enclose a foreign coat of arms, viz., arg. 10
torteaux ; ci'est a dog proper, collared or, holding a rose iu the
mouth ; on the two other panels are branches of flowers ; between
them an octagon diaper in pink ; on the saucer is the same coat
of aims within an irregular edging of a wicker pattern in gold ;
border of octagon pattern in pink, interrupted by three medallions
enclosing branches of fruit and flowers ; narrow outer borders
of quatrefoil diaper in pale blue. Diam. of cups, 2 J in.,
2\ in. ; saucer, 4^ in. 609.

Cup with Handle, and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding, from European designs ; on each/a branch
with a hat, music, and a horn ; above a vine branch with grapes ;
below two pendent coats of arms; 1, per fess arg. and or, a
fess az. between four flshes naiant in pale and a rose gu. ;
2, quai*terly 1 and 4 az., two stars and a crescent arg., 2 and 3
vert, three red flowers with green leaves ; between them hangs
an olive festoon ; beyond detached flowers and fi'uit ; gilt and
red border. Diam. 2J in., 4| in. 610.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; on
one side the arms of Amsterdam ; on the other a quarterly coat
with helmet, mantlings, and crest, an eagle ; between them
scrolls and flowers with singular device ; border of scrolls,
interrupted by long panels enclosing landscapes in brown and
gold. H. 3 in., diam. 5J in. 611.

Deep Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain ; in the centre is a
gilt wreath enclosing a representation of the equestrian statue of
Frederick V. at Copenhagen ; the border is omameuted with
the inscription iulla.na maria on a gilt gi-ound, with the
royal arms of Denmark (quartering Norway and Sweden)
below ; the border consists of alternate branches of laurel and
Greek frets. Diam. 10 in. 6 1 2.

Juliana of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel mar. Fred. V., King of Denmark
in 1755, and survived him ; he died in 1766. From larger pieces of
the service, in the possession of Mr. Edmund Christy, it would
appear that it was made for the Danish Asiatic Company in 1774.

Cylindbical Mug, with moulded handle. Chinese porcelain ; on
the body is the view of a bay with buildings and a flagstaff; in
the bay two ships and a number of boats all painted in reddish
brown ; below is inscribed in black Utsigt af hamnen GncUo^ig
beldgen pa on Hajnan aftagen da Skep, Gustctf Adolph ddr-
stddes garde of werugande resa, fr, d. 8 Decemb. 1784 HI d.
21 Apr» 1785 ; (View of the harboui* of Gnalong situate in the
Island of Hai-nan, taken when the ship Gustaf Adolph was there

SECTION C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 101

lying, having made its voyage from the 8th December 1784 till
the 21st April 1785); rich border of scalework in brown and
gold. H. 4 in. 613.

The island of Hai-nan is off the coast of Canton.

Sauceb. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a view of the
Boompjes, Rotterdam, with boats in front. Diam. 6 in. 614.

Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, with an openwork foot, and
two squirrels with vine branches on the upper part ; painted in
colours with gilding ; three figures, in half-length, of European
design. H. If in. 615.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours from European
designs 5 in the centre detached flowers and a butterfly ; narrow
border with gold stars on a blue ground. Diam. 7^ in. 616.
Made for the English market.

Teapot Tray of Six-foil Shape. Chinese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding; an English ship with three masts;
border of lilac drapery in festoons, suspended from rings to
which flowers are attached. Diam. 5 in. 617.

Sauceb. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; an English three-
masted ship ; border of festoons of flowers with four patches of
scalework. Diam. 5^ in. 618.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain ; in the centre a magic square

of 16 compartments containing numbers, all making the same

total, and four Arabic inscriptions, siffnifying " There is no hero

but AH ; no sword but Zulfakar," [the name of All's swofd],

around which are nine concentric circles, containing alternately

Arabic inscriptions in gold from the Koran and stiff blue scrolls.

Diam. 8 in. 619.

Made for the Mahomedan market. The Arabic inscriptions are very
incorrectly written, evidently by a person unacquainted with the
language.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain ; with two lines of Arabic in-
scription in the centre, signifying " There is no God but God ;
Mohammad' is his Prophet," around which are nine concentric
circles containing alternately an Arabic inscription from the
Koi'an, and a stifl* scroll, all executed in gold touched up with
red. Diam. 8 in. 620.

Made for the Mahomedan market. The Arabic inscriptions are very
incorrectly written, evidentiy by a person unacquainted with the
language.

Quadrangular Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding, in the Indian style. In the centre a circle en-
closing a square with an Arabic inscription in gold, incorrectly
written, but apparently the name of an Indian potentate ; in the
comers rose sprigs ; borders of narrow panels, each enclosing a
stiff leaf; blue edges with white enamel spots. W. lOj in.

621.

102 OL.X.— ORIENTAL POBOHJLAIN WITH FOBBiaN DESIGNS.

Oblong Tobacco Box, with truncated angles. Chinese porcelain

?aiDted in colours with gilding. On the lid a copy of an
ndian painting representing a Nautch girl dancing before a
man of rank, standing and holding a sword and flower; this is
represented on a terrace with balustrade, beyond which are
flowering plants. Inside the lid is an oval medallion with an
European design ; a poet seated in a library between Apollo
with a harp and laurel wreath, and Justice with scales {
through an open arch is seen Pegasus flying ; on the sides and
bottom are scrolls in black, red, and gold. H. 1^ in., L. 6^ in.

622.

Double Quadbangulab Box, with a horizontal division and
two lids. Chinese porcelaiii, painted in colours with gilding ;
on the sides scattered branches and sprigs of flowers of an
European design ; on one of the lids is represented on the out-
side an Indian design, with a man of rank seated, and an attendant
behind him holding a fan ; white arches in the background ; while
inside is an European design, a female holding a cornucopia
and a hat ; distant ^dew of the sea with ships. 0^ the other
lid ia, outside, an European design, pencilled in black with flesh
tints and gilding, a seated female with book, and mask at her
feet, holding a flame at which Cupid is kindling a torch ; inside,
an Indian design, a man of rank seated on a throne with a
state umbrella behind him, and smoking a hookah ; in the
distance a balustrade and growing plants. H. 24 in., L. 3 in.

623.

An Indian design very similar to the first of those described is engraved
in Jacquemart and Le Blant, PI. xvii., Fig. 8, where it is called
Indian porcelain.

Plate, with a wavy moulded edge, imitated from silver. Chinese
porcelain; in the centre is an Indian on an elephant, eopied
from an Indian drawing, enclosed in a circle of blue, pink, and
gold scrolls ; the border is divided into six compartments ; in
each of which is painted a Chinese figure between two bunches
of flowprs. Diam. 9 in. 684.^

Givesi to the present owner by Miss Doras, for wh^se fath^ H was
made in China, and s^nt home in his own ship to LiverpQ^ol,

Two-hanpled Cup anp Cover on tall foot. Chinese porcelain,
with a mottled surface like an orange peel, made from European
designs both as to form and decoration ; on each side a Roman
tripod, from which flames are issuing, painted in brown and
gold ; the rest of the decoration consists of small wreaths
painted in colours, and moulded bands, coloured red or purple,
and touched up with gilding. H. 14 J in. 624a.

Punch Bowl. . Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild-
ing ; on each side are a pair of medallions exactly similar,
each forming a satirical coat of arms. No. 1, Bust of John
Wilkes; crest, a lion passant; supporters, Serjeant Glyn and

SECTION C— PAINTED IN COI.OUBS. 103

JjQvd Temple ; motto, always beady in a good cause ;
above is inscribed, Wilkes and Libebtv, No. 2, Bust of
Lord Mansfield, with a hydra below ; crest) a viper ; supporters,
Lord Bute and the Devil ; motto. Justice sans pitie.
H. 4^ in., diam. 10^ in. 625.

The devices on this bowl appear on the heading to an address by John
Wilkes ** To the Gentlemen, Clergj', and Freeholders of the
Qounty of Middlesex," dated from King's Bench Prison, Saturday,
June 18, 1768. They are entitled ** Abms of Liberty and Slavery."

Pu«CH Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ;
within a bunch of flowers and a strawberry leaf border ; out-
side two large panels with fox hunting scenes from European
prints ; between them framework enclosing bunches of flowers,
and small Chinese landscapes in red. Diam. 13^ in. 625a.

Punch Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding,
from European designs. Inside is a coi*nstack, which is being
raised by four harvestmen ; a man and a woman looking on ; an
irregular border of diaper work in lilac, edged with scrolls,
butterflies, flowers, &c., from which are suspended festoons
in gold. Outside two large scenes representing harvesting;
between which are smaller panels ; one containing the harvest
feast with the date 1769; the other inscribed fF. E, S., Warren
Lodge, 1769; these smaller medallions are surrounded with
diaper work in red and gold. H. 6^ in., diam. 15^ in. 625b,

Pair of Sauceb-shaped Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding ; in the centre a large coat of arms.
Quarterly 1 and 4, gu. two chevrons erm. between three eagles
displayed or. Parsons ; 2 and 3 az. two chevrons or, between
three goats' beads erased arg. ; impaling vert, on a chevron or,
two cinquefoils gu., Curhy. Crest, an eagle's leg erased at
the thigh or, standing on a leopard's head gu. ; this is within
a border of floral scroll work in red and gold, interrupted by
four medallions enclosing flowers ; border, two dragons and two
phcenixes in blue; gilt edges. Diam. 15^ in. 626.

Sauoeb Dish. . Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gild-
ing ; in the centre a ooat of arms with helmet, mantlings, &c.,
viz., cheeky arg. and az. two chevrons gu. on a canton or, an
anchor sa., Clerke (granted 1761). Crest, a Moor's head proper,
iSBuin/^ from a naval coronet or ; motto, ose et espbrb.
Border of festoons of flowers tied up with knots; gilt edge.
Diam. 8 in. 627.

Deep Plate, with wide border. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding ; in the centre the coat of arms of Campbell
placed against the mast of a lymphad or galley (the emblem of
Lorn), viz., gyronny of eight or. and sa. ; a crescent for difference ;
crest, a boar's head ; motto, fit via vi ; on the border six
festoons with a flower over each. Diam. 9J in. 628*

Dbbp Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ;
in the centre a basket of flowers ; border with flowers in white
enamel, and a brown and gold edge ; at the upper part a shield.

104 CL. Z. — OKIENTAL PORORLAIN WITH FOREIGN DESIGNS.

rit., 1 & 4, sa. a heron arg., Mathew ; 2 «fc 4, az. two mullets
or., Barony of Van LumptUt ; impaling arg. three dragons heads
erased vert, each holding in its mouth a dexter hand gu.,
Byam, Motto, jeqyam sebvabe mentem. Diam. 9\ in. 629.

The arms on this plate are those of Daniel Mathew of Antigua and
Felix Hall, Essex, and his wife, Mary, daughter of George Byam, of
Antigua, and granddaughter of Edward Byam, governor of the
Lee^rard Islands. The service probably descended, through the
marriage of the granddaughter and heir of Daniel Mathew with
William Thomas Boe, to his daughter and heir, who married Sir
Chaloner Ogle, Bart., and was the late possessor of the service of
which this formed part.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding; in
the centre coat of arms, viz., gu. a fess dancetty arg. Pap-
worth (?), impaling sa., a cinquefoil between eight cross- crosslets
or, Best of Worcestershire ^ surmounted by a helmet, and
mantlings, label for motto uninscribed ; inner border floral
scroll work in gold ; outer border octagon pattern, pencilled in
black, interrupted by four medallions enclosing gold scroll
work. Diam. 9 in. ' 630.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ;
in the centre a coat of arms, viz., 1 and 4, gu. a chevron
or, between two mullets of the 2nd, and a crescent arg. ;
2 and 3, arg. a lion rampant sa. ; supporters, lions ramp, regar-
dant or ; over the arms a helmet ; on the border a crest, a demi
lion ramp, regardant issuing out of a ducal coronet or ; nai-
row scroll border in brown and gold. Diam. 8f in. 631.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ;
in the centre a coat of arms, viz., or, a fesse wavy between
six cinquefoils gu., a crescent for difference, Davison;
impaling arg. on a bend between three Cornish choughs as
many tigers' heads erased or, Carr ; on the edge the crest, a dove
rising arg. holding in the beak a wheatstalk bladed and
eared, and issuing out of a naval crown or ; the rest of the edge
ornamented with Chinese flowers, &c. ; between -the edge and
the centre a band of diaper in gold on a red ground, interrupted
by four medallions enclosing symbols. Diam. 8f in. 632.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in the
centre two shields accolles, viz., 1, ass. on a saltire or between
four towers an anchor sa. ; 2, arg. three animals passant sa. ;
on a chief az. three birds arg.; above helmet and mantling ; crest
a demi eagle displayed ; on the border the crest is repeated with
two groups of Chinese emblems, a view of a bridge and four small
emblems ; inner border of a quatrefoil pattern in red and gold,
interrupted by four medallions enclosing symbols. Diam.
8J in. 6S3.

CosTAKD Cup and Cover and Circular Tray. Chinese por-
celain, painted in colours with gilding; the handle of cup
formed of interlaced bands ; the cover surmounted by a fhiit ; in

SBCtlON t>. — ^PAlKTEa> IN COLOtTBS. 105

front is a medallion enclosing a coat of arms, viz., erm. a cross
raguly gu., and a canton ermines, Laurence of London^ impaling
arg. a chevron between three herons sa., Ilbery (?) ; crest of Lau-
rence, a saltire raguly entwined with a wreath vert. The tray
has similar decoration. H. 3^ in., diam. of tray, 6^ in. 634.

Oviform Tea Caddy and Cover. Chinese porcelain; on
each side is pencilled in black a coat of arms, viz., a cinque-
foil between eight cross-crosslets or, impaling three lions
mmp. ; the whole undera. ducal coronet, above which the crest,
an ostrich's head issuing from two wings ; probably the arms
of Best of Worcestershire ; round the neck and cover a wreath
of flowers enamelled in colours. H. 5^ in. 635.

The ducal corouet should form part of the crest ; the error may have
arisen from a foreigner being employed to make the desiga.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding ; in the centro. of saucer and on one side of cup a coat
of arms, viz., sa. on a chevron between three bucks trippant
or, as many mullets of the field ; crest, a buck sa. charged with
six mullets or, Robertson or Robinson ? at the side of the shield
scroll and flowers; on the other side of the cup a bunch of
flowers ; trefoil borders in red and gold. Diam. 3 in., 4^ in.

636.

Coffee Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, with moulded
edges, within each a border in blue under glaze, consisting of
butterflies, flowers, diapers, Ac. ; on each is painted in
colours, with gilding, a coat of arms surrounded with
garlands of flowers, viz., arg. a cross fusilly vert, over all a
bend compony erm. and az., Braddt/ll ; a scutcheon of pre-
tence, arg. on a fesse iDetween three saltires az. an anchor be-
tween two lions' heads erased or. Gale, Crest, a badger passant
or. Diam. 2^ in., 5 in. 637.

Wilson Gale Braddyll, Esquire, of Conishead Friorj, co. Lancaster,
married the 20th Jan. 1776, Jane daughter and heir of Matthias
Gale, Esquire, and died 19th Nov. 1818.

Pair of Cups, Coffee Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain,
painted in colours with gilding ; on each a coat of arms, viz.,
az. a lion rampant arg. and a bordure gu., on a chief of the
second, three stars of six points of the first, Inglis ; a scut-
cheon of pretence, arg. on a pile az. three lions heads erased
or, a crescent for diflerence ; crest, a demi lion rampant hold-
ing up a star of six points or; borders of gilt diaper work.
Diam. 3 in., 2\ in., 4| in. 638.

Coffee Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ;
in front a coat of arms, viz. arg., a saltire engrailed between four
roses gu. Napier? Helmet and crest; a half virgin holding
a dagger and pointing to a bell ? Supporters, two Highlanders
armed with swords. Motto above, **this i'll depend,"

106 OL. X. — ORIENTAL POBOBLAIN WITH FOUHiiaN DESIGNS'

below ^'loch slot i " border a blue band with ornaments below
in blue and gold ; at the bottom a blue rim, round which is twisted
a wreath. H. 2 J in. 639.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with

gilding ; on each a medallion with a green border enclosing a

crest, a hind's head erased or, holding in its mouth a branch

with pears, Perry ; below the initials 6.L.P. r at each side a sprig

of flowers ; beyond sprigs of flowers and green borders with

gilding. Diam. 3 in., 4| in. 640.

From the collection of the Rev. G. A. F Hart, of Arundel, being part
of a service made for his ancestor, George Lockyer Perry.

Six-foil Teapot Tray. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding; in the centre a coat of arms, viz., sa. a chevron
between three fleurs-de-lis arg., Hart ; impaling argent on a bend
az. three martlets of the first, Franklin f Crest, a hart's head
couped argent. At the sides of the shield scroll work and
flowers ; trefoil border in black and gold. Diam. 5 in. 641 .

From the collection of the Rey.'G. A. F. Hart, of Arundel, being part
of a service made in China for his grandfather, Willis Hart, Esq.,
who married Betty Franklin.

Six foil Tray. Chinese porcelain, with an European design ; in the
centre an oval medallion enclosing the initials W.B.S. in gold,
over it as crest, two doves regardant; borders of waved fines.
Diam. 5| in. 643,

CLASS XI.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN DECORATED IN

EUROPE.

Several of the early Eiiropean inan,ufacturea*s of porce-
lain, in addition to supplying their own wares, seem to tiave
tried their skill in decorating Oriental porcelain. It does
not, however, necessarily follow that these were all actually
sold at the fabrics, as the painters employed there may
have decorated snch porcelain for their own benefit. This
decoration may also have been added in places where no
porcelain fabrics existed ; for tbe vessels being already bak^d
and glazed could be painted in any ordinary enamellers'
kiln, and painter^ could be found in any place where
enamelling on metal or painting on pottery or glass were
practised.

From the specimens exhibited it seems clear that the Chel-
sea painters decorated Oriental porcelain. Other specimens
seem to be Venetian, others decorated in Saxony, while one
cup has evidently been ornamented with transfer printing
by Hancock of Worcester, A cup and saucer (No. 655) form
part of a service which the late Rev. G. A. F. Hart stated
to have been decorated for an ancestor at the Bow works,
and the bill for it was in his possession.

CLASS XI.-* ORIENTAL POitOELAIN DECORATED. 107

The porcelain thus decorated must have been purposely
imported into Europe in the white state, and probably
made to order. Mr. Chaffers has expressed doubts about
this importation, but specimens are still occasionally to be
met with, though the quantity introduced would depend
on the requirement of the painters, and not readily
reach the ordinary market. Three specimens in this collec-
tion (656a., 6666., 1440) exhibit the ware in its undecorated
condition, viz., a white saucer, part of a tea service, a cup
and saucer with a slight blue decoration under the glaze,
and with panels prepared for subjects to be added over the
glaze in enamelled colours, and a vase with panels prepared
for painting. Occasionally the white ware bore a Chinese
date, as shown by a saucer dated 1723-1736, subsequently
decorated by transfer printing and colouring at Bow or
Chelsea.

Some of this ware is said by French writers to have been
decorated in Holland. Gersaint, the " expert " of Paris,
published, in 1747, a detailed catalogue of the collection
of M. de Fontpertuis, in which he mentions two square
bottles of porcelain painted in colours with figures of men
and tigers, and adds that '' the figures, animals^ and other
ornaments on these bottles have been painted in Holland,
as is done there, often Trial A propos, on pieces of fine
white porcelain." To this dass may belong Nos. 643-645.

At a stiU later date much Oriental porcelain, principally
blue and white, was spoilt by painting it in tawdry colours,
with gilding. This detestable process was extensively
carried on some years since in London. There are also
quite modern forgeries on which coats of arms have been
added to old pieces of porcelain painted in' colours, where
the sparseness of the original decoration left room for such
additions. This can be detected by the different conditions
of the old and new enamelled colours, the former being some-
what altered by passing twice through the fire.

Bottle. Chinese porcelain, with three fantastic animals painted
in liver colour under the glaze ; subsequently three men with
Bwords, appearing to cut off the animals' heads, and Chinese
trees have been added in colours, probably in Holland or at
Meissen in Saxony. Bad imitation of a Chinese mark on bottom.
H. 8^ in. 643.

Pair of Bottles, with narrow necks, Chinese porcelain, painted
with three kylins in liver colour under the glaze ; subsequently
flowers and details in red and gold have been added, probably
in Holland or at Meissen in Saxony ; borders of spikes. H.
6 m. 644.

108 GLASS XI.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN DECORATED.

Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, subsequently painted in £urope,
in colours, in a Japanese pattern ; a plant with banded hedges,
and two birds ; border of plants growing out of rocks ; dark
brown edges. Bad imitation of a Chinese mark in red. Diam.
6^ in. 645.

Square Basin, with truncated angles. Chinese porcelain, deco-
rated in Europe. The original Chinese decoraticm has been
slight, painted in blue under the glaze, apparently a plant
growing out of a rock. It has received a painted decoration in
Europe, probably at Venice ; within a man in black holding a
lantern, and a man fishing, four times repeated ; on the outside
the same figure in black with a lantern, and a lady with a
yellow wcarf thrown over her head. These figures are probably
well known characters in the Venetian Carnival. H. 3 in., diam.
6 in. 646.

Two Cupd and Saucers, Coffee Cup, and Bowl with Cover.
White Chinese eggshell porcelain, decorated at Meissen (?) in
colours, with gilding ; Chinese subjects in an European style,
principally a mandarin and a boy ; borders of gilt lace work.
Diam. of cups, 3f in., 2^ in., diam. of saucers 5^ in., H. of
bowl 3J in., diam. of bowl 4J in. 647.

Milk Pot and Cover, with square handle and peach in relief on
cover. White Chinese porcelain, decorated in Germany or
Holland, with views of buildings and landscapes pencilled in black,
and enclosed in medallions with gilt margins. H. 5^ in. 648.

Tea Capdy, Tray, and Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell
porcelain, probably decorated at Venice, in colours, with gilding ;
pairs of ladies in landscapes, richly coloured, borders of gold lace
work of a Dresden style. H. of caddy 5 in., diam. of tray 5 in.,
diam. of cup 2| in., diam. of saucer 4J in. 649.

Saucer. White Chinese eggshell porcelain, with the mark in blue
underglaze, of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. Tt has been
subsequently decorated at Bow or Chelsea, with a landscape and
a shepherd and sheep, transfer printed in black, and coloured
green ; gilt edge. Diam. 4^ in. 650.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, decorated at Chel-
sea, with Chinese landscapes outlined in black and coloured
green. Diam. 3 in., 4f in. 651.

Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese eggshell porcelain, decorated
at Chelsea (?) ; on the front of the cups a large medallion in
gilt framework ; view of a building outlined in black and coloured
green ; at the back a small quatrefoil with rock and a stile
similarly treated ; on the saucers a medallion similar to that on
the cups ; indented gilt edges. Diam. 3 in., 4| in, 652,

CLASS XI. — ORIENTAL PORCELAIN DECORATED. 109

Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese eggshell porcelain, deco-
rated at Chelsea in colours; landscapes and exotic birds in
the Chelsea style ; indented gilt edges. Diam. 3 in., 4} in. 653.

Portions op a Tea Service, consisting of a tea-caddj, tray,
three tea-cups, three coffee-cups, and four saucers. Chinese
eggshell porcelain, decorated at Chelsea in colours; sub-
jects from the history of Harlequin and Columbine ; on one of
the saucers is an old man, and a lady who holds in her hand a
letter commencing ** My dr." ; indented gilt edges. H. of tea-
caddy 5^ in. ; diam. of tray 5 in. ; diam. of tea-cup 3 in. ;
diam. of coffee-cup 2| in. ; diam. of saucer 4J in. 654.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, decorated at Bow, in
colours with gilding ; inside cup and in centre of saucer a
gold flower ; the remainder of both divided into six compart-
ments, consisting alternately of wavy diagonal gold lines with
an insect and a bunch of flowers between them ; vertical lilac
bands, and near the edges wavy ribbon in 'gold; g^ edges.
Diam. 3^ in., 5^ in. 655.

Part of a service which belonged to the hite Rev. G, A. F. Hart, of
Arundel, for whose ancestor it was decorated at Bow, as appeared
from an account in his possession, now unfortunately lost.

Coffee Cirp. Chinese porcelain, transfer printed at Worcester,
in black; two garden scenes ; 1, gentleman and lady seated at
tea, little dog in front; 2, vases, fountains, &c. H. 2^ in.,
diam. 2J in. 656.

Saucer. Plain white Chinese eggshell porcelain, as imported for
decorating in Europe. Diam. 4 J in. 656a.

Cup AND Saucer, of quatrefoil shape. Chinese porcelain, orna-
mented with narrow borders in blue under the glaze, and with
raised framework for medallions^ which have not been painted.
Diam. 3 in., 4| in. 6o6b,

CLASS XII.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN IN COMBI-
NATION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES.

Among the modem productions of Japan there are few
more carious than the porcelain vases and other objects
incrusted with cloisonne enamel. The fillets which separate
the various colours must have been fastened by some
means on the surface of the porcelain already baked ; then
the cells thus formed were filled with colours in a state of
powder or paste, the whole once more baked, and then
polished, so as to remove inequalities and show the edges of
the metal fillets. The success of this process is probably
due to the great fusibility of Japanese enamel as compared
with Chinese. This appears to be a new manufacture in
Japan, even more recent than the not very ancient intro-
duction among the Japanese of the art of enamelling on
metal It seems to be chiefly carried on at Seto, province
of Owari.

110 CLASS XII ORIENTAL PORCELAIN, &C.

Other specimens of Japanese porcelain are jexternally
coated with very fine basket work. Brongniart, on the
authority of Siebold, thought they were thus enveloped as
a protection for curious and fragile specimens of ancient
porcelain, but this seems to be a mistake, as they are
still regularly made for sale, though the modern examples
are not equal to the older. The porcelain so coated seems
to be generally the Sheba ware made near Tokio.

The Japanese also coat faience with lacquer, chiefly
black or dark green, decorated afterwards with gold and
colours. This ware is made, among other places, at the
Ho-raku factory near Nagoya, province of Owari, and is
called, from its inventor, Toyosuke yaki.

The process of coating vases of porcelain or pottery with
lacquer is also known to the Chinese, who apply a black
lacquer*of some thickness to porcelain vases or cups and
saucers, with incrustations of mother-of-pearl. This ware
is known to French collectors as " porcelaine laqu^e bur-
gautde/' so called from the French name "burgau " for the
shell of the turbo.

M. Jacquemart has classified this kind of lacquer as
Japanese, though he mentions that several of tlie vessels
thus coated are of Chinese origin. This attribution must be
erroneous, as the style of the lacquer differs from Japanese
productions, and resembles known Chinese works of art.

Bowl. Japanese porcelain, of which the exterior is coated with
cloisonne enamel ; the inside has in the centre a medallion of
stiff scrolls painted in blue, the enamel on the outside consists
chiefly of diapers in various colours, enclosing three panels with
trees ; the enamel of the ground of these panels, and some
other portions of the design are translucent. Mark of the
Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. (3.3.) Modern. H. SJ
in., diam. 5 J in. [PI. I. 12.] 657.

Bowl. Japanese porcelain, of which the exterior is partly coated
with cloisonne enamel ; the inside has in the centre a triple
peach in blue ; around are pendent ornaments chiefly in red and
gold ; the enamel on the outside represents scrolls, flowei-s, Ac. in
various colours on a green ground j spaces are left in the enamel
for three panels, on which are painted on the porcelain a
peacock) a gold pheasant, and a tiger. Mark, Fukhi chdshun^
**The perpetual spring of riches and honours/' Modern.
Diam. 5^ in-> H. SJ in. [PI. X. 128.] 658,

Bowl. Japanese porcelain, covered externally with cloisonne
enamel ; inside a landscape painted in blue heightened with
gilding, and a border of pendants chiefly in red ; the enamel on
the outside consists of three medallions of various forms, of
which one encloses a view of the famous volcanic mountain
Fusi-jama ; the rest diapered with various patterns on a tur-

CLASS XII. — ORIENTAL POROELAINj &a 111

quoise ground. Mark in Japanese, " Dai Nippon Seto sei,^'
" Made at Seto in Great Japan." Seto is in the province of
Owari. Modern. H. 3^ in., diam. 6 J in. [PI. X, 119.] 659.

Bowl. Japanese porcelain, coated externally with cloisonne
enamel; inside a medallion with plants painted in bine
heightened with gold, and a border of pendants chiefly red ;
the enamel on the outside has six medallions, lozenges and
circles alternately, enclosing various patterns on a turquoise
ground with scrolls. Mark in Japanese, Bummei Kaikua
" Enlightenment and civilisation ;" probably the motto of the
fabric. Modern. H. 3| in., diam. 6 in. [PI. X. 123.] 660.

Cup. Japanese porcelain, coated externally with cloisonne enamel ;
floral scrolls in colours on a dark green ground. Modern. H.
2 in., diam. 2^- in. 661.

Paib op Cups. Japanese porcelain, coated externally with
cloisonne enamel } inside a flower painted in blue ; the enamel
outside represents medallions and diapers on a lilac grounds
Mark, Dai Nippon Han^suke seiy ^^ Made by Hansuke of Great
Japan." Seto ware, modern. H. 1^ in., diam. 3J in. [PI. X.
122.] - 663.

Pot and Cover. Japanese porcelain ; the inside formed of crackle
porcelain rudely painted ; the outside of dark green lacquer
with decorations in gold ; on the top of cover a dragon, and
round the body two fishes and two phcenixes in gold in alternate
medallions. Modern. Toyosuke ware, made near Nagoya,
province of Owari. H. 3 in., diam. 2f in, 663.

Small Cup. White Chinese porcelain, coated externally with
black lacquer, on which are inlaid dragons in mother-of-pearl,
called by the French, Laque burgautecy see Jacquemart, page
148. H. 1^ in., diam. 2 in. 664.

Small Cup and Sauceb. Japanese porcelain, coated externally
with fine basket work. Inside a bird and bamboo plant painted
in blue enamel. Modern. Diam. 2\ in., 3| in. 065*

A 157.

112

CATALOGUE OF
THE SUPPLEMENTARY COLLECTION.

CLASS I.— CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED.

Section A. — Plain White.

Cup for Libations, oval, in tho form of a rhinoceros horn.
Ivory white Chinese porcelain; on each side is engraved a
Chinese verse relating to drinking. H. 4 in., length 5 in. 670.

Two Six-foil shapbd Cups. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; on
the outside are impressed in faint relief a stork and a branch of
prunus ; on one of them are engraved inscriptions. The bases
are in the form of a circle enclosing a swastika in relief. [Com-
pare PI. XL 139.] H. If in. 671.

From the collection of Mr. Joseph Marryat, who has engraved one of
the bases as a mark of Fokien porcelain. There is no evidence that
the swastika is here more than an ornament.

Taj.l Cup. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; flowering plants
faintly incised in the paste under the glaze. No mark, but
engraved in the paste N=140 and a triangle, being the number
of the Dresden Collection. H. 3^ in. 672.

Tantalus Cup. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; the hollow figure
of a fat man rises from the centre, and has a hole in the lower
part, through which, when the cup is filled, the water enters till
it reaches the top of an internal tube, and runs out of an opening
in the bottom of the cup. H. 2^ in. 673.

Small Vessel in the form of a nelumbium leaf. Ivory white
Chinese porcelain ; the leaf forms the cup-like body resting on
two shells, and the stalk the spout. No mark, but engraved
in the paste N=147 and a triangle, being the number of the
Dresden Collection. H. 1^ in., diam. 3^ by 3 in. 674.

Small Vessel, in the form of a nelumbium leaf, of which the
stalk forms the spout. Ivory white Chinese porcelain ; inside
a small crab in relief, concealing the opening of the spout.
H. 1} in., length 3^ in. 675.

Group in ivory white Chinese porcelain, consisting of a warrior
embracing a lady before a screen, an old, man looking round the
corner ; at the back the trunk of a tree, with a hole for a joss-
stick. H. 4iu. 676.

Group. Ivory white Chinese porcelain. Three figures in a
cavern ; a scene from the legend of Wang Chi, who is looking
on at a game of chess played by two old men. H. 4 in. 677.

Wang Chi, one of the patriarchs of the Taoist sect, flourished under the
Tsin dynasty, B.C. 255-206. Having wandered in the mountains to

SECTION A. — PLAIN WHITE. 113

collect firewood, he entered a cave in which some aged men were
playing at chess. He laid down his axe, and looked on at the game ;
one of the players handed hiiu something which he put into his
mouth. At last one of the players said, '* It is long since you came
here ; go home now." He found that the handle of his axe had
mouldered into dust, and that centuries had passed since he had come
into the mountains. He finally devoted himself to Taoism, and was
considered to have attained immortality. A representation of him
may be found in the Chinese work Lee Seen.

Statuette. White Chinese porcelain ; a goddess standing on
clouds and supporting in her folded arms a roll, her hands covered
with drapery ; at her side a small figure bearing a dish of
peaches. Mark on the back, stamped in the seal character I^
Chih, the maker's name. H. 15J in. [PI. XIII. 157.] 678.

Figure op a Hawk, with vase to hold a joss-stick. Ivory white
Chinese porcelain. H. 4J in. 679.

Figure op a Fish, rising out of the waves of the sea. White
Chinese porcelain. H. 5 in. 680.

Globular Incense Vase on three feet. White Chinese porce-
lain ; pierced cover of a floral design, surmounted by a lion ; on
the body two dragons in relief as handles, four loops for suspen-
sion, and floral scrolls in low relief. H. 7 in. 681.

Kettle. Ivory white Chinese porcelain; ornaments in relief; the
body divided into six compartments, on each of which a panel
enclosing a subject, apparently from the life of a sage ; the flat
cover surmounted by the figure of a lion ; arched handle and
spout. H. 8J in. 682.

Cylindrical Teapot. Ivory white Chinese porcelain; two
dragons in relief, one forming the handle and the other the
spout. No mark, but engraved in the paste N=2 and a
triangle, being the number of the Dresden Collection. H. 5J in.

683.

Bowl. Ivory white Chinese porcelain, very thick, with designs
moulded in relief ; they consist of four subjects in panels, with
inscriptions between them, viz., a monkey catching bees, a fir
tree with the moon, two deer drinking, and plants growing out
of pots. Silver gilt rim. Diam. 6 in. 684.

Basin. White Chinese porcelain. Mark, impressed in low relief,
of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488, (2.2.) Diam. 5^ in.
[PI. I. 7.] 685.

Seal. White Chinese porcelain. A cube surmounted by a lion
monster ; on the under surface an inscription in the seal cha-
racter signifying "The Seal of Kai Toh." Unusually large size.
H. 2 in. 686.

Two Curs. White Chinese porcelain, very thin ; the inside ribbed.
No marky but engraved in the paste N=89 and a triangle, being
the number of the Dresden Collection. H. 2 in., diam. Z\ in.

687.
I 2

114 CLASS I. — CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT PAINTED.

Two Cups. White Chinese porcelain ; pierced ornaments forming
a band, consisting of five rosettes with diaper work between
them. Diam. 3| in. 688.

Dish of peculiar form with wide margin. White Chinese porce-
lain, decorated with gilding ; running scrolls with large chry-
santhemum flowers in an archaic style. Mark of the period
Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.) Diam. 7i in. [PL I. 5.] 689.

Pair op Bottle-shaped Vases on tripod stands. Ivory white
Chinese porcelain ; round the necks are dragons in relief. H. 5
in. 690.

Paib op Bottle-shaped Vasks. White Chinese porcelain, with
ornaments in white biscuit modelled in high relief. Two five-
clawed dragons among clouds, with a pierced ball-like ornament
between them. H. 12 in. , 691.

Bowl and Cover. White Chinese porcelain ; on the bowl four
medallions, on the cover five, with animals and plants in biscuit
in high relief; between the medallions pierced fretwork of a
swastika pattern ; borders of floral scrolls in white slip ; on the
cover a lion. H. 4^ in., diam. 4^ in. 692.

Bowl, Cover, and Stand. White Chinese eggshell porcelain ;
moulded in the form of the petals of a flower, the edges of the
petals gilt ; borders of red and gold. H. 3^ in. Diam. of bowl
4^ in., of stand 6 in. 693.

Vase. White Chinese porcelain, with flowers in low relief.
Known as Nan-tcheou ware. Modern. H. 5 in. 694.

Section B.— Single Coloured Glazes.

Dish. Thick Chinese porcelain, covered with a dark green
celadon glaze over slightly impressed ornaments ; in the centre a
sprig of flowers. Brought from Japan. Diam. 10 in. 695.

Bottle-shaped Vase of Chinese porcelain; consisting of an
inner bottle and an outer casing, pierced round the body in the
form of a floral scroll ; some of the details are engraved, and
the whole is covered with a green celadon glaze. H. 13^ in. 696.

Wedding Libation Cup (tseo), Chinese porcelain, covered with
green celadon glaze ; it is of an oblong form, resting on three
legs ; the bowl is ornamented with leaf-like patterns in relief,
and a diaper enclosing swastikas ; the usual projections on
each side are wanting. Brought from Japan. H. 5 in. 697.

Vase, with swelling body and small neck. Chinese porcelain,
covered with a smooth greyish yellow glaze. H. 7 in. 698.

Shallow Basin. Chinese porcelain, moulded in the form of a
peony flower, and covered with a yellow glaze. Mark incised,
under the glaze, of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.)
Diam. 7 in. [PI. I. 5.] 699,

SECTION B. — SINGLE COLOURED GLAZES. 115

Pair op Basins. Chinese porcelain, covered on the outside with
a yellow glaze. ]Mark in the seal character of the period Taou-
kwang, 1821-1851. H. 2^ in., diam. 4^ in. [PI. III. 29.]

700.

Pair of Basins. Chinese porcelain ; on the outside two dragons
among clouds, and the sacred pearl, faintly engraved in the paste,
and showing through the yellow glaze. Mark in the seal cha-
racter of the period Taou-kwang, 1821--1851. H, 3 in., diam.
6 in. [PI. III. 29.] 701.

Oval Tray in the form of a fruit. Chinese porcelain, covered
with a greyish blue glaze ; inside are inscribed two verses
signifying " The brightness of the spring tarries not ; the four
seasons in the same way return." Mark in the seal character
indistinct. L. 6^ in. 702.

Vessel in the form of a fish resting on waves. Chinese porcelain,
covered with a turquoise glaze. L. 3J^ in. 703.

Tripod Vase {ting). Coarse Chinese porcelain, covered with
dark brown glaze. H. 2^ in. 704.

This has belonging to it a neat Chinese case in hard wood, lined with
silk, and has evidently been considered valaable.

Tray, in the form of a nelumbium leaf with crinkled edges.
Chinese porcelain, covered with a grey glaze. Diam. 6J in.

706.

BASiNy in the form of a six-petalled flower. Coarse Chinese
porcelain, covered with a grey glaze of varying tint. Diam.
e^in. 706.

This may be Japanese.

Jug of peculiar form ; Chinese porcelain, covered outside with a

pale liver-Coloured glaze ; the handle is a flat band, terminating

in raised ornaments. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-

1436. (3.3.) H. Sin. [PI. I. 5.] 707.

Called in Japan, Toko ware.

QuADRANGULAB Vasb, with loops for suspensiou. Chinese porce-
lain, covered with vertical bands of crimson and bluish^grey
glaze ; on the bottom is scratched Kan-t/ei, probably the name
of a former Japanese owner. H. 6| in. 708.

Vase, in the form of the fungus of Longevity; coarse Chinese
porcelain, covered with a crimson glaze with bluish streaks ; the
mouth with a pale greyish blue glaze ; in the prominent parts
the colour of the paste shows through the glaze. H. 15 in. 709.

A vase of the same kind is engraved in Jacquemart and Le Slant,
PI. xiii., fiff. 2. The Chi is a species of fungus, probably the
Polt/porus iucidtiSf which grows at the roots of trees ; when dried, it
is very durable, whence it has been considered by the Chinese as an
emblem of longevity or immortality. Large specmiens of the fungus
itself, or imitations of it in gilt wood, are preserved in the temples,
and representations of it frequently occur in pictores of Lao Tsz«,

116 CLASS I. — CHINESE PORCELAIN NOT TAiNtED.

and the other immoitals. It may be also seen in the mouth of deer
(No. 930). It is not uufrequeutly found as a mark. See PI. viii.,
figs. 97-100. The grass-like leaves that accompany it represent the
actual grass, which is apt to grow through the fungus while it is
yet soft.

Figure of a Man, seated. Coarse Chinese porcelain; flesh left
dull; the dress covered with a deep red glaze; he holds in his
right hand a fan. H. 6\ in. 710.

Figure of a Cat, sitting. Coarse Chinese porcelain, covered
with a deep red glaze. Mark stamped Hwang-yun ki, " The
mark of Hwang-yun." Modern. H. 6J in. 711.

Two THICK Cups. Chinese porcelain ; the outside covered with
a dull crimson glaze. H. 1| in., diam. 2| in. 712.

Bastn. Chinese porcelain, covered wi^th a deep maroon glaze.
Mark, in the seal character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-
1795. Diam. o\ in. [PI. III. 26.] 713.

Gourd-shaped Bottle, in three stages. Chinese porcelain,
covered with a rich brown glaze, becoming paler tow^ards the
top. H. 1\ in. 714.

Pair of Vases in the form of a fungus, the emblem of longevity.
Coarse Chinese porcelain, covered with a streaky brown glaze ;
the central stems which form the vases are surrounded by a
group of smaller plants of the same kind, all growing out of
rocks. H. 8 in. 715.

Oyiform Vase. Chinese porcelain, covered with a deep violet
glaze, in which is an irregular streak of a lighter colour ; ormolu
mounts. H. 6 in. 716.

Vase, with spreading base and small neck. Dense red Chinese
ware, covered with a streaky glaze of a grejish blue ; the neck
of an olive colour. Mark stamped, Koh Ming Tsiang chi,
"Made by Koh Ming Tsiang." II. 11 in. [Pi. VI. 71.] 717.

Oviform Vase, without neck. Dense Chinese ware, covered
with a dark blue glaze, streaked with greyish green, passing
into brown round the mouth. Mark stamped Koh Ming Tsiang
chi " Made by Koh Ming Tsiang.'^ H. 10^ in. [PI. VI. 71.]

718.

Oviform Vase, without neck. Dense Chmeso ware, covered
with a dark brown glaze, mottled with greyish blue. Mark,
stamped in the seal character, indistinct, but apparently. Keen
Yuen kai te, ** The respect of Keen Yuen." H. 9^ in. 719.

Vase, with flat top and no neck. Red Chinese ware, covered with
a speckled glaze, grey and purple ; on one side a large streak of
a lighter colour. H. 7f in. 720.

Bottle-shaped Vase, with wide mouth. Chinese porcelain,
covered with a speckled purple and gi'ey glaze, getting lighter
towards the fopt H. 8^ in. 721.

SECTION B. — SINGLE COLOURED GLAZES. 117

Six-STDED Incense Buhner. Chinese porcelain, covered with
a dark red glaze streaked with buff. H. 4 in. 722.

Low Vase, with two hanrlles in the form of monsters' heads,
with projecting tongues. Chinese porcelain, covered with a
copper-coloured glaze with metallic speckles. H. 2\ in., diam.
5 in. 723.

Teapot, of a melon shape. Chinese porcelain, covered with a
mottled green and brown glaze, the handle in the form of a
mouse. L. 6^ in. 724.

BoTTLK-SHAPED Vasb. Chinese porcelain, covered with a dark
speckled green glaze, imitating bronze. H. 6 in. 725.

Quadrangular Vase, with loops for suspension. Chinese porce-
lain, covered with a dull green glaze, resembling patinated
bronze. Mark, stamped in the seal character, of the period
Kea-king, 1796-1821. H. 11^ in. [PI. III. 28.] 726.

Sent from Fekin as a specimen of the colour known as Cha-ycuf-moh
yeoUf or ground tea-leaf colour. A sumptuary law restricts the
use of this colour to the Emperor, tq evade which collectors sur-
round specimens with wire, to make them appear broken, and
therefore, accordiug to Chinese notions, worthless. See Gazette
des Beaux Arts, 1877, p. 230.

Bottle-shapej> Vase, with wide mouth. Chinese porcelain,
covered with a slightly mottled olive green glaze, imitating
bronze. H. 4^ in. 727.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, covered with a pale coffee-coloured

glaze; outside, engraved in the paste, two dragons and the

sacred pearl. Mark of the period Chifig-hwa, 1465-1488.

(3.3.) Diam. 7i in. [PL I. 6.] 728.

Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, covered with a coffee-
coloured glaze, over which are designs outlined in silver, being
in the centre a formal flower, beyond which two vases with
flowers ; outside two similar designs. Diam. 8 J in. 729.

These maj perhaps be Japanese.

Girdle Hook. Chinese porcelain, covered with a bluish-green
glaze, in imitation of green jade ; it terminates in a lion's head,
and is ornamented with a dragon in high relief. L. 3^ in.

730.

Section C. — Glazes of several Colours.

Cylindrical Vase. Chinese porcelain, covered with a very pale
celadon glaze ; on it two fishes in slight relief, coloured red under
the glaze. Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.)
H. 6| in. [PI. I. 5.] 731.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain with engraved designs, repre-
senting two four-clawed dragons among clouds, with the sacred
pearl in the centre, all coloured lilac ; the ground glazed green.

118 CLASS I."«»OHINBSB POKOEI.AIN NOT PAINTED.

The margin of the back covered ^ith yellow glaee. Mark of
the period T'ien-k'i, 1621-1627. (3:3.) Diam. Tf in. [PI. Xn.
145.] 732.

Lamp or Yasb. Coarse Chinese porcelain, with engraved orna-
ments, representing fishes and other marine animals and plants,
in purple and yellow on a green ground. In the upper part
four wheel-like piercings. In the hollow foot three holes for
suspension. H. 9^ in. 733.

CLASS IL— CHINESE CRACKLE PORCELAIN.

Plats. Chinese crackle porcelain, of a buff colour, coarsely
painted in grey ; a phoenix on a rock, border of scale work
interrupted by four medallions containing flowers. Diam. 7 in.

734.

This resembles the fragments of crackle porcelain found at B^apur, in
India (see No. 97a), and may be of considerable antiquity.

Flask-shaped Botiui, with two handles, Chinese crackle
porcelain, pale grey. H. 7 in» 735.

Low Yasr, on three small feet, with two loops as handles.
Chinese celadon porcelain of a bluish tint, coarsely crackled.
Mark, in the seal character, of the period Yung<;hing, 1723-
1736. [PL IIL 25.] H. 4 in., diam. 8 in. 736.

Shallow Dish. Thick Chinese crackle porcelain, pale brown.
Diam. 8^ in. 737.

Vase, with swelling body. Chinese porcelain, covered with
splashes of crimson, purple, and brown glazes, showing in places
the pale day beneath, and erackled. H. 12^ in. 738.

Sent from Fekin as a specimen of the colour known as the L^-kan-
yeouy or " Mule's liver colour." See History of Eing-te-chin, p. 194.

Bottle. Chinese crackle porcelain, ornamented with irregular
patches of crimson, brown and blue. H. 6\ in. 739.

Jug and Cover, of peculiar form. Crackled Chinese porcelain,
covered with a dark bluish-green glaze, passing into turquoise
under the foot. H. 11 in. 740.

Pair of Shallow Basins. Chinese porcelain, coated inside
and out with a deep turquoise glaze, minutely crackled ; bottom
unglazed. H, 2^ in., diam. 7 in. 741.

Yase, with small neck. Dense red Chinese ware, covered with a
greenish turquoise glaze, crackled, on which are designs in
black ; three panels, two of them enclosing figures, and one the
sacred hare ; borders above and below. H, lOj in. 742.

V"ase. Coarse Chinese porcelain of peculiar decoration, the snrface
having been first ornamented with floral scrolls painted in black,
over this has been floated a thick glaze, partially crackled, and
at intervals are irregular splashes of crimson and bluish grey
glaze. H. 15f in. 743.

SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 119

CLASS III.---CHINESE PORCELAIN, WITH WHITE

SLIP DECORATION.

Globular Vessel, with small neck. Chinese porcelain, with a
coffee-coloured glaze, on which are moulded in white slip two
groups of plants ; an ornamental border round the neck,
H. 6 in. 744.

Deep Dish. Chinese porcelain, covered with a greyish blue
glaze, on which is a decoration in white slip ; in the centre a
formal flower ; around, four plants of a strange character ;
border of circles. Diam. 15^ in. 746.

CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

Section A. — Painted in Blue.

Flask-shaped Bottle, with two handles. Chinese porcelain,
coarsely painted in blue ; on each face a branch of peach. It
has a carved stand, and is contained in a case of hard wood lined
with silk ; on the lid of the box is engraved in fine characters,
Seuen isze pno yueh pingy "The precious moon [shaped] vase
of Seuen pottery ,'' followed by the name Tsze-King, probably
an owner's name. H. 3^ in. 746.

The term Seuen potteiy may either refer to pottery of the period
Seuen-tih (1426-1436), 'vrith the elaborate finish of which it does
not accord, or it may signify the pottery of Seuen-tcheou, province
of Eeang-nan, where porcelain was made under the dynasties of
Yuen (1260-1267) and Mmg (1368-1644). See History of
King-^-chin, p. 23.

Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; on the body four
monsters, and symbols among clouds above the waves of the
sea ; on the neck stiff leaves and two narrow borders. H. 11 in.

747.

EwEB, with long spout. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue. On
each side a panel with flowers ; the rest of the surface decorated
with sprigs and symbols. The handle and cover replaced in the
East by metal. Mark, within a square, of the period Seuen-tih,
1426-1436. (2.2.) H. 9 in. 748.

Gourd-shaped Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue,
with an archaic pattern copied from bronze. Mark, in the seal
character, of the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. H. 8 in.
pPl. III. 29.] 749.

Yasb and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; panels
enclosing flowering plants growing out of vases. The foot is
■tilted. Mark, a flower. H. 6 in. [PI. XIH. 167.] 750.

Pair of Bottles (sprinklers), with narrow necks. Chinese
porcelain; painted in blue ; around the shoulder a formal archaic
pattern. Mark, Ya^ <* Elegant." [Upper -character of PL V.
47.] H. 4}in, 751.

120 GLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

Gourd-shaped Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue,
with stiff" floral patterns. Mark, Fa, ^* Elegant." H. 4J in.

752.

Hexagonal Jug, with high handle and flat cover. Chinese
porcelain, painted in blue ; on the body, formal floral patterns ;
on the neck and cover, symbols. Mark, a hare. H. 5^ in.
[PI. XIII. 165.] 753.

Jug and^ Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; six lobes
on the body, on four of which female figures, in front a boy, and
at the back the fungus of longevity ; on the upper part flowers,
and on the cover the boy repeated. Silver mounting. H. 5^ in.

754.

Ewer and Cover, with flowing handle and spout. Chinese
porcelain, painted in blue, with formal flowers and bands of
various patterns. H. 9J in. 755.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a large medal-
liqn enclosing a landscape with four geese, border of formal
flowers and scrolls ; outside^ six medallions with birds in land-
scapes, the spaces between being filled up with a swastika
pattern left in relief ; border of hexagon diaper, H. 6^ in.,
diam. 14 in. 756.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a cireular
medallion with a (cruciform pattern, suggested apparently by
two Buddhist dorges crossed, around six leaf-shaped orna-
ments, somewhat of an Indian style; outside, six similar
ornaments and a border of zigzag pattern filled in with clouds.
H. 6^ in., diam. 14 J in. 757.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; inside, a medallion
with a four-clawed dragon among clouds ; border of swastika
pattern ; outside, two four-clawed dragons with sacred pearls
over the waves of the sea. Mark, Schwei ftih hung yung^
" For the public use of the general's hall." H. 6 in., diam.
V6\ in. [PI. XII. 150.] 758.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a large
seal character ; around it and outside, bands of Sanscrit cha-
racters. Mark of the period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. (3.3.)
Diam n\ in. [PI. I. 12.] 759.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; the designs are coarsely
executed and outlined in dark blue, nearly black, the details filled
in with lighter blue ; inside, a medallion with the god of old
age seated on a stork floating on clouds above the sea ; outside,
four medallions, each enclosing two figures ; the spaces between
diapered with the word Show^ " Longevity ;*' border of octagons
enclosing flowers. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488.
(3.3.) H. 3f in., diam. 8| in. [PI. I. 6.] 760.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a butterfly on a
pear and a floral border ; outside, three medallions with three

J

SECTION A.-**PAINTEt) IN BLUE* 121

hares, surrounding the Ying-yang amid clouds ; between them
detached sprigs of flowers. Mark of the period Ching-hwa,
1465-1488. (3.3.) Diam. 7| in. [PI. I. 6.] 761.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a medallion with
four boys surrounding a fifth, who is holding up a helmet ;
border of quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by six medallions en-
closing symbols. On the outside, four subjects, apparently form-
ing a continuous story ; they are divided from each other by
clouds. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.)
H. 4 in., diam. 8 in. [PL I. 6.] 762.

Fluted Basin, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; inside, a bird on a rock, around which are eight panels with
flowers, separated by tassels; outside, eight panels with vases or
symbols, also separated by tassels. H. 3 in., diam. 5 J in. 763.

A similar bowl in the National MuHemn at Munich \» stated to have
belonged to William V., Duke of Bavaria, 1579-J597.

Basin, of which the sides are moulded in scale work. Chinese por-
celain, painted in blue ; inside, a medallion with a bird on a
flowering shrub ; outside, a flower on each scale, and a wavy
border. Mark, a seal character, Showj " Longevity." H. 2j^ in.,
diam. 4i in. [PI. XIII. 170.] 764.

Shallow Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a
flower in the centre, and four plants growing out of rocks ; out-
side, groups of vases, &c. Mark, a symbol, two rolls. H. 3 in.,
diam. 8^ in. [PI. XIII. 166.] 765.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on the outside a
pattern formed of repetitions of a weeping willow. Mark, a
flower. H. 3^ in., diam. 7 in. [PI. XIII. 168.] 766.

Basin, with indented edge and twelve lobes in slight relief.
Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a flower ; outsi(le, a
floral sprig on each lobe, above which a series of symbols similar
to the mark engraved in Plate IX. 106. Mark, a lozenge-shaped
symbol. Diam. 6 in. [PI. XIII. 162.] 767.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a four-clawed
dragon among clouds, continued over the edge to the outside.
Mark, Pao shing, "Inexpressibly precious." Diam. 6| in.
[PI. XII. 155.] 768.

Sauceb Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a large kylin,
and a plantain. Mark, in a formal character, Yuh-tang kea ke,
" Beautiful vessel of the Jade Hall." Diam. 14 in, [PL XII.
148.] 769.

Deep Sauces Dish, with sixteen foliations moulded in relief.
Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a flower sur-
rounded by six symbols ; round this, a double range of sixteen
pear-shaped panels with a seal character Show, ** Longevity,'*
alternating with a flower ; near the edge, the swastika repeated j

122 CLASS IV.— GUINESB PAINTED PORCELAIN.

on the outside, a range of pear-shaped panels like those within,
and a second i^ange with swastikas. Diam. 13 in. 770.

Saucisr Dish, with flattened indented edge. Chinese porcelain,
painted in hlue ; the sides ribbed ; in the centre, a phoenix among
scrolls ; borders of various patterns. Mark, Fuh kwei ehang
chun, '* Riches, honour, and an eternal spring." Diam. 7f in.
[PI. VI. 74.] 771.

Saucbr Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a four-
clawed dragon among clouds, continued over the edge to the
outside. Mark, Set yuh, '^ Western jade." Diam. 8 in. [PL XII.
153.] 772.

The best jade comef to China from the countries to the west.

Sauckb. Chinese porcelain, coarsely painted in a grejish blue ;
in the centre the word Show^ ^^ Longevity,'' surrounded bj three
phoenixes ; bottom covered with rough sand from the baking.
Diam. 6J in. 773.

Sauosr Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with lions and
floral symbols ; outside, a floral scroll, engraved in the paste ;
brown edge. Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 1522-^1^67. (3.3.)
Diam. 6^ in. [PI. I. 10.] . 774.

Saucbr Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a quatrefoil
with a chrysanthemum in the centre ; on each lobe a seated
figure with railing behind ; in the spacer a flower. Diam. 8 in.

775.

Saucer Dish, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; in the centre, a sage seated near a table, and a bird before
him ; round the side, panels enclosing fruit, with tassels between
them ; outside, similar decoration. Diam. 8 in. 776.

Saucer Dish, of eight-foil pattern. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue ; in the ceutre, a landscape with water ; border of storks
and plants ; outside, two birds flying, and two perched on trees.
Diam. 8 in. 777.

Saucer Dish, with wavy edge, and six double and twelve single
foliations in the border. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in
the centre, branches of flowers ; in the single foliations a small
flower, in the others a larger one ; border of flowering branches ;
outside the same design as within. Mark, a circular symbol.
Diam, 8i in. [PL XIH. 164.] 778.

Saucer Dish, with indented edge. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; in the centre five sages examining a scroll, on which is
represented the Yang and Yin ; on the border eight symbols,
between which are the trigrams known as the Pa-kwa (see PI.
C. 19.) Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.)
Diam. 6^ in. [PL I. 6.] 779.

Saucer Dish, with fluted sides. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; in the centre, a crab among marine animals and plants; on

SECTION A. — PAINTED IN Bl-UE. 123

the border, four fishes with similar adjoncts. Mark,, a seal
character, Shmoj *' Longevity." Diam. 8 in. [PL XIII. 170.]

780.

Two Saucer Dishes. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with
the design left in white ; a bird perched on a fruit tree ; wavy
brown edge. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.)
Diam. 6 in. [PI. I. 6.] 781.

Eight-bided Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the
centre, a river scene, with a man crossing a bridge ; round this,
a narrow border divided into two portions, one of them with a
trellis diaper, the other with birds and prunus blossoms, placed
alternately ; the border divided into eight compartments, four
of them with quatrefoil panels on a pale blue, ground, enclosing
plants, &c. ; the other four with different patterns, one of them
being a landscape wiih two figures gazing upwards ; at the back,
plants. Mark of the period Hung-woo, 1368-1399. (3.3.)
Diam. 13^ in. [PI. 1. 3.] ^ 782.

Flat Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre,
emblems of longevity, viz., an old pine tree, two deer, and two
storks ; border of scattered prunus flowers and bamboo leaves
on a blue ground ; at the back, five bats, emblems of the Five
Happinesses. Mark, in the seal character, Lin Chang-tsee
tsaouy " Made by Lin Chang-tsee." Diam. 14^ in. [PI. XIII.
161.] 783.

Plate, with raised central boss. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; in the centre, a circular ornament surrounded by eight
symbols ; on the border, patches of diaper and four formal-
flowers. Diam. 8 in. 784.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, flower-
ing plants growing out of water, and two storks ; border of
quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by four medallions enclosing plants
growing out o£ rocks ; on the back, four symbols. Mark, the
shell symbol, and engraved in the paste N=o88 and a zigzag,
the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 8^ in. [PI. VII.
80.] 785.

Deep Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the eentre,
a scene representing a young man leaning on a table asleep ;
from his head proceeds a large scroll, intended to represent a
dream, on which are a young student, probably the dreamer,
and a young lady, who appear to be separated by a warrior
armed with a sword ; inner border of diaper with four medal-
lions enclosing crustaceans, &c. ; outer border, flowering plants
and ducks on water. Mark, Yew-lai, " The arrival of friends."
Diam. 6^ in. [PI. XII. 154.] 786.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre is a
scene from the legend of Wang Chi, who is represented as a
countryman looking on at a game of chess played by two seated

124 GLASS i v.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

old men ; border of quatrefoil diaper, interrupted by three medal-
lions with two figures in each, a fisherman and another.
Diam. 8^ in. 787.

For the legend of Wang Chi, see No. 677.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a run-
ning pattern with chrysanthemums ; borders blue with white
birds and flowers. Mark of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-
1488. (3.3.) Diam. 6| in. [PI. I. 6.] 788.

Two Plates. Chinese porcelain, rudely painted in greyish blue ;
in the centre two deer in a landscape ; around, fruit and flowers
in compartments. Diam. 8 in. 789.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; in the centre, a
medallion enclosing three fishes twisted together, around which
a running scroll ; border of flowers. Diam. 8^ in. 790.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; formal white flowers
on a blue ground. Mark, a seal character. Diam. 8J in. 791.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a land-
scape with a flowering tree, from which proceed eight lobes
enclosing flowers ; on the back, branches. Mark, a four-leaved
flower. Diam. 8^ in. [Compare PI. IX. 102.] 792.

Three Cups of various sizes, part of a nest. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; on each of them two four-clawed dragons
among clouds with the sacred pearl. Mark of the period Kea-
tsing, 1522-1567. (2.2.) Diam. of largest 3 in. 793.

Two Cups. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; a sage seated
under a tree, and a boy with a fan ; in the air, constellations.
Mark of the period Seuen-tih, 1426-1436. (3.3.; Diam. 3| in.
[PI. I. 5.] 794.

Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in dark blue ; in the
centre, a medallion with the fungus of longevity ; from the side
proceed branches of the three trees of longevity, the fir, pioinus,
and bamboo. Mark of the period Lung-king, 1567-1573.
(2.2.) Diam. 5J in. [PI. I. 11.] 795.

Two Tall Cups and Saucers. Chinese eggshell porcelain,
painted in blue ; on each, eight wavy gadroons enclosing flower-
ing plants. Mark, a fungus. Diam. 3^ in., 5-Jin. [PI. VIII.
97.] 796.

Octagonal Cup anb Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; in the centre of each, a circular medallion ; on the sides,
eight panels enclosing growing plants. Mark, a flve-petalled
flower. Diam. 3 in., 5 in. [PI. IX. 104.] 797.

Hexagonal Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; on the saucer, a sixfoil, enclosing a flying bird, on a
ground imitating stonework, tinted blue ; around it, flowers on
a dark blue ground ; on the cup, border of a formal leaf pattern,

SECTION A. — PAINTED IN BLUE. 125

and a ground imitating stonework. Mark, an indistinct seal
character. Diam. 2 J in., 4 J in. 798.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; stiff floral
pattern in white on a blue ground. Mark, an insect. Diam.
3^ in., 5J in. [PI. IX. J 08.] 799.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; round the
outside of the cup, and in the centre of the saucer, a lady feeding
storks, with an attendant who holds an umbrella over her head ;
two narrow borders, one of network ; inside the cup, a scroll
enclosing a duck swimming; outside the saucer, seven insects.
Diam. 2^ in., 4^ in. 800.

Nine-sided Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, the
stag of longevity ; outside, the god of Longevity seated, and the
Fa-sien, or eight immortals, standing on clouds. Diam. 3^ in.

801.

Two Cups. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, a lady
seated ; outside, four pairs of ladies with a plant between them.
Mark, Shing yew ya che^ " The elegant manufaiiture of the
Holy Friends."' Diam. 2^ in. [PL XH. 151.] 802.

Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a
landscape with a lady and her attendant. Mark, Nan-chuen
kin yuh, " The elegant jade of Nan-chuen." Diam. 4J in.
[PI. XII. 149.] 803.

Nan-chuen is in the province of Sze-chuen, but the only place in that
province mentioned in the History of King-te-chin as a manufactory'
of porcelain is Ta-i, in the department of Khiong-tcheou, which
existed under the Thang dynasty ( Julien, p. 8).

Two Cups. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; rice plants and
three geese. Mark of the period Tsung-ching, 1628-1644.
iJiam. 3J in. [PI. XII. 146.] 804.

Two Diminutive Sauckrs. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
inside, a four-clawed dragon ; outside, two phoenixes among
clouds. Mark of the period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (2.2.2.)
Diam. 2^ in. [PI. II. 14.] 805.

Quadrangular Incense Burner, in the form of a vase, on four
legs with two upright handles. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue; on each face is a landscape ; on the cover a lion. Mark,
Wan yuh, « Rare jade." H. 3^ in. [PI. V. 49.] 806.

Fire Vase, somewhat barrel shaped. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue ; round the body a running scroll with flowers, above
and below which are raised bands. Mark, Ta Ming THen-kH
yuen nien, " The first year of the period T'ien-k'i of the Great
Ming [dynasty]." A.D. 1(621. H. 2{ in., diam. 2^ in. [Com-
pare PI. XIT. 145.] 807.

Six-sided Canister. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on
each face a similar Chinese water-scene ; borders blue ; on the

126 Cr^ASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

top five bats. Mark of the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1861.
(2.2.) H. 4^ in. [PL II. 18.] 808.

CisoiTLAR Box AND CovfiR. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
a cinquefoil ornament on cover; formal patterns on the side.
Mark of the period Kea-tsing, 1522-1567. (3.3.) Diam.
2i in. [PI, I. 10.] 809.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in grejish blue. A panel with
figures in a boat, and a long inscription, illustrating the subject,
out of the Chih-pih fuh, the composition of Su She, a celebrated
poet, A.D. 1036--1101. Inside, two borders and the date of the
period Yung-lo, 1403-1424. (2.2.) [PL I. 4.] Diam. 6^ in.

810.

Massive Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue; on the
outside, a panel with a Chinese subject, a boat, with an awning,
on a river, containing five figures ; the rest of the surface
covered with a long inscription of over 38 columns, an extract
from the Chih-pih fuh, a treatise by the Chinese poet Su She,
A.D. 1036-1101. Inside, two bands of scroll work inter-
rupted by flowers, surrounding an inscription with the date
of the Chinese period Yung-lo, 1403-1424. Mark, in the seal
character, of the Chinese Tsing dynasty. Diam. 6^ in. 811.

This is a Japanese copy, aa shoim by pecuUaritiet in the writing.

Two Small Basins. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; on
the outside, Chinese subjects; on the inside, two bands of
scroll work, interrupted by flowers, surrounding an inscription,
with the date of the period Yung-lo, 1403-1424. (2.2.)
H. 2 in., diam. 4 in. 812.

Ctlind&ical Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue; a foui>clawed dragon among clouds. Mark of the period
Keen-lung, 1736-1795. (2.2.) H. 3J in. 813.

Square Tils. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue. Within a
raised circle is a figure of a Buddhist saint riding on a buffalo ;
at the corners, clouds. Width 7f in. 814.

Section B. — ^Painted in Blue, with otheb Colours under

THE Glaze.

Goubd-shaped Bottle in two stages. Chinese porcelain, painted
in blue, with details in maroon ; on the lower stage, ^re
ladies playing on musical instruments ; on the upper, a peach
tree, of which the fruit is in slight relief and coloured maroon ;
border round the neck of circles enclosing swastikas. H. 9 in.

815.

Basin. Chinese porcelain; ornamented with two branches of
prunus {met hwd), on which are perched birds, the latter and
the stems painted in blue, the flowers in relief in white, and the
details touched in with maroon ; inside, a fungus. M ark, a seal
character. H. 4;^ in., diam. 7| in. 816,

SECT. B.— PAINTED IN BLUE^ ETC. UNDER THE GLAZE. 127

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in bine ; inside, a flower and a
border ; outside covered with a Nankin yellow glaze. Mark, a
symbol of two rolls. Diam. 4| in. [PI. XIII. 166.] 817.

Two Cups. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and maroon
under the glaze ; inside, a sprig ; outside, three plants. Mark
of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) Diam. 3^ in.
[PL I. 6.] 818.

Pair op Shallow Bowls. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue
and maroon under the glaze. In one, a stork and a nelumbium
plant ; in the other, a cat and a branch of fi*uit ; in both, a square
enclosing an inscription in the seal character, Yuh-tang kea key
^* Beautiful vessel of the Jade Hall." Diam. 5^ in. 819.

Shallow Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and maroon
under the glaze ; inside, growing plants. Mark, Vuh-tang kea
key '^Beautiful vessel of the Jade Hall.*' Diam. 7 in. [PI. XII.
148.] 820.

Two Cups. Chinese porcelain ; in the bottom, a circular medal-
lion enclosing a landscape, painted in blue ; the rest of the cup,
inside and out, covered with a coffee- coloured glaze. No mark,
but engraved in the paste N 461 and a zigzag, the number of
the Dresden Collection. Diam. 2 J in. 821.

Saucer with raised socket. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue
and maroon under the glaze ; in the centre, the seal character
Show J " Longevity"; around, figures of the eight immortals stand-
ing on various animals among the waves of the sea ; outside,
five bats. Mark in a square, Yang-ho tang chiy " Made at the
Yang-ho HaU." H. 4| in. [PI. XII. 147.] 822.

Ctlindbical Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue
and maroon under the glaze. A mythological scene, with twelve
figures, a rocky island surmounted Jby a pagoda and inscribed
Kinshan szcy ** Golden Isle Temple." On it is seated a per-
sonage with attendants, watching a combat between divinities
of water and air, near which is a boat with two women, one
directing the boat, the other armed with two swords. Mark of
the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. H. 3^ in. [PI. II. 15.]

823.

The Kin-shan or Golden Isle is a picturesque rocky island in the Yang-
tze-kiangy near Chin-kiang-fu, once coTcred with Buddhist monas-
teries, and surmounted by a pagoda. It received its name on a visit
from the Emperor Kang-he in 1684 ; but the huildings on it were
destroyed by the Taipings in 1860. There is a view of it in Yule's
Marco Polo, 2nd ed. II. 157.

Ctlindjrical Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue
and maroon under the glaze. Sea monsters floating on waves.
H. 3 in. 824.

Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue and maroon
under the glaze; landscape with man fishing; silver stopper
A 167. K

128 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN. .

with pink coral bead. Maik of the period Yung-cbing, 1723-
1736. (2.2.) H. 3iin. [PL II. 15.] 825.

Section C— Painted in Colours over the Glaze.

Figure of Tsao Kwoh-yung, one of the eight immortals, seated.
Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; he wears a black court
cap, a green dress with storks and clouds, and holds in his
left hand castanets; hexagonal pedestal with diaper in front
and a lozenge-shaped symbol behind. H. 5| in. 826.

Figure of Leu Tung-pin, one of the eight immortals, standing.
Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; he wears a court head-
dress, and a chequered robe with a sword hilt near one shoulder,
and holds a £[7 flap in the right ^and ; pedestal in the form of
the waves of the sea. H. 9 in. 827.

Figure of Han Chung-le, one of the eight immortals, standing.
Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; he has a long white
beard, and wears a green dress outlined with flowers, and bears
over his shoulders a branch of peach. H. 10^ in. 828.

Pair of Wall Ornaments, in the form of swallows with raised
wings. Chinese porcelain painted in colours ; the one nearly
full face, with purple breast, the other turned aside, with yellow
breast. H. 6^ in. 829.

Pair of Wall Ornaments. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours, with gilding. They consist of quadrangular plaques,
with a kylin's head in full relief on each ; towards the upper
part, openings for suspension ; the whole surface painted with an
elaborate subject representing an old man with two boys ap-
proaching two females in a doorway ; in the corners, bats in low
relief. 8i in. by 5 J in. 830.

Vase, with cylindrical neck and a quadrangular body tapering
downwards. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on the neck,
a landscape with a boat and trees growing out of rocks ; on the
body, four scenes : 1 . The Emperor seated at a table, with a
military attendant and mandarin rubbing ink ; in front, two
figures. 2. Three mandarins holding their sceptres and attended
by their fan bearers, one pointing to the sun. 3. A figure
kneeling before the Emperor on horseback with three military
attendants. 4. A figure kneeling before the Emperor, seated,
with four attendants. H. 19 in. 831.

Vase and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with
groups of boys playing at various games. H. 15^ in. 832.

Bottle-shaped Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with
yellow enamelled ground ; three five-clawed dragons among
clouds above the waves of the sea, out of which one of them is
rising. H. 13 in. 833.

J

SECl*. 0. — PAINTED IN COLOUKS OVEtt THE GLAZE. 129

Diminutive Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue with touches
of other colours ; formal scrolls and flowers. Mark, in the seal
character, of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. H. 2 in.
[PI. lU. 25.] ' 834.

Oviform Vase. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding ; two medallions enclosing Chinese subjects, with
eight to ten figures in each, between them running branches
with coloured flowers in full relief. H. 10 in. 835.

Oviform Vase and Cover. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted
in blue under the glaze and in colours with gilding ; two large
panels enclosing Chinese domestic scenes, with three figures
and a boy in each ; between them two small medallions with
landscapes in red, and a broad band of flowers on a ground of
gilt scrolls; on the cover two medallions with landscapes in red;
artichoke-like fruit as knob. H. 18^ in. 836.

Pair op Oviform Vases. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue
under the glaze and other colours ; two ladies in a boat, one
holding a child ; growing plants ; in the air a bat and but-
terflies. H. 5| in. 837.

Oviform Vase. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours with
gilding ; four five-clawed dragons, each of them of a different
colour, among clouds ; lavender coloured ground ; the inside
and foot of a pale green. Mark impressed and coloured red,
Shun-tih tang chiy << Made at the Shun-tih Hall." H. 8f in.
[PI. IV. 35.] 838.

Leaf-shaped Box, surmounted by the figure of a lion playing
with its whelp. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly
green ; round the sides of the box a running scroll of flowers.
H. 2\ in., L. 3 in. 839.

Eight-sided Bowl. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours,
with gilding ; inside, a sage seated on a carpet with books, &c. ;
border of a quatrefoil pattern in yellow and green, inter-
rupted by four panels enclosing chrysanthemums ; on the out-
side, eight panels with Chinese subjects relating principally to
wine drinking, in one of them a figure kneeling before an idol
with incense burning ; deep border of green and yellow. Mark
of the period Ching-hwa, 1465-1488. (3.3.) Diara. 8^ in.
[PI. I. 6.] 840.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue„ with a bright red
ground ; a very formal floral design. Mark of the period Ching-
hwa, 1465-1488 (3.3.), and a pricked character Tmw, probably
the name of a former owner. Diam. 7 J in. [PI. I. 6.] 841.

Pair op Bowls. Chinese porcelain ; inside painted in blue ; two
children, one of them riding a hobby horse ; outside a brilliant
red, with scrolls and flowers of an archaic style in gold. Mark
of the period Yung-lo, 1403-1425. (3.3.) Diam. 4| in.
[PI. I. 4.1 842.

K 2

130 GLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.*

Two Bowls. Chinese porcelain ; the inside painted in blae,
with a figure of a literary man holding a branch ; the outside
coloured of an orange red, with formal flowers and scrolls in
gold. Mark Tan-kwei, ^ Red Olive," a metaphor for literary
honours. H. 2J in., diam. 4^ in. [PL XII. 156.] 843.

Basik. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; inside, a branch of
peony ; outside, a pheasant on a rock, from which spring peonies
and a tree with large green flowers. Mark, a four legged vase.
Diam. 7 J in. [PL IX. 111.] 844.

Bowl and Cover. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours; in-
side each, a stork with extended wings, forming a circular
medallion ; outside, phoenixes alternating with four-clawed
dragons disposed in circles ; borders of stiff scrolls and flowers.
Mark, a seal character. H. 5 in., diam. 6 in. 845.

Basin. Chinese porcelain ; inside plain ; the outside with three
circular medallions enclosing red flowers, the intervening spaces
coloured green, and ornamented "with subjects outlined in black.
Mark, in the seal character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795.

. Diam. 9i in. [PL III. 26. j 846.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours with gilding;
four medallions enclosing lanterns and vases, between which
conventional flowers and scrolls. Mark, in red, of the period
Heen-fung, 1851-1862. (3.3.) Diam. 7 in. [PL II. 19.]

847.

Pair of Bowls and Covers. Chinese porcelain of a bluish
paste ; the outside coloured sea-green and ornamented with
branches of a flowering plant in green and red. Mark of the
period Kang-he, 1661-1722. (2.2.2.) Diam. 4^ in. [PL II.
14.] 848.

P1.1R OF KiCB Bowls. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours
with branches of flowers, and in one case a seal in red. Mark
of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. (2.2.2.) Diam. 3| in.
[PL II. 15.] 849.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain ; outside covered with pink enamel,
on which are a floral band and borders, outlined in red. Mark,
in the seal character, of one of the periods of the Tsing dynasty,
indistinct. Diam. 4J in. 850.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; outside, eight sym-
bols grouped in pairs; borders in red. Mark, in the seal
character, of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. Diam. 41 in.
[PL III. 26.'] 851.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; eight
figures in fantastic dresses carrying symbols, probably ambas-
sadors from the tribes of the Matiy or Southern barbarians.
Mark, in red, in the seal character, of the period Tung-che,
1862-1875. Diam. 4^ in. [PL III. 31.] 852.

SECT.-C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 131

Ewer, with straight handle and flowing spout. Chinese porce-
lain, painted in colours : on the body, eight panels with fruit
and flowers ; on the neck, two five-clawed dragons, and two seal
characters : WiaUy " Ten thousand," and ShotOj " Longevity."
Mark of the period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. (3.3.^ H. 7 in.
[PI. I. 12.] 853.

Ctlindrical Coffee Pot. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ;
the handle and spout covered with green enamel, the rest orna-
mented with formal floral rosettes, irregularly scattered over the
surface, and relieved by a brick-red ground ; impressed borders
of Greek fret ; on the cover a peach in relief. Mark, in black,
Wo-shin nien Leafig-ki shoo^ " Painting of Leang-ki in the
Wo-shin year." The Wo-shin year is the fifth of the cycle,
probably 1808. H. 9J in. [PL XII. 144.] 854.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; inside
red, with a medallion in the centre, bearing an inscription to the
following effect, " The white clouds hang low, so that men meet
them;" outside, circles with patterns in bright colours on a
mottled black ground ; borders of key pattern in red. Mark,
on a square, in black, of the cyclical year Wo-shiny the 5th
year, probably 1808. Diam. 4| in. 855.

Cup. Chinese porcelain ; inside and bottom painted a deep red ;
outside a mottled black, with gilt edge. Mark, on a square, in
black, of the cyclical year Wo-shiny the 5th year, probably 1808.
Diam. 3^ in. 856.

Massiye Circular Stand. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours,
chiefly red. In the centre, an octagon with a five-clawed dragon,
from which proceed four other compartments with similar
dragons, the intermediate spaces filled in with diapers in red ;
border of a lozenge pattern, interrupted by four medallions con-
taining the characters Wan-leih nien chi, being the mark of
the period Wan-leih, 1573-1620; on the thick edge a diaper in
red. Diam. 7^ in. 857.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly red
and green ; in the centre, a five-clawed dragon among clouds ;
on the side, four panels enclosing similar dragons, and plants ;
between them, diapers in red; outside, six symbols. Diam.
7| in. 858.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours ; a basket
containing a group of brilliant flowers ; border of varying diaper
patterns, interrupted by six medallions containing alternately a
butterfly and a flower. Mark, a leaf. Diam. 11 in. [PI. VIII.
91.] 859.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in
the centre a fish with a dragon-like head, rising out of the waves
of the sea, on which peach blossoms are floating ; the animal is
l>lowing a red cloud out of its mouth ; border of floral diaper,

132 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

interrupted by four medallions enclosing monsters* heads.
Mark, in the seal character, Fan^ the maker's name. Diam.
6J in. [PI. XIII. 160.] 860.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, covered with a Nankin yellow glaze,
and painted in green and maroon with a few touches of red ;
plants growing out of rocks ; butterflies round the edge. Mark,
a hare and crescent. Diam. 8^ in. 861.

Dish, with eight raised foliations on the sides. Chinese porcelain,
painted in red and brown with gilding; in the centre the
goddess Kwan-yin, with a child in her arms, appearing to a
man with an attendant holding a state umbrella over his head ;
in the border a flower over each foliation. Diam. 9 in. 862.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in
the centre, water plants outlined in blue under the glaze, and
two ducks and twc other birds ; on the border, the Pa-sien, or
eight immortals, riding on various animals or monsters, among
waves ; between them rocks. Diam. 8J in. 863.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours with gilding; in
the centre, plants growing out of water, and a pair of mandarin
ducks, emblems of connubial felicity ; inner border of yellow
trefoils ; on the edge, the Pa-sien, or eight immortals, standing
on various marine animals, gourds, &c., among the waves of the
sea, which are beating against rocks placed between the figures.
Diam. 8J in. - 864.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, richly enamelled in colours with
gilding ; in the centre, plants growing out of water, and a pair
of mandarin ducks ; inner border of pink diaper with flowers
interrupted by four medallions enclosing symbols ; on the
border, four of the Pa-sien, or eight immortals, riding on ani-
mals, monsters, &c. among waves, with four other figures between
them ; on the rocks are pink flowers. Diam. 8| in. 865.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; in the
centre, a stork with extended wings forming a circular medallion ;
it holds in its beak a branch of the peach-tree of Longevity ; on
the border five similar medallions with fishes between them,
on a ground of a key pattern in black. Diam. 8^ in. - 866.

Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue under the glaze, with
touches of other colours ; inside, a pair of mandarin ducks
among nelumbium plants ; outside, a formal pattern composed of
mandarin ducks and nelumbium plants. Mark, Gae leen chin
chang, *^ Precious reward for the lover of the nelumbium " (the
water lily). Diam. 6 in. [PL XII. 152.] 867.

Deep Plate. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours with gild-
ing ; in the centre, a medallion enclosing a peacock in its pride ;
around it, ^\q panels with a bird on a flowering branch ; the
spaces between them are filled in with a diaper in brown on a
gold ground. Diam. 6^ in. 868.

SECT. C. — PAINTED IN COLOURS OVER THE GLAZE. 133

Plate. Chinese porcelain, decorated in black, gold, and silver ;
in the centre is an European ladj and child seated in a Chinese
house, an European gentleman is approaching her holding a
glass, and another carrying a flower vase ; a floral border, among
which are insects ; beyond this, two formal, borders, and between
them a border of vine leaves and grapes, with squirrels in gold
and silver. Diam. 9 in. 869.

Although representing Europeans, the scene is unquestionably
Chinese, and has been perhaps intended to represent an European
residence in Chiua.

Pair of Deep Plates. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding ; in the centre, a lady on horseback led by
an old man holding a pipe and followed by a boy with rolls ;
on the border, branches of vine with grapes in gilding of different
tints. Diam. 8^ in. 870.

Saucer Dish. (Chinese porcelain enamelled in colours ; in the
centre, a formal pink peony flower ; on the sides, four circles
enclosing seal characters j outside, a formal design of flowers
with the knot symbol on a yellow ground, and four medallions
with the same characters as on the inside, and reading Kieh
siang ju t, a proverbial expression, signifying, " May good luck
be according to your wishes." Diam. 7 in. 871.

Pair of Saucer Dishes. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled
in colours ; in one of them, an old man painting a fan, with
a child looking on ; in the other, two men seated among books
and vases; the backs, excepting the centres, covered with a
fine ruby colour, Diam. 8 in. 872.

Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, with green four-clawed
dragons on a yellow ground ; the outside coloured green. Mark
of the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. (2.2.) Diam. 3^ in.
[PI. II. 18.] 873.

Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted with yeUow enamel
slightly rough, so as to imitate the skin of a lemon. Mark, in
the seal character, not very distinct, but apparently Tsing chin
shin tsang, " Pure gem of the deep treasury." Diam. 6J in.

874.

Oval Tray. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ;
in the centre, a panel with a domestic scene ; a Chinese literary
man and two ladies with books ; around this, a border of
dragons and clouds ; the sides in openwork with an edge of
orange and gold diaper. Diam. 9^ in. by 8 in. 875.

The peculiarity of this dish consists in a space having be«n left plain
in the border of dragons, such as would have been occupied by an
European heraldic device ; it is not easy to see how this could be
added without injury to the present painting and gilding.

Sacrificial Washing Cup. (t.) Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours ; the handle supported by two dragons, with two other

134 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

dragons in relief under the lip ; archaic designs of a bronase
pattern, with rosettes of various colours on a speckled green
ground. L. 4| in. 876.

Compare Jacqnemart and Le Bfant, PI. v., fig. 2.

Teapot. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on each side, a
panel with Chinese figures, a man in a boat, &c. ; on the lid,
spout, and handle, floral scrolls ; beneath the handle a lozenge-
shaped symbol. Mark, a leaf. L. 4J in. [PI. VIII. 93.]

877.

Tea Pot. Chinese porcelain, in the form of a nelumbium flower,
painted in colours ; the sides represent the petals of the flower,
with a floral sprig painted on each ; the handle and spout are
formed of the stems of the plant, and the cover represents the
fruit. H. 4 in. 878.

Hexagonal Tea Pot. Chinese porcelain, with pierced panels in
relief, painted in colours, chiefly black, green, and red ; the
panels on the sides have growing plants, above which is painted
a floral scroll on a black ground ; on the lid, a branch of pnmus
flower ; the handle is in the form of a -fish and the spout issues
from a dragon's head. H. 6 J in. 879.

Hexagonal Teapot. Chinese porcelain, with pierced panels in
relief, painted in colours, chiefly pink ; on the sides, flowering '
plants growing over a trellis ; on the lid, branches of peach tree.
H. 4^ in. 880.

Teapot. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly pink and
green ; the lower part fluted, so as to represent a chrysanthe-
mum flower, coloured pink ; above, branches of flowers; the
handle and spout in the form of stems, from which proceed
branches of chrysanthemum in relief; a similar branch sur-
mounts the cover. H. 4^ in. 881.

Teapot. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on the body, the
Pa-Sien, or eight immortals, riding on various animals through
the waves of the sea ; on the lid, an aged woman and a phoenix.
H. 5^ in. 882.

Milk-pot and Cover, from a service of Chinese eggshell porce-
lain, enamelled in colours ; in front, a medallion enclosing a bird
perched on a rock, from which spring flowering plants ; at the
sides, two medallions with fruit and flowers ; the rest of the
surface is covered with brilliant flowers and scrolls ; the cover
surmounted by a gilt lion. H. 4 J in. 883.

Milk-pot and Cover. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours,
with silver and gilding ; on the front, a leaf- shaped medallion
enclosing a Chinese interior with rich furniture, vases, &c., in
which is a soldier addressing a seated lady ; from the leaf spring
branches of prunus in blue ; the ground covered with a rich
floral diaper of a brocade pi^ttem in red and gold. H. 5 in. 884,

SECT. O. PAINTED IN COLOURS OYER THE GLAZE. 136

Oblong Tba-caddt. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; on
the two larger sides, pairs of cocks fighting ; on the others, growing
plants ; a chrysanthemum on the cover. H. 3 J in. 885.

Oblong Tea-caddy, with truncated angles. Chinese porcelain,
painted in colours with gilding ; the body has on it engraved
plants, and is coloured of a turquoise blue, excepting half panels
with flowers in red and gold on a blue ground; on the flat
shoulders, floral ornaments in green and gold ; on the cover, a
red flower with green leaves. H. 4 in. 886.

Vase-shaped Tea-caddt. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours
with gilding ; on the body, a circular panel with vases containing
fruit and flowers, and two lozenge-shaped panels with flower
branches ; between them, a diaper on a pink ground, and orna-
mental bars in gold ; raised scroll-work round foot. H. 5 in. 887.

Vase-shaped Tea-caddy. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding ; on the body, two Chinese scenes : a boy playing
witb a rabbit, while other figures are looking on, and two boys
dressed up as a dragon, &c. ; between them, landscapes in lake,
and diapers in bro^vn and gold ; on the cover, two landscapes in
lake, and a diaper in brown and gold ; raised scroll-work round
foot. H. 5\ in. 888.

Vase-shaped Tea-caddy. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours;
on the body, raised scrolls of vine with squirrels ; round the
neck, painted flowers and bats ; raised scroll-work round foot.
H. 5 in. 889.

Vase- SHAPED Tea-caddy. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours ;
a bird perched on a prunus tree witli other flowers; raised
pcroll-work round foot. H. 5 in. 890.

Octagonal Cup, moulded in relief. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours ; on each of the sides a panel enclosing a figure of one
of the Pa-Sien, or eight immortals ; the rest painted chiefly in
green and red. Impressed mark, in the seal character, Chung-
kuh she, « The Chung-kuh family." H. 2| in. [PI. XIII.
158.] 891.

Octagonal Cup, moulded in relief. Chinese porcelain, painted
in green and red ; on each side a plant with leaf ornament below.
Mark, stamped in relief, in the seal character, Tsun Chin, the
maker's name. H. 2 J in. [PL XIII. 159.] 892.

Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours;
the saucers have sixteen depressed foliations ; in the centre, a
medallion with plants growing out of rocks; on each of the
foliations, a symbol ; border of green sprinkled with black with
large flowers, interrupted by four panels enclosing large symbols ;
a similar decoration on the cups. Mark, in the seal character,
indistinct. Diam. 3 in., 5 in. 893.

Hexagonal Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding ; on the cup, six panels, enclosing alternately

136 CLASS IV. — CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

a lady standing and a plant with insects ; in the centre of the
saucer, a lady in a landscape surrounded by six panels, with a
lady seated, alternating with plants. Mark resembling the
letter G. Diam. 2f in., 5 in. [PI. XIII. 169.] 894.

Cup AND Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding ; bunches of flowers and narrow borders. Mark on the
cup, a small red flower, and engraved in the paste N — 88 being

I
the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 3^ in., 5^ in.

895.

Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly maroon
and green ; in the centre, flowers ; narrow border. No mark,
but engraved in the paste N=97, being the number of the

I

Dresden Collection. Diam. 4"^ in. 896.

Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; inside, a medallion
with a plant in blue, around which eight formal sprigs, alter-
nately blue and in colours; outside, three medallions with
flowers on a yellow ground, the spaces between of brilliant black
with branches of white prunus. Mark, a fungus. Diam. 3 in.
[PL VIII. 100.] 897.

Two-handled Cup, with scalloped edge. Chinese porcelain,
painted in colours with gilding ; a bunch of leaves of different
colours, with a large flower in the centre, about them smaller
flowers. Diam. 2| in. 898.

Compare Jacquemart and Le Blant, PI. 10, fig. 4.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain ; ornamented with
leaf-shaped panels, on which are landscapes pencilled in black
with faint gUding ; the rest of the surface of a greenish blue.
Diam. 3 in., 4J in. 899.

Two Saucers. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a prunus
tree, on which is perched a bird ; Chinese inscriptions in black.
No mark, but engraved in the paste N=96, and N=97, being

I I

the numbers of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 4^ in. 900.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in
colours ; on both a pattern somewhat resembling a flower with
petals, alternately yellow and pink ; on each petal and in the
centre, a flower ; narrow border of a pink diaper, interrupted
by four panels enclosing flowers. Diam. 2^ in., 4 J in. 901.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in
colours ; in the centre of each a butterfly resting on a flower, and
around, a banti of rich floral [Kittern ; yellow borders. Diam.
2i in., 4^ in. 902.

Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese eggshell porcelain, moulded
in slight relief like a flower of six petals, with ornaments en.

SECT. C. — PAINTED IN COLOUES OVER THE GLAZE. 137

amelled in colours ; in the centres of the saucers a pink flower
surrounded by a band of variously coloured diapers ; around
this, sprigs of flowers ; similar decoration on cups. Diam. 2| in.,
4A in. 903.

Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in
colours with gilding ; on each a lady playing on a musical in-
strument, with a boy at her side, vases, &c. ; outer border, a
pink diaper interrupted by three medallions enclosing gilt scrolls ;
inner border, panels with scroll-work and pink flowers on a
diapered gold ground. Diam. 3 in., 4^ in. 904.

Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, enamelled in colours with
gilding; a leaf-shaped panel enclosing a peacock and hen on
rocks, from which spring flowers ; the edges of the leaf in gold,
relieved by a ground of black diaper ; border of floral scrolls in
gold. Diam. 4J io. 905.

Two Cups and Saucers. Chinese eggshell porcelain ; on each
two scroll- shaped panels on a ruby ground enclosing figures and
plants, two yellow chrysanthemums and a central flower.
Diam. 2^ in., 4^ in. 906.

Coffee Cup and Saucer from a Chinese eggshell service,
pencilled in black and red with gold and silver ; on each a large
junk and small boats. Diam. 2 J in., 4^ in. 907.

Cup and Saucer, in the form of nelumbium flowers, the stem,
buds, and leaves of which form the feet. Chinese porcelain,
painted in colours with gilding ; in the centres, a medallion with
a joss-house among waves and two birds ; around this, a series of
red flutes, and beyond, diapers in black and gold alternating with
representations of waves. Diam. 2f in., 4^ in. 908.

Two TALL Cups. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in colours, with
peonies very carefully painted. The insides and bottoms coloured
green, with gilt edges. Mark in red, in the seal character,
Heae chuh choo-jin tsao^ " Made by (or for) the lord of the Heae
Bamboos." H. 2^ in. [PL VI. 72.] 909.

Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ; on one
side a figure of the famous Chinese minister Su Wu, seated,
and holding his staff of office ; behind him, six cattle, with an
inscription on the one in front, part of " the Song of the Shep-
herd," relating to him ; further on, a long inscription giving an
account of the personage. Mark in red, in the seal character,
of the period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851. H. 2^ in. [PL III.
29.] 910.

Su Wu was a chaml)erlaiii of the Emperor Wu Ti, by whom he was
sent, in B.C. 100, on a mission to the Khan of the Hiung-nu, a
Turkic tribe. Having sought to encompass the death of a Chinese
renegade at that court, he was imprisoned, and ordered to forswear
his allegiance to China. On his refusal he was sent into the deserts
as a shepherd, where for 19 years he tended the Hiuug-nu flocks,
using his staff of oflSce as a crook. He returned to China B.C. 81,
as an old man, and attaintd high office. See Mayers' Chinese
RMder's Manual, No. 628.

138 CLASS IV.— CHINESE PAINTED PORCELAIN.

Snufp Bottle. Chinese porcelain. On one face, a red flower
like an iris with black leaves ; on the other, the inscription
Hang hwa hung shik le, ^'The apricot blossoms redden the
country for miles," alluding to spring ; part of a verse by the
poet Soo Tung-po, who flourished A.D. 1068-1085 ; sides with
raised dots and covered with green glaze. From Egypt. H. 2^ in.

911.

See Medharst, Trans. China Branch of Asiatic Society, 1853, Fl. iii.,
p. 45, No. 12.

SNurF Bottle. Chinese porcelain. On one face, a red flower
like an iris with black leaves ; on the other, an inscription Ming
7/ue sung chung chaou, **The bright moon shines among the
firs," the third line of a sonnet by Wang Wei, a poet of the
Tang dynasty, who flourished about A.D. 702-745 ; sides with
raised dots and covered with green glaze. From Egypt. H. 2 in.

912.

A snuff bottle with the same inscription is engraved in Davis's Chinese
(1844), vol. III., p. 36. See also Medhurst, Transactions of China
Branch of Asiatic Society, 1853, PI. iii., p. 45, No. 1.

Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain. On one face, a red flower
with black leaves ; on the other, an inscription, Chih tsae tsze
shan chung, " Only in the midst of this mountain," a passage
from a poem by Kea Taou, who flourished A.D. 831-837 ;
sides with raised dots and covered with green glaze. From
Egypt. H. 2iin. ' 913.

See Medhnrst, Trans. China Branch of Asiatic Society, 1853, PI. iii.,
No. 2.

Two Snuff Bottles. Chinese porcelain. On one face, a red
flower with black leaves ; on the other, an inscription Leaou
tih shaou jin che, " Which few I ween can comprehend," part
of a quatrain relating to tranquillity by Chaou Yung, a writer
who died between A.D. 1068-1085, under the Sung dynasty ;
sides with raised dots, covered in one instance with green, in the
other with pink. From Egypt. H. 1| in. 914.

See Medhurst, Trans. China Branch of Asiatic Societv, 1853, Fl. iii,
No. 3.

Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours ; a gentle-
man on horseback and a lady in a wheeled • chair, each with an
attendant. Mark, in red, of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736.
{2.2.) H. 2i in. [PL IT. 15.] 915.

Snuff Bottle in the form of a vase. Chinese porcelain, painted
in colours ; four-clawed dragons of various colours among clouds
over the waves of the sea ; on the rim three bats ; purple
glass stopper. Mark, in red, in the seal character, of the period
Yung-ching, 1723-1736. H. 3| in. [PI. III. 25.] 916.

Double Snuff Bottle. Chinese porcelain, with figures in relief,
painted in colours with gilding ; two ceremonies, one of them
containing numerous figures. H. 2| in. 917.

CLASS V. — OHINESE PORGBLAIN, PIEBGED OBNAMENTS. 139

CLASS v.— CHINESE PORCELAIN WITH PIERCED
ORNAMENTS FILLED WITH GLAZE.

Pair of Small Bowls. White Chinese porcelain, with pierced
ornaments filled in with glaze ; stiff floral pattern. Diam. 4 in.

918.

Rice Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with portions
of the design filled in with glaze ; a roora, through the window
of which may be seen the sun over the waves of the sea ; a ladj
seated and a man kneeling before her; through the open
doorway a man is watching them. Mark, in the seal character,
of the period Keen-lung, 1736-1795. Diam. 4^ in. [PL III.
26.] 919.

CLASS VL- CHINESE POTTERY.

Antefixal Ornament, from a roof, in the form of a circular
medallion. Chinese pottery, yellow glazed ; on it, in low relief,
a five-clawed dragon. From the tombs of the first and second
emperors of the Ming dynasty to the East of Nankin, built
about 1400, and destroyed by the Taipings in 1853. Diam.
6^ in. 920.

Architectural Panel. Chinese pottery, moulded in relief, and
glazed with white, red, green, and yellow ; on it, a yellow
throne on which are three bud-like objects, one white, another
red, and the third gi'een, symbolizing the San-tih, or three
moral excellences of Buddha ; behind are wavy rays of the
four colours above- mentioned. From the Porcelain Tower at
Nankin, commenced by the emperor Yung-lo, and terminated in
1430, destroyed in 1853. H. 14 in., width 11 m. 921.

Moulded Brick. Chinese pottery, with a formal pattern com-
posed of three nelumbium fi owers, emblems of Buddha, in low
relief, and glazed yellow and green on a green ground. From
the Porcelain Tower at Nankin. L. 13 in., width 6 in. 922.

Cylindrical Bowl. Brown Chinese stoneware with ornaments
in relief, partially glazed in colours ; an old fir tree, and a stork
among clouds. On one side, two verses relating to the subject,
and an engraved seal of the writer. Ivory cover. Mark incised
of the period Kea-tsing, 1522-1667. H. 3 in., diam. 3f in.
[PI. I. 10.] 923.

Globular Jar and Cover. Chinese pottery, covered with a
thick apple-green glaze. On the cover, in low relief, the seal
character Fuh " Happiness." H. 4^ in. 924.

Tea-pot, of singular shape, composed of a dragon and fishes issuing
from waves. Red Chinese stoneware (boccaro), L. 5^ in.

925.

Tejl-pot, of fanciful form. Red Chinese stoneware {boccaro) ; it
is in the shape of a pomegranate, to which are attached various
other fruits and seeds in different coloured clays, the handle is

140 GLASS VI.— CHINESE POTTERY.

in the form of fruit of the buffalo horn ( Trapa bicomis), one of
the feet is in the form of the fruit of the nelumbium with move-
able seeds, a mushroom forms the lid, around the upper part the
Pa-kwa engraved, and on one side an inscription signifying
*^ Maj [Heaven] bring great peace to all people," and the name
of the writer, Tsze-yen, and the maker, Yen-tsiang. L. 7 in.

926.

Teapot, in the form of a phoBnix. Ked Chinese stoneware {boe-
caro). The hole of the spout is in the neck of the bird, which
is looking backwards, and the tail forms the handle. H. 4^ in.,
L. 6i in. 927.

Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware {boccaro) ; moulded to repre-
sent the leaf and buds of the nelumbium ; the lid and portions of
the ornaments drab coloured. H. 2^ in. 928.

Teapot, in the form of a finger citron. Red Chinese stoneware
(boccaro) ; the stem forms the handle ; a bud and leaves form
the feet ; the cover, of silver, in the shape of a leaf. L. 8^ in.

929.

Six-sided Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware (boccaro) ; in each
compartment a raised medallion with the prunus tree ; on the
cover raised branches and a stag holding in its mouth the
Cki plant, or fungus of Longevity. L. 6 in. 930.

QuADRANGULAK Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware {boccaro) ;
pierced panels with prunus, fir tree, and other plants. . H. 4^ in.

931.

Quadrangular curved Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware {boc-
caro) ; the sides pierced in diamond-shaped compartments, en-
closing branches of bamboo, fir, and prunus tree ; in the spaces,
the swastika ; on the cover, bamboo leaves and stem. H. 4 in.

932.

Oval Teapot. Red Chinese stoneware {boccaro) \ raised me-
dallions of the prunus tree, and in the spaces the swastika;
knob of lid the (7A«, or fungus of Longevity. H. 4| in.,
L. 6f in. 933.

Coffee-pot of large size. Red Chinese stoneware {boccaro) ; it
is six-sided, and ornamented with panels of openwork repre-
senting the fir, prunus, and magnolia ; the spout ornamented
with the head of a dragon, of which the tail forms the handle ;
on the cover a fox. H. 16 in. 934.

Covered Cup and Saucer. Red Chinese stoneware {boccaro).
On each of them a band of openwork, composed of branches of
prunus and other plants. On the cover a monster holding in its
mouth the fungus of Longevity. Diam. 3 in., 5 in. 935.

Square Dish. Brown Chinese stoneware, with moulded patterns
in outline ; in the centre a monster ; border of scrolls,' &c.
W. 6 in. 936.

CLASS VI. A. — COKEAN POTTERY. 141

Ctlindrical Pot, in the form of a section of a branch of a fir-
tree. Brown Chinese stoneware (boccaro). The bark and
knots are imitated in a remarkable manner. Mark stamped in
the seal character, Ming Yuen, probably the maker's name.
H. 4^ in. 937.

Sent from Japan as Chinese. The design is somewhat Japanese, and
if made in that country the mark would read Akito.

CLASS VI.A.— COREAN POTTERY.

The peninsula of Corea projects from the north-east of
China towards the Japtoese islands, and has been the
route by which many of the arts and sciences have traveUed
to the latter country. It was aociently divided into three
kingdoms, Kaoli, Petsi, and Sinra, which were united into
one about the middle of the 10th century. Since 1636 the
king of Gorea has been to a very limited extent tributary
to the Emperor of China. In A.D. 200 a successful expe-
dition was undertaken against Corea by the Japanese
Empress Zingu, which did not, however, produce any last-
ing results. In 1592-1598 an invasion was made under
the great warrior Hideyoshi, commonly called Taiko, which
led to a species of vassalage, and the prince of the island of
Tsusima, who used to conduct all the relations between the
two countries, established a small factory, or rather corps
of observation, in Corea, near Fusankai.

Siebold includes pottery and porcelain among the pro-
ducts of Corea, but states that they are coarser than
Japanese wares, and exhibit the infancy of the art. As
little seems to be known of the history of ceramics in Corea,
it may be well to collect what can be gleaned of their
history, though in some cases repeating what has been
already said under the head of Japan. ^

It was probably from Corea that the Japanese obtained
the first improvements over the simple pottery made by
them in early times.

In the early part of the reign of the Emperor Suinin,
B.C. 27, the followers of the Corean prince, Amano Hiboko,
settled at Hasama, province of Omi, where they manu-
factured a kind of pottery, somewhat harder than that
previously made, and decorated on the exterior with small
lines. Their descendants remained in A.D. 720, when they
still formed a corporation of potters.

After the invasion of the Empress Zingu, A.D. 200,
several Coreans settled in Japan and made pottery.

According to the Niponki, in 463 some Japanese princes
introduced from Petsi a number of colonists, among whom

142 CLASS VI. A.— OORBA.N POTTERY.

were some potters, who, however, were stated to have be-
longed to a Chinese corporation established in Corea.

The factory at Karatsu, province of Hizen, was probably
erected by Coreans towards the end of the 7th century, and
at that tJEWjtory Corean pottery was especially copied from
1555 to 1572, to supply utensils for the tea clubs, which
were called Okugoma, to distinguish them from the true
Corean specimens ; and Corean clay was even introduced
to as late a date as 60 or 70 years ago.

About 1690 a Corean named Gen-pin settled at Seto,
province of Owari, where he made whitish grey pottery
with rough designs in blue under the glaze. It is, how-
ever, particularly stated that the blue decoration was not
introduced by the Coreans, but was previously known in
Japan. The art of making this kind of pottery is said to
have perished with its founder.

At the beginning of the 16th century imitations of Corean
stoneware were made at Shigaraki, province of Omi, in
Tamba, and at Ugi, province of Yamashiro, the latter
known as Asahi ware.

In the 1 7th century a Corean named Rikei, or Korai-
Saiyemon, made earthenware at Hagi. The foot rim of
each piece had a nick cut out of it in the Corean fashion.
His descendants have ever since continued the manufacture.
It was to this factory that a prince of Nagato of the Mori
family brought Corean workmen at the end of the I7th
century, as stated by Dr. Hoffmann.

About 1 550 a Corean named Ameya settled at K16to,
where he founded the Baku fabric, which is continued by
his descendants.

The products, however, of all these factories are of a
coarse and common character, glazed stoneware at the best.
The only ornamental wares said to be of Corean origin are
those of the province of Satsuma. Pottery making was
introduced there about 1470 from Corea, but was only
a stoneware covered with metallic glazes. The kiln was
on a Corean model. The finely ciackled ware was made
in 1592, when the Prince of Satsuma brought home with
him a certain number of Corean potters, whom he settled
at Kagoshima and Chiusa. About 1630 a Corean named
Koyo is said to have introduced the decoration in gold.
This is the only evidence from Japanese sources that deco-
ration, properly so called, waa applied to earthenware of
Corean origin, and that may have been derived from in-
struction by Japanese teachers. The style of decoration,
at any ittte of the Satsuma pottery, is truly Japanese.

CLASS VI. A. — COBBAN POTTERY, 145

The only connection with porcelain making is that a
Oorean named Ri-sanpei was brought to Arita, province of
HizeD^ after the war in 1 592, by a general in the service of
Prince Nabeshima, he, however, made only a plain white
porcelain.

f^We may therefore set aside as idle tales all that M.
acqu^mart has written about Corean porcelain. The
specimens he describes are mostly Japanese, though a few
may be Chinese, and his opinions are founded on the most
erroneous data. . He had received from Dr. Hoffmann in-
formation of wliich he was unable to take advantage from
an original error in terms, the word Yahi being indifferently
used to signify both pottery and porcelain, and having been
taken in the latter sense by Dr. Hoffmann.

In the museums of Ley den and the Hague are a few
specimens of Corean pottery, all of a common description.

The truth is the tea clubs are the explanation of the
frequent introduction of Corean workmen into Japan. True
Corean pottery was what was most sought by those insti-
tutions, and if that was unattainable they ordered Japanese
imitations.

Several specimens of ivory white porcelain have from
time to time been attributed to Corea, (one of which is
described under No. 1485,) perhaps owing to the mention of
the Pe-ting vases in the History of King-te-chin.

In that work (p. 35) is a short account of the Kao-li-yao,
or porcelains of Corea. From this it would appear that
this porcelain is extremely thin and has a glaze like that
of King-te-chin; some are of a pale blue, like those of
Long-tsuen, and others with little flowers. The author
praises the gourd-shaped vases, and those in the form of
lions.

This account, however, does not entirely agree with what
has been collected on the subject from other Chinese works
by M. Billequin, who was sent to Pekin to collect for the
Museum at Sfevres, and whose experiences are recorded in
the Gazette des Beaux Arts, 1 877, p. 230.

If the Coreans were capable of making porcelain of a fine
quality it is singular that so few productions of this nature
have reached us from Japan, and that the Coreans are not
recorded as having had a greater influence on the Japanese
manufacture of porcelain.

The obscurity in which the subject is enveloped can only
be dissipated by a better acquaintance with Corea and its
inhabitants.

A 167. L

144 CLASS VLB. — LOOCHOO POTTEBV.

Globular Pot of coarse fabric. Corean stoneware; on the
shoulder are scrolls very faintly painted in blue. H. 3 in.,
Diam. 4 in. 938.

Sent from Pekin as an nndoubted specimen of Corean fabric.

Tea Bowl. Corean stoneware, partially covered with a white
glaze, crackled. Diam. 5 in. 934^

Bowl. Corean stoneware, covered with a white glaze ; on the
outside four seal characters, incised and outlined in black,
being the words Gen-kwei^ repeated, probably the name of a
place ; below a series of lozenges in low relief ; above a scroll
in black. Lacquered cover. Diam. 7^ in. 940.

Sent from Japan as Corean.

Pair op Trays, with indented edges. White Corean stoneware,
glazed. Diam. 5^ in. 941.

Vase, with short body and wide spreading mouth. Corean
pottery, covered externally with a white glaze, and in the month
with a coffee-coloured glaze ; two rudimentary handles. H.
6i in. 942.

Sent from Japan as made in Corea by the Japanese, bat it is not
probable that the Japanese founded any potteries in that country.

Water Bottle with a short spout. Brown Corean earthenware ;
the upper part covered with a coarse brown glaze, through which
a band of white slip is seen. H. 6^ in. 943.

Sent fi'om Japan as Corean.

CLASS VI. B.— LOOCHOO POTTERY.

The Loochoo Islands are situated to the south of Japan,
and are dependencies of that country, and formerly used
also to send tribute to the Emperor of China. They have
seldom been visited by Europeans, who are not allowed
to trade with. them. Little is known of their manufac-
tories, but red potteiy and porcelain are mentioned among
them. The specimen exhibited does not suggest any high
development of ceramic art in the country.

Bottle. Dark brown Loochoo stoneware; roughly made and
slightly glazed. H. lOf in. 948.

Sent from Japan as a specimen of Loochoo ware. It resembles some
early Japanese wares, such as those from Bizen.

CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN. 145

CLASS VII.— JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

Section A. — Plain White.

Figure op Jurojin, the god of Longevity, seated on a tortoise.
Greyish Japanese porcelain. He has a pointed beard, and holds
in his right hand a i*oll. The tortoise has a haiiy tail and
peculiar head, showing it to be the sacred tortoise. Some of
the details are covered with brown lacquer, probably added to
conceal fractures. H. 10. ^ 950.

Figure of Hotei, the god of Contentment. White Japanese
porcelain. He is represented sitting with his bag at his right
side. H. 4 J in. 951.

Ornament in the form of a lion standing ou a rock, out of which
a peony is growing. White Japanese porcelain, probably
made at Mikawaji, province of Hizen. H. 6^ in. 952.

Incense Burner, in the form of a buffalo. White Japanese
porcelain ; on its back is a bundle of sticks, through which the
smoke escapes. Hirato ware, made at Mikawaji, province of
Hizen. Length, 5^ in. 953.

Bowl, gadrooned in imitation of the petals of a flower. White
Japanese porcelain. Inside an inscription in ten words, en-
graved in the paste and filled in with blue, alluding to spring
and signifying ** The peach blossom came after the two
swallows." Mark in black, Fu-ji yo Ma-kuzu Uukuru. " Made
at the Fuji kiln at Makuzu." £i6to ware. Diam. 6 in.
[PI. XIV. 175.] 954.

Teapot. Japanese porcelain^ with a branch of a creeper in
relief; a hollow handle with pierced openings; the top sur-
moupted by a tangle of filaments ; round the body are painted
parallel lines of pale green. Mark, Ma-kuzuyo Ko-zan tsukuru.
Made by Kozan of the Makuzu kiln. Kidto ware. H. 7 in.
[PI. XIV. 176.] 955.

Makuzu-gahara is near Ki6to.

Figure of Kuwan-on, the Chinese goddess Kwan-yin. White
Japanese porcelain ; the flesh portions unglazed ; she is standing,
and holds in her hand a branch. A circular pedestal in the
form of rockwork. Mark on the figure, Ko-zan tsukuru,
" Made by Kozan ; on the pedestal, Ma-kuzu yo Ko-zan tsukuru,
" Made by Kozan at the Makuzu kiln." Ki6to ware. H. *1\ in.
[PI. XIV. 176.] 956.

Figure of Kuwan-on, the Chinese goddess Kwan-yin. White
Japanese porcelain ; the flesh portions unglazed ; she is seated,
and holds in her hands a neluml)ium flower. H.4J in. 957.

L 2

146 CLASS VII.— JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

Section B. — Coloubed Glazes.

Figure of Hotei, the god of Contentment, probably an incense
burner. Japanese porcelain, partially covered with green
celadon glaze. He is represented as a fat man, standing and
holding in his left hand the mouth of a large bag. The flesh
is left dull and coloured pale brown. H. 8 J in. 958.

Yase, with two handles. Japanese porcelain, covered with dark
green celadon glaze. It is composed of two phoenixes, of which
the bodies form the vase, and the heads the handles. H. 7^ in.

959.

Bowl. Dense red Japanese porcelain, covered with a dark celadon
glaze ; inside impressed ornaments, consisting of the word takaiy
*^ Honourable," in the centre, and on the sides Confucius and
five other figcures accompanied by inscriptions; outside large
flowers and leaves engraved in the paste, and a border of key
pattern. H. 5 in. ; diam. 9 in. 960.

Stand for a teapot lid, formed of the figures of three little
boys with their hands joined in a ring. Japanese porcelain,
covered with a green celadon glaze. H. 1| in. 961.

QcjADBANGULAB Saki Bottle. Japanese porcelain, covered
with blue glaze, and with a minute decoration on each face in
white slip. Known as Ruri ware from its colour. H. 5J in.

962.

Cup-shaped fire pot. Japanese porcelain, covered with a deep
blue glaze, on which are scattered cherry blossoms in low
relief, left white. Known as Ruri ware from its colour.
Probably made at Seto. H. 3^ in. 963.

Tbay in the form of a hand screen, Japanese porcelain, covered
with a dark blue*' glaze ; the rib and tassels in low relief.
Length lOJ in. 964.

Two Cups. Japanese porcelain ; the outside covered with
brown glaze. Mark, partly in Chinese characters, partly in
Japanese, Hizen-huwan yo, Nem-boku-an Ki-zo sei, " Hizen
pottery. Madeby KizoofNembokuan." Diam. 3 J in. [Chinese
characters, PL XIV. 189.] 965.

Saucer, Japanese porcelain, covered inside and out with a
brown glaze ; on it a branch of prunus executed in white slip.
Diam. 6 in. 966.

Two Shallow Bowls. Japanese porcelain, covered with a
mottled warm brown glaze. Inside is a branch of prunus in
silver, gold, and red. Diam. 5^ in. 967.

Sauce Pot. Japanese porcelain, covered with a brown glaze ;
with a plant in white slip. Mark on the cover, Kosai sei.
*< Made by Kosai." H. 3 in, 968.

SECTION B. — COLOURED GLARES. 14^

Beehive-shaped Vessel, with small cover. Japanese porcelain,
covered with a rich brown glaze, over which are Scattered
patches of dark blue. H. 3 in. 969.

Two Saucers, molilded in the form of an armorial badge,
formed of two butterflies, Japanese porcelain, covered with a
pale brown glaze, and with the design outlined in blue relief.
Owari ware. Diam. 6J in. 970.

Said to have been made by order of the Prince of Owari.

Square Bottle. Japanese porcelain ; the body coloured brown
with plants growing out of rocks in low relief ; the iiecK.
covered with a sea green celadon glaze. Probably made at
Kioto. H. 8^ in. 971.

FrvB-siDED Fruit Dish. Japanese porcelain, covered with a
purple glaze and a few touches of turquoise. Mark, impressed
Sari'-raku yen tsukuru. " Made at the Sanraku house.'' Kishiu
ware. Diam. 6^ in. [PI. XIV. 18L] 972.

Cylindrical Pot. Japanese stoneware, covered with a deep
purple glaze running over a light blue one. Kishiu ware.
H. 4| in. 973.

Pot and Cover. Japanese porcelain, splashed with turquoise,
maroon, and amber colour. Made at th^ Sanraku house.
Kishiu ware. H. 3^ in., diam. 3 J in. 974.

Shaped Tray. Coarse Japanese porcelain ; the inside covered
with a turquoise glaze, and ornamented with flowers in gold ;
the outside glazed purple. Kishiu ware. Length 5 J in. 975.

Oviform Canister. Japanese porcelain, with floral ornaments
in low relief, covered with a light purple glaze. Mark painted
in blue, Kai-raku yen sei. " Made at the Kairaku house."
Kishiu ware. H. 4^ in. [PI. X. 127.] 976.

Box, in the form of a peach. Japanese porcelain, with a dull
surface, pricked over, excepting in portions representing leaves,
flowers, and a phoenix, which are covered with bluish green and
yellow glazes. Kishiu ware. Length 3^ in. 977.

Teapot. Japanese porcelain, with ornaments in low relief
glazed in various colours; on the body two three-clawed
dragons among clouds ; on the lid symbols ; the ground lilac ; at
the bottom a band of green ornament. Mark in black, Dai
Nippon Ko-sai sei, ** Made by Kosai of Great Japan.'' H. 7 in.
[PI. XIV. 186.] . 978.

Section C. — Painted in Blue.

Small Bowl* Japanese porcelain, painted in blue. A landscape
with five children playing, and an old fir tree growing out of

148 CLASS VII.— JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

rocks. Hirato ware, made at Mikawaji, province of Hizen.

H. 2i in., diam. 3^ in. 979.

Mikawaji is six miles south of Arita, and a factory was established
there about 1650 by a prince of the Madsu-ura family, residing at
Hirato, whence the name of the ware. The- productions were onl}*^
made for his own use or to be sent as presents ; amon^ them are
especially mentioned the blue and white ware painted with Chinese
boys playing under a pine tree, of which the sale was forbidden.
The number of the boys yaries from three to seven, the greater the
number the more valuable the piece.

Cylindrical Incensk Burner, with openwork cover. Japanese
porcelain, painted in blue. A fir tree and other plants growing
out of rocks ; the cover represents a network of bamboo
with scattered cherry blossoms. Hirato wai-e, made at Mikawaji,
j3rovince of Hizcn. II. 3 in., diam. 2 in. 980.

Globular Incense Burner. Japanese porcelain, painted in
blue ; round the body three children in a landscape ; the cover
represents a network of bamboo. Hirato ware, made at
Mikawaji, province of Hizen. Diam. 3 in. 981.

Globular Incense Burner. Japanese porcelain, painted in
blue ; round the body a prunus tree and bamboo ; the cover
represents a network of bamboo with scattered cherry blossoms.
Hirato ware, made at Mikawaji, province of Hizen. Diam. 3 in.

982.

Globular Incense Burner, with flattened sides. Japanese
porcelain, painted in blue ; on each side dragons among
clouds; the cover represents a network of bamboo. Hirato
ware, made at Mikawaji, province of Eizen. Diam. 2f in. 983.

Globular Incense Burner. Japanese porcelain, 2>ainted in
blue, with a few touches of red. Round the body groups of
plants; the cover imitating network. Hirato ware, made at
Mikawaji, province of Hizen. Diam. 3^ in, 984.

Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue with a river
scene ; outside a running scroll, and underneath an heraldic
device or mark ; one spur mark. Hirato ware, made at Mika-
waji, province of. Hizen. Diam. 8 J in. 985.

Circular Box. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue with bands
of various diapers; the ivory cover has on it the names of the
signs of the zodiac. Diam. 3^ in. 986.

TmcK Cup. Japanese porcelain, transfer printed in two tints of
blue, one of them greyer than the other ; inside, a band of
dragons and a pearl ; outside, a floral scroll, below which a band
of ten Japanese flgures. Mark, in the seal character, transfer
printed, Ted min nen set, " Made in tlie great Ming period."
H. 3 in., diam. ^m. [PI. XIV. 174.] 987.

Two Saucer Dishes. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue;
a growing water plantain (Alisma plantago); outside, three
symbolical ornaments. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji,
province of Hizen. Diam. 8 in, 988.

SECTION C. — PAINTED IN RLUE. 149

The village of Ofcawaji is about three miles north of Arita ; the factory
belonged to the Prince of Nabeshinia, and was removed there about
1710 from Iwayagawa. Its products were not made for sale, and
may be distinguished by a series of parallel lines on the foot rims,
like the teeth of a eomb, whence it is also called Kushide yaki.

Sauc£K Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; poppies in
flower. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, province of Hizen.
Diam. 8 in. 989.

•

Pair of Oval Trays. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; two
fish and water weeds ; underneath two branches of flowers. Na-
beshima ware, made at Okawaji, proviace of Hizen. L. 9 in.

990.

Two Deep Saucers, with indented edges. Japanese porcelain,
painted in blue ; with the spray of a creeper ; outside two
flowers. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, province of Hizen.
Diam. 5f in. 991.

Branch of Chrysanthemum. . Japanese porcelain ; a white
flower, brown stalk, and blue leaves ; round the stalk is repre-
sented a paper wrapping tied with a cord. Probably Nabeshima
ware, made at Okawaji, province of Hizen. Length 4| in. 992.

Pair of Trays, of a fanciful shape. Japanese porcelain, painted
in blue ; they represent a peach with leaves. L. 4 in. 993.

Dish, with scalloped edge. Japanese porcelain, with ornaments
in low relief and painted in blue ; it represents two bivalve
shells below the waves of the sea, from one of them proceeds a
scroll, such as is used by the Japanese to represent a dream,
ft on which are buildings and a landscnpe ; on the back various
insignia of office. Diam. 13^ in. 994.

CuF, moulded in the form of a nelumbium leaf. Japanese porcelain,
painted blue on the outride. H. i^ in., L. 3 in. 995.

Cup, of fantastic form. ^ Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; it
represents a gigantic prunus flower, of which the stem and buds
form the handle and foot. L. 5;^ in. 996.

Evidently copied from a Chinese earring in hard stone.

Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark grey under the glaze ;
inside, a medallion with a landscape and grotesque animals ;
outside, a fir tree, prunus, and bamboo with birds on their
branches ; on the spaces a swastika and two rings. Mark en-
graved in the paste, Ki-yen ti'ukuru. " Made by Kiyen." Diam.
5| in. [PI. XIV. 188.] ' 997.

Saki Cup and Stand. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue.
Inside the cup, symbols and clouds ; outside, branches of fir tree
and prunus, interrupted by three medallions ; in one, two figures
playing at Cro, in the second a figure riding on horseback, and
in the third a junk in full sail ; on the stand, fishes and rocks.
Mark, Dohachi, the name of the painter. Ki6to ware. H. 2^ in.,
diam. 2| in. [PI. XV. 190.] 998.

150 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

Globulah Pot. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue. A river
scene with boats, and people watching from the shore. Mark,
Kan-zan kin set. " Respectfully made by Eanzan." Ki6to ware.
H. 3J in. [PL XIV. 179.] 999.

Yasb, for powdered tea. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue
with Chinese subjects, representing sages, with constellations,
&c. Ivory cover. H. 2 J in. 1000.

Two Cylindrical Pots. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue;
six geese on water. H. S\ in. 1001.

Dish, in the form of a scallop shell. Japanese porcelain, painted
in blue ; with bands of diaper, alternating with plain bands of
dark and light blue. Mark, a square imitating a seal. Diam.
7^ in. . ' 1002.

Cup. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; outside, three storks
and three symbols among clouds. Mark, JFkikurshun ken
GiyokU'Sei seu " Made by Giyokusei of the Puku-shun house."
Diam. 3 in. [PL XIV. 177.] 1003.

Wide Mouthed Vessel. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue.
A landscape representing numerous buildings among rocks, with
figures of bonzes walking about. H. 5 J in., diam. 8 J in. 1004.

Babbel-shaped Vase. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue. On
it are representations of the sixteen Arhans or principal fol-
lowers of Buddha. H. 5 J in. 1005.

For figures of the Arhans or Rakans, see Siebold's Nippon, Pt. v.,
Fl. xxxviii. a, p. 157, where their names are given. «

Narrow -NECKED Bottle. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue;
on the body a fir tree and bamboo, with birds in their branches ;
round the neck a landscape with a figure riding. Mark of the
Chinese period Ching-hwa, 1466-1488. (3.3.) H. 8^ in.
[Phi. 6.] . 1006.

Stated to have been tnade by Gorodayu Shonsui, who introduced into
Japan the art of making porcelain in 1513 ; it closely resembles
other works attributed to him.

Square Vase, probably for flowers. Japanese porcelain, painted
in blue. On each side a panel, apparently copied from a
Chinese design ; viz., 1. A literary man in a house reading, an
attendant bringing him tea ; 2. An old man fishing ; 3. Two
peasants carrying sheaves ; 4. An old man, and a boy riding a
bufialo ; borders of fishes and clouds. Mark of the Japanese
period Bun-kua, 1804-1818. H. 9^ in. [PI. XIV. 172.]

1007.

Two Gourd-shaped Vases. Japanese porcelain, painted in
blue. Round the upper part is a band on which is a long in-
scription out of Confucius' works, being a conversation between
that philosopher and Tsze Loo on Filial Piety, Brotherly
Love, Patriotism, Truth, &c., and formal scroll work ; below

SEOTIOJV C— 1»AINTED IN BLUE. 151

this are plants and birds on a blue ground. The lower part is
divided into four diagonal compartments filled with minute
diaper by bands inscribed Ko^ Tei, Dju, Sin, being the subjects
of the conversation. Mark on one of the period of the Bun-kwa
(1804-1817) ; on the other, Narau waga zo-sen Shonsui Go-
rO'da-yu tokoro seu " Made in imitation of my ancestor Goroda-
yu Shonsui." H. 8 in. [PL XIV. 172, 184.] 1008.

OviFOBM Vase and Flat Cover. Japanese porcelain, painted in
blue ; scattered flowers of the prunus on a blue ground, imi-
tating stonework. Mark of the Chinese period Taou-kwang,
1821-1851 (2. 2.). H. 6 in. [PI. XL 18.] 1009.

Octagonal Stated, for a saki cup. Japanese porcelain, painted
in blue ; the upper part with white prunus flowers on a blue
ground ; the lower with three branches of flowering plants.
Mark of the Chinese period Taou-kwang, 1821-1851 (2. 2).
H. 2|in. [PL II. 18.] 1010.

Saucer, with hollow edge. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue.
The edge is scalloped so as to form sixteen points, between each
of which is an opening. The ornaments consist of circles of
various sizes on a dark blue ground, enclosing symbols or
diapers. Mark, a blue panel with a white quatrefoil. Modern.
Diam. 4|in. 1011.

Saucer. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue; three phoenixes
on a ground of floral scrolls ; formal scroll round edge of back.
Mark, Mei-ji nen To-yen set, " Made by To-yen in the period
Mei-ji," 1868 to present time. Diam. 5 in. [PL XIV. 173.]

1012.

Saucer Dish, in five lobes. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ;
a river scene, on which a gentleman and lady in a boat ; above,
verses ; outside, eight verses. Mark, Ki-to ken Hoku-han seu
"-Made by Hokuhan ^t the Kito house." Diam. 8 in.. [PL XIV.
185.] 1013.

Cylindrical Fire Vase. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ;
inside, a lace border ; outside, a very full floral pattern* The
designs are all transfer printed. Mark, in the seal character,
transfer printed, of the period Ka-yei, 1848-1854. H. 3 J in.,
diam. 4^ in. 1014.

Gourd-shaped Vessel. Japanese porcelain, with flowers and
buds in relief; their stems and leaves painted in blue. Seto
ware. L. 4 in. 1015.

TSAT, of peculiar form. Japanese porcelain ; the outside covered
with a celadon glaze, excepting representations of two mush-
rooms moulded in the paste and left unglazed. Inside, two
branches of peach executed in a similar way to the mushrooms,
and bunches of flowers painted in blue. Mark, Ki-sui tsukuru
kore. ** Kistii made this." Kioto ware. L.G^in. 1016,

152 CLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

Box, in the fonu of a bivalve shell. Japanese porcelain ; the out-
side, brown ; the inside, painted with landscapes in blue. Pro-
bably Seto ware. W. 2 J in. 1017.

Box, in the form of a bivalve shell. Japanese porcelain ; on the
outside is outlined in blue a chrysanthemum with a yellow
centre. Inside, the mark of the period Keen-lung, 1736-
1795 (2.2.), and Kin-ting -shin, t8cu>, '* Made by Kin-ting-shin."
Length 4| m. 1018.

Dish, in the form of a shell. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
it imitates the Yenus's ear (Haliotis) ; on the inside is a land-
scape with wat^r and a bridge ; the outside blue ; it rests on
feet, one of which r^resents a walnut shell. Mark within
a square, Keen-lung urh sMh nien tsao, ^* Made in the twen-
tieth year of the period Keen-lung." A.D. 1755. Length 8| in.

1019.

This and the last were sent from Japan as Chinese.

Two Circular Trays. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue,
with details in red. In the centre a medallion, with the WRves
of the sea, among which are books and prunus blossoms, the
whole enclosed in a red circle. Around the edge, ten fans.
Three spur marks. Mark of the period Yem-po, 1673-1681.
Said to be Nabeshima ivare. Diam. 5J in. [PL XIV. 171.]

1020.

Section D. — Painted in Colours.

Saucer-dish. Japanese porcelain. On it are represented three
jars side by side, the centre one plain white, one of the others
painted in red to represent crackle, the third with a running
pattern of red flowers and green leaves. The ground a wave
pattern in blue under the glaze. Outside, three floi'al ornaments
in blue. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, province of
Hizen. Diam. 8 in. 1021.

Saucer-dish. Japanese porcelain. Covered with a prunus tree,
of which the trunk is in blue under the glaze, the rest in
natural colours ; on the outside three symbolical ornaments.
Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, province of Hizen.
Diam. 8 in. - 1022.

Plate. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours. The centre
divided into three parts, in each of which is a fish among
flowers on a green ground ; the border a diai)er of key pattern
in green and blue ; red scroll at back. Two spur marks.
Diam. 7| in. 1023.

Two STRAiGHT-siDED CuPS. Japanese porcelain, painted in
colours with gilding ; three quatrefoil panels enclosing the
sacred tortoise ; blue border. Mark, Sem-mio Sei-kwa nen sei, a
blundered imitation of a Chinese. date mark. Diam. 4 in. 1024.

SKOTION D. — PAINtED IN. COLOURS. 15S

BoTTLE-SHAPKD Vase. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding. The ground with red lines to represent grass, in
which are scattered flowers, plants, and leaves ; round the
neck a broad hand of red between smaller bands of yellow and
green ; a broad band of red round the base. Said to be old
Imart ware, made by Kakayomon. H. 14^ in. 1025.

Bottle. Japanese celadon porcelain, crackled and painted in
colours, with gilding ; an old fir tree, prunus and bamboo growing
out of a rock. H. lOj in. 1026.

Deep Saucer Dish, with scalloped edge in sixteen foliations.
Japanese celadon porcelain, painted in green and brown, with
gilding ; in the centre the Kiku^ or chrysanthemum badge, with
leaves alternateFy plain and diapered ; from this proceed sixteen
compartments with various diapers, over which are scattered
four large and two small Kikus, Outside, floral scrolls in gold.
Diam. lOJ in. 1027.

Basin. Coai'se Japanese porcelain, painted in colours; inside
is a white circle surrounded with a turquoise baud, from which
spring a prunus tree and other plants. Old Imari ware. Diam.
5f in. 1028.

Fire Vase. Very white Japanese porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding ; on the outside a bamboo, a prunus, and two birds.
Old Imari ware. Diam. 4^ in. 1029.

Shallow Bowl and Cover. Japanese porcelain, painted in
colours ; branches of red poppies with blue and pale green leaves ;
outside scattered leaves ; blue edge. One spur mark. Old Imari
ware. Diam. 5| in. 1030.

ijOURD-SHAPKD BoTTLE, in two stages. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours ; a bamboo and a prunus tree growing out
of banded hedges and rocks; on the shoulders two butterflies
in I'elief, forming handles. H. 6^ in. 1031.

Coffee Pot, moulded in four compartments, with scalework
in relief. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, chiefly red, blue,
and green ; in the panels a figure near a railing, from which
grows a prunus tree ; on the upper part, four representations of
the Paulownia imperialis, the badge of the Mikado's family ;
on the neck two symbols ; cover and mountings of metal gilt.
H. 7 in. 1032.

See Jacqaemart and Le Blant, Plate I, Fig. 4.

Hexagonal Bottle and C<5ver, on three small feet. Japanese
porcelain, painted in blue under the glaze, with flowering
plants, storks, and other birds ; and with slight details in colours
and gilding. H. 10 in. 1033.

Teapot. Japanese porcelain. Painted in colours, chiefly red, blue,
and green ; six compartments ; on four of them a growing
plant; on the others and on the lid flowers. Old metal gilt
mountings. L. 5 in. 1034.

154 GLASS VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

Two Quadrangular Saucers, with deeply indented edges.
Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the centre a coiled
dragon. Diam. 3f in. 1035.

Jug. Japanese porcelain^ painted in colours; two panels, in
each of which are a gentleman with an umbrella and a lady
with a fan ; between them, and on the neck, conventional floral
ornaments. H. 8 in. 1036.

Flat Bowl and Cover, on three feet. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours, with plants growing out of rocks ; on the
cover a large red chrysanthemum, the knob formed of a leaf
and flower. Diam.^ 5^ in. 1037.

Octagonal Cup, with flattened edge. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours, with touches of gilding ; inside, on the edge, a leafy
border; outside, alternately, three symbolical trees, the pine
tree, bamboo, and prunus. Mark, Fuku, *^ Happiness." Diam.
4 in. [PL XL 135.] 1038.

Trat. Japanese porcelain. Scrolls in low relief and ornaments
in colours, consisting of three medallions with plants in*egularly
placed, and three representations of the Paulownia imperialis,
the badge of the Mikado's family ; outside, a blue scroll. Mark,
in the seal character, Fuku, ** Happiness." L. 5^ in. [Com-
pare PL XV. 192.] 1039.

QuATREFOiL- SHAPED Canister. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding ; on the Iod^ sides the armorial badge
of the Prince of Kaga, a cinquefoil m gold on a red ground ;
on the two other sides iris plants growing out of the edges of
the panels ; on the shoulders eight butterflies on a red diaper.
H. 4J in., L. 4i in. 1040.

Four-sided Bottle. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours
with gilding ; on two sides growing prunus trees ; on the
other two a very formal plant ; scroll work in red on the neck.
H. 8f in. 1041.

Square Bottle, with small neck. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding, and with flowers in relief on two
of the sides ; one of these represents a peony, the other a
prunus ; on the other two sides are flowers and lions ; on the
shoulder diapers in various colours. H. 11^ in. 1042.

Square Bottle, with small neck. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding ; on each side, a panel ; two with long
tailed bkds on red ground ; the other two with flowers growing
out of vases on a green ground sprinkled with black ; on the
shoulder four small panels with seal characters in gold on a
green gi'ound speckled with black, the names of the three
mvourite trees, fir, prunus, and bamboo, the latter twice repeated;
the spaces between the panels filled in with diaper. H. 7 in.

1043.

SECTION P. — PAINTED IN COLOURS. 155

Square Bottle, with small neck. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding ; on each side a diagonal band enclosing
flowering plants ; the remaining spaces filled with striped bands
in red or green ; on the shoulders irregular panels with formal
flowers. H. 8 in. 1044.

Squabe Bottle, with small neck. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding ; on two sides a panel enclosing an iris
within a red border; on the other two irregularly shaped
panels enclosing flowering plants and portions of a large diaper ;
on the shoulder a blue border with four green panels enclosing
a gilt flower. H. 8 in. 1045.

Saki Kettle, with arched handle. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours with gilding; figures of women and children,
H. 6iin. 1046.

Two Bowls, fluted in 16 divisions with scalloped edges.
Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; inside, in
the centre, the Kiku-mon of the Mikado ; around are chrysan-
themums irregularly placed ; on the outside, the flutes are orna-
mented with a plant in gold on a white ground alternating with" a
design in gold on a blue ground, or a lozenge diaper in blue and
white. One spur mark. On the bottom a chrysanthemum in
gold on a red ground. H. 7\ in. 1047.

Two Bowls. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours; inside,
blue diapered border and a branch of the peach tree ; outside,
four flowering plants. Mark of the Chinese period Kea-tsing,
1522-1567. (3.3.) [PI. I. 10.] 1048.

Two Cups. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding ;
inside a flower and a narrow red border ; outside two flowering
plants. Marks, on one the pearl symbol [PI. XIII. 163], and
on the other a fungus [PI. VIII. 99], and on bol3i, engraved in
the paste, N=94 and a cross, being the number of the Dresden
Collection. Diam. 3^ in. 1049.

Bowl and Cover, with fan-shaped handles. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours, with gilding ; growing plants of the chry-
santhemum, &c. Some of the flowers in i^elief. On the cover
a lion. H. 7^ in. 1050.

Two Small Bowls. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours,
with gilding ; inside, a band in blue, with three red flowers ;
outside, two formal flowers in blue, on a green ground with
black dots and touches of gilding. The spaces between are filled
with shaded lozenges formed of red lines, and having in the
centre a man with a sceptre, and a boy outlined in red, with
gilt details. Mark in blue, an indistinct seal character, and
engraved in the paste N=196 with a cross, being the number of
the Dresden Collection. Diam. 3| in. 1051.

Tall Ccp, with two fan-shaped handles. Japanese porcelain,
painted in colours with gilding ; blue ground, with different
shaped panels overlapping each other, and enclosing flowers.
H.3iin.,diam,. 3 in. 1052.

166 CLASS VII. — JAPANB6E PORCELAIN.

Two CoYERBD Bowls. Japanese porcelain ; inside medallions^
with landscapes and branches of flowers painted in blue with
touches of red and gilding ; outside, on each portion, the god of
Longevity and the Pa-sien in colours, with gilding, on a deep red
ground. Mark, Cho-mei fu-kiy ** Long life and prosperity."
biam. 4i in. [PI. VL 74.] 1053.

Deep Octagonal Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue
and red, with gilding ; in the centre, five phoenixes^ coiled
into circles ; the sides have circles of pierced work surrounded
both inside and out by a dark blue ground, on which are
phoenixes and plants in gold. Five spur marks. Diam. 12 in.

1054.

Octagonal Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding ; in the centre five blue phoBuixes coiled, and four devices
with names ; round this a narrow border in blue ; each compart-
ment on the sides pierced with circles of scale work, surrounded
both inside and out with dark blue, on which are green clouds.
Five spur marks. Diam. 8J in. 1055.

Tall Cup and Sauceb. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue
and red, with gilding ; on each a broad band of blue, from which
spring trees and branches of prunus. One spur mai'k. Diam.
3 in., 5^ in. 1056.

Cup and Saucer. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue and red,
with gilding ; four panels, with fiowers^ the spaces between them
blue. No mark, but engraved in the paste N=50 and a cross,
being the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 2^ in.,
4J in. 1057.

Cup and Saucer. Japanese porcelain, painted in red and blue,
with gilding ; on each four compartments with fiowers. No
mark, but engraved in the paste N = 57 and a cross, being
the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 2^ in., 4^ in.

1058.

Cup and Saucer. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue, touched
with gilding. Sides moulded in gadroons, each of which has a
landscape and a flowering plant. Mark, an indistinct seal cha-
racter, and engraved in the paste N= 160 and a cross, being
the number of the Dresden Collection. Diam. 3 in., 4^ in.

1059.

Two Covered Cups and Saucers. Japanese porcelain, painted
in blue and red, with gilding. On each, two double headed
eagles, between branches of growing flowers. No mark, but
engraved in the paste N=97 with a cross, being the number of
the Dresden Collection. H. 3^ in., diam. 2^ in., 4^ in. 1060.

Cup and Cover. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding ; three medallions with plants, and a brown ground,
with gilt scroll work. No mark, but engraved in the paste
N = 32 and a cross, being the number of the Dresden Col-
lection. H. 34 in. 1061.

SECTION I>. — PAINTED IN COLO UBS, 167

Dish, in the form of a haliotis shell, or Yenus' ear. Japanese
porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; shells, and sea
weed ; on the rim, floral scrolls on a green ground ; the
under part made to imitate the natural shell, with attached
limpets, &c. Iraari ware. L. 8| in. 1062.

Tea Box and Cover. Japanese porcelain; ornamented with
small circles of blue and white, on a red ground. Imari
ware, made in the province of Hizen. With its original silk
bag. H. 2^ in. . 1063.

Figure of Kuwan-on, the Chinese goddess Kwan-yin, standing
on a rock. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours. The face
left in biscuit ; the dress ornamented with running floral pat-
terns in colours with gilding. She holds in her hands a
basket containing a flsh. Kid to ware. H. 8 in. 1064.

Figure of a child seated on a board for the game of Go. Ja-
panese porcelain, painted in colours; it holds a ball in one
hand, and is playing with its toes with the other. H. 10 in.

1065.

Incense Burner, in the form of a figure of Hotei, the god of
Contentment, seated on his bag, the neck of which he holds in
his left hand. Japanese porcelain ; the dress is coarsely painted
with clouds in red and blue ; the smoke issues through the
mouth and ears. H. 8| in. 1066.

Group, representing Sho-ki, the strong man, with a demon or
oni under his foot. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours.
At the back is an inscription engraved under the glaze, signify-
ing « Made by Shin-bei at the age of 66." H. 7^ in. 1067.

Incense Burner, in the form of a vase, supported by three
children. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue, with touches of
red and gilding, and ornamented with symbols. Imari ware.
H. 3 in. ^ 1068.

Two-handled Cup. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue, with
a few touches of red ; the cup is of an oval form, with a
rounded base, and seems to have been copied from a cup of
rhinoceros horn ; the handles are formed of branches of peach
tree ; the decoration consists of two phoenixes and other birds
above a pool, with water plants and ducks ; inside, are painted
a number of minute red fishes. H. 3 in., diam. 4f in. J 069.

Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; in the
centre, a pale green medallion, with a brown dragon. Around,
phoenixes and scrolls of flowers, on a drab coloured ground.
Mark of the Chinese period Wan-leih, 1573-1620. (2.2). One
spur mark. Diam. 8^ in. [PI. I. 12.] 1070.

Cylindrical Jar, made to imitate a section of bamboo. Japa-
nese porcelain, painted in colours ; eight figures of grotesque
design, including one of the god of Longevity ; inside a band
with an inscription in blue, probably poetry, in lines of five words

158 0LA8S VII. — JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

each. Marky Go^ro-da'^/f* go Shon-iui $ei. ^'Made by the

honourable Gorodaju Shonsui." Black lacquer cover. H. 6 in.

1071.

The figures on this jar seem to be caricatures of the Fa-sien, or eight
immortals of the Chinese. They are very grotesque, and in strange
costumes.

Cup. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ;
a landscape, with two men in strange costumes carrying a gold
sceptre and a golden box. Mark, Go^ro-da-yu go Shon-
siii tsukuru, " Made by the honourable Gorodayu Shonsui."
H. 2^iu. [PI. XIV. 183,] 1072.

Flat Box, of irregular shape. Japanese porcelain, painted in
colours, with gilding ; the top in compartments, with landscapes
and diapers ; the edges ornamented with a Greek fret. Mark
inside cover, Nan-ki Otoko'yama set. '^ Made at Otokoyama in
Southern Kii," being the second column of PI. X. 115. Im-
pressed mark on bottom indistinct, apparently like the other,
but in the seal character. Kishiu ware. L. 3 in. 1073.

Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; inside running
scrolls of leaves and fruit on a speckled brown ground ; outside,
a large scroll in bright colours. Mark, Nan-ki Otoko-yama,
" Otokoyama in Southern Kii." Kishiu ware. Diam. 8 in.

1074.

Basin, with spout. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue under
the glaze, and with green and red. Outside a running scroll,
with red circles and flowers ; inside, three medallions contain-
ing flowers, between which red circles on a diapered ground.
In the centre is inscribed Kin giyoku man do, ** The hall full
of gold and precious stones." Diam. 4f in. 1075.

QuATREPOi^ Bowl, on foot. Coarse Japanese porcelain, with
thick white glaze, roughly painted in red and green, with gilding ;
inside, a flower with insects ; outside, four peaches on diapered
ground. Mark, stamped, Ka-hin Shi-riu, the name of the fabric.
Diam. 5^ in. [PL XV. 191.] 1076.

Circular Box. Japanese porcelain ; on the cover two circles in
blue under the glaze ; the rest of the surface decorated in gold
on a red ground ; two five-clawed dragons above the waves of
the sea. Mark, stamped, Ka-hin Shi-riUy the name of the fabric.
Diam. 2^ in. [PI. XV. 191.] 1077.

Box AND Cover, in the form of the fruit of the P3n'us japonica, of
which the stem and flower form the knob. Japanese porcelain,
mottled . in brown and white, with blue on the stalk. Diam.
4^ in, 1078.

Box AND Cover, in the form of a pomegranate, of which a branch
forms the handle. Thick Japanese porcelain, painted in faint
colours with gilding ; on the sides various insects. Mark, inside
the lid painted in blue, and on the foot, engraved in the seal
character, Ki tei, " Tortoise hall," the name of a firm. The
mark in the seal character reads the same as the stamp [PI. XV.
204.] but is larger. H. 5 in., diam. 6 in. 1079,

SECTION D.— PAINTED IN COLOURS. lo9

DiSHy moulded in the form of an open flower of the Hibiscus
(Kosa Sinensis). Japanese porcelain. The central petals coloured
pinky and the edges gilt. Mark, stamped, in the seal character,
very large, iTi tei. " Tortoise hall." Diam. 10^ in. 1079a.

Box, in the form of a chestnut. Japanese porcelain, painted in
colours, with gilding. The nut is brown with rarious diapers
and borders; on the cover a white mouse. Ki6to ware. L. 4^ in.

1080.

Bowl. Japanese porcelain ; inside, a medallion, with a kylin
painted in blue ; around it phoenixes and clouds in gold on a red
ground ; outside three medallions oontaining the characters
Man zai ya, *< House of 10,000 years," with scroll work between
them, also in gold on a red ground. Mark, Kin roku dot skiyS
sen yoy " For common use at the great sacrifice of the Golden
Charm." 1081.

Bowl. Japanese porcelaiu, painted in red and green, with
gilding ; inside the word Takai^ '^ Honourable ;" outside a scene
with a man seated in a house, another driving a buffalo, and a
domestic ffrotip. Mark, Dai Nippon Yei-raku tsukttru. " Made
by Yeiraku of Great Japan." Ki6to ware. Diam. 5| in.
[PI. X. 118.] . 1082.

Paib of Quadbangulab Canistebs, with covers. Japanese por-
celain, painted in dark brown, and ornamented with diapers in
gold and silver, imitating inlaid metal. Mark stamped, Vei-raku,
Made at Kioto. H. 4^ in. [PI. XVI. 225.] 1083.

Cup, with handle. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with\

' flowers arranged in circles ; borders of dark brown, with patterns

in gold to imitate inlaid metal. Mark, JJai Nippon Vei^-raku sei.

" Made by Yeiraku, of Great Japan." Kidto wai*e. H. 3J in.

[PL X. 118.1 1084.

Ctlindbical Box, in three stages. Japanese porcelain, painted
in dark brown, and ornamented with designs in gold and silver
imitating inlaid metal. On the cover three storks among clouds;
on the side a running pattern of vine. Ki6to ware. H. 3^ in.,
diam. 3 in. 1085.

Two Teapots. Japanese porcelain. On the sides three medal-
lions with coiled dragons in blue ; the rest of the surface deco-
rated with floral scrolls on a red ground. Under the handles is
inscribed, Dai Nippon Yei^raku tsukuint. ** Made by Yeiraku
of Great Japan." Kioto ware. H. 2f in. [PI. X. 118.]

1086.

Teapot. Japanese porcelain, covered with a turquoise glaze, on
which are pink peonies, with blue leaves on a black ground.
L. 4iin. 1087.

Diminutive Teapot {Kibisho). Japanese porcelain, painted in
red with gilding ; overlapping circles in various patterns, in one

A 167. M

160 CLASS VII. — JAPAN£SE PORCELAIN.

of which are four figures. Mark in red, Ko-to in a square, and
at the side Mei-ho, This signifies made by Meiho of the East
side of the Lake [of Biwa]. H. 2i in. [PL XIV. 182.]

1088.

Cylindrical Vessel for brushes. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours, with gilding. An Argus pheasant on rocks with
flowers ; above a red border ; on the ground is inscribed Ko-to.
Ji-nen-anji, " East side of the Lake [of Biwa]. Vessel [made
by] Ji-nen-an." H. i*) in., diam. 5^ in. 1089.

Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with gilding
inside, a basket of flowers and insects ; outside, a band of
numerous figures on a gold ground, said to be the disciples of
Confucius. Mark in red, OgcUa Shiu-hei, the maker's name.
Ki6to ware. Diam. 4 J in. 109O.

Shallow Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours with
gilding ; inside, insects ; outside, a band of numerous figures on
a gold ground, said to be the disciples of Confucius ; below, a
narrow border with fishes in red. Mark in red, Ogata Shiu-
^et, the maker's name. Ki6to ware. Diam. 4f in. 1091.

Plate. Coarse Japanese porcelain, painted in colours. In the
centre a branch of pomegranate ; border of a diaper splashed
with green and yellow, interrupted by four medallions enclosing
a key pattern in red and white. Mark, in the seal character,
in black on a green enamelled ground, FukUy "Happiness."
Kaga ware. Diam. 8 in. [Compare PI. XV. 192.] 1092.

Tray. Coarse Japanese porcelain enamelled in colours ; in the
centre a landscape with a bridge ; border of scroll work differ-
ing at each end ; outside green, with four feathera in outline.
Mark, in the seal character in black on a green ground, Fuku,
"Happiness." Kutani ware, province of Kaga. L. 7^ in.
[PI. XV. 192.] 1093.

Cup. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours ; on the outside
large leaves and fruit, on a yellow ground spotted with black.
Mark in black on a green panel, Kutani. Old Kaga ware.
H. 2Jin., diam. 3 in. [Compare PI. XL 138.] 1094.

Saucer Dish. Japanese ware, enamelled in colours with gilding ;
a landscape in a cinquefoil panel, with court personages picking
iris flowers by the side of water ; spandrils filled with diaper ;
on the back a formal scroll. Mcurk, very large, painted green,
FukUy *^ Happiness." Kutani ware, province of Kaga. Diam.
Hi in. [Compare PI. XV. 192.] 1095.

Box AND Cover, of cinquefoil form. Japanese porcelain, painted
in colours, yellow top with blue edge and green sides. Mark,
in black on a green ground, Fuku, " Happiness. Old Kaga ware.
H. If in., diam. 2\ in. [Compare PI. XV. 192.] 1096.

SECTION D.'-PAINTED IN COLOURS. 161

Box, in the form of a duck, with its head resting on its back.
Japanese porcelain, painted in colours. Mark inside the lid, in
black on a yellow panel, Fuku, "Happiness." Old Kaga
ware. L. 3 in. [Compare PI. XV. 192.] 1097.

Travelling Food Vessel, consisting of two circular trays and
a saki bottle, fitting one above the other. Coarse Japanese
porcelain painted, in colours; circles enclosing de\dces or armorial
badges on bands of red diaper. Kutani ware, province of Kaga.
H. 11 in. 1098.

Cup and Saucer. Japanese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding, chiefly red, green, and lilac. In the centre of each a
flower ; at the sides three similar flowering trees with pendant
branches. Mark, a rose outlined in red, and engraved in the
paste N = 93 with an arrow, the number of the Dresden Col-
lection. Diam. 3 in., 4| in. 1099.

Two Cups. Japanese porcelain, painted in red and green with
black outlines; inside a flower, outside four red fishes ; above a
wave pattern, Mark in red, Do-suke chin gtuzriy " The precious
possession of Dosuke." Diam. 3^ in. 1100.

Deep Bowl. Japanese porcelain, painted in red with gilding ;
inside, parallel bands and an heraldic badge of two storks with
their wings extended, four times repeated ; outside, circles and
lozenges on a scroll ground, with borders above and below.
Mark, an indistinct seal. Kutani ware. H. 4^ in. ; diam. 8 in.

1101.

Two Octagonal Plates. Japanese porcelain, painted in red,
with gilding. In the centre a panel with a man riding on a lion ;
around and at the back various borders and diapers. Mark in
red, Kutani. Diam. 4 in. [Compare PL XL 138.] 1102.

Five-sided Dish, with the angles curled inwards. Japanese por-
celain, painted in red with gilding ; mythological figures of
seven sages of the Tsin dynasty surrounded by clouds ; on the
outside five children with various attributes. Mark in red,
Kutani, Kutani ware, province of Kaga. Diam. 7 in. [Com-
pare PI. XL 138.] -1103.

Circular Box and Covee. Japanese porcelain, painted in
colours, with gilding ; outside, in the centre of lid, a man with
an umbrella standing by a river watching a frog attempting
to reach the bough of a weeping willow. This illustrates the
Japanese legend of Ono no Tofu. Around it a scroll border,
and below a band of red with a gilt scroll, interrupted by two
medallions containing flowers, and two panels of diaper work.
Liside two medallions with flowers. Mark in red, Kutani,
Diam. 5 in. [Compare PL XL 138.] 1101.

Ono no Tofu being unsuccessful in life, while meditating over his nus-
fortunes, saw a green frog jumping up to the end of the bough of a
willow, which it at length reached. This made him determined to
make fresh efforts, which were crowned with success. He was
afterwards worshipped as a saint at Sugisaka, province of Yamashiro.

M 3

162 CLASb VII. — ^JAFANBSE l*OU0JfiJLAIN.

CiBCULAB Box. White glazed Japanese ware, painted in red,
with gilding. On the coyer Hotel with two bojs; inside a
phoenix, a dragon, and borders of tassels. Mark in red, Kutani,
and in gold on a red panel, Fuhu^ ^^ Happiness." Diam. 6\ in.
[Compare PI. XI. 138; XV. 192.] 1105.

CoYBRED Basin. Grey Japanese ware, painted in duU colours,
with gilding ; formal scroll work in green and blue, on a dull
red ground. Mark in red, Dai Nippon Kaga Kutani, Kutani
ware, province of Kaga. Diam. 5 in. 1100.

Bowl. Yellow glazed Japanese ware, painted in red and black,
with gilding ; inside, in the centre, a medallion enclosing an
heraldic badge, a stork with expanded wings which meet above
its head ; the rest of the inside covered with a network partly
black, partly red ; at one side a phoenix among clouds ; on the
outside two long panels, one of them with four men reading,
the other with a dragon wnong clouds. Mark in black on a red
panel, Kuiani. Diam. 8^ in. [Compare PL XI. 188.3 H^?*

Dish. Yellow glazed Japanese ware, painted in brown and red, with
gilding ; in the centre a peacock on rock with flowers; border
of red and gold diaper ; on the outside panels of diaper on a
red and gold ground and running scroll. Mark in red,' Dai
Nippon Kutani Ka-cho^kin set, ^' Made by Kachokin of
Kutani, in Great Japan." Diam. 14 in. 1108.

Saki Bottle, with small neck. Japanese pottery, painted, in two
compartments, with flowers in red and green, lie intervening
spaces being lattice work in red, above which borders in red.
Probably old Kutani ware. H. 9 in. 1109.

Bowl, with overhanging and indented edge. Grey Japanese
pottery, enamelled in colours, with gilding. Inside, a bird on a
weeping willow, of which the lower part of the trunk extends
over the outside ; on one side a large splash of green. Mark
stamped, illegible, and painted in red, Kutani. Diam. 6^ in.

1110.

Small Sobeen, in the form of a moon rising through the branches
of a prunus tree. Japanese porcelain. The trunk of the tree
forms the stand, the disc of the moon the screen, across which
ducks are fljdng, while the branches are in low relief and coloured
pink and white. Mark, faintly impressed, Ko-tei (Lake-house),
the maker's name. H. 6^ in. 1111.

Oblong Stand, containing a small pot. Grey Japanese stone-
ware. The upper part is covered with a deep green glaze with
the border in red, the sides pierced, and edges gilt. Mark in
red, Mi'kuni^ name of a place in the province of Yechizen.
Size, 3iin. by 2iin. [PI. XIV. 187.] 1112.

Two Saki Cups. Japanese eggshell porcelain. The inside with
birds and sprigs enamelled in blue with gilding ; the outside

SECTION D. — PAINrBJ> IN COLOURS. 163

with plants aud iuscriptions painted in blue under the glaze.
Mark, To^giyoku yen, Go-suke sei. " Made by.GoBuke at the
Togiyoku house." Diam. 2^ in. [PI. XIV. 1 78.] 1113.

Set op Five Saki Cups, graduated in size. Japanese eggshell
porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding, with figures of a
theatrical character. Sheba ware, made at Tokio. Diam. 4J in.
to2iin. 1114.

Sbt of Three Saki Cctps, graduated in size. Japanese eggshell
porcelain, pencilled in black, with raised white and gilt grounds,
a fir tree, &c., turtles, and storks. On each the signature of the
painter, Shun-zan. Sheba ware, made at Tokio. Diam. tS} in.
to2iin. 1115.

Set of Three Saki Cups, graduated in size. Japanese eggshell
porcelain, painted in faint colours, with gilding. Landscapes
with panels above, inscribed with the names of views near Tokio
and the artist's name, Getsu-ho. Sheba ware, made at Tokio.
Diam. 3^ m. to 2^ in. 1116.

Set of Three Saki Cups^ graduated in size. Japanese eggshell
porcelain, enamelled in blue with gilding, with various scenei^
from the No, or ceremonial dances ; on each the signature of
the artist in red. Sheba ware, made at Tokio. Diam. 3^ in. to
2|in. 1117.

Set of Three Saki Cups, graduated in size. Japanese eggshell
porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding. Busts of Japanese

. ladies. On each the signature of the artist, Sha-getsu ro-jin^
" The old man Shogetsu,'* and a seal signifying ** Seventy-two
years old." Sheba ware, made at Tokio. Diam. 34 in. to 2\ in.

1118.

GLASS Vin.— JAPANESE POTTERY.

Low Vase, with rounded base. Thin Japanese pottery, of a dull
black, turned on tlfe lathe ; in one place a hole has been filled
with melted brass ; the former owner has written his name in
red lacquer. Giyoki ware. 8th century. H. 3| in. ; diam.
ejin. 1119.

Gijoki was a bonxe of the temple of Sugawaraji, province of Ikuim,
and belonged to the Takashi £unilj, descended from a King of
Eandara. He was born A.D. 674, and died in 749. To him is
attributed the invention of the potter's wheel. Another specimen is
in the South Kensington Museum, No. 76,161.

FiGUBE OF KuwAN-ON, the Chinese goddess Kwan-yin, seated
on a lotus. Japanese pottery coloured brown ; on the back
are inscribed Buddhist sentences, and on the pedestal Kei-
an ni'Tien shogatsu nijiu hachi nichi Asho keihaku hi sin JVtrt.

164 CLASS VIII. — .TAt'ANlSSE POTTEBI.

wa-zi. '* Presented by Asho on the 28th January, 2nd year of
Eei-an, to the temple of Ninwazi." The second year of Kei-an
is A.D. 1649. H. 4 J in. 1120.

The Buddhist temple of Ninwazi was built by the Mikado K6k6 Tenno
in the 9th century, and is one of the handsomest buildings on the
west side of Kidto.

Figure of Buddha seated on a lion, and holding in his hands a
book. Japanese pottery, covered with a brown glaze ; at the
back of the figure is inscribed Ben-ski, the maker's name.
H. Sjin. 1121.

Figure of Daikoku, the god of Riches. Japanese pottery ; he is
resting his miniug hammer on u bale of rice, near which are two
mice ; in bis left hand he holds the mouth of his bag, which is
over his shoulder, and has on it a tablet inscribed, BeU'ski Vu-
toku-saiy the maker's name. H. 5^ in. 1122.

Figure op Daikoku, the god of Riches. Japanese pottery covered
with a brown glaze. He is seated and holds in one hand a
money bag, in the other the mining hammer. On his back are
two tablets inscribed, Kawa-ze Ben-shiy the maker's name.
H. 5Jin. 1123.

Figure of Shin-no, the god of Medicine. Japanese stoneware,
partially glazed. He is seated on a rock and holds in his mouth
the leaf of a tree, the trunk of which is in his hand. Bands of
leaves round his neck and waist. H. 9 in. 1124.

Figure of Hotei, the god of Contentment. Brown glazed
Japanese stoneware. He is represented as a fat man, standing,
with his dress open to his waist, and laughing ; }u his right
hand he holds up a fan. Stamped mark in the seal character,
indistinct. Bizen ware. H. 8 j in. 1125.

Figure of Dj^ikoku, the god of Riches. Brown glazed Japanese
stoneware. He is represented seated on the ground, resting
his hands on a mining hammer, which is supported on a bale of
rice. Bizen ware. H. 7f in. . 1126.

Figure of Daruma, seated. Brown glazed Japanese stoneware.
He holds in his hand a fly flap. Bizen ware. H. 8^^ in. 1127.

Group of Hotei and Daikoku. Japanese stoneAvare, covered
with a brown glaze. In the centre, a rice bale, on which is a
dish containing a fish ; on one side, Hotei seated on the gromid,
and resting his ai^m upon his bag; on the other, Daikoku
standing, and holding a bottle. Mark, stamped, K'wa-bo, the
maker's name. H. 6 in. [PL XV. 194.]. 1128.

Figure of Kwangu. Brown Japanese stoneware. He is
standing, and has held in his right hand a sword, now lost ; his

CLASS VIII.— JAPANESE POTTERY. 165

left hand in his belt. Mark incised, (7Ao, part of the maker's
name. Bizen ware. H. 14^ in. 1129.

This is the celebrated Chinese warrior Kwan Yu, who died in the time
of the Three Kingdoms, in A.D. 219. He was canonized in the
12th century, and raised by the Emperor Wan-leih to be the god of
War in 1594, since which he is called in China Kwan Ti.

Incense Bubneu, in the form of Hotei, god of Contentment.
Japanese stoneware, covered with dark brown glaze. Bizen
ware. H. Sj^ in. 1130.

Incense Burner, in the form of a group of two fantastic lions
fighting. Brown glazed Japanese stoneware. Mark incised,
Kio^chika^ a maker's name. Bizen ware. H. 7-J^ in. 1131.

Bottle, with narrow neck. Brown glazed Japanese stoneware,
with spots of a lighter colour in low relief. Bizen ware. Said
to be a close imitation of Corean ware. H. 8 j- in. 1 132.

Wall Vase for flowers, in the form of an insect, the cicada,
resting on a branch of the pine. Brown glazed Japanese stone-
ware. Bizen ware. H. 5J in. 1133.

Wall Vase for flowers, in the form of a basket. Dark brown
Japanese stonewai*e imitating rusty iron ; interlacing bands
in slight relief like bamboo work. Probably Bizen ware.
H. 6 in. 1134.

Two Plates. Fine brown Japanese stoneware, with ornaments
in low relief, viz., a child with Hotel's bag, and a formal border.
Bizen ware, modern. Diam. 3| in. 1135.

Incense Burner, in the form of a box resting on a hod of basket
work. Brown glazed Japanese stoneware. Bizen ware.
H. 6jin. 1136.

Fan-shaped Bottle. Red Japanese stoneware, with streaks lo
imitate marble ; on the two faces are panels with chrysanthe-
mums among clouds, moulded in low relief. Bizen ware.
H. 4f in., L. 6 in. 1137.

Bottle of riide form, with broad base. Dark brown Japanese
stoneware, slightly ' glazed. With its original silk bag. Imbe
ware, made in the province of Bizen. H. 9f in. 1138.

Probably a very ancient specimen.

Gk)UBD-SHAF£D BoTTLE. Red Japanese stoneware, with a dull
glaze, stamped with small scrolls. Bizen ware. H. 6 in.

1139.

Circular Stand, on a high massive foot. Rude Japanese pottery,
covered with a brown glaze. Said to be Tokonabe ware.
H. 2 J in., diam. 4| in. 1140.

Gourd-shaped Bottle, in two stages. Grey Japanese stone-
ware, coyered with a thin slate-coloured glaze. H. 4^ in.

1141.

166 OliASS nil. —JAPANESE POTTERY.

GouitD-sRAPED Bottle. Japanese stoneware, of coarse make,
brownish glaze, with roughness or scorine, among which maj be
distingaished incised characters, O-gon^ ^' Yellow gold," and
6ome verses. H. 8 in. 1142.

Floweb Tubs. Japanese stoneware, with a light brown glaze.
It spreads out slightly at the base and has incised inscriptions,
in Japanese verses on a flower boat, ** written by the old man
Han-sen." Mark, in a hexagon, Sei^ the maker's name.
H. 8i in. 1143.

Jab, with five small loops as handles. Coarse Japanese pottery,
partially covered with a brown glaze. Mito ware. H. 5 in.

1144.

Flower Yasb. Coarse Japanese pottery, partially covered with a
pale grey glaze ; round the neck are stems in relief, terminating
in leaves ; the handles are formed of two flowers coloured red
and green. Mito ware. H. TJ in. 1145.

Vase, imitating a flsh basket. Brown Japanese stoneware. An
extraordinary specimen of manufacture, as the bands imitating
wicker appear to have been separately applied, and may be seen
to cross each other. H. 7 ih., W. 6| in. 1 146.

Barbel-shaped Pot and Openwork Cover. Japanese stone-
ware, of a. light buff colour, with formal leaves incised and filled
in with white and black. The cover imitates plaited bamboo.
Perhaps Karatzu ware. H. 6 in. 1147.

Jab. Coarse Japanese pottery, unevenly made and partially
glazed buff and grey. Mark incised, Shigaraki U-hcy ** Uhe
of Shigaraki." H, 3J in. 1148.

Floweb Vase. Japanese pottery. It has a wide lozenge-shaped
mouth, and is covered with a light brown glaze with streaks of
darker colours. On the bottom is inscribed in red lacquer,
I'^en^aaiy probably an owner's name. Shigaraki ware. 'H. 9^ in.

1149.

Squat Ikoense Vase. Japanese pottery, covered with an irre-
gular brown glaze. Ivory cover and silk bag. Said to be
Shigaraki ware. H. 2^ in. 1150.

Incense Vase. Coarse Japanese stoneware, roughly made and
covered with a thin brownish glaze. Mark stamped indistinct.
Ivory cover. Shigaraki ware. H. 3 in. 1161.

Tbipod Vase. Japanese stoneware, covered with a green glaze,
crackled ; the feet are in the form of boys supporting the bowl
with their hands. Shigaraki ware. H. 1} in. 1152*

GrOUBD -shaped Bottle. Japanese stoneware, with a rough
surface, partially glazed, somewhat imitating fish akin. Shigaraki
ware. H. 5^ in. 1153.

Small Tbat. Grey Japanese stoneware, covered with flmall
lumps of glaze to imitate shark skin, whence it in called Same-
yaki. Diam. 3 in. 1154i

GLASS VIII.-^JAPANESE POTTERY. 167

GouRX>*SHAPED BoTTLE. Brown Japanese stoneware, of which
the surface is covered with small drops of glase so as to imitate
shark% skin. Called foj the Japanese Same-yaki, meaning
shark's skin ware. H. 4| in. 1165.

Vase. Japanese stoneware, covered with a smooth brown glaze
on the upper portion ; the lower part unglazed. Takatori ware,
made at Sobara-mura, province of Chikuzen. H. 2\ in.

1156.

Incense Vase, with two small ears. Brown Japanese stoneware,
partially glazed, of a light brown, with a patch of darker
brown ; ivory cover and original silk bag. Takatori ware,
made at Sobara-mura, province of Chikuzen. H, 4 in. 1157.

Incense Vase, with two small ears. Yellow Japanese stoneware,
partially glazed of a full brown, with its original silk bag.
Takatori ware, made at Sobara-mura, province of Chikuzen.
H. 3i in. 1158.

Gourd-shaped Vessel, with a large opening at the side for
burning incense before the Kamis. Grey glazed Japanese

- stoneware. Takatori ware, made at Sobara-mura, province of
Chikuzen. H. 3^ in. 1159.

Sattcer Dish. Japanese- stoneware with ornaments in relief,
covered with a streaky glaze, brown, black, and yellow, orna-
mented with a large flower, from which issue scrolls. Takatori
ware. Diam. 7f in. 1160.

Bowl, of which the rim is curled inwards on two sides. Japanese
stoneware, coated inside with a green glaze, and outside brown.
Said to be Takatori ware. Mark stamped in Japanese, Ki,
part of the maker's name. Diam. 7^ in. [PI. XV. 195.]

1161.

Low Vase. Japanese stoneware, covered with a speckled metallic
glaze imitating copper, the foot left rough and solid. H. 2f in. ;
diam. 3^ in. 1162.

Tea Jar. Dark brown Japanese stoneware, glazed inside. The
body horizontally ribbed ; round the mouth six knobs. Ivory
cover. Said to be made by Hozan of Ki6to. H. 2} in. 1163.

Circular Box. Brown glazed Japanese stoneware, with orna-
ments in low relief, chrysanthemums on a diapered ground.
Mark, a seal charact-er, Sei, the maker's name. Diam. 6^ in.
[PI. XV. 196.] 1164.

Vase of a lozenge form. Coarse brown Japanese stoneware, with
portions of green crackle glaze round the mouth. Mark, two
long panels stamped in the seal character, I-ga Ju-shi sei sei,
" Carefully made by Jushi of Iga." Iga ware, made in that
province. H. 9 in. 1 165.

The factory is near Shigaraki, in the neighbouring province of Omi,
and was established about the same time.

168 GLASS VIlI. — ^JAPANESE POTTEBY.

Trianoitlah Water Vessel. Light brown Japanese stoneware,
partiallj coverad with a dark brown glaze, over which is run a
thick oUtc green glaze. Tamba ware. Black lacquer cover.
H. 4^ in. ; L. 7 in. 1 165a.

This ware is made in the province of Tamba, and resembles Corean.
The specimens made between 1520 and 1580 are called Ko-Tamba.

Shallow Bowl, on high foot, in which are three holes for sus-
pension. Japanese stoneware, covered with a grey crackle
glaze. Probably Hagi ware. H. 2} in.; diam. 6^ in. 1166.

It is not known when the fabric at Hagi, province of Nagato, com-
menced. Tea bowls were, however, made there, 1504-1520. A
centary later a Corean named Rikei, or Korai Saijemon, settled
there, and his descendants in the eighth generation still continue
the trade.

Drinking Cup. Brown Japanese stoneware covered with a grey
glaze^ crackled ; round the body are faintly indicated storks
with flowerhi between them, incised and filled in with white and
blue. Hagi ware, made at Hagi, province of Nagato. H. 2^ in.,
diam. 2| in. 1167.

Incense Burner, in the form of an artichoke, of which three of
the leaves arc bent down to form the feet. Japanese stoneware^
covered with a lavender glaze, crackled. Hagi ware, made at
ELagi, province of Nagato. H. 4 in. 1 168.

Cup. Grey Japanese stoneware, covered with a thick glaze,
crackled ; the under part coloured brown. Hagi ware, made at
Hagi, province of Nagato. Diam. 3f in. 1169.

Incense Burner, in the form of a tripod. Japanese grey glazed
stoneware, crackled, and with portions in pale green. Hagi
ware, made at Hagi, province of Nagato. H. 2\ in., diam. 3f in.

1170.

Barrel-shaped Incense Vase, lied Japanese stoneware, par-
tially coated with a dark brown glaze with a yellow streak.
Ivory cover, silk bag, and outer case of black lacquer. Zeze
ware. H. 3| in. 1 171.

This ware is made at the small town of Zeze, near the Lake of Omi.
About 1644 tea utensils were extensively made there. The glaze
is like that of Ko-Seto.

Gourd-shaped Incense Jar. Dark red Japanese stoneware,
partially covered with a brown glaze. Ivory cover, lacquer
case, and silk bag. Said to be Zeze ware^ but the lid of the
case is inscribed in gold, Ko-Se-to hio-tan, " Gourd of Ko-
Seto." It is therefore probably of Ko-Seto wai*e. H. 2^ in.

1172.

Ko-Seto is a name given to the pottery made by Eado Shirozayemon,
better known as Toshiro the First, who studied the manufacture in
China in the 13th century, and founded the pottery of Seto, province
of Owari.

J

GLASS VIII.— JAPA^fB8E POTTERY. 169

Vase, with wide mouth. Japanese stoneware, covered with a pale
grey glaze, crackled, through which some indistinct designs in
blue appeal' ; at the bottom a fret border filled in with blue.
G^npin ware, made at Seto, province of Owari. H. 5f in.

1173.

This ware was made by a Corean named Gen-pin, who settled at Seto
between 1592 and 1614.

Octagonal Bowl. Thick Japanese stoneware, covered with a
greenish grey glaze ; inside, in the centre, is impressed a seal
character, filled in with blue ; outside, a dower in each panel,
executed in blue and white. Diam. 4| in. 1174.

Jar. Japanese stoneware, with a grey glaze ; very irregular in
form, and probably a castaway found on the site of a kiln ; sub-
sequently ornaments have been added in gold, representing
crabs, insects, &c. Old Seto ware, province of Owari. H.
ejin. 1175.

Tea Bowl. Orange coloured Japanese pottery, covered with a
yellow glaze. Ki-seto ware, made in the province of Owari.
H. 3 in., diam. 4^ in. 1176.

Long Necked Bottle. Japanese stoneware, covered with a
yellowish glaze, slightly crackled ; brown base. Ki-seto ware,
made in the province of Owrari. H. 9f in. 1177.

Ki-seto, or Yellow Seto, so called for its colour, was first made about
1467-1486 by Uaku-an. This specimen dates probably from 1670.

GouBD-SHApED BoTTLE. Japanese stoneware, covered with a
bluish green glaze, crackled, and with minute white specks. Said
to be made at Seto, province of Owari. H. 7 J in. 1178.

Heavy Bowl. Japanese stoneware, covered inside with a grey
glaze, crackled, over which are radiating lines of large
brown spots ; on the outside storks and clouds impressed and
covered with a sea green glaze, crackled. Seto ware, possibly
made by Gen-pin. Diam. 6| in. 1179.

Cylindrical Water Jar and Cover. Rough Japanese stone-
ware, partially covered with a pale grey glaze ; two crustaceans
form the handles. Mark stamped near the bottom, in seal
character, ICwan-riyo^ the maker's name. H. 7^ in., diam. 3^ in.
[PI. XV. 197.] 1180.

Saki Bottle, with a small lip. Buff coloured Japanese pottery,
covered with vertical streaks of thick white glaze {shiro yusuri\
resembling the drippings of a candle. H. 6^ in. 1181.

Tea Bowl, with a small spout at one side, very rudely made.
Japanese stoneware, coated with an irregular grey glaze {shiro
guBuri)^ crackled ; on the side a very rudely painted flower ;
underneath are five deeply indented finger marks. Diam. 4| in.

1182.

170 GLASS VIII. — JAPANBSJ& FOTTBRT,

Dish, in the form of two halves of bivalve shells overlapping.
Japanese pottery, covered with a pale grey glaze {shiro ffusuri)j
which on the under part is irregularly distributed. Inside are
faint inscriptions relating to the view at Seta« Mark, stamped,
Se-tOy name of a place on the Lake of Biwa. W. 4 J in. 1183,

T£A Bowl. Coarse Japanese glazed stoneware ; on the outside
is outlined in blaclc the badge of the Tokugawa family. Diam.
5 in. 1 184.

Basin. Grey glazed Japanese stoneware, with engraved designs,
filled in with white clay. Inside a chrysanthemum surrounded
by similar flowers ; and inside and out, borders of zigzag
pattern with hatched lines. Mishima ware. Diam. 6^ in.

1185.

Sent from Japan as Corean, and Dr. Hoffmann [ Jacquemart and Le
Blant, p. 315] mentions among Corean potteries tke caps of Mi-
shima (the Three Islands), which are so called because they
resemble at a distance the Mishima ahnanac. This ahnanac is
printed at a famous temple at Mishima on the Tokaido, the great
route to Yedo. The box .containing this specimen hai on it a
label simply describing it as a Mishima basin, and it is not certain
therefore whether this is a Corean or a Japanese imitation.

Bowl. Brown Japanese stoneware, with engraved ornaments
within, filled in with white day, and two nicks in the foot
rim. Mark impressed, Dohachi (P), maker's name. Probably
Yadsushiro ware. Diam. 6 in. 1186.

Saucer. Japanese stoneware, covered with a gray glace, and
ornamented with formal impressed patterns filled in with white.
Mark, stamped in a hex^gon Sei^ the maker's name. Said to be
Mishima ware. Diam. 4 in. 1187.

Bowl. Red Japanese stoneware, with a grey glaKO, and white
ornaments, two circles,. <&c. Said to be Mishima ware* H. 2| in.,
diam. 4i in. " 1188.

Saucer Dish. Brown Japanese stoneware, covered with a grey
glaze, on which are ornaments in white outline ; iu the centre a
dragon ; Greek fret border ; on the back a pattern of radiating
spots. Diam. 6\ in. 1189.

Bowl, Red Japanese stoneware, with a brown glaze and
white ornaments, two circles, &c. Said to be Mishima ware^
made in Idsumo. H. 2| in.^ diam, 4^ in. 1190.

Saucer Dish. Red Japanese stoneware, with a brown glaze and
white ornaments of circles and rays. Said to be Mishima ware>
made at Kidto. Diam. 6 in. 119L

Saki Bottle. Japanese stoneware, with bands of impressed
scallops, covered with a green glaze. Said to be Mishima ware.
H. 5iin. 1192.

CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE I'OTTERY. l7l

Five Cups. White glazed Japanese potteiy, with engraved

design 8, filled in with black ; inside, the seal character, Ju^

^' Longevity.;" outside, various plants. Yadsushiro ware. Diam.

- 2\ in. 1 193.

This factory was founded about 1632 at a Tillage called Shimo-
Toyohara, near Yatsu-hashi, province of Higo, and was worked
after the Satsuma modeL The ware is genendly grey inlaid with
white, and it is probably at this factory that Mishima ware or the
imitation of it were made.

Teapot-stand, on three feet. Japanese stoneware, covered with
a green glaze, crackled. Around it the Pa-kwa, raised and
gilt. Mark, impressed, in the seal character, on a projecting
piece of clay, illegible. Diam. 8 J in. 1194.

Dish, in the form of a haliotis shell. Grey Japanese stoneware,
with a transparent glaze speckled with brown. Mark, stamped,
Mai'hoy the name of a place in Banshiu, near Kobi. L. 7| in.
[PL XV. 198.] 1195.

Ctlindbical Pot. Rough Japanese stoneware, partially glazed,
of a mottled brown. It is made to imitate a section of a branch,
with a cicada in full relief. Mark, stamped, Mai-ko, the name
of a place in Banshiu. H. 3^ in. [PI. XV. 198.] 1 196.

GouBD-SHAPED BoTTLE. Japanese stoneware, covered with a
mottled glaze, with ornaments in white slip. Soma ware.
H. 4| in. 1197.

Dhikkikg Cup, with indented sides. Japanese stoneware ; the
outside rudely pitted, as though with the workman's fingers ;
pale grey speckled with brown, inside greenish and ci'ackled.
Two impressed marks, one of a gourd shape, Soma, the other,
in'an oval, Kane-shige, the maker's name. Soma ware. Diam.
3 in., H. 3 in. [Compare PI. XV. 199, 201.] 1198.

Drinking Cup. Japanese stoneware, partially glazed, and the
inside crackled ; inside part of a horse in relief 5 outside four
coiled green dragons ; the spaces between indented as though
with the finger nail; underneath an impressed figure of a
prancing horse tied to a stake, and stamped mark in an oval,
Ven-zan, the maker's name. H. 3^ in., diam. 4 in. [PI. XV.
200.] 1199.

Dbinking Cup. Grey Japanese stoneware, the sides rough and
irregular, having been pressed in with the hands while soft. It
is covered with specks on the outside under a thin glaze, with
a few patches of green ; on one side a horse in low relief
outlined in blue. The inside is covered with a green crackle^
and at the bottom is faintly traced a horse. H. 3^ in. 1200.

Drinking Cup, with indented sides. Japanese stonewai^e ; the
outside rudely pitted, pale grey speckled with brown, and a
horse in relief; inside mairbled in grey and crimson. Murk,
stamped, in an oval, So-ma, the name of the fabric. Diam. 4^ in.
[Compare PI. XV. 199.] 1201.

172 GLASS VIII. -JAPANESE FOTTEBY.

Dbikkino Cup. Japanese stoneware, roughly indented ; on the
ontside a prancing horse tethered to two stakes, with the hadge
of the Prince of Soma by its side ; inside another horse. Mark,
stamped in an oval, So-mOf the name of the fabric. H. 2} in.
[Compare PI. XV. 199.] 1202.

Two Cups. Japanese potterj, indented at the sides, and coyered
with a speckled grey glaze ; inside is painted a running horse.
Mark, stamped, Kane-shigCy the maker's name. Soma ware.
Diam. 2 in. [PI. XV. 201.] 1203.

GrOURD-SHAPED BoTTLE. Japanese stoneware. The body
covered with a grey glaze, sprinkled with dark spots ; round the
mouth a splash of greenish glaze. Soma ware. H. 10 in.

1204.

Paib of square fruit dishes, with open basketwork edges. Grey
glazed Japanese stoneware ; in the centre, in low relief, a horse
tethered to a stake. Mark, stamped, So-ma, the name of the
fabric. W. 5^ in. [PI. XV. 199.] 1205.

Vessel, in the form of the fruit of the nelumbium (hasw^w-fni).
Fine red Japanese stoneware. Some of the seeds are made loose
80 as to rattle. Diam. 3^ in. 1206.

Deep Saucer Dish. Brown Japanese stoneware, covered with
finger marks, and glazed of a dark grey ; on it branches of
prunus in relief. Two stamped marks, Go^koku-san^ '* Native
products/' and KaU^tsubatay "an iris.'' Diam. 7 in. [PL XI.
137.] 1207.

Tea Bowl, of peculiar form, as though modelled from the lower
half of a turned wooden flask. Japanese stoneware, covered
with a grey glaze with white incised ornaments. Probably
Hagi ware. H. 3| in., L. 5 in. 1208.

Tea Bowl. Japanese stoneware, partially covered' >Yith an
orange glaze ; on the outside is painted a stork flying. Mark,
stamped, Yu-ho^ maker's name. H. 2\ in., diam. 5 in. [PI.
XV. 202.] 1209.

Tea Bowl. Red Japanese pottery, enamelled in colours, with
gilding ; on the outside the figure of Longevity resting on a
stag, and a boy with a fan. H. 2\ in., diam, 3J in. 1210.

Plate. Brown Japanese stoneware, covered with a gre3dsh blue
glaze, and coarsely painted in black with fiowers and scrolls.
Diam. 7 in. 1211.

Tea Bowl. Grey Japanese pottery, covered with a light brown
glaze. Mark, impressed, A^a-hi^ '^ Morning light." Asahi
ware, made at Uji, province of Yamashiro. Diam. 4^ in.,
H. 2|in. [PI. XV. 203.] 1212.

Thifl factoTj was founded between 1644 and 1647, and deriTca iti
name from its colour resembling morning light. It has long been
noted for its tea bowls.

GLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 173

Squahb Shallow Bowl. Japanese stoneware, covered with a
dark brown glaze, coarsely painted in red, yellow, and green ;
on two of the sides rings to represent handles. Diam. 4^ in.

1213.

Tba Bowl. Red Japanese pottery, coarsely made, covered with
a peculiar semi-transparent glaze. Mark, stamped Ji^zan
5aA«, " Made by Jizan/' H. 3 in., diam. 5 in. [PI. XVIII. 258.]

1214.

Stand for teapot lid. Red Japanese pottery, covered with a
white semi-transparent glaze ; it represents a hollow square, on
which a man with a large hat is trying to climb. H. 2^ in.

1215.

Basin. Grey Japanese stoneware, covered with a grey glaze ;
ornamented inside and out with storks among clouds, outlined
in black and coloured green. Said to be Taraba ware.
Diam. 7 in. 1216.

Pot and Cover. Reddish grey Japanese stoneware. Inside is
coarsely painted a monster ; the cover imitates basket work ;
round the handle is tied an osier twig. Mark, stamped inside
the cover in relief, and on bottom, in sunk letters, Ki tei,
'' Tortoise hall," the name of a firm. H. 3^ in., diam. 3f io.
[PI. XV. 204.] 1217.

Squabe Trat. Pale Japanese pottery, covered with a thick
white glaze, over which are a few rude outlines, and some green
patches. Made at Oribe, province of Owari. Mark, Roku'bei,
maker's name. W. 4 in. [PI. XV. 205.] 1218.

The factory of Oribe, province of Owari, was founded in the beginning
of the 17th century at the request of Furata Oribe-no Sho Shige*
katsu, a matamoto of the Shogun.

Cup, pressed into a square form. Pale grey Japanese stoneware.
Made at Oribe, province of Owari. H. 2|- in. 1219.

Square Trat, with wavy edge on a raised foot. White Japanese
pottery covered with a brilliant green glaze ; on it, in low retief,
a map of Japan. Mark, stamped, Tami^ part of the makei^'s
name. W. 12 in. [PI. XV. 206.] 1220.

Oblong Tray, with wavy edge. Japanese pottery, covered with
a bright green glaze, with patches of yellow and brown ; on it,
in very low relief, is a view of a fiimous spot in the province of
Tango, by the seaside, where there is a long natnral causeway,
known as the broken ladder of the gods, Amano Hasidate.
Above is an inscription in Japanese, " View of Amano Hasi-
date, surrounded by the angry waves and enveloped in misf."
Awaji ware. L. 9in. 1221.

I'wo Deep Saucers, one green glazed, one yellow glazed.
Japanese pottery. They are in the shape of the Paulownia
imperialis, which is the badge of the Mikado's family. Mark,
stamped on one, Minato yaki, "Minato pottery." Minato
ware, made at Sakai, province of Idsumi. Diam. 5| in. 1222.

174 CliiASS YIII.— JAPANESE POTTEUY.

Tbapot, in the form of a sacred tortoise, of which the tail curls
over and forms the handle, the head being the Bpout. Japanese
pottery, covered with a green glaze. On the lid is a shell.
Mark, stamped, Sen-shiu Sakai mo to Minato yaki Kichi-ye-
mon. " Original Minato ware of Kichiyemon, [made at]
Sakai, [province of] Sen-shin." L. 7^ in. [PI. XVIII. 249.]

1223.

Tantalus Cup. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery; from the
centre rise bamboo trunks, painted green ; in the lower part
is a hole, through which, when 'the cup is filled, the water
enters till it reaches the top of an internal tube, and runs out
of an opening in the bottom of the cup. . Mark, impressed in
a square, Sen-shiu Sakai moto Minato yaki Kichi-ye-mon.
^^ Original Minato ware of Kichiyemon, [made at] Sakai,
[province of] Senshiu." Diam. 3;^^ in. [Compare PL XVIII.
249, but smaller.] 1224.

Ikcense Burner, in the form of an old man. Glazed Japanese
pottery. He wears a green robe lined with yellow, and has a
pointed beard, breast and feet naked. Awaji ware. H. 12^ in.

1225.

Two Trat«, in the form of open bivalve shells. Japanese
pottery. One of them covered with a green glaze, the other with
a yellow glaze ; on both, in low relief, an iuscription in the seal
character, being moral sentences. Minato or Awaji ware. L.
6iin. 1226.

Trat, in the form of a hand screen. Japanese pottery, with
details in low relief, covered with green, purple, and yellow
glazes. Awaji ware. L. lljin. 1227.

Square Trat, with recurved edge. White glazed Japanese
pottery, with ornaments in low relief, coloured yellow, green,
and brown. In the centre two birds perched on the branch of
a tree, with yellow flowers; border of vandyke&, alternately
green with a wave pattern, and yellow with various diapers.
Said to be Sanuki ware. W. 8| in, 1228.

Covered Cup. White Japanese pottery, partly covered with
a yellow glaze, leaving an indeterminate design in white.
Awaji ware. Diam. 4^ in. 1229.

Saucer Dish, with indented edge. Japanese pottery, over
which is engraved a peony plant and butterfly, coloured green,
purple, and white ; the rest of th6 surface covered with a deep
yellow glaze. Awaji ware, made by Minpei. Diam. 7 in.

1230.

Box, in the form of an open fan. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery,
with a landscape painted in black with gilding. Mark, stamped
Min-pei, maker's name. Minpei ware, made in the Island of
Awaji. W. 4fin. [PI. XV. 207.] 1231.

Kashla Min-pei is the name of a potter who founded a factory at
Igano-mura, Island of Awaji, about 40 years ago. He learnt the art
at Gojosaka near Ki6to, and his ware is like that of Awata.

CLASS VII r. — JAPANESE POTTER Y» l76

Box, of irregular form. Yellow glaaed Japanese pottery. The
inside witli clouds in black and gold ; on the outside a river
scene in brown and grey. The sides with a trellised diaper.
L. 4Jin. J232.

LiCAF-BHAPED Tray. Japanese pottery, covered with green glaze ;
the ornament consists of branches of cypress in relief, evidently
modelled from the tree itself. Said to be Kochi ware, probably
made at Nose-yama, province of Tosa, L. 6J in. 1233.

Flower Vase, with depressed body divided into six lobes,
hexagonal neck and mouth, and two handles. Japanese pottery,
with engraved designs, covered with a bright green gla^e,
with a few touches of yellow. Said to be Kochi ware 5 pro-
bably made in the province of Tosa. H. 5J in. 1834.

Tray, in the shape of a curved horn, like one of the Chinese
symbols. Japanese pottery, covered with a bright green glaze.
Mark, stamped in an oval on the side, Ris-sai^ the maker's
nauie. [PI. XV. 208.] L. 6^ in. 1235.

Cylindrical Fire Pot. Japanese stoneware, brown ground,
with ornaments in slip, buff coloured flowers and scrolls with
green and purple leaves. Mark, stamped Tai-zan, maker's
name. Diam. 4^ in. [PI. XV. 209.] 1236

Bowl on foot. Buff coloured Japanese stoneware, glaa^c-d and
crackled. A lion, in full relief, is attached to the edge of the
bowl. H. 4f in. 1237.

Vase, in th« form of a pedestal for holding pens. Japanese
stoneware. It is covered with a dull purple glaze, through
which flowers in outline can be distinguished, and has round
the top the Pa-kwa ; on one side is a small figure of a lion
in full relief, which is represented as though just sprang on to
the edge of the vessel. H. 5^ in. 1238.

Quadrangular Vase, on four small feet. Japanese pottery, with
a light brown glaze ; the outer surface covered with indenta-
tions, so as to give it a rough surface. Mark, incised Mune^
nobuj the maker's name. H. 3^ in., L. 3J in. 1239.

Quadrangular Vessel for washing brushes for writing. Ja-
panese stoneware, covered with brown crackled glaze ; on the
bottom is an inscription signifying " Made by Bunteigo at the
principal factory of the Banko house, in the beginning of
spring of the Mideunoye Tora calendar of the 8nd year of Tem-
mei," AD. 1782. Yedo Banko ware. Dimen. 2 in. by 2^ in,

1240.

Two Bhell^shaped Saucers. Grey glazed Japanese stoneware ;
in each a similar rude landscape iu brown and blue ; above which
two lines of poetry and the signature, Banko, the maker's name.
Yedo Banko ware, Diam. 5\ in, 1241.

A 167, '^

176 CI^ASS Vlil.— JAPANESE POTTEBY.

Sauceb. TeUow glazed JapaneM pottery, crackled and painted
in red ; in the centre a cruciform ornament ; at the sides two
panels, one enclosing two boys, the other a flower. Mark,
stamped, Banko, Yedo Banko ware. Diain. 6 in. " 1242.

Square Bottle, for soy, with truncated angles. Grey glazed
Japanese stoneware, crackled ; on one face is inscribed, in low
relief, Dai Nippon Shoyu Take-guchi sei in large letters,
" Great Japan soy made by Takeguchi,'* and in smaller Banko
Ko'saku isukurUy " Made by Koaaku Banko." H. 6| in. 1243.

Ctlindrical Tea Box. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, slightly
crackled; the outside covered with an apple green glaze.
Mark, stamped inside the lid, in an oval, Banko. H. 2^ in.,
diam.2iin. 1244.

Wall Vase, in the form of a long basket. Yellow Japanese
pottery, painted black and with a cicada in relief on one
side. Two marks, stamped in squares, in the seal character,
Banko and Dai Nippon Vu-setsUy the maker's name. Ise Banko
ware. H. 6^ in. [Compare PI. XL 136.] 1245.

Ikcense Burner. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, coated with
black to imitate bronze ; it is in the form of a vase resting
on three figures of boys, and has three monsters' heads, with
loose rings ; on the cover a lion. Mark, stamped in the seal
character, Banko and Dai Nippon Vu-seisu, the maker's name.
Is^ Banko ware. H. 6^ in. [Compare PI. XI. 136.] 1246.

Two-HANBLXD Yesskl AND CoYER. Grey Japanese stoneware,
showing the marks of the workman's finger and thumb ; fluted
body; the cover surmounted by two mushrooms. Mark,
stamped in a square, in the seal character, Banko yu-setsu, the
maker's name. Ise Banko ware. H. 5 in. 1247.

Wall Vase for flowers, cylindrical. Grey Japanese stoneware,
with a light brown glaze ; on one side are painted two panels
of irregular form, representing the mountain Fusi-yama and
two storks flying. On one side a slit for suspension. Mark,
stamped in an oval, in the. seal character, Banko^ the maker's
name. H. 5| in. 1248.

Bowl, in the form of a nelumbium leaf. Brown Japanese stone-
ware, covered with a grey glaze, and ornamented in colours with
gilding ; outside a stork in relief and stems of grass, which
cur] round the inside, on which is a snail. Mark, stamped,
Banko, Diam. 6 in. 1249.

Bottle-shaped Vase, with fluted body, pale brown Japanese
stoneware, unglazed ; enamelled with a creeper in colours.
Mark, stamped, Nip'pon Banko, and within an oval Da-tei
isukuru. "Made by Datei." H. 11 in. [PI. XVI. 210.] 1250.

Bowl. Japanese pottery, of which the glaze has become rough
from overbaking, though probably done purposely ; on it is a
badge like that of the Tokugawa family in black. Iga ware,
made in the province of Omi. Diam. 4| in. 1251,

OLABB VIII. — JAPANSBE POTTERY. 177

Bowl. Cream coloured Japanese pottery, slightly crackled ; with a
crest three times repeated, being the badge of the Tokugawu
family in black. Said to be Iga ware. Diam. 4^ in. 1252.

Water Pot and Cover. Pale yellow glazed Japanese pottery,
painted in green and brown with gilding. A trunk of an old
fir tree, a prunus and bamboo leaves, three emblems of
longevity, and two insects. Tubes at the sides for suspension.
The cover made in imitation of lacquer. Mark, impressed
Aha-hada yama^ the name of the fabric, and a stamp, Boku-
haku^ the maker's name. Akahada ware, made at Koriyama,
province of Yamato. H. S\ in. [PI. XVIII. 259.] 1253.

This factory was founded about 1644*1647, chiefly to make tea
utensils.

Water Pot and Cover. Pale yellew Japanese pottery, painted
in colours with gilding ; on one side a hanging flower vase,
and a bowl with fishes on a stand ; each accompanied by aa
inscription, being the signature of the artist Boku-haku ; the
cover made in imitation of lacquer ; at the sides imitations of
tubes. Mark, stamped, Aka-hada yamuy the name of the fabric,
and Boku-hakUf the maker's name. Akahada ware, made at
Koriyama, provyice of Yamato. H. 6J in. [PI. XVIII. 259.]

1254.

Tea Bowl. Japanese stoneware, covered with olive brown
glaze ; inside are impressed four figures with trees between
them, and a border ; outside, scored vertical lines. Mark, Aka-
Jmda yama, and in a circle Boku-haku, the maker's name.
Akahada ware, made at Koriyama, province of Yamato. H.
2f in., diam. 4^ in. [Pi. XVIII. 259.] 1255.

Dish, in the form of the Tai fish. Red Japanese pottery, covered
with a white glaze, showing a darker colour in the raised
portions. Mark, stamped on a kidney-shaped panel, Aka-hadOy
the name of the fabric. Akahada ware, made at Koriyama,
province of Yamato. L. 7^ in. [P1.XVL211.] 1256.

Oblong Tray on three feet. Japanese stoneware, covered with
a white glaze. Inside a swastika pattern, bordered with scrolls
in low relief. Mark, stamped, ItU'Sai, the maker's name.
L. 6 in. [PI. XVI. 212.] 1257.

Leaf-shaped Saucer. Japanese pottery, covered with a light
brown glaze with greyish streaks. Mark, stamped in a circle,
O-hi. Ohi ware, made at Ohi-machi, near Kanazawa, province
of Kaga. Diam. 4f in. [Compare PI. XVIII. 250.] 1258.

Ctlindricax Water Pot and Cover. Japanese pottery, covered
with a light brown glaze ; on the cover a craw-fish in relief.
Mark, stamped in a circle, O-hi, Ohi ware, made at Ohi-
machi, near Kanazawa, province of Kaga. H. 6 in., diam 6 in.
[PI. XVIII. 250.] 1259.

This fiictory was established on the Baku system by Chozayemon
about 1680, and has been much patronised by the Tea clubs.

N 2

178 CLASS YIII.— JAPANESE POTTXBY.

Box AND CovEB, in the form of a fruit. Japanese pottery,
covered with a brilliant chestnut glaze, excepting three pancds
of green glaze, with animals, &c. in low relief. Mark, stamped
inside the cover, O-hi, Ohi ware made at Ohi-machi, province
of Kaga. Diam. 2^ in. [Compare PL XVIH. 250.] 1260.

Oval T&at, in the form of a basket, containing five Chinese
cash. Japanese potterj, moulded in low relief, and covered with
a light brown glaze. L. 3} in. 1261.

Plate. Japanese pottery, with ornaments in relief. Covered
with an amber-coloured glaze. In the centre a kylin, around
which a running scroll of flowers ; indented edge, and under-
neath scored finger marks. Pkt>bably Ohi ware. Diam. 8 in.

1262.

Two SMALL Saitcebs. Japanese pottery, with impressed designs
and a warm brown glaze ; three chrysanthemums and leaves.
Diam. 3^ in. 1263.

CntcuLAB Box AND CovEB. Glazcd Japanese pottery. The
inside pale yellow and slightly crackled; the outside purple with
engraved floral scrolls gilt; on the top the character, Ju^
" Longevity." Mark, stamped in an oval, Riyo-zeuy the maker's
name. Diam. «i in. [PI. XVI. 213.] * 1264.

Ikcense Bubneb. Japanese stoneware, covered with a purple
glaze. It has three small feet, and the body is divided into six
lobes. Mark, stamped in an oval, Riyo-zeny the maker's name.
H. 3i in. [PI. XVI. 213.] 1265.

Basin. Japanese potteir, covered with purple glaze; outside
ornaments in low reliei. Perhaps Kishiu ware. Diam. 6| in.

1266.

Paib of Bottles. Japanese pottery, covered with a brick red
glaze, over which is an imperfect network in white. Mark,
impressed, Shio saiy ** The pine-tree study." H. 6i in. [Fl.
XVI. 214.]. 1267.

Peach-shaped Sauceb. Red Japanese pottery, covered with a
semi-transparent glaze. Mark, stamped, Kagura. L. 7f in.
[PL XVIII. 251.] 1268.

Box, in the form of a bivalve shell, resting on three small feet ;
yellow glazed Japanese pottery ; on the top two crustaceann in
gold lacquer. Mark, stamped, jKa^t/ra. W. 6J^ in. [PL XVIH.
251.] 1269.

Tea BowTv. Brown Japanese stoneware, covered with a dark
brown glaze ; on one side a spray of grass. Mark, stamped,
RahUy " Enjoyment." Baku ware, made at Ki6to. H. 2| in.,
diam. 5 in. [PL XVIII. 253.] 1270.

Conical Weight, in the form of a jewel {tamo), Japanese pottery,
covered with a black glaze and sprinkled with gold. Mark,
stamped, RakUy " Enjoyment." Baku ware, made at Ki6to.
Diam. 3i in. 1271.

CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 179

Tea. Bowl. Brown Japanese stoneware, coated with a dark
brown glaze and with two yellow patches, one in the form of a
flower; the body horizontally ribbed. Mark, stamped, Baku,
" Enjoyment." H. 3| in., diam. 3i in. Baku ware, made at
Kidto. [PL XVIII. 254.] ^ 1272.

Tea Bowl, rudely made. Red Japanese pottery, covered with a
semi-transparent glaze ; on one side a string of circles impressed.
Mark, stamped, Baku, " Enjoyment." Bakn ware, made at
Kidto. H. 4 in., diam. 3f in. [PL XVIII. 254.] 1273.

Tea Bowl. Pale gi*ey Japanese stoneware, partially covered with
a black glaze. Two stamped marks ; one of them Sei-nei^ name
of maker, the other Baku, " Enjoyment." Baku ware, made at
Kidto. H. 3 in., diam. 4^ in. [PL XVIII. 255.] 1274.

QuADBANOULAB Cup, wlth indented edges. Coarse Japanese
pottery, green glazed. Mark, stamped, Baku, " Enjoyment."
Baku ware, made at Ki6to. H. 2| in., diam. 4^ in. [Compare
PL XVin. 253.] 1275.

Saugeb. Japanese stoneware. In the centre is the chrysanthe-
mum, the imperial badge of Japan ; the rest of the surface is
covered with a mottled green and red glaze. Probably Baku
ware, made at Kioto. Diam. 4^ in. 1276.

Vase, in the form of leaves tied together. Japanese pottery,
covered with a deep green glaze. Mark, stamped, Baku, '* En-
joyment." Baku ware, made at Ki6to. H. 7J in. [PL XVIII.
252.] 1277.

LozENOE-SHAPED Trat, On three small feet. Japanese pottery ;
the inside covered with a grey glaze, crackled; the sides formed
by figures of storks with extended wings, glazed green. Mark,
stamped, Bakuj " Enjoyment." Baku 'ware, made at Ki6to.
L. 4in. [PL XVIII. 253.] ' 1278.

Dish, in the form of a Venus' ear (Haliotis) shelL Japanese pot-
tery ; the outside glazed yd low ; inside white, crackled, and
painted in black, with a pnmas stump and flowers. Marks^
stamped, Baku, ^ Enjoyment," and Buu'ki, the maker's name.
Baku ware, mad« at Kidto. L. 9^ in. [PL XVI. 215.] 1279.

Teapot and Set of Five Cups. Japanese imitation of pottery
in paper, representing brown ware, with a coarse black and red
glaze. Mark, stamped. Set, maker's name. The cups in the
original chip-box. 1280.

Tea Bowl. Brown Japanese pottery, partially covered with
black glaze ; at the sides is a row of indentations, across which
is passed a white line in relief. H. 2| in., diam. 4^ in. 1281.

Basin. Japanese stoneware, corered with a streaky brown glaze.
Mark, stamped, Shun-teiy the maker's name. Said to be Ki6to
ware. Diam. 6 in. [PI. XVI. 216.] l281o.

180 CLA68 Vlll. — JAPANESE POTTERY.

Figure of a fantastic lion. Japanese stoneware, covered with a
greyish green glaze. Kioto ware (?). H. 8^ in. 1282.

FiGUBE OF A Minstrel {MoTizai), in the character Jebis.
Japanese stoneware, covered with a grey glaze ; he is repre-
sented with akuge's«cap and dress, on which is repeated an
armorial badge, his left arm extended, and in his right hand a
fan. Mark, impressed, Shun-yetsu^ the maker's name. H. 6f in.
[PL XVI. 217.] 1283.

Incense Box, in the form of a hollow pear. Grey glazed Japanese

, stoneware. Inside are two figures playing at go, Mark, stamped

in an oval Masa-ki, the maker's name. H. 2 in. [PL XVI.

218.] 1284.

Incense Box, in the shape of a fan. Grey glazed Japanese stone-
ware, with six seated figures of poets in relief on the cpver^ the
Bok-ka-sen of the Mikado's court. Made by Masaki Soraku of
Ki6to. L. 2^ in. 1285.

Ornament, in the form of a screen, on which is in rehef a coiled
dragon among the waves of the sea. Japanese pottery covered
with a yellowish glaze. On the back is a panel with an inscrip-
tion. Mark, stamped, Boku-ko, the maker's name, and scratched
i#^«t«A«, "acopy." H. 2 in. [PL XVI. 219.] 1286.

Teapot. Fine Japanese pottery, made of grey pipe clay, much
blackened by use. Mark on handle, stamped, Giyohu-teii maker's
name. Old Ki6to ware. H. 3 in. 1287.

Box for powdered tea. Fine Japanese pottery, made of pale
grey pipe clay, with two black patches, and three white
chrysanthemums in high relief, inside gilt. Ivory cover.
On the bottom is engraved, Kokiurenri Ho-raku-an tsukuru,
" Made by Horakuan, living in retirement." Kioto ware.
H. 3 J in. , 1288.

Cup, in the form of a haliotis shell. Yellow glazed Japanese
pottery, slightly crackled. The outside coloured brown to imi-
tate the shell ; the inside painted with seaweeds and shells. In
the original lacquered box, with inscriptions in gold, signifying,
** Wine cup in the form of an Awabi (Haliotis) shell given
by the priest-prince Ho-shin-no, of the Shoh-ren-in temple, to
Ikken-no-bo, of the Rok-kaku temple." Both these temples
ai'e at Kidto. L. 6 in. 1289.

Teapot (or rather sauce-pot), with an arched metal handle.
Japanese pottery covered with a deep blue glaze. On the
upper part are engraved branches. Said to be Kioto ware.
L. 4fin. 1290.

Tea Bowl. Japanese stoneware. On the inside and on the
lower part have been inserted fragments of quartz, partially
fused by a pale coffee coloured glaze. Mark, incised, JVinset,
maker's name. Kioto ware. With it is one of the bamboo
whisks used in preparing powdered tea. Diam. 4| in. 1291.

CLASS VIII. — JAPANESE POTTERY. 181

Cylindrical Tea Box. Japanese pottery. Inside, a bluish
green glaze ; outside, grey, crackled, with ornaments like
branches of fir, in brown, green, and blue. Mark^ stamped,
Nhiseiy maker's name. Ki6to ware. H. 3 in., diam. 24 itb.
[PI. X VI. 220.] 1292.

Box, in the form of a duck. Pale yellow Japanese pottery,
painted in colours, with gilding. Mark, stamped, Ninsei, th^
maker's name. Ki6toware. L. 3 in. [PI. XVI. 220.] 1293,

Tea Bowl. Pale buff Japanese pottery, partially glazed and
painted in colours, with gilding ; on the outside sixty-two
Japanese figures ; the foot rim has a nick cut in it. Mark,
stamped within an oval, Ninseiy the maker' name. Ki6to ware.
H. 3 in., diam. 4 in. [Comp. PI. XVI. 220.] 1294.

•

Tea Bowl. Pale buff Japanese pottery, partially glazed and
painted in colours^ with gilding; on the outside seventeen
mythological figures ; the rim of the foot has a nick cut in it.
Mark, stamped, Ninseiy the maker's name. Kioto ware. II.
3^ in., diam. 4^ in. [PI. XVI. 220.] 1295.

Fan-shaped Box. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, painted in
brown, with gilding ; on the cover a flower. Mark, stamped,
Ninsei, the maker's name. Ki6to ware. W. 3^ in. [PI. XVI.
220.] ' 1296.

Box, in the foim of a fan. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery,
slightly crackled, painted in colours, Avith gilding. Diapers
^and dancing figures. Mark, stamped, Ninsei, maker's name.
Ki6to ware. L. 3^ in. [PI. XVI. 220.] 1297.

Globular Box, in the form of a silken ball. Yellow glazed.
Japanese pottery ; the silk is represented red, green, and gold.
Mark, stamped, Ninsei^ maker's name. Ki6to ware. Diam.
6| in. [PL XVI. 220.] 1298.

Ball. Grey Japanese stoneware, slightly crackled. It is made
in imitation of a ball, covered with geometrically arranged
bands of red, green, and blue silks, with gilding. Mark,
stamped, Ninsei, maker's name. Kioto ware. Diam. 3^ in.
[PI. XVI. 220.] ' 1299.

Tea Bowl. Brown Japanese pottery, covered with a pale glaze ;
on the outside three medallions, enclosing landscapes in colours
and gilding, the rest of the surface washed over with a dull
green colour. In the foot rim a nick. Mark, stamped, Ninsei^
maker's name. Ki6to ware. H. 3 in., diam. A\ in. [PI. XVI.
220.] 1300.

Flat Box, of irregular shape. Grey Japanese stoneware,
crackled. On the lid are a kuge or courtier's cap and two fans,
in relief, coloured blue aud brown. Mark, stamped, Ninseif
maker's name. Kidto ware. L. 4 in. [PL XVI. 220.] 1301.

188 GLASS VIII.--JAJPANBSE POTTBRT.

Ctlindbical Jab and Cover, in imitation of a wooden bucket.
Japanese pottery, covered with a light brown glaze. On the
Bide an inscription written by Riyo-sai at the age of eighty, in
the period Gen-roku, 1688-1704. Kidto ware. H.3i in. 1302.

Tea Bowl. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, crackled, and coarsely
painted in colours, with two birds amcmg waterplants. Mark,
stamped O-ike^ the nanie of a street in Kioto, running east
and west. Ki6to ware. H. 3 in., diam. 4J in. [PI. XVI. 221.]

1303.

Canister. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, painted in colours.
Large flowers of a creeper, the green leaves of which are relieved
by a black ground. Mark, stamped in a square, in the seal
character, Kan, part of the name Eanzan. fei&to ware. H.
Zi in. 1304.

•

Sauoeb Dish. Japanese pottery, of irregular make ; the fiur&oe
covered with a rough crackled glaze^ with one or two patches
coloured green ; on it is slightly sketched the figure of a
peasant. Mark, stamped in the seal character, Kan'Stafij
maker's name. Kidto ware. Diam. 6^ in. [Pi. XYI. 222.]

1305.

Tea Bowl. Grey glazed Japanese pottery, painted with a branch
of the pjum tree, and an inscription, being a verse in reference to
the plum, written by Hin-an. Mark, in brown, in large cha-
racters, Ken-zauy maker's name. Diam. 4| in. [Compare
PL XVI. 223.] 1306.

Square Bowl. Pale brown Japanese stoneware, glazed and
coarsely painted on the outside with the cherry blossom, in
brown and white. Mark, in brown on an oblong white panel,
Ken-zan, maker's name. Ki6to ware. H. 3 ia., diam% 44 in.
[PL XVI. 223.] 1307.

FlBEHOLDSB. Japanese stoneware; the ontside painted white,
with a coarse floral scroll, in brown. Mark, in lm>wn, in large
characters, Ken-zan^ maker's name. Diam. 44 in. [Compare
PL XVI. 223,] 1308.

Bowl. Japanese pottery, with flowers outlined in low relief
and filled in with yellow and green glazes ; the ^ound purple,
and the inside blue. Mark, in brown on a white oval panel,
Ken-zan, maker's name. Kidto ware. H. 3 in., diam. 5 in.
[Compare PL XVI. 223.] i«)d.

Water Vessel, with cover. White glazed Japanese pottery
painted in colours. Hound the globular body are scrolls witi^
flowers coars^y painted. Marks, on the bottom Ken-zan, the
maker's name, with the words San dai, "third generation^" *nd
Bun-sei nen set. "Made in the period Bun-sei," 1818-1830.
The date is repeated on the cover. Kidto waa^e. H. 5 in.,
diam. 8 in, [Compare PL XVI. 223.] 1310.

Hie fonft of this vessel is taken from Bast ^dian pottery, speeiitteiis of
wkieh are to be loand in Japan.. -*

CLASS VIII. — ^JAPANESE POTTBRT. 183

Box AND CoYEB, somewhat in the form of an artichoke. Yellow
Japanese pottery, ornamented with green, yellow, and purple
glazes. Mark, in Japanese, stamps, Kiyo-nddsu Gu'Sai. '^Gusai
in Kiyomidsu/' a factory to the east of Ki6to. Diam. 5f in.
[PI. XVI. 224.] 1311.

Incense Burner, of globular form, with foot and pierced cover.
Pale buff Japanese pottery; the ornaments copied from Chinese,
being raised outlines jBlled with various coloured glazes ; on the
body three medallions enclosing green dragons on a yellow
ground ; on the foot three symbols with scrolls. Mark, stamped,
Vei-raku, Made by the Yei-raku family in Ki6to. H. 3^ in,
[PLXVL226.] 1312,

Bowl. Japanese pottery, covered with a light grey glaze, crackled ;
on the outside three irregular panels with a diaper pattern in
different colours ; ground gilt. All this decoration is impressed
with crossing lines to give the appearance of brocade. Bottom
bluish green. Mark, stamped, Vei-raku. Made by the Yeiraku
family in Ki6to. H. 2f in., diam. 4^ in. [PI. XVI. 225.']

1313.

Vessel, in the form of the mining hammer of Daikoku, the god
of Riches ; pale yellow glazed Japanese pottery coarsely deco-
rated in colours with gilding and silver; on one side the sacred
tortoise and a stork ; on the other two figures ; on one end the
seal character, Fuku, " Happiness," on the other Ju, " Lon-
gevity." Mark, stamped, Vei-raku, maker's name. Ki6to
ware. L. 5| in. [Compare PI. XVI. 226.] 1314.

Box, in the form of an egg. Pale glazed Japanese pottery ; on
the cover the figure of a cock. Mark, impressed, Dohachi, the
maker's name. Ki6to ware. H. 2^ in. 1316.

Dish, with wavy edge. White Japanese pottery painted in
colours. A lilac dragon with four claws among blue clouds on
a yellow ground. Mark, in black, Dohachiy maker's name*
Ki6to ware. Diam. 7 in. 1316.

Box, in the form of a ttu fish. Red Japanese pottery covered with
a semi*tiiansparent glase. Mark^ stamped in an oval, Dohachi^
the maker's name. Kidto ware. L. 8 in. 1317.

Tea Bowl. Grey glaced Japanese pottery, crackled ; on the out-
side branches of flowers in slight relief and painted. Mark,
stamped, Dokachif the maker's name. Kidto ware. Diam. 4^ in.,
H. 2\ in. 1318.

Vessel, in form of a peach. Japanese pottery painted in the

natural colours of the fruit and leaves ; the apex of the fruit

forms the spout and there is a hole above. Mark acratched,

OtsU'chiu mo'shung ITo-zan horu kore. *^ In the second year

of the cycle, early spring, Hozan carved this." And two

stamps, Tai-hei^ *^ Peace," and Hb-zan^ maker's name. Ki6to

ware. L. 5^ in. [PI. XVI. 227.] 1319.

The family of Hozan has been long settled at Awata, near Ki6to, the
present maker is Hozan Buazo.

184 CLASS viii. — Japanese pottery.

Jar. Japanese pottery, covered with a green glaze. The outside
decorated with plaited bands in low relief. Mark, stamped
Ho-zauy maker's name. Ei6to ware. H. 13 in. [PL XYI. 228.]

1320.

CxLiNDRiCAL Box, in three stages. Yellow glazed Japanese
pottery. The inside crackled, the outside coloured on the sides
of a bluish green, and ornamented with running scrolls in low
relief. On the cover three open fans painted with landscapes.
Mark, stamped, Ho-zan^ maker's name. Eidto ware. H. 8^ in.,
diam. 7 m. [PI. XVI. 228.] 132L

Ctlindrical Saki Yessi^l. Pale Japanese pottery, crackled. On
it is painted, in blue and green, with gilt outlines, the moon rising
from the waves of the sea dashing against rocks. Mark, stamped,
Ho'Zafij the maker's name. Ki6to ware. H. 6^ in., diam. 3^ in.
[Compare PI. XVI. 228.] 1322.

Tea Bowl. Buff coloured Japanese pottery, with a grey crackle
glaze ; on it is a branch of fir and a prunus tree in green and
blue enamel with gilding. Probably made by Hozan. Kioto
ware. Diam. 5 in. 1323.

Square Box. White glazed Japanese pottery, roughly painted in
green, black, and white, with representations of trees covered
with snow, Mark, in brown on a white panel, Sei-fu, maker's
name. Ki6to wai'e. W. 5^ in. 1324.

The SeiAi family of Kiyomidsu, near Ki6to, make both potteiy and por-
celain ; the present maker is Seifa Yoheie.

Ornament for holding flowers in the form of a plant in openwork.
Japanese pottery, painted in colours and picked out with gilding ;
inside are characters. Mark, scratched, Sei-fu tsukuru. " Made
by Sei-fu." Kioto ware. H. 9i in. 1325.

Teapot. Grey Japanese stoneware ; the sides ornamented with
panels enclosing figures in relief; a border round the niouth ;
the rest covered with a thick deep blue glaze. L. 5 in. 1326.

Set of Ten Diminutive Plates. Pale yellow glazed Japanese
pottery, painted in colours with a different subject in each,
chiefly scenes from popular life. Mark, stamped, Iwa-kura-zan,
maker's name. Ki6to ware. Diam. 4J in. [PL XVII. 229.]

1327.

Iwakurazan Kichibeje is one of the potters at Awata, near Ki6to, who
removed there from Mizoro. He may have taken his name from
Iwaknra to the north-east of Ki6to.

Tea Bowl. White Japanese pottery, the inside, and a broad
band on the outside, coated with a thick brown glaze, somewhat
streaky ; round the outer rim a band of quatrefoils in red, green,
and gold. Mark, stamped, Iwa-kura-zany the maker's name.
Kioto ware. H. 2^ in., diam, 4 in. [PI. XVII. 229.] 1 328.

GLAi<(S VIlI. — JAPAKlfeSE POTTEtlY. 185

Tea Bowl. Brown Japanese stoneware, partially covered with
a dark brown streaky glaze. Several chips and imperfections
have been filled in with gold lacquer, &c., on which are repre-
sented the waves of the sea. H. 2| in., diam. 4f in. 1329.

Sent from Japan as a specimen of Chinese Namako ware, which, from its
weight and the nature of its glaze, it resembles. The form, however,
is Japanese.

Boat-shaped Teapot, without a spout, but the bow of the boat
pierced with small holes. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery,
slightly crackled and painted in colours with gilding with
branches of flowers. Mark, stamped, Kin-ung ke?i, name of a
house. Ki6toware. L. 5 in. [PI. XVII. 230.] 1330.

Large Cup. Japanese pottery. The inside crackled and with
ornaments in blue ; the outside coated with dark brown and
painted in an unusual style, with three seated figures and three
monsters, divided from each other by a large leaf-like scroll in
yellow. Ki6to ware, made by Kinkozan. Diam. 4^ in. 1331.

Two similar bovrls in the collection of Capt. Parish, R.N., have an
unpressed mark of the maker, Kinkozan.

Tea Bowl. Pale Japanese pottery, covered with a bronze
coloured glaze. Mark, stamped, Kin-ho'Zany the maker's name.
Ki6to ware. Diam. 4| in. [PI. XVII. 231,] 1332.

Tea Bowl. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, with coloured
ornaments in low relief ; inside a wasp's nest and two wasps ;
outside a three-clawed dragon. Mark, impressed, Kin-ko-zan,
the maker's name. Ki6to ware. Diam. 4 in. [Compare PL
XVII. 231.] 1333.

Incense Burner, in the form of a monstrous lion. Japanese
glazed pottery, crackled ; pale grey with brown patches on
which the hair is outlined in gold. H. 6^ in. 1334.

Bowl, in the form of a nelumbium leaf. Japanese pottery, with
patches of white, grey, and green glaze. The veins of the leaf
are represented, and a bud is lying across it. Mark, in brown,
Raku'han tsukuru, ^* Made by Eakuhan." Diam. 6f in. 1335.

Tea Bowl. Red Japanese pottery, partly covered with a dark
grey glaze, on which are traced inscriptions in white, and a vase
with seal characters. Mark, stamped, Shi-gen, maker's name.
Diam. 6 in. [PI. XVII. 232.] 1336.

DzMmuTiVE Box, in the form of the bud of the nelumbium, of
which the leaf forms the base. White glazed Japanese pottery.
Within the cover is inscribed, Kan-shin saku. "Made by
Kanshin." H. 2J in. 1337.

Cylindrical Cup. White Japanese stoneware, painted in
colours with gilding ia a sketchy manner, with a duck and grass.
Mark, stamped Maknzu, that is Makuzu-gahara, a place in
Ki6to. H. 3f in., diam. 3^ in. [PI. XVII. 233.] 1338.

\

186 CLASS Vm.— JAPANESE POTTERY.

Incense Bubneb^ in the form of a man grinding tea. Japanese
pottery; the flesh of the figure is left dull and coloured to
nature ; the draperj glased and painted with flowers in faint
colours ; the mill forms a small box to contain incense, and has
a cover. Kioto ware. H. 8^ in. 1339.

GouBD-SHAPED BoTTLE. Gray Japanese pottery partie^ly covered
with a brown glaze, on which are represented in gold six
monkeys ; some of the details coarsely enamelled in green and
red. Probably Ki6to ware. H. 3f in. 1340.

Bottle, in the shape of the fruit of the egg plant. Japanese
pottery, covered with a dark brown streaky glase. H. 8 in«

1341.

Bottle-shaped Vase, with two handles and loose rings. Ja-
panese stoneware. The greater portion of the exterior unglazed
and enamelled with growing plants, a bird, &c. ; round the
neck a band of diapers in colours and gold. J!iiark, stamped in
an oval, Seishi, maker's name. Ki6to ware. H. 8 in. [PL
XVII. 234.] 1342.

Teapot, flattened at the sides. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery,
painted in colours with gilding ; Ave panels of various forms,
shape of fans, &c., on which are silkworms and flowers. Under
the handle is inscribed, Yoshida Hosai fade. " The seal of
Yoshida Hosai.'' Ki6to ware. H. 5 in., L. jS-^ in. 1343.

Incense Bubner, in the form of a kuge or courtier's cap. Fine
Japanese pottery, painted in brown with gilding ; the smoke
escapes by two pierced openings in the upper part. Mark,
incised, Aka-shiy name of a place in the province of Harima.
U. 6 in. [PI. XVII. 235.] 1344.

Plate. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, with the Kiku-mon or
chrysanthemum badge of Japan, outlined in brown. Said to be
Nabeshima ware. Diam. 5j in. 1345.

Dish, in the form of a peach. Grey Japanese stoneware, rough
and unglazed ; a stalk and leaves in relief slightly coloured.
Said to be Nabeshima ware. Diam. 6^ in, 1346.

Jab. Yellow Japanese pottery, covered wi^ a pale green glaze ;
on one side are represented in relief a cock and a hen on a drum,
all in natural colours, with lacquer work on the drum. Said to
be old Kishiu ware. H. 6^ in. 1347.

Grotesque FiauBE, seated on a tortoise. Japanese pottery,
covered with a brown glaze. ]^iark, stamped, (ran, part of
a maker's name. Probably Ohi ware. H. 5^ in., L. 12 in.
[PL XVII. 236.] 1848.

Figure of a Sagsed Tortoise, with three tama or jewels on his
back. Brown Japanese earthenware, with the jewels enamelled
white. Mai'k, stamped, Sei'jiy the maker's name* L. 5f in.

1349.

CL488 VIII. — JAPANBSK POTTKKY. 187

Pair of Gups jlnd Coybss. Grey Japanese atoneware, coarsely
painted in colours with trunks and' branches of trees. Mark,
in brown, Inu^yama, name of the factory. Diam. 4 in. [PL
XVII. 237.] 1360.

This factory is at the village of Inaki, county of Niwa, province of Owari,
but it is not known when it was founded. Both pottery and porcelain
were made there.

Two QuADRAi^QULAB Canistbbs. Glazod Japanese pottery, with
designs in low relief; panels with flowers. One of the canisters,
covered with a brown glaze, has an ivory lid; the other,
covered with a turquoise glaze, a white earthenware lid.
Kishiu ware. H. 2^ in« 1351.

Pais of DiMmunYB Tjcapots. Fine red Japanese stoneware ;
on the bottom is impressed a dragon, within the Uds Sui^hei^
probably the maker's name ; on the sides of the lids, Ko^hioku,
*' Tax office," and on the handles, Kin'yei^ a name. L. 3f in.

13fi2.

Basin. Pale red Japanese pottery, covered with a granulated
chocolate coloured glaze, imitating leather. Mark, incised,
NikkOy the name of a place near Tokio, Diam. 5^ in. [PI.
XVII. 238.] 1353.

Small Flowee Pot. Pale grey Japanese stoneware, partially
covered with a pale yellow glaze, with hexagonal ornaments and
storks in brown. Mark, impressed, Shu-zan^ the maker's name.
H. 2i in. [PI. XVII. 239.] 1354.

Upbight Teapot. White glazed Japanese stoneware ; on one side
are inscribed two verses. H. 6j^ in. 1355.

Teapot, of a trefoil shape. Grey Japanese stoneware, with orna-
ments in white slip, and at the back an inscription, Nani-wa
cha-mise Matsu^na-o. ^'Tbe Matsu^^no-o (Old fir tree) tea
house at Nani-wa." Naniwa is the old name for Osaka, Handle
of vegetable fibre bound with wire. H. 7 in., L. 8 in. 1356,

Basket-shaped Vessel. Grey glazed Japanese stoneware;
inside is a view of Fusi-yama, painted in black and white with
the artist's seal in red, Kio^taru no ing, '< The seal of Kiotaru."
Mark, stamped, So^bai teif the name of the house. L. 8 in.
[PI. XVII. 240.] 1357.

Water Vessel for a writing apparatus. Glazed Japanese
pottery, coloured and representing a hod, convolvulus flowers,
and a butterfly. Mark, stamped in a hexagon, Zen^ the beginning
of the maker's name. L. 3^ in. [PI. XVn. 241.] 1358.

Peach-shaped That. Japanese pottery, covered with a fine
yellow glaze ; two leaves coloured green. Fujina ware, made
at Madzu-ye, province of Idsumo. L. 3^ in. 1359.

Tea Box, Fine white Japanese pottery, with a smooth yellow
glaze. Fujina ware, made at Madsu-ye, province of Idsumo.
H. 2| in. 1360.

188 GLASS VIII. — ^JAPANBSS POXTEBT.

Cylindrical Saki Pot. bellow glazed Japanese pottery,
with a patch of green towards the upper part. On one side is
drawn in outline a gourd plant and an inscription, Gensho sai
Ho^in gen, '^ The seal of the Ho-in (Buddhist priest) of the
Gren-sho house," perhaps used bj the priest instead of his own
name. Overarching wicker handle. Fujina ware made at
Madsu-je, province of Idsumo. H. 6 in. 1361.

Tea Bowl. Rude Japanese pottery, grey with patches of red,
so as to imitate the partial firing of early pieces. Mark, stamped
at the side, in the seal character, Ho-raku, the name of a
factory near Nagoya, province of Owari. H. 3^ in., diam. 4| in.
[PI. XVIII. 256.1 1362.

Tea Bowl. Grrey glazed Japanese stoneware, crackled, and
slightly iridescent ; on one side is painted a red fish ( Tat) ; on
the other is engraved in outline and gilt a fishing rod and fish
basket; the rim of the foot has two nicks cut in it. Mark,
stamped JTo^rakUy name of a factory near Nagoya, province of
Owari. H. 3| in., diam. 4^ in. [PI. XVIII. 256.] 1363.

Chabcoal Bubner. Pale Japanese pottery, covered with a green-
ish yellow glaze ; one half of the top is covered with openwork
representing a dragon and a fish ; a Mil round the edge similar to
European pottery. On the bottom is engraved an inscription
to the following effect : — '* Copied by Toyosuke in private after
the style of a barbarous country at the desire of K'wa-giu."
Toyosuke founded in 1820 the Horaku fabric near Nagoya, pro-
vince of Owari. Diam. 5| in. 1364.

Basin. Red Japanese pottery, covered with a semi-transparent
glaze; the outside is ornamented with Japanese writing in
black, written in a very iiTCgular manner. Mark, stamped,
Go-raku yen sei, " Made at the Go-raku house." Said to be
out of the palace of the Prince of Mito. H. 5 in., diam. 7 in.
[PI. XVIII. 257.] 1365.

Jab. Japanese pottery, covered with a salmon-coloured glaze.
Round the body parallel bands of green and red lines, over these
two white panels; on one of them the characters, Cho^aku,
" Long enjoynient," surrounded by birds and fiowers painted
in red and green, and of an European character ; on the other
a long inscription in red, being verses on spring, &c., with the
title of the work from which they are taken. Lacquer cover.
H. 6in. 1366.

Square Tboitgh. Japanese pottery, crackled, and coated with a
pale green glaze, excepting on the bottom, which is yellow ; on
various parts are large seal characters impressed and gilt. Mark,
stamped Kik^ko^ the maker's name. Raku ware, made at Osaka.
H. 4iin., W. 7 in. [PL XVII. 242.] 1367.

Squabb Vessel. Japanese pottery, covered with a bright green
glaze, crackled ; within and on the sides are large seal charac-
ters impressed and gilt, viz., Fuku, ^^ Happiness ; " Tswru,

GLASS YIII.— JAFANSS£ POTT£&Y« 189

'' Stork ;" and Kame, '' Tortoise." Mark, stamped, Kik-ko, the
maker's name. Raku ware, made at Osaka. W. 2\ Id.
[PI. XVII. 242.] 1368.

Fan-shaped Trat. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery ; the upper
part coated with white and erackled. On it two rushes partly
engraved and gilt, and partly painted. Mark, stamped, Kik-ko,
maker's name. Raku ware, made at Osaka. W. 9^ in. [PI.
XVII. 243.] 1369.

Peach-shaped Tray, on three feet. Yellow glazed Japanese
pottery, with two leaves and spots in green. Mark, Kik-ko,
maker's name. Raku ware, made at Osaka. L. 31 in.
[PI. XVII. 242.] 1370.

Circular Box, in the form of a large chrysanthemum flower.

Yellow glazed Japanese pottery • the flowers coloured white with

gi*een leaves. Mark, stamped, Ju-san ken, '^the Ju-san house."

Kaku ware, made at Osaka. Diam. 9^ in. [PI. XVII. 244.]

1371.

Similar specimens bear the marks JUiku and Kikko, and thig box
is therefore probably of the Osaka fabric.

Otal Trat, with arched handle. Glazed Japanese pottery ; one
half green, the other a bright brown, divided diagonally. Mark,
stamped, JCwan-kei, maker's name. L. 8\ in. [PI. XVII. 245.]

1372.

Ino£NSe Burner. White glazed Japanese stoneware, slightly
crackled. It is copied from bronze, and rests on three feet
formed of figures of boys, between which are lions' faces with
moveable rings ; on the cover a lion. Mark, stamped, illegible.
Said to be Satsuma ware. H. 7 in. 1373.

Tea Bowl. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, crackled and
painted in colours, with gilding; inside a diaper border ; out-
side twenty- three figure^ of Sages. H. 2\ in., diam. 4 in.

1374.

Tea Bowl. Grey glazed Japanese pottery, crackled and painted
in colours with gilding ; inside Jour mallow leaves within a
framework of gilding and a border of diaper; the outside covered
with bands and borders of rich diapers, among which are scat-
tered medallions enclosing flowers. H. 3 in., diam. 4^ in. 1375.

Tea Bowl. Grey glazed Japanese pottery, crackled and painted
in green, with a few touches of red and rich gilding ; inside a
formal border, outside bands of various patterns, alternating with
repetitions of a serrated pattern. H. 3 in., diam. 4^ in. 1376.

Tea Bowl. Pale grey Japanese pottery, crackled and elaborately
enamelled in colours with gilding ; inside a bird en a rock, and
portions of six elaborate diapers ; outside seven fans with
court subjects, and diapers similar to those within. Diam. 4 in.

1377.

190 GLASS VIII. — JAPAMBSE POTTERY.

Tea Bowl. P^e grey Japanese pottery, orackled and elabo-
rately enamelled in colourg with gilding; inside panels of
various forms, with subjects; among them the Chinese story
of Sze-ma Kwang, who as a boy rescued a playmate who had
fallen into a largo vase by breakmg a hole in the side of a vase
with a stone ; also portions of nine different diapers ; on the
outside similar decoration. Diam. 4^ in. 1378.

Ctlindbigal Tea Box. Pale yellow glazed Japanese pottery,
slightly crackled ; round the upper part a band of diaper painted
in colours, below scattered leaves in gold. With ivory lid
and with its original silk bag. Old Satsuma ware. H. 2^ in.,
diam. 3 in. 1379,

SiX'SiDED Tkay. Pale gray Japanese stoneware, ornamented
with gilding ; inside two varieties of the badge of the Toku-
gawa £unily, each four times repeated. Underneath is inscribed
in gold, Matsudaira ScUsuma no Kami^ being the title of the
prince of Satsuma. Satsuma ware. L. 7 in. 1380.

Sauceb. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, crackled, and painted
in colours with gilding ; a bird on a prunus tree and peonies.
Mark in grey illegible. Satsuma ware. Diam. 3} in. 1381.

Plate. Pale glazed Japanese pottery, slightly crackled, painted
in colours with gilding ; in the centre four sages and a boy
round a table ; border of indented pattern. Diam. 7 J in. 1382.

Dish. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, enamelled in colours
with gilding. A procession of insects escorting a spider in a
cage. Diam. 9^ in, 1383.

Vase, with narrow neck and spreading lip. Cream-coloured
Japanese pottery, crackled, and painted in colours with gilding.
On the body a rocky landscape with the waves of the sea, among
which are a lady richly dressed, a child, and three other figures ;
borders of formal patterns. Mark, impressed within a gourd,
Makuzu Ko-zan set, " Made by Kozan of Makuzu." Ota
ware. H. 12 in. [PI. XVin. 260.] 1384.

CYLINDRICAL Pot and Cover. Cream coloured Japanese pottery,
painted in colours, with rich gilding ; seventeen sacred person-
ages with attendants, &c. On the cover a dragon floating
among clouds, and the badge of the Tokugawa family in gold.
Modern Satsuma ware, painted at Tokio. H. 7 in. . 1385.

Figure of a Buddhist ascetic. Fine Japanese pottery, painted
in eoloui*s, with gilding. He is seated on a rock, and holds in
his left hand a staff, on which is part of a skull. Mark, stamped,
illegible. H. 5^ in. 1386.

Incense Vase. Japanese stoneware, partially covered with a
brown glaze. Said to be old Satsuma ware. Ivory cover ; silk
bag. H. 3f in. 1387.

CLASS IX. — SIAMESE PORCELAIN. 191

Bowl. Grej glazed Japanese stoneware, with three characters
in high relief, Ko-ka tsuchi, " Koka earth." Satsuma ware.
16th century. Diam. 4J in. 1388.

On the lid of the box containing this specimen is the following
inscription in Japanese : — " When our ancient Lord Simadu Ycshi-
hiro went to Corea with the expedition of Toyotomi Taiko [1592],
he took water of the Kiver Koka [in Corea] with him in his ship, and
in order to prevent its becoming bad, the earth was taken up from
the bottom of the river and put into the water vessel. On coming
back to Japan he ordered a potter to make five tea bowls of this
earth, of which this is one. 5th month, 15th year of Bun-kaa
(1818). Written by Soti of Iti-zi-an, of the clan of Satsuma."

Pair of Canisters, with flat covers. Grey Japanese stoneware,
covered with a brownish purple glaze, with patches of dark
brown and yellowish white. Perhaps Satsuma ware. PI. 3^ in.

1389.

Bowl. Buff-coloured Japanese pottery, crackled, and painted in
colours with rich gilding ; inside a wavy border; outside
Japanese armour, a drum, and a bell, the latter inscribed with
the date of the 9th year of the nengo Mei-ji = A.D. 1876,
Diam. 4^ in. 1390.

Square Vase and Cover. Japanese cream-coloured ware,
painted in red and blue, with gilding ; on the bottom and top is
a raised ring, surrounded by a blue band of various diapers,
inscribed : — " The longevity of the pine tree and the age of
the stork. Many happinesses.'' From these proceed six dia-
gonal flowing bands with diapers in red, and two varieties of
an armorial badge in gold. Mark, Fuku, ** Happiness." [PL XI.,
^g. 135.] H. 3iin.,^ W. 4iin.. 1391.

In Mr. Mitford's collection was a similar vase, which he describes
as having been " made at the Satsuma potteries, to commemorate
a visit of the Prince of Higo, whose armorial bearings it carries.*'

CLASS IX.— SIAMESE PORCELAIN.

Bowl and Cover. Siamese porcelain of a grey paste, painted
in colours ; on the outside of both, a broad band with two narrow
borders ; on each band, four medallions enclosing half-lengths
of divinities on a red ground ; between them, animals with
female heads, and flam^-like ornaments on a black ground.
H. 7i in., diam. 6 in. 1392.

Bowl. Siamese porcelain of a grey paste, painted in colours, the
only part of the paste left visible is under the foot ; inside, an
eightfbil surrounded by a red band on a green ground, and two
narrow borders ; outside, a broad band with two narrow borders,
on it three medallions enclosing half-lengths of divinities on
a red ground ; between them, animals with female heads, and
flame-like ornaments on a black ground. H. 3 in., diam. 5^ in.

1393.

A 167. O

192 OLA88 X.— ORIENTAL POBCBLAIN, FOREIGN DESIGNS.

Globttlab Pot and Cover. Oriental porcelain, painted in
colours in the Siamese style ; formal diaper of flowers in dark
red, blue, and greeo, with red lines, edges, and knob. H. 3^ in.,
diam. 3in. Brought from Jf^an. 1394.

CLASS X.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN WITH FOREIGN

DESIGNS.

Section A. — Plain White.

Figure on Horseback. Ivory white Chinese porcelain. It
represents an European in the dress of the 17th century, who
has held in his right hand, a sword of which the hilt only
remains. The figure is turned in the saddle, and the horse's head
is also turned ; hat lost. H. 11| in. 1395.

Figure of a Soldier, in a strange European costume. Ivory
white Chinese porcelain. Steatite pedestal. H. 6| in. 1396.

Water Vessel for an ink apparatus. Ivory white Chinese
porcelain. The vessel forms a hexagonal base and is sur-
mounted by a figure of a man, in European costume and wearing
a three-cornered hat, sitting in the attitude of Buddha ; before
him, a pot of fiowers, a stork, &c. On the pedestal, impressed
figures of the hare gazing at the moon, a nelumbium, &c.
H. 3 in. 1397.

Section B. — Painted in Blue.

Vase. Chinese porcelain, painted in blae, in imitation of Dutch
delft pottery ; on the body three cupids' heads in relief, picked
out with blue ; between them are painted flowers. H. 4^ in.

1397a.

Basin. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside, in the centre,
a kylin ; round the edge, a blue band inscribed A hollah-
DER HOLLANDER ; the outsidc divided into six compart-
ments of various sizes, being repetitions of an elephant, a
Dutchman reading, and a Dutchman walking, all in white on a
blue ground. H. 3^ in., diam. 6 J in. 1 398.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue, with a Dutch
design known as the Koekoek in het Huisje (the cuckoo in the
house), a small building on a platform with trees and plants,
above which a plant ; wreath border. Mark, the lozenge sym-
bol. Diam. 8 in. [PI. A. 4.] 1399.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ; in the centre, a shield
of arms, viz., two bars charged with three trefoils slipped, in
chief a greyhound courant. Palmer; on a inescutcheon a
chevron between three fleurs-de-lys. Inner border of a quatre-
foil diaper with five medallions, enclosing cruciform ornaments,
beyond which f\\Q flowering plants and a narrow border.
Diam. 9 in. 1400.

SECTION 0. — PAINTBD IN OOLOUBS. 193

Section C. — ^Painted in Colours.

Pair op Vases and Covers, of European form. Chinese porce-
lain, with designs outlined in blue under the glaze, and coloured
with blue and green enamel and gilt bands ; hanging festoons.
H. 11 in. 1401.

Oviform Vase. Chinese eggshell porcelain. The body decorated
with running scrolls and borders in blue under the glaze,
all picked out with gold, and leaving two panels in which are
painted in colours European subjects, closely copied from
Meissen porcelain, being landscapes with figures and water.
H. 7i in. 1402.

Punch Bowl. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gild-
ing from European designs ; inside, six figures erecting a corn-
stack ; border of purple diaper painted with flowers and butter-
flies ; outside, two large panels representing harvesting, and a
smaller panel of the harvest feast, under which is inscribed
HARVEST HOME ; in the corresponding panel is written J, C,
in cypher, felden farm, and below, the date 1779. The
spaces between are filled with a diaper in gold on a red ground,
edged with Chinese scroll-work of dragons, &c. H. 6 in.,
iiam. 14i in. 1403.

From Lord Exmouth's collection ; noticed by Mr. Chaffen as a
specimen of Lowestoft. Compare No. 625 h.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding, from
a design by Francesco Albani, and representing the element
Fire ; above is Venus in a car with lighted torches ; below,
the smithy of Vulcan, who is reclining at one side ; near him,
Jupiter forging his thunderbolts, but pierced with an arrow by
one of the numerous cupids, who are represented forging
arrows, &c. ; border, a Chinese scroll in gold. Diam. 9 in.

1404.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding, from
a design by Francesco Albajii, and representing the element
Air ; above, Juno in her car, with a rainbow, Iris, &c. ; below
is -^olus, opening a door of the caves of the winds, represented
by a cup id ; border, a Chinese scroll in gold. Diam. 9 in.

1405.

These two plates are very grotesquely painted from bad copies of the
famous pictures of the elements, painted by Francesco Albani for
the Cardinal Maurice of Savoy, and now in the gallery at Turin.
The colouring seems to have been left to the Chinese artist. The
subjects are engraved in Landon, Vies et (Euvres des Peintres,
and are fully described in letters from Albani to the cardinal,
printed in Malvasia, Felsina pittrice, tom. II., p. 235.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in blue and brown after
European designs ; in the centre, a spaniel jumping ; border of
a quatrefoil pattern interrupted by four medallions, enclosing
parrots and other birds. Diam. 9 in. 1406.

O 2

194 GLASS X. — OBIENTAL POBCELAIN, FOREIGN DESIGNS.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, pencilled in black from an European
design ; in the centre, Aurora in her ' chariot. Border, three
sprigs of flowera and a coat of arms, viz., three bars ermine, in
chief as many roundels. Diam. 9^ in. 1407.

Saucer Dish. Chinese porcelain enamelled in colours, with
gilding ; on the upper part, a circular medallion enclosing a coat
of arms with helmet and mantlings, viz., or, a fess between
six griffins' heads erased gules ; crest, a griffin erminois ;
below this, two cocks on rocks from which spring large
peonies ; the whole of this design forms a sixfoil-shaped panel,
leaving spaces filled with black diaper on a pink ground ;
border of a black diaper on a green ground, interrupted by
four medallions enclosing dragons. Diam. 8| in. 1408.

Oblong Dish, with wavy edge. Chinese porcelain, enamelled in
colours, with gilding, in a rococo style ; in the centre, the arms
of Mecklenburg under a crown, with the collars of the orders
of the Elephant of Denmark and St. Andrew of Russia;
supporters, a bull and a griffin. Two scroll-work borders, the
inner one with four peacocks. L. 11 in. 1409.

These are probably tbe arms of Christian Louis, Duke of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, 1735-1756. The collar of ^he Elephant alone appears on
his coins of 1 749, but the St. Andrew in 1 754. The service of which
this dish forms part was therefore probably made between 1750 and
1756, the date of his death.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding and
silvering ; in the centre, a large achievement of arms, two
shields, accolles, viz. : 1, vert, a tower arg. ; 2, per fess arg. and
bendy arg. and gu., a fess gu., in chief, an eagle displayed sa. ;
a helmet with mantlings surmounted by a crest, a demi-lion
rampant arg. issuing from a ducal coronet or ; supporters, two
greyhounds regardant ppr. collared or. On the border^ a lozenge
enclosing the seqond coat of the central achievemen t, two shields
with the first coat, and the arms : viz., on a bend between six
animals, three escallops ; crest, a red object between two tusks
issuing out of a ducal coronet ; on each side, a bird sable ;
between these various devices are scrolls and drapery of Euro-
pean design. Diam. 9 in. 1410.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in
the centre, water plants and birds ; inner border of diaper work
in red and gold, interrupted by four paedallions enclosing flowers
and insects ; outer border with dragons, fishes, and birds faintly
outlined in blue under the glaze ; narrow band of gold diaper
near the rim, interrupted to make room for a crest : on a tower
arg. an eagle displayed sa. holding in its claw a millrind.
Diam. 9 in. 1411.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding and
silvering ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., arg. a lion rampant,
gu. marked on Ihe breast with a star of six points or ; helmet,
mantlings, and crest, a wheel, or ; on the border, the crest
repeated, and three groups of shells, flowers^ 4&c. Diam. 8f in.

1412.

SECTION C. — PAINTED IN COLOUllS. 195

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in
the centre, a large coat of arms, viz., sa'j. three escallops in pale
arg., BisSy impaling, az. three griffins' heads erased arg. Bill ?
man t lings and crest, two snakes embowed ; motto, sis f^lix
BIS ; border of black diaper with plain or gold grounds, inter-
rupted by six medallions enclosing alternately flowers and
butterflies. Diam. 8J in. 1413.

Octagonal Soup Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours,
with gilding; in the centre the arms of the Anti-Gallican
Society ; crest, Britannia seated ; motto, st. geonge {sic)
A^ip OLD ENGLAND ; bclow, a panel with clasped hands ; two
borders in gold. Diam. 8 J in. 1414,

Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in colours, with gild-
ing ; outside, the arms of the Anti-Gallican Society, viz.,
gules, St. George on horseback, spearing the shield of France ;
crest, Britannia among flags ; supporters, a lion rampant and
a two-headed eagle ; motto, fob our country. Diam. 3 in.

1415.

Octagonal Soup Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours,
with gilding ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., or, on a chev.
engrailed f5a. between three ogresses, each charged with a martlet
of the first, a fleur-de-lys enclosed by a pair of coneys courant
incontrant, arg. Flight or Flye ; helmet, mantlings, and crest,
a hand gloved, holding a Iiawk's lure or; motto, dei tuta-
MEN tutus ; two formal borders in gilding. Diam. 9 in.

1416.

Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., gules, three wolves'
heads erased, arg., with a naked figure in chains attached to
the bottom of shield, Robertson, of Kindeace, co. Ross ; helmet
mantlings and crest, a hand supporting a royal crown, over
which the motto virtutts gloria merces ; supporters,
a serpent and an eagle ; motto, wise as the serpent.
HARMLiss {sic) AS THE DOVE ; border, of European design,
a running pattern of flowers and wreaths. Diam. 9^ in. 1417.

Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding ; in the centre, a shield of arms, viz., sa. a chevron
ermine between three bulls' heads cabossed, arg., a cinquefoil for
diff*erence, Saunders, impaling ermine on a canton gu. a bird
with raised wings or ; crest, a demi-buU sa., charged on the
shoulder with a cinquefoil or. Gilt borders. Diam. 8^ in.

1418.

Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., erm. on a chief
indented gu. three ducal coronets or. Leach or Ackworfh; im-
paling sa. on a chevron or, between three pistols ppr. three
roses gu. Hopkins ; helmet with mantlings, and crest, an arm

196 GLASS X. — ORIENTAL PORCELAIN, FOREIGN DESIGNS.

issuing out of a ducal coronet, or, grasping a snake vert. ; the
shield rests on a bracket with a garland of flowers and two
small vases, on which peacocks are perched ; on the border,
sprigs of flowers. Diam. 3| in. 1419.

Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., gyronny or and
sable, a crescent for difference, Campbell, it is attached to the
mast of the lymphad of Lome ; crest, a boar's head or ; motto,
FIT VIA VI. Border of a minute pattern in blue over the
glaze and in relief. Diam. 9^ in. 1420.

Octagonal Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding ; in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., az. on a fess cotised
or, three leopards' faces gu., Lee, of Delce, co. Kent ; crest, a
demi-maiden holding a ring ; motto, soli deo gloria. Bor-
der of floral festoons, of European pattern. Diam. 7f in. 1421.

Deep Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ;
in the centre, a coat of arms, viz., sa. three pots arg. ; crest^
an eagle displayed, issuing from a ducal coronet ; Genor or
Geriare^ co. Lincoln ; four detached sprigs of flowers. Border
of zigzags in green and gold, with the initials B. G, in cypher,
and sprigs of flowers in colours and white enamel. Diam. 6^ in.

1422.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in red ; minute pattern con-
sisting of four groups of flowers and vases ; border of butter-
flies and diapers ; in the centre is a crest, a dexter arm holding
a truncheon proper ; enclosed is a garter inscribed je le
maintiendrai, iVe^^e^^, of Lismore. Diam. 6^ in. 1423.

Part of a service made in China in 1810-1820 for General Alexander
Nesbitt, then Quartermaster-General in the island of Mauritius.

Oblong Tea-Caddy, with truncated angles. Chinese porcelain,
enamelled in colours, with gilding. On each of the long sides, a
circular medallion in blue, enclosing the letters C. S» in cypher
under a foreign coronet, with palm branches at the sides ; ground,
a diaper in brown and gold ; at the ends, the same cypher on a
turquoise shield ; the angles and cover with flowers and scrolls.
H. 4J in. 1424.

Milk Pot, from an eggshell service. Chinese porcelain, painted
in colours, with gilding ; in front, a coat of arms, apparently
Spanish ; four coats quarterly, ot which the first is or on a
bend vert, three half-roses of the first ; ensigned with a coronet
and enclosed with a cord. H. 4^ in. 1425.

Ctjp AND Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in
colours, with gilding ; on each, a coat of arms, viz., or three
flowers growing out of a field vert. ; above, a crest similar to the
arms, ensigned by a coronet ; mantlings or and gu. Gilt,
floral borders. Diam. 2J in., 4f in. 1426.

SECTION C. — PAINTED IN COLOUBS. 197

Saucer. Chinese eggshell porcelain, painted in colours, with

gilding ; a coat of arms, viz., 1 and 4, or, three bars wavy gu. ; 2

and 3, or, a lion's head erased within a tressure gu., Drummondy

impaling the royal arms, debruised by a baton sinister gu., charged

with three roses arg., Beauclerk^ helmet, mantlings, and crest, a

hawk holding in its claw a laurel wreath ; motto, yirtutem

CORONAT HONGS. Border of trefoil pattern. Diam. 4^ in.

1427.

Fart of a service made in China for John Drummond, of Stanmore,
M.P., born 1723, married, 1744, Charlotte, daughter of Lord
William Beauclerk, and died in 1774.

Cup, Saucer, and Coffee Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain,
painted in colours, with gilding, in the centre of saucer, and on
the outside of cups, a coat of arms, viz., az. three griffins passant
in pale or, Wythe^ of Norfolk ; crest, a griffin rampant or,
holding a spear on which is impaled a boar's head az. ; helmet,
mantlings, and scrolls, with flowers ; gilt border. Diam. of
saucer, o in. ; of cups, 3 in., 2\ in. 1428.

Cup, Saucer, and Coffee Cup. Chinese eggshell porcelain,
painted in colours, with gilding, in the centre of saucer, and on
the outside of cups, a coat of arms, viz., az. three griffins passant
in pale or, Wythe, of Norfolk, on an inescutcheon, quarterly :
1 and 4, arg, a heron proper issuing from rushes, on a chief
gu. three stars or, Lubbocky of Norfolk ; 2 and 3, az. a lion
rampant gardant arg., Palgrave; crest, a griffin rampant or,
holding a spear on which is impaled a boar's head az. ; helmet,
mantlings, and scrolls, with flowers; gilt border. Diam. of
saucer, 6 in.; of cups, 3 in., 2\ in. 1429.

The lady ifhose arms appear on the inescntcheon was probably a
descendant from Richard Luhbock, mayor of Norwich, as he mar-
ried Elizabedi, daughter of Thomas Palgrave ; he died in 1717, and
is boned in St. George's Colgate, Norwich, where these arms
occur.

Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in
the centre, a coat of arms, viz., az. two bars wavy erm. on a
chief or, a demi-lion rampant sa. ; crest, an ostrich arg. holding
in its beak a horseshoe or. Smith, of Hough, co. Chester ; motto,
TIEN TA FOY. Diam. 5^ in. 1430.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, with
gilding and silvering ; on each of them, a shield of arms, viz.,
arg. a chevron sa. between three torteaux, Blairy of Balthyock,
CO. Perth ; crest, a dove with its wings expanded proper ;
motto, viRTUTB TUTUS ; borders of gilt scroll-work. Diam.
3^ in., 5^ in. 1431.

Coffee Cup, from an eggshell service. Chinese porcelain,
painted in colours, with gilding ; in front, a medallion with a
bust of an European lady in the costume of the reign of Queen
Anne; border of gilt scroll-work, and detached sprigs of
flowers. H. 2iin. H32.

198 CLASS XI. — ORIENTAL PORCELAIN, &C. IN EUROPE.

Cup. Chinese porcelain ; in front, a medallion in red, enclosing a
lady and two children in European costume, probably copied
from an English print ; at the back, the letters S. A. G. in
cypher. Diam. 3^ in. 1433.

Coffee Cup. Chinese porcelain, painted in coloars, with gilding,
from an English design by Stothard ; a group of children, one
of whom is trying to catch a butterfly. Diam. 2 in. 1434.

Set op three Cylindrical Mugs, in various sizes. Chinese
porcelain, painted in colours, with gilding ; the handles are
formed of two interlacing bands ; around the upper part, a broad
border of blue diaper; in front, the arms, crest, and supporters
of Baron Vere of Hanworth, being Beauclerk quartering Vere ;
motto, YERO NIL YERius ; on cach side, a shield with mantlings,
enclosing the initials II. R. V, H. 6 in., o^ in., 4| in. 1435.

Lord Vere Beauclerk, third son of the first Duke of St. Alban's, by
the heiress of the Earls of Orford, \¥as created Lord Vere of Han-
worth in 1750, and died in 1781. He was succeeded in the title by
his son Aubrey, who became fifth Duke of St. Alban*8 in 1787.
The initials do not, howeyer, seem to suit either of the barons.

Pair op Octagonal Salt Cellars. Chinese porcelain, painted
in colours, with gilding ; in the bowls, a Portuguese or
Spanish coat of arms, viz., 1, or, three crowns gu. ; 2 and 3,
or, a tower between two lions rampant gu, ; 4, per saltire bendy
or and gu., and or inscribed AVE ma. ; on the sides, festoons of
European design upside down. L. 3^ in. 1436.

Long Octagonal Salt Cellar. Chinese porcelain, pencilled
in black ; in the bowl, Neptune in his car ; at each end, a flower-
ing branch ; on one side, a coat of arms, viz., az. a stag's head
cabossed, Mdckenzie ; motto, data eata (sic) sbcutus; on
the other side, a crest, a mountain in flames ; motto, luceo
WON URO. L. 3J in. 1437.

Long Octagonal Salt Cellar. Chinese porcelain, pencilled
in black; in the bowl, Aurora in her car; on the sides, three
flowering branches and a shield, viz., three bars erm. in chief
three roundels. L. 3^ in. 1438.

Covered Cup, with two handles, and Saucer. Chinese porce-
lain, copied from a Derby pattern ; decorated with gilt sprigs,
green wreaths, and broad borders composed of yellow bands,
with gilding. H. 6 in., diam. 3^ in., 6^ in. 1439.

CLASS XI.— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN DECORATED

IN EUROPE.

Vase. Chinese porcelain, ornamented with two large and two
small quadrangular panels, unpainted, the spaces between them
coloured blue under the glaze. H. 14 in. 1440.

This is exhibited to illustrate the state of Oriental porcelain when sent
to Europe to be decorated. The blue ^ound only has been pre-
pared, the panels left white to be painted in colours.

CLASS XI. — ORIENTAL PORCELAIN, &0. IN EUROPE. 199

Cup and Saucer. Chine«e porcelain, decorated in Europe, with
careful paintings in sepia colour ; on the cup is a castle built on the
edge of the water, before which are ships, the largest of which
is saluting with broadsides ; on the stern is a small coat of
arms, apparently a hand holding a ring, with the same device as
a crest, issuing out of two wings. On the saucer is a three-
masted ship in full sail ; in the distance, a castle and another
ship ; in one corner is scratched the same coat of arms as on
the stern of the ship ; beneath, two coats of arms also painted
in sepia, viz. : 1. Three fishes naiant in pale ; crest, a hat with
feathers. 2. A chief, over all a palm tree between three heads
and three cups; crest, a palm tree. Diam. 3 in., 5 in. 1441.

The designs resemble those executed on glass vessels by John Schaper,
of Niimberg, 1660-1675. •

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, decorated in red, with
gilding, probably at Meissen ; Chinese figures amongst scrolls
and birds, all of European design. Mark, the lozenge symbol.
Diam. 3^ in., 5\ in. [PL A. 4.] 1442.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, with bands of blue diaper
under the glaze, and a few lines moulded in relief ; over this has
been added a decoration in red and gold, probably at Meissen,
representing Chinese figures among scrolls and birds, all of
European design. Diam. 3;^^ in., 5^ in. 1443.

Cup and Saucer. Chinese porcelain, with bands of blue diaper
and patterns moulded under the glaze ; over this a decoration
has been added in colours and gilding, in Holland, in the
Japanese style, a red tiger and a prunus tree springing out of
rocks, with banded hedges. Diam. 3^ in., 5^ in. 1444.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, probably in Hol-
land, in a Japanese style ; a man holding by the reins a har-
nessed stag ; behind him, a man carrying a pot with a plant on
his back ; in front, a flowering tree growing in a square stand.
No mark, but engraved in the paste ]N=64 and a square,
being the number of the Dresden collection. Diam. 8^ in.

1445.

Plate. Chinese porcelain, painted in colours, probably in Hol-
land, in a Japanese style; a stag lodged held by a woman
standing near a table and plants. No mark, but engraved in
the paste N=63 and a square, being the number of the
Dresden collection. Diam. 9 in. 1446.

Basin. Chinese porcelain, painted with flowers in blue under the
glaze, and subsequently decorated with colours and gilding, in
Holland; inside, bunches of flowers and insects; outsidtj, plants
growing from rocks, and busts of the Prince and Princess of
Orange, inscribed Pr, Anna, Pr, IV> H. K Diam. 5 J in. 1447.

William Henry Friso (William IV.), Prince of Orange, was bom
1711 ; married in 1734 Anne, daughter of George II., and was
elected Stadholder of the Netherlands in 1747. He died in 1751.
This was probably painted shortly after the marriage.

200 GLASS XII.--* ORIENTAL POROELAIN, &C.

Coffee Cup and Saugeb. White Chinese porcelain, painted
subsequently in colours at Chelsea, with bunches of flowers,
insects^ &c. On the saucer is the original mark in blue of the
period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. (2,2,2.) Diam. 2^ in., 4J in.
[PI. JI. 15.] 1448.

Cup and Saucer and Coffee Cup. Chinese eggshell porce-
lain, decorated at Bow: On them a coat of arms, viz., erminois
three wolves' heads erased sa, Hat/es, of London ; crest, a wolf
erminois ; around, palm branches and wreaths of flowers. Diam.
3 in., 4| in., 2^ in. 1449.

CLASS XIL— ORIENTAL PORCELAIN IN COMBINA-
TION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES.

Bottle-shaped Vase. Chinese porcelain, coated with black
lacquer. On it is a landscape inlaid with pearl shell, " Lac
burgaute." H. 141 in. 1450.

Squabe Box. Japanese porcelain, covered externally with
cloisonne enamel. White storks and clouds on a bluish-green
ground. Diam. 2 in. • 1451.

This specimen has the appearance of greater age than most of its class,
and exhibits a less perfect technique.

Pair of Vases. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, crackled ; on
each side a panel with groups of flowers, painted in colours,
with gilding; the rest of the surface coated with cloisonne
enamel of a Chinese pattern, with flowers and scrolls on a
turquoise ground. Mark in red, Kin-ko-zan tsuhirUy " made
bj Kinkozan." Modern .Kioto ware. H. 4 in. [Comp. PL
XVIL 231.] 1451a.

Teapot. Thin Japanese porcelain, marbled in brown and white,
and coated externally with metal cloisons like those employed in
enamelling, some of them partially filled with coloured glazes.
Modem; probably Banko ware. L. 4| in. 1452.

Conical Cup on a spreading base with three feet. The base
painted with three phcenixes among clouds, left in white on a
blue ground; the body coated with lacquer imitating cloisonne
enamel, plants and butterflies on a black ground ; above, a brown,
border. Modern ; probably Seto ware. H. 4 in. 1453.

Teapot. Japanese porcelain, coated with lacquer of a dull black,
with shining specks; on it are flowers in gold and silver
lacquer. Mark inside lid, Kan-zan sei set, "Choice manu-
facture of Kan-zan." Kioto ware. H. 2| in. [PI. XIV. 180.]

1454.

Basin. Japanese porcelain; inside a medallion painted in blue,
enclosing a pattern formed of three flowering branches; the
outside coloured brown, and ornamented with water plants

OULSS XII.— OKIBNTAIi PORCELAIN, &C. 201

traced in gold, and two characters, said to be armorial
badges of an empress. Mark, Nippon Seto Sorai-kutsu seiy
" Made at Seto in Japan by Sorai-kutsu." H. 3 J in., diam.
6^ in. Seto ware, province of Owari. 1455.

Cup and Cover. Japanese porcelain, coated on the outside with
black lacquer, on which are two phoenixes and a sprig of flowers
in gold ; inside each are three storks painted in blue. Mark,
San'hariy the maker's name. Diam. 4 in. [Fl. XY. 193.]

1456.

Saki Bottle, octagonal. Japanese potterj, crackled and covered
externally with bright red lacquer ; on the sides, two panels
with figures in low relief; groups of saki driilkers, travellers,
&c. Mark in black, Ho-zan, the name of the maker. Kioto
ware. H. 7^ in. [PL XVII. 246.] 1457.

Shallow Bowl, with indented edge, formed of ^yQ lobes. Japan-
ese pottery ; the inside crackled and rudely painted ; the outside
coated with rich red lacquer ; scratched mark in Japanese,
Hachi-ju o Ki-raku-sai, '• The eighty year old man Kirakusai."
Modern. Diam. 6f in. 1458.

Dish in the form of a haliotis shell. Japanese pottery, glazed and
coated externally with brown lacquer. Mark stamped, Vashimay
the name of a place. L. 7 in. [PI. XVII. 247.] . 1459.

Box in the form of a duck. Glazed Japanese pottery. The out-
side apparently covered with gold foil, over which is spread a
transparent brown lacquer. Mark stamped in a circle, Ka-hin
Shi-riUy " The branch factory of the river." L. 2^ in. [PI.
XV. 191.] 1460.

Round Box and Cover. Japanese pottery, crackled; the inside
painted with a green border ; the outside coated with black and
green lacquer, ornamented with red and gilding ; a medalUon in
the centre, with two chrysanthemums, around which four leaf-
shaped panels, two enclosing a fish and two a formal flower.
Mark, stamped, in the seal character, Ho-raku, the name of
fabric. Toyosuke ware, made near Nagoya, province of
Owari. Diam. 5 in. [PI. XVII. 248.] 1461.

Small Jab and Cover, for comfits. Japanese porcelain, of a
pearly white, with three medallions in relief, made apparently
of lacquer, and gilt ; on each of them a dragon among clouds.
Seto ware. H. 3^ in. 1462.

Two Covered Cups and Saucers. Japanese eggshell porce-
lain, painted in colours, with flowers, and covered on the out-
side vnth fine basket work. Mark in red, Yamato sei, *' Made
in Yamato." Diam, 3| in., 4| in. 1463.

202 CHINESE PORCELAIN

ADDENDA.

The following specimens were acquired too late to be inserted
in their proper places in the Catalogue.

CHINESE PORCELAIN,

Cylindrical Incensk Vessel, on three small feet. Ivory white
Chinese porcelain. It has a richly carved stand and cover,
inlaid with stained ivory, and the latter surmounted by a branch
of coral H. 3| in., diam. 4 in. 1464.

This ware is much esteemed in Japan, where it is known as Shiro
K(traif which may mean " white Corean." If, therefore, No. 1485
is Corean, this may be also.

Vase, the neck of which is gathered in to imitate a bag tied with
a string. Chinese porcelain, covered with a speckled glaze,
like patinated bronze. H. 13^ in. 1465.

Cylindrical Jab, with flat top and small cover, and having two
lions' heads as handles. Chinese porcelain, with engraved
designs, covered with a light maroon glaze ; four quatrefoil
medallions, enclosing the following seal characters ; Show, Fuh,
Kwang, and Ning, "Longevity, Happiness, Strength, and
Tranquillity," between which are flowers and clouds ; below,
a formal border, and on the top stiff* floral patterns. Mark, on
the bottom and within the cover, of the period Kea-tsing,
1522-1567 (3.3). H. 1\ in. [PI. I. 10.] 1466.

Shallow Bowl. Chinese poi'celain, covered with a maroon
glaze, slightly iridescent from age. Mark of the period Kea-
tsing, 1522-1567 (3.3). Dijim. 7 in. [PI. I. 10.] 1467.

Vase, with two scroll handles ; the surface moulded to imitate
the petals of the flower of the hibiscus (Rosa Sinensis).
Chinese porcelain, covered with a lavender glaze. H. 15^ in.

1468.

Trat, in the form of a cicada {cheji), Chinese porcelain,
moulded in slight relief, and covered with an irregular brown
glaze. Mark, in an oval left white, in an ancient seal character,
Fei yiu4an chi, " Made by Fei Yiu-lan." L. 7^ in. 1469.

QuAT>RANGULAR Vase. Chinese porcelain, with ornaments in
relief, consisting of the mystical trigrams known as the Pa-
kwa, placed two on each face, with the Yang-ying between
them ; all covered with a deep blue glaze. H. 5| in. 1470.

4:HINES£ pobgelain. 203

Coffee Pot, moulded into a fantastic form of a rococo character.

Chinese porcelain, with engraved designs, glazed yellow and

purple, the rest covered with a bright green glaze. H. 9^ in.

1471.

Sent from Japan as Kochi ware, the name by which the productions
of Cochin China are known in that country.

Incense Burnek, in the form of a figure of the God of Longevity,
on a detached pedestal. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue ;
he has an elongated head, and is seated on a stag, on the head
of which he rests his right hand, while in his left he holds a
sceptre of longevity ; on his dress is a square panel enclosing
a kylin, and storks among clouds; on the pedestal. fir trees and
bamboos growing out of rocks, and waves. H. 17 in. 1472.

The box belonging to this specimen has on it an inscription stating
that it is Chinese Wan -chow ware. It is, therefore, probably made
in the district of Wan-chow foo, in the province of Che-kiang,
where a factory is said to have existed as early as the Tsin dynasty,
A. D. 265-419. See History of King-te-chin, p. 3.

Globular Jar, with large dome-shaped cover. Chinese porcelain,
painted in blue ; on the body two persons offering presents of
food to a great personage attended by fan bearers and soldiers ;
on the cover a somewhat similar scene. H. 9^ in. 1473.

Four-sided Kettle. Chinese porcelain, painted in blue; on,
each side a panel with a Chinese domestic scene; borders
above and below ; scroll work on the handles. Wooden lid,
with crystal top, and overlapping metal handles, passing
through holes left for them in the porcelain. H. 10 in. 1474.

Box, of fanciful shape. Chinese porcelain, painted ' in blue; on
the cover a five-clawed dragon, with the pearl, among clouds ;
on the sides, storks and clouds. Mark of the period Kea-tsing,
1522-1567, in a vertical line. L. 5 in. [PI. I. 10.] 1475.

Flat Dish, with narrow border. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; in the centre three fan-shaped medallions ; in one a man
kneeling with a horse, in another two deer, and in the third,
four verses; border of dentate pattern. Diam. 10| in. 1476.

Flat Dish, with narrow border. Chinese porcelain, painted in
blue ; in the centre, three men, one of them pointing to the sun,
a deer, and a stork ; above, an inscription, signifying " Three
princes point to the sun rising in the east," followed by a seal
containing the character, Fuh^ " happiness." Diam. 9| in.

1477.

Dish. Chinese porcelain, with designs executed in very slight
relief, and painted in brown and maroon under the glaze ; three
lions, with a largo ball between them, from which proceed
streamers; the ground a slate-coloured blue. Diam. 17 in.

1478.

I

IL^

204 CHINESE POBGEIJLIN»

B£AK£R-8HAP£D Yabs, of a forod copied from bronze. Chinese
porcelain, with designs executed in maroon under the glaze,
and a yellow ground; round the central portion, two Chinese
scenes; above, rocks, plants, and insects; below and within
the lip, sprigs of flowers. Mark of the period Wan-leih,
1573-1620 (3.3). H. lOj in. [PL I. 12.] 1479.

Bowl. Chinese porcelain, with engraved designs, covered
inside and out with a pale green enamel ; inside, a large
medallion, with the seal character. Show, " Longevity ;"
outside, the same character five times repeated, with a JfX^
stork and swastika, among clouds, in the spaces. Mark,
Choo Foo, " Imperial Palace." Diam. 10 J in. 1480.

The words Choo Foo literally mean **the pivot residence," the pirot on
-which everything turns, and therefore the imperial residence. As
early as the Yuen dynasty (A. D. 1260-1368), the porcelain for
the palace was inscribed with these words ; see History of King-te*
chin, p. 86. This specimen is probably not older than the reign of
Keen-lung, 1736-1795.

Square Incense Burner, made apparently out of the base of
a quadrangular jar, and mounted in bronze in Japan. Chinese
porcelain, painted in colours, with flowers growing out of rocks,
a stork, etc. ; the pierced cover oF bronze represents turtles on
rocks among waves, from which spring the mallow leaves which
form the armorial badge of the Tokugawa family, which was
that of the later Shoguns. Mark of the period Seuen-tih,
1426-1436 (2.2). H, 5 in. .width 4 in. [PI. I. 5.] 1481.

Stand for Brushes, in the form of a screen. Chinese porce-
lain, painted in colours, with gilding ; in front is a Buddhist
figure in high relief, standing on the head of a dragon ; on the
background is painted a figure of a man attended by a fan
bearer, and waves with nelumbium flowers ; on the back is re-
presented a fantastic lion, and a symbol, below which is a socket
for brushes. Probably of the Wan-leih period, 1573-1620.
H. 6 in. 1482.

Ewer, with narrow neck, flowing spout and handle. Chinese
porcelain, with ornaments in low relief or engraved ; on each
side, a panel enclosing peonies, coloured red and green ; fluted
borders in red ; the rest of the surface engraved with scrolls,
etc., and coloured bright blue. H. 13^ in. 1483.

CHIJSIESE POTTKRY.

Vase, of a shape copied from bronze, with two dragons' heads,
simulating handles. Red Chinese pottery, covered with a green
glaze, which in some places has become iridescent from age.
Probably very ancient. H. loj in. 1484.

COBBAN AND JAPANESE POROELAIN. 205

COREAN PORCELAIN.

Ikgense Vase, with two handles, in the form of dragons. Ivory
white Corean porcelain. H. 4 in. 1485.

From the collection of Mr. Ninagawa, of Tokio, who states that it is
Corean porcelain, 500 years old.

JAPANESE PORCELAIN.

GrOURD-SHAPED BoTTLE. Japanese porcelain, painted in dark
blue, on a pale blue ground, with panels of various diapers.
Silver rim round neck, and wooden stopper. H. 8^ in. I486.*

From the collection of. Mr. Nina^awa of Tokio, who states it to have
been made by Sh6tan, a native of Ise, aboat 1582, from Chinese
materials, both for the paste and glaze.

Quadrangular Vase. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue;
on the sides, seven grotesque white figures on a deep blue
ground ; borders above and below. Mark, engraved Vaki-nushi
So-sen-doy ** The potter Sosendo." H. 2| in. 1487.

Cylindrical Incense Jar, on three small feet. Japanese porce-
lain, painted in blue; two three -clawed dragons, with sacred
pearls between them. Wooden cover, with chrysanthemums in
gold, within which is inscribed in red lacquer Toku-i an Nakabay
*'Nakaba of the Tokui house." Mark, in Chinese, Ta Tsing
Keen-lung Yueh-wei nien chij " made in the Yueh-wei year of
Keen-lung, of the great Tsing dynasty." The Yueh-wei year
is the 32nd of the cycle, which in the reign of Keen-lung fell
in 1775. Probably Hirato ware, made at Mikawaji, province
ofHizen. H. 2^ in. 1488.

Deep Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside
a prunus tree, covered with flowers in bud; outside, three
large flowers ; round the foot rim a border composed of circular
symbols. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, province of
Hizen. Diam. 13 J in. 1489.

Deep Saucer Dish. Japanese porcelain, painted in blue ; inside,
a branch of the flowers of a double anemone ; outside, three
groups of circular symbols, tied with ribbon; round the foot
rim a comb pattern. Nabeshima ware, made at Okawaji, pro-
vince of Hizen. Diam. 12^ in. 1490.

Vase. Japanese porcelain, covered with ornaments outlined in
low relief, and filled in with dark yellow glaze; the ground
between them and the rest of the vase, inside and out, covered
with a bright green glaze ; on the body, four medallions, en-
closing the seal character Show, '* Longevity," between which
are formal ornaments and scrolls. Stamped mark, indistinct.
H. 17^ in. 1490a.

On the box belonging to this vase is a statement in Japanese that it
is a Kochi flower vase, which would mean Cochin Chinese. The
designs, however, so closely resemble the Japanese Kishiu wares,
{9ee No. 465a), that it will be better to consider it Japanese.

208 JAPANESE POTTERY*

JAPANESE POTTERY.

Depressed Jab, with small straight neck. Brown Japanese stone-
ware, of rude make, slightly glazed. H. 3in., diam. 3 in. 1491.

Sent from Japan as Jindai Kame, ** Era of the gods jar/' and pro-
nounced by Mr. Ninagawa, of Tokio, to be 600 years old.

Jar for powdered tea. Dark grey Japanese stoneware, covered
with a brown glaze, which extends over the edge; on the
bottom, marks called by the Japanese itoguiri* Ivory cover and
silk bag. H. 2iin. 1492.

Presented by Mr. Ninagawa, of Tokio, as made at Seto, province of
Owari, by T6jiro, about 1280, probably the second of that name.
Itoguiri is the name given in Japan to the concentric marks pro-
duced by the thread with which the base is cut off.

Pair of Goblets, bell-shaped. Grey glazed Japanese stone-
ware, with vertical brown ornaments passing into red towards
the upper ends. Ko-Karatsu ware, made near Karatsu, pro-
vince of Hizen. H. 4| in. 1493.

This factory is situated at the foot of a hill near the harbour of
Karatsu, and seems to have been founded towards the close of the
7th century on the Corean system. It is said to have produced the
first glazed ware in Japan.

Tea Bowl. Brown Japanese stoneware, covered with a sea-
green glaze ; scratched patterns both inside and out. Mended
in Japan with gold lacquer. Diam. 5i in. 1494.

Presented by Mr. Ninagawa, of Tokio, as a bowl of the shape known
as '* pearl brightness'' {Shu-ko), made at Kioto about 1630.

GouRD-SHAPED EvTER, with Straight spout and rounded handle.
Japanese pottery, with a grey glaze, over which are painted
leaves and scrolls in brown. H. 6^ in. 1495.

From the collection of Mr. Ninagawa, of Tokio, and considered by him
to have been painted by Kenzan of Ki6to, about 245 years ago.

Circular Box. Yellow glazed Japanese pottery, coarsely
painted inside and out with large prunus flowers on a green
ground. Mark in brown, Ken-zan^ the maker's name. Said
to be the first generation of the name. Ki6to ware. Diam.
7| in. [Compare PI. XVI. 223.] 1496.

Flask in the form of a Japanese drum, with a small neck and
two handles. Grey glazed Japanese pottery, painted in colours
with gilding ; on one side the design usually seen on drums ;
on the other the plum, fir, and bamboo trees. Probably made
by Hozan of Ki6to. H. 7i in. 1497.

Pair of Trats, in the form of flying storks. Japanese pottery,
moulded in slight relief and coloured green, blue and red.
Probably Ki6to ware. L. 5 in. 1498.

Cylindrical Fire Vase. Smooth grey Japanese pottery, marbled,
and polished on the surface. Mark, impressed, Hmshi-moto
San-ji-ro, the maker's name. Made at Imado, in the north part
of Tokio. H. 3i in. 1499.

207

MARKS ON ORIENTAL PORCELAIN.

Note. — ^The Plates are referred to in the Catalogue bj numerals within
square brackets. The identical specimen from which the mark engrayed has
been copied is noted in this description, but the references in the Catalogue
are to the figures which most resemble the mark, not always to the identical
one engraved. Unless otherwise specified the marks are painted in blue
under the glaze.

The mark on porcelain is an inscription or device indi-
cating the time at which the specimen was made^ or the
fabric, or workman, and it forms no part of the decoration.

In Oriental porcelain there does not appear, as far
as we know, to have been any system of placing on the
bottom a distinctive mark to indicate all the productions of
a manufactory, like the familiar cross-swords of Meissen^ or
the anchor of Chelsea. On the other hand, it has been very
usual to iuBcribe a date, which has been rarely done Z
Europe, excepting at Sevres.

CHINESE MARKS.

Before describing the marks, it may be weU to state that
Chinese writing is arranged in vertical columns from right
to left, commencing at the top of the right-hand column ;
that each character represents a word, conveying a parti-
cular sense to every Chinaman, though often pronounced
differently in various provinces. Several modes of writing
have been in use, of which the three principal now used are
the following : — 1st. The Chtian or Seal character, of which
there are many varieties ; it is so called because it is now
principally employed on seals. 2dly. The Kiai Shu or plain
character, employed for books and careful writing. 3dly.
The Tsaou Shu, " grass-text," or rapid hand, used in common
writing, and very difficult to decipher.

Of these three modes of writing, the first and second are
chiefly employed in marks. Where these marks are in the
seal character, the clearest have been selected to be engraved
in the accompanying plates ; where they are in the plain
character it has been thought better to represent them by
ordinary Chinese type, as no two specimens are written
exactly alike ; where, however, stamps have been employed,
it has been considered desirable to render them in facsimile,
as they are not subject to variation. The spelling adopted
is that of Morrison.

A 167. P

208 CHINESE MARKS.

CHINESE MARKS OF DATE.

The Cliinese have two modes of indicating a date : — 1st,
by a cycle of sixty years ; 2dly, by the Nien-hao or name
given to the reign of an emperor, or to a portion of such
reign.

1. Cyclical Dates.

The cycle of sixty years is indicated by two words, the
»first derived from the ten signs termed ^' stems," the other
from twelve others termed " branches." This mode of com-
puting time is said to have come into use under the Han
dynasty, about the commencement of the Christian era, but
it is employed by the Chinese for the whole period of
history from B.C. 2637, and the present cycle, commencing
in 1864, is reckoned as the 76th. In order to indicate a
precise date, the number of the cycle should be given ; but
on porcelain this is generally omitted, and the date has to
be fixed by the style of decoration, or other circumstances.
I have noticed only three cyclical dates on Chinese porcelain,
one of the year 1673, which is determined by the name of
the period, Kcmg-hey being also given ; and two others,
described below ; a fourth is given by M. Jacquemart, per-
haps of the year 1644. Tables of the cyclical characters may
be found in several works ; for instance, Mayers' Chinese
Reader's Manual, p. 362 ; Jacquemart and Le Blant, His-
toire de la Porcelaine, p. 159, &c. ; Hooper and Phillips',
Manual of Marks.

Plate I. fig. 1. (No. 441.) Tew Sva-chow nien ch% " Made
in the Sva-chow year again [recurring]." This is the 38th
year of the cycle.

The mark is given by M. Jacquemart, who has fixed
the right date, 1721, owing to the style of the porce-
lain, but he has not understood the force of the inscrip-
tion, as he has translated the first word " also.'' The true
significance was pointed out to me by Mr. C. W. Goodwin.
The Emperor Kang-he came to the throne in the 38th year
of the 68th cycle, A.D. 1661, and died 20th December 1722.
He therefore had reigned for a whole cycle on the recurrence
of the 38th year in 1721; an event unexampled in Chinese
history ; and it was no doubt thought so remarkable, that
the cyclical date was employed instead of the usual one, as
it had recurred " again '^ in his reign. The same mark is to
be found on a bowl in the Museum at Sfevres, which has
been very carefully decorated in Europe during the first
half of the 1 8th century.

For another cyclical mark see Plate XII. fig, 144.

MARKS OF DATE. 209

II. NiEN-HAOS.

On ascending the throne a Chinese emperor loses his
personal name and fixes on two words, termed nien-
hao, to indicate his reign, and by this title he is known
during his life, or until he chooses to alter it. After his
death he receives another title or mAao-hao by which he
is described in history, though often, especially in later
times, and among foreign nations, the nien-hdo has been
retained as his name. In ancient times the Tiien-hao was
frequently changed during the reign, on any important
event occurring. But since the accession of the Ming
dynasty in 1368 there is only one instance of such a change,
viz., in the reign of the Emperor Ying-Tsung, who having
been dethroned in 1450, and recovered power seven years
after, found it necessary to make a new nien-hao for the
latter portion of his reign. The nien-hdo is supposed to
signify the qualities of the Emperor, thus Taou-kwang, the
name assumed by Meen-ning on ascending the throne in
1821, signifies " Reason s lustre "; Kwang-hsiu, the present
emperor's name, " Inherited lustre."

in order to convey an exact date the number of the year
of any nien-hao should be inscribed, but this rarely occurs
on porcelain. The fullest date usually appearing on porcelain
consists of six characters ; the upper one on the right hand
being Ta, " great," a title conferred on most of the later
dynasties, then follows the name of the dynasty, then two
characters signifying the nien-hao, then the word nien,
" year " or " period," and finally chi, ^* made." In SQpae
cases the two first characters, indicating the dynasty, are
omitted, and the characters reduced to four. These date-
marks are written in two columns of three words, three
columns of two words, two columns of two words (where
the dynasty is omitted), or six columns of one word, when
the inscription forms a horizontal band to be read from
right to left. These different modes of arranging the cha-
racters are indicated in the Catalogue by Arabic numerals
within brackets.

The dates on the older specimens are generally written in
the plain chai*acter, but duidng the present dynasty an
angular seal character has been often employed, forming a
square ; in the seal character the name of the dynasty is
rarely omitted, excepting on very small specimens for want
of space.

As a general rule, all marks in the angular seal character
of periods anterior to the present dynasty are to be regarded
as forgeries.

P 2

210 CHIN1ESE MARKS.

It must also be observed that little reliance can be placed
on any date marks. The specimens are at any rate not
older than the dates on them, but may be much more
modern.

§ 1. Sung Dynasty.— 960-1127.

Plate 11. fig. 22 (No. 57). ' Ta Sung Kvng-te nien chi,
'* Made in the King-te period of the Great Sung [dynasty] "
A.D. 1004-1007.

This inscription is in gold on a vase which cannot
well be more ancient than the lasfc century, probably
the reign of Keen-lung, when old styles of porcelain were
frequently reproduced. In the history of the manufactory
of King-te-chin (p. 83), it is recorded that the Emperor
Chin-tsung, who founded the manufactory in his period
King-te (whence it received its name), ordered that the
four words, King-te nien chi, should be inscribed under the
foot of all vases made for the palace.

Plate I. %. 2 (No. 157). Ta Sung Yuen-fung nien chi.
" Made in the Yuen-fung period of the Great Sung [dynasty] "
A.D. 1078-1086. The bowl on which this mark occurs can
scarcely be as old, but seems copied from some archaic
design, and at any rate may be considered to represent a
specimen of this age according to a Chinaman's view.

§ 2. Ming Dynasty.— 1368-1644.

Plate I. fig. 3 (Nos. 280, 782). Hung-woo nien eld,
" Made in the period Hung-woo,'* A.D. ] 368-1 399. M. Jac-
qu6mart gives only one instance of this date.

Plate I. fig. 4 (No. 842); Plate IL fig. 23 (No. 1).
Yung-lo nien chi, " Made in the period Yung-lo," A.D. 1403-
1425. Fig. 23 is from a remarkable bowl (No. 1), one of a
pair, with an engraved inscription in an ancient seal cha-
racter; the inscription can scarcely be discerned on the
bowl exhibited, but is very distinct on its companion. These
specimens are probably of the date upon them.

Plate I. fig. 5 (No. 137, etc.) ; Plate III. fig. 24 (No. 282)
Ta Mvag Seuenr-tih nien chi, ** Made in the period Seuen-
tih of the great Ming [dynasty]/' A.D. 1426-1436. Ac-
cording to the history of King-te-chiu, the porcelain of the
period Seuen-tih raiiked first among that of the Ming
dynasty. The porcelain of this date has been frequently
imitated. The vase on which the seal characters occur (No.
282) is probably modern. This date is sometimes found
engraved in the paste, and sometimes on a square seal im-
pressed in the paste, so that the characters are in relief.

MARKS OP DATE. 211

Plate I. fig. 6 (Nos. 103-106, etc.), and fig. 7 (No. 130, etc.).
Ta Ming Ghing-hwa nien chi, ** Made in the period Ching-
hwa of the great Ming [dynasty]/' A.D. 1465-1488. We
have here two forms ; the name of the dynasty being omitted
in fig. 7. On one specimen (No. 685) the mark is impressed,
so that the characters are slightly in relief. This is a very
common mark, but probably has been more often forged
than any other. The porcelain of this period held the
second rank among the productions of the Ming dynasty.
The blue colour need not necessarily be of a very high
quality, as it is recorded that during this period the material
for the fine blue failed.

Plate I. fig. 8 (No. 39). Ta Mirig Hung-che nien ohi,
" Made in the period Hung-che of the great Ming [dynasty],*'
A.D. 1488-1506. M. Jacquemart gives only one specimen
with this date, which is yellow like that exhibited. It must
be remembered with regard to this mark that if the name
of the dynasty is omitted there is some ambiguity, as the
words Hung-^he are the same as the Japanese nengo Ko-ji,
A.D. 1655-1558.

Plate I. fig. 9 (Nos. 147a, 1476, 389). Ta Ming Ohing-
tih nien chi, " Made in the, period Ching-tih of the great
Ming [dynasty]," A.D. 1506-1522. This is not a common
mark ; the few specimens mentioned by M. Jacquemart have,
like No. 389, green dragons. It also occurs on blue and
white porcelain.

Plate I. fig. 10 (No. 40, etc.). Ta Ming Kea-Uing nien
chi, " Made in the period Kea-tsing of the great Ming
[dynasty],'' A.D. 1522-1567. On one specimen (No. 1475)
the inscription is written in a vertical line.

Plate I. fig. 11. Ta Ming Lwfig-hmg nien ohi, ** Made
in the period Lung-king of the great Ming [dynasty],'' A.D.
1567-1573. The only specimens with this date that have
been noticed, as far as I am aware, are No. 795, where the
dynasty is omitted. A specimen recently sold in Mr. Bohn's
sale, lot 242, and described as with this date, was marked
with the period Keen-Vumg (1736-1795).

Plate I. fig. 12 (No. 69, etc.). Ta Ming Wan-leih nien chi,
*' Made in the period Wan-leih of the great Ming [dynasty],"
A.D. 1573-1620. As might be expected from the length
of this reign there are numerous specimens inscribed with
this date. It is frequently to be found on Japanese por-
celain, probably not contemporary (Nos. 530, 533, etc.)

For the marks of two of the later periods of the Ming
d^asty see Plate XII. figs. 145, 146,

212 CHINESE MARKS.

3. TsiNG Dynasty.— 1644-1876.

Plate IT. fig. 1 3. Ta Taing Shun-che nien chiy " Made
ia the period Shun-che of the great Tsing [dynasty]/^
A.D. 1644-1661. This date is given by Mr. Hooper both
in the common and seal characters, but there is no speci*
men in the collection.

Plate II. fig. 14 (No. 43, etc.). Ta Taing Kcmg-he nien chi,
" Made in the period Kang-he of the great Tsing [dynasty],"
A.D. 1661-1722. During this long reign the art of making
porcelain, which had greatly suffered from the efiects of the
Tatar invasion, received much encouragement, and the
invention of numerous colours and of new varieties of fabric
are recorded in the History of King-te-chin. This date
rarely occurs in the seal character, and specimens so marked
are liable to suspicion.

Plate II. fig. 16 (No. 166, etc.), and Plate III. fig. 25 (Nos.
45, 77). Ta Tsing Yung-chi/ng nien ch% " Made in the
period Yung-ching of the great Tsing [dynasty],'* A.D.
1723-1736. The date in the seal character more rarely
occurs than that in the common character.

Plate II. fig. 16 (No. 65, etc.), and Plate III. figs. 26
(No. 48), 27 (No. 339). Ta Tdng Keen-lung nien chi,
"Made in the period Eeen-lung of the great Tsing [dy-
nasty]," A.D. 1736-1795. The reign of this emperor was
nearly as long as that of his predecessor Kang-he, and ter-
minated by his abdication^ on his reign having extended
to a whole Chinese cycle. This date occurs in the common
and seal characters, though more generally in the latter.
Sometimes it is found in four characters only, as in fig, 27.
The porcelain with this date is good and very plentiful. On
two specimens in the collection (Nos. 1018, 1.483), probably
Japanese, we find the pr^ecise year mentioned corresponding,
to 1755 and 1775.

Plate II. fig. 17 (No. 360a.), and Plate III. fig. 28 (No.
167, etc.). Kea-king nien chif ^* Made in the period K^-
king [of the great Tsmg dynasty]," AD. 1796-1821. This
date does not often occur in the common character. The
porcelain is inferior to that of the preceding reign.

Plate II. fig. 18 (No. 364), and Plate III. fig. 29 (No. 47,
etc.). Ta Tsing Taou-kwa/ng nien chi, "Made in the
period Taou-kwang of the great Tsing [dynasty]," A.D.
1821-1851.

Plate II. fig. 19 (Nos. 56, 341), and Plate III. fig. 30 (No.
367). Ta Teing Heen-fv/ag ivien chi, "Made in the

MARKS OF DATE. 213

period Heen-fung of the great Tsing [dynapsty]," A.D. 1851-
1862.

Plate II. fig. 20, and Plate III. fig. 31 (No. 368). Ta
Taing Tung-che nien chi, " Made in the period Tung-che
of the great Tsing [dynasty]," A.D. 1862-1875.

Plate II. fig. 21. Ta Tsing Kwang-shiu nien chi, '* Made
in the period Kwang-shiu of the great Tsing [dynasty],"
A.D. 1875. This is the mark of the emperor who has just
ascended the throne, and no specimen thus inscribed has
probably as yet reached Europe. It is here given in order to
complete the series of the emperors of the Tsing dynasty.

CHINESE HALL MARKS.

There has been some uncertainty as to the exact meaning
of the inscriptions on porcelain in 'which the word tang^
'' hall," is employed. Such inscriptions are not noticed in
the History of King-te-chin. In Jacquemart and Le Blant
they are given as made in the pavilion of &c. ; in Jacque-
mart (1873) as made /or the pavilion. Some Europeans
who have been at Pekin were informed that these inscrip-
tions signified that specimens so inscribed were made for
the palace, and that they indicated the pavilion for which
they were supplied. This statement may, however, have
arisen from a desire to enhance the pecuniary value of the
specimens. Chinese scholars agree that the inscription!
signify the establishments at which the specimens were
made, and this is confirmed by Dr. Bushell, who has kindly
given me the correct meaning of some of the names. This
is further supported by the name of the same hall occurring
on porcelain of very different ages, and in two instances
being accompanied by the expression "antiques," and
"imitation of antiques," which would scarcely occur on
specimens made for particular buildings.

Plate IV. fig. 32 (No. 181a). Tseu-shun mei-yuh tang chi,
*' Made at the Tseu-shun Hall " of beautiful jade (continuous
prosperity).

Plate IV. fig. 33 (Nos. 63, 351, 399). Luh-i tang. " The
Luh-i (waving bamboo) Hall."

Plate IV. fig. 34 (No. 1686,387). Shun-tih tang po-ku
chi, " Antique made at the Shuu-tih (cultivation of virtue)
Hall.''

Plate VI. fig. 35 (No. 168c). Shun-tih tang chi, "Made
at the Shun-tih (cultivation of virtue) Hall."

This mark is on specimens of different kinds and very
varied quality. The name is derived from the classics, The

214 CHINESE MARKS.

Great Learning, Ch. X., 6. It is said to be the Hall name
of a Tao-tai, or superintendent of the Imperial Porcelain
manufactory.

Plate IV. fig. 36 (No. 390a). Tsai-jwn tang ch% " Made
at the Tsai-jun (brilliant colours) HalL"

Plate IV. %. 37 (No. 148). I-yew tang chi, " Made at
the I-yew (advantage) Hall."

Plate IV. fig. 38 (No. 364a.). Ta-shu tang chi, " Made
at the Ta-shu (great tree) Hall."

Plate IV. fig. 39 (Nos, 265, 266). Ki-yuh tarig chi,
" Made at the Ki-yuh (rare jade) Hall."

Plate IV. fig. 40 (No. 168a). Lin-yuh tang chi, *' Made
at the Lin-yuh (abundant jade) Hall."

Plate IV. fig. 41 CNo. 1486). King-lien tang fang ku
chi, '' Imitations of antiques made at the King-lien
HaJl.'^ Eing-lien is another name for Sung Lien^ a dis-
tinguished scholar of the Ming dynasty. See Mayers' Chinese
Reader's Manual, p. 195.

Other hall marks are given in Plate XII. figs. 147, 148.

Other Inscribed Marks.

These generally are commendations of the porcelain:
stating that it is jade (a stone much esteemed by the
Chinese) ; or a pearl, elegant^ antique, precious, &c. Some
of these may possibly be names. Occasionally they refer
to the subject.

Plate IV. fig. 42 (Nos. 160, 184). Ki yuh pao tmg chi
chin, *' A gem among precious vessels of rare jade."

Plate IV. fig. 43 (No. 356a). Ki shih pao ting chi chin,
" A gem among precious vessels of rare stone.*' Here the
word '* precious " is written with a difierent character, and
"jade " is replaced by "stone" ; the signification is the same.

Plate V. fig. 44 (No. 391). Tsa^e chuan chi lo, " Enjoying
themselves in the waters." This mark occurs on saucers
painted with red fishes, and evidently alludes to the subject.

Plate V. fig. 45 (Nos. 267, 267a). Ki chin joo yuh,
" A gem rare as jade.'' This mark is wrongly given by
Jacquemont and by Hooper, the last word having been
misread " five."

Plate V. fig. 46 (No. 147). Wan chang shan tou,
" Scholarship lofty as the Hills and the (Jreat Bear." This
is on one of the cylindrical vessels used to contai4 writing
materials.

CHINESE MARKS. 215

Plate V. fig. 47 (No. 62). Ya wan, " An elegant rarity.''

Plate V. fig. 48 (No. 249). Ckinwan, " A precious rarity."

Plate V. fig. 49 (No. 261). Wan yuk, " Rare jade."

Plate V. fig. 50 (No. 189). Chin yuh, " Veritable jade."

Plate V. fig. 51 (Nos. 262, 263). Shun, *' Elegant/'

Plate V. fig. 52 (No. 268). Luh, " Prosperity."

Plate V. fig. 53 (No. 272a). Ring, " Exalted."

Plate V. fig. 54 (No. 262). Kwok, "National," or « Go-
vernmental."

Plate V. fig. 55 (Nos. 260, 264, 393). Yuh, " Jade."

Plate V. fig. 56 (No. 119). Chin, " A pearl " or " gem."

Plate V. fig. 57 (No. 272a). Ku, " Antique.'' This must
of coiuse mean that it is copied from an antique model.

Plate V. fig. 58 (No. 262). Shing, " Holy."
This and the eleven preceding marks occur on blue and
white porcelain, sometimes differing on pieces of the same ser-
vices, when some of them may be intended to read together.
Plate V. fig. 59 (No. 191a). Tmen, " Complete." On
blue and white of an archaic character.

Plate V. fig. 60 (No. 262). A seal character, Show,
*• Longevity."

Plate V. fig. 61 (No. 13). A mark in relief in the seal
character, very indistinct, possibly Ming, " Bright."

Plate V. fig. 62 (No. 215). In the seal character, perhaps
PaOy *' Precious," or possibly Shan Wang, on blue and white
plates.

Plate V. fig. 63 (No. 269). A seal character, indistinct.

Plate V. fig. 64 (No. 358a). A seal character, indistinct,
on bowls of nankin yellow, painted in colours.

Plate V. fig. 65 (No. 380a). A mark, very similar to one
given by Jacquemart and Le Blant as U7ie hache sacr^e.
It is stated, however, to be a symbol, Fuh, which was em-
broidered on the lower of the Emperor's sacrificial robes.
See Williams' Dictionary, p. 155. Perhaps it was used as
an equivalent for Fuh, " Happiness."

Plate V. fig. 66 (Nos. 582, 583). A square mark imitating
a seal character. On blue and white of good quality, but
made for the European market. This is the mark often found
on Worcester porcelain. Possibly the specimens on which
it occurs are Japanese.

Plate VI. fig. 67 (No. 133). A mark within a square in
the seal character. Fuh kwei Ma hi, " Fine vase for rich and
honourable [people]." On a blue and white bottle.

216 CHINESE MARKS.

Plate VI. fig. 68 (No. 93). A stamped mark with the letters
in relief / shing, *' Harmonious prosperity." On a coarse
kind of stoneware, possibly very ancient.

Plate VI. fig 69 (No. 50). A stamped mark, the lines
being sunk, in seal characters so fancifully combined as to be
unintelligible. On a singular specimen with a mottled glaze.

Plate VI. fig. 70 (No. 188). In the seal character. Jo
shin chin tsang, " Deep like a treasury of gems.'* On blue
and white. This mark also occurs in the ordinary character.
For another mark of a similar kind see No. 874.

Plate VI. fig. 71 (Nos. 64, 717, 718). Stamped in the
paste so that the letters are in relief. Koh Ming-tsiang chi,
" Made by Koh Ming-tsiang." On three specimen* of
ancient glazed ware, of which the body seems to be a dense
red stoneware, said to be as old as the Sung dynastj-.

Plate VI. fig. 72 (Nos. 3636, 909). A mark in red, in the
seal character, Ileae chuh choo-jin tsaou, *' Made by (or for)
the lord of the Heae bamboos.'' Heae is the name of a
famous valley, where Ling Lun, minister of the fabulous
Emperor Hwang Ti, cut bamboos to form musical instru-
ments.

Plate VI. fig. 73 (No. 164). In the seal character, Fa,
" Prosperous." On blue and white.

Plate VI. fig. 74 (No. 349). A mark within a circle, and
with a square in the centre, apparently to represent a
coin. Chang ming Fuh kwei, "Long life, riches, and
honour." On a specimen of a peculiar style, with decoration
in gold. The same mark occurs on a bowl of similar
decoration in a German mounting of silver gilt of the 16th
century.

Plate VI. fig. 75 (No. 163). A gourd, an emblem of
longevity, inscribed Fuh, *' Happiness." All engraved in
the paste. On blue and white.

Plate VI. fig. 76 (No. 222). A seal character, not deci-
phered.

Plate VI. fig. 77 (No. 175.) A seal character, not deci-
phered.

Plate VI. fig. 78 (No. 572). An unknown character ; on
porcelain probably made in Siam. The same mark occurs
on other specimens, and cannot therefore be accidental.

Chinese Marks in the form of Devices.
Plate VII. fig. 79 (No. 242a). A symbol, a pearl, such
as is often seen in combination with dragons. On blue and
white. See also Plate XIII. fig. 163.

. CHJl^ESE MARKS. 217

Plate VII. fig. 80 (No. 172). A symbol, a shell; on blue
and white, and green enamel, generally of good quality. It
is a well known Buddhist symbol, but may also be the
emblem of a prosperous journey.

Plate VII. fig. 81 (No. 185). A symbol (?), perhaps a
musical instrument. On blue and white.

Plate VII. figs. 82, 83, 84 (Nos. 298, 214, 210). Three
varieties of a lozenge-shaped symbol.

Plate VI . figs. 85, 86, 87 (Nos. 299, 223, 223a). Three
varieties of the fish symbol. The first of them has been
given by M. Jacquemart as *^ ime sort de bijou, saDS doute,
resemblant a un insecte artifieiel," which is also repeated by
Mr. Chaffers. There can, however, be no doubt as to its
representing two fishes. A pair of fishes is a Buddhist
symbol as well as an emblem ot domestic felicity.

Plate VII. fig. 88 (No. 402). A group of emblems : a pencil
(pi), a cake of ink {ting)^ and a sceptre of longevity, (joo-e),
symbolising the phrase pi ting joo-e, " May [things] be fixed
as you wish." On enamelled porcelain, and also on blue
and white.

Plate yil. fig. 89 (No. 327). The hare, an emblem of
longevity. The hare was sacred to the moon. The specimen
engraved is outlined with black and coloured yellow. It
also occurs in blue (PI. XIII. fig. 165), generally on ancient
specimens of good quality. In these the animal is often
left white, and surrounded with blue, probably intended
to represent q. leaf In some specimens (Nos. 359a, 861)
the animal is outlined in blue, and near the enclosing circle
is represented a crescent, which connects it still further
with the moon.

Plate VII. fig. 90 (No. 425). A pair of objects, possibly
intended for the rhinoceros horn symbol. On green enamel,
evidently old.

Plate VIII. figs. 91, 92, 93, and 94 (Nos. 384, 405, 414,
111). Four varieties of leaves, one of them with the fillets
that distinguish the symbols. These probably represent the
leaf of the ai-temisiajflra^, a plant of gdod omen. This mark
which is not uncommon, is generally found on blue and
white, or green enamel, of good quality.

Plate VIII. figs. 95, 96 (No. 186). Two specimens of
the lotus, the flower symbol, which is never accompanied
by fillets. Generally on porcelain of good quality.

Plate VIII. figs. 97, 98, 99, 100 (Nos. 297, 411,353,
383a). Four varieties of the Che plant, a hind of fungus,
employed as an emblem of longevity.

218 CHINESE MARKS.

Plate VIII. fig. 101 (No. 370). A peach and a bat,
painted in red. The peach is an emblem of longevity, and
the bat of happiness, its name having the same sound as
Fuh, "Happiness." The whole symbolises the sentence
Fuh show shwa/ng chv^Uy "A two-fold perpetuation of
happiness and longevity."

Plate IX. %. 102 (Nos. 394, 396). A four-leaved flower ;
on blue and white.

Plate IX. fig. 103 (No. 296). A flower with eight or
sixteen petals.

Plate IX. fig. 104 (No. 54a). A five-leaved flower ; on
blue and white.

Plate IX. fig. 105 (No. 581). An ornament frequently
found on the borders of porcelain vases. It probably
represents the head of a sceptre of longevity, Joo-e, derived
from the fungus, and occurs as a mark on blue and white.

Plate IX. fig. 106 (No. 74a). An object formed of four
circles, possibly a symbol. On old specimens decorated with
coloured glazes.

Plate IX. fig. 107 (No. 2426). A Buddhist symbol (ckang,
'* intestines "), in the form of a knot, an emblem of longevity.
On blue and white.

Plate IX. fig. 108 (No. 301). A fly or other insect. On
blue and white.

Plate IX. fig. 109 (No. 581). A tailless bird, apparently
a stork, in blue ; below it is an engraved number and a
zig-zag, cut with the wheel, a mark placed on china which
has belonged to the collection in the Japanese Palace at
Dresden.

Plate IX. fig. 110 (No, 242c). A three-legged incense
burner (ting),

Plate IX. figs. Ill, 112 (Nos. 412, 413). Two varieties
of four legged vases with a high ear on each side (chia).
This mark has been copied on Derby porcelain, and been
wrongly described as a modelling table.

Plate IX. fig. 113 (No. 358). A vase on three feet, pro-
bably an incense burner. On porcelain of good quality.

JAPANESE MARKS. 219

JAPANESE MARKS.

In Japan several modes of writing are in use, all of them
Chinese or derived from the Chinese. Of the former the
Seal or Chucm and the common character Kiai Shv, are
most commonly to be met with in porcelain marks. Of the
latter, the Katakanob (a syllabic writing of 48 characters
derived from portions of Chinese words) rarely occurs in
marks ; the only specimen in the collection is No. 1,161,
engraved in Plate XV., fig. 1 95. The Hirokana, an abbre-
viated and running form of Chinese characters, also 48 in
number, is more frequently to be found, and it resembles
somewhat the Chinese Taaou Shu, or grass-text.

Marks of Date.

The Japanese employ several modes of dating : a cycle
of 60 years, adopted from the Chinese cycle, and identical
with it ; also a similar system to the Chinese nisn-hao, but
which is by them termed neng6. Whereas, however, the
Chinese have for the last two dynasties rarely changed the
name of the period during the reign of an emperor, the
Japanese have frequently done so. Lists of Japanese neng6s
may be found in Siebold's Nippon, Jacquemart and Le Slant,
p. 293, Hooper and Phillips' Manual of Marks, and a very
correct list has been privately printed in Japan by Mr, E.
Satow. This mode of dating is rarely employed on porcelain.
Only one instance is given by M. Jacquemart, which is of
the year 1653. The dates to be found in the collection are
as follows : —

Oen-ki 1570-1573, No. 532.

Kei-an, 1648-1651, No. 1,120.

Yem-po, 1673-1681, No. 1,020.

Qen-rohu, 1688-1704, No. 1,302.

Tem-mei, 1781-1789, No. 1,240.

Bwfi'kua, 1804-1818, No. 1,007, 1,008.

Bvm-sel, 1818-1830, No. 463, 1,310.

Ka-yei, 1848-1854, No. 463a, 465a, 1,014..

Mei'ji, 1868 to present time. No. 1,012, 1,390.

Plate X. fig. 114 (No. 532). O^n-ki nen sei, " Made in
the period Gen-ki.'^ AD. 1570-1573.

Plate X. fig. 115 (Nos. 463a, 465a). Ka-yei guan nen
NaTirki Otoko-yama sei, " Made at Otoko-yama, in Southern

220 JAPANESE MAttKS.

Kii, in the first year of Ka-yei." This corresponds with
A.D. 1848. On Kishiu ware.

Three other dates are given in Plate XIV., fig. 171-173.

Other Inscribed Marks.

Unlike the Chinese, the Japanese potters or painters not
unfrequently have inscribed their names or the place of
manufacture on their productions. These marks are fre-
quently stamped or impressed with a seal.

Plate X. fig. 116 (No. 469). Nishina, a Japanese family
name.

Plate X. fig. 117 (No. 561). Dai Nippon Kutcmitsviiuru,
" Made at Kutani in Great Japan." Kutani (nine valleys)
is in the province of Kaga.

Plate X. fig. 118 (No. 560). Dai Nippon Yei-raku tsu-
kuru, " Made by Yeiraku in Great Japan."

Plate X. fig. 119 (No. 659). Dai Nippon Seto sei, "Made
at Seto in Great Japan." On porcelain, coated with
cloisonne enamel. Seto is in the province of Owari.

Plate X. fig. 120 (No. 551). Zd-shun tei SampS seiy
" Made by Sampo at the Zo-shun (inclosure of spring) Hall."

Plate X. fig. 121 (No. 464). Himeji sei, " Made at Himeji."

Plate X. fig. 122 (No. 665). Dai Nippon Han-mke sei,
" Made by Han-suke in Great Japan."

Plate X. fig. 123 (No. 660). Bum-mei kai-kua, '» Enlight-
enment and civilisation.'* On porcelain coated witli cloi-
sonne enamel. The words allude to the late dianges in
Japan, owing to foreign intercourse.

Plate X. fig. 124 (No. 517). Tai-min nsn sei, ** Made in
the period Tai-min." As there is no such Japanese nengo,
it is probable that the mark is copied from the Chinese
dynasty mark Ta mi/ng nien chi.

Plate X. fig. 125 (No. 515). Sem-mid nen sei, *'Made in
the period Semmio." As no such nengo is known, this is
probably a blundered variation of the Chinese mark Ta ming
Seuen-tih nien chi,

Plate X. fig. 126 (No. 474). To-giohu yen aei, " Made at
the Togioku (jade pottery) house or establishment." See
also Plate XIV., fig. 178.

Plate X. fig. 127 (No. 465c). Kai-raku yen aei, " Made at
the Kairaku (mingled enjoyment) house or establishment."
This is stamped in the paste on Kishiu ware made at
Waka-yama, province of Kii. The name of ^ the house is
derived from the Chinese classics.

JAPANESE MARKS. 221

Plate X. fig. 128 (Nos. 497, 512, 520). FnhU choahun.
The sarae as the Chinese Fuh kwei ohang chun, " An eter-
nal spring of riches and honours/'

Plate XI. fig. 129 (No. 498a). In the seal character,
Tchda Kichi-hei, probably the name of the maker.

Plate XI. fig. 130 (No. 502a). In the seal character, Hd
(Chinese poo), " Precious."

Plate X. fig. 131 (No. 549). Hdtei no takara. The same
as the Chinese Pao ting chi chin, ** A gem among precious
yesseW See PI. IV. figs. 42, 43.

Plate XI, fig. 132 (No. 470). Seal character, Roku
(Chinese luh), " Prosperity.''

Plate XL fig. 133 (No 636). Seal character, Kin, " Gold."

Plate XI. %. 134 (No. 587a. Seal character, jBTa (Chinese
Jcial '' Felicity.'^

Plate XL fig. 135 (Nos. 467, 540). Seal character, Fuku
(Chinese fuh), '^ Happiness."

Plate XL fig. 136 (No. 569a.). Two stamped marks;
the upper one Banko, the other Nippon Yu-setsu. On thin
teapots of greyish brown ware.

Plate XL fig. '137 (Nos. 571, 1,207). Two stamped marks.
The upper one in an oblong, Oo-koku-san, " Native pro-
duct ;" the lower one in an oval, Kaki-tsubata, the Japanese
name for an iris, perhaps the name of a factory.

Plate XI. fig. 138 (No. 562). Kutani, Kutani (nine
valleys) in the province of Kaga^ whence the clay was
derived. On yellow glazed pottery.

Marks tn the form of Devices.

The Japanese rarely employ devices as marks, and in the
few instances in which they have done so they may have
been imitating the Chinese.

Plate XL fig. 139 (No. 471). The Buddhist symbol Swas-
tika (Chinese Wan). An ancient symbol found in various
parts of the world. In Chinese it stands for ^' ten thousand."
It is the badge of one of the noble families of Japan.

Plate XL fig. 140 (No. 521). A five-leaved flower in red,
perhaps only an ornament.

Plate XL figs. 141, 143 (Nos. 544, 634). Two varieties
of a plant, somewhat like a fungus, but with leaves.

Plate XL fig. 142 (No. 511). A leaf. In blue outlined
with gold.

222

ADDITIONAL MARKS.

CHINESE MARKS.

Marks of Date.

Plate XTI., fig. 144 (No. 854). Wo-shin nien Leang-ki
shoo, "Paintiog of Leang-ki in the Wo-shin year.'' The
Wo-shin year is the fifth year of the cycle. The same date
and name occur on two vases belonging to Mr. Louis Huth,
where, however, the painter calls himself Leang-kwo-ki.
The date Wo-shin also occurs, as Wo-shin nien chi, " Made
in year Wo-shin," on Nos. 855 and 856, and on a cup
belonging to Mr. V. Prinsep. All these specimens are
decorated in the same style, and are generally painted
green underneath, the mark being in black. They can
scarcely be as early as 1748 or as late as 1868, and we may
therefore place them in the year 1808, the fifth year of the
75 th cycle.

Plate XII., fig. 145 (No. 732) Ta Min^ Tien-kH nien
chi, *'Made in the period T'ien-k'i of the great Ming
[dynasty]," A.D. 1621-1627. On a saucer with coloured
glazes. A specimeij (No. 807) painted in blue has the
inscription Ta Ming Tien-k'i yuen nien, " The first year of
the period T'ien-k'i of the great Ming dynasty." The
Tartar invasion produced such troubles that the porcelain
works were probably much neglected. At any rate the
date of this and the succeeding emperors very rarely occur
on porcelain. Of this period no specimen is mentioned
in the History of King-te-chin or by M. Jacquemart, and
those here described are the only ones that have come
under my notice. They do not say much for the ceramic
skill of the period.

Plate XII., fig. 146 (No. 804). Taung-ching nien chiy
**Made in the period Tsung-ching," A.D. 1628-1644. On
cups painted in blue, with designs somewhat Japanese in
feeling ; they were, however, sent from Japan as old Chinese.
M. Jacquemart (Jacquemart and Le Blant, p. 182) mentions
a vase formerly in the Sall^ collection (dispersed in 1826),
which had an inscription stating that it was made for the
temple of Fou-lou-tsiang in the ninth year of Tsung-ching
(1636). This is the only instance he mentions of this
date.

CHINESE MARKS. 228

Other Marks.

Plate XII., fig. 147 (No. 822). Yang-ho tang ch% " Made
at the Yang-ho (encouragement of harmonj'^) Hall." On
porcelain painted in blue and maroon under the glaze^
probably of the period Yung-ching, 1723-1.736.

Plate XII., fig. 148 (Nos. 769, 820). Yuh tang km ke,
" Beautiful vessel of the Jade Hall." On porcelain painted
in blue and maroon under the glaze. It also occurs in the seal
character on the face of No. 819. This mark is given by
M. Jacquemart (p, 187), who suggests that it may relate to
the imperial Chinese academy, which is commonly called
the " .Tade Hall."

Plate XII., fig. 149 (No. 803). Nan-ohuen ki/n yuh,
** The elegant jade of - Nan-chuen.'' On porcelain painted
in blue. Nan-chuen is in the province of Sze-chiien, but
the name is not given in the History of King-te-chin as a
porcelain manufactory. Porcelain it is known is often
sp'oken of as artificial jade.

Plate XII., fig. 160 (No. 758). Shwai fuh kung yung,
" For the public use of the general's hall." On an old bowl
painted in blue. This seems to indicate for whose use the
bowl was made.

Plate XII., fig. 151 (No. 802). Shing yew ya chi, "The
elegant collection of the Holy Friends." On cups painted
in blue. The Holy tViends may have been the name of a
firm. The mark is given by M. Jacquemart, who translates
it, '' Reunion distingu^e d'amis saints." The last character
is badly written and may read cAi, '* made " or " manu*
facture/'

Plate XII., fig. 152 (No. 867). Oae leen chin chcmg,
Precious reward for the lover of the nelumbium (water
lily). On a saucer painted with water lilies, probably of
the period Yung-ching, 1723-1736. It is very similar in
style to No. 391, of which the mark (PI. V., fig. 44) also
alludes to the subject.

Plate XII., fig, 153 (No, 772). See yuh, '' Western jade."
On porcelain painted in blue. The best jade comes to
China from the west.

Plate XII., fig. 164 (No. 786). Yew Jm, " The airival of
friends.'* On porcelain painted in blue- This may allude
to the subject.

Plate XII., fig. 155 (No. 768). Pw shing, "Inex-
pressibly precious/' On porcelain painted in blue. This

A 167. Q

224 CHINESE MAllKS.

is one of the commendations of the ware so often found on
Chinese porcelain.

Plate XII., fig. 156 (No. 843). Tan kwei, ''Red oKve."
On a bowl painted in red in the style of the ^ung-lo period,
1403-1425. The kwei or Qlea fragrans of the Chinese is
highly prized and used as a metaphor for literary honours ;
and as a literary man, with a branch in his hand, is repre-
sented inside the bowl, the inscription may allude to the
subject.

Plate XIII., fig. 157 (No. 678). Le Chih, probably the
maker s name ; an oblong panel in the seal character
impressed on the back of a statuette in white porcelain.

Plate XIII., fig. 158 (No. 891). Chung-kuh she, "The
Chung-kuh family." Engraved in the paste under the
glaze on a moulded cup, slightly painted.

Plate XIIL, fig. 159 (No. 892). Tmn Chin, probably
the maker's name, impressed on a moulded cup, slightly
painted, the characters being in relief.

Plate XIIL, fig. 160 (No. 860). Fan, the maker's name.
On coloured porcelain.

Plate XIIL, fig. 161 (No. 783). im Ghang-taee tsaou,
" Made by Lin Chang-tsee." In the seal character on a
large dish painted in blue, probably of the period Taou-
kwang, 1821-1851.

Plate XIIL, %. 162 (No. 767). The lozenge-shaped
symbol, of which the centre takes the form of a swastika.
A variety of the marks given in PI. VIL, figs. 82-84, and
of the symbol, PL A., figs. 3, 4. On porcelain painted in blue.

Plate XIIL, fig, 163 (No. 1049). The pearl symbol; com-
pare PI. VIL, fig. 79 and PI. A., fig. 1. On a cup probably
Japanese, but so evidently copied from Chinese that it has
been thought best to include the mark in the Chinese
series.

Plate XIIL, fig. 164 (No. 778). A circular symbol similar
to PI. A. fig. 2, perhaps a coin.

Plate XIIL, fig. 165 (No. 763). A hare, probably the
sacred hare of the moon, a symbol of longevity. See
Plate VIL fig. 89. On blue and white.

Plate XIIL; fig. 166 (No. 817). Two scrolls or roUs of
writing tied up, and forming a symbol. Compare PI. A.,
fig. 6.

Plate XIIL, fig. 1.67 (No. 750). A branch with two
flowers ; on blue and white.

JAPANESE MAKKS. 229

Plate XIII, %. 168 (No. 766). A nelumbium flower,
sacred to Buddha, and sometimes used as a symbol. Com-
pare PI. B., fig. 13. On blue and white.

Plate XIII., fig. 169 (No. '894). A device like the letter 0,
and possibly copied from that letter. It occurs on speci-
mens in other collections, and is generally on fine green
enamel porcelain, probably of the period Kang-he, 1661-
1722, a time when the Jesuit missionaries had great
influence.

Plate XIII., fig. 170 (No. 764). A seal character, Shou^,
*' Longevity," known in Holland as the " spider mark."

JAPANESE MARKS.

Marks of Date.

Plate XIV., fig. 171 (No. 1020). Yem-po nen sei, "Made
in the period Yem-po," A.D. 1673-1681. On a specimen
of Nabeshima ware, made at Iwayagawa, province of Hizen.

Plate XIV., fig. 172 (Nos. 1007, 1008). Biin-kua nen
seiy " Made in the period Bun-kua," 1804-1818. On porce-
iain painted in blue, probably from the province of Hizen.

Plate XIV., fig. 173 (No. 1012). Mei-ji nen To-yen sei,
" Made by To-yen in the Mei-ji period," 1868 to the present
time. On blue and white, The period Mei-ji also occurs
on No. 1390, corresponding to the year 1875.

Other Inscribed Marks.

Plate XIV., fig. 174 (No. 987). Tai-Tmn nen sei, "Made
in the period Tai-min." As there is no such Japanese nengo,
this is probably a copy of the Chinese Ta Ming nien chi.
Transfer printed in blue on a cup, with decorations executed
by the same process, and therefore comparatively modern.
Another specimen of transfer printing (No. 1014) bears
the date of the period Ka-yei, 1848-1854. See also PI, X.,
fig. 1 24.

Plate XIV., fig. 175 (No. 954). Fu-ji yo Ma-kuzu tmikuru,
''Made at the Fuji kiln of Makuzu.' Makuzu-gahara is
near Ki6to. On a curious early white piece.

Plate XIV., fig. 176 (No. 955, 956). Ma-kuzu yo Ko-zan
tsukuru, " Made by Kozan at the Makuzu kiln.'* On
porcelain, with details modelled in relief, in biscuit. One

Q2

226 JAPANESE MARES.

of the Kozan family, from Makuzu-gahara, near Ki6to,. went
to Ota. See PI. XVIII., fig. 260.

Plate XIV., fig. 177 (No. 1003). Fukn-shun hen Oiyoku-
sei 861, " Made by Giyokusei, of the Fukushun (returning
spring) house."

Plate XIV., fig. 178 (No. 1113). To-giyoku yen Go-
8uke sei, " Made by Gosuke, at the To-giyoku (jade pottery)
house, or establishment." Same as PI. X., fig. 126, with
the addition of the artist's name.

Plate XIV., fig. 179 (No. 999). Kan-zan km sei, "Re-
spectfully made by Kanzan," signifying that it has been
made for some person of consequence. On porcelain,
painted in blue. For the Kanzan family see PI. XVI.,
fig. 222.

Plate XIV., fig. 180 (No. 1454). Kan-zan sei sei, " Care-
fully made by Kanzan." On porcelain, covered with
lacquer.

Plate XIV., fig. 181 (No. 972). San-rahi yen sei,
" Made at the Sanraku (three enjoyments) house." Stamped
in the paste on Kishiu ware, made at Otoko-yama, province
of Kii.

Plate XTV., fig. 182 (No. 1088). Ko-to, " East side of
lake," i.e., of Biwa. At the side, though not engraved in
the plate, is written Mei-ho, the painter's name.

Plate XIV., fig. 183 (No. 1072). Oo-ro-da-yuu go Shon-sui
tsukuru, " Made by the honourable Gorodayu Shonsui,"
This was the name of the original introducer of porcelain-
making fi'om China into Japan, where he returned about
1513. The specimen is certainly not as old as his time ;
a specimen attributed to him is under No. 1006.

Plate XIV., fig. 184 (No. 1008). Narau waga zo-sen
Shon-sui Go-ro-da-yu tokoro sei, "Made in imitation of
my ancestor Shonsui Gorodayu." On modern blue and
white, probably from Hizen ; the fellow piece bears the
date Bun-kua, 1804-1818.

Plate XIV., fig. 185 (No. 1013). Ki-to ken Hoku4ian sei,
" Made by Hokuhan, at the Ki-to (curious pottery) house.^'
On blue and white.

Plate XIV., fig. 186 (No. 978). Dai Nippon Ko-sai sei,
" Made by Kosai, of Great Japan." On porcelain, with
ornaments outlined in relief, and filled with glazes of
various colours.

JAPANESE MARKS. 227

Plate XIV., % 187 (No. 1112). Mi-kuni, "Three
kingdoras," the name of a place in the province of VTechizen.
Painted in red on a greyish porcelain stand.

Plate XIV., fig. 188 (No. 997). Ki-yen tsukuru, " Made
by Kiyen." Engraved in the paste, on a bowl painted in
dark grey.

Plate XIV., fig. 189 (No. 965). Hizen-kuwan yo, "Hizen
pottery ;" in Chinese characters, on porcelain with brown
glaze ; it is accompanied by a Japanese inscription, iVem-
boku-an Ki-zo sei, " Made by Kizo, of Nembokuan."

Plate XV., fig. 190 (No. 998). Dohaehij a painter's name.
On porcelain, painted in blue. The same name occurs,
variously written, on earthenware, for instance, No.^. 1186,
1316, 1317, 1318. Takahashi Dohachi, of Kiyomidsu,
near Ki6to, commenced making porcelain painted in blue
(sometsuke) at the beginning of the present century. A
second generation of the name continues to make both
porcelain and faience.

Plate XV., fig. 191 (Nos. 1076, 1077, 1460). Ka-hi/n
Shi-riu, " The branch factory of the river." Stamped in a
circle in the seal character ; on porcelain of peculiar make.
The mark does not appear ancient, and has not been
explained.

Plate XV., fig. 192 (No. 1098). Fuku (Chinese Fuh),
" Happiness." Painted in black on a green panel. This is
a very common mark on Kaga ware, chiefly on old speci-
mens decorated in strong colours.

Plate XV., fig. 193 (No. 1456). San-fvan, a maker's
name. On porcelain, painted in blue, ajid coated with
black lacquer.

Plate XV., fig. 194 (No. 1126). Kworho, a maker s name ;
stamped as Bizen ware.

• Plate XV., fig. 195 (No. 1161). Ki, probably part of a
maker's name, in the Katakana character. Stamped in a
circle, on ware made at the Takatori factory at Sobara-mura,
province of Chikuzen.

Plate XV., fig. 196 (No. 1164). Sei, a maker's name.
Stamped in the seal character, on a brown stoneware box,
not unlike Bizen ware.

Plate XV., fig. 197 (No. 1180). K'wan-riyo, a maker's
name. Stamped in a panel, in the seal character, on a curious?
piece of stoneware, roughly glazed.

228 JAPANESE MARKS.

Plate XV., % 198 (No. 1195). Mai-ko, the name of a
place in the province of Banshiu near Kobi. Stamped on
grey stoneware with brown speckles, the letters sunk.
The same mark occurs on No. 1196, but not so clearly
written.

Plate XV., fig. 199 (No. 1205). So-via, the name of the
fabric. On stoneware covered with a gre}' glaze, speckled
and curioHslv indented, and often decorated with a horse.
This example is stamped in an oblong panel with the letters
in relief; on other, and probably older, specimens, it is
enclosed in an oval. The factory is at Naga-mura, province
of Iwaki, one of the subdivisions of the old northern
proviuce of Osiiiu ; its name is said to be derived from
that of a prince who governed the province.

Plate XV., fig. 200 (No. 1199). Yen-zan, a maker's
name ; stamped on a cup of Soma ware.

Plate XV., fig. 201 (No. 1203). Kane-shige, a maker's
name ; stamped on cups of Soma ware ; the same name
occurs on another specimen. No. 1198, in an oval, together
with the usual Soma mark.

Plate XV., fig. 202 (No. 1209). Yu-ko, a maker's name ;
stamped in an oval on stoneware, with peculiar orange
painting.

Plate XV., fig. 203 (No. 1212). Asa-hi, " Morning light,'*
the name of a factory at Uji, province of Yamashiro,
founded 164!4!-1647. It is so called on account of the
colour of the ware ; stamped on a tea bowl.

Plate XV., fig. 204 (No. 1217). Ki te% " Tortoise Hall,"
the name of a firm ; stamped in a circle on verj'^ coarse
earthenware, evidently modern. The same name occurs on
two specimens of porcelain, Nos. 1079, 1079a.

Plate XV., fig. 205 (No. 1218). Roku-bei, a maker's
name ; impressed mark, in the Japanese character, on
rudely painted pottery, said to be made at Oribe, province
of Owari.

Plate XV., fig. 206 (No. 1220). Tami, the first part of a
maker's name. In the seal character. On green glazed
earthenware, either Minato or Awaji ware.

Plate XV., fig. 207 (No. 1231). Min-pei, a maker's name ;
on yellow glazed Awaji ware, not unlike Awata. Kishiu
Minpei, of the island of Awaji, learnt the potters art from
Ogata Shiuhei, of Gojosaka, on the outskirts of Kioto, and
founded a kiln in his native island at Igano-mura, about
1835.

JAPANESE MARKS. 229

Plate XV., fig. 208. (No. 1235). Ris-sai, a maker's
name ; stamped on an oval with letters in relief. A green
glazed ware, probably made at Awaji, or in the province of
Tosa.

Plate XV., fig. 209 (No. 1236). Twirzan, a maker's
name ; stamped on a peculiar ware with a dull ground, on
which scrolls in colours in relief. The Taizan faiuily were
of Mizoro, near Kioto, and one of them, Taizan Yohoyei,
recently removed thence to the neighbouring factory of
Awata.

Plat^ XVI., fig. 210 (No. 1250). St^imped in a vertical
line Nippon Ba/nko, " Banko, of Japan," and in a stamped
oval DoAei tsukuru, " Made by Datei ; " on Banko ware,
made near Kuwana, province of Is^.

Plate XVL, fig. 211 (No. 1256). AJca-kada, " Raw flesh,"
the name of the fabric ; stamped in a curved panel; with
letters in relief, on Akahada ware, made at Koriyama, in
the county of Soishimo, province of Yamato.

Plate XVI., fig. 212 (No. 1257). Itu-sai, a maker's name ;
stamped on an oblong panel with sunk letters. The ware
is not unlike Akahada.

Plate XVI, fig. 213. (Nos. 1264, 1265). Riyo-zen, a
maker's name ; stamped in an oval with sunk letters, on
ware covered with a purple glaze.

Plate XVL, fig. 214 (No. 1267). Shio-swi, " Pine-tree
study," probably a maker's name ; stamped in a circle, the
letters in relief. On a red ware covered with a semi-
transparent glaze.

Plate XVI., fig. 215 (No* 1279). Bun-kiy a maker's name ;
impressed in an oval with raised letters. It accompanies
the Baku stamp.

Plate XVI., fig. 116 (No. 1281a). Shun-tei, a maker's
name ; stamped in an oval, the letters sunk.

Plate XVI., fig. 217 (No. 1283). Shun-yetsu, a maker's
name ; stamped in an oval, the letters siuik.

Plate XVI., fig. 218 (No. 1284). Masorki, a maker's
name ; stamped in an oval with raised letters on grey
stoneware. Masaki Soraku was a potter of Kioto. No.
1285 is also by him, but not marked.

Plate XVI., fig. 219 (No. 1286). Boku-lco, a maker's
name ; on grey stoneware, moulded, very like the last.

Plate XVL, fig. 220 (No. 1293). Nm-aei, a maker's
name ; stamped, with sunk letters. This mark frequently

230 JAPANESE MARKS.

occurs, generally stamped, but sometimes scratched in the
wet clay, and it varies minutely. Ninsei is the title used
by a potter of a family at Nono-mura, named Harima-
Daijo Fuji-wara no Fuchi-masa, who was living about
16'l>4-1651, and erected kilns at different places near Kioto,
viz.: — Awatai Woro, Mizoro, Kinkozan, and Sei-kanji.
His name, Ninsei, was subsequently given to the wares,
and it does not necessarily follow that the pieces marked
Ninsei belong to his time, as his descendants have continued
the manufacture.

Plate XVI., fig. 221 (No. 1303). 0-ike, the name of a
street in Kioto, running east and west. On a crackled
earthenware, coarsely painted.

Plate XVI., fig. 222 (No. 1805). Kan-^n, a maker's
name ; stamped in an oval, letters sunk. The Kanzan
family have a kiln at Kiyomidsu, near Kioto. The present
maker, Kanzan Denshichi, decorates in gold on a red
ground in the Yeiraku style, and has invented the art
of ornamenting porcelain so as to imitate inlaying with
gold.

Plate XVI., fig. 223 (No. 1307). Ken-zan^ a maker's
name; painted in large coarse characters, generally in
brown. The kiln at Narutaki, near Kioto^ was erected by
Shinsho, a brother of the fanipus painter Ogata Korin,
who imitated the Ninsei ware. As the village of Narutaki
is situated at the foot of the hill of Atago, to the north-
west of the emperor's palace, a direction known in Chinese
as Ken, the potter got the soubriquet of Shisui Kenzan
(beautiful blue hill to the north-west). He died in 1792,
aged 81. His successors kept up the name, and a specimen
in the collection (No. 1310) dated Bun-sei, 1818-1830, is
of the third generation. The specimens are a kind of faience
very boldly painted.

Plate XVI., fig. 224 (Na 1311). Shvmizu{or KiyomiAm)
Ou^aj\ Si. maker's name; stamped in Japanese characters
in a long oval, on Kioto faience.

Plate XVI., fig. 225 (No. 1083> Yei-raJcu (Chinese
TuTig-lo,) " Perpetual Enjoyment." Name of the firm or
fabric, stamped. An ancient factory at Kioto established
by a family who made only earthen braziers till the tenth
generation, when Zengoro Eiyozen commenced making por-
celain at the beginning of the present centurj\ He re-
ceived the title of Yeiraku from the Prince of Kii of the
Tokugawa family. The name may have been suggested by
his copying tlie style of the Chinese porcelain of the

JAPANESE MARKS. 231

Yung-lo period; In the twelfth generation Zengoro Hozen
went, about 1860, to the province of Ejiga and improved
the Kutani wares. The present maker is of the thirteenth
generation.

Plate XVI., fig. 226 (No. 1312). Yei-raku, the name of
the firm or fabric ; stamped with letters in relief. On a
yellow faience decorated in the Chinese style; other
varieties of the mark are on Nos, 1313, 1314.

Plate XVI., fig. 227 (No. 1319). Two stamped marks in
ovals, the upper one Tai-hei, " Peace," the lower Ho-zan, a
maker's name. On a peculiar vessel of Awata ware, in the
form of a peach, with a scratched cyclical date.

Plate XVI., fig. 228 (Nos. 1820, 1321). ffo-zan, a
maker's name, stamped. ()n fistience made at Awata, near
Kioto. The name of one of the original families established
there ; the present maker is Hozan Bunzo. The same
mark, but of a smaller size, is on No. 1322, and, difierently
written, on No. 1457 (See Plate XVII. fig. 246).

Plate XVIL, fig. 229 (Nos. 1327, 1328). Iwa-kura-zan,
the name of the maker or place, neatly stamped on pale
yellow faience. Iwakura is a small village to the north-
east of Kioto. The factory was a branch of the Sei-kanji
kiln, established by Ninsei. - However, a man of the name
of Iwakurazan Kichibeye is now established at Awata,
where he removed from Mizoro.

Plate XVII., fig. 230 (No. 1330). Km-ung ken, Kin-
ung (cloudy brocade) house, stamped. On faience made in
imitation of Satsuma, probably at Kioto.

Plate XVIL, fig. 281 (No. 1332). Kin-ko-mn, the name
of a maker and factory, stamped on faience. This is the
name of one of the original families of potters near Awata
near Kioto, of whom the present representative is KinkoEan
Sobeyei.

Plate XVII., % 232 (No. 1336> Shi^gen, a maker's
name. Stamped in an oval with letters in relief on a very
ix)ughly made tea bowl covered with inscriptions, ,and not
turned on the lathe. Probably one of the KiSto wares.

Plate XVII, fig. 233 (No. 1338). Ma-kuzvu, that is,
Makuzu-gahara, a place near Ki6to. For the same name
see Plate XIV., figs. 175, 176.

Plate XVIL, fig. 234 (No. 1342). fif^i-sK a maker's name,
stamped in an oval on a vase of pale stoneware, partially
glazed and well painted.

232 JAPANESE MAiiKS.

Plate XVII., fig. 235 (No. 1344). Aka-shi, the oame of a
place in the province of Harima. Faintly stamped in an
oval on faience.

Plate XVII., fig. 23H (No. 1348). Gan or Iwa, '' A rock,"
probably part of a maker s name ; stamped on a cleverly
modelled figure in pottery, partially glazed, perhaps Ohi
ware, made near Kanazawa, province of Kaga.

Plate XVII., fig. 237 (No. 1350). Inu-yaina, the name
of a factory situated in the village of Inaki-mura, county of
Niwa, province of Owari. It is not known when it was
established. The mark is painted in brown, on coarsely
decorated stoneware.

Plate XVII., fig. 238 (No. 1353). Nikko, the name of a
place near Tokio (Yedo), where there is a famous temple.
Impressed in curisive characters on earthenware with a
rough glaze, like grained morocco.

Plate XVII., fig. 239 (No. 1354). Shu-zan, a maker's
name ; impressed in an oval, on stoneware coarsely painted.

Plate XVII., fig. 240 (No. 1357). So-hai tei, " the Sobai
(early plum) house " ; impressed in a long oval. On
earthenware coarsely decorated, but much admired in Japan;
on the same piece is the seal of the painter, Kiotaru.

Plate XVII., fig. 241 (No. 1358). Zen, the commence-
ment of a maker's name, like Zengoro, &c. ; impressed in a
hexagon On pottery with ornaments in relief and glazed
in various colours.

Plate XVII., fig. 242 (Nos. 1367, 1368). Kik-ko or Kitzu-
kOf a maker's name ; impressed in an oval. On light brittle
ware, glazed and crackled. This is the mark of a native of
Osaka, who is still living. He has established a branch of
the Raku fabric.

Plate XVII., fig. 243 (No. 1369). Kik-ko or Kitzu-ko, a
variety of the last, impressed in an oval.

Plate XVIL, fig. 244 (No. 1371). Ji^-8cm feti, " The Ju-
san (thirteen) house.'* It occurs on pieces exactly similar
to those on which the name Kikko appears, and is therefore
probably of the same fabric.

Plate XVII., fig. 245 (No. 1372). K'wan-kei a maker's
name ; stamped in an oval in the seal character. On glazed
pottery.

Plate XVIL, fig. 246 (No. 1457). Ho-zan, a maker's
name. Painted on pottery coated with red lacquer. The
Hozan family are of Kioto. 8ee Plate XVI,, figs. 227, 228.

JAPANESE MA^KS. S33

Plate XVII., fig. 247 (No. 14o9). Yashinm, the name
of a place near Osaka ; stamped in a circle. On pottery
coated with lacquer.

Plate XVII., fig. 248 (Wo. 1460). Ho-raku, the name of
a fabric ; ?»tamped in a circle in the seal character. On
pottery coated with lacquer. The factory was erected in
1820, near the town of Nagoya, province of Owari, by a
man named Toyosiike, on the Rakii system. He seems to
have invented this particular mode of lacquering earthen-
ware, which is sometimes called from him Toyosuke yaki.

Plate XVIII., fig. 249 (No. 1223). Sen-shiu Sakai moto
Minato yaki Kichi-ye-Trhon, "Original Minato ware of
Kichij-emon [made at] Sakai [province of] Senshiu " ; in
a quadrangular stamp ; the same inscription occurs on
No. 1224, but is smaller. On No. 1222 is the stamp
" Minato-yaki " alone. Minato (port) ware is made near
Sakai, province of Idsumi, also called Senshiu. It is said
that the priest Giyoki, the supposed inventor or introducer
of the potter's wheel, commenced working here. In the
16th century a brittle ware was made, a kind of biscuit ;
afterwards the ware was covered with a thin glaze, like
Cochin Chinese wares.

Plate XVIIL, fig. 250 (No. 1259). Ohi, the name of a
place ; stamped in a circle ; varieties of the same mark
occur on Nos. 1258, 1260. Ohi-machi (Ohi Street) is on
the boundaries of the town of Kanazawa, province of Kaga.
A factory was established there on the Raku system in
1680 by Chozayemon. The ware is denser than the Raku
ware, and has a bright orange-brown glaze. This mark is
said to have been used by the 10th Chozayemon.

Plate XVIII., fig. 251 (Nos. 1268, 1269). Kagwtu
probably the name of a firm or fabric. It properly signifies
*' Divine Music.*' Stamped in a circle.

Plate XVIII., fig. 252 (No. 1272). Maku (enjoyment),
the name of a fabric. About 1558-1569, a Corean named
Anieya came to Kioto, and made pottery with a clay
found at Shiraku, a part of Kioto. He died in 1574, and
was succeeded by his son Tanaka Chojiro, who received
from the famous Hideyoshi, commonly known as Taiko,
a gold seal on which was engraved RakUy " enjoyment."
This was used to impress the mark on the ware, which
was called after it. In the next generation the gold seal
.was lost, and each manufacturer adopted a seal of his
own, always however with the same word. In the tenth
generation the Prince of Kii bestowed a seal on the maker,

234 JAPANESE MABKS.

which was also used. The present maker, Kichizajemon,
is the eleventh in descent from the original founder of the
fabric. Specimens of all but the first generation are pre-
served in the South Kensington Museum.

Plate XVIIL, fig. 253 (No. 1270). Rahi, " Enjoyment,"
a variety of the same mark as the last.

Plate XVIIL, fig. 254 (No. 1272). Rahiy "Enjoyment,"
another variety of the same mark, in a more abbreviated
character.

Plate XVIIL, fig. 255 (No. 1274). Sei-nei, a maker's
name ; stamped in a gourd-shaped panel, with the letters
in relief. On a specimen of Raku ware, accompanied by
the usual stamp.

Plate XVIIL, fig. 256 (Nos. 1362, 1363). Ho-rakw
" Profuse enjoyment," the name of a maker or fabric ; stamped
in an oblong enclosed in an oval with the letters in relief.
{See Plate XVIL, fig. 248.)

Plate XVIIL, fig. 257 (No. 1365). Oo-raku ken sei,
" Made at the Goraku (deterred pleasure) house f stamped
in a circle with the characters in relief. On a red ware
with a peculiar sugary glaze. Sometimes attributed to
Akahada. The name of the house is taken from the
Chinese classics.

Plate XVIIL, fig. 258 (No. 12 1 4). Ji-zan saku, " Made
by Jizan ;" stamped in an oblong with letters in relief. On
a rough red bowl, with a sugary glaze like the last.

Plate XVIIL, fig. 259 (No. 1254). Aka-hada yama, the
name of the fabric^ followed by a circular seal Bohti-hahiij
the artist's signature. This factory is situated at Kori-
yama, county of Soishimo, province of Yamato, and was
founded about 1644-1648. At first it only made utensils
for the tea clubs. The ware is stated to resemble Hagi,
but composed of a different clay. Akahada literally means
" raw flesh.''

Plate XVIIL, fig. 260 (No. 1284). Ma-kuzu Ko-isan sei,
" Made by Kozan of Makuzu ;" stamped in^a gourd-shaped
panel. This is the mark of the fabric at Ota, near Yoko-
hama, established after the opening of the harbour to
European trade by a merchant of Yokohama, named Suzuki
Yasubeye, to make imitations of Satsuma ware, the clay
being brought from that province. He brought from the
fabric at Kiyomidsu, near Kioto, a potter named Kozan,
residing at Makuzu-gahara^ Ki6to, whose productions are
good imitations of Satsuma. (See also Plate XIV., figs. 175,
176.)

DRESDEN COHiBCTION. 235

DRESDEN COLLECTION.

In various parts of this catalogue reference has been
made to the numbers of the Dresden Collection, and it may
be therefore desirable to give some explanation of them.

The Dresden collection of porcelain is probably the most
ancient in Europe as far as the Oriental portion is con-
cerned. According to its learned Director, Dr. Theodore
Graesse, it was chiefly brought together by Augustus the
Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, between
the years 1694-1705. These specimens were afterwards
made use of to decorate the Dutch, or as it was subsequently
called, the Japanese, Palace. After being for many years
stored away in the vaults of the Palace, they have now
been set out in the Johanneum, where they are well seen.

In order, it is said, to prevent the courtiers from making
away with the royal property, every specimen in the old
collection was marked with numbers, accompanied by various
signs, engi'aved through the glaze on the lathe, and therefore
indelible. To avoid high numbers and to facilitate classifi-
cation, a particular sign was used for each kind of porcelain.
These marks must have been put on at an early date, as
they are only to be found on the more ancient specimens of
Meissen porcelain in the collection -at Dresden.

The present inventory is dated 1779, but is believed to be
only a copy of a much older document of the same kind.
By the kindness of Dr. Graesse I have been able to examine
these volumes, and with the following results : —

The volumes are five in number.

Vol. I. is an inventory of miscellaneous objects, lacquers,
carvings, &c.

Vol. II. Saxon or Meissen porcelain and Bottger ware.

Vol. III. Japanese porcelain, distinguished by the
addition of a cross to the number.

Vol. IV. 1. " Green Chinese porcelain " (that is, principally
. painted in green enamel), marked by an y .

2. White Chinese porcelain, marked with a triangle.

3. " Red Chinese porcelain " (that is, principally de-

corated in red), marked with an arrow.
Vol. V. I. Blue and white "Indian porcelain" (chiefly
Chinese blue and white), including crackle.
Marked with a zig-zag line.

2. " Old Indian porcelain." Marked with a parallelo-

gram.

3. " Indian and Saxon black porcelain.'*' Marked with

aP,

236 DRESDEN COLLKCTIOK.

All but the last of these signs ai*e to be found in tbe
collection, and are represented in the engravings ; the zig-
zag on Plate IX. fig. 109, and the others in the accompany-
ing figures 261-265. The following are the numbers of
the specimens from which these marks have been copied : —
The zig-zag, Plate IX., fig. 109, on No. 581 ; the cross, fig.
261, on No. 1057, the a , fig. 262 on No. 900 ; the triangle,
fig. 263, on No. 683 ; the arrow, fig. 264, on No. 1099 ;
the parallelogram, fig. 265^ on No. 1400.

The cross ti»ark is of value as showing the opinion enter-
tained in Europe at so early a time as to what was
Japanese, but must of course be accepted with some reserve.
It may be added that nearly all the Japanese specimens are
what we know as " Old Japan," made in Imari for ex-
portation. The triangle is useful to help us in distin-
guishing white Oriental from early Dresden, Fulham, or
Plymouth porcelain, which were close copies of the first.
The most curious specimens are those marked with a
parallelogram, and are called Old Indian. Many of these
appear to me to be Oriental porcelain, originally white, and
decorated in Europe, probably in Holland. The same
style of painting is to be found on five vases bearing the
arms and initials of Augustus tbe Strong, said to have been
ordered for the King by the Dutch in 1703, but pro-
bably executed in Holland. These vases seem to be
Chinese porcelain with ornaments in very low relief, over
which the arms have been painted, together with a
decoration in the Japanese style.

7<'iS0

>f=pd.

W=Z-

ffi ^

Fio. 261. Fio. 262. Fia. 263.

^TrQi

x^z

y

Fig. 264. EiG. 265.

237

SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS, &c.

We are so much accustomed in Europe to ornament
being applied to works of art simply to please the eye,
that we are apt to think that the same rule prevails every-
where. The truth is that many of the devices we employ
belong to faiths long passed away, such as the religions
of Greece and Rome, or are derived from sources so widely
divergent that in combination they become incongruous
and unmeaning.

Such is not, however, the case in the far East, especially
in China, where each colour and each flower has its appro-
priate meaning and purpose. In Japan some of the de-
signs on pottery and porcelain are derived from the history
and mythology of those Islands, or adapted from the quaint
heraldry of the noble families ; but the art of making por-
celain having been learnt from China, and Chinese porcelain
being much valued, we often find copies of Chinese devices
on Japanese porcelain, though more rarely on Japanese
pottery.

To explain fully the numerous devices which appear on
Oriental porcelain would require considerable space and
more information than we at present possess, information
moreover of a kind not easily obtained. It must be remem-
bered that there are three different religions in China, and
that the followers of one of them is rarely able to explain
the devices belonging to another. I propose, therefore,
only to notice such as occur more commonly.

Sl?MBOLS.

[Plates A, B.]

The first to be noticed are the peculiar figures which
have been termed symbols, and which are more usually found
on Chinese than on Japanese porcelain. These symbols
are generally eight in number, although the individual
forms are apt to vary.

The number eight is somewhat of a favourite among the
Chinese, perhaps on account of the Pa-kwa or eight mys-
tical trigrams, to be described hereafter ; but it is also a
number which admits of being symmetrically arranged.

I am indebted to Dr. BusheU, of H.B.M. Legation at Pekin,
for native drawings of several sets of symbols, together
with an account of them, from which it appears that we
may divide them into three classes : —

1. The jKi-gan-sienj or emblems of the eight immortals,
which do not very frequently occur on porcelain as symbols,

238 SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS.

and will be described under the head of the eight immortals.
These are especially Taoist.

2. The pa-chi-siangy or *^ eight lucky emblems " of the
Buddhists, represented in Plate B. ; they ornament the
borders of two bowls, No. 362, bearing the dates of the
periods extending from 1796 to 1851. These are carved
in wood or made in clay, and offered on the altar of every
Chinese Buddhist Temple, as well as repeated ad injinitum
in architectural decoration ; they are derived from India^
and are of course used principally by the Buddhists.

3. The ordinary pa-pao, or " eight precious things," some
of which are represented in Plate A., taken chiefly from a
vase. No. 326, which may probably be as old as the reign of
Kang-he (1661-1722); they are very variable, and do not
seem to be connected with any special religion.

Some of these symbols have already been noticed as
marks, and they generally may be distinguished from other
ornaments by ribbons or fillets entwined around them.
Several of them are figured in Jacquemart and Le Blant,
p. 249, where, however, they are not correctly explained.

The Ordinaby Symbols.

Plate A. fig. 1. An oblate spherical object, represented
sometimes white and sometimes yellow, with a ribbon en-
twined around it. This represents a pearl (Chin), and has
been already noticed as a mark (Plate V. fig. 79, Plate XIII.
fig. 163) ; its name likewise occurs as a mark (Plate IV.
fig. 56) ; this object is frequently represented in the air with
dragons, who appear to be emitting it from their mouths ;
occasionally rays of effulgence issues from it. In a Japanese
legend, connected with the conquest of Corea by Zingu,
widow of the Mikado, A.D. 200, we find the following
curious incident. She convokes the kami or genii, and one
of them, Isora, is charged to go to the dragon's castle at
the bottom of the ocean and obtain the magic pearls of the
fiux and reflux, by means of which she gains the victory.
(Siebold, Voyage au Japon, V. 232.)

Plate A, fig. 2. A circular object^ apparently hollow,
and enclosing a square. This is described by M. Jacquemart
as a Jcoueiy or a stone of honour for magistrates. It does not,
however, appear to agree with the description of this stone
or sceptre, as given in Williams' Dictionary, under kwei^
where it is described as " a tablet with rounded top and
square base, and made nine, seven, or five inches long,

SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS. 239

according to the bearer's rank." This object is probably
a coin, a symbol of riches, and often forms a border to
plates (see No. 410.), and occurs as a mark, Plate XIII.
fig. 164.

Plate A. fig. 3. A lozenge-shaped object, apparently an
open frame, as the fillets show through it. This is also
termed a kouei by M. Jacquemart. Two lozenges, with the
ends overlapping, are used to represent the dual symbol
(fang ahang).

Plate A. fig. 4. A lozenge-shaped object, with a com-
partment in the upper side, perhaps a variant of that last
described. A somewhat similar object is designated by M.
Jacquemart as a sounding stone, for which, 'however, the
next specimen seems better suited. This and the preceding
symbol are used as marks, see Plate VII. figs. 82, 84.

Plate A. fig. 5. An object somewhat like a mason's
squal-e. This is no doubt what is described by Williams as
a sonorous stone or bronze plate, used instead of a bell in
China, and termed king. He states that figures of this
instrument are seen carved on the ends of rafters, etc., as an
emblem of the different character with the same sound,
which signifies ** goodness," "happiness," or "luck."

Plate A. fig. 6. Two oblong objects placed close together,
exactly alike, and probably representing books. It occurs
as a mark^ Plate XIII. fig. 166.

Plate A. fig. 7. A pair of curved objects, intended to
represent rhinoceros horns (se keo.) This may be the
same as the mark given in Plate YII. fig. 90. On a small
bowl. No. 359, is represented a figure carrying an object
very similar.

Plate A. fig. 8. A leaf, of variable form, probably a
leaf of the artemisia {ai yeh) an emblem of good augury. It
is also a mark, see Plate VIII. fig. 94.

Instead of these symbols are sometimes to be found the
shell, a flower, and two fishes, which wiU be described in
the series given in the next plate, as well as a branch of
coral, a silver ingot, cake of ink, etc.

The sjnnbols are also sometimes seen carried by a pro-
cession of fantastic figures, possibly tribute bearers from
the tribes of the Man or southern barbarians.

Buddhist Symbols.

Plate B. fig. 9. A bell (chung). This is generally
replaced by the lun or ckakra, the wheel of the law.

A 167. R

f 40 STHBOLIOAL ORNAMENTS.

Plate B. fig, 10. An univalve shell {lo\ the chank shell
of the Buddhists. A shell was lent by the Government to the
ambassadors to Loochoo to ensure them a prosperous voyage.

Plate B. fig. 11, A state umbrella, (sati), possibly in-
tended for the Wom-mimnsan^ " The umbrella often thousand
people," which is presented to a mandarin on his leaving
his district, as a token of the purity of his administration.

Plate B. fig. 12. A canopy (kae).

Plate B. fig. 13. The lotus flower Qiwa). This symbol
is never represented with fillets : it occurs not uncommonly
as a mark, see Plate VIII. figs. 95^ 96. Although properly
the sacred lotus of the Buddhists^ it is often represented
more like a peony, or any other flower.

Plate B. fig. 14. A vase with cover (kwan).

Plate B. fig. 15. Two fishes (yu) united by fillets.
This occurs as m^rk (Plate VII. figs. 85-87), and may also
allude to domestic felicity. A freshwater fish like a perch was
called Fu, and was supposed to go about in pairs, faithful*
to each other. It has exactly the same sound as Fu,
*' Riches."

Plate B. fig. 16. An angular knot, the intestines (chang),
an emblem of longevity. It occurs as a mark. See Plate
IX. fig. 107.

An elaborate set of these Buddhist symbols, though with
some variations, are represented on a pair of fine eggshell
vases in the possession of Mr. Willoughby Loudon, engraved
in Marryat (1868), plate iii. fig. 5.

Other Symbolical Devices.

Plate C. fig. 17. A seal character for Show, longevity,
arranged, in an ornamental form. This character is repre-
sented in no less than 100 diflerent ways, and offcen occurs
on porcelain. That engraved is from a saucer, No. 392,
where it is surrounded by five bats. It may also be found
as a mark, Plate V. fig. 60, Plate XIII. fig. 170.

Plate C. fig. 18. A bat. This animal is constantly
represented on Chinese works of Art, and the cause of its
presence is a singular one. Though written with a diflTerent
character, the name of the bat, Fuh, has exactly the same
sound as Fuhy happiness, "and it is therefore very com-
monly used as a synonym for the latter. The figure is
taken from a saucer, No. 392, where there are five bats ;
the same number occurs on a bowl, No. 458. These five
bats symbolize the five blessings or happinesses, viz. : 1.

SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS. 241

Longevity. % Biobes. 3. Peacefulness. 4. Love of virtue,
5. A bptppy death.

Plate C. fig. 19. The famous set of eight trigrams,
known as the Pa-kwa, They consist of combinations of
broken and entire lines, each differently placed. The entire
lines represent the male, strong, or celestial element in
nature, and the broken, the female, weak, or terrestrial.
Each g^oup has its own name, and even the dishes at a
feast are arranged in . ^.ccordance with these diagrams.
They are said to have been first published by Fuh-hi, the
legendary founder of the Chinese polity, who is stated to
have lived B.C. 2862 to 2738, and to whom they were
revealed by a dragon-horse. By them the Chinese philoso-
phers attempted to explain all the secrets of nature and of
being. The diagram here given is the oldest arrangement,
in which they are supposed to be in connexion with the
points of the compass, the north and south being, however,
reversed, according to the Chinese system. For further
particulars, see Mayers' Chinese Reader's Manual, p. 333.

These trigrams are represented on several specimens in
the collection. See Nos. 71, 157, 368, 1470. The circular
figure in the centre is the mystical device, the Yang and
YiUy the male and female elements of nature. This device
is not unlrequently employed as an ornament in China.

THE EIGHT IMMORTALS.
Plates D. — G.

The Pa Sien, or eight immortals, are legendary beings of
the Taoist sect, said to have lived at various times and
attained immortality. They fire not unfrequently depicted
on porcelain, and as no. representations of them have ap-
peared, as far as I am aware, in any European work, I have
thought it desirable to give engravings of them, copied
fr6m a vase in the collection. No 322. They are also to be
found as separate figures, of which there are two sets, one
standing, the other seated (see Nos. 301a to 309 and 826 to
828) ; sometimes they ornament the edges of plates, stand-
ing on various animals among the waves of the sea (Nos.
476, 863 to 865), and their symbols occasionally occur as
devices.

The following are their names in the sequence in which
they are represented in the engravings ; their order, however,

R 2

242 THE EIGHT IMMORTALS.

differs in various lists, see Williams' Dictionary, sub voce
" Sien," and Mayers' Chinese Readers' Manual, p. 338,
from which latter most of the information here given is
derived.

1. Han Chung-le [PI. D.] Said to have lived under
the Chow dynasty, which lasted from B.C. 1122-249, and
to have obtained possession of the elixir of immortality.
He is generally represented as a fat man with a bare belly,
and holds in his hand a fan with which he is said to revive
the souls of the dead. His emblem is a fan (shan). He is
also known as Chung-le Kwan.

2. Leu Tung-pin [PI. D.], bom A.D. 755. While a
magistrate of the district of Teh-hwa he is said to have
encountered Han Chung-le among the recesses of the Lu
Shan, from whom he learnt the mysteries of alchemy and
of the elixir of immortality. He was exposed to a series of
temptations, ten in number, and having overcome them, was
invested with a sword of supernatural power, with which
he traversed the empire, slaying dragons and ridding the
earth of divers kinds of evil for upwards of 400 years. His
emblem is a sword (keen).

3. Le Tee-kwae [PL E.] It is uncertain when he lived ;
he was instructed in Taoist lore by Lao Tsze himself, who
used to summon him to interviews in the celestial spheres.
To do this his spirit had to leave his body, which he en-
trusted to the care of a disciple. On one occasion the
disciple was summoned away, and when the disembodied
spirit returned the body was gone. Le Tee-kwae therefore
took i^efuge in the body of a lame beggar, in whose shape
he continued his existence, supporting himself on a crutch
or staff. His emblem is the pilgrim's gourd {hu-lu), and
he holds a staff in his hand.

4. TsAOU Kwo-Kiu [PI. E.] Said to be the son of
Tsaou Pin, a military commander who died A.D. 999, and
brother of the Empress Tsaou How. He is therefore repre-
sented as wearing a court head dress. His emblem is a
pair of castanets (pan), which he holds in one hand.

5. LAN TsAE-HO [PI. F.] Of uncertain sex, but
generally considered a female. In the engraving a male
figure is represented, carrying a flower basket (hvja-lan),
which is the usual emblem.

6. Chang Ko-laou [PI. F.] Said to have flourished
towards the close of the 7th and middle of the 8th centuries.
He was a great necromancer, and used to be accompanied

THE EIGHT IMMORTALS. 243

by a white mule, which carried him immense distances, and
when not required, was folded up and put away. The
Emperor Ming Hwang summoned him to his court, but he
refused to go. He is represented with a bamboo tube.
(yu-ku), a kind of musical instrument used by Taoists, and
two rods to beat it ; the latter are sometimes placed in the
tube, forming his emblem.

7. Han Seang-tsze [PL G.] Said to be a great-
nephew of the statesman and philosopher Han Yu (who
lived A.D. 768-824). He was a pupil of Leu Tung-Pin,
by whom he was carried to the fabulous peach tree of the
genii, but fell from its branches. He is represented as a
flute player, and his emblem is a flute (tieh).

8. Ho Seen-koo [PI. G.] Stated to have been the
daughter of Ho Tai, of Tseng-cheng near Canton. She used
to' indulge in solitary wanderings among the hills ; and re-
jecting the ordinary food of mortals, ate the powder of
mother-of-pearl, which was supposed to produce immortality.
She was summoned to the court of the Empress Wu (A.I).
690-705), but on her way disappeared. She carries in her
hand a lotus flower {Leen-hwa^y which forms her .emblem.

EMBLEMS OF LONGEVITY.

The greatest desire of a Chinaman is long life, which
prolongs his enjoyment of this world's goods, and ensures his
receiving the respect paid to old age in a country governed
by the maxims of Confucius. Longevity is therefore the
first and greatest of the Woo Fuh or " Five Blessings.''

The Taoists, or followers of Lao Tsze, carried this still
further, spending their time like the mediaeval alchemists,
in the search after the elixir of immortality.

As might therefore be expected, the emblems of lon-
gevity occur very frequently on porcelain, and take a great
variety of forms, all symbolising good wishes to the pos-
sessor; it may be therefore usefiil briefly to describe these
emblems.

One of the commonest of the seal characters with which
porcelain is decorated is the word show (Japanese ju or z*yu)
" Longevity " (see PI. C. fig. 17), of which the varieties are
endless. On a vase published by M. Jacquemart (1873, p.
44) a number of different forms occur. A set of a hundred
-varieties is on a roll in the British Museum, another set is
given in Hooper and Phillips' Manual of Marks. The word

244 EMBLEMS OF LONGEYITT.

is also used as a mark on porcelain (see FL Yi fig. 40 ; XI.
fig. 134; XIII. fig 170.)

We also find statuettes and Representations of the god of
longevity, with an elongated bald head, holding a sceptre
of longevity, resting on a deer or riding oli a stork or tbr-
toise. For a Chinese example see No. 1472, and for Japanese
(Jurojin), Nos. 463, 950.

A knot pattern (Chinese chang, Japanese cAo) is also used
as an emblem of long life, more especially in China. It is a
Buddhist symbol, the intestines, and is represented in PL B.
fig. 16 ; it also occurs as a mark on PL IX. fig. 107. It is
to be observed that the line forming it has neither begin-
ning nor end.

Among the animals connected with longevity should
be mentioned the fabulous R^i-lin, though it was leather
employed as a symbol of good government, which its
appearance was supposed to herald. It was said to attain
the age of 1,000 years. It must, however, be remembered
that most of the animals commonly tei*med Kylins are
other monsters, especially the fabulous lion of Corea. The
true k*i-lin is represented with the body and hoofs of a deer,
the tail of a bull, and a single horn on his forehead.

The deer (Chinese luh, Japanese rokv^) ifi also an emblem
of longevity, A white stag frequently accompanies the
god of longevity. It sometimes carries in its mouth another
emblem, the fungus. A deer, however, is also used as a
symbol of official emolument or prosperity, having the same
sound as the word for the latter (liih). It is probably for
this reason that we find a fawn accompanying the Japanese
god of talent Toshi-toku.

The hare (Chinese tu, Japanese usagi) is sdcred to the
moon, where the Taoists believe it to live, pounding the
drugs that form the elixir of life. It is stated to live 1,000
years, and to become white when it has reached the first
500 years. The hare, often miscalled a rabbit, occurs on
porcelain, both as a decoration and as a mark (see PL YII.
fig. 89, PL XIII. fig. 165).

The fox (Chinese Au, Japanese kiUvr-ne) is cotisideted,
especially in Japan, as a very mysterious animal. There
are several wonderful legends concerning it in Mitfoi*d's
Tales of Old Japan. It is said to attain the same age as
the hare, when it is admitted to the heavens and becomes
the celestial fox. It is probably owing to the connexion
with longevity that it occurs on a teap6t, No. 934.

EMBLEMS OJJ' LONGEVITY. 245

The tortoise (Chinese hwei, Japanese ki or kaim) was
also a supernatural animal^ and its shell was used in
divination. The tortoise with a hairy tail is depicted in
Japan as an attendant on the god of old age, and is used
as an emblem of longevity. A Chinese phrase Kwei-ho-
tung^hun, signifies "May your days be as long as the
" tortoise and stork"

The stork (Chinese ho, Japanese tsuru) in one of the
commonest emblems of longevity. It is said to reach a
fabulous age> and when 600 years old to drink, but no
longer eat ; after 2,000 years to turn black. It occurs as a
mark, PI. IX. fig. 109.

Among plants are three trees, which though not all
strictly speaking emblems of longevity are closely connected
with it ; these are the pine tree, bamboo, and plum. These
three trees are termed by the Japanese in combination
Sho'CkikU'bai. The Chinese say " the pine, bamboo, and
" plum are like three friends, because they keep green in
" cold weather."

The pine tree (Chinese suTig, Japanese matsv^) is a very
common emblem, and to be found on many specimens in
the collection. Its sap was said to turn into amber when
the tree was 1,000 yfears old.

The bamboo (Chinese ckuh, Japanese take) is another
emblem, owing probably to its durability. Its elegant form
causes it frequently to be depicted on works of art, both
in China and Japan.

The plum tree or prunus (Chinese mei, Japanese mume),
though not properly an emblem of longevity, is indirectly
connected with it, as the philosopher Lao Tsze, the founder
of the Taoist sect, is said to have been bom under a plum
tree. It forms the decotation of the porcelain erroneously
termed " may flower" or " hawthorn pattern.''

The peach (Chinese taOy Japanese momo) is a symbol of
marriage, but also of longevity. Great virtues were attri-
buted to the peach, especially that which grew near the
palace of Si Wang Mu, Queen of the Genii, on which the
fruit ripened but once in 3,000 years. It is represented
with a bat, as a mark in PL VIII. fig. 101.

The gourd (Chinese hu-1% Japanese hiotan or fukii be)
is also an emblem of longevity, especially in Japan, owing
perhaps to its durability when dried. It forms part of a
mark in PI. VI. fig. 75.

246 EBiBLEMS OF LONGEVITY.

Of all plants, however, the meet common emblem of lon-
gevity is the fungus (Chinese chi or ling-chi, Japanese rei-
8hi)y which has been already mentioned under No. 709. The
fungus in question is probably the Polyporus lucidus, which
when dried is very durable. It is preserved in temples
and is often represented in connexion with Lao Tsze and
the immortals. It occurs as a mark PL YIII. fig^ 97-100,
and is a very common ornament on porcelain.

Though not strictly an emblem of longevity, it may be
well to mention the Joo-e or sceptre of longevity (literally
" as you wish "), which is often given at marriages and to
friends for good luck. It is made of a great variety of
materials, such as jade, enamelled metal, lacquer, &;c It
is often represented in the hand of the god of longevity,
and the head of one forms the mark Fl. IX. fig. 105.

LONDONt

Printed bj Gsobgb E. Etbe and William SPomgwooDs,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty.

For Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
[16383.— 1000.— 3/7a,]

PLATE I.

Fio. 1.

Fig. 2.

*

A.D. 1721.

2t

YUBN-FUNG. 1078-1086.

Fig. 3.

m ^

HUNG-WOO. 1868-1399.

Fig. 4.

^ ^

TUKG-LO. 1403-1425.

Fig. 5.

^ i»

SBUEN-TIH. 1426-1486.

Fig. 6.

^ m

CHING-HWA. 1465-1488.

Fig. 7.

GHING-HWA. 1465-1488.

Fig. 8.

m -k

HUNG-CHB. 1488-1506.

Fig. 9.

IE

CHING-TIH. 1506-1522.

Fig. 10.

KBA-TBING. 1522-1567.

Fig. 11.

*

^ RS

LUNG-KING. 1567-1573.

Fig. 12.

J^ -k

WAN-LBIH. 1573-1620.

CHINESE DATE MARKS.

* »

Fio. 13.

Fio. 14.

Fio. 15.

m ^

E :*:

iE ±

# 'M

^ /g

m m

m m

^ M

m m

sann-CBB. 1644-1661.

KAKO-HB. 1661-1733.

ruKO-CBiMO. 1723-1786.

K,o.,..

Fig. 17.

Fio. 18.

^ ^

^ s

% it

m m

KBBN-LUNO. 1736-1795.

KBA-KINO. 1796-1831.

I40n-KWAMG.1821-1851,

JTio. m.

Fig. 20.

Fic. 21.

m. *

•J& *

m iz

# »i

^ ?e

^ m

m ^

^ IBJ

m %

JIBBB-FUNQ. 1851-1862.

TCNG-CHB. 1863-1875.

KWAMQ-aaic. 1875.

Fio. SS.

Fig. aa.

KIHO-TB. 1004

1007.

YUBO-LO. 1403-1425.

CHfflESE DATE MARKS.

[fjl i mu

n-na3i

BUEN-TIH. 14S6-1436.

m§

mm

mm

SEEN-Ltnro. 17Se-lT9S.

m

-EIKC. 1796-1821.

iii

nsBH-vimo. 1851-1862.

CHINESE DATE MAKKS.

PLATE IV.

FlO. 32.

IR

Fig. 33.

m

Fig. 34i

Fig. 85.

Fig. 36.

m m

Fig. 37.

3nC

5&

Fig. 38.

Ml

Fio. 41.

Fig. 39.

t

Fig. 42.

3^ m

Fig. 40.

1. 1^

Fig. 43.

^

CHINESE MABES.

PLATE V.

Fig. 44.

Fig. 45.

Fia. 46.

Uj X

4

Fig. 47.

Fig. 51.

Ji

Fig. 55.

Fig. 59.

Fig. 63.

m

Fig. 48.

^

Fig. 49.

^

Fig. 52.

11^

Fig. 53.

m

Fig. 66.

Fig. 57.

*

Fig. 60.

Ji.

Fig. 64.

Fig. 61.

1

Fig. 65.

Fig. 50.

Fig. 54.

Fig. 58.

Fig. 62.

Fig. 66.

A 167.

CHINESE MARKS.

m

Mil

IS?

di

CHINESK MASKS.

PLATE VII.

Fio. 79.

Fig. 82.

Fio. 85.

Fio. 88.

Fig. 80.

Fig. 83.

Fig*. 86.

Fig. 89.

Fio. 81.

Fig. 84.

Fig. 87.

Fig. 90.

CHINESE MARKS.

PLATE VIIT.

^'^^'^

"»■ "■ K«. 100.

CHINESE MARKS.

loa. FiQ. 104.

CHINESE MARKS.

PLATE X.

FlO. 114.

IC

^A

Fig.

117.

it

*

#

B

it

*

Fig.

120.

- :^^
m ^

f*

Fks. 123.

it m

Fig. 126.

Fig. 115.

Fig. 118.

m.

Fig. 121,

Fig. 124.

Fig. 127.

Fio. 116.

Fig. 119.

m *

^ a

Fig. 122.

«^

Fig. 125.

Fig. 128.

^

JAPANESE MARKS.

ws

ffl

730

JAPANESE MARKS.

PLATE XII.

Fig. 144.

▲.D. 1808.

Fig. 145.

^ m

t'ibn-k'i. 16S1-S7.

Fio. 146.

T8UNG-0HIKO. 1628-44.

Fig. 147.

m

Fig. 148.

1 £

9»

Fig. 149.

5&

S HI

Fig. 150.

FlO. 168.

@

Fig. 151.

Fig. 158.

H ^

Fig. 154.

^

^

Fig. 155.

Fio. 156.

n

CHINESE MABKS.

PLATE XIII.

Fig. 157.

Fig. 158.

Fig. 169.

Fig. 160.

Fig. 161.

Fig. 162.

Fig. 164.

Fig. 165.

Fig. 167.

Fig. 168.

Fig. 169.

G

Fig. 168.

Fig. 166.

Fig. 170.

z

A 167.

CHINESE MARKS.

-'X

PLATE XIV.

Fio. 171.

^ jg

A.D. 1678-1681.

Fio. 172.

m ^

A.D. 1804-1818.

Fig. 173.
A.D. 1868-

Fio. 174.

A»|

^/l.

Fig. 175.

:f5

Pig. 176.

«.
JA

111 M

Fig. 177,

3E H

m m

Fig. 178.

iL m

m

Fig. 179.

II 111

Fig. 180.

M III

Fig. 181.

Fig. 182.

Fig. 183.

^ at

Fig. 187.

^

Fig. 184.

Fig. 185.

it ^

m If

Fig. 188.

ISO

Fig. 186.

4s

Fig. 189.

m

JAPANESE MARKS.

T 2

FiO. 190. Fl&. 191. Fig. 192.

f

t

JAPANESE MARKS.

PLATE XVI.

Fig. 210.

Fig. 211.

Fig. 212.

Fig. 213.

Fig. 214.

Fig. 218.

Fig. 222.

Fio. 215.

Fig. 216.

Fig. 219.

Fig. 220.

n

Fig. 223.

Fig. 217.

Fig. 221.

Fig. 224.

v:sy

Fig. 225.

Fig. 226.

Fig. 227.

§

Fio. 228.

JAPANESE MARKS.

PLATE XVI r.

VlG. 399. Fio. 530.

Fig. SSI. Fio. aaa.

C&

Fio. 9S5. Fio. 336.

I

m

JAPAMESE MARKS.

PLATE XVIIl.

Via. 349.

Fio. 350.

Fig. 851.

Fig. 252.

Fte. 353.

Fio. 35*.

#

JlQ. 355.

Pio. 256.

Fig. 357.

Vio. 2SS.

Flo. S59.

Fio. 360.

s

^

UJ

/i\

JAPANESE MARKS.

PLATE A.

Fio. 1.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 8.

SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS.

PLATE B.

Fig. 9.

Fig. 11.

Fig. 13.

^/^

Fig. 15.

Fig. 10.

Fig. 12.

Fig. 14.

Fig. 16.

SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS.

PLATE C.

Fig. 17.

Fig. 18.

Fig. 19.

A 167.

SYMBOLICAL ORNAMENTS,

U

HAN CHUNG-LE awd LEU TUNG-PIN.
A 167.

LE TEE-KWAE ino TSAOU KVVO-KIU.

IAS TSAE-HO iltli CHANG KO-LAOn.

HAN SEANG-TSZE and HO SEEN-KOO.

.

I

FMC AHTt UjMMIIV

3 2044 034 894

WIDENER LIBRARY

Harvard CoUege, Cambridge, MA 02138: (617) 495-2413

If the item is recalled, tlie borrower will be notified of

the need for an earlier return. (Non-receipt of overdue

notices does not exempt the borrower from overdue fines.]