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7
ARABIC GLASS WEIGHTS.
CATALOGUE
OF
ARABIC GLASS WEIGHTS
IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
STANLEY LANE-POOLE.
EDITED BY
REGINALD STUART POOLE, LL.D.
CORRESPONDENT OF THE INSTITUTE OF FRANCE.
LONDON :
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
Longmans & Co., Paternoster Row;
B. Quaritch, 15, Piccadilly ; A. Asher & Co.,
13, Bedford St., Covent Garden, and at Berlin ;
Kegan Paul, Trubner & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill ;
Allen & Co., 13, Waterloo Place.
Paris: MM. C. Rollin & Feuardent, 4, Rue de Louvois.
1891.
BY -•-«•
v » • •* •*
v WW*.
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J * J ■* ■*
V -»
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• • toKDoir:
••• WUICTBD BY OILBEET AKD BIVIKOTOK, LIMITED,
8T. JOHlf's HOUSE, CLERK EK WILL HOAD.
*••:.
• • • ••
•• • • • • a
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■•* !•••• •••••
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•• • •
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EDITOR'S PREFACE.
This Catalogue of the Glass Weights with Arabic inscrip-
tions in the British Museum forms a supplementary
volume to the Catalogue of Oriental Coins, with which
it is essentially connected, inasmuch as the majority of
the glass weights were clearly used to test the accuracy
of the weight of coins.
Arabic Glass Weights are preserved separately in
the Department of Coins and Medals, and in that of
MediaDval Antiquities ; but the contents of both depart-
ments have been included in this volume, with distin-
guishing letters.
The diameter and weight of each specimen (except
when broken) are given in English inches and grains.
Tables for converting inches into millimetres and the
measures of Mionnet's scale, and grains into grammes,
are supplied at the end of the volume.
The Catalogue is illustrated by nine autotype photo-
graphic plates.
The author is Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole ; and I have
carefully compared each weight with the corresponding
description.
REGINALD STUART POOLE.
888SS
AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION.
Many of the coin cabinets of Europe contain a few glass
discs, closely resembling Arabic coins in size, weight, and
inscriptions. This resemblance has induced most numis-
matists to classify them as glass coins, nummi vitrei, mon-
naies de verre ; and in my earliest contribution to the
Numismatic Chronicle (xii. p. 199 ff., 1872) b I endeavoured
to support this view by various arguments derived from
examples preserved in the British Museum. These argu-
ments, however, were successfully combatted by the late
E.T. Rogers (Num. Chron. N. S., xiii. p. 60, ff., 1873, and
Journal R. Asiatic Society, N. S., x. p. 98, ff., 1878); and a
further study of the glass discs themselves, as well as of the
historical evidence, leads to the inevitable conclusion that
they are nothing else but standard weights issued by the
government of the day for the purpose, mainly, of testing
the accuracy of current coins, but also occasionally destined
for other uses.
The most distinct statement on this subject hitherto
discovered in a trustworthy Arabic authority is that
of El-Mukaddesee, who, writing in a.d. 985, remarks in
his Maghrib (i. 240), that the coins in use in the domi-
nions of the F&timee Khaleefeh are the deen&r, and its
fourth; the dirhem, half, quarter, eighth and sixteenth
(kharroobeh or kharnoobeh) of the dirhem ; all of which
are accepted by number (not by weight) ; and he adds,
" the weights for money are made of glass, and bear the
same stamp as the ordinary rati [pound], namely the style
of the [F&timee] Prince of the Faithful." * This state-
-
* Prof, de Goeje, Academy, 26 Feb. 1876.
vili INTRODUCTION.
ment is sufficient to lay to rest any doubts as to the uses
to which glass discs were put in F&timee times ; and it is
corroborated by a passage in Ed-Demeeree's Hayydt el-
Heywdn (i. 80), where it is related how, when 'Abd-el-
Melik, the Amawee Khaleefeh, inaugurated his purely
Mohammadan coinage, he was advised, in order to secure
uniformity in weight, to "cast weights of glass, which
cannot alter either by increase or by decrease." These
appear to be the only references to glass standard weights'
for testing coins hitherto noticed in the works of Arabic
writers. Ibn-el-Atheer, indeed, mentions weights for test-
ing coins (Kamil, iv. 887), but does not state of what
material they were made.
The evidence of the weights themselves points un-
mistakeably to their relation to coins as standards of
accuracy. Granting this special purpose, we should expect
to find the glass discs tallying in weight with the various
denominations of coins in circulation at the period to
which they belong, and further to find their weight fairly
uniform and constant for each denomination. This is pre-
cisely what we do find, as an examination of the following
table of the glass weights in the British Museum collection
will demonstrate : —
INTRODUCTION.
IX
TABLE OF WEIGHTS OF GLASS.
(Numerals in thick type indicate that the denomination is specified on
the glass weight ; the rest are classified by analogy.)
I. Under the Amawee and 'Abbasee Khaleefehs, chiefly 2nd
century a.h.
For Gold Coins,
For Silver Coins,
Fels.
u
P
©
©
p
P
•
s 2
PP
©
p
•
©
u
P
65
66
66
66
65
66
66
66
66
63
65
65
67
61
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
33
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
88
89
76
93
93
94
89
93
44
38f
46
41 f
45
44
46
46
46
46
46
47
19
58
90 of 30 kharr.
90 (great fels) „
56 of 20 keerats.
82 of 19[?29]kh.
Ill
89 of 33 kharr.
97 of 32 „
79 of 30 teerata.
90
89
76 of 25 fceerats.
76 „ „
63 of 20 kharr.
49 of 15
47 „
37 of 14 fceerats.
21 \ fels of 9 fceerats.
27 „ „
* These double dirhem weights all belong to late 'Abbasee
Khaleefehs, circ. 600 a.h.
t Stated to consist of 13 kharroobehs. Cp. I, infra, p. xxvii.
7
INTRODUCTION.
II. Under the Fdtimee JEJialeefefis, Mh to 6th centuries a.h.
For Gold Coins.
Double
Deen&r.
Deen&r.
£ Deen&r.
131
132
132
131
130
126
131
132
62
65
65
63
61
61
58
65
65
65
65
66
65
65
65
66
65
66
66
65
60
64
66
15
16
15
16
16
16
15
14
INTRODUCTION.
XI
For Silver Coins.
Doable
Dirhem.
Dirhem,
1 Dirhem*
£ Dirhem.
Double
Dirhem.
Dirhem.
(continued. )
(continued. )
90
45
23
11
84
46
88
42
22
11
92
46
92
44
22
11
92
43
91
44
23
11
9i
40
91
45
23
11
92
46
92
41
20
11
92
46
92
46
18
11
92
45
90
45
24
11
92
45
92
43
23
10
83
45
92
47
18
12
94
41
92
46
23
11
90
45
87
45
23
11
91
36
91
45
22
11
90
32
90
46
23
11
92
37
77
46
21
11
90
47
91
45
23
11
92
47
90
46
23
12
90
47
91
47
23
12
89
46
91
46
23
11
91
46
91
46
23
11
92
45
86
44
22
11
90
45
83
45
20
12
47
93
46
23
10
40
92
46
22
11
47
81
46
23
46
80
45
23
#
50
92
46
22
46
92
46
23
i
47
86
46
24
47
80
46
21
46
90
46
21
44
90
46
23
46
91
46
22
46
92
46
23
46
91
46
22
46
92
45
22
93
46
21
92
46
23
92
46
22
84
42
21
89
41
22
86
47
22
92
47
22
XU INTRODUCTION.
~ The foregoing table includes all the weights in the
Museum series, with the exception of broken fragments,
which possess no metrological value, and seven irregular
weights. It is remarkable that in a series of about 320
glass weights for deenars and dirhems and their sub-
divisions and multiples (the fels will be discussed later),
only seven should depart notably from the uniform stand-
ard.* The remainder are singularly uniform, when it is
remembered that it is not very easy to cast glass exactly
to a grain in weight, or to modify the weight after it has
hardened. The early weights bear the indication of the
denomination of coin which they are intended to test ;
as deenar, nasf deenar, dirhem, &c. The long series
of F&timee weights carry no such indication, but when
classed according to the standard established by the earlier
weights, they show almost equal uniformity and exactitude.
Thus the deenar is seen to weigh 66 grs. Troy. In only
one instance does it touch 67 grs., and only once falls to
58. Out of 37 specimens, 28 weigh 66 or 65 grs. The
half-deenar weighs uniformly 33 grs. ; the third, 22 grs. ;
the quarter, 15 or 16 grs.; and the double deenar, 131 or
132, only one falling to 126. Taking 66 as the standard
weight of the deendr, the other denominations are seen to
agree : the double ought to be, and is, 132 ; the half, 33 ;
the third, 22; and the quarter, 16 i (the glass weight here
falls slightly short) .t Again, the dirhem, as shown by
90 examples in glass, weighs 45 to 46 grs. Two-thirds
. of the 90 exhibit one or other of these weights ; of the
* These seven weigh 218, 118, 116, 29, 17, 8, and 6 grs. The last two
may represent the thumn or Jth of a deenar referred to by El-
Mn^addesee. The 17 may be an excessive £ deenar, the 29 a defective
} deenar, and so frn.
t A unique glass weight published by Rogers is stated in its
inscription to represent a "dirhem, two-thirds " (^ls) of a deenar ;
wt. 44 grs. (e, infra, p. xxvi.).
INTRODUCTION. Xlll
remaining 30, 12 attain to 47 grs., only one exceeds 47
grs., and four fall below 40 grs. The double dirhem ought
to be 91 to 92 grs., and out of 64 Fatimee specimens 85
weigh 91 to 92 grs., and 51 range from 89 to 94 grs. (The
eight 'Abb&see double-dirhems are less regular, but they
average a minute fraction under 90 grs.) The half-dirhem
should be 22 £ or 23 grs., and of 44 specimens, 32 weigh
22 to 23 grs., and only three fall below 20. The quarter-
dirhem should weigh 11 or 11 J grs., and with the excep-
tion of two of 10 grs. the 24 examples in the Museum all
weigh from 11 to 12 grs. If we compare the weights
recorded by Mr. Rogers in the articles referred to, we shall
find that they tally very closely with those observed in the
Museum collection. The accuracy of the glass discs as
standard weights for deen&rs and dirhems, as well as their
doubles and subdivisions, may therefore be accepted as
proved. That they correspond to the known weights of
the deenars and dirhems, &c, of their time is of course
obvious to the numismatist.
The column headed fels demands careful consideration.
The word fels does not necessarily imply a copper coin,
though it was commonly used in this sense. It rather
denotes any piece of money accepted by weight. It will
be noticed that the fels is frequently stated in terms of so
many Tcharroobehs or so many keerdts. According to the
authorities cited by M. H. Sauvaire,* the hharroobeh seed
weighs 3 grains of wheat, or 4 grains of barley ; and
18 kharroobehs equal the dirhem in weight, and 24 the
mithkal (i.e. deen&r). The Jceerdt is equal to the
kharroobeh, and runs 18 to the dirhem and 24 to the
mithk&l, or according to others the proportions are 14 and
20. Taking the 15 fels in the Museum which state their
• Matfriaux pour servir a VMstovre de la numismatique et de la me'tro-
logie musulmanes, pt. i., p. 106, pt. ii., p. 53.
XIV
INTRODUCTION.
weight in kharroobehs or keerats, and the solitary dirhem
which gives its kharroobehs as 13, we arrive at the
following conclusions : —
18 kharroobehs =
38 grs.
or 1
. kharroobeh
=
(about) 3 grs.
15
» =s
47 t
o 49 grs.
»
t*
=
H tt
20
»* =
63
»»
tt •
tt
=
3i „
80
s=
90
»»
tt •
tt
=
3 „
82
it =s
97
»
99 •
it
=
3 „
83
11 =
89
»
>t •
tt
=
*\>t
143 kl
larroobehs =
Veer&ta =
424
grs.
tt 1
»
it
=
3 „
9
27 grs.
or
1
fceerat
3 grs.
14
» ==
37 „
tt
1
tt
==
n u
20
a =s
56 „
tt
1
a
=
H ^
25
»» ~
76 „
a
1
>*
=
3 „
80
»» =
79 „
tt
1
>>
=
23
98
»» ™
275 „
tt
1
tt
=
2 7
^T5 it
From this it appears that the kharroobeh and the keerat
are practically equivalent, and their value may be taken as
3 grs. in Egypt : but their weight and proportion to the
deen&r and dirhem varied in different countries.* .
The question at once arises, what coins, if any, were
these weights intended to test ? One is avowedly a dirhem
of 13 kharroobehs — thus forming an exception to the
general estimate of 18 kharroobehs to the dirhem.f The
rest are termed in their inscriptions fels, great f els, or half
fels. The fels (according to these examples) weighs any-
thing from 37 to 97 grs. : the " great fels '*' 90 grs., and
the half fels 27 grs. It is obvious that the denomination
counts for nothing, and that the number of kharroobehs or
keerats stated in the inscription is the real standard of
weight. What then was to be tested with these glass
* Rogers published a fels of 33 kharroobehs, wt. 99 ; another of
30 kharroobehs, wt. 90, both of which exactly agree with the British
Museum figures j and a fragment of 27 kharroobehs (Of. below, p. xxviii.)
f Cp. I, p. xxvii., below. This estimate does not tally with the
average weight of an unworn dirhem — about 46 grs.; 15 or 16
kharroobehs would be nearer the mark.
INTRODUCTION. XV
weights of so many keer&ts or kharroobehs ? Not deen&rs
or dirhems, since only two or three of these weights
approximate the standards of deenars and dirhems ; more-
over, these coins have standard glass weights of their own,
specified as such. Again, testing an individual copper coin
or fels by these standard weights would be useless, since
the fels is very variable in weight, generally much worn and
clipped, and sometimes intentionally cut into quarters.
The fels, moreover, was usually passed by weight, not by
number ; and one is forced to the conclusion that these glass
standards were used by the merchant to test the weight
in copper of a certain number of fuloos, when offered for
goods. This theory would account for the numerous
varieties of weight employed, as indicated by the figures 9,
14, 15, 20, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, kharroobehs or keerdts. The
merchant is selling, let us suppose, a piece of cloth for two
dirhems and a half, and the buyer has no half-dirhem, but
tenders copper fuloos instead. These fuloos are of varying
size and weight, but the proportion of copper in kharroobehs
to the dirhem at the given time is of course known,
and the merchant would proceed to weigh the required
number of fuloos by his standard glass weight of so many
kharroobehs.
Besides coin weights, the British Museum possesses a
few heavier glass weights which represent the pound (rati)
and ounce (wukeeyeh), and were perhaps used for weighing
a number of coins collectively. Some of these are inscribed
with their denominations : such are the rafleyn or 2
pounds, 5670 grs. (but the specimen is broken) ; the rati
or pound, 3240 grs. (also broken) ,• the half-ratl, 1200 grs.
(also broken); the quarter-ratl, 1144 grs.; the half-
wukeeyeh or half ounce, 244 and 525 grs. ; and the sixth of
a wukeeyeh, 96 grs. The uninscribed discs weigh 171, 115,
111 grs. ; a hollow green glass cylinder, closed at both ends,
weighs 4900 grs.; a glass ring (perhaps merely an ornament)
XVI INTRODUCTION.
3000 grs. ; and a square block, with a central hole,
1460 grs. One weight has what appears to be the numeral
r (2) upon it, weight, 120 grs.; another has the letter _ ,
wt. 147 grs,; and a third bears the representation of a figure,
seated cross-legged, wearing a turban, and holding a bottle
in his right hand and a wine-cup in his left. We learn
from M. Sauvaire (ii. 93) that the Egyptian rati (for this
weight varied greatly in different countries) weighed 6912
grs. of corn, or contained 12 oz. (wukeeyeh). At this rate,
the sixth of a wukeeyeh weight of 96 grs. is exactly right ;
the half-ounce of 244 grs. wants 44 grs. to be full
weight ; * the other half-ounce of 525 grs. is inexplicable ;
the quarter of a pound, 1144 grs. is also very short of
weight. The broken weights must of course be dis-
regarded. Of the uninscribed weights, those of 4900, 3000,
and 1460 grs., may represent the rati roomee, the Halab
ounce, and the double ounce of the rati fulfnlee.
The scarcity of large glass weights may be accounted for
by the brittle nature of the material ; for a large piece of
glass is more likely to be broken than a small one, if
accidentally dropped. But the great preponderance of
small glass weights is probably due chiefly to the fact that
glass was specially reserved for testing the weight of coins,
whilst copper and other materials could more easily be
employed for the heavier weights required for weighing
merchandise. It is singular, however, that so many weights
of the F&timee period should represent dirhems and their
sub -divisions, whilst Fatimee dirhems are very rare in com-
parison with deenars ; and one is forced to the conclusion
that the silver coinage of the Fatimee Khaleefehs, in spite
of its scarceness in modern collections, must originally have
been verv numerous.
i _
* M. Sauvaire has a half -ounce glass weight of 235 gra., infra, p.xxvii.
INTRODUCTION. XVll
A cursory examination of the inscriptions on glass
weights shows that they were specially and almost ex-
clusively used in Egypt. Only two specimens bear the
names of places; one of these is Misr, which means the
capital of Egypt, and the other is El-Mansooreeyeh, a
Tunisian city under the rule of the Egyptian sovereign.
Almost all the names of governors and princes found on
the weights -indicate an Egyptian origin. Of forty-three
weights bearing the names of governors under the Kha-
leefehs of Damascus and Baghdad, thirty-four indicate
holders of office (governors, treasurers, &c.) in Egypt, one
has the word Misr, and it is fair to assume that the other
eight names, though not hitherto identified, were those of
Egyptian officials. Eighteen weights present the names
of 'Abbasee Khaleefehs, without any indication of locality :
but it is noteworthy that they all belong to times when
Egypt was under the rule of governors or princes who
acknowledged the supremacy of the 'Abbasee Khaleefehs.
So long as their rivals the F&timees held Egypt, not a single
glass weight appears with an 'Abb&see name : but as soon
as Salah-ed-deen had restored the allegiance of Egypt to the
'Abbasees, the names of the Khaleefehs El-Mustadee and
and En-Nasir appear on the weights— a sufficient indica-
tion of their Egyptian origin. The great majority of glass
weights bear the names of the Fatimee Khaleefehs : but
none exhibits a F&timee name or date prior to their
conquest of Egypt. It may, therefore, be taken as
proved that the use of glass weights as standards for
testing coins was characteristic of Egypt, and, so far as
can be proved, of Egypt alone. Had they been used
elsewhere, the names of princes and governors, other than
Egyptian, would surely have been found upon them. It
may be added that the great majority of the glass
weights in the British Museum were discovered in
XV1U INTRODUCTION.
Egypt, in the rubbish heaps round Cairo and Fustat and
elsewhere, largely by the industry of the Rev. Greville
Chester.
In the present state of our knowledge any inquiry into
the origin of this use of glass weights in Egypt would be
premature. The manufacture of objects in glass was, of
course, common among the ancient Egyptians, and the art
was never neglected in later times. And, although
specially characteristic of the period of Mohammadan rule
in Egypt, glass weights of the Roman and Byzantine
ages are not uncommon. The British Museum possesses
nearly eighty of these older weights, which were un-
doubtedly manufactured in Egypt, where they were found,
for the most part by the Rev. Greville Chester. The Byzan-
tine glass weights conform fairly closely to the standard of
the solidus of 68 grs., which was the origin of the Moham-
madan deenar of 66 grs. The figures run, approximately,
64, 65-7, 67-4, 67'7, 68-3, 69, 70-4; 32, 32-5, 33-4, 34,
34-4, 34-5, 34-9; 17-2, 17, 17'7, 18,— representing the
solidus, half, and quarter, and very nearly the deenar, half,
and quarter. The device on these weights is generally a
bust or head, and some have inscriptions recording the
name of the ruler of the province. That these are the
direct ancestors of the Arabic glass weights is beyond
question.
The older, Roman, glass discs present types obviously
Egyptian — such as the figure of Harpocrates, Bes, Serapis,
Isis, the ibis, the ram. Their weight, however, is not
uniform like the Byzantine. Older still is the one
Phoenician glass disc in the British Museum, bearing
the words ID 12V ('Abd Mar) in Phoenician round a
bull's head, and weighing 11*8 grs. These various speci-
mens carry the history of glass weights considerably
further back than Mohammadan times. The Arabs found
INTRODUCTION. XIX
Byzantine glass weights already in use in Egypt when
they conquered it, and these were doubtless derived from
earlier Roman discs, and from the glass scarabs of the
Ptolemaic period.*
The inscriptions on glass weights are generally brief; for
the reason that the letters are necessarily coarse; since
great fineness in the lines is difficult in a material run
into a mould. The formula aJDI ^*W, In God's name,
sometimes begins the inscription, and the words &4 ^\ or
At j*\ I** (Such a one) ordered, or Of what (such a one)
ordered, frequently precede the name of the governor or
khaleefeh. In the time of the Fatimees, J**fc W*, of what
was made, is substituted. Instead of the verb <*->>*, strike,
%+b, stamp or impress, is used, in the phrase ajuL^ j*\
(Such a one) ordered the stamping of it and the like. If
a lower official, such as a sub-governor or inspector of
markets, is indicated as well as the chief governor, his
name is prefixed with the words ^ju ^z, by the hands
(of so-and-so). The object of the disc, as a mean of test-
ing the weight of coins, is indicated by the word Jti&o
weight, prefixed to the denomination which it is intended
to test; as >*>> J^***> weight of a deendr. In a few
instances Oi$> which has the same meaning, is substituted
for JU&«, and rarely J*&, measure ; whilst such forms as
04}y+4 £*k, stamped by weights, and Ojt&t j*\ (Such a one)
ordered for weighing (such a coin) occur: thealifof pro-
longation in such words as £)\k*9 £H)\y*> J^>> being
usually omitted.
The accuracy of the weight is attested by the word uifj,
full (weight) ; or, rarely, by *X*, J+£» or J*\£*, and ~©,
which have equivalent meanings ; or, especially under the
Fatimee Khaleefehs, by Jj*,just (weight).
* See the notes of Mr. W. Flinders Petrie in the Archaeological
Journal, vol. xl., p. 419, 1883.
XX INTRODUCTION.
The denominations of coins and weights indicated on
the glass standards are, —
wJlJ third (of a deenar).
£x+ti two thirds (of a deenar).
db^jji. kharroobeh. The plur. Ob^j*. also occurs.
j^bj > dirhem.
j^iyj^i** deenar.
Jl>j pound. j+& y)b) great pound. Ot^j two pounds.
chjut sixth (of an ounce).
uJJb fels. >«#t u~M great f els.
k\j£ Tceerdf. The plur. la^i also occurs.
wi-AJ half (of a dirhem, deenar, pound, fels, and ounce).
Of
3u9} ounce.
The names of the rulers under whose authority the
weight was issued are chiefly (1) those of governors of
Egypt under the Amawee and 'Abb&see Khaleefehs, with
the style (if any) of Ameer, and rarely with the name of
the contemporary Khaleefeh ; (2) a few with the names
and styles of the 'Abb&see Khaleefehs, without those of
subordinate princes or governors ; (3) those of the Fatimee
Khaleefehs, whose titles are precisely the same as those
occurring on their coins ; and (4) those issued during the
Memlook government of Egypt, and bearing names not
identified hitherto with any of the known rulers or officers
of the period. Such names are 'Alee Esh-Shuweykh
(" the little Sheykh "), 'Alee El-Misree (" the Egyptian "),
'Alee Ed-Da' ee ("the emissary "), Mohammad El-'Oodee
("the lutist"), Mohammad El-Baba, Ahmad, 'Omar
El-Fakeeh ("the jurist"), 'Omar, Hasan, Ya'koob", El-
Jem&lee, Aboo-Bekr, Faraj, &c. These persons were
apparently private individuals, and their weights may
have been stamped for their own shops. In some cases,
however, they appear to have manufactured them them-
selves, for the phrases j+z J*s, 'Omar made it } J**
INTRODUCTION. XXI
pji J**, * J**l i5>jJu»+M j**yi J** clearly
indicate personal manufacture. It is noteworthy that, with
the exception of the Khaleefehs, no Egyptian sovereigns'
names appear on glass weights, neither of the Benee-
Tooloon, the Ikhsheedees, the Ayyoobees, or the Menilooks.
No obvious explanation of this circumstance suggests
itself. It can hardly be assumed that all the glass weights
issued by these dynasties have disappeared, and the only
conclusion to arrive at is that they were not issued by them ;
but why they should not have been issued, and why glass
weights appear in so sporadic a manner, are questions to
which at present no answer seems to be forthcoming.
Benedictory phrases in connexion with the names of
princes and governors are rare on glass weights. Those
that occur are a) aJJI 9+*\ and a* aUI *I©1, God pre-
serve him; aJJI A*^t, God honour him; aUI *j*f, God
exalt him. Other religious phrases are aJUI^ J£j (Such
a one) trusts in God; aUI ^ <-^j God suffices me; ^jtj
aJJI, God is my Lord; ^^W aDI j*\ God ordains
honesty (or just dealing); <UJf J*£», God's measure;
jy>3l J^jJt j^mj, How excellent a companion is the
grace of God; ^11*3 aUI> Oj^ I -t, I seek the protec-
tion of God the most High; aU, To God; aJU SjaM To
God (belongeth) power ; J^t aUI, God is One; aJIH j*£ut,
God grant victory. Some of the discs bearing simply a
formula such as the last may be in the nature of charms
or medals. The 'Alawee kelimah, with aUI ^J$ ^jte*
occurs on some Fa^imee weights.
The colour of each glass weight is stated in the Cata-
logue, but it is impossible to describe the great variety
of tints, ranging from deep purple or blue to pale
yellow, which are exhibited. Some examples have a
* This can hardly refer to Sultan Faraj, the Memlook.
XXU INTRODUCTION.
metallic lustre, some are gilded, some have striae of a
different colour from the ground tint ; and while the great
majority are transparent or translucent, some are opaque.
The commonest colour is bottle green.
Closely allied to glass weights are the curious glass
stamps, indicating measures of capacity, of which a few
are described at the end of this volume. They are known
as Bottle Stamps, because they were impressed upon glass
measures of bottle form. Very few of them have come
down to us. The five in the British Museum are evidently
Egyptian, for they are precisely similar to the glass
weights of the same period, and three of them bear the
names of Egyptian governors of whom we also possess glass
weights, — namely, ' Obey d- Allah ibn El-Habhab and 'Eesa
ibn Abee-'Atd.
The first in order bears the name of 'Abd-El-Melik ibn
Mar wan, who may be either the Amawee Khaleefeh,
a.h. 65 — 86, or the governor of Egypt of the same name
(a.h. 132). In form of inscription this stamp exactly tallies
with the early glass weights; but instead of an indication of
some denomination of coin, or weight, it bears the words
lu*£ sJuc A half a hist. The kist, which is simply the
Greek gearys, the Latin sextarius, a well known liquid
measure of antiquity, was used by the Arabs as a measure
for oil, wine, honey, and the like, and contained 18 (Arab)
oz. of oil, or 20 of wine, or 27 of honey, by weight, accord-
ing to Mar EHy& the Archbishop ofNaseebeen (J.R.A. S.
ix., 291 ff. The various estimates of this measure may
be referred to in Sauvaire, Materiaux, pt. iii., pp. 99, 198.)
The second stamp was issued by 'Obeyd- Allah ibn El-
Habhdb, treasurer of Egypt at the beginning of the
second century of the Flight (see the glass weights nos.
3, 3 G.), and bears also the name of a subordinate official,
Haleem (?) ibn Meysarah and the date 111 a.h. : it
indicates a quarter of a kist, or about half a pint measure.
INTRODUCTION. XX111
Rogers, who described this stamp in the Journal of the
Royal Asiatic Society (x. p. 99, 1878), observed that "the
inscription and the marginal rim were produced from two
different moulds," and believed " that the former was
first impressed, and that, before the glass had time to
cool, the mould of the latter was pressed over it," with
th6 effect of partially obliterating some of the letters.
The third and fourth bottle-stamps bear the name of
'Ees& ibn Abee-'At&, who also issued the glass weight no. 6,
and indicate the measure of half a kist : while the fifth was
made by a certain Hoseyn ibn ' Alee, unknown, and gives
no indication of measure.
Eogers has also described (/. R. A. #., ibid. pp. 100 and
111) four other bottle-stamps, not in the British Museum.
One belonged to Lord Talbot de Malahide, and bears the
inscription, —
^ O^^ >*' Ordered Hayydn ibn
ij fmJjZ Shureyh : quarter
hist . . . F~
ol nil measure.
Rogers was unable to identify the name, which is that
of the same governor of Egypt (a.h. 99 — 101) who issued
no. 1 of the series of glass weights in the Museum col-
lection. Another has the name of the Kdid 'Obeyd-AUah,
but the measure it represents is doubtful, and Rogers
gives no engraving by which to correct his uncertain read-
ing of the inscription : —
sJ\j ai | jAS 2LLSL* | *JJ| ju** | j^UUt j*\ aJUt j^.
A third stamp, belonging to the Rogers' collection, is in-
scribed,—
In God's name
ordered the Ameer
Mohammad ibn Bishr (?)
Half kist
Full measure.
XXIV INTRODUCTION.
And a fourth, belonging to Yakub Pasha Artin, reads, —
j*\ I** Of those ordered
dJJt jtg-*£ 4/ by 'Obeyd Allah
^Ui^fcJ) t>* ibn ElrHabhab.
Ij *- * hist. Full
u5 measure.
The Department of Mediaeval Antiquities possesses a series
of copper stamps analogous to the glass bottle-stamps,
but these do not come within the scope of the present
Catalogue, Several of them bear the names of the ' Abbdsee
Khaleefehs El-Mo'temid, El-Mo'tadid, and El-Muktedir,
ranging from a.h. 256 to a.h. 320 (a.d. 870—932), to-
gether with the names of the Benee Abee-Dulaf of Karaj,
Isfahan, &c. ; viz., \Abd-el-'Azeez, Dulaf, Ahmad, and
'Omar, all ruling between 240 and 290 a.h.
In conclusion, I have specially to thank Mr. Herbert
Grueber for much useful assistance, and Monsieur Sauvaire
for some valuable notes on the Egyptian governors.
Athenaeum Club. S. Lane-Poole.
June, 1891.
PUBLISHED GLASS WEIGHTS, NOT IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
1. GOVEENOES UNDEE TEE AMAWEE KHALEEFEH3.
Osdmeh ibn-Zeyd. (See no. 2, p. 3.)
a. Half-deendr. As 2, but >J^ w£-a3
(Castiglioni, but cp. Frahn, Op. posth. p. 150).
El-Kdsim Ibn 'Obeyd-Alldh (see p. 5) : a.h. 116.
b. Third of deendr. <*J£ JU&» <uul*/ ^ U^l* aJUI >*t
5jJU <U* [?] J^, ^ ^ju ^ aJJI ju^ ov ^-ViJt
Wt. 22 grs. (CoUection of H. Sauvaire.
E. T. Eogers, Num. Ohron. xiii., p. 76, 1873.)
(Rogers reads &* instead of &* ; but El-Kasim was not
appointed to the Treasury of Egypt before a.h. 112.)
Hafs ibn EVWeleed.
Treasurer of Egypt, a.h. 124-5, 127 — a.d. 742-5.
c. Deendr.
4JUI j*~4 In GooVs name :
yi— -? 4X31 j ol God ordained hon-
j-tr+*$\ J-*b ^— * e8 fy- And ordered the Ameer
JhJ>N Oi u***- Hafs ibn El-Weleed
ji.*} JUJU AJtJxi ^e stamping of it ; wei^Atf 0/ deendr.
J* \£±i 1^* »-*b ^ M ^ weight. By the hands of Yez-
04 Ju eed ibn
Wt. 65 grs. (E. T. Rogers, J. R. A. S., x, p. 108).
d
( xxvi )
d. Third of deendr.
Same as preceding ; but lowest lines
JUlo ajk*1a/ the stamping of it : weight
\j jjj> *£JL3 of a third of deendr, full
. . . <J weight
Wt. 22 grs. (E. T. Kogers, ibid.)
2. GOVERNORS UNDER THE EARLY 'ABBASEE KHALEEFEHS.
Yezeed ibn Hdtim (see nos. 14-16): a.h. 144-152.
e. Dirhem, two-thirds of deendr.
j*\ 4JJI j#*i In, God's name. Ordered
jfi\+> CH JyJ^ jt**$l the Ameer Yezeed ibn Hdtim
4 ftp J { f * ~ weight of a dirhem :
^*k Chs*^ two thirds [of a deendr]. Full weight.
Wt. 44 grs. (Collection of H. C. Kay.
E. T. Kogers, J. R. A. 8., x, p. 106).
$fl$ ibn ('Eesd). (See no. 25g.)
/. Half-deendr.
Kound central star,
jJJ>> uuw JUtf* «d)t jr*
Eev- ft ts-t*] ^*#> C* £^ \J±i <J*
Wt. 32 grs. (E. T. Kogers, Num. Chron. xiii, p. 68, 1873).
( xxvii )
3. EARLY ANONYMOUS WEIGHTS.
g. Half-ounce.
*»3
Wt. 235 grs. Collection of H. Sauvaire,
(Rogers, Num. Chron. xiii, p. 88, 1873).
h. Deendr.
It m » V> Stamped was the d-
eendr year six
and ninety.
Wt. 65 grs. (E. T. Rogers, J. B. A. 8. 9 x, p. 107).
This is the earliest dated glass weight yet published.
i. Half-deendr.
<U> £u, iJuaJt tjub ft] *r>yo dU\ J?**
In God's name : this half was struck [?], year 100.
(Von Bergmann, Die Nominate, u.s.w. Num. Zeitsch.)
k. Half-deendr.
sJ\ 3 oUu JU£*
Weight of a half Full weight.
Wt. 33 grs. (Von Bergmann, ibid.)
I. DtrJiem.
dJJI ~*j In God's name :
J\ * * ~ Weight of
j^ *j$ a dirhem
j£& wJlJ ^>J3 weighing 13
£^£. 5 kharroobehs.
Wt. 38 grs. (E. T. Rogers, Num. Chron. xiii, p. 68, 1873).
( xxviii )
m. Fels of thirty-three kharroobehs.
TPet£&£ 0/ a fels of thirty-three kharroobehs.
Wt. 99 grs. (E. T. Rogers, J. R. A. &, x, p. 103).
n. Fels of thirty kharroobehs.
'Omar, weight of a fels of thirty kharroobehs.
Wt. 90 grs. (E. T. Rogers, /. E. A. S. 9 x, p. 104).
0. Twenty-seven kharroobehs.
Fragment. (E. T. Rogers, Num. Chron. xiii, p. 68, 1873).
4. 'ABBASEE khaleefehs.
El-Mu&tedir, a.h. 295-320 = a.d. 908-932.
p. Third of deendr.
aJUI j<r~4 In God's name.
j*\~ 5 M j*\ Ordered EUMuktedir
0*~°>*Jt J**\ Prince of the Faithful :
AJL3 J ULio Weight of a third.
sJ\$ Full weight.
Wt. 22 grs. (E. T. Rogers, /. S. A. S. 9 x, p. 109).
( xxii
TABLE
OF THE
METHOD OF TRANSLITERATION ADOPTED IN
THIS CATALOGUE.
c
>
J
J
b
t
th
3
h
hh
a
dh
r
z
a
sh
*
J» dh
t
<*
t
(7*
yj
/
—
*
J
&
J
r
>
m
o
n
*
A
3
t0
L$
J/
1 a,e I! a
1 H
€0
3- 00
l$- *y> V J- aw * *
! »
EERATA.
p. 20, no. 28 g., dele reference to PL n.
p. 63, no. 185, read C%* or i >*tf (?), 476 or 472.
p. 89, nos, 370 and 372, dele references to PL vin.
p. 97, no. 391. For ^j^La\ read C^JLaS, and translate,
I seek the protection of God the Most High.
CONTENTS.
PAGR
Editor's Preface v
Author's Introduction . vii
Published Glass Weights, not in the British Museum . xxv
Os&meh. ibn Zeyd xxv
El-Kdsim ibn 'Obeyd-Alldh .... xxv
Haff ibn El-Weleed xxv
Yezeed ibn Hatim xxvi
Salih ibn 'Eesa xxvi
Anonymous Weights xxvii
El-Muktedir xxviii
Table of Transliteration xxix
I. — Governors under the Amawee and 'Abb&see
Khaleefehs ........ 1
Note 2
1. — GOVEBHOBS UNDER THE AlCAWEE KhALEEFEHS 3
Hayydn ibn Shureyh (Egypt, a.h. 99—101) . 3
Os&mah ibn Zeyd (Egypt, 102) .... 3
'Obeyd-Alldh ibn el-Habhab (Egypt, 102—1 14) 4
ElJpLsim ibn 'Obeyd-Allah (Egypt, 112—124)
under whom Muslim ibn El-'Afee • . 5
El-£4sim ibn 'Obeyd-Allah .... 6
'Eesd ibn Abee-'Atd (Egypt, 126—132), under
whom Yezeed ibn Abee- Yezeed . . . 6
Yezeed ibn Abee-Yezeed 7
I
I
XXX11 CONTENTS.
PAGE
2. — Governors under the Early 'AerAsee
Khaleefehs 9
'Abd-El-Melik ibn Yezeed (Egypt, 133—141)
under whom Mohammad ibn 9
Nawfai ibn FuriLt (Egypt, 141—143) under
whom Ibn-Yezeed . . . .10
Tezeed ibn Hdtim (Egypt, 144—152), under
whom 'Abd-Er- Rahman ibn Yezeed . 11
*Abd-Er-Rahman ibn Yezeed . . . . 12
Mohammad ibn Sa'eed (Egypt, 152), under
whom Sa'eed ibn El-Museyyib . . . 13
El-Mohajir ibn 'Othman (Egypt, 141, &a),
under whom the Ameer . . . smr. . . 14
Isma'eel ibn Salih (Egypt, 182-3) . . . 16
Uncertain 16
Ibrdheem ibn SSlih (Egypt, 165-7) . . . 17
„ „ under whom S&lih ibn
'Ees& \ \ . 17
El-Fadl ibn §«ifc (Egypt, 136, 169), under
whom 'Asim ibn Haf§ . . • . 18
'A?im ibn Haff 18
Aboo-Ja'far Ashnas (Egypt, 223), under whom
Mohammad ibn * .19
3. — Uncertain Governors . . . . . 20
'Abd-El-'Azeez ibn ^omeyd .... 20
Ahmad ibn Jubeyr ? 20
Mohammad ibn S .21
Ja'far ibn Suleyman 22
'Alee ibn Mohammad under whom Ibraheem ? 22
•Omar 23
Mohammad 23
Uncertain 24
II.— Early Anonymous Weights 25
Two pounds 27
Half-pound , 27
Half-ounce 27
• • I
CONTENTS. XXX111
PAGE
Pels 27
* „ 33 kharroobehs 28
„ 30 keerats 28
„ 25 kharroobehs 28
29
„ 25 keerats 29
„ 2x kharroobehs ? 29
Deenar 30
Pels, 15 kharroobehs 31
Dirhem 31
Fels, 14 keerats 31
Half-deenar 31
Half-fels, 9 keerats 32
Third of deenar 32
III. — 'Abbasee Khaleefehs, without Governors' Names 33
El-Mansoor 35
El-Mahdee 35
El-Mustadee . . ' . . . 36
En-Nasir 37
IV.— Fktimee Khaleefehs 39
El-Mo'izz 41
El-'Azeez 42
El-Hakim . . . . . . .44
Edh-Dh&hir 53
El-Mustan$ir 61
El-Musta'lee 70
El-Amir 72
El-Hafidh 75
Edh-Dhafir 77
El-Faiz 78
El-'Adid 79
e
\.
XXXIV
CONTENTS.
V. — Later Issues
of the period of the Memlook Sultans, &c
'Alee Esh-Shuweykh
'Alfce El-Misree
'Alee Ed-Da'ee .
Mohammad El-'Oodee ?
Mohammad El-Baba
■
El-Baba .
Baba .
'Omar
Ahmad .
Uncertain .
Hasan
Ramadan ?
Ya'lpob
Ei-Jemalee
Mohammad .
'Abd-AUah 'Omar .
El-Fakeeh 'Omar .
El-Musharraf. .
Ahmad . . .
Faraj? . * .
Mohammad .
Aboo-Bekr V. . ..
El-Mes'oodee A^mad
Shaheen Girai ..• ;•* .
Mohammad ibn Shaheen
VI. — Without Names
VII.— With Devices only .
* i.
Appendix — Bottle Stamps . ,,.
'Abd-el-Melik ibn Marwaft
'Obeyd- Allah ibn El-Habhab
'Eesa ibn Abee-'At&
Hoseyn ibn 'Alee
PAGB
81
83
84
84
85
86
87
87
88
88
88
89
89
89
90
90
91
91
91
92
92
92.
93;
93
93
94
95
99
105
107
108
108
109
CONTENTS. XXXV
PAGE
Indexes : —
Years 113
Persons . 114
Denominations . . . . 120
Miscellaneous 122
Table for converting English inches into milli-
metres and into the measures of Mionnet's
scale 125
Table of the relative weights of English grains
and French grammes 126
I -GOVERNORS UNDER THE
AMAWEE AND 'ABBASEE
KHALEEFEHS.
B
NOTE.
When the nature of the Arabic inscriptions is sufficiently
indicated by the name, etc., set forth in the heading, no de-
tailed translation is given, in accordance with the system
adopted in the Catalogue of Oriental Coins ; but in the case
of the inscriptions on the glass weights of the early Governors,
where some metrological data, interesting to others besides
Arabic scholars, are found, literal translations are added. Most
of the weights are stamped on only one side : in this case the
words obv. and rev. are omitted. The colour of the glass is
given approximately, as the shades are too numerous to, be
individualized, and the attempt to distinguish them would
rarely convey the same impression to two minds. They are
always understood to be transparent except when stated to be
opaque. The inscriptions are generally in a circular depres-
sion; when otherwise the form of the depression is stated.
G. C. indicates that the specimen belongs to the Glass Collec-
tion in the Department of Mediaeval Antiquities, and not to
the Department of Coins.
1-GOVERNORS UNDER THE
' AMAWEE KHALEEFEHS.
HAYYAN IBN SHUREYH.
• •
Treasurer of Egypt, a.h. 99— 101=a.d. 717—719.
DEBNAE.
1.
*
oW*>*s
Ordered Hay y an
£-*& sJ-4
ibn Shursgh.
&> J^
Weight of deendr.
wMj
Full weight.
PI. I. Green, 1-15, Wfc. G5
OSAMAH IBN ZEYD.
Governor of Egypt, a.h. 102*=a.d. 720.
HALF-DEENAR.
2.
A j—*\ Ordered Osd-
Joj ^jj <U meh ibn Zeyd
«JLa3 sj}**i for the weighing of half
olj j-Z-£> cl deendr* Full weight.
PL I. Green, -85, Wt, 33
* So Ibn-el-Atheer, v. 77: but not WUstonfeld.
GOVERNORS UNDEE THE
OBEYD-ALLAH IBN EL-HABHAB.*
Treasurer of Egypt, a.h. 102— 114 = a.d. 720—732.
FELS.
Year 110.
3.
4JU1 jo^Xj In Ood^s name;
aJIJt ju*ft y*\\ Ordered ' Obey d- Allah.
^J* J LaJLo Weight of/eh.
L w Year ten
&>U a hundred.
PL I. Green, '95, Wt. 58
THIRD OF DEENAR.
3o.
aJDI ^ In God's name :
\ J u «-»,fi j~*\ Ordered 'Obeyd-A-
U^aJl ^l aJD llah ibn El-Habhd-
%£JI5 JULU v &. Wefcfa o/ a third.
Otj FwZZ weight.
G. C. Green, *8, Wt. 22
*
See bottle stamps in Appendix.
AMAWEE KHALEEFEH8. 5
EL-KASIM IBN OBEYD-ALLAH.
Treasurer of Egypt, a.h. 112— 121 = ad. 730—741.
(UNDER WHOM MUSLIM IBN EL-'AFEE.)
FELS: THIRTY KHARROOBEHS.
Year 119.
4.
\ 4JLH JT-+-4 tn God's name :
God commands honesty ;
and the stamping of it ordered
[as] the weight of a fels of thirty
kharroobehs M-Kdsim
^ju ^ip aJUt ju*g ^ ibn ' Obeyd-Alldh ; by the hands
* • h O— ^ ^qJLmwo of Muslim ibn El- A-
• " * r O /e£ ; year «me-
SjJLg teen awe? ewe hund-
* red.
PI. I. Green, 1-3, Wt. 90
6 GOVERNORS UNDER 1HK
EL-KASIM IBN OBEYD-ALLAH.
GREAT FELS: THIRTY KHARROOBEHS.
Year 119.
5.
aJUI jp-t In God's name :
I A-t j-a\ L+-« 0/ wAatf ordered E-
j>s-»fc v>V >*"UU l-Kasim ibn 'Obeyd-
^J* JU£* aJUI 47fcto; u^fa o//efc,
/^ O**^ j**^* ^ e #rea£, of thirty khar-
1$ £-^j roobehs. Full
wJ leeighL
m
PI. I. Green, 13, Wt. 90
EESA IBN ABEE-'ATA.'
Treasurer of Egypt, a.h. 125—127, 128— 132, = a.d. 743—
745, 745-749.
(UNDER WHOM YEZEED IBN ABEE-YEZEED.)
D1RHEM.
G.
I aJUI jr-4 In God 1 s name :
\$ U^JLj aJUI j-o God commands honesty : and
ILp ^yl ^ ^5*-** >* 'Eesd ibn Alee-Afd ordered
4*j) JLaJLo a -ju^-I x .^ Me stamping of it: weight of a
dirhern \
^ O* *i)± i£** L5^ ty ^ ie hands of Tezeed ibn Abee-
jkjjj Yezeed.
PL I. Green, 1-0, Wt. 44
* Soo bottlo stamps in Appondix.
AMAWEE KHALEEFEHS.
HALF-DEENAR.
(sic) aJJI jp*i In GocFs name :
V5*' £>* ^5*-^ j*\ Ordered *Eesd ibn Abee-
J2 A it ; hjt Ux-p 'Atd the stamping of it : the weight
^<U j-J > \Jl*cj & of half a deendr ; by
**ife {£**£ th e hands of Yezeed ibn
J*i}j ^jj\ Abee- Yezeed. .
Green, -9, Wt. 33
YEZEED IBN ABEE-YEZEED.
PELS: TWENTY KEERATS.
7.
Ordered Yezeed
j^jjj ^\ ^ ibn Abee- Yezeed.
vJ& JULLo Weight of a f els
of twenty keerd-
ts.
PI. I. Green, 105, Wt. 56
8 GOVEBNOBS UNDER THE AMAWEE KIIALEEFEIIS.
HALF-DEENAR.
8.
^-j> Ju-jJ^ j-a\ Ordwed Yezeed ibn
(?) OJ3 * J^Jj-i i^' Abee- Yezeed. Weight
sJ\$ c* <i » of a half. Full weight.
Green, -85, Wt. 33
HALF-DEENitR.
9.
4—JLH ^mj In God! 8 name :
^$Jb aJJI j*\ God commands honesty.
\ 5 f o *■*.* h..» Stamped , weight
• •
^ j*j>}j ^jlj <7*e /^awcfe 0/ Yezeed ibn
(sic) Jujj-j I A[bee]- Yezeed.
PL I. Green, -85, Wt. 33
( 9 )
2.-G0VERN0RS UNDER THE
EARLY 'ABBASEE KHALEEFEHS.
>^» — >,•»"- *^ <"V«"*V* *"* f* ^vr» »">»'"N*'"X*' , V^*^*ji' » *Sm
'ABD-EL-MEL1K 1BN YEZEED
Governor of Egypt, a.h. 133—6 and 137—141 = a,d. 751-
753 and 754—758.
(UNDER WHOM MOHAMMAD IBN
.)
DEENXR.
10.
Obv.
I JL
In Qod's name ;
Ordered 'Abd-e
l-Melik ibn Yezeed
for the weight of a deendr.
Full weight.
Bev, In centre, <uuJe> struck
? i)*£> accurate.
Margin inverted, . . 2^*0 ^ ju»a~<
By the hands of Mohammad ibn .
\J+i <J*
PI. I. Green, 115, Wt. GG
c
10
GOVEBNOBS UNDER THE
D I E H E M.
11.
Obv. within square,
I out
3 J* h> J
A I 4
O)
*t3J±>
In God's name :
Ordered 'Abd-El-Melik
ibn Yezeedfor the weight
of a dirhem ; weight
of thirteen
kharroobehs.
PI. I. Green, 9, Wt. 38
NAWFAL IBN FURAT.
Treasurer of Egypt, a.h. 141 — 143 = a.d. 758 — 760.
(UNDER WHOM IBN YEZEED.)
FELS : NINETEEN KHARROOBEHS,
12.
(sic) i^ftJL* I
(sic) Zj£&3
Ordered Nawfal ibn
Furdt the stamping of it ;
' weight of f els
of nineteen
kharroobehs.
PL I. Green, 1-35, Wt. 82
EARLY 'aBBIsEE KHALEEFEHS. 11
HALF-DEENAR.
13.
Obv. J^—Syj j-*\ Ordered Nawfal
w>|>_9 sj^f ibn Furdt
<< » i h / the stamping:
j JUlU weight of half
wi\j j '» *> a deenar. Full weight.
Rev. Centre, ajuL> Stamped
J««lfb accurate.
Margin, juj^ ^ >> z&ra Jezeerf.
PI. I. Green, 9, Wt. 33
YEZEED IBN HATIM.
Governor of Egypt, a.h. 144—152 = a.d. 761—769.
(UNDER WHOM 'ABD ER-RAHMAN IBN YEZEED.)
Interim Governor of Egypt, a.h. 147 = a. d. 764.
D E E N k R.
14, 15.
m
Obv. aJU) j* ... j In God' 8 name :
j— g— **)\ j ** Ordered the Ameer
j*-*\^ £tf J^J-i Yezeed ibn Hdtim.
j-i— i* jJL&JLo Weight of deenar.
Rev. Centre, a**!* Stamped
accurate.
Margin, jjiJj o-i O-W* *.[**] ^^j ^
By the hands of 'Abd-er- Rahman ibn Yezeed.
PL I. Green, 1-2, Wt. 66
Green, 1-15, Wt. 66
12
GOVERNORS UNDER THE
THIRD OF DEEXAB.
16, 17.
Same as 14 : but wJU JULto Weight of third.
wilj JPull weight.
PL I. Green, '75, Wt. 22
Green, -75, Wt. 22
^V*r\^v. «w-^*»
ABD-ER-RAHMAN IBN YEZEED.
SIXTH OF OUNCE.
18.
Obv. Witbin square,
d*»%X«
*-*J
Swrfft
0/ ownce.
Rev. Centre,
j-
Stamped
accurate.
Margin, **j>j ^ ^H^jJI j^ ^ju ^^A*
ity Me Aff/itfc of ' Abd-er- Rahman ibn Yezeed.
PL II. G. C. Green, 1*2, Wt. 96
\.s\*\ s*^\ ** 'v^vy
EARLY 'aBBAsEE KHALEEFEHS. 13
MOHAMMAD IBN SA'EED.
(UNDER WHOM SA'EED IBN EL-MUSEYYIB.)
Governor of Egypt, a.h. 152=a.d. 769.
DEENAR.
19.
Obv.
A \ W
In God's name •
ordered the Ameer
***** CH *******
Mohammad ibn Sa'eed.
jj^ JLLLo
Weight of deendr.
Rev.
Centre, <*.-*. ..»Jp
Stamped
£Hj*+i
by weight.
Margin, > mf » t ~+)\ £# J*ju> ^jj>j ^c> aJJI^**^
In God; 8 name : by the hands of Sa'eed ibn JEl-Museyyib.
PL II. Green (metallic lustre), 1-1, Wt. 65
( 14 )
UNDER THE KHALEEFEH
EL-MAHDEE.
a.h. 158— 169=a.d. 775—785.
EL-MOHAJIR [IBN 'OTHMANL
Chief of the body-guard of Mohammad ibn El-Ash'ath,
Governor of Egypt in a.h. 141*=a.d. 758.
(UNDER WHOM THE AMEER .... SMR.)
HALF-DEENlR.
20.
Obv. d_LJI jt-t v - * In God's name :
j-~ol ^jLy^JI El-Mahdee, Prince
V&* £*~*^ of the Faithful Weight
j uL- g uJ J of half [deendr]. Full
ol weight.
Key. Centre, t xj*~+-h stamped it
!*]lA<J El Mohdjir.
*
• sfe •
Margin, j+~» j^s)\ ,jj* ^kc
By the hands of the Ameer smr.
PI. II. Green, -85, Wt. 33
* It is not stated in the histories whether El-Mohajir was confirmed
in office by El-Mahdce, but these weights prove that he was in authority
under that Khaleefoh.
GOVERNOES UNDER THE KHALEEFEH EL-MAHDEE. 15
THIRD OF DEENlR.
21.
Obv. a-JLJI ^-^-j In God's name :
I ^j^y^JI j*c\ Ordered ELMahdee,
^>*JLo£*)1 j-ts-* Prince of the Faithful.
J JULL4 Weight of a third [deendr],
wilj Full weight.
Kev. Centre, I d-x-*-b Stamped [by]
lAj El-Mohajir.
Margin, >*~ . / Jl ^j ^^
ify /^e hands of the *wr.
Green, -75, Wt. 22
22.
As 21 : reverse obliterated.
Green, -75, Wt. 22
yv^\yxyv
16
GOYEBNOBS UNDER THE
ISMA'EEL [IBN SALIH],
Mohtesib of Misr under El-Mahdee, afterwards Governor of
Egypt, a.h. 182,3=a.d. 798,9.
Obv.
DEBNaB.
23.
I 4JUt
*J aJUI *JLc\
^3
In G01V8 name : • Ordered
El-Mahdee Moframtnad,
Prince of the Faithful.
{God preserve him /)
Weight of a deendr.
Full weight.
Rev. Margin, J**«-J j^^l ^Ju ^J* 4JUt
In God's name : by the hands of the Ameer Isma'eel.
Centre, 2_JL_* Full [weight].
• •
PI. If. Green, 11, Wt. 66
Margin obscure.
UNCERTAIN.
DEBNAB.
24, 24a.
Same as 23.
Green; 1 05, Wt. 66
G. C. Green, 1-1, Wt. 66
KHALEEFEH EL-MAHDEE. 17
IBRAHEEM IBN SALIH.
Governor of Egypt, a.h. 165 — 7=a.d. 781—784.
HALF-DEENlR.
25.
Obv. d 11 Jl ^^ In GooVb name :
j-a-«l j^jiy^JI El-Mahdee, Prince
V^* O*^^ 1 of the Faithful Weight
j oL.rft. V J o/a half [deendr]. Full
wil iceight.
Margin, . . j^j^
Ibrdheem . . .
Eev. Centre, 1 *n Sd-
lik.
PI. II. Green, -85, Wt. 33
(UNDER WHOM SALIH IBN 'EESA.)
POUND.
25g.
j*-*©^l *-4 J-+I I-*-* 0/ wAatf ordered the Ameer
I ;*JLo ^>-^ >fd-AHt Ibrdheem ibn Sdlih : or-
. . . JJ*j J U LJ L o j»^ cfer^d [as] weight of a pound. . .
[^ ^]^ l£**^ ^ c ty ^ Aawafe of §d[lih ibn]
^j**** 'Eesa.
G. C. Brown. Originally in form of square with hole in
centre, but broken. Wt. 3240
18 Q0TBSK0E8 UNDIES THB
EL-FADL IBN SAL I H.
• • •
Interim Governor of Egypt, a.h. 136=a.d. 753;
Governor, a.u. 169=a.d. 785.
(UNDER WHOM 'ASIM IBN HAFS.)
DEENXB.
26.
Obv. *j)t d-t ja\ L*-* Of what ordered the A-
ijmj J>« ^J Ut jqa meer El-Fadl ion
aJDt <Uj£»t «Jl* Sdlih (God honour him /)
sJ\$ j+j> JULU Weight of a deendr. Full weight.
Rev. Margin, £# j„o\* ^j ju ^^U By the hands of 'Asim ibn
Centre, ^/aa*. %?<$*•
*
PL II. Yellow, 1-1, Wt. 66
'ASIM IBN HAFS.
HALF-DEBNAB.
27.
Obv. A-JUt jv~—i In God* s name:
Uuoj JUit Weight of half •
sJ\$ j-L-i* deendr. Full weight.
*
Rev. Margin, ^ >**l* l£^ ^J* By the hands of 'Asim ibn
Centre, uaJu*. Hafs.
• •
(partly obliterated).
PL. II. Green, 85, Wt. 33
EARLY 'ABBASEE KHALEEFEHS. 19
ABOO-JA'FAR ASHNAS.
Governor of Egypt, a.h. 219— 230=a*d. 834— 844.
(UNDER WHOM MOHAMMAD IBN...)
27g.
HALF-OUNOE.
Tear 223.
**t jt**$t *i J*\ W-* Of what ordered the Ameer Aboo-
tJy* ^UJ^I jJuju*. Ja'far Ashnds, servant
cj&\ v ^JLe^ J! j-g-ftt °f M e Prince of the Faithful, aug-
ment him
j**^l l£t*4 ^5^ *^ God; by the hands of the Ameer
y^\ >Liu^ CH *>«■»• Mohammad ibn Aboo-
yj\ j^wol iJ** j^^3 servantof the Prince of the Faith-
ful : in the year three and twen-
2g?3 ULfiu 0*3Uj v>4 ^ ^^ ^00 hundred. Half an ounce,
G. C. PI. II Green, 2-05, Wt. 525
***"*•. •
( 20 )
3-UNCERTAIN GOVERNORS.
ABD-EL-'AZEEZ IBN HOMEY D
HALF-DIRHEM.
28.
44 j~*\ [U]* Of what ordered
CH iijdl J** 'Abd-el-Azeez ibn .
tJuoJ J^t*"** Homeyd. Half-
^oAp dirhem.
(blundered.)
PI. IL Yellow, *75, Wt. 19
^ /■* Sy^s* r\ S\S\ / v/ * /~\ /"\ />/"*/■ » • * /V^ /"\ /*V' >«*
AH MAD IBN (J U BEYRP).
QUARTER-POUND.
28a.
•>)! di^j j-a\ I** 0/ wAa£ ordered theA~
i>j »x*^t j^^o meer Afymad ibn
j %~ij j-*-*-*' Jubeyr (?) : quarter
wilj JJs pound. Full weight
PL II. Gh C. Green, 2-4, Wi 1144
UNCERTAIN GOVERNORS. 21
DIRHEM.
29.
Of what ordered the A-
meer Ahmad ibn Jvr
beyr (P) : Weight of a dir-
hem. Full weight.
PL II. Green, *95, Wt. 46
MOHAMMAD I BN S....
HALF-DEE NAR.
Misr.
30.
Obv. d_JL_)t ~~^ In GocCs name :
I >— e-*t j_«t Ordered the Prince of
JU2* fj.yAy,* ) the Faithful. Weight
*J\j i_* ofhalf[deendr~\. Full weight
Bey. Centre, j ni o 4ft?r»
Margin, ~*» £tf >«fc.* Mohammad ibn S. . . .
Green, *8, Wt. 83
22 UNCERTAIN GOVERNOBS.
JA'FAR IBN SULEYMAN.
80a.
^ *i»W v^
In God
«*■* 0*J***
»
Ja'far ibn Suleymdn
•
trusts.
PL
II.
G. 0. Blue, 1*55, Wt.
171
'ALEE IBN MOHAMMAD
(UNDER WHOM IBRAHEEM P)
[POUNDP]
30q.
I * o Of what ordered
i **$ x a-4 the Ameer
&4 ^jte 'Alee ibn Mohammad,
M • r - 1 God preserve
^jJL* *J\$ 4-^ him. Full weight. By
S^t-t-fcjtft i£«*-4 the hands of Ibraheem t
G. 0* Opaque Green coated with yellow, 3*45, Wt. 5850
(a small portion broken off.)
UNCERTAIN GOVEBNOBS. 28
•OMAR.
TII1ETY-TWO KHAEEOOBEHS.
31, 32.
'Omar.
Ot^3 0*^1 Two and thirty
<Lt2j±> kharrodbehs.
Green, 1-25, Wt. 96
PI. II. Green, 1-25, Wt. 96
MOHAM MAD.
DIEHEM: THIETEEN EHAEEOOBEHS.
33.
In God?8 name :
1 1 ja\ Ordered Mohammad.
j**J> Jl*-** Weight of dirhem
*- aJUlJ of thirteen Jcharr-
ot^ 3 ;^ oobehs. Full weight.
Green, -95, Wt. 41
24 UNCERTAIN GOVFBNOES.
[halp-dbbnXe.]
34.
Obv. As 20 : but JUJU in one line.
Bev. Centre, S +\*+. * Mohammad?
Around, illegible inscription.
Straw, -9, Wt. 33
34a.
Mohammad.
G. C. Brown, 1-25, Wt. 115
U NCERTAI N.
34k.
A.H. 0CX$.
Within square,
al— - Jt ^^— ~_-> In God' 8 name
{£ $ ■< » . ?
ft ■ «•" * ; if Tear rtzne.
G. C. Green, metallic lustre, 1*45, Wt. Ill
II -EARLY ANONYMOUS
WEIGHTS.
( 27 )
ll.-EARLY ANONYMOUS
WEIGHTS.
TWO POUNDS.
34q.
v ^XJ»j Two pounds.
*
G. C. Green, originally in form of square with hole
in centre, but broken, Wt. 5670
HALF-POUND.
34t.
Half
? j pound
j* t « ■ *» great-
G C. Green, a rough square block, chipped, 17, Wt. 1200
HALF-OUNCE.
85.
Within square, ubaui Half
*_9} ounce.
PL III. Green, 1-5, Wt. 244
35d.
FEL8
JL-i.-l + Weight
^ l * offeh.
Green, 1-35, Wt.lll
28 EA.RLY ANONYMOUS WEIOHT8.
FELS: THIRTY-THREE KHARROOBEHS.
36.
aJLM ~~-j In God's name:
^Jl* JUJU Weight of feU of
&~Xj aJj^j three and thirty
&^2/6. kharroobehs.
Green, 1*15, Wt. 89
FELS : THIRTY-TWO KHARROOBEHS.
37, 37o.
Within square,
JUJLo Weight
^Jl u-JLi of fels of tico
^-^JLJLjj and thirty kharr-
2l^j oobehs.
' PI. Ill* Green, 1-25, Wt. 97
G. C. „ 1-25, Wt. 97
FELS: THIRTY KEERATS.
38.
JUL) I JUJLo Weight of the f el-
je* £h&* v~ * °f thirty keer-
\J\j i*\ dt$. Full weight.
(Inscription reversed.)
PI. III. Green, 15, Wt. 79
FELS : TWENTY-FIVE KHARROOBEHS.
39, 39g.
^JL* JUJU Weight of fels :
jJLf^ U m,q ck of five and ttcen-
2~y^.i» O— * ty kharroobehs.
Fragment. Opaque Black, 1*15
EABLY ANONYMOUS WEIGHTS. 29
FELS.
40,
40g.
JUJL*
Weight
u— JU*
of fete.
sJ\ 3
Full weight.
Green, 1*25, Wt. 90
G. C. „ 1*2, Wt. 89
FELS: TWENTY-FIVE KEERATS.
41, 42.
L ^JLi JUS* Weight of f els :
&J2 tJlj full weight ; weight
j-isj &**»&. of five and twen-
b j i* Oi ty keerdto.
PI. III. Green, 115, Wt. 76
„ 115, Wt. 76
FELS : TWENTY-^ KHAREOOBEHS P
43.
aJUI^-^[^ In God* 8 name :
vJJ> JULU Weight of f els
j£* 3 . . . . ... and twen-
Fragment. Green, 11
FELS: TWENTY KHARROOBEHS.
44.
^^-JL-i Fete of
sj.~>j£& twenty
kharroobehs.
PL III. Green, 1 05, Wt. 63
.
•» *
EARLY ANONTMOrS WBrOQTB.
2!)
FE LB.
40, 40g.
JUJL«
Weight
^,-i-J
offtls.
Ub
Full rrcigiil.
Green,
[■25,
Wt.
90
g. e.
12,
Wt
8U
FEL9 : TWENTY-FIVE KEEIIATS.
«,
42.
w-u JU£«
H'e/^f of /els:
Ojj 'J'j
/all weight ; weight
jie^ i~*i-
c/flve and fwen.
V>— ^ i*
ty keerdfi.
PI. III. Green,
MB
m
76
»
115
Wt
70
FELS : TWESTT-a
KHARROOBEHS
4.
.
aJJI„_[^
In God's name :
^JJ JUJU
JTeight offeU
J^* 5 • ■ ■ ■
. , . and /wen-
n>>j»j
m ■■■■
Fragment
G
em,
11
FELS: TW-ESTJj
J^UIiltuuLitfllS,
«
W
63
30 EARLY ANONYMOUS WEIGHTS.
DEENAR.
45.
Weight
l* of deendr.
uitj Full weight.
Green, -95, Wt. 68
DEBNAR.
46.
j+*~-* In God!s name :
AJl ^jj God is my Lord.
jL*Lj>> Deendr.
PL III. Green, -95, Wt. 65
[DEENAR.]
47.
In the name
it of God.
Measure
<OJ1 of God.
PL III. Green, 9, Wt. 65
[DEENAR.]
48.
How good
Jf £ *j H a companion [is
PL III. Opaque Black, *9, Wt. 67
EAttLY ANONYMOUS WEIGHTS. 31
FELS: FIFTEEN KHARROOBEHS.
49.
\^XJ
JULLo Weight of f els
& ^
u ,m ,<,,>■ of fifteen
}j—±> 5 kharroobehs.
PL III. Green, 10 Wt. 49
50.
Same as 48.
Green, -9, Wt. 47
DIRHEM.
51.
Within square,
^Jbj> Dirhem
measure. 9
PI. III. Green, -95, Wt. 45
PELS: FOURTEEN KEER&TS.
52.
^M JUO Weight of feU:
3jujI *-3l[^ full weight : four-
J»tj*J >[-^c- feew keerdti.
PL III. Opaque Black, 9, Wt. 37
half-deenAr.
53.
In centre, star surrounded by dots.
Margin, j^j> UuaJ JUJU aJUI >0 -^
In God's name : weight of half a deendr.
PL IIL Green, -9, Wt. 33
* I.e., weight. The verb Jl^» is used for the weighing of coins.
(Kamoos.)
32
EARLY AK0irrM0TT8 WEIGHTS.
[HALF-DEEN&R.]
54.
dJUt aJU
To God: God is.
To God : One.
Green, *8, Wt. 33
4X*m3
HALF-FELS: NINE KEEEATS.
55, 55a.
Weight
of half a fels.
• A
Oi)
i)j>
Weight of nine
heerdts.
PL III. Green, «9, Wt. 27
G. C.
»
•9, Wt. 27
[THIRD OF DEENAR.]
56.
* * *
God is my Lord.
Green, G5 9 Wt. 22
56d.
Same as 47.
Green, 75, Wt. 22
ill— 'ABBASEE KHALEEFEHS
WITHOUT GOVERNORS' NAMES.
( 35 )
'ABBASEE KHALEEFEHS.
II.-'ABD-ALLAH EL-MANSOOR
a.h. 136— 158 = a.d. 753—775.
D E E N A R.
57.
*4j-\ u-
0/ wZ/aJ ordered
Juft <UL)I Juft
the servant of God y Abd-
^1 ^1 4JU1
Allah, Prince of the Faith-
^J %^fc^^r ^^^tj^*^^
ful. Weight of d-
^ >^
eendr. Full weight.
PL III. Green, 165, Wt. 218
III. EL-MAHDEE BI-LLAH
A.u. 158— 169=a.d. 775—785.
57*.
[DEBNXR]
*
A aJUI *
Green, 105, Wt. 61
36 'abbXsee khalkefehs.
XXXIII.-EL-MUSTADEE BI-AMRI-LLAH.
a.u. 566-— 575 = a.d. 1170—1180.
>>
it >»
[DOUBLE DIRHEM.]
58, 58a, 59, 59g,
aJUI
^1 •}!
PL III. Opaque White, M, Wt.*88
„ 1-0, Wt. 89
•95, Wt. 76
G. C. „ 1-03, Wt. 93
60.
Same as 58, apparently, bat imperfectly run.
Opaque Turquoise Blue, 10, Wt..93
61—63.
[DIRHEM.1
Same as 58.
Opaque White, -9, Wt. 44
„ Green, -8, Wt. 46
64.
Same as 58, omitting joU^U
Opaque White, \S, Wt. 46
"*_^-*^N *- ^N ^XJC
'abbXsee khaleefehs. 37
XXXIV.-EN-NASIR LI-DEENI-LLAH
a.h. 575— 622 = a.d. 1180—1225.
65, 66.
[DOUBLE DIRHEAt]
(sic) <0 ^jjJ
Green, 11, Wt. 94
„ 105, Wt. 89
67.
•3H
UJt
Opaque Green, 1*0, Wt. 93
68.
LD 1 R II E M.]
As 65.
Green, -85, Wt. 46
69.
(sic) yc\j J6\m+*i\
Opaque Green, 9, Wt. 46
38 'aBBAsEE KIIALEEEEH8.
70.
4JUI
J>\ i^l
PJ. III. Opaque White, -8, Wt.
71.
II
?>-* j*
Opaque White, -85, Wt. 47
IV.-FATIMEE KHALEEFEHS
. ( 41 )
IV-FATIMEE KHALEEFEHS
IV.-EL-MO'IZZ MA'ADD
a.h. 841— 365=a.d. 932—975.
[DEENAR]
72.
El-Man sooreey eh.
Outer margin, j&U^I j^ #\ ja* <UJt juft <U y>\ aU\ j***
Inner margin, Aj;^u^)b dJJt ^>jaJ >**H
Centre, . . •
PI. IV. Green, l'l, Wt. 62
[DIRHEM.]
73,
Margin, aJUt ^jJ j**M^U^t
Centre, point.
PL IV. Green, -9, Wt. 45
[QUARTER-DEENlR.]
74.
Same as 73 : no point.
Purple, 7, Wt. 15
r\ , v * \_- v./*\y \J\'\J VX'"V/*\yv/ *
o
42 fatimee khaleefehs.
V.-EL-'AZEEZ NEZAR
a.h. 365— 386 = a.d. 975—996.
[DOUBLE DEENlR.]
75.
Centre, Jj> e
Margin, Cxr*yJ* J#A *^W j*j*M J^**^
PL IV. Green, with metallic lustre, 1*3, Wt. 121
[DOUBLE DIRHEMJ
76.
Within octagon, jt\A*$\
PI. IV. Yellow, 11, Wt. 91
77.
j!i
PL IV. Blue, 1-05, Wt. 88
[DEENXR.]
78.
II
PL IV. Green, 11, Wt. 65
fItimee khaleefehs. 43
[HALF-DIRHBM.]
79.
Same as 77, but within square.
PI. IV. Green, 7, Wt. 22
80.
jA — oNjt
J iJ*J«
Green, '65, Wt. 22
81.
*JU[W]
Fragment. Green, -6
82.
Green, 45, Wt. 4
[HALF-DIRHEM.]
83.
Apparently same as 82 : but obscure.
Opaque Black, 55, Wt. 22
k r\ **• s~\^s\y v /%» ' ^^r\.f\s \yv/> /"\ / \ * \ * \ / * /\ *\s\„s^<. r
44 fatimfe khaleefehs.
VI. -EL-HAKIM EL-MANSOOR
a.h. 38G— m=A.D. 996—1020.
[DEENAR.]
84, 85.
Year 403.
Obv. aJUI ^1 dJ\ ^
T/iere *s wo God but God :
4X)t Jyy ++a~*
Mohammad is the Apostle of God,
4JJ1 ^ J*
9 Alee is the Friend of God.
Kev. ' ^AloJI »U^I
The Imam ETrH&Mm
>e _ol aJUt ^
bi-amri-ttdhj Prince
U-* Or*3 o H
of the Faithful. Of what
*-^Lr* J-*
was made in the year
Ajlo JU^jt^ wJU
three dndfour hundred.
'J**-*
Just.
PI. IV. Green, 11, Wt. 65
Yellow, 1-1, Wt. 63
•
86.
•
Year 403.
As 84 : but obv. arranged as far as .Jj In circular margin,
with dJUt in centre.
Green, 1-1, Wt. 61
fAtimee kiialeefehs. 45
87.
Year 404.
As 84 : but last lines of rev.,
Jo*
Green, 10, Wt. 61
88.
Year 406.
Brown, coated with opaque yellow paste, '95, Wt. 58
89.
(With name of 'Omar.)
Year 407.
Obv. As 84 :
beneath,
llev. j-*Lj ^t^loJt ^ftU^t Jjs,
Xam) AaW L5^ ^■^■■ ft VwQ.iO
PI. IV. Green, metallic lustre, 1*1, Wt. 65
46 FlTIfcfEE EHALEEFEHS.
90—93.
Year 409.
Obv. Centre, >*^UJt j*U^t
^fiJU^JI j**t AMI j*0
Margin, aJIM J^w, J^m^c 4 4bp ^ *J^j dXi\ ^t <0t ^
4)1 J 3 ^
Rev.
PI. IV. Chipped. Green, 105, Wt. 65
„ 105, Wt. 65
Yellow, 105, Wt. 66
„ 11, Wt. 66
[DOUBLE-DIRHEM.]
94, 95.
Obv. Centre, J«**
Margin, <OM ^ ^ aU\ Jy^j ***** <d)l ^1 *Jt ^
Rev. Centre, Star.
Margin, ooyft ^33 aJJt j-©l^ ^^UJI
PI. IV. Green, 1-05, Wt. 92
„ 105, Wt. 91
fAtimek khaleefehs. 47
Obv.
Rev.
Obv.
Rev.
Obv.
Rev.
96, 97.
As 84.
an j*\j ,*£>uji
*J k ft ^33
PI. IV.
Green, 1-1, Wt. 91
„ 1-05, Wt. 92
98.
As 96.
rr ^ It
dJJ\ j~«Lj
Jj*
PI. IV.
Green, 1-1, Wt. 92
98g.
rr ^— M
/
dJJ\ j^Lj
G. C.
Green, 1-05, Wt. 90
99, 99a.
Inscr. obliterated.
*
^&>UJI »U^t
kJ33 *M >*V
• • •
Green, 1-05, Wt. 92
G. C. Brown, TO, Wt. 92
100.
Centre, ^ }....,». My sufficiency
A_XJ1 is God.
Margin, O*"**^ J#* s *Ul yk >©^^1 ^U^t
Blue, 105, Wt. 92
48 fatimee khaleefehs.
101.
j> £>WJ1
Green, l'O, Wt. 87
[DEBNAR.]
102.
PI. V. Purple, 11, Wt. 65
103.
In centre, j*£=>\ ■» M El-Hakim
j^.^.i.q It El-Mansoor
Margin, aJUI ^l* ^UJt <0)W J5 -a^t »U^t
PI. V. Green, 11, Wt 66
104.
In centre, J9 £a\j>^\
4JJI j+\j
Margin obscure.
PL V. Green, 1-1, Wt. 65
105.
Similar to 104.
Fragment. Green, *75
fAtimee kualeefehs. 40
[DIRHE1L]
106—113.
Obv. As 84.
Kev. ^S>U^JI >U^I
(Obv. nearly obliterated on some specimens.)
Green, -85, Wt. 42
Green, with metallic lustre, *85, Wt. 44
Green, -85, Wt. 44
„ -83, Wt. 45
„ '8, Wt. 41
„ -85, Wt. 46
„ 9, Wt. 45
Green, coated with opaque brown paste, '85, Wt. 43
114.
Obv. In centre, J»*c
Margin, *Ul ,J 3 ^ [4JUI Jy*j j^o^c dJUl] *$) aM *$
Kev. aJUI y\> ^UJt
*■*—■! * ^J33
Green, -9, Wt. 47
115, 116.
Obv. As 1 14.
Kev. In centre, ®
Margin, dj^ ^33 AJJt y^i ^^&UJI
PL V. Green, 9, Wt. 4(i
Green, coated with brown paste, 85, Wt. 45
n
50 fAtIMEE KHALEEFEH8
117.
Obv. As 84.
Rev. xr-£>la-H
Green, -85, Wt. 46
118—120,
Green, -9, Wt. 45
„ -85, Wt. 40
Purple, -86, Wt. 45
121.
As 118 : star beneath inscription.
Yellow, -85, Wt. 40
121g.
Same as 96.
G. C. Green, '85, Wt. 39
[HALF-DIRHBM.]
122.
Obv., traces of same formula as on 84.
Rev. v<r _£>UJt
aJUI j*\*
Green, 65, Wt. 22
FATIMEE khaleefehs. 51
123—125.
aJLM >-ob
Brown, streaked, *7, Wt. 22
Green, -6, Wt. 23
Green, with lustre, -6, Wt. 23
126, 127.
i
PL V. Green, '7, Wt. 20
„ 65, Wt. 18
128.
Green, -65, Wt. 24
129.
Green, -65, Wt. 28
[QTJARTER-DEENAr.]
130, 130g.
Jn centre, ^^AloJI
Margin illegible.
PL V. Brown, -6, Wt. 16
G. C. Purple, '55, Wt. 15
131.
As 130 : no margin.
Green, 55, Wt. 16
52 eatimee khaleefehs.
[QUARTER-DIRHEM.]
132.
Obv., portion of formula as 81.
Key. as 130 : no margin.
Green, '5, Wt. 11
133.
As 120.
Green, 55, Wt. 11
131, 134g.
Obv., portion of formula as 84.
Kev. ^,—^laJI
Green, -55, Wt. 11
G. 0. „ -65, Wt. 18
135.
Obv., portion of formula as 84.
Rev. UJI
PI. V. Purple, -oo, Wt. 1 1
s . /- • >
fatimee khaleefehs. 53
VII-EDH-DHAHIR 'ALEE
a. h. 411—427 =a.d. 1020—1035.
Obv.
[DOUBLE DIEHEM.]
136.
Year 4 la*.
L«~6
i *
4jLo
Rev. j *UsJt >UN|I
Green, 1*05, Wt. 01
137.
Year 420 ?
Oby. ^*~*
3 (<)o— o-
Kuv. as 136.
PI. V. Green, 10, Wt. 90
04 fItimee khaleefehs.
138.
Obv.
Year 42x.
Rev. as 136.
Green, 10, Wt. 77
139.
Obv. as 84 : rev. as 136.
Green, 1-05, Wt. 91
140, 141.
Same as 136 : but no obv. inscription. .
Brown, 1-1, Wt, 90
Green, 105, Wt. 91
142.
Obv. obliterated.
Itev. joU^I
yj\ jn*\ aJJt ^3
Yellow, 1-15, WtvOl
143, 144.
Same as 139 : but rev. differently divided, and blundered
and obscure.
Green, 1*05, Wt. 91
Green, metallic lustre, l'O, Wt. 86
fa-timke khaleefehs. 55
145, 145a.
PI. V. Green, 105, Wt. 83
G. C. Green, 1-05, Wt. 93
[DEENXR.]
146.
Year 4a\r.
Obv Centre, Ju n\ hit ^U^l
Margin, J^j *X+*~* <0 <£lbp ^ dj^j dJUl n)| «J1 ^
**" Jj ^ *«»
Key. Centre, J»* fr
Margin &U 4jt>jt
PI. V. Green, 10, Wt. 66
147.
Tear 415.
Same as 146 : obv. margin defective.
Rev. margin, tul^a^t^ jJLt u » t ^ iw
Opaque Brown, 1*0, Wt. 65
148.
Obv. Same as 146 : rev. different but obscure.
Chipped. Green, 95, Wt. 50
G FATTOEE KHALEEFEIfS.
149.
Same as 146, but margin imperfect ; no rev. inner.
Green, M, Wt CO
150.
Same as 1 i7, so far as preserved.
Green, fragment, 1*25
[ D I R H E M.]
151—153.
Year 415 or 425.
Obv. j ftl h II »U^I
Rev. Centre, w
Margin, 4ul+a ...... ^o*. <Lw
PL V. Green, '9, Wt. 45
>, -8, Wt. 46
„ '9, Wt. 46
154, 155.
Same as 151 : rev. almost obliterated.
Green, -85, Wt. 45
„ -85, Wt. 46
fatimee khaleefehs. 57
156, 157.
Year 412.
Obv. As 151 (but 156 has &M [«c].)
Rev . . . ** [sic] ^jj\ 2j~i
i]A o £ — ij\ 3
Green, '85, Wt.'47
„ -95, Wt. 46
158—161.
Same as 151 : but reverse plain.
Green, -9, Wt. 46
„ -8, Wt. 44
„ -9, Wt, 45
Purple, -8, Wt. 46
162, 163.
x
x aJLM ,>jj x
• X •
PI. V. Green, -8, Wt, 46
•85, Wt. 46
164.
Obv. .^U^l .
^oM ^t <UJ1 ^j
Traces of inscr. on reverse.
Green, -8, Wt. 45
53 fAtimbe khaleetehs
165.
PI, V. Green, -9, Wt. 4G
165g.
Rev. obscure.
G. C. Green, -85 Wt. 46
166, 166d, 166e.
YeUow, -95, Wt. 46
PI. V. Green, -9, Wt. 46
Purple, -9, Wt. 46
166g.
Same as 166.
G. C. Green, -9, Wt. 29
[HALF-DIRHEM.]
167.
Obv. J>\ o^l
•
Rev. obscure.
PI. V. Green, '65, Wt. 23
fatimee khaleefehs 59
168, 169.
Same as 167 ; but no points, and reverse plain.
Purple, -7, Wt, 23
Green, -7, Wt. 22
170.
Obv. j-JbUaJI
Traces of rev. inscr.
PI. V. Yellow, -7, Wt. 23
171, 171a.
• x •
>JbLfcJ1
• X •
PI. V. Green, -65, Wt. 21
G. C. „ -6, Wt. 23
172.
A .
Green, -65, Wt. 17
[QUARTER-DIRHEM.]
173, 174.
PI. V. Green, 55, Wt. 11
„ -55, Wt. 11
60 fXtimee khaleefehs.
175.
(sic) \&\ »U^l
Portion of dotted border on reverse.
Green, 5, Wt. 11
176.
o o
>feU3JI
o o
Traces of inscription on rev.
PL V. Brown, -6, Wt. 11
176g.
As 170 : no rev. inscription.
G. C. Green, -6, Wt. 10
176g*.
As 173 : but no pellets.
Traces of inscr. on rev.
G. C. Brown, 55, Wt. 12
* k/~\* \^\s \ /» r*s\s\s\s\svs\s\s'* /■*
fAjimee khaleefehs. 61
VII I- EL-MUSTANSIR MA'ADD.
a.h. 427— 487=a.d. 1035—1094.
[DOUBLE DEENARS.]
177—179.
Above, ornament.
PI. VL Brown, 1-25, Wt 131
„ 125, Wt. 132
Green, 1 25, Wt. 132
180.
Centre, j**\
Margin, <U3b j *a * J L ^ \ J9t< fi y,\ jjla^oU 1 ^)
Brown, 1-3, Wt. 131
181.
Same as 180 : but j**\ added to margin, and in centre,
PI. VI. Green, 13, Wt. 118
i
62 FiflMEE KHALEEFEHS.
[DOUBLE DIEHEMS.]
182.
Year 428.
***** vl*S** > »^ >S*'
PI. VI. Purple, l'l, Wt. 92
183.
Year 450.
J^AaJmm^J)
Eev. &**
Pink, 1-0, Wt. 81
184.
Year 474.
Obv. Margin, 4JJV >tf^~«Jl >«*3 #\ Jot* j&U^l
Centre, j-*-**
Rev. «— -jjt &*
Blue, 1-05, Wt. 80
fAtimee xhaleefehs. 03
185.
Year 476.
As 184 : but rev.
PI. VI. Green, 11, Wt. 92
186.
Year 479.
Same as 184 : but j**t in margin, and only ^>yU y »)t in centre ;
and rev. vJ 4-w
Yellow, 11 5, Wt. 92
187, 188.
Year obscure.
Same as 184 : but rev. inscription obscure, arranged in marginal
form round central &»U
Green, 11, Wt, 86
Purple, 11, Wt. 80
189, 189g, 189h.
No year.
Same as 184 : but no rev. inscription.
Brown, coated witb paste of metallic lustre, 11, Wt. 90
G.C. Opaque Black, splashed with White and Green, 1*1, Wt. 90
G. C. sJ#*yJ\jt*\ in one line. Green, M5,Wt.91
64 FATIMEE KHALEEEEnS.
190, 191.
a. U Li -»-"» *? — H
PL VI. Blue, 1-1, Wt. 92
Green, M, Wt. 91
192—197, 197o, 197h.
PI. VI. Green, 10, Wt. 92
Green, 1;05, Wt. 93
Green, 1-05, Wt. 92
Blue, 1-0, Wt. 92
Green, 1-05, Wt. 84
(Fragment) Brown, l'O
G. C. Green, 1'05, Wt. 89
G. C. Green (Lustre), T05, Wt. 86
198, 199.
**+> y} »***
(Blundered.)
PL VI. Yellow, 10, Wt. 92
Green, 10, Wt. 84
[DEENAE].
200.
Same as 184 : but no reverse.
PL VI. Yellow, 1-1, Wt. 66
fAtimee jkhaxeefehs. 65
201, 201g.
Same as 186 : but reverse illegible,
and •: u !• above and below t>gl* > +M
Green, 1-0, Wt. 65
(Ornaments obscure : rev. plain.) G. C. Purple, 1*1, Wt. 60.
*
[DIRHEM.]
202—214, 214g.
Same as 184 : but no reverse inscr.
PL VI. Yellow, -95, Wt. 46
„ -85, Wt. 46
Purple, -95, Wt. 46
Brown, splashed with white and gold, '95, Wt. 46
Inscr. imperfect. Yellow, "9, Wt. 45
Green, 1-0, Wt. 46
„ -9, Wt. 46
„ -95, Wt. 46
„ 1-0, Wt. 42
„ -95, Wt. 41
Blue, -9, Wt. 47
Yellow, with metallic lustre, # 95, Wt. 47
Opaque Black, -97, Wt. 46
G. C. Green, 10, Wt. 46
215.
Traces of year.
Same as 184 : but rev.,
Fragment, Green, '9
216.
Same as 186 : but reverse inscr. illegible.
U over ^glo ^ +M
Yellow, metallic lustre, 1/0, Wfc. 43
60
rATIMEE KHALEEFEH9.
217, 218.
Year 428.
3 CHJ^3 O^
PL VI.
Green, -95, Wt. 40
„ 9, Wt. 46
219.
Year 42a*.
Obv. same as 217 : but ending at ,j^U^)l
Rev.
PL VI. Green, -9, Wt 46
220—227, 227g.
.
^1 juju* ^U^l
Ch^^ 1 >a*t **>
PL VI.
Blue,
•9,
Wt.
45
Green,
•9,
wt.
45
tt
•9,
wt.
45
n
•9,
wt.
41
>>
•9,
Wt.
45
T>
•9,
wt.
36
>>
•9,
wt.
37
JJ
•9,
wt.
32
G. C.
>»
•9,
wt.
47
fAtimee khaleefehs. 67
228.
PL VI. Blue, -9, Wt. 47
[HALP-DIRHEM.]
229—233, 233a.
aJUU
PL VI. Brown, -75, Wt. 23
Yellow, -7, Wt. 23
„ -7, Wt. 23
Green, *8, Wt. 23
„ -7, Wt. 22
G. C. „ -7, Wt. 20
234, 234a
tin lOJJuHMlQM '
Green, -7, Wt. 23
G. C. Yellow, -7, Wt. 22
235.
a \ )L?
236.
V
Pink, 75, Wt. 23
J!
A
PI. VI. Opaque White, '65, Wt. 23
6£ FlTIMEE KHALEEFEH8.
236o.
I
O « »
G. C. Brown, -65, Wt. 22
237.
L*]t*^t arranged in circle round central point.
Yellow, -65, Wt. 23
237 gl
In centre,
Margin, .... j*oJ£~*,)l j*U^I ....
G. C. Purple, -6, Wt. 16
[QUARTER-DIRHEM.]
238, 239.
PI. VI. Green, -6, Wt. 11
„ -6, Wt. 11
240—245, 245g.
PL VI. Blue, -55, Wt. 11
Yellow, 55, Wt. 11
Green, -6, Wt 1 1
„ '55, Wt. 11
Blue, -55, Wt. 12
Yellow, -55, Wt. 12
G. C. Green, 55, Wt. 11
fatimee khaleefehs. 69
246, 246g.
^t-o^l
PL VI. Green, 6, Wt. 11
G. C. „ -55, Wt. 11
247, 248.
j6l**$\ in circle round .inner, circle, point in centre.
Green, -55, Wt. 12
•55, Wt. 10
>>
249, 250.
Same as 240.
Green, -5, Wt. 8
„ '55, Wt. 6
251—277.
In addition to the legible examples of El-Mustansir's glass
coin- weights, the Collection contains twenty -seven pieces, none
of which is legible, but all have the general appearance of this
Khaleefeh's weights.
70 FATIMEE KHALEEFEH8.
IX.-EL-MUSTA'LEE AHMAD.
a.h. 487—495 = ad. 1094—1101.
[DOUBLE-DIBHEM.]
278, 279. *>*
Margin, dJJU ^Jbu^oH ^^wliJt ^\ >»U^t
Centre, O^W* >*•*
PI. VII. Blue, 1 1, Wt. 92
Green, 1-1, Wt. 92
280, 281.
PL VII. Green, 1-0, Wt. 91
Brown, 1-0, Wt. 92
282—285.
.1
PL VII. Opaque Grey, splashed with
Blue, 1-05, Wt. 92
Opaque Green, -95, Wt. 92
Opaque Grey and Brown, '95, Wt. 92
(Inscr. nearly obliterated.) Opaque Green, # 95, Wt. 83
[DBENAR.]
286.
Same as 280.
(Broken.) Blue, 1-0, Wt. 64
fItimbe khaleefehs. 71
[DIRHEM.]
287.
Blue, -95, Wt. 47
288.
Same as 278.
PI. VII. Yellow, -9, Wt. 46
289, 290.
Probably same as 278, but obscure.
Green, '9, Wt. 46
„ -95, Wt. 45
290g.
Same as 280.
G.C. Brown, -9, Wt. 45
291, 292.
Opaque Grey, -85, Wt. 47
„ Brown, *8, Wt. 40
[HALF-DIRHEM.]
293—295. .
A
PL VII. Green, -65, Wt. 24
„ 55, Wb. 21
Blue, -6, Wt. 21
72 FATIMEE KHALEEFEH8.
296, 297
A
YeUowish White, -7, Wt. 23
Green, -7, Wt. 22
Green, -65, Wt. 23
X-EL-AMIR EL-MANSOOR.
a.h. 495— 524=a.d. 1101—1130.
[DOUBLE DEENXR.]
299.
>U^I J* ^\
Opaque Blue splashed with gold, 1*2, Wt. 130
[DOUBLE DIRHEM.]
300
j*ot aJUI j»
PL VII. Green, 1-1, Wt. 94
fXtimeb khaleefehs. 73
301.
>l — o^l
(sic) ^\ s—«-c\
PL VII.
Green, l'l, Wt 90
„ 1-1, Wt. 91
302.
A t^l
Green, '95, Wt. 90
s
[DBBNAR.J
303.
Centre, _*< ~*jt
Margin, j*U>oJt j~A **)t j»l£»A/ j*©^t ^^JLc ^t
PL VII. Blue, 1-05, Wt. 60
[DIRHEM.]
304, 305.
Centre, ? aJUt
Inner margin, L£».b ^-©^1 j^gupJl ^Jlfc ^1
Outer margin illegible.
Brown, '95, Wt. 47
Blue, -9, Wt. 46
L
74 FlTIlOSE KHALSEFRH8.
306.
Centre, >l— ^1
Margin, 0*^J*M >*•* (*k) <0> j»U*.U ^1 ^ #\
Green, -9, Wt. 50
307.
(sic) ^^Jt >*-ot 4JUt
Green, -9, Wt. 46
308,
j*\£*.b (sic) ja*$
(sic) yj\ >—*•! aJD!
Green, 1*0, Wt. 47
309.
PI. VII. Green, -9, Wt. 47
310.
(sic) o j t *\ dJJt
Green, *95, Wt. 46
FlflMEE KHALEBFEHS, 75
[HALF-DIRHEM.]
311, 312.
J >*)\
PL VII. White, 65, Wt. 22
„ -65, Wt. 22
812a.
Centre, ^>L— *^l
• *£>■*■ Q 111 I
Margin illegible.
Green, -6, Wt. 17
LQUABTEB-DIRHEMJ
313.
Same as 311.
White, gilt, -5, Wt. 1 1
XI -EL-HAFIDH.
A h. 524— 544=a.d. 1130—1149.
[DOUBLE DEENAR.]
{314.
v>jjJ JxiUJt
jt o\ d Ul
PI. VII. Opaque Black, 1-2, Wt. 126
^ fAjimee khaleefbhs.
315.
[DOUBLE DIRHEM.]
JJ Ja 9UJI
4-JUt Ch
•PI. VII. Yellow, 1-15, Wt. 92
[DIRHEM.]
316.
n
Opaque White, -8, Wt. 44
[HALF-DIRHEM.]
317—319.
Same as 316.
PI. VII. Green, 65, Wt. 23
„ '65, Wt. 22
„ 'G5, Wt. 21
IQITARTER-DEENAR.]
320—322,
»< o^l
Oil*) ^*UJI
»f 4 Ul
PI. VII. Opaque Blue, % Wt. 16
„ % Wt. 15
„ '5, Wt. 14
/■ <••. ^ .
FjItimee khaleefehs. 77
VII.-EDH-DHAFIR ISMA'EEL.
a.h. 544— 549=a.d. 1149—1154.
[DOUBLE DEENiVR?]
322g.
(sic) 4X)\j+j jilisJI
G. C. Opaque Red, 1*2, Wt. 116
LDOUBLE DIRHEM.]
323, 324.
Opaque Grey, 1-0, Wt. 90
„ 10, Wt. 92
DIRHEM.]
325, 326.
Same as 323.
PI. VII. Opaque Grey, -85, Wt. 46
„ *9, Wt. 46
| HALF-DIRHEM.]
327, 328.
Same as 323.
Opaque Grey, -65, Wt. 22
„ ,, '55, Wt. 22
78 FlflMEE KHALEEFEH8.
**» ••
XIII.-EL-FAIZ 'EESA
a.h. 649— 556=a.d. 1154 — 1160.
[DOUBLE DEENAR.]
329.
PL VII. Opaque Green, 12, Wt. 131
[DOUBLE DIBHEM.]
330, 330a, 3306.
PL VII. Opaque Grey,
•96,
Wt.
90
»
„ 1'0,
Wt.
89
>»
>>
•96,
Wt.
91
[DIBHEM.]
331.
Same as 330.
Opaque Grey, -8, Wt. 46
x/v\/\/\A/>
fItimee khaleefehs. 70
XIV-EL-'ADID 'ABD-ALLAH.
a.h. 555— 567=a.d. 1160—1171.
[DOUBLE DEENlR.]
332.
PI. VII. Opaque Green, 1-2, Wt. 132
[DOUBLE DIRHEM.]
333.
Same as 332.
Opaque Grey, *95, Wt. 92
334.
*JUt
juoLaJI
Opaque Green, 1*0, Wt. 90
[DIRHEM.]
335.
Same as 332.
Opaque Grey, *8, Wt. 46
[HALF-DIRHEM.]
336.
It
PL VII. Opaque Green, -65, Wt, 22
k
V -LATER ISSUES.
tt
( 83 )
V.-LATER ISSUES.*
OF THE PERIOD OF THE MEMLOOK SULTANS, &0-
'ALEE ESH-SHUWEYKH.
337.
Year #70.
a ^
PI. VIII. Yellow (yellow splash), 1*05, Wt. 92
338, 338g.
Year #83.
Yellow (blue splash), 1*05, Wt. 93
Q. C. Blue, 1-0, Wt. 92
339, 339a
Yellow (blue splash) 1*05, Wt. 93
G. C. „ „ 11, Wt. 94
340.
Same as 338.
Purple, -9, Wt. 46
* The metrology of the Memlook period is so variable that it has
not been considered desirable to hazard any identifications of the
intended weights. At the same time it may be noted that there is a
general average of weights of 93, 47, and 23 gr a., which appear to
represent doable dirhems, dirhems and half dirhems.
84 LATER ISSUES.
341, 341o.
Same as 339.
Yellow (blue splash \ '8, Wt. 44
G. C. White „ „ 9, Wt. 48
**S * / V K* V^X' WV/V'^Vyx^WV^WV^ ^*
'ALEE EL-MISREE
342, 343, 344.
Year 796 ?
(fie) xj $ &w
(possibly 0****o)
PI. VIII. Green (blue splash), 1*0, Wt. 92
Yellow, -9, Wt. 47
„ -85, Wt. 41
/" ** S~*s - / \ * * s\ s « y *- * \y\ s \**s\ s* * *s * /'v/x/
'ALEE ED-DA'EE.
345.
Within square, ,, It c
PL VIII. Yellow, 11, Wt. 94
340.
Same, but ^tj^t
Purple, -9, Wt. 44
fc./-% * y ^ S •V^''* ** S* s* ' ,*,* , ■'w_^X*».*XX*,*'x
PERIOD OF THE MEMLOOK SUL'fANS, &C. 85
MOHAMMAD EL-'OODEEP
347.
Year #50.
dotted thus)
PL VIII. Purple, M, Wt. 91
348, 349, 350.
Same : dates blundered or illegible.
Purple, M, Wt. 91
„ 1-1, Wt. 93
„ 1-05, Wt. 93
351.
Same as 347.
Purple, -85, Wt. 38
352.
Same as 347.
Purple, 85, Wt. 46
86 LATER ISSUES.
352a.
Year xxl.
G. C. Opaque Black and White, -85, Wt 47
353.
\J>3 — *-H
• • •
(Fragment) Blue.
^AyN/v/ 1
MOHAMMAD EL-BABA IBN MOHAMMAD.
351
Within sevenfoil, ^ i^UI
PI. VIII. Yellow, 105, Wt. 93
355.
Same.
Yellow (green splash), '85, Wt. 47
TEBIOD OP THE MEMLOOK SULTANS, &C. 87
EL-BABA.
356.
Within cusped hexagram, LUI
Stars outside.
Yellow (blue splash), 1*0, Wt. 83
357.
Within hexagram, l^Jt
Yellow (brown splash), -9, Wt. 47
358.
Same as 357.
Yellow, -65, Wt. 23
BABA.
359.
Within hexagram, L^U
Green, 1*05, Wt. 93
360.
Same as 359.
Blue, % Wt. 47
361.
Same as 359.
Opaque Black, *6, Wt. 23
88
LATEB ISSUES.
'OMAR.
360—364, 364o.
J » o g
PI. VIII.
Opaque Black, striped with white, 1*0, Wt. 93
Purple, 10, Wt. 92
Dividing line. Opaque Black, 10, Wt. 92
Opaque Green, 1-0, Wt. 89
Purple, 95, Wt. 80
G. C. „ TO, Wt. 89
j\S W 'X, \s »» %_■%/ V \' »/ *•*/■»/>/ »/"«-/>.'» '.'VVVv/W.'vAi W>^»
AHMAD.
365.
(Incuse.)
PI. VIII.
Green, *9, Wt* 45
366.
-
Year #42*
In centre,
±+-\
Around,
367, 368.
Year a?25.
Purple, -85, Wt. 43
Same: but
3 CHJ**3 \
UNCERTAIN.
369.
Year x27.
Green, -85, Wt. 47
Pink, -85, Wt. 47
In centre,
«jj^
Around,
• • • CHJ^3 ♦*** *** 1
Yellow (blue splash), *9, Wt. 47
PERIOD OF THE MEMLOOK SULTlNS, &C. 89
HASAN.
370.
PL VIII. Blue (white and blue surface), '85, Wt. 46
371.
Blue, 65, Wt. 23
RAMADAN?
372, 373.
PI. VIII. Green, -85, Wt. 48
„ '8, Wt. 46
YA'KOOB.
374.
Year #36.
PL VIII. Brown, -9, Wt. 46
90 LATBB ISSUES.
375, 375a.
Year x50 or x56.
V>
w (or «^)
Brown, -8, Wfc. 46
Yellow (purple spot), '85, Wfc. 46
v.-s_, ^ . ■ * * . .».-* + ., . *• y _-- s *
EL-JEMALEE
376.
PL VIII. Yellow, 9, Wfc. 49
y\y •*
MOHAMMAD.
376o.
Year #71?
Centre, J>o^ *
Margin, 9 C***" 3 (?) v5*^ *^
G. C. Pink, 1-3, Wt. 135
x. v* nS"\« W ■/ ■/ -* w */ t« \* \# «. v/V\>\# W\«v
PERIOD OF THE MEMLOOK SULTANS, &C. 91
'ABD-ALLAH 'OMAR.
377.
A
)t
JC
-^
Purple, -85, Wt, 46
EL-FAKEEH 'OMAR,
378.
(With diacritical points,)
PL VIII. Purple, -8, Wt. 40
EL-MUSHARRAFP
379.
(Thus pointed.)
Yellow, '9, Wt 43
92
LATER ISSUES.
AHMAD
380.
«*T&
VI VIII. # Green, -5, Wt. 13
-^>'"*-\.* \*'\S\''\S\s \ZK*'*S \s \S\S \z"*j \ /* * »,*
FARAJP
881.
<C
Purple, -3, Wt. 38
»y».-wx ".yw^-.^^v/N /. »w .. , „ „
MOHAMMAD,
a82.
Within triangle.
GreeD, 1 05, Wt, 93
•yvwvv/vyvvv
V- \y \y v \s X/ \/X/ S
PEBIOD OF THE MEMLOOK SULTANS, &C. 93
ABOO-BEKR.
383.
Year #37.
Opaque Black, 1*0, Wt. 90
EL-MESOODEE AHMAD.
384.
In centre, >>■■».»» 1
Margin, \J> j**f tt jr*ji J-o^
PL VIII. Purple, 1-25, Wt. 134
^ /\/\/n/\/V» v^ \** -. *\^ w » * v/\x\y x- \jf v^w>r w^
SHAHEEN GIRAI.
385.
PL VIII. Green, 1-15, Wt. 94
•-\ x*^* ^% ^n •* />y\/* A/\»v/v^'\A'
94 PEEIOD OF THE MEMLOOK SULTANS, &C.
MOHAMMAD IBN SHAHEEN
386.
Year a?28.
PI. VIII. Yellow, 1-05, Wt. 93
387.
Year #29.
Same : but {sic) b! £nj~*2 **-3
Yellow (blue spksh), 1-0, Wt. 93
388.
Sajne : date obscure.
Green, 1-05, Wt. 94
389.
Same : date obliterated.
Green (coated witb metallic paste), 1*05, Wt. 85
390.
Same as 388,
Yellow (blue splash), -8, Wt. 47
VI.-WITHOUT NAMES.
( 97 )
VI.-WITHOUT NAMES.
391. •
aJUU By God
~*\ I am ready to fight
.^JL*J the most High,
PL VIII. Brown, 10, Wt. 92
392.
(sic) dJLM [To] God [belongeth]
3j> w )l power.
PI. VIII. Green, -7, Wt. 23
393, 394.
aJUI God
j i«rii 'A grant victory.
PI. VIIL Green, -65, Wt. 25
Purple, -65, Wt. 19
395.
In centre, j £ -* Printe
It of the Faithful
Margin obliterated*
Yellow, -55, Wt 15
396.
Jmt.
Pink, -5, Wt. 11
VII.-WITH DEVICES ONLY,
( ioi )
VII.-WITH DEVICES ONLY.
*"V» V > ' \»/ V \'~x/\_/"* *N/VV/ **\/ <•
397.
Whorl.
Blue, 1*2, Wt. 174
398—400.
Lion to left.
Opaque Black, -8, Wt. 47
Blue, -85, Wt. 65
Purple, 1-0, Wt. 91
401— 402a.
Ornamented interlaced hexagram.
Yellow, 1*05, Wt. 94
105, Wt. 90
•8, Wt. 46
y>
a
403—415, 415g.
Hexagram, usually with central point
Yellow, 1
Green, with white marks,
Opaque Black,
»
>i
1
Purple,
Opaque Black, 1
(Broken)
>)
j>
Brown, metallic lustre,
Purple,
G. C. Yellow,
0, Wt. 87
85, Wt, 46
95, Wt. 91
0, Wt. 91
8, Wt. 48
8, Wt. 44
15, Wt. 94
0, Wt. 87
9, Wt. 45
85, Wt. 45
6, Wt.21
6, Wt. 16
85, Wt. 46
102 WITH DEVICES ONLY.
416—4180, 419.
Hexagram with central annulet.
Grey, 85, Wt. 44
Purple, -85, Wt. 45
Opaque Black, '8, Wt. 45
G. C. „ „ -85, Wt. 47
Purple, -65, Wt. 23
420, 420g.
Hexagram, plain centre.
Purple, with white stripes, *7, Wt. 23
G. C. Opaque Black, 1 -05, Wt. 88
421.
Blue, -85, Wt. 67
422—425.
Flower of six petals.
Opaque Black, 95, Wt. 92
Purple, -95, Wt. 56
„ -6, Wt. 24
Blue, -65, Wt. 24
426.
Diamond or lozenge.
Green, brown splashes, '6, Wt. 19
427.
Square within square ; central point ; around, ornaments.
Opaque Blue, -5, Wt. 1 1
WITH DEVICES ONLY. 103
427g.
G. C. Green, -9, Wt. 90
428—432.
Crossed lines (grill).
Opaque Black, 1-05, Wt. 90
Brown, 1'05, Wt. 92
Opaque Green, '85, Wt. 49
Brown, -7, Wt. 24
Grey, 9, Wt. 46
433.
Green, -75, Wt. 22
434.
Similar, irregular.
Green, -9, Wt. 90
435.
Point within circle, surrounded by dots.
Opaque Red, -6, Wt. 22
436—441.
With central hole.
Brown, -85, Wt. 67
Opaque Blue and Green, '7, Wt. 40
(With Green bead in hole). Yellow, -65, Wt. 29
„ *65, Wt. 30
Opaque Red and Blue, # 7, Wt. 32
Brown, -8, Wt. 46
104 wrrn deyices only.
442—44*.
With central deep hollow.
Opaque Blue, 1-15, Wt. 226
Green, 1-0, Wt, 138
Yellow, blue and white splash, 9, Wt. 130
445—449.
With slight hollow.
Opaque Black, -35, Wt. 7
Brown, -45, Wt. 12
Purple, -45, Wt. 12
„ -45, Wt. 12
Bine, -4, Wt. 7
450, 451.
With central boss.
Green, -95, Wt. 78
Yellow, -95, Wt. 64
452, 453.
Plain.
Opaque Green, 1-0, Wt. 115
Blue, -55, Wt. 11
454.
Inscription or ornament within square.
Green, blue and white splash, T8, Wt* 902
VIM— BOTTLE-STAMPS.
( 107 )
GLASS BOTTLE-STAMPS.
*
»W\/\/VA**»/W%*w\*\/\/\# N./'V*
ABD-EL-MELIK 1BN MARWAN
HALl'.KIST.
*UI j^-i In God's name:
»[1 God command* hones-
. . *l ^ *tj L— 5 fy ,* -4«<f ordered the Ameer
U>]* £>* ***M •*** 'Abd-El-Melik ibn M[arwd-
Q n the stamping of it, half
2 !*-*»■» a kist. Full
ol measure.
PI. IX a. C. Green, 17
* Of other specimens in the Glass Collection, one is stamped with
the numeral r (2) ; another with ^; and a third bears the representa-
tion of a figure seated crogj-legged, wearing a turban, and holding a
bottle in his right hand and a wine-cup in his left, enclosed in a circle
of dots. A hollow glass cylinder, closed at ends, weighs 4900 grs.,
and may be meant for a pound (rafl) weight; a glass ring weighs
3000 grs. ; and a square block with hole in centre 1460 grs.
108 GLASS BOTTLE-STAMPS.
'OBEYD-ALLAH IBN EL-HABHAB.*
Treasurer of Egypt, a.h. 102—114 = x.v. 720—732.
(UNDER WHOM IBN MEYSARAH.)
QUARTBR-KIST.
392
i.
«
Year
111.
aJUI^o^y
In God 9 s name :
JL I It * . . *L f ^1
Ordered ' Obey d- Allah
ibn El-Habhdb a quarter
£-0 w*l»»»*»-31 O-t
•
I* ^Ju ^^U lx~3
kist, by the hands of . .
&]«^W «>-m^ ^ *
. ibn Meysarah, year
Ijle ^^[1
one ten
••
hundred.
PI. IX. G. C. Green, 175
*-«^»y\yN»> #.#•#*» /">»•■». »».rf"*."x/'«
EESA IBN ABEE-'AJA.t
Treasurer of Egypt, a.h. 125—132 = a.d. 743—750.
HALF . . .KEYLEH?
393.
aAJI jr*j In God* 8 name :
U^JLt aJJI ^_^t GW commands honesty :
^■.> ^ ,c ^-a-o^t j-*[l ordered the Ameer 'Eesa
Ul**j Lkft ^[t ^ i&/& ilfoe-'ilfti half .
w5|^ 3 1 j i ^ . . . . Keyleh. Full measure.
...
PL IX. G. C. Green, 1-4
* See above, p. 4, nos. 3, 3g, and Introduction,
f See above, p. 6, no. 6.
GLASS BOTTLE -STAMPS. 109
HALF-?IST.
394.
j*+*$\ j+[\ Ordered the Ameer
l[k* ^ si>* ^5*4** 'Eesd ibn Abee-'Atd
U> rft > a-ju-«-Jx.[-j the stamping of half
s**\j Jju^p a kist : full measure,
PI. IX. G. C. Green, 14
•\/%/%/v /\A/V\/« ^» *^*>^\.*-\* \^\S'f-\* r S^+~
HOSEYN IBN 'ALEE.
395.
^. 6 ,».,fc. Hoseyn
PL IX. G. C. Yellow, 105
INDEXES.
( 113 )
I. -YEARS.
YEAR.*
NAME.
NO.
Page.
110
Governor, 'Obeyd- Allah ibn El-Habhab
3
4
111
» 99 9}
392
108
119
„ El-Kasim ibn 'Obeyd-AUah
4,5
5,6
223
,, Aboo-Ja'far Ashn&s
27g
19
403
Fatimee Khaleefeh, El-Hakim
84-6
44
404
JJ 9>
87
45
106
JJ J9
88
45
407
JJ >*
89
45
409
a 99
90-93
46
412
„ Edh-Dhahir
156, 157
57
415
* • • •
99 ji
147
55
41a
9) 99
136
53
420?
9 9 99
137
53
415or425
}9 99
151-3
56
42a;
9) 99
138
54
4tzx
)) 99
146
55
428
„ El-Mustansir ]
182,
218, 319
62
66
42*
99 99
220
65
450
}9 99
183
62
474
99 99
184
62
476
9 9 99
185
63
479
99 99
186
63
796?
'Aloe El-Misree
342-4
84
a?70
'Alee Esh-Shuweykh
337
83
xbO
Mohammad El-'Oodee
347
85
xx7
99
352g
86
#42
Ahmad
366
88
#25
99
367-8
88
a>27
Uncertain
369
88
*36
Ya'koob
374
89
xb%
99
375,375a
90
*71?
Mohammad
376g
90
*37
Aboo-Bekr
383
93
o:28
Mohammad ibn Shaheen
386
94
a?29
)9
387
94
* There are only two examples of the name of a mint city on a glass
weight — Mi§r, p. 21 ; El-Man§ooreeyeh, p. 41.
Q
( 114 )
II. -PERSONS.
^JUj & j^jjX j***$\ 26a
jb #\ 383
j^H^t 365— 8, 380
L p > ju M «)t j^t 384
* ~*. & J^t 28g, 29
jujj ^>j <UW 2
J****! ^1 23, 24, 24g
>U^I see JadUJ1,^loJ1,>UaM, 4jDt juc, ju*UM, jjjjjl, &c.
j^. X^l 20
ja*$\ »U^t 311, 312, 313
jy cJ^\j^^\ 302, 312a
sJ#«**H j**\ jy***H »U^1 301
0-~***H #*\ *W >^-W j*^l>U^I, 300, 309, 310
£x~>**H je*l *U1 -/>K**V >*^ ^ »t jyc±*)\ >U^I 299,
303, 306, 307
aJUI ^i^W >*^l j>^sJt ^ ^1 304, 305, 308
jetty see J**«-J, u-^t, ^UUJt jus, J**)l
VIJI (b W) 356—361 ; *ee
^^? see j**.\
INDEX OF PEESONS. 115
Jw ^WaJI 376
^U. see j^jj
J^UJt—
J^UJt »U^t 316—319
*UI ^JJ J^UJt^U^I 315 *
0#+**fl J«*\ *Ut Cfc^ *«■*" -*U^I 3 H 320—322
^UJt 134, 134g, 135
aJJI^W^&UJI 94— 98g, 101, 104, 105, 114—125, 130,
130g, 131, 132
)y c^\ ^>UJI 103
^UJl ^»U^t 126, 127, 129, 133
j^-flOoJI J* #\ 128
aJW ^W ^>WH »U^1 99, 99g, 106—113
102
Ov+^ J*** *"' >«W>^>t*J1 >U^I 84, 85, 86, 87, 88,
90—93, 100
^U-.oJt ^H see 4AM J<t+£
^>*. 370, 371
Jl* C* O*-- 395
dJu\m» 8eejJs\*J\
l^fctjJI see ^Xfi
O-o^j 372, 373
juj see <ULrt
116 INDEX OF PEHSON8.
^ftm + J t Oi ****** 19
«ee
)\j&> i > < AUr 385
0**U» j>j see
£tj*» CH see OW
v^-** O* *J\* 25g
>UaM—
jillsJt »U^t 323—328
0~**tf jt*\ *M (sic) j+4 >*UaM »U^1 322a
>bUa)l 170, 171, 171 g, 173— 5, 176g, 176g*
>bUaJ1>U^I 167—169
«*« C«> jW jAUaJI 145, 145o, 162, 163, 166, 166d, 166e,
166g
it j*t\ *U\ o*> jW jaUSJJ 165
II j*-ot aW CH> j!i*^ >bU5Jt jdU^I 136—144, 146
- 161, 164, 165g, 172
*•* Ctf j*°\* 26, 27
ju^UJt voU^t 336
aJDI CH^ J^ 1 ^ >V$l' 332—5
O^o^\ j**\ aJLJI juc aJUI jufi 57
aJUI jut see j+&
**Ji C# O+^jH +* 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
***- OV J* i** 1 **** 28
Ob>* CH -iU^)1 juc^^^l 391
INDEX OP PEESONS. 117
vl*~»Jt Ch» *JIM J*** 3g, 392
aJLJI j^s ^ see ^^UUt
aXU* >>>)l 81, 82, 83
>>>M»U^180
. jlp »U^I 77, 79
v>~<>**Jt >*t **>W j*J«M -»U^t 75, 78
j«Ji 0****H jo* *^W ii>*M»Uyi 76
^UJI ^ 345, 346
^j^Jt JU 337—340, 341, 341a
,j>a*Jt yj* 342—4
aJUI j^ 377
4*fcM 378
t^^xM see j^oifc.,0
31,32; 89; 360— 364g
U** ^ C* L5~e* j**^ 6, 6rf, 393, 394
sS ^ ! s. & see ^JU
<d)l j^ >>U)t »U^t 330, 331
0#+^\ jt+\ aJJI j*c±i >>UM »W}1 329
? £> «^!l* C* *** Jiy 381
JL* ch J-**N ^^1 26
*Ut J^Ctf^^K 5
;U£» see ^**l£
118 IKDBX OF PEBSOXS.
33,34,35; 376a, 380, 382
bUt j^,o 354, 355
^ydl j+m*a 347—353
*** O* J**-+ 19
O**^ ^ j^fc-o 386—390
c*j*~io
0#**J*ji*i <J>* j^3 3* s 3^** C* .*♦■** >^1 27a
O^ C>* 8ee **UUM ****
aJUI ^g ^ASmiM >U^t 58, 58a, 59, 59a
.1298
I ^bU^I 282—286, 296, 297
II je*\ <dJt, ,jJUW1 J*-l >U^t 280, 281, 286,
286k
Ov+*J\je*\ <0>W ^ . UTm .o H ^UM >>»>»U^I 278, 279,
287— 290a
<U)t* >*uWt 234, 234a, 235, 238, 239
>U^t 236a, 237, 240—250
It x+\ aJjg j-flUi^Jt 229— 233a, 237a
r a£ « -*l\ ^c^j #\ j** >U^I 198, 199
C*~^l ^1 aAJW j-tfuZ^I^J ^t jju> ^U^I 177—197H,
200—228
*JU)1 />j j*L~* 4
INDEX OF PEBSOKS. 119
\seej~x*
? sJjU\ 379
fj^c^i\ see ^^Xs
jjue see J*+Jt
J*Jt—
aJDI CH^ J***! >**^M j**J ^ •*** <M J^ 72
>*WI 20, 21, 22
O*^* j**\ i$+r*fl 20, 21, 22, 25
0#+*# **t •>♦■*-• l£^ 28, 24, 24g
v>i io > JI j**! aJUb ^j^l >U^t 57*
lX^*^ *5*t \Jy 8ee *****
LM—
^?UI>U^I67
*U1 O^ ^*Ut -» u ^ 65> 66, 68, 69, 70, 71
)\p see )jjj&\
Ol> ^ Jiy 12, 13
'**v* J3 106—116, 122, 126, 127, 134, 134©
*Ji sJ* O* *ji 6, 6d, 7, 8, 9
jJl*- O* *lM j*W 14, 15, 16, 17
±>M CH see Ch^I J^, *sU*JI j^
*iJi Oi >»..-• 13
j 374, 375, 375a
( 120 )
1 1 1. -DENOMINATIONS, &c
£J3 3o, 16, 17, 21, 22
oV,>- 12
fyji. 4, 5, 11, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 37g, 39, 39o, 44, 49
^jj 6, 11, 29, 33, 51
^> (JUi) 28
;VOi46
>,* 1, 10, 14, 15, 19, 23, 24, 24a, 26, 45, 57
jii> (uUJ) 2, 6rf, 13, 27, 33
JJ»j jo 28e
JJ»j25g
wM»j (tfj) 288
j*& Jfcj(w*-i) 34t
2jJ« ^mJui 18
«*> 375, 375a
Jjlc 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 94, 95, 98, 114, 115, 116, 117, 146,
147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 396
yji 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 35<*, 36, 37, 37g, 39, 39o, 40, 40g, 41, 42,
43, 44, 49, 52
cr JUJI38
^31,^5
jji 372, 373
Jsu;>» 55, 55g
I»\j<3 7, 38, 41, 42, 52
(£,) 392
DENOMINATIONS, &C. 121
( JU5) 391, 393, 394
J*l£»13
34t
It5
10, 14, 15, 18
Je* 47, 51
JULU 1, 3, 3o, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 24a, 25, 25a, 26, 33, 34, 35d, 36, 37,
37a, 38, 39, 39a, 40, 40a, 41, 42, 43, 45, 49, 52, 53,
55, 55a, 57
4U23
Oijy* 19
0>»2
ouaj 8, 9, 20, 25, 53
^j>JU*i28
jiii oua* 2, 6d, 13, 27, 53
^ JJ»j uUu 34r
UJUOUJ55, 55a
tu«iUuai391
a^_5 uUai 27a, 35
1JI9 1, 2, 3a, 5, 8, 10, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 24o, 25,
26, 27, 28o, 29, 30q, 33, 38, 40, 40o, 41, 42, 45, 52,. 57,
391, 393, 394
S>!>*3 43
£fo 6d, 8, 11, 29, 41, 42, 55, 55a
ij«5) (^»ju>) 18
V, (uU»i) 27a, 35
( 122 )
IV -MISCELLANEOUS.
JSbu iUKf Oj**ZJ 391
aJUI »js.\ Z7a
*Jl)» 4*^1 26
j».l4JLJt54
a) aJUI *i»l 23, 24, 24a
Af 4JUI *Z«t 30q
y>\ 1—17, 19, 21—240, 25g, 26, 27o, 28, 28o, 29, 30, 30q,
33, 57, 57*, 72, 391-4
^V <U)I >•! 4, 6, 9, 391, 393
aU\ j*i\ 393, 394
aJUl jr* 3, 3o, 4, 5, 6, 6d, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 24, 24o, 25, 27, 30, 33, 34k, 36, 43, 46, 47,
53, 56, 56d, 72, 391-3
aJUI ^y..*. 100
aJUI ^j 46, 56
^384
£> 4, 6, 6d, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 391,394
<d)Sj*H392
^j* ^t. 4, 6, 6<*, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23,
24, 24g, 25g, 26, 27, 27g, 30q, 392
Jh^ 84—93, 136, 137, 138, 370, 371, 381, 395
^^J^*384
aJJI J*& 47, 56d
**" sji W U <UJ ' J>-J •*♦—• **" ^' *» ^ 84—87, 89-98
106—116, 139
MISCELLANEOUS INDEX. 128
4JUI Jj ^ 4JUI J^-y JL^a^* 4) iL^ ^ «J^ aJUI ^1 Alt *)
146—150
4JJ54
^*l l^o 25g, 26, 27g, 28, 28g, 29, 30q, 57, 57A, 78
J** l^o 89—93, 136, 137, 138
JaiyM J^t ^ 48, 50
aJUI,. J£» 30g, 103
Jw376
v/\/\/x^
( 125 )
TABLE
TOR
CONVERTING ENGLISH INCHES INTO MILLIMETRES
AND THE
MEASURES OP MIONNET'S SCALE.
English Inches
^^v
95
t-g
a-
16
h
•9
•8
•7
•6
•5
•4
•»
•9
•I
French Millimetres
]0O
M ion net's Scale
js>
-18-
-17-
-15-
-14-
-3S-
-12-
-n-
-10-
9
8
7
6
6
4
1
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
65
60
45
40
36
30
26
20
15
10
S
( 126 )
TABLE
RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF
ENGLISH GRAINS and FRENCH GRAMMES.
Grains
Grammes.
Grains.
41
Grammes.
Grains.
i
Grammes.:
Grains.
Grammes.
1
•064
2-656
81
5-248
121
7-840
2
•129
42
2-720
82
5-312
122
7-905
3
•194
43
2-785
83
5-378
123
7-970
4
•259
44
2-850
84
5-442
124
8-035
5
•324
45
2-915
85
5-508
125
8-100
6
•388
46
2-980
86
5-572
126
8164
7
•453
47
3045
87
5-637.
127
8-229
8
•518
48
3-110
88
5-702
128
8-294
9
•583
49
3175
89
5-767
129
8-359
10
•648
50
3-240
90
5-832
130
8-424
11
•712
51
3-304
91
5-896
131
8-488
12
•777
52
3-368
92
5-961
132
8-553
13
•842
53
3-434
93
6026
133
8-618
14
•907
54
3-498
94
6091
134
8-682
15
•972
66
3-564
95
6-156
135
8-747
16
1-036
66
3-628
96
6-220
136
8-812
17
1-101
61
3-693
97
6-285
137
8-877
18
1166
58
3-758
98
6-350
138
8-942
19
1-231
59
3-823
99
6-415
139
• 9-007
20
1-296
60
3-888
100
6-480
140
9072
21
1-360
61
3-952
101
6-544
141
9136
22
1-425
62
4017
102
6-609
142
9-200
23
1-490
63
4-082
103
6-674
143
9-265
24
1-555
64
4146
104
6-739
144
9-330
25
1-620
65
4-211
105
6804
145
9-395
26
1-684
66
4-276
106
6-868
146
9-460
27
1-749
67
4-341
107
6933
147
9-525
28
1-814
68
4-406
108
6-998
148
9-590
29
1-879
69
4-471
109
7063
149
9-655
30
1-944
70
4-536
110
7-128
150
9-720
31
2-O08
71
4600
111
7192
151
9-784
32
2073
1Z
4-665
112
7-257
152
9-848
33
2138
73
4-729
113
7-322
153
9-914
34
2-202
74
4-794
114
7-387
154
9 978
35
2-267
75
4-859
115
7-452
155
10044
36
2-332
76
4-924
116
7-516
156
10108
37
2397
77
4-989
117
7-581
157
10173
TO238
38
2-462
78
5054
118
7-646
158
39
2-527
79
5-119
119
7-711
159
10-303
40
2592
80
5184
120
7-776
160
10-368
C 127 )
TABLE
RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF
ENGLISH GRAIN S and FRENCH GRAMMES.
OMtMulib****
a**,
Gramm*.
Grains.
Gramme,
Grain.
Grammes.
161
10-432
201
13-024
241
15-016
290
18-79
102
10-497
202
13-089
242
15-680
300
19 44
163
10-502
203
13154
243
15-745
310
20-08
164
10-026
204
13-219
244
15-810
320
20-73
165
1001)1
205
13-284
245
15-875
330
21-38
160
10-756
200
13-348
246
15-940
340
22-02
167
10821
207
13-413
247
16005
350
22-67
168
10-886
208
13-478
248
16070
360
23 32
169
10-951
209
13-543
249
10136
370
23 97
170
11016
210
13-608
250
16-200
380
24-62
171
11080
211
13-672
251
1 6-264
390
25-27
172
11145
212
13-737
252
16-328
400
25 92
173
11-209
213
13-802
253
16394
410
26-56
174
11-274
214
13-867
254
16-458
420
2720
175
11-339
215
13-932
255
16-524
430
27-85
176
11-404
216
13996
256
16-588
440
28-50
177
11-469
217
14061
257
10-053
450
29-15
178
11-534
218
14126
258
16-718
460
29-80
179
11-599
219
14191
259
16-783
470
30 4r,
180
11-664
220
14-256
200
16848
480
3110
181
11-728
221
14320
201
16-912
490
31-75
182
11-792
222
14-385
262
16-977
500
32-40
183
11-858
223
14-450
263
17-042
510
3304
184
11-922
224
14-515
264
17-106
520
33-68
185
11-988
225
14-580
265
17-171
530
34-34
186
12052
226
14-644
266
17-236
540
34-98
187
12-117
227
14-709
267
17-301
550
35-64
188
12182
228
14-774
268
17*306
560
30-28
189
12-247
229
14-839
269
17-431
670
86-93
190
12-312
230
14-904
270
17-496
580
37-58
191
12-376
231
14-968
271
17 560
590
38-23
192
12-441
232
15-033
272
17-625
000
38-88
193
12-500
233
15-098
273
17-689
700
45 36
194
12571
231
15162
274
17-754
800
61-84
195
12-030
235
15227
275
17819
900
58 32
196
12-700
236
15292
276
17-884
I (KM)
64 80
197
12-765
237
15-357
277
17-949
■JINX)
129-60
198
12-830
238
15-422
278
18014
3000
194-40
199
1 2-895
239
15-487
279
18079
4U00
259-20
200
12-900
240
15-552
280
18144
5000
324 00
E^Sy^/
#.#
EARLY GOVtRUOWS,.
I
I
r .
■ H
i
i\
:;
EARLY GCNtRNOWo.
( 126 )
TABLE
RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF
ENGLISH GRAINS and FRENCH GRAMMES.
Grains
1
Grammes.
[Grains.
41
Grammes.
Grains.
(
Grammes.
Grains.
Grammes.
•064
2-656
81
5-248
121
7-840
2
129
42
2-720
82
5-312
122
7-905
3
•194
43
2-785
83
5-378
123
7-970
4
•259
44
2-850
84
5442
124
8-035
5
•324
45
2-915
85
5-508
125
8-100
6
•388
46
2-980
86
5-572
126
8-164
7
•453
47
3045
87
5-637.
127
8-229
8
•518
48
3-110
88
5-702
128
8-294
9
•583
49
3175
89
5-767
129
8-359
10
•648
50
3240
90
5-832
130
8-424
11
•712
51
3-304
91
5-896
131
8-488
12
•777
52
3368
92
5-961
132
8-553
13
•842
53
3*434
93
6026
133
8-618
14
•907
54
3-498
94
6091
134
8-682
15
•972
55
3-564
95
6-156
135
8-747
16
1036
56
3-628
96
6-220
136
8-812
17
1-101
57
3-693
97
6-285
137
8-877
18
1-166
58
3-758
98
6-350
138
8-942
19
1-231
59
3-823
99
6-415
139
• 9-007
20
1-296
60
3-888
100
6-480
140
9072
21
1-360
61
3-952
101
6-544
141
9136
22
1-425
62
4017
102
6-609
142
9-200
23
1-490
63
4-082
103
6-674
143
9-265
24
1-555
64
4146
104
6-739
144
9330
25
1-620
65
4-211
105
6-804
145
9-395
26
1-684
66
4-276
106
6-868
146
9-460
27
1-749
67
4-341
107
6933
147
9-525
28
1-814
68
4-406
108
6-998
148
9-590
29
1-879
69
4-471
109
7063
149
9-655
30
1-944
70
4-536
110
7-128
150
9-720
31
2^08
71
4600
111
7192
151
9-784
32
2-073
72.
4-665
112
7-257
152
9-848
33
2138
73
4-729
113
7-322
153
9-914
34
2-202
74
4-794
114
7-387
154
9-978
35
2-267
75
4-859
115
7-452
155
10044
36
2332
76
4-924
116
7-516
156
10108
37
2397
77
4-989
117
7-581
157
10173
40238
38
2-462
78
5054
118
7-646
158
39
2-527
79
5-119
119
7-711
159
10-303
40
2592
80
5-184
120
7-776
160
10-368
( 12' )
TABLE
RELATIVE WEIGHTS OF
ENGLISH GRAINS and FRENCH GRAMMES.
tab.
fc-nV*
**«
■*_
Grains.
G_
Grains.
mmm.
161
10-432
201
13024
241
15-616
290
18*79
162
10-497
202
13-089
242
15-680
300
1944
163
10-502
203
13154
243
15-745
310
20-08
164
10020
204
13-219
244
15-810
320
20-73
165
10091
205
13-284
245
15-875
330
21-38
160
10-750
206
13-348
246
15-940
340
22-02
167
10*821
207
13-413
247
16-005
360
22-07
168
10-886
208
13-478
248
16070
360
23 32
169
10-951
209
13543
249
16135
370
23 97
170
11016
210
13-608
250
16-200
380
2402
171
11-080
211
13-672
251
16-264
390
25-27
172
11-145
212
13-737
252
10-328
400
2592
173
11-209
213
13-802
253
16394
410
26-56
174
11-274
214
13-867
254
16-458
420
27-20
175
11-389
215
13-932
255
16-524
430
27-85
176
11-404
216
13-996
256
16-588
440
28-50
177
11-409
217
14061
257
16653
450
2915
178
11-534
218
14126
258
16-718
400
29-80
179
11-599
219
14-191
259
16-783
470
30-45
180
11664
220
14-256
260
16-848
480
3110
181
11-728
221
14-320
261
16-912
490
31-75
182
11-792
222
14-385
262
16-977
500
32-40
183
11-858
223
14-450
263
17042
510
3304
184
11-922
224
14-515
264
17106
520
33-68
185
11-988
225
14-580
265
17171
530
34-34
186
12062
226
14-644
2*56
17-236
640
34-98
187
12-117
227
14-709
267
17-301
550
35 04
188
12-182
228
14774
208
17-366
500
30*28
189
12-247
229
14-839
209
17-431
570
30-93
190
12-312
230
14-904
270
17-496
580
37-58
191
12-376
231
14968
271
17*660
590
38-23
192
12-441
232
15-033
272
17625
600
38-88
193
12-506
233
15-098
273
17-689
700
45-36
194
12571
234
15162
274
17-754
800
61-84
195
12-630
235
15227
275
17819
900
6832
196
12-700
230
15-292
276
17-884
1000
64-80
197
12-705
237
15-357
277
17 949
2000
129-00
198
12-830
238
15-422
278
18014
3000
194-40
199
12-895
239
15-487
279
18-079
4000
25920
200
12-900
240
15-552
280
18144
5000
324 00
EARLY GOVtRNOWa.
■I
. I
■i
EARLY G0NE.RNOW&.
%>
e
7B EL-*AZEEZ
"%jggj -*h®
%
:2>
EL-HAKIM 98
FATIMEE KHMXtSttW
I
FATIMEE KHk\XUWi.
<& ^P
-3^
• A ©
el-mustan?ir
fXtimle wnvksw?..
Vh. '
282 288
EL-MUSTA' LEE
^
EL-HAFIDh
EDH-DHAFIR
336
FATIMEE KHkV.O_V^.W^.
MEMLOOK PLRVOQ.^C.
L
