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o
CATALOGUE
OF TEE
BIRDS
This Volume (XXVII.) being ready first, is issued in
advance of Vols. XXIV., XXV., and XXVI., which
will be published in the course of next year.
W. H. FLOWER,
Dtctmher iiO, IHVr,. Director.
VOLUME XXVII.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
1895.
D
CATALOGUE
OF THE
BIRDS
IS THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
VOLUME XXVII.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY OKDEK OF THE TRUSTEES.
1895.
LIBRARY OF THE
LELAND STANFORD JR. UNIVERSITY.
a2. '??•<?/
CATALOGUE
OF THE
CHENOMORPH-aE
(PALAMEDE^, PHCEXICOPTERI, ANSERES),
CRYPTURI,
AND
RATIT JE
IN THE
COLLECTION
OF THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
BY
T. SALVADORL
LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
80LD BY
LONO&fAXS ft Co., S9 PATERNOSTER ROW ;
B. QCAKITCH. 16 PICCADILLY; DULAU ft Co., 37 80H0 SQUARE. W.:
ILEOAN PAUL ft Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING- CROSS BOAD:
A2fD AT TUX
BS1TI8U MUBBUM (NATURAL UISTOBY). CBOMWELL ROAD. S.W
1895.
PREFACE.
f
tf^r^^v«^\/s
The numbers of the species of Birds treated of in this Volume, and
of the specimens at present in the CoUection, are as follows : —
Species. Types. Spedznens.
ChenomorphaB 205 31 5044
Crypturi 65 29 363
Ratitffi 26 7 134
In none of the preceding volumes has the number of desiderata
been so small as in the present ; only eight species of the Anseres,
seven of the Tinamous, and four of the Eatitse being entirely
unrepresented by specimens in the Museum* Beside the 67 types
of recognized species, the Collection contains 25 other typical
specimens which are now regarded as referable to species pre-
viously named and described.
The unrivalled collection of Tinamous formed by Messrs. Godman
and Salvin, and supplemented by the loan of numerous specimens
from Continental Museums, has enabled the author to discriminate
considerably more species than his predecessors were inclined to
admit.
The Hon. Walter Eothschild, whose collection of Apteryx far
surpasses that in the British Museum, has given most valuable
assistance in the preparation of this Catalogue by lending these as
well as other specimens to the author.
The present volume concludes the series of the ' Catalogue of
Birds.' Thanks to the energy with which Count Salvadori has
applied himaolf to the work, its publicatioo precedes that of
Yolames 24, 25, and 26. However, it will bo followed imme-
diately by 701111116 25, which containa the GulU and Petreb, while
it IB a matter of regret that no Buoh proxpect can be held out aa
regards the other two Tolnmos. In a final volume it is intended
to give a EUpplcmcntary list of the species described eince the
publication of the several volumes, and an Index to the whole
work.
ALBERT GtJNTHER,
Keeptr of the DejiaHiMnt of Zooloijii.
Britiah MiiKnin (N. II.].
September 6, I8ay
INTRODUCTION.
The present volume contains the account of the Chenomorphss
(Palamedefls, Phoenicopteri, and Anseres), Crypturi, and Batitse.
As to the Chenomorphce, the PalamedeoB and the PJuxniccpieri
contain only a few species, the great bulk consisting of the
Afueres. The literature relating to these is very scattered, and
few works are specially devoted to thorn. The first attempt at a
complete account was Eyton's ' Monograph of the AnatidsB, or Duck
Tribe/ published in 1838.
Between 1845 and I80O Dr. Reichenbach, in the ^ Synopsis
Avium,' gave rather indifferent figures, mostly copies, of the ' Nata-
tores ' known in his time.
Prince Bonaparte, in 1856, published the " Conspectus Anserum
Systematicus " (Compt. Bend, xliii. pp. 648-652), with a nominal
list of 1 72 Bpecies known to him.
Schlegcl, in 1866, published in the ' Museum des Pays-Bas ' an
account of the ^Anseres' contained in the Lcyden Museum (pp. 122);
they numbered 1199 specimens, belonging to 140 species.
In 1869 Eyton published for private circulation a ^ Synopsis of
the Anatidte,' by which our knowledge was not advanced.
G. B. Gray, in 1871, in the 'Hand-list,' gave a nominal list of
all the species then known, about 183, of which some cannot be
maintained.
Although not of a general character, the **Bevision of the
Neotropical Anatidae " (P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 358-412), published by
Sdater and Salvin, may be considered the best essay hitherto
written on this suborder. A very important contribution also is
ScJater^s ** List of the certainly known Species of Anatidse "
(P. Z. S. 1880, pp. 496-536) ; the species included in this paper
amount to 176.
The number of species recognized in the present Catalogue is 196,
VUl IVTBODUOTION.
besides a few of a more doabtfnl character ; three are now described
for the first time.
In the ClasBification of the Anseres, I have oloaely followed
that propOBed by Sclater and Salvin in 1876 (I. c), and by Solater
in 1880, the only new feature in my arrangement being the inititu-
tion of a new subfamily, Chenonettince, the membere of which have
the external appearance of Geese, hat the males have a larynx
famished with a bnlla ossea, as in Anatirux,
Not much has hitherto been done in the systematic and doBcrip-
tive treatment of the order Cryptvri.
Wagler published in 1827, with excellent lalin descriptions,
Uouographs of the genera Crypturvt, Notknra, and Shynehotu$,
containing all the species then known.
Gray, in 1867, in the ' List of the Gallins in the British Uusenm,'
gave an aoconnt, with deacriptioDs of many new species, of the
whole group, numbering about 55 species. A nominal list of the
same appears in the ' Hand-list ' (1871).
Finally Schlegel, in the ■ Museum des Pays-Bas,' published in 1880
a Monograph of the ' Tinami,' pp. 1-57 ; the species mentioned by
him number 33, represented by 134 specimens.
The species recognized in the present volume amount to 65, of
which 14 are described as new.
In working out the Tinamous I have received much Bf&istance
INTRODUOIIOK. IX
Monograph of the ^ Aves Stmthiones/ represented in that museum
by 37 specimens, belonging to 14 species. In 1877 J. de Mosenthal
and J. E. Harting published a rolume on ' Ostriches and Ostrich
Farming,* which contains a useful rSsume of our knowledge of
Struthioas Birds«
In working out these three groups of birds I have found that of
the Anseres most laborious, on account of the exceedingly great
number of references and of the many phases of plumage through
which these birds pass, and which are not always easy to understand.
The study of the Tinamous is very difficult, especially as the limits
of variation seem wide and the species often ill-defined ; a very
extensive series of specimens is necessary in order to arrive at any
definite conclusion. Fortunately I have been helped by many
friends, either with suggestions or with the loan of rare and typical
specimens; and I desire to express my thanks particularly to
Mr. Salvin, Mr. Sclater, Mr. Seebohm, the Hon. W. Rothschild,
Mr. Hartert, Prof. A. Newton, Dr. Oustalet, Dr. Dubois,
Dr. Reichenow, Graf von Berlepsch, Canon Tristram, Dr. Forbes,
Mr. Ridgway, Mr. Allen, Dr. Hartlaub, Prof. Barboza du Bocage,
Dr. Schauinsland, Dr. Stolzmann, and Prof. P. Godot.
T. SALVADORI.
Turin, Zoological Miueum,
August, 1895.
)
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Order XIX.
CHENOMORPH^.
Suborder I. PALAMEDE^.
Fam. P A L A M E D E I D £.
Pafje
1. Palamedea, Ltnn 2
1. comuta, Linn 3
2. Chauna, IlUff 4
1. chavaria {Linn,) 4
2. cristata (Sw.) 0
Suborder II. PIICENICOPTERI.
Fam. Phcenicoptebid^.
1. PhoenicopteruSy Linn 9
1. ruber, Linn 9
2. roseus, Pall, 12
3. chileusis, Mol, 16
2. Phoeniconaias, G. R. Or. . 18
1. minor {Geoffr,) 18
3. Phoenicoparrus, Bp 21
1. andinus (Philippi) 21
2. jamesi (JRahmer) .... 22
Suborder HI. ANSERES.
Fam. An ATI D^.
Subfam. I. Cygnin2B.
1. Cygnus, Bechst 25
davidi, Smnh 25
1. musicus, BechU 26
2. bewicki, Yarr 29
3. columbianus (Ord) . . 32
4. buccinator, Bich 33
6. olor {Gm,) 35
6. melancorypbus (Mol.) . 39
2. Chenopis, Wa^l 41
I. atrata (Lath.) 41
3. Coscoroba, Rchnb 42
1. Candida ( ru;»Y/.) 42
Subfam. II. ANSEBAXATINiE.
4. Anseranas, Leu 44
1. semipalmata (Lath.) . . 44
Subfam. III. Plectroptkrin-k.
5. Plectropterus, I^each .... 40
1. rUppelli, 8clat 47
2. gambensis (Linn.) .... 48
3. niger, Sclat 50
4. scioanus, Salvad 51
C. Cairina, Flem 61
1. moschata (Linn.) .... 51
7. Sarcidiomis, Ei/t 54
1. melanonota (Benn.) . . 54
2. caruncubita (lUig.) . . 59
8. Asarcorais, Salvad 59
1. scutulata (^.3fu//.) .. 60
9. Rhodonessa, Bchnb 61
1. caryophyllacea (Lath.). 61
10. Pteronetta, Salvad 63
1. hartlaubi(Ow«.) 63
11. Nettopufl, Brandt 64
1. auritus (Bodd.) 65
2. pulcbellus, Gould .... 67
3. coromandelianus ( Gm.) 68
4. albipennis, Gould .... 72
12. Mjij Boie 72
1. sponsa (Linn.) 73
2. galericnlata (Linn.) . . 76
Subfam. IV. Cebeopsdj-^.
13. Cere<»psis, Lath 79
1. noTSB bollandiffi, Lath. . 79
Cnemiomis, OweJi 81
1. calcitrant, Owen 81
BTSTBH&TIC IXDBX.
Subfam. V. Asbxsisjb.
7. arborea (Linn.)
^
14
Chen, Boie . ,
164
l.tUBrulescens (ii'nn.) .
82
9. ejtooi [GouJd]
lea
2. byperboreua (Poff.) .
84
24. Chenalopex, Staph
166
1. KtrvptiflcuB (Linn.) .
4. roasi (Jao-d)
•2. iiibatU3 iSpiv)
25. TaJoma, ZeacA
1. cornlita {S. G. Ota.) .
2. radjnb {Oam.)
15
8H
170
2. ruhrirostris. £«/«. .
91
176
02
90. Casaica, Bp
4. gambeli, tfarll
OS
l.nitiia(Jhtf.)
177
5. BlTthropua [Linn.) . . .
II. &bftli8 {Lath.)
97
f<9
2.cana(t^.)
S. Tariegata (Cm.)
189
183
7. Reiriniiitrin, Oouid . . .
lUl
185
102
27. Anas, Li««
187
8. brachvrhvnchus, Baill.
KIR
ouBtaleti, Snirarf. ...
189
S. indicus (ia(A.)
pBTftndis(fitn.)
nn-
2. wviUiaDB, Sdat. . . .
196
18
OygnopBiri, Brandt
107
199
1. cypooides {Lirm.) . . .
m
17
Pbilncte, Bmiviiter
KM
6. obscnra, Gm
200
1. c«u»gica (Sevaitianoff
KH)
6. fulviguU, .R.-d^. ...
202
l.can«dvni,ig(ir«n.)...
112
8. diari, Rid^o
ft aberti, Rtdgw
204
2. hiitohinai (JTw-A.) ...
114
204
im
10. iHzonica, FroKr
205
4. minima, Iii(ifW
MB
11. Buperciliosa, Qm. . , .
206
117
12. pajdlorhyncha, Forstfr 209
13. zonorhyncha, S^ninh. .
7. nigripaos(iaipr.) ...
IW
14. iindolota, IhAoi* . . .
212
8. ruBcollifl (PaU.)
\U
15. sparsB, Smith
213
Neeochen. Salvad.
\'.>.n
1. sandvicenais ( J'ig.) .
m
2P. Eunntta, Bp
218
jH
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STaTEMATIC OIPEZ.
61. Mergnnetta, GmM 457
1 . frionatji, Salvad. 468
2. &rmHta, Go«ld 458
3. turreri, 8d. * Saiv. . . 460
4. ffarleppi, Bertepath . , 480
5. leucogenjs {T>ch.) 461
6. columbiBDS, Dea MuTt. 463
SuMitin. XI. MsBonrx.
62. Mei^uB, Lim. 463
] . FJbfltluB, Liim 404
63. liophodytw, Scknb 468
l.cucullatiw(£»in.).... 468
64. Mermiiser, 5™« 471
1. cfwtor (Lmn.) 473
2. comutua, Saload 475
3. aroericHiius (Com.) .. 477
4. squ&niatmi [Oould) . . 478
6. eermlor [Linn.) 479
6. aQst™li?l2rOTnft.*Jac7.) 4S4
7. braailianus (nVi^.) .. 485
Order XX. CRYPTURI.
Fam. TiNAMiD.*.
Subfam. I. Tinamins.
1. Tinamu.^, Loth im
l.tao, Ttmm 497
2. robustua, Sdat 600
3. fuscipenuis, StUvad. . . 600
4. Bolitariua ( VieiU.) 501
6. major {Gm.) 602
6. flubciiatfttuB (CVii.) '"'"
12. simplex, Salvad. 531
13. bfllBtoni, BarU 631
14. atrieapillua, Tick 683
15. garleppi, Berl 633
10. BtriguitMUfl (remm.) .. 533
17. erythropuB {Natt.) . . 634
18. variegftius (iMh.) 535
19. salvini, Salvad. 637
20. breTirostriB {Natt.) . . 538
21. bartletti, Bel. * Sain. . 538
22. noctivaeia ( Wied) . . 539
SS. disamihB, SalBod. 541
24. cinnamomeua {Left.) . . 641
25. boiicordi {SaiU] 644
26. columbianus, Salnad.. . 545
27. mcxicanus, Salvad. ,.646
28. occidental ia, Salrad. . . 546
29. tranaftLSciatu^, Sd. 4*
Sah 546
4. RbTnchiituK, a»i 547
1. hifesceos [Temm.) .... 548
2. niBCulicollis, G. R. Gr. 550
5. Nolhoprocta, Sd. Sf Salt: . 550
1. tacMHO'wskii.Sf/.i^-Sn/r. 661
2. cinnnace-aa {Bvrm.) . . 552
3. per4icftria [KitU.) 553
4. coquiiabica, Salia^. . . 654
6. peutlandi ((?. R. Or.) . 555
6. curriroJitriB, Set. * Sate. 666
7. omatft (G. Jt Gr.) 567
8. brsDickii, Toes. 558
6. Nothum, War/l. 658
1. macuioen (T'emni.) 559
~ ' ■ogiittaf*, Sattad. . . 6G0
STSTEMATIC IVDEX.
XV
2. molTbdophanes, Lmn, . 574
3. australis. Gum, 575
Order n. RHE.E,
Fam. Rhxidjb.
1. Rhea, Lath, 677
nana, Lydekk 578
1. americana {Lmn,^ .... 578
2. macrorh jncha, StiaL . . 581
3. darwini, (i^oicitf 582
Older IIL CASUARII.
Fam. L DBOMJBiDiB.
1. Dromsus, TieUL 585
1. noTS hollandilb {Lath) 586
2. ater, FfetW. 588
3. irroratus, Barti, 589
Fam. n. Casuabiidjb.
1. CasnariuB, Bris^ 590
1. tricaruncnlatuB, Becc . 591
2. Inearunculatus, Sdat, . 591
3. galeatUJS Btmn^ 592
4. au8trali9. Wall 594
5. salvadorii, Oh$U 595
6. bec«arii, ^2af 506
7. uniappendiculatus,
Blyth 597
8. occipitaliA, SahatL 598
9. papuanus, Bomnb 599
10. picticollis, Seiat 600
11. bennetti, GaM 601
Older IV. APTERYGES.
Fam. Aptkryqidjb.
1. Apterjx, Shaw 603
1. australia, Shaw 604
2. lawryi. BothschUd 606
3. mantelli, BarU. (X)7
4. oweni, Gould 609
5. ocddentaHs, Bothiich, . 610
6. haasti, Potts 611
I
CATALOGUE
OF
BIRDS
— ♦
Order XIX. CHENOMORPH^.
This Order, the name of which has been proposed by Haxley,
comprises all those Carinate birds which combine at least the
following two characters : —
Palate desmognathoos ; young covered with down and able to run
or swim in a few hours after hatching.
The other common characters of the group are :—
^cck long, without apteria; oil-gland tufted; wings aquinto-
oubital ; rhamphotheca with ceroma ; nares pervious ; maxillo-
palatines coalesced across the middle line ; mandible much produced
and curved upwards behind its articulation with the quadrate;
flexor perforans digitorum leading to all three anterior digits, but
not to the hallux ; ambiens muscle present. Eggs white. — Range
cosmopolitan. Habits aquatic.
Synopsis of the Suborderi,
a. No uncinate processes on the ribs ;
margins of the bill not laminated. 1. PALAMEDEJB, p. 2.
b. Uncinate processes on the ribs ;
margins of bill laminated.
a'. Tarsus three times the length of
the femur, scutellated in front
and at back ; bill abruptly bent
in the middle 2. PHCENIOOFTERI, p. 8.
6'. Tarsus about the length of the
femur, reticulated at back and
generally in front ; bill straight,
always with a distinct nail at
the tip of the upper mandible. 3. ANSEBES, p. 23.
VOL. XXVII. B
FAL4VE|]BIL)£.
Suborder I. PALAMEDE*.
Boside the absence of uncinoto proceBSps to the ribs, a unique
character among birda, the .Screamers are distinguished from the
other ChenomorphK by the mediun basiptery^oid processes, the
absence of a ventral and nlraoat of any other bare traet, the tarsus
being less than one and a half times thn length of the femur,
reticulated in front and behiud, the anterior toes being connected bv
rudimentary webs, and by non-laminated margins of the bill.
In external appearance the Screamers present the following
features; — Head amall, neck covered with small soft feathers.
Bill of a gallinaceous shape, much shorter than the head, with the
haac rather thick, and covered with soft shin ; nostrils oblong,
broad, situated rather lower down ; dortrum short, convex, with
the tip obtuse, bent down.
Wiiigs large, rounded, broad, with the secondaries very large ■ ;
carpal portion with two spurs, the anterior one much the largest.
Tail of 14 or 12 feathers, broad, nearly half the length of the
wing.
Feet thick, moderately hiph ; tibioi naked inferiorly ; toes very
long, the median one subcqnal t« the tarsns, united at the base by
a short membrane ; feet covered with small hexagonal scaler, dis-
posed transversely on the toes ; nails rather strong, the posterior
ono the largest : hallux long and strong.
The Screamers are confined to the Neotropical Region,
One family only.
L F
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4 FlLlllEOKIDS,
Adult mall. Feathers of the top of the bead black, mixed with
white ooee; neck and upper parts glossy black, feathers of the
lover part of the neck in front and on the aides grey, with a black
band at the tip; breast black ; abdomen white; under tail oorerts
black; wings glossy black, but the smaller wing-coverts white,
those near the median black edged with white; carpal edge
white ; base of the primaries, including the base of the shafts,
white; under wing-coverte whitish; tail Mack: "iris bright
orange ; upper mandible dark brown-grey, lower mandible paler ;
frontal horn yellowish white ; legs and feet ashy grey " (Wud).
Total length about 34 inches, wing 22-5, tail 11, culmen 1'4,
tarsDs 4-4.
Female. Similar to the mate, but, according to Prince Neu-
wied, the grey feathers of the neck are shorter, the anterior part
of the head and the upper neck more brownish; a female in the
British Mnsenm has the smaller wing-coverts buff.
Hah. Guiana, Yenesuela, and Amazonia, west as far as Ecuador
and Eastern Peru.
a. Ad. sk. S. America.
b. $ ad. Hk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bnrtlett, Esq.
[C.J.
e. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador Salvin-Qodman Coll.
2. CHAUJTA. .
Type.
Chauna, i%. Prodr. Mamm. et Av. p. 253 (1611} .... C. ciislata.
Ghavaria, Rafinaqie, Analjfe,^. TO (1816).
Opistholophos, yteiU. Aaainte, pp. 60, 70 (ISld) C. cristata.
IschyromiB, SchA. Av. Stftt. Nat. p. «i (1862) C. chavaiia.
Ischyomis, il/>. Onnpt. JZMd.xliU.p.69e,gen.lOU(18fi6).
CbKaia it-ryKA. G. M^ G* Gtm. JSL s. ?. 4ftfL a. ±.iL MI
AbV. * !ywt liur. I^^i:. p. JQS JVoai: ; Samtl RZS, Ir^.
:k 377. ^i^^ Tu - -a* L*li5* p. 'fr»5 ; JEmtc. P ZLS. I^:i5L ^n, :**,
ji«. jBwc: iu pa. »&. rv:. X 4ir ■ T-^>fatf : ^ >: Z ;».
Ci
:*?* : Saiii J^ Sua. XimtmeL Jtx, Xntmo. p. 'jjS 1^72
CmttrtibL l*± p. Tl^; iL f^; Zm£ <^B-t. x Ti I*i' .
RT. ^MT ry. ^t 'sta -iL p. 414 liW- : El iW. 1*1?. p. iTO
V^n^nusui ; A, J^rvr. Imrt.ifR. pc m. p. ^^ I^sfrt*.
LwiiTrrcifs fiofiviiuk. JbsMS. .^2. J^|H<i A^ p. zxi I I^sad' . G. R,
G^, Rad-^me:^ p. 7L a- :»36« I*n j_^
Lic2TfrEaft^ -ief^'jaab. Jb. Omvr. M^mi. ilxix. p. -Sits, il t^ . I^^iir!' .
PikmiHin tetany Sdtte^ & DHra^ p. :^IM liiU ; idL JKhl
P.-5.. g^rr X r:i I=i'^> Botpitt ; Gwk TIbl Oil m. x Li
Cbaanm Tyinii.iiK :Scfiie. P.ZS, Isf/iiL p. . -^ pL xL . 3S^v Gzanaiift v
I'?i?«* X fir*!. I'^^WL X 3l!^ =i&a%wiA>.
=«:. ia^^ana. rtT P Z A I-slHL x 417 .
A3^roMT : «w FiESec p. Z ^ L^tS%.. pe. ^L ^"^ i iiL JLaiL ± Xv.
y. EL :]' ET. ^ 14+-I50 L'i4l». ; G«in^ P. Z S. 1^75. tj. *li
I?OS.9o. IM>^^} «.-Ticifdii« jiciJLp. I^u pl& xiL. x^.. xi^^ XT. ;
FiztK^' R Z S. I?77. pp. JOT. J»L £ I <^aa. ; ^ Eob. I^I«
m IL ±>; Bttfafiust P. Z S. la^ pp. 17^ L«l ; sdua. Um.
piLer: iq^^ port; of tite&eadiKk zreT-: .yrfpfcil ooc
cvy : <^i>ek9«. fii£» of ^&« fr^if. &ui timac wbOft,. i&arply »ftMfTTiwt
nrrnn. die ilmik. wixiclL ijcm» s broad otHot vmad tiie misfnaiL uarc
It die neck : jit^tien ai t^ Ljwar pare of z&e neck, iit die Tuii&ar-
parts, md iba die unairiT wine-wrRrca. mare or leai widi paler
tdcwoi tsK^^xrak *i£ cbe orriaL etise binaiiLy eited widi wkcce:
pnnaryHnvera diiabtlT ^sdeeii wick whioe -hl die inner web ; inuier
wimr-eoverts whice; prmntrnj* ami z^-Seaxsuea 4acj biatck: biH
md &ac red (?\ Tocal Loigck a&mic ±& inehea^ wine sbQUC I^^ !2ul ^.
Afik TiffwimriA and CaimnhiB.
«. JmLic ' Jumaii'a. '
9> Ad, ic *^Araw>»aJ V-*nt*gneia.
& ,£^ Ad ^ Caztaizqna ZmiLSicw
d cf <>d ikeiflCaiL Camupma.
«. Bimaa if rhe annk.
ZmL Sie.
ZwL Sk.
SilTin-t^iiiiman C«iQ.
Sibni-4ji]ihxuixi CfliL
PILIHDEIDX.
8. Chaona cristata.
ChHJA, D'Azara, Apunt. i. p. lOd, n. 341 (1806) ) id. Fuy. [ed. &«m.)
iv. p. 179(1809); i>«m™(, Wrt.Se. AW.iiJi. p.CO {parL)(1816).
Chauna chavarU, JUig. Frodr. M. et A. p. 254 (part.) (18U) ; Cve.
mgn. An. i. p. 499 (1817) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. aii. 1, p. 272 (part.)
(W2i) ; Lesi. Man. iTOm. ii. p. 287 (1828) ; Cko. Rton. An. 2nd ed.
i. p. 536(1829); I.e»i. Oimpl. de Buff., Om. vii.p.603 (1830); id.
(W. c>f.2oded. p. 25311838) ;fiii>ti. Ven. 6a. Miu. v. 114 {1M4);
O.lLOr. lAitB. Brit. M>». iii. p. 114 (1844) ; id. Gen. B. m. p. 591,
' ' - • - ■■ .i".". ...... ^2ara't Apunt. ■p. S3
a.ff.ll34"-35(1848)
CTMi, ,^!i.p.88(1854)
Bp. Cb'mpt. Rend, iliii. p. 598, a. 285 (1866) ; Biirm. J.f. 0. 1858,
p. 153 [ Cria>, P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 14-16 (anatom;) ; sdat. P. Z. S.
1864, p. 75, 180(1, p. 370 ; Sdat. ^ Saiv. V. Z. S. 1868, p. 145 (Con-
chitM) ; Ftb.. On. Bra*, pp. 314, 458, hiii (1870) (Cuyaba, Villa
Maria, Kio do Cabafal, Matogroseo, Rio Guapor^) ; Q. R. Or.
Hand-liit, iii. p. 71, d. 10543 (1871); Sundev. Melh. nut. Av.
ditp. Tmt. p. 133 (1872) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1872, p. C03 (Zool.
Giird.); Sdk. ^ Salv. Nommct. Av. Neotrop. p. 128 (1873);
Hudson, i". Z. S. 1876, p. 108 ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 189,
180; Dumf. Ibi», 1876, p. 162, 1877, p. 190 (egg and nesti
Buenos Ajres), 1878, p. 63 (Buenoa Ayres); GOiton, Ibi»,
pp. 415, 417, 1880, pp. 165-167 (habits : Buenos Ayres) ; J
JbU, 1880, p. 425; White, P.Z.S. 1882, p. 625; -HcAbw
CetdratU. 1882, p. 30 ; id. Voff. Zool. GUii. p. 71 (1882) ; ScM.
Lilt Vert.. An. 8th ed. p. 414 (1883) ; Barrom, Auk, 1884, p. 272
(Entrerioa) ; Stign. Stand. Nat. Httt. it. Btrdt, p. 134 (1885)
Qoodchad,ibid. p. 196 ; Newt. Enc. Brit.mi ed. xxi. p. 562 (1886)
Berl.J.f.0. Iffi7,p. 124; Sdat. Argent. Om. ii.p. 119 (1889)
id. P. Z. 5.1880, p.i>86(egg8iniilarlo Ihatof the (Jeese) ; id. Ibis,
1800. pp. 43-5.427 (chick); Htin.u.Rchnv:. Num. Mas. Hfin. OrH.
p^322 (ParagiiBj) (1890); Frenzel,J.f. O. 1891, p. 13.1; Hortert.
2. CHAUNA. 7
Chauna fidelis, part, Ranz. Elem, di ZooL iii. 8, p. 33 (1826).
Palatnedea cristata, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 351 (1837) {ex PI. Col. 219).
Palamedea lophyra, Natt. Cat MS., teste Pelz. Onu Bras. p. 314
(1870).
Adult male. General coloar dark grey ; upper parts glossy slate-
grey, underparts paler, belly whitish; chin and cheeks whitish
grey ; middle part of the neck black, with a naked ring all round ;
occipital crest dark grey ; feathers of the breast slaty grey, paler on
the edges ; smaller wing-coverts along the cobit with pale edges ;
primary-coverts white on the inner edges, the innermost also on the
outer; inner primaries white at the base; under wing-coverts
white ; tail slaty black : bill (?) ; iiis brown ; feet red. Total
length about 36 inches, wing 20*5, tail 9, culmen 1-5, tarsus 4*5.
Female. Similar.
Young in down. Of a yellow-brown colour ; head light rust-
colour, neck pale grey, back pale chocolate ; wings and breast grey :
iris wood-brown ; feet brick-red (Dumford).
Hah. Argentine Bepublic, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Southern
Brazil.
a, b. 2 ^' ^' [Cayenne.] Purchased.
e. 2 *d- 8^' ^^^ Guapop6, July (Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll.
terer).
d. (S juv. St. Paraguay. J. H. Gurney, Esq.
[P.].
e. 2 ad. sk. La Plata, Nov. {R W. White). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/. Juv. St. Buenos Ayres. Purchased.
a. Pull. sk. Buenos Ayres, Feb. H. Dumford, Esq.
[C.].
A. Skeleton. ZooL Soc.
PH(EH1C0PTBBIII2.
Suborder II. PH(ENICOPrERI.
Bib* with onoinate procesBes ; basipteiygoid procesaes absent or
very radimentary ; la-crymo-uasal region elongated ; frontalia narrow,
not oovering ibo orbits above ; grooves for orbital glanda present ;
cteOB well developed; a ventral bare tract; wing a^nintocnbital ;
tarsne three timeB the length of the femur, acatellated in front and
behind ; anterior toes fully webbed ; margin of bill laminated.
Besides, the Flamingoes have a very long neck, with 18 or 19
eervioal vertebra, tbe bill abrnptly bent in the middle and more or
less pointed, the tongne lai^e and thick, the general plumage of a
rosy colour, whicli on the wing-coverts changes into bright crimaon
red. They build a nest with mnd, and lay only one white e^ ; the
young are covered with whitish down, and nidifngous, and have the
bill straight.
Flamingoes are tropical birds.
On the anatomy of tbe Flamtngoee, see Owen, " On tbe Anatomy
of the Flamingo" (P. Z.S. 1832, pp. 141^144); Milne-£dwaidB,
** Caract^ree ost^logiques de la Famille des Phcenicopteridea ''
(Oss. Foss. ii. pp. ,^5^2, ISee-Vl) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 460,
467 (both carotids), p. 638 (muscles); Oadow, "Anatomic des
PkcmieopteTVt roteut und seine Stellung im System " (J. f. 0. 1877,
pp. 382-398, pL 6. figs, la, lb); Weldon, W. F. R., " On some
Points in tbe Anatomy of Phceniroptervn and its alliee " (F. Z. 8.
1883, pp. 638-652, pis. lix., Ix.) ; Parker, W. K., " On the ' Manus '
(A Phanieopttrv*'' {-Itiifi: 1889, pp. 18:V185); Bbufeldt, » Note on
the Anserine Affinities of the Flamingoes " (' Science,' 1 889, pp. 224,
1. PBCENICOPTEBUS. 9
1. PHCENICOPTERUS ^
Type.
Phoenicoptenis, Linn, S. N. i. p. 230 (1766) P. ruber.
Phoenicorodias (subgen), G. E, Gr. IbiSf 1869, p. 441 P. ruber.
Range, Pala&arctic, Ethiopian, Indian, and Neotropical Begions.
Key to the Species,
a. General plumage vermilion-red ruher^ p. 9.
6. General plumage rosy white ; wings rosy red.
a'. Apical black part of the bill not reaching the
bend rosetis, p. 12.
b'. Apical black part of the bill extended above the
bend MlensiSf p. 16.
1. Phoenicopterns ruber.
Phoenicoptenis americanus, Seba, Mus. i. p. 108, tab. Ixvii. f. I
(1734).
Phoenicopterus phoeniceus, Barr. Hist Fr, E^. p. 140 (1743).
Phoenicoptenis gujanensis, Barr. Om. Class, i. p. 21, gen. viii. sp. 3
(1745).
Phoenicopterus bahamensis, Catesb. Carol, i. p. 73, pi. 73 (good),
p. 74, pi. 74 (head) (Bahamas, Cuba) (1764).
Phoenicoptenis, Broum, Nat. Hist, of Jam. p. 480 (Cuba, Jamaica)
(1756).
Phoenicopterus ruber, part., Linn. S. N. ed. 10, gen. 72, sp. 1 (1758).
Phoenicopterus, part., Briss. Orn. vi. p. 632, pi. xlvii. f. 1 (1760) ;
Gerim, Star, degli Ucc, v. tav. 496 (1776).
Phoenicopterus ruber, part., Linn, 8, N. i. p. 230, n. 1 (1764) ; Scop,
Ann, 1, Hist. Nat. n. 114 (part.) (1769) ; Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 612,
n. 1 (part.) (1788); Lath, Ind. Om. ii. p. 788, n. 1 (part.)
(1790) ; Geofr. Bull. Sc. Soc. PkUom. i. 2, n. 13, p. 98 (part)
(1798) ; Blig. Prodr. p. 270 (part) (1811) ; Temm. Man. p. 378
(part) (1815) ; VieiU. N. D. xxv. p. 517 (part.) (1817) ; Bum,
Diet. Sc. Nat. xvii. p. 96 (part.) (1820) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xii. 1,
p. 186 (part.) (1824).
Phoenicopterus ruber, Bonn. Enc. MHh. i. p. 162 (1790) (Am^rique
m6ridionale) ; Wils. Am. Om. viii. p. 45, pi. 66 (1814) ; Temm.
Man. d'Om. 2nd ed. p. 587 (note) (1820); Brehm, Lehrb. d.
Naturgesch. alle eur. Vog. ii. p. 662 (1824) ; Bp. Ann. Lye. N. Y.
ii. p. 348, n. 282 (1826); id. Speech. Comp. p. 67, n. 218(1827) ;
Temm. PI. Col., genre Flammant, esp. 2 (hvr. 71, 1827); Bp.
Syn. n. 282 (1828); Drapiez, Diet. Class, xiii. p. 362 (1828);
Bp, Isisy 1832, p. 1177, n. 282 ; Nutt. Man. ii. p. 70 (1834) ; Bp.
Comp. List J p. 64, n. 863 (1888) ; Aud. Om. Biogr. v. p. 256,
pi. 431 (1839); id. Syn. p. 269 (1839); id. B. Am. vi. p. 169,
pi. 375 (1843); Hartl. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 116 (1844); G. B. Gr.
List B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 126 (1844) ; Behnb. Syn, Av., Natatores,
t. 108. f. 417 (1845); G. R Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 603, n. 2 (1846) ;
Denny, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 39 (Jamaica^ ; Gosse, B. Jam, p. 390
(1847) (Jamaica, Cuba) ; Hartl. Isis, 1847, p. 606 (W. Indies);
Cab. in Schomb. Guiana, iii. p. 761 (1848) (Coast of British Guiana
and Bird Island) ; Licht. Nom. Av. f. 90 (1854) (Brazil !) ; Bp.
Consp. Gen. Av. ii. p. 145 (1856) ; td. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 724
rHtEMCOPTRBt J>X .
a. 140 (1866), xliii. p. 992 (1866) ; BiMe, J. f. 0. 1866, p. 166
(Zool. Gard.) ; Coft. ^ Gmidl. J.f. O. 1856, p. 432 (CuU) ; SaOS,
P. Z. S. 1857, p. 236 (San Domingo); TAimem. J. /. 0. 1857,
p. 166 (eire) ; Out- <« Baird't B. N. Am. p. 687 (1856) (Florida
fcevB) ; Baird, Cat. N. Am, B. n. 502 (1869) ; A. ^ E Neat.
Iba, 1869, p. 365 (St. Croix P) ; Bryant, Pr. Bost. Soe. N. H. rii.
p. 121 (1859) (BnhamM) ; ffurdie. Natural, in Bermuda, p. 55
(1859); MaHm»,J.f. O. 1869, p. 219{Bermudft); Wurdem. Aim.
Rep. Smiths. Imt. 1860, pp. 426-430 (Gape Sable and the KejB)*;
Brewer, Pr. Bost. Stoc. JV. H. vii. p. 308 (1860) (Cuba); Albrecht,
J.f. 0. 1861, p. C6 (Bahamas), 1862, p. 206 (Jamaica); March,
Pr. Acad. Fhilad. 1864, p. 65 (Jamwca) ; Schlt^. Mat. P.-B.,
Anserea, p. 117 (1866) ; Gtuidt. RepeH. Fiaco-Nat. Oiba. i. p. 386
(1866); Sclut. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 418 (ZooLGaid.); Bryant, Pr.
Bolt. Soc. N. H. xi. p. 97 (1867) (San Domingo) ; .Eyion, OOeoL Av.
pi. 4K pi. 28. f. 2 (1869); O.R.Gr. Ibui, 18^, p. 443, pL xv. £ 7
(head) ; Peh. Om. Bros. pp. 318, 459, Iriii (1871i (Praia de Caju-
tuba, near ParS) ; Coia», Key N. Am. B. p. 278 (1872) ; id. Oeck-
Hit N. Am. B. a. 476 (1873); Solat. * ^If. Nomatel Av.
Neotrop. p. 127, n. 1 (1873) (Mexico) ; ffund/. J. f. O. 1874,
p. 314 (Porto Kco), 1875, p. 368 (Cuba) ; Salv. Tr. Zool. Six. is.
p. 4S8 (187S) (QalapR|[08) J A. Newt, tbit, 1876, p. 99; Rchnw.
J.f. O. 1877, p. 229; Oieb. Th«,. Om. iii. p, 109 (1877) ; Gundl.
Anal. Soe. E»p. Sitt. Nat. vii. p. 398 (1878) (Porto Rico) : td.
J.f. O. 1878, p. 190; RidffW. iV. U.S. Nat. Atui. 1880, p. 231 ;
Cory, B. Rahama 1. p. 180 (1880) ; A. ^ E. Newt. Handh. Jam.
p. 112(1881); Mayn-B.ofE. itf. ^m. p. 436(1881) ; Cory, Bull.
Nutt. Om. Club, VI. p. 165 (18811 (Haiti); Ridgw. Norn. N. Am.
R. n. 585 (1861); Rchnic. Vog. Zoot. Gart. p. 134 (1882); COuet,
Chtek-liil,'2tiA ed. p. 110, n. 687 (1882); Sdat. LUt VeH. An.
8th ed. p. 413 (1883) (Zool. Oard.) ; Roucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 468
(Vucntan); T'md-. JiiV 18?'4. p, 168 (San Domii'go) ; B.,1I.,&R
Wattr-B. X. Am. \. p. 41ii 1 18M) ; Vmif. Key N. Am. B. Sad ed.
p^6r9,n 687(1884) ;^n.Wfl, ii/n 1865. p. 186 (Cozumel I.) :
1. PUauriCOPTB.RUB. 11
Phoenicopterufl americanuB, Wied, Ertte JReitf navh Xvrd-Amer. p. 78
(1835) {cf. GuHdL J./, O. 1871, p. 2t57) ; Sw. Class, B. ii. p. 364
Phoenicopterus erythneus, J.^ E. t err. Eev. et Mag. de ZooL 1855,
p. 221 (t^-pe, Gabon !) ; G. R. Or. Ibis, 1869, p. 442, pi. xiv. f. 6
(head); id. Hand-list, iii. p. 72, n. 10645 (1871).
Phoenicopterus gljnphorhynchus, Q. R, Gr, Ibis, 1869, pp. 439, 443,
pL xiv. f. 5 (head, Galapagos) ; id. Hand-list, iii. p. 72, n. 10546
(1871) ; Salv. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 498 (1875) (= Ph. ruber, Z.) ;
Gieb. Thes. Om. iii. p. 108 (1877) ; A. Newt. Diet, of B. pt. L
p. 257(1893).
Phoenicopterus (Phoenicorodias) ruber, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, iii.
p. 72, n. 10550 (1871).
Flamiogo, Darwin, Natural. Voy. new ed. p. 60 (1882) (Gala-
pagos).
P Phoenicopterus i^ipalliatus s. ruber P, Berl. J. f. O. 1892, p. 104
(Curasao) ; E. Peters, ibid. p. 122.
PlMBnicopterus sp., Hartert, Ibis, 1893, p. 307 (Aruba), p. 335
(Bonaire).
Adult. General plum&ge light vermilion, lighter on the scapulars,
more intense on the wings ; primaries, secondaries, and primar}*-
coverts black ; axillaries bright red : bill yellowish with the
terminal third black ; irides brown ; feet and legs lake-red. Total
length about 42-48 inches, wing 15-16, tail 6, colmen 5*2, tarsns
12-14-5.
Young. Greyish white, with mesial dusky Hnes on the back and
wings ; the greater coverts broadly tipped with brown-black.
Downy young. " Greyish white, becoming nearly pure white on
forehead, dieeks, median line of back, whole rump, and median
onderparts: bill pale brownish, dusky terminally, naked lores
dusky ; legs and feet brownish black ; bill nearly straight " (Ridg-
way).
Bah. Tropical and subtropical sea-coasts, from Florida Keys and
ooast of Gulf States to Northern South America, as far south as
Pan! and Galapagos Islands.
The t}'pe of Ph. erythrcnus no doubt belongs to this species ; it
has evident signs of having been kept in captivity, and one of the
tarsi was amputated while the bird was alive. The locality Gaboon,
attributed to this bird, is evidently wrong.
a. Ad. st. No locality. Purchased.
h. Ad. sk. Inagua, Bahamas {Maynard). Salvin-G<
e, Juv. sk. Northern Yucatan {E. C. J. Salvin-G
Devis)
d. Ad. sk. Galapagos {Kellett ^ Wood). Pandota
(Type of Ph. glwhorhifH
e. Ad. sk. [Gaboon.] Fuichueb
(Type of Ph. erythrm
I<H<SII ICOPTERID£.
. Fhmnicoptenu rosens.
Phisuicopterue roeeus, Barr. Om. Clou. i. p. SI, imii. Tiii. gp. 2
(1743)
PhcBnicoptenu plinii, EUm, Ad. p. 128, lit. B.
PluBnicoptenu, Brut. Om. vi. p. S32 (port.), pi. xlvii. t. t (1760).
PhtenicoptaruB raber, part., lAnn. 8. N. i. p. 230, n. 1 (1766); Qm.
S. Jf. i. 2, p. 612, D. 1 (Mrt.) (1788) ; LaA. ImL Om. ii. p. 786,
n. 1 (put) (1790) ; Oeoffr. Bull Sc. Soc. Philom. i. 2, n. IS, p. 98
(part.), pi. — . ff. 4, 6, a (be«d) (1798) ; J%. Prodr. p. 270 (partj
(1811) ; 71mm. Man. tTOrH.p. 378 (part) (1815) ; VieiU. if. D.
MtY.p. 517 (part.) (1817); Ihim. Diet. Sc. ^af. xvu.p.96 (port.)
(1620) ; Temm. op. cit. 2nd ed. ii. p. 587 (pwt.) (lK»)j 5&y*.
Oat. Zooi. xii. 1, p. 186 (port.), pi. 24 (1824).
Fenicottero, Olti, Uec. Sard. p. 294 (witbpUte) (Sttrdinift) (1776).
Flsmmut ou Ph^Dicopt^, part, Bt^. Sid. Nat. Oi*. Ttii. p. 476
(1781).
Red Flamingo, Lath. Sun. iiL 1, p. 299, n. 1 (1785) : id. 8m. Suppl.
i. p. 2630787).
PhffiDicopterus ruber, var. a, Btmn. Enc M4Ui. i. p. 162, pi. 42. f. 3
(1791)!^
Pbceoicoptoriu roseus, PaU. Xoogr. Bono-At. ii. p. 207 (1611) (CfiB-
man); K.^ B. WirbeUh. Bur. pp. Ixiii, 221 (1840); Bp. Icon.
Faun. Ital., Ucc. htrodr. p. 15 (1841) ; id. Cat. Jtfd, Dec. £io-.
p. 66 (1842) ; O. R. Gr. Lut B. Brii. Mut. iii. p. 125 (1844) ;
Riipp. Syd. Ufbei-i. p. 137, n. 488 (1845) (Lower Efn-pt) ; Bfylh,
Git. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 299, n, 1760 (1849) (excL var. minor) ;
Layard, Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. liv. p. 208 (Ceylon) (1854); BoUt,
J. f. O. 1865, p. 314 (Spain) ; Bp. CW, Otn. Av. ii. p. 145
(l»i5) ; id. Compt. Said. xl. p. 724, n. 142 (1866), xliii. p. 992
(1866) ; Rrvgi Suit. Utberr. no. tl7S (1866) ; iocSc, Cat. M. et O.
Atyir. p. 103 (18-58); Adami, P. Z. S. 1858. p. 50 (Punjab);
Hirmey. J. f. 0. 1862, n, 424 (Balearic Isl.) ; Radde. Rett. S.O..
""■ ■ i. p. 347 (Lake B«ik«l) (186:1) ; Hnghl, Ibis, 1364, p. 149
1. PH(BNIC0PTBRU8. 13
Konkan) (1880) ; ButJer, ibid. p. 436 (Deocan) (1880) ; LeggCy B,
ofCeyl p. 1092 (1880); OigL Ibis, 1881, p. 212; Bchmo. Vog.
Zool. GdH, p. VM (1882) ; Nathunus, J,f, O. 1882, p. 295 {^a^^) ;
Seehh, Ibis, 1882, p. 227 (Kirghiz), 1883, p. 33 (Caucasus);
Badde, Omis Caucus, p. 439 (1884) : Tristr. Faun, ^ Flor, of
Palest, p. 113 (1884); Saund. in YarreWs Hist. Brit. B. iv.
pp. 244-252, ^idth fig. (1884-^) ; Whitehead, Ibis, 1885, p. 44
(Corsica) ; Reid, Ibis, 1885, p. 260 (Morocco) ; Seebh. Hist. Brit.
B. iii. p. 660, pi. 61 Cegg) (1886) ; Yerbury, Ibis, 1886, p. 22
(Aden) ; Parker, ibid. p. 188 (Ceylon) ; Salvad. El. Ucc. Ital.
p. 249 (1886) ; Trois, AtU 1st. Ven. (6) iv. pp. 126-129 (Venetian)
(1886); Reid, Str. Feaih. x. p. 78 (Lucknow) (1887); Severtz.
Zeitschr. d. ges. Om. 1887, p. 23 (Turkestan) ; Davids. Str. Feath.
X. p. 325 (W. Kandeish) (1887); Hume, ibid. p. 613 (1887) (not
breeding in India) ; Tait, Ibis, 1887, p. 375 (Portugal) ; Pleske,
Rev. Turkest. Ornis, p. 53 (1888) ; Regalia, Proc.-verb. Soc. Tosc.
Sc. Nat. 1888, p. 86 (nail) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) vi.
p. 317 (Shoa) (1888) ; Koenig, J.f. O. 1888, pp. 291-295 (Tunis) ;
Lilf. Ibis, 1889, p. 344 (Cyprus) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 62
<1889) ; [Fd.] loot. 1889, pp. 136-139 ; Hartert,Kat. Vogelsamml.
p. 203 (1891) ; Sharpe, Cat. Osteal. Spec. Coll. Surg. iii. p. 288 (1891) ;
Barnes, Ibis, 1893, p. 174 (Aden); Meade-Waldo, ibid. p. 199
(Canaries).
Phoenicopterus antiquonim, Temm. Man. 2nd ed. ii. p. 687 (note)
(1820) ; Brehm, Lehrb. d. Naturg. oiler eur. Vbg. ii. p. 662 (1824) ;
Bp. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. p. 348 (note) (1826) ; Temm. PI. Col.,
genre Flammant, esp. 1 (livr. 71, 1827) ; Bp. Speech. Comp.
p. 67, n. 206 (1827); id. Syn. n. 283 (1828); Drap. Diet. Class.
xiii. p. 362 (1828) ; Savi, Om. Tosc. ii. p. 363 (1829) ; Brehm,
Isis, 1830, p. 989 ; u;. Vog. Deutschl. pp. 602, 603 (1831) ; Bp.
Isis, 1832, p. 1177; id. C&mp. List, p. 64, n. 391 (1838) ; Nauni.
Vog. Deutschl. ix. p. 408, Taf. 233. f 1 cJ ad., 2 ^ jun., 3 $ juv.
(1838) ; Bp. Icon. Faun. Ital., Ucc. Introd. p. 16 (1841) ; Schleg.
Rev. Crit. p. ci(1844); HarU. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 116 (1844);
Rchnb. Syn. Av., Natatores, 1. 108. fp. 418, 419, 968 (1846) ; G. R.
Gr. Gen. B. iu. p. 603, n. 1 (1846) ; P. Z. S. 1849, p. 941
(Zool. Gard.) ; Del^. Voy. Afr. Austr. ii. p. — (1847) ; Licht.
Norn. Av.jp. 60 (Arabia) (1864); Brehm, J.f. O. 1854, p. 83
(Egypt) ; Bruck, ibid. p. 278 (Rhein) ; Bolle, J.f. 0. 1856, p. 27
(Cape Verd Isl.j, p. 165 (Zool. Gard.) ; MUll. ibid. p. 231 (Ca-
maigue); Brehm, ibid. p. 334 (Upper Egypt); Buvry, J.f. O.
1857, p. 134 (Algeria) ; Bolle, ibid. p. 339 (Canaries) ; Salv. Ibis,
1859, p. 361 (E. Atlas); Homey. J.f. O. 1859, p. 370 (Zool.
Gard.) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1860, p. 78 (N. Africa) ; Powys, ibid. p. 348
(Corfu?); Des Murs, Traits, pp. 126, 129, 436-444 (1860);
Homey. J.f. O. 1863, p. 263 (Algeria), JSi-trah. p. 21; Parker,
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 617 (vertebriB); Adams, Ibis, 1864, p. 33
(Egypt) ; Tristr. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 463 (Palestine) ; Gigl. Ibis,
1865, p. 62 (Pisa) ; Sc^. Mus. P.-B., Anseres, p. 116 (1866) ;
Tristr. Ibis, 1868, p. 327 (Palestine) ; Saund. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 432
(eggs, Spain) ; G. R. Gr. Ibis, 1869, p. 441, pi. xiii. ff. 1, 2 (head) ;
Tacz. J.f. O. 1870, p. 63 (Constantine); Droste, Ber. xviii. Vers.
Om. Ges. 1870, p. 80 ; Gum. Ibis, 1871, p. 297 (Algeria) ; SheU.
ibid. p. 314 (Egypt) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 72, n. 10544
(1871) ; Dohm, J.f. 0. 1871, p. 9 (Cape Verd) ; Holdsw. P. Z. S.
1872, p. 479 (Ceylon) ; Shett. B. of Egypt, p. 272 (1872) ; Thien.
PHOVICOPTBRIDA.
Sier. t. lix. f, 7 ; ffeu?/, Orn. N.O.-AJr. u. 2, p. 126S (1873) :
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 460, 467 (both carotids), p. 638
(muncles) ; Lioyd. Ibit, 1873, p. 419 (Kattiawar) ; WaMe, Beiu
n. d. mdi. Spanitn, ii. p. 9 ; Irby, Orn. Sir. GibraU. p. 193
(1876); Kriiper, J.f. O. 1876, p. 284 (Smjrnft) ; Blanf. Eatt.
Pen. a. p. 300 (Persian Gulf) {1876); Rchnv?. J.f. O. 1877,
p. 227; Oia.TAa.Om.'m.f.l(}8{lS77);Mtvchimd,Set>.flMag.
de ZooC. 1877, p, 367, pi. 11 (pullua) ; Hume, Sir. Rath. vii. p. 491
(1879), yiii. pp. 114, 949 (1879); LOford, P. 7.. S. 1880, p. 446
(S. Spain, breeding) ; /oA»m(. iAji. 1881, p. 173 (Tunis, breeding);
Ed. Ibis. 1881, p. 449 ; Saurjd. Ibu, 1883, p. 397 (Spain, breed-
ing) ; Weld. P. Z. S. 1888, pp. 638, 639, 0.51 ; Se/at. LUt Vert.
An. 8th ed. p. 413 (1883): Stefn. Stand. Nat. Sat. iv. Bird»,
pp. 164, 156, f. 76 (1885) ; Sau„d. IbU, 1886, p. 456 ; Koenig, J.f.
O. 1891, p. 291 (Tunis) ; St. John, Ibi», 1889, p. 179 (S. Afghan-
iatao); TrUtr. Cat. CoU. It. p. 62 (1889j (distinct from Ph.
roteuiV); Sclat. Ibis, 1890, p. 81 (oqiiintocubital) ; Sasnd. Ibi$,
1891, p. 184 (Neuchatel) ; Finn, Ibit, 1893, p. 2.t8 (,Siiez) ; A. Newt.
Diet, of B. pt. i.p. 267(1893)iXoenio, J./ 0. 1893, p. 102 (Tunis).
Phcenicopterus major, Dum. Did. Sc. Nat. xvii. p. 96 (1820) ;
Brehm, Vhg. Deuttchl p. 603 (1831) (larger var.).
PhoBnicopteruB ruber, Bne (nft latm.), Iiis, 1822, p. 660, u. 273 ;
LkU. Verz. Doubl. p. 70 (OaU. mend,. Cap. b. s., Senegamb.)
(1623); LichLin Eoertm. Reitt, i. p. 70 (1823) ; Mam. El. di Zool. iii.
8. p. 812 (1828 ); Lest. Man. dOm. ii. p. 243 (1828) ; id. Tr. d!Om.
p.689,n.l(E.&S. Europe) (1831); Owm, P. Z. S. 1832, pp. 141-
\4A ; Baket, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 159 (Dulihun) : Minitr. Cat. BaU.
p. 60 (Caspian) (1832) ; Smith, Afrie. Glen, 13th ed. p. 35, a. 218
(Cape) (1836) ; Gould, B. £ar. It. pi. 287 (1837) ; Hartl. J.f. O.
1854, p. 160 (Oylon) ; Brehm. Vbgelf. p. 288 (1865).
Phcenicopterus europKUK, Sw. Claei. B. ii. p. 364 (1837) ; Jerd
MadT. Joum. ixi. p. 217, n. 373 (1840).
Phcenicopterus ignipalliatus. Or. if Mitch, {nee D'Orb. ^ I. Geoffr.),
Gen. B. ill. pi. lt« (1846) ; Jichnb. Sun. Av., Natatores, t. 107,
" "I) (ex Or. * Mitch.).
I. PfiiKyiciiprHRcs. 15
y.O.-Afr. d. -J. p. L-Jhr Af^T-i.; H'nyht, IbU, 1>74. p. 227
I Sicily. .Malta. : - Rchnw. J * O. I.H74, p. ;{74 (Jabooo; : S^M^t/tf,
J.f, O. lf*7fi, D. !>«>"); A Artie, y./. O. L-77. p. ±25 idub*»peci»?sj :
Drffss. 3. jf Eur. vi. p. .541) l.**7.)l . sfts^usj ; f^tj/, Ihu, l^V,
p. -*l;i L'liL'iiiir ' ; B*H\ Ont, A/ii/. p. -Wii Aair«)ia, • l-V^l ; : iAurp*\
Luym-fii 3. .i*tnth Afr. p. 7-U il>^.i: .Si/tW. £7. Cw. ItaL
p. ::;'/) l.-jf^'rf ; ATr^Mjy. j:/ O. IS'r^. p. JNl. lsy:j, p. i>6 1 Tiuii*! :
A. ytnct. Diet, 'if 3. pr. i. p. -^'u . l>0;j).
ETiCBnicoptenia platrrhynchiis. Bmhm, I'^tyeif. p. -jys 1 1.<>1 1 ; id.
ytmmannin. 1'!Sj7». p. :i1M).
* PhcBnicoptenis aiinor. Br^/im /lev Geoffi: - Voy/f. p. l>9^ , IS55) ;
/rf. Snumannia. L^-l."). p. i*y<J.
? Phnftriicnpteriii* pv2m;e»u. Btffnm. itif 3 p. Ctmpt. Rtmd. \iiii. p. !)OQJ
PhoBnicdDtems row-iLs 1 -jrvtiiraeus, 5iiia. Lint 3. tf Eur. n. 3;iO 3
■ iHtiilj;
Flamintfo. BamusH Explor. >u SotaA-^vf^t Afr. tzijiitispiew ■I'^dAj ;
r/tfri. /^«. L^70. pp. 4;J'.4-44l» 'S. jf Fnuicw ; C/utpm. Bm,
IHS4, pp. 71 -72. ■j^-'ji). pi. iv. iJximdalqiiiv'.rt.
PluBnimptenu :inriqiiurim. rar., ^y. 3. fJ-r. Ibis, Irj^SM p. 442 < India,
'>yioni. rar. . L'.ipH >f tioiHi Qiipei.
PhceniroptHnLs •^ritimeud tjrrnroi^, 3niuke, [hig. l.'*7?J, p. 34ii
!>iardinia).
Phrt;mcj»nterTis rin(i»»r?«ini. Br'mk:*, Pr. A. -i. 3. l-iT'), pp. 17-48
! FittHitrnrh. X.W. Prt>v. jf India : Ifunn, STr Fvat/i. iii. p. 414
!iM7.'»i ■ =:uiidr(iioruin. juv.,.
PhmnifoDt^nw iii-seiis. i var. aarva. Sfct"**^. ./. r O. 1S7-'*. p. 1^*4
Ad}dt naaftt. ireneni T3luiii:iire nsv white ; rail mthtT more of a
PMy-rcd Tinxre : npper ind :mder winir-^.'orerrs and -ixilLiries brij^fat
acariet : luiils black. n«)rniiL) rosy : iris palt' Lfmun-yeilow : bare
akin next the eye and boise of bill desh-pink : :urminul purtiun ot
the bill md edtten of the mandible black : ivici and feot pinkish red.
Total ipHfifth ahont 44 no .5;] inches, winjr 17. --ail 7. <juimen .5-*5.
tamiM I:S. bare oortion of the ribia -K
FffTMlr. Eeflembles the mule, but is rather smaller in size.
Ymruj. ffead. neck, an* I inderparts whitish, siiirhtiy cintced with
hntf. esneoiailv on rhe inner nei*k ; back oshv brown, with Jarx
mmiai lines on "^he teathera ; winK-«iovert3 liku rhe back, rhe larsvr
mverffl almn^^r .»nrirely bmwn : axillaries paie pink : base jf "he
bill dull pinkirth : Leq^ duU piumbe<iiis.
Y'lnnrj in inwn. Whitish, tinirefl with zrey on ^he 'inner Tarr.s ;
Ae bill :« -inite itraicht.
ffnh. From '"he basin ot rhe Meflitemnean "j-t Lik.» Riuk.ii ; rhe
whole of Artrrra. India, ind Cevlon.
* Ad. «r.
Kiimnf.
h. All. ^r..
Kiirnni-
P \i-r*.l\Hf*fr\.
«. 4. Ad. »f ,
1IV
*T.
I* ir''iin>*fr|
4 JllV ^t
/.in J. "^.»ip
/. .U. ^k.
.Nfarnhpt
W
^t^v
illp.
1'
f, k. Ad. .4t.
Ixuadalqiiivir
rHtSNICOPTEBTD^.
t. $ ad. ak.
Coto del Key, April (S.
Hume Coll.
k. d ad. sk-
Sardinia, Feb. (Count
Salpadon).
T.
Shelley Coll.
/. PuU. sk.
ABtmklian.
Herr Henke [P.].
m. Ad. 8k.
Shelley Coll.
LordLilford[P.].
n, 0. Ad. etimm.
sk.
P-u. Ad. St.
Fort Said, Aug., .\pril.
LftkB Menaakh,
J. W. H. Cuning-
hame [P.].
CaM. R. H. Penton
Sir A, Smith [P.l
V. Juv. sk.
Nuar Sutkim.
JB. Juv. Bk.
PafStine.
;r. Viz ad. sk.
S.Baroody,Dlq.[fc.l.
y. 6 ad. Bk.
River Ki:*on. Dec. (ff B. T.).
Canon TrurtramrP.].
I. Ad. Bk.
India Mnaeum [Pi
Euphrates Eip. [0.].
a; b'. (J «d. et 5
juv. sk.
c'. Ad. flk.
MeaopotamiH.
Sindh, Feb.
Hume OolL
(f . J sd. sk.
Larkana, Jan.
Hume Coll.
e'-f. <J 2 wl- «t
Sambbur, Sept., Jan., Feb.
Hume Coll.
juv.sk.
m'. Ad. 8k.
(R. M. Adam).
Delhi.
Hume Coll.
"■■ii„'r"
Gurgaon, March (A. O.
H.).
Hume Coll.
p'. rf ad. Bk.
Bisowa, Jaipur, March
(A. 0. ±).
Hume CoU.
?■. Ad. Bk.
SecuDderabad.
r', »: Ad. sk.
Bheema, Etawah, Nov.,
,Dec.
HumeOoU.
t'. Ad. Bk.
Mjnpoorie, Feb.
Hume ColL
«'. Ad. sk.
Major Yerburj [PI.
K. Cole, Eaq. [P.].
v. Ad.Bk.
Madras.
w". Ad.8t,
De«an {Sake,).
Afnam (MeCieUand).
:r'. Jut. b1(.
India MuBeum [P.]!
1. PBxiricorTZRiia. 17
Kat. VooekamnA p. 301 (1891) : A. SeKt. Diet, of B. p. 257
(pt. 1, 1893),
Chili FUmineo, LatA. Si/n. Snppt. ii. p. 330 (1801).
FUmenco, I/Axara, ApiaU. i. p. 133, d. 346 (1805) ; id. Toy. {td,
Sonn.) iv. p. leS (1809).
PhcenicopteniH ruber, mtL, VieOL N. D. XXM. p. 617 (La Pluta)
(1817) ; Temm. PI. CU., gatre Fhcenicoptenia, sp. S (put) (Hyt.
71, 1827).
PhoBoieopWre du ChiU, Turia. N. D. ixv. p. 620 (1817).
PhoBnicopteniB ignipalliatus, D'Orh. S[ I. Oei^r. St.-SH. Am. &.
Xat. ivii. p. 4£4 (Aolt, 1629) (Buanoa Ajnw, Corrientes) ; BmU.
Sc. Nat. xi%. p. Ill (1829) ; Lett. Tr. d'Onu p. 689, n. 3 (1831) ;
H'Orb. Mag. de Zoot. 183S, prem. Tasc. pi. 2 ; Iiit, 1834, p. 1094 ;
Ltu. Compl. de Buff., Oit. ix. p. 483 (1837) ; id. op. rit. 2nd ed.
p. 703 (1838); Sartl. Vert. Ou. Mm. p. 117 (1844); ? TicA,
Arch.f. yaturg. 1844, i. p. 313, n. 338 (ayn. emend.) ; ? id. Faun.
Per., Auei, pp. 63, 304 (1846) •; O. R. Or. Oen. B. iii. p. 603,
n. 4 (nee pi. 163) (1846) ; Harti. Ind. Azar. Apunt. p. 22, d. 346
(1847) ; Sibra, Denktchr. k. Ak. Wiat, v. p. 131 (1853) (N. ChUi) ;
id. J.f. 0. 1856, p. 57 ; Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 90 (1854) (Chili,
Colombiftl); Burnt. Syit. Ueb. Thiere Brat. iii. pp. 430,431
(1866) (BmzU) ; id. J. f. O. 1860, p. S66; tel. Za Ptata-Reite, ii.
p. 512(1861); Pelz. AeUe Nomra, Vag. p. 186(1866) (Chili);
Sfiai. P. Z. S. 18(17, p. 334 (Chili) ; Srlat. |- Sah. P. Z. & 1868,
L146(Conchita»); iid. Ibis, 1868, p. 139(GregorTBBy); PM. ^
ndb. Cat. Av. Chil. p. 279, n. 169 (1868) ; G. R. Or. Ibit, 1869,
p. 442, pi. xiv. f. 4 (head) ; Pftt. Om. Brat. p. 559 (1871 ) (Braiil !) ;
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 627 (ZooL Card.) j G. R. Or. Hand-litt,
iii. p. 72, n. 10547 (1871) ; Burvx. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 364 ; Sdat.
P. Z. S. 1872, p. 649 (Rio Negro) ; &irf. $ Sals. Noviencl. Ac.
Neolrop. p. 107, n. 2 (1873) ; Tacx. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 662 (Junio,
C. Peru); Sdat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 333 (Upper AmazouB, Zool.
Gard.) ; Gieb. Thet. Om. iii. p. 108 (1877) ; humford, Ibit, 1877,
p. 41 (Ohuput, PatftgoniB) ; Taet. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 330 (Tiimbez) ;
Dumf. Ibu, 1878, p. 400 (Centr. Patac.) ; Otbton, Ibit, 1880,
p. 166 (Cape San Antonio, Buenos Ayroa); Salv. Oit. B. Stridcl.
Coll. p. 627 (1882) ; Selat. Litt Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 413 (1883) ;
Barrows, Attk, 1884, p. 272 (Pampa*) ; Taas. Om. Ptr. iii. p. 423
(1886) i Berl. J.f.O. 1887, p. 133 (Paraguay P) ; Rahtaer, J.f. O.
1887, tab, ii. f. 2 (head) ; PMipoi, Omit, ir. p. 160 (Antofagaats)
(1888) i Burta. Anal. Mm. iiac. Bueitot Airm, iii. p. 247
(1888) ; Parkrr, Ibit, 1889, p. 183, ff. 1, 2, in p. 184 (oateol. of
the manus) ; Selat. Argent, dm. ii. p. 117 (1889) ; Trittr. Cot.
Coll. B. p. 62 (1889) ; Sclal. Ibit, 1890, p. 81 (aquintocubitAl),
p. i2.') (Argentina); Oust. Mite. Sc. Cap Horn. Oi-i. p..S08 (18H1I ;
Frenz.J.f. O. 1891, p. 1^4 (Cnrdoba) ; iW/anrf, /fiw, I»93,p.aOe
(Argenlina) ; Btrk. James, New List Chil. B. p. 9, d. 14 (1882) ;
Apiin, Ibii, 1894, p. 109 (Uruguay).
Similar to P. roteus, but amallor, tinged with ll
the lower part of the nock and breast ; win^ E
black apical portion of the bill is more ex
the bend : " the base of the bill is not r
lege greenish grey, vitb darker reddish urtlnti
18 .PHCmOOFTEBIIIX.
{Jiurmeisier). Total length about 42 inches, wing 16, tail 6,
culmen 5, tarHOS 9*5, bare portion ot tibia 6.
Ttmng. Head and neck dull whitish, greyish ronnd the eyes and
•n the neck ; lover parts white; feathers ot the breast with mesial
brown streaks ; back and scapnlara pale brown, the edges of the
feetbers whitish ; romp and upper tail-coverts white, some brown
streaks on the nimp ; upper wing-coFerts brown with paler edges,
the smaller ones washed with rosy ; primary-coverte brown, with
the base rosy ; quills brown-black ; tail white : " legs yellowish,
with blnieh-red articulations " {Barmei»ter).
Hah. Southern part of South America, north on the east to
Uruguay and Brazil (?), on the west to Chili and C. Pern.
a. Ad. si Chili. T. 0. Bridge^ Esq. [C.].
I. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased.
9. ij yis ad. ek. Chili. Purchased.
d. iw. sk. Chuput, Patagonia. H. Durnford, Esq. [P.].
2. FH(EmCOVAUS. __
Type.
Phceniconaias (eubgen.), G. R. Gr. Ibii, 1869, p. 442 F. minor
Range. Southern part of Africa, north as far as Senegal (?) on the
West, and Abyssinia on the east; North-western India in winter.
1. PhcEmiconAias minor.
? Le Flamant, F. CaueAe, JCelat. vtrit. et Cur. de /*/•& de MaAag.
n. 130(1661) (MiidnpnwarJ.
f Sambe, f/iKwiH-i, Ht»t. de Madag. p. 1(« (1601),
2. PHCBiricoirAiAS. 19
p. 231 (Delhi) ; Hutney ibid. p. 855 ; O.JL Gr. Jhisy 1869, pp. 440,
442, pi. XV. f. 8 (head) ; Finsch u. HarU. Vog, Ost-Afr. p. 798
(1870) ; Boc, Jam, Acad, Sc, Lisb. 1871, p. 277 (Mossamedes) ,
Anderss. B, Damara Land, p. 333 (1872) ; Hume, Sir, Feath. i.
p. 31 (1872) (India) ; Adam, ibid. p. 400 (1873) (Sambhur Lake);
HeuffL Om, N.O.-Afr. ii. 2, p. 1272 (1873); Reynaud, Tr. R,
Soc, Maur. viii. p. 4 (1873) ; Adam, Str. Feath, ii. p. 339 (1874)
(Sambhur Lake) ; Hume, Str. Feath, iv, p. 26 (1876) (N. Guzerat,
Sindh) ; Bocage, J./, O. 1876, p. 295; Butl, Str, Feath. v. p. 234
(1872) (N. Guzerat) ; Gieb, Thee. Om. iii. p. 109 (1877) ; Rchnw.
J.f, O, 1877, p. 228 (part); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 114,
n. 944 bis (1879) ; Butl, Str. Feath. ix. p. 436 (1880) (Deccan) ;
Legge, B, Ceghn,ja, 1093 (1880) (N.W. India) ; Bocage, Om. Aug,
p. 490 (1881) ; Milne-Edw. ^ Grand. Ois, Madag, p. 612, pis. 262,
263 (osteoloffj) (1882); Sharpe, Lauard'i B. S. Afr. p. 746
(1884) ; Fischer, Zeitschr. gee, Om, 1884, p. 393 (Massailand) ;
Salvad, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) i. p. 233 (1884) (Shoa) ; Fiecher,
J,f, O, 1886, p. 118 (Lamu, Nguruman) ; Hume, Str. Feath, x.
p. 613 (1887) (not breeding in India); Matechie, J.f. O, 1887,
p. 146 (Morungu) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) vi. p. 318
(Shoa) (1888) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 62 (1889) (Cape, Natal) ;
Hartert, Eat. Vogelsammi, p. 204 (1891) (Gape and Ked Sea) ;
A. Newt, Diet o/B. p. 257 (pt 1, 1893).
Phoenicopterus parvus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 69 (1816) (Africa) ; Steph,
Gen, Zool, xii. 1, p. 188 (1824) ; less, Man, ctOm, ii. p. 244
(1828) ; G. R. Gr. List B, Brit, Mus, iii. p. 125 (1844) ; id. Gen.
B. iii. p. 603, n. 5 (1846) ; Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 302 (Sene-
gambia, Guinea, Damaraland) ; Bp. Compt. Rena. xL p. 724,
n. 145 (1855) ; Kirk, Ibis. 1864, p. 335 (Zambesi) ; Schleg. Dierent.
p. 280, fig. in p. 279 (1864) ; id. Mus. P.-B. Anseres, p. 116
(1866) ; Dub. Bull. Mus. Roy. WH. N. de Belg. iv. p. 149, n. 188
(1886) (Tanganyika).
Phoenicopterus capensis. Smith, Deser. of New or imperf. known
Objects of the An. Kingd. found in the South of Afr. no. 4 (Ist
Nov. 1828).
Flamiiuro (nov. sp.), Smith, Afr, Glen, 13th ed. p. 25, no. 219 (Gape)
flammant, Sganzin, Notes sur les Mamm. et sur TOm. de Madag,
p. 47 (M^m. Soe. Hist, Nat, de Strasb. iii. 1840).
Phoenicopterus antiquorum, Hartl, (nee Temm,), Zeitschr. f. Zool.
u, Anat, 1848, p. 159, n. 106 (Madagascar) ; id. Ann, ^ Mag.
N H. ii. p. 393 (1848) (Madagascar).
Smaller Indian Flamingo, Blyth, Oat. B. Mus, A. S, B. p. 299 (1849).
Phoenicopterus bljthi, Bp. Consp, Gen, Av, iL p. 146, n. 4 (r)
(1856) {ex Blyth) ; t^. Compt, Rend. xl. p. 274, n. 143 (1866),
xliii. p. 992 (=roseus, PaU. ?) (1866) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 174.
Phoenicopterus erythrseus, Hartl. (nee Verr.) J. f, O. 1860, p. 173
(Madagascar) ; id, Om. Beitr. z. Faun. Madag, p. 81 (1861) ; ? id.
J, f. O. 1801, p. 272 (Danakil and SomaU Coast) ; J. Verr, in
MaiU. Notes, Annexe, p. 3 (1863) ; Pollen, N. T. £>. l p. 326
(1863); Co^r.BulL Soe. Acd. de la R^n, ii. p. 22 (1864);
Kerr, in Vinson^ s Toy, d Madag,, Ann. B, p. 4 (1865) ; Grand.
Rev. et Mag, de Zool. 1868 j). 5 (Madagascar) ; P Sperl, Ibis, 1868,
p. 292 (Mosambic flats) ; Finsch u, Hartl. Vog. Ost-Afr. p. 795
(part.) (1870) ; Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 238 (1877) ; Slbree, Bis,
1892, p. 117 (Madagascar).
o2
20 SBtKnconxtaitM.
FhcEniooptenu, ip., B. Xetet. IbU, 1863, p. 4S9 (Madagucar);
SchUg. 4- PM. Bieh. Fmm. Medaff.u. p. 114 (imS).
PhmnieopteruB roseua, part, Jerd. B. iff Ind. iii. p. 775, n. 944
(1864) (iDdift).
P}i(emcopleliU nibiduB, Fetid. Ibit, 1866, p. 496 {Secondenbad} ;
Jerd. Ibii, 16e9,p. 230(=miiior); Hume, ibid, v- S66 {>=miDoi)i
A. Kent ibid, (note, different from mmor) ; Q. S. Gr. Ibit, 186U,
pp. 44U, 442, pi. xiii. f . 3 (bead) ; Blanf. Ibit, 1873, p. 220 ; Gifb.
Thei. Om. iii. p. 109 (1877) ; Triitr. Cat. CoU. B. p. 52 (1880) i
A. Ntnet. Bid. of B. p. 257 (pt. 1, 1893).
Phcemcopterua (FhcenicoDsias) minor, O. if. Or, Ibit, 1809, p. 442 ;
id. Hand-ttrf, uT p. 72, n. 10549 (1871).
FhcenicopteruB (PhceniconaiaB) rubidue, (?. B. Or. Ibi$, 1860, p. 442 ;
id. Strnd-Utt, iii. p. 72, n. 10548 (1871).
Adult male, Qeneral plDmBRe pick; loond the base of the bill
the feathers are tinged vitb crimBon ; in very old birds the feathers
of the back and breast have mesial crimson streaks ; also some of
the longer scapulars are crimson ; median wing-coverts bright
crimson, edged with pink-white ; greater wing-coverts, primar)*-
eoverts, and marginal under wing-coverts rosy ; axillaries crimson ;
quills and greater under wing-coverts block ; under tail-corerte
tinged with crimson towards the tip and edged with rosy ; tail
rosy, brighter on the outer web of tbe feathers ; " iris red minium ;
bill dark lake-red [with the tip black] ; feet red " (Antinon),
Total length about 36 inches, wing 13*25, tail 6, oulmen 4,
tarsus 8'75-7*6.
FemaU. Similar to the male, but less bright, and without the
crimson mesial stripes on the back, breast, and scapulars.
Young inmotdtinff dress. Palor than tbe odolte ; general plumage
pale rosy white ; wing-ooverts pink : " iria red or yellow ; bill lake-
red ; feel roay or corul-red " {Aiitinori).
Toung in first pluinarft. Whitish, with n slight rosy tinge ; Deck
3. PHOOaOOPAKBUB. 21
3. FH(EVICOPARBnS.
Type.
Phnmeopftrnis, B/i. Cbmpt. Rend, zliii. p. 992 (ld56) . . P. andinus.
LtpooentniSy Stmdeo. Metk, nat, Av. dUp. Temt, p. 145
(1872) P.andinus.
Phoenicopazra, SUfm. Stand, Nat. Sitt. ir. Birds, p. 151
(1885).
Bmmge, Andes of Pern and Cliili.
Key to the Specift,
c Ltr^r: wiag aboat 18 inckes, culmen 4*6; ander
tail-coverts much longer than the tail ; tertials
black amdintu, p. 21.
A. Smaller: wing about 1675 inches, culmen 3*4; tertials
bright I06J jamesif p. 22.
1. PhoBnicopamifl aadinns.
Parrina of tke Chilians, PkHippi, AnaL Unh. de (Me, Aug. 1854,
p. 337; tli^ Wiegm. Arch, 1855, L p. 10.
Phoenicopterus andinus, Pkiiippi, Anal, Univ, de Ckiie* Aug. 1854,
p. 337; id, Wtegm, Arch, 1855, L p. 12; Cass. U.S. Astnm.
Exped, ii. p. 198 (1856); Phaip,n, Beise d die Waste Ataeama,
p. 164, ZooL tt. iv., v. f. a (head) (1860) ; id. Ibis, 1861, p. 199;
Selat, P. Z, S. 1867, pp. 334, 339 (part) ; Phil. ^ Landk, Cat.
Aves CM. n. 170 {An, Univ. Chile, 1868, p. 279) ; Burm. P. Z. S.
1872, pu 364 (E. valleys of Cordilleras) ; Sclat. ^ Salv, NomencL
Av, Neotrop. p. 127, n. 4 (1873) ; Leyb. Ercurs. Pamp. Argent,
(cf. J.f. 0. 1875, p. 444) ; Bchnw. J. f, 0. 1877, p. 229 (part) ; Oieb,
thes. Om, iii. p. 108 (part) (1877) ; PhilippC Arch, f, Naturg,
xlv. 1, p. 160 (e^) (1879) ; Selat, P. Z. S. 1886, p. 399, cut of the
head, p. 400, f.2; Bahtner, J.f. O. 1887, p. 160, tab. ii. f. 3
(head) ; PhUippi, Omis, iv. p. 160 (Antofagasta) (1888) ; Cab.
J.f. 0. 1889, p. 76; ScUit. Argent. Om. ii. p. 119 (1889); id.
P. Z. 8. 1891, p. 136 (Tarapaca) ; Frem. J. f. O. 1891, p. 125
(Cordoba) ; Berk. James, New List Chil. B. ^9, jl 141 (1892) ;
A. Newt. Diet, of B. p. 257 (pt 1, 1893).
Phcenicoparrus andinus, Bp. Compt. Bend xliii. p. 992 (1850) ; O.
B. Gr. Band-list, iii. p. 73, n. 10551 (1871) ; Oigl. Viagg. Magenta,
p. 903 (1876).
Lipocentrus andinus, Sunden. Meth. not. Av. disp. Tent. p. 145 (1872).
Phcenicoparra andinus, <S^^.iS{arui. Nat. Hist. iv. Birds,^. 154(1885).
AduU male. Head and neck pink, whiter in front of tho head ; back
white, tinged with pink ; lower parts pale rosy, tho feathers of the
breast brighter, with the edges nearly white ; wing-coverts bright
pink, with the edges paler ; quills, including tertials, black ; axil-
laries bright pink ; under tail-coverts bright rose-colour, much longer
tlian the tail : " iris very dark brown ; feet whitish yellow ; beak,
fore part black, hind part whitish yellow; between the nostrils
brick-red ; lowest hinder part of lower mandible and a small spot
before the eyes violet " (Rahmer), Total length about 48 inches,
wing about 18, tail 7, culmen (in a straight line) 4*6, tarsuA 10*3.
FemaU. Similar, but somewhat paler and smaller.
ThiB is ihe loi^est of all the FlaminKoeB, uid lias the largest and
stroDgeat bill.
H^. Andes of Chili and easteni valleys of the CordiUerea.
a. Ad. sk. Chili.
A. $ ad. Hk. Hwwco, N. Chili, Feb. H. Berkdej James, Esq.
(Rahmtr). [T.].
(>-«. cf 2 ad. ak. N. Oancosa, Chili (Jan., H. Berkelev James, Esq.
April). [P.].
2. Pkenicopamu JRmen.
FlamingOM with red bresat, Bollaert, Pr. Rou. Gtogr. Soe. of London.
xxi.(36 April,1851J,p.l20(LakeofParmas); Pt(%7i', WieifnC
Arch. 185o, i. p. 13.
Phcenicoptenis sndiDus, pert, Sdat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 3S4 (Tarspacfi) ;
O. R. Or. {nee PAH.) Ibw, 1869, pp. 441, 448, pi. iy. ffi 9, W
(head of BoUaert's epecimen*); ifcAnto. J. /. O. 1877, p. 2S9
(part)i Gieb. Thei. Om. iii. p. 108 (part.) (1877) j P Tacx. (nee
PhiL) Om. Pir. iii. p. 423 (BoUaert's specim.) (Parinacocba,
PeruTian Andes) (188f!).
PbcBDicoptaruB jomesi, Bahmer, m IM.; Sdat. P. Z. 8. 1886,
p. 399, pi. xxivi. and cut of head, f. 3 on p. 400 (TarapacA) ;
Jiahmtr, J.f. 0. 1887, p. 160t, tab. ii. f. 1 (head); Cab. J.f. 0.
1889, p. 76 i &W. Arffe^. Om. ii. p. 117 (1889) ; id. P. Z. S.
1891, p. 132 i Berk. Jama, New Lot Chil. B. p. 9, n. 142 (1892):
Sdat. Ihu, 1893, p. 164.
Adult male. " White ; head, upper part of the neck, and iringa
tinged with rosy ; tip of the feathers of the nape, upper part of
back, and of the breast, scapnlars, longer inner seoond&riea or
tertiaJs, and axillariee of a rose-blood colour ; qnilla black ; feet red ;
base of the bill yellow, apical portion black ; naked lores fleeh-
colonr; hind toe wanting. Total length about 36 inohee, wing 16,
■ '■ - "., tarsUB 6." {SchiUr.) t
23
Saborder lU. ANSERES.
He JLsiKm. ake ?&e JLtaia^aes, hxt^JsmdaaiUd prweti on the
zSa. a Tsn^nl aue saec :2ie ancmor toes faLj weooe^ md tne
■wyTw ^ tjb& ad Lrin-Har<»ii : bos ire to be dacinyiiahoi by :ii«
bMpCerjzcid prciseaau b«£Z2' pLiced M £tr £>^^
tbe dzsoB VJTiT ahi:v£ rbelecztic of tise fienuir. recienilated yadad vA
LT ia. fnoc : zh^ ^Sfr^rsm &ja a pair of arxeaes •xi die pr.«t«r»r
bm in Kcne af the Fmiitfm&Me and is. die Mujimw the skicdies
aze«aiLT«r^fidi2:«} 'voixixipiecefeiieicne. Tbecouneia large, deshy,
vidk tile wanr^.a ^dooued. Tbe bCl -sf tbe Aaaens is ^eaenHj
bcqad axid moR •» Leae iattwigd : in the Mayimw tnd fame of toe
^m^i&bF aarra V and aiore -ir Leai ^aper^ za a pcin; : aH bare a
£Kmet aau ac die da ar die tipper matunhlt^ Tbe maks are
fmrwiKHi vidi a larze ioiral ^enia. Xber ire mnnngaiiuMiB. Tbeir
aeK is a rqiign ^onacncsioa. varmiaLT sisiafied; die «;gi tre
BSiDiarKx^ 'jpamy boill or zreeniaiL wbxte. or pare vbxfia. Tbe
yoons: ars in a^ die C^mammym^, ire <»>vend wish dfl^ra wben
harjiitfd. ind ihie za nn or svim is oace.
<Jiie IhrniT? uiIt.
FamilT I. AXATIDi
Hisd joe ant jolxd.
k^Bcer :ian :iie bodT .' L CT^TTSM, p. it
y . F«f J iiii[wiiiiiiiii : bxzsd ism iw»
L 'die Ame Jrrei witk di^ ji 44.
ma i ASSF.^A SA TLWE,
•
Hlsd toe rarfirr jmg -. ^ail-
3oi2zideii s die :2p :
T zicaaf ' . . -i
OFTZRI^' E.
21
iB&nDA
if". Hind toe modentte ;tail-fe&thera
rather abort; uppei ^arta nut
gloBsy ; DO metolbc wia^-flpocu-
fun ; bill rather thick and high
itt base,
d*. Cere of the Inll mneh do-
wJoped 4. CSREOPSIN^, p. 79.
e*. No cere on the hill 6. ANS2UiI!fj£,f.81.
6. Hind toe Ter^ narruvlj lobed ; nnialljr
with metallic colours or speculum on
the wings; the htrynx with a bulla
OBMft in inaiei. [p. 128.
c". BiU rather short and goose-lilra .... 6. CHESONETTINjE,
iT. BiU rather flat and broad 7. ANATINjE, p. l^.
e. Hind toe hroadlv lobed.
t'. BiU more or InM deprenaed.
« . Tail-feathers normal, not particn- [p. SSO.
iarlystiff a FULIOVLINM,
f'. Tail-feathers narrow and verr
stiff 8. ERISMATURIN^
f. BiU more or lasa compressed, never [p. 420.
decidedly deoressed.
g''. Tail rather long and sUff; no tooth-
like serrations on the edges of the [p. 454.
mandibles 10. MERaANETTliiM,
h". Tul moderately long, not particu-
lariysiiiri lowermnndible without
trace of lamellie along the sides,
but with a series of distinct tooth-
like serrations along the upper
edge, as on the edges of the upper
mandible 11. JtfiiiGJiV^, p. 403.
L OT0VIII, 2S
C^imna. Adbt Oni. Tdadicfift. iL p. 404 (note)
(IflOS^ Color.
OIoz; WagL Imty 1832, p. 1234 C. muBunui.
Cjami. Temam. Mem, cTOm. 2iid ecL It. a 520
(IftIO).
Stfaeneiiu, 'SfeTMy, iV. ^.^9. Ta& Jfiu. ▼. p. Idff
1 18^) C. mftkneoryphitt.
gHMHiriidwi, 3Ujmg. KmgwL Stand. Jftd. 3uL w,
pu 143 (ISBo) ( sdtheneiiu).
Bmmg9, yoithflm hemisphere azid 7eatnipical leipoiL.
& ZTo knob it the hHe of the <!Tii2iiea : di» txaebem
■gmmua due^farma ^tetm, -whiek U hoilnw.
1^. Hani TBTt if ±e biE and lanm iDon or li
'<" BliieiE uaeai pnrciaK -yf di» >all
raUr torn not rtxXKod AbnTR^ rhft nnMnU.
a> "^s- m»: .Amr. loiaMn V:!<)
InetuB . ' .' mmmmm. i. 2A.
'iT. 3acK .wxeai icMtioiL nf 'Si»'<sil -^ctPtuui
*n -hit- 2SQi*-r tfuiUir. ^oisaptt
"S*^ incSM -jiinpiiinK. T. ^-
y ^B■^7PtIow vionr ^f -h* -ail ?nntbiMt -«
^rJ) *Be!ua vtmmimtmmm. *, fii.
d^ Tae&ff* Jilt 'VBATTZur tu^ -attum. 4t*rRu
>t.-URt{Ar A«r- ^lLp.-«»*n« .vwmU* ^JJd:.. .1
■ ■■M ■■ll|f «ta* ' .. .A?^ -fa Zm** . ' .', ' ^" .,.?{.
ir iiiMwiiiHwt i—rrr ,«i^M;tf / i^A ^« ^'i' ?:• «/ .. <*£
1. Cy^u miuUai.
Wild Swan, Edw. Bird*, ii. pi. IfiO (1743) ; ElUt, Pha. Tram. Ivi.
p. 31S, t. X. ff. I, 2 (tiochM) (1760) ; Dmy, P. Z. S. 1819, p. W
(aorta).
Qrgnus fenifl, Britt. Om. vj, p. 2ft2, pi. xzriii. (1760) ; Salens, Ortt.
ou Tr. d. Ou. p. 405 (1767) ; FaU. 8v. VtleTuk.-Akad. Randi. xl.
p. 27 (note) (1779) •.
Anu ejpma, part., Linn. 8.N.\.f. 194, n. 1 (1766) ; Om. 8. N. i
2, p. 601, a. 1 (^1788) ; Latk. Ind. Om. ii. p. 893, n. 1 (1790) ;
id. Tr.Lmn.&x.h. p. 106, tab. xiii. ff.l,S(tnchMandBteii)U)n)
(1790) ; Temm. Man. iOm. ii. p. 828 (1920).
Aniw cjwnufl a, linn. I e, (1766),
Cigno Mdvatico, (iermi, Star. degU Ute. v. t. 654 (1776).
Cjgne eauvBge, Buff. Hist. Sat. Ou. ii. p. 20 (1783).
Whistlicg Swan, Lath. Oen. &/n. iii. 2, p. 433 (1786) ; Coolie, Letter
on the Wild iSuwi, pp. 1-11, pU. 1, 2 (1823).
Anas cygnue (ferua), Lath. Syn. Sufpl. i. p. 297 (1787).
Anaer cygnua, part., Bonn. Eho. MtUi. i p. 107, n. 1 (1790).
Cjcnus canonis, Humboldt, See, d'Obietv. de Zool. et £AnaL Camp,
p. 5 (1806J (nomea nudum).
Gjgnua muBicus, Bedut. Qemeam. Natwg. V6g. DetOiehL iiL p. 830,
t 86 (1809) ; BreAm, ItU, 1830, p. 996 ; td. Bandb. Vog. DadtcU.
p, 831 (1831) ; Bp. Comp. Lilt, p. 56, n. 394 (1838) ; Eiipp. Slut.
Senckenb. iii. p. 6 (1839) ; K. ^ B. WiH>elth. Eur. pp. Ixuu, 222
(1840) ; Bp. Cat. Met. Ucc. Eur. p. 69, n. 413 (1842) ; MacgiU.
Man. ii. p. 168 [1842) ; ScUeg. Ret. Crit. p. cxii (1844) ; Hartl.
Suit. Ver*. Get. Mtu. p. 118 (1844) ; Temm. ^ Schiy. Fatm. J^.,
Aoe», p. 126 (1860)1 Midd. Sihir. Beit. ii. 2, p. 224 (1853)
(Taimjr R., Bogauida, Scbantar Isl.) ; Waltengr. Saumanaia, 1854,
p. 266 (Scaudinitvia) ; Licht. Nnmencl. Ab. p. 101 (1854) ; Brthm,
A'oumanma, 1855, p. 296 (1865) ; Bet^l. I&U. (7e6. p. 66 (185(1) ;
Schrenck, Vog. d. Amurl. p. 456 (I860) ; Fomy; Ibit, 1860, p. 351
(Ionian Isl.) ; P SimpKm, Oit, 1861, p. 366 (Dobrudscba) ; Sainh.
li creNiTs* 27
P. Z. 8. 1871, p. 416 (Shanghai) ; Sound. Ihis, ISH, p. 896 (S.
Spain) ; Nathus. J. f. 0. 1871, p. 266 (egg) ; Heugl Ibis, 1872,
p. 63 (Novaja Semlia) ; SheU. B, Effypt, p. 279 (1872) ; Brooke^
Ibis, 1878, p. 842 (Sardinia) ; Severta, Turk. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ;
Dyb. J.f. 0. 1878, p. 108, 1874, p. 336 ; Danf. ^ Harme-Broum^
Ibis, 1876, p. 428 (Transylvania) ; Swinh. Ibis, 1876, p. 466
(Hakodadi) ; Gigl. Viayg. Magenta, p. 602 (Wusung) (1876) ;
Dress. Ibis, 1876, p. 416 ; Seebh. <J- Harvie-Brovm, ibid. p. 437
(Lower Petchora) ; Finsch, Ibis, 1877, p. 69 ; Tacz. Bull, Soc.
Zool. Fr. iL p. 44 (1877) ; id. Om. Faun. Vost. Sibir. p. 68 (1877) ;
Prjeo. Bowl. Om. Misc. iii. p. 98 (Mongolia) (1878) ; Blakist. ^
Fryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 211 ; Seebh. Ibis, 1879, p. 167 (Siberia) ;
Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Qes. Wien, 1879, p. 266 ; Dress. B. Eur. vi.
5. 433, pi. 419. f. 4 (head) (1880) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 606 ;
lume ^ Marsh. Oame-B. iii. p. 4 (India ?) (1880) ; Blak. $ Fryer ^
Tr. As. Soe. Jap. viii. p. 182 (1880), x. 1, p. 94 (1882); Gigl.
Ibis, 1881, p. 218 ; Seebh. Ibis, 1882, p. 227 (Astrakan) p. 386
(Archangel); Bchnw. Om. Ceniralbl. 1882, p. 89; id. Vog. zool,
Gdrt. p. 70 (1882) ; Coues, Checklist, 2nd ed. p. Ill, n. 690 (1882) ;
Blakist. Chrysanth. 1883, p. 26; Seebohm, Ibis, 1888, p. 33 (Cau-
casus) ; B. O. iJ. List Br. B. p. 120 (1883) ; Sclat. List Vert. An.
8th ed. p. 423 (1883); Tacz. BuU. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1888, p. 343;
Badde, Om. Caucas.^. 447 (1884) ; Blakist. Amend. List B. Jap.
pp. 8, 28 (1844) ; Tristr. Faun. ^ Flor. Palest, p. 114 (1884) ;
Sound. YarrelCs Hist. Br. B. iv. p. 308 (1884-86) ; Seebh. Hist. Br.
B. iii. p. 408, pi. 67 (effg) (1886) ; Clarke ^ Backh. Ibis, 1886, p. 371
(Iceland) ; Stmdev. Ibis, 1886, p. 408 (osteol.) ; Severtz. Zextschr.
ges. Om. 1887, p. 22 ; Harting, Zoolog. 1887, p. 266 (Iceland) ;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 460 (Corea) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 61
(1889) ; Seebh, B. Jap. Emp. p. 234 (1890) ; Bchnw, J.f. O. 1890,
p. 80; ?Lydekk. Cat. Foss. B. p. 107 (1891) ; Styan, Ibis, 1891,
pp. 828, 494; Sharpe, Cat. Ost, Spec. CoU. Surg, iii. p. 294 (1891) ;
SeM. Ibis, 1802, p. 26 (Heligoland) ; Campbell, ibid. p. 245
(Corea).
Cygnus melanorhvnchus, Meyer, Taschenb. deutsch. Vogdk. ii. p. 498,
with pi. (1810)"; Dum. Diet. Sc. Nat. xii. p. 810 (1818) ; Naum.
Wiegm. ArtA. 1837, i. p. 104 (Hungary).
Cygnus ferns. Leach, Syst. Cat. M. ^ B. Br. Mus. p. 37 (1816)
(nee Bartram, 1791) ; Vieill. N. D. ix. p. 39 (1817) ; Steph. Gen.
Zool. xii. 2, p. 10 (1824) ; Flem. Br. Anim. p. 126 (1828) ; Yarr.
Tr. lAwn. Soc. xvL 2, p. 463 (1830) ; Less. Tr. dOm. p. 629
(1881) ; Benn. Gard. ^ Menag. Zool. Soc., Birds, p. 171 (1831) ;
MSnitr. Cat. Pais. Cauc p. 66, n. 192(Bakou) (1832) ; Gould, B.
Eur.^l. 366 (1837) ; Less. ConuU. de Buf.. Ois. ix. p. 627 (1837) ;
id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 718 ( 1838) ; Bhmv. Gmpt. Bend. vii. p. 1024
(1838); Naum. Wiegm. Arch. 1838, i. pp. 861, 866^ Ttf. vij« f \
{a, b,c,d); Eyton, Mon. Anat. p. lOl, pL 6 (tkelf*^
(1838); Less. Bev. Zool. 1839, p. 88S| A '*"
p. 610, n. 4 (1844) : Bchnb. 8yn. Av., V$Mm
(1846); id. Av. Syst. Nat. p. 10 (1869) | M
(Greenland) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 876 (Zoo
Cdt. Brit. B. p. 188 (1868); Mor^, iUi, '.
Britain) ; Parker, P. Z. S 1865, p. 75Sf ; Dig*, r
iL p. 473 (1867) ; Tristr. Ibis. 1868, p. 897 (H«
^no^. p. 50 (1860) ; JBhom ^ BuokL WtflBi
[. 1873) ; Okb. THa. Om. L
._..,. , , _. .. J. 240; David Sf Outt. Oit.
Chine, V. 483 (1877); Hume, 8tr. finU. viL pp. 106, 107, 464
(1878-79), Tiii. p. 114, n. 944 qunt. (1879) ; JMm, P. Z. 8. 1883,
p. 362.
Cj^OB olor, PaU. (nee Om.) Zoogr. Somo-Am. u. p. 211 (1811).
CjgQUS oloi a. Pail. op. cit. p. 211,
Crvnus cjpiiia, Let*. Man. fOm. iL p. 407 (1828) ; Zocnrmi, Ont.
Jahrb. ii. pp. 231-233 (Tyrol) (1881); Sarltrt, J. f. O. 1891,
p. 806; ti^ Xat. VogfUammi. p. 226 (1891).
f CrKDus idBndiciu, Brthm, Iiu, 1830, p. 000 (nw 112SP); fid.
Kandb. Viig. Deuttchl. pp. 832, 1036, pi. xll f. 1 (1831).
Olor muaiciw, Wagl. /««,1832, p. 1334; O. X. Or. Lia B. Brit.
Mui. iii. p. 130 (1844) ; Smd. Melh. naL Av. disp. Tent. p. 146
(1872).
Cygnus lanthorliinua, Nmim. Vog. DeuiteM. v. p. 478, 1 296 (1843).
Olor cjgnus, G. B. Or. Lid Oen. j- Subgea. B. p. 122 (1666) ; Bp.
Compt. Bend, iliii. p. 648, n. S (1866) ; O. R. Or. Sand-Utt, iii.
p. 78, n. 10600 (1871) ; Bidgie. Pr. U.8. JVW. Mut. iU. pp. 202,
222 (1880) ; id. N<m. N. Am. B. n. 686 (1881) ; Stan. Pr. U.S.
Sat. Mut. T. p. 198 (1882); J?., B.. ^ B. WaUr-B. N. Am. i.
p. 423 (1884) ; P Slejn. BuU. U.8. Nat. Mtu. n. 39, p. 149 (Com-
maoder Id.) (1886) ; id. Pf. U.S. Xat. Mut. x. p. 136 (Commandei
M.) (1887).
CjffDUB licnni, Ma/m, Gilteb. och Bohml. Faun. pp. 90, 343 (1877).
Holor nusiciu, OkAe-OaU. Contr. Faun. Om. Bur. Ooc. fiuc. t.
p. 3 (1886).
Hyhridt.
eigne chanteur tf X Oie domeetiqne 5,F.Gn'.Ann.Xut.Biti.Nat.
Iii. p. 119(1808).
GjgDiia musiciu iS X Aiuei domestlcuB ^,LeBerk. J.f. O. 1890,
p- 217.
1. cresTTB, 20
a. Jurat Enzope. Purduaed.
6t e. Ad. 8t Haylmg Island. J. R Tjndale, Eaq. [P.].
li. Ad. St. Wiltshue. Montagu ColL
a^/. Ad. [heads]. Pagfaam Harboor, Sua- J. £. Harting, £aq. [P.]»
a6x.
ff. PnlL St. No locality. Gould ColL
A. PulL at. No locality.
i Ad. ak. Corea. F. Campbell, Eaq. [P.],
iL Jot. ak. Shanghai, Not. (JL Swm^ Seebohm ColL
hoe).
L Ad. [head and S. Yexo, Japan, Feb. Seebohm ColL
m, JvLv. [head]. Seebohm ColL
11. PulL ak. Bred in confinement.
o. Skeleton.
p-n. Skulla.
Ik -Sternum with
trachea.
w, x, y. Sterna. Yarrell ColL
%, Sternum.
tf'. Sternum,
2. Cygnns bewickL
Cygnua olor /3« Poll Zoogr. Bosso-Aa, ii. p. 214 (1811).
Cygnua bewickii, Yarr, Tr. Linn. Soc. xvi. 2, p. 4^ (1830) ;
ihdInoaU, ZooL Joum. v. p. 180 (1830) ; [AnonyTnaus], ibid.
p. 191 (1830); SeOw, Tr. Jy. H. Soc. Northumb. i. pp. 17-26
(1831); Leu. Tr. (TOm, p. 629 (1831); Selby, III. of Orn, ii.
p. 284, pi. xlvii. bis (1833) ; Temm, Man. cTOm. iv. p. o27 (1835) ;
JBaie, Isis, 1836, p. 262 (Dunkeique) ; JEut. Mist. R. Brit. B. p. 86
(1836); Thomps. Mag. of Zool. ^ Bot. i. p. 462 (ia37) ; Gould,
B. £ur. pL 356 (pt ziz. 1^37) ; Lest. Compl. de Buff,, Ois. ix.
p. 628 (1837) ; id. op. cU. 2nd ed. p. 218 (1838) ; BaUl. CompU
Bend. vii. p. 1021 (1838) ; Blainv. ibid. p. 1025 ; Bp. Comp.
Lift, p. 65, n. 396 (1838) ; Eyt. Man. Anat. p. 98, pL 18 (trachea
and sternum) (1838) ; Wiegm. Arch. Naturg. 1838, i.p.367,Taf. ix.
(1838) ; Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 222 ; Hard. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mm.
jt 118 (1844); Gerbe, Bee. Zool. 1845, p. 244; ? Midd. Sib.
iUiee, iL 2, p. 224 (Taimyr) (1853) ; Altum, NaumamUa, 1855,
p. 101; ?Sehrenck, Fog. Aniurl. i. 2, p. 456 (1860); ? Badde^
JUise S.0.'8ibir. u. p. 349 (Dauria) (1863) ; ? Parker, P. Z. S. 1S65,
p. 752 (Malta, foaail) ; Murie, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 13 ; Siainh. Ihis,
1867, p. 398; Dyb. ^ Parr. J,f. O. 1868, p. .338; FritBch, Viig.
Ear. p. 339, Taf. 46. f. 9 (1870) ; Reugl. Ibis, 1872, p. 63 (Nwh-
watowa) ; Stoinh. Ibis, 1873, p. 368 (China) ; Seebh. P. Z. S. 1875,
f. 566 {egg) ; Seebh. ^ Harvie-Brown, Ibis, 1876, p. 438 (Lower
tetchora ) ; Seebh. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 866 ; Prjev. Bowl. On. Miw.
iii. p. 19 (Mongolia) (1878); Blakist. ^ Pryer, Ibis, 1878. p. 212
(Japan) ; Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 187d, p. 255 (W. Siberia) ;
Hume, Sir. Feath. vii. pp. 107, 464 (1878-79), viii. p. 114, no. f^
quint. (1879) ; Dress. B. Eur. vi. p. 441, pi. 419. f. 3 (head) (188
ScUa. P. Z. 8. 1880, p. 607; Hume ^ Marsh. Game-B. iiL f.
* Authors generally add tumot, but in FalUa's work the word minor itf tJ
aominapcement of hit description, and not part of the specific name.
pt. e (18S0) ; Norderuk. Voy. of the Vega {tf. Ibii. 1883, «. 838> ;
Cb««, CJuxMiit, 2[id ed. p. Ill, n. 691 (1383) ; Fhrbet, P. Z. 3.
1883, p. 362 ; £. 0. U. tut Br. B. p. 121 (1883) ; SdiO. Litt
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 423 (1883) ; B-mgt, MiL Biol. 1884, p. 45
(Lunft Delta) ; Blakist. Amend. Lift B. Jap. p. 33 (1884) ; Saimd.
Jarrefl'iHwtJr.J.ii.p, 315 (1884-85); Se^h.HUl. Br. B.m,
p. 484, pL 58 (etnr) (1885) ; Saioad. El. lice. Ital. p. 255, do. 356
(1836) ; Oigt. ^ Saioad. P. Z. S. 1887, pp. 589, 691, pL lu. f. 3
(head); iid. Mem. R. Ac. Sa. Tor. (2) zuix. p. 140 (1888);
Pleske, Riv. Turkett. OmU, v. 54(1888); Trittr. Qa. Coll B.
p, 51 (1889) ; Seebh. B. Jap. Emp.p. 235 (1890) ; Jtehnto. J.f. 0.
1890, p. 80 i P Lydekk. Cat. Poet. S. p. 108 (1891) ; HarUH, Eat.
VogettanmL p. 226 (1891) (.-VbhevillB) ; SAarpe, .Oat. Ott. Spec.
Colt. Surg. iii. p. 296 (1891) ; SaAh. Ibit, 1892, p. 26 (HeHgo-
laud).
Cjgnus ieliiadicuB, Brehm, lint, 1830, p. 1125 (aecp. 096 P) (Miinch-
ausen); JVoum. Wiegm. Arch. iv. p. 364, Tftf. tiiL f. ie,f,g, A
(1838); Brehm, JVoumannui, 1855,p. 296; C. F. Duboa, PL Col.
Ou. Btlg. iii. p. A pi. 208 (1860).
Swan (new up.), WingaU, Tram. N. H. Soe. XorOumb. i, pp. 1, 2
(ia31,re«dOct.20, 1829).
Olor bewickii, Wagl. leie, 1832, p. 1234; Stem. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mm.
\. p. 201 (1882) r B., B., * .S. WaUr-B. N. ^m. L p. 423
(1884).
Cjgnus borwickii («rr.), ^lon, Man. Anat. pL 16 (trftchea and
Oygn
12) ; e.B. Or. Got. B. iii.
p. 610, n. 6 (1844) i 'Bchnb. Sun. Av., NatotorM, t. 106. ff. 963-
64 (1845); Schl^. Namtanma, 1865, p. 268, Taf. iv. S. i~i
(heada) ; Altum, ibid. (noU), Taf. iv. fi! 6, 6 (beads) ; Baedek.
Eier eur. Vog. t. SI (18S5); Swinh. Zaolog. 1860, p, 6024; id.
Ibu, 1861, p. 344 (China), 1862, p. 2^4 : id. P. Z. S. 1W3, p. 323
(Canton) ; P A. Heat, this, ISaii, p. 615 (SpiwKTseu) : ScUfg. .V.«,
" ". Anseres, p. 82 (1866) ; Degl. If Gerbe, Om. Eur. il p. 474,
vn.
Tl
**T*| I 1;^
i
if"* -M
Lrfk - ■■ ^- ^
«r
i. ur i« -,'■1.
«. Aa.. ^ ^ =.
i::.*-.^
" " i.l»-'L L. 7* * **-•
V'SS.
tr. J--
- r"f-
-l-
j- •
•- x-r-.
^'. A'-*
•^b'
_ »-
CfclfciC^'tf". «-(Jitt:. j^r:..Mr.
- -;^.^^.
«r . 'J
._ f
.u
'JV
ilK. i/JL.. &
/. Skeleton.
m. SkuU and
feet.
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
. Cygnu colombiatiiu.
M.) Trap. p. 294 (1791) (ma; be
f (>gnna fems, Bartr. (nc
v. buccinator),
WhisUing Swan, P. A!im, HitL of the BxpeM. wtdtr ti
of Capt Lewii and Clarice, i. p. 398, ii. p. 192 (1814) •.
Anaa c^umbianus, Ord, Gutitie'i Geogr. 3nd Am. ed. p. 319(1615).
Anas cjgnuB, Bp. (nee iinn.) Obg. Nomaul. WiU. p. ~- ( 18«) ; id.
Speech. Comp. p, 70, n. 237 (1827).
Cygnua muricus, Bp. {nee Bedat.) I c,\ id. 8m, p. 379 (1828);
LinA Am. Joum. iliv. p. 268 (1843).
Cygnus bewickii, Su>. 4" ^A- («e IWr.) Faun. .^.-..^ffl. ii, p. 465
(1S31) ; NuU. Man. ii. p. 372 (1834).
CvgnuB feniB, SAarp/eu (nee leach), Dougkty't Cab. Nat. Hitt. i.
Cjfraus smencftnua, Sharpl. Am. Joum. Se. Art, xiii. p. 83 (1882)
Bp. Sujwl. &>eeeh. Comp. p. 11, n. 237 (1832) ; MaegUl. Man. Om'.
ii. p. 157 (1842) (Scotland) ; Bp. Comp. Liit, p. 56, a. 364 (1638) ;
JBrf. Mon. Anat. p. 99 (1838) ; Aud. Om. Btoffr. t. p. 133,
pL 411 (1839) ; if. ^. p. 274 (1839); id. S. Am. vi. p. 228,
pi. 384 (1843); Oir.B.ZongIil.-p.2S8(lSii);G.Ji.Gr.(3en.B.
ui. p. 610, n. 6 (1&44) ; Schnb. &)H. Ae., Natahires, Novitia,
t. 164. f. 2774 (1860) (ex Audubon) ; Ifewh. P. B. R. Rep. ri.
p. 100 (1867) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 768 (1868) ; id. Cat. N. Am,
B. n. 661 a (1869) ; F Banuton, Ibte, 1860, p. 263 (Hudson's Baj) :
Chop. * 8ucU. N. H. Walk. Terr. p. 248 (1860) ; Wheat. Ohio
DO. 223 (1860); Cbua ij Prent. Smitht. Sep. p. 477
'■ ■ ■- ■ -' -- - -' '■--'- ^ Siver)
(18011 ; Itosi, Ciinail. NaturaL
,MncW
1. CTGITOS. 33
Bp, Compt Bend, xliii. p. 648, n. 6 (1856) ; O. jR. Or, Hand-
list, iii. p. 78, n. 10602 (1871) ; Hidgw. Norn. N. Am. B, n. 688
(1881) ; iV<?&. CrvMe * Ci>nrtn/ p. 92 (1881) ; Mwd, Exp, to Point
Barroto,^, 116 (1886).
Cygnus columbianus, Coues, Btdl, 17,3, GeoL 8^ Geogr, Surv. Terr,
2nd 8er. n. 6^. 444 (1876) ; id, Chech-Ust, 2nd ed. p. 110, n. 689
(1882) ; id, JSiy N, Am, A p. 682, n. 689 (1884).
Olop columbianus, Stejn, Pr, U,S, Nat, Mus, v. p. 210 (1882) ; B,,
B,y ^ R, Water-Birds N, Am, i. p. 426 (1884) ; SteJn, Bull, U,S,
Nat, Mus, no. 29, p. 160 (Bering I.) (1885) ; A, O, U. Code of
Norn, and Check-list, p. 129, n. 180 (1886) ; Turner , Cmtr, N, H,
Alaska, p. 144 (1886) (Yukon) ; Nels, N, H, CoU, in Alaska,
p. 91 (1887) (Bering Sea)j Bidgw, Man, N, Am, B, p. 120,
pi. xxix. f. 1 (bead) (1887) ; ^S^Vi. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 136
(Bering Is.) (1887) ; Macfarl Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus, xiv. p. 426 (eggs)
(1891) ; Hatch, B, of Minnes, p. 82 (1892).
Tail usually of twenty feathers ; bill not longer than the head.
Adult. Entire plumage pure white, the head, sometimes the neok,
or even entire underparts, tinged with rusty ; bill, tarsi, and feet
deep black, the bare loral skin usually marked by an oblong spot
of orange or yellow (dull pale reddish, yellowish, or whitish in
the skin); iris brown. Total length about 53-55 inches, wing
21-50-22, tail 7-8, culmen 3-82^-2, tarsus 4-06-4-32.
Female similar.
Toung. Light plumbeous, paler beneath, the fore part and top of
the head tinged with reddish brown ; bill reddish flesh-colour, dusky
at the tip ; feet dull yellowish flesh-colour or greyish.
Hah, The whole of North America, breeding far north ; accidental
in Scotland.
a. Ad. St. N. America. J. Richardson, Esq. [P.].
h. Ad. st. Northern Exped. The Admiralty [PJ.
e, cJ ad. sk. Corpus Christ!, Texas, Oct. {F, Salviu-Godman Coll.
B, Armstrong),
4. Cygnus buccinator.
Cygnus buccinator. Rich, Faun, B,-A, ii. p. 464 (1831) (Hudson's
Bay) ; YarreU, Philos, Mag, 1832, p. 287 ; id, Tr. Linn, Soc. xvii*
pp. 1-4, pi. i. (1834) (sternum and trachea) ; Nutt. Man, ii. p. 370
(1834) ; Aud, Om. Biogr. iv. p. 636, pi. 376 (1838) ; Bp, Comp. List,
5. 55, n. 365 (1838) ; Wiegm. Arch.f. Naturg, 1838, i. p. 371 ; Eyt,
fon, Anat, p. 100 (1838) ; Blainv, Compt, Rend, vii. p. 1026 (1838) ;
Less, Rev, Zool. 1839, p. 323; Aud, Om, Biogr. v. p. 114, pi. 406
(1839) ; id, Syn, p. 274 (1839) ; Riipp. Mm, Senckenb, iii. p. 6
Q839) ; Aud. B, Am, vi. p. 219, pis. 382, 383 (1843) ; Wyman^
Pr. Bost, Soc. N. H. i. p. 119 (sternum) (1843) ; Giraud, B, of
Long Isl. p. 299 (1844) ; O, R, Or, Gen, A iii. p. 610, n. 7 (1844) ;
HaHl, Syst, Verz. Ges, Mus, p. 118 (1844) ; Rchnb, Syn, Av.,
Natatores, t. 104. ff*. 2775-76 (1850) {ex Aud.) ; Newb. P. R, R.
^tetf. yi. p. 104 (1857) (California and Oregon) ; Baird, B. N. Am^
"^ (1858) ; id. Cat. N, Am, B. n. 562 (1859) ; Wied, J, f, O,
162; ?Bamst. Ibis, 1860, p. 253 (Hudson's Bay) ; Coop.
^ Sudd y. S. Wash. Terr. p. 248 (1860) ; Wheat Ohio Amic.
lUp. no. 234 (leeO) (Lake Ene) j Ba/d. Sep. p. 176 (1862) (Yel-
lowstone) i Blakitt. Ibis, 1862, p. 9 ; Soil, Canad. Natural Yii.
p. IGl(MackeiiiieRiver) (1862); id. 2fat. Hitt. Bev. (2) ii. p. 286
(1862) ; Btakiil. Ibit, 1863, p. 136 ; &lat. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 208
(Zool. Gord.) i SchUg. Mw. P.-B., Angeres.p. 83 (1866) ; Murit,
P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 6, 11, 12, 13 ; Smckt, P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 211-
213 ; Srwm, Ati, 1868, p. 426 (Vancouver laL) ; DaU ^ Sana.
TV. Chic. Acad. i. p. 294 (1869) (Frazer River and Yukon) j Turub.
B. S. Pa. p. 45 (1869) (Chesapeake Bav) ; Eytmt, &/n. Anat.
p. 49 (18691 ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 664 (Zool. Gard.) ; Tr^ipe,
Pr. Eu. Itut. vi. p. 119 (1871) (Minnesota); Merr. U.S. Gtd.
Sum. Terr. p. 703 (1872) (Wyoming) ; GteS. Thei. Om. i. p. 855
(1872) i Couei, Key, p. 281 (1872) ; id. OUcft-iwi, n. 476 (1873) ;
Snow, B. Kam. p. 11 (1873) (Iowa) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 187;i, p. 467
(carotids), p. 65©; mdgvi. Aim. Lye. N. Y. x. p. 388 (1874) (Illi-
nois); Couei, Bird! N.-W. p. 641 (1874); Adanu, Ibis, 1878,
p. 430 (Michalaaki) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 606 ; Forbet, P. Z. S.
1882, p. 352; Coua, Check-Utt, 2ad ed. p. 110, n. 688 (1882);
Schnw. Om. Centralbl. 1882, p. 39 ; ii Vog. Zool. OUrt. p. 70
(1882) ; Huet, Sail. Soc. Zool. A. 1882, p, 353 (breeding in csp-
livity);&;ii(.ii"»(Fn-t..4n.8thed. p. 424, n. 946(1883);B. 0. F.
Lut Br. B. p. 121 (1883) ; Cbw», Key X. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 682
(1884) ; Sound. TaTTeWiBia. Br. B. iv. p. 322 (1884-85) ; ?Babitigt.
B. of Suff. p. 243, pla. v., vi. (1886) ; Sharpe, Cat. Oiteol. Spectm.
Coll. SuTff. iii. p. 2^ (1881).
Olor buccinator, Waal. Iiit, 1832, p. 1234 ; Bp. Compt. Bend, iliii.
p. 648, n. 6 (1866); Q. S. Gr. Sand-lilt, iii. p. 78, n. 10603
(1871); Sidffte. Norn. N. Am. B. n. 689(1881); ^n. Pr. U.&.
Nat. Mva. v. p. 216 (1882) ; B., B., ^ S. Water-Bird* N. Am. i.
p. 430 (1884) ; A. 0. U. Code of Nam. * Chei^litt, p. 130, n. 181
(1886) ; Bidgv). Man. N. Am. B. p. 120 (1887) ; Macfarl. Pr.
U.S. Nat Mm. zIt. p. 426 (Deet and egee) (1891) ; MatiA, B. <f
MinMi. p. a3 (1882).
Cytniua pasemori, Hincki, Joum. Ltnn. Soc. viii. p. 1 (1864)
1. creioTS. 35
colour, and a large elongated patch of a light dull purple on each
side ; the edge of the lower mandible and the tongue dull yellowish
flesh-colour. The eye is dark brown. The feet are dull yellowish
brown, tinged with olive; the daws brownish black, the webs
blackish brown. The upper part of the head and the cheeks are
light reddish brown, each feather having, towards its extremity, a
small oblong whitish spot, narrowly margined with dusky; the
throat nearly white, as well as the edge of the lower eyelid. The
general colour of the other parts is greyish white, slightly tinged
with yellow ; the upper part of the neck marked with spots similar
to those on the head." (Audubon,)
^^ Cygnets are of a uniform ashy grey in their first plumage, darker
than in the corresponding plumage of 0. olor" When moulting
they *' seem to be whiter on the breast and darker on the back than
the Common Swan at the same period." (Sdater,)
Eah. Interior of North America^ more rare or less generally
distributed towards the Pacific coast, rare or accidental ^ong the
Atlantic coast ; breeding from Iowa and Dakota northward.
a. Ad. sk. Vaucouver Is. (/. K, Brit. N. Amer. Boun-
I/ird), dary Comm. [P.].
b. Ad. sk. Snake R., Washington, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sept (CuHU).
c. Juv. sk. Califomia. J. Richards, Esq. [P.].
d. Skeleton. N. America. Zool. Soc
e. Sternum with trachea.
5. QygnuB olor.
Tame Swan, Edw, Birds,^\, 150 (head) (1743).
Cygnus, Briss, Om. vi. p. 288 (1700).
Anas cygnus ft Linn, S. N. Lip. 194 (1766).
Cy^us mansuetus, Saleme, Om, ou Tr, des Ots, p. 404 (1767) ;
Flem. Br. An, p. 126 (1828) ; G. B, Or, List B, Brit, Mus, iii.
p. 130 (1844); Ikgl, ^ Qerbe, Om, Eur, ii. p. 476 (1867); Dub,
Fam. Bdg,, Ois. u, p. 410, pi. 240 (1892).
eigne, I/Aubent, Pi, ml, 913.
Cygne, Buff. Hist, Nat, Ois, ix. p. 8, pi. 1 (1783).
Anas cygnas (errors?), Bodd, Tabl It, Eid.^, 64, n. 913 (1783).
Mute Swan, Lath, 8yn, m. 2, p. 436, n. 2 (1786).
Anas cygnus (mansuetus), Lath. Gen, Syn, Suppl, i. p. 297 (1787).
Anas olor, Om, 8. N. i. 2, p. 602, n. 47 (1788) ; Lath, Ind, Om, ii.
p. 834, n. 2(1790).
Anser cygnus a, Bonn, Ene, MSth, i. p. 107, pi. 28 (upper figure)
rgnus gibbus, Bechst, Gemeinn, Naturg, Deutschl, iv. p. 816
(1809); Meyer, Taschenb. deutsch, Vogelk, ii. p. 601 (1810);
Brehm, Isis. 1830, p. 996 ; Wagl. Isis, 1832, p. 1234 ; Nordm,
BuU. Ae, So. 8t, Pitersb. 1834^ p. 460 ; 5^. Pr, U.S. Nat.
Cy^ni
• «L 189 (1882) ; Sundev. Ibis, 1886, p. 408 (osteoL).
^b(vr. Bosso-As, ii. p. 216 (1811).
I. Cat. Br, B. p. 64 (1817).
d2
Qvgnns olor, VieilL N. D. ii. p. 37 (1S17) ; Bum. Dtct. Se. Nat. xli,
p. 308 fl818) ; 5(<pA. Oen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 16, pi. 38 (1824) ; Brehm,
i(M, 1830,p. 995; Lea. Tr. eTOm. p. 629 (1831) j Sennett,Oard.
^Meiu^.Zoa.Soe.,Birdt,^. 165 (1831); Temm. Man. d'Om.iv.
SG20 (1835) ; Gouid, B. Eur. pi, 364 (1837) ; Zai. Campl. de
Bf , Oit. ii. p, 627 (1837) ; id. op. cit. 2ai ed. p. 718 (1838) ;
Bp. Omp. List, p. 66, n. 392 (1838) ; Eyt. Mon. Anat. p. 96,
pf. 3. f. II (Bternum) (1838); Biainv. Compt. Batd. \u. p. 1023
(1836) ; Lei». Ben. Zool. 1839, p. 321 ; Biipp. Mu». Senckenb. iii.
p. 5 (1839) ; K. ^ B. WirbelOi. Eur. pp. liixii, 232 (1840) ;
Naum. Vog. Deulichl. li. p. 442, Taf. 295 (1842) ; ffarti. Sgst.
Ferz. Ges. Mv». p. 118 (1844) ; Schteg. Eev. Oit. p. cii (1844) ;
O. B. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 610, n. 1 (1844) ; Bi^nh. SJw. Av., Nnta-
tores, t. 105. ff. 252-64 (1845) ; WaUtngr. Nauviatima, 1864,
p. 266 (Scandinavia); Ltcht. Nomencl. Av. p. 101 (1864); Bp.
Compt. Send, iliii. p. 648, n. 1 (1856) ; Heugi. &/et. Uei. p. 66
(1866) ; Parker, P. Z. & 1863, pp. 516. 617 ; Badd^, Beit. S. O.-
Sibir. ii. p. 350 (Dfturia) (1863); ScAkg. Mitt. P.-B.,AagereB,
p. 78 (1866) ; Tritlr. tbit, 1868, p. 327 ; Wr^ht, Ait, 1869,
68, p. ;
p. 44(1
p. 248 (Malta) ; Ei/t. Sgtt. Anat. p. 44 (1869) ; Elwes ^ Buekl. Ibit,
1870, p. 338 (Turkey) ; HtOt. ilnd. p. 397 (Auckland, introduced) ;
ScM. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 664 ; G. R. Gr. Bar^litt, m. p. 78,
n. 10957 (1871) ; Natkut. J.f. O. 1871, p. 265 (ej^) ; SheU. B. of
Empt, p. 278 (1872) ; Suttd. Met. nat. Av. di^. Tent. p. 146
(1872) ; Gould, B. Gr. Bnt. v. pi 8 (part iii., 1872); Oieb. Thet.
Om. i. p. 850 (1872); Brooke. Ibit, 1873, p. 342 (Sardinia);
Severtz. Twkett. Jevoln. p. 70 (1873) ; Dan/. ^ Harvie Brown,
Ibit, 1875, p. 426 (TraoBjlvania) ; Oarrod, P. Z. S. 1875. p. 348 ;
Ih-ett. J4«, 1876, p. 416; Scullu, Sir. Feath. iv. p. 197 (E. Tur-
kestan) (1876) ; Forbet, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 307, 312, 817 (borea
Fabricii) ; Taez. BulL Soe. Zool. JV. ii. p. 44 (1877) ; Prjev. Bowl.
Om. Mite. iii. p. 99 (1878) ; Blanf. S'r. Feath. tII. p. 99 (Slndh)
(1878); Hume, ibid. pp. 101, 106 (India) (1878); id. P.A.S.
B. 1878. p, 138 (Sindb); Bogd. [Ii. Oiue.lp. 170 (Terek) (1878);
'- «. B. E«r. vi.p.419, pis. 418, 419. ff. 6, 6 (heads) (1860);
Cfgnns libiluu, Nilu. Skatut. Faun,, Fojfl. Sid ed. it. p. 386 (186B).
Vjenua tuberauliroBtriB, C F. Dub. H. Col. Oi». Btk '" —
. p. 300
CjgDIU
nutabilie,
. (™
r.) Verk. t.-b. Get. Wim, r
7^ (1863) (Meozaleh, En
Cjr'RnuB unwini, Hume, Ibt^ 1^71, p, 413; Sain. Had. (note, =C.
glor); £lanf. Str.Feath. vii. p. lOO (1877): Hume, Otd. p. 104
(=olor juv.j (1878) ; Steja. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mui. t. p. 105 (1882).
Crmus, tp., Stdkxka, J. A. 8. B. 1872, p. 29» (Cutoh) ; H^me, Sr.
Feath. IT. p. 33 (1876), vii. p. 104 (18,8).
Ctgniw pdidni, S/g». Pr. U.S. Nat. Mitt, v. p. 197 (Lake Man-
-^) {1882J a«>n- P)-
V&r. domesticB.
fAnudiruea, Hfrm. Obt. Zool. p. 139(1809).
Cyjrnus immutabiUa, Tarr. P. Z. 8. 1838, p. 19 (Medway, England) ;
£p. Con^. Lul, p. 55, n. 383 (1838) ; Eston, sVon. Anal. p. 06
(1S38) ; BlaiHT. Compl. Bmd. Tii. p. 1024 (1638) ( =?C. olorfenis) i
Wiegm. Areh.f. Naturg. 1838. i. p. 371 ; Pelerm,Mag. N. JI. 1839,
p. 172 (osteol. diff.); Leu. Rtv. ZooL 1839, p. 3-22;K.^ S. WirbeltA.
Sir. p. UxiiT (note) (1840) ; Tarr. Br. B. iii. p. 121 (witb fig.)
(IB4S); uJLGen.fi. iii. p.510,n.^(1844); j;eA>i6.%i.^D.,Nat&tores,
t. lOa t 966 (184C); BIom. in Naunu Voq. DeuOehi. xiii. 2, p. 237
(1800); Ptnoj/h Ibii, 1860, p. Sol { Ionian M) ; Dfgl. ^ Oa-be, Orn.
Eur, ji. p. 476 (1867) ; Eyt. Sua. Anat. p. 45 (1869) ; fSla. 4" Bhc/cI.
tbk, 1870, p. 338 (Epirus) ; Fielil, Jul? 1871 ; O. B. Gr. Haad-lut,
iiL p. 78, n. 10598 (1871) ; Briigg. Zool. Gdrf. 1875, p. 321 ( =olor
\U.); Sditt. P. Z.8. 18fi6. p. 4(56 (breeding) ; Southw. TV. Norf. Nat.
Soe. ii. pp. 258-260 (1876) ; Drtu. B. Eur. tI. p. 429, pL 419. ff. 1,
3 (beiuls) (1880) : Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 606 ; Foriw, P. Z. 8.
1882, p. 362; SUrin. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mui. v. p. 192 (1882) ; B. O.
U. ZiH Br. B. p. 120 (1883) ; .Sound. rarreWi Hal. Br. B. iv.
p. 340 (1884-86): *eft*. .ffirf.Jr. if.iii. p. 478(1885); S<mth«i.m
Stonen*. A o/ JVor/ott. iii. p. Ill (1890); ifcAnw. J./ 0. 1690, p. 80.
War immuUbllia, flp. Cat. MH. t"rc. Eur. p. 68, n. 412 (1842).
• ■ lutabUiB, Schleg. Bee. Oil. p. ciii (1844) (England,
C'vpiiu cnor 1
Holbind),
Cygrtiu olor a. iminutabilia, Bp. Compt. Send, sliii. p. 648 (1856),
<^niits olor, pnrt., Schleff. Mia. P.-B., An»eres, p. 18, spec 3 (Hur-
Ihui) (I806) ; Oifb. thm. Orn. i. p. 856 (1872) ; Selal. Liet VtrU
An. 8Ui t^d. p. 423, Hp«c. e, o, r (1883),
Fblfah Swnn, Gu«i. P. Z 8. 1877. p. 379.
C;]|piiiB mAnnietuB, pan.. Dub. Faun. Belg., OU. ii. p. 416 (1892).
Hyhridt.
Oranu* olor X Aiuer fenis, var. dumMticiu
p. 127.
Cnrnus oUirc
J.f. O. lettO. p. 217.
Cjgna* olor iS X Aiuer cinereiu $ , Leeerk. I. e.
<^gn«8 0lorrr XAmerdoiuesdcui?, Lemrk. I.e.
CjPgniu inimutkbiliBX (liemicla leucopsia X B, cauadensLe), Xetienl:. I. o.
t^gniuolurS X.^ter cineKuaij, Levrrk. I. c. p. p. 218.
Qi^iu olot 5 X C. atratus J , Zeverk. I. e.
Crommelin, Ibit, 1660,
AduU. Eotire plumage pore white ; lores, frontal tubercle, base
of the upper mandible, nOBtrils, nail, edges of the upper mandible,
and entire under mandible blaok, remainder of the beak reddish
orsnge ; legs and feet dull black ; irides hazel. Total length
4 feet 8 inches to 5 feet, wing 27 inches, tail 10, culmen 4-2,
tareus 4-5.
Female. Similar to the male, but Boroewhat smaller, the neck
more alender ; the tubercle at the base of the beak amaller,
Tounff. Plumage almost a sootj' grey ; neck and under surface of
the body lighter in colour ; beak lead-colour ; nostrils and the basal
maigmal line black.
CifgTUti. Covered with soft brownish or dull aahy-grey down,
whidi on the lower throat and breast becomes much paler, almost
white ; bill and lega lead-grey.
In this bird the keel of the sternum is simple, unprovided with
any cavity.
I quite agree with Mr. Seebohm and others, who believe that the
so-called Polish Swan can only be regarded as a quasi-albino pro-
duced by domeetication. None of the characters attributed to
C. immuiabilis are constant.
Sab. Denmark and South Sweden, South Bussia, Valley of the
Danube, Transylvania and Greece, and passing the northern shores
of the Caspian, to Turkestan and Mongolia; winters in the
BOntiiem portions of the Caspian, ocoaeionaUy in the extreme north-
west of India, and in tbe basin of the Mediterranean.
a. Ad. St.
b. Juv. sk.
e. Ad. St.
<f. Imm. st.
Nairn, N.B. (imrnutabSu).
AcbiU Is., Ireland.
Ot. Britaiu.
Mushes near Homing,
N'orfoik {(mmUabHu).
Duncan Baillie, Esq. [F.],
J. K. Sheridan, Esq. [P.J.
Dr. Dewier [P,],
M. C. Cooke, Eeq. [P.].
Nuffi, N.B. (immubibaii). Duncan Bnillie, Esq. [P.]-
n with trscbea.
Algeria.
6. CyguQS melancorypbns.
Anas melimcorTphfi, Mot. Sa^g. Sfor. Nut. Chili, p. 207 (1783) ; id.
up. nf. 2iid ed. p. 199 (1810) ; Brandit, Utbers. Melin. Naturg.
Chli, p. LW (1(86).
Black-necked Swan, Lath. Sm. iii. 2. p. 438, n. 3 (1785) ; Griff.
A». Eingd. iii. p. 661, pi. — (1839).
ADM nigricollis, Gm. S. N. i. 3, n. 502, n. 48 (1788) (.-.r Bougaair-
rilU): Lath. Ind. On. it. p. a-H, n. S (1790).
AnxB melanowphalfl, Gm. S. If. i. 2, p. 502, u. 49 0'88) (ei
Anict mel«ici)iypl""«, Sonn. £Vw. Jititk. i, p. 108, n. 3 (1790).
Atuer nigricullii, jSonn. /. c n. 3 (1790).
Ci«ne de c»beia negra., I/Aatra, ApiuU. iii. p. 404, n. 42C (1805) ; id.
Toy. (SbxR. «f.), iv. p. 323 (ISOO).
' mus melanocephalua, rieill. X. D. n. p. 43 (1817); Blatnv.
- ■ " ■ ii. p. 1026 (1838) ; ZicM. AbnimcA Av. p. 101
Cysatii :
Cygam niffricxillis, ■' Lath.," Dum. Diet. Sc. Jfat. iii, p. 813 (1818)
** ■ " " ■ ■ - ). 17 (1824); Boie, ira,!^""
•■t<jt/i, Gm. ZaU. xu. 2, p. 17 (1824) ; £ok, Iris, 1826, p. 9
£tf(. MoH. Atiat. p. 98 (1838) ; D'Orb. Vay. Am. M(r., Itm
p. 304 (note) (16^) ; id. Wirgm. Areh. 1839, L p. 67 ; Leu. Bte.
TSeol. 1830, p. 323 ; JKwm. Mus. SfHck. iU. p. 8 0839) ; IVpp. ibid.
p. 9 (note) (1839) ; l9a»tr, P. Z. S. 1&13, p. 118 (Chili) ; G. B.
Or. Lilt B. Brit. Mm. iii. p. 130 (1844) ; u/. Gen. B. iii. p. 610,
n. 8 (1614) ; HaHl. Syd. Fere. Get. Mia. p. US (1844) : Bdmb.
&>[. Ab., Natatores, 1. 106. (. 967 (184J)) ; Yarr. P. Z. S. 1&17,
p.&t(eKg): UaHt. Ind. Axar. Apiaa. p. 27, n. 426 (1847); De»
afurt, m Oav't Hilt. Chiie, i. p. 445, pi. 14 (1848): Bibra,
Dmktekr. k. Ak. Wit»en*ek. t. 3, p. 131 (1853) (cf. J.f. O. 1865,
n. 57) ; Thien. FoHpJlata»g. i. 76. f. 8 fegg) (1864) ; Bp. Compl.
Send, xliii. p. 648, a. 2 (1856) ; Burm. Smt. Ueb. iii. p. 432 (Sta.
Calhariua L) (1866); Ow*. f.S. Adrtm. Exp., Zool. p. 300 (1856) ;
OvJd. P.ZS. 1859, p. 98 ; Sclat. ibid. p. 206 (Fdlilanil Isl.) ;
Jfurm. J./. 0. 1860, p. 266; Wolf^ Selat. ZooL Sketch. I. pi. 48
ami) ; Mbaft, Ibis, 1861, p. 159 (Falkliuids) ; Burnt. La-Plata
Xtim, ii. p. 612 (1861) : SeAltff. DieraU. p. 277, witb fig, (1864) ;
Afe, Beiie Nonara, VTSg. p. 137 (1865); Sdikg. Mue. P.-B.,
Amctch, p. 79 (1866) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1867, u.3S4; Ph.^ Landl,.
Cat. Ae. CkiL p. 60 (1868) ; Cmningh. Ibii. 1866, p. JS8 ; &/. j-
Sale. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 145 (G.nchitM) ; iid. Ibis, 1869, p. 284
(EUxabetli ble) ; At. Sun. Anal. p. 46 (1869) ; Selat. P. Z S.
1868, p. 629 (Zool. G«d.), 1870, p. 666 (Zool. Gsrd.) ; Pel:. Om.
JBMa. p. 459 (1870) : Sftal.^ Sidv. IbU, 1870, p. 504 (emrs, Eliift-
betli Uand): JB. Zooi. Oen. Amit. 1871, pp. 196-U)8; G. R.
Or. Hmd-Uit, m. p. 78, d. 10690 (1871): Gieb. Tha. Ont. i.
p. 856 (1872) J Burm. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 386 (ParanA) j Oarrod,
r. Z. S. 1873, pp. 467 (carotids), 639; Selat. ^ Salv. Jfim. An.
>«(rop. p. 150, n. 1 (1878); Garr.P.Z.S. 1876, p. 348) Gtdliv.
aid. p. 488 ; Dum/. IMi, 1876, p. 163 ; Seiat. ^ Sale. P. Z. S.
1876, p. 370; £hirn/. /&>, 1877, pp. 41 (Chupnt), 191 (Buenos
Ajms), 1876, p. «M (Centr. Patagonia); ffAwH, Ibu, 1880,
p. 38; Schm^, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 317; &Ial. iSui pp. 606, 636 ;
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 14 (Hugh Bay) ; Jbr6«, P. Z. S.
1682, p. 362; SeAnw. Om. Centralbl. 1^, p. 89; id. Vog.
Zaol. Girt. p. 70 (1882) ; A. MUtie-JBdw. Hum. Rig. Aiutr. ch. ix.
p. 40 (1882) ; Sdal. LUt Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 424, n. &70 (1883) ;
Sanoag, Avk, 1884, p, 273 (Entrerios) ; Btrl. J. f. O. 1887,
p. 183 (Sta. C&tharinK, ParaD&, and B. Ajiea) ; Burm. Anal. Mm.
Nac. Bum. Airai,iu.^. 2i7 (1888); Sclat. Argent. Om.\i.-f.\U,
pL xriii. (1889) ; Triitr. Cat. CoU. B. p. 51 (1889) ; Kerr, Ibu, 1890,
p. 368; Er>an»,Ibi», 1891, p, 71 (incubation) ; Frenstl,J.f. O. 1891,
p. 126 (Oordova) ; (hut. Miu. &. Cap Horn, iv. Ou. p. 186 (1891) ;
Martert, Kat. VogeUammi. p. 228 (1891) ; Holland, IbU, 1892,
p. 206 (Argentina) ; Berk. Jatne», New LUt ChiL B. p. 9, u. 147
(1892) ; Aplin, Ibu, 1884, p. 200 (Uruguay).
Anas malanocotyphua, " Mol.," Lett. Cbmpl. de B*^., Oit. ix. p. 628
(1837) ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed p. 718 (18S8>
StheneluB melancoiyphua, SUin. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mat. v. p. 186
(1882).
Sthenelides melancoirphe., iSan. Kmgd. Stand. Nat. EitL it. p. 143
(1886).
Advli male. Fore white, except the head and tlie upper two-
thirds of the neck, which ore black, with a velvet gloss ; a narrow
white atripe surrounda the eye and extends backward towards the
nape ; chin white ; " iria almost black ; bill plnmbeoua, with the
base and knob red ; feet pale flesh-colour " {Nattertr). Total length
about 48 inches, wing 17*5, tail 6'5, ciilmen 3'4, tarsua 3*6,
Female. Similar to the male, only smaller.
Yoking. No frontal knob ; head and neck brown, lighter than in
the adult ; the white feathers have mety edges, more conspicuous
on the upper parts ; tips of the primaries and shafts of the qaills
chocolate-brown. (Stejtuffer.')
Young in down. ^Vhlte, the upper parts with a faint greyish
2. CHBK0PI8. _,_
Typo.
GheQOpiB, Wa^. Int. 1832, p. 1234 C. atrate.
Cheoopsia, ScAni. Ao. ^H. Nat. p. x (1862).]
Sange. Confined to AuBtralia.
1. Chenopu atarata.
Black Swan, IMl. Sot. Bay, p. 98 (ITSfi) ; Labiil. Vuy. in Search of
La Piroute, Engl. ed. i, p. 184, pi. 9 (ISOOj ; Lath. Gen. &/n.
iSvpfL ii. p. 343 (1801).
Aubs atrata, Lath. Ind. Om. iL p. 834, n. 4 (1790) i .Bonz. m. di
Zool iii. pL u:. p. 97 (1826) ; Yarr. Tr. Xm«. Soc. iv. p. 382,
pi. xii. (tracliea) (1826).
Anser dots hoUandiffi, Bonn. Eite. Mith. i. p. 108, n. 4 (1790) lex
Phuup*).
Ados plutouia, Shato, Nat. Mac. m. pi. 108 (1791) ; Ctn. Biyn. An.
i. p. 629 (1817).
Cypie noir, LatOL Voy. ree. La Plr. i. p. 184, pi. 9 (1800).
Cygniis atratiis, VieUl. N. D. ii. p. SO (1817) ; Dum. Diet. So. Nat.
m. p. 314 (1818) ; Steph. Gat. Zool. xii. 2, p. 18, pi. 39 (1824) ;
VieiU. Gal. Oia. ii. p. 215, pi. 286 (1826) ; Fair. Zool. Joun. it.
p. 321 (1828) i Zeis. Man. d'Om. ii. p. 407 (1828) ; id. Tr. d'Om,
p. 629, pi. 48. f. 1 (1831) ; Bennett, Gard. ^ Menag. Zool. See.,
Birds, p. 46, with figure (1831) j Heron, P. Z. S. 1835, p. 107 ;
Leu. Compl. de Buff., Oie. ix. p. 620 (1837) ; id. op. at. 2ud ed.
p. 718 (1838) ; Blaitw. Compt. Bend. yii. p, 1026 (1838) ; Leu. Xev.
Zool. 1839, p. 323 ; .Hupp. Mut. Senekenb. iii. p. 9 (1839) ; O. B.
Gr.Gen. 3. iii. p. 610, n. 9 (1844); Sartl Suit. Verz. Gee. Mm.
p. 118 (1844) ; Gould, B. Atatr. vii. p. 0 (pt, xx., 1846) ; Bchnb.
Svn. Av., NataWres, t. 106. ff. 251-62 (1846), t. 107. f. 2362
(i860) (srOouW); Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 101 (1654); Sclat.
P. Z. S. 1869, p. 206 (incubfttioD) ; Criep, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 238,
1862, p. 142; Schl^. Mtu. P.-3., Anseres, p. 80 {1806)[ MUU.
P. Z. S. 1869, p. 280; Sdat. ibid. p. 620; Gtei. Thes. Om. i.
p. 855 (1872) ; Pek. Ibis, 1873, p. 46 ; Garr. P. Z. S. 1876, p, 348 ;
Sanu. Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. p. 200, n. 646 (1878) ; Sclat. P. Z. S.
1880, p, 607; ^f*«,P.Z.S. I882,p.S52; Bchnio.Om.CfntraibL
1882, p. 39; W. Toy. Zoo/. Gflrt. p. 70 (1882); Sclat. Liit FerL An.
8th ed. p. 424 (1883); Leyge, Pr. Roy. Soc. Taem. 1886 p. 244
{Taamama} (1886) ; Bamt. Tab. List Auetr. B. p, 22, n. 657 (1888) ;
EaanM, Ibis, 1891, p. 71 (incubation) ; Hartert, Kat. VogeUamwi.
p. 226 (1891) i Sharpe, Cat. Otleol. Spec. CoU. Surg. iii. p. 296
(1891).
Chenopis atraln, IVayl. Isis, 1832, p. 1234; Bp. Compt. Bmd. xliii.
p. 648, a. 7 (1S66) ; Omld, Uandi. B. Auetr. ii. p. 34G (1865) ;
Ramn. Ibis, 1866, p. 335 (Pott Deniwni); Hutton, Ibis, 1870,
p. 397 (AuckJaad, intwduo^*^'-*^-"* J7„-AiW ;:i ,. 7a
n. lOflOC (1871) ; Burnt. F. 2
Mue. V. p. 2in (1883).
Chenopais atraU, BehiA, 4
I plutuoiiu, r" '
Eybridi,
Adult male. firowDisb black, the under surface paler than the
opper ; the feathers of the back tipped with greyish brown ; pri-
mariee and secondaries pnre white ; tertiaries and scapulars crisp :
" bill pinky scarlet, crossed near the tip with a broad band of white ;
tlie extremities of both mandibles are also white ; irides scarlet ;
eyelash and lores pinky scarlet ; feet black " (Qouid). Total length
^)ont 40 inches, wing 19, tail 46, oulmen 2-8, tarsus 3'7.
FemaU. Similar, but somewhat smaUer.
Toung in dmm. Upper surfaoe light brownish grey ; nnder
surface whit«; chin and throat white, changing gradually into the
greyish tinge of the cheeks ; bill and lores brownish black ; nail of
the bill white ; feet dull greyish browa ; later on the Cygnets get
greyish also on the nnderparta,
H(^. Australia, except the northern part, and Tasmania.
a. Ad. St.
Australia.
Purchased.
6. Ad. St.
Australia.
LordFamborough[P.].
e. Ad. sk.
AustMlia.
d,e. PulLsk.
Gould Coll.
/ Juy. ak.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
g. Ad. 8k.
X Ad. sk. [pale
N. S. Wales.
Hume Coll.
Adelaide.
Adelaide Museum [P.].
Tariety].
I Pnll.Bt
Southport R., Tasmania.
Oould CoIL
k. Pull. at.
Bonks of the R. Thames.
i,m.PuU.Bt.
J. Baker, Esq. [P.].
Australia.
I. Sternum with trachea.
3. GoeooBOBA. 43
Gkuiso bianco, U^Asara^ Apunt, ill. p. 406, n. 426 (1805) ; id, Voy,
(Sonnini's ed.) iv. p. 325, n. 426 (1809).
Anser Candidas, Vietil, N, D. xziii. p. 331 (1816) ; id, JEnc. MHh, i.
p. 351 (1823) ; ^h, Oen, Zod, zii. 1, p. 38 (1824) ; Dum, Diet.
So, Nat, XXXV. p. 471 (1825).
Cygnus anatoides, Kinfft P* Z* S. 1830, p. 15; Eyt, Man. Anat.
p. 101 (1838) ; Less, Compl, de Buff,, Ois. ix. p. 528 (1837) ; id.
op. cit, 2nd ed. p. 718 (1838) ; Blainv, Compt, Bend, vii. p. 1026
(1838); Less. Bev, Zool, 1839, p. 323; GiUr,'M4n. ibid. p. 324;
Cunmngh. Bns, 1868, p. 488 ; Byt. Syn. Anat, p. 49 (1869).
Cygnus hyperboreus, jyOrb, (nee Pall,) Vou. Am. M4r.^ Bin, ii. p. 304
(note) (1839) ; id. Wiegm. Arch, 1839, i. p. 57.
Olor coscoroba, G, B, Or. List B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 131 (1844).
Cygnus coscoroba, G, B, Gr, 4* Mitch, Gen, B, iii. p. 610, n. 8, pi. 166
(1844) ; Bchnb, St/n, Av., Natatores, 1. 106. f. 966 (1845) (ex Mitch,
^ Gr.) ; Hara, Ind, Az, Apunt, p. 27, n. 426 (1847) ; Bes Murs
in Gay's Hist, Nat. Chile, i, p. 446 (1848) ; Sclat, P. Z. S. 1860,
p. 388 ; Burm. J,/. 0. 1800, p. 266 ; id. La-Plata Beise, ii. p. 512
(1861) (Parand) ; Aibott, Ibis, 1861, p. 159 (Falklands) ; Pelz.
Beise Novara, Voy, p. 137 (1865) ; Scnley, Mus. P,-B,, Aiiseres,
p. 83 (1866) ; Sclat, P, Z, S, 1867, pp. 334, 339 (Cbili) ; PhU, <$•
Landb. Cat. Av, ChU. p. 41 (1868) ; Sclat. ^ Salv. Ibis, 1869,
p. 284 (Rio Galegos) ; Sclat, P, Z, S, 1870, p. 666, 1871, p. 545 ;
Gid>, Thes, Om, i. p. 855 (1872); Bunn. P. Z. 8. 1872, p. 365;
Oarrod, P, Z, S, 1873, pp. 467 (carotids), 639; Sclat, §• Salv,
Nomend, Av, Neotrop, p. 129, n. 2 (1873) ; Hd, P, Z, S, 1876,
p. 371 ; Dumf. Ibis, 1876, p. 163, 1877, p. 41 (Chuput), p. 191,
1878, p. 400 ; Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 36 ; Dumf. ibid. p. 425 ; Sclat,
P, Z, S, 1880, p. 507 ; Forbes, P, Z, S, 1882, p. 352 ; Sclat, List
VeH, An. 8th ed. p. 425 (1883) ; Berl. J, f, O. 1887, p. 124 ;
Withinyt, Ibis, 1888, p. 471 ; Burm, Anal, Mus, Nac, Buen. Aires,
iii p. 247 (1888) ; Frenz. J.f, 0, 1891, p. 125 (Cordova).
Anas chionis, IUig.,Jide G. B. Gr, Gen, B. iii. p. 610 (1844).
Coscoroba Candida, Bchnb, Av. Syst, Nat, p. x (1852); Stejn, Pr.
U,S, Nat, Mus, V. p. 179 (note) (1882) ; Sclat. Argent, Om, ii.
p. 126 (1889) ; Kerr, Ibis, 1890, p. 358 ; Berk, James, New
List ChU, B, p. 9, n. 148 (ChiH) (1892) ; Holland, Ibis, 1892,
p. 206 (Argentina) ; Aplin, Ibis, 1894, jp. 200 (Uruguay).
Cygnus chionis, Licht, Nomencl. Av, p. 101 (1854) ; Pelz, (J* Lorenz,
Ann. k, naturhist, Hofmus, iii. p. 58 (1888).
Coscoroba chionis, Bp. Compt, Bend, xliii. p. 648, n. 8 (1856) ; 0. B.
Or, Hand-list, iii. p. 79, no. 10606 (1871).
Pseudocycnus coscoroba, Sund, Meth, nat, Av, disp. Tent. p. 147
(1872) ; Hein. 4' Bchnw. Nom. Mus, Hein. Om. p. 340 (1890).
Pseudolor chionis, Bchnw. Om, Centralbl, 1882, p. ^ ; id, Vbg, Zool,
GdH. p. 69 (1882).
Coecorobia coscoroba, Stejn, Kingsl, Stand. Nat, Hist. iv. p. 147 (1885).
Pseudolor coscoroba, Martert, Kat, Vogelsamml, p. 226, n. 3350
(1891).
AdiAU male. White, but the tips of the primaries black : '^ irides
light speckled red" {Wiihington) ; "bill and feet flesh-colour"
'^KoK, MS.), Total length 40 inches, wing 17-5, taU 5-8,
■^. tanas 3-8.
lar to the male.
HtA. Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Chili, Patagonia, and Falk-
land Islands.
c. Ad. St.
d. cf ad. ek.
e. Ad. ek.
/. <J ad. Bk.
8. America.
Southern S. America
{Capt. Emg).
OhiU.
Chili, Feb.
Chili ( Weithat^t).
BuenoB AyreH, A])ril {F,
WiUiington).
Falkland la.
Di. Robertaon, R.N. [P.].
Eyton ColL [Tjiw of
Cygmtt anatoidtt, King.)
Furchaiad.
Salvin-Godman Ooll.
SdaterColL
' Challenger ' Exp.*
Subfamily II. ANSERA.NATIN^.
4. AHSEKAHAS.
AaserBnaA (Mus^imre), Lett. Man. d'Om. ii. p. 41
(1828) ; id. Tr. tCOm. p. 633 (1831)
CboriatopuB, Eyton, Mtm. Anat. p. 8 (1838) ....
Range. Con&ied to Australia and Tasmania,
A. Bemipalmata.
A. semipalmata.
1. Aiuflranas sflinipalmat&.
Anas semipalmata, Lath. Tr. Litm. Son. iv. p. 103 (1798) (ex
LamhtthU ie. mtd.) ; id. Ind. Om., Suppl. p. liix. n. 2 (1801) ;
rarr«ll, Tr. Lwi. Soc. xv. 2, p. 363, pk. ziii., xiv. (tiachea)
(1827).
Black and White Goose, Lath. Qen. Syn. Si^pl. ii. p. 344 (1801).
Semipabnated Ooose, Laih. Oen. Sun. Smpl. ii. p. 347, pi. ISd
(1801).
3^C ^Zl Id^ Gdnt* ; AHiJr .' ' O jiwL x t TicuHr*
Ojmi:': JtsiowSL^Z ft l-<e-i^3«: Arwc >* Z i l-ttJi^x US
IuhL ^rtHt. : CrMbic..SiHidr. j: .ikH::- i.x iS :i-i«; - hsm^.
Mm. l-'li^ Asma^ x fe ::?*fir. : Jfij: > Z * 1-Hfc. % if**:
^. i ^ ^0ii^-C £.1. Ti- L j;CEi >n : O^gL Taim, 'OnL. L
X Sr« l-Ti? : Jou. >. Z « 1^^^L i. air. : .t. >-. 2jk. im^
^-Z ft Irr^'-.TH. 4/r. im : -TiTTiB^. 2. Z ft LrrcLi^ i;5I 'sas^MSL ;
C7Z311S meJBD-.iWnnK. 6dM|:. J«i!S*nc x. ^77 lM4^
Cjhemxdiidf jBKixmk neum^ &»£. JKa. aic. ^i. dm . J«m:. x- 14^
Tl-'r?': j&snvc ^»-:p. Zi«l (rirr -u *J^ Z.*f^ : -£>». Jr
Jfinfc JTw jE«fc Otl V *^' -**^^ ■
Cic. Oir:. *5««r Cm*:, ftwy. it. i. .5* 1**; ,
-wm 1t"Z. -aul •.- "nZ b^*. ibtbiif -^>*^
/vmiicrT* r«-dt iieT>: liic- naici*: of laie bKsk sue ncigimszf^ lUBck :
de Bfla of TJit ftTT bimoc bidckiil. vIlL hd ^ultj prDBii!siaii&. or
c '^ ■£. K. PoR EBsnrtmL J. B. Jiike&. &q. ~P/
it AiL HL. X. S. Wutt. Hmw CnlL
«. Ad. «- Mnmrr K. Sr G. Garr "P.".
^ Ad. t. S. AnstnJiiu Sr G. Gt^t y^.\
f. SEtugtazL. ^. Awc^Tifc Z:iqL Soc:.
i. SkbtscoL. Sii}TiiHij!rodinBn GaL.
i, 2l ggyifttniK.
SuTifMnflT nL PLECTBOPTEBIX-E.
Krv tv ik[ Gfa&fra.
m, harm imksA : f aB<bheftd acod htm of tbt* boll
fnrriwbed 'wii^ cinm!^IefeL. j^ ^*^'
it. Jjtme ■pm on iktb ndnec ^». PucTBOPiAjirs,
i^. HxBCF "vxdioixt onm 6. Cazkzxju il SI.
ft. LmdkMlT' - '
16 AKATm^
c'. A luge dsBlij comh on the base of th« [p. 54.
culmeu of the male 7. Sabcidiobhib,
if. No comb on the base of the culmeu of the
d". Head not crested.
e*. Bill loDger or equal to double tbe
depth at base,
e*. BiU longer or about the length of
the head,
e". Outline of the loral feotherinK
at the baae of the bill with [p. 59.
the convexiw anteiioilj 8. Asakcobiob,
f. Outline of the loral feathering
at the baae of the bill straight [p. 61.
and inclined backwards 9. Rhodonbssa,
/'. Bill shorter than the head, with
the outline of the loral feathering
at the base of the bill inclined
anteriorly ; frontal feathers at the
base of the cuhnen almost in a [p. 63.
straight line 10, Ptbbonbtta,
/*, Kll not ao long aa double the depth
at base ; size verr small ; joung in
down with tail-feathers very long
and stiff 11. Nmtopcb, p. 61.
«". Head creeted; joung in down with
tail-faatheis kmg and stiff 12. ,<£x, p. 72.
5. FLECTKOPTERVS.
Plectroptema, Zeach, MSS. ; SUph. Gtn. ZooL 3U. 2,
p.6a824) P.
PlectrophniiPS, '' TImiA " {errnref). Griff., Cur. An.
Kingd. iu. p. 600 (1829J ; Brandt, Descr. et Ic '
n. rLECTR0PTERU8# 47
3. A South-eastern African race (P. niger), of a very large size ;
the adult (?) male has scarcely any frontal knob, the throat and
tinder tail-coverts mostly black, the sides also extensively black, and
no caruncles on the naked forehead.
4. A Shoan race (P. scioanus) ; the adult male (?) is similar to
that of P. niger, but has the naked skin of the forehead covered
with many caruncles.
Key to the Species.
a. Throat and under tail-coverts white; abdomen
broadly white; adult males with a distinct
firontal knob, and bare rhomboidal spaces on the
sides of the neck.
a'. Frontal knob very prominent in adult males. . riippeUi, p. 47.
h'. Frontal knob smiuler in adult males ffambensis, p. 48.
b. Throat and under tail-coverts mostly black ; the
white on the abdomen much reduced, the
black on the sides being much extended ; size
very large.
c\ Adult males with a small frontal knob ; many
caruncles on the naked skin of the forehead. . acioanus, p. 51.
d\ Adult males with scarcely any firontal knob,
and with no caruncles on the naked skin of
the forehead nigery p. 50.
1. FXectroptems rfLppelli.
Cygnus gambensis, Biipp, (nee Lmn.) Mua, Serukenb. iii. p. 12 t. 1
(1889); Sddeg. DierentjD,,m (1864).
Plectropterus gambensis, Childr, {nee Linn.) tn Denh, <$* Clappert,
Trav, ii. App. p. 204 (1826) ; Rupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 187, n. 485
(1845) (Abyssinia and Sennaar); Itchnb, S^. Av,, Natatores,
t. 110. f. 984 {ex ItuppeU) (1845) ; Vierth. Naumannia, 1852,
pp. 40, 41, 42 ; Brehm, J,f. O. 1854, p. 84 (Sudan) ; Harti, ibid.
p. 302 (part.); Brehm, Vogelf. p. 865 (1855); Heugl. Uebers.
n. 680 (1856) ; HarU. Syst Om. WeHafr. p. 246, n. 697 (part.)
(1857) ; Brehm, J.f. O. 1857, p. 378 (N.E. Afr.), 1858, pp. 409,
410, 471 ; Heugl. J. f. O. 1863, pp. 4, 164 ; Aniin. Cat. Descr.
5. 112 (1864) ; Schleg. Mus. F.-B., Anseres, p. 93 (part) (1866) ;
Teugl. Beise Ahess. 1861-62, p. 288 (1868) ; id. Bets, in d. Oeb.
Weiss. Nil, 1862-^, pp. 133, 384 (1869); id. Feterm. Geogr.
Mitth. 1869, p. 413.
Anser (Plectropterus) gambensis, Brehm, J. f. O. 1853^ Extrah.
p. 104 (N.E. Afirica), 1855, pp. 486, 488, 1856, p. 468.
P Plectropterus brevirostris, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 365 (1855).
Plectropterus riippelli. Sclat. F. Z. S. 1859, p. 182, pi. 153. f. 1,
1860, pp. 28-42 (with cut of the head and trachea) ; MaHl. J.f. O.
1861, p. 272 ; Eyt. Syn. Anat. p. 24 (1869) ; Finseh ^ Hartl.
Fog. Ost-A/r. p. 801 (part) (1870) ; O. B. Gr. Hand-list, iii.
p. 73, n. 10554 (1871) ; Selat. F. Z. S. 1876, p. 696 (ZooL Gard.),
1877, p. 48, 1880, p. 498 ; Bchnw. Vog. d. Zool. Gdrt p. 68
(1882) ; Sdat List VeH. An. 8th ed. p. 415, n. 942 (E. Africa)
(1883) ; HarterU Kat. VogelsamnU. p. 226, n. 8352 (Abyssinia)
(1891).
AnM riippellj, part., QUb. Tht*. Om. i. p. 862 (1872).
Flectropterus gombienos, pftrt., HeugL Om. N.O.-Afr. iL 2, p. 1275
(187.4).
Advlt wiale. Similar to that of P. gamheiuie, bnt larger, and with
a very high frtintal knob ; tvo rhomboidal naked spscee on the
aideB of the neck ; cheeks and throat white. Total length about
40 inches, wing 21'6, tail 10, bill from the gape 3'5, tarsus 4'^.
FtmaU, Sinular to the male, but smaller and without the frontal
knob.
Eab. North-east Africa, westwards as far as the Central part.
a. [J f] ad. at. Central Africa.
i. LSnBd. Bt. Africa.
c. Skelbton.
d. Skeleton (head agiired, P. Z. S. 1860,
2. Plectroptenu gsmbensu.
&nser gombensiB, Briu. Om. vi. p. 283 (1760) ; ^utw, Mia. Lener.
p. 229, pi. 66 (1798) ; ViaU. N. D. xxiii. p. 328, pi. M 2. f. 1
(1818); Than. Diet. 8c. Nat. mtt. p. 464 (1835); Bam. Zod.
Oard. Menag. ii. p. 207 with fi^. (1831) ; Le*». Compl. dt Buff.,
Ou. ix. p. 526 (1837) ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 717 (1838) ; K. ^ B.
Wirbdth. £ur. pp. IhiIt, 226 (1840) ; Yarr. P. Z. S. 1841,
p. 71 (trachea) ; Schleg. Ben. Crit. p. 106 (Europe ?) (1844).
Anas gambensiB, itnn. S. N. i. p. I9fl, d. 3 (1760) ; Gm. S. JV. L 2,
p. 503, n. 3 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 839, n. 19 (1790) ; Oip.
jRipn. An. i. p. 680 (1817) ; Lath. Oen. Hiit. x. p. 241 (1834) ;
Cub. B^. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 667 (1829); Lt^. Mag. d* ZooL
1834, p. — . pla. Si), 30 ; Qiet. Tka. On. i. p. 352 (part.) (1872).
Spur-wiugod GToose, Lath. &/n. iii. 2, p. 462, n. 15, t. cii. (1785).
Ajiser spiQiaus, Brnin. Enc. Mith. \. p. 118, pi. 29. f. 1 (1790) (i
I
Se. LUb. 1873, p. IBS, ISie. p. 289; Sekt. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 48
(eggj) ; Bm. Jom. Ac. Be. Liib. 1879, p. 1S3 ; 8<Jat. F. Z. S. 1880,
p. 48» ( Weetem and 8. Africa 1) ; Boc. Om. Ana. p. 491 (1881) ;
Rt/aiK. I"^. d. Zonl. GaH. p. 67 (1682) ; Sdhm, J. f. O. 1882,
p. 183 (Eabnnia, E. Afr.) : TeU. in Holub, Btatr. Om. Sudafr,
pp. 310 & foil, (skeleton, p. 311, akuU, pp. 3U, 317) (18^):
B.O.a. LittBHt.B. p. 114 {188S); Sdia. Liat Tert. ^n. 8th ed.
p. 41& (We«t Africa, but aUo ShirS Birer) (18S3); ^iarpe,
Lm/<ird'i B. S. Aft. p. 748 (1884); FiKher, Ze'iUehr. ge*. Om.
18!S4, p. 303; Siihm, J./. O. 1885. p. 38; /SrcArr, iVrf. p, 115;
Satatd. yarrtlTi But Br. B. \i. p. SM (1885) ; 5rifl/. IhU, 1886,
p. 300. t. 3 (roiinus) ; ffcAnw, /. /. O. 1887, p. 46 ; MaUvh. ihid.
u. 144 ; Shfil. P. Z. & 188U, p. 371 (Tareba, MassaUand) ; Sharw,
Cal. OtUol Spa:. CoU. Sura. iii. p. 208 (1891) ; Rdtnw. V<ig. BeuUck'
Oa-Afr. p. 3B, n. 37 (1884).
riri^tKipiiBiiea gamben^is, Brandt, Dncr. et Icon. An. Sou. Nov.,
.4r«i,bM:.i. p. 8(1836),
Cheoalopwi ^mbenaa, Tarr. P. Z. S. 18il, p. 70.
niictn>pl«rus 8clateri, Siuua, Jom. Ac. Sc. LUb. ii. p. 157 (Bistaa,
(1609); Sdat. P. Z. S. 1877, p- 48; Boe. Om. Ang. pp. 403,
498 (1881) ( = ganibi!nBu).
HectKipteraii gambotwis, part., Hn^L Om. N.O.-Afr. a. p, 1375
(1873).
f Plectropteras riippellii, Sarltrt, J. f. O. 1886, p. Oil (Nigei-
malt. Upper porta metallic black, with green and purple
neck rather browner; breast and aides black; sides of the
throat, gmaller upper wing-coverts, abdomen, thighs, and
vnder tail-eoTerta whit« ; quiUa and tail-feathers black, with green
■ad purple lustre : Eronta] knob, bare forehead, and bill coral-red ;
luked part of cheeks grey : nail o[ the bill white ; feet flesh-colour;
iridea hazel {tpecimen livint/ in the Zool. Oard. in London, tixiee
1890t. Total length ttboat'38 laches, wing 17-20, toil 7-9, bill 3-
8'5, tarsuB 3-4-4.
The forehead is more or lees prominent, and in very old birds
ft distinct, frontal knob ; again in the older birds the cheeka
more and more nuked, and also in some a small and irregular
•paoe appears on Ibe sides of the neck (Bocuffe) ; according
r. Bohtn (J. f. O. 1SS2, p. 1S2), there is much indiTiduol
mtetaon as regards the size of the frontal knob and the naked
■pMU on the sides of the neck.
Ftmai*. Similar to the male, but Bmalicr, and the naked part of
ihe ch«eks less extended {Btxage),
A female in the Zoological Gardens in London, acquired in IS90
and stilt living, is smnller than the male, has no frontal knob, and
the forehead feathered ; tbo feathers of the cheeks are white, as in
Uwmalo.
nte lOiing l^rdt hare the cheeks and the forehead entirely
feathered.
Toting iu rfoum. Pnle yellowish, with the upper parts pale brown,
tvo jedowish spots on Uie back at the baae of the wings, and two
VOL. xiTn. B
JK> AtHTIDX.
-others on tlie ndee of the ramp ; eidea of the bead yellowish ; thioBt
white.
Bab, Western Africa and aeross to the East, iW>m Uasai-land to
the Zambesi.
a. Ad.<t
A. Imra. et
«. PuU. at.
4. Imm. sk.
«,/. Imm. ak.
g. <} ad. ek.
A._[(fP]ad.ak.«
•'. $ ad. ak.
k. a pnlL ak.
I a ad. Bk.«
«.r2F]ad.ek.
Africa.
W. Africa.
W. Afiica.
Accra (/. Shnith).
R. Niger.
CuDeoe, Angola, April (At*-
chiela).
Taraba,E. Afi, (Mawai-laiid).
Lake Scherwa, Njaasa-land,
May.
Myaaaa-lapd, Maj.
Capt. Sabine [P.].
Purchased.
Shellej CoU.
Dr. Baikie [C.].
Prof. Barboia du
BoCKffB fP.l.
[P.]. ^
H.H. Johnston, Esq.
[P.]. ^
H.H.JoIiiuton,EBq.
[P.]. ^
Sir J. Kirk [0.1
Sir J. Kirk [C.].
Salvin-Qodman Coll.
3. Flectroptsnu niger.
Flectroptenu gambensie, part, O. R. Or. Litt B. Brit. Miu. iii.
L126, apecim. d (Cape') {1844) ; Layarti, B. S. Afr. p. 346 (deecr.
mbedj (1867); P Ckapm. Trav. tn & Afr., .■ — '
Sutl., Ff^., 4- Beid, Zoolcff. "
Om. Sudafr. p. 310 (1882).
Aiuer gariepensiB, EMm, MS. m Mut. Vindob.,^
Afr., Adv. p. 422(]868):
126(Nabil)i if.
SUdafr. p. 321 (1882).
Plectropterua uigur, IHelat. B.Z.H. 1877,1
'lectropterua mgur, HeliA. P. Z. .S'. 18j7, p, 4i
IhTiten.P.Z. S. 1879, p. r>jSelat. P. Z.S. 1
1860, p. 498 (ZnnMlar.
6. CAIBIKA. 51
Hah. Zanzibar^ according to Sclater, but probably confined to
Transvaal, Natal, and South Africa.
4L c^ ad. sk. Potchefstroom, July (T. J. H. Gumej, Esq.
^yres). [P.].
b, (S inun. sL TransvaiBd. J. H. Gumej, Esq.
e. c^ ad. sk. [Zanzibar] died Aug. Zool. Sec (Type of
species.)
dL $ ad.8L In captivity. Hon. Miss Rose Hub-
bard [P.].
e. Jnv. st Cape of Gk>od Hope. South African
Museum [P.].
4. FlectropteniB sdoanns.
Plectropterus niger, Sahad, (nee Sdat. ?) Ann. Mus, Oiv, Gen. (2) i.
p. 238 (Shos) (1884), vi. p. 818 (Shoa} (1888).
Plectropterus scioanus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Oen. (2) L p. 239
(Shoa) (1884), vi. p. 319 (Shoa) (1888).
Similar to P. niger^ having black throat and cheeks, no bare
spaces on the sides of the neck, or seldom a very small one, and the
under tail-coverts mostly black, but has a small frontal knob,
covered, like the skin of the forehead, with many camndes ; size
large, as in P. tUger.
Hab. Shoa.
6. CAIMNA.
Cairina, Fleming, PMl. of Zool ii. p. 260 (1822) C. mo^sU.
MoechAtus (subgenus), Less. Man. d^Om. ii. p. 416
(1828) C. moschata.
Gvmnatbus (subgenus), NuttaUy Man. Om. ii. p. 403
'(1834) C. moschata.
Carina, :Egton, Mon. Anal. pp. 47, 142 (1838).
Hvonetta, $und. Meth. not. Av. di$p. Tent. p. 146
'(1873) C. moschata.
Moecha, " Leach;' fide G. B. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 85
(1871).
Range. Tropical America.
1. Cairina moschata.
Anas sylvestris, Marcgr. Hist. Nat Bras.vt. 213.
Anas cairina, Aldrov. Om. iii. p. 199, t. 200, 201.
Anas moschata, Linn. S. N. i. p. 199, n. 16 (1766) ; Gni. S. N. i.
2, p. 615, n. 16 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Om. u. p. 846, n. 37 (1790) ;
Bonn. Enc. Mith. i. p. 124, pi. 34. f. 1 (1790) ; Lath. Tr. Linn.
Soc. iv. p. 113, pi. xiv. ff. 1, 2, xvii. ff. 6, 6 (trachea) (1798) ; PaU.
Zoogr. Bosso-As. ii. p. 258 (Caspian Coasts) (1811) ; VieiU. N. D.
V. p. 129 (1816) ; Dum. Did. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 350 (1817) ; Wied,
Beise Bras. i. pp. 61, 163, 206, 202, 326, 327" (1820) ; Licht. Verz.
s2
Sam. El. di Zool. iij. Q, p. lOS
iQ);'Yarri:ll, Tr. linn. 'Soc. xv. p. 390, pi. it. f. a (trachea)
(io28) ; lot. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 416 (1828) ; id. Tr. if OrB.j).639
(1831); ir»rf,£«(r.iT.p.01O (Brazil) (1832); Sordm.inDfmid.
Toy. iii. p. 290 (1840) ; SchUg. Rev. Crit. p. 107 (1844) ; Ikgl.
Om. Ew. ii. p. 421 (1849); Sehleg. Mae. P.-B., Anseres.p. 73
(1806) i Gidt. Thes. Om. i. p. 357 (1872).
Brentft moschnte, Scop. Ann. I. But. JVa(. p, 68, n. 85 (1709).
Anns indicB, Ger. Om. v. pis. 668, 600 (1776).
Anaa regia, Mol. Sagg. Star. Hat. Chili, p. 234 (1782) ; Gm. S. X. i.
2, p. 608, 11. 61 (1783); Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 847, ii.39 (1790);
Bonn. i-nc. Mm. i. p. 126 (1790) ; Vital. N. D. v. p. 137 (1816) ;
Dum. Diet Se. Nat. vlp. 362 (1817).
Canaid musqug, UAvbent. Fl. EnL 989 (17— F) ; Buff. Hilt. Nat.
Oil. ii. p.l02,pl. 0 (1783).
Muscovy Duck, Lalh. St/k. iii. 2, p. 476, n. 31 (1786) ; id. SuppL ii,
p. 348 (1801).
Anas merianiB, Shatc, Nat. Miie. ii. pi. 69 (1791).
Pato CTMide d real, S'J^r. Apunt. m. p. 410, n. 427 (1805).
Grand Canard, B'Asn-. Voy. iSonn. ed) ir. p. 827 (1809).
Cairina mogchata, Flem. Phil, of Zool. ii. p. 260 (1822) : id. Brit,
Anim. p. 122 (1828) ; Jen. Man. p. 230 (1835) ; K.^ B. WirbeUh.
Eur. pp. Imsv, 227 (Caspian Sea) (1840); Hartl.Verx. Oe». Mm.
p. 120 (1844) ; Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, i. p. 315 (Pem) (1844) ;
G. R. Or. Lia B. Brit. Mut. iii. p. 140 (1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii.
p, 618 (1846) ; Rcknb. Syn. Av., Natatores, t. 06. ff. 196-187, 168,
930 (domestica) (1845) ; Ttch. Faun. Per., Aoet, p. 64 (1845-46) ;
Ooste, B. Jam. p. 408 (1847) ; Sartl. Ind. Axar. Apunt. p. 27,
n. 427 (1847) ; Cab. in Sckomb. Reite Gatan. iii. p. 703 (1848) ;
Kehnb. Ac. Sytt. Nat. p. x (1852) ; Wied, Naumannia, 1852, 2,
p. 64 (Cuba); Licht. Nomend. Av. p. 101 (1864); Bp. Compt.
Jtmd. xliii. p. 649, n. 41 (1860) : Bumi. Sijil. Vd>. Tkiere Bras.
iii. sp. 440 (1866) ; Moure, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 06 (Honduras) ; Sclat.
a- .Salr. IhU, imK p. ^32 (C^ntr, Am.) ; Tayl. Ibi». 1660, p. 316
(Hoadurnal; llurm. J.f. O. 1860, p.260 (Pamn&,.Tueuiiuui) ; "'
53
€«cciA fvlvHiRS. St^pk, Gtm, Zr^ zn. ^ PL rd, ?L «( aSU).
AaM G^n^aMZtui^ a>=cA*;:a. XwAt. JUmm, Orm. '±^¥]S^ p1^M>.
pL.^£^v4«,a=:^a lid? : ii Sf». ^*«r/j. I'JO rlj*.
Hvu3£Ca safwrf^r*. Sn£ Jitik, mit, A-^, 4i*p. TtmL p^ \4^ 1^^;
'Own. B.y.'We*t^ p. -SSl* ^^74-: iS^iwr. F^^. dL Ze^'J, GmU
y. » 1^5 : JT^jHAer, J. f. O. 1^5. pu IIS i:e=*wce, E- .Vfaem);
JGEfBv i- iSloicsar. 3r-^. JfsjL ITa^ 1^>.
ff^-rids.
fedTT. Z>9>ft:J2i« *» ri«2.., Ur. 1?. Ll pL il^ l^lsj (=
pL^.ti^r' : iLEmnp.F-an,^4i\ .l^j : ^S^iyt. /m«. £ei^
p. 1*\ !i. :*^ 1^45 : Sciif^ J&r. OtdL p, lt>5 1^4*..
p. 51^ = A- V«ca*s X C. 3i:j5ci*2Ai.
A3m TiATnm 6^;iM», J5. Jtm. p. 3t^ 1^7 • =?A. Vxc&aa y C.
'Ii«3B^ p. ^*? Li:ii!r liLiad IrfuT .
Falirila rail. ^^ Amm, X^ X l". t. p. :ili> liS'. = JL h^yaehm
X C, -ni'iyhara : uL J.f. O. I'^S^x p. -^.
Aius TtriiiHEnea, -i'flf..^*4f £a. dmpt. RfmL xliiL p. '^-Id \^jiI^.
A2a« ii:oaz»uu Pitt. ^Irct. Xrfanry. I'ifa:'. L a i4: ^St^iiEf. P. Z. S.
Ii*?7. pp. :!:Jrx -J*?, l-^lft. p. .i31 . = A. b«j«c£ifc» x C. aicacama l
Csir-isa zJiflcisaCA x Amh* ariachiW. L/^^rri. J. < O. 1^J»1 pp. i2IX
ill ; iZjrtErt. KxL rwfimmL p. :i2>. x :5»1 li&l •.
CixrJia TTi-^raia -' x iJilcKia T-i.paii9i*r i . L^^t^rk. I. i p. ±30.
C«zzaui Tifwrhna 2 x Aoder cssts^fiii f . Le-xrk, J. < O. Is90.
Cairfna oicachaSA 2 '< Anna djpcaa -• , L^reri, L t
Cairimi -nt.iyh^ia 2 x Tjikcxa s^ypCiiea. f . Ler:erk. L c
Jthui maU, Head, crest, neck, ami lo'vrer porta browTL-oLaek :
Liw^r liziiii :ieck uui ':;uik 'iark zreen with, i^ parole ^ioas. «sdlL
f»* <*«**' m.-irgaed Ttm bLu:k: acapolora. terrial-s. Tipper ZiH-
co^erta. iiui tail z!imj?t iaric zreen : iDT^^r lad ar.iier vin;r-'-'orerta,
£ke uhfi ixilloriea. wiifte : primariea zioasr black : ^tKoodories
Tn.»ranrtf» zreeii. wlch. 1 blx.s'fi loatre: sties iLio^. widi i zreen
giofiB : bill Tiried widi hLtrgish ind pin kinh w!iite. '?at the Tanncles
OIL tiie forehead ami aroond ihe naked peri'iCTiIar ^k:'ii bri:^r pinkiflii
Fed: Dwc biiick: iria br^wn-j-iiDow. Ticai latrrb. iboai rl> inches,
wis^ 14'5. tail 7-o* colmea ::*5. tarsus 2*3.
EsmaU* Siznilar ro die male, but ouieli <«ina2er. and Tich 30
CEnzncIes on die head. Toral Length iboor :^ inohea, win? L2*5.
tail 5--5, «:iilmen :hL tarsna 1-5.
ImmtEtwrt bizda are Lea ziofliy and ba^e die wing'-eirrata brown-
black.
64
Young, Bimilar to the immature bird, bat eadi featlier of tfae
nnderparts has a Babapical brown spot and the maigina wbltiah
tinged with oohreons.
Sab, Tropical America from Kexioo to Paraguay.
Pieudio, Mexico, March (A. SalTin-Qodman ColL
CoininBl I., Yocatan (<7. F. SalviD-Godman CoU.
a. 6 ad. flk.
6. Ad. ■][.
o, d. <; $ ad. al
e. iS ad. St.
f. 6 ad. at.
ff. Ad. sk.
A. <; ad. at
i. Imm.ati
k. 6 imni.ak.
(O. S.).
S. America.
8. America.
S. Ameiica.
Britiah QoiaiM.
Furchaaed.
Sir E. Belcher [P.J.
Purchased.
Lord Stuart deRoth-
Sii
']Fi^
shombor^
Cell
p. S tA.A.
;. cf ad-ak.
r. 6 ad. ak.
Boraima, Brit. Quiana, Maj
(Jf. WhiUly).
l-o. S ad., imm., Paataia,£cuador(C.AiaU!y). Salvin-Godman ColL
et juv. A.
•-'-'- TB'bae,E.Fera(J.Sattxv>elti. Salnn-Godinan ColL
Upper Ucayali, July (E. H. J. Elwe^ Esq.
Bartlttt). [PJ.
lUo Parang Sept H. Dnmford, Esq.
[P.].
Zool. Soc.
Htbbids.
Cairina moK^tata x Atuu boKtu,
P. H. Clone, Esq.
Salviii-nodmai. Coll.
7. BABOIDIORmS. 55
Anser melanonotus, Perm, in Forst, Ind, Zool. (2nd ed. P) p. 21, pi. xi.
(Ceylon and Madaffascar) (1781).
Oie de la c6te de Coromandel, D'Aubent, PL Enl, 987.
Oie broDz^e, Buff, Hist. Nat. Ois, ix. p. 77 (Coromandel et Mada-
gascar) (1783).
Anas tricolor, Bodd. Tabl PI Enl, p. 66, n. 937 (1783).
Anas melanotos, Om, S, N, i. 2, p. o03, n. 52 (Coromandel, Ceylon^
Madagascar) (1788) ; Shaw, Nat. Misc. xi. pi. 421 (1800).
Black-backed Goose, Lath. JSvn. iii. 2, p. 449, n. 13 (1785) ; id. Suppl.
p. 272 (1787) ; id. Gen. BKst. x. p. 240 (1824).
Anas melanonotos. Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 839, n. 18 (1790).
Anser melanotos, Bonn. Enc. MSth. \. p. 115, pi. 29. f. 4 (1790) ;
Pewi. Ind. Zool. (3rd ed. ?) p. 50, pi. xiii. (1790-91) ; VieiU. N D.
xxxiii. p. 332 (1818); id. Gal. d'Ois. ii. p. 213, pi. 286 (1826) ;
Dum. Ditt. 8c. Nat. xxxv. p. 466 (1825) ; 8ykes, P. Z. 8. 1831,
p. 126.
Plectropterus melanotos, Steph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 8 (1824);
Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1882, p. 167, n. 213 (Dukhun) ; Jerd. Madr. Joum.
xii. p. 219, n. 379 (1840).
Anas melanotua, part.. Less. Tr. d^Om. p. 628 (Bengala) (1831).
Sarkidiomis regius, part, Eyt. Mon. Anat. p. 102 (1888) ; id. 8yn.
Anat. p. 51 (1869).
Sarkidiomis regia, Hartl. (nee Md.) Verz, Ges. Mus. p. 117 (Ost-
Indien) (1844) ; G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 127 (India,
Ceylon) (1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii. p. 605, n. 1 (1846) ; Bchnb. 8yn.
Av.j Natotores, t. 97. f. 227 (1845); id. Av. 8yst. Nat. p. viii
(1852) ; Kelaart, Prodr. Cat. p. 136 (1852) ; HarU. J.f. 0. 1864,
p. 160 (Ceylon).
Sarcidiomis melanotus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 302,
n. 1763 (India and Burma) (1849) ; Irby^ Ibis, 1861, p. 248
(Oudh).
P Anas melanotis, Rchnb. 8yn. Av., Natatores, t. 107. f. 2360 ( $ )
(1860).
Sarkidiomis melanonotus, Layard, Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. xiv. p. 268
(1854) ; Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 785 (1864) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list,
iii. p. 73, n. 10566 (part) (1871) ; Holdsw. P. Z. 8. 1872, p. 479
(Ceylon) ; Uoud, Ibis, 1873, p. 419 (Kattiawar) ; Anders. Ibis,
1874, p. 220 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 636 (1875) ; Legge, Ibis,
1876, p. 407 (Ceylon) ; Hume, Str. Feath. iv. p. 192 (1876) ; BuU.
4- Hume, 8tr. Feath. iv. p. 27 (1876) ; Hume ^ Davis. 8tr. Feath.
V. p. 486 (1878) ; Hume, 8tr. Feath. vii. p. 507 (1879).
Sarcidiomis melanota, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 649, n. 38 (1856) ;
Garrod, P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 152, ff. 1, 2 (trachea) ; 8clat. P. Z. 8.
1880, p. 534.
Anas melanota, part, 8chUg. Mus. P.-B,, Anseres, p. 74 (India,
Ceylon) (1866).
Sarcidiomis melanonotus, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 175 ; 8und. Meth. not.
Av. disp. Tent. p. 146 (1873) ; Blyth, B. of Burma, la. 165 (1875);
Hume, 8tr. Feath. yii. p. 491 (1879) ; id. 8tr. Feath. viii. p. WL
n. 960 (1879) ; Hume |- Marsh, Game-B. of Ind. iii. p. 92. pL IF
(1880) ; Parker, Str, Feath. ix. p. 486 (1880) ; Legge, B. CM
p. 1063 (1880) ; Oates, Str. Feath. x. p. 246 (Pegu) (1888)
Simson, Ibis, 1882, p. 92 (E. Bengal) ; Salv. Cat. B. StrickL OoiL
p. 531 (1882); H. Parker, Ibis, 1883, pp. 194, 195 (Ceylan);
Swinh. ^ Bam. Ibis, 1885, p. 136 ; Hume, Nests ^ Eggs (OtAm
ed.) iii. p. 282 (1890) ; HarteH, Eat. VogelsammL p. 227, n. 8871
(pak) (1891) ; Mwm, Ibis, 1894, p. 72 (Calcatta).
S«mclioTmBmeliinoQota,&Io(.P.Z.«.1876,p.6M,pl.lxTU.»(Iiidia)
Wardi. Harni. Jbi*, 1877, p. 472 (ToDghoo) ; Scht. P. Z. S. 1860
p. 610; Bchmc. Om. Cmlraibl. 1882, p. 36 ; id. Viig. d. ZoU. Gdrt.
p. 61 (1882) ; Sciat. Lid Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 427 (1883J ; OaUi,
B. Brit. Barm. ii. p. 275 (1883) ; Tridr. Cat. CoU. B. p. 60
(1889).
Afnea.
Asser melaQonotiu, part, Anit. m Jbrri. Ind. Zool. p, SI (Mada-
gMcax) (1781).
Plectroptenia melanonotiui, Daih, ^ Clt^jptrt. Traveli, App. xzi.
I, part. Legs. Tr. ^Orti. p. 628 (SeaegfJ) (1831) ;
S. 1806, p. 426 (MadBj "" ' •"■ " '
.Fbun. Madag., Ou. p. 142 (1868).
Schl^. P. Z. S. 1806, p. 426 (Madsgucu) ; iSeUeff. ^ PbU. Sedk.
jjsikidiomie africauus, Eyt. Man. Anat. p. 103 (1838) ; Ayra, Ibit,
1871,p.260(Transv8*l).
Canard a basse, Sffam. Not. tw la Mamm. et tttr FOm. de Madoff.
p. 40 (Mim. Soe. But. Nat. de Strati, iii. 1840).
Saikidiomis melaDonotua, Sapp, Syit. Debert. p. 173, n. 480 (Shoa)
(1845); Srehm,J.f. 0. 18o5,p.486; Hf«yt. Sytt. Defter., n. 661
(1866) ; Hartm. J. f. 0. 1863, pp. 403, 470, 1864, p. 167 ; Sharpe,
m OaU»' Matab. Land, p. 327 (1881).
SarkidiomiB afncana, G. R. Gr. Oen. B. iii. p. OOS, n. 2 (1846) ;
Strickl. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 221 (Kordofan); Sartl. J. f. 0. 1855,
p. 361 (Gold Coast) ; td. Si/tf. Om. Watafr. p. 240 (1857); id.
J./. 0. 1860, p. 173. 1861, p. 272 ; id. Om. Beitr. Fauna Madag.
p. 81 (1861); Antin. Cat. Deter, p. 112 (1664); Vinton, Vay.
Madag. p. 308 (1865); Verr. ibid., Arm. p. 4 (1866); Layard,
Birdt S. Air. p. 347 (ISST) ; Poll. Rev. et Mag. Zoot. 1807, p. 167 ;
a>apm. Travelt in S. 4/V. li., App.p. 432(1666) ; G. R. 6V. Hnnd-
liit, iii. p. 73,11. 10566 (1871) ; Barratt, IbU, 1876. p. 214 (Potcbef-
Btroora); Ayrtt, Ibis, 1880, p. 112 (RuBtenburgl ; Holiib ^ Pek.
Beitr. Om. SOda/r. p. 3ai (188:;) ; Dubois, BnU. .Vim. Rog. d'M.
7. SAxoiDioBinB. 67
Jam. Ac. Se. Zwft. 1876, p. 266; id. J. /. 0. 1876, p. 205 (Huilla,
Caneue, Qambos): Fitchtr,J.f. O. 1879, p.S96; MUne-Edw.8[
Grand. Ou. Madag. p. 719, pis. 267 ( <; &d.], 268 a, 263 6 (osteo-
logy) 270. f. 1 (head) (1881J ; Bi^im, J. f. 0. 1882, p. 180 (Ka-
komtt),1885,pp.60,54; Pitcher, J./. O. 1885, p. 116; Sartert,
J.f. O. 1886, pp. 575, 611 (Niger-Benufi) ; Matichie, J./. O. 1887,
p. 137 (Bom-Katani), p. 144 (Marmigti) j Jichnio. J. f. 0. 1892, p. 6
(Victoria Njansa) ; id. Vog. DeuUcA-Oat-Afr. p. 27 (1894).
Sareidiomia reda, Sclat.Jttec Mai.), Ibit, 1862, p. 284 (Natal).
Sarcidiomis africanus. Kirk, Ibit, 1864, p. 3^ (Zambesi); SAdi.
P. Z S. 1881, p. COl (Melinda), 1889, p. 371 (Kilimanjaro).
. Anas melauota, part., ScAltff. Mvt. P.-B., Ausures, p. 24 (Mada-
gascar, Africa) (1866) ; Gieb. Tkei. Om. i. p. 366 (part) (1872).
Sanridiomia melanonotua, Heugl. Beit, in d. Oeb. d. Weite. Nil,
p. 348 (1869); id. Peierm. Gtogr. Mittk. 1889, p, 413; ia.
Om. N.-O. Afr. ii, 2j. 1230 (1873) ; Rcfmw. J.f. O. 1887, p, 48
(Ka^hi) ; Hartert, Kat. VogdMmml. p. 237 (part.) (1891).
Sarkidiornis melanotua, Anderm. B. Samara Land, p. 336 (1872) ;
iSheU. Ibit, 1883, p. 367 (Molopo River).
PSarcidiorais ruber, Reickmb. (errote?), Bi>km,J.f. O. 1886, p. 424.
Sareidiomia melauonota, Emia, J.f. 0. 1891, p. 339.
Adult fhaU. Head and neck Thite, intersporaed with metallio
. black feathers ; crown and a band along the hind neck almost en-
tiroly hlack ; baae of the neck and lower plumage, including the
under tail-coverte, white ; upper back, the whole of the wings,
rump, and npper tail-coTerta black, glossed with green and blue, but
the secondarieB glossed with bronze and the scapulars with purple ;
lower back grey ; tail umber-brown ; sides and flanks tinged with
grey ; a black curved line on the sides of the lower neck ; on the
lower flanks a black band descending iiojn the rump: " iris dark
brown; bill and comb black; legs and Feet dark plumbeous" (Oaf«),
Total length about 'SO inches, wing 15, tail 6, bill from gape 2-6,
tarsus 3. The fleshy comb ou the bill of the male is about 2 inches
high in the breeding-season, and very small and inconspicuous at
other times.
female. Verj' simOar to the male, but much amaller ; bead aud
.neck more spotted with black; metaUio gloss on the upper plu-
mage much reduced in amount ; whole rump and upper taU-coverts,
as well as the lower back, grey ; no fleshy comb on the upper man-
dible. Wing 11 to 11'5 inches.
Toung. Head and neck more spotted than in the adult bird, but
the dark spots and the cri>svn brown-blnck ; back and scapulars
brown ; rump and upper tail-coverta greyish brown ; tail browu ;
.underparte white, tinged with rusty.
Tou,ng in dwvn. Upper parts greyish brown ; underparta {
.-white ; upper part of the head brown ; a wbitisb frontal b
on each side of the bead over the oycs ; a whitish o
bounds behind the brown colour of the uppir part of ^
naiTOW brown band atarts from the eor-covcrt^ aod o *
band on the bind neck; tvo wbito patches U
.at the base of the wings, and two oth^s m
posterior edge of the wing wliiLish.
I have not been able to find any differenoe between the Indian
and the African spetumens.
3tA. India, Ceylon, and Barmah ; AMoa Bouth of tbe Sahara,
with Uadagascar.
a. $ ad. Bt. Cejlon.
b. a ad. at.
c <f ad. sk.
d. <f ad. sk.
«,/,y. <J$ad.
et unm. ak.
A. $ ad. ok.
»;[$]ad.i»k.
Jt, ;. d ad. ak.
m. cf ad. sk.
». 9 ad. 8k.
o. $ ad. ek.
p. ij ad. Bk.
g. ^ ad. sk.
r,»,i.J Pftd.8k.
te, x. (J ad. Bk.
y. PuU. ik.
B-c'.(jead., juT.,
et puU. ak.
if, «■.{!$ ad. ak.
/. S puU. ak.
^, A', (f aknlls.
A. Jtialie fpea»i«ni.
Uejlon.
Madras.
Madna.
Deecaa {S^Am).
Ehandeish, Feb. (J. Bnid-
Attara, Jan.
Seoni, Central ProTiDces.
BaipuT, March.
Calcutta, Dec.
Behar.
Delhi.
Roy Baieillj, Dec.
Etawah, Aug., Nor.
Oudh.
Oudh, Jan., Feb.
Sihkiin Tend, July.
Tonghoo, July, 8^, Oct.,
itov.iR. 6. W, S.).
Lower Pf«fi, March, Sept.
Attaran R., Dec {W. Da-
Poicliasod,
Piuchaaed.
M. Cole, Eeq. [P.].
Eome Coll.
India Muaenm [P.].
HnmeColl.
Colonel Swinhoe [P.].
Hume ColL
Emne Coll.
HumeCoU.
B. H. Hodgaon, Eaq.
Home Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.
Capt Stackhonse Yin-
wiU [P.l.
Home Coll.
Hume CoU.
Tweeddale CoQ.
2. Sarddiomis oBmaoiilata.
Ipecati-Bpos, Marcgr. Hitt. Nat. Brat. Cap. xr. p. 217 ; Licht. Aik.
Ak. Bert. 1816-17, p. 176.
Pato crestudo, IfAtara, Apunl. iii. p. 417, n. 428 (1806) ; id. Voy.
(Sonn. ed.) iv. p. 331 (1809).
Anas carunculatB, lUig. (nee Vteitl.) Mat. Bercl.; Licht. Ahh. Ak.
Btrl 1816-17, p. 176 (ex D'Azara).
CaiiiiuiF re^a, ^a>h. Gen. Zool. zii. 2, p. 82 (1624).
Fato de crista, Wud, Seitr. iii. p. 942 (Brazil) (1832).
SarkidiomiB re){iuH, part., Eyt. Man. Anai. p. 102 (Cajenue !)
(1838) ; id. St/n. Anat. p. 51 (1869).
Sarlcidianiis regia, part., O. B. Or. Utt B. Br. Mui. iii. p. 126
(1844) i id. Qen. B. iii. p. 602, n. 1 (1846) ; Harti. Ind. Aiara,
Amtnt. p. 27, n. 428 (1847) ; Pdz. Om. Brat. pp. 319, 459, Iviii
(Mattogrosao and Borra de Rio Negro) (1370).
Sarcidiomis regia, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 049, d. 89 (1860);
Burnt. J./. O. 18®, p. UCO (Tucuman); li. La-Plata Reiie, li.
p. 613 (1861); Sdat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 339; Phitippi,
1868, p. 632 (not Chilian) ; Bum. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 365 tiucu
in) ; BodinuM, J.f. 0. 1878, p. 366 (Zool. Gard.), 1882, p. 21.
Anser melanotic, Burm. (nee Perm.) Syit. Veb. iii. p. 434 (1856).
Sarcidiomis melanonota, Sclai. S[ Sail. Nomend, Ae. Ifeolrop. p. 12u
(Paraguaf, Quiaua) (1873).
SarcidionuB conmculata, Sdat. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 377 ; Sdat,
aid. p. 695, pi. liyiii (Marfinham) ; SclaL P. Z. S. 1880, p. 611 j
Torbei, Ibit, 1881, p. 366; Bchnio. Om. Ontralbl. 1882, p. 35;
id. Vog. d. Zool. Qdrt. p. 61 (1882) ; ScUa. Lilt Vert. An. 8th
ed. p. 427 (1883) ; Berl. J.f. 0. 1887, p. 124 ; Sclat. Argent. Om.
iL p. 128 (1889).
Advlt. Very aimilai to S. mtlanonota, from which it differs princi-
pally in having the aidea and flanks hroadly brown-hlack, and the
mmp with no grey colour, but, like the rest of the back, black,
^oased with green. The gloesy-black crescent-like band on the
aides of the breast is not conspicuous, being oonflnent with the
blaok of tbe sides; the under tail-coverls are white, and not
gamboge-yellow as in Ui. Solater's plate ! Total length about 24
inohee, wing I4'8, tail 5, culmen 2-3, tarsus 2'6.
Female. " Much smaller than the male, and has no wattle (or
comb) at all on the head " {FotIm).
Mr, Sdater was mistaken in bdiering the female to be similar
to the male, as was pointed out by Ur. Forbes, who adds that " the
female has little, if any, more black on the flanks than a female of
8, mekmoMta''
Hob. Brazil, Paraguay, and Northeni Argentina.
0, 6. cf ad. sk. Maranbam [Zool. Soe.).
8. ASABCOSNIS.
AaarconuB, Salvad. US.
Allied to the genua Sarddiornit,
' shape, in tiu iadoutations of
tail, in the confonnation of the feet, bat has no comb ; the hill is
■omewhat larger and flatter.
Range. From Assam and Eastern Bengal to Java.
1. Asarcontia Bcntnlata.
Anas BcutuJata, S. Miill. Vtrh. Latid- en Valktnk. p. 1S9 (Java)
(1839-44) ; Schkg. Mm. P.-B., Anaeres, p. W (Java) (1866) ;
ScUa. ^ Wolf, Zool. SkeUha, ii. pi. ilii. (1867) ; Gteb. That. Om.
i, p. 361 (1872); Hume, Str. Feath. viii, p. 168 (Kassoom) (1879) ;
Vorderm. iV. T. N. I. xlix. p. 419 (1889), li. p. 246 (Sumatra)
(1891).
Sarcidiornia leucoptenu, Sluth, J. A. S. £. xtiii. p. 1^30 (Burma)
(1849) i id. Cat. B. Miu. A. S. B. p. 302, n. 1764 (1840).
Casaroa leucoptera, " Bfyt/t," Jard. Conlr. Om. 1850, p. 141, pi. 64
(Meranii) ; Sckid>. Sjfn. Av., Natatons, t. Ill c. t. 2947 (er Jonfitu)
(1850); Bp. Comp. Bend, xliii. p. 649, n. 60 (1856); Gould,
P. Z. S. 18159, p. 150 (Tenajwerim) ; Jerd. B. of lad. lii. p. 793
(1864) ; Eyt. Sa/n. Anal. p. 58 (1869) ; Oodwm-Avst. J. A. S. B.
xliu. p. 176 (Dinapur, Dunauri R.) (1874) ; Blytk, B. of Bwma,
p. 106 (1875) ; Hume ^ Davis. Str. RM. vi. p. 489 (1878) ;
^' t, Str. Ftatk. -riii. p. 170 (Kusaoom) (1879),
p. 176; ifwne.Sfr.JVu/A.viii.p. 115, n. 965(1879).
Casarka ecutellata, Eyt. Sun. Anat. p. 57 (1868).
Anas acutellata, G. B. Or. Hand-list, ill. p. 89, n. 10645 (1871)
(Mergui, Moluccas!).
Anaa leiicoptera, Hume ^ Marsh, (nee Otn.) Gamt-B. <tf Ind. m.
pp, 147, I7a, pi. 20 (1880) ; Sinaon, Ibis, 1882, p. 92 ; Oafes, B. ^
Burmah, ii. p. 281 (1883) ; Hume, NesU ^ Eggi [Oates ed.) m.
p. 287 (1890).
Tadorna scutulata. SdtA. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 612; Stdtad. Om. Pap.
>. aiKt (If'Si'): Tristr. Cut. Coll. fl. p. -M (Smuatra)
9. BEODOKESSA. 61
glossy on the edges of the feathers of the back and romp, and of
the upper tail-coverts. Total length about 26 inches, wing 12,
tail 6, culmen 2*4, tarsus 2*1.
It seems that in the £a8t this bird is often kept in confinement,
and then becomes partially albino, especially on the neck, breast,
and abdomen ; two of the specimens mentioned below are of this
deeoription.
The systematic position of this bird has always been a great
puzzle ; but I have no doubt that its nearest allies arc the species
of the genus Sarcidiomis^ although it is devoid of a comb ; and on
thid account I think that it ought to stand as the type of a dis-
tinct genus ; Mr. Hume has also expressed the same opinion.
Hah, Assam, Eastern Bengal, Mergui, Malay Peninsula, Suma^
tra (?), and Java.
0. c^ ad. St. Mergai {Blyth), Zool. Sec. (Figured bv
Mr. Wolf, Zool. Sketch, pi. 49.)
(. $ ad. sk. DoUah, Assam, May. Hume Coll.
0, d. Ad. St. [Moluccas], probably Java. Purchased.
(semialbiso
var.).
9. RHODONESSA. ,,,_
Type.
Rhodonessa, Bchnb. Av, Syst, Nat, p. ix, Taf. 85
(1852) R. caryophyllacea.
Bange, Confined to India, Assam, and Independent Burma.
1. Rhodonessa caryophyllacea.
Pink-headed Duck, Lath, Syn. Suppl, i. p. 270, n. 99, pi. 119 (India)
(1787) ; Tweedie, Sir. Feath. vii. p. 527 (1879) ; Held, Str. Feath,
viii. p. 418 (1879).
p. 277 (1838); O. R, Or, List B, Brit, Mus, p. 136 (1844)
(Bootan, Nepal) : O, B, Or, ^ Mitch, Gen, B, iii. p. 016, n. 10,
pi. 167 (1845) ; Bchnb. Syti, Av,, Natatores, t. 85. f, 919 (1845)
(ex Gray ^ Mitch,) ; G, B, Gr, Cat, Hodys. Coll, B, M, p. 14(5
(1846) ; Jerd, Bl, Ind, Om, pi. 34 (1847) ; Blyth, Cat, B, Mus,
A. S, B, p. 304, n. 1774 (1849) ; Licht, Nomencl, Av, p. 101
(Assam) (1854) ; Jerd, B. of Ltd, iii. p. 800 (1864) ; Schley, Mus,
F,'B., Anseres, p. 62 (1866) ; Gieb, Thes, Oni, i. p. 346 (syn.
emend.) (1872) ; Hun^e, Nests ^- :^s Ind. B, p. 644 (1873) ;
Sdat, P. Z, S, 1874, p. 110 (Zool. Gard.) ; Blyth, B, of Burma,
p. 165 (Arakan, Bhamo) (1875) ; Fairbank, Str, Feath, iv. p. SO'
(Khandala) (1876) ; Davidson, Str. Feath, vii. p. 95 (1878) ; Bml
i, c. p. 232 (Rajmehal Hills, Hazaribagh) (1878) ; Hume, Str. Ibaii
vii. p. 492 (1879), viii. p. 501 (1879) ; Ilume ^ Marsh. Game-B,
Ind, iii. pp. 174, 435, pi. 23 (1880) ; Simson, Ibis, 1884, p. 271
(Pumeah and Maldah district) ; C, Sioinh, ^ Bam. Bm, 1885,
p. 137 (Lake Depalpore) ; Tridr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 48 (1889)
Hartert, Eat. Voyelsammk p. 231 (1891).
Adm etythrocephalft, Bonn, (wee 8. O. Om.) EtK. Mith. i. p. 143,
pi. 36. f. 3 (1780).
FuliguU carjophyUftCea, Sti^h. Gen. Zoot. idi 2, p. 207 (1824).
Milouin h cou rose, Leu. Tr. if Om. p. 6S2, □. 40 (Bengala) (18S1) ;
Pudwr.Rm. etMag.de Zool. I860, p. 636(=A.carTophjlUcea.);
BartlJ.f. O. 1855, p. 420.
Cftllichen caryophyllaceum, %(. Mm. Anat. p. 162 (1838).
Tadoma P caijophjllacea, Jerd. Madr. Jotmt. zii. p. 2^1, n. 368
(1840).
Bhodonena canophylliicea, Sthnb. Av. Sytt Nat. p. ix (1862) ;
Bp. Compt. Send, xliii. p. 649, n. 77 (1666) ; 0. S. Or. Cat.
Hodgt. CoU. B. M. 2aA ed. p. 77 (1863) ; id. Baitd^id, iii. p. 82,
a. 1065i {1871) ; SuTjdev. Meth. nat. Av. dup. Tent.p.W d872);
BaU, Str. Feath. ii. p. 438 (Choto Nagpur) (1874) ; Oarrod,
P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 153 (trachea), f . 3 ?, ff. 4, 5 J ; Humi, Str.
Feath. viii. p. 115, n. 960 (1879); Sdat. P. Z. 8. 1880, p. 620;
Sutler, Str. Feath. ixji. 437 (1881) ; Seid, Sir. Feath. i. p. 81
(Lucknow) (1881); Hume ^ Manh. Game-Strds of Ind. iii.
pp. 173, 435 jil. 23 (18S0) ; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. CoU. p. 636 (1882) ;
Oatet, B. Era. Bvrm. ii. p. 284 (1883) ; &ii(. LUt Vert. An.
Sth ed. p. 432 (1883) ; if. Taylor, Str. Feaih. i. p. 531 (breeding
iD Ehorda, Oriasa) (1887) ; Httme, Str. Featk. xi. p. 344 (Manipur,
Sylbet, Asaun) (1888); Huiae, NeiU $ Bggi (Oatet ed.), iii.
p. 290 (1890).
Adult mah. Head, sides of neck, utid hind neck beautiful pale
rosy pink, with, in the bieeding-season, a small tuft of still brighter
rosy on the top of the head ; throat dark brown ; rest of the
plomagQ fine ^oesy dark chocolate-brovn, paler and less gloBsed
beneath, but under tail-coverts very dark ; mantle, scapnlaiB, breast,
and rides with very fine rosy-whitiah Termiculationa or points;
edge of the wing whitish, speculum reddish-fawn or dull aalmon-
colonr, with a white band at the tip of the secondaries ; out«r web
:ind tip of the outer primaries hrowii, the inner web nnd i
10. pnEBOXBRA. 68
plumage lighter brown, tiLe mLderports pale dull brown, with the
edges of the feathers whitish.
Hob, Northern India, from Punjab to Nepal, and Independent
Bdrmali, snnth to Hadraa, but Behar and the rest of Bengal, north
of the Oangee and west of the Brahmapntn, are its headquarters
a. Ad. St N. India. Colonel Cobb [CJ.
b. Jut. St Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, "* -
c. Ad. St.
d. Ad. St.
«. Jut. sk.
/. Ad. Bk.
g. $ ad. sk.
Jli. Imperfect skele- Nepal,
ton (with portion
of the trachea).
Madras.
No locality {Blgth).
IndiaMuseum fP.].
India Museum \Pa.
H. J. Elwes, Em.
[P.]. ^
Home Coll.
H. J. Elwes, Esq.
[P.]. ^
Home Coll.
India Museum [PJ.
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
[P.].
10, FTE&ONETTA. „.
Type,
Pteronetta, Saload. MS. P. hnrtlaubi.
Plumage plain with no mottlinga, and do metallic speculum as in
Ajareomu, but the frontal feathers in a strtught line, the lateral
frontal ridgea of the bill not extending backwards through the
feathers of the forehead ; tail graduated, but somewhat shorter.
Stxet rimilar.
Bange. Confined to Equatorial Africa.
1. Pteronetta hartlaabi.
iptera, Temrn. {nee Vieiil.) in Mut. Lugd. (Rio Boutry,
.93(1856);
Viail.) Om. Weil-Afr. p. 248
Querquedula hsrtlaubi, Qm. Pr. Ac. FKOad. 1869, p. 175 (Camraa
BDd Ogobu) ; Heine, J.f. 0. 1860, p. S03 ; Q. R. Or. Sand-Utt,
iii. p. 83, n. 10660 (1871) ; Sharpe $ Bo»v. Suit. So& ZooL JV-. i.
p. 3U(LouBmba,CWaiabo)(1876); Sclat. P. Z. S. m ~
Soc. Om. Anff. p. 603 (lf*Sl) ; SMI. P. Z. S. 1888, p. «
Equal Afr.)i Tritlr.Qif. C««. 5. p.40(l"™ "-■■ '
aus Ziber. p. , n. 230 (18SK1).
Anas cuprea, Sehieg. Mut. P.-B. Anaeres, i
Gaboon) (1866) ; Oieb. Thei. Om. i. r «
Qnerquedula (Pterocjanea) hartlnubi, (
ii. p. 122, pL 6 (Ogoflufi) (1879).
Pterocyaaea cjanoptera, Bp. Compt. Send, xliii. p.
Est. Sm. AnaC. p, 87 (1869).
QuerquBduIa cjanoptera, Hartl. (t
(1867).
AduU malt. Head and upper part of
patch on the frontal edge; rest
64 uriTiss.
ohangiDg iotfl chocolate olive-brown on the nunp ; upper wing-
coverts blue ; primariee brown ; Becondariee olive-brown, with a
alight bluish dnge near the edge of the outei web ; tertiariea olive-
brown, edged with black on the outer web ; under wing-oorerta
brown, washed with dull lead-blue ; tail brown : " iris yellowish
brown ; bill black, with a broad 8ubt«rminal yellow band ; 1^8
brown" (Emin. Pajika), Total length about 22 inches, wing 11,
tail 5, culmen 1*85, tarsus 1'8.
I have seen altogether seven specimens of this scarce spedes, and
there appears to be do difference between the sexes ; In some speci-
mens the white frontal patch is wanting.
Hnh. West Africa from the Gold Coatt to Alima on the Congo
{Mut. Pang), eastwards as far ss Tingasi.
a. Ad. Bt. Gaboon. P. DuChaillu [CI
b. Ad. ak. Gould Coll.
c. d ad. ak. Tingasi, Eqoat Aft., July. Emin Pasha [C.].
11. NETTOPUS.
Type.
Nettapus, Brandt, Utter, et Icon. Anim. Sou.
A'tJi'., Aves, fasc. i. p. 6 (183B) N, auritus,
Anserells, Sic. Clam. B. ii. p. 160 (1837) N. coromaiideliamis.
CiitT^icm, Broke, MS. {nee Mothr.); ^/t. Mon.
Anat. p. 15 (1638) N. coromandulianus.
Microcvgna, O. S. Gr. Litt Gen. £. p. 73
(1840) N. coromandelianuB.
Nettopus, Agaa. NotneneL Zool., Ind. Univ.
p. 249 (1846).
Cheaiekiis, Agatt.
Sanije. From Tropical AMcaand Madagascar, through India and
65
I. Hettopns anritos,
S irc«ille inAlo Jb Mwlii^-iiti-nr. 1/ Aulfnl . I'i EiU. 7i<i.
S ,TceU« .1" MHa«ir»3Pftr, Ba^. Hut. N-tl. Out. U. p. 274 (17*)),
Anni auritA, Bo'lil. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. Jd, u. 770 (1781).
MaiUkhv**' Ti-ai. Lath. Sjfn. iii. 2, p. rm, n. fl4 (I7S5) ; I'J. (?<•>■. Bitt.
», p, 3-.1(l«3^)-
Aim* miiila!n«^>:ii>4s, G'm. & X. i. 2, p. 622, a. 89 (176^): ZtM.
tml Om. ii. p. «7fi. n. ]Wi (1780); «o«n. Ski. Jttah. i. a. 15»,
n rt7. pi. 40. fa (171)11: ('iWa. A'. Z). v. p. 173 (ISIB); Dum.
Wrf. Se. JVo(. vi. p. 897 (1817) ; X«*. Feni &.««. p. 85 (l(*23) ;
Twon, in iji^irj, Trou moU de tfjofr A Madag. p. -im (180.t),
BemicU lUMUf^arioa^^i', Sttph. Gen. Xoot. lil 1, p. 64 (18:.'4),
Chenalopex mndagtiscnrieDaig. £«m. Tr. d'Oni. p. 6S7, n. ft (18'tl ).
NetUpiu nudngOMtirii^nsii, Brandt, De»cr. el Icon. An. Butt. Nov.,
Aeei.lti'c.i.v.r, (ISiiU) : ^uni. Ou..V(k^. p. 48 (184U) ; LieU.
Niimmci, Ae. p. 101 (1*)4) ; ZTirt/. J./. O. 1854, p. aO:(. n. 562
(GHTibia, Nata], Mndai^iiaou') : B,>. a>mpt. R-ad. xliiL p. &4I), n. 63
(ia.M) i llartl. Ora. Wr^nfr. p. ■J47, n. 099 (1857) ; Oui-n. Ibu,
I»a», p. 331 (SbUD : Cfa.., /"r. ^c. .Sc. PhOad. 1839, p. 175, n, 297
(Owrnia) ■,id.J.f. O. I8fiO. p, lW, n. 837 (Camms), l*il, p, 272 ;
Heugl. J. J. 0. 1&63, p, UH j io.varrf, B. S. vl/r. p. 348 (1867) ;
O^M. TVap. w 5. .>4/r. ii. Apu. p. 42J (1R(»): £|/t. %<. ..in(l^
p. 33 (1869): iaMrABu, 18*l9. p..t77 (8. Africa); U»^r, IbU,
1874, p. 74 (Gold Ciwrt) ; ■: Si^kmn. J. f. 0. 1874.p.374(\ccM?);
Atirrt, This, 1877, p. 354 (Tranavwil ) ; Harlert, J.f. O. 1880, p. 612
(NigBT-B-ouS).
Chuniieus raailatfaKcariensis, JCi/t. Man. .inat. p. 88 '1838).
Auaer minute Jhiboit, Om. Gnl. p. 1 10. pi, 70 (1830).
Nettaptis auritus, G. R. Gr. hUl Gen. B. p. 7S (1840): id. lint B.
Brit. Mm. iii. p. 123(1844); id. GeK. B. in. n. OOii, ii. 3(1844);
&*wi. Sy».-<f.,N«Uto(B^. t. fi«. ft*. Ml, li:(2(l845); Umtt. Zctt.
/. Z«ol. H. Xoot. ISiW. p. 150; id. ,I»n. ^ Mav. X. H. ii. p, 303
(1848): Hara.J.f.O. 18110. p, 173; id.Orn- Beitr. F.iin. Maila-/.
p. 83 1I8OI); M. A', r. i>. i. p. .137 (1883); R^h Sf E. Neu-t.
/6it, 1883, p. 174 (UaHitfCKaCBr); £, AVicf. I'Au/. p. 45» (trachea) ;
&dat. P. Z. S. 1883, p. in« : Kirk. IhU. ISO], p. aSd (Zambrai) ;
rwww, Vou. Madag. p 83 ( 18ffi) ; Verr. ibid., Ann. B, p. 4 (1865) ;
acUv- Mut. P.-B., Aimru, p, 7o ( 1866) : id. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 420 ;
SeUtg. 4- PaU. Jirek. j-«m. MaJaff. p. 141 (1868) ; Gra-.d. Rev. H
Mag. de Zoal. 1868. p. S ; Oib.iiiv. d. Deek. Bn*. iii. p. 51 (ISIUi)
(K. Aftic») ; Fin*eh ^ Harti. Fog. Otlafr. p. 804 ( 1870) ; G. R. Gr.
Umid-Ha. iii, p. 77, n. 10603 (1871 ) ; Socage, Jam. Ac. Linb. do. xii.
p. 378 (1871); Andera.B.bamaraLand.v.Sf3l6(Mi7i); B<^<'/e,
Jom. Ac Liib. no. ivii. p 45 (1874) : Gieb. Thei. Orn. ii. p, 701
(1878); Barlt. P. Z. S. 1975, p, (t8 (Tamatavo); flwoye, /,/. O,
1876, p, 204 (IIuillmCunHiie); liartt. VHt,. Madag. -p. !i57 (Ig? 7);
Fiiek. * Rrhntc. J.f. 0. 1878, p. 24H; Fieeh. iiul. p. 296, 1879,
p. 28Q: Bofogr, Orn. Ang. n. 498 ll^t) (Angola); SAarpe in
OaUJ Matah. Laid, p. Si"? (1881) ; MilHg-Edw. St Grand. Fauiie
Madag., Om, p. 714, pis. 2IH ibirdj, 2t;j(,keleton), 2Wi(08t«(iloKv),
•re. f, 2 (liead), 307. f. 1 (ega) (1882) ; Holub ^ Pel:. Beitr. O'm.
fi.-Afr. p, 328 (1882) ; BhM.. Feild. & Heid, Zoal. 1882, p. 427 ;
Skarpt, iJtyarSi B. S. Afr. p. 750 (1884) : Bohn, J.f. O. 1685,
pp. 88,64 (C, AfriiM); Fiielier. ibid. p. 115 (E. Afrioa); Ai/re;
jhU, 1886, p. 297 (Tranii'iift!): Malsckie, J.f- O. 1887. i "■"
SMIev. /W«- 1888, p, 307 (E. Africa) : Triirr. Cat " ■ '
1887. p. 137;
(.•oil. b. p. 51
(1889); JIariert,Kal. JV'<'^'«'- P-227,n.3fl73 (18fln ; Sftree,
i6«, 1892,^. 270; flcAnu. Mig. DniK-k. OO-Afr. p. 27 (181)4).
Uicnicygnit madagsacftrienwa, HaHl. Eret. SacMr. VopeUamnU. p. IB,
n. 217 (1846) (nee Gm.)-
FNottapuB coromandeliaauH, Anderu. (interior of 8. AMc»,Jide
Harti.Orn. Westafr.-p.M?); Gum.in And^M. S. Damara Land,
■p. Sai (uote) (1872).
NottiipuB ^lulAgaB:^a^iellHia, Siaid. Meth. not. Av. ditp. Tent. p. 140
(1872) ; Rcknw. I'og. d. Zool. GSrt. p. m (1883).
Nettopua tmritus, Scht. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 605.
Nettapiw auwtua (errorB), SJuUtj/, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 001 (Lamu).
Aiuerellti Aurits, Jtchntc. Orn. Centridbl. 1882, p. 22.
Adult male. Forehend, sides of the head, and a collar round the
neck white ; top of the head, a band aloni; the hiud neck, back, rump,
upper wiog-coverts, scapnlara, and t«rtials dark glossy green ; ear-
coverts and sides of the nape pale yellowish white, encircled ante-
riorly aud below by a cresceotic black band ; lower part of the ucck
all round. Bides and flanks bright cinnamon ; breast and abdomen
white ; vent and under t«il-covert8 blaok ; on the lower part of the
hind ueck the cinnamou fealhera with green-black undulated
linea; upper tail-coverts with steel-blue gloss; quills and tail-
feathers black ; the tips of the anterior greater wing-coverts and
some of the median secondaries white, forming a conspicnouB
Bpeoulam ; under wing-coverts black : " iris dark brown ; bill bright
yellow [with the nail blackish}; feet black" (E.Newton). Total
length about 11*5 inches, wing 61, tail 3'4, culmen 1, tarsus 0-9.
Female. Rimilar to the male, but duller ; the white of the fore-
head and sides of the head dotted with black ; no distinct yellowish
patches on the sides of the head and no cresccntic black band ; the
green feathers of the bock and upper tail-coveria freckled with
obsolete rufous lines ; lower hind neck more distinctly banded with
<r. T. 2 "A 't (f
Ceiitrnl SIsilngnsCT.
Twet-dJMe Coll.
Dr. K. Uiiwdlur
Slimw [P.\
Shelley Coll.'
G. F. Scott Elliot,
E«,. [P.].
S^bolim Coll.
li. NettopuB pnlchellos.
N'Mtopiio puldwlluB, Gvald, P. X. S. It^l, p. 80 (N. Auatralio) ;
id. B. -iiwfr.vii.pl. 4 (pt. vi., I8J2); G. S. Or. Gen- B.iiLu.&IS,
a. 2 i\SU) i JteAnh. -V- Ae. NftUtore*. t. ai. ff. 938, 939 (l&M)
Ifx Gaald) ; J}/yt4, Cat. B. Mu». A. S. B. p. .-iO-2, n. IffiS (1S4U) ;
Bp. Convrf. i>Brf. xliii. p. (t49. n. tU (185«) ; EUty. P. Z. S. 18S7.
p. 28 i O, fi. ffr. /•. Z. & 1858. p. 108 ; id. Cal. B. AW OaiW. p. 63
llSfiO) 1 Finteh, Kfu-Ouin. p, 183 ( I8U5) j OoiM, Himdh. B. A u*tr.
U.p. 357 (IfSSa) X SMeff. .V<u, P.-B., Xaaena. p. 07 (1806) (Am-
botu) ; Jbmi. P. Z. S. \em, p. 388 (Que^iuliiiKl) ; £yt. S»n. A not.
p. 37 <I8<I0) ; Gitb. Tin Orn. ii. p. 101 (1K75) : Banu. Pr. Unu.
JSw. A', a. W. i. pp. 194, 38tJ (187«) ; DAIb. 5yrf«. Mmt, IST7,
p.348; M .^HK. ifut. 6Vr. Gen. i. p. 30(1877): lU Aw, li$77,
p. 37a ; Raw. P. Z. S. 1877. p. 34fl ; id. Ff. Linn. Soe. It. S. W.
li. p. 200, n. 050 (1877) : Maa. ibid. p. 27f, ((1877} ; DAlb. Se
Sakad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gi-u. xiv. p. 133 (18791 (Kutau tind Fly
ttivere)! D'Alb. Nuai: Gmn. fp. Sl», 588(1880): Z^jw. /'-"/■'
Cry/, p. 1067 (1880); SrJat. P. Z A\ 1.=1C«, pp. .53, 200<Lsr«t);
.Wwni, I oy. rf. S«rfipp, p. a9 (1884) j ForA^jt, >'. Z S. 1884, p. 4.^1 ;
Blu. ZfilKhr. <jf». Ora. 18*0. pp. aO-i, 20B (Olebea) ; Banui. T.tl,.
IJd, p. 22, n, 061 (18881 j Trirfr. (Ji(. Cotf. fl. p, fil (1880) (Port
Moresby) ; •Sb/i'oif. .^jiy. Ora. /V- e.VuJ. p. 21() (1891).
AmerElla pnhhulk, G. B. fSr. flaHd-litt, iii. p. 77, n. lOoOo (1871);
Jtdmte. Om. Cenlralbl. 188^, p. 3^.
NettopiM pulchelluB, ScUa. P. '/.. S. 1880, p. 505 ; Sati'ad. Amt. Max.
Cir. Gen. iviil p. 400, n. I (188^) ; it Orn. Pap. e Mot. iii. p. 3W
(1883).
Adult male. Frontal od^-. sides of ttte ben4, throat, breast, and
alidomBn while ; Uip of tbo head brown, banded wilb dark grw-n
And pale brown : in'ck uU round, baok, scapulars, and upp;r wini;-
comtA darlc gloasy green with it blniah tinge ; tower pari, of tb>'
'; and Bides with crescentic white and dark green bands, pru-
duung » aoale-like appeariinee ; upper tail-coverl* dark glosey green,
imgularly banded, especially towarda the base, with white : ([iiills
" I aecondanea broadly tipped with white, forming a white hand
' e wiug ; under wing-coTerta blaek glossed with green ; tail
f black ; under tail-eurerta bkck : bill black, with the nail (in
ii> pale : feet black ; " irides dark brown " {Forba). Total
_ h about IH-S inches, wing 0-9, tail 3, culmen 0-98, tarsus 09S.
Female. Similar to the male, but has the top of the head uniform
broWD-black; aidca of the head and throat whit«. speekled with
black : a black band along the middle uf the hind neck ; upper part
of the neck whit^-. with black bands, whinh lower down hate a
eT>t*ornt-lik<.- "hnpo : otherwise um iu the ma!t\
C8 ANATID.C.
Immature mate. Has the anterior part of the clieeks and the
throat tinged with blackiHh, while the posterior part of the checks
and the ear-covertB are covered by a very ooBBpiijuouB whit« patch.
Uab. Australia, Southern New Guinea, Tenimber Islaodi, Uo-
luccas, aud Celebes.
<. [:;]Hd.8k.
/. a ad. 9k.
y, A. tj 2 ad. sk.
i. cT dd. ak.
k. J ad. sk.
/. $ ad. ak.
Australia.
Port EHsington.
Port Essington.
N.W. Australia.
Adelaide River, N.W. Aus-
Pt. AllMiDT, N.W. Australia
(Coxen).
Pt. Moresby, S.E. New
Guinea.
Larat, Teui tuber Island,
Aug,
SakiD-Oodman Coll.
The Earl of Derby
[P.].
J. B. Jukeo, F.9q.
[P.!
Capt Bowjer Bower
I?]-
P. W. BaasettSniith,
Esq. fP.].
Tweeddale Coll.
J. Goldie [C.].
H. O. Forbes, Esq.
[CO-
3. NettopQB coromandelianoa.
Sarcelle de Coroniandel, D'Auhent. Pi. Eal. 949 (<J), 950 (J) ;
Buf. nut. Nat. Oit. ix. p. 274 (1783).
Uoromandel Teal, Lath. Syn. iii. 2, p. 656, a. B5 (178.')).
Anas coromandeliiina, Gm. S. A', i. 2, p. 522, n. 90 (1788); LntA.
Ind. Om. ii. p. 870, n. 106 (1790) ; Vtalt. A'. 1). v. p. 171 (18HI) ;
num. Ditt. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 396 (1817).
Anna coromandelica, Bom. Enc. Mftk. i. p. 159, n. 86 (17ltl).
Bemicla coromandeliana, Steph. Om. Zoot. lii. 1, p. 66 (1824).
Cheualopex coromandeliana. Leu. Tr. ttOrn. p, 627, n. C (1831).
p. m HmKt); D.idd, X. Airh. ,Ih Mut, li,dl. vii. CVif. n. 44^
iCbiM) (1871): Lloyd. Ibii, 1S73, v ^'0 (Rullol); Waid. IbU,
187i p. 149 {ADdauMins); Andfra. Ibin. 1B74, p. Sii (ej^p.-s,
breBdine); fiV*- B. Buna. o. 1B5 (1875); »Wrf. Tr. Z. H. U.
pp. 243, 259 (1875); fiuK. S(r. K^.W.iv.p. 27 (Oiwerat) (IS76);
numr, ibid.: Dand ^ Oiur. Ois. Vhine, p. 501 (1877); ifcABio.
J. /. O. 1877, p. 218 (Celebes) ; Hume Jf- 7>ap«. We. Ftalh. vi.
p. 4^ (TenMserim) (1878) ; OaU». Sir. Fcalk. vit. p. 52 (187(1) ;
CWp*. iWrf- P- 311 (1878); Tiraat, SmU. Com. Affr. ^ iHdmli:
(Whinch. i, 1 (1878), p. lUl (187SJ) ; Lrggr, I!, of Ceyl p. lOCO
(1S«»; Diiiyh. Str. FealA. \x. p. IB-! (I88O1; Twedd. On.
n-.-' . ^|. L'-'V ]04. 413 (1881); Wardl. Rams. ibid. p. 6S0
11--' ."■;., 1882. p. 80(E. BtMiptl); V'^nhna. N. T.
.V .1 ,,,L| (1882): ■*»/.■■ fVif./f. »r»rt/. a>W. p.r,29
I 1 - _ ;, , . ..., 1882, p. 198 (Pemk) ; Oattt, H. Brit, liurm.
iL 1, ,:. vl --;,. Ulai. y.f. O. 1883. pp. 121, 122 (Cuktbes) ;
St,bh. Ilu. I^r4. p. 1'7U (EiuViHiig, B. Chba) ; Blai. J.f. O. IHM,
tiaO |W.E. Bunieo) ; »omA. $ Bani. Jbii, 1885, p. 137 ; Gi-a-
Kwty, O'RM, 188-), p. IttS; SiUead, Ann. Mu*. Ge. Oen. (:i) v.
p.ii2a(TenM»eriui)(188«); EixrrU, J. Str. Br. At. Sm. 1880,
p. 102; 7'riitr. Cat. CoU. B. p. fiJ (1880); Styan, Ibi*. 188»,
p. Jl«; Hume, XetU^Esyi {OiUn'ed.). iii. p. 2tt0 (1800) ; Stynn,
l*t.. 1801, pp. ;il7, 328, 406 (YniigtsB); HaHert, J.f. O. 1880,
p. 436; uf. Kxil. VogfUamml. p. 227 (1801); £k La ToueAf. Ibit,
1803, p. 401 (Fooohow); Styan, IbU, 1893, p. 485 (IlaiuBu) ;
Mutm. Ihii, lam. p. 71 (Calcutts).
Micruevgntt gitra, J/n^fT'. (VruyV Zuo/. .Vi'm'. p. 68, no. 70li(l'^).
Xetlnp'iia Rommnndeliciis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 150 (Trvov) ;
Irhy. Ibii, 18B1, p. 246 (Oudh): A-iwnA. Ibit. Ifi7.% p. (Hi (Chinn) ;
(iieb. The,. On>. ii. p. 701 (purt.) (1875): Uumr, Nest, Ht Eyyt,
p. 0;i8 (1876); Jtume ^ Manh. Game-Birdi vf Ind. HI pi 14
llw80); r<»«-<fci-»i. .V. T.A:J.iM. p. 240 (1886), xlii. p. 410
(l«8(l).
An*r<lln coromfmdelicd. O. R. Gr. Cat. Hodgt. CM. B. M. 2nd ed.
p. 70 I lHl);t) ; id. Uand-lid. iii. p. 77, no 1U504 (part. Y) (1871) ;
Hchnit: Om. CtntriM. 1882, p. 22.
AriMT (N.-lUpiu) comiuMitlelUnus, u. Mnrl. J.f. O. 1806, p. 30.
Cbetiiaciu cutomuidelicitB, Suad. Melh. nat. Ar. ditp. Tent. p. 148
(1872).
Aiu«i«Ua crorODinndeliana, Hutdaw. P. Z. 8. 1872, p. 470 ; Leogi;
Ibit, 1875, p. 407.
NetUpu* kopachii, SmiiiA. Ann. & Mag. y. If. (4) xi. p. 16 (1873) ;
GiA. The. Om. Ji. p. 501 (1875); Sniik. Ibit, 1b84, p. 270
l=car»niaiid«IianUB),
Ni-Uapua cmumuidus, Ifume. Sir. Fnalli. iii. p. Ift2 (187ri).
NetUipiu cnromftndeliaDUB, Blyth, B. Burma, p. 165 (1875) ; Hiimr,
Sir. failh. vii. p. 4B1 (187H), riii. p. lU, n. iTA (1870) ; Ilamr
* .VariA. Oan^Bird. of Ind. iii. p. 101 (1880) ; SfUU. P. Z. S.
I8WI, V- fit* ; Oalt*, Str. Ftalh. ». p. 243 (Ptgu) (lt'82j.
Adull mate in tummer. Forehead, crown, and nnpt? Lair-brown,
I tli« (oriDCir darkeiit ; remainder of bead, the whole neck, and
ter plumage whit« ; a broad collar round Ihe neck black in front,
I lElumiy ftn-cu behind ; the white of the braist pruduced round the
uirkiuid fomuug another collar below the black one; Lack, ^cupulura.
70 ANATin.E.
rump, tcrtiaries, and wing-coverts dccii glosay green ; secondaries
gl«iBygreen,broadly tipped with white; primariea dark brownonthe
basal halves, then while with the tip black ; under wiug-uoverts
greenish black ; upper tail-eoverte white, freckled with brown ;
under tail-coTerts dark brown, mottled with white ; sides of the
body vermiculated with brown : '* bill black ; iris bright red ; legs,
toes, and webs black, the sides of the tarsus and toes dusky yellow ;
claws horny brown" (Oalea). Total length 13 inches, wing <!'5,
tail 3, culmcR 0-92, tarsus 1.
FtinaU. Forehead and a KU['ercilium dirty white ; crown and
nape dark bronu ; lores and a line through the eyes blackish;
leroainder of head, the whole neck, and upper breast dull while,
mottled with brown, the marks on the breast aud hind neck
becoming well-defined wavy lines ; the lower plumage dull while,
btreaked and indistinctly barred with brown ; the whole upper
surface, wings, and tail brown, the secondaries tipjed with white,
and the inner primaries also more narrowly tipped with white ;
upper tail-coverts white, freckled with brown ; under wing-covorts
brown, each feather margined with while : " hill brown above,
yellowish below ; iris brown ; legs and toes greenish yellow " (Oale»).
Size a trifie lees than the male.
Idah in winter. Similar to the female, but always retains the
conspicuous white patch on the primaries.
Yottng. Similar to the female till Ihe first spring ^Oattt).
Yming t» dmim. Upper parts, flanks, and under tftil-coverto
blackish brown ; a broad sujwrciliary stripe, cheeks, throat, front
neck, and breast white ; s brown line through the eyes ; two broad
white spots on each side of the back, one near the ba:<e of the
wings, and the other, much longer, on the sides of the rump ;
fealhers of the tail blackish, very long a ' '"
1 1. XETTOPUS.
71
My f. 6 i ftd. sk.
w-y. (S 9 imm.
et pull. sk.
*"*'• S j'iv. 8k.
c'-f. rf $ ad. et
imm. sk.
A*, r. d 2 ad. 8k.
m\ n'. (S imm. 8k.
o', p'. (S ad. 8k.
q\ r*. c^ 5 ad. 8k.
«'. cT ad. sk.
f . (^ ad. 8k.
»'. (^ ad. sk.
v'. (^ ad. sk.
ht'. $ ad. sk.
y. (^ imm. sk.
/, «'. d $ ad. sk.
a"-€f '. cJ $ ad. et
cf imm. sk.
«" V- d $ ad, sk.
h"-r\ cJ 2 ad. sk.
et 2 juv. sk.
f"-r. cJ2ad.sk.
i»"-s". 2 ad. et
(J 2 imm* sk.
a', A'. (S 2 inani-
sk.
c*, <f*. (J ad. et
imm. sk.
e*-f. 2 ad. et cJ
imm. sk.
A'. cT ad. sk.
«*• 6 juv. sk.
ie. 2 ad. sk.
r, m». 2 ad. et cJ
juT. sk
«"-/>'. d 2 ad. sk.
y*. 2 jUT. sk.
r*, #*. <J ad. sk.
e, tt». d 2 ad. sk.
p*, w*. d 2 iinm.
sk.
x*-s'. d $ ad. sk.
««-<•♦. 2 ad. et <J
juv. sk.
Ankin, Aug. (-4. Anderson).
Etawab, Sept.
Oudh, Dec., Jan., Feb.
Oudh.
Gondah (S. Pinwill),
Rahimabad, Sept.
Nepal.
Nepal (Hodyson),
Darjeeling.
Buotan.
Nusserabad.
Dacca.
Svlhet.
Kbasia Hills (Griffiths).
Manipur, Marcb, May (A,
O. H.).
Tongbooy Feb., June, July
(A G, W. R).
Yavtho, Rrit. Burma, June
(R. G, W. R).
Near Rangoon.
L#ower Pegu, May, June, and
Sept.
Tbatone, Aug., Nov. ( W.
Daoison),
Thamban, Nov., Jan. ( W. D.),
Kaukarvit, Jan., July {J.
Darling «J- W, D.),
Assoon, March.
Amherst, Dec. ( W. /).).
Phalandoung, Dec. ( W. D.),
Near Yeaboo, Dec. {J. D.).
Yea, Tenasserim, March
( W. D.).
Tavoy, April ( fV, D.).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Capt. Stack house
PinwiU [P.l.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
fp.].
India Museum [P.].
India Museum [P.J.
India Museum [P.]-
H. T. Bellamy, Esq.
[P.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum [P.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
E. W. Gates, Esq.
[C.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddalj Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Andamans, July, Aug. (22. J. Hume Coll.
Wimberley).
S. Andamans, Feb. (R. G,
W. R.).
Port Blair, S. .Andamans, May
{R. J, jr.).
Port Blair, July (R. J. H'.).
Cochin China, Nov.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
M. St. Pierre [P.].
Kiukiang, China, Sept (R.
Stein hoe). (Types
Kiukiang, Feb., Sept. \R.
Swinhoe),
Seebohm Coll.
of y. koj)schi, Swinh.)
Seebohm Coll.
d',e^.^ Q fid.sk. Kiiikiaog, June, Julr. F, W. Stjan, Eeq.
/>. $ nd. sk. Malacca [C'finlor}. India Mtuwiim [I'.].
ff\ a nr. ad. sk. Suantik. A. K. Wallace, Esq.
rc,].
A', 1^. (J ad. ak. Javn (Diard). Salvin-GodmAn ColL
k'. <; nr. ad. sk. Manilla {Mmtland Hii-ivt). Tweeddale Coll.
J*. $ imm, sk. Philippine Island*.
m*. S imm. »k. Menndu, N. Celfbes. Tneeddele Coll.
n*. Sternum. P^u. W. E. Ofttea, Esq.
[P.].
4. Hettopas albipennia.
Nettapus coram an del ianuK, Gould (nre Gm.\ B. Auttr. Tii. pt. 5
(pt. vi., 1842) ; G. R. Gr. Gtn. B. iii. p. 608, n. 1 (part.) {1844).
Nuttapus albipennia, Gould, B. AuUr. m text to pi. 6 (1842); id.
B. Auttr. I. IntTod. p. ici (1848); .BcAn*. ^. ./<r., Katatoref,
t. 96. If. 036-:f7 (184fif) (tx Gould); Bp. Vumpt. Rntd. xliii.
p. 049, n. 01 (1866) ; Gould, Handb. B. Aiatr. ii. p. 359 (1866) ;
ScMf!,. Mut. P.-B. Anwres, p, 77 (1866) ; Blyth, Ihit, 1866,
p. 350 (note); Finsch, Verh. z.-h. Gis. Wiea, 1872, p. .339; iW=.
Ibit, 1873, p. 122i Bain*. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 346; td. Pr. Linn.
Soe. A". 8. W. ii. p. SCO, n. 651 (1878) ; Salt. Cat. B. StriM. CM.
p. 530, n. 2678 (1882) ; B«m$. Tab. Lut, p. 22, n. 662 (1888).
Nettapiis bicolor, Lem. Echo du Monde Satant, 1844, p. 127 (New
Holland).
Aneerella albipennia, G. fi. (7r. jf(in(/-/t'(t, iii. p.77,n. 1069(! (1871);
Bcinw. On. Centralbl. 1882, p. 22.
NettapuB coromandelicufl, part., Gieb. Thet. Ot-n. ii. p, 701 (JP7^).
NettopuB albipennia, Sclot. P. Z. S. 18^0, p. 505.
NettApus curumAndelinnuB albipennia, Hartert, Kal. Vogrltamml.
p.228,n.S375(l«91).
ajidelianvt, froio which it ia doubtfull}-
rKtij lo the Ifj/fcUt.
Daul portinn of tlie oppRr mandible formit a teiy
rfi^p btikI" bptown llio teathering of the fore-
hiroilRnd tliAtofthelnreBi feiltherBOD the Miles nf
tli« neck of tbe mole nornuil ; inner terlials somn-
wfaHt bnuul, but with the shnft cUnigbt; undt^r
winfT^verts And HxilliuieB white spilled with
bUckiih both in taaXn and female tponta, p. 73,
A. Ruse of the upper nuuidibie forma almriet n straight
)in«finm the forehead to the comT of the tuoutli;
foatbers on the aides of the neck of the male
tiiuch eloogBted, forming a conspicuous rufT of
namiir ch^tnut feathers striped with whitish ;
innermost t«rtinl tery broad and with the shaft
miicb bi-nt downwaids ; under wiiij;-or)verta aud
axillaiies uniform bruwmsh grey both in mule
and female jfoleriiiliita, \<.
1 . Ml sposea.
Summer Duck, Cattfl. Carol, i. p. 07, pi. 97 : Edte. Birtli, pi. lUl ;
LalA. .'*tn. iii. 2, p. 5J«. n. 8*5 (17*)).
Adm MtivB, Briu. Om. vi. p. 3!i3. pi. xsxii. f. 2 (17llO).
Anas tpoiua, Lmu. S. A', i. p. 207. n. 43 (176il); Gm. 8. N. i.
•_', p. BSD, n. Vi (1788) : Lati. Jml Om. a. p. 871, n. »7 {17»0) ;
Abw. Ent. Mfth. i. p. 130. pi. 35. f. 1 (1790) ; WU». Am. Orn.
till. p. 07, pi. 70. f. a (1814); VirilL If. D. t. p. 10« (18111)!
Ami. Diet. Sc. Nat. vi, p. a82 (1817) ; Licht. Ven. DouM. p. 85
(IB23)i Sl^. Gen. Zooi. xii. 2. p. SC (1B24): Bp. OU. WOt.
a. 201 (1825); Yarrra, P. Z. S. I8W, p. 35 (Dorking); Benn.
Oard. d- Mnuig. Zool. Soe., Birdi. p. 281, with %ure {18:)l)i
Zm*. Tr. d'Ont. p. 634 (1831); Null. Man. ii. p. 304 (1834);
And. On. Biogr. ill. p. fi2 (1835), ». p. 618 (163a); id. Syn.
p. 280(1830); Viffor; Zool. Btrckey't Tov. p. 30 (ISiifl); IfOrh.
m La Sagrt/t Htit. Nat. Cuba, Oit. p, 288 (1840) ; Ktys. ^ Bin*.
HWWA. £i«-, p. Uxriv (1840); Aud. B. vim. vi. p, 27!, pi, 391
(ltt43);(?ira«d,B.Zoiifr/«/. p.312(]844|; DeKay,N. Y.Zoid.W.
p. .138 (1844) ; Degl. Om. Ear. ii. p. 440 (1849) i WM, J./. 0.
It4fie, p. 170, pi. 2. ff. 1, 2; Srkby. Miu. P.-B., Anaeres, p. 71
(196(1); fJw*. Thr4. Om. L p. 362 (1872).
.\ix ipoiiKa, Bow, /<M. 1828, p, 839. □. 8 ; Bp. Comp. Litf, p. 67.
n. 31*) (1^38) i O. R. Or. lid B. Brit. Mu*. iii. p. 133 (1844) ;
id. &»>.£. iii. p. 614, D. 1 (tA45); Goue. B. Jam. v. 408(1647);
BMk, Cat. B. Mum. A. S. B. p. 30fl, n. 1783 (1&49); WoodA.
t»sr. Rip. p. 102 (1853); Licit. Nomfncl. Av. p. 102 (1854);
Jlp. Oimpt. Bfnd. xl. p. OtU (18641, xliii. p. 6«), n. 121 (IBfiC) ;
L. Brfhm, Kawaanuia, \».Vi, p. 208 ; Vol-, j- Gundl. J.f. O. 1857,
p. 220(Cub»); Keah. P. n. R. Rtp.Mvp.Vmmh-); Biiird, B. N.
Mw. n. 786 (18.-j81 1 id. Vat. N. Am. B. n. 587 (1850) ; A. Ai-irf.
/fti'ir, 1850. p. lOtii Srlat. P. 7.. 8. 1859, p. 20ft (iDCubation);
Umiav. J. t. O. 18,50, p. 372 (Zool. Oart.) ; ffwrai. P. R. R.
Ktp. X uU 6, p, (« (1850); Coop. * Suckl. A'. //. »'<uA. J'urr.
p. 250 (1800); GundL J.f. O. 1801, p. ;U4 : Albr. J.f. O. 1862,
p. i07 (Jftniaira) ; Hayd. Rrp. 180^, p. 176 ; I>/-r. Pr. Em. Itut.
lii. p. 163 (1862) i Ulakiil. Ibu, 1863, p. 147 ; G. R. Gr. tW. £r.
B. p. 106 (1863) ; March, Pr. Ac. Pkilad. 1864, p. 71 (Junaici) ;
<imdl. Btpirt. Fu.-Kat. i. p. 389 (1866); J)re«i. Ibit, 1866,
p. 43 (Texas) ; Brovm, Ibu, 1868, p. 428 ; Homry. J. f. O. 1868,
p. 350; Coiie», Pr. Em. Itut. iii. p. 299 (1868) ; Eyt. Syn. Anot.
p. 72 (1868) ; St^at. P. Z. S. \&Si, p. 629 (breeding) ; Draehenf.
J.J. 0. 1870, p. 160; G.Ji. Gr. Hmd-tut, iii. p. 80, n. 106:i6
(1871); Vouet, Kfu, p. 288 (1872); Selat * Hah: Norn. Av.
Atofrop. p. 180(18/3); Onw*, CAcdb-M n. 49B (1873) ; id. Bird*
N.- We»t, p. 571 (1874) ; Imcr. Man. Bo*t. Soc. N. H. ij. p. 315
(Mexico) {\874); (?ii»*V./. 0.1876, p. 381(Cubft); Schal.J./.O.
1876, p. 11 (Brandenburg); Stlal. ^ Salv. P. '/.. S. 1876, p. 397;
Scimidt, P. X. S. 1880, p. 318; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 613;
A. 8f E. Sort. Handb.Jam. p. 113 (1881); Ridgv. Horn. Jf.Am.
i(. n. 613 (1881); &fc. Cat. B. Strtckl. Oitf. p.632 (1882); Qmet,
theck'tiit, 2nd ed. p. 114, n. 719 (1882); TwAiHri en Sckmidh.
MT.ora. Vrr. B'^tn, 1884, p. 30 (Styrin); Cmut, Sty N. Am. B.
2nd ed. p. 608, n. 719 (1884) ; B., B., ^ li. Water-Birdi ff. Amer.
ii. p. 11, tig. p. 10 (188i)i Con/, Lid Birdi W. I. p. 31 (1885);
Sehrl. J.f. 0. 1885, p. 147 (UlinoiB); A. 0. U. Chrck-iix If.
Am. B. p. 118, n. 114 (1886) ; Bidffio. Man. N. Am. B. p. 09
(1887); Cory, Auk, 1888, p. 66; Tritlr. Ott CoU. B. p. 60
(1889); Evani, Ibit, 1891, p. 73; HarteH, Kat. VogtUamml.
p. 229 (1891) ; Sharpe, Cat. OtUol. Specim. CiJl. Surg. iii. p. 304
(1801) ; HaUh, B. ofMinne». p. 51 (1803) ; Cory, B. Weri Ind.
p. 86 (1892).
DendronesM Hpnnsa, Stc. ^ Bieh. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 446 (1831);
rarrdt, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 10 (moult) ; Sir. Clan. B. ii. p. 366
(1837) ; &y$. ^ Blot. WirbtUh. Eur. p. 326 (1840) ; HaHl.
Syit. Verz.Gr». Mu».D.U%{\BU); Bcknb. Syn. AB.,^a.tMonm,
t. 96. ff. 190-198 (1846); Dtimu, P. '£. S. 1847, p. 40; GuUiv.
P. Z. S. 1876, p. 488.
]^nipron(«iH sponSB, Wayl. Ui», 1832, p, 2^1? ; Suridn: Meth. nat.
U. .ST. 73
A'Mt mail. Hcid (lurk gloHsy gri^cn, checks [iiir|ili.- ; lung
prndeot oecipitul crest glossy green, purple behind, and bounded
above aud below by two wbite liues, the upper one starting from
the forehead and passiug over the 630, the lower one starting
behind the eye ; a broad velvety blaek paWh oa the upper part
of thu siden of the neck ; chiD, throat, and ujtper fore neck white.
Bonding ott' a branch between the cheeks aud the black velvety
]jHtch, and another below this on the sidea of the neck ; hind neck
and mantle dark brooiie-grcen ; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
dark bronzy green ; scapulars dark velvety green, the inner oneB more
)(rcen on the inner web ; lower fore nock and breast glnsar eheatnut,
with triangular white sputa at the tips of the feathers of the breast :
on the sides of tho breast a while band, edged below with a liruador
black una ; lower breast and abdomen while ; aides and Hunks pale
brown, vermieulated with Hack, the longer feathers beautifully
marked at the tips with black and silky-white bands ; lower flanks
glossy chestnut; nnder tail-coverts brown; lesaer wing-coverts
brou lie- green, tho middle and greater ones silky blue, edged with
velvety black ; primaries silky groy on tho outer web, glossy bluish-
green at the tip; secondaries glossy bluish-green, with a wbite
band at the lip; inner secondaries or tertials very broad velvety
bluiah-bluck, but the one next to the secondaries glossed with
coppery rod on the outer web ; axillaries and under wing-coverts
white, spotted with blackisli, the greater ones more grey ; tail above
dark velvety green, helow dusky ; " a InngitudimJ space on tho
culmen, and tip of the bill with the nail, black ; an oblong space of
milk-wbite from nostrils to the nail ; a border of gamboge-yollow
following the basal outline of the bill; rest of the bill dark purplish
red, deopoDing into scarlet just behind the nostrils ; iris bright
orange-red ; eyelids deep vermilion ; legs and feet dull chrome-
yellow, the webs and joints dusky "{Jfirfou'a.i/). Total length about
19 inches, wing 9-9-50, tul 5, oolmen 1-40', tarsus 1-4(J.
lah. Head and neck grey, glossed with green on the upper
part of the head and crest ; a space surrounding the eyes, chin aud
throat white ; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bronze-grey ;
scapulars and tertials also bronze-grey, but gloaaed with purple ;
brt-asl, sides, and flanks brown-grey, with whitish tpois along tlie
ilc of tho feathers, broader on ^e aides and HankK ; wings a^ in
mole, but the inner grentor wing-coverts glossod with copperj'
; tail above greyish bron/.y green, below duskv : lower lirciwt.
>men, aud un(iBr tail-coverls whit«, the liHi ■ 1. ■■■■n. 1 n iih
hrown-groy : "bill dark plurol>eous, the miil > .•-•<'•!
n the culmen black : eyelids chromp-yeIh»v , j^
and feet yellowish brown " (Ridt/'t-mn ''.'■••■
inches, wing 8-50, tail 4-5, ruimen 1
Young ill douit, " Alwvo deep li 1 :
on the piJGum and toil : a ilin^
border of tho arm-wing, and ai
Fide of the rump; lores, saIlercili■]r^
North America.
t« the occiput, vith lateral aii<l uuder parte of the hsad, generally
bright Bulphurj' buff, crossed by a vide stripe of blackish brona
extending from the occiput forward to the eye ; remiiining lower
parts dinf;y whit«, the sides brownish, this crossed on the flanks by
an indistinct whitish bar" {Hidffway).
Hah. Nearctio r^on from the 50th pnrallel to the Gulf of Uexico;
resident in Cuba (Gundla^) ; accidental in Jamaica and Bermudas.
h. Foil. sk.
c, d, e. tS ad.
et juT, sk.
/ (J ad. sk.
ff. (J ad. sk.
A. tS ad. sk.
i. Pull. sk.
k. cTjuv.sk.
/. d ad. sk.
m. (f juv. sk.
n. S ad. sk.
0. d ad. sk.
p. (J ad. at
J. (J jUT. sk.
Fraser B. (Itr. I^aS).
AahUnd, Oregon, Feb.
iia,a FraociKO, California.
Moody Co., Dakota, May (F. T.
Jencki).
Fore DuSerin, June.
Baffle Lake, New Brunswick,
May (H. E. DreMtr).
Lyon's Falls, New York, Aug.
(A.J. Dayan).
New Haven, Connecticut, Uct.
(A. J. J).).
Eliiabeth, New Jersey, April
(Merriam'}.
Princeton, lUinoie, Oct.
E. Doubleday, Esq.
Gould'Coll.
J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.].
LordOdoKusselirP.].
Salviu-Oodman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
SalTin-Godman Coll.
N. America Boundary
Comm. fP.].
Salvin^odman Coll.
Salvin-Qodman Coll.
SalTin-Godnuui Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Faimn Jnp,, Aeri.'a. 137(11*50): .VcWto. Ma-. P-Zf., Anserea.p. 70
(I«tWj; David, N. Arch. Mut.. Bttll. di. ('a(. n.4fi2(l»ri); fl«*.
71tf<. On. i. p. 35^> (187^) ; Sen&h. B. Japan. Emp. p. 246 (1^90).
Swfsllo de U Cbine, DAubaU. PI. KhI. 80r>, 806 (d 2) ; Bwp
ffi«(. .V«f, Oil, ii. p. 270, pi, 19 (1783).
Ctiiiiese Duck, LUk. ^p,. iii. 2, p. 548, n. 86 (178.')}.
Aix •nlericulata, BoU, Itii, IHiSS, p. 390, o. 1 ; Stnekt. P. Z. S.
1842. p. ltf«: a. a. Gr. Liel B. Brit. Mm. iii. p. 133 (1844);
«tO«.. B. iii. p. «14. n. 2(1S46): GouJd, B. i/ Aiia, \ii. pi. m
(pt. iv., lSr,'i)i Lirht. Sommcl. Av. p. 102 (1854); Bp. Compl.
And. iliii. p. 4oO, a. 122 (ISSfl); .S<Jfl^ P. Z. S. im\ p, 200
(iocnbatioii) : Honu-v. J.f. O. I8jil), p. 372 (Zool. Oart.) ; Swink.
P. Z. S. 180!. p. 324 (CentMl Chnw); id. IhU. I8IJ0. p. 295
(FonnoBa!); iVw». Coy. n, IIW (I8tlT) ; WhiUfy, Ibli. 1807.
p. 207 (ilslioiUdi) ; £yl. Si,n. Anal, p. 71 (ISOtt) ; &-/at. P. Z. X.
IWW. p. 620 (bjwdingl ; (/. R. (It. Hmtd-M, iii. p, 80. ii. 10027
(ICTl): Svmh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 418; I'rk. IbU, 1873, p. 123;
Garr. P. Z. S. \%1A, v. 467 (cBrotidB), p. ffiW (rauacW) ; Sainh.
lhi», 1875, pp. 137. 457 (llakodadi) ; Ityb. It Tarx. J. f. O. 187^
5, 266 (llwuri) ; Tats. J. f. 0. 1876, p. 203; irf. Bull Soe. Zwti.
V. ii. n. 45 (1877); Daeid ^ Owl. OU. rfttn/-. p. Wl (1877) ;
Btak. i Prytr, IhU. 1878, p, 213 (Jup^n); SW«(. P. Z. S. I8»0,
p-.-ilS: h«iaH,J.f. 0. IMSI.p. 03, 1882, p. 340; Blali. Sf Pi-yer,
TV, A», Sor. Japan, \. p. 07 (1882) ; Jmv, Pr. U. S. Xal. Mw.
\i. p. 318 (18831; B.. B., * B. Wabr-hird* A". Am. ii p. ft
(oot«) (1884) : BidpB. Man. N. Am. B. p. 90 (1887) ; Gigl ^
Saleod, P. Z. S. 1887. p, 591 (Olgft Bav) : Salmd. (^ Gigl. M^.
A. Ae. Sc. Tor. (2) xxxix. pp. 118, l31 (1886) ; Tacz. P. Z S.
188P, p. 460 (CoreaJ : Dorriet, J.f. O. 1886, p. 02 (B. Siberia) ;
Trutr. Cat. CoU. B. p. fiO (1889); Eean», lbi», 1891, p. 73;
Sfyan, IW«. 1891,pp. 328, 490; Hartal. Kat. yofftiiamml.ip.229
0891): Skarvf, Cat. OiUol. Spedm. CoU. Surg. iii. p. 304 (1801) ;
J)» La Toiioht. Iln», 1802, p. 492 (China).
Coataoncsm galmcisiM^ Eaup, Itii, 1820 (/d« Qould, B. of Ana,
vu. test of pi. 60).
Umpionesu galericuUta. Waffl. UU, 1832, p. 282; Smd. Mtlh.
nil. Ap. dup. Tml. p. 146 (1872).
Deiidn)ne«sa gateric^nta, Sw. Anim. in Meniiff. p. 233 (1837); id.
Clou. B. ii. p. 3as (1837): Uartl. Sp>t. fert. Gel. .Vui. p. 118
(1844) ; JfcAnA. Sjpi. Av., NaUtorw, t. 95. ff. 194-195 (1845).
Ai« g«lericuUt«, Eyl. Man. Anal. p. 110 (1838).
Ame uitori, Temm. [M I'i.fiU G. B. Gr. Lttt B. Brit. Mua. iii.
p, I3il (in oyn. A. galerlculatre }.
Ana* (Aix) pnlericulBta, Sckrenck, JUff. Amur-L<md, p. 460 {1600) ;
Badde. Brit. »■ S.O. S,&!r. ii. p. 302 (1863).
Mx tpdcriculata, Seht. Litt rert. An. 8tli ed. p. 438 (1880),
HifhruU.
AJitt maU. FoTeLcad jcloiey green, changing into purple on the
croirn; Iod^ oocipital crest coppery red. changing irto dark purple
and iirecii below ; niilrs of ihe head anteriorly bufi, changing into
while round the even, from whtrc the white extends on the eidcs of
the head and of the crest ; lower part of the crest dark metallic
green ; chin and throat cinnamon ; sides of the neck with Ion);
pointed feathers, of a chestnut colour, striped with whitish along
the middle ; back, rump, upper taU'COverta, and lesser wing-coverts
hoarj' brown with a dull bronzy gloss ; lower neck iu front and on
the sides gloesy chestnut, bounded on the sides with five oreeceutic
bands, throe bkck snd two white; sides, breast, abdomen, and under
tail-coverts white ; sides and flankfl pale brown, vermioulated with
black, the longer feathers with white and black crescentic bands
at the tip ; lover flanks tinged with glossy chestnot ; scapulars
hroniy greyish green, glossed with blue, the outer ones white,
hroadly edged with velvety black on the outer weh ; primaries grey
on the outer web, tipped with green on the inner weh ; secondaries
glossy hlubh green, tipped with a white band ; inner tertial with
the shaft much bent downward, giving to the outer web a falcate
form, the inner web eiceaaivcly widened into a very broad chest--
nut fan, edged on the upper part with whitish and on the lower
with velvety steel-black, the outer web of the same feather
velvety steel-hlack ; under wing-coverts brown-grey ; tail brown
olive-grey: "iris dark brown, with a yellowish- white outer ring:
bill reddish hrown, with the nail bluish flesh-colour; tarsus aud
toes reddbh yellow ; membranes blackish " {Srhrentk). Total length
■bout IT inches, wing 94, tail 4-5, culmen 1-25, tarsus I*35.
Female. Head, neck, and crest grey ; a band at the base of the
Irill, round the eyes, a bond starting Srom the eyes towards the
nape, chin, throat, lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts
white ; lower fore neck, breast, sides, and flanks brownish grey,
each feather with a whitish oblong spot near the tip ; upper partn
and upper wiug-covfrts brown olivc-fsrcy; primaries brown, with
the edge of the outer web grey ; secondaries bi-own-olive, with a
13. CEBEOFSIB.
71
M. $ Id. Sk.
Hakndndi, Japan, Sept. (Bl^
uton).
Yokohama, Japan (ff. Prytr).
Seebahm Colt.
sk.
q. 5»d..k.
Seebolim Coll.
KamozB- Village, Tsu-ahima,
Seebohm Coll.
April (P. A. HoUi).
r. 6 Kd. Bk.
Nil VillaiK, Tsu-Ahitna, Oct.
(P. A. Haiti).
Soebohm Coll.
f-f. Pull. St.
K. Pull. »k.
H. J. Elwes, Esq! [P.
•T. Pull. 8k.
Oould Coll.
y. Skeleton.
Subfamily IV. CEREOPSIN^.
VA. CEKEOPSIS.
CsTPopsis, Lath. Iitd. Om. Suppl. p. Uvii (1801). . C.n.
Range. Confined to S.E. Australia and Tasmania.
1. Cereopais noTS hollaodis.
Cygne cendrt. LabUIard. Voy. Jlrek. La Pir. i. p. 130, pi. 9 (1801).
New Holland Cereopsis, Lath. Oen. S^. Suppl. ii. p. 32.", pi. l.**
(1801).
Cereopsis nov» holUodite, Lath, Ind. Om. St^ml. p. Ixvii (1801) ;
/%.?«>*. p. 2f)3(1811); Fifill. Ana/y»e,f. 00, gt-n. 2U (IBIO) ;
Temm. Man. dOnt. 2nd ed. Analyte, p. cvii (1820) ; id. PL CW.
206 (livr, 85, 1823) ; SCeph. Gm. Zooi. lii. 3, p. 67 (1824) ; Boie,
Im, 1820, p. 081 i Ran:. El. Zool. ix. p. 292 (1826) ; Lett. Man.
iTOm. ii. p. 412 (1828) ; id. Tr. aOm. p. 627 (18.tl>; YarrfU,
P. ■£. S. I8a0, pp. 26, 26 (anaUiniy) ; i(*nne«, P. Z. S. 1830,
pp. S6. 27 ; id. Gard. and Menag. Z/mI. Sac., Birdt, pp. 315-
324 (1831); Bep. Couneil Z. S. 1831, p. 14, 18.32, p. 13; Lett.
Cooipl. de Bujf., Oit. ii. p. 523 (1837) ; id. op. cit. 2itA ed.
p. 716 (1838) ; Eut. Mon. Anat. p. 80 (1838) ; Temm. PI. Col. i.
TaW. Mm. p. 100 (1838): Jard. 4- Selbu, lU. 0,-n. (a. ter.) pi. S3
(1839) ; Rapp. Mm. Smc/Unb. iii. p. 11 (1830) ; G. R. Or. Litt
Gen. B.-p. 73(1840); id. Litt B. Brit. Miu. iii. p. 126 (1844);
id. Om. B. iii. p. f06 (18J4); Hartl. Syit. fVra. Oi'. M<u.
p. 117 (1844) ; RchA. S^. An., Natatores, t. 1)6. ff. 940-tMl
(1S46); Gould, B. Auttr. vii. pi. 1 (pt. Mviii., 1847)! Bcknh.
Av. Sk/tt. yat. p.ix, tab.!. (1863); td. J./. O. IBf"
Licht. Nomencl. Ar. u. 101 (18-54) ; Bp. Gimpl. Rend, xi
n. 36 (1866); Crltp. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 215; SclaL P. i
p. 206 (incubnlioii): Schltg. Dierent. u. """" ''*"" "'
Oould, HohA- B. Autlr. li.p. 3S0(]Sf
Anseres, p. 115 (1866); Ei,t. SMpL
(18flB); id. Syii. Aimt. p. 15 fISffljj
p. 280; Sdat. t. c. p. ^0 (breodinir) | f
G. R. Or. Hand-lia, iii. p. 74, -
/./. 0. 1871, p. 255 (e«); (iith^
8»)td.Metk.tui.A<.:-"- ■"
1873, p. 769 ; GiiIUd. P. Z. S. ISTH, p. 4S8 ; Garrod, P. Z S.
1876, p. 197 (Uclirvmal region); Itanu. Pr. Linn. Soc. K.S. It'.
i. p. 194 (187B), ii-p. aOO, n. 647 (1878); Oudow,J.f. O. 1877,
p. 389 (iatostin.) ; Diggt. B. Auttr.n.^\. 108 (1877?); Schmidt,
P. Z. S. 1880, p. 317 ; Selat. t. c. pp. 497, 535 ; Bchnw. I'dg.
Zool. Gdrt. p. 08 (1882); Sclat. Litl Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 417
( 1883) ; Helm, J. /. O. 1884, p. 334 (muscles) ; Legge, Pr. Rog.
Soc. Tasm. 1886, p. 244 (1887); Hanu. Tab. List, p. 22, n. 6-58
(1888); Eiiani, UU, 1891, p. Tl (iacubHiion) ; SAarpe, Cat.
Otteol. Spedm. CoU. Surg. iii. p. 291 (1891) ; Marltrt, Kat. r<jgel-
mmml. p, 226 (1891); Forbei, Tr. N. Zeal. Intl. xxi». p. 185
(1892).
Cereopsis dnereus, Vieill. N. J), v. p. 516 (1810) ; id. Gal. de» Ois.
\\. p. 211, pi. 284 (1825); Cuo. Jt^. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 609
(1829).
Anser grieeus, rieill. N. D. xxiii. p. 336 (1818) ; id. Ene. Mtth. i.
p. 351, pi. 236. f. 1 (1823) ; Bennett, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 27.
Anas temo lueuwin, Siphe, MS., D'Bntrcfa»t.Xarrat.,/kle Oennetl,
P. Z. S. 1830, p. 26.
C«reopsis cinerea, Brandt, Descr. tt Ic. An. Rose. Nor., A cee, fwc. i,
p. 6 (1836).
Cereopaifl nmtnilis, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 219, f. 32(1837); id.
Clou. B. ii. p. 306 (1837).
Adult. Crown of the head whitish, the remaicdcr of the plumage
brownish grey; some of the wing-cOTerta and Bcapularg with a
spot of brownish black near the tip; the feathers of the back
margined with pale brownish grey ; the apical half of the primaries,
the tips of the secondaries, the tail, and the under tail-coverts
blackish brown : " bill black, cere lemon-yellow ; irides vermilion ;
eyelash dark brown ; legs reddish orange ; toes, webs, claws, and a
streak up the front of the legs black" (Oould). Total lengtJi
34 inches, wing 20, tail 8, bill 2, tarsus 3-6.
FemaU. Ijke the male.
Ajvsranrjt. 81
Apparently allied to Cereoptit novce hoUandim is the extinct
Cnemiornii ealdtrans, known only from its bones, which are found
together with remains of Dinomithidce.
CNEMI0RNI8. ^
Type.
Cnemiornia, Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. v. p. 396 (1865). . . C. calcitrans.
1. CnemionuB calcitrans.
Cnemiomis calcitrans, Otren, Trans. Zool. Soc. ▼. pp. 396-402,
pis. Ixiii.-lxvii. (1805) ; Hector^ Trans. N. Zeal, Ink. vi. pp. 26-
o4, pis. x.-xiv.a (1874) ; Owen,Trans. Zool. Soc, ix. pp. 25S-272,
pk. xxxv.-xxxix. (1876) ; id. Extinct B. of New Zeal, pis. ci.-civ.
(1879) ; Lydekker, Cat, Foss. B. p. 99 (1891).
^ Sknll short and massive, with beak rounded and stout. Carina
of Mternnm aborted. Limb-bones short and very stout, the ulna
being shorter than the humerus and having very prominent tubercles
for the secondaries ; cnemial crest of tibia greatly developed. No
foramen between third and fourth trochlese of tarso-metatarsus.
Spines of dorsal vertebrae tall. Very considerably larger than the
existing Cereojms novcB hoUandioi^ with the limbs relatively much
stouter and shorter." {Lydelcker,)
Hah, New Zealand.
a. Skeleton (in- Earns Clough Cave, Otago. Capt. Fraser [P.].
complete).
b. Several bones. Oamaru. Dr. H. 0. Forbei [E.]
Subfamily V. ANSERIN.E.
Key to the Genera,
«. Serrations on cutting-edge of upper mandible
visible from outside for greater portion of
the tnmium ; the latter £cidedly sinuated
or concave.
a'. Bill very stout, ita depth through base
equal to much more than half the length
of the culmen ; colour of adults white or
bluish, with primaries blackish 14. Chbn, p. 82.
b'. Bill weaker and more depressed, its depth
through base less than naif the length of
the culmen ; colour of the adult never
entirely white.
a". Bill not longer than the head 15. Ansbr, p. 88.
b". Bill longer than the head and flattened
towards the tip 16. Ctgnopsis, p. 107.
b. Serrations on edge of upper mandible visible
only near angle of mouth ; the tomium
very slightly or not at all sinuated 17. Phtlactb, p. 109.
e. Serrations of upper mandiUe not visible from
outside; the tomium almost straight ; bill
moderate, but strong.
d. Webs of the feet not deeply excised 18. Bkar^ ^
d. Weba of the feet deeply exdaed 19. Nmoos
TOL. XXTIl.
Chen, Bote, hit, 18-2-J, p. 563 C. hypetboMi
Chionocheo, Bchnb. Av. S^it. Nat. p. ix (1802) C. hjrperborei
Exauthemops, Effiot, B. A. Am. ii. pi. xlir. (pt. ix.,
1868) C. roafli.
Range. Arctic lUgioDB of Korthem Hemisphere.
Ke\/ to the Sptcia.
a. Bill veiy rubiiet. the cammiasuie TCidelj
gajoog' and cr.clnBJng a broad blockijih
(pace, extending from the comer of the
mouth Dearly to the tip of the bill ;
featberinf^ at tie be?e of the upper man-
dible, aluD^ eni.'h side, having a verf
convex outline; culnien r96 mchea, or
more [Chen).
a'. Plumage chiefly gtcjisb brown ; tbe
rump (uBuallj,) and wing-coverta bluish
grey caiiileteent, p. 83.
6'. Flunisjre of adult entirely -white, except
primaries and their coverts, nhicb are
grey ; voung greyish white, the upper
parts tipped with dusky greyish.
«". Lengtn abiiut 23-^8 inched, wing
14'50-50, culmen l'95-2-30, tarsus
3eO-360 kt/perborm; p. U.
y. Length about 30-S8inches, wing ir'35-
17-60, cuInien 2-65-2-rO, tarsus 815-
8-60 nieaUt, p. 86.
b. Biltcomparatively weak I thecommisaurenot
gaping and Dot enclosing a distinct blackish
14. CHEST. 83
(1863) ; Schleg, Mus. P.-B., Anseres, p. 108 (1806) ; Bryant, Pr.
Boat Soc, N. H. xi. p. 70 (Inagua) (1866) ; Lawr, Ann, Lye,
N, F. viii. p. i>95 (1866); C<me8, Key, p. 282 (1872); id. Check-
list, n. 479 (1873) ; Mat, 8f Salv, N<ymencL Av, Neotrop, p. 128,
n. 2 (1883) ; JRidgw, Ann, Lye. N, V. x. p. 388 (Illinois) (1874) ;
Couesy B. N.'West, p. 553 (1874); Nelson, Nutt Om. Club,
1876, p. 137 ; Sclat, ^ Salv, P. Z, S, 1876, p. 361 ; Sclat.
P. Z. S, 1880, p. 601 ; Salv, Cat, B. Strickl. CoU, p. 259, n. 2672
(1882).
Anser hyperboreu8, juv., WUs. Am, Om. viii. p. 89, pi. 469. f. 5
(1814) ; Steph. Gtm, Zool. xii. 2, p. 33 (1824) ; Less. Tr. (TOm.
p. 628 (part.) (1831) ; G. It. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 607, n. 7 (part.)
(1844) ; Bjchnh. Syti. Ar., Natatores, t. 97. f. 226 (media) (1846) ;
Baird, B. N. Am. p. 760 (part.) (18^>8) ; Eyt. St/n. Anat. p. 40
(part.) (1869) ; Gieb. Thes. Om. i. p. 371 (part.) (1872).
Anas hvperborea, part., Temm. Man. d^Om. p. 526 (1816) ; id. op.
cit. 2nd ed. ii. p. 816 (part.) (1820).
Anser hyperboreas, part., JEyt. M(m. Anai.^. 92 (1838).
Chen hyperborea, part., G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 129,
specim. b (1844) ; Bp. Cmipt. Bend, xliii. p. 648, n. 10 (1856).
Chen cflerulescenp, Gimdl. Repert. Fis.-Nat. i.p. 387 (W^) ; Elliot,
B. N. Am. pi. 43 (1869) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 76, n. 10671
(1871) ; Gundl. J. f. O. 1871, pp. 292, 294, 1875, p. 374 (Cuba) ;
Ridyic. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. iii. p. 202 (1880) ; id. Norn. N. Am.
B. n. 590 (1881) ; Coues, CheckMst, 2nd rd. p. Ill, n. 694 (1882) ;
B., B., Sr R. WaUr-B. N. Am. i. p. 436 (1884) ; Ridgw. Auk, i.
p. 240 (1884); Coues, Key N. Am. B. p. 685 (1884); Sclat.
P. Z. S. 1884, p. 476 (Zool. Gard., Alaska) ; Nehrl. J.f. O. 1886,
p. 146 (Illinois) ; A. O. U. Code of Nomencl. Sf Check-list N.
Am. B. p. 361 (1886) ; Ridg^c. Man. N. Am. B.^.Uo (1887) ;
A. O. U. Suppl. to Code of Norn. ^ Check-list, p. 18, n. 169
(1889) ; Hartert, Kat. VogeUamml. p. 226, n. 3354 (1891).
Adult. Head and upper half of the neck white, or mostly white ;
lower neck and body greyish brown, the feathers bordered termi-
nally with paler ; these pale edgings, however, nearly obsolete on
the neck, where the tint is darker, inclining to plumbeo as-umber,
which joins irregularly against the white above it ; rump and wings
plain pearl-grey or bluish cinereous (the former sometimes white),
in striking contrast to the deep greyish brown of the scapulars, sides,
&c., that of the rump fading into white on the upper tail-coverts,
and that of the greater coverts edged externally with the same ;
primaries black, fading basally into hoary grey ; secondaries deep
black, narrowly skirted with white ; tail deep cinereous, the feathers
distinctly bordered with white: bill reddish, the commissural
space black ; feet reddish. Total length about 30 inches, wing
15-17, culmen 2- 10-2-30, tarsus 3-3-30.
Toung. Nqitj similar to the adult, but the chin only white, the
colour of the head and neck being uniform plumbeous-umber, or
brownish plumbeous, like the' breast, only darker in shade ; body
more cinereous than in the adult, the pale tips to the nearly trun-
cated contour-feathers being obsolete ; rump, wings, and tail as in
the adult : bill and feet blackish.
Hah. Interior of North America east of the Rocky Mountains,
o2
84 iiriTiDjt.
breeding on the eastern ehoree of Hudson's Bay ; migrating south
in winter, through the Missiseippi Valley to the Gulf Oosst; occa-
sional on Atlantic coast {Ridgway), in Bahama (Bryant), and Cuba
(Oandla^).
a. Ad. St. N. America.
b. Ad. ek. N. America. H. J. Elwee, £m.
[P.].
e. Jnv. St. Repulse Bay, N. Hudson's Dr. Rae [P.].
d. S ad. sk. Corpus Chriati, Texso, Oct. SalTin-Qodmui Coll.
(F. B. Armitrimg).
2. Chen hyperborens.
F Anset grandinis, Schwem-k, An. Sit. p. 213 (Sileua).
t ADser niveuB, Jiriu. Om. ri. p. 288 (1760) (m SeAwtnck).
Anser hyperboreus. Pall. Spie. Zoo!, vi. p. 25 (17U7);ii'. Zoogr.
IUm>-A. ii. p. 227, t. 66 (1811) (pyn. emend.); VieiU. .V. D.
niii. p. 3U8 (part.) (IStS) \ SUph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 33 (part.)
"""" "^m. Diet. Sc. yat. isit. p. 467 (part.) (1825) ; Trmm.
p. 516 (Japan) {1(M0} , K. ^ B. Wirbelli. Eur.
pp. Lcixiii, 223 (part.) 1 1840) ; P Aaitm. Vog. Deuttchl. xi. p 213
(part.), pi. 381 (1842); Schleg. Sen. Crit. p. cis (1844): G. H.
Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 607, d. 7 (part.) (1844) ; P o. rf. jtfuAi, BnVr.
Om. GrieehenL p. 119 (Greece!) (18«) ; JicAnb. Syn. Av.. Nata-
tcres, t. 97. ff. 224-25 (1845); Harll. Wifgrn. AtiA. 1852, i.
p. 122 (1852) ; Wallenqr. A'aumannia, 1857, p. 268 ; P Cab. J./. O.
1867. p. 226 (Cuba) ; Newb. P. S. R. Srp. tI. p. 101 (California) ;
(1867); Jai.'d, £. JV. ^n». p. 7eO(part.)(1858); id. Cat. N.Am.
B. n. 663 (part.) (1869) ; Htfrm. P. X. R. Bep. x. p. 69 (1859) ;
Coop. ^ Suckl. If. H. Wa»h. Terr. p. 240 (1800) ; Bow, Canad.
Naiur. vii. p, IM {Macktii/i" U.) (^m■2^; Ul y»i. HUl. Hf,-. (-2)
ii. p, aiQ (1802); Blakifl. Ihir. 1803, p. 130; !i>riah. P. Z. :
Anu hvperboren, (rm. ti. A', i, 2, p. 601, a. 54 (part?) (.17''8) ;
!■ LaiA. Jnd. On. ii. p. 837, n. U (part.) (J790) ; tWOi. Am. On>.
viii. p. 70, pL t». r.6 (1814); Temm. Man. p. /.25 (1815); Temnt.
.Vn. 2nd M. IJ. p. 810 (1820) ; Bp. Sprfeh. Comp. p. 70, n. 2(3
(IBJB); Rick. Ap,.. Parrv'' "i^l Tay. p.»05.
Ckw hTpwhoTM. //oie, iiw, 1822, p. StW, 18*1, p, 081 ; (?. Jt f.V.
tof &«i. tf. p. 73 (1840) : ftp. Cat. Met. Uet. Eur. p. CO, a. 417
(lM2)j O.n.Qr.LutB. Brit. Miu.\n.v. 12B, Bp«im.a (1814) ;
At. Coa^. Henrf. xKjvii. p. 6iH (CiJifornU) (18.53) i trf. CnW.
JMaltr<,v. 93 (1854) ; i>f. r>>Mi.(. Send, iliii, p. 648, n. 10 Own.)
(leMf; TurHrr. C'mtr. N. H. a/ Aliuka, p. i:»(188fl); Town,.
Pr. tr.S. AV. Miu. X. p. 1»6 (Sei-nuni-nlo Vslley. CBlifornia}
(18871 ; Xeb. N. Jl. Cull, in Alafka, p. 82 (1887) [ f Macfarl. Pr.
U.S. A*. Mtu. liv. p. 42:) (1801) ; Hatch, B. o/ Mutnei. p. 73
,i«oa).
Chen Ijypt-rlioreus Bp. Cimp. lit/, p. 5Ji (1838); Oour, B.Jani.
u. 40n (1847) ; OnniU. J./. 0. 1867, p. 226, 1801. p. 344, lfl02,
11.01; AlbrrcAl. J./. 0. 18fi3, p. 206 (Jwnaiwi) : Blat. List B.
Bw. p. 20 (1862) : Guiidl Itep. Fi:-Nat. i. p. 367 (186ii) ; Drffl.
4- Ofrbr. Orn. Eur. H. p. 4*3 (18«7) : Tacz. J./. O. 1873. p. 108
(R. Siberia) ; Cown, B. A'.- Weiif. p. ^48 (pitrt.) ( 1874) ; P Giu'dL
J./. O. 1874, p. SU (I'ono Uico h : fiandt. J. f. 0. 187fi. p. 371
(Cab«>; tf.J./ 0.1878, pp. 162, 190 (Portii RicoP); B.,B.,^R.
Waltr^B. y. Am. I p. 4^ (pwt.) (1864); SamtJ. Tarrrlfi Br.
B. iT. p. 275 (part) (1884-86) \ Ji^hrl. J. f. 0. 188S. p. 146
(niinois); MaluAit ^ ^m. J.f. 0. 1886, p. 103; St^n. Bull
P.S. Xat. Mum. ». n. 29, p. S17((8*il ; id. Pr. U.S. yat. Mnt. x.
|i.136(KeringI.) (1887); ColUtt, Orn. Jahrh. \. v. 137 (Iforwav)
(1800).
Aiii*er hypfrbi>n-u, part., Evt. Man. Anal. p. 02 (1838).
Chmmtclim hnierboreiis, Seknh. Ao. Syii. Nat. p. ix (IS
Mtth. rnit. Ao. iltup. Tent. ^. 146 (1873).
(,'hiu)alr>pcx hvperhi '■-** *^
>2); Sund.
, r -- - • "'■*'■ iVonwror/. Ao. p. 101 (Meiicol
(18A4|; C. 7.. Biehm.Naunumnia. 1865, n. 207, 1867. p. 367.
AoMr alWuH, Ou>. I'r. Ac. PhUad. I860. p. 41 (W. and N, America) ;
Bp. CoHtpt. Smd. xliii. p. 1024 (1860) ; Ca»». U.S. Erpl. Erped.,
Mamm.1^ Ont. p. 33^ (1868); Butt, Canad. A'atur. (2) ii. p. S86
iMackt^nwf It.) (1802); id. Nat. Bitl. Bub. vH. p. 286 {1802);
Bbilatl. Ibi>. 1863, p. 130 ; Tumb. B. K Pa. 1809. p. 45 ; A. Nrat.
P. X. S. 1871, p. fi8 (em) ; Sawtd. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 6I0(lrvUDd) ;
llartiag. Brit. B. p. 156 (1872) ; Blakitt. ^ Prvfrr, Ihit, 1878,
p. 21.H (Tnkio Bav): Sdat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 501 ; BidffW. Pr.
BivJ.fl'^. '(',kA, 1884. p. 107( = bvp«rbon»uB, /W/.).
Clwn h1Wu«. Eili.'t, .Vne^- Pb/^.'A A', ^m. ii. pL 42 (1807) : O.
R. Gr. llu,id-tft. iii. p. 75, n. 10572 (1871); Dreu. B. Eur. vi.
p. 409. pi. 417. f. 2 (pt. x\x., 18731 ; Roiet. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 03
pi. xKii, (1878); fl. 0. tT. Zwi Br. /f.p. 117 (1883) ; fient. Diet.
<,/ B. p. .'574 (pi, ii.. 18931.
Anivr lijtiArbi)raiu>, var. albalua, Coagi, Ka/ A'. Ant. B. p. 282,
n. 480o (1872) ; id. Chfck-fiAt. n. 480a (1873).
Aiuer hvperborrun A. olbatiu. C-met, B. N.-Weit. p. MS (1874).
Chen hjperboreua albalua, Bidgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mug. 1880, p. 202,
B. SO] <i ; id. A'oifl. A*. Ato. B. a. 591 a (1681) ; Couet, Ckeck-iiMl
ff. Am. S. 2Ttd ed. p. Ill, n. 608 a*?2) ; frf. Kfv A'. Am. B.
lltd vd. p. (18(1 (18841 ; Murd. Ezped. Ui Pvint Barrow, p. 116
(AlaiVai (1886)
Adm hyperboreiu. " PalL," Ridgw. Pr. Biol. Soe. Wash. ii. p. 107
(1884).
Adah. Unifonn pure white, the head often etained with nutj ;
primaries black, becoming grejish basaUf, their covejta and the
alula ash-grey : bill purplish red, the nail whitish, aad the inter-
tomiel space black ; iris dark brown ; eyelids whitish ; feet purple-
or orange-red, the soles dingy yellow. Total length about 23-28
inches, wing 14 5-17, tail 6-30, culmen 1-95-2-3, tarsus 2'8-3-25.
Young. Head, neck, and upper parts pale greyish ; the head
more or less tinged with rusty, this deepest anteriorly ; the feathers
of the upper parts with whitish edges, and (especially wing-coverts
and tertials) striped medially with darker ; rump, upper tail-ooTOrts,
tail, and lower parts plain white : bill blackish ; feet plumbeous ;
irides brown.
Sab. North-eastern Asia and Western North America ; breeding
in Alaska, migrating south in winter to Japan in Asia, and in Ame-
rica to Southern California and the Mississippi Valley ; accidental
in Northern Europe.
«, 6. Ad. et jiiT. Yokofanma, Oct. (H*. Ptyer). Seebofam ColL
sk.
e. Ad. sk. Tokio Bay, Yokohama, Japan, Capt Blakiaten [P.].
d. Ad. ak. W. side Rocky Mts. J. K. Lord, Esq.rP.J.
^. ^2 '^- et Corpus Christi, Texas, Oct., Salviu-Godman Collt
5 juT. sk. Not., Dec. (F. B. Arm^
ttrong).
m. Jnv. ak. Chicajfo, Illinois, Oct. {E. SalTiu-Godmiui Coll.
W. KtUon).
87
»'*«»(. Ohiu Agr. Rep. o. 236 (ISdO); Com. Pr- Ac. Philad.
18C1, p. 72 J Stinh. Ibti, 1861, n. 12 iGreenland) ; Boardm. Pr.
BaU. Sac. ix. p. 130 (Miuae) (1H621 ; fJioa, Canad. A'ataral. (2)
iLp. 151(lSe2); fid. Nid. Hint. Sen. vii. p. 3« {18«2) ; ferr.
iV. £t!. /n«f. iii. p. 159 (Mftine) (1663); BlakiU. IbU. 1863,
p. 139 (Brit. N. Ani.) ; Brer. B. Eur. iv. p. 126, jil. — (1803) ;
AUen,Pr. Ea. in«(.iv. p.87(l8^) : Sehleg. .Uiu. P.-B.. Anserea.
p. 107 (p«rt., Labrador) (lasfl) j AfciZim-. JV. Ji». Intt. v. p. M
(CklMdA, West) 1.1866)1 PC'owm. iW. p. S97 (1^06) ; £<iu>r, ..Jnn.
Iak. y. Y. »iii. p. 295 11867); P Brow». iiw, 1868, p. 426
[VMcouver I.); Eyl. Syn. Anal. p. 40 (1869) ; Gieb. THvi. Orit.
i p. 871 (part.) (1872); Santtd. P. Z- S. 1873, p. 630; Sdat.
P. Z. If. \m, p. 601 (part,) ; Triitr. Cat. OaU. B. p. 51 (Hudaon
BajHISSlH; Sie6k. B.Jap. Ev%p.p.riS(mn.)[U9t); ? .Vat^arl.
Pr. UJi. Xal. Miu.xiv.ji. ASS limi).
? Tadonii nivM, )iart., BreAm, I»U, 1830, p. tlW ; id. Handb. Viig.
DkuIk-U. o. 8C4 (put.) (Ii^*ll).
Auger hvpirWeu, parL, Ei/t. Mim. Anaf. p. 01 (IHSS).
Chen bj-perborous, G. R. Gr. Hand-liU. iii. p. 7o. n. 10570 (mcI.
•vn.) (^1871); C<mfi.B. .V.-(r«i,p. 549 (pwl.) (IS74) ; B.,B.,^
R. H'atfT-B. N. Am. i. p. 439 (pitrl.) (|M84ii Smt. Diet, of B.
p. 374 (pt. ii., 1893).
Chtn byperboreUB nirdis, Ridgic. Pr. Biol. Soc. (ToiA. li, p. 107
(I8&i): B.,B..JtR. IVater-B. A. Am.]i.^.440 (lS8i) : A.O.U.
Code of Xomenel. ^ C/uck-ikl, f. 123, n. 169o{1886); ? Mae/arl.
Pr. U.S. Xal. Mui. xW. p, 4i3 (1801) ; HarUrt, Kat. VogettamnU.
p. 236, D. 335.^ (1891).
Atuer bjrperhonus nivnlis, Seebk. Hitl. Br. B. iii. p. 400 (188.5).
Chen bvporborwi nivalis, Bakie. Man. .V. Am. b. p. 115 (1887) ;
HatA, B. o/Minnti. p. 75 (1892),
Similar to C. hijiierhorrtu. but larger. Total lenglli about 30-38
inchM, wing 17'S5-17'50, tail 650. culmeii 2-55-2-70. taraua 315-
3oO,
Ur. Bidgway gives as a distinctive cbaract«r for this speti>» tlie
DBlmea 2'S3-2-70 ugainat l'95-2'30 for C. hyperboreut ; the foui'
ap«cdiiieD8 mentioned below bave the culmen 2'30 inches long, bo
that they would come nnder 0. ki/perhoreiis, but as they have the
bill decidedly larger than anj-of the birds mctitioaed in the previona
liat, which certainly belong to C. hi/perhorruA, and as at least the first
two, trom the Arctic Overland Exptditinn and llepulae Bay, from
th*ir locality ought to belong to C. nivalU, I have kept all the four
under this species. Bat I must confess that it appears to me that
Uie distinction of an Eastern form from a VTestcru one is not yet
Mtubetorily established.
Hah. Eastern North America; breeding-ground unknown, but
psobably arctic regions east of Alackeozie River ; United States
(Mtiaiaaippi Valley to Atlantic coast) only during migrations and iii
winter.
«. Ail.iL Arctir Land Exp.
h. Ad. rt. RrpuUci JtsT, N. Hudan
t. Ad.ak. Vancouver Is.
d. Ad.«k. St. Juan de Fues, Vanci
Bay.
Capt. Itack [P.].
Dr. ilae [P.j.
Salrin-Q adman CoU,
4. Chen Toui.
UOToed Wawey of Utunte, Juurn. io the Sorth Ocean, p. -142
(1796).
Ansar roasi, Baird, MS. ; Com. iV. ,4r. PAtfad. 1801, p. 73; Rov,
Canad. Nat. rii. p. 151 {186i) ; id. Nat. Bid. lite. (-1) ii. p. 266
(Mackeoaie Rirer) (1862); BMeitt. Ibi$, 1863, p. I3U; Schttg.
Mia. P.-S., AnsereB, p. 108 (1806) ; Eyt. Syn. Aaat. p. 40 (18(19) ;
Gieb. Thtt. Om. i, p. 373 (18721; Cokm, Jfey, 1872, p. 2Ba; <"rf.
CA«cA-^(,n.481 (1873); uf. B.A^.-»'M(,n. 553(1874); -4 W™,fiKtf.
Nutt. Om. Club. i. p. 52 (1878) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 601.
Exanthemops rossii, Miot, lU. Am. B. i». pi. 44 (1869) ; G. JR. Gr.
Hmid-li»l,m. p. 76, a. 10573 (1871); Heinf ^ RchnK.Kem. Mur.
Jfein. Om. p, 341 (1890).
, J^lVyu^ Pr. U.S. Nat. Miu. 1880, p. 203 ; id. Norn. N.
Key lo X. Am. B. p. 686, n. 697 (1884); A. O. U. Code of
Xomencl. 4- Cheek-liit, p. 126, d. 170 (1886); Hidgic. Mm. N.
Am. B. p. 115 (1887) j Mai^url. Pr. U.S. Nat- Mui. xiv. p. 423
(1891).
Adalt. Colonra ezBCtly us in C. kyperboreus. Entirely snowy
whit«, the jirimariM black, fading into hoary nah basally ; bastard-
wing BDd primarj-coverta hoarj- aah : bill with the basal portion of
upper mandible often wrinkled and warty ; colour of the bill dull
reddiah, the tip white ; feet dull reddish. Total length 20-26 inches,
wing 13-75-15-5U, tail 5, culmea l-50-l'70, tareus i-30-3.
To»ag. 'Wliit«, tinged with greyish, the centree of tho feathers
of the upper parts deeper greyish ; bill and feet dusky.
- HtA. Interior of Arctic America in snmmer, migrating south in
winter to Southern California, and eastward to Uontana.
. Ad. St.
Oalifomia.
Purchased.
15. .SSKB.
*■. Kuinp dart {nvrub brown.
A"*. WhJU^ 111] thi* tbrsheiui mil rune liiii|r
A Uiw Wtwepii tile H_>BS.
ft*. Snuller : total l?n^b kboul 27
inches, culmen \-9 atbtfrons, p. 03.
e*. Uuver: total leagtb ubout 30
incliM, ciilmet) 2'8 gambtli, p. DC
e". White on tbe furehead reaching a
tine bi<tveeti the eves on tbe top uf
th« hvad : lotnl Ictigth about 21
inchiM, culinen 1-27 .... ... frj/lArapim, p. 97.
k Nail of Ihi- bill Jn-hr or bl*;k ; iio dark
browiT bknd well-dt-tiiteil i>Q the hind
!■'. Ad onuige band round the median pnrt
of tbe beak : feet orau^'e.
r". Smaller : culmen 3'0 inchea /ahalit, p. 90.
tt". I.iarsBT : culmen ^-4-S'4 inches .... terriro$tri$, p. 101.
>f. \ pint band round the median part
i-f the beak ; feet pink fleeh-coloui . . liraeiyrMjfarhu, p. 1<
B. Tomia not Terr arched, almost straight ;
indentations of upper mandible scarci^lv
ttpoueMlEuiabria); durkbronm b«nd welf-
delined aloo^ tha bind neck ; head whiUi,
with two black cresueDtic bands on the ■ic-
Hpnland DA)>e iiiJinw, p. 106.
I . Anser feroa.
nrev iaq Ouow.
.\nj»r dome«ticu», BHm. Orn. \'\.p. 262 (1780) (ar Getter).
Anas atuvr (ferae), SHinn. Orn. Bor. p. 13, n. M (1T64).
.\imB awer, Linn. S. Jf. i. p, 107, n. B (a It fl) (17eB) ;(?«.& JV.
i. 3, p. SIO. n. 0 (1788); Lath. ImL Om. ii. p. Ml, d. 26 (1790) ;
B^ SfKrhio Comp. p. 70, a. 216 (1837).
Oct WMtlietana, Oertni, Stor. degli Pre. v. tav. 55» (1776).
Ifm, Buf. nut. Sal. Ois. ix. p. 30, pi. 2 (1783).
Orcy Um-goow, P^n». Arrt. Zool. li. p. 54(J, n. 473(1785); Lath.
^. iii. 2, p. 45(1. n. 21 (I7S5).
Aiuer ferii*, *Anejf Mut. Om.p. 67, n, 214 (178fi).
Anas ansei fenu, BeeJkii. On. Ta»clien6. ii. p. 416, with pi. (1803) ;
Trmm. Man. d'Om. p. 526 (I»16) ; id. op. at. 2nd ed. ii. p. 618
(IffflO); Wemrr, Aliit. PalmipMM, pL 29 (IS—?); Lea. Tr.
JfOm. p. 628(1831).
AufW doereus, JUewr (nef Bonn.), TaxAenb. ii. p. 652 (ISIO);
VitiU. JV. D. xxiii, p. 313 (1818); Jjim. Diet. Se. ifat. ixxv.
p. 458 (1825) ; Jtaux. Orn. IVov. pis. 368. 369 (1826) ; Cuv. Jtiyn.
An. 2Dd ed, i. p. 608 (1820) ; Siin. Orn. Tote. iii. p. 178 (1831) ;
Brthm, Vfig. Detatekl p. 8:16 (18-11); Bp. Come. Lid. p. 36,
D. 39S (Ifi38)f liartl. P. Z. S. Ift39, p, 2 ; ff. ^ B, JT.rWtt.
J5w. pp. Ixxsiii, 224 (1840); Sp. Cat. Mel. Uee- Eur. p. 70,
m. 423 (11^2) ; Ifmm. Veg. DeuUcU. xi. ji. 329, Taf. 286 (1843) ;
SMeg. Set. Crit. p. cii (1844); Behnb. Syn. An., Natatores,
L 108. a: 956-57 (1845) ; Kjarb. Danm. Fugte, p. 367, Taf. 44
(1862) ; &An£. Av. &/it. IVat. p. ii (1862) ; Lietit- Nomenel. Av.
p. 100(1854); n'ailrnffr. A'amnanNtn, 18-SJ, p. 367 (Scandinavia) ;
Sf/yi, S'aumaimia, 1866. p. 202; Sp. Compt. Rend, uliii. p. 648,
a 16 (1856) ; SeAlfg. I'og. Nedrrl. pi. 376 (1861) ; Kordm. J f. O.
1 W4, p. »:» (^i' inlfind ) i SeMeff. Mut. F.-B., Ansereii, p. I W (1800) ;
FriuA, Vdg. Eur. p. 40t!, Taf. 4. ff. 3, 7 (1870) ; Malmgr. J.f. O.
1870, pp. 287, 288 {f^nkndl ; G. R. Or. Hand-liH, iiL p. 74,
n. lOMl (1871)! Oieb. Thes. Om. i. p. 370 (1872) ; Sund. 8ti.
Fogl. pi. 60. f. 2 (1872) 1 id. Meth. not. Av. ditp. Tent. p. 145
(1872); AlU.^ Brawn, Ibit, 1873, p. 70 (Archangel); Fm$A,
Ibis, 1877. p. m (Obdorek) ; Dreu. B. of Eur. vi. p. 356, pi, 41
(pts. 71, 72,1878); FinA, Verk. z.-b. Get. Wien, 1879, p. 268
(W. Silwria) ; Hume 4" Marth. Gavu Birds, iii. pi. 7 (1880) ;
Sciat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 499 ; B. 0. U. Li»t Brit. B. p. 115 (1883) ;
SrM. Li»t Vert. An. 8tli ed. p. 417, n. 947 (1883); GaeOtr,
J.f. O. 1883, p. 81 (Ileliiruland); Sadde, Omit Caucat. p. 44o
(1884): Sound. YarrelCt Br. B. iv. p. 253 (1884-85); Seebh.
Hist. Bril. B. iii. p. 600 (1885) ; Tristr. Cat. CoU. B. p. 291
(1889); Mfver, Abbild. roye/-Sb>/. pl.cxvii (1889) ; SharjM<,Cal.
Oifeol. Spec. Colt. Surg. iii. pp. 291, 29:i (1891) ; Kolamb. Olasnik.
yaravoJ. Dria. vi. p. 1G8 fl^l).
Aneer vulgaria, PaU. Zoogr. Romo-A». n. p. 222 (psrt.) (1811).
F.^n.^ei-madius, '' Temm." Meyer, Tatchenb. Zut. u. Ber. p. S31
(1822).
Anser feruB, Stiyh. Gen. Zool. iii. 2, p. 28, pi. 41 (1824) ; Gouid, B.
Eur. pi. 347 (18.17) ; Ei/t. Man. Anat p. 93 (1&'18) ; G. R. Or.
IM Gen. B. p. 73 (1840) ; id. Lid B. Brit. Mut. iii. p. 128
(1844); id. Oen. B. iii. p. 607, n. 1 (1844) ; Hartl. Sust. Venc.
Get. Mui. p. 117 (1844); Strickl. An«. ^ Mag. N. B. (3) iii.
pp. 122. 124 (1859); G. R. Or. Cat. Bril. B. p. 186(1863);
?Boie,J.f.O. 186.S, p. 61; Sclat. P. Z. S 1869, p. 629; ^jrf.SJm.
Anat. p. 42 (1660) ; Elv>. ^ Suckl. Ibis, 1670, p. 339 (MBcedonk) ;
A. Newt Pr. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 96 ; Gould, B. Great BrU. v.
pi. 1 (pt. iiiv., 1873) ; Rc/mm. Vdg. Zool. Gdrt. p. 67 (1882) ;
Relinw. J. f. 0. 1890, p. 81 Dub. Faun. Vert. Belg., Ois. ii.
p, 393 (1891) ; Peart. ^ Bidw. Ibit, 1894, p. 232 (N. Norw«y).
Adm cinerea, Ranx. El. di Zool. iii. 9, p. 87 (1626).
Anser pnlustria, Firm. Brit. An. p. 126 (lfi:;8).
Anaer iiTlveatri». Brehm (nee Briit.), Iiit. 1830. p. 996 (descr. pulla) ;
15. »ssKa. 91
I white : l)ill piuk fiesli-culuur, wilL the horny
]rowQ ; leg*. U>es, imd membraneB tluU deah-
rolour ; cLiwB black. Total length 32 inchea, wing 17'5, tuil 5'5,
bill 2-fi5, tarsua 2-8.
Femalt. Similar to the male, hot smaller. Total leogth 30 inches,
wing ifl.
Votiay. Darker thftn the adult and with no black spots on the
breaxt and abdomen ; they are easily distinguished by the grey
colour of the shoulders and ninip. and Heiih -colour of the bill and legs.
Ualt. Western Paltearctic region.
n. Ad. ak.
Gr^at Hritaiu.
A. Ad. at.
finat Britain.
Purchased.
f. Ad. «.
Itlaekwsl«r It,, Etaex.
F. Bond, E«. [P.].
Seebohm C<Jl.
y. Kll. sk.
Ttomm, Norway, June.
Bud6, Norway.
SalviQ-Gwiman Coll
, p. 222 (1811)!
A- Skeleton.
I. Skalclon (Douiwlie variety).
i-y. Skulb (l>ome«tie variety).
r, Slrmuni with ibQulder^inlle (Doinesdc variety)
2. Amer rnbrirostru.
.».\ii*er mltrarii, part.. l^U. Zooyr. Rotto-Ai. i
iiroHdt, J./, o. \mi. p. -jm.
AiM« aryUiropua, part,, (i. H. Cir. Luf It. Bril, .tf«». iii. p. 130,
■ppcim. e./ (India I ( 1S14).
Anaer rabrirostris, Uudg: lean. Innt, in Mm. Brit. pi. S79; id.
Oria't Zoot, M<K. p, m. no, 57y (!l<14l : O. Jt. Gr. Cat. Hodgi.
Coli. B. M. p. 144 (IWn); Tar:. Bull Soc. Zaol.Fr.ii. p, 41
(18771.
Anwr ferus, Adamt {»« nuel.), P. X. S. ler.g, p. 189 (Udakh,
bMediug) : tivM. Iliii. \m\. p. »t4, lm2. p :>r>4 ; ■'(/. P. Z. H.
18«a,p. 323, 1870, p. 4^.
Aaaer cinereui, lil^lh {nee Mry*r). Cat. S. Mut. A. S. B. p. 300,
1. 1776 tlndii^) (^ismy; Sehrenck.Vdv. AmurLT..mnl6aO}; kndde.
«eM. Sibir. p. 358 (Monsolia) <18US); G. Jt. Gr. Cat. Uod^t.
CoO. B. .V. and ed. p. "tt, no. 027 (1*83) ; Jeni. B. of Ind. u
p. 778 (16<U) ; Blytk, /W>, \mi. p. 174 j fiy*. * Parrar. /./ O.
Isae, p. ass (Dnuria): &wr(i. Turketl. JevUn. p. 70 (1873);
H%mf, Sir. Feall.. \. p. 258 (Piuijab and «n(lh) (1873) ; id. KtaU
Sf EgsK p tVi (l«7.')l ; /Cu«. Str. F,alh. iv. p. 26 (ie7«) ; SaMy.
aid. p, 1R7 (Tiirkesinn) llS7(t) ; lirru. Ibit, 1876, n. 418 : Damd
Sf OuMt. UU. CAioe, p. 491 (1877) ; Frjeo. in Bowl. Om. Mite. iii.
p. » lMo!i|(oli») (ISTS); Uume, Sir. FtatA. yii. p. 491 (1879),
viiL p. \H. n. SMJ^ (I87S) ; Stime j- Mnr»h. Oamt-Btrdt, Hi.
a. a6{jwr pi. 7) (1880) ; P Zaroudn. Oil. Tran»ea>p. p. 72 (1885) ;
Smrtt. ZnUckr. f/es. Om. 1887, p. 22 ; PUike. Btii. Turkttt. Om.
p. 61. n. 369 (1B8W) ; lltiine. Xttli * Eggs \.Oales' ed.), iii. p. 27»
(l80D)i S^arpt. &r. Fark. Miu.. Arrt, p. I2H (I8»l); Pletke,
Ha. Bid. liil. p. 208, n. IBS (1S92)( OumI. A'oub. AtcA. Mut.
(4) ri. ^96{18W).
Anarr oinxteui, Tar. nibriroitris. SwirJi. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 416
(Shanghai) ; Dyb. J. f. 0. 1673, p. 108. 1674, p, 336 ; Pww,
Mongolie, ii. pi). 149, 170, n. -im (1876); Prjeo. in Rncl. Orn.
Mill', iii. p. 06(1878).
Anser cinereun $. subdbif rons, Sevrrtx. J.f. 0. 1876, p. 1 84 (Turkestan).
Anaer dnereus rubrirostris, Seebh. Hi$t. Brit. B. iii. p. 001 (1886).
Similar to A.fertu, but somowhnt larger, especially the bill and
feet, and more marked with black on the underparta ; bill of a
fleah-colouT, with the base of the upper mandiblo bright red (Ait^).
Total length about 33 inches, wing 18, tail 6--5, culmen 2-7,
tarsus 3-2.
Young birds have the uoderparta greyish white, with no black
markings.
Hah. Siberia, in winter Northern India and S. China.
r. a ad. sk.
t. Ad. sk.
'.. Ad. sk.
Sassvk-Alft Kul, Turkestan,
ftfsy.
KftAffar, Feb. (Fortytk).
India!
India (BliftK).
R, Jheeliim below Sbahpoor,
Nov. (A. O. H.).
R. luduB, Dec. {A. O. H.).
Delhi.
Ourfraon, Feb. {W. H. Chill).
Etawab, Nov., Dec., Feb.
Dr. Ott.) Fin-wli [C.].
India Museum [P.].
Purchasod.
Colonel Cobb [C],
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Cull.
Futtehguhr, Nov. (A. Ander- Seebohm Coll.
Kumal, Feb. Hume Coll.
Dollab.Aasani, April(J. Cnct- Hume Coll.
93
Adm emhroniie IToAtt. (nw Limt.) Schrift. d. Berl. Gn. naCtaf.
Fr. Tiii. pp. 75-01 (1T88).
Aaaor tiUttom, Bonn. Ene. Milk. i. p. 114 (pftrt.) (1790) ; BeOiU.
Oemem. Naturg. Deutifhl. 2iid ed. iv. p. WSS (1800) ; Sleph. Gen.
ZooL xii. 2, p. 26 (1824); Dum. Diet. Sc. Nat. isit. p. 461
(lB35);5p.i^)«wAiV. Cotb/.. p. 70, 11.218 (1827); Leu. Tr.d'Om.
p. 628 (1831) ; Savi, Om. Tone. lii. p, 179 (1831) ; Minitr. Cat.
lUi*. p. 66 (1832) ; Gould, B. Eur. pi, 28S (pt xii., 1837) ; Bp.
Omp. List. p. 6f>. n. 397 (1838); Bartt. /'. Z. 8. 1639, p. 3;
Saum. Vog. DevUchl. jri. p. 851. Taf, 28» (1842) ; Strkkl. P. Z. S.
1842, p. 107 (China); SiAiy. Ben. (frit. p. ci (1844); Hart!.
Att Vtrt. Get. Mat. a. 117 {ISU) ; Kiarb. Danm. Fugle, pi. 45,
Smtpt. pi. 24 (18521 ; Midd. Beit. O.-Sibu: H p. 227 (Taimvriand)
{im): Sehla,. r««F. .V«i<Tr/, pl8. 280. 281, 282 (1664) : H-'nlitngr.
Namminma. 18M. p. 268 (1854): Lidtt. Nummel. At. p. 100
(1854); Sefyt-L. Aamnnunia, 1855, p. 263; Bp. Qimpt. Bend.
x\ui. p. m><. n. 18 {ISM) -.Adnmt, P. k.S. I858,p.60»(Puni«b) ;
Tay}or,H.iM. 1850. p. 54 (ttopl) : A. Nevl. P. Z.S. 1860, p. 340 j
FWy*, thit. \m\ p. 351 ; Setn\. Uin, 18U1, p, 12 (GrwnlBnd) ;
""'■''' "■ """ "" ■" ' ■ "leini.J"- ■"■■
r. * p. Ondman. Ibii, 16«1,
) (fiodn);
i.Ibit, 18»1,
p. 344 (N. China) : id. P. Z. S. \mS, p. 323 ; lioddt. Brig. S. O.-
Sihir. ii. p. SG8 (Irtutok) (l8t«); Kordm. J.f. O. 1864, p. 87«
(Finland); Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 780 (Punjab) (1864) ; Degt.
♦ Gffhe. Om. £«.: ii. \>. 483 (18(!7) ; EIk. ^ BuekL Ibtt, 1870,
p. 339 {Mjicedonin); Maimer. J. f. O. 1870, p. 2H2; David, K.
Arch. Mum. Bull. vii. Cat. a. 441 (1871); A. Neat. Pr. Ac.
Philad. 1S7I. p. 09; Smith. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 416; SheU. Ibit.
I>i;i, p. 315 (Eirypt) ; G. R. Or. Uand-li-t, lii, p. 74. n. 10665
(1871); Gould, B. Great Brit. v. pi. 4 (pt. lii., 1871); Sand.
Stm^. fbjrf. pi. 57, f. 1 (1672); SAell. B. Egypt, p. 280 (1872);
Srrerli. Turked. JerolH. p, 70 (1878) ; Dyb. J.f. O. 1873, p. 108;
Palmfn, AW. /Von. (D. s.) xi. pp. 358, 855 (FiuUnd) < 1876) ; A.
ArtPt. Man. Nat. Hint. Gteenl. p. 1 13 (1875) ; Dm». lUt, 1876,
p. 418 (Turkestanl ; Blanf. EatU Pert. ii. p. 303 (1876) ; Tara.
livil. Soc. Zool. Fr. ii. p. 42 (1877); Davids' Outt. Oit. CAine,
p. 40a (1877); DrM. B. Eur. vi. p. 875, pi. 414 [pM, 66, 06,
1878) ; FintrJi, Verk. t-A. Get. Wien, 1879. p. 260 < W, Siberia) ;
Huw, Str. ft<rtA.»iii.p. 114, n.047(187»>; Hvme ^ MartA.
Cow B.'/hd. m. p. 73, pL 10 (1880); Sda'. P. Z. S. 1880,
p. 600: Frekt, Zoohgid, Sept. IS81, p. 306: Ridgw. Nommd. N.
Am. B. -a. 693 (1881); Cow$,Check-liH. 2t)d ed. p. lll.n. 893
(1882); Bfknv). VUg. loU. Garl. p. 66 (1882); Salv. Cat. B.
Strickl. Coll. p. 628, a. 2570 ( 1 882) ; B. O. U. List Br. fl. p. 1 1 6
( 18i«!) ; SeM. Lift Viri. A n. 8i;li ed. p. 41 8 ( 1883) ; Seebh. Ibii,
1884, p. SOU (C. Chiim); G>ue>, Key N. Am. B. p. 684. n. 692
(On*iil«nil) (1884) ; Eadde, Unii, Cauea*. p. 444 (1884) ; Trittr.
fjMM. 4- F/<^. Paint, p. 114 (1884) ; Saund. Tarreit, hU. Br. B.
i*.p.2al (1884-86); Sethh. IfHi. Br. B. iii.p. B06,pl.60 (18BB);
S^vad. EL r/n!./f<>f.p. 262,11. 840(1866): ■Wr/z. Zeitaehr. grs.
Om. 1887. p. 22 ; Bid^pe. Man. N. Am. B. p. 116 {18871 : P 6^
k Sahad. P. ■£. 8. 1887, p. 589 (Coma) ; P iid. Mem. R. Ac. 8c.
Tor. (S) iiKix. p. 140 (1888) ; LUf. C«l. Fig. Br. Bird*, pt. s.
pi. — (1880) ; Behme. J. f. 0. 1890, p. 81 ; DtJi. Faun. Vert.
Bdo., Oi*. ii. p. 406 (1891) ; Kalamh. GlailiH. Kararua. Dria.
Ti. p. IlW (Ddmntia) 0891). Sharpe, See. Turk. Miu., Ave*.
p. 128(1891).
Anw ..rvthtnpu,, Firm, (wr tmn.l fin/. An. p. 121 (1828) ; %(.
Afon. Aiuit. p. 00 (part.) (1838) ; Bp. Cat. Met. Vie. -Eur. p. 60.
n. 418 (1842J ; G. R. Gr. Gm. B. iii. p. 607, n. 3 (part.) (1844) :
Bchnb. Syn. Av., Nstatores, t. 102. S. 238~3U (I84o} ; G. Jt. Gr.
Cat. Brit. B. p. 187 {1»«3); ScUtg. Mtu. P.-S., Aoserei, p. 110
(part.) (1866); Eyt. Syn. Amtt. p. 38 (part,) (1869); F^itidt,
Vog. Eur. p. 404, t. 46. f, 0 (1870) ; Qieb. Tha. Om. i. p. S70
(part.) (1872); Hume, Sir. FralA. i. p. 269 (Jhelum) (1873);
SeebA. IbU, 1884, p. 269 (juv.) (Yang-i^e-Kiang).
Aiuer medius, Brulh {nee Ma/er), Im, 1828, p. 732 ; fUrrp, Itit,
1820, p. lOM; Tfinm. Mart. tfOrn. 2iid od. i*. p. 5la(I840);
Licit. Xomencl. Av. p. 100 (18-t4) ; Brehm, Naumatmia, 1866,
p. 297 (x=interill<>diun, yanm.).
Auser bruchii, C. L. Brehm, Itii, 1830, p. 006 (de?cr. nulla) ; id.
Vog. DeutKhl. p. 841 (18311; Bp. Cat. Met. Uc<^.Eur.-p. 69,
o. 419 (1842); G. B. Gr. Gat. B. iii. p. 607, n. 4 (1844);
Rekttb. Syn. Ac, Natatorea, t. 103. f . 9i>8 tl84i>j; C. L. Brdm,
Naumannia, 1865, p. 2tl7 ; Bp. Corr.pt. Bend, xliii. p. 648, n. 10,
p. 1025 (1S56) ; FriticA, Vog. Eur. p. 405, t, 45, f, 6 (1870).
Anser intemiedtii?, Naum. VOg. Deuttchl. li, p. 340, t. 288 (1842) ;
Selgt, Naumannia, 1855, p, 263; Blot, irt Naum. VOg. Deulschi.
liii. p, 293 (1860) ; Mchnic. J. f. 0. 1890, p. 81 ; Hrin. ^ Schnv.
A"«B. Mu». Heitt. Om. p. 341 (■Egypt) (18H)),
f Anser albifrons roBeipea, SchUg. Aaumannia, IS&'i, pp, 264, 256,
267.
F Anser pallipeH, Sely», yaumanuia, 1866, p. SM (domestic rare) ;
DeffL ^ Gerb. Om. Eur. ij. p, 486 (18W); Frits'^, Viig. Eur.
p, 406 (1870).
FAnMtalbifrousa. pallipes, Bp. Com»(. ,Bmd. xliii. p. 648(18561.
P Anser pallidipes, A. Neat. Pr. Ac. Philad. 1871, p. 99 •.
Adtdt male. Forehead and feathers at the base of the upper
mandible white ; head, neck, back, rump, and wings brownish ash-
colour ; tipper tail-coverts white ; breast and belly pale brownish
white, wiUi patches and broad bars of black ; sides and flanks ash-
a. Ad. tk.
A. $ mL >k.
c; S ad. at.
d: S aiLBk.
*. Ad. Bk. [atpj
/. ,1 .d. i.
>-.-. d? »d. «
fc. Intm. tk.
Dungltie, Co. Dooegal. J«r
Fetlisrd, Clonmel. .\nril.
Island of Tire«.
>. (f ad. Bk.
•-r. (f 9 sd. ik.
. 5 ••!- ■>>-
I «;. Jar ftk.
J if, /. Sktleton*.
U/. ^.ikelpIoQ.
Wales.
Cauibrid^ Dec.
Cnmbridge [Balrfr).
WilMhire.
Brighton, Feb.
IIolliuid> Jan.
AlexBndria, K|rvpl, Feb.
Alexandria. Egyiit, Feb.
Fdyoooj, Egypt, Feb., Mar.
(G. £. S.).
Liioknow.
R. Jh^eliim below Shahpoor,
Nov. (A. 0. II.).
KiukitiDg, Oct.
Ywigtxe. Oct. (F. tf. Slyoii).
Shtm^hai, Mnrch {It. Stcin-
hue).
Colonwl Irbj [P.].
(■apt. VVaJdroQ (p.\
Col. Irby &. Cant.
Reid [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
C. H. WatsoD, E>«.
CA. Feild^n \i:].
Hon, ^\'. EJlwanies
[1'.].
Mi>nta^ Coll.
t^a]\ii]-Godinan Coll.
Could Coll.
Montagu Coll.
Seebohm CoU.
H.J. Pike. Em. [PI
H. J. Elwe«, V^|.
[P.].
Shelley ColL
Shelley Coll.
P. W. Stvwj,
[P.l ■
Seebobm CoU.
Seebohm CoU.
i. Anser gambeli.
. Sirdt, pi. 153 (HudsonV
i. p. 197, n. 11 (America
Amer canadensis fiucu^ maculalu
Bay) (1760).
Ana« erylhmpua, pnrt.. Xi'iiii.
WPI.MI700).
Atuv albifrona. part., Om. S. K. i. 2, p. 609, n. 6i (Anjarica) (1788) ;
LatA. Ind. Om. ii. p. S»2. no. 27 (1 < 00) ; Ftntt. JV. ZJ. xsm. p. 344
<part.) ll«ln); Slepi. Om. Znnl. xii. 2,p.25(]824) ; Bp.Sjiecdtio
Vamp. p. 70, no. 235 (part.) (1827).
Xxmt albifwna. Bp. [nee Srop.) ^. p^ 376(1828); Waal. Iiit,
I831,p. Ji3I (MhxIpo): Str. * Bieh. Fatm. Bar.-Am. ii. p. 466
(M«d(onii«Biver,norlhofe7°,and Arctjc c:>a«t, breeding) (1831) ;
Vatt. Mm. ii. p. 846 (lA-M) ; Au-I. Orn. Bvigr. iii. p. 5«8. pi. 286
(1836) ! Bp. Cxmp. Lift, p. S6, no. 3(!7 (IS.-^) ; And- AV" p. 272
(1838); id. B. Aih. vi. p. 200, pi. S80 (1848); fliraud, B. Lung
Id. p. 2»6 (1844); Temm. Se Sfhirg. Fnun. Jf,p., Aret, p. 125
rl860) ; fto/f, P.S. Erpi. Exped. riii. no. I.W {Oregon and Call-
fomia) (1848) ; H<irfl. Witgm. Arch. 1852. i. p. 122; Bfury.Pr.
Pkilad. Ae. 1856, p. 316; Wied, J. f. O. 18fi9, p. 166; llemn.
P. R- R. Rfp. X. pt. ri. p. 68 (California) (I85») : Hoy. Smitlu.
Sep. p. 430 (Mi«wuri) |18i>4) ; Trippt, A-. Ett. Ini/. vi. p. 110
lMiDaeM)ta)(1871): '^icinA. IhU, 187<^, p. 4.% (Hahndadj), 1877,
p. 146; Blakitl. * iVy^r. Ibu, 1878, p. 212; iid. Tr. A». Soe.
Jap. Till p IB2 (IRSO., I. p. 115 (1883) ; Blakift. Amend. Lxtt B.
Jap. p. 8 (1884) ; Setbh. B. Jap. Enm. p. 237(1880} ; Bramdt,
J/. 0. 1891, p. 266.
f AoBersegetum, Nutt. (nee Om.), Man. Ji. p. 348 (J834) (N.E.
America) {fide Brandt, J.f. 0. 1881, p. 266).
Aiuer gsmbeli, Sartl. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1852, p. 7 ; id. Nau-
wonnw, 1862, p. 2 ; Bp. Con^. Rend, iliii. p. 648, n. 17 (18S6) ;
Cab. J.f. 0. 1867, p. 226 (Cuba) ; Out. US. Expl. Exp., Mamm.
and Om. p. 334 (iSiS) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 761 (1868) ; Coop.
^ Suckl. if. H. Wash. Terr. p. 249 (1860) ; Wheat. Ohio Agr.
iJe/-. no. 236(1860); BlakUt. Ibis, 186;), p. 140; Allen, Pr. Ets.
Intt. IT. p. 87 (MassachtLsetts) (1864) ; Oundt. Sepert. Fis.-Nat.
i. p. 387 (1666) ; Coues, Pr. Esi. Intt. v. p. 298 (New EngUad)
(1868) : id. Pr. PAilad. Ac. 1866, p. 08 (Anzona) ; Sing, Sportem.
and Natur. in Ginada, p. 190 (1866) (= albi&ons) ; Dreu. Ibit,
1866, p. 43 (Texas); Couet, Ihit, 1866, p. 269; id. Pr. Boit.
Soc. iii. p. 124 (South Carolina) (1866); Broom, Ibit, 1868,
p. 425 (Vancouver Isl.) ; Datl ^ Bonn. Tr. Chic. Ac. i. p. 294
(Yukon, breeding) (1869) ; TundmU, B. E. Pa. p. 36 (1869) ; Bann.
" ■ " ' - B. ffilJM. p. 11
i (1871); ScM.
. Neotrop. p. 128, n. 3 (1873); Dall.Avif.
Aieui. tet. unai. taiiw. p. 6 (1873); id. Aeif. Aleut. Isl. loest
Unal. p. 6 (1874); Lanrr. Mem. BosL Sob. N. H. ii. p. 313
(Mazatlan) (1874) ; Gundl. J.f. 0. 1876, p. 376 (Cuba) ; Sclat.^
Sale. P. Z. S. 1876, p. ,161 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 18B0, p 500 ; Satmd.
Yarreiri Hist. Brit. B. iv. p. 264 (1884-85) ; Secth. B. Japan.
Emp. p. 237 (1890).
Anser albifrooB, Tar. gaiubeii.Coues, Key, p. 282 (1872) ; Ridgw. Ann.
Lt/c. y. r. I. p. 388 (niiDOTs) (1874); (hues, B. K.-West,a.6m
(18r4j ; JfeU. Chii»e ' OwTPtn,' p. 93 (1883) (Sib. coaat o( Bering
Sea); B.,B.,^R. Water-B. N. Am. i. p. 448 (1884); Turner,
Auk. 1885. p. 168.
Anst-r ervtliro|iiis, i:»l. Mon. Am:l. p. fK) (purt.) (IKi8); Biiird
{nee Linn.). !il<iu/ii. Hep. u. 321 (IM2): II"or«/A. Silgr.Bep. p. 102
(lft>3); Xeirh. Pr. Ji. R. Rep. TJ. p. 101 (1857)'; fJrhU!,. "
lb. AKSKB. f?
Sc&roiily diSerBDt from A. alhifnrm ; on the average it is laj^r
uitl haa a biKger bill. •' Iris very dark brown ; biL milky wbito
(bfcumiiig licsh-colour some time after death), the anterior part
mod toniitt with n very faint rosy tinge, the posterior part with a
hardly jiercuptiblc wash of bluish ; a square liguro on culmen, edges
of uostrils, a Bmim spot beneath them, and the basal two-thirds of
iha lower half of tlie under mandible cadmium-yellow ; naked ekin
I on Dieutol angle and corner of mouth of the same colour, but paler ;
I 3 siHpo niong the forehead pale brownish yellow ; tail cream-
oolonred 4 naktid eye-ring dark brownish grey ; foot vivid cadmium-
yellow ; webs somewhat paler and purer yellow ; nails Uorny
white " [StfjnrgfT). Total leugth 29 inches, culmen 2-3,
i/oi. Northern Amtirica (except Greenland), migrating south as
Ear «s ifexico and Cuba, and aloog the E. Asiatic coast to Japan.
a. $ ad. (li. N. America. Salvin-Godmnn Coll.
t. Ad. at Arctic America. Capt. BuJc [F.].
«. Head. Arctic coiut, E. of Ft. Ander- Safvin-Oodman Coll,
Bon, July {McFarlane) .
I d: Ad.»L RejiuLte Bsv. Dr. Raa ■V.].
<L <; ad. tk. Bniwiisville, Tcjas, Feb. (F. SiilTin-Oi>dmiui Cull.
I B. ArHutroofj).
/. Ad- sk. British aolumbin.
«. Ad.ak. N.W. Ammca.
jl M-Simm-iJuT,, Ht. Michael's, Alwka, June,
M pull. sk. Aug. (£ W. Seltrm).
. Ad. St. Japan. Purchaa^d.
a. Ad.sk. yokohama (ff. iVyer). Soebohm ColL
I r>f- <^ ••l.»tjuT. Ilakodudi, April, Oct. (i^nftu- ijeebohm Coll.
-m).
5. Anser erythropns.
AaM emhtonuB, Linn. S. .V. i. p. 197, n. 1 1 (part, et byn. emend.)
0766).
Anier (inmarahicua, Oumifr, in Lrfmii dr Lapjivn. Cvmm. nvti»,
p. aw (1767): Rehnw. J.f.O. 1890, p. 8J ; Han. u. Rdaae.
Vom. hlv». Bein. Om. p. 341 (1890).
Anns albifrons, part., Gm. S. A", i. '2, p. W9. n. 64 ( 1788) ; Lath. Ind.
Om. ii. p. 842, n. 27 (1790) ; Fwifl. N. D. uiii. p. 344 (181fl).
ABMr albifnmv, part., Bonn. Sue. MilJt.i. p. lU (1790); SUpK.
Otn. Zool. «i. 3, p. 2S (1824); Dum. Diet. 8e. Nat. xmv. p. 4«1
(ISiM); Wright (iwc Scop.), Fink Fufil. p. 43 (l»fi9) (r/. lUt,
ISel.p. 111).
■Aiu<irerythnipu», i^'f;. Zoogr. B«uo-A%.\\. p. S2;> (1811).*
AMertemminckii, Bui./ni, 1822, p. 883 (Hamburg); Schleg. Rr<,
Crit. p. fx (18441; Midd. Beta. O-Sibir. ii. p. 2-28, t. xs. f. 2
Ipallns) (1861 1 (Tnioivr It., Boganid*) ; Prix. k. Lor. Ann. k. naturh.
m/mtu. lit p. W* (lri*?|.
Aukt ciOFmcHUB, C L. Brehm. Lekrb. Nalurg. eur. Vog. ii. p. 772
(1SS4) ; id. hU, 16W, p. »U0 1 id. Uandb. Nalurg. Vog. DeuUM.
p. 845 <1831); ia. Naumanai.., 1856, p. 297 ; «/. Vog^. p. 367
(1855)
Auserbreiii'ostris, IleckeHwU?)' ; Brfhm, Itii, 1830, p.996(deacr.
nulla) ; id. Naturgetch. Vog. DeuUcht. p. 844 (1831) ; G. Jt. Gt.
Gen. B. iii. p. 607, n. 6 (1844) ; Behnb. Sgn. Av., Nfttatoree, 1. 103.
tf. 398, 399, 361 (1S45) ; C. L. Brekm, yauvumnia, 1865, p 297
(= roinDtuB, JVouin.) ; id. Fogelf. p. 367 (1856).
Anser brevirostris, Koek (ubi ?), ^de Frittch, Vog. Eur. p. 406,
Taf. 46. r. 3 iyauag), f. 7 (»d.) (1870).
Anser minutuB, Naum. Vog. Deultchl xi. p. 864. Taf. 290 (1842) ;
NiUs. Skand. Fauna, Fogl. ii. p. 404 (1844) ; AjWA. Dimm. FugU,
p. 356, Suppl. pi. 24 (1*52) ; Schkg. Vog. Nfdert. pi. 283 (1864) ;
LicM. Nomead. An. p. 101 (1854) ; Selg», Kaumaanta, 1855, p. 264 ;
Bp. Compt. RfTiil. iliii. p. 648, n. 19 (1856) ; P Antin. J./. 0. 1858,
p. 484 (note, Smjrna) ; ScUeg. Vog. Nederl. p. 519, pi. 283 f 1858) ;
Bias, itt Xaum. Vog. DeutiM. xiii. 2, p. 293 (1860) : P Irby, Ibis,
1861, p. 247 (Ouith); Nordm. J./. O. 18«4, p. 376 (Finland);
Sc/Ueg. Mtit. P.-B., Aneeres. p. Ill (1866) ; Bree, B. Eur. iv.
p. 137, pi. — (1867); Sundtr. Svemka Fogl. pl.67. 1".3(1872);
/iniwA, hit, 1877, p. 62 ; id. Vfrh. z.-b. Get. Wiea, 1879, p. 200 ;
Hume, Sir. FealA. v'm. p. 114, no. 948 (1879) ; Seeb/i. B. Japan.
Emp. p. 238 (1890).
Marilockea brevirostris, " Heekel," Reknb. Av. Syst. NaL p. ix
(1862).
Anser enrthiopus, A'nttf. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 341 ; id. Ibit, 1860,
p. 406 ; id. Ann. * Mag. N. B. (aer. 2) ii. p. 462 (1860) ;
Sumh. P. Z. 8. 1863, p. S23 (China) ; Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 781
(Oudh) (1864); Degl. ^ Gerbe, Om. Eur. ii. p. 486 (18«7) i
and N. Rusiift) ; Gieb. The*. On. i. p. 370 (1872); Bhk. ^ Prger,
ll.U. 1H7>-, ^.-112 iTokiu and Yf/o) ; AVM. Ibi^, 1S7!», p. 2^
(Toliio) ; Dress. B. of Eiir. vi. p. 'iSi (pts. 7.i, 76, 1879) ; Hume
& Marth. Oame B. of Iiid. iii. T). 78, pi. 11 [1680| ; Sclat. P. Z. S.
15. is^KK. 99
eft* (III tlii> top uf the bewi Total length altuut 21 inchea, wiDg 15,
UU 4-5. culroen 1-27, tnreus :;-4.
FrmaU Bmitller than the male, wing about 13-3 Juches.
yi/ttng hirdt have no white on the toreheBiI and no block marks
un th« lowM" [Hirta.
Hall. Lajibinil and ea^tvrardii, aUo Siberia : it migrates south'
«nrd«, and lta« beoo fnaiid in wint«r from W. Europe to Japau; also
>n Sortliem India.
a. I,»iu. A
k. Jut. a.
t. 9 ad. sk.
A. Imin. tk.
a. Jar. tt.
f- Ad. ik.
I #.*,£.«;$ ad. aL
*. ?ad.ak.
f L a »^ik.
■L Ad.-h.
n. Skr^lob.!].
N. of Europe.
Ob R. IHstrict, Auft.
Yenisei, June (H.S.).
l).tuietta [Filiiijiimi).
Ca»ni«n Si«.
Omlh.
Suliiinpur, Ourgiton. March
( H'. JV. CAiU).
Shanghiti, Nov. {Jl Sn>in/u.e).
Tokio, Jan. (Slaki»/oa).
Yokohttmn (//. J^ytr}.
I'lircliased,
llr.Oft.fiuaubrC.l.
Se«bohm Coll.
Shelley CiU.
Purchased.
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Seebobia CoU.
ISeeboboi Coll.
Seebohm ColL
(I. Anser fabalia.
IVan Ooosp.
Aiucr sTlveHtris, J-'ruch, Vog. DeuUcht. tab, 15J$; Briu. Om. vi.
p. ^0760): Dtgl. On. Ear. u. y. 29-1 (184B); Depl. Jf Oerbe.
Om. Eur. ii. p. 481 (I8«r) : I)uh. Faun. Vert. Btlg., Oit. ii, p. 398
llM»l)-
Un nkatiu, Grrini, Star, drgh Vce. v. Ut. WI (1776),
Oie wuvage, D'Auhrnt. PI. Enl. 085.
Arm anwr, Bo^d. (nee Linn.) TaU. Pi. Enl. p. S7. n. 986 (1783) (er
H. Eml. (IS5).
Baan <ioose, LatA. flffli. m. % p. 404, a. -23 (178-^).
Aduu [abalia, Lath. dm. Sun. Sup/>t. l p. 3»7 (1787).
Anas BFgcIum, Gm. S. X. t. 2. p. 513, n. 68 (1786) ; LmK. lad. On,
ii.p. 84S,n. 28 (1700): Temm. Man. ^Om. p. 697 (1816)) id.
t^. fit. 2nil ed. ii. p. 820 (1820); Ranz. El. d! 2W. iii. pt. »,
p. 80 (I8:>a); Wfntr, Atbu, riUuilpedea, pi. 30 (18— P): Bp.
l^ecrhio Comp. p. 70, D. 311 (1827 1.
Aiuet leriis. Bonn, (nfe auct.) Ene. Mefh. I. p. 110, a. 7 (excl. a, b)
(17l>0) ; Firm. Brit. Anim. p. I2« (WiH).
AnfmMfFGluin, Bmm. Eur. Mfth. i.p.ll6{l>90)i .V«$«r, Taivkenh. ii.
p. fi<H(1810); IT*;//, S.l). xsili, p. 342(1818); Stfpk. Ge,,. la. Ii,
p. 20(1824); Dum.Dut. .Sr.AW. xixv. p. 460(182.5) : iftmr. Om.
Pnr. pi, 300 ( 18J."i) ; Bni^h. lot, 1828, p, 734, TaC ix. f. 4 ( =ttnen-
»\»,Jfaum.)i Brehm, Ist*. I8a0,p.99n; Znu. TV. ifOrn. p. «38(I8»1),-
Savi, Om. Tote. iii. p. 177 (1831 ) ; GomW. B. Eur. pi, 348 (18^7) ;
^.Mm.A»at.n 91 (18S8); Sp. CWw.iJW, p. &5, n. 399(1838);
&rf/. P.Z.S. lim.p.2iBp.Cat.Mel.Uec.Eur.B.70,a.4-rHlU2);
Kum. Vgff. DnaiM. li. p. .%0, Taf. 287 (1843) : Sehlfg. Rrr. Crit.
p. ds (1S44I ; G, It Gr. Gat. B. iii. p 607. n. 2 1 1844) : Sehnb.
Sun. .^ti,,An9ercs, lab, 102. H'. 240,^41 11810): llarmnrt. P. '/..a.
lasl. p. 146 (Madeira) : MiM. Rru. AVW, ii. 2, n, 325 (BofcHnida
indtaTmir Land) )■«■ p, 227. S.E. Siberia) n^^li Kjrrb. Om.
/)«(.t.4-^{1S52l: Situm. Naumanma. 1863, pp, &-«,'t. 1. 17. D.
K. F; SrkUy. V<y. Xedrrl. pig. 276, 277 (1854) : LifM. Nrmmd.
Ab. p. 100 (1664) { Wallettffr. Xaumannia, 1854, p. 267 (Scan-
dinavia) : Schleg. Naumannia, 1855, p. 262, o. S; Bp. Compt. Bend.
iliii. p. 648, n. 13 (1866) ; Gri»p, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 215 ; G. R. Gr.
Cat. Brit. B. p. 180 (1863) ; fristr. P. Z. S. 1S64, p. 453 (Pale»-
tine); ? Xordm. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 376 (Finkod) ; Sckteg. Miu.
P.-fl., Anserea, p. 112 (part.) (1806); Ei/t. Syn. Anat. p. 39
(1869) ; FHttch, Vog. Ear.o. 406, t. 46. f. 6 (1870) ; GlUdt, Ibu,
1870, p. 308 (Nova Zembia) ; Btwfs ^ Buckl. Ibu, 1870, p. 338 ;
Malmgr. J./. O. 1870, pp. 281, 280 (Finland and Lapland);
A. Newt. iV. Ac. Phiiad. 187], pp. 98, 99 (Lapland) j G. R. Gr.
Sand-lilt, iii. p. 74, n. 10563 (1871 ) ; Hevgi. J./. O. 1872, p. 121
(Kova Zembla) j 6ieb. Thea. Oru. i. p. 373 (pBrt.)(1872) ; Sundev.
Smntka Ihgl. pi. 56. t. 4 (187^) ; Gouid, B. Great Brit. v. pi. 2
(1873) ; Severtz. Turkat. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) (Turkeetan,
migrating through, and winteriiip) ; Breu. Ib%i>, 1876, p. 418 ;
Dren. B. Eur. vi. p. 363, pi. 412 (187il) ; Hume S[ Marth. Game
B. of Ind. iii. p. m, pi. 8 (1880) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 500 ;
Bchnie. Vog. sool. Gart. p. 66 (1882); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Colt.
p. 528, D. 2669 (I882i ; B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 115 (1883) ;
Sclat. Lilt Vert. An. Sth ed. p. 418 (1883) ; Radde, Ormi Cavcai.
Las (1884) ; Triilr. Faun. ^ Flor. Paleit. p. 113 (1884);
md. Yarreiri Htit. Bi-it. B. iv. p. 205 (1884-86) ; Seebh. Hist.
Brit. B. iii. p. 493, pi. 68 (1885) ; Fkike, Bev. Turkeit. Omu,
p. 64 (1888) ; Triitr. Qii. CoU. B. p. 61 (1889) ; Bchnjc J. f. O.
1890, p. 81 ; Kolamb. Glainik. 2Var<mw(. Dna. vi. p. 168 (1891) ;
Sharpe, Cat. Ogteol. Spec. CoU. Surg. iii. p. 291 (1891).
Anaa (errore pro Anser) segetura, Bedut. Naturg. Dtutirhl. 2nd ed.
iy. p. 883, n. 2(1801).
Anaer rufescens, C. L. Brehm, Beitr. Vogelk. iii. p. 871 (1822) ; id.
Jtii, 1830, p. 996; ia. Viig. DeuUvhl. p. 838, n. 3 (1811); id.
Naumaimia, 1866, p. 297 ( =8egBtiim, Naum.) ; id. Vogdf. p. 366
n. 3 (1855).
Anser platjuros, C. L. Brehm, Itii, 1830. p. 996 (descr. nulla) ; id.
Voq. BeuUch!. p. 837 (1«3]); id. Naumannla. \8^'). p. 2fr,
id.'VoQ. ■' --^ ' ""-'
»
Om.i. p. 374(18721.
Adtih mtiU. Head and neek greyish brown ; a few whitiah
baliicn on the buse of the bill ; back and scapulars dark brown,
•lightly tiugttd with grey, each fealher margined with greyish
white; rump blnckish brown; upper tuil-eoverta white; breast
|wlt greyish brown, elianging into white on the abdomen, vent, and
under tail-covi-rts ; flanks brown, with pale edgings to the feathers ;
wings brown, more greyish on the bend of the wing, bastard-wing,
prinary-coreris, and base oF the primaries ; wing-coverto, seeand-
ttries, and tertinls edged with white; under wing-coverts ash-
browD : bill with the nail, edges, and baee black, the middle portion
deep orange ; irides dark brown ; feet orange, claws black. Total
length 34 inches, wing 19, tail 6-5, bill 2-4, tarsus 2-6.
FrmaU similar to the male, but somewhat smaller.
Toung birfit of the year are rather darker in the general colour
<if their plnmage, the markings are less distinct, and there is a tinge
«f tawny colour about the neck.
I/ah. Western Pala'srctic Region, breeding in Northern Uussia
uid Lapland, migrating to the basin of the Caspian, wintering
in all Europe and Northern Africa ; has occurred us far south as
Madeira.
Gt. Britain
I'urchalM'd,
ZoolopCttl Gardens [BartlHt). Purchased.
I'Minburgb, Jan. Hiuae CqII.
6a1vin-Gu(Iman Coll.
EngUnd (?l, X^sdeohall Market. Hiinie tVill.
-Godninn Coll.
Feilden and Uarvie-
Brown Cnll.
Seebohm CoU.
Norfolk. J a
KovB ZuiLibIa, .luty ( Copt.
MarkhamS.
Vetehata (H. S.).
Yf^n-e-sav, Siberia, lat. 60}°,
May (H. S.).
Anter fahalit X A. frrut.
Northrepps. Norwich, April. J. I!. Oumej. Esq.
Aturr fabalit X A. rdhifruni
d i'}tiv.»k. Lilford Amries, Ai^.
7. Aiuer sernroBtris.
r spgetuin. Mi-id. |n/f Gm.) Sibir. Jtfier. li. 2, p. 227 (vai
S.F. SiVria) (1S61); ScAr™cA, S^i- Atitur-L. p. 463 (1860)
»einl>. nit, I860, p, 67. 1861. p. 344, 186^, p, 253; irf. P. Z. I
1863, p.3Q3iSadde,Meu.8. O.-SMr. ii. p. 356(1863); SwmA. Hit.
1667, p. 392; Dyb. If Forrtj^, J. /. O. 1668, p. 338 (Dauria) ;
Swinh. Ibit, ISia, p. 456 (part) ; Prjet,. in Bmtd. Om. Mite li.
p. 96 (1878) ; Blak. * Fryer, IbU, 1878, p. 212 (part.); «W. Tr.
Ai. Soc. Jap. Tiii. p. 182 (part.) (1880), x. p. W (part.) (188a);
\ 1888, p. 460 (Cores) ; Sfebk. B. Jap. Emp. ii. p. 236
(1890).
Aiuer MirrirOHtm, GoaJd, M.S. ; SctbA. IbU, 1884, p. 269 (Ceotral
Chioa).
Ansersegetuni, var. serrirostriB, Swmh. P. Z. S. I87I,p. 417 (China) ;
Diib. J. f. O. 1873, p. 108; Tacx. Om. Faua. lo4t. SiVr. p. V7
(J872) ; id. Bull. Soa. Zool. fV. ii. p. 42, n. 373 (1877).
AnBersegetuitiBerriroslris, Sttjn. Sta. U.S. Nat. Mut. no. 29, p. 144
(Date) (1685) ; Sn^h. Hut. Br. B. iii. p. 404 (East, form) (1885) ;
id. B. Jop. Bmp. ii. p. 236 (part.) (1890).
h. mid<iendorfii.
Atiser frrandis, Midd. (nte Gm.) BvU. phfi.-math. Ac. Fflenb. iii.
no. 19, p. 298 (1844) ; id. Reiie SUnr. ii. 2, p. 225, n. 1S2, TaT. xi.
f. 1 (head) (Boganida) (1851) ; Schrewk, Seii. Anmr-L. i. p. 462
(1860); Raddf, Rfii. S.O.-Sibir. ii. p. 354 (1860); *"■
p. 338; Gieh. Tha. Om. i. p. 371 (part.) (1872) ; Elwet, P. Z. 8.
1873, p. 640 ; Taet. J f. O. 1873, p. 108, 1874, p. 336, 1876,
P.-£., Anserea, p. lU (1866); Dyb. * Farra, J./. O. '.
— "■ ■ tAm. r ■ — — "■
/. /. ti. 1873, p. .
}. 256 : P FnxK. Mong. et Pay» da Taig. ii. p. 160 (Lac Chanlul
(1876) ; Tacz. Om. Faun. Voit. Sibir. p. 67 {1877) ; id. Ball. Soc.
Zool. Fr. ii. p. 42, n. 42 (1877) ; Prjn. m Bowl. Om. Miie. ii.
p. 96 (Lalie Ilanka) (1878); Jan. Bull. Soc. Zool. JV. vUi.
p. 343 (1883) ; iSnbh. Ibia, 1884, p. 209 ; Htin. u. Jtchnw. Norn.
Mtu. Hem. Om. p. 341 (E. Siberia) (1890).
'Aiiscr. sp., C/>. J:'jtr. Vumpt. Raid. t. xliii. p. 4-'i (uote) (Lake
BniliuJ) (TH-Ml).
15. AicsBft.
loa
n i« quite possible that two dJatinet forms are tncluilt^ under
A. »rrrir«ttri» — one larser. with the culmun 3-15 inehes long, and
wilhtha hetid nnd neck buffiaUbrown (/J. muliUrulorffi), anA the other
•matter, much more like A.faMit. but liirger and with the bill
mneh thicker {A. tm-irotlrit). I have not Been a sufRcicnt number
of ^tccimens to make up my mind on the subject.
11^. Bosteru Siberia, trum HoKuuidR iiutwnrdB ; in wintarChiiia
nud Japan.
«, if ad. »1(. Tunkn, .\inc>or-ljuiiI, Mhv (G. KnMe). Swbnhm CoU.
4. Ad. M. K. Siberiu. J. F, Bnwdt [P.].
c. Ad. sk. Chinkiauif. ("hiim. Feb. F. W. Sivan. l->q.
[P,]. ■
J. t! ad- ak. S'mgpo, IW. {It. SitnnMor). Seebobm Coll.
*. rf ad. sk. lUkodiuli. Oct. (Blakitton)- Seebohm Coll.
/. A<L»k. Vokohnina Iff. Pi-y^r). Seubohiu Coll.
8. Aaaer brachyThynclitis.
I^Bk-fuotcd Gnoar.
Anxiir hrachyrbvnehuB, Haill. Mim. Soc. Jl. iTAhbev. \»RR. p. 74 : id.
Cat. p. 2B. n,'i48 (tSI-P) ; id. I'. Z. S. 1839. p. 134 : Tr-nm. Man.
tfOrx. 3nded. iv. p. fiSO (1840); Siji. Coanc. Z. S. 1841. p. 14:
■■ " ■ JIfrf. Pec. £*!»•. n, 70. n. 421 (l'*^3)! Jardvir, Natur.
rii. p. 70 (184.'i) : Yarr. Hiil. Brit. U. Sod ed. iii. p. IM
(18*6): ScMeg. lUe. Oil. p. ex (ISMf; G. R. Or. Ur,i.
Libr.i.
V. OOT. n. 0 1 1^44) i BIytA. tW. B. Mnt. A. S. B. v. 301, >i. L7-5tf
IPuDJab :)( 1841)) ; Midi/end. Sibir. Jtrii. a. 2. p. -l-n (St. r<:aer>4buiv>
(1^1); Sdtlfg. I'oj,. Nedrrl pb. 378, ITI) (1854) ; i^. y»uman>ua.
1855, pp. Iifi4. 3.^7 : S<-Iy; Naumannia. 18r<5, p. 263, ii. 4 ; Yarr.
Bid. Brit. B. .-(rd cd. iii. p. 158 (1856) ; ? irfty, Ibii, 1S«1. p. 347
lAkmbac.Oudh): G. R. Or. fat. Jfrit. B. p. l'«7(lM:t); Jerd
B. uf ind. iii. p. 780 (1804) ; A. Anet. P. Z. S. I»fl4, p. 4IW
(3pit«b«rgua| ; ■'/. Ibit, 1864, p. 133 (Irdnnd), 186^, pp. 31)9, 51.1
iSpilebewn) : .More. Ihit. 1605. p. 441 ; T)«il. S[ Grrbr. Om. Bur.
ii. p. 4Kf (1801): rjiUelt, Saer»h. afl. «f Vid. StUk. Fork. p. 175
(N(.rw«vl (ISOt*); A. Sih-I. Ibis. IBtflt. p. 230! £y(. *>». Anat.
p. .■« (l»»); .Wa/wyr. / /*. O. I87U, p. iiflOi ^«i.ff/. J./. O. 1871,
p. 101 (Spinbe^en) ; /I. .Vf k<. iV. ^r. fAliAxJ. 1871, pp. «», MP:
&. fl. Or. ffand-U.t. tu- p. 74, n. 10564 (1871): G-mld. B. Or.
Brit. V. pL 31 (pt. lix., 1871); Sumttv. Stnuk. Fogl. pi. H3. f. I
(1872)1 i>«M, S. £Hr. Ti. p, 3119, pi, 413(pt8. 71, 73, 1878);
ZTuov, Mr. /VnrA. liii. p. 114, n. 94l-> (1870) ; ffumr » .Maroh.
Gam* a. iii. p. 71. pi. 9 (1880) -. Sclat. P. Z. & iVSO. p. »)0 ;
Xlax; llii', I8KI. V- 314 (Jutland) ; Ri:hnv. Fag. aw/. Oai-t. p. IM5
(1882): jWrf«Mt. Dir UnfUi/f/ung Ai. u. Eur. i. p.l01i(l8»3U
A O. U. iMt Br. B.p. Illl(li«3)l aolau,J.f. O. 188.1. p, 78,
ft loll. (UernunT) ; OifUtt. ibid. p. 80 (Heligoland) ; SHat. Liif
V»H. An. Sill eJ. p. 417 (1883) ; Tiattm. P. Z. S. 1884. p. 176 ;
Sntmd. Yarf^i- Br. B. iv- p. 270(1884-85); Stfbh. ffiil. Br.
B. iii.p.498,pl.«0(l8«i): ballot. Suppl. Iii y^rt/f Fufilt,^.! :
TMclrmi, Str. FftilA. x. p. 168 (Punjab) (IShtI: Tritlr. Cal.
CoU. B. p. r,- (ItwlH ; Sturh. (BfT. .1* y-irh. 18-11, pp. 300-21 1
(Swedpnli .S«ft*, tLJ«p. Emp. li p. 2rUl(iinU-l (IHllOj; lieAntK.
J./. O. If-W), p. «l: -Duh. Faun. ftrt. Brl-i..OU. li p.40l(l*-9h.
i KtHmt brnTiroftris. Thira. [are Ueckrlt. Forlpfl. Viig. Evf- pi. v-
p. 28 ( IH-WjIopp •) : K. .\ B. Wirhrllh. F"r. p. liTxiii (nolf I (1«40|,
Anoer phmnicapuB, BarU. P. Z. S. 1639, p. 3 ; Farr. HiH. Br. B.
iu. p. 64, with <at. (1843), i. Introd. p. xi (1843) ; BarU. P. Z. i).
1861, p. 19.
Anser wgetum, A'oum. (n*? Gm.) Viig. UeuUcfil. li, p^ 287, t 287 *
(1842) ; fid. Naumatmia, 1863, pp, 5-8, t. i. fi. D,E, F; Stridcl.
Ann. * Mag. N. H. (3) iii. pp. ll>2, 124, pi. It. ff. 2, 3 (1859) ;
Malmqr. (Efv. K. Vet.-AJc. Tdrh. 1863, p, 189 (Spitsbergen);
id. J.f. 0. 1863, p.378 (Sinteber^a) ; SchUg. Mtu. P.-B., Ansenis,
pp. 112, 113 (part.) (1860); Oiet. Tha. Om. i. p. 373 (part.)
11872).
Anser Regetiim a. bracliTrliTiicbua, Bp. Comjit. Rend. lUii. p. 648,
n. 13 a (1880).
Anaer ferus, Evans 8( Sturge (nee auct.), Bit, 1850, p. 172 (Spits-
bergen).
Aneer ciopreuB, TAoreil (ner Meuer), Biitoi. Mag. Med. Kandid.
p. 61 (1860) ; Malmgr. (Efc. K. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1803, p. 116
(Spitsbei^n).
Anaer eej^etiim v. bracbjrhjncbus, Malmgr. I. c. pp. 396, 413 ; id.
J.f. 0. 1866, p. 210.
Anser rufeBcens, Palm, (nrc Brehm), Fittl Fogl ii. p. 339 (1872).
Very similar to A. fahalit (=ugetum), from which it differ* in
being Bmalliir and in having the bill shorter, the legs and feet
and middle portion of the bill piuk, iiist«ad of orange. Wing abont
16 inches, culmeu 1-7, tarana 2-2.
ffai. Spitsbergen, where it nests, and probablj' also Pranz Joseph
Land ; during the migration and in winter in N.W. Europe ; oc-
caaionalJy it strays to Germany, Sclgiam, and France ; itA alleged
occurrence in India requires further evidence.
15. ANSBR. 106
9. Anser indicus.
Barred-headed Goose, Lath. Syn, Suppl. i. p. 277 (1787).
Anas indica, Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 839, n. 20 (1790).
Anser undulata, Bonn. Enc. Mah. i. p. 114 (1790) (ex Latham).
Anser melanocephalus, Vieill. N. D. xxiii. p. 3»'i2 (1818) ; Dum.
Diet. Sc. Nat. xxv. p. 460 (1826).
Anser indica, St^ph. Gen. Zoof. xii. 2, p. 36 (1824) ; Oould, Cent,
mm. B. pi. 80 (1831).
Anser indicus, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 126 ; Eyt. Mon. Anat. p. 90
(1838) ; Vig. P. Z. 8. 1831, p. 173 ; Jerd. Madr. Joum. xii. p. 217,
n. 376 (1840); Hodgs. in Gray's Zooi. Misc. p. 86, n. 693
(1844) ; G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 130 (1844); id. Cat.
Hodgs. Coll. B.M. p. 144 (1846) ; Licht. Norn. Av.j^. 101 (1854) ;
Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 782 (1864) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B.y Anseres,
p. 114 (1866) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 175; Beav. Ibis, 1868, p. 401
(Umballnh); Eyt. Syn. Anat. p. 37 (1860); Gieb. Thes. Om. i.
p. 371 (1872) ; Hume, Str. Feath. 1878, p. 260 ; Adam, t. c.
p. 401 ; Ilume, Nests (jr Eggs, p. 636 (1873) ; Butl. Sir. Feath. iv.
pp. 27, 40 (Sindh), p. 499 (1876) ; Dress. Ibis, 1876, p. 419
(=ekomiakovi) ; Hume, Sir. Feath. iv. p. 499 (juv.) (1876);
Przew. Mongolie, ii. pp. 161, 170, n. 256 (1876) ; Prjev. in Hotel.
Om. Misc. iii. p. 97 (Lake Koko-nor) (1878) ; Anders. West
Yunn. ii. p. 698 (1878) ; Hume, Str. Feath. vii. p. 491 (Calcutta)
(1879), Tiii. p. 114, n. 949 (1879) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 500;
Hume 8f Marsh. Game B. of Ind. iii. p. 81, pi. 12 (1880) ; Bidd.
Ibis, 1881, i^.m',Itehnw. Vbg. d. Zool. Gdrt. p. 66 (1882); Salv.
Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 528 (1882) ; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th
ed. p. 418 (1883) ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 76 (Pamir ranpre) ;
B. O. U. List Br. B. p. 116 (1883) ; Przew. Beis. in Thibet,
pp. 64, 226 (1884) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 320 (breeding, Zool.
Gard. Rotterd.) ; Kimherg, Zool. Gart. 1886, p. 324 (Shamin) ;
Pleske, Bev. Turkest. Omis, p. 54 (1888) ; Tristr. Cat B. p. 61
(1889); Hum>e, Nests ^ Eggs (Gates' ed.), iii. p. 279 (1890);
HarUrt, Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 227, no. 3369 (1891); Sharpe, Sec.
Yark. Miss., Aves, p. 128 (1891); Pleske, Mil. Bid. xiii. p. 298,
n. 167 (1892) ; Newt. Diet, of B. p. 373 (pt. 2, 1893) ; Oust. Nouv.
Arch. Mus. (3) vi. p. 97 (1894).
Bemicla indica, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 608, n. 15 (1844) ; Rchnb.
Syn. Av.y Natatores, t. 101. ff. 961-52 (1845) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. B. n. 301, n. 1767 (1849) ; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 509
(Indus & Punjab).
Eulabeia indica, Rchfib. Av. Syst. Nat. p. ix (1852) ; G. R. Gr. Cat.
Hodgs. Coll. B. M. 2nd ed. p. 76 (1863) ; id. Hand-list, iii.
p. 76, n. 10669 (1871) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. de IV. ii. p. 43
(Lake Baikal) (1877) ; Hein. u. Rchnw. Nom. Mus. Hein. Om.
p. 341 (1890).
Eulabsea indica, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 648, n. 11 (1850).
Anaer skomiakovi, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. pp. 70, 149, pi. x. ff. 3,
(ad.) 4 (pull.) (Turkestan) (1873) ; id. J.f. O. 1873, pp. 346, 377,
886, 1875, pp. 80, 100, 184 ; id. Zeitschr. ges. Om. 1887, p. 137.
-*-"- "-^-^oa, BaU, Str. Feath. 1874, p. 436.
'^iro horse-sboe blackish bars on the
•black ; a longitudinal white band
i<e verj' pale ashy, the feathers
106 urnivM.
edged with whitish and tinged with brown on the mantle and
scapulars ; sides of the rump and upper tail-coverts whitish ;
throat white, fore-neck brownish ashy, passing gradually into
cinereous on the breast, whitish on the abdumen ; vent and under
tsil-coverts white ; feathers of the flanks brown, rufous towards the
tips with pale edgings ; quills grey, dusky towards the tips, and
gradually becoming darker towards the secondaries i tertials brownish
grey ; tail grey, white-tipped : " bill yellov ; irides brown ; legs
orange" (Jerdoit). Total length 27 inches, wing 17, tail 6, bill 2,
tarsus 2-75.
Vottiuj. Forehead brownish white, a little tinged with maty ; a
dusky lino through the lores to the eye ; whole crown, occiput, and
nape sooty or dusky black ; no trace of either the two distinct
black head-bars or tho conspicuous white neck-streaks ; back of
neck wood-brown, sides and fronl< of the lower part of the neck pale
dnsky greyish, mottled with whitish ; most of the feathers of the
hreaat and abdomen have a pale rusty tinge towards the tips ; the
conspicuous dark banding of the flanks of the adults is almost
entirely wanting ; tail somewhat browner than in the adult.
young in doivn. Palo yellowish, top of the head and upper parts
pale brown,
tiab. Central Asia and Northern India ; rarely in Southern
India {Jerdoti).
0,4. ?ad.»k.
Koko-Dor, March (Pjjeval-
N.India.
India.
N.W. India.
Kumaon (SiraAeyl.
H. Seebohm, Esq.
Col. Cobb's Coll.
Hardwicke Beq.
Capt. S. Pin«dn [P.],
India Museum TP.].
India Museum [P.].
c. Ad. at
d. Ad. St.
t,f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. flk.
h. Ad. sk.
in. CYGNOPSIS.
Cytmopsis, Brandt, BuH. Ac. PeUrA. IHaii, i. p. W.
Dear- ft Irtm. Anita. Rms». Nov. p. 5 (1(?3«) .
Ocnnptris, Iffia. u. Rcknvr. Nam. Mvf. Htin.
p, &ii i\me» (nom. rmend.).
R<>nge, KaXeru Asia.
I. CygiaopaiB cygnoides *.
C. cygnoideB
Asm cymirades orieiilnlid, Zcnn.
ticntMl).
AuM-r mo9coviticu!i, Bri$t. Orn. iv. p. SiS 11760).
Auter Kuineeiisiii, Srui. I. c. p. 2bO (1760) ; Eyt. Mini. Aiiat. p. 04
(18.18) ; id. Syn. Anat. p. 42 (18fi9).
Adm i!jgtto\Aiaa. BTietnli«, Xtnn. 5: N. i. p. 104 (176^).
Aau cvgnoidiv ff. oriiMitnliii, £ii>n. I'Mil.
Anwr Vjpioidw, Pall. Stue, iji, p. 700, n. 32 (I77«) ; Btmn. Une.
Mtth. i. p. 101. n. 6 (1700) ; Pall. Zoogr. Somo-At. ii. p. -21%, Ub.
Iiiv. (1811): Vieat.N.D.j^v.f.SSnOV'\i5):Dvmiml, Did. fk:
Kat. XXXV. p. 466 (1^35) ; Boie, hit, 1S26. p. 081 ; Byt. Mon. Anat.
pi, 6 (ikelutOB), App. 1, S (1H3H) ; G. R. GV. Gen. B. ui. p. 607,
n. » ylMi) I Bfyth, ViU. B. Mia. A. H. B. p. SOU, u. 1764 (1840) ;
Tanm. $[ SrhUg. Faun. Japan., Amt.p. VJo (1860) ; i^orfrfe, Britr.
A Kmnt. Sum. Seiih. xxziii. p. 216 (18(lJ) ; Sirinh. Un»,\^\,
p. 314 ; iit. P. ■/,. S. Id63, p. 32^ (Fl. Chioa) j StkUe. Mut. P.-S.,
Ans-rw. p. 100 ( ie60( ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1669, p. 620 (brwdin(t) ;
Cab. n. 4. Dtck. Rrit. iii. p. 61 (1860) ; BMh, tbin, 1870. p. 176 ;
Ratid. AouB. Arch. 3iu»., SuU. tH, Vat. n. 430 (1871) : Swinh.
P.X. S. lS7l,p.416: GieL. Thtr. Ors. i. p. 370 (1873); ftwrfct.
JWkat. Jrrotn. p. 70 (1873); Elwr>, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 649;
Onat aunw. /Van. Ant. ZoU. ii. p. MO (I76fi); LaiK Am. iii. 2. p- 446,
n. II {1785).
Anu nwwii*. Cm. 5. i^. \. 2. p. .504, n. 53 (1768) . i;«/i. Jnd. On. ii.
p. 837.D. lfi(1790>.
AnMrgraodit. Boon. Ak. .W«A. i. p. 110 (17flO): PaJl.Zoogr. H«m-A*.
ii. B.2::l (1811: Una. CikmohaU*. Ansdrr RiTer) (tf (Vmrfin, fin.) 1
ViiUt. S. II uni. p. 34f> (1818); Sfrph. fir*. Zoot. iii. 2. p. 3&
(18£4>; B*m. Difl.hr. jVut. »rr. p. 473 (ltl25); Sp. C-mpl. Rtnd.
jliii. p. 648, n. 14 (1SW) ; G. H. Gr. Hand-tiif. iii. p. 74, n. 113562
(IBTli; Gw4. 71**. Om. i. p. 31 (pnrt.Kl«72): Sftrlt. Ibh, 1876
p. 417 (=:cygiioidM),
Btrnlck ? ^nndi*. G. H. Gr. Gem. B. Hi. p.lUIR. n. Ifi(lB4-l)
"O* ■
tiij , bodr diielj, iindorpurli
FerA. ft. j.-6. Ge». Wien, 1879, p. 2.58 (\V. Siberia) ; Sclat. P. 2.
1880, p. 601, a. 14; id. LUt Vert. An. 8lh ed. p. 418^ n. !
Cnt. OOeot. Specim. CoU. Surg, i
1891, p. 267.
CKe de Uuinte, D'AtAent. Fi. Ent. 347 j Buff. Hut. Nat. Oit. iz.
p. 72, pi. 3 (1783).
Cbineae Goose, Lath. &p>. Hi. 2, p. 447, n. 12 (1786).
Anaa orientalia, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 603, n. 2^ (1788).
CfgDua sinenua, Steph. Gen. Zooi. lii. 2, p. 22, pi. 40 (1824).
C^ftDopsia cv^Qoides, Brandt, BuU. Ac. Pittr^. 1836, i. p. 37 ; id.
Descr. ^ Ic. An. Eua. Nov., Aves, fasc. i. p. 5 (1836J ; G. S. Gr.
List Gen. B. p. 73 (1840) ; Bp. (M. Met. Ucc. £ur. p. 69, n. 415
(1842); SlriAl. P. Z. S. 1843, p. 166 (Chinese); Marll. %s(.
Verx. Gee. Mtu- p. 117 (1844) ; Jichr^. St/n. Av., Anaerea, t. 106.
ff. 249-SO (184fi) ; Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 101 (_1864) ; Bp. Compt.
Send, xliii.p.648, n. 9 (1860); G. S. Gr. Sanrf-iu(, iii. p. 75,
n. 10674 (lS71)i Sund. Mel. nat. Av. ditp. Tent. p. 14-') (1872) ;
Ihib. J.f. 0. 1873, p. 108 (E. Siberia), 1874, p. 336 ; Taat. BtdL
Soc. Zool. JV. ii. p. 43 (1877) ; Stfjn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mia. x. p. 136
(Bering I.) (1887) ; Tacs. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 460 (Coren).
Anaer cygnoides fenis, Temtn, S( Schieg. Faun. Japan., Aves, tab. 81
(1850).
CvgnopBiB ferus, Ecknb. Syn. Av. n. v/. Novit. Natatoraa, t. cccliii.
f 2773 (ex Faun. Jap.) (1860).
Cjgnopsia guineeoBis, Hchnb. Av. Si/st. Nat. p. x (1862).
Cvgnopsia cvgnoidee a. australia, Bp. Onmpt. Rend, xliii. p. 648
■(1856).
Anaer (Cygnopeis) cvgnoides, Schrenck, Viig. d. Am.-L. pp. 457-461 ,
Taf XT. (1800) i Aadde, Rei»e S. O.-Sibir. ii. p. 350 (1863).
Anser sineii^ic, Stlat. P. 7.. S. 1863, p. 2:J4 ; Ibiinu-. Ilk,, d. Zool.
17. rni[,*c
109
nddish brown. Total lengtb about 36 inohea, wiug 17-5, tail 7,
bill »'3, tarsDS 29.
FfinaU. Similar to the male.
la tho domesticated state this Qiwse has tbe bill red, much shorter,
kod with a largo frontal knob.
Sah, fireeds in Eastern Siberia and winters in China ; apparently
rwident in Japan : baa been recorded from the Eurile Islands.
Ajnoorlaad, April (Bruldr).
Shanahfti. March, Not. {Jl.
SiciiiAiif) .
Shanghai, Nov. (£. SaiinAoe}.
Yokuhams, Japan {Oicttoa).
Liph"oli, Haiit« (dom. vox.}.
H. J. Elwefi, Era.
[P-I
Capt, Blatdston [P.].
Ziwl. Garden.
T. Butler, Esq. [P.].
Eytoo CoU.
Hybrid (J. cjgnoiilea idoinesliea) X Bernioln eaundensia.
iak. Domestic H. J. Elwes, Esq.
[P.],
17. FHHiACIE.
Pliilacte, Baanulrr, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phiiad. 1870,
p. 131
Sanyf. .Vorlh-east Asia and Norlb-west .America.
1. Philact« cani^ca.
I* cunii^icu, Sevtutianoff, Nona Acta Ac. St. PeUrib. liii. p. AJ6,
L % (1800).
ler pktus, Piill. [nee Bomtaterrt) Zoogr. Sou.-Aa. ii. p. 233
'1T1 .■Tn-n.t.l, uA.tV (Itlll); fkhUo. HotuII. Dierk. i. p. 438
Is.-; I; SanUmk. Vou. of the K(ya. ii. p. 42 (Chuck PeaiuBula)
1--I 1 . I-almht, ai. Intern. Fuh. Exh. Land., Stcedcii, Spre. Cat.
■r oiuafflcus, Brandt, BuU. Ac. Sf. Pft^tb. i. p. 37 (1830) [ id.
ttr. et Ifoa. Anim. Rm». L p. 7. Ub. 1 ( ISaO) ; SchUp. Diercnl.
t7Bwitbfia. (1864); id. Mia. P.-^., Anserex, p. 116 (18U«);
- ", .^6*. Brfvt. Fw. iii. p, 86 (IseO); Oith. Thet. Om.i.
78); A!rto(. P. Z. S. im), p. 601 ; Braadl, J.f. 0. 1891,
; Muntlux. Bull. Sof. Acclim. 1SR6, p. ]6«.
i.ra. Bii. Comiil. Bend. xUii. p. 648, n. SO (1850) ;
. N.'Am. p. 788 fl8fi8); id. Cat. N. Am. S. n. 673
(1659) ; Miot, lOuMtr. Am. B. pi. 46 (1606} ; Egt. Syn. Anal.
p. 35(1869); DaU 1^ Banmit. Tr. Chic. Ac. i. p. 296 (1869);
G. S. Gr. ffand-litt, iii. u. 77, n. 18692 (1871) ; Omes, Chedc-lUt,
2nded. p. 112, n. 698 (1682) ; DaU, NuUii Amf. Aleut. Ul. Un/O.
Eastw. p. 5 (1873); Adamt, Ibit, 1878, p. 429 (Michftlasld) ;
Hein. Ik Rchnw. Norn. Mia. Iltat. Om. o. 343 (1890).
PhilactecAuaRica, Bannitt. Pr. Aead.FAilad. 1870, p. 131 ; Couet, Key,
p. 283, f. 183(1872); id. Clitck-liU, n. ^•2{1873): id. B.N.-Weit,
p. 668 (1874) ; Datl, NoUt Avif. Aiail. Id. Wetf. Unal. p. 6 (1674) ;
Couft,El!ioiesAff.Alai-ka,p.lS»{mr>); Bidgic. A'"m. N.Am.
B. u. 698 (1882) ; Eltha, Man. Seal III. p. 130 (1882); Nelton,
CniM • ConeiTi; 1881, p. M'> (1883) ; B., B., ^ R. WaUr-BirOs N.
Am. ii. p. 477 with fip'. (1884) ; Couet, Key S. Am. R. 2nd ed.
p. 680, with fig. p. 088(1884); Murdoch, Exp. to Poiut Barrow,
, 117 (1885); THmer, Auk, 1885, p. 158; A. 0. U. Code 'if
Tommd. 1^ Check-Iitt, ?■ 128, n. 170 (1886); RidffW. .Ww. JV^.
p. 117 (1885); Turner, Auk. 1885, p. 158; A. 0. U. Code
Nomend. 1^ Check-Iitt, v. 128, n. 170 (1886); RidffW. .Ww
, p. 118 (1887) ; Turaer, Ctmtr. Nat. Hitt. Atadca, p.
; Sl^n. Fr. U.S. Nat. Mia. x. p. 136 (Behring I.) (1887)
Tumneend, ibid. p. 10« (Humboldt Bay, California) (1887);
Ne/mn, Nat. Hist. Coll. in Akaka, p. 89, pi. W. (1887) ; Fannin,
Auk, \m% p. 76 (Vancouver I.).
Chen canagica, A'etrf. Enc. Brit. 9th ed. i. p. 778 (1871>) ; id. Diet.
0/ .B. p. 374 (pi. 2, 1H1I3).
Adtdt. Head and napo white, the former frequeatlj staiued,
espeoiallj- anteriorly, with rusty ororaugc rufous ; throat aud neok,
frontally aud laterally, brownish black or duaky greyish brown ;
tail alaty black, and while on l«rminal half; prevailing coloor of
reet of plumage bluish ash, each feather variegated by a narrow
tarmiual bar of whit« and a broader subtermiaal crescoDt--shaped
one of black, these markings nearly obsolete on abdomen and
oriaanm ; greater coverts and secondaries slate-black, conspicnoaelj
margined with white ; anterior lesser covert*, iirimaries and
■ manJiblo durk I
18. BRANTA. Ill
c-f. <5 ? ad. et (5 Yukon Delta^ Alaska^ May, Salvin-Godman Coll.
imm. ak. June {E, W. Nelson).
Pfkfi, 2 ad. etc^ St. Michael's, Alaska, June, Salvin-Godman Coll.
juv. ak. Sept. (K W. N,).
k, Imm. ak. Ugasnik, Alaska (C L, Salvin-Godman CoU.
McKay).
18. BEANTA.
Type.
Branta, Scop. Ann. I. Hist ^at. p. 67 (1/60) B. bernicla.
Bemicla, Boicy Isis, 1822, pp. 563, 883; Steph. Gen.
Zool. xii. 2, p. 4o (1824) {ex Brisson, Orn. vi. p. 3(X),
1760). B. bemicla.
Leucopareia, Bchnh. Av. Si/ttt. Nat. p. ix (1852) B. leucopsis.
Rufibrenta, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 648 (subgen.)
(ia'>6) B. ruficollis.
Leucoblepharon, Bairdj Birds ofN. Am. p. 763 (subgen.)
(1858) (nee Leucoblepliara, Lafr. 1840) B. canadensis.
Brenthus, iSundev. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 145
(1873) (nom. emend, ex Aristot.) (nee Schonh. 1826).
Ptocas, Heine, Nam. Mus. Hein, Orn. p. 342 (1890)
(= Rufibrenta).
Range. Palaearctic and Ncarctic regions.
Key to the Species,
No chestnut colour on the breast.
a'. Upper tail-coverts normal, confined to the
Iwie of tlie tail ; head partly white,
a". Head black, with a somewhat triangular
white patch on each cheek, usually
confluent on throat ; chest brownish like
brea^t and belly.
a". Wing more than 14'50 inches.
a*. Lower parts fading gradually into 1 canflrfpy/5w, p. 1 1 2.
white on anal region | AMfcAi?wi(?),p. 114.
A*. Lower parts greyish brown, abruptly [p. 115.
defined against white of anal region. . occidentalis (r),
A"'. Wing not more than 14*50 inches, usually
less minima, p. 116.
b". Head mostly white ; the lores, occiput,
neck, and chest black leucopsis, p. 117.
A*. Upper tail-covert8 very long, reachinjr the tip
of the tail-feathers; head entirelv black,
c". Sides of the neck with two patches of white
streaks on each side, usually not meeting
in front; lower parts greyish, in con-
spicuous and abrupt contrast with black
of che.«»t ; or dark brown, but sufiiciently
defined from the black of the chest. . . . bemicla, p. 110.
d'. The white patches on the sides of the neck
constantly meeting in front, so as to form
a broad white collar, interrupted only
behiDd ; breoat aod abdomen dork sootj
brown H^p'icatu, p. 128.
b. Chest and a patch on the posterior part of the
sides of the head chestnut ruficoUi*, p. 124.
1 . Branta canadenaiB.*
Canada Gooae, Bdw. Birdt, pi. 161 ; LalA. ^n. iii. S, p. 400, n. 14
(1785).
Aoser ferus canadenns, Sdw. op, eit. iii. p. 246 (1750).
Anser canadensis BvlveBtris, Brits, Orn. vi. p. 272, pi. xxvi. (1760).
Anas canadensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 198, d. 14 (1768) ; Font. PkU.
Tratu. btii. p. 414 (1772) ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 514, n. 14 (1788) ;
Lath. l«d. Om. ii. p. 838, n. 17 (1790); Witt. Am. Orn. viii.
p. 62, pLG7. f. 4(1814).
tte sauvage du Canada, DAiAgjd. PI. Enl. 346.
Oie icravate, Buff. Hitt. Nat. OU. ii. p. 82 (1783),
Anser canadensis, Bonn. Enc. Mith. i. p. 114, pi. 32. f. 2 (1790) ;
VkUL N. D. xxiii, p. 335 (1818); Bum. Diet. Sc. Nat. ixiv.
p. 468 (1828) ; Flem. Br. An p. 128 (1828) : Bp. %n. p. 377
( 1828 ) ; «W, * Rich. F. B.-Am. li. p. 468 (1831) ; Lfm. Tr d'Om.
•6 (1831) ; Beim. Gard. ^ Menag. Zool. Sue. del., Bird*,
p. 201 (1831); A'w(.jtf<i«.u.p.349{1834); Aud. Orn. Bi
p. 1(1836), T. p. 607, pi. 201 (1839); Bp. O^p.List, p.6o {
Eyt. Man. Anal. p. »5 (1838) ; Aud. J^^n. p. 270 (1S39) ; K. ^
1 (1836), T. p. 607, pi. 201 (1839) ; Bp. Gmip.Liit, p. 65 (1838);
_j(. Mtm. Anat. p. »5 (1838) ; Avd. J^. p. 270 (1S39) ; K. ^ B.
mrbeltJi. Bur. pp. luxii, 223 (1840) ; Aud. B. Am. vi. p. 178,
• "• LfF " " *■ '
pL 370(1843) : hcfi'ay, A^. Y. ifco/. ii. p. 348(1844); Gir.B.Txmg
IiLp. 289(1844); Gmse, B. Jam. p. 408 (1847) ; Baird, StamburyU
SUp. p. 321 (1852) : Wied, J.f. O. 18-JO, p. 184 ; Schleg. Mu».
P.-B.,AneereB,p.l06(1866); ^(. ^, .4naf. p, 44 (1869) ; Gieb.
The*. Orn. i. p. 369 (1872).
Cygnua canadensis, St^h. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 19 (1824) ; Jen. l^aa.
p. 227 ( iKii'i) ; Ei)t. Cm. Br. Bird; p. ti.j (18.'5ti|.
IS. BuuriA.
113
Ae. Philad. 1861, p. 238 ; Smb. Cunad. h'at. \m-2, p. 162 ; Himd
Sff,. p. 175 (1862) ; I err. Pr. JBsa. Intl. iii. p. 153 (1862) ; Boardm.
Pr. Bout. Soe. iv. p. 139 (1862) ; BlakM. IbU, 1862, p. 9, 1863.
p. Ul ; ReiaA. Fid. Med. t. 1864 (1805) p. 240 (Diaco) ; JtfarcA,
TV. .4c. PAilad. 1864, p. 70 (Jamaica) ; J3oj/. WntfAi. Bep. 1864,
p. 438 (MiMonri): I)rai. Ibi», 1806, p. 43; Omei, Pr. A^
nUad. 186B, p. flS; iowr. Arm. Lye. N. T. viii. p. 296 (1866) ;
Omra, Pr. E-. Iiut. vi. p. 208 (1868) : Hiiiekt, P. Z. S, 1808.
p. 21 1 ; Broien, Ibit, 1868, p. 425 (A'ancouver I»l.) ; Dull 4> Batm.
Tr. Otic. Ac. i. p. 296 (Alaaku) (1869); Steti. U.S. Ofol. Suit.
Terr. 1870, p. 4fi6 (Wyoming); Coma, Pr. Ae. Philad. 1871,
p. 33 (N. Oarolinn) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 467 (two CMOtids),
p. 639 (muscles): *tDW, A A'a»*M,p. 11 (1873); Sctoi, .J- Sato.
Xmi^cL Ac. Xeotrop. p. 128, n. 1 (1873) ; iVd. P. Z. S. 1876,
p. .■)62 (pMt ?} i Sclmadt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 317 ; Sdat. P. Z. S.
18S0, p. 602; Ridgw. Nom. N. Arn. S. 11.694 (1881); Giuei,
CAirk^ttl, 2nd ed. p. 113, n. 703 (1882) i Sdar. Liit Vrrt. An.
8th ed. p. 410 (J883); B. O. U. Liif Br. B. p. 118 (1683);
Bta^, Auk, i. pp. 300-313 (SewfoundUnd) (1884) ; B., B., ^ R.
Water-B. N. Am. i pp. 455, 456, 467, 460 (1884) ; Couet, Kiy
y. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. B88, n. 702 (18»4) ; Smmd. htrrflii Hitl.
Br. B. iv. p. 205 (1884-86) ; Monti. Buli. Soc. Aecl 1886, p. 140,
% p. 141 ; Next. Diet. t^B.p. 376 (pi. 2, 1893).
pniiopaie cansdensis, Brmdt, Iktcr. rt Ic. An. Bott. Nob., Ave», \.
1.5 (1836) ; Bp. Cat «rf. Vec. Rir. p. 69. u, 416 (1842) ; G. R.
**r. LiU B. Brit. Mu*. iii. p. 130 (1844).
t pMvipM. Com. Pr.Ae. Philad. 1852, p. 187 (Vera Crui);
( V.S. Erpl. Erped., Mamm. j- Om. p. 83« (1868).
niela (LeucoblepLamii) canadeusia, Baird, B. Ji. Am. p. xlix
(1858).
f Upmicla leueoleeraa. Murr. Edinb. New PhU. Joum. ix. p, 228
(»»r.)(1850).
t Boniela bamstoni. Sou, Caitad. Nat. vii. p. 152 (var.) (April 1862) i
U. Nat. Ui*t. Rer. (2) ii. p. 28 (1862) ; Bloki»t. ««, 1863,
§143 ; B., B., ^ R. Waler-B. N. Am. i. p. 460 (1884).
Jb cuadensiA, Bcmn. Pr. Ae. Philad. 1870, p. 131 : Couet, K^,
FS83, e 186a (1872); id. Chfck^tia, a. 485 (1873); id. B.
W.- Wnt, p. 564 (1874) ; AUm. Bull. Nutt. Om. Club, i. p, H>
flSTfl); ff. n'-. EUioU, Mon. &al Id. p. 130 (1881); A. O. U.
Cade of Nomenel. ^ Ch^k-Utl, p. 126, n. 172 (1880) ; Rid^.
Mm. N.Afn.B. p. 117, D-172 (1887); Macfarl. Pr. U.S. Nat.
Mtu. at. p 424 (Mdckeime Basin) (1801); SaHert, Eat.
foffrUamnl. ■0.2-27, a.Smi (1801); Hatch, B. of Mmna. p. 77
(1893) ; MacKay. Aidi, 1894, p. 226, 1806, p. 77 l^UaJwacbiu^tU).
LaDGoblepkaron c&iiadunee, O. S. Gr. Sartd4igt, iii. p. 76, n. 10578
(1871) J Sund. MetK. nat. Av. di^. Tent. p. 145 (1872) ; H^>. .J-
Scinw. Norn. Mut. Han. Om. p. 342 (1890).
Anasi (Breniliua) cooadenmB, B^nw. Om. Osntralbl. 1682, p. 37 ;
»i n^. tool. QUrt.-p. m (1882).
Adtdt. Uend and ncnrl}' oil ttie neck black ; chin and throat
, cxtAndiog upwards on tho cheeks and endiag in a point
bind the oar-coveitB : back, wing-coverts, aecondories, and terliab
I, tlie feathers, except those of the back, with lighter-ootoured
ytWrnp bl&ck; upper tail-corerts white; lower part of the
t white, bat rarely dtatinct; breaat and belly pale
^24 iSAmSi
brawn, graAntHj fading into the vHte of the vent and under tail-
«OTertB ; primariea and tail-feathers black : bill black ; irides daric
brown ; l^p, toM, and membranes dark lead-oolonr, almoat black.
Total length 41-42 inches, wing 15-60-21, oolmen 1-55-2-70,
taiBia 2-45-3-70. (Sidffway.)
Female. Similar to the male, but smaller.
TouHff are mnch smaller, and have the white feathers of the
cheeks edged with black,
Bab. Temperate North America, breeding In the Northern
United States and BritJeh territory, migmtiDg in winter southwards
toUexico.
2. Broata hutchinai.
Aneer csnadensii, FbU. Inee Zmn.) Zoogr. SatK-Ai. ii. p. 330
(AleDtiBH laUnds] (l^^l)-
AnM beraicla, var. ^j RieA. App. Parry't 2nd Voy. p. 368 ^182S).
Anser hutchinsii, Bteh. in Sid. S( iUcA. jFimn. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 470
(1831) 1 Xua. Man. ii. p. 363 (1834) ; Aud. Om. Biogr. iil. p. 236,
pi. 277 (1836) i Bp.Omp. Lot, p. &G (18S8) ; £W. Man. Anat. p. 9S
(1836) ; Aud. Syn. p. 271 (1638) ; id. B. Am. vi. p. 198, pi. 377
(1843) ; Liad. Am. Joam. xHv. p. S49 (Connecticut) (l84S) ;
Oiraud, B. Lang I. p. 393 (1844) ; Ftaie, V£. Expl Expied. viii.
sp. IfiS (1848) ; Schdt. Ac. Si/a. Nat., NatatoieB, Novitia, t. 104.
f. 3773 (ex Audubonf) (1850): HarU. Wiegm. Ardk. 1852, i.
p. 132; Bp. Cofitpl. Bend, iixviii. p. 664 (Califomia) (1863) ; id.
Not. Call Deiattre, p. flS (1864) ; Putn. Fr. Eu. Itut. i. p. 310
(Massachusetts) (1866) ; Srhleg. M«4. P.-B., Anseres, p. 105
(Bleucopareins, Brandt) (Mexico) (1866); ^. Syn. Anat. p. 43
(1869) ; Gi«b. 7%m. Om. i. p. 371 (1673) ; Sabh. B. Jigi. Emp.
p. 239 (1890).
Anser leucopareius, Brandt, Butt. Se. Ac. Pittnb. i. p. 37 (Aleutians)
{1886).
If (liomicla) leucopareius, Brandt, HeKr. et Icon. Anim. Sots.
18.
116
Jm. pp. B, ai (1884) : Sound. YarrtWs Hi»t. Brit. B. iv. p. 908
(1884^); Montlfz. Bull. Sor. Anl.\mb,-a.m, Stwt. Diet, or
B. p. 37« (pt. 3, 1883).
Bemiclk (Leucoblephamn) hntchinaii, Bnird, B. A'. Am. p, xlix
{1*581. ^ '^
BruiU hutchiniii, £<inn. iV. At. PhUad. 1870, p. 131.
I«umb1epharon huUhiDsii, G. R. Gr. Hand-tat, iij. p. 76, n. 1067S
OK-l).
Lt-ucoUephftron leucoparwa, (?. Ji. Gr. Hand-litt, lii. p. 76, n. 10580
(1871).
Bnata canftdends, var. hutfihinsii, Coiut, Key iV, Am. B. p. 284,
n. 4856 (1872) ; Tunitr. Auk, 1885, p. 158.
Anaei (Bmntii) cnnftdenMs, var. hutchindi, Sidgvi. Ann. Lye. N.Y.
r. p.388(niinoi8i (1S74).
Bnnta canftdeneia. c. huicbinsii, Com; B. N.-Wal. p. 554 (1874).
BernieU leucopariA, Blak. ^ Fryer, Ibu, 1878, p. 213 (Japan) : iid.
Tr. Ai. Soe. Jap. viii. p. 1S3 (1880).
B^tiucIa Mnftden«e butcnin»ii, Bitfym. Pr. U.S. Nat. Miu. JiL p. 203
<1880); id. Xom. N. Am. B. n. 594« (1882); CWa. CTteck-litt,
3aded.p. 172,a. 704(]«82).
Aiuer (Brenthu*) hutchinai, BeJinit. Om. Centraibl. 1882, n. 37;
id. Vhg. xool. Gart. p. 05 (1882).
Braubi leucoparets, Stcjn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Miu. tiji. 70 (1883).
Bemicla canndenau, y. hulchinrai, B., B., ^ B. Water-B. N. Am. i.
pp. 455, 467, 468, 464 (1884).
Beauts eansdensU hutchinai, Sifjn. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mu». no. 20,
p. 147 (1885) ; A. O. U. CWfc ufNimmei. ^ OieBk-Iitt N. Am. B.
p, 127, n. 172 a (1386) : Tamer, 0»Ur. N. H. Alaska, p. 13fl
(1886) ; Nehm, Nat. Sitt. Coll m Alatika, p. 84 (1887) ; BidffK.
Man. JV. Am. S. p. 117, n. 172 a (1887) ; Swn. Pr. U.S. Nat.
Miu. X. p. 135 (Bering I.) (1887) ; Shu/eldt, A. U.S. Nat. Mm.
xi. pp. 348-261, ff. 27, 28, 29, 30 {osteoiogj) (1988); ? Matfarl.
Pr. U.S. Nat. Mia. xiv. p. 434 (1891); HaleA, B.ef Mima.
p. 80 (1893).
" Sinilftr to B. eanadftisit, but amaller (wing lumilly lesa than
16'00 inchea; culmcn naadly less than 1-75). Length about
25-<»-34-(iO, wing 14-75-17'75, culmen 1-20-1-90, tarsas 2-25-
8-20 " (Ridffu>ay}.
Hall. " Arctic and Subarctic America ; south in winter, through
United Btat«ii, chicflj' vest of the Alleghanies ; Norlli-eBStern Asia
(Jftpuu to East«m Siberia) " (Suli/taai/).
K pp. xlii, 76S
3. Branta occidentalis.
f Iknicla canadenBis, Cati. (»ee Linn.) U.S. Expl. Exptd., Mamm.
^ Om. p. 336 (1&58) ; Sartt. J./. O. 1883, p. 282 (Alaska).
BtrnicU leucopareia. Baird (nix Brandt), B. N. Am. ]
( 1858) ; P Nnt*. Did. of B. p. 376 (pt 2, 1893).
Bmiicls occideDlftlis, Ba'trd, oju dt. p. 706 (1858) ; id. Cat. N. Am.
B. n. 567 a (18C9) ; Smnd. TarreO'f Hitt. Br. B. iv. p. 298
(1884-86): EidffV!. Pr. U.S. Nat. Max. viii. p. 22 fl885).
Bfnucla canBdeouB, var. occid^Dtalis, Ho// 4" Bonn. Tr. Chit. Ae. i.
p. 206 (1800) 1 iaitr. Mtm. Bait. Soc. N. H. li. p. 363 (Durango)
tl874).
BendcU canadeoBis, var. lencopareia, Coaet, Xey, p. 284 (1872).
i2
finnU Cfmadeiuis, 6. lencopsrdB, p&rt^ Catui, B. K.-Wat, p. 664
(1874).
BernicU canadeiuia, put., Selat. 8r 8alr. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 362
(Dumogo, Hezico).
BenuclA canadensis occidentals, Ridgie. iV. 71.8. Nat. Mm. iiL
p. 208 (1880) ; id. Nom. N. Am. £. n. fi94 c (1881) ; Oauet, Eg^
N. Am. 5. 2nd ed. p. 688, n. 702a (1884).
BemicUcftnodensiBi^.ocddeDtalis, £.,£., j- Ji. Water-B. N. Am.\.
p. 466 (1884).
Bnmta canadensis occidentaliB, Ridatii. Pr. U.S. Nat, Jlttu. viu.
p. 866 (1886) i A. O. U. Codt of Nomen^ ^ Checkout N. Am. B.
p. 127, a 172 b (1886) ; NeUon, Nat. Hilt. CoU. n Alatka, p. 66
(1887) ; Eidgw. Man. N. Am. B. p. 117, n. 172 6 (1887) ; Maqfarl.
Pr. U.S. Nat. Mm. liv. p. 424 (1881).
AduU. " Lower parts deep greyisli brown or browniali f^y
(often not conspicnoosly paler than upper parts), abruptly defined
against white of anal region ; white cheek-patches nanally separated
hj & black throat^tripe, or black mottling on throat ; white collar
Tonnd lower neck asnallf very distinct in winter plumage ; tail-
fetthers usoally 18*00-20-00. Total length about 35 inches, wing
16-25-18-00, eulmen 1-40-1-65, tarBOs 3-05-3-25.'' (Bidgway.)
. Bab. " North-west coast of America; north to Ktka; aouUi in
winter to California" (Sidgwa]/).
(Branta tanadentii ; S. hatehiiui; B. oeeiAntalit.)
o, (. Ad. St. N. America. Purehaaed.
0, d. Ad. ak. Brit. Columbia {J. K. Lord). N. America Bonndary
Oonus. [P.].
e, Ad. sk. IVaser River, Brit Oolnmbia N. America Boundary
{J. K. L.). Comm. [P.l.
f. Ad.ak. 4eth Parallel (J. J: Z.).
18. BBAKU.
117
BracU canadends, rar. leueopBTMS, Qiut* in EUiot't Affair* to
Almka, p. 190 (1875) {nee Sfy, 1B72, p, 2&1, which^B. occiden-
lalis, Baird) ; Coua, Cheek-Utt, n. 48ofl (1873).
fienticln canadenBis leucopareis, Bidgtc. Norn. y. Am. S. n. 694 b
(1881) i Coaet, Checkrltit, 2nd ed. p. 112, n. 703 (part.) (1882) :
id. Kfif N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 689 (1884).
Bermcbi canHdensis, A. leucoporeia, B.,B., Sf R. Water-B. N.Am, i,
pp.-lot!,4-'>7,4Ji9(ld84).
Branla miaiiua, Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mia. viji. p. 23 (1886J.
Bnmta cHDideiiBis niiniroa, Kidgv:. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. vili. p. S6S
11885): A. 0. U. Code of Nomenet. J^ Check-list N. Am. B.
p. 127. n. 172 c (1886); Totomatd, Auk, 1887, p. 12 (breeding;
Kowak R., N. Alaaka) ; Tuiwr, Contr. N. H. of Alaika, p. 138
(1866) ; Ndtm, Nat. Hitt. Call, in Atatht, p. 86 (1887) ; Si^
Man. N. Am. B. p. 117 (1887).
Beniicla munrou, Rothsch. Ana. S( Mag. N. H. (6) I. p. 108 (1892)
{Kauai, Swidwich Islands) {fype exatttined=taaujan).
Bimil'U' to B. canaden^, but very much emaUer. Lower parta
deep greyish brown or brownish grey (often not oonspicuoualy paler
tliAo the upper parts), abruptly defined against white of anal region ;
the feathers of the nuderparts have paler edges; white cheek-
patches nsnally separated by a black stripe of spotting on the throat,
ftod lower part of neck encircled by a more or less distinot white
cdlar; tail-feathera usually 14r-16. Total length about 23-25
inche*, wing 13-60-14-50, culmen 0-95-1 -15, tarsuB ii-40-2-75.
Ball. Pacific coast of North America, breeding chlefiy about the
ahorea of Norton Sound and the Lower Yukon, but extending to
Kut<ebue Sound and along the Arctic coast to the vicinity of Point
BttRow ; south in winter to California, and more rarely to Upper
HiwiMippi Valley (Wisconsin, Sc); it strays to tho Sandwioh
Iilsads.
m,k,e. (J? ad.
•tpulLsk.
St. KGchaers, Alaaks, June, Oct. Salvin-Godnian CoU.
(£: m Nfhon).
Eotttk, mouth of Yukon K., Salviu-OodmBn Coll.
Alnuka. May {E. H'. Nelton).
5 ad-sk. Grey's Harbour, Washington Salrin-Godmsn Coll.
Teraiory, Dec. {Iknihawj.
5. Branta leucopsifl.
The Bamaclo or Bemacle Goose.
BCTnicls. Briu. Or... TJ. p. 300 (1760).
Bemicla minor, Britt. ™. eil. a. 302 (1760) (juv.).
jXnna bsmkU, part., Unn. S. N. i. p. 108, n. 13 (1760).
*■ Auaa hrota, O. F. Mall. Zool. Dan. P.odr. p. H (1770).
Ueruache, IfAubent. Pt. Bal. 855; Buff. Hitt. Nat. Ou, ix. p. S3
(1783).
Anu BtTthropui, Gm. (nee Linn.) S. N. i. 2, p. fll2, n. 11 (1788) ;
tath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 848, n. 31 (1790).
Abm ervthropHS, 3, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 844 (1790).
Anseremhropua, Bonn. (nrcLimi.) Ene. Milk. i.p. 120, n. 28 (1790) ;
Zf». Alan. d'On. u. p. 406 (1828) ; Deal. On. Eur. ii. p. 402;(1B49).
Anu leucopns, Bedul. Om. Tatcheni. ii. p. 424 (1803); Ttmm.
Man. p. 631 (1815) ; td. op. at. 2Dd ed. ii. p. B23 (1820).
AiiMr leucOTWe, SackU. Oem. Nattm. DtuUdd. 3nd ed. it. p. 931
(1809) ; rteOl. N. D. xxiii. p. 329 {1818} ; Dtmoid, Diet. 8c. Nat,
— „™-, „ „ y^j (1828); Zeit. Tr. fOm.
.. p. 356 (1834) ; Jm. Mm,
. p. 609, pi. 296 (1835) ; id.
Afo. p. 271 (1639) ; Bp. Camp. Lut, p. 50 (1838) ; Eyt. Mm,
Anat. p. 86 (1838) ; Xa/i. ^ Blai. WirMlA. Eur. pp. Ixaxiii, 224
(1840) ; JVoum. rdg. BeutMchl. a. p. 378, Taf. 291 (1842) ; Aud.
B. Am. Ti. p. 200, pi. 378 (184S) ; SehUg. Bev. Cril. p. 11 (1844) ;
Middaid. Reu. Sanr. a. 2, ■p. 228 [Sihetia?) (1861); WaOtiiffr,
Kaummmia, 1864, p. 268 (Scandinavia) ; nortU, Bidr. Spitib.
Moliuskf. p. 60 (1869) ; Blae. tn Nmm. Vog. DeuttcAl. niL 2,
p. 296 (1863); Maimm: <E/v. K. Va.-Ak. Fork. 1863, p. 106;
hmnh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 323 (ex Midd.) ; Schkg. Mtu. P.-B.,
Anwrea, p. 104 (1666) ; Lttwr. Am. Nat. t. p. 10 (1871) ; OiA.
The*. Om. i. p. 372 (1872) ; Nordenik. Voy. V^a, i. p. 126 (1881)
(Spitabergen & NoTua Zemlia) ; Seebh. Eiit. Br. S. iii. p. C12,
pi. 60 (egg) (1885).
Aaser bemicU, PaU. {nee Lirm.) Zoogr. Ro»to-A». it. p. 230 (1811) ;
ieoeA, Cat. p. 37 (1816) ; FUm. Bnt. An. p. 127 (1828).
Bernicla leucopus, Bote, Itit, 1822, p. S63; JSinip, Sac Ent. aa:
Thierw. p. 25 (1829) ; Brehm, Handb. Vog. DeutmU. p. 847 (1831) ;
Eyt. Cat. Br. Bj. 62 (1636) ; MacgiJln. Man. ii. p. 160 (1842);
Bp. Cat. Met. Uee. Eur. p. 70, n, 424 (1842) ; HarU. Suit. Ven.
Get. MtiM. p. 117 (1844) ; O. R. Gr. lAtt B. Brit. Mtu. ui. p. 128
(1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii. p. 607, n. 2 (1844) ; Bchnb. Sjf«. Av.,
Natetorea, t. 97. S. 230-231 (1846); Bp. Compt. Said. iliu.
p. 648, n. 31 (1866) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 768 (1868) ; id Cat.
N. Am. B. n. 572 (1859) ; id. Am. Nat. ii. p. 49 (Hudson Bay) ;
Beinh. Jhit, 1861, p. 12 (Oreenland) ; G. B. Or. Litt Br. B.
p. 184 (1863); Mahngr. <^. K. Vet.-Ak. Fork. 1864, p. 89S;
JievH. lbi», 1865, p. 513; Degl. ^ Gerbe. Om. Eur. ii. p. 488
■""57); -Ey/. V- -^no'-p- 33 (1869); Mnlmgr. IbU, 1SC9, p. 230
itsberBen) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 629 (breediDg); Malmgr.
f. O. 1670, p. 303; FriUck, Vog. Eur. p. 401, Taf. 145.
IS. BUItlA.
u»
Branta leocopua, Bann. Pr. Ae. PhUad. 1671, p. 131 ; Q»it», Key,
p. 283 (KffS)! id. Oieek-Iui, n. 483 (1873)! id. B. N.-We»t,
p, 568 (1ST4) i B., B., ^ R. Water-B. N. Am. i. p. 474 (1884) ;
SalBod. El. Uee. Ital. p. 363, n. 351 (lUlrt (1886) ; Sidgw. Man.
JV. Avt. B. p. 117, n. 175 (1887) ; Schnw. J./. 0. 1890. p. 81 ; iJu*.
Fawi. Verl. Bdg., Oil. a. p. 385, pi. 242 (1891); HarUrt, Sal.
VogrUamml. p. 227, u. 3367 (1881).
.\Dser (BreaLhue) leucopsis, Bdinw. Om. CfntraOtl. 1882, p. 37;
id. I'dg. toU. Gdrt. p. 66 (1832).
Adtdt male. Forehead, cheeks, and ctiia white ; a streak from the
b««k to the eye, top of the head, nape, all the neck, and iater-
acftpulais bUok ; rump bluish black ; upper tail-coverts white ;
bnttst and belly grayish white : venl and under tail-coverts pure
white ; flanks and thighs tinged with grey in bars ; scapulars,
wing-coverts, and tertiale lavender-grey, tipped with a crescent of
blnieh black, and an extreme edge of white ; pritQBries and tail-
feathers almost block : bill, legs, toes, membranes, and claws black ;
iridea dark brown. Total length 25'5-28 inches, wing 16, tail 5'5,
cnlmen 1-37, tarsus 2-'A.
FemaU. A little smaller than the mole.
Yotaig. The whit« of the cheeks varied with black feathera ; the
ends of the feathers on the back and of the wing-covert« tinged
with rufous ; the flanks barred with darker grey, and the legs less
black than in the adults.
I have seen on the waters of Battersea Park, in London, a
liring hybrid between this speeice and some kind of Goose (?); it
has the K'hite on the heail much more extended, the legs yellow,
and the general colouring paler brown than in B. leueopng.
Ball. Greenland, Iceluud, Spitsbergen, and Navaia Zemlia, where
}trobal>ly it breeds ; passes on migration iilong the shores of Scan-
dinavia to winter in the Baltic, and on the coasts of Denmark,
Holland. England, and Northern France ; seldom straggling to
Ci'Dtral and Southern Europe ; casually
Koftfa America.
Ad. St.
.. Plili St
/k. <J 2 ad. sk.
k S ad. skeleton.
*, Z Skeletons.
6. Branta hernicla.
Bmt-Oouse.
Aiwer tonuatus, Friich, fiiff. DeuUdd. ii. Taf. 1<J0.
BreoU, BriM. Ont. vi. p. 304, pi. xxu, CI760),
Abu beniicU, Linn. S. iV. i, p. 108, n. 13 (p8rt.)(]7efl) ; Om. S. N.
L 2, p. 613, n. 13 (1788) ; ZalJi. Ind. Ont. a. p. 844, n. 32 (1790) ;
Brcht. Om. T(ucht«h. ii. p. 424, n. 11 (1803) ; WO*. Am. Om.
viii. pi. 72. f. 1 (1^14) i Temm. Man. d'Om. p. 631 (1815) ; id.
«. nf. 3nd ed. ii. p. 824 (1820); iScoreibi/, Ace. Arct. Brg. i.
p. 637 (1S20) ; Rant. EU di Zool. iii. 9, p. 01 ()63Q) ; Wtmtr,
1 the Atlantic ooast of
Great Britain.
Cumbertoad.
Devonshire.
Holland.
Holland.
!»urchased.
Col. Montagu GoU.
Purchased.
H. J, ISke, Esq. [P.l
H. J. HkB, Esq. [P.J-
England.
J. Hay, Esq. [P.].
Atlas, PalmipMes, pi. 33 (1628) ; Sou, in Parry'* Narr., App.
p. 196 (1628) ; XeM. jlf<iii. d^Om. ii. p. 40S (1838) ; id. Tr. d'Om.
p. 627, n. 8 (1881).
Kranta beniicU, Soim. Arm. I. H. N. p. 67, n. 84 (1760) ; Bonn.
Pf. Ae. Pkiiad. 1870, p. 131 ; O. R Gr. Hand4iU, m. p. 7«.
n. 10676 (1871) ; Couet, Key, p. 284 (1872) ; id. Chedi-Utt,
n. 484 (1873) ; id. B. S.- Wat, p. 666 (1874) ; A. O. U. Code <•/
Jfommel. ^ Cheeh-liit N. Am. B. p. 127, it. 173 (1886) ;
Salvad. El. Uce. Ilal. p. 263, n. 362 (1886) ; JfUhnw. J.f. 0. 1890,
p. 61 ; Harftrt, KaL VogrUamml. p. 227 (1891) ; Hateh, B. of
Minuet, p. 61 (1892) ; MaeKmf, AtJc, 1894, p. 224 (Musk^st I.).
AnM brenU, Tumi. Om, Brit. p. 4 (1771).
Oca eolombaccio, Gerini, Star, degli Ucc. v. TaS. 682 (1776).
CraTant, D'Aubent. PI. EaL 342; Buf. Bi»t. Kat. Oit. ix. p. 87
(1783).
Brent Ooo«e, Laa. S^/n. iii. 2, p. 467, n. 27 (1786).
Aiuer beniicla, Bonn. Ene. Mith. i. p. 121, pi. 32. f. 4 (1790) ; Ilt^.
Prodr. p, 277 (J811); Bp. Aim. iyc JV. F. p. 378 (1826); id.
Syn. p. 378 (1828) ; Sw. | JHch. Faun. B.-A. u. p. 469 (1631) ;
Savi, Om. Tote. iii. p. 180 (1831) ; Ntdi. Man. ii. p. 369 (1834) ;
Sw. Clou. B. ii. p. 366(1837); And. Om. Biogr. v. p. 610, pi. 391
(1839); id. Syn. p. 272 (1839); Seiyi-L. Faun. Belp. i. p. 139
(1642) ; Aud. B. Am. vi. p. 203, pi. 370 (1843) ; SdiUg. Btv.
OA. p. ex (1844); G^uJ,B.i;<»t^J.p.293(1844); DfKay, S.r.
ZooL p. 351 (1644) ; Dtgl. Om. £ur. ii. p. 404 (]849) ; f MOd.
Beit. O.-mir. p. 228, Taf. ui. f. 1 (pullua) (1851) (Taimjr River.
Boganida, breeding) ; Wallenffr. Naumannia, 1854, p. 209 (Scandi-
navia) ; MOIL J.f. O. 1866, p. 231 (PrOTanco) ; Putn. Pr. Em.
Ittit. 1. p. 219 (1866) ; &hUg. Vog. Nederl. pi. 286 (1858) ; Thordl,
Bidr. Spittb. Mottuikf. p. 60 (1859) ; Maimffr. (Fft. K. Vet.-Ak.
Fork. 1863, p. 106; id. J. f. 0. 1863, p. 377 (Spitsbergen);
ScAUg. Mui. P.-B., Anseres, p. 105 (part.) (1866) ; DrosU, Voffelw.
Nwdteeint. Borkum, p. 287 (1869) ; Qieb. TAa. Om. i, p. 368
(part.) (1872).
' 18 monachua, Beieke {«te Scop.), Vbg. Eurl. \
15. BSAirri,
121
Or. Zitt Oen. B. p. 73 (1 840) : Bp. Qit. Met. U<x. Eur. p. 70, n. 425
{18*2); G.R.Gr.LittB. Brit. Mv».ai.p.l2».»i<f€im.'i,b(l»U);
iii. 6<m. B. iii. p. 607, n. 1 (1844) : HaHl. Suit. Ven. Gei. Mvs. p. 117
(1»U); Bduib. S(m.^r., Nitlatoies, t. ($7. ff. S28~S0 (1845): id.
Ae.&iiit.SaU^.ix(\^2)% W'worfA. Si^.&j.. p. 103 (1h53); J5p.
L\mpt. Rmd. xliii. p. 648, n. 33 (1856) ; Baird, B. N. Am, p. 767
(1«8) ; id. Cat. N. Am. B. a. 570 (1859J ; Moan* & Sturge, Ibis,
1*59, p. 167 (W. SpEtsberfTBO) ; Homeytr, J. f. O. 1650, p. 370;
BantH. I/>U, 1860, p. S65 (Hudson'* Bfty) : Walka-, ibid. pp. 166,
167 (Omtiluid): Sclat. ibid. p. 303 (ege) ; Bank. Jbi», 1H61,
p. 1-J (OreenUnd); Som, Omad. Nat. vii. p. 162 (18Ci2): id,
Jfat. Hilt. Bev. (3) ii. p. 287 (1862) ; VrrriU, Pr. Em. Intt.
1882. p. 163; Blnkitt. Ibit, 1803, p. 145 ; Attttm. J. f. O. 1«03,
p. 120; DroiU, J./. O. 1864, p. 428(BorInim); Mal»iffr. (Eft. K.
»V^-vlA.KrA.1864,p.3M;iVp«rt.i/.«,1865,p.512{Spit»betwen);
yialmgr. J.f. 0. Mm, p. 209 (SpitebergeD); DroiU, aW. p.»42;
DrtM. Ibi», 1866, p. 43 (Teiwi) ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. t. viU.
p. 396 (1806) ; Degl. ^ Oerbe. Om. Eur. U. p. 48» f 1867) ; Dro^,
J. /. O. 1967, pp. 65, 8fl; TVwfr. Ibii, 1888, p. 328 (PaleBtine) ;
ft««, iV, Ea. JmU vl p. 298 (1868) ; GilUtt, Ibii, 1870, p. 308
(SovBva Zeiulva) ; FrUi^, Nt^un/. Fog. Eur. p. 402, Taf. 45.
t 2 (1870); Malmj/r. J. f " "'^"' ""'
. / O. 1870, pp, 287, 304 ; Couet, Fr.
North Carolina); Hmgl. J.f. O. 1871,
1S72, p. 63 (NovajaZetnlin) ; SluH.
.„ , . '"gl. J.f. O. 1872, p. 120 (Noyaja
,); Garrad, P. Z. S. 1878. p. 638, f. 5!(mQ8cle») ; Gmdd,
Ae. Fhilad. 1871, p. 36 (North Carolina); ffeugl. J.f. O. 1871,
S104 tSpitubergen) : W. Ibii, 1872, p. 63 (NovajaZetnlio) ;
. ofEmpt. p. 281 (1872) ; ffeugl. J.f O. 1872, p. 120 (K
Zeiidia)-. r ■ - " " ■— ~ - "
. 1290
H B. Or. Brit. v. pL 7 (1673) ; Jteiigl. Om. If.'O.-Afr. ii.
■ (1873) : Bfstli, Bull. Soe. Oeogr. March 1875 ; i)reu. o. aur.
H Ti. p. 38B, pi. 415. {. 2 (pto. 83, 04. 1877) ; Frtld. P. Z. S. 1877,
^m p. 32 (brr«diiiff, Polu IBaain); id. B>is, 1877. p. 412; Sekmiilt,
■ >. Z. S. 1880, p. 317; Sciat. P. Z S. 1880, p. 502; Ridgw. Norn.
■ A'. Am. B. n. 5B5 (1881): Amte. P. Z. S. 1882. p. 65-2 (Fmnx-
H Jowf Land): Court. CAeck-liH, 2nd ed. p. 112, n. 700 (1882);
I "^
■ iv'
■ w
■
■ Bei
I "^
L
Br. B. p. 117 (1883); St^at. Lxtt Vrrt. An. 8th ed. p. 419 (1883) ;
Comet, Kiy N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 687, %. p. 666, n. 7()0 (1684) ; B.,
S.,ifB. Watfr-B. N. Am.lv- 467 (imj: Sound. rarrelCi Hid.
Br.B.iv.v.2'Mlli<>ii~S6)iBrdd.P.Z.S. 1885, p. 843 (anatomy);
.Vontlm. Bull. S-x-Atel. 1886, p. 134 (fig. p. 135); Trittr. <M.
Catf.^. p. 54(1889); Saiadtri, Man. Brit. fiiriAi, p. 339 (1890);
RutfU, Zool. (2) xiv. pp. 63-69 (Ebscs) (1890) ; Payton, /Mt,
18»l,p. 21MJ(Miirocco).
Bwniclii n:l«uco|iaeler, C. L, Brekm, lint, 1830, p. BS>6(deacr. nulla);
id. Jlandh. Vog. DndtcU. p. 840 (1831); id. Naumannia, 1S5S,
p. 297.
Demicla micropus, C.L. Brrfim. Itit, 1830,0.096; id. fog. Dnitmhl.
p. 8.1»(|8.11); id. h'autnanftia, 1865, p. 297 ( = vap.plBucofra*tet).
cmiclA I'lalvuros, C. L.Brehm, Itit, 1830. v.99Q: id. T'ag. IkulteM.
V. S.V1 t iml) ; id. Naumannia, 1856, p. 297.
IkrnicU c'lltiriB, C. Z. Brrkm, Itit, 1830. p, 096 ; «l, Vog. DeutockL
-- - ' ■ --.56,p. ^-(=v, •
p. 861 (1831); id. Naumannia. 18.56, p. 207(=vnr.glaucoeBater).
p«ips MnegiU. Man. Br. Om. ii. p 151 (1842)
C. L. BrtAm, rogrifang, p. 368 (1655) ; ii Nauinan-
97.
glaucogaster, Bp. Cumpl. Rend, xliii, p. 648,
p. 145 (1872)
a pallida,
, 18.M, p. 2
Bemicla bivnta,
n. 33 a (1856).
Btentbu* b«nurta. Sunrf. -VpM. not. Av, dltp. Tn
Jlein. Sf. BeJinto. Nam. Miu. Hein, Om. p. 342 (
Brauta bemicU, Bmgl. Btit. Nor^xtlarmeer, iii. p. 133 (1874).
Anser (Brenthus) torqustus, ScAnto. Om. CmttraOl. 1882, p. S7 ;
id. rag. coot. GSH. p. 66 (1882).
Anser brenta gUncoga^r, Stebh. Hid. Br. Bird*, iii. p. 606 (1886).
BnuU brenta, IhOoit, Faun. Beig., Oim. ii. p. 3SS, pi. 243 (Lin.
143-162, 1862).
Advlt mdU. He&d, neck, and breast sooty-blaok, ahatply defined
from the brown-grey ooloor of the upper and onder puts ; two
white patches, with some admixtnre of black, on the sidea of the
neck ; romp brown-black ; upper tail-coverts, vent, and under tail-
corerta white; the featheia of the npper and under parts with
somewhat light«r edgings, quite distinct and whitish on the flanks ;
quills and tail-feathers browni^ black ; under wing-ooverts brown-
grey : bill black ; iiides dark brown ; tarsus, toes, and webs black,
with an olire-green tinge upon the tarsal joint and the upper
surface of the toes. Total lengUi about 21 in<die8, wing 13, tail S'6,
onlmen 1-5, taraus 2*1.
FeniaU. Similar Xo the male, but a little smaller.
Toang. Paler than the adults ; no white patches on the aides of
the neck ; the dark colour of the upper breast scarcely darker than
the underparta ; no white edgings to the feathers of the flanks ;
wing-coverts with oonspicaoos pale edges, almost white on the
median and greater ones ; seoondaries with white tips.
In this species there seem to be two forms — a dark-bellied one
{B. hemida), which, according to Mr. Seebohm, breeds in tbe
Taimyr peninsula, Noraia Zemlia, Franz-Josef Land, and 8ints-
beigen ; and a light-bellied one (B. glaueogatter), which lives in
Arctic America, from the west coast of Greenland as far west as
the Parry Islands. I would have kept the two forms separate if
it were not liat a specimen from Noraia Zemlia, mentioned below,
belongs to the light-bellied form, aad, moreover, this bird haa the
J. Ad. ct.
. $ aO-tk,
' DiscoTMT.'
Dr. lUe fP.f.
St.Patrick'aBay,Jaii.(C.flart). Voy. of H.M.S.
' Disco ve^.'
CromArtr Bay, Feb. ( If. E. 0. O. H. Qnintin, Esq.
Oranl). [P.J.
Devonshire. Col. MonUgu [P.l
Seebohm ColL
._.__.. . , . , ...... Seebohm Coll.
. Ad. ale, TU.* Novaia Zemlia, June. H. W. Feilden fud
n. Brown [C.].
«,p,f. Stenu.
h, UDderparta dark grey or brown,
r. (f«d.ak.,TaT.« Cookham, Nov, { IT. £r^y«> Tweeddale GoU.
s. Ad. sk., Tar.» DeTonahire. Col. Montagu [P.].
t,it. Imm.ctjuv. Maldou, Essex {Major RusscU). Seebohm. CmU.
7. Bnmta nigricanB.
Anu bernicla. Prim. i»tc Linn,) in Cuok's I'oj/. Padf. ii. p. 368
(KaiutKhatka) [1TS4).
Aiwer brenla, part., Pall. Zortffr. Eoito-At. ii. p. 229 {ex Amenu)
(1811) i ? SmnA. P. Z. S. 1803, p, 323 (China).
Anwr nigricBiiB, Lawr. Ann. I^. N.T.vr. p. 171, pi. lii. (1846);
Barti, Naumaimia, 1662, p. 2 ; Stthh. Hut. Br. B. iii. p. 508
(]e«5) ; (A B. Jap. £mp.j. 240 (1890).
Bnvicla usricaiia, G. E. Gr. Gen. B., App. p. 27 (1849) ; C^.
/tfwfr. ^. CW)/. p. 52, pi. X. (1863); Bp. Compl. Bend, xliii.
p. 61S, n, 34 (1866) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 767 (1858) ; id. Cot.
y. Am. B. n. 671 (1859); (hop. Jj- Suckl. N. H. Waih. Terr.
p. 252 (1860) ; Blakiit. IbU, 1863, p. 145 ; Zairr. Ann. Luc. iV. Y.
«ii. p. '29Q (Long Isl.) (1867) ; Brmat, Ibu. 1868. p. 435 (Vaii-
eouver 1.) ; Datl ^ Banti. Tr. Chic. Ae. i. p. 29-5 (.\laaka) (1869) j
liaU. Avif. Aleut. III. Wat. Unal. p. C (1874) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880,
p. 602; Xehon, BuIL NuU. On. Club, ri. pp. 131-138 (1881);
Xidgw. Norn. N. Am. B. n. 596 (I&32) ; Bean, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mui.
1882, p. 166; A'ei. OwVe ' Corvnti,' p. 94 (1883); SmM. Urn,
1884, p. ITo (Japan) ; 3lttki»t. Amend. Liit B. Jap. p. 3S (1884) ;
B.. B., 4- E. Water-B. JVi Am. i. p. 471, L p. 472 (1884) ; Sound.
TarreWt Jlitt. Brit. B. iv. p. 203 (1884-86) ; Murd. Exped. to
iWnfBarroiD, p. 117(1886); MontL Bull. Soc. Aixi.l%m,-D.\S7 ;
Nrwt. Diet. ofB. p. 375 (pt. 2, 1803).
Anae bsmida, KitU. (nee Lmn.) Denkw. il. p. 381 (1868).
Ajwer beraida, part., SchUg. Mu». P.-B., Aneerea, p. 103 (1866) ;
Gift. Thes. Om. i. p. 360 (part.) (1872).
Brsnta nigricans, Bonn. Pr. Ae. PkUad. 1870, p. 131 ; O. R. Gr.
Bimd-lut, iii. p. 76, n. 10570 (1871) ; «^. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mut.
no. 28, p. 149 (1885) ; Turwr, Contr. N. S. Alaska, p. 141 (1886) ;
A.O. U. Codeo/Noau^ Cheek4itt,p. 128, n. 174 (1886) ; Eidgw.
Man. N.Am. B.\>. 118,0.174(1887); NtU. Bep. N. U. Coll. in
Alaika, p. 87 (1887) ; Stejn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 135 (Bering 1.)
(1887); Maefitrl. I'r. U.S. Nat. Mu». liv. p, 424 (Liverpool Bay
and Fmnkliu Bay) (1891); Hatdt, B. of Min>te>. p. Si (\tm).
* Wbila palohat of ths nack nearly meeting in front.
SnnU bemicls, var. ninicaiu, Oouea, Keg, p. 284, £ 184 A (1873).
Bntnta bernick, b. nirncftiui, Caaa, B. N.- Wttt, p. 567 (1874).
BmucU torauBta, BkMil. k Pn/^ (f^ BeiAtt.), Ibit, 1878, «■ 212
- (Japan) ; ad. TV. Ai. Soc. Jap. viiL p. 163 (1880), x. p. 06 (1683^.
B«niicU brebta nigricuis, Couf», CheckrKri:, 2dA ed. p. 112, n. 701
(1882) i id. Kty N. Am. B. 2Dd ed. p. 688, n. 70, f. p..0d7 (1884) (
Cory, Auk, i. p. 96 (MaaeachuMtU) (1384).
' Anser (Brenthus) mgricanH, BchntD. Om. anlraibL 1882, p. 37.
BemicU breuta, nt. uigricaiu, Seebh. Ibii, 1864, p. 32 (Yokohama).
Anger torquatiw, Brandt {nee Fritek), J.f. 0. 1891, p. 267.
Similar to B. bernicla, but with a conspicuoue collar of white
interrupted only on the nape, the white marks on each side of. ti»
neck meeting together in firont ; belly ahnoat bs blai^ as the .
breast ; bill and feet deep bkck ; tarsi black (?). Total length
22-29 inches, wing 13-70^ 13-40, culmen 1-20-1-35, tarsus 2-20-
2-W.
Ttning, Similar to adnlt, but collar indistinct or obsolete, the
larger wing-ooverta and secondaries broadly tipped with whit«, and
heathen of sides and flanks snifonn brownish grey, withont white
ffab. Western Arctic America, and across Bering Stndts as far
88 the valley of the Lena {Seebdkm), migrating eonth in winter along
rtiia Pacific coast to Lower California, and very rarely straying to
the Atlantic coaxt (Long Island); along the Eastern Asiatic coast
it extends to Japan,
a. Ad. sk, NagBsaJfi, Jamn,
')), c, d. Ad. et Yokohama {E. Pryer).
jOT. sk.
.fc Ad. bL Yokoharaa (ff. Pryer\. CapL Blakiston [P.].
/. Ad. at St. Juan de Fuca, Vancouver Capt Eellett and
" Lieu' '■'--' ''•■'
IS. DBAKTl.
125
(1832); AT. 4- £. WirbeUA. Eur. pp, li«iii, 234, n. 300 (1840) ;
2iaum. Viig. DnUschl. xl. p. 408, t. 203 (J) (1S42): S<My. Rev.
CHt. p. cxi (1644); Midd. Jteit. SAir. ii. 2, p. 229, pi. xi. f. 3
(tgg) (leCl); Kjm-b. Om. Dan. U 45 (18o2); WaUengr. Nau-
mamiia, 1B54, p. '269 (Scandinaiia) ; .Viirtiii, J./. 0. 1856, p. 94
(captiTe) ; Slat, in Xaum. Tog. Deutschl. liii. 2, p. 297 (1^) ;
ArmA. P. Z. S. 1863. p. 323 ; Schim. Mas. P.-B., Anseree, p. 102
(1806); SHnd. SvaukaFogl. pi. 82. f. 2 (1872) ; Seeih. R Z. S.
1877, p. 806 (egg) ; id. Hut. Br. B. ni. p. 615, pi. 61 (egg) (1885) ;
Sttxrb. ZeittAr. ga. Om. 1887, p. 22.
Aims torqiuia, S. G. Gm. Btite RhuI. u. p. 179, t. 14 (1774) ; Om.
& y. i. 2. p. 514, n. 70 (1788).
Anae pulchricoUiB (errore), Georgi, Reue Ruts. Reich, p. ](t7 (1776).
Klnne Ktuzarka, Ltpech. Seit. Sum. Reichet, ii. Aaliaiig, p. 183
(1775).
CtMrkn minor. I>peeh. ffnii. p, 296, t. 5 (1775).
Bed'hreasted Goose, iHn. Aret. Zool. ii. p. 571 { 178o) ; Zati. Apt.
iU. 2, p. 456, II. 17 (1786).
Amu Tuficollia, Lath. Gen. S^h. Suppl. i. p. 297 (1787) ; Gm. S. N.
i. 2, p. 6U, n. 67 (17M) ; LtOA. Ind. Om. ii. p. 841. ii.23 (1790) j
Lnom, B. Gr. Brit. nii. p. 6 (rue pi. 241) (1794) ; Ber&if. Om.
Tasc\a,b. ii- p. 425 (1803); Seicicfc, Br. Ii. ii. p. 289 (1805);
T«iRni. Man. iTOra. p. 533 (1816) ; id. Man. Sod ed. ii, p. 826
(1830); ti'entr, Athu, PftlmipWes, pi. 34 (1826); Leis. Tr.
(fOrn. p. 628(1881).
Aiwer torquatua, Bonn, (nee Friirh), Snc. Mtth. i. p. 122, n. 31
(1790).
fienuclft ruficoUis, Boie, Ita, 1822, p. 563; SUpk. Gm. Zool. xti. 2,
p. C3, pL 43 (1824) ; Brtbn,, /jru, 1830, p. 993 : Gvuld, S. Ear. t.
pL 351 (1837) i Eyt. Man. Atiat. p. 66 (1838) ; Bp. Gmp. Lttt,
p. 66, n. 402 (1638); id. Qd. Met. Ucc. Eur. p. 70, n. 429
(1842) i G. R. Gr. Litl B. Brit. Mm. ui. p. 128 (Berwick) (1844) ;
id. Gen. B. m. p. 007, n. 8 (1844); Rchib. Sgn. Ai:. Nalatorea,
t. 97. S. 233, 234 (1845); LiekC. yomencl. Av. p. 100 (18641;
J)mJ. ^ Qer6e, Oit. Eur. ii. n. 490 (1867) ; Ei/t. %n. Anal. p. 32
(18BB)i GiffL Ibi; 1869. p. 242 (Itolj); V Bliflh. Ibi; 1870,
p. 176 (Kagpore) ; Gould, B. Gr. Brit. v. pL 6 (pi. uriiL, 1870) ;
Elteet ^ BucU. lbi>, 1870, p. 339 (Macedonia); Maimer. J./. 0.
1870, p. 305; Dyb. J.f. O. 1873, p. 108 (Irkulacli) ; lirag. B. of
Bur. vi. p. 403, pi. 416 (pu. 61, 52, 1876) ; Taa. Bull. Soc. Zo^.
Fr. ii. p. 48 (1877) ; JVwcA, Ibit, 1877, p, 62 ; id. FerA. i.-b.
Get. mea, 1879, p. 2G0 (W. Siberia) ; Sdat. P. Z. H. 1880,
p. G03; Paimia, Med. Sae. Fean. Tii. p. 144 (E^imlniid) (1881) ;
Own. /6u, 1881, p. 495 (HoUaod) ; B. O. U. Li*t Brit. B.p. 119
(1883); Sdat. Lut Vert. An. 8th ed. p, 419 (1883); Radde,
OnmOaucei.v- 141 (1884) ; Sound, i'arrelh Uiat. Br. B. iv. p. 281
with fig. (1884-85) ; Badee, Zeitechr. ge*. Om. ISai, p. 48, p!. iv.
(rar.l; Moatlta. Bull. Soc. AecUm. 1886, p. 140, gg. p. 150;
7>»fr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 51 (Lenkoran) (1889); Saumiert, Man.
Brit. Birdi, p. 396 (1889) ; Liiford, Cot. Figt. Br. B. pt. uti. pL —
(1892) ; Neuit. Did. of B. p. 376 (pt. 2, 1893).
L«ucopM«iA niiicollis. SchrA. Av. Soil. A'a/. p. ix (1862).
Bermrla (Rirtibreata) ruUcoUis, Bp. Cotnpt. Rmd. xliti. p. 046,
B. 36 (18S6).
KnfibrenW nificollis. G. R. Or. Hand-Utt. iii. p. 7t<, n. 10583 (1871 ).
AiiMi (Beniicla) rulicoliid, Lemetteil, Bull. Soe. Zuol. Fr. v. p, 75
(Lower Seine) (1880).
Aluer (BreDthnt) rnflcollis, ilcAme. Om. OaOralU. 1882, p. 37 ; lU.
VSg. tod. Odri. p. 66 (188S).
Bnnta nificoUii, Salvad. EL Uet. Hal. p. 364, n. 363 (1886);
S>A»«i. J. /. 0. 1890, p. 81 ; BmrUrt, Sat. Voaebamml. p. 237
(1891).
Ptocai ruficollis, Mane ^ Sehnw. Sommel. Mut. Sem. p. 342
(1890).
Adtdt maU. Entire crown and hind neck black ; the black of the
crovn extends through the eye to the chin and throat, leaving a
large round white patch between the eye and the bill ; on the ear-
oorerts a chestnut angular patch, surrounded with white, ending in
a white band down the sides of the neck; nedc and npper breast
rich chestnut, surrounded below by a white narrow buid ; back,
rump, lower breast, and upper alnomeu black ; upper toil-eOTerta,
lower abdomen, and nuder tail-ooverts white ; fluike white, with
black bands at the tip of the feathers ; wings brown-black, the
upper coverts with pale edgings, which on the middle and greater
wing-coverts form two greyish bands ; tail black : " bill almost
black ; irides haxel ; legs and feet dark brown, almost black "
ls<mnder»). Total lengUi about 22 inohee, wing 14, tail 6, bill 1,
tarsus 2-1.
Adult ftmaU. Similar to the male, only somewhat amaller,
Immatart bird. The black replaced by dark brown, the auricular
patch brown, with some mfons tinge, the nook and breast reddish
buff ; tips of the reotricee white.
Bail. Ob and Yenesei valleys, where it breeds ; ^eetem Siberia,
Northern Turkestan, and Caspian Sea, where it winters ; aoddentol
in Europe and also in Egypt.
Ifl, SEBOCHKS, 127
Earll. AirA. /. A'afurp. 18S2, i. p. 137 ; Lichl. Nomenet. Ae.
D. 100 (1854) i ScUU. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 206 (incubatinn) ; DoU,
Pr. Boil. Soc. N. H. lii. p. 305 (18(fe) ; ftfe. Verk- i.-6. Gta.
Win, 1873, p. 159 ; GuUh. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 488 ; Doit, Savau
Aim. 1879, p. 54 ; Frnxk, Kaa, 1880, p. 81 ; Sdat P. Z. 8. 1880,
p. 604; Sab>. Cat. S. Striekl. OaU. p. 629, n. 2577 (1882); fifcitf.
lAtt Vert, An. 8th ed. p. 433, n. m5 (1883) : Montluz. Bait. Soe.
Acelim. ie«C,p.l46, fig. p. 147; Triilr. Cat. OIL S. ^. 61 (1889)
(type!) ; Snit ntU. Ava Bawai. pt. jv. pi. — (1803).
B«niid» sandwiceneu, Lai. Cbmpl. dr Biif., Ou. ix. p. 636 (1837) ;
id, op. at. 2nd ed. p. 717 (IS-'iS) : Sp. Cempt. Semi, iliii. p. 6*8,
n. 32 (1866) ; Cau. U.S. Erpl. Erpcd., Mamrn. * Orn. p. 338
(1858) ; O.JLGr. Cat. B. Trop. M. p. 54 (18.50) ; Rarlrrt, Kat.
rWMmm;. p. 327, d. 3366 (1891) ; Hharpe, Cat. Oiteal. ^ee.
Ctoff.5uty.iii. p. 203(1891).
ChloephagA aandvicenwi, Eyt. Mm. Anat. p. 81 (1638) ; id. Sj/H.
Anal. p. 26 (180B) ; Selat. P. Z. 8. 1869, p. 620.
Auser bawatieusis, Eyd. 4* Soni. Foy. BoniU, ZooL i. ■a. 104, pi. 10
(1»11).
Aneer hsuaiensiB, PcaU, U.S. Erjil. Exped., Birdt, p. 249, pL lix.
(1848).
Anaer hawaientis, Hartl. Arch./. Kaiuiy. 1863, i. p. 132.
Tmidiestea eacdviceiMB, lUhnli. At, 8ytt. Nat. p, u (1862).
Anwt Mndwicensis, Sdittg. Dierent. p. 278 (1864) ; id. Mut. P.-S.,
Auwres, p. 106(1866).
Lcucopareia BBudwira^Dsis, O. B. Gr. Sand-li>t, iii. p. 78, n. 10563
(18(1) ; fl^m. if BrhHw. Norn. Mm. Ilein. Ont. p. 342 (1890).
Aiuer (Breotliusl RandTichenn*, Bchttw. Orn. Ocitlralbl. 1882, p. 36 ;
id. t'os- zool. Giirt. p. 64 (1882).
Adtdt maJe. Htad and throat black, which colour eTtends a little
Mow Ihe oyo and down the back of the Deck ; sides of the neck
tawny bnff, becoming lighter tAwards the lower part, the feathers
blarlosli at their bases, giving the neck a mottled or striped appetkr*
uie« ; upper surfikoe dark umber, the feathers barred with dnll
wbitieh ; rump dusky black ; nppcr tnil-coverts whitish ; breast
and bdly pate pTeyish brown, feathers darker on flanks, barred
with mnber and whitish at the tips; abdomen and under tail-
coTcrta pure white ; quills and tail dusky black : " indes dark
hazel; bill and feet black" {,Sroil WiUon). Total length 22-5
inchea, wing 1-1-3, tail (!, eiilmea 16. tarsus 28.
Female. Tlie black exteiidint; further down the throat, and
oocnpying a greater space below the eye ; feathers on flanks paler
than in the adult male i lower breast not so pale, but uniform ia
ookmr with the flanks (Seott Wilton).
Tomuf. Similar to the female.
Younif in down. Upper parts greyish brown ; forehead, sides of
the bead, throat, and middle of the underparts whitish ; a wfait«
(pot an each side of the back at the base of the wing.
Haft. Sandwich Islands.
I »-€. Ad, et pulL St Sandwich Islands. Zwlogical Society.
» a,..t Zoological Sodaty.
SnbfamUy VI. OHENONETTIN^.
Key to Ou Qaura.
a, Tailnearlf even; upperwing-coTerts white;
Bize laige 20. CbloIphaoa, p. 128.
b, Tiul not eveu, but distinctly graduated.
A'. Tertdftls rather bioad; upper wiDg-coTBrts
blue ; nie large 21. Cyanockbn, p. 139.
d. Tertiala long and narrow ; upper wing-
coverto grey ; uze small 22. ChbnOnztta, p. 140.
. 20. CHLOKPHAOA.
Chloephagft, Eyt. Mm. Aitat. p. 13 (1838) 0. ma^oWica.
TenifieateB, EcAnb. Av. ^it. Sat p. ix. (I852J C. antarctica.
OressoclieTi, Barm. Pr. Ac. Se. Phitad. 1870, p. 131 . . C. meUnoptora.
ChloetrophuB, Bann. Pr. Ac. Se. Ftiiiad. 1870,
5. 131 C. poHocephaU.
oophaga, Sund. Meth. not. Ad. di^. TaU. p. US
(1872).
Tnaidisathes, Heme, Ifomencl. Mui. Hein, Orn. p. 342
(1890).
Range. Confined to South America.
Key to the Speeia.
a. Uuder tail-coverts wbite.
a'. Qeneral plumage white, with no barrings.
" " scftpulers white, each witli i
1. CMoepbaga melanoptera.
FOtis chilenns, Mol, Sagg. .Slir. yal. t'hiti, p,
Anser ntRknopteru^ EyI. Man. Anal. p. 93 (11
Oatdd in DaninH, Vm. 'Sraalt,' p. 134, ul. 50 (1S41); lYiuer,
P. Z. S. 1848, p. lis (Chili) ; Bard. Ify»t. Vorz. Ot». Mm. p. 117
(1344): ScAAy. Mta. P.-B., AnsereB,p. 100fl866): Syt.Syn.Anat.
p. 41 (1869) i Gieb. Tha. Or». i. p. 513 (1872).
Aiwet moutwia, TicA. {mc Gm.) »"hsot. -ircA. 1843,i. p. 390, n.Sl.
Alwer outicolft. Tech. op. at. 1»«4, i.p. 815, n. 342.
Oemicla meknopteia, O. It. Or. Lut II. Brit. Afiu. lij. p. t2S
i}m4);id.f/en.Ji.m.p.(HIIT,n.S{le44y.JiiAnb.S!fH.Av.,liaUKot^,
tlOI. f. 953 (184-5) (cj:Bfasilc); Bm Mar* in Ooy, HM. de
CMe, i. p. 443 (ItMS) : Hartl. Smimatmia, 18.53, p. -il-I, bd. H»;
Bibra. IMnkteAr. k. Ak. Wiurtitek. v. 2, p. 131 (I80.I) ; id. J.f. O.
IWiS, p. 57 i Com. in U.S. Antrtm. Exp. H. p. 101 (185«) (Cbili) ;
Sdat. P. Z. S. 1«67, p. las ; Phil. Jf Lindb. Wiespn. Ar«h. 1863.
i. p. IHS; StJat. IIm. ltM>4, p. 121; Pels. Beit. Novara, Ct^.
p. 137 (1986) ! Seiat. P. X. S. 1867, pp. 320, 334, 339; i»Afl. ^
Lama. Cat. Av. ChiL p. 40 (1B6S) (Chili) ; Sclat. If Sale. P. X. S.
1S69, p. im (Htimuum) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1671. pp. 645, 7O0 (Zool.
aardjj Barm. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 305 ; Sdat. * Side. Nomtwi. Av.
Ktetr<^. p. 128, n. 2 (1873) ; lid. P. Z S. 187fl, p. 362 ; Sctat.
P. Z. S. 1B80, ^.^Oi; id. Liu Vert. Ah. 8th ed. p. 420 (1863) ;
Borek, MT. om. Vrr. Wim. 1884, p. 167 (Extract, p. 24) (I'una,
BoIirU) ; Selot. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 401 (Sacaja) ; Montlia. Bait.
Soe. AtxUm. 1886, p, IIU; Tacz. Ont. P£r. iu. p. 467 (1886);
jmKppi, Omit, 1888, p. 160 (llren) 1 Sdat. Argent. Om. a. p. 122
(1880); id. P. Z. S. l)*Ol, p. 136 (Tnrupaci) : B. Jamct, Ntw
Lift Chit. B. p. B, u. 14:1 (18031.
BenucU nnOw.la, O. R. Gr. Oen. B. iii, p. 607, n. 11 (1844).
Anaer (ChloephaM) raelnnoptems. Timh. Parni. P^., Ate», pp. .54,
SO^il'uDft) (11^).
Cbloirpnan melonopten, £tcAf. 3'oinane^ Ar. p. 100 (1854); Bp.
Gtmpt. Bmd. iliil p. 648. n. ^5 (1850) ; Bum. La Ptata-Itrite,
a. p. 513 (1801) i Sciat. Ibti, 1864, p. 122; G. R. Or. Hand-litt,
iii. p. 77, n. 10501 (1871); Burm. P. Z 8. 1872, p. 3({6; rots.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 664 ; O^l. Viagg. Mag. pp. 946, 067 (1876).
Orewoehim meluiopUinu, Bonn. Pr. Ac. Phttixd. 18T0, p. 131.
Axuer (IlrrulhuH) iiiHlunopteriia, Bekme. Om. Cnttralu, 1682, p. 37 ;
irf. Vog. vxd. Oart. p. 66 (1882).
Bnnta meloiioptero, Harttrt, Kat. VogeUamml. p. 327, u. 3363
(1801).
Aimit nudt. Wtiite ; anterior tcapulara with a browu spot along
tbe Budlle; piwterioT scapulara brown with a greeniah tinge;
WiHiii'^ gruat^r wing-coverte dark green with a purpio gloss, form-
tnjE A apeculum, thu ioiiennost ones and tertiaU dark glossy groen ;
pnuuuim aud toil-featliors black with a greon gloss : *' bill cinnabar-
rad, wilb the anil black : tarsus. Feet, and membranes cinnabaT'
red, wilh Uie nail* black; iris grey-brown" {PhU. ^ Landb.).
Total Irnglh about 28 InchtM. wing ICo, tail 6'2, cnlmen 1-7,
t'rmaU. 8imilar to the male but smaller.
Tmtnij partly in down. White ; two brown-grey bands on the
mim of the upper part of the bead, meeting on and extending
VOL XJCVU. E
down the nape ; back browD-grey ; on th« sidee of the ramp
two white longitudinal bands; Bcapnlan grey with dark spots;
toitials and tail-feathers dark glossy green ; iris dark brown ; feet
dark brown ; " beak blaok " {Bahmer).
Bab. Western South America, &om Pera and Bolivia to Magellan
^teait ; aeen also at Punta Arenas (Qi^iali).
c. Ad.sk.
d. Ad. sk.
8. America.
Fern, June (Mtki),
Htuniatca, Pern, Aug. (S.
WMUiy)-
Chili.
j. Ad.et
y. Ad. St.
h. Ad. St.
>, A. <; ad. et $
juv.sk
L i ad.Bk.
«, n, 0. tJ 5 ad.
et JQT. sk.
p, o. Ad. et imm.
r. Ad. sk.
*. PuU. sk.
t. Skeleton.
Putehased.
Wamw :
Sal vin-Oodman Coll.
Eyton's ColL [One ot
the tjmn of the
T. C. Bndgee, Esq.
Pun^based.
U. Peutland, Esq.
Valparaiso. Sir W. Burnett &
Capt Fitiroy [P.].
Cneva Nina, ProT. of Tata- H. B. Jamas, Esq.
Chili.
Lake llticaca, ChilL
pBc£,Feb.
L. Huaeco, I^t, of Taiapatiit
Jan.
Sacaya, March, May.
. James, Esq.
. James, Esq.
Central ChilL H. B. Jamas, Esq.
ProT.Cohjhagua, Chili (£#ed). SalTin-Godman ColL
Pampas Argentiuas (LtybM). SalviU'Qodman CoIL
ChilL , Punihased.
so. celoBfiuga.
131
BemcU antarctica, Steph. I7en. ZooL lii. 1, p. 69 (ldS4) ; £;/[. Man.
Anat. p. 84 (sm. emend.). pL ii. f. 6 (trachea) (1838) ; Darwin,
Voy. Broj/le, iii. p. 134 (1841) (Tierra del Fuego, FaUdand
Islands) [ G. R. Gr. Litt B. Brit. Mw. iii. p. 127 (lft44) j id.
Otn. B. Ui. p. 607, n. 4 (1844); Barll. Suit. Vtrx. Ges. Mil.
p. 117 (1S44J; RcAnb. Syn. An., Natatores, t. 98. ff. 397, 94S
(1845); LnMurt in Oay, Bwl. de CAiVe.i. p. 443(1348); Btfew,
I)nk»i-Jtr. k. Ak. WiuaitcA. v. 2, p. 131 (1863) ; id. J.f. 0. 1S56,
p. 67; Cau. U.S. ^rfron. ^. ii. p. 200, pi, xniL (J 2) 0856)
fCo«*t of Chili) : Goidd. P. Z. 8. 1859, p. 06 (ere) ; Sclat. P. Z. S.
1800,p.38t(; Abbolf, Ibit. 1861, p. l£9; I9i. ^ Lamib. Wiegm.
Arei.lSe3,LpAm;iid.au.Av.Ckil.t " "'
J8G4, pp. 131,122; Pdi. SaM Novara, V
40(1668); ScU.Ibii,
1. 136 (1866) ; Solat.
P. Z. a. 1867, pp. 320, 334, 339 ; CunniagAam, Ibit, 1868, p. 127
Eft. Sjfn. Anat. p. 30 (1869) ; Bvrm. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 366 ; Sel«t.
^ Salt, yommct. Av. Neolrop. p. 128 (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1876,
p, 367, 1878, p. 436 ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 310 (ok), 1880,
SG04; 8/iarjx, P. Z S. 1881, p. 13; SeM. ^ Saiv. Vim. Chalt.,
nfa, p. 106 (1881); Selal. Li»t Vrrt. An. 8th ed. p. 423i
2883); MmtUa. BuU. Soc. AccUm. 1886, p. 153. tif;. p. 164;
urm. Anal. Mtu. Nae. Buen. .dirw, iii. p. 247(1888); Tristr.
Cat. Coll B. p. 61 (1889); ShaTpe, Cat. Otteol. &>ee. Coll. Surg. '
iii. p. 203 (1891) ; B.Janui, New Litt ChU. B. p. 9,ii. 146 (1882J.
CSienelopex leucoptera, part., Lett. Tr. d'Om. p. 027 ( cf ) (1831),
Chenelopei antarctiea, Im». op. cii, p. 628 ( 5 ) (1831) ; id, Compl.
dt Buff., Oil. 2nd ed. p. 717 a838^.
.Vnas f anta, Fursl. Icon. ined. t. — iid. Deter. An, (ed. Lichl.) p, 336
(1844).
Ta^nidieetes antarctics, iffAni. Av. Suit. SiU. v. ix {1852} ; Bonn.
Pr.Ar. Philad. 1870, p. 132; ff. S. Gr. Hand-liiC, ui. p. 76,
0.10585(1871).
Chlocphaija aotarrtica, ZichC. Nomend. Av. p. 100 (18.54) ; Bp.
Compl. Rend, iliii, p. (148, ii. 23 (1856) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 527,
62P (Fftlkknds) ; Sdat. ^ Salv. Hm, 1869, p. 284 (Port Otway),
IHTO, p. 4flS(OiM>d8Biiv); Gigl. Viagg. Magenta, pp. 027, ^
M2, »M,947 (1876); Vnc(. i>K*. o/ S. p. 376 (pt 2, 1893).
Barnitla h^brida, PA. «■ Lmdb. Wuym. Ard>. 1863, i. p. 199
(Qote).
Atwz (Brentbiu) antarctic us, A^nw. Om. CmTroIU. 1882, p. 36;
id. Voff.Bxtl. OUrt. p. 64 (1882).
TanddiMthea antarctiea, IlfUi. ». ReAnuj, Norn. JUta. Hein. Om.
p. Si2 (1890).
Bendcla (Chloephaga) antarctiea, Outt. Mitt. 8c. Cop Horn, OU,
p. 196 (1891).
Braota antarctiea, Hartert, Kal. Vojui*aimd. p. 227, n. 3364
(1891).
AdtiU male. Entirely white : " bill black, with a yellow spot at the
baae; tamus and feet yiJlow; iridesgreyiah brown" (Gi;/iioK, J/,S',).
Len^ about 2A inches, wing 15, tail it, culmen 1-5, tarsus 2'T5,
. FttnaU. Brown-black ; upper part of the hojid and anpe brown ;
forehead, aidca of tho head, and neck block with narrow white
banda; appor back, BCapulars, and tertiala brown-black ; lower back,
ramp, upper tail-cororts, lower abdomen, Tent, under tail-coverta,
and tail pure whito ; breast, abdomen, sides, and flanks deep black,
luDdaOmely haired with white ; tower and median wing-coverta.
182 AMnnsji.
Kcondaries, and under wing-oorertB irhito ; greater wing-ooverto
metallic green, fbnning a speculum, tipped widi 'wlute, and with a
black band before the tip ; primaries and their coverts black : " bill
fleeh-colonr ; tarsua and feet yellow ; irides grejiah brown " ( Giglioli,
JUS.). Total length 23 inches, wing 14, tail 5, culmen 1-4,
tarsus 2-2.
H<U>. Patagonia, Struts of Magellan to Chiloe, Tierra del Fu^o,
and Falkland Islands,
a. (fad. Bt. Antarctic Exp. Capt. King [C.].
b. Imm. St Stiaita of Magellan. Zool. Soc.
c,d. cf $ ad. sk. Struts of Magellan. Sir R. Murchison
«, /. J $ ad. ak. Port Henry, Str. of Magellan,
Dr. Copp
8tT. of Magellan, Not.
Hermite la,, Oct., Nor.
Hermite Is., Sept.
Cape Horn.
g. PuU. sk.
A, t. cf £ ad. sk.
i, /. (f ad. St., 5
ad.Bk.
w. cJ ad, sk.
n-g. (J 2 ad. et
r. $ ad. sk.
I. (f $ ad. sk. Falkland Is. {LewnU).
t. ^ td. sk. Falkland Is.
u. $ ad. at. E. Falkland.
V. S nearly ad. st. St. Salvador Bay, Falklauds.
to. cf ad. ak. Berkeley Sound, Falkland,
Aug.
X, Skeleton.
Falkland Is.
Antarctic Exp. [C.J.
Antarctic Exp. [C.l
Challenger Exp. [CTj.
Sir W. Bomett &
Challenger Exp. [C.l.
Antarctic Exp. tcX
Antarctic Exp.[C.].
McConniok Bequest.
Chlofiphi^;a nu^eUanica.
Beraitl* maffeUanico, Steph. Gen. Zool. sii, 2, p. 67 (1834) ; O. S.
Gr, Oen. B. iiL p. «07, n. 0 (1844) ; Ri^hvb. Syn. A v., Nntatows,
t 08. f. wa (1S45) : Dea Muri in Oaj/, Sul. de Chile, i. p. 443
(1848) ; */<tf. /6m, 18S4, p. l:>-2: PeU. Jtei»e Niinara, I'm. v. 136
(1806) ; OainrnjiA. Ibu, 1868, p. 127 ; Sdat. ^ Sale. P. Z. S. 1876,
p. 863 ; Dam/. Ibu, 1878, p. 400 (Ohuput) : Sclitt. P. Z. S. 1880,
p. aKj id. Zut VeH. An. 8tL ed. p. 420 (1883) ; Montiia. SuU.
Sac Acdim. 1886, p. 165, Ss. p. 167; Tridr. Cat. Coll. S. p. 61
(1888).
BemicU bucopiera, Steph. Gen. Zoot. xii. 2, p. 68 (1824) ; Ph. ^
lMidli.An.Un.Ch^,%a.v.i2-(\i!m); Od. Wiegm.Arch.lH^,
i. P.1&4.
Chenelopax leucoptei*, part.. Lets. Tr. dOm. p. 027 (1831).
CUoi^tiafn iiuic!<^l]&nic«, Eijt. Mon. Anal. p. 82, p). 1. S. I, 2
(tncbu) (1^1: G. R. Gr. List Gen. S. p. 7a (1840) i Jjarw.
Yog. ' BeagU; ill. p. 134 (1841) (Tierro delFuego and Falkland
lal.); Sartl. 8ytt. Ven. Get. Mot. p. 117 (1844); G. Jt. Gr.
LUt B. Brit. Mas. p. 126 (1844); Sartl. Ifaunumnia, 1853,
p. 292 ; LirAt. Norn. Av. p, 100 (1864) ; Sp. Compt. Bend, xliji,
p. 648, a. 22(1866); SdiU. P. Z. S. 1&57, p. 128, 1858, p. 289;
Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 96 (egg) ; Sefa(. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 387
(Bjn. erarnd. P) : Abbott, Ibii, 1861, p. 167 (FoUtland IbIJ ; Sdat.
IbU, 18tM, p, 122; Sclat.^ Saiv. I6i», 1868, p, 189 (StTidtti of
MaftpUnri) ; &dat. P. Z. S. 1808, pp. 527, 629 (FiJkUnds) j W. *
Landb. Cat. Av. (M. p. 40 (ISBB) ; ScM. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 620
(bftwding) ; mt. Sm. Anat. p. 27 (I860] ; Seial. ^ Salf. Ibit, 1870,
pp. 409. 600 (EUialieth Isla) ; Bonn. Pr. Ac. Phiiad. 1870, p. 131 ;
G. S. Gr. Btmd-litt, iii. p. 77, n. 10586 (syn. emend, F) (1871) ;
Selat 4- Sale, ^^l>m. Av. Neotrop. p. 128, n. 1 (pwt.) (1873) ; Oigl
ViasS- Magenta, p. »61 (187R) ; Oarrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 198, f. 2
(»kaU); Sdat. P. X S. 1870, p. 310 (ngifs) ; Burm. Anal. Mm.
Sac. Buen. Airee, iii. p. 247 (I8ce) ; Rogtron, Bidl. Hoc. Aod. 1888,
SI. 12-21 ; Sbirpe, (Mt. Otteol. Spec Coll. Surg. iii. p. 293 (1881) j
fwl. £)ut. of B. p. 375 (pt. 2, 1893).
Anwi'(nrentbus) mageUBii'— ■" "-' —
id. Vog. sool. GSrt. v. 64
BemicU (Cliloephagft) n
p. 187 (18yl).
OrmntA nia^tlnnicn, Uarteil,
ami).
i. Jtchnto. Om. Centralbl. 1882, p. 37 j
182),
aiH^Ilaoiai, Oust. Mtta. So. Cap Bnrn, Oil.
Vugelgamml. p, 227, n. 8363
H^hruU.
Btnucln dispar cf K B. magelifmica £ , Sdat. ^ Sato. P. Z. S. 1876,
f36G, f. a (mule), b (female) ; Seiat. LiU Vfrt. An. 8tb ed. p. 421,
o(iniae), 6 (female) (1883).
Adiult male. Wliite; head aad neck nnifoim; eiden and upper
part of the back witli the lower part of the hind neck barred with
Uack ; lower back and rump greyish black ; npper tail-coverts
white; Tent and under tail-coverts white, the latter odged with
bUekub an the outer web ; Beapulars, tertiaU, and primaries dark
pry ; smaller and median upper wing-coverts white, the greater
one* ^ey, od the outer web metallic green with a purple glosa,
foraing a wing-speculaDi, and tipped with white; secondaries and
sndor wing-coverta white ; lateral tail-foathera white, the four
* grej-iflh black : bill black ; irides brown-blaok ; feet
18<
AKAIIDX.
dftrk lead-colour. Total length about 26 inches, ving 16-3, tail
6*6, cnlmen 1*5, taniu 3*8.
Female. DiiFerent from the male. Head and neck greyiah lufous ;
apper back and breast pale rufoae, with black bars; abdomen and
flanks almoet black, with whitish Ws ; lower back greyish brown,
rump and upper tjul-oorerts almost black; vent ^d under tail-
oorerts whitish, the latter stained with brown-black; wing as in
the male ; tail black : bill black ; irides dark brown ; feet yellow.
Size a htUe smaller than the male.
Sab, Falkland Islands, IWra del Fu^o, Uagellan Straits, and
Patagonia.
No locality
of CM
e. e ad. sk.
etst.
t. a ad. St.
k,l. 9ad.etcf
juv. sk,
m. $ ad. sk.
N. <f ad. sk.
0. c^ ad. St.
p-i. (J $ ad. dr.
ai Is., April (£. /.
Smith).
Falkland Is.
Falkland Is. (LeeonU).
East Falkland Is., Jvij.
SL Salvador Bay, Falk<
land Is., June.
Berkeley Sound, Falk-
Sb W. Bmnett & Cast
Fitarov[P.].
H.Dumford,E8q. [P.].
Antarctic Expedition.
Sir W. Bnmett & Cast.
FitMOT [P.].
SalviiHiodman Coll.
Voyage of H.M.S.
' Rattlesnake.'
McCormick Bequest.
Antarctic Expedition.
HcCormick Beqneat.
Maidstone Hoseum [P.],
K Cross, Esq. [P.].
20. CHUeFBAaA,
1S&
Ae. yfotrtm. p. 128 (part.) (1873) j Barroat, Auk, 1884, p. 273
(CMbud).
Bemicla niagellaoica, Dei Mart (ttec Gm.) in Golf, Hid. ChiU, i.
p.<43(tt*4r)(ChUoe)i CtoM. C.& ^5(mi. J5jy. ii. p.201,pl. xxiv.
(li««!) (ChiliJ: &Ai(. P.Z.*. 1872. p. 549 (Rio Negro), 1877,
pp. SJa, 8W (PutBgonia), 1879, p. 818, 1880, p. 704 ; id. Litt Vert.
An. 8th ed. p. 420 (part) (1883).
BeniiclB inorrmtii, t>ti .\tur« in Gay, Hitt. Chile, i. p. 444 (1847) j
Ph. ^ Lnwlb. An. Un. Chile, ui. p. 486 {18S2) ; iid. ifieffm.
Ar^. imil.i. p. 199; Sdat.^ Sah. P. Z.S. 1876, p. 367 (note);
Mmllux. BuU. Soc. Acclim. 1866, p. 160.
ChloephagB picta, Bp. Compl. Rend, xliii. p. &48, n. 21 (1850) ;
Bonn. Pf. Ac. PhUad. I87(>, p. lUl ; Gigl. Viagg. Magenta, p. 904
11876).
t:Uoephaga inornata, Bp. Con^t. Ratd. xliii p. 648, n. 24 (1S66) ;
R/l. Svn. Anat. p. 23 (1866); G. S. Or. H<md-(iU, iiL p. 77,
n. 10588 (1871) : Sdat. ^ Salv. Nonxead. Av. Neotrop. p. 128,
n. 2 (part.) (1873) ; Sharpe, Zool. Ereb. ^ Terr., Birdi, p. 37,
pi. 30 (type; (1875).
Anu inaniaU, Sdat. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 290 (P=maKellMiica).
Btunicla A\smx, Ph. ^ Laa^. An. Unie. Chile,xii. p. 437(1862);
iid. ITiym. ArcA. 1663. i. p. 190 ; SeJat. lUt, IBOi, p. 122 j Peb.
Rtite Navar., FUg. p. 137 (1865) ; HiU. ^ Landb. Cat. An. CkiL
*«"S:
aalv. p. Z S. 1876, p. 384 ; Scint. P. Z. H. 1880, p. 503 ; MonOvx.
BuU. Soc. Aeelim. 1886, p. 159; Burm. Anal. Mm. Nae. Butn.
Aim, iii. p. 247 (1868) ; Sdat. Arffml. Om. u. p. 123 (pact.)
(1881t) ; B. Jamei, Amd Lttt ChU. B. p. 9, d. 144 (1^2) ; Lataste,
Act. Soc. Sc. Oiiti, iii. p. cuii (1894).
Beniicia antaictica [em>re). Burnt. La Plata-Reim, ii. d.
Ckloephnro diapar, Selat. Ibis, 1864, p. 122 ; id. P.
pp. 320, 3*4 (Chili); Eyt. Sifn. Anat. p. 29 (1869); G. R. Gr.
Sand^itt, iu. p. 77, n. 10687 (1871).
Anaer ma^llauicui, j«rt., ScAleff. Mta. P.-B., Aiueree, p. 90 (1800) ;
GM. The$. Om. i. p. 872 (part.) (1872).
Admt (Brentbiu) diapBr, Jtchnio. Om. CmtroBil 1882, p. 37; id.
Vog. zool. Odrt. p. 6o (1882).
Bernii^Ia (Chloephaim) dispar, Oiat. Mist. Sc. Cob Horn, Oia. p. 311
(1801).
Berniclti (Cliloepho^) inornata, Ount. op. cil. p. 31S (1891).
Hffbrida.
Benuclft dispar cf X B. maKellanica ^, Selai. ^ Salv. P. Z. S.
1876. p, 365, ff. n ,J, 6 $; Sdal. Lid Vtrt. Ah. Slh ed. p. 421,
K.a ,S,h 2 (1883).
Rimilnr to C. mageUanica, bnt tbe male has the breast and
sbdumen much more banded with black.
The ftmaU has the head and up{ier pBrt^ of the neck of a dull
gicy, almost without any of the reddish tinge so conepioaotiB in the
&BUtl« of C. mageUaniea. Dr. Scliiter, in Uie ' A^^entine Ornttho-
lo^y,' describes the male with the rump (or upper tail-ooverts ?) and
tail^eatbcre aahy black. I suppose that Uie descriptioD applies
136 isiTms.
only to iramatuie birds, as in the original deacription of FhOli^i
and Landbeck the upper tail-coverts and lateral rectriees are said
to be whit«. A specimen in the Torin Unseum, evidently moult-
ing, received from Heosrs. Fhilippi and Loodbeck, has the upper
tail-eoverte partly black and partly white.
Foung ntaU. The black tmnds are more nnmerouB, boQi on the
back and lower parts, bnt not so well-defined as in the adult bird ;
the speculum is blacldah, with no green lustre (ifiw. Taurin.).
Bab. Central and Southern Chili, and also Magellan Straits;
fionthem Argentine Kepnblio ; breeds on the Lakes of the Chilian
Cordilleras.
1. 13 sd. St.
i.g ad.di.
imm.sk.
«. $ ad. ak.
/ S f^- ak.
ff. is imm. et.
Chili.
Chili [LeybolO).
Chili (SMd).
Chili (iirarf).
Santiiigo, Cidli (Weitihaupt).
Straits of Uagellan.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Oodman Coll.
Zool. Soc. (T™. of
Aruer momatus, mng.)
5. Chlofiphaga rDbidicqw.
Chloephaga poliooephala, part., G. S. Gr. Lut B. Brit. Mm. iiL
p. 127, spedm. c, rf, ,r (1844).
BOTnicla inomata, G. R. Or. {nrc King) Zool. Voy. Ereb. ^ Terror,
Birdt, pi. 24 {twe Gen. of B., neque King) (1846) ; Rchnb. Syn. Av.,
Katatoi^, t. 98. f. 947 {ex Voy. Ertb. * Terr.) (18— P); Sel.
Guide to Gard. Z. S. ed. 5 & 6, p. 16.
Chloephaga rubidiceps, Sd. P. Z. S. 1880, pp. 387, 415, pi. cbcxiiL
(Falkland Islauda). 1661. p. 46; Abbott. Ibit, 1861, p. 158 (Falk-
kud IsUmda) ; iUr;(. Jiu, ISG'I, p. 1:^^ ; id. i\ Z. ti. l.SWt, p. 629;
G. It. Gr. Hand-lilt, iii. p. 77, n. 1051t0 (1871) ; Sctat. Liit Vet
20. CHLOfiPHAOA. 137
upper wing-ooTerts metallic green, tipped with white; bastard-
wing, primaries, and primary-coverts black; secondaries white;
tertials and scapnlars brown-grey ; tail black : bill black ; irides
almost black ; feet yellow, tinged with blackish exteriorly. Total
length about 23 inches, wing 13*5, tail 4-5, culmen 1*5, bill from
the commissure 1*5, tarsas 2*5.
Female. Similar, but somewhat smaller.
Young birds of the first year assimilate in plumage to the adults,
except that the speculum of the wing is of dull black instead of
glossy green (Abbott),
Hob, Falkland Islands.
0. Ad. sk. Falkland Islands (Leconte). Salvin-Godman Coll.
5, e. Ad. sk. Falkland Islands. Tweeddale Coll. '
d, S ad. sk. Falkland Inlands, July. McCormick Beouest.
e. Ad. sk. Falkland Islands. Antarctic Expea.
(Type of the species.)
/. Imm. sk. Falkland Islands. Antarctic Exped.
y, A. d ad. sk. St. Salvador Bay^ Falkland Antarctic Exped.
et ad. St. Is.
i, Skeleton. Falklands. Zool. Soc
G. Chlo^phaga poliocephala.
Bemicla inomata, G. R. Gr, {nee King) Gen, B. iii. p. 607, n. 6
(svn. emend. )y pi. 166 (1844) ; Bchnb, Sgn. Av,, Natatores, t 98.
f."946 {nee 947) (ex Gray) (1845) ; Hartl Erst, Naehtr, Voget-
samml. p. 19, n. 216 (1846); Ca»s, Vn, St, ExpL Exp., Mamm,
4- Dm, p. 337 (1858; (Tierra del Fuego & Falkland Isl.) ; Sclai,
Ibis, 18o9, p. 327.
Chloephaga poliocephala, G, R, Gr. List B. Brit, Mus. iii. p. 127
(part., specmi. a, b) (1844) (descr. nulla): Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857,
p. 128, 1868, p. 290 ; Gould, P. Z. S. 18591 p. 96 ; Sciat. P, Z. S,
1859, p. 206 (incubation), 1801. p. 46 (Falkland Isl.) ; Abbntt,
Ibis, 1861, p. 159 ; Sciat. Ibis, 18lU, n, 122 ; id. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 335 ; Sclaf.. ^ Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 180 (Oazy Harbour) ; Cunningh,
Ibis, 1869, p. 233 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 629 (breeding) ; Eyt,
Sun
Cfra
list
p. 128, n. 2 (part.) (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 436 (Gray Harbour,
Tom Harbour) ; Gigl, Viagq. Magent. pp. 9^3, 937, 943, 946
(1876); Sclat. P. Z. S. 188*1, p. 813; Shufeldt, Pr. U.S. Kat,
Mus, X. pp. 383-384 (skull) (188/ ).
? Anser leucopterus, Licht. (nee Gm.) in Forst. Descr. An. p. 834
(1844).
? Chloephaga leucoptera, Licht. (nee Gm.) Xoni. Av. p. 100 (1854).
Chloephaga inomata, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 648, n. 24 (1866).
Bemicla poliocephala, Sclat. Ibis, 1859, p. 328 ; Pflz. Reise Novara,
Vog, p. 136 (1865) ; Burm. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 360 (Bahia Blanca) ;
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 549 (Rio Negro) ; Sciat. ^' Salv. P. Z, S.
1876, p. 366; Durnford, Ibis, 1878, p. 400 (Centr. Patagonia) ;
S4at. P. Z,S, 1880, p. 503; Scl. ^ Salv. Vog. Chall., Birds, ^. 107
(1881) ; Sclat. List Vert, An, 8th ed. p. 422, n. 962 (1883) ;
Montba. BuU. Soc. Atxlim. 1886, p. 160; Bwm. Anal. Mtu.
Nac. Even. Airet, iii. p. 247 (1888) ; Sdal. Argttit. Onu iL p. 134
(1889) ; Triitr. Cat. Coil. B. p. 61 (1889) (Puerto Buwio) ;
B. James, Nev, List ChO. B. p. 9, n. 146 (1892) ; Solat. P. Z. 8.
1893, p. 472 (breeding).
BerniclB chOoenais, Phil. ^ Landb. An. Umn. ChSe, xxi, p. 427
(1862) ; iid. Wkgnt. Arck. 1863, i. p. 149 (Chiloe); Sdat. Ibu,
1864, pp. 121, 122 ( =poli(M»phAk, Gr.) ; Phil. ^ Lamdb. Oat. Av.
aUL p. 40 (1668).
Aaser polioceplislus, Schieg. Mu*. P.-B., Ajueiea, p. 101 (1866) (
GiA. Tha. On,, i. p. 378 (1873).
Chi«tuut>breaBted Gd<we, Cunmngh. Ibi», 1868, p. 127.
Ohloetropliiw poIiocephaluB, Barm. Pr. Ac. Philad. 1870, p. 181.
ADMT^^DthuB) poUocephaluB, BckniB. Om. Centralil. 1882, p. 86 ;
id. fog. zool. Gart. p. M (1882).
BrauU poliocephola, Hartert, Eat. VogeUatmrU, p. 227, n. 3S69
(1891).
Bernicla (Chloephaga) poliocsplifilB, Ouet. Mitt. Sc Cap Horn, Oit.
p. 192 (1891).
Adult, Head and neck greyisb plnmbeoos, paler on the upper
part of the head ; forehead and periophthalmio feathers vhiti^ ;
long feathers of the nape tinged with mfons, espedally the lotrer
onee ; breast and npper back mf oua chestnut, the base of the feathers
white, banded with black ; these banda more or less showing
through ; lower back greyish ; ramp and upper tail-coverts black ;
abdomen white ; sides white, regularly banded with black ; lower
flanks blacik ; nnder tail-corerts white, but the onter feathers rufous,
with the outer web black; scapulars mfous grey, with narrow
transveiee black bands ; lesser and median wing-ooverts white ;
greater wing-coverts glossy green, with coppery reflections on the
outer web, forming a distinct speculum, bordered with white
posteriorly; tertials grojisb broivii with an olirecist; primarieB
y. $ ad. ik.
A. $ poU. Bk.
k. 6 ad-sk.
f-». ,{ ad.et
mtlUak.
^ Ad.ik.
j,r.l^.Bk.elBU
*. Skelelon.
21. ciAifociun. 139
Alert Bav, W. Const of Pftta- Voyage of H.M.S.
gonia, Dec. ( J>r. Coppinger). ' Aiert.'
Port litairj, Dec. (Zfr. Cop- Voyace of IT.M.S.
pinker), '^ert.'
NeeehamCove.Str.ofMagellan, Vojage of H.M.S.
Ora'
Feb. {pr. C'oppini/er).
rav Harbour, Mesaiei
Cnannel.
am Harbour, Jaa.
Falkland Is. (Lecontt).
21. CYANOCHEN.
' Cbalienger ' Exped.
CyMOchen, HartLfde Bp. Campt. Bend, iliii. p. 648
u 10 (1858) C. cjanopteru*.
uAodwn, &<U9. 18137 (^fiiU G. R. Gr. Hand-lift.
Hi, p. 76, 1871).
Jtange. Confined to Abjssima and .Shoa.
1. Cranocheii cyasopterns.
Berairla cyanoptern, Hupp. &/*(. Utters, pp. 129, 137, a. 488, t. 49
iShoa) <1845) ; G. S. Or. Gen. S., App. p. 27 (1849) ; J3« Jtf«r»
m Ltfrhvre, Viy. Abye». vL p. 16;), pi. iIt. (1943-50) ; ifcAdfi.
&M. Av. Xomt. a. W. Natatores, t. 90. f. 2351 (1850) ; Heugl.
&w(. C^cieri. n. 785 (1856) ; id. J. f. 0. 1662, pp. 2D3, 306; id.
iWni. 0«sff-. 3fd(A. 1669, p, 416; UeugL B^tc nncA Abyu.
ia61-«^, pp. 309, 317 (1808) ; Eyt. Sifn. Aaat. p, 3a (Hm) ;
Blanf. Qtvl. Si Zool. Abj/u. p. 430 (1870); Fijuch, Tr. Zool. Soe.
TU. p. 329 (1670) ; Sclal. P.Z.S. \B80, v- SOi i Selvad. Ann. Mut.
OV. Gm. (2) i. p. 241 (Shoa) (1884); Mmtlut. Bull. Soe. Avlim.
^, p. 151, % p. 152.
Orsnocheii cyuiopteros, Sartl. JSdt Sp. Compt. Bend, xliii. p. 648,
n. 36 (1866) ; G. S. Gr. Hand-iiit, iii. p. 78, n. 105B4 (1871) ;
~tin. 4- Sehtw. Norn. Mus. Hein. Om. p. 342 (Woggera) (1890).
_ JT cyaooptenw. SehUg. Mui. P.-fi,, Aaaeres, p. 06 (1866) ; G«A.
The*. Om.\. p. 370 (IHT^).
Bnnta cyaaoptera, Heiigl. Om. N.O.-Afr. ii. p. 1262 (1873);
Bartert, Kat. VogeUamml. p. 237 (1691).
ir (Bi«ntbiie) cyanoptera, ifcAnic. Om. Centralbl. 1862, p. 37.
Adult. Head and neck aahy, somewhat darker on the hind part :
b*ck, flcapulars, and undorparta browD, the feathora, especially on
tlie latter, with pale grey edges, producing a mottled appearance ;
rnnip and apper tail-coverts grey, with a bluish tinge ; under t^-
OOTcrtB whitish ; upper wing-ooverts load-blue ; primaries and
twtuuiee gloBay black ; secondaries glossy green, with a nsjrow
white •dge at the tip; under wing-coverts greyish hrown, the
whitish: "bill and feet blackish ; iridcs hazel-brown "
{AMtinori). Total length about 20 inches, wing 15, tail 6, culmei
1-4, Uitm 2-5&.
140
Female. Similar to the male.
Tw-ng t» dovm. Upper parta bUckiah brown, nDderparts yeUowish
vhite ; a broad auporciliar}' band, a patch on the scapular r^on,
a baad acroas the wings and two on the sides and flaDka yeUowiah
whit* {Mut. Taurin.),
Bah, Ahyaainia and Shoa.
a,b. $ ad. at Sboa, May, June (Sarru). India Muaeum [F.].
etak.
c. Ad. bL Shea {Harrit). India MuaeUm [P.].
22. CEENONETTA. _^
Chenonetta, Brandt, Deter, et le. An. Batt. Nov. i. p. 6
(1836) C. jobata.
ChlamTdocheD, Bp. Compt. Bend. zliiL p. 648, gen. II
(1856) C. jubata.
Range. Onfined to Anstralia.
I. (Aenonetta jabata.
Ilawkeabuiy Duck, I^UA. Sun. Suppl. iL p. 868, %. in frontisraeca
(1801).
Anas jubata, iaM, Ind. Or». App. p. kii, n. 3 (1801) i VttULN.D.
V. p. 110 (1810) i Ihim. Did. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 388 (1817) ; Brandt,
Ic. An. Boai. Nov. i. p. 6 (1836).
Ansar aubata (arore), VieiH. Ene. Mfth. i. p. 368 (1823).
Bernicla jubata, ^epi, Oen, Zool. zii, S, p. 63 (1834) ; Eyt. Mm.
Anat. p. 80 (1938) ; 0. B. Gr. Om. B. Sii. p. 607, n. 3 (1844) ; id.
LillB.Brit.Mu/i.iii.p. 138(1844); Gould, B. Atutr. vil -pi IS
(pt ixi., 1846); Bcknb. Si/n. Av., Natatores, t. 98. ff. 944-45 (1846),
t 09. ff. l'362-53 (1850) (r.r Goidd) ; Hartl. Brit. Nachtr. Vogel-
215 (1846) ; Lkht. NomeTicl. Af. p. 100 (1854) ;
22. CHXNONETTA. 141
Branta (Chlamydochen) jubata, Rams. Pr, Linn. Soc. N, S. W.
ii. p. 200, n. 649 (1878) ; id. Tab, List Austr. B, p. 22, n. 660
(1888).
Anaer (Brenthos) jubatus, Rchnw, Om. Centralbl. 1882, p. 37 ; id.
Vog. zool. Gdrt. p. 65 (1882).
Chloephaga jubata, RogeroUf Bull, Soc. Acclim. 1880, pp. 478-486,
560-676, with two cuts.
ChlamTdochen jubatus, Hein. Sf Rchnw, Nom, Mm, Ilein. Om.
p. Si2 (1800).
Branta jubata, Hartert, KaJt, Vogtilsamml. p. 227 (1801).
AduU male. Head and neck rich brown ; the lengthened plumes
down the back of the neck brown-black ; back, lesser wing-coverts,
and tertiaries grey ; lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail-
coTcrts black ; breast grey, each feather broadly tipped with greyish
white, and spotted with black on each side, giving the whole a
mottled appearance; sides and flanks grey, delicately pencilled
with wavy lines of black ; abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts
deep glossy black ; scapulars grey, broadly edged on the outer
web, and narrowly on the inner, with black; a glossy green
speculum across the secondaries, which are broadly tipped with
white ; also the greater wing-coverts tipped with white, the white
tips forming two bands above and below the speculum, which is
black anteriorly ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and primaries
gloesy brown-black ; under wing-coverts and under surface of the
quills towards the base white ; tail glossy black : *' bill olive-brown,
irides very dark brown ; legs and feet dark brown " (Gould).
Total length 20 inches, wing 11, tail 4, culmen 1'15, tarsus 1'42.
FemdU, Similar to the male, but the head and neck paler brown,
the former speckled with white on the sides of the face ; upper
parts greyish brown, scapulars and tcrtials blackish on the outer
webs ; green speculum less conspicuous ; breast, sides, and flanks
brown, each feather broadly barred and tipped with white ; abdomen,
vent, and under tail-coverts white.
Hah. Australia.
a. fS ftd. 8t. Australia.
b. S *d. sk. Australia. H. J. Elwes, Esq. [P.],
c. d!. cJ ? ad. sk. Australia. Salvin-Godman ColJ. ^
e. J ad. sk. Australia. Lady Carrington [P.].
f-L <J 5 ad. sk. N.W. Australia. Capt. Bowser Bower
A:. (^ ad. sk. ^^ . Australia. Capt. Sir G. Grey [P.].
/. (^ imm. sk. W. Australia, April. Hume Coll.
m. cf ad. sk. Queensland. Mrs. Simpson [P.].
II, o. <J $ ad. St. Murray lliver. Capt. Sir G. Grey [P.].
Subfamily VU. ANATIN^.
Key to iJu Qtnera.
a. Lower portion of taiaua in front mtlkout
transverse BcuteUie, but covered witli
amall reticulate scales 23. Dxmdboctciia,
b. Lower portion of tarsus in front witt a row [p. 144.
of transvene scut cUb.
V, Wing-gpeeulum more or lees coub^ocuoiu,
but alwaje present
b". Outer web of tertiola chestnut; upper
wing-coverts white, except in Chenalo-
pex jubalta, which has them black;
sixe rather large.
fi'. Edges of the bill with no prominent
lamellffi 24. Chxnalopex,
c". Edges of the bill with more or less [p. 166.
prominent Umellie.
c*. Bill broader towards the tip than
at the buo ; culmen rather con-
cave ; l&mellie more developed
towards the tip of the upper man-
dible ; lower mandible with the
lamellm not projecting outwardly ;
feet flesh-colour : sexes aimilar . . 26. Tadosna, p. 170.
ij*. Bill not broader towards the tip
than at the base ; culmen almost
straight ; lamella eqoallj deve-
loped along the inner edge of the
Upper mimdi'bK^ ; kmellte on the
edge of the lower maiidJble pro-
JLJXATIVM. 143
/•. Tertials or inner second-
aries sickle-shaped; up-
per and under tau-
coverts reaching beyond
the tail; centod tail-
feathers not lengthened
beyond the tip of the
lateral ones 28. Eunbtta, p. 218.
^. Tertials or inner second-
aries not sickl^shapedy
but straight.
^. Bill not fringed with a
soft membrane near
the tip of the apical
portion.
g^\ Lamellae of the upper
mandible quite pro-
minent; central tail-
feathers scarcely ex-
tending beyond the
lateral ones ; specu-
lum black out-
wardly, white in-
wardly 29. Chaulelasmus,
A^°. Lamellffiof the upper [p. 221.
mandible scarcely
prominent; central
tail-feathers more or
less acuminate and
extending some-
what beyond the
lateral ones.
h'K Bill smaU, and
gradually taper-
ing towards the
tip 30. Mabeca, p. 227.
t^K Bill moderate, not
gradually tapering
towards the tip,
where it is more
rounded and com-
paratively broader
than in Mareca ;
scapulars and ter-
tials longer and
narrower 31. Nbttion, p. 238.
A". Bill fringed on the
edges of the apical
portion of the upper
mandible witli a nar-
row soft membrane.
t^°. Lamellae extremely
developed ; wings [p. 287.
apt for flight 34. Elasmonetta,
p^. Lamellae moderate ;
wings very small, [p. 289.
useless for flight . . :}o. Nbsonbtta,
f. Tail long, with the central
feathers Teiy long and acumi-
/'. Culmen of the bill iihnost
straight ; speculum broader
than the light band at the tip
of the BecoDdaries 32. Dafila, p. 270.
^. Culmeu not quite straight, but
somewhat concave i Bpeculum
very narrow, much narrower
than the rufeacant band at
the tip of the secondaries . . 83. P<scilon'btta,
/*. Upper wing-coverts blue or bluish [p. 281.
grey 3C. Quebquxdula,
e". Bill spatukte. [p. '.>90.
g'. No soft membrane on the sides of
the bill, towards its tip; upper
wing-coverta Mue 37. Spatcla, p. 306.
A*. BUI with B soft membrane on the
sides, towards the tip 38. MALAGOBHYKCHrs,
<i. Speculum wanting', combined with general [p. 319.
colouring greT or greyish brown.
i'. Tail normal, of mmlerate length ; bill
rather lung, equal in length to the
head, not broader at the tip than at
the Inse ; culmen distinctly concave. . 39. Mabmabonbtta,
e". Tail very short, bill broader towards [p. 320.
the tip than at the base.
f. Bill longer than the head, at the
base much higher than broad, with
the culmen much concave and with
the nwl bent backwards as in Eri»-
matura 40. StKToxktta,
^^ Bill about the length of the head, [p. 324.
neatly as high as broad at the base.
^^m 23. DEISDHOCTCNA.
145 ^H
Keif to the Sjxeit*.
H
a. FeatLera of ihe fltmkg nonnul, vii, not xary long ;
^^1
a'. Smaller upper wing-coverU deep chestnut.
s". Anierior part of the bead and throat white.
»idaata, p. U'i. ^^1
*■•. Anterior part of head not whit*.
i*. Upptjr tail-coverU whitish buff, uniromi
or Fpotied with bkck,
black walkings
fiaw, p. i'^. ^H
c'. Breast mfous-chustDUt, more or lets
with black markiiiga
amttata, p. 1S8. ^^M
javanioa, p. 150. ^^1
C Smaller upper win^-coTerte not deep chestnut.
<■", Abdomen and sides uniform black, sbarpiv
defin-d from the breast, or whitish with
nazTOw imyith bftTB j quills basally white.
^^1
iP. Mantla cbeatnut, uniform with the
back
aut»mtalii,^.lSO. ^H
1^- Mantle (^rinb brown, ahaxply detiaed
from the chestnut back
diMobr. p. ^H
a'. Abdomen and sides not uniform black, but,
like th^ breast, varied with white or black
spots ; quills not white basdly.
f. Upper tail-coverta uniform black ; larger,
wing 10-5 inches
arbor«a, p. 102. ^H
f*. Upper tail-coverta black, with white
spots or bare ; smaller, wine 6*5 inchea. .
t. Feathers of the Hanks vorr lung and acuminate ;
guttata, p. 104. ^H
under wing-cotetts banded; wing with no
chestnut mloui; sides of the breast reddish.
barred with bkck
^«„-.p.i,r.. ^m
i . Dendrocycna vidnata.
H
Anas vidual*. Linn. S. N. i. p. 205, n. 38
(1766) (Cartageoa, H
Jaemiin) ; Jnegmn, Beytr. i. p. 3, n. 2, t. 1
(1784); Gm.S. N. ^M
i. a. p. 6S8, n. 38 (1788) ; Lati. Ind. Om. a. p. 8S8, n. 65 0700) ; ^H
Bono. Ef>f.M4fh.\.o.\SQ [I'm; Hm^. JV. D.t. p. 164(1^16); ^|
iJm. Did. tk. Xat. vi. p. 383 (1817) ; Wied, Stue nach Una. ^|
pp. I«3. 168, S07 ( IfcBO), n. p. 109 (1821) ; Lidtt. Fmr. Z»ouW. p. 84 ^1
(1828) ! SUph. Om. Zool. wi. 1, p. 102 (1824
p.6»4(1830i Wied, neitr.\y.D.&n (Braxil)
Tp. 448 (1830) ; TWAad.', Cbtw. Av. iVr. n.
-, Leu. Tr. eTOm. ^M
\^2): ^Orb.Voy. ^|
S^ (Wiegm. Areh. ^H
1844, 1 p. 315) ; Burm. Tkiire Brw>. iii. p. 434 0856). ^H
Cward du Maragnon, D'Atibmt. PI. Bnl. n. 80a
^m
Canard k face blnnebe, Suf. Hitt. y<a. Oil.
U. p. 355 (1783) : ^M
ITAtara, t'oy. (fd. Sonn.]iv. p. 343 (1800).
^
Kp.n»b Duck, part., Lalh. Syn. ui. 2, p. 5S€, n. 69 (1785). ^H
Au. *4duata fi, Lalk. hd. Om. ij. p. §68, n. 663 (1790). ^1
I'aM> .ara blauca, D'Azara, Apunt. ui. p. 440, n
gUftV).
An»* Wropsia, rieill. (nee Brrhal.) ft". D. v. p.
Ueodroc-jKna liduat*, Eyt. Mm. Anal. p. flO
43.5 (1805) (Para- ^H
16 (1816). ^1
(1838); ». if. 6V. ^1
TOt. XJTU.
J
Z*rt B. Br. JftM. iii. p. 132 (Brazil) (1844) ; BarU. Vtrz. Oet.
Mut. p. 118 (1844) ; 0. R. Or. Gen. B. iii. p. 612, n. 6 (1846) ;
Bchnb. Syn. Av., Natatorea, t 89. ff. 173-74 (1846) ; Tich. Fatm.
Per.,A:<ieA,'a.M{\»m-AQ);HarU.Ind.Aiar.Aptmt.-a.^,ii.4S!i
(1847) ; GA. m Sckonib. Oiaana, iii. p. 762 (1848) ; Bhth, Cat 3,
Mu». A. 8. B. p. 301 (1849) ; LuM. Tfonuncl. Av. p. 103 (South
Amer.) (1864); Bp. Compt. Satd. xHii. p. 649, n. 55 (1866);
Later. Ann. life. A ¥. vil. p. 274 (Cuba) (1860) ; flurm. J.f. O.
1860, p. 266 (Tucuman) ; id.Za Ptatn-Beitt, ii. p. 615 (Tucuman)
(1861); Alhrteht, J.f. O. 1861, p. 214; Oandi. J.f. O. 1861,
p. 344, 1862, p. 179 (Cuba) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 209 (Guiana,
Brazil, Parapiay, etc.) ; Oiauil. Sepert. Fimeo-Nat. Cuba, i. p. 388
(1866) ; L4at. Oil. Trm. p. 609 (Tnnidad) (1860) ; Scht. 4- Salv.
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 200 (Ucayali) ; Sehkff. Mm. P.-B., Aaserea, p. 90
<1866) ; Sdat. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 160 (Rep. Arg.) ; Bs/t.
Son. Anat. p. 61 (1869) ; Peh. On. Bra*, pp. 318, 469, Iviii
(1870); Seinh. Meddd. Fork. 1870, p. 21 (Brazil); O. B. Or. •
Hand-lut, iii. p. 79, n. 10613 (1871); Burm. P. Z. S. 1872,
p. 367 ; Sdat. ^ Sah. P. Z. & 1873, p. 304 (Ucayali) ; iid.
Ifomenel. p. 129, n. 5 (1873) ; Cout*, B. If.- Wat, p. 669 (1874) ;
Chatdl.J.f. O. 1875, p. 377 (Cuba); Gieb. Thet. Orn. ii. p. 31
(1875) ; Sdat. i^ Sale. P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 376 ; Durvfird, Ibis, 1878,
p. 64 (BuenoB Ayrea) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 6(W ; Rcknv>. Om.
Centram. 1882, p. 22 ; Sdid. Lut Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 426 (1883) ;
B., B., Ii- R. Water-Birdi 2f. Am. i. p. 481 (1884) ; Gary, LUt B.
W. Ind. i. p. 30 (1886) ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 172 ; Tacz. Om. Pir.
iii p. 471 (Paru) (1886); Bmtt, Sev. Cienl. Univ. ftnir. Venez.
i. p. 43 (Veneauela) (1887) ; Berl. J. f. O. 1887, pp. 33, 124
(Paraguay) ; Ridow. Han. N. Am. B. p. 110 (1887) ; Cory, Auk,
1888, f. 60; id. S.W. Ind. p. 261 (1889) ; Fetid. Ibii, 1889, p. 600
(Barbados) ; Selat. Argmt. Om. ii. p. 128 (1889) ; Bartert, Eat.
VogebammJ. p. 228, n. 3384(1891) ; Kerr, Ibit, 1892, p. 146 (Lower
Pilcomayo) ; Berl. ^ Stolxm. P. Z. S. 1892, pp. 399, 408 (Peru) ;
CAapm. Bull. Am. Mvt. Hat. Hitt. 1894, p. 82 CTruudiKl.)
23. DEirrBOCTCKA.
147
Bfugl.J.f. 0.1863, p. 164: i7artm. iWrf. p. 463 ; HarllP.Z.S.
1S63, p. lot) (Kaieh, E. Africa) ; Rock ^ E. Neict. Jbit, 1863,
£174 (Madnmcar) ; E. j\'e»(. ibid. p. 452 (inttoduced in
auritiuB) ; &£if. P.Z.S. 1864, p. 114 (Menin^E. Afr.),p.299;
Antin. Cat. Deter, f. 113(1864); Sarin. J./. O. ISM, p. 160;
A. Ntwt. P. Z. 8. Ifm, p. 837 (Madagascar); Tini. Tw. d
Madm/. p. 4 (1866) ; Sehlis- P. Z. S. 1866, p. 426 (Mad^ascar,
Reunion, Mavotte) ; id. Mat. P.-S., Anseree, p.OO (1866) ; £iyard,
Birds S. Afr. p. 349 (1867) ; Grand. Rev. ft Mag. Zool 1868,
p. 6; ScAlrff. ^ Poll. SecA. faun, de Madag. p. 143 (1608);
Oiapm. Trav. & Afr. ii. App. p. 423 (1868) ; -Hwiffi. ftrmn. Geogr.
Mitth. 18(10, p. 413 ; id. Jteue m d. Geb. d. WeUs. NU, 1863-64,
pp. 6], 384 (1880) ; Finich ^ Hartl. rUg. Ost-Afr. p. 800 (1870) ;
O. S. Or. Band-lilt, iii. p. 79, n. 10613 (part) (1871); Andern.
B. Damara Land. p. 338 (1872) ; Savl- Om. N.O.-Afr. iL 2,
p. 1298 (1S73) ; RchnD. ^ Lahder, J.f. 0. 1873, p. 211 ; Edmui.
J./. O. 1874. p. 374 (Gold Coast) ; Bartl. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 68
{Hftdagucu) ; Bocagt, J. f. O. 1876, p. 394 (HoMoniedes), p. 434
(Biasao); ficAnw. J.f. O. 1877, p. 11 (Loango) ; JlarU. Vog.
Madag. p. 358 (1877); Fitch. ^ Rc^w. J.f. 6. 1878, p. 318
(Ori-Tana); Fiteher, ibid. p. 2IW, 1879, pp. 295, 296; ScUU.
P. Z. S. 1880, p. E09 ; SMI. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 601 (Vgogo) ; Sah.
Cbt. B. Strickl. CoB. p. 580 (Kordofan) {1882) ; BWiS * JW».
BtUr. Om. 8.-Afr. p. 328 (1882); MUne-Edto. ^ Grand. Oil.
Madag. p. 729, pi. cctotv. f. 6 (head) (1882) ; Sharpe, Layard^t
B. S. Afr. p. 751 {1&84) ; id. Joum. Linn, Soc., Zeof. xrii. p. 441
(Njam-Nyam) (1884) ; Salrad. Am. Mm. Cic. Gm. (2) i. pp. 242
(8ho«), 270 (Lake Oto) (18*4) ; Bohm, J.f. O. 1885, pp. 38, 62,
66, 67,113; FitcA. ibid. f.U5; fiH^if. /i«, 1885, p. 414 (Sgwali) ;
BarteH, J.f. 0. 1886, p. 612 (Niger-Ben ue ) ; Duboi*, BvU. Mut.
Sev- fB. y. Selg. iv. p. U9. n. 192 (1886) (Tanganyika);
Ayrtt. Ou, 1867. p. 64 ; Itchnw. J. f. 0. 1887, p. 46 (Kageh!) ;
Mafiekit. J.f. O. 1887, pp. 137, 144: Skell. Ibu, 1838, p. 307
Suignni): Sahad. Aw. Mia. Cit. Gen. (2) vi. p. 320(1886);
utr. Oif. CU/. £. p. 51 ( 1S8S) ; £enJ. /Au, 1892, p. 2-27 (Gambia) ;
SOrte, Ibi*. 1802, pp. 262, 268, ^70 (MndBgwcar) ; Saivad. Mem.
B. Ac. Se. Tar. (2| ilJv. p. 561 (Somali) (1894) ; Sehnw. VSg.
Di-uttch-Oa-Afr. p. 27, fig, p. 28 (1894).
Dcodtocvgna peraotiata, Wiirtlemb. in Utt.,fidt Bartl, Jardtn^n Qmtr.
Om. 1850. p. 140; id. J.f. O. 1654. p. 304; Bp. Compt. Bend.
xial. p. 649, D. 64 (1856) ; Kirk, Jbit, 1861, p. 338 (Zambesi) ;
a-Aw. J.f. O. 1830. p. 107 (Kamernn),
Ucndrocygnua viduatus, Brehm, J.f. O. 1855, p. 488.
Dcndrocygua viduato personata, Rehnw. J. f. O. 1689, p. 281}
(Quilimane) ; BarUrf, Eat. VogeUomnd. p. 228. n. 3386 (1801) ;
Bikntc MiOh. Naturh. Mut. at Hamb. x. p. 6 (Qiuliaiane)
(1883).*
* I ban verj little doubt that the rolluwing refsrencea belong lo Ibe pteseat
nMiW; SonDarat'a bird, (rhiob luu never been properl; ideDtified, va< probnblf
»«D lb Cap* of Good Hope:—
Im pMite Saroolk it I'iale de LufOn. Sonn. t'oy, Sbuv. Gvin. p. 91, pi. 55
(1776).
ItaniUa Teal, Uti. Sgn. iii. 2, p. 557. n. OS (17S5).
tuDltioolor. Sl-op. Del. Fler. el Faun. IttMbr. ii. p. 92, n. 74 (1786)
' of).
enns, Cm. 8. S. i. p. 523, n. 91 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Om. ii.
148 AirATn>.s.
Adtdt, Fore part of t^ head, chin, and spot on the middle of the
tliToat white ; bock of the head and npper port of the neck black,
lower neok cheetnnt ; book and ecapulars brown, the feathers of the
npper part of the bock with narrow fulvooB bars, the feathers of the
middle part of the back and the scapolan mai^ined with fnlTons ;
in the oentre of the back a ehestnat patch ; lower back, rump, and
upper tiul-ooTerts black ; centre of the nnderparts, Tent, and under
tsu-ooTerts black ; sides and flanks whitiah buff, barred with black ;
lefMT wing-ooverta chestnut, remainder of the wing-ooTerts slaty
blac^ the median ones and the tertials with on olive tinge ; quills
brown-black; tail black; iris dark brown: " bill with nail black,
with a grey cresoent-like band behind the nail ; tarsi and fert with
membranes lead-oolonr" {Wud), Total length about I7'5 inches,
wing 9, tail 2-5, culmen 2, tarsns Id.
Femalt. Similar.
IvoMivirt birdt have the middle of the abdomen whitjsh mixed
witbblaok.
Tmmg in down. Pale greyish brown above, whiHah below and on
the sides of the head ; a dark band through the eyes from the
fbrehead backwards ; a white band across tiie occipnt ; four whitish
spots on the sidee of tlie back and two lower down on the sides of
tSe ramp.
There is no tangible difference between the American and
African birds ; oocaaionally specimens from both localities have the
white of the head slightly tinged with fulTous, and the white spot
on tiie middle of the throat not separated by a black band from the
iriiite of the chin.
Bah, Woflt Indies, Sonth America as far sonth as Argentine
Repnblio, Africa south of the Sahara, and Madagascar.
w
"^!^
14» ^1
^M s-
Brazil.
Lord Stuart de Roth* ^^H
.say [P.], ^M
Solvin-GodmauOolL ^H
^B A. c^ ML ak.
Cuvaba, Braii!, March
Bahia, firniil ( Wwihtra-).
^B
SalTin-OodmanColl. ^^|
^H /. cj' Bd. ak.
Buenos Ayres, Sept.
U. Uuniford, B»q. ^H
^"
.4/Vicaii tpecimena.
«. PuU-rt.
? W. Africa.
Purchased. ^H
«. Ad-dt.
Gamtna.
H. J. Etwee, Eeq. ^H
«. Ad.«k.
Fantee.
IL V. Bliasett, Esq. ^H
Shelley ColL ^|
». Ad. 8k.
Fmtee (Utiher).
f-J. d 2 •d. ak.
Aam, }iayt J. SmxM.
ShelleT UoU. ^H
«. .\d.»k.
Benue B.
Capt. Mochler Peny- ^H
f^ V. Ad. It. ot
•k.
^^ *. Ad. «k.
Lake Tchad.
M^Denham [P.]. ^H
Njam-Djam.
F. Bohndorff, Esq. ^H
F. J JackH.li, Eeq. ^|
Bhellev CoU. ^H
^H y.$ ad.sk.
Lamu, Aug,
^1 ^
HAmboio [Kirk).
^B d'. Ad.Bk.
^H »\«',<f. d Sad.
LAe Shirwa, NyasM-land,
Shelley Coll. ^H
H. H. JohuBton, Esq. ^H
H
Feb, ( »-%<«).
■
^H •-. Ad.
Lake NyaiM (f ■>■«).
Livinirstone Esped, ^^H
^H /<-5'. Ad.sk.
Zarabeai [BrwUhaw).
Shelley Coll. ^H
^1 A. Ad. .k.
Zambe»i {Kirk).
Liviti)r»tone Exp. ^^|
^H )*. $ Bd. sk.
Potchefstroom, Nov. (J.
T<,yhr).
SHli-iu-Godman Ooll. ^H
^» »'. Jut. 8k.
No localiw.
1 r. Ad. ak.
Madagascar.
Purchased. ^H
wt. Ad. ak.
We«t of .A-ntananarivo, Uada-
gnectr, July {Dta-u Coiom).
TweeddaleCoU. ^H
I .-. Ad.ak.
Seebohm ColL ^^|
^H a*. Skeleton.
2. Deiidroc7cna fnlva.
■
^1 MHlouin du Kleiique. JJru'o. 0/-». d. p. 390 (Mexico) (1700), ^H
^H Feofitoped)'
DBTicana, £rua. ibid.
^H MeJiimi Pocfaud, XoM. Syfl. ui. S, p. 634 (17Bfi]. ^H
^H AuM Mva, f?rR. 5. N. i. p. 530, n. 100 (1788) \ex Brluon) ; LaA. ^H
^H /n/j, Om.
u. p. 863, n. 79 (171)0) ; Bonn.
Enc. Mali. i. p. 137 ^^
^M (1700) : r>rtU: iV. X>. V. p. 127 (ISIB) ; IHm. Dkt. &. ifat. -n. ^H
^M p. SSJ (1817) 1 Wasl. Im, 1831, p. 532 (Mexico) ; Wud. BeUr.iv. ^H
H r«t« TOXO r
13) (Brazil) ; Bwm. ^nt. Uth. Thifr. Bra*, iii. p. 436 ^H
negro, Axara, Apmt. iii. p. 443, n. 436 (Pangoay) ^H
^B (1805} 1 ti,
^H Anu bicolor
rov., &nn. erf. iv.p, 344(18091
, rieiU. fi. D. V. p. 136 (1810) (,j- .^a<ra) ; id. Enc. ^H
^1 .V«(A. i. p.
355(ie33>; fi. ^. Gr. ««i. i(. i
ii. p. 610, a. 17 (1846), ^H
^H App. p. 28 (1^9); Hartl. Ind. Atara. p. ^, n. 43(1 (1647); ^H
■ i:^. bu.
rrin. p. 5U (Trinidad) (ISIW) ;
£»rm, P. Z. 8. 1672, ^H
^H p. 870 (Pa»D&).
J
Asu TirgatA, Wied, Bate Bnu. i. p. 323 (1820).
Fnligtda Mva, Steph. Gen. Zool. xii. 1, p. 204 (1824).
Fuluula biniloT, Steph. I. c. p. 208 (1824).
DendroDessa fulva, Wt^l. Int, 1832, p. 282.
Nytoca fulTa, O. S. Or. Qen. S. iU. p. 621, n. 7 (1844).
Anas sinuata, Licht. in Mut. Berol. (jMe Bp.).
Anas collvis, Merrem {ntc Donov.) in Eiich u. Qru6. Enc. sect, i.
ToL zxzT. p. 81 (1841) (iM- Axara).
Dendrocjgna fulya, Btirtl. Sutt. Vers. Get. Mia. p. 118, n. 8 (Brazil)
(1844); LicM. Xomend. Av. p. 102 (1864); Bp. Compt. Send.
xliii. p. 640, n. 68 (1856) ; Baird, B. JV. Am. p. 770 (Oalilbniia)
(1858) ; id. op. cit. ed. 1860, pi. 83. f. 1 ; iiL Cat. iV. Am. B.
n. 576 (1859) ; Xanttu, JV. Ae. Pkilad. 1869, p. 192 (Fort Tejon) ;
Bnrm. J.f. O. 1860, p. 266 (Tucuman) ; id. La Ftata-Seae. ii.
p. 614 (1861); Sclat. P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 301, 1866, p. 149; Dreu.
aU, 1866, p. 42 (Texag) ; Covet, Pr. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 98
(Amona) } Sehl^. Mut. P.-B., Ansores, p. 87 (1866) ; Moore, Am.
Sat. iv. p. 126 (1871) (New Orleans, iKiuisiana) ; Sdat. P. Z. S.
1867, p. 687 (Zool. Gard.) ; Sdal. * Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 635
(Argentina) ; Bluth, Ibit, 1870, p. 176 (=inaior) ; Pels. Om. Brat.
pp. 819, 459 (1870) ; Q. R. Gr, Sand-litl, iii. p. 79, n. 10616
(Wl);^!.^.^. Z.S. ]872,p.S67; Ow»,iiy, p. 284(1872) ; »rf.
Otedt-litt, a. 466 (1873) ; Sdat. ^ Salv. Nomenel. p. 129 (187S);
Coaet, B. N.' Wett, p. 668 (1874) ; Later. Mem. Boet. Soc. N. B. li.
p. 818 (1874); Oieb. Thet. Om. ii. p. 31 (1876): Sdat. ^ Salv.
P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 372 ; Dumf. Hit, 1878, p. 63 ; MerriU, Pr. U.S.
Nat. Mut. i. p. 170 (1878) ; JfcAnic. Om. Centraibl. 1882, p. 22 ;
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 625; Gmet, Check-litt, 2nd ed. p. 112,
n. 705 (1882) ; Sdat. Litt Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 427 (1883) ;
Oauet, Kes, 2nd ed. p. 689, n. 705 (1884) ; Taez. Om. Pir. iii.
p. 470 (Moyobamba) (1886) \ A.O.U. Code of Horn, and C%<cfc-
lift, p. 129, n. 178 (1886) ; Bidgw. Mm. N. Am. B. p. 119 (1887) ;
Bert. J. f. 0. 1887, p. 124; Sdal. Arg. Om. n. p. 126 (1S89);
Triitr. Cat. Colt. B. p. 51 (W. Mexico) (1889); AUen, Bull. Am.
Mut. N. H. ii. p. 2I!9 (1689) : S/iarpe, Cat. Osteol. "
23. DEHDBOCTCRA.
151
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 1046 (MadagaecM, Zool. Garf.) ; SehUg. ^ FoU.
SkL Fam. Madag. p. 161 (1866); \Blyth, IbU, 1870, p. 176
(=fiilTa) ; Bimgl. Om. N.O.-Afr. u. p. 1303 (1873) ; Gieb. Thtt.
Ora. ii. p. 31 (MadairasCM) (1875) ; Marti. Vog. Madag. p. 350
(1877) i Sibrte, Ibis, 1893, p. 270 (Madaf[as»»r).
DendrocTgna afiicana, G. S. Gr. Hand-iUt, iiL p. 79, n, 10(309 (1871)
lUugl. Om. N.O.-Afr. ii. p. 1304 (1873); id. ly. cit. ISacAHx.
p.(acii(l87l).
Dendrocygafi lulva, Fmtch ^ Bartt. Fog. Oti-Afr. p. 808 (Sen
Kordofan) (1870) ; Jlewfl. On,. S.O.-A/r. ii. p. 1301 (1873)
op. cit. Nachtr. p. cicix (1871 1) ; &lat. ^ Saie. P. Z. S. 1876,
^ 372 (part.) {MadagaMar); Hartl. Abh. Brtm. 1882, p. 216
(Lado) ; Bolub ^ Pels. BrUr. Om. S.-AJr. p. 328 (1882) ; Sahad.
Ann. Mut. Cic. Gen. (2) i. p. 243 (Sboa) (1884); Duboix, BvU.
Mm*, fty. d-Jl. y. de Beig. iv. p, 149, d. 191 (188(1) (Tanganyika)
Ke/Utte. J./. O. 1887, p. 46 (Kagehi) j Salvad. Atiu. Mw>. Civ
Gen. (2) vi. p. 320 (Slioa) (1888) ; BcAiiw. Fog. Dailieh-Ost-Afr
p. 27 (1^94).
Dendrocycna major, Sdat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 510 (Ewt -Ifiiea, Mada-
gaecar).
Ilemlrocygna arcuat8,VRr. major, Milne-Edw. S( Orand. Oit. Madag.
p. 731, pi. cckiii, (bird), udxiiii., cclxiiy. (osteoIoRT), celxxr. a.
f.S (head) (1882).
DtJDdrocvima mojor, Jvrd. Madr. Joum, xil p, 218, n. 377 (1840);
id. lU. hd. Om. pi. 23 (1843) i G. H. Or. LiU ^. B. Br. Mue.
i. p, 612, n. 2 (1845) ; Bartl. Erit.
218 (1846); BIgth, Orl. B. Miu.
iiL p. 131(1844); id. Gen. i
yaeAtr. Fogrltamml. p. 19.
A. S. B. p. 301, n. 1761 (1849) [Lower Bengal) ; Meknb. Sgn. Ao.,
Natatores, t. 100. t 2768 (ez Jerdon) (I860) ; Jerd. B. o/lnd. iii.
p. 700 (sjn. emend.) (1864) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 300 (India) ;
Bfytii, Ibit, 18&5, p. 39 (India), 16W;, p. 149 (India) : SchUg. Mu$.
P.-B., Anseres, p. 90 (1866) ; Blyth, Ibi$, 1867 ji, 175; Eyt. Sm,
Ama. D. 59 (evn. emend.) (1869) ; G. B. Or. Sand-Ua, in. p/ig,
n. 10611(1871); .ffuDi«,A>«te(in(f^(, p. 640(1873); Qieb.Thei.
Orn. ii.p. 31 (India) (1875); H«me, Str. Feath. id. D.im (Cpf^i
Pegu) (1875) ; Sflai. If- Salv. P. Z S. 1870, p. 373 ; Wardl. Bona.
Ibu, 1877, p. 472 ; Br/mw. Om. Centraldl. 1882, p. 22 ; Sclot. Lilt
Frrt. An. ISlli ed. p. 427 (1883).
DendrocTgna arcuata, tu. major, Bp. Compt. Band, xliii. p. 640,
11.53 d (1866).
Dcndrocygiui fulva, Sdat. * Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 372 (India) ;
Sume 4- Davit. Str. Feath. vi. p. 488 (1878) ; Hume, Str. Featk.
rii-p. 463(1879),viii. p. 115,n.953 (1879); Legge, B- qf Qyl.
p. 1069, 06*. (1880) ; Stone ^ Marth. Game Birdi, iu. p. 119,
pi. Ifi (1880) : Parker, Str. Feath. is. p. 487 (1881) ; Oatei, Sir.
Jiath. X. p. 245 (1882) i id. B. Br. Burmah, ii. p. 274 (1883) ;
Jittmr.yiit4^lMg,(0ate»'ed.),m.^. 2m 11890) i Sartert, Kat.
VogeUammi. p. 2K. n. 3386 (Calcutta) (1891).
DendrocTcna major, Sdat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 510 (Indial ; BcHnw.
Vog. 'd. coot. GhH. p. 60 (1882) ; Tridr. Cat. C-U. B. p. 51
(Kumcbee) (l!<89).
Adnlt. Head, neck, and lower parte deep reddish ochraceous,
into cinnamon oq the flanks, where the longer featbors havo
152 urnxDM,
a broad meual stripe of pale ochraoeooB, boidered by dusky ; crown
ferruginonB, nape with a distiQct brown-blaok stripe, commencing
at the ocoipat; middle of the neck whitiab, ntiiiately streaked
with dusky od the edges of the feathers ; prerailing colour above
brownish black, the dorsal and scapular feathers broadly edged with
cinnamon colour, giving a barred appearance ; lesser wing-coverts
chestnut; npper and under t^-corerte huSy whit« ; quills and tail
dark brown ; " bill bluish black, legs bright slaty blue " (Merrill) ;
"irides hiown" (Whiu). Total length 18-20 inches, wing 8*10-
8-90, toil 2-2, culmen 1-66-1-95, tarsus 2-10-2-4, middle toe 2-30-
2*8.
Female asaia.
Yoong bird* bsve reiy little cbeetnnt colour on the smaller upper
-wing-coTerta : the nnderparts paler ; the upper tail-coverts narrowly
margined with brown.
Young in dwnn. Upper parts greyish brown ; lower parts whitish ;
a white band across the ocdpnt, isteiTupted by the brown band
-which runs along the hind-neck ; a brown band from the ean to the
hind-neck ; no white patches on the sides of the back ; a whitish
band across the wing.
Sab. America (&om Sontham border of the United States to
Uezico), and then from TenezQela and Fem to Argentine Republic ;
Africa south of the Sahara, and Madagascar ; Asia, the greater
part of India and Rnrmah.
«. Ad. bL No locality (Sfatutia CoU.). E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].
Amtriean tptnment.
I. (J od. sk. Galveston, Texas, June (7/. -E. Sal rin-Godman Coll,
Dretser).
e-h. {? g lul. all. Corpus Cbrieti, _TeMj, May, Salvin-Godiuan Coll.
23. DENDBOCTC.VA. 153
\a PUt«, Bueoos Avrea, Nov. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(B. H". WhiU). '
Afriean ipedimm.
Lasdona, Conga (I. Pelii). Shelley Coll.
Pslomtd R.. Shirwa Plains, H. H. Jobnston, Esq.
Aug, (A. rrhyte).
/-*'. cf 5 id. dt. Lake Shirwa, Feb. {A. WAjfte).
I
r Ad. d.
m'. Ad.ak.
r*. JTuv. ak.
«'. <f ftd. »k.
«t imm. «k.
(f ad. sk
Indian apeeirMni.
Sindh, Dec., Jan.
nylnibftd.
Bhawulpoi
Nepal (Hodgi
CalculU, Not.
Dec.
CalcutlA, Nor., Dec., Jan.
Feb., March (.4. O. H.).
Tonghoo, July {R. G. W. R.).
ft", f". <; 2 ad. LowM Pegu, July.
[P.].
H. H. JoUnaton, E«q.
[P.].
FuKhased.
India Museum [P.].
Hume Coll.
India MuBeum.
Hume Coll.
India Museum [P.I.
Col. J. Biddulph
[C.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
E. W. Gates, Esq.
[C.].
. oaeietoD.
3. DeodTOc^cna arcuata.
Anfu javBnicH, var. 8, Uor>f. Tram. Linn. Soe. »iii. p. 200 (1891)
(Java).
Abm aicuaU, Cue. in Mii*. Paru • ; Jlonf. Zool. Ret. in JaM,
pi. 65 (1333) (JftTa); Lea. Tr. d'Orn. p. 634 (1831) (Java);
yin»ch, Nfu-fSuin. p. 183 (1865) (Port Eednirton, Amboina,
Celebes, Jnva) : Rouab. Bfitt. naar Gretmnkb. p. 118 (ISTo).
DeDdroDeiifia arcuata, Wagl. Ini, 1832, p. 382.
DeudMCTSna aj-cuata, Sw. Ciaiti. B. li. n. 365 0887): ? Hartl.
Vm. 'Qu. Mui. p. 118 (IHU) ; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 612, n. 1
fl845) (excl. iyn); OoaM, B. Auitr. vii. pL 14 (1840) j RchtA.
Vos. XeuAoa. p. 521 (1851) ; ? Roienb. N. T. S. L ixv. p. 256,
n. 301 (1863) 1 id. J.f. O. 1864, p. 138, n. 301 ; Rana. Ibi», 1665,
p. 87; Digsl Om. Atutr. pi. 114. f. 2 (pt. xxi, 1870) ; Li^«, B.
^ Ccy/. p. 10*10 (1830) : SalsaA. Am. Mv». Civ. Gen. nviu. p. 400,
11.2(18®); Bitu.J.f. O. 1884, p. 919 (S.E. Bijmeo) ; 9 Harlfrt,
Kat. Vogflmmml. p. 229(1891); Wigtrne. Aeet Pi-li/nrs. p. 69,
n. 346 (1891).
Aw badis, S. Mm. Verh. Land- en VaOtenk. p. 159 (1839-44)
(Moluccas, descr. nulla).
Deodiocygna Titans, ^fl. MS. ; G. R. Gr. Lift Spec. B. Brit. Mu*.
iii. p. 131 (1&)4, Mnnitln, deecr. nulla) ; t'liuer, Zuol. Tap. pi. U6
(1649) (Manilla) : RcAiit/. ^. Av., Natatorea, t. eclxxxvii. f. 2301
iti Fnter) (1850) ; G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 198; i<l. Cat. B.
Vtv Oum, p. 63 (1850) ; id. Cat. B. Trap. hi. p. &1 (Fiji) (I8-S9} ;
Waa.P. Z.S. 1803.p. 487 (Timor) 1 Selat. P.Z. «. 1864. p. 300;
Bfyth, Ibit, 1865, pp. 38, 39; Pelt. Nooara Reiie, Vhgel, p. 137
• Uad«r tbp name at Anasati.-uata. Cur., lliere are six apeeinien» in the Pari*
II ■III, two belonginn l<i (bif itpeoiia and four to D. jaitaniea, nil ooUected
t^ UidMDKilt; eridently Cmiar, like Uorifield, did not diiiinguiih the two
(1866) (Manilla) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 149 ; SMtff. Uut. P^B.,
AnsereB, p. 88(1866); f^£&,/6u,1887,p. 17S; Harti. ^ Fintek,
Fama Centraipoiyn., Om. p. 211 (1867); Bam*. P. Z. S. 1888,
p. 388; Bh/th, IbU, 1870, p. 176 ; O. R. Or. Hand-HO, iii. p. 7B,
n. 1061U (1871) ; La«ard, Ibu, 1872, p. 90 ; WaU. Traiu. Zool.
Soc. viii. p. 102 (1879) ; Tatedd. Tratu. Zool Sac. iz. pp. 242,
262 (1876) ; Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 30, 440 (Viti-Ievu) j
Girb. Thea. Om. ii. p. 31 (1876) ; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Qen.
' (1876) (Bioto) ; Layard, IbU, ?'""
iz. p. 4» (1876) (U[oto) ; Layard, IbU, 1876, p. 303; Briiggem.
AM. natural. Ver. Brent, t. p. 98 (1876) ; Bam». Pr. Lim. Soc.
N. S. W. i. pp. 77, 196, 217, 386 (1876), ii. p. 200, n. 664 (1877) ;
D'ASi. Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248 ; id. Arm. Mm. Civ. Oen. i.
pp. 19, 20 (1877) ; id. Ibit, 1877, p. 372 ; Sharpe, Jaum. Linn. Soc
iiii. p. 606 (1877) ; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 769, 834, 1878,
pp. 602, 712, 954 ; Hume, Str. Peath. vi. p. 488 (note) (1878) ;
Bamt. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 301 (1878), iv. p. 102, n. 211
(1879); Ro»enb. Malay. ArcAip.vv. 279 (Gorsm), 373 (Aru, K6),
664 (New Guinea) (1878-70) ; ITAlb. ^ Salvad. Ann. Mui. Civ.
Gen. xiv. p. 134 (1879) (Fly River) ; Meyer, Ibit, 1879, p. 144
(Celebes); ITA^. Nuova Guin. pp. 686, 688(1880); La/ge, B.
Gyl. p. 1069 (observ.) (1880) ; Tmedd. Om. Workt, pp. 201, 404,
643,661,602,626,6^(1881); Wardl. Bam*, ibid. p. UQO (18B1) ;
Be/mte. Om. CentrcMt. 1882, p. 23; Salv. Cat. B. Strichi. CoO.
p. 631, n. 2586 (1882) ; Bla*. J. / O. 1883, p. 133 (Celebes) ;
Vorderm. N. T. N. L xliii. p. 133 (JaTH) (1883), ilvi. pp. 222,
240, n. 462 (Bandjermasain) (1887), ihi. p. 419 (Sumatra?)
(1869); BoBi*. Tab. Li*t,v.22, n. 666(1888); fBvereU, Joura.
Str. Br. B At. Soc. 1889, p. 192 (1880) : North, Cat. Neati ^ Eggt
^urtr.p, 339(1889); Wigkw. Ace* Polyn.-^.m {\^l).
Dendrocygna arcuata (austnlis), BrJmb. ^/n. Av., Natatorea, t. 91.
ff. 2660-61 (1850) {ex Gould).
Uendrocygna arcuata, tax. gouldi, Bp. Compt, Bend, xliii. p. 649,
D. 63e(1856).
Dendrocfg-nn arcuala, var. vagans, Bp. Aid. n. 68 <j (1856).
Dendrocygna badia, G. it Gr. P. Z. 8. 1800, p. 366 (Moliiccaa).
155
alinoBt white ; back and scapulars blact, witli the edges bright
rnfons-cbestnut, on the npper back the block part of the feathers
with rufouH spots or bars ; rump black ; median upper tail-coverts
black, the lateral ones bufly wliite, more or lees spotted with black ;
brast pale rufoun, each feather with black dots or crescent-like
spots in the middle, and shading into the bright rufous -cbestnut
of the abdomen ; lower abdomen and the under tail-coveits whitish
buff, the latter uniform, but the abdomen with brown spots ; the
fe«thera of the flanks with broad mesial bufiy uhite streaks, edged
with black : lesser and median wing-coverts bright chestnut, the
gr««t«r ones, t^uills, and tail black : irides brown ; bill blackish or
daik ash}: ; tarsi and feet dark ashy. Total length about 17>ncheB,
wing 8-5, tail 2'8, culmen 1-7, tarsus 1-85.
Frmatt similar.
Uaf,. Philippines, Celebes, Borneo. Java, Timor, Sumba, Molucoaa,
New Gninea, Australia, New Caledonia, and Fiji Islands.
m, i. Ad. St, Manilla, Philippine Is. CumingColl. (Type
of Deudrocyana vagatu, Eyton.)
e. S jnv. ak. Cntbalugan, Samar, April. L. L. Moselev, Esq.
[0.].
4 «. cf mL et Cebu, March, April (A. E. Tweeddale CoU.
jii». ak. Everett).
/. iS ad.ak. S- Lejte, Sept. (A. E. E.). Twceddale Col],
y. A. rf J ad. sk. Arnparo, July {A. E. B.). TVeeddole Coll.
.; *, t 2 ad. et N. Bohol,Oct.,NoT. (A.E. E.). Tweeddale CoU.
(J 2 jUT. Sk.
at, ■•■ ij *d. et SiquijoT, Feb.
St $ ad. sk. Zamboanga, April [A. E. E.).
p. Ad. A. N. Mindanao [A. E. £.).
f. ^ ftd. ak. Maliniaui, Nor.
y
MskaMor (A, R. Wallace).
£. L. Moseley, E«q-
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
E. L. Moselev, Esq.
[CO.
Tweeddale Coll.
A. R. Wallace, Esq.
[P.]-
H. J. Hives, Esq.
Indi
Museum ri'.].
m. Aa. ak.
lSad.ak.
^, V, tf. Ad. et
inr. ak.
if, %'. Ad. ek.
/, /. S ad. rii.
«tad. St.
A-. Ad.s]i.
e, k: Ad. sk.
r. AA-tk.
(Type of Horsfield's plat*), Zool. Rts. pf. 65.)
Java (Horrid). India Museum [P.].
(One of the types of Anatjaeankv, sar. j3, Horsf.)
E. Timor {A. R. W.). Tweeddale Coll.
E. Timor. A. R. Wallace, Esq.
[P.].
I. Salvin-Oodman Coll.
lAwr«iiceR.,AustmiiR(/n^
Port Esaington.
Salvin-fioduiBQ Coll.
J. B. Jukee, Esq.
^L r. Ad. tj
Now Caledonia. Tweeddale Coll.
Viti Levu, Fiji Is,, Sept. (/. Vovage of II.M.8.
X*. Mac<lof,ald). • Alert.'
Kandi, Rji Is. {E. L. Layard). Seebohm Coll.
4. DendrocTcna JftTiuoa.
Anas jayuiica, Hor^. Tr. Zarm. Sac. xiiL p. 199 (Java) (1821).
Adbb Mcuata, part. Sorif. Zoot. Rt». in Jaca, text of pi. 66
{1822J; Syka (nee Cuv.), P. Z. 8. 1831, p. 125.
Anns Bp., Saffi. Tr. Linn. Soe. xiii. p. 3al (SunaBtre) (1822).
Mareca swsuree, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 166 (Dukhun) ; Leu. Ooa^L
de B^., Oit. ii. p. 634 (1837); id. ap. dt. 2Qd ed. p. 721 (1838).
Dendrocjgna arcuata, Sjb. [nee Cw>.) Clatt. S. ii. p. 86J) (Java)
(1837) ; Eut. Moti. Anat. p. 108 (1838; ; Sodgt. m Oray'a ZaoL
Mite. p. 86, n. 581 (ISM) ; O. R. Or. Litt »*m. B. Brit.
Mus. ill. p. 131 (1844): id. Gen. B. iii. p. 612, n. 1 (Bvn.
emend.) (1845); id. Cat ^c. Bodgi. QiU. B. M. p. 144
(1846) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mta. A. S. B. p. 301, n. 1762 (1849);
Selaart, Frodr. Cat. ■p. 136 (1862) (Ceylon); ?Licit. NomeneL
Ac. p. 102 (Bengala, Java) (1654) ; Ij^ard, A-an. ^ Mag. N. H.
liv. p. 269 (1854) ; G. R. Or. Cat. Spec. Hodgi. CoU. B. M.
2Dd ed. p. 76 (1863) ; Sciat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 224 (Baajei^
miuuiiiiK),1864, p. 300 (port.); BIgth, Ibit, 1865, p. 89; Atf.
BeiaeNaoara, Voget,-p.iSJ (Java) (1865); SchUg. Mm. F.-B.,
AnMrea, p. 89(1866); Blfth, Ibit, 1867, p. 175; Egt. StgmL
Oiteol. Av. pi. — (1862) ; id. Sgn. Anat. tv 60 (1869) ; G. R.
Or. Sand-lilt, iii. p. 79, n. 10608 (1871) ; Hume, Str. JVatt. L
p. 260 (Sindh) (1872-73) ; Anderi. Ibit, 1874, p. 222; Hume,
/fettt and Eggs, p. 639 (1873-74) ; Salead. Ucc. Bom. p. 362 (part)
(1874); Hume, Str. Feath. ii. p. 316 (Nicobars) (1874); BaU,
ibid. p. 437 (1874) ; Hume, ibid. p. 483 (TenuMrim) (1874) ; Bli/th,
B. Bum. p. 166 (1876) ; Oieb. Thet. Dm. ii. p. 30 (part.) (1876) ;
JTonH. Jtow, /iw, 1877, p. 472; Oatei, Str. Ftath. v. p. 169
(1872) ; Rdtnw. Om. Omtralbl. 1882, p. 22 ; Salv. Ott. B. Striekl.
CoU. p. B31 , n. 2685 (1682) ; Forrf^rm. K T. K I. sliii. p. liH
(Java) (1883); ? B/a-. J. /. O. 1884, p. 219 (BanBkavi Lake);
Graboioky, Omit, 1885, p. 163 (Bangkau, S.E. Botn«o); A.
Mutt. J. f. O. 188.-), p. 162 (Salnnjra): Vordfrm. N. T. If. I.
23. DESDRocrcNi,
157
I
p. 1S8 (Ceylon) ; Srebk. IbU. 1887. p. 181 (Loo-choo Id.) ; »vn.
Pr. U.S. Nat. Mug. x. ji. 3ilT (Loo-cLoo I.) (1887) ; id. ZeiUckr.
gc». On. 1S87, p. im ; Slpait, Ibis, 1869, p. 44^ (Sliaogbu) ;
Bluett, Jmtm. fitr. Dr. R. At. Sae. 1889, p. 102 ; Hume, NeHi
j- Efp* lOata' ed.), iii. p. 381 (1800) ; Seebh. Birds Jap. En^.
p. 2W (1890) ; HarUrt, Kal. FcmUammi. p. 229 il8»l) ; SAarpe
Cat. Otlrol. Spedm. Coll. Surg. id. p. 'M (1891) ; SickeK. I6ii,
1804, p. 225 (Cliina).
i)eDdro(-vgDa arcuatA, vni. minor, Bp. Compt. Itfod. xliii. p. 649,
li.fi3A(l&jei).
Dendrocvwui wcuaU, part., Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 610 (India) ;
Sehni: V6g. der tool. Giirt. p. 69 (1882).
t)a)<Iroe;ciUi JAVauica, Sah-ad. Om. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 388 (1882) ;
Oigl. Atif. Ital. p. 301 (1880) ; Salvad. £1. t'er. Ital. p. 256
(1887) : Si. Ann. Mh.. CSi: Gfn. (2) ir. p. 616 (Burmah) (1967) ;
Gigl. loin. Avif. Ital. pt-iixiv. pi. 416 (1867) ; G^l, Prima tUtar.
Avif. Ital. pi. 1, p. 40.5 (1889), pt, 2, p. 36 (1800).
Adah. Fnrchcad, oroim, and occiput brown, more nifotu on the
loreheail : sides of tho heail and nock palu greyish fulvotts, darker
oa the hind-neck ; chin and throat whitish ; back and scapulars
dvk brown, each feather broadly edged with rufoiu ; rump black ;
upper taU-coverts chestnat ; breast yellowish ochreoua, shading
gradually into the light chestnut of tho lower plumage ; feathers of
the fiankH fulvous-brown, with white-fulvous streaks along the
middle ; axillarief brown-black ; under tail-coverts whitish fulvous ;
le&ser and median upper wing-coverts chestnut, greater coverts und
ijuills ashy black, the quills darker ; tail brown : " bill, legs, and
fe«t brownish blue, the nail of the bill nearly black: iris brown ;
evelids bright yellow ; claws bluish hom-colour" {Oatet). Total
length about 16 inches, wing 7'0, tail 2-3, cuLmen 1'9, tarsus 1".
Pemalt. Similar.
Bab. India, Ceylon, Indo-Burmeae countries, Siam, Cochiflchiaa,
Cldiia, Loo-choo Islands, Ualay Fouinsula, ijnmatra, Borneo, and
Jan •.
a, Juv. St.
A. Ad.«k.
«, 2 wLak.
rf. Ad-ik.
«. 9»d.*k.
f,0,K AA.»
•it.
I. Ad.etjui
India {Btyth).
E, Narra, SindU, July (£
A. ButlfT).
Oodrn, Pniieh AlehoU, Sept.
Jhaneee, >^pt,
av. Etawnb, Au^.
sk. OuJh.
Oudh, Dec.
ad. Snugor, Central Provinces,
Aug. to Dec.
Hump Coll.
nuwe Coll.
Hume Coll.
Capl. SWckl
Pinwilt ri'.i
Hum^ Coif.
Hume (.'ull.
■ Ue iMt tpccitDBU ia tb» lilt belo*. b; mistalre nod irith a quer;, u
'' * u frMn the ititcriur of Afrios {Major Denhamj. It is importAQt to
at 111* only tpwia of Vtndnevavt reoordetl m ojBt with during the
I Jonnxy of Dnttiaw aud CUppertun i> D. viduata.
»,t,u. Ad. »k.
et
Nepal.
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
DiuaMuseum [P.l
ndia Museum [P.l
HumeColL
ir-y. Ad. flk.
c Ad.Bk.
«'. Imm. ak.
N«i*l(if.H..Hbiy»«).
Darjeelinff.
Bbotan Terai, Jan. {£.
Jtfmafcfli).
fibotan Doan, Jan. (X. Jf.).
Aseam.
Dollab, Aaaam, May {/.
Dipur Bbeel, Assam, Nor.
(A. W. OumneU.).
Suddya, Aaaam, March,
April {J. C).
Klkouahah, Cwhar {J.
Sa^pur, April.
Maunbhoom, Feb. {R. C.
Beavan).
Calcutta, Feb.
b: Jut. ik.
e. Ad.8k.
<r, e". {J 2 mL ak.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale CoIL
Hume Coll.
/,/. rfSjav.Bk.
A'-f . (J ad. et ad.
ak.
»'. Ad. ak.
Tweeddale ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume ColL
n'. Ad. ak.
n\ S ad. 8k.
p-. ?ad.ak.
?■. rf ad. ak.
India Muaeum [P.].
IlumeCoU.
H. J. Hires, Esq.
Col'j. Kddulph,
H. J. Eiwea, Esq.
r'. <J ad. ak.
Calcutta, Jan. [J. Andtrton).
V. cJ ad. ak.
*'. Ad. 8k.
tt'. Ad. ak.
i/. Ad. ak.
w'-i'. Ad. ak.
et
CAlewtU.,Feh. (J. Biddulph). ri^dale ColL
dency {Major WymA).
Dacca. Hume Coll.
Deccan (^ke>). India Museum [P.],
(Type of ATareca awturee, Sykea.)
Deccan (S^lx,). India Muaeum [P.].
a". Ad. ak.
6". 2 ad. Bk.
Ceylon.
Gianfa Tank, Ceylon, Feb.
Dr.J.KBl«art[C.].
Hume Coll.
«», a>, e*. Ad. et
iu*. ^
rf'.f'.A <JS ad.
•k.
J», *». rf 2 Bd. Bk.
I'-w". (f ? Ml. ak.
«*,«*. <J ad. et
jUT. d(.
jH. Ad. i.
2 J. SBKDUOCTCKA.
Loo-choo Is., Aug. (JT.
iVjw).
Kossoom, Apiil, May {J.
Darling).
Port Blair, S. Andaniftns,
Mny (ii. J. Wimberlen).
Triokiit Is., Nicobare, teb.,
March { W. D.).
Trinkut Is.. Jan. (fl. j: »'.).
ProT. Welleeley
Hnimg {Dr. Cantor).
{Dr.
T*. Ad. sk.
/■. Ad.ak.
I*. Ad.at.
a*. S mL ek.
«*. Ad. ct.
Suwatra ( Carl Hock).
Java {HortfieUl).
Jnvn {? Jlortfield).
Java ifliorf/).
[Interior of Africa.]
Seebohm CoU.
Hume CoU.
Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddfde Coll.
India Maseum [P.],
India Museum
Capt. U. J.
Tweeddale GoU.
A. R. Wallace, Esq.
[C.]. ^
Tweeddftle Coll.
India Museum [P.].
(Type of the species.)
India .Museum \V.].
Salvin-liodman Call,
[Major Deiiham[P,].]
. Dendrocjcna antnmnaUs.
Bed-bUlod Whistling Huck, Edw. Birds, i\. pi. 194 (West Indies)
(ITW) i Latfi. S./n. iii. 2, p. 4118, u. 47 (1785) ; id. Sujipi. i. p. 274
(1787).
Anas listalaris americnna, Britt. Ortu vi. p, 400, pi. 38 (1760)
(Am^rique septentrionnle).
\jiaa aiitumnalis, Linn. S. X. i. p. 205, n. 3» (1766) ; Gm. S. N. i. 2,
p. 537, n. 39 (part.) (1788); LntA. Ind. Orn. u. p. 852, n. 63
(pari.) (1790) ; ifwn, Enc. Mitk. i. p. 140 (part.) (1790) ; rifiU.
k. D. V. p. 153 (part.) (1810) (Cayenne) ; Dum. Diet. He. Nat. Ti.
^369 (part.) (1917) ; Stei>A. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 09 (frart.) (1834).
or a bee rouice et narines jauiieg, part., Buff. Hitt. .Vat. Oi».
U. p. 183 (1783).
DeodroDeesa aatumnnlis, W'ny/. lit*, 1832, p. 283.
BeDdrocvgna aiitumnalis, Et/t. Mon. Anat. p. 109 (1838) ; G. R. Gr.
Gtn. B. iu. p. til2, n, ;i (part.) (1845); BeAnb. Syn. Av.,
Natotore»,t ^. f. 175 (18*5) j Gvue. B. Jam. p. 398 (1847);
Lbwt. Ann. It/c. N. Y. lail, p. 117 ; Stanib. Bep, p. 334 (1862) ;
'fy. Qmpt. Bmtd. xliii. p. 64», n. 67 (1856) ; Sctat. 7. Z. 8. 1856,
tSaOfUonduTM); Jairri, B. jV. An. p. 770, pi. 63. f. 2 (Teias)
P-S . ...
(1866) ; id. Cat. X. Am. B. n. 574 (1869); id. MtJr. u. ««,„. u.
i, p. aJ, pL 26 (Texas) (1869) ; Sclat. ^ 8aln. Ibit, 1859. p. 231 ;
Timl. IbU, 1860, p. 315 ; Cau. iV. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 197 (R.
Truandol ; Aibreeht, J.f. O. 1803. p. 366 (Jamnica) : March, Pr,
Ae. PMiad. 1864, p. 70; Tayl. IbU, 1864. p. 172 (Porlo Rico);
Selat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 399 (part) ; tklat. ^ Sale. ibid. p. 872
(Paaanja); Sale. Ibl>, I8((5,p. 193 (Guntemala) ; Zditr. Ara.iyo.
jr. y.Tii. p. 13(Panam8)(IH65);Z(i-rM./6w,1866,p. 42(Teia»);
iaw. Amu. Zj/e. If. Y. riii. p. 63 (Panama) (1866), ix. p. 143
^.H}iMta Kott) (1863) ; Ik,t. &m. Anat. p. 01 (part) (1869) ; Frantt.
I J./. 0. 1869, p. 370 (Coata Rica) ; Peb. Om. Brat. p. 469 (1870) ;
G. S. Or. Hand-lift, iii. p. 79, a. 106J6 (p«rt.) (1871) ; Oitb. Thet.
Om. ii. p. 31 (1876) ; 0>ue», Key, p. 28f (1872); id. Cheek~lut,
1. 487 (1873) J Sclat. ^ Salv. NomrneL Ae. Neotrop. p. 129, n. 2
A. 4- E. Newt, aandb. Jam. p. 112 (1681) ; Sah. Cat. B. Stric/tl.
CoU. p. 530 (1882) ; Coufi, Oi«;*-/i»(,2Dded. p. 112, n. 706 (18821 ;
Sekna. Om. Centralbl 1882, p. 62; Sciat. Lut VeH. An. 8th ed.
p. 42fl(pMt.) (1883); Cou**, i:«y JV: ,4m. *.2Dded.p.688,ii.706
(1884); Cory, Lilt B. W.Ind.^.SO (1865); A. O. U. Oodt of
Horn, and auKk-ti*t, p. 120, n. 177 (1886); Lloyd, Auk, 1887,
p. 185 (W. Tbim) ; iSdyic. Man. N. Am. B. p. 119, n. 177 (1887) ;
Cory, AtA, 1888, p. 60 (Jamaica) ; id. B. W. Ini. p. 261 (1888) ;
Sah. Ibit, 1889, p. 377, 1890, p. 89 (Cozumel I.) ; ISchm. Pr. U.S.
Nat. Mm. jti. p. 531 (Rio Fno) (1893).
DbodrocjcQa autumnaliB, Sclat. P. Z. 8. 1880, p. 609; Pidffio. A'om.
Adalt. Fileom dnnamon-brown, pale in front, on the occiput
pasiiDg into black, which ia continaed in a narrow stripe dovn the
nape ; sides of the head and upper part of the neck pole Dchreona
ashy ; remainder of the neck, back, acApulars, jagulum, and breast
oinnamoa-brown, tlie dorsal region more rusty ; rump, upper tail-
oovertA, abdomen, flanks, and under wing-coTorts deep black,
abruptly defined against the cinnamon of the breast ; oriBSum
irbite, spotted with black ; lesser wing-coverts oohreoiu olive,
middle coverts osh-colour, the greater and primary -coverts greyish
wUte, the lower feathers of the latter dusky ; qniUs and tul deep
black, but the quills pare white baaoUy : " iris browo; biQ coral-
red, orange above, nail of bill bluish ; 1^ and feet pinkish white "
(MerriU). Total length about li> inches, wing 8'2a-9'70, tail 3,
a. 9 fi^Bk.
». S vLsk.
I. <J id. A.
r, ». rf J JUV. b1
^ Ad.sk.
1, r. (f Bd. et S
tmm.ak.
p. $ uL sk.
M'. Ad. 9k.
f. Ad. 8k.
r. (f Rd. sk.
23. DENIIBOCVCSA.
AlUmiro, Tamaulipas, May
( W. B. R.).
Tunpico, Mexico, June ( W.
R.).
Not.
XftlniB, Mexico,
[^Ferrari-Ptra).
Vega del Casndero, Vem
Craz, Dec. (M. Trujilio).
Mozatkn, W. Mexico {A.
J. Grai/tem).
Presidio, W. Mexico, Jan.,
Feb. {A. Forrrr).
lluamuchal, G uatemala ,
Feb. (O. S.)-
Corumel I., Yucotan (G. F.
Gaumrr).
Nicora, Costa RicEi, March
(£. Afce).
Uon Hill, FaaBma {Mc-
Leannan).
Aqua dulce, Panama.
161
Salrin-Godoifta Coll.
Salvin-Godman ColL
SalTJii-OodmacL Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-O adman Coll.
Salvin-Qodman Coll.
SalvJQ-Godman Coll.
Salvitt-Godman Coll.
SalTiu-Godman Coll.
SalTin-Godmon Coll.
SaJvin-Godmaii Coll.
6. Dendrocfcna, discolor.
C*Dard siffleiir de Caj-enne, D'Aubtn(. PI. Bnl. 82fi.
Sffleur k bee mage et narines iaunea, part-, Bi^. Hut. Nat. Oit, is.
p. 183 (1783).
Anas autumnalis, Jaequin [ncc Linn.), Beytr. i. u. 6, n. 4 (New
Cirenada) (1784); Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 537, n. SB tpart.) (.1788);
Lath. Ind. Oth. li. p, 852, n, 53 (part.) (1790J ; Borni. Sac. Mitk.
i. p. 140 (part) (1790); VitiU. N. D. v. p. 153 (Cayeime,
Nouvello Grenade) (1816) ; ftim. Diet. Se. Nat. yi. p. 869
(part.) (1817); LitKt. Vers. Ihudl. p. 84 (Brazil) (1823); Slt^h.
Om. Zool. xii. 2, p. 00 (part.) (1824) ; Zeu. (nee Zrnn.) TV. d'Om.
p. 634, n. 68 (CaVenoe) (1831); Bvrm. St/ti. VA. Thitre Brat,
Fog. li. p. 436 (part.) (185«); Enut, Ree. dent. Univ. Omtr.
Vena. i. p. 43 C\enezuela) (1887).
DendiocTgna autumnalis, G. R. Gr. (nee lAmn.) List Spec. B. Br,
Mu». lii. p. 131 (S. Amer., Guiana) (1844) ; Cab. in Sdtomb. Oman.
Reit. iii. p. 761* (1848); ? ImAI. Non»fnel. Av. p. 103 {1864);
Selal. P. 2. S. 1864, p. !299 (part.) ; Sdat. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 300 (Ucayali) ; Liutaad, Oi*. Trin. p. 607 (Trinidad) (1866) :
StAieg. Mm. P.-£., Angurea, p. 2* (1866); Eyt. ^n. vlitat. p. 61
(part.) (1869) ; Pelz. Om. firfw. pp. 320, 469, lriii(1870): .FVfwcA
jP. Z. 8. 1870. p. 580 (Trinidad) ; O. S. Gr. Hand-lilt, iii. p, 79,
n. 1061S (part.) (1B71) ; 6^. TIteit. Om. ii. p. 31 (part.) (1876) ;
Selat. Lia Vert. Ah. 8lh ed. p. 426 (part.) (1883) ; Tnttr. [nee
XuM.) Cat. Cbll. B. p. 60 (Para) (imi) ; Hartert, Kat. Foffet-
sammi, p. 228, n. 3383 (8. America) (1891).
Dendrocjgrjk discolor, Sclat. j- 8alv. Ifomenel. Ae. Neotrop. pp. 129,
161 (1873): iid.P.Z. S. 1876, p.375;&/a(. P.ZA'.lSeO, p.606:
B^hnw. Om. Centralbl. 1882, p. 23 ; Salv. Cat. B. Striekl. CoU.
p. 630 (1883) ; £., S., ^ R. Watfr-Btrdf N. A. i. p. 482 (1884) ;
Salv. MU, 1886, p. 172 ; Ilict. Om. Pir. ui. p. 469 (1886) ; Ri^w.
Man. N. Am. B. p. 119 (1887) ; Otapm. Bull. Mut. N. H. 1894,
p. 82 (Trinidiid).
DendrocvniB autumnalia discolor, B., B., S( R. Water-Btrdt N. A.
L p. 480 (1884).
Similar to D. autvmnalit, bnt differs in the lower hind-neck being
MTOus-grey, strongly and abraptly contrasted against the dark
chestnut-brown of the back ; also the breast is gjej'ishv instead of
chestnut as in D. auiwnnalit. Wing 9-10-9-30 inches, cnlmen
1-80-1-90, tarsus 2-20-2-25.
Hab. Colombia, Guiana, with Trinidad Island, Dcaador, Eastern
Peru, and Brazil.
a. Ad. at. S. America.
b, c. Ad. et juT. Bnlzar Mts., Ecuador (iU'n^ SalTin-Oodinan CoU.
sk. worth).
d, e. Ad. st British Guiana. Sir R. Schombuigk
ft 9- d ? od. ak. R.RupuruiQi, British Guiana, Sslvin-Godman CoU.
May {H. Wkitely).
h. Ad. sk. Maroni lUver, Surinam Salvin-Godman Coll.
I. $ ad. sk.
(Kappltr). (Tjpe of the specieB.)
dj^r Ucayali, May (£. El. J. Elwes, Esq.
SartleU).
. S ad. ak. Rio PaTfin&, Brazil, April
(Natterer).
7. Dendrocycna arborea.
Whistling Duck, Shane, Jam. ii. p. 324, t. 273 11738).
Black-billed Whistling Duck, Edir. Glenn, pi. I'ja (1743) (West
Indies); XaM. gyn. iii. 3,j>. jSQ, u. 4S (ITM).
23, DENDBOCICK^
1C3
5:
(1847) ; Jletmb. Syn. At:, miiOia, Natatores, t 107. f. 2359 {ex
SAB.t (ItWO) ; id. Ai<. Syil. Nat. p. x (1853) ; Baird, Slmub. JUp.
3»i(I852); Bp. 0,mpl.&nd.xlm.v.fi49,a. 56 (ISM)! Cab.
'./. O. iefl7, p, -227 1 A. ^ E. A'nct. Ibti, 1859, p. 366 (St. Croix,
with fig. of the trachea) ; Biyant, Pr. So$t. Soc. N. B. rii. p. 122
(Bdiamiui) (18.50); Albr. J.f. O. 1862, p. a)6; Selat. P. Z. 8.
1«H, p. 300 (Jamaica) : Mareh.Pr. Ac. PhOnd. 1864, p. 70 : Bruait,
Pr. Boa. Sor. N. H. xi. p. 73 (Ina^a) {18a6) ; Sehk;/. Mum. P.-B.,
Anseres, p. 84 (1866) ; Gundl. Bep. Fu.-Nal. CuLa, i. p. 387
(imB) ; Egt.Sffn.Anat.f. m {IS&d); Pe/i. Om. ^r«», p. 459
(1870) ; G. R. Gr. Band-li$f, iii. p. 79, n. 10614 (1871) ; Ovndl.
J.f. O. 1871, p, 273 (?); Badin. J.f. 0. 187a, p. 72 (breeding) ;
Setat $ Sab: Nomaicl. Ar. Anrfnw. p, 129 (1873) ; Coue; Bird*
N.-Weit, p. 5.18 (1874) ; Gundl.J.f. 0. 1874, p. 314 (Pono Rico),
1875. p. 375 (Cuba) ; ft>6. Thf4. Om. ii. p. 30 (1875) j Sdot. *
Sab-. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 375: GmuH An. Soc. Em. Hid. Nat. vit.
p. 400 (1878) : id. J.f. 0. 1878, pp. 162, 190 (Porto Rico) ; Q>ry.
B. Bahama 1. p. 183 (1880) ; A. S( E. Newt. Itandb. Jam. p. 112
(1881) : SeJimo. On. CVntralbL 1882. p. 32 : .Sale. Cat. B. Striekt.
Coll. p. 6:ttr(1883); ffclat. Liil Vrrt. An. Kth ed. p. 426 (1883);
Oo,i/, B. Haiti and San Donu'",:: ]■ hi. ■ i".. I!:'h,„: Man. K.
^n. A. p. 119(1887); Cfl-y,.i", --• ,' ./,- Cat. Coll.
ft P..jO(Jm«uu(m), p. 270(Dimii:i,-. -■■, ' .,. fl. W. Tnd.
p.a«0(l889);S*(n7w.Oi(.O(rf..s):.. r// \...,,/.i:i p, 398 (1891),
Ifcn<irocjgnii»ftrborw>, Brrtc. Pr. K'-rt. .V'-v A". J/, vii. p. 308(1860).
f Dendmcjgnaatitumiialis, 7(>y/oi-, /£u, 1864, p. 172 (Porto Rico).
Dendrocycim nrborea, Sflat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 509 ; Rchntr. fiig. d.
tooL. GHrt. p. 59 (I8S2) ; fl,, fl., * R. Wattr-Birds N. Am. i. p. 480
(doI«) (1884).
Adult. Anterior half of the crowii reddish brown, sbadin^ into
bLuk on the occiput, whence a black band runs down along the
I napo : sides of the bead and of the neck dull greyish, indistinctly
inottlcd with white; throat white; round the tower neck a kind of
I collnr, interrupted behind, formed by white foathora, edged with
bbuk ; upper back, scapulars, aud tcrtiols brown, with tawny edges
to th» feethen ; rump and upper tiiil-eoverts black ; breast reddish
Inwwn, witli indistinct whitish spots ; lower do^vTi the breast has
tha feathers while along the middle, blackish on the edges ; abdomen
and under tail-coTerta white, thickly covered with round black
l« : feathen of the sides white in the middle and broadly edged
I and c»cn banded with black ; wing-coTcrts pale brown, with paler
ledpw, the outermost and also the greater ones greyish, each with h
KUack nibapicul spot; quills grey, blackish towards tlie tip. the
I under nurface uniform blackish brown ; under wing-coverts black,
|tlu) mniOleT ones with narrow white stripes ; toil dark brown ; lege
1 bill black. Total length about 22 inches, wing 10-5. tdl aS,
n 2-1, tATsosSi.
yanalt toniowhat smaller,
Keun^ in down. Ujiper part* brown, lower parts whit« ; a white
d round the occiput ; ear-corerta brown ; four white spots, two
f,.tn the lides of the back and two on the sides of the rump.
/fa£. Bahamas and Antilles.
a. Ad. at Jamaica. Purchased.
b. cf fkd. ak. Cuba. SalTin-Godman ColL
c. PulL sk. Virgin Gorda, W. I., Dec. SslTin-Godman Coa
(C /. Winnh).
i. Skeleton.
e. Stemum. Jiunaica. P. H. Qoase, Esq.
CPJ.
8. Dendrocycna guttata. (Plato I.)
Anas guttata, For»l. MS. et Miu. Lugd. CM Sehltgel).
Anas guttulata, Temm. (Jide Wallace).
Deairoojgaa guttulata, S. MuU. MS. {fide Sdater).
Deadiocvgna guttulata, WiM. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 36 (Bouni, Ceram,
Celebes); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 300; Eyt. »/ii. Anat. p. 66
(1868) ; I/Ald. ^ Sali-ad. Ann. Mui. tVu. Gcti. vji. p. 839 (Ilall
Bay) (187S) ; Sal»ad. ibid. viii. p. 386 (Bouru) (1876) ; Eatm. Pr.
Urtn. Soe. N. S. W. i. p. 395 (1870) ; Itcknie. Om. CetUralbl.
1882, p. 23.
Ana* punctata, " Temm.," Fituch, A'ei-Guin. p. 18» (1865) (Halma-
hera, Batchian).
Dendrocygna guttata, Schtfg. Mut. P.-B., Anaerw, p. 85 (1866)
(descr. princepB) ; Btyth, lint, 1870, p. 176 ; G. H. Or. Hand-ii»t,
ai. p. 79, n. 10612 (1871); Waid. fr. Z. S. viii. p. 102 (1872) ;
Gitb. Thee. Om. u. p. 31 (1876) ; Jtoeenb. Eeiit. naar Geehnnkb.
p. 3 (1875) (Teniate) ; Salvad. Ana. Mai. Civ. Gen. ii. p. 49
(1876); IfAa. Sifdn. MaU, 1877, p. 248 ; id. Atm. Mui. Cie. Gen.
i.m.l9,20(1877) i id.Ibii,l877,v.S7'2; SAarpe,Joum. Lam. Soc.,
2«>/. viii. p. 505 (1877); Soienb. Malay. Arcktp. p. 279 (Celebes),
p. 324 (Oonm), p. 407 (Temat«) (187»-79) ; Eamt. Pr. Linn. Soc.
N. S. TF. iii. p. 301 (1878), iv. p. 102, n. 210 (1879) ; If Alb. i-
Saltad. Aim. Ma*. CVo. Gen. xiv. p. 134 (Yarru 1.) (1879) ; D'Aih.
Nuoim Guin. pp. 193, 451, 519, 585, 688 (1880) ; Sclat. P. Z. S.
1683, pp. 52, 2O0 (Larat, Timorlant) ; Blai. J.f. O. 1883,_p. 140
(Celebefl) ; Firucf; I'tiff. d. SSdtee, p. 29 (1864) ; Forbes, P. Z. S.
23. BESDEOCTCSA. 185
feather viiii a. white spot at the tip ; lower breast and abdomen
whitish, with faint dusky lin^ across : feathers of the fiantu
■with lai^ white round spots, the longer feathers are almost barred
with black: under tail-covert« whitish, with black bars; quilla
brown ; tail almost black : " bill black ; tarat and feet ashy, more
or lees tinged with reddish ; irides brown or chestnut" (I/Albertit).
ToUa length about 17 inches, wing 6-5, tail 29, cuUnen 1-63,
tanuB 1-62.
Female. Similar.
Foung. Feathers of the flanks paler and with the white spots
elongated and lanceolated (Sfhlfgd).
Bab. Mindanao, Celebes, Moluccas, and New (juinea.
ti. Ad. at, [Sumatra.] PurcliBBed.
*. 5 »d. at (.Celebes. "WaUace ColL I
ft ij ftd. ak. Bouru. Wallace CoU. {
(Types of "Wallace's description.)
J. J ad-ak. Larat. Tenimber Islands, Aug. 11. O. Forbes, Esq. [CJ.
9. Dendrocycna eTtoni.
Leptotusis eTtoni, Oauld, MSS.; Eyt. .Won. Anal. p. Ill (1638);
GquM, B. Atutr. Tii. pL 15 (pt. xi., ISIT,) ; Bp. Compf. Bfrnd. iliu.
p. 6*9, a. 59(1856); Frh. Xomra Sfix, Viiifft, p, 137 (1865);
^. Syn. Anal. p. 63 (1869); G. R. Gr. HaniLUtt, iii. p. 80,
n. 10617(1871).
Dendrocygna eytoni. Q. S. Or. LiU B. Br. Mm. iii. p. 132
(1644); id. OrfTi. S. iii. p. 612, n. 7 (1645); BcAab. Byn. Av.,
Natalorea, t 99. ff. 23.57-68 {ex Gould) (18.50); Stanl. SaU-Utt
Knoauley Men. p. 45 (1851) ; Sola/. P. Z. S. I8fi4, p. 301 ; Gould,
Sandi. B. Aiatr. ii. p. 375 (1803) ; ScJileg. Mum. P.-B., Anseres,
p. 87 { 1866) ; Sriat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. B86 (Zool. Oard.) ; D^L B.
Amtr. ii. pL 144. £ 1 (1870) ; Hurt. Cat. B. Neuj Zeal. pp. 86, 77
(1871): Piruch. J. f. O. 1872. p. 184; Purdie, Tr. Jf. Z. Iiut.
1872, p. 213 (New Zealand) ; Sector, Sml., note ; Balkr. Hut. S.
J/ew Zca/.pp. xxi, a«5 (1873) ; Fltueh, J.f. O. 1874. p. 201 ; Gitb.
The*. Om. u. p. 31 (1875) ; Sharpe, Zool. Ereb. * Terr., Bird*,
App. p. 31 (197.5) ; Cailebt. ^ Ratiu. Pr. Idim. Soe. N. S. W. i.
p. 396 (Norman River, Gulf of CnrpeaUria) (1877); Beknw. Om.
Ventraibl. lr«2.p. 23; BuUer, Man. B. New Zeal p. 67(1882);
Selat. Li*t Vert. An. 8th ed.
7\t#»i. 1886, p. 244 (Tas , . __ . _. ..
Ztai. 3nd ed. ii. p^ 268 (1888) ; North, Cat. Ne»t> ^ Egff$ Aiulr.
J, p.a40(]B89);H«rter(,iat. r.weitamm;. p. 229(1691) ; SAarpe,
Cat. Oilevl. Speeim. Coll. Sarp. iii. p. 207 (1891).
Jlendroeygnn versicolor, Hartl. Ertl. Nadir. Voijeliamml. p. 19,
n. 'J-X3 (184(!) (deser. nulla).
Uondrocyatia arcuala, Bennett (nee Cuv.), in Sclat. P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 149 (Sydney).
Dandnxyena (Leptotanis) eyioid, Bennett, P. Z. S. 1806, p. 41S;
Rami. Pr. Linn. Soe. N. S. W. i. p. 195 (187C). W. i«i. a p. 200,
n. ftM (1877) ; id. Tab. UU, p. 22, 0. 666 (1888).
KlrooYciul eytoni, Sriat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 510; Srhnte. Veg. d,
kL OUH. p. 59 (1882) ; Tri^. Cat. Colt. B. p. CO (1889).
Adult. Upper part of the head, hind-neck, and breast pale
oohTMOB brown ; aides of the head and neok didl pale gre}', fading
into white on the throat ; back and wings greyish brown ; the
feathers of the back and scapulars with paler edges ; upper tail-
coTeits whitish hufi, broaiily edged with greyish brown ; sides and
lower part of the breast reddi^, regularly barred with black, the
black bars broader on the sidee ; feathers of the flanks very long,
of a bnff colour, and mai^ined with black ; abdomen and under
tail-coverts bufiy white ; qniUs and tail brown ; under wing-coTerts
with reddish and brown-grey bands ; axillaries pale reddish along
the middle, brown-grey on the edges: " i rides dark brown; bill
yellowish browu, largely blotched with black; the nail darker
brown; legs and feet pale flesh-brown" (Bulhr); "feet bright
rose-colour ; bill reddish flesh-colour, with n laige mottled patch in
the centre; irides orange" {DiggUa). Total length 16 inches,
wing 9-5, tail 3, colmen 1-6, tarsus 2.
Female. Similar.
Saib. Australia; it stra^les to New Zealand.
0. Ad. sk. Australia.
b-g. Ad. sL Australia ( Coekerell
Thorpe).
A, "i *. (J 2 ad. et N.W. Australia. Capt. Bowjer Bower
juT. sk. fP.].
^, m. [J $ ad. sk. N.W. Australia, March, May. J. R- Elsey, Esq.
n. d ad. sk. Pott Essuurtou. J. B. Jukes, Esq.
^ [I'.l.
0. Ad. St. Pott Ea^ugtoD. Dr. Sibbald jT.].
p. Ad. St. New South Wales. Australian Museum
[P.].
'24. caasALOPKL, 167
1. Cbenalopex sgyptucna.
Aiwer (BBTpliaeuB, Jliitt. Orii. yi. p. -284, pi. 27 (ITiiO) ; Bmrn. Enc,
Miih.i. p. 118, pi. 29. r. 3 (1790) ; Temm. Man. iTOm. iv. p. 523
(lear,) : WoHm. Ftk/. DiMieM. ri, p. 418, Taf. 294 (1843) ; Math.
Faun. SieiL p. Sin (1843); iSeA/t^, ifn>, Orit. p. cxi (1844);
B™**, J./. O. 18S4. p, 277 ; Brekm, J./. 0. lft5S, p. 484 ; Tayl.
Ihit, }fm, p. 54; Schleg. Mut. P.-B., Aasexm. p. 84 (1866);
«w;. iJ«. isn.p.air,.
Anu WBjpliao*, Z.wi. S. A", i, p. 197, n. 10 (17fl«) ; Gm. S. N. i. 9,
p. 512, n. 10 (I78S) (eicL Tar. 3) ; Lath. Itid. On. ii. p. S40, n. 21
17i)0j (exc\. var. (3) ; Om/Ti-. Minag. d» ^lu. </£uf. JViif., art
'^■- ■'E^UpU, pp. 1-4. pi. — (1801) ; S4.IW, JVo(. jVue. pi. 606
: Cut. Sign. An. L p. 531 (1817) ; Lath. Gen. Hut. x.
(1834) ; Civ. Sign. An. Sod ed. i. p. 669 (1829) ; LeM. Tr.
OuJTEgypU, pp. 1-4, pi. — (1801) ; Shaw, Jfat. Mite, j
(1834' '■
Sehlrg. Ib-b. Crit. p. ad (\U^)~ Chapm. Trm. S. ^^.u. App. p. 421
. p. 531 (1817) ; Xa(A. Gen. Hut. i.
V. 344 (1834) ; Cue. Jltgn. An. Sod ed. i. p. 669 (1829) ; I«m. Tr.
iOm. p. 6S8 (leai) ; Trmm. PI. Cot. i. TW. Mm. p. 103 (1838) i
tie«8).
"ye d'Egyple, D'AtAeul. PI. Enl. 379 (1770) ; £«*: Hiel. Nat. Oil.
ix. p. 7H, pi. 4(1783).
(hro du Cap dp Bonne-Esp^rMCO, D'Aubenl. PI. Enl. 382, 983.
Ova wuvapr du Cap de bonae espirancB, Sonrter. Voy. Jnd. Or, ii.
p. 230 11782).
I Oio am^ (error*), Buff. Hitt. Sat. Oii. ii. p. 76 (esd. syn.)
I' (1783).
Egrptjan Qoose. LalA. Sm. iii. 2, p. 453, n. 16 (1785) ; YarreU,
P. Z. S. 183:5, p. 4 itwchwi).
Anser africaniis, B'mn. Ene. Mfth. i. p. lit) (1790).
Anaa met^oiier, Naum, A'aturg. Land- u. Waster-Viig. m. pp. 329,
478,t. 53. f. 78(17l«l).
Amu Tfuia, Ber:k't. Om. Tatchenh. ii. p. 'l->4, n. 39 (1803) {ex Nattm.
l.e.t.m. t 78), iii. p. 090 (1812) ; td. Naturg. DeutKhl. (2nd ed.|
IT. p 1043, □. IS.
Aii»er TBriuB, Meyer * WoW', Taiehenh. ii. p. .'m {18101, iii. p. 232
(1822) ; Vieill. N. D. xuii. p. 33.5 (1818) ; Dnm. Diet. Be. SaL
xxzT. p. 464 (1626).
Chenalopox Myptinca, SUfA. flen. Zoal. xii. p. 43, pi. 42 (1824) ;
Oould, B. Eur. pi. i'lS (1837); Egt. Man. Anat. pp. 22, 103,
pi. 7 (skeli^toii and trtuhea) (1838) ; Bp. Comp. IM, p, 56, d, 403
(1838); O. R. Gr. Utf Gen. B. v- 72(1840); K.^ B. Wirbetth.
Bitr. pp. lixiiT, 22-5 (1R40); So. Cat. Met. Uoc. Eur. p. 70,
n. 428 (1S42) ; Harni, Higkl. o/jEtAiop. p. 417 (1844) ; G. k Or.
Litt B. Brit. Mui. iii. p. 126 (1844) ; ffiW- Sf/a. Uehert. p. 137,
n. 487 (1845) ; Det Muri, m Zefebvre, Voy. Abytt., Git. p. 170
(I84S) ; ViertA. Ntmrnminia, 18.52, pp 29, 55; StriekL Am. ^
Mag. JV. JT. 1852, p. 349 ; Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii.
(18M); U<^l. .SyU. Ueheri
. 228; Antm. Cat. p 112 (1864)
: /Jodrr/. Avif. Sieil. p. 2.56 (1869) ;
Hitigt. Peterm. Urogr. Mtfth. 1889. p. 411; Tarx. J.f.O. 1870,
p, G5(Coii«tat)tii>n); BUmf.Qeol. fy &<>/.»^^ V-P- 438 (1870) ;
JWA, Tr. Z>H.l. &K. Til. p. 800 (1870); Tact. J./. O. 1870.
>. 55 (Constantina); fi. B. Gr. Hand-liM. iii. p. 74, q. 105-57
.1B71) ; SheU. B. i{f £giipt, p 270 (1872) : Sund. Meth. not. Ae.
dim. Tent. p. 140 (ft72) ; Harti. Orieck. Jakrr*t. iii. p. 28K
(1875); AltHtn,J./. O. 1877, p 107 (Europe); BoUe, ibid. p. 200 ;
Fitek. ^ Eehnw. J. f. O. 1878, p. 248 ; Fueh. ibid. p. 296
(Kau), J879, pp. 296, 2m, 301 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 498; id.
Lid VeH. An. 8th ed. p. 416 (1883); Salvad. Ann. Mut. Civ.
Gen. (2) i. pp. 241, 276 (Shot.) (1884) ; Triilr. Faun. ^ Flora of
Paled, p. 114 (Dead Sea) (1884) ; Sharpe, Layard'e B. S. Afr.
p, 747 (1884) ; Saund. YarrelCi SiiL Br. B. iv. p. 300 (1884-85) ;
ibii, 1888, p. 306; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Cio. Gen. (2) \
p. 319 (Shoa) (1888) ; J}uboi», Bull. Mut. Roy. ^H. N. dt Be^.
IV. p. 149, n. 190 (1886) (TangaiiYika) ; Koenig, J. f. 0. 1888,
p. 285; Trittr. Cat. CoU. B. pp. 61, 270 (1889); Sharpe, Cat.
OtUot. 8pee. CoU. Surg. iii. p. 294 (1891) ; id. Ibit, 1892, p. 641-:
Koen^, J. f. 0. 1893, p. 96.
Tadoms sgyptiaca, B^, Int, 1826, p. 981, 1830, p. 996.
Olieiulopez ffigrptiacuB, Wa^l. I*U, 1832, p. 1235 ; G. R. Gr. Gen.
B. iii. p. eij6, n. 1 (1845) ; Echnb. Syn. Ae., Anseres, t. 102.
ff. 236^ (1846); id. Av. Sgd. Nat. p. ix (1852); Brehm,
J.f. 0. 1863, Extiaheft, p. 103, 1864, p. 84; Lichl. A'om«ncl. At.
p. 101 (1854) i Bli/th, J. A. S. B. iiiv. p. 305 (Somftli) (1855) ;
Brehm, Vogelf. p. 369 (1866) ; id. J.f. 0. 1856, pp. 329, 336, 398,
477, 1857, p. 357; Homo/. J. f. O. 1869, p. 370; i^ke, Urn,
I860, p. 248; Blt/th ^ Speke, Sep. Coll. Somali Country, p. 16
<1860) ; Licht. Reiten, Si. -a. 569 ; HaHl. J. /. O. 1861, p. 272
(Biseao) ; Livingil. Mint. Trav. p. 204 ; Kirk, Bnt, 1864, p. 336 ;
Taylor, Ibii, 1867, p. 71 ; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 347 (1867) : Boe.
Jom. Ae. 8c. Li»b. 1867, p. 329 ; Gum. Ibti, 1868, p. 49 (Natol) ;
Trittr. Ibis, 1868, p. 328 (Dead Sra) ; Layard, Ibis, 1869, p. 377 ;
Cab. in V. d. Deck. lieii. iii. p. 51 (1869) ; FintcA ^ HaHl. Vog.
Ott'Afr. p. 803 (1870) ; Ltmdoii, ZooL Gart. 1871, p. 251 (West-
pbiilia): SMI.B. of Eyvpt, p. 279 (1872); GUh. The). Orn.'i.
p. 368 (1872) ; Andera. B. Damara Land, p. 335 (1872) ; Srugl.
Om. N.O.-Afr. ii. 2, p. 1286 (1873); Boc. Jam. Ac. tic. Liib.
1873, pp. 198, 289, 294, 1874, p. 45 ; id. J. f. O. 1876, p. 296
(Mofi^raedes, Humbe, Cunene, Bio Coroca) ; ifcAnu-. Jlig. zooL
Reid, Zoolag. 1882, p. 427 (Natal) ; Nathut. J. f. O.
24. CHRSALOPEt.
189
Hyliridt,
Tadoma Kg}-ptinFaX Anns boschan, Leverk. J.f. O. 1890, p. 221.
Adult mole. Feathers roand tlic base of ibc bill, a patch ronnd
the eyes, back of the neck, and ring round lower part of the latt«r
mdd; ; rest of the heiid and upper part of the neck greyish brown ;
mnntle mddy S''^7> finely lineated with dark (p'ey ; lower back,
nimp, and upper tail-coverts black ; lower neck, breast, and flanks
buff, finely lineated with grey ; on the middle of the breast a maroon
p.-itch; abdomen white; under tail-coverts ruddy; Bcapulars and
tertiaries ruddy ; upper wingnjoverts white, with a narrow black
bdud near the tip of the greater ones ; secondaries shining green ;
primaries, their coverts, bastard-wing, aod tail black ; inner under
wing-coTerts and axillarieH white ; " iris dark yellow ; bill pink,
with tip, margins, and base black ; tarsi and feet pink " (Ai/ra).
Total length 28 inches, wing 16, tail SI, bill 1-78, tarsus 3.
FtmoU. Similar to the male, but smaller, and, according to
Dr. Finsch, paler, and with the pect«ral maroon patch smaller.
Bab. Africa and Palestine.
a. PoUit.
&. Ad. at.
A$«d.St.
c Ad.sk.
/ Ad. *L
^
■,9. (f ad. sk.
p. Ad.ik.
•y. Ad Bk.
r. Jur. at
J, f. tf 2 ad. sk.
L. Ad.«t jar. sk.
a". Skelelou.
b\ Skeleton.
«*, d^. Sterna and a
Kred in captivity.]
hlertire. SttrUng:shire.
Kiver Tweed, April 4.
Kiver Tweed.
Egypt.
Egypt.
Waliko, Jnly K ( W. Jeue).
Mnragaz, July 28 | W. Jaue).
ECii, Slioa, -Vpril (Sir W. C.
Lake Xaiwascho.
Zambesi {Dr. Bradthaw),
South .\friea.
Uumbe, fi. Cuoene, Jan.
(Anchieta).
Itiver Niger, Dec.
A. D. Bortlett, Esq.
Sir D. Dunda* [P.J
Purehased.
W. B. T. TumbalL
Esq. [P.].
Victor Amus, Esq.
[P.],
Hume Coll.
W. T. Illanford, Esq.
[C.].
TweeSdnle ColL
IL E. Dresser, Esq.
India M us
A. G. Baxter, Esq.
[C.].
Shelley CoU.
Old Coll.
Shelley CoU.
Dr. Baikie rO.].
Zuolojpcal Society.
ipulor girdles,
Ifi/hrid btUveen " Penguin Duck "
cT «d. et. Divd in captivity.
C. iegjiiliacus.
Zoological Society,
2. Chenalopex jabatns.
AiiBOr jnbotus, Sph, Ar. Jira.. ii. p. 84. t. 108 (1S26) {nae
juhats, lath. ISOl) ; Jfwm. Sffii. UfUra. iii. p. 433 (18fi6).
Anser polycomos, Cuv. Mti». Farit ; Lea. Tr. itOm. p. 637, n. 4
(1831); Pucher. See. et Mag. de Zool. 1850, p. 546 ( = iubfttus,
Spiv) ; Hartl. J.f. 0. 1866, p. 419 ; Sehleg. Mua. P.-B., Aoseres,
p. 96 (1866).
Cheiulopei iubatiu, WagL Iiu, 1832, p. 1235, n. 2; O. R. Gr.
Gm. B. iii. p. 605, n. 4, pi. 164 (1946) ; Bthjji. Syn. Av., Naia-
toree, t. lOa. H. 234-236 (1845) ; J. E. Gr. Glean, from Knowgl.
Mettag. pi. xr. {1846} ; ScAon^. Guian. Seie. iiL p. 762 (1848) ;
Taohr, Ibit, 1864, p. 96 {Orinoco) ; Sdat. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 200 (Lower Ucayali) ; Ei/t. Sifn. Anat. p. 53 (Id69) ; Pels. Om.
Brat. pp. 319, 459, Iviii (1870); Sdnt. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 304 ; Scknm. T'dg. toot. Giirt. p. 63 (1882) ; Salv. Ibit, 1886,
p. 172.
Chenalopex jubata, G. S. Gr. Litt B. Brit. Mu». iii. p. 126 (1844) ;
Bp. Compl. Bend, iliii. p. 649, n. 44 (1866) ; Sclat. k Salv.
yomenel. Av. A'^trop. ■p. 128(1873); iid.P.Z.S. 1876, p. 369;
Sclat. P.ZS. 1880, p. 499; ia, List Vert. An. 8th ©d. p. 416
(1883) ; Tact. Om. Pir. iii. p. 468 (1886) ; Trittr. Cat. CoU. B.
p. 5 (1889).
Adiw pollicBrifi, lilig., und£
Anser pollicarie, Ltdit. in Mat. Berol. ; Gieb. Thei. Om. i. p. 873
a872).
Clieu&lopex pollicaris, Licht. Nomeacl. Av. p. 101 (1854).
Chenonena lubsta, G. H Gr. (nee Brandt) Hand-lUt. iii. p. 74,
n. 10568 (1871) ; Sand. Metk. tiat Av. dap. Tent. p. 146 (1872) ;
Heine ^ Mchme. Norn. Mta. Sein. Om. p. 341 (1890).
Advil. Head, neck, and breast dull whitish ^rey, darker on the
hind-neck ; upper muntle and acapnlars ruddy ; lower mantle and
inner scapulars brown ; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, tul, and
wings black with a green gloss ; abdomen ruddy, whitish along che
middle, changing into blackish brown on the lower part ; under
tail-coverta white ; greater wing-coverta metalLc green with a
purple glosH : biise of iho aecondiirii's white, t'omiiug a white ajjecu-
A'ey to the SjiecUs.
a. A promiDETUt red koub at the base of die bill ; heed
and upper part of the ueck blnck, gloaaed willi
green; Uui wliite, tipped with black cornnta, p. 171.
b. So knob at the boae uf the hill ; head and neck
entirely whit« ; tail black rad/ah, p. 176.
1. ladoma cornuta.
The Common Sheld-duck; Sbieldrake.
Anse niaritima, Gtsn. Aties. p. «03 (1655).
Tadoma belunii, Jta^, titfu. Av. p. 140 (1713).
Tudoma, Briti. Om. \i. p. 344, pi. miii. f. 2 (1700).
Anas tadomo, Linn. S. N. i. p. 193, u. 4 (17B6) ; Gn. S. N. i. 2,
p. 500, a. 1 (1788); Lath. Ind. On,, ii. p, 854, n. 66 (1790);
£oim. Enc. Milk. i. p. 123. pi. 37. f. 3 (1790) ; Lnth. Tr. Limt.
Soe. iv. p. 117, t. IT. £ 8, 9 (trachea) (17»8) ; Pall. Zoogr. Somo-
A». ii. p. 238 (1811) ; Temm. Man. dOrn. p. 639 (1815) ; rieill.
y, D. T. p. 158 (1810) ; Dum. Diet. Sc. Nat. -n. p. 363 (1817) ;
remm. Man. eCOm. •inA ad. ii. p. 83.f (It^l) ; Lkht. Verz. DoubL
p. 84 (1823): Hata. EUrm. di Ziut. m. 0, p. 97, t 30. f. I (182«);
WerH.AtUu, PalmipMea, pi. 38 (182»); Leu. Man.d'Om. a.
p. 416 (1828) ; H. Tr. d'Orn. p. 633 (1831) ; &ie>i, Om. Tomc. iii.
p. 166 (1831); Tetmn. Man. d'Om. it. p. 631 (1840); Naum.
Yog. DeuUchl. ». p. 634, t. 298 (1842) ; SckUg. £ev. Crit. -p. av
(1844) ; Tanm. <$- Schltg. Fatm. Jap., Avti, p. 128 (1S60) ; Kjarb.
Om. Dan. p. 363, Taf. 4U, et Sui^H. Tsf. 26 (1862) ; Paul. J.f. O.
1863, p. 243 (E. Finmark] ; A. Bnhm, J. f. O. 1854, p. 84;
VanffenoB, J.f. O. 1866, p. 345 (Neumark) ; MkU. J.f. O. 1856,
p.S32(Caitiatsue): Aucry, J./. 0. 1857, p. 123 {Algeria); S<Aleg.
Veff. NfdfTl. p. 643, pU. 303, 304 (1858) ; Antin. J.f. O. 1868,
p. 4»4 (Smjma) ; SotU, Aid. p. 489 ; Quutorp, J. f. O. 1860,
p. 78 ; BoUand, ibid. p. 305 (Ostaoestrand) ; Altwn, J./. C
J.f. 0. ISOa. p. »7 ; Somty. J. f. 0. 1870, p. 43 (E. Siberia) ;
mmgl. J.f. 0. 1871, pp. 10, 82 (Skoro, N. Europe); Gieb. Tket
Om. i. p. 363 (1872); Sevtrts. Turktst. Jemtn. p. 70 (1878);
£tnA. in Sutid. Soeittk. FogL p. 1311, ^. IviiL f. 1 (1886).
t Anaa subturranea, Scop. Ann. I. Jtiit. Nat. p. 67, n. 83 (1769).
Anaa corouta, J.'. G. GimI. &it. Jtuist. ii. p. 186, t. 19 (1774);
CaUtU, Nut Mmj.f. Nat. 1877, p. 198.
Volpoca o Tadonia, Ger. A/or, dtyli Ucr. r. I, 576 (1770).
Tadomv, jyAubmt. PI. Eni 53 ; Buff. Hitt. Nat. Oi». ix. p, 205,
J J. liv. (17831.
Uck-hended Dudt, Sliaw, Trav. p. 254.
Uamietln Uuck, Lath. Hi/n. iii. 2, p. 487, n. 41 (1785).
Shieldnke, Lath. op. eit. p. 504, n. 61 (1786).
Anas damiatica, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 535, n. 10(t (1786) {e-c Haiielq.
Jt. p. an, n. :(6, 1767) ; Lalk. bid. Orn. ii. u. 650, n. 48 (1790) ;
Bomt.Enc. Mith.i.f. 131(1790); Vieill. iV. B. v. p. 119 (1810) ;
Dvm. Diet. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 379 (1817) : Stfph. Om. Zeol iii. 2,
p. 108 (1824).
Tadomit ladoma, Ftfia. Phil, of Zaol. ii. p. 260 (1822); LitAt.
NomeTii-l. Av. p. 101 (1854|; UarUrt, Kat. VogeUmnml. p. 228
(1«01) ; id. Ibis, lci92, p. 618 (E. Pruawu).
Todonu fomiliiirifl, Boie, hi*, 1822, p. 564.
Ttkdoma beUonii, Steph. Gen. Zool. lii. 2, p. 72, pi. 4G (1824) ; Sw.
Clau. B. ii. p. 368 (1836) ; E^. Man. Anat. p. 105, pi. 1. ff. 8, 4
(trachea), pi. 3 {stemimi), pi. 8. f. 3 (csca), pi. 9 (skeleton) (1838) ;
SeAnb. Ad. Suit. Nat. p. i (1852) ; Bp. Compt. Bmd. xliii. p. 649,
n. 52 (1856) ; Hartm. J. f. 0. 18B4, p. 235 ; Coflett, Norg. Fia/l.
p. 63 (1868) ; Egt. ^. Anat. p. 55 (1869) ; (Mett, Om. Bemiirk.
1671, p. 63.
Tadoma Tvlpnuser, I7em. Sut. Br. Anim. p. 122 (1828) ; Gould,
P.Z.S. 1834, p. 51 (Trabizond); Strickl. P.Z.S. 1836, p. 102
(Smyrna) ; Gould, B. Eur. pi. 367 (1837) ; Bp. Camp. Lilt, p. 66,
n. 404 (1836) ; id. Cat. Met. Ucc. Eur. p. 70, n. 429 (1842) ; HarlL
Vers. Ges. Jtfa*. p. 118 (1844) ; G. B. Gr. Liit S. Brit. Mta. iii.
p. 132 (1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii. p. 613, n. 1 (1846) ; id. Cat. Hodga.
Coll. B. M. p. 144 (1846) ; RchtA. Sun. Av., Natatores, L 93. ff. 432-
34(1846); Blytk, Cat. B. Mw,. A. S. B.f. 933, 0.1769 {\8^); A.
Brehm, J.f. 6. 1855, p. 367 ; Cau. Exp. Am. Squadr. Oina Seat
1^ Japan, ii. p. 248 (Macao) (1856) f cf. J.f. 0. 1868, p. 460) ; Jffoiwy.
J.f. 0. 1859, p. 371 ; SimnA. IbU, 1860, p. 67 (Amoy) ; Trittr. ibid.
p. 81 (Tuggurt) : Pouyji, ibid. p. 354 (Ionian lal.) ; Sicink. Ibis,
1861, p. 344 (N. China), 1883, p. 434 (FordoBa) ; id. P. Z. S. 1863,
p. 324 ; O. R. Gr. Cat. Hodgt. Coll. B. M. 2nd ed. p. 76 (1863) ;
Jerrf-^.^Jnd-iii. p.794(lefti)i ^/fen, /6u,1864, p.l89; More,
Bnt, 1866, p. 442 (England) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 629 (breeding) ;
Oouid, B. Gr. Brit. v. pi. 11 (1869) ; Frittch, Viy. Eur. Taf. 60.
f. 6 (1870) ; Eltoet * Bucld. IbU, 1870, p. 339 (Turkey) ; Shell
iiis. 1871, p. 315; &Knd. *iii.p.376 (Spain); SheU. B. of Egifpt,
p. 281 (1872); Ihtrnf. Ibis, 1874, p. 403 (N. Frisia) ; GulUv.
P.Z.S. 1876, p. 468; Schmidt, P.Z.S. 1880, p. 317; Simmn,
Oit, 1882, p. «i (E. Bengal) ; »:ht. Litt Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 428
(1883); T^tvrk. J.f. 0. 1887, p. 2)2; %««, IbU, 1891, p. 4M
(Yangtse).
Tadonia ^bhera, BreAm, leie, 1830, p. 997, n. 1 ; id. Viig. BeuUckl.
p. 856 (1831) ; id. Vogelf. p. 370 (18.56),
25, tambhji. 173
p. 370 (1856) ; L. Srehm, Sauuiannia, 1855, p. 291 ; A. Orehm,
J.f. O. 1855, p. 307.
Anu (Vulponser) taduma, Radde, RrU. S. O.Sibir. U. p, 300 (I803J.
Chenalopex tadorna, u. Vroite. J.f. O. 1805, p. 353.
AuAS rutpaueer, David, N. Arch, ilu Mm., Bull, tu. Cat. a. 444
nsri).
Tuorna co
I, 6. R. Gr. Sand-lut, iii. p. 80, n. 10618 (1871) ;
SiwitA. P. Z. S. 1871. p. 418 (Chios) ; -ffa.w, Sr. Featk. i. p. 260
(1873): Se^. Om. N.O.-AJr. u. 2. p. 130t (1873); JAmf. ^
M. Brown, iSu, 1875, p, 427 tTranBjlvfuuft) ; B., B., R. «. S. J.f.
O. 1877, p. 336; Dreu. Ibi», 1876, p. 419; Blak. ^ Pruer, Ibu,
1878, p. :il3; Piyer. Roal. On. Mite. iii. p. 100 (Mongolia)
(1878) i Dreu. B. Ear. v\. p. 461, pL 420 (pt». 67, 68, I«78) ;
Gigl Icon. Avif. Jiat. fa«c. ii. Uv. ;148 (1870) ; Hwm, Sir. Fealh.
TiL p. 492, Tiii. p. 115, n. 056 (1879) ; Hume * MarA. Game B.
iU.p.l63,pL la (1880); JWoI. P. Z. S. 18e0,p. 511 ; Gigl. Iln*,
1881, p. 214; SrtlA. iiii, 1882, p. SiJS (Aslnikhiui); Sah. Vat. B.
StHekt. a>U. p, 631 (1882) ; B. O. U. Liit Brit. B. p. 122 (1883) ;
Sfi^h. Ibi», 1884, p. 175 (NaKftski) ; Saimd. YarrtlCt Hiet. Br. B.
i*. p, »5S (1084); Seebk. Hiit. Br. B. iii. p. 520, pi. 6U (egg)
(1885) ; Sativd. El. Uec. Ital. p. 266 (1880) ; Tait, ibit, im,
p. 375 (Portugal); Waih. Mitth. ont. Ver. iS'ien, 1887, p. 18a
(Styria) i Koen^. J.f. O. 1888, p. 306 (Tuiub) ; Samders, Man.
Br. B. p. 407 (1689) ; Lilf. iSu, 1889, p. 345 (Cyprus) ; Trnfr.
Cat. CoU. B. p. 50 (188a); &cM. B. Jap. £mp. p. 241 (1800) ;
£miu, Ibii, 1881, p. 73 (breeding) ; SAarpe, Cat. 0$Uol. Spec. Coll.
Smrff. iii. p. 209 (1891) ; SeebA. Ibis. 1892, p. 37 (Hdigoland) ;
J)e ta Touche, Ibis, IS()2, p. 461 (Foocliuw aad Swatow) ; Dvbui»,
Famt. Vert. Belg., Oit. ii. p. 423, pi. 261 (1892) ; Peart. ^ Bidic.
IbU, 1894. p. 232 (N. Norway).
Vulpanser (Anas) tadoma, Barth. Norg. FtigUv. p. 40 (1881).
Tadonta damiatica, Stejn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mtu. 1882, p. 88; ScAal,
J.f. 0. 1890, pp. 5, 10, 39; Rehnw. J.f. O. 1890, p. fe; Floeriekr.
J.f. O. 1891, pp. 171, 198, 291. 1892, p. 251.
Tadonia vulgHns, Serb/i. Iln$, 1883, p. 33.
Miibridt.
Tadoma vulpanser J X Casarca caua 2, &fa(. P. Z. S. 18.')9,
p. 412. pi. driii*; id. Ibii, 1859. p. 474; id. Lint Vert. *in. 8tb
ed. p. 4^8(1883).
Anas tadoma x Anna boschas, Miin'er, J.f. 0. 1863, p. 303.
Advit male. Head and Upper part of the neck dark glossy green :
rouad the lower neck a broad white coUar ; a band of rich uhestuiit
coTen tho upper part of the back, the apace before the bend of the
wiiig, and Uie upper part of the breast ; remainder of the back, rump,
■ad upper tail-coverta whit«. acapularB black, except the inner ones,
which are white ; a band along the middle of the breast aad belly
dark brown ; sides and dauks ^^'hite ; under tail-coverts rufous ;
wing-coverts white ; primaries very dark brown ; speculum on the
Mconduies green ; long iuiicr secondaries with rich olieetnut outer
wtbs ; inil-feulhers white, tipped with black : bill and knob at the
base bright red ; iridcs brown ; legs, toes, and tlieir membrariet
Stab-pink. Total length 24-26 inches, wing 13, tail o-2, culmcii
^4, taraui 2.
174 auatidj:. '
Female. Rather smaller than the male ; less bright in colours,
and has no knob at the base of the bill.
Toung birds " of the year in August have the beak flesh-colour,
the head and neck brown, chin and &ODt of the neck white ; inter-
scapulars brown; wing-coverta white; inner eecondariee white,
edged with chestnut ; primaries black ; speculum becoming green ;
all the under surface white ; legs flesh-colour" (TarreU).
Netiliiiffs in down are dark brown above and white below ; the
white on the underpnrts extending to the forehead, sides of the
head and neck, wings, ecapulary region, and sides of the rump
{Seehohm).
. Hab. British Islands, across Europe and South Siberia to Japan,
during the breeding-season ; Southern Europe, Northern Africa,
Western Asia, Northern India, Southern China, Tonnosa, and
Japan in winter.
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
e. Pull. sk.
d. PuU. sk.
e. Ad. St,
/. d ad. 8k.
ff,h.6 9- ju'- 8k.
i, k. Pull. St.
I. Poll. sk.
tn, n. cf $ ad. sk.
o. £ imm. di.
No locality.
No locality .
No locality.
No loi-ftltty.
Gt. Brilain.
North Uist, Hebrides,
July (H. J. E.).
St Andrew's, N. Scotr
land, Dec.
Kirkwall.
Knox I., Fame Is., June.
Norfolk, Jan.
Aldebargb, Sufiblk,
July.
Brighton, Feb. {E. K
&fbohm).
llaUiiig 1.
Mrs. Wakeltng [P.].
W. T. RIanford, Esq. [P.].
Sal vin-G adman Coll.
Gould ColL
Gould Coll.
H. J. Elwes, Esq. [P.].
J. A. W. Cook, Esq. [P.].
Purchased.
Salviu-Oodman Coll.
J. H. Guniey, Esq. [P.].
Colonel Irby [P.].
J. W. Tvudale, Esq. [V.].
Shfingliai, Chum
(Mickie).
Xmoy. Chinn (A.
AVi'nAor),
Yolcohama, Japan {J.
NafTtuaki, Japan, Jan.,
TwMddB]e Coll.
F. Webb, Esq. [P.],
F, Ringer, Esq. [P.].
I IT. SkeleloD.
iT-/". Sterna.
■2. Tadoma la^jalL
Sarcelle im Malius, Garn. Vmj. Cuq., ZooL Aflai, pi. 49 (l!S20).
Anas ndjah. Gam. Fo^- Coq., Zuol i, 3, n. 30^ (1828) ; Lft». Man.
d^Om. ii. p. 417 (ifeSS) (Bouru) ; id. Tr. ^Om. p. 634 (1831) ;
id. Compl. de Suf. Oil ix. p. fiSO (1837) ; id. <m. Ht. 2iid ©d.
p. 719 (183«) : MiiU. Verh. land- ai VoOanik. p, Iffll {183a-44) ;
Waa. Atiiu 4- Mag. N. H. (2) xx. p. 478 (Am) 118.57) ; Fiiueh,
NtiUrOuin. p. 1S3 (186r>); SdtUg. Mm. P.-B., hnmiea, p. 69
(1860) : Oifh. Thfi. On. i. y. 300 (1872) ; SoKnb. JCnit. naar
Getiv%nkb. pp. 9 (Tenwie), HI t'^^)> 118 (1^75) ; u2. ilfa^ay.
M«A^.pp. 324(CBmm). 407,*"" '"'"" — " ■' ■" " ' '
Mu». rill. p. 68 (1888).
I (1878-79); Biittik. Ku. Ltyd.
Tsdonm radjiib, Evt. Mm. Anal. u. 106 (1838) : Gould, B. Amtr.
" • " ■ ■ ., lB44)i G.n.G, "■ " ■■ - "
».pl.8(pt.i ,
8«)i id. Gm. B. iii. p. 613. i
435-30(1846);
^1 SI"
K (If
L
1> (1846): Jlchnb. %i. As.,
liii. ff.306, 435-3)1 (1845) ; MaafilL Narr. Toy. Sattkm.
ii. p. 3S8 (1SJS2) ; Lirht. Nomencl. Av. p. 101 (1804) ; G. S. Gr.
P. Z. e. JM8. p. 198; id. Cat. B. A'«c Giin. p. 63 (1869) ; id.
P. Z. S. 1860, p, 365 (IkU'bian, Oilolo). 1861, p. 438; H'ali.
P.Z.&1863, p. 30 (Bourn, Moluccas, New niiinea); Uotenh. N.
T. N. I. xsv. p. 256, n. ^^ (1863) ; id. J.f. O. 1S64, p. 138,
n. 802; Selat. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 180, 190; Goald, Handb. B.
A*utr. ii. p. .360 (18U5) ; Roa^. Srit naar Zmdinttfreit. p. 64
(Am) (1867); Ei/t. Syn. Anaf. p. 56 (1860); Saau. Pr. Litm.
Soe. y. 8. W. i. pp. 194, 217, 386, 395 (Port Moresby) (1876), iL
p. SOO, n. (1C2 (1877) ; .tfart. ibid. p. 276 (1877) ; Sana. P. Z. &
1877, p. 346 ; SAarpe, Joam. lArm. S»c. xiii. pp. 321, 506 (1877) ;
Salvad. Ann. Mut. Civ. Gm. x. p. 166 (l»f7) : Lfnx, J.J. O.
1877, p. 381 (Cenwn) ; Diggl. B. Atutr. ii. pi. Ill (1877) ; Sam.
Pr. Lvm. Sbc. 2f. S. W. iii. p. 300 (1878), iv. p. 102, n. 209 (1879) ;
SoMnh. Malay. Arckip. i>p. 373 (Am), 306 (Salnwattv) (ie7t^79) ;
iStoye, Jtum. Lim. Soc liv. p. 688 (1870) ; Selat.'P. Z. S. 1880,
pp. 611, 5.16 : D'Alh. iVutw. Ovin. pp, 34, 50, 682 (I860) ; Salvad.
Ann. Mua. Civ. Om. xviii. p. 401, n. 4 (1882) : id. Orn. Pap. t
Mot. iii. p. 891 (1882) ; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Qtlt. p, fi32 {188d) .-
Selat. P. Z. 8. 1883, pp. 52, 196. 200 (Larat, Timorlnut) ; .KnxJl,
. d. SOdiUT, p. 29 (1884) i Meya; SitsA. u. Ahh. GeieUich. I»it,
\. /Mi. L p. 67 i Forhf,, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 434 ; Meyirr, Zeiliehr.
On. i. p. 206 ( 1884) ; Plakt, Butt. Ac. Ptter-sh. xxix. p, 638
4) : Gu'iltm. P. Z. 8. 1IW>, p. 1165 (Watriou, Johi) ; Xorth, Pr.
Linn. Sne. y. S. W. (2) ii. p. 448 (1887) : Ramn. Tah. Lint, p. 23,
a. 668 (iSSi) ; Trittr. Ctit. Coll. 3. p. 50 {lrt8») ; id Ibi., 1889,
^Sriii{la».VaT^»toii):Satvad.Antt.Miu.Cic.Oen. (2) x. p. 828
(1891) I id. Agg. Om. Pap. e Mot. p, 210 (1801) ; Rarttrt, KaU
Vogtitamml. p. 228 (1891) ; Meyer, J.f. 0. 1892, p. 265; North,
Cat. NaU ^ Eggi Aiulr. B. p. 338 (1889).
RBdjob eytoni, &Jinb. Av. Syit. Nat. p. x (1852) ; Bp. Comnl.
Bend, sliii. p. 649, u. 61 (1856).
Anas leucomelaB, 0am., ^fide Bp. CompL Said, xliit. p. 649, in sju.
Badjfih eytoni (1856) ; O. A. Gr. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 385, in ijn.
Tadonue ladjali.
Rsdjah radjfth, G. .
Sund. Meth.Ttat ^ . /
Vulpanser radjah, Bchnu). Dm. Cmtra&l 1882, j
GeonFeochen radjah, Heine, NomencL Mat. Htin. Om. p. 343 (1890).
Adult male. Bead, neck, breast, and abdomen wliite ; back,
scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverta black ; the mantle vormi-
oulatcd with narrow cheBtnnt lines ; a cheatnut pectoral band, with
narrow black lines ; under tail-coverts and lower flanks brown-
black, vermiculatod with narrow white linos ; upper wing-coverts
white, with a black band near the tip of the greater ones ; hastard-
wing, primary-coverts, and primaries black ; a glossy green specnlum
on the secondaries, edged with blaok posteriorly; tips of the
secondaries broadly white ; inner secondaries or tertiids brown-
black, rich chestnut on the outer web; enter under wing-coverts
black, the inner ones white ; tail black: " eyelids yellow ; iris milk-
white ; bill and feet white ; claws dusky white ; nostrils blackish ''
{WaUaee). Total lesgtii about \Q inches, wing 11, tail b, culmen
1-76, tarsus 2-12.
FemdU. Similar to the male.
Young birds have the upper part of the head and the nape dark
reddish, the upper wing-coverts edged with blackiah, the black band
near the tips of the greater wing-coverts broader, and the green
Bpecolam duller.
Australian specimens arti larger, and have the hack much n
t, t. Ad. rt. Port Esfflnrton. Cftpt. W. Cbambera [P.].
w, If. Ad. flk. Que^Dsiuid. Hume Coll.
V. d ftd. sk. Moretoa Ba.v. E. Ilargjtt, Esq. [P.],
26. CASABCA. ^^
CMnrcs, fiji. CSxn;.. iiit, p. 66 (1838) C. tutiu.
Netulopei, ifrtn«, A'omene/. Jlfw. Sem. On. p. 343 (1690)
( = Caiiarci>, Bp.).
Rang*. Cou&uod to the Old World and AustraUaii Region.
Key Ui tht Sptdea.
a, Uodei tail-coTertfi futvoiu orcbestnut.
a'. Fodertail-eoveKsfulTous; back and scapu-
lars unifarut rufous; breast and Hbdoiuen
uniform dniiBmoQ or rufous.
a". Head buff, deepening' into cinnamon on
the neck; mslH with a block collar,
female without rutila, p. 177.
b". ilcad and neck aah-eoloured, the anterior
part of the head white in the fumale .... caaa, p. 1^.
b'. Under toil-cov^rls cbeitniit ; back and
ccapulars block, waved with grey lines ;
male with th<^ head and neck ^loasj hlack ;
female nith the head and upper part of
tbe ueck pure trUite variegata, p. 163.
b. Under tail-corerti hlack ; brenat rufous : mnle
with the head and upper part of the neck
black, witli a green ^loM ; female with the
head brown, and a white baud of feathers
round the base of the bill tadomoidti, p, 166.
1. Casarca mtila.
Buddy Sheldrake.
Ansa auranlia, Martill. Danub. \. tab. 54 (1744).
Anas persicft, FrUch. Av. t. 167 ( $ ) (1763).
Adu ferruginea. Cat. f'meo. AdmiJir. p. 358.
Anas CBsarca, Zim. S. N. iii. App. p. 224 ( 176S) ; 8. G. Om. Rtiie,
ii. p. 182, t. 16 (1774) ; Gm. 8. N. i. 2, p. 611, n. 46 (1788) ;
£0(A. ind. Om. li. p. S41, d. 24 (1790) ; £mn. Em. Milh. i.
fl36, pi. 31. f. 2 (1780) i Savigny, Dem. de FEgypt, OU. pi. 10.
1 (1809); Beelut. Om. Taichmb. iii. p. 589 (1812); Temm.
Man. d-Om. p. 635 (1816); iw. Tr. d'Om. p. 633 (1831);
Tenm. 4- SeMra. Fam. Jap.,Avn, p. 128 (1850) ; Tobiat, J.f. 0.
1863, p. 217 (Oberlanaitz) ; PduUr, J.f. 0. 1854, p. 380 (Tauris) ;
MiilL J. f. O. 1856, p. 232 (Camargue) ; finiro, J.f. O. 1867,
p. 133 (Akeria) ; /&ucA, J. f. O. 1859, p. 386 (Bulgaria) ;
LMfrm. I'off. OtiecheiU. p. 159 (1860) ; Baddf, Seilr. u. Kermt.
Aim. Btickfi, »xiiii. p. SfS (1861) ; Sriiprr, J.f. O. 1862, p. 317
(Uneueo) ; Wright, Ibu, 1864, p. 156 (HaitA) ; Schleg. Mtu. P.-S.,
Ahmtm, p. 66 (1866); Wright, Ibin, 1870, p. 492 (Malta);
HamfV. J. f.O. 1870, p. 431 ; Gieh. Tket. Om. i. p. 347 (1872) ;
Sarll OrietA. Jahrev. iii. p, 289 (1875).
Anu ruula, PaU. A'ov. Otmtn. Betrop. xir. 1, p. 579, Ub. 22. f. 1
TOL. XXVU. B
(1770) ; id. Zoogr. Bouo-At. u. p. 242 (1811) ; Tentm. Man.
Snd ed. ii. p. 63S (1820) ; Licht. Verz. Doubt, p. 84 (1828) ;
Wemer, Atiat, Palmg>idei, pi. SO (1827) ; San', Om. Tote. iii.
p. 168 (1831) : Mtnitr. Cat. SaU. p. fi7, a. 196 (Bftkou r 1832) ;
TeiTim.Jiran.iT.p. 531 (1840); Nordm. in Dimid. Toy. iii. p. 286
(1840) ; Naxim. V6g. DeuttcM. si. p. 564, Taf. 299 (1842) ; Yarr.
Brit. B. iii. p. 137 (1843); Schleg. Bev. Oit. p. civi (1844);
Xjarrb. Om. Dan. pi. 48 (1864) ; Statd. 8b. Fogt. pi. 88. f. 1
(1856) ; Coita, Fauna Rrgno di Nap., Uec. pt. 2, p. 28, t viii.
(1867) ; Severts. Turkett. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; PoteUn, J. f. O.
1876, p. 66.
Germano foreatiero, Qer. Star, degli Ucc. v. tav. 571 (1776).
CoUared Duck, Oentlem. Mag. xlii. t. p. 161 ( ) (fide Latham).
Ruddj Goose, Lath. Sgn. iiL 2, p. 456, n. 18 (1786) -, ul. Suppl. i.
p. 273 (1787).
Anas coMTca, Dum. Diet. Sc. Nat, vi. p. 377 (1817).
Anser casarca, VieiU. N. D. ijiii. p. 341 <1818) ; Dum. Diet. Se.
Nat. iii-y.-p. 4S2 [1825).
Tadoraa rutila, Boie, leit, 1822, p. 364 ; Stepk. Oen. Zool. xii. 2,
p. 71 (1824); Brehm, Handb. Natvrg. Vog. Deulichl. p. 859
(1831) ; Sgket, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 167, n. 215 (Dukhun, Quzerat) ;
Sfriekl. P. Z. S. 1838, p. 102 (Smyrna) ; Gould, B. Eur. pi. 358
SW7) ; Frater, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 122 (Erzerottm) ; Jerd.
adr. Joum. sii. p. 220, n. 286 (1840) ; Blyth, P. Z. S. 1842,
p. 94 ; Ti^fl. Ibit, 1869, p. 54 ; Powys, Ibit, 1860, p. 364 (Ionian
la.) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 190, 1866, p. 150 ; Taylor, iiw,
1867, p. 71 (E^JVt) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 629 (breeding) ;
Etw. ^ Buckl. Ibii, 1870, p. 339 (DobrudBcha) ; Shell. Ihii, 1871,
p. 316 ; Sound. Ibit, 1871, p. 396 (S. Spain, breeding) ; Garrod,
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 467 (carotide), p. 639 (musclefl) ; Irbi/, Om. Sir.
Gibr. p. 197 (1W6) ; -Don/. 4" B. Brown, Ibit, 1876, p, 426 (Transvl-
Tania) ; Dreu. Ibit, 1876, p. 410 ; Forbet, P. Z. 8. 1877, pp. 307,
812 (bursa Fabridi) ; Dumf. Ibit, 1878. p. 36 (Asia Minor) ;
Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 317; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. fill;
Scfbh. Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 524, pi. 66 (egg) (1885) ; Trintr.
26. CASABCt,
179
(1863) i Sartm. J./. 0. 1863, pp. 234, 236 ; Trittr. P. Z. S. 1864,
p, 463 (PiUestine) ; Anlin. Oat. Deter. Uec. p. 113 (1864) (Egypt,
Asia Minor) ; Jerd. B. of lad. Ui. p. 791 (1864) : Adami, liu,
18tM, p. 34 ! Id, J. f. O. 1864. p. 46? ; D« FU. Viagg. in Pertki,
p, 31:i (186.)) ; L«fAe, Ejpl. Sc. Atgir. ii. p. 366 (1S67) ; PeU.
Jbu, 1868, p. 321 (l'ugiK,Tliibet); id.J.f. O. 1S68, p. 37 (Pug») ;
7H«(r. nil. 1868, p. 328 (PalBStine) ; Btavan, Tiii, 1868, p. 401
(India) ; Dgb. 4" Parrtx. J. f. O. 1868, p. 339 (Dauria) ; Gould,
B. Gr. Brit, T- pL 13 (1869); Eyt. Syn. Anat. p. 66 (1869);
Haigl. Pctrrm. Geogr. Mitlh. 1869, p. 408; Tacz. J.f. 0. 1870,
p. M (Constwitine) ; Fritsch, Viig. Eur. pL 47. f. 9 (1870) ; O. &.
Gr. Band-lilt, iu. p. 80, n. 10621 (1871); Smnh. P. Z. S. 1871,
p. 418 (China) ; FritKA, /./. O, 1872, p. 369 (Bohemia) ; Sand.
Met nat. An. dUp. Tent. p. 146 (IS72) ; Salaad. Faun. Ital.,
t'lv. p.2.'i6(l8"2); Sayl. On. N.0.-Ajr.ii.2,v. 1306 (1873);
Jlasu, Str. Ftali. i. p, 260 (1873) ; Adam, ibid. v. 401 (1873) ;
Burnt ^ Aitdir*. Lahore to York. p. 296 (1873) j Hume, NesU ^
Sgg*,f.tH\ (1873); Taa. ^ Di/b. J. f. 0.1873, p. 108 (Daurk) ;
Ball, Str. Fealh. ii. p. 437 (1874) ; Hume, op. eit. Hi. p. 193
(Upper Pwi) (1875) ; Bk/th, B. Burm. v. 165 (Amkan, Bhaino)
(1876); BulL Str. Feati. it. p. 28 (1S76) ; Seullif, ibH. p. 198
(B. TuTkaitaD) (1S76); Fairb. ibid. p. 264 (Khandala) ; Blatif.
Eaa. Peri. ii. p. 303 (1876) ; Schal. J.f. O. 1876, p. 189 (Persia) ;
Taa. BuU. &,c. Zool. Fr. ii. p. 44 (1877) ; Butt. Str. FeatA. v.
n. 234 (1877) ; David ^ Oust. Oit. CHuw, p. 497 (1877) ; Shk. ^
Fryer, Ibit, 1878. p. 213; Schal. Om. CentroM. 1678, pp. 12-1*
76 ; Brehm. J. f. O. 1878, p. 363 ; Prjeti. Bowl. Om. Mim. iii.
p. 100 (M<aigoliaJ (1878) ; Siane S[ Davis. Str. FaUh. vi. p. 489
(Tanatserim, Kolan Island, Mera^ii Archip.) (1878) ; Hume, Str.
Feath. Tiii. p, 116, n. 654 (1379) ; Seully, ibid. p. 362 (Nepal) ;
Fiimk, Verh. z.-b. Get. Wiai, 1879, p. 261 [W. Siberia) ; Hume
?■ UoTMh. Oaaie B. of Ind. iii. p. 123. pi. 17 (1880) : Bidd. Ibis,
881, p. 99 (Oilgit) : OigL ibid. p. 2U (Italy) ; Schal. J. f. O.
I8S), p. SAO ; C. Sicinh. lOi, 1882, p. 124 ^ndabar) ; Oater,
8tr. F. X. p. 24Ji (Vega) (1882); Bc/imn. J.f. 0. 1883, p. 122
(HamhuTg) ; Salead. £1. Vce. Ital. p. 267 (1886) ; Scully, J. A.
S. B. M. p. 89 (1877) ; Saltiad. Ann. Mui. Civ. Gen. (2) n. p. 644
(Shoa) (1888) ; Koen^, J.f. O. 1888, p. 286 (Tunis) ; Sharpt, Tr.
tiun. Soc. (2) Zoel.\. p. 191 (1889) ; Suet, Le Na/ur. xii, pp. 107,
108 (1890) : De la ToacAf. IbU, 1892, p. 491 (Chin«).
Votpawi rutilft, E. ^ B. Wirbelth. Eur. pp. Ixixiv, 225 (1844) ;
p. d. MuhU, Beitr. Om. GritchetO. p. 123 (1844); Behnw. Om.
OntntA/. 18S2. p. 36 (1882) ; id. Viig. tool. OUrt. p. 62 (1882).
TMlorna CMWOk, Ma<yill. Man. Brit. Om. ii. p. 103(1843); Drake,
JWi, 1807, p. 430 (Morocco) ; Dtyl. * Gerbe, Om. Eur. 3Dd ed.
ii. p. 601 (1807); DoderL Avif. SicH. p. 267 (1869); Dreu. B.
E»r. y\, p, 461, jiL 421 (1876); Andivt. Ym«. B^xd. p. 699
(1879) : ttggf, B. Oyl.V. 1070 (note, Cevlon F) (1881) ; SetbA.
nil, 1882. p. 228 (AsUakban) ; Satv. Cat. B. Striekl Colt. p. 532
(Iffiaj ; S. O. U. Lilt Bril. B. p. 122 (1883) ; Set. Litt Vert. An.
8th ed. p. 428 (1B83) j Oalei, B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 277 (1883) ;
»(£A. Ibii, 1BS4, p. 370 (Kiukion^) ; Sound. Tarrelti SiH. Br. B.
JT.p. 347 (18ft4-86) ; SwimA. * Barrtet, Ibi*, 1885, p. 137 ; LiVord,
Ihu, 1889. p. 345 (Cyprus) ; Hume, yeOs ^ Eggs (Ontti ed.), iii.
p. 286 (1890); Rehmv. J.f. O. 1890, p. 83; Eaani. Ibis, 1891,
p. 72 (brecdinK) ; Dreu. ibid. a. 369 (Erteroum) ; Collell, Forh.
%Ul CAr. 1890 (1891), no. 4, pp. 17-19 (Norway) ; SAwve, Sec.
I
Tark. Miu.,Avet, p. 128 fl881) ; Lilfbrd, Col Ftp. Br. B. pt. ix.
(1891) i Hartert, Eat. VogeUamtni. p. 228 [I891J ; Offilvie, Zool.
1892, pp. 392-398 (Brit Id.) ; UtiArr, t. e. pp. 334, 336 (IreUnd) ;
FtmA. r»rh. Oe». Erdk. Berl. u. p. (OrMolud) (1893).
Adm (Cawrcci) rutila, Brekm, J.f. O. 1864, p. 84 {Sudim).
Anas (Vulpanser) nitils, Stulde, Seu. 8. O.-Sibr. ii. p. S61, Tof.
jdT. f. 1 (puUua) (1863).
VnlpuiaeT nitilus, Badde, Omit Caueat. p, 361 (1884).
Cainna rutilft, Toes. P. Z. 8. 18B7, p. 611 (Cores); 1888, p.
(Cor»).
Nett&lopez Tutila, Hant u. Behnto. Nomend. Mtu. Hem. Om. p.
{1890).
Hybridi.
Oasanm rntiU tf XC. cona $, Sdat. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 442; a.
Ibit, 1869, p. 474.
TBdom&TutJlaxChen&lopeK ngjptisca, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 2.
Tadornft casarcaXQuetouedula ialcataP, &&(. P. Z. S. 1890, p. 1,
pi. 1 (Vladivostok, N.B. Asia).
TadomamtilaXT. (Bg7ptiw»,XewA. J./ 0. 1890, p. 221.
Adxdt male. Head, cheeka, and chin bnff-colour, darkening to an
orange-brown at the lower part of the nock, which is snrrounded
by a black ring; back, acBpolarB, breast, and all the underparta
orange-brown or foiy-red ; rump fulvous, Termioulated with black ;
upper tail-coverts, tail, and qoilk black ; wing-coverts white ;
■econdaries glossed with green and purple on the outer web, fonning
a speculuu) ; tertials yellowish, tinged with foxy-red od (be out«r
web, and on the inner with grey : bill, legs, and feet blackish ; ins
brown-hazel. Total length about 24 inches, wing 14-6, tail 5-5,
oolmen 1*75 ; tarsne 2*25.
J^maU. Similar to the male, but the head is whiter, the black
oollai round the neck is wanting, and the coloration lighter.
According to Hume and others. Iho adult males also arc without
^^
26. CIBABCA.
in ^H
^m g. Imm. sk.
Aden.
C. Chevalier, Esq. [P.l ^H
India Museum [P.t ^H
^m h. Ad. ak.
Babylon (Jonu).
^H 1. A. (f Bd. ak.
Bagdad.
Kenneth Loftus, £aq. ^^H
W: D. Camming, Esq. ^H
^1 /. ,; ad ek.
Bushire, Pereian Qalf,
Mareh.
^H
^H m, n. (f $ ad. ak.
Kandahar, March.
Colonel Swiohoe [P.]. ^H
H ». Sjuv.ak.
Ynrkand.June {J. Senlly).
HumeCoU. ^H
H f>. d ad. ^.
Turkeatan, May {Graf
Wamaiy).
SaiacMts.
Dr. 0. Fio^h [P,]. ^H
^1 0, r. g ad. at bA.
St 0. LitUedale, Esq. ^B
■ ak.
^H 4. f. <; Kd. ak.
Lob-nor{/V;>wii«A:y).
Seobdhm CuU. ^H
^H a. $ ad. ak.
Chuan-che aupr. iPn'nat-
India.
Seebohm ColL ^H
^H r. -Vd. St.
Major-Uen. Hardwicke ^H
^H
^M «. <1 ad. sk.
India.
PuTcl?^, ^H
^H J-. y. Ad. at.
N. India.
Col, Cobb [0,]. ^H
^M t-e. (f»Letjuv.
Ud»k(«racAfy).
India Museum [p.]. ^H
^1 <;'. Ad. sk.
Sdkkur, Sindli.
India Museum [P. J. ^H
^1 f '. S <ld. Rk.
Jhedura. Nov.
Hume Col!. ^^M
H /. 2 ad. 8k.
(!^heiifib below .Mooltan.Dec.
Hume CotL ^H
■ y. Ad.ak.
H \-n\ ^ $ «L et
.Murdan. March.
Hume ColL ^H
CJurKaon, Dalhi, Jan., Feb.
Hume ColL ^H
^H cT imm. ak.
( IV. y. CAM).
^H '>',jf>i- (f ad.et
Etawali.
Hume CoU. ^^M
■ jgv.^k.
H r-V.<f$ad.ak.
AUohabad, Feb., March,
Nov. (A. 0. a.}.
Hume Coll. ^H
^1 »", o", 4". Ad. ak.
Oudh.
Capt. Staokhouse Hn- ^^|
^H /'. i ad. sk.
Oudh, Jan.
Hume CoQ. ^H
H /". <;ad.ak.
Uoao,3»n. [0. Reid).
Hume ColL ^H
■ ;". J.d.sk.
Hume Coll ^H
■ k: f. Ad. et
^M imm. sk.
^H A", /". .U. sk. et
Nepal.
Tweeddale CoU. ^H
fTepaL
fi, li. Hodgson, Esq. ^^|
^^1 imm. St.
^H
^H m". Ad. sk.
^H n". Ad. ak.
Nepal (Hodgmm).
India Mu^um [P.]. ^H
B, El. Hod^D, W ^H
Hume CoU. ^^M
^H o". $ ad, sk.
Interior of Nat. Sikhim,
H ,;
May (£. .Va«dtUi).
^^^M
Native Sikhim, May
name CoU. ^^H
^1 f". 9 ad. sk.
^H /'. /. Ad. sk.
Sikhim, Oct. (i. M.).
Hume CoU. ^H
Calcutta, March,
Hume CoU. ^H
^H t". $ ad. -k.
Rnipur, Feb,
Hume CoU. ^H
^H w". (f >d. sk.
Deccan (Syka).
Boulay, Upper Peiru.Nov.
Kiukiang, China, Nov.
India MueeumfP.]. ^H
E. W. Dates, Eb^. \C.\ ^H
F. W. Styau, Esq. [P.l. ^H
^M p". ^ nd. sk.
^M W, X". Ad. sk.
^H y". Ad. sk.
Kiukianjf, China, Nov.
(F. W. Sh/an).
ijeebohm CoU. ^H
^1 S", »'. (f ad. et
^H ^. d *d. sk.
Hankow, China.
C. Maries, En. [C.]. H
Shsnghai, China, Jan. (.4.
Secbobm Coll. ^H
L
MiAit).
J
182 AVATQA
e*. $ kd. sk. CotM. C. W. CunpbeU, £m.
[PA
d*. Skeleton. Zool Soe.
e*. Skeleton. Volga. Brenat Coll.
/*. Imperfect tkeL Nep&l. B. H. Hodgson, Eaq.
HTSBise.
Oaiarea rutilaX C. c
[P.].
2. Casarca cana.
OreT-beaded Dock, Brown, Itt. pp. 102, 104, pla. 41, 42 (Cape of
Good Hope) (1776) ; Lath. Sk/n. Sapiil. i. p. 373 (^1787).
Oie StiUTage k tSte ^ise de la Cote de Coromandel (f), Sonm. Voy. aur
Graj-beaded Qoofie, Lath. Syn. ill. 2, p. 4fi8, n. 19 (1786).
Anai cana, Cm. & N. i. 2, p. 510, n. 66 (1788) j Lath. Ind. Ont. ii.
p. 840, 11.22 (1790);ifi«. TV. (TOrti. p. 6S3 (var.) (1831) ; Z*cW,
ForHer'i Doer. An. p. 44 (note) (1844) ; &JIfsr. Afiu. P.-A.,
AnaeTss, p. 67 (1866) ; (Tt'eA. 2^m. Orn. i. p. 346 (syn. emend.)
(1872) ; Banf. Sf HarvU-Brown, Ibu, 1875, p. 430.
Anas eegTptiaca fi, Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 840 (part.) (1790).
Anaer ferrngineus, Bomu Etie. MHK i. p. 116, pi. 30. f. 2 (1790) («
Brown).
Anaer canus, Fi«iU. N. D. xxiii. p. 846 (1818).
Beruicla cana. Steph. Gtn. Zool zii. 2, p. 61 (1824).
Eauika du Cap de Bcnme Espfrance, Lafr. Mag, de Zool.,Oit. 1834,
in the text of pi. 36.
Chenalopez cana, BuL Mon. Anat. p. 104 (1838) ; id. &m. Anat.
p. 64 (1868).
ADSflteontuia, Font, (nsc Om. P) Icon. intd. 69, 70; id. Deter. An.
(ed. lAckt), p. 44 (1844) (Cape of Good Hope).
Casarca nitila, part., 0. B. Or. i«( S. Brit. ilui.tVi.'p. 132(1844);
Tsdornavulpansertf xCwaM»e«iia$,Scii(. F. Z. S. 1659, p. 442,
I. 414: id. Lilt Vert. An. 8lh ed. p. 438
p. 326
TDlpaiuer rf x Tudonia (
a ?, ^. Newt. Ibi>,
Adult male. Head and neck ash-coloured ; a dark rufous collar
round the neck ; lower part of the nock and breast fnlTOOB, changing
into cinnamon-colour on tbo upper back, eoapular!!, aud nnderparts ;
the lower abdomen almost cbestnut ; under tail-coverts bright
fnlToos ; bock and scapulars Tonniculated vith black ; lower back
blachish, with pale vermicnlations ; upper tail-ooverts and tail
black ; tower flanks blackish, with fulvous vermiculations ; upper
and under wing-coverts white ; primaries, bastard-wing, and
primary- cove rta black, secondaries glossy green on the outer web,
forming a speculum ; inner secondaries cinnamon on the outer web,
dark grey on the inner one ; greater under wing-covert« blackisfa ;
beak and feet black. Total length about 22 inches, wing 14, tail
5*5, culmen I'S, torsns 2.
Ffnale. Similar to the male, from which it difiers in having the
anterior pnrt of the head, the sides of the head above the ear-oDTcrts,
and the throat white ; size somewhat smaUer.
Youit^ tnale. Paler and duller than the adult bird ; the head
and upper part of the neck dull greyish brown.
Bab. South Africa, as far north as Transvaal and Orange Free
State.
s, i. $ ad. et juT. South Africa.
«. ,f ad.ek.
Transvaal ( T. Ayrei).
Potachefatroom, July
{T.Ayre,).
Kroonatad, March
[F. Sj/mortdt).
Sir A. Smith [0.].
Shelley CoU.
J. H. Gumey, Esq,
[P-l
J. U. Gumej, Esq.
[P.J ^
niBRiDB,
Tadoma comuta cf X Canarca cana 2 ,
Zoological Socie^.
Catarca cana J XC rutila J .
Zoological Society.
3. Casarca rariegata.
Varitsftted Oooae, Lath. Syn. iii. 2, p. 441, n. 6 (1785) (New
Zedand).
Anas Twiegata, Gm. S. Jf. i. 2, p. 505, n. 58 (1788) : lath. Ind.Om.
i). p. Sae. n. 10 (17C0I ; Schlfff. Mut. P.-B., Anseres, p. 66 (1806) ;
GM. Tht*. Om. i. p. 364 (1872).
haMft variegatns, Som. Ene. Milh. i. p. 113 (1700) ; VieiU. N. D.
nm.p.84S(iei8); Dum. i>ice. SC.Vat. xxxr. p. 472(1825).
Ansa pcta, FinU. (wk Ovi.) N. D. t. p. 132 (New Zealand) (1616)
{exCooht).
Bemiela Tuieg«ta, A«pA. Gen. Zool. zii. 2, p. 59 (1834).
Caurka castanea, %e. Mon. ..liuit. p. 108, pi. 19 ( $ ) (1888) ; til.
■V- ^n«(- P- 69 (1869).
Ansa chenetos, Fortt. Icon. trad. t. 67 ; id. Deter. An. (ed, ZwM.)
p. 92 (1844) i LicAt. ibid, (note) (=A. lariegiita, Om.).
OdMLTca rariegata, O.ILGr.in Dieff. Trav. ii. App. p. 198 (1643) ;
id. Lift B. Brit. Mv*. iii. p. 133 (f844) ; id. Om. B. lii. p. 613, n. 8
(1846) i G.R.aT. Zool. Ereb. ^ Terror, Birds, p. 15, pi. 16 (<J)
(1846) ; Sehnb. Sgn. Av., NaUtores, p. 94. f. ^361 (e2- freft. ^
Terror) (1860); Lieht. Homencl. Av. p. 101 (1854); 'Eaatt,
-Hmort, p. 136 (1861) ; id. Jfiw, 1862, p.lOl ; G. £. ffr. JW»,18e2,
p. 240; Lauard, Ibit, 1863, p. 245; Sailer, Esiay Om. N. Zeal.
p. 18 (16%) ; Hector, Nea Zeal. Eah. p. S77 (1866) ; Finteh,
J.f. O. 1867, p. 336, 1870, p. 356; FotU, Tr. ^ Pr. N. Z. Intt.
ii. (1869) p. n (1871) ; Mitton, Ibit, 1870, p. 398 (Auckland) ;
id. Git. B. New Zeal p. 86 (1871) ; O. S. Gr. Tland-liit, iii. p. 80,
n. 10623 (1871) ; Travert, Tr. ^ Pr. N. Z. Intt. iv. (1871) pp. 206,
207 (1872) ; Finich, J. /. O. 1872, p. 184 ; BotU, Tr. ^ Pr. N. Z.
Itut. V. p. 190 (1878) ; SuUer, Hut. B. Sen ZeaL p. 241, pL 26
(d 2 ) (187S) i Harme Brown, Ibit, 1874, p. 96 (egp) ; jUicA,
J. /. 0. 1874, p. 202; Sharpe, ZooL Ereb. $ Terr., Birds, App.
p. 31 (1876) J Suller, Man. B. New Zeal. p. 67, pi. xxii. (1882) ;
Touch, Ibit, 1682, pp. 400, 401; tZauard, iMd. p. 542 (New
(1888) ; Tri»tr. Cat. OoU. B. p. 60 (1880) j Smith, Trant. ^ Pr.
N. Z. Intt. ni. 1888, p. 222 (188'" " " •" ' - •' "
Intt. zxT. 1892, p. 63 (180:
2 (1880) i Bailer, Trmt. * Pr. N. Z.
Casarca caatonea, Bp. Compt. Rend, zliii. p. 649, n. 48 (1866).
Anaer vahegBta, EUman, Zool. 1861, p. 7471.
Tadonia vftri^iata, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 191, pi. lix, 1866, pp.78,
\i<.\, 1809, p. 023, 18(iO, p. 512; id. Lul IWt. An. 6lt ed. p. 429
(1883) ; Rogeron, BaU. Soe. Aedim. 1885, pp. 161-173; ." ' "
23. CABABCA.
185
not, more or leas waved and freckled with blaok and white lines ;
remainder as in the mole. Size somewbat leas.
Tottng. " In the yeuag etage the sexes are alike, the plumage
resembling more nearly that of the adult male. Head and upper
portion of neck sooty black, varied with light broirn ; lower portion
of neck dark brown, with narrow transverse lines of rufous ; the
whole of the under surface blackish browu, mottled and barred
with rufous, each feather narrowly margined with white ; ahoulden,
back, and lower aides of the body black, with vrhito freckles and
vermiculations ; wings as in the adult ; rump and toil black ; under
tiul-oorerts pale ferruginous" {BuSer),
Young mala have a tinge of brown about the head, and the
feathers of the shoulders more or less margined with dull fulvous
brown, presenting on the surface wavy lines (BuUtr).
Toting female* show irregular white feathers on the head and
neck, which rapidly increase in number, till the plumage of those
parts becomes entirely white (Buller).
Toung in doom. Dpper half of the head, a band along the nape,
mantle, and anterior part of the wings, a band along the back, and
two patches on the flanks brown ; lower half of the head, lower
parts, posterior half of the wings (except at the tip), and a band on
each side of the back and rump white.
ffi^. New Zealand (it has straggled to Brisbane?).
A,&cf$ad. St New Zealand.
c, li d S ad. at
r,/ ^ S ad. St.
•, A. <; $ ad. tk.
L <f ad. sk.
New ZealftDd.
New Zealand.
Otago. July.
[Brisbane. July] {CockereU
if TAorpe).
New Zealand Coll.
[P.].
P. Earl. Esq. [CJ.
Capt. Stokes [P. J
Hume Coll.
Salvin-Qodmnn Coll
Zool. Soc.
4. Csiarca tadomoides.
la tadoraoides, Jnrd. ijf .SWfty, III. Oni. ii. pi. Iiii. (1828) ; Lt^fr.
Mag. ZmI., Ois. 1834. lext to pl. 23; Le»». Compt. ile Buff., Oim.
U. p. &34 (1837) ; id. op. eit. 2nd bA p. 721 (1838) ; SeUtg. Mm.
P.'B.. AnsereM, p. 66 (1866) ; Gieb. The>. On. i. p. 364 (1872).
Anas kasarkoidra, Lafr. Mag. At Zool. 18.^ text to pl. 3C.
Caurka todomoides, Eyt. Man. Anat. p. 107 (1838) ; id. &;«. Anat.
p. 68 (1869).
Casarca ladomoidea, Oiuld, B. Auttr. v. pl. 7 (pL xir., 1844) ; 6. R.
Or. Lid B. Brit. Mm. iiL p. 133 (1844) ; H. Gen. B. m. p. 613.
c. S(IS45); A'AnA.«i/n.^B.,Natatore),t. 93.9'. 428-430(1846);
ImM. A'omeucl. Av. p. 101 (1861) ; Bp. Campt. Rend, iliii. p. 6*9,
tt. 47 (1866); Selat. P. Z. 8. 18^, p. 185: fSaiUd, Handb. B.
Anttr. ii. p. 361 (1866) ; G. S. Or. Sand-lut, iii. p. 80, n. 10623
(1871) ; ainM. Pr. itro. Soe. If. S. W. i. pp. Ift5, 219 (1876), ii.
p. 200. n. 653 (]«7a) ; id. Tab. LUt, p. 22, n. GG4 (1888) ; Blaauie,
Ibit, 1894, p. 317 (duuble moult).
Tadonu Udornoidea, i/arf/. Vert. Get. .Vim. p. US (1844); Sdat
p. Z. S. 1864, p. 191, pi. XTiii., 1880, p. 612 ; kI. Ztrf Vat. Am,
6th ed. p. 429 (1883) ; Leffpe, Pr. S. Soc. Tatm. 1886, p. 244
(TtunDBUitt) (1887) ; Tri»tr. Cat. CoU. B. _p. 69 (1889) ; UarUrt,
Kat. VogeUammt. p. 228 (1891) ; Sharpe, Qit. OtUol Spedm. Coil.
Surg. iii. p. 298 (1891).
Vulpenaer tadornoides, Sehiw. Orn. CentraOl. 1882, p. 36 ; ul. VSg,
tool GdTt. p. 62 (1882).
Nettalopex tctdoroiiia, Htmit $ Eekme. Norn. Mua. Hem. Orn. p. S43
(1890).
Adtdt maU. Head and npper part of the neek ^ossy dark grem ;
a white ring separates the npper part of the neck from thelowerpart,
which, together with the apper part of the hack and breast, are of
a bright foxy-red ; back, acapulars, and lower parts black, finely
freckled and waved with falvoos ; npper and under tajl-coverts and
tail black, glossed with green ; wing-coverts pure white ; primaries
and primary-coTerts black; seooudaries with a glossy green
Bpecnlam ; tertiaries rich chestnnt on their onter wob and dark
grey on their inner webs ; " irides dark brown j bill black ; legs
greyish black "(G'ouU). Total length abont 24 inches, wing 14,
tul 6, onlmen 1*8, tarsos 2-25.
fimaU. Smaller and duller than the male ; head and upper part
of the neck brown-black ; a ring of white or mottled feathers
Borronnds the base of the biU.
According to F. E. Blaanw, this bird is sabject to a doable moult
" In May the first moult takes place of all tlie feathers, primaries
and tail-feathera included. The rich shining chestnut feathers of the
breast are then replaced by dull yellowish-brown feathers, and tbe
white neck-collar is replaced by another collar, also white, but not
so clearly defined, and not nearly so pure in colour." Kr. Blaanw
calls this the winter dress.
"At the end of August generally, the second moult (of the
27. AKAS.
187
27. AHAS.
Alias, Lmn. S, N. i. p. 134 a766)
AnaasuSy Hqfin. AnatyK^ p. 72 (1815).
Boschas, Sw. Favna Bor.-Amer.j Birds, p. 442 (1881)
Mange. Cosmopolitan.
A. boscas.
A. boscas.
ji'
Key to the Species.
41% Central tail-feathers curled up.
a'. No white ring round the eyes.
a". Speculum purple-blue; under tail-
coyerts in fml-plumaged males velvety
black
b". Speculum greenish blue; under tail-
coverts (in full-plumaged males?)
black, more or less mixed with chest-
nut
V. A ring of white feathers round the eyes. .
b. Central tail-feathers not curled up.
cf'. Wing-speculum puiple, green, or blue,
e". No transverse wnite oands across the
tail.
Bill greenish olive or yellowish, but
not yellow with a distinct longi-
tudinal black patch on the culmen.
c*. Outer web of tertials not white.
c^. No very distinct black band
through the eyes, but sometimes
only an obsolete one.
c*. Throat and cheeks thickly
streaked with brown; no
white band anteriorly to the
speculum.
c'. gpeculum metallic green . .
(P. Speculum dark violet ;
general colour very dark . .
(P, Throat usually not streaked
with brown; the light part
of the plumage more or less
rufescent.
e'. No white subapical band on
the last row of the upper
wing-coverts ; specmum
bluish green or greenish
blue.
«". Secondaries with no white
band at the tip, or with
a very narrow one ....
/*. Secondaries with a very
distinct white band,
about 0'35 inch broad,
at the tin
/^. A white suoapical band on
the last row of the upper
boicas, p. 189.
wyinllianaj p. 196.
laysanensiSf p. 199.
melierif p. 199.
obscura, p. 200.
\fulviyula, p. 202.
( maculosa, p. 203.
aberti, p. 204.
wing-coverte, quite dia-
f'. Speculum puipla-blue or
violet... JofOM ?,p. 189.
V. Speculum greenish blue
or bluish green ws/iiilliana $,p. 196.
I*. Speculum green dum, p. S04. .
d', A verr distinct black band
through the ejea.
**. Sides of the head ud ni»ck
rufous ; plumage sJmost uni-
form brown-crej luxcnioa, p. SOS. •
/•. Sides of the head and neck
not ruf oua ; general plumage
distinctly mottled ; speculum
metallic green; no white
band anteriorly to the specu-
lum si^rcilio»a, p. 206.
if*. Outer web of tertials more or less
broadlj white ; terminal portion
of the upper mandible yellow.
e". Speculum metallic green ; a
broad white Bubapical band on
the last row of the upper wing-
coverts, anteriorly to the spe-
culum ; mandible at the fore-
head red ; breast white, with
conspicuous black round spots;
the whole of the outer web of
tertials white padhrhgncha, p, 209.
J*. Speculum metallic blue, more
or leaa with a Kreenisb lustre ;
no white band anteriorly to
tlie speculum ; no red apotB at
1. Anas boscas.
i, p. 318 (i:«0) ; Ltneh, Cat. Af. ^ B, Br.
oDuck.
Adu ten, Brill. Om. i
Jtf<».p.3S(181C).
Ansa domestica, Briia. Om. <ri. p. 308 (1760) ; (ha. 8. If. i. 2,
S638, n. 113 (1788) ; Dmi,. Dkt. Sc. Nal. vi. p. S64 (1817) ;
reKm, Vog. DevlieM. p. 8ti6 (1831).
Aiuw rostro iQCuiTO, BriM. Om. vi. p. 311 (1760).
An»a boschw, Linn. S. N. i. p. 305, n. 40 (1708); Seop. Ann. I.
Silt. Nat. p. 63, n. 77 (1769) ; Font. Philo*. Tram. liii. p. 383
(1772) ; Qm. S. N. l 2, p. fl38, n. 40 (17881 ; lalH. Tnd. Ont. ij.
p. 850, n. 49 (1790) ; Bonn. Enc. MM. i. p. 142 (1790) ; Zfl(A.
Tram. Lim. Soc. iv. p. 112, pi. Kiii. C 10 (trachea) (1798);
FtiUai, Zoogr. RoiMO-At. ii. p. 25S (1811) ; WiU. Am. Om. viii.
p. 112, pi. 70. f.7 (1814); Ti!mm.Man. p. 537 (1815); Vititt.
S. D. r. p. 138 (1816) i Dum. Did. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 366 (1817) ;
Ttmm. Man. 2nd ed. ii. p. 835 (1820) ; Boie, Itii, 1822, p. 564 ;
Lieht. rert. Doubl. p. 84 (1823) ; StepA. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 84
(1824) ; Bp. Ob*. Nomaui. IViU. a. 256 (1835) ; Sam, EUm.
# Zaol. iu. pt. iz. p. 100 (1826) ; Bp. ^. p. 383 (1828) ;
it'cAf. Prai-Ven. p. iii, n, 157 (Mexico) (1830)! Brehm, Itii,
1830, p. 992 ; Let,. Tr. rfOm. p. 634 (1831) ; Sari, ft-n. Tote. Ui.
p. 161 (1831); Wagl. /.«, 1881, p. 532 (Mexico); MtnHr. Cat.
Sat*, p. 57 (Bakou) (1832) ; And. Om. Biogr. iii. p. 164. pL 221
(1836) ; StriekL P. Z. S. 1836. p. 102 (Srayroa) ; Gould, B. Eur.
pL 361 (1837) ; Bp. Comp. LUt. p. 56 (1836) ; Eat. Mm. Anot.
p. 140, pi. 11 (ekeletoQ &. trachea) (1838); Frai. P. Z. S. 1B39,
p. 1S4 (EriCToum) ; Aud. Hyn. p. 276 (1830) ; Vig. ZooL Beeeh.
Vm. p. 30 (1839) ; Ttmm. Man. it. p. 531 (1840) ; K. ^ B.
Wtrheltk. Ear. pp. ixxxv, 227 (1840) ; MaogilL Man. ii. p. 165
(1612) ; Sely-Lmg. Faun. Beige, i. p. 140 (1842) ; Naum. Viig.
JDeutichl. n, p. 675, Tal 300 (1842) ; Aud. B. Am. vi. p. 236,
SL .385 (1843); DeKay, N. T. Zoot. ii. p. 347 (1844); Qinaa,
I. Imtg hi p. 29fl (1844) ; Hchleg. Set. Crit. p. ciiii (1844)
Hani. I'en. Ga. Mui. v. Uit (ISU); G. R. Gr. LUt B. BrU.
Miu. iii. p. 136 (1844; ; id. Grn. B. iii. p. 616, n. 1 (1845) ; Siipp.
thtxriDg niiie relalioD to A. botcai ; beiidei, the mottUog of llie baad and
of tbs upper parts aboirs great libmeis to A. butcai, villi whioh the adult
bird* from the Uarianne lilanda, when anELablc, wLU haTa tQ be OOmpared.
Oneof tlu ■r~" "" !_:r__ ...!._.. _. .... 1 < ..
\
teof tlu maoien* ia \m aimilar to the Wp* of " ^. boichiu a. /rtymitti" ;
■ ia labelled an from "M^ouinM Islandi. but, according to U. Ouatalet, it
■Mjr taaTe corns from the Marianne Iilanda
r Ana* bowhaa a. trercineti, Bp, Oampl. Bold. xlju. p. 0i9 (IS66) (nomen
Anai ouilaloti, Salvad. BflL Brit. Om. Club, n. n. p. 1 (Mananne la.)
08W,.
F^uati. Similar to A. mpereUioia, but differs m being paler undiirnratb, in
haijim Uaa deOned diulij band* un the lides of the bend (one through the larea
lad me ajM backwards, uid the other through the ciieeka), the light part of the
(k«k> redder and generally gputled, and tbs ipeculuin bluish purple, while
in A. mpttttlioia it i> pure motallie green ; beiide* anteriorl; to the speculum
thaic i< > suffldentlj distinut while band near the tip of the greater wing-
•l^Mrta. which i* wantine in A. luperciiioia. (jtfal. Paru.)
Hat. Uarianoe or Ladrooe Iiland* (Gnshlm).
^gt. UOert. p. 138, n. 497 (Abjsaiiua) (1646) ; SchiA. Son. Av.,
NaUtons, t. 84. ff. 199-303 (184S) ; a. It. Or. Ou. Sodgt. CoU.
B. M. p. 145 (1646) ; Goise, B. Jam. p. 408 (1847) ; PeaU, U.S.
Expl. Ecp. no. 103 (1848) ; DegL Orn. Bur. ii. p. 425 (1849) ;
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 303, n. 1771 (1849) ; T. 4- S.
Faan. Jap., Avet, p. 126 (1850) ; HarcoaH, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 146
(Madeira) i BcAnb. Av. Sytt. Nat. p. ix (16631; Bartl. AnA.f.
Ifatuiy. 1852, i. p. 122 ; Woodh. &V- ^- P- 103 (1853) ; Muid.
Sibir. Beit. ii. 2, p. 229 (I853>; Walimgr. Naumanma, 1S54,
p. 270 (Scandinavia) ; Lichl. Xomend. Av. p. 101 (Arabia, Mexico)
(1854) ; Bollt, J. f. 0. 1855, p. 179 (Cananes) ; Bp. Compt. Send.
iliii. p. 649, n. 64 (1856) ; Seteb. P. R. R. Jttp. ti. p. 102 (1857) ;
Cab. J./. O. 1867, p. 229 (Cuba) ; Ca»t. U.S. Expl. Eip., Mamm.
aud Om. p. 340 (Or^on, California, Philippines) (1858) ; KittL
JimkK. ii. p. 294 (1858); Adamt, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 516; Murr.
NeTo Ediytb. PhU. Joum. 1859, p. 229 (Hudson's Bay) ; Adanu,
P. Z. S. 1859, p. 190; Saird, B. N. Am. p. 774 (1868) ; id. Cat.
B. N. Am. a. 676 (1869) ; BryajU, Pr. Bott. Soc. N. H. viii.
p. 132 (Bahamas) (1859) ; Bre^oer, ibid. p. 308 (Cuba) (1860) ;
J&ioer, P. Z. S. 1860, p. Sa'J (gizzard) ; Co,^. ^ SucAl. N. M.
Walk. Terr. p. 253 (I860) ; Schrmck, Vog. Amurl. p. 472 (1860) ;
Reinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 13 (Greenland); SwiiA. Ibit, 1861, p. 344
(N. China); 0)u««, Pr. Ac. t%ilad. 1861, p. 238; iSwinh. Ibit,
1862, p. 254 ; BiaK^t. Ibit, 1862, p. 332 (Japan) ; Verr. Pr. E$t.
Iiut. ill. p. 153 (1862) ; Rosi, Canad. Nat. v-ii. p. 152 (McKenzie
R.) (1862) ; id. Nat. Hist. Btv. (3) ii. p. 387 (1862) ; Hm/d. Rtp.
p. 175 (1862) ; iMAf. J.f. 0. 1863, p. 59, n. 151 (Mexico) ; G. R.
Or. lAtt Br. B. p. 193 (1863) ; id. Cat. Sodgt. CoU. B. M. 2nd
od. p. 77 (1863) ; Swink. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 324 (Chma) ; id. Ibit,
1863,p. 434 (Formosa) ;iiij(«e,&rM.S. 0.-Si6i>. li. p. 363 (1863) j
MarcA, Pr. Ac. PAilad. 1864, p. 73 (Jamaica) ; Jerd. B. oflnd.
iii. p. 398 (N. India) (1864) ; Trittr. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 453 (Pales-
tino) ; Later. Ann. Lye. N. Y. Tiii. p. 13 (Panama) (1865) ; More,
lUi, 18(ii). ]). -143 (LJivat Itiit.) ; Oodm. Ibis, ISiyj. p. lOJ (.Vzores) ;
Schleff. Muj. P.-B., Ai^rea,f.iO {ISm) I CBueg,Pr. Ac. {"hi/ad.
2". iSAB. 191
p. 378 (Cuba) : Sotd. Ont. Mue. i. p. 117, pi xiv. f. 2 { S in cf
plumage! (1B7S) ; Bianf. Etat. Pert. ii. p. 300 (lS7Gh Sclat.^
8ah. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 380 ; SeuUi/, Str. Feath. iy. p. 19S (Tur-
kegtan) (1876); Drtsa. Ibu, 1876, p. 409; Pnaa. Mongolie, ii.
pp. 166, 170 (1870) ; Swinh. itw, 1877, p. 146 (Ilakodsdi) ; Taa.
dm. Faun. Vott. Sibir.p. 69 (1877) ; id. SuU. Soe. Zool. B: 1677,
p. 46; David It Outt. Oil. Chine, p. 496 (1B77) ; Pnev., Soiclry't
Om. Mite. iii. p. 101 {S.E. Mongolia) (1878) ; Blak. ^ Pryer,
iAu, 1678, p. 213; ^iJaini, i£u. 18(8, p.4»0 (Mebalmki) ; Setbh.
ftu. 1879, p. 23 (Jspan) ; Iltime, Str. J>a(4. viii. p. 115, n. 958
(1879) ; rinich, Verh. z.-b. Oei. Wien. 1879. p. 262 (1879) ; Biak.
4- Prytr, Tr. Am. Soc. Jap. riii, p. 183 (1880) ; Guy, S. Bahama
Isl p. 184 (1880) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. IBSO, p. 616 ; ElUot, Mm. Seal
ItL p. 130 (1881) ; ifcAnw. Om. CadrMl. 1882, p. 18 ; id. Vog.
seat. Gart. p. 60 (1882) : C. Sainh. Hit, 1883. p. 124 (S. A&hiui-
isten) ; B^ak. ^ Pryer, Tr. Am. Soe. Jap. x.p. 96 (1882) ; Blakiit.
CAryionM. 1883, p. 37 ; Tacx. BuU. Soe. Zool. Fr. 1883, p. 3t3 :
Jfiirt/. J./. 0. 1883, p. 281 (Alaska); Ail!.. &w« ' CVaii«,'j). 95
(1883) ; B., B., ^ R. Water-B. K Am. i. p, 491 (1884) ; THrfr.
Fowl. ^ Fhr. PaUat. p. 116 (1884) ; D'Sammv. BuU. Soe. Zool.
Fr. 1881, p. 101 ; Madar. Zeitichr. d. ge». Om. i. p. 37 (1884) ;
Sehiamaxi, Mitth. om. Per. Wien, 1884, p. 38 {vox.) ; id. ZeiUohr.
d. pet. Om. ii. p. 63, t. 6 (v»r,) (1885) ; Zanabt. Oil. Tranicasp.
p. 72 (1885) ; Serbh. Hilt. Br. B. iii. p. 669, pL 63 (««g} (1885) ;
Om/. iMt B. We^t Ind. p, 30 (1886) ; TWrwr, Aide, 18M, p. 168 ;
SUmeg. Bull U.S Xat. Mui. n. 29, p. 162 (Bering Is.) (1885) ;
WeUi, Lilt n. Qrenada, p. 10 (1886); ITffaraonw. Bull. Soc.
Zool. Fr. 1886, p. 286; Hartinq, Zoolog. 1886,0.339; Turner,
Omtr. JV. H. AloMka, p. 131 (1886) ; A. O. V. ChetMiit If. Am.
B. p. 114, n. 133 (1886); (Tray, P. Z. S. 1887, pp. 348-360,
pk. udi., XXX. (wing) ; I^eli. R^. N. H. CoU. in AUuka, Birdi,
p. 67 (1887) : Ridgw. Man. N. Am. B. p. 91 (1887) ; Stein. Pr.
P,S. A''rf. Mui. X. p. 136 (CommnndBT Ii.) (Irt87) ; Tacx. P. Z. S,
1888, p. 400 (Cores); While, Tr. N. Z. /«*(. rx. p. 39 (1888)
($ in (J plumoge); £Vy, Auk, 1888, p. 61 (Cuba, Bah unas,
Jwwuca. Grenada) ; id. S. W. Ind. p. 332 (1889) ; Meye,; Abb.
Vogel-Skcl. Tftf. ex*, (pt. xii., 1889) ; Triitr. Cat. Coil. B. p. 49
(1889); Setbh. D. Jap. Fmp. p. 243 (1890); Sarlert, Kat.
Vogdiajnml. p. 390 (1691); Sharpr, Cat. Oit. Spite. Call. Surg,
ui. Ave; p. 299 (1891): Brandt. J./. O. 1891. p. 367 (Aleutiwi
I*.) ) Bateh, B. nf Minnei. p. 38 (ISftJ) ; Otut. Oil. du Turkeit.
etc., XavB. Arch. (3) vi. Exlr. p. 97 (1894).
Aims boschu, S, Linn. S. y.i. p. 206 (1706) (=A. aomestioB).
Anu ftduncn, Linm. S. N. i. p. 306, n. 41 (1766) {tax. domestica) ;
Om. S. N. i. 2, p. 538, a. 41 (1788) ; Palt. Zaagr. Bauo-Ai. ii.
S2C7 (1811); nanoean, Br. B. ii. pi. 218 (1838); Lru. Tr.
Om. p. 6.14 (1831) ; Jmyn*, Man. p. 234 (1836).
^iiMmrmach.a.,Soop.Ann. I. Hiit.Nat.p. 66, d.SO (1769) (var.P);
Om. S. y. i. 2, p. 510. n. 73 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 847,
D. 40 (1790); Bona. Ene. Mith. i. p. 146(1790); BeehH. Om.
Tatehenli. ii. p. 453 (1803) ; FieUl. K D. i. p. 128 (1816) ; Dum.
Dirt. Sc. Kat. vi. p. 384 (1817) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 107
(1824).
AnM curvirortra, Pail. Spidl. vi. p. 33 (1769): ft". 8. N. i. 3,
p. 637, n. 112 (1788); Lath. Ind. Om. ii, p. 852, n. 60 (1790) ;
S«mm. Bmc. Mttk. L p. Ii4 0790} ; FUZ. .V. D. t. pL 107 |1S16> :
£Kn. Diet. Se. SmI. vi jl 365 (I^IT) : Sttpk. Gtu. Ztnl. ziL %
PL 93 (l^ei) ; Bdab. ^a. ^r^ NalaUms, t. SI. fl. 313-15 \\AiS>.
Gmaid Bon^, UAiJiaa. PL EmL ~6 (<f), 777 <$> |l~Ol:
B^. HiA. Sat. Om. ix. p. lis, [d*. 7, 8 (17e3f.
Anatn aalratica rule, G(r. Afar. ^£ Tcr. t. t oTO (c^) 41776).
HaDard. A)nL2b(>JL.<ln<.D.p.563(1785): Zctt. &>. iii.3, p.4«.
n. 43 (1785).
Cmred-Ukd Dw^ Zofi. fiy>. iii S, p. 496, b. 44 (1705).
Aiw cinliato, Csl SI .V. L 2, p. 538 (1788) (tu.}-
Anaa penica, fiat. iML (rar. ).
Anaa major, Gm. t. c p. 539 (rar.J.
Anaa giwa. Gat. iiiiJ. (Tar.).
Aaaa DKria, (Tat. ibid, (rar.}.
Anaa oigra, &■>. Aid. irar.J.
Anaa kwcaa. Fonf. Sym. Cat. Br. B. p. 3.) (IS17> : Wiarlam. BA,
1679, p. 4.>3 Inomen ^mend.) : Humt ^ MarA G«mt B. of lad.
iiL p. 151, pi. il {18S0): Bidd. Aw, 1681, p. 99: SaOf.t.c.
p.-%>: ^ J-£ A'nrt. Handb. Jami. f. 113 (16811 : Sidpe. Sim.
N. Ant. B. n. 601 (Iwlj : Court, Oieck-lut, 2iid ed. p. 113.
n. 707 (188-i) ; Salt. Cat. B. StHdJ. CW/. p. 533 (1683) : B. O. C.
Lift Brit. B. p. 135 (1883); Sdat. Un I'nY. ^4*. 6tl> cd. p. -130
(1883) : Gwi^ J&y .V. ^m. £. 2iid ed. p. 691 1 1884) : Samad.
YarrtSi HiMt. Br. B. ir. p. a58 (18844.5) : Gi^ Ie<m. .4(^.
JbiJ: fasc xxiz. U*. 31» (18%) ; SaUad. B. Cer. lUL p. ^S7
(1886); LOf. CcL Hg. Br. £. pt. riJL pL — (1688): Sumf,
Xtttt If Egg* [Oate* ed.), iii p. 3^^ (1890) : Sekmr. J.f. 0. 1?(W,
■a.&;S>tirpt,8tc. Tark. MiM.. Art», ^. MM {imi) : iM. fsn.
Bdg., Om. u. p. 433, id. 2&3 (la93) : Fiak*. MH. BioL xiiL p. ^96
aseZ) ; A. Stwt. Dit. o/B. p. 168 (1893).
AiMBatckiboachai,ZrraAm,im, I8.%,p. 997,ii.l:ad. np.AmArAC
ft 663 (1831).
AiiMaDbbc»ch»,&iAai, /fw, lS30,p.9g7,D.3; id. Fag. Drat^AL
27. iNAB.
19»
^
y. Amer. i. p. 491 (=A. boschas ij is cbonging pluma^F),
p. 4it5 (=A. boschiw X A. obscura?).
Ansa ftudubooi, Bp. Cump. List, p. 56, n. S74 (1838) (=l)reweri).
Anas moschttto-boschM, iicSwi. Syn. Av., NftUtorea, t. 84. t 203
(1&I5).
Ana* fuBFo-boschas, Jithnb. ibid. S. 20i-205 (1845),
Anas majiiaii,Gin>r, B. Jam. p. 399 (1^7) {= A. boachas X Curiaa
raosehatJt) ; Baird, JS. N. Artier, p. 774 (1858) ; Sdat. P. Z. H.
1869, p. 369 (Mexico).
ChaDleliuinius streponta a. breweri, Bp. Compt. Send, xliii. p. 650
( = C. atreperuB x A. boaeb&sl) (1856).
AnasbogcbaaxBalUaacuta.-Etfwf, P. Z. & 1859, p. 437.
Ants bodcbas x Ansa obacum, A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1S<X), p. 337;
Schleff. Mu4. P.-li., Anaerea, p. 41, n. 31 (1866) ; Sade, P,: U.S.
Not. .Vim. Tii. p. 66 (1884).
Adm boBchas x A. crecca. (Vwrnn. If. T. D. ii. p. 293 (1865)!
Leotrk. J.f. 0. 1890, p. 327.
AiMa bosclins li x Amid crecca 2, Sckkg. Mum, P.-B., Anseres,
p. 41. II. 30(1806).
Anas bnacbas (dameatica) x A. clTpeatn, T»ehu»i, Zeittekr. get. Oitt.
1885, p. 533,
P .Idm boKoa $ X A. aupercilioBa (J , White, Trans. JV. Zeid. Inst.
x»iii. pp. 134, 1S5 (1885).
Anu [domeatica] labradorta X Anas paira alba(!'), Kanp. Mim,
Soc. Zool. Fr. ill. p. 109 (1890); Leverk. J.f. 0. 1890, p. 227.
Anu bosuas x .4. atrepera, W. L. Sdat. P. Z. S. 1891, p. 313.
Aoaa boscns ^ x Mei^ua merganser 2, ScAiUler, Om. Jahrb. ii.
pp. 109, 110 (1891) i Ttchuti, ibid.m. 170, ITl.
Anna boachaa x Anas americana, EUiot, Auk, 1892, p. 160.
Anaa boscaa x CIinulelaamUB Htrepenu, Pavem, Bull. Soc. Veneto-
Trmt. di Sc. Nat. v. m. 3 (1893).
Adull maU. Hood and upper half of the neck rich glossy green ;
b^w that a narrow ring of white, not quite meeting behind;
manUe uid aoapulars grey, more or lesa tinted with brown and
ninutfily barred with hro^iii ; middle of the back dark umber-
brown ; rump, upper and under tail-«overtfi deep velvety block ;
Qpper breast deep chestnut; lower breast, sides, and abdomen
greyish white, waved with narrow dark linos : wings asb-browa ;
wing-apeculum on the secondaries glossy purple-blae, margined
Ulteriorly and posteriorly by a black and a whit« band, the last
low of the coverts having a subterminal white band and the tip
black, and the secondaries having a subterminal black band and the
tip white ; tertials partly dark brown on the outer web ; under
wing-«overts and axQlaries white ; foor middle tail-feathers black
and recurved, remainder of the tail-feathera pale grey in the middle,
edged with white : bill yellowish green, black at the tip ; under
mandible reddish yellow at the base ; irides brown ; le^a and feet
reddish orange. Total length about 24 inches, wing 10-o0-ll'50,
t«iJ 4'-l, cnlmen 2-2, tarsus 1-85.
Adult ffmalt. Oeueral colour of the upper parts dark brown, each
'" having a brownish-buff margin; the underparle are buff
" with dark brown, except on the chin and throat, which
194 uiAnsji.
an immactilat« ; wings as in tiis male ; tail brown, tbe edges of the
feaihera pals wUtuh baft
Foung i» Jirtt plumage doeelf lesemblee sdnlt female, but the
male is somewhat oarker in colour.
Aduh male in motdting plumage resembles adult female, hat is
somewhat darker in colonr.
Toung in down has the apper parts dark brown, with nearly
white spot« OD tbe wings, scapulars, and sides of tbe romp ; the
imderparts are pale brown, palest on the belly, and shading into
bnif on tbe throat ; it has a boff stripe over the eye, a dark brown
stripe through the eye, and a dark spot at the end of Hie ear-
oorerts (iSuiioAm).
Bah. Northern Hemisphere, rarely north of the Arctic Circle ;
in A&ioa, ext«nding from the Azores, Uadeira, and Canaries on tbe
Wcet to Nubia and Abyssinia {RiippeU) on the East ; in Asia, dnriog
the winter found &om Arabia, throngh Persia and North India,
to China and Japan ; in America, extending southwards to Usxlco,
the West Indiea, and Central America as far as Panama.
Europe.
Orkneys, Jane.
Rrth of Forth, Nov. (R. O.
W.B,).
d. ,;ad.Bt
b. Pull. St
o. $ ad. sk.
«. PuRsL EnglandF
/,f,A.$ad.et Great Britain.
»-o. $ ad. et <; Merbm Hall, Norfolk, Aug.,
9 joT. sk. Oct
p.^ ad.Bt. Cambridgeshire.
9, r, «. rf ad. et AviDgton, Feb., May.
Purchased.
Purchased.
Tweeddale ColL
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Lord Walangham
[P.]. ^
Porchesed.
R. Bowdler Sbarpe,
■k.
«■'. (fad. 8k.
ft", (f ad. ak.
e". $ »d. Bk.
d", <". <f sd.
ak.
/". rf dd. sk.
•d-ak.
1". <f ad. sk.
/'. S *^ ek.
«.",■". <J 2 ad.
•".f". <J 2 «i
f". (f •! ak.
r." (T ad. ik.
■".r. rf ad.ak.
iT . cJ ad- sk.
B^. e ad' it
«^. d ad. ak.
<". a ad.sk.
^■-JjuT-ak.
Huncha Lake.
Larkbaan, Sindh, Jan. {A,
o. a.).
Sultaupar, Ourgaon, Bee. { IT.
Miingloo, Kooloo.Fel).
EttLwali, Jan. {A. Andenon).
Sandee, Feb. {A. A.).
Nepal
Native Sikhim, Not. {L. Man-
Bangiii] (Faicontr).
Seebohm Call
B. H. nodgBoo, Esq.
[P.].
Hiime CoU.
China (ruobrtt).
Wuhu, YfmgtBe, China, Jan.
Shanghai, China.
Natn^aU. Japan, Dee.
Tliikudadi, Japan, March.
Fuiisan, Japan (H. Pryer).
Ttikohania, Japan (H. P.).
Western side of Bocky Mta.
St. MichaeVH. Alaska, May
(E. W. NeUoti).
Britiab Columbia {J. K. Lord).
Washoe Lake, Nevada, May
(H. W. Beruhaw).
Canada.
uid Eipediti
ParalM.
Greanland-
Lake Minnesota, Oct. [A. J.
Daijia,).
Chici^o, Illinois, March, Oct,
(A. J. D.).
Hermiiillo, State of Sonora,
Mfiico, Dec (f. Ferrari-
Fera).
Corpaa Cbristi. Teuw, Oct.
Dec. (F. Armttrotig).
[P.l.
rwaeddale (
I, Eaq.
F. W, Styan, Esq.
Safvin-^
SaTvin-Godman Coll,
F. Rinffer. Esq. [P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm CoU.
Seebohm Coll.
J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.l
Salvin^JSodman Coll
N, Amentia Bound-
Biy Comm. [PJ.
Salnn-Godman Coll.
GoTonit. of Caniula
[P.].
N, America Botind-
N. America Bound-
ary Comm. [P.].
Salvin-Qodman Coll.
SnlTin-Godman ColL
Salnn-Oodman Coll.
IM
AKAUDX.
4*, e". rf 5 td.
rf'-A^. Ste™.
r-r- skuni.
r*. S .d. rt.
(malfonned).
.«.PiilL.k.
(domeidc).
f . <; ad. It
(dark).
«*. Ad.8t.
{meUniatJc).
B-.tfadik.
Tarpon Springa, Florida, Not.,
Ifec (IF. a B. Soctt).
Vakibiibb.
No locality.
Nolo<»Uty.
Qteat Briton.
Salnn^odman ColL
ReT. W. Parish [P.],
J. H. Oonie;, Eaa.
[P.].
Puichaeed.
Lincolnshire Fene.
Lilford Avi&riea, Nov.
J. Duhwood, Esq.
[P.l. ^
The Hon. Lord Lil-
ford [P.l.
C. BerWey, Esq.
Pureh^.
0. Darwin, Eaq. [P.].
tt*. Ad. ak.
Egypt.
^. Ad. at
«', I*. Ad. ak.
(albino).
China.
Ado;, China (JL Smnhoe).
pBirauiiT DvcK.
rf". Pull.
«•. Poll.
/". Skeleton (in
nulfbnned apt
/>. SkuD.
Bonieo (AgaA AwAe).
C. Darwin, Eeq. (P.].
Borneo {Sajah Brooke).
C. Darwin, Eaq. [P.].
Bali or Lombook {Saj. Brooke).
complete) of the
Kimenr*.
0. Darwin, Eaq. [P.].
Gould Coll.
ZooLSoc.
Key. W. Parish [P.].
Anas boteas x A. superdliQ
Wl.
Adas bo»cb&s. rnr., Hartl. J./. 0. ISoi, p. 1 70 (Suidwich Isl.).
Aima supeicitioea a. saadwichensia, Bp, Otmpt. Bead, xliii. p. 619
(1866] (nom. nudum).
Aaaa BUperalioM, var. (part.), O. R. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. lal. p. 54
(1868).
Anas supcrciliom, JhU {tuc Om.), Fr. Bo»t. Sue. N. H. riL p. 805
(leOO) (Sandwich Isl.); Sdal. Ibu, 1871, p. 360: Doln, Haui.
Almnnac, 1870, p. .5.5; id. B.Hamai. Id. 2ti<led.p.65 (1879).
Anas oiDdwicliensis, '" Bp.," BuUtr, B. Neio Zeal. p. 245 (in »yn.
A. supereiliostB) (1873). _
Anas wvvUliaoa. Setat P. Z. S. 1878, p. 360 (jut., Sandwich Isl.)
ii^w, iV. l/.S. Nat. Mai. i. p. 261 (2) (1878); Solnt. Ihi,
Ihis,
■ Bui
^^1 snd VI
187S, p. 1
IdandLifii, p. 396 (ym){Rthnw. Om. Centralii. I
SaiMd. Om. Pap.e Mil. iii. p. 390 (note) (1882) ; St^n. Pr.U.S.
Nat. Mut. Jti. p. 98 (1888) j Scott WiU. Am* HaioaiUntt*, pt ir
pi. — (1883).
Besides the four specimens mentioned below, I have seen three
ctlien received for inspection from Prof. Newtoo, and many more,
over twenty, in the Hon. W, Rothschild's collection. As observed
by Dr. SleJD^r, the specimeas inspected show a number of oitra-
ordinary variations, truly perplexing, and I mast confess that I do
not quite understand this species. The most adult male bird
examined in Mr. Rothschild'it coUection has the central tail-feathere
curled up, so that this specioa appears to come near to A. boseat.
Bxamining the series as I have done, it seems to me that perhaps
not one of the specimens inspected is in full dress, and, secondly,
that many of the birds have some taint of A. I^srai, which,
aooording to Judge Dole, is luiturnlizal in all Ok IslajuU. Both
these points cannot be solved at present, but we must wait for
further information obtained in the Sandwich Islands.
Before proceedins to mention the principal features distinguishing
A. vt/rntliana, I wifih to point out that the Ggare of the tj-pe of
Ana* wyvUUana (Voy, of the 'Challenger') is not very exact in the
following paniculars: — 1st, the speculum is much too green;
Snd. the fathers of the breast have small roundish dark spots,
while in the ii/pe iliere are U-shaped black submarginal bands ;
3rd, the general colouring is not olive-brown, but much more
rvfescent.
When I was in Paris I examined in tho Moseum the presumed
type of A. Imtchat a. freyeinUi ; it is a male in moult, putting on
the green feathers of the head. This bird, which is labelled as
from " Lea tales Malouinea," was inadvertently stated by Gray
to he from tho Sandwich Islands. According to the information
given to me by M. (Joatalet it is not at all improbable that the
^>e of A. boieJiat a. frf'jntMi came from the Marianne Islands,
and if ao, it would be the same as my A. otutaltti.
Besides the centnl tail-feathers being curled up in one specimen,
snd very little ao in another, the most adult mate specimens of
the " Duck from the Saodvicti Islands " ezamlued by me ahov the
following charactera; —
1. The mmp and upper tail-coverts are black ; abo the mtder
tail-coverts are more or less black, but mixed with chestirot in
Bomo gpeciniena.
2. The abdomen has a greyish tinge and traces of dusky narniir
oroBs bars.
3. The head on the upper part is blackish, glossed with greeiir
while the sides and throat have dark streaks aa in A. obseara ; in
one specimen the throat is blackish.
4. The crop-region and breast are reddish chestnut, with black
markings mote or less of a crescent shape, especially on the sides.
5. The leathers of the mantle and interscapular region hav»
black and mfous-chestnut undulated bands, and many feathers,
especially on the side, are finely waved with grey.
6. The speculum is glossy green, with a bluish lustre in soma
specimens, and is bounded anteriorly by two bands on the last tow
of the upper wirg-coverts — one, snbapical, whitish grey, and the
other, apical, black ; posteriorly the speculum is bounded also by two
bands — a subapical one, black, and a brosd apical one, white. In
some specimens the anterior whitish band is almost obsolete.
7. The tertials are brown-grey, the outer ones have the outer
■web velvety black.
8. The upper wing-coverts are dark grey, with nanow rofeecent
edges.
9. The under wing-coverts are white, but in some specimens the
marginal ones .are dusky.
10. The siEc is'smidler than in A. botcaa- total length ahoub
18 inches, wing 9'25, culmen 1'85,
11. Colour of the soft parts: bill black above, flesh-coloured
below ; feet orange.
T7te fetnale resembles that of A. hoacai, but is smaller, darker,
and has the speculum green, the npper wing-coverts more or leas
with rufescent edges : the bill dusky, with a yellow bond near the
tip.
TTie yoiiiip bird resembles the adult female, but has dark streaks
also on the throat; the markings on the underparts are more like
longitudinal streaks.
Tounp in down are very aimilar to the same stage of A. hMeai,
but perhaps the brown colour of the upper parte is more olive.
(HothfchiU Coll)
Hab. Sandwich Islands.
1, 6, ^ moult, et
$ od.sk.
Hawu [Knudsen').
Hilo, Owhyhee.
Prof. CoUett [P.].
VoY. of H.M,8.
' Challenger.'
(Type of species.)
Voy. of H.M.S.
' CballeDger.'
27. AMMIB, W9
3.
rU09) ; id. Urn, ViS0^ p.^n «1 >4/>^^ </ /4y«M, |<. I p, IC9^
MmU pgrimg* nut fiiSr »iilt. OiesMinl plaaMi^ nrfuw^iutn ^ fMM
aaipe Ikbek vidi a. iRn^niah. hntr^ *fc^^AsiSkj ^m tK^ Mp^ ;
as In^giiar v!i2D» rizur rvuui ^du^ ^7^^ ; *Jirvit »i«r( -9^49^
ck. vtytymoLXi^ 'inMC taut iaflUc* -vxh ^^''9^ m4 r4m^
«ifB€ ^rxa raSafxni:: «^K:unm 'toil SMt^Uut pwTUi «iui i^j^^^^
wsLwti liaek: izuiusr -ratf'-^^^r* vevw^ ^«f0td -r-xii n6ui^.Mnt,
wad agwui. -rxii mSovKn]: :3i#i titncru ^tiu/^Miiutrt :tt2v^
flon 0ii isn«r -ixxrvir nx/i ^ 'lie wsfruiun. i«tut nn^ InlVr.
Jtt^^ e 1. J^'^nr. mfr ^^^ . Jt» >f5l
x- i iV 77 ir tir i- :, -^i-.i- Jji<a4 '.."^^ . »*^ "'-^s >•*
'■ ■'. ^ , i:AaiC Ij'P'i jtetmmr Vn \*-Tf.'"Ai< .•'f*^-
198
Uie " Duck from Uie Sandwich Idands " examined by me ehow the'
fbUowing characters :—
1. The rump and upper tail-ooTerta are black ; also the niider
tail-covertB are more or less black, bnt mixed wiQi cheatnnt ia
•ome BpeoimeiiB.
2. The abdomen has a greyish tinge and traces of dusky namnr
oroeabara.
3. The head on the upper part is blaokiah, glossed with greeny
while the sidse and throat have dark streaks as in ^ obieura; in
me specimen the throat is blackish.
4. The crop-region and breast are reddish chestnut, with black
markings more or lesa of a orescent abape, especially on the sides.
6. The feathers of the mantie and iatetscapular region have
black and rufons-cheetnut nndolated bands, and many feathers,
especially on the side, are finely waved with grey.
6. The speculum is glossy green, with a hlnish Ingtrs in some
specimens, and ia bounded anteriorly by two bands on the last row
of the upper wing-ooverts — one, anbapical, whitish grey, and the
other, apical, black ; posteriorly theapecolnmis bounded e^o by two
bands — a snbapical one, black, and a broad apical one, white. In
some specimens the anterior whitish band is almost obsolete.
7. The tertials are brown-grey, the outer ones haTO the outer
web velvety black.
8. The upper wing-coverta are dark grey, with narrow rufesoent
edges.
9. The nnder wing-corerts are white, bnt in some specimens the
marginal onM ,are dusky.
10. The sise is^ smdUer than in A. botoat ; total length about
18 inchee, wing 9'S5, cnlmen 1-85.
11. Coioor of the soft parts: bill blaok above, flesh-oolonred
below : '
I
3. Anas layBanenaia.
Anu laj-suiensis, SothtcA. Bull. B. O. C. do, 4, p, zvil (Laysan t.)
(1892) : id. Ibu, 1893, p. 250 ; id. Am/, of Laymn, pt. i. p. Ifl,
pi. — (1893).
MaU perbapB not fiilly adult. Qenerol plumage rofeiceiib ; head
and nape black with a greenish liutre, especially on the nape ;
edge6 of the feathers on the sides of the head streaked with reddish ;
m irr^ular whit* ring round the eyes ; throat mixed with
white; back, crop-w^on, breast, and flanks with brown and rufes-
cent V-shaped marks ; ramp blackish, with rufescent markings ;
abdomen rufescent, with brown bars ; under tail-coverts rafoua-
ehe«tnat, with brown marks; upper wing-coverts greyish brown,
edged with rafeecent ; speculum doll metallic purple aud greeu,
with a white apical band ; tertials hrown, with the outer web
Telvety black ; under wing-coverta brown, edged with rufescent,
the inner ones with the axiUaries white ; tail brown, the feathera
edged and crossed with rufescent ; the central tail-feathors mnch
darker and somewhat curled up : " iris brown ; upper mandible
blackish, green towards the edges ; feet dull orange, wobs brown "
(Palintr). Total length about 17 inches, wing S, tail3'd,culmon 1'6,
tarsus 1-4. {Mat. EoOiMcKiU.)
Female. Similar to the male, but differs in having more white on
the chin and upper throat and in the spoculiim being much duller,
scarcely indioBt«d ; upper and under taiUcoverts paler, rufescent
with dusky marks or bands. (Afug. Rolhtc/iild.)
In some specimens the white ring round the eyes extends back-
wards, in a kind of band, and many white feathers are scattered on
the sides of the head ; again, in one female many tail-feathers are
white ! (Mat. Molhtchild.}
Sab. Laysan Islands.
4. Anas melleri.
ts lanthorhyncha, liarA ^ E. Newt, {nee Fortt.) Bni, 1863, p. 174
(TamaUve).
JJHGla errthiochyncha. Sclat. (nee Gm.) P. Z. S. 1863. p. 165.
LAnas melleri, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 4S7, pi. ixxiv. (MadsgasCftr);
^ 7.fi.er.ffomM*f,iJi.p.8-2,n.l(M41(l8n); Oieb. The,.Oni.i.
>. 367 (1873) ! SartL Vog. Madog. p. 300 (1877) ;
>.19; Trittr.Cat. (M. .B, p. 49 (1680) ; ffiSnfe, -Bi», 1802,p. 270.
U DoreUi, Orand. Jiev. et Mag. de Zoot. 1867, pp. 88, 265
>i melleri).
M boKluu (P), T&r. melleri. Grand. Eev, tt Mag, de ZooL 1868,
.5.
» boschaa (F), ScAUg. * FoU. JUeh. Faun. Madag. p, 160 (1868).
W mascarina, Vtmoa, Mfm. Soc. Acd. de file dt la 'Biun. 1868,
" ; id. Bull. Soc. d'Acclim. 1868, pp. 626, 627 ; </. A. yeat. Zool.
.».pp. 108,100.
J
Adult. General colonr reddish ; the feathers brown in the middle
and margined with reddish; bead and neck with narrow dnsky
streaks, each feather margined with reddish ; feathers of the back
with some narrow irr^olar reddish bars ; specnium glossy green,
bonnded anteriorly and posteriorly by two Tolvety-black bands, the
Ulterior one at the tip of the greater ving-ooverte ; a narrow whitish
band at the tip of the secondaries ; before the anterior black band
there is also a narrow doll reddish band ; tertials Tclvety brown,
darker on the enter web ; under wisg-coverts sod axillaries whit« :
"bill black (?); irides sienna-brown ; feet fleshy colonr " (&iaf«r).
Total length aboat 21 inches, wing 10-6, tail 5, oulmen 2-3,
tarsus 1*65.
Female. Apparently similar to the male.
Young. Has a redder tinge, almost rosty, on the edges of the
feathers of the lower parte.
Bab. Madagascar.
4. Ad. St MadogBSCST. P. L. Sclater, Esq.,
[P.].. (Type^of
species.)
Ifadsgascar {Deant Coteart). Tweeddale CoU.
MadsMscar (Demu Cowan). Shelly OoU.
E. of AntananaiiTO, Mada- W. DeaJiB Cowi
gascat. £sq. [CI
<. Ad. sk. 0. Madsffsscar. Shelley Coll.
J. Ad. sk. S.E. MacUgascar. W. Deans Cowan,
Esq. [0.],
5. Auu obicnra.
DoHky Duck, Penn. Aret. Zool. ii p. 664, n. 496 (1785) ; Lath.
8yn. ui. 2, p. 646, n. 84 (1786).
,\iuiB oWiira, R.-,. S. A', i. 2, p. ral, 0.116(1786): Lath. Ind.On.
•J7. 1SA9. 201
p. 297 (1866) ; Cbuet. Pr.Ka. liut. r. p. 298 (I968I i?id.Fr. So*t.
Soe. N. H. xa. n. 721 (Soutli Corolinm winter) (1868) { Allm, MerA.
Boa. Soe. y. a. i. p. 6O2 (lowa, euaimPT) (1868) ; Tumh. Ji. E. Pa.
p. S5 (!»(») ; -^. f^. Anat. p. 97 (1860) ; Maya. Guutf, p, 147
(HusachuutU, breeding) (1^70) ; irf. Pr. Bmt. Soe. xir. 1871,
p. 3ftl (1872) ; P Cto«, Pr. Acad. Philad. 1871, p. 36 (North
C«roiin«) ; O. R. Or. Hand-liit, iii. p. 82, n. 10849 (1871) ; (?«.
Thei. Om. i. p. 359 (1872); (hia, &y, p. 285 (part.) (1872);
id. Cheek-li»t, n. 489 (187S) ; SaM. & $alv. Mmmii. Av. yt-otrop.
p. 129(1973); Cmie»,eirtUX-Wett.p.mCi{lSTi); &lat.^Salv.
P. Z. S. 1876, p. 380 ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 517 ; Jtidga. Xom.
y. Am. B. a. 602 (^fm); Owt, Chivk-lut, 3nd ei p. 113,
n. 708 (1882) ; fifAair. Orn. Cmfro/W. 1682, p. 18; a. VSq. d.
tool. (?<!r(.p.60(1882)i Sale. Cut. Jl. SmU CW/. p.634(1882)j
Si^t. Lilt Tert. An. Sch ed. p. 430 (1883) ; C<mai, Key N. Am.
B. 2nd ed. p. 691 (1884) ; B., B., ^ R. Wai^rr-B. S. Am. i. p. 499
nasi) ; A. O. U. Check-tiat, p. 116, n. 133 (1886) ; RiiUffK. Man.
X. Am. B. p. (11 (1887); Trxttr. Git. Coll. B. p. 49 (1888);
HarUrf-, Kat. Vogtlmmml p, 230(1891); Sharpe, Cat. OiteoL
Spfdm. Coll. Surg. iii. p. 300 (1891J ; Ualek, B. of Mimuv. p. 40
(1892).
Anas brtschtia, var. ubjicura, Lfis. Tr. iCOm. p. 034 (1881).
Adbii (lloschaa) obacura, A'ult. Man. ii. p. 392 (1834).
Adult nuiU. Pretmling colour browniah black or dusky, the
feath«ia edged, more or less distmetly, with pale RreyiBh fulvous ;
upper put of the bead darker than the checks and upper part of
tli« neck, which are greyiah folvous, streaked with duaky ; a dusky
stripe back from the eye ; the chin and throat more sparingly
str^ed, but not immacolate ; apeculam deep glossy violet, anr-
rounded with velvety black ; before tbe anterior black band, formed
by tike last row of coverts, there is a narrow pale band almost
obsolete ; at Ibo tip of tho secondaries a narrow white baud ; mar-
ginal nsder wing-coverts dusky with white edges, the inner ones
and axillarics white ; primaries and tail-feathers dusky black, the
lBtt«r with narrow pale edges : " bill yellowish green, the unguia
doaky : iris dark brown ; feet orange-red, the webs dusky " {Awtu-
bon). Total length about 2) inches, wing 10-50-11, tail 4, culmen
2-2-35, tarsus 1-70-1-30,
" Some examples have a slight tinge of metallic green on the
sides of the head, behind the eye" (B., B., j- if.).
Ftnialt. Simitar to the male.
Young in down, " Above olivaeeous brown, faintly relieved by
six inconspicuous markings of light brownish bnff, situated as
follows : one on tbe posterior border of each arm-wing ; one (small,
and somotimes nearly obsoleto) on each aide of the back, behind the
wing, and one, mure distinct, on eacli side of tho rump, near the
base of tho tail ; pilonm and najw (longitudinally) brown, like the
back ; rest of tho head and neck, with lower parts, light dingy
brownish buff, paler on the abdomen ; aides of the head marked
with a narrow dusky stripe running from the upper basal angle to
tbe eye, thence back towards the occiput, but scarcely confluent
with tbe brown on the latter ; an indistinct spot on the auricular
SOS AIMTIOS.
legjon, with a still less distinct diuky msrk extending bad from
tiiis to the nape" {B., B., ^ B.).
This species, in Hr. Kidgway's Key, comes in the section in which
the wings are without white bands ; bat in two of the specimens
mentioned below, one from New Brunswick and the otlier from the
Bermuda Islands, there is a disUset narrow white baud at the t^
of the secondaries.
fofi. Eastern North America, breeding from more northern
United States to Endaon's Bay and Labrador; western and sonthem
limits imperfectly detennined ; Bermndas.
a. PnU. St. No loeaUly.
(. Ad. at. N. Amnrica. Piuchs«ed,
0. Ad. at. N. America. J. J. Audubon, Esq.
[P.].
i. S ad. sk. New Brunswick, Sept. Capt. S. O. Reid [F.l
t. Ad. sk. Halifax, Noya Scotia. Capt. 8. Q. R«d [P.].
f. g ad. sk. New Hbtbd, Connecticut, April Salvin-Godman (%II.
(C. A. Merriam).
g. (f ad. sk. PeDi8ton'BFond,BermudaB,Jan. CapL S. O. Reid [P.].
k,i. Skeletons.
6. Anas folTignla.
Anas obscura, part., Avd. On. Bioffr. \y. p. 16 (IB38) ; id. B. Am.
Ti. p. 244 (1843) ; P Gome, B. Jam. p. 40S (1847) ; P Oundl {nee
ftn.)/./. 0.1867, p. 229 <Cuba); Mar<A, Pr. Ac Btiiad. 1864,
p. 73 (Jamaica); P toua, Pr. Boa. Soe. N. H. xiL p. 724 (South
Carolina, in winter) (1868) ; P Alien, BuU. Miu. Comp. Zool ii.
p. 863 (Honda) (1871) ; ?A.^ E. Newt. Sandb. Jam. p. 118
(1861) ; P Cora, Bev. Lat B. W. Ind. p. SO (1686) ; id. AtA, 1888,
p. 01 (Cuba, Jamaicn) ; ? id. B. W. hd. p. 26i> (1889).
Anas obscura, Tiir. fuJvigula, Ridgie. Am. An(. viji. p. Ill (Florida)
(1874) ; Omei, Check-litt, App. n. 489(i (1874).
AnMobBCura,6. fulTigula,CowH, J. y.-ffwi,f. 661 (1674).
The last specimen in the list below differs very conspioaouflly
from the olher tiro : the specuJum is black with a greenish gloss,
only one of the feathers shows a distinct bluish-green colour on
the enter web ; the upper part of the head ia very dark brovm ;
there is a very distinct black band from the lores through the eyes ;
the checks are entirely Covered with blackish Btreaka ; throat bnffieb,
nnspotted. I am not sure that it beloDga to the present species.
It has the appearance of being not fully adnlt; but in the collector's
not« it is iiud ihat it was sitting on 13 e^s !
Sab. Florida, and perhaps also the West Indies.
a. fj ad. sk, Florida (Seruiaw Coil.). Salvin-Oodman Coll.
6. S ad. sk. Lake Hiehpoochee, Rorida, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Hatch {F. Menge).
ft^td.Pslc. Lake Hichpoochee, Florida, Sal rin-Qodman Coll.
Mawh (KMauje).
1. Anas maooloia.
Aaas obecuK, part, Ba^, B. N. Am. p. 776 (1858) ; Brawr, Ihii,
1866, p. J2 (Teias) ; Coua, Key, p. 285 (part) (1872) ; id. Check-
h»i, n. J89 (part.) (1873) ; Snow, B. Eaiu, p. 11 (1S73) ; Rid^tB.
Ifom. N. Am. B. n. «03 (pan.) (1881) ; Goit, Cat. B. Emt. p, —
(Kmiuw) (1883) ; Covtt, Key S. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 691 (part,)
(1884).
Anas fulvigula, Oou {nee Ridgv.), Auk, 1B60, p. 113 (Kansas) ; id.
Sev. Cat. B. Kan*, p. — (1S86) ; Ridgw. Man. N. Am. B. p. 92
(pwt.) (1887) ; id. Auk. 1868, p. 108 (note) (Chihuahua).
Back Duck, ETmnet {nee avct.), Auk. 1688, p. 108 (Chihaahun).
triorida Dnck, Goi (nee nidi/ie.). Auk, 1888. p. 444.
f Ana* macnloBs. SenwU, Auk. 1889, p. 203 (Teiae); Goi*, Aak,
1800, p. 88 (Kansas).
AnaafulTirula maculosa, ^.O. U. Auk, 1890, p. 61 (Easlpm Teias,
and north to Kansae).
In my opinion A. maculma is scarcely ditTerent from A. fulviffida,
but, according to Mr. Sennett, " the most marked differences between
A. maeulota and A. fidvi/ftila are that the checks of the former
mn itTeaked with brown, while those of the latter ara plain buff,
the Bpecolum is parplc instead of green; the general effect of
tli« coloration, especially on the undersides, is mottled instead of
rtreaked ; the light colour everywhere is a pale buff or isahella
Oftlonr instead of a rich, deep buff, and the tail-markings also are
different, as indicated."
Uanyof the specimens mentioned below have the throat immacu-
late, but several have it streaked with brown.
ffah. Eaatem Texas and north to Kansas.
A. Ad. ak. San Antonio, Texas [S. E. Salvin-Oodman ColL
k-OT. d 9 >d. sk. Corpus Christi, Texas, June, Salrin-Godm&n Coll.
Oct,, Dec. [F. B. Armitrmff).
Teias {F. B. A.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Anas diaxi, J^Jffia. Auk, 1886, p. 332 (Puebla, Mexico) ; F.-Perex,
Pr. U.S. Nat. Mui. 1888, p. 171 ; S&hw. ibid. ; id. Mm. N. Am.
S. p. 32 (1887) ; trf. ^ujfc, 1889, p. 264.
Male. SIoBt like A. fulvigvia, Sidgw., bat last row of ving-
coverte with a distinct sabterminal band of white, and Hecondariee
with abroad termiaal bar of the same; general colour mach leaa
fhlvous; cheeks streaked with dusky, and lower basal angle of
npper mandible without black spot. Wing 10 inches, tail 4,cnlinfflL
2-05, tereuB 1-60. {^Ridgway.)
FemaU. Similar, bnt somewhat smallei.
Hob. Mexico.
fl. 5 ad. Bk. Puebla, May {Ferrari-Perez). Salvin-Godmaa Coll.
9. Anas abertL
P Anas obscura, Zamr. (nee Gm.) Mem. Sod. Soc. If. H. ii. p. 814
(Tepic, W. Mexico) (1874).
Anas abeiti, Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mtu. i. p. 260 (Mautlan,
Meiico) (1878) i B., B., * R. WatefBirdi N. Am. i. p. 490
(1884) ; Sidgu,. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mm. ix, p. 173 (1886) ; id. Mm.
N. Am. B. p. 02 (1887).
Adult female. " Size of Qturquedula diteort and eytau^Ura, bot in
coloration closely rpsembling A. fvlvigula. Prevailing colour ochra-
oeouB huff, but this everywhere relieved by brownish-black spots
or streaks. Head, neck, and lower parts streaked, the streaks finest
on the neck and ndes of the head, broadest on the jugolum and
crissam, which is somewhat tinged with rusty, and asstuaing the
form of oblong spote on the abdomen, thighs, and anal region ;
throat immacnlate. Back, scapulars, and rump with the blackifii
predominatiiis ; tlif^ fcatbera bordered with ochre
27.
205
"In addition t« the charactore given above, it may be mentioned
that there ib a distinct indication of a narrow, dusky, postooular
streak, nnd of a wider and less distinct loral stripe, thua separating
a light superciliary stripe from the tight colour oF the cheeks. The
lining of the wing and the axillar ore pure white, the latt-er with a
tegr^ation of dusky spots near the carpo-metacarpal joint."
Hah. Mazatlan, Sfcsico.
»
10. Anas lu2oiuca.
Anas luzonicft, Friufr, P. Z. S. 1S30, p. 113 (Luzon) ; Q. R. Gr. Lut
B. Br^. Mm. iii. p. 136 (1&44) ; id. Oen. B. iii. p. Olfi. n. 7 (1 S4S) ;
Frater, Zool. Tup. pi. 67 (1849); &4n*. Syn. Ae., Natalotea.
t 04. f. 2346 (IKO) (cr Fra»er) ; Bp. Ompt. Rend, xliii. p. 619,
n. 70 (185li) ; iMorf. /. /. O. 1868, p. 30; Schlea. Mta. P.-B.,
AnaercA, p. 43 (1866) ; But. Sun. Anal, p, 9n (1869) ; O. R' Or.
Bmtd-M, in. p. 82, n. 10626 (1871) ; HaHl. ^ Fimeh, P. Z. S.
1873, p. 108 ; Gieh. TheM. Orn. L p. 366 (1872) ; H'ald. Tr. Zaol.
Soe. ix. p. 242 (1875) ; Sharpr, Tr. tinn. Soc. (2) Zool. i. p. 354
(1876): Twtftd. On,. Worlai, p. 401 (1881); TTarttf, Born*, op.
«(. p. 660 (1881); KHaer, J. /. O. 1882, p. 178; Rcknur. Or*.
Ontralbl. 1882, p. 19; Steere, Lut B. ^ M. PhOlppinft, p. 27
(Guimaras. Marinduque, Siquijor) (1890): Grant, Ru, 1895,
p. 117,
Anas lllconicl^ Fimch^ J.f. 0. 1870, p. 368.
Adtiit. Ouneral plum.ige brownish grey, almost nnifonn, without
any dark markings in the centre of the feathers : ujiper part of the
head and upper part of the nape blackish brown ; soperciliary stripe,
mdee of the hi'ad, throat, and sides of tbu upper part of the neck
rafons ; a blackish-brown band runs across the eyce &ora the lores
to the occiput; back dark grey, changing into brown on the rump
and upper tail-coverta ; speculum glossy green, bounded anteriorly
by a velvety-black bund at the tip o( the greater wing-coverts and
by a narrower white one at the tip of the last row of the median
upper wing-coverts ; posteriorly the speculum is boandcd by a
velvety-black subapical band, and by a narrow apical white band ;
under wing-ooverts and asillarics white : undcrparte brownish
grey, deepening into brown on the under tail-coverts ; tail brown :
colours of the bill and feet not recorded, but apparently dark
olire. Total length about 30 inches, wing !)'8, tail 4'5, culmen 2,
t*nus 1-7.
Toung. 8imilar to the adults, only much paler on the head and
throat, which ore scarcely tinged i
bright, and with some purple retleuons.
Bfab. Philippines.
a. Ad.sk. MsDilla.
Ad. et Manilla.
ifouB ; the Bpecolum less
Eyton Coll. {Type of
the (pecie«.)
Cuming Coll.
Mdnillo (Maitlattd Ueriol). Tweeddale ColL
11. Anaa snpercilioaa.
Sttpercilioiu Duck, LaA. 8m. iii. 2, p. 497 (1786) ; id. Oen. Hitl. x.
p. 327 (1824).
Anu BuperdiioM, Om. 8. N. i. p. 537, n. Ill (1788) (Nova Sb»-
laodia) i Lath. lad. Om. u. p. 853, n. fit (1790) ; Bonn. Ene.
Mftk. i. p. 146 (1790); Beeiitt. Lath. Ueben. iii. p. 430 {1796),
iv. p. 612; Vieia. N. Dkt. v. p. 120 (1816) ; Dum. Diet. Se.
Sat. -vi. p. 389 (1817) ; Stepk. Qm. Zooi. iii. 2, p. 108 (1824) ;
Lot. Tr. teOm. p. 633 (1831) ; Eift. Man. Anal. p. 139 (1838) ;
Frater, P. Z. 8. 1839, p. 114; Mull. Va-h. Land- en FbttenA.
pp. 159, 178 (1839^44) (Timor, Java) ; Hartl. Yen. Oti. Mut.
p. 119 (1844) ; O. R. Gr. List B. Bnt. M«». iii. p. 13S (1844) ;
U. Oen. B. iii p. 615, n. 4 (1845) ; Omiid, B. Aattr. vii. pi. 9
(pt iz., 1645) ; Peak, Un. St. Espl. Erp. sp. 162 (1848) ; Schnb.
Syn. Av., NatatoreB, t. 85. ff. 913-914 (1845), t. 94. f. 2347 (1850) ;
Bfyth, Cat. B. Mui. A. S. B. p. 304, n. 1772 (1849) ; ScAnb. Vog.
jViruAoa.n. 311 (1861); fliir«. fTteyw.^rcA. 1862, i.pp. 122, 136;
MacgiU. Narr. Voy. RaUUm. p. 328 (1852); id. J./. O. 1854,
p. 169 ; LieAt. Nomend. Av. p. 101 (1854) ; Bp. Compt. Send.
xliU. p. 649, n. 68 (excl. TOr. a) (1866) ; Cai*. U.S. Expl. Exped^
Mamm. 4" Om. p. 339 (1858) ; Q. S. Gr. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 166
(New OaledoDis) ; Peb. Sitzb. Ak. Wien, xli. p. 331 (Noriolk I.)
(I860); iAw, I860, p.422; Verr. Sf De» Mun, Bev. el Mag. Zoot.
1860. p. 442 (New Caledooifi) ; 8cUU. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 371 (Zool.
Gard.) i O. R. Or. IbU, 1862, p. 241 ; Netot. Ibii, 1862, p. 285 ;
WaU. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 487 (Timor) ; Jouan, Mtm. Soo. CTeri. ii.
p. 242 (1863) ; Sclat. P. Z. 8. 1864, p. 9 (Huaheine) ; WoodAoute,
aid. p. Hi Selat. ibid. p. 487; Hartt. Ibis, 1864, p. 232 (flji
Id.) ; BtdUr, Eu. Om. N. Zeal, p, 18 (1866) ; FiwteA, Neu-Grdn.
p. 183 (1865) ; Ooidd, Handb. B. Amtr. ii. p. 363 (1865) ; Ramt.
Ibit, 1866, p. 336; Selat. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 418 (Zool. Gari);
&AL7. Mm. P.-£., AiuiereB,p.42(1866)i Hector, Hew Zeal. Eiy.
7(1866); i'lWeA, J./. O. 1(^7, pp. sail, 037; Hutt. Tbti,
370 ; Uartl. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 832 ; F. ^ B. Om. Central-
27. iSA8.
207
n. 213 (1879) ; Sclat. P. Z. 8. 1880, pp. 617, 636 ; LfffffH, B. Cft/l.
p. 1074 (1860) ; Fiaich, Vof. CkaU., Birdi, p- 52 (1881) ; Meyr:r,
Ta-h, x.-i. Get. Wim, 1881, p. 767 (Sumba); Seham. Om.
OaaraUil 1882. p. IS; id. Viig. loot. Gdrt. p. H) (1882);
Layard, Ibit, 1882, pp. S37, 644 ; atibte'Edwardi, Ann. Sc. Nat.,
Zoot. (vi.) iiii., A^^ 4, p. 41 (18S2) ; Satvad. Ann. Mm. Civ.
Gen. xviii. p. 401, n. 6 (1882) : id. Om. Pap. e Mol. tii. p. 394
(ISaS) ; Bin. Man. B. Nnc Zeal. p. m (1882) ; Ram». Pr. Linn.
&>e. y. S. W. vii. p. 41 {Solomon lal.) (1882) ; mat. U»t Vtrt.
An. 8th ed. p. 431 (lQ6X; Mej/er. Sitxb. u. Abh. Get. hit, 1884,
Abh. i. p. 57 (Celebes) ; Legge, Pr. R. 8oe. Tium. 188B, p. 244
(Tasmanw) (1887); , Ram*. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. Jf. (2) i.
p. 1162 (1887); Grant, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 187 (Solomon Isl.);
Hum*. Tab. Lid, p. 22. n, 668, p, 38, n. 45 (Lord Howe and
Korfolk IbI.) (1888) ; Bulkr, S. 1/ew Zeal. 2nd ed. ii. p 261
(18S8) ; Smith, JVon*. N. Z. In>i. xn. 1888, p. 221 (Lake Brunner,
N. Zealand) (1889) ; IfortA, Cat. Neit» j- Eppi, p. S41 (1889) ;
TVt'ifr. Ojt. Coll. B. p. 60 (Samoa and Uuaebine bl.) (1689) ;
VordTm. N. T. X. I. xlii. p. 419 (Sumatra, Java) (1889);
Sahad. Meia. R. Ace. Tor. (ji,) xlii. p. 64 {Agg. Om. Pap. e
Mol. p. 210) (1801) ; ? CheeKman, Tram. N. Z. Itul. xjdii. 1890,
p. 221 (Keniiadec Isl.) (1891) ; Sarttrt, Kat. Vogelaammi. p. 230
(JaTa) (1601) ; WigUra. AvaPolyn.v.7G{\1Si\); Meyer, J.f. O.
1862, p. 265; ForUi, /6i>, 1803, p. 643 (Chatham Id,); Trittr.
this. 1894, p. 31 (Santa Omt, Solomoti Isl.).
Anai leucopbrjs, Fortl. (nee VieiU.) Deter. An. {ed. Lieht.) p. 93
(1844).
hBaBm.,G. R. Gr.GiH. B.'xn. v.iSlQ.D.'il {lUS) (ex S. MiUUVerh.
^l;^).
Anas mulleri, Bp. Compt. Bend. xOu. p. 619, n, 09 (1856) (Java,.
■nmor).
Anas supercUiosa, var., G. R. Gr. Cat. B. Trap, III. p, 64 (1850).
¥ Anae supefcilioga, vta. peleneneia, Bartl. Sf Fintch, P. Z S. 1872,
p. 108.
Anas pelewenria, S. * F. MSS. ; FineeA, Joum. Mm. Godeffr. Heft
Tiii. p. 40 (1875) ■ ; a. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 738; Sc/ijneUz, Ethn.
Abth. Mus. Godeffr. 1881, p. 407 (note).
Anaa superoiliaria, "Om." (enore), Layard, Ibit, 1880, p. 233
( Loyal t}' lel.).
Hybrid.
Anaa aunerciliotisx Domestic Duck, Kingil. Trant, N. Z. hut. xxt.
1802, p. 107(1883).
Admit male. General plumago above and below brown, the
feathen narrowly edged with ochreous buff; upper part of the bead
&nd a band &om the forehead through the eye« to the occiput browu-
black ; lapercilisry stripe and a band from the haae uf the upper
jecimea IVom the Pelew Iilands. in the Hamburg
MiBaun, for the losn oF wbiob I bate to thank the director Dr. Kniepelini
and I auila tigtt« with Dr. Fineub, wlio baa rvougniied liiat the Pelew Uland
Utd. ulliough mtallor. like thuie from the Fiji, ii not diSerent from the irua
A mptrtiUoia.
mandible tlirongli the cheeks, chin, and throat pale buff immacn-
late ; a dark band formed of small hlaokiBh streaks runs from the
gape to the ear-coverta ; upper part of the aides of the neck pale
buff, minutely streaked with brown; a pole brown band along the
nape; wings brown; specnlum on the secondaries glossy green,
bordOTcd anteriorly by a black band at the tip of the greater wing-
coverts, and posteriorly by another black band with a narrow white
edge at the tip of the secondariee ; onter web of the outer tertials
black ; nnder wiug-coTcrta and anllaries white ; ramp and npper
teil-coTorts blackish brown ; teil-fcathers brown, with narrow pale
edges : hill plumbeous, with the nail black ; feet and toes yellowish
brown, the membrane dusky brown. Total length abont 24 inches,
wing 10-75, tail 4-4, ciilmen 2-25, tarsus 1-65.
Female, Similar to the male.
Specimens from Timor, Felew, Fiji, and Samoa Islands are
decidedly smaller than those from Australia and New Zealand.
Sab. From Java and Timor te Southern New Guinea, Australia,
New Zealand subregion and Polj-nesia, inclndiug the Pelew
Islands.
Dr. H. 0. Forbes [P.].
A.R.WaIIac6,Esq.[G.].
k. Ad. St.
I. Ad. sk.
m. S ad. sk.
n, o. Ad. sk.
Australia.
Australia.
Australia.
Australia {Oockereli if
Thorpe).
W. AuBtralia.
Lady Carrington [P.T.
Sir G. Grey [P.]-
H. J. Elwea, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Governor of W. Aus-
tralia [P.],
J. B. Jutes, Esq, [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
12. Anas pcecUoiliyiicha.
Ahm ptecilorhvncbn. Font, in Penn. Zaol. Ind. |i. S'l, t. :tiii. T, 1
(Ceylon) (I7dl); Lath. Ind. Or». ii. p. S50. a. 47 (17!W); Ltst.
Tr. (TOrn. p. 63.1, n, 64ll'^lt: Gray ^ Hardtr, III. Jnd. Zool.\.
jri. 67 (lHaVW) : a. R. Or. Oen. B. iu p. CIS. d, 2(1**^') i W-
Gri. JTorfjp*. Cofl, B. M. p. 145 {1846) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S.
B. p. aw, n. 1473 (ISiO): lichnb. San. ^d., Natolores, t. 94.
f. 2348 (1850) (er Gr. 4- Hardw.) : SelaaH, Prodr. Col. p. ISO
(1852) : ifiyoi-rf, ^nn. ^ Afaj,. A'^. If. riv. p. 1>«9 { 18.>t) ; * Lirht.
A'omencl. Av. p. lOt (Kafft^rlHDO !) (1854) ; Adamt, P. Z. S. 1858,
p. filO (Indus) ; G. B. Gr. liit. Ilodgt. Coll. B. M. 2nd ed. p. 77
(1863); Jerd. B. of lid. m. p. 7i>9 (1864); ScU<y. Miu. P.-B..
An*eK»,p.4S(put.](1866]i Eyt.Svn-Anat.^.QiilWXi); Selat.
P.Z.8. 187a, p. 720 (ZoqI. Qtrd.); Gxdi. TAft. Orn. L p. 3(X)
(1872) (ayn. emend.); Holdm. P. Z. S. 1672, p. 479; Hume, Sir.
FMtk. i. p. 2tH (1873); Adam,aid. p, 402; Ugge, Ibu. 1875,
p. 407 (Cavlon): Blyth, B. Bitnna, p. \'V) (AxakAn, Bhamo,
TenuHrim^ (1875) ; Ilumt ^ DavU. Str. Featk. iv. p. 489 (1878) ;
AnOtn. Ytmrt. Eriied. p, 61)9 (1879); Hume, Str. Feath. ta.
0.607(1879), viii. p. 116. n. 900 (1870) ; Hume ^ Mar A. Gamf
».i//w£.iil. p. 168, pL 22(1880); Srlat.F.Z.$. 1880. p. 618;
Lent, B. of Ceyl. p. 1073 ( 1880) ; Stlinu!. Orti. Cmtralbl. 1882,
n. 10; id.'yii,. tool. Girt. p. 51 (188S) ; Satv. Cat. B. iSlnekl.
ihU. p. 534 (1882) : Oatn, B. Brit. Barm. ii. p. S83 (183.1) ;
&W. li*t Vrrt. An. 8lh ed. p. 431 (1883) ; Salvad. Ann. Mum.
Cie. Gm. (2) iv. p. 516 (Bhamo) (1887); Trintr. Cat. CoU. B.
p. 49 (1889) ; Hume, SesU ij- Egg» (Oatti' ed.), p. 289 (1890) ;
JlarUrt, Kat. VogeUamnd. p. 230 (1801).
Spotted-billBd Duch, L<dh. Syn. iii. 2, p. 487, n. 40 (1786).
Adiu pcekilorhynclia, Om. S. y. i. 2, p. 535, n. 105 (1788) ; Bona.
£hc. Milk. i. p. 144. nl. 34. C 2 (IiOO); J)„m. Diet. Sc. Nol. vi.
p. 379 11817); O. B. Gr. Uand-lut. iii. p. 82, n. 10643 (1871);
Hume, SeaU Jj- Eggt lad. B. p. 643 (1873) ; BtdL Str. Feath. iv.
p. 29 (1874) ; Hun-e, ilnd.
At»M enthrofhyncha, VUiU. {nee Gm.) N. 0. v.p. 108 (part,) (1816),
Marecn poecilnrhynchft, Stepk. Gen. Zool. xa. 2, i>. 134 (1824) ; S«ke$,
P.Z.S. 18.12, p. 166, n. 218,
Anas pBcilorh^cha, Egt. M<m. Anat. p. 138 (1838); G. R Gr.
Lit< B. Brit. Mu*. iii. p. \m (1844); By. Compl. Bend. xUii.
p. 604, n. 67{186fi|.
TMdonmf puii:ilorhyncba, Jerd. Madr. Jom-v. x\\. p. 221, n. 387
(1840).
P'ChaiilHlnsmus strepenw, SUiUrzka frrw nurf,), J.A.S. B. sli. 1,
p. 265 (1872) (<•/. Hume. Str. Feath. tv. j.. 2t>).
AtluU mate. Upper part of the head and a broad Uand from tbe
Idkm tliruugh ibt) eyes to some distance IicUind them dark bron-u :
■apwrcilinr}' striijo, aides uf the bead, and upper part of the neck
iloll whitisb, roinutdy streaked with dark hrovn ; throal iminacu-
lata ; back and acapulani greyish brown, each Icatbi-r cdg;od wilb
pole browD ; loner back, rump, upper and under tail-covt'rls brown-
black ; breast aud abdomen fulvous white, s|iotted tlirou^hont wiih
Ttnind brown marks wi^U defined ; lower abdomen changing into
dark brown ; upper wing-coverts dark grey, with lighter edges ;
tbe lost row, or greater ones, with a subterminal white baud iiad
310 ivaiDX.
a terminal one velvety black, bordering the glossy green speculum,
which is bordered posteriorly by a subterminal velvety black band
and an apical one ftt tbe tip of the secondaries ; tertiaries brown,
but the outer ones mostly white on the outer web ; primaries brown ;
under wing-coverts and axiUaries white ; tail brown, the ccnlral
feathers velvety black with a green lustre, each feather with the
eJge of the outer web pale: "iris reddish brown; bill black, tip
chrome-yellow, the nail black ; baseof thoculmen yellow " (Ltgge):
" mandible at the forehead red"(Oa(M): " tip of the tower mnn-
dible yellow ; legs and feet orange-yellow ; claws black " {L^gge).
Total length about 24 inches, wing 11, tail 5, culmen 2-25, tarsus
1-75.
Female. Similar to the male, bat somewhat smaUer ; wing about
10 inches.
Toang. Wants the red at the base of the upple mandible (Oalf*\
and besides it is much less spotted on the underparts, where ihe
breast is unspotted white ; the dark spots on the lower neck and on
the abdomen are much smaller.
ffai. India and Ceylon ; it extends to Independent Burmah ;
rarely, if ever, iu Pegu and Tenasserim.
a. Juv. sk. India. Tweeddale Coll.
b-e. (f £ad. sk. R. Jhelum, above Jung, Hume Coll.
April, Nov. [A. O. S.).
f. 5 ad. sk. Chenab R., Dec {A. O. S.). Hume Coll.
ff. (j ad. sk. Ranepoor, Sindh, Feb. India Museum [P.].
i. Ad. sk. Birdhar, Kattiawar, Dec. Uould Coll.
1. Ad. sk. Funiaub, Feb. Hume Coll,
/c-o. (f $ ad. et Sambhur, July, Aug., Dec Hume ColL
imm. sk. {R. M. Adam),
p. $ ad. sk. Sambhur, Jan. {JL M. Tweeddale Coll.
Adam).
HlDRtD.
Anas ptrcilorhyneha X -i- 6o*i"(i«.
Ad. St. [In confinement.] T. H, Powell, Esq. [P.^.
13. Anas zonorhynclia.
AnM iJWcilotlivticlia, llrhn/i. {ifr. Funt.) .Siin. Ar., Nulalore?. t. 111.
f. 1061 (I84S) 1 Trmm. * SfkUo- FauH. Jap., Aftt, p. lafi, pi. Bd
(1860); Ji!<»bi&. Syn. ^ ».. Natatores, t. 100. f. 2763 (1850) {ex
Trmin. ^ SehUg.) : SadiU, Rcl$. S. O.-Sibir. n. p. 364 11863):
Sinink. £>. Z. S. mi, p. Ul>4 iCllina) ; uf. Ibu, 1B63, p. 4S4 (For-
mou) ! ^A^. .ViH. P.-fi., Aiueres, p. m, p. 42 (part., sp<<ciiu. 1),
4,R,JapMi)(186Ul; !> Jocz. J./ O.1870, p.312 (Uauria) ; Hvmey.
aid. p. 431 (E. Sibir. &. Amuri.) ; A. JtavH, A". AreA. Mm.. Bull,
ml Cat. n. 446 (1871) f JM/b. J.f. O. 1878, p. lOtf iK aiberia),
1674, p. 336.
Ahm Eonorhvncbs, SwinA. IMs, 180)!, p. Sa4 (Ningpo) ; id. P. Z. S.
WIO, p. 4L>7 (Caatiin), 1871, p. 417 (Uhiiw); ff. «. Gr. Hitnd-
lUt. lii. p. 82, n. I<XH4 (1871); Girb. Thai. Om. i. p. S6G (1»7-'] ;
Stcinh. Ibit, 1873, p. 367, 1874, p. 1«4 (Hakodadi) ; TaFz. Suit.
Soc.Zouf.Fr. 1877, p. 4.5 J David ^ Otul.Oie. d'W, p. 496(1877);
Blak. ^ Pryrr, IhiM, 1878, p. 213 (Jflpnn); Fijn. Soiclry'i Om.
JtfMC. m. p. 103 (S,E. Monp>lift) (1878); ScM.F.Z.S. 1880,
p. 618 ; ScAmc. Om. Cmfralbt. IbSL', p. 1« ; Blak. ^ Fryer, Tr.
A*. Soe. Jap. x. p. 96 (Kuriles) (188:>)i J<my, Fr. U.S. Nal. Mut.
*i. p. 318 (1883); SHyon, P. if. S. 1887, p. 2 (egg) ; Toa.P.ZS.
1888, p. 458 (Corea) : Scrih. Birdt Japan. Etitp. p, 243 (1800)
m, Ibii, \m\. pp. 328, 49<t ; Seebi. Ibii. XifU'I, p. 96 (Tsu
lie la ToHclte, Ond. p. 491 (Cliinn).
la);
Aduil viaU. Eesemliles the male of A. panlorhijnxha. Upper
port of Uio head and a hroad stripe from the lores through the e}es
b) BOme distance behind them dark broirn ; superoiUary stripe, sides
of the head, and throat whitish ; from the gape towarda the eyes a
•lightly indicnted dusky band, formed by dasky streaks ; upper
ports brown, the back and suspulare paler, with the edges of the
Icalhera pale greyish ; nimp und upper tail'featbers uniform dark
brown ; lower part of the fore neck and upper breast dull whilieh
baff, with the centres of the fculhera dosky ; lower breast and
ftbdumeD almost uniform brown, deepening into black-brown on
th« n&der tail-coTerta ; wings brown ; spocidam glossy blue, moro
nr \e» with a green lustre, bordered anteriorly aud posteriorly by
two Tclrely black bands ; the tip of the secondaries narrowly edged
with white ; tiirtiala brown, with only the apical part of the outer
veb white ; tail brown, the edges of the feathers whitish : bill
black, with the apical portiuu, except the tip of the nail, yellow,
DO red apols at the base ; feet light bright red, the web slightly
- ■'~'- I uidea yellowish brown (HoUt). Total length about 23
wing 11-6, tiul 4-d, culmen 2-2, tnrsua 1'75,
. Smaller and paler, the feathers of tlie breast for a greutor
a than in the male hsTing broader whitish edges.
Knuu;. Paler even tbao the lemale, with aniiUler dusky spots on
tLv UDderpart« ; the edges of the upper wing-coverts pale ; a broad
subapical white band acrou the greater wtDg-corerts, and the ooter
web of the tertials for the greater part white.
Hoi. China, Uougolia, and Eastern Siberia ; Japan and Kurilee.
a. Ad. Bk.
b,c,d. Ad.Bk.
ak.
A. d ad. ek.
I. Ad. Bk.
;t-. Ad. sk.
i.Z»i. Bk.
m. Ad. sk.
0. Ad. St
No locality.
China [Tnckftt).
ShaiurhM, China, March,
Not. [R. Swinhoe).
Shan pb at, China, Not.
Kiukiang, Cbina, Feb.
Canton, China.
Naf^asaki, Japan, Dec.
Yokohama, Japan (ff. Pryer).
Kechi village, Teu-sbima,
Feb. {P. A. HoUt).
Ilakodadi, Japan.
Hakocladi, Japan.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Seebohm CoU. (Typea
of the specie*.)
R. Swinhoe, £sq. [C.].
F. W. Stvan, Esq. [P.].
Tweeddale ColL
F. Ringer, Esq. [P.].
Seebohm CoU,
Seebohm Coll.
H. Whitelv, F^. [CI.
II. Wbitelj, Esq. [C.].
14. Ana* andnlata.
Anag flaviroBtris, 8miA {nee VUiU,), Cat. S. Afr. Mu$. p. S
in Lefebvre, Voy. Abyse. p. 171 (1845-50) ; Bp. Compt. Send, iliii.
p. 640, n. 65 (igflU) ; Heugl. SyH. Ueber,. n. 697 (1866) ; id. J.f. O.
1862, pp. 293, 306, 1863, p. 4 ; Pek. Heite N<rvara, Vogel, p. 138
{Cape)(18(16);Xoyanf,.B,S.vV^, p. 852(1867); Gum. iftw, 1868.
p. 48 (Natal) ; Hengl. Bate nach Abeit. 1861-69, pp. 286, 317
(1868) ; Chapm. Trao. S. Afr., App.p. 422 (1868); Bocage,Jom.
Ac.Sc. IM. 1888, p. 50; Hmgt. PeUrm. Geogr. Mitth. 1869,
p. 417 ; Eyt. Syn. Artat. p. 98 (1809) ; Bianf. Geol. ^ Zoal.
Abyu. p. 437 (1870); Fiiuch, Tr. Zool. Soc. Tii. p. 329 (1870) ;
Boca^c, Jurn. Ac. .Sc. LUI.. 1(<7U, p. *51 ; Bii-kl. IbU. 1874.
p. ;i90 (K_ala\);/'Uc/ier,7^UicAr. get.Orn. 1SS4, p^ 3M (MjBailaad).
27. AB«. 213
fSitil. Ibu, 1894, p. 476 (I'lJnmbi Itiver) ; Jkhnw. fiig. DeultcA-
Ost-4fr. ^. liii (l^m).
Aoaa cajwnsis, ZiicAt. [nee Ont.) Vcn. Sdufftth. u. Viig. p, 20, n, 251,
3o3(Kallerl) (lg41>); i^.r'tt Jnrtt.ZfMcr.^n. p, 4a(D0le) (1S44):
?£i A'onumf/. ^n. p. JOI (1854),
Anaerneppelli, A/yfA, J. ^. A. A. xiv. p. 36S(lSfie); trj. iMr, 1^7,
[LlTO( = HaviroBlrui,«mi/A); Jfrd. B. i^f Ind. iii. p. SOO (IBIM) ;
Gifb. The*. Om. i. p. :«ll (1871*).
(JaerqueduU laulhoriiTncha, A'Aarpe, Ibit, 1892, p. 641 (Hfiehnko).
Adult mnlf. Dork brown above vith narrow pale eilgcs, bvlow
the edges of the feuthera are broader and whiter ; head rntber dark,
the light edges being very narrow ; also the upper wing-ooverls
with narrow light edges ; wing-s[w.'culum very broad, oi' a metallic
green with a bluish gloss, bounded ant«riorly and posteriorly by
two bands, one velvety black and the other white ; outer tvrtials
velvety black on the outer web; under wing-coverW whitish;
axillariea white; tail-feathers dark brown, with narrow pale edges:
" irides cbestDut ; bill yellow, with a long loDgitudiual patch on
the culmen, and the aail black; feet black " (jlnftnori), " tinged
with yellow" (Aifres). Total length about 20 inches, wing 10'75,
tail 4'd, culmen 'J, tarsus 1'55.
Ftmal^. Similar to the male.
Hab. South Africa, Eastern Africa as far noilli as Abyssinia, and
WMt«m Africa aa fur north as Angola.
Cape of Good Hope.
ft, e. Ad. tk. Port Natal {T. Avrf).
4. Ad. nil. Movi it., Notai; .May
«. Ad.ak. TrsnavaaL
/. Ad. aU Transvaal Republic.
f,Ad£ad.ik. PotchefstToom, Aug. (7*.
li, *. Ad, sk. PotchefBtroom,
i: $ ad. sk, Near Pretoria, June {_F.
Oateif.
m,n.<ii»i.
Pnlombi it., NvaMa-land,
Aujr. (A. H'Ayto).
Shoa I ham's).
Angollalab, May (Hiirrii).
.\gula, Aby^iua, May.
Hrasu).
Anat nndvlata:
Sir A. Smith. (Type of
A nntjlavifmlrit. Smith.)
Shelley Coll.
Shelley CoU.
H. J. Elwe«, Esq. [P.].
A. Foresman, E^.Yp.'i
J. n, UufDey, h8q.[P.j.
F. A. Barratt, E»q. fP.l
W. E. & C. G. Gates,
Esqrs. [P.].
H. H, Johiwlon, Esq., C.R
rp.]. ^
India Museum [P-l-
India Museum [P.J.
W.T. Blnnford, Esq. [C.].
ZooLSoc.
ohteui-a.
Zoul. Sue.
lo. Anas aparsft.
ith. Cat. .S. Afr. Mm. p. 36,
Anal. p. 142 (S. Aft.) {'.
S~. Afr., iirJ>, pi. 07 (pt. ai/lttiij
p. 010, D. S (l&M); JicM. S^
324 (IM7) (dewr.
i) i Smifh, m. 2w.(.
_. _f. Or. Oen. S. iii.
t 110. ff. 911 (ex SmifAf,
979 (1845); Ourn. IbU, 1659, p. 2Q1 (Niital); Heusl. J. f. O.
1862, p. 306; Kirk, Ihi*, 1864, p. 336 (Zambesi) ; Layard, B. «.
^fr.p. 852(1867;; Chapm. Trdr-tna ^/'r.ii.App. p. 422(1863);
Hm^.BeiteruKhAheu. 1861-62, pp. 29(t, 308 (1868) ; id.Pittrm.
Gatgr. Mitth. 1869, p. 417; Evl. Si/n. Anal. p. 99 (1869) ; Fintek
«■ Harll. Vdg. Oit-A/r. p. 809 (18/0) ; O. A Or. Hanilnlitl. iii.
p, 82, n. 10642 {\%~l); Anderit. B. Damara Land,^. 341 (1872);
Heiiql. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii, 2, p, 1317 (1873); Ayrei, IhU, 1874,
p. 105 (Transvaal), 1876, p. 433, 1p80, p. 273 (Tranavafti) ; Sdat.
P. Z. S. 1880, p. 516; Bchnie. Orn. Ontralhl. 18s2, p. 19; BttIL,
Ffild., * Reid, Zoohff. 1882, p. 427 (Nutalj (1882) ; Holub, Britr.
Orn. Siidafr. p. 330 (1882); Sharpe, Lai/ard'a B. S. Afr. p. 756
(1884) ; Sal^^d. Ann. Mv*. Cie. Gfit. (2) i. p. 244 (Sh<^) (1884),
vi. p. 321 (Shoft) (1888) ; Trutr. Cnt. OAl B. p. 49 (1889) ;
Hartert, Kat. Vogt^mmmL p. 230 (1891); Sh^ Ibu, 1894, p. 28
(Zomba) i Echnm. Vog. DeutKh-Oit-A/r. p. 26 (1894).
Anas tlBTiroatris, O. E. Or. (tuk Smith), Litt B. Bril. Mm. iii.
p. 137, speed (1844).
Anas leucostigma, S^. &f»t. Uthen. pp. 130, 138, Tnf. 48
(3. Abysiinia) (1845); Dn Mart in if/More, Voy. Abyns.. Oit.
p. 171 (1845); Blyth, J. A. 8. B. xiiv. p. 265 (1855j ; Hri^l.
Syst. Uebers. u. 095 (1856): BIylh, lbi», 1807, p. 176; Cab. in
V. d. Decken, Reism, iii. p. 51 (1869).
Ansa guttata, Lickt. Nomrnd. Ac. Mtu. BeroL p. 101 (CKQrsnn)
( 1664) ; Bp. Compt. Bend, iliii. p. 649, n. 66 (1856) ; Jerd. B. of
Ind. iii. p. 600 (1864) ; S.-Wr?. Mas. F.-B., Anaeres, p. 49 (1866) ;
Gieb. Tht». Orn. i. p, 353 (1872).
Adult male. Geoeral plamaf^e dark sepia-browD, the head and
upper neck lighter, having the feathers edged with whitiah ; the
feathers of the anderparts with narrow pale edges; scapulars and
tertials with one, two, or three whitish-buff bars, interrnptdd by
the shaft ; wing-Bpecnlum metallic green with a blue gloss, bounded
> banils ou the last row of the wiiis-werta.
i. rf »d.et (id. Potd.e&lroom, March, April
'. Ad. et juT. Zombn, Nvasaa-land, Oct. [d.
J. H. Gumej, Esq.
Sir II. H. JDlmston,
C.B. [K].
1 (3. Anaa specnluiB.
Anu •peculnrie, Ein^, Zooi. Joum. iv. p. 98 (Straits of Mai^llnn)
(182M)! Eut.MoH. Anat. p. 138 (I^); Jard. & .Sflb. III. Ont.
iv.pl. 40 {1840); Harll.ren.Ge>.Mut.p. 119(1»44); (i. H. ffc.
Zi't S. Bnt. Mu». iii. p. 13(1 (18+4); id. Gen. B. iii. p. 61fi, a. 3
(1846); Of Man, in Gajr'i fut. t/^ Chile, i. p. 4S0 |1?4>^] ;
Schai. AfH. .^v., NataloFM, L 94. (. 2349 («z J. ^ &) (18A0J ;
Jtartl. Xaumafuiia, 1853, pp. 917, 223 (Chili); Cou. r^,& ^fnn.
Erpfd., Zeot. p. 202 (^1606) j POt. Beite Jforara, Va/. p. 138
(Chili) (1865); Sel>,I.P.Z.S. 1807, p. 335 (ChiU); Phil. ^ Lam/b.
Cat. Av. Chii. p. 42 (18G8); Si/t. S^. Anat. p. 95 (era. emend.)
08B8) : iMal. * So/it. P. Z 5: 1876, p. 380 ; Sc/at. P. Z. S. 1880,
p. 619, 1681, p. 734 (Zool. Gard.) ; JU^hiw. Om. Cattralbl. 1882,
p. 13; id. rUff. tool. Gart. p. 61; Sclat. LiH Vert. An. Stb e<i,
0.482(1883); BHrm.An.Mus.Nac.Bum.AirA'a.^'l'^^im*.);
Triilr. (W. OJI. D. p. 49 (1888J ; Uarlert, Kat. Vuffelmmnil.
p. 230 (1891); Ber&Jm Jamet, SeiB Lia Chit. B. p. », n. l-W
(1892).
Asm chalcnpters, £Crr/. Mim. prM. Arad. St. Ptfenb. ii. p, 471,
pi. 6 (]83o) i fl-mwr, P. Z. S. 184.?, p. 119 (Colchapis) ; JUhHh.
&n. .rfr., NHtatore«, t. 100. (T. 2700-67 11860); ImM. &'umenel.
Av. p. 101 (18«) ; Bp. Cotnpt. Jtfitd. xliii. p. 049, n. 74 (18S(i) ;
SrA/*y. ,Hiui. P.-A, Anseres, p. 4(1 (Bolivia) (188(i) ; G. ^. Or.
JI«nd-lia. iii, p. 82, n. 10(i50 (1871); Uieb. The». O™. i. p. 3J7
(1872) ; Sclai. Jj- Sa'''- Atmfnc/. Ar. h'totn-p. p, 129 (1873).
AduU matf. Head and neck brown, but a large spot on the siJei
of the face, chin, and middle of the throat whil«, spreading on ilie
■ides of the nevk ; back glossy brown-black, with the edges of tla-
fratbcro pall' brown; lower back uniform glossy brown-black,
ebanging into olive-brown on the nppi^r tail-covert*: onderpartH
pole nifi-scent, more or less with obsolete brown bars or transversi?
RpOtB ; udes and flanks with brown-blaok spots : wings blaok with
ft green lustre ; speculum on the secondaries eopperj- red, bonndid
po«teriorly by a subtenninal velvety black band and by a while
mpical bnnd ; under wing-covcrtfi gloasy black, the greater ones dark
gney ; asillnries white ; tail above brown-black, with a green lust re,
below greyish brown: "bill black; legs red" (A'iny); " leps
ywUow ■ (Stlater ^ Salvin). Total length about 21 inches, wing
10-'>, tail 4-8. ciilmen X», tarsus l'6.j.
Ffrnalt. Similar to the male, but duller.
YoMny in dovrn. Upper part* brown ; underparta, sides of the
b«ui. ft bond on the |>0Btcriur edge of the wing, joining another on
tlie *idc« of the back, and a spot on each side of the rump whitish ;
a brown band from the eje to tlie occiput, and a second one across
Ifar cbeoks (.Vfuf. Turin).
Hah. Central and Southern Chili, (Bolivia?), and Magellan
Strait*.
rt. 5 nd. 8k. Cbilj (E. C. Reed). Salvin-GodmwiToU.
b, e, d. Ad. sk. C. Chili. H. Berkeley Jsmea,
E*q. fP.].
e,/. g ad. sk. Eio Pilmacquen, Feb. H. Berkeley Junes,
Esq. [P.}
g, h. Ad. Bt. Straits of Magellui. The Admiraltj [F.l.
1. Juv. at. Straits of MBgellao. Sir W. Buraett &
Capt-FitiroyrP.l.
k. Ad. sk. Straits of Magelkn ( Weit- SolviD-Oodmaa Coli.
haupt).
17. Anas eristata.
Crested Duck, Lath. Syn. iii. 2, p. 643, n. 81 (Staaten Land) (IT&S).
Alias eristata, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 540, n. 114 (17d8j Itx LutAam) ;
Lath. Jnd. Om. ii. p. 870, n. 93 (1790) ; Biain. Ene. Mith. i.
p. 143 (1790) ; Vieill. N. B. t. p. 120 (1816) ; Bum. Btct. Sc.
Xal. vi. p. SJ3 (1817) ; G. S. Gr. List B. Brit. Mut. iii. p. 13ti
(1844); U. Gen. B. iii. p. 616, n. 6 (184fi); Dm Muri m Gay
ma. de Chile, i. p. 449 (1848) ; Gould, P. Z. S. 186B, p. 06 (ejfff,
Falklands) : Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 389 (Falklands) ; Abbott, Ibit,
1861, p. ICO (Falklands) ; Peh. Keiie Xovara, log. p. 136 (Chili)
(1865) i Schleg. Mut. P.-B., AnBeres, p. 39 (Bolivia, B'Orbigny)
(18G6); ScUt. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 336 (Chili); Sdat. ^ Salv.
I. c. p. 890 (Salinas, Peru), 1868, p. 570 ; Phil. ^ Lmdb. Cai.
Av. Chil. p. 41 (1868) ; Sclat. * &/r. Ibit, 1870, p. 499
(Tuei«iay Bay) ; O. B. Gr. Jia«d-liil, iii. p. 82, n. 10651 (1871) ;
Gieb. Thai. Om. i. p. 349 (1872); Sclat. ^ Sale. Nomtncl. Av.
Xeolrop. p. 129 (18;3) ; Pdz. Ibis, 1873, p. 40; Tacx. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 554 (Junin, Oentr. Peru) ; Sclat. ^ Sah. P. Z. S. 1876,
S381 i Selat. P. Z. S. 1880. p. 619 ; Sharjx, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 13 ;
cAnio, Om. Centratbl. 1882, p. 19; Tacx. Om. Pir. iii. p. 473
(1886); Selat. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 401 (Tarapaea), 1887, p. 396
(Zool. Qard.) ; mitippi, Omis, 1868, p. 160 (Pastes largos) ;
J!„rm. An. My$^ AVr. Bum. Air. iii. p. :.>ji; (l^fW) ; TrUlr. Cut.
and extcads to tbe eyes ; nape wilh u loog pendent crest ; chin and
thruat vhitisli imnumulale; bikck and scapulara brown, the featliers
it the back with pale etlges, the scuputare darker towurds the tip;
lower back, riunp, and upper tuil-coverls uuiform Dlive-brown ;
br^a«t and abdomen pale rufeseent, the frathers of the breast with
u brown spot in the ceutre ; the abdomen with obsolete darker bars ;
longer andcr tail-oovcrts black : wings oliro brown-grey, speculam
on the secondaries eop|>orj- red with a green gloss, and bounded
posteriorly by a velvety black band, broader on the inner feiithers,
and by a second white baud at the tip of the secondaries ; primaries
oliTo-hrown; under wing-coverts olive brown-grey, the greater
ones grey ; asillaries white ; tail browu-black, with a purple gloss :
"iris blood-red" or oisiago (Btrideu James) ; "legs dark grey, upper
mandible horn colour, lower one flesh-colour" {Copftin^er). Total
length about 24 inches, wing 11-5, tail 6, culmca 1-Sa, torstis 1'75.
FteTualt. Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller, and the
crest shorter.
This species is not a very typical member of the gcnas Anas,
Ilab. tiouthem America, from S. Peru (and Bolivia ?) to Magellan
t^ raits, and also the Falkland s.
o. Ad. A.
b. (J ad. St.
S. America.
Salinas, Peru, 14,000 ft., July.
EvtonColL
If. Whit«ly, Ejq.
TiwJdale ColL
Salvin-Godmnn Coll.
Sslv-in-Oodman Coll.
H. Berkeley James,
U. Berkeiey James,
H. Berkeley Jarne*,
!1. Berkeiey James,
II. '^rkelej James,
H.T' E*M, Esq.
[P.>
The .\dmirBlty [P.].
Hr.Coppi»ger'[k].
f. 2 ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
r cT <kL >k.
/. Ad. »k.
SaUnas, Peru, 14,000 a., July
(H. WhiUhi).
Tiata, Peru, June (H. W.).
Prov. Santiago, Chili i Leu-
hold).
Prov. of TaraiiaciL
,. k.e Sad. ak.
Lake iluauo, Tarapacd, Jan.
.-* rf 2 ad. ek.
Sacaya, Jan,, Feb.
7.^ (J S ad. sk.
Sit ana, Jan.
t. Ad- ak.
..tfad.sk.
Central Cbili.
Strails of .Magellan.
*. Ad. rt.
V. $Bd.^
Straits of MagelUo.
CiKkle Cove, titmit* of Magel-
lan, Feb.
Port Uusnrio, March.
North Ifav, Hermit la., Sept.
in- M^d.).
Xorlb Hurbour, Hermit Is.
Falkland K
Falkland Is.
Falklsn<) is.
Falkland Is. (Lecontt).
Falkland Is.
BerkeU-y Souud, F. Falklands,
J-. $ »A. sk.
f.d'd-A.
Dr. Coppinger [P.].
McCimick Bequ»>t.
i^9ad.ak.
tf. Ad. n.
«-. Ad. .k.
c. 2 ad. «k.
•e. Ad. ak.
X, /. Ad. sk.
/. rf «». .k.
Antarctic Eip. [CJ.
The Admiralty [I'.j.
Eyton CoU.
Antarctic Eip. [C.l.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Antarctic Eap. {C.\
28. EUHETIA. ^p^
KuuatU, Sp. Compt. Bend, xlkii. p. 660, gen. 35 (1853) . . E. falcaU.
Bangt. Eastern PalEearctio Region.
1. Ermetta hlc&ta.
Aoas Wcata, Georgi, Reise Ituti. Reickt, i. p. 167 ( 1776) ; Pali. Zoogr.
Roaio-AM.u.-p. 269, tab. Ixx. (1811); Brandt, Deter, et Icon. An.
Bom. fasc i. p. 21, t. 3 (ISSB) ; Hard. Verz. Get. Mm. p. 119
(1844); Midd. Sibir. BeU. u. p. 2.11, Taf. xii. f. 2 (vounp rf)
(1653) J Bp. Cumpt. Bend, iliii. p. 1025 (1856) ; Kittl. "Denkw. ii,
p. 307 (1858) ; Bla*. u. Batd. Nawamm't Viig. DeutacU. liii. 2,
p. 300, Taf. 389. f. 1 (cJJ (1860); Sdikg. Mm. P.-j5., Aneeree,
p. 72 (1866); Dyb. u. Parr. J. f. O. 1868, p. 338 (Dauria);
iVsew. Toy. n. 201 (1867-69) ; id. Pute»ch. Uuur. n. 201 (1870} ;
Homey. J. f. 0. 1870, p. 432 ; Gitb. Then. Om. i. p. S-tO (1872) ;
BlaJciit. Ibii, 1876, p. 336 (Kunitschatka) ; McLead, Str. Feath. x.
p. 168 (Bhawulpore) (1881) ; Tacx. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 458 (Coren) ;
SeeiA. B. Jap. Bmp. p. 246 (1890) ; Brandt, J./. 0. 181)1, p. 268.
Anaa falcaria, Pall. BeUe Bum. Bach*, iii. p. 701, d. 34 (1776) ;
Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 621, n. 86, with var. /S (1788) ; Lath. Ind.
Om. ii. p. 860, n. 70 (1790) j Bonn. Enc. Mith. \. p. 147, pL 36.
f. 6 (17t)0) ; VUill. N. D. v. p. 106 (ISld) : -Dum. Diet. Sc.
Nat. Ti. p. 397 (1817) ; SUph. Gen. Zool. lii. 2, p. 100 (1824) ;
Tenun. 5" SchUg. Faun. Jap., Avei, p. 127 (Japiin) (1850);
JfaSengr. Naumannia, iSiii, n. 273 (Skandinavia) ; Swinh. Ibis,
1862, p. 254; id. P. Z. S. 1803, p. 324; David, N. Arch, du Mut.,
BuU. vii. Cat. n. 450 (1871).
Swcelle de Jafa, D'Aubent. K Eal. n. 930 ( J ) ; Buff. Hitt. Sat.
OM.ii. p. 276(1/83).
Anw JRvana, Bodd Tabl. PI. Enl. 5S, n. 930 (1783) (ex PI. Enl.).
Falcated Duck, Penn. Arct. Zool. i. p. 674, t. 23 (1786) ; Lath. Sgn.
p. 45 n877) 1
r.^. Sibir. p. 69 (1877) ; id. BhU. Soe. Zool. Fr. u.
JUakul. 4- iVjirr, Ibu, 1878, p. 2U (JapHii) ; Andi^ri.
ii. £(rd., p. 701 (IS'l^) ; //wn<, Str. FfuUt. *ii. p. 404 (CrieiiHa
niMket) (1S79I, viii. p. 116, d. 966 bU, n. 411 (India) |1ST9);
&taf. P.Z.& 1880, p. mi ; Akru 4- Marth. Game B. of Ind. iii.
p. 831, p!. 30 (1880); Blahiit. ^ Pryr. Tr. Ax. Soc. Jap. yni.
p. 105 (1880). X, p. 98 (1882) ; Bolau, J.f. O. 1882, p. 340 ; Tan.
BuU. Sue. loot. Fr. riii. p. 3J3 (Kwolschslka) (1883) : Selat. Lilt
I'rrt. An. Slh ed. p. 434 (1863); BlakiU. Amend. Litt B. Jap.
p. 8 (1RS4) ; Madar. ZrittcAr. gt>. Om. l p, 38 (Hungrtrv)
(1881); TrMr. Cat. CoW. S. p. 49 (188U); SAaire. Tr. Linn. S.'.:
12) HaoL V. p. 91 (1889)i irf. Cat. Oirieol. Specim. Coll. S«rg.
iii. p. 3(11 (1891).
iJnerqueduU jatanii, G. B. Gr. Cm. B. iii. p. Olfl. n. fi (1845).
(juerqiiedula dn>pitno)iti!ros, Bp. J?cc, iYit. p. 103 (18o0).
Ijaerqiiiidula javaueusjs, Bp. CW^f. .Kntrf. iliii. p, 650, d. 96(185C>) ,-
IjaerqiiiKlula javaueusjs, Jfp. Lom^
EgL Syn. Anal. p. 74 ( 18GB).
Eutietta fiilcata, Bp. timpt. B
Swinh. P. Z. S."lfi7I, p. 410; G. M. Or. Hand-Hit. i
n. 10671 imii) ; Sundev. Mefh. Tiat. Ar. di»p. Tctw. 0.147(1872) ;
SKwA.iiM.1873.p.30«, 1874, p. 164 (Haliodadi): fieuj/. /./. O.
IB74, p. 462; Daiid ^ Outt. Ou. Chine, p. 504 (1877); PrjeT. in
Xowl. Om. itiie. Ui. p. 104 (Monjtolia) (1878j ; Srehh. Ibi>, 1884,
n.3!70(C.CIttDH); «■/(,"■ fl'irfuiwr. 1884, p. 0; «.i:»tf. U.S. Aat.
itfu. n. 20, p. 156(Dt>riugl.)(t88-))i id. Pr. U.S. Kat. Mm*. %.
n. 136 (Bering I.) (1887); Giffl. Ir Salead. P. Z. S. 1887, p. iiOl ;
SatiMd. 4- Gigl. Mem. B. Ae. 5c. Tor. 13) xxxix. p. 118 (1888) ;
Stpan, Ibi$. 1891. pp. 3^8, 497 ; Schal. J.f. O. 1891, p, 208 ; 2^ b
Tvae/ie, ibie. 1892, p. 492.
Uuer* falciua, Oiui.E.i-p. Am. Siptodr. China Seat and Jap. i\. p. 331
(ISM): id. J.f. O. ItS.W.p. 448.
QuerqiiiKlula multicolor, Swmh, (i
Aoas iQuFrquednla) falcnl
Saddf, BMt. S. O.-Sibir.
cSeap.) Ihii. 1880, p.67 (Amoyl.
Aoas iQuFnjuednla) falcniA, Jii^n-nA, )'i>if./4i».-£<i>f(f,p.476 (IKiO) ;
*■ " " ■ " '■ ""■" "i. 'p. SfHHimS) ; BehHw. OrH. CaitraiLL
.Gdrt. p. H (1882).
i.p.71 (1883).
Adult mah. Crown deep chestnnt ; sideB of the head bronie-
puqile, greener posteriorly ; a long green mane on the back of the
nape; throat aod appor part of the neck white, intergccli'd below
by & green eollar ; mantle and upi>er scapulars with narrow
— CMtic bands grey and blackish : rump blackish ; ba«al upper
HB mn-TTtr grey, vermtculated with black, the longer ones lilack
'tflE Wtirely hitUng the tail ; upper breast waved with alternate
MWOentio ban of black and white, producing a regular scaly
amwftrance ; lower breaat wbilisb, each feather with black bars,
one of which is aubtemiinal ; sides, Saoks, and abdomen waved
with tiarrow black and greyish bands ; under tail-coveris black,
very long, and reaching beyond the tail ; on each side of the
under tail-coverts a very distinct buff patch, the buses of the
ti»thcr« being black, showing a beautiful black bur, which separalea
the buflV patch from another silky white band formed by the tip of
loWMt Oank-feathen ; scapulars grey, narrowly waved with black.
and more or less distinctly whitish on the edges ; a black patch on
the outer scapulars ; wing-coverta grey, the last row whitish ;
220 ASiTIBa.
ving-Bpeculum on the secondarieB dark glosay green, bonndcd below
by a. narrow whitUh band at the tip of the secondaries; tertiats
very long and narrow, sickle-ehaped, with the shulU whitiuh, the
woba velvety glowy black, the edges and part of the inner webs
grey ; quilla dark grey, almost blackish towards the tip ; under
wing-coverts white, bat the greater ones grey ; aiillaries white ;
tail-feathers grey, with narrow white edges : bill greenish black ;
feet dull blue-grey, darker on the web ; iris brown. Total length
m inches, wing 10, tail 3, culmen 1-8, tarsus l-^id.
Adult femaU, Head striped with blackish, each feather mai^ncd
with fulvous ; sides of the face and neck lighter, dottJid with small
black points and stripes ; feathers of the back black, varied with
rufous V-shaped marks and edges ; rump blackish ; upper breast
and sides rufous, with black crescentic bars ; lower breaat and
abdomen white, with block crescentic bars or spots, but almost
uniform in the middle ; under tail-coverts reddish, with blackish
marks ; upper wing-coverts dusky grey, the greater row whitish at
the tip ; wing-Hpeculum black, faintly glossed with green ; primaries
greyish brown ; nnderwing-covertaandaxillariea wbit«; tail-feathers
browu'grey, with reddish edges : bill, feet, and irides aa in the mate.
The female roaemblea that of CkauUlannu* strepenu, but differs in
having the risible portion of all the lat«r sccondariee black, with a
metallic green reflection, narrowly tipped with white, and the terminal
portion of their greater coverts, or last row of the wing-coverts,
whitish, while in the female Gadwall the entire viisible portions of
the later secondaries are pure white, and the terminal portion of
their greater coverts black. Besides, the tail-feathers of E.faleala 2
are almost uniform brown-grey, except the reddish edges, while in
the female Gadwall the outer tail-feathers are whitish, with
regular brown marks. Finally, the upper mandible of the fen
29. CHIULEULSMUS.
221
V. c{ imm. sk. Shanghai, Feb.
to, Xyy. (^ 2 ^ B^* Kiukiang, China, Feb.
«. cJ jav. sk.
a*. $ a<L sk.
b'. (^ ad. sk.
c'-/*. $ ad. 8k.
^', *\ ^^ d ? ad.
et juv. sk.
Peking, China, Oct. {E, S.).
S. Manchuria.
Awomeri, Japan, April
(Blakiston).
Nagasaki, Japan, Jan.,
March.
Yokohama, Japan {H,
Pryer),
29. CHAULELASMUS.
F. W. Styan, Esq.
F. W. Styan, Esq.
[P.l.
Seebonm Coll.
H. M. James, Esq.
[P.l.
Seebohm Coll.
F. Ringer, Esq. [P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Type.
Chauliodus, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Amer.y Birds^ p. 440
(1831); id.Journ, Hay. Inst. ii. p. 19 (1831) {nee
Block, 1801).
Chauliodes, Eyt. Mon.A nat. p. 43 (IS^^S) {nee Lair. 1798) C. streperus.
Chaulelasmus, G. B. Or., fide Bp. Comp. List B. Eur.
iSc N. Amer. p. o6 (1^38) (= Chauliodus, Sw.) ; G. R.
^ Gr. Gen. B. lii. p. 017 (184')).
Ktinorhjmchus, Eyt. Mon. Anat. p. 137, preface, p. 2
(1838) C. streperus.
Ctenorhynchus, Agass. Nomend. ZooL, Ind. Univ. p. 198
(1840).
Chauliodous, Olphe-Gall. Contr. Faun. Ot-n. Eur. Oee.
iv. p. 50(188S).
Range. Confinod to Xorthcrn Hemisphere.
Kty to the Species.
a. LarpT; wing about 11 inches
b. Smaller ; wing 8 inches (only female known) . . .
1. Chanlelasmus streperus.
st repents, p. 221,
couesi, p. 220.
Strepera, Briss. Om. vi. p. 339, tab. xxxiii. f. 1 (1700).
Anas 8trepera, Lirin. S. X. i. p. 200, n. 20 (17()0) ; Gm. S. K. i. 2,
pi. 1.5. u. i, r> (iracnea; (i/v»oj ; i-au. ijoogr. nosso-j-is. u. p.
(1811) ; JVi/s. Am. Om. viii. p. 120, pi. 71 (1814) ; 7W«w. Man.
Ztyol xii. 2, p. l():i (lf<24) ; Bp. Ohs. IVtls. n. 207 (1825) ; id. Si/n.
p. 383 (1828) : F/em. Brit. An. p. 124 (1828) ; iSari, Orn. foxe.
lii. p. 169(18:31); Brehm, Viiy. Deutsehl. p. 870 (1831); Sykes,
P. Z. 6'. Ib32, p. 108 (l)ukhun); Aud. Om. Bioyr. iv. p. 3o3,
pi. 348 (18^38) ; id.Syn.^r27S (18:39); id. B. Am. vi. p. 254,
pi. 388 (1843) ; A'. ^ B. Wirhelth. Eur. pp. Ixxxv, 226 (1840) ;
Aaum. VOg. Deutsehl. xi. p. 659, pi. :K)2 (1842); Selys-L., Fautt,
Rely. i. p. 141 (1842) ; Schley. Rev. Crit. p. 115 (1844) ; Giraud,
R. Long. Isl.ia. 304 (1844) ; De Kay, N. Y. Zool. ii. p. 343 (1844) ;
Deyl. Om. Eur. ii. p. 430 (1849) ; Teimn. ^ Schley. Faun. Jap..
Ave*, p. 138 (I860) ; Midd. SOir. Bd*. ii. p. 232 (1853) ; P Paints,
J. f. O. 1853, pp. 242. 312 (Lapliind ! breediDfrJ ; Wallatffr.
JVoBiwmmo, 1854, p. 272 (SaindinaTi«) ; JVetefi. P. Jt. S. Sep. vi.
p. 102 (1867); Jon., Wedd., ^ Hurdix, Nat. in Berm. p. 47
{Bermudii) (1869) ; Mart. J.f. O. 1859, p. 220 ; Finsch, J.f. 0.
1859, p. 387 (Bulgaria) ; Preen, ibid. p. 4e3 (note) j Pncyt, Ibi»,
1860, p. 353 (Ion. Isl.) ; Simpi. ibid. p. 394 ( W. Greece) ; Saink.
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 324 (China) j Nordn^ J. f. O. 1864, p. 377 ;
Schirs/. Mat. F.-B., AoBere*, p. 48 (Cape of Good Hope !) (1866) ;
iV«w. Foi/. n. 203 (1867) ; Triitr. Itis, 1868, p. 328 (PalcBtine);
Elma 4- £ucki. IMs, 1870, p, 340 (Macedonial ; Horneyer, J.f. O.
1870, p. 432; Smnderi, Ibu, 1871, p. 396 (S. Spain, bivediniC);
Tatflor, Ibit, 1872, p. 233 (Crimea) ; ShtU. B. of Egj/pt, p. 283
(1872) i Oifb. Thfa. Orn. i. p. 363 (1872) ; Seixrts. Turkeit. Jevotn.
§70 (1873) : Sdat. ^ Sals. Nomtncl. An. Neotrop. p. 129 (1873) ;
It/tk, B. ofBHrmn, p. 166 (Arakan) (1876) ; SiUit. P. Z. S. 1876,
p. 382; Blanf. Eatt Pen. ij. p. 300 (1876) ; Finseh, Verh. t.-b.
Oe». Wten, 1879, p. ■262 ( W. Siberia) : A.^E. Nftct. Handb. Jam.
p. 113 (1881); C. Swinh. Ibit, 1882, p. !34; Rehmc. Orn.
Centraibl 1882, p. 19; id. Vog. tool. Oart. p. 62 (1862);
Triitr. Faun. Sr Flor. Palrit., Artt, p. 115 (1884); Sound.
Yarretfi Hitt. Br. B. iv. p. 370 (1885) ; Settbh. Hitt. Br. B. iii.
p. 530, pi. 64 (egg) (18C6) ; Memb. ILig, 1885, p. 367 ; A. O. U.
Ckedt-lUt, p. 115. n. 136 (1886) ; Turner, Contr. N. H. Altuka,
p. 131 (1886) ; Scully, J. A. S. B. Ivi. p. 88 (1887) ; iWyte. Man. A'.
Am. B. p. 96 (1887) ; Giry, Auk, 1888, p. 61 [Cuba and Jamaica,
winter); id. Birds W. Ind. p. 202 (1888); Triitr. Cat. CbU. B.
p. 49 (Bermuda) (1889) ; Rchnw. J. f. O. 1890, p. 82 ; Ulf. Col
Fig. Br. B. pt. nv. pi. — (1890) ; &e*A. B. Jap. Emp. p. 24a
(1890); Sartert,Eat. Voffelmmmt. p. 231 (1891); SatcA, B. of
Minnei. p. 41 (1892): A. Newt. iHcl. of Birdi, pt. 1, p. 297
(1803).
Anns cinerea, S. G. Gm. Bei>e Russl. ii. p. 184, t. 17 ((f> (1774);
Bre/im, I»if, IS30, p. 097 ; id. Vtig. DeutiM. p. 871 (1831).
Anas kekiischlia, S. G. Om. Seine, iii. p. 249, tt. 21i, 27 (Caapiup
iii. p. 617, n. 1 (1&15) ; id. Cat. E<^j,i. CaU. B. M. p. 1*5 (IWfi) ;
Goue, B. Jam. p. 408 (\M>] ; Blyth, Cat. S. Mia. A. S. S. p. 301,
n. irn (1SI9) ; Jichnb. t,)/it. All. p. X (103S) ; Woodh. Sityr. li^.
p. 104 (1853) ; Bp. Cofiipl. Rend. xl. p. 064 (1853). xliii. p, 060,
n. 80 (16oU) ; Mmgl. Si/it. Ueb. n. H03 OSTaI) -. Brrhm, J. /. O.
li*67,p. 357; Baud. B. .V. ^m. p. 782 (1858); id. Citt. A'. Am.
«. n. 584 (1859); lleerm. P. IL JL Sep. x. pt. tL p. 69 (]8.j9) ;
»i/t>, Ibit, 1859, p. 363 (E. Atlas) ; J/omra, /./ 0. 180». p. 873
(ZooL Gatd.) ; /rirfr. Jfti., 1860, p. 81 (K. Atr.) ; Cbop. ^ Siickl.
y.H. H'aifh. Terr.p. l'M(miO); Aibrecht.J./.O.lsm, p. 207
(Jamiueii) ; JJlaki»i. IhU, 18ii8, p. 14e (Br. N. Am.) ; O. k. Gi:
Cat. Hodfft. CaU. D. M. 2iid ed. p, 77 (1863) ; Utanh, Pr. Ac.
PAfJutJ. 1864, p. 73 (Jamaica): Trulr.P.Z.S. l^l, u. 4M -. Jtrd.
B. o/Ind. iii. p. 60-2 (1804) i Moit, Ibit, 1865. p. 442; Dre**.
Ibit, 1866, p. 43 (1'eias) ; Co«e; Pr. Ac Pkilad. 1866, p. 9JI
(AtiMiial ; Gundl. Rep. FiM.-Sat. \. p. 389 (Cubnl (1866) ; later.
Ann. Zue. A'. I', viii. (IWW). p. 207 1 1867); Btav. Itnt, 1868,
p. 402 (India) ; Brown, ibid. p. 426 (^'ftDCouver) ; Doll j- Ba^n.
Tr. Okie. Acad. \. p. 30S (18fH)); Su^'iiA. P. Z. & 1871. p. 418
(Chiiwj: OuebeL, J. /. O. 1871, p. U7 (UnuuiMben Kreiae) ;
Omdl. J. /. O. 1871, pp. 202, 2U4 (Cuba); Frittdi, J. /. 0.
1672, p. SOU ; Sundee. Melh. nat. Av. dim. Tmt. p. 148 (1872) ;
Merr. U.S. Getd. Sure. Terr. p. 704 (Idato) (1672) ; Altm, RuU.
M. C. Z. iii. p. 183 (Colorado) (1872) ; Ailxn, Pr. Bott. Soe. sv.
p. 240 (Colorado) (1872): Cb««. Key. p. 286 (1672); id. Check-
lwf,D. 4»1 (1873); AUl. j- H. Broom, Ibit, 1873, p, 70 lAroh-
Mtiel); Liojfd, ibid. ^. 420 (Kattian'ar); Snotc, B. KaJti. p. 11
(1673) ; Hume ^ Hendert. Lahore to Ynrk. p. S96 (1873) ; DreM.
B, Bur. Mi. p. 487, pi. 424 (pt. ixiii., 1S73) ; Heugl Oi-n. K.O.-
4fr. a. % p. 13Sf7 (1873) ; CHum. B. iV.- Werf, p. 663 (1874) ; Lawr.
Mtm. Bo*(. Snt. N. H. ii. p, 316 (1874) ; Gvndl. J. f. 0. 1876,
B, 381 (Ciibn) ; Drem. Ibit, 1876, p. 419 ; David^ Outl. Oil. Oiine,
p. 4&» (1877) : Pijev. m RoipI. Or*. Mite iii. p. 106 (MonpoliR)
(1878): Bbik«d. * Fryer, Ibis, 1878, p, 214 (Yokohama) ; Hume,
atr. FealA. viii. p. 1 IS, n. 961 (1^79) ; Sculfy, AtJ. p. 3(12 (Nepal)
(1879) ; &ht. P. Z. & 1880, p. olB; Htane^^ Marih. Game Bu'd*.
U). p. 181, pi. 24 (1880) : mdd.Ibit,\^l,a. 100 (Gilipl): -^•'^'c-
Kim. N. Am. B. n. 601 (1881) ; Couet, Chrck-M, 2nd ed. p. 113,
O. 711 (1882) : Sah. Vat. B. SlrirkL CoU. p. 534 (1882) ; Blak. ^
fryer. Tr. Am. Soc. Jap. j. p, 98 (1882) ; IfrAnw. Om. Cenlralbt.
1882, p. 19; id. rHy. tool. GUH. p. 62 (1882); B. O. U. Ua
Br. B. p. \-2r, (1883| ; Sdat. Ua Vai. An. Slh eil. p. 432 (1883) ;
(Wei. B. of Br. Burma, u. p. 28:( ( 1 883) : ManA. Ibu, 1884. p. 424
(CliaiDba); If., B.. ^ It. Water- Biid» N. Am. i. p. GU6(]884i(
CiMM. Key If. Am. B.aaded. ■p.m3{\S8i];Sharpe.Lnvard'iB.
8. A/r. p. 759 (Omnge Riviirl (1884) ; Nehrl. J.f. 0. 1885, p. 146
(HlboUl ; Salrad. EL Vet. Hat p. 258 (1880); Tait, Ibit, 1887,
p. 376 (Portupil) ; Stejn. Pr. U.S. A'o(. Miu. x. p. 136 (Bering I.)
(1867)1 m. Jo/m. Ibit, 1889, p. 120 (A^hdoiiitan) ; SAarpe, Tr.
Lua. Sue. (2) Znol. V. p. 91 (1689); irf. Sec. Yark. £.rp., Ave/,
p. 131 (1891); id.Cal.Oiteol.^>eiim. CWi. Sb™. iii. p.301 (181)1) ;
Vyan. Jbii. 18SI1, pp. 328, 4MJ ; Dub. Faun. Belg.. Oil. ii. p. 438,
pi. 354(1892); (hwt Oi*. Turkett. etc. (AWf. Arch. Mut. (8)71.
Ertr. p. W) (1804) ; Rickett, Ibit, 1884, p, 224 (rhina).
Kttmirbvnrbus etr«p«rupi, Eyt. Mon, Aiiat. p. I.'t7 (1H38).
(ttiorqanluU «i>-pur«, Maeyill. Man. Om. b. p, li,9 (18J3) ; id. Hilt.
Br.B. V. p. ea (1852).
Etiaorhjnchus strepera, Barfl. Verx. Get. Miu. p. ISO (18J4).
Adu mail, Hodga. Gray't ZooL Misc. p. 81, d. 600 [ $ ) (1844).
CbBulelmmiia strepera, JtcAnb. Si/n. Av., Natotorea, t. 93. ff. 165-167
(184fi); Lkkt. Nommcl. Av. p. 100 (1864) ; BolU, J. f. O. 1855,
p. 814 (Spain) ; Degl. * G»be, Om. Eur. ii._p. 510 (1867) ; Gould.
B. Great Brit. v. pi. 19 (pt. liii., 1868) ; Etjt. Syn. Anal. p. 93
(1869); Taes. J./ 0. 1870,p. 5fi; e. if. ffr. J?anrf-ii»(, iii. p. 84,
n, 10674 (1671); Huh. J.f. O. 1873, p. 110, 1874, p. S37j Taei.
BtUl. Soe. Zool. Fr. li. p. 40 (1877) ; Madar. Zeittchr. gee. Om. i.
p. 39 (1884).
Chaulelasmus cinereua, Brehm, Vogelf. p. S73 (1856); id. Nau-
mnnnia, 1856, p. 297.
Chaulelasmua americanus, Grinf (a\A?),Jide Brekm, Vogelf. p. 874
(1865) ; id. Ifaumimnia, 1866, p. 207.
Cbaulelaamtu atreperus, b, americanua, Bp. Compt. Bend, zliii. n. G-jO
(1866).
Anas atrepern americana, Wied, J.f. O. 1859, p, 169.
Anas (Chauliodes) Btrepera, Radde, Reie. S. 0.-8ibir. ii. p. 370 (1863).
Anaa atreperus, Cory, LUt B. W. Ind. p. 30 (1886).
ChauliodouB Btrepenu, Olphe-Gall. CorOr. Faun. Om. Eur. Occ. it.
p. 60 (1888).
Advlt male. Upper part of the head reddiah brown, indistinctlT
epeckled vith darker brown ; eidea of the hnad and upper neck
whitish, the latter with a maty tinge, both thickly speckled with
brown ; an indiatinct brown band behind the eyes ; mantle and
scapulars grey, thickly waved with blackish ; lower back uniform
brown, changing into yclvety black on the rump, upper and under
tail-ooverts ; lower neck in front and on the sides and upper breast
with blarkish and white crescent-like bara on each feather, producing
a scale-like appearance ; lower breast and upper part of the abdomen
white ; sidea and flanks thickly waved with blackish and gre}*iBh
bands, which extend on the sides of the vent ; smaller wing-covcrta
brownish grey, the median ones rhestiiul, tlio prea tor velvety black ;
^^
29. cHiuLEtisiirs.
S25 ^1
Vourui in dcnen
I resemble those of the Mallard, " but there is a ^H
moro prouoonced
golden tinge on the throat and cheeks, the atrcak ^^B
through the eye is more defined, and tbere is
a small dark spot at ^^H
the janctioD of
the mandibles, which the
Mallard ha^ not" ^^M
(rorTvfl).^ ^^
^^B
Hail. Northern Hemisphere, breeding in subarctic regions of both ^^|
contineota, extem
ling south during wiut«r as
far as Abyssinia and ^^H
Shoa, but not u
1 for as the Cape (?), Palestine, India, Arakau, ^^|
China, and Jupan
; in America as £ir south as
Mexico and Jamaica. ^H
n, J, ft (J 2 od. rt.
Grent Britain.
Purchased. ^M
</. <; ltd. sk.
l.ofTiree, .Nov.
Col. Irby & Capt. ^^1
Tw Jddal^ CoU. ^H
r. <f ad. A.
/-*. (J2 »d., d
Mertoo, Norfolk, Jone, July.
Lord Walaiugham ^H
iniro.sk.,etpiill.
^M
». lmm.«k.
Pembrokeshire.
Earl of Cawdor [P.]. ^H
^ 5-d.ak.
Aldebiirgh. SidTolk, Aug.
Theodore Fisher, ^H
r. <fd..k.
Kent.
«. <; ad. ak.
Hasdngs Market, April.
n. J. Elwes, Eeq. ^H
t. It (f $ ad. Bk.
London Market.
.,_«■. d •d.«2
1 imm. sk.
*.y. d io».»k.
EBjpl. Feb. (G. E. «.).
SheUey Co'u. ^H
Leokoran.
Seebohm Coll. ^H
>. d Hi. ak.
Tt-heran.lOOO ft,, Persia.
W. T. Blanford, Esq. ^H
^H «'-<r. ^ 2 ad. ^
Lob-nor,Feb. (P«>™/«Au).
BaJa Morghab, Jan., Feb.
Seeboim Coll. ^H
H •-,/■. d id. et J
AigUan DjIimitatioQ ^H
Lt.-Col. Swinkoe ^M
Hume CoU. ^^H
^B JUT.tk.
(Ailchuon).
^B f--/. <{ ad. ^.
Kandahar. Feb., Mar.
H *'. $jaT.ak.
R. Jhelum, near Sbabpoor,
^B
Not. (A. O. H.).
^B /-, «'. ({ ad. ak.
Hamal Mehui-, Jan.
Hume CoU. ^^M
H .'.<fad.ak.
MehuT, Upper Sind, Jan.
(A. 0. m-
Hume Coil. ^H
^H c'-J. (f ad. et 1^
Sambhur, Feb., March, Noy.
Hume Coll. ^^M
H
(fl. M. Ad„m).
H r.^fad-at.
Gwalior.
C. Maries, Esq. [P.]. ^H
^B v. $ ad. «k.
Ajmere, Dec, {A. 0. H.].
Hume Coll. ^H
^B <^> i^- ^ "°°>- "I''
Siiza.
Hume C^ll. ^H
H ^,y',<'. rfS »L
Uurgaoii,Feb,{jr.JV. CTiffl.
Hume Coll. ^H
^B M «j imm. ak.
^H «"-«". d S ad. et
Elawah, Not.
Hume CoU. ^^B
H /^"^'i'«d-«J
Futlehgurh,Feb. (A. Andfr-
Seebohm CoU. ^^B
^B j». ak.
^ A"; <J ad. ak.
PLotrfpore, near Allahabad,
Hume CoU. ^H
Feb.
i". (f ad. ak.
Oudh.
Capt. Stackhoiise ^H
Knwill [P.]. ^H
**■, r. (J ad. ak.
Oudh, Dec, Jan.
Hume Coll. ^H
W, n", -/'. 2 ad.
Nepal.
B.H.Hodg«on,Esq. ^B
«t <J ju*. »k.
[PI ^1
»!». xx»n.
^^M
/'-v". <f $ ad. et NatJTeSiUum,Feb.,Maicli, Hume Coll.
iuT. sk. Not. (i. ManiUlli).
w". d ad. sk. IHpur Bhe«l, Asaom, Feb. Tweeddale Coll.
\A. W. ChmnelT).
y. d ad. Bk. Dinapore, Jan. Hume Coll.
y, e". J ad. St, at Deccau (Syket). India Museum [!
$ ad.8li.
A*-cI'. <; $ ad. ek.. Sbanghu, March (S. Stein- Seebohm Coll.
hoe).
«'./"■ <J 2 ad. sk. Yokohama, Jan. (ff.iVyer).
y. Pcf jav- at. Behiing Strata.
A'. (J ad. St.
t^. rf ad. sk.
k\ $ ad. sk.
;'. tf jUT. dc.
™'. e juv. ak.
n". Juv. ak.
o'. (J ad. ak.
p'. tf juv. ek.
^-f. (J ? ad. et
juv. sk.
«'./',?*■ cfSad.
sk.
A',.*, J', Pull. at
i'. Pull. Bt
m'. Skeleton ^-
perfect).
ri*. SUoDum and
N. America.
Vancouver Island.
West side Rocky Mts.
4dth ParaUel.
Warner Lake, Oregon, Sept
Wsshoe Lake, Nevada, Not.
MJaaiffiippi VsUej, April.
San Antonio, Texas, winter
{S. B. Dretier).
Corpus Chriati, Tex
Dec, Jan. (F. 1
ttrang).
Los Angeles, California.
Presidio, Mexico, Feb. (A.
Forrer).
Zacatecaa, Mexico, April
( W. B. Rickardion).
No locali^.
Nepal,
II
Seebohm Coll.
CaptKellett&Li
Wood [P.'
J. E. Gray, I .
J. K. Lord, Esq.
J. K. Lord, Esq. __
N. America Etbun(
ary Comm. [PJ.
Salvra-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
SalTiu-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Qodman Coll.
Salvin-Oiodman Coll.
ZooLSoc.
B. H. HodgBon, Esq.
[P.).
30. lURECl.
227
iDuaediatvly distingatshod by its grc^tiy inferior size, irhioh hardly
«xn«ds that of a Teal, the diffprent colour of the bill and feet
(black, somewhat lighter on the inner ride of the tarsna), and the
nugular discrepiiticy id the lamellie of the bill ; these arc email and
clooely pactcd, about 75 iii nmnber, while in ttrrptrat are only
Aboot 50. Length 17 inches, wing 8, en 1 men l'-16, tflrsus 1-40,"
(Slrf/tt.)
Hah, Washington and >'ew York Islands, Fanning Group.
Type.
M. pt-nolope,
M. penelope.
Mareo*, Stfpk. Om. Hoot. sii. 2. p. 130 (1824)
Penelop*, Saup, Natiirl. S^t. p. 31 (1820)
Maries (erroreF), LeacA, fide Sw. Ckti. B. ii. p. 366
(1637).
Banyt. Paltoarctic, Neorctic, and Neotropical regioi
Kty to the Sjnecia.
A wide white palch ou the upper wing-coverte ;
central tail-fentbers rather acuminate -, bill
mther small ; Umellffi scarcelr prominunC.
a. lipper tail-coverts izrcy, the outer feathera
btick; under tail-coverta glosay black in
a'. Upper port of the head buff; remainder of
the hend and upper neck chestnut; femtde
n-ith tlie head brown-chestnut, spotted with
black penelope, p. 227.
A'. Upper part of tbo head mhiligh ; sidea of the
head and upper neck whitish, with black
spots : female with the head and upper
neck whitish, spotted with black amfricana, p. 233.
b. Upper lail-coverts white ; under tftil-coverto
whitu, tinged with chestnut j hind part of
the head and nape slosij green, with blue
hiane, especially on the nape tibSalric, p. 236.
1. Kareca penelope.
The Wigeon.
I'enelops, Qeftt. Af. p. 108.
AnM flstukria, flrnM. Om. ri. p. 391, t. xmv. f. 2 (rf) (1700;;
lirehm. Ilia, 1830, p. 007 ; id. Handb. Tog. Deutte/U. p. 674 (1831) :
i henny, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 40.
Anas penelops, Umt. S. A i. p. 202, n. 27 <1766).
? Anu niuluiura, Scop. Atuu I. H. N. p. 06, n. 82 (1700).
Aww rogolcn, 8. Q. Om. Jleit. i. p. 70 (1770).
Anna kocolca, S. G, Gm. Nov. Comm. Prtrap. it. p. 468, t. 21 (1771) ;
'- '■ ". i. 2, p. 527 S (1788) ; ITWi. JV. A r. p. 122 (1*116) :
Hvm. Did. Se. Sat. vi. p. 376 (1817).
Om. 5. JV. ].;
Kjrnat, ai»ngUUA,Oeniti, Stof. da/li Pec. v. tt. 586,686 (1776).
Canard riffleur, D'Auimit. PL iW. 825 ( cJ ) ; Suf Hut. Sal. Oi*.
ix-p. 169, pK 10, 11(1783).
Wigeon, Lath. Syn. iii. S, p. 518, n. 63 (1786).
Ansa penalope, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. G27, n. 27 (1788) ; ZoU. intf. Om.
ii. p. 860, D. 71 (ireO) ; Bonn. .£W. Mtth. i. p. 141, pL 34. £ 4
E))i ittfA. Tf. iiBH. «bc. iv. p. Ill, t. liii. f. » (trachea)
!} ; PaU. Zoogr. Soito-Ag. ii. p. S61 (1811) (Riuaift, Siberia,
techatka); Temtn. Man. d'Om. f. 542 (1816); ieoc-S, CW.
p. 37 (1816) ; VieiB. If. D. t. p. 150 (1816) ; Dum. Diet. Sc. Nat.
Ti. p. 866 (1817); rwnm. JHon. if Or». 2nd ed. ii. p. 840 (1B20);
£oie, Int. 1822, p. GGl ; Ucht. Vert. SoubL p. 84 (Icekni), Egrpt)
(1823) ; Srehm, Eur. Vog. p. 768 (1823) ; FUm. Br. Atutn. p. 124
(1828) ; Brehm, Itis, 1830, p. 097 ; id. Eamlb. Fiu. DeatiM.
p. 874 (1831) ; La». Tt. d'Om. p. 634 (1831) ; P Wagl. Im, 1831,
p. 532 (Mexico) ; Savi, Om. Toic. iii. p. 146 (Italy) (1831) ; Nordm.
m Ennann'$ Verz. Th. Pfi. p. 18 (1835) ; Thiaiem. ^at. DtirtUU. d.
Fortpfi. Vbg. Eur. fl Abth. p. 34, t. zxiv. f. 5 (1838) ; Temm. Man. iv.
p. 632 (1840) ; Keys. ^ Bias. Wirbtlth. Eur. pp. IiuIt, 223 (1840) j
Navm. Vog. Beutschi. li. p. 724, t. 305 (1842) ; Selt/i-L. Faun. Bflg.
p. 142 (1842) ; SchUg. Bev. Orit. p. ciiv (1S44) ; DeEau, N. Y.
^l. ii. p. 436 (1844) ; Giraud, B. Long Itl. p. 307 (1844) ; Degl.
Om. Eur. ii. p. 431 (1849); Temm. S( ScAleg. Faun. Jap., Avet,
p. 127 (1850) i Midd. SMr. Seise, ii. 2, p. 229 (1863) ; Piuti.
J. f. O. 1853, pp. 242. 318 (Lapland) ; Schill. ibid. p. 337 ;
WaUengr. Xaumannia, 1864,p. 271 (ScandinaTia) ; Raink. J.f. 0.
1S64, pp. 426,441; Thienem. FoHpJtanamgsg. gu. Fog. tlxzx. f.6
(1856); KiHl. Denkw. ii. p. 292 (1858); Simpton, Jbii, 1860,
p. 394 (Greece) ; SeinA. Ibis, 1861, p. 13 (Greenland) { StnnA.
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 324 (Chba) ; Wright, Ibit, 1864, p. 165 (Malta) ;
Nordm. J.f. O. 1864, p. 3/7 (Finland, Lapland); BfirfA, B. of
Burma, p. 166 (Arakan, Hainan) (1866) ; Schky. Mu». P.-B.,
AuBeteti,p.U{lS66);Pn!ew.Vo!/.D.lm(lS&7);Dyb.^Parr.J.f.O.
]868,p. 338 (Dauria) ; Miilt. ^ Drogtn, J J. 0. im, p. 346 (Faroe
Ib.) ; J&Atw 4- Buckl Ibis, 1870, p. 339 (TurkeT) ; Daeid, N. Arch,
du Mut., Bull. vii. Oit. a. 449 (1871) ; Gie6. 'Thti. Om. i. p. 369
■ --2) ; JI>r„gi. lids, 187:^, |.. 04 (WaiiiHts Is.) ; Tni/!. ibid. p. 233
,) ; Fischrr. J-fO. 1672, p. 3ft) (iJt. Peterebu^j Set'ert:.
30. mRECA.
229
pL 369 (la^) ; Bp. aiiip. Lint, p. 56 {1838) ; SiriekL P. Z. S.
lM2,p. 168 (China): MaafOl. Man. ii. p. 174 (1342); Rarfl.
Fen. Gel. Mai. p. 118 (1844) ; G. S. Or. List B. Brit. Afiu. iii.
p. 133 (1844); id. Gtn. B.vi. p. 614, n. 1 (1846); Riif^i. Syct.
Uebert. p, 138 (Egypt, AbyBamia) (1845); Rehnb. Sm. At'..
NaUtores, t. 92. ff, 168, 168 (18*6) ; O. R. Or. Cat. Hodgi. OM.
A Jf. p. 145(1846);BiyM, Cat. B. Mu». A. 5. B. p. 305, n. 1778
(164») ; Harcotirl, P. Z. 8. 1861, p. 146 fMndraraJ; Schnb. Av.
&/»t. Hat. p. ix (1852) ; Haramrl, Ann. ^ Mag. N. B. xii. p. 63
(M«l<i») (18o3); Ueht. JVowimrf. Ai>. p. 101 (18.S1); Marti.
J.f. O. 1854, p. 160 {Cevloa!)»: Bp. Compl. Jtend. iliii. p. 660,
D. 117 (1856); Ounn. S'arr. Exp. Am. Sguadr. ftx. ii. p. 231
(Hakodndi) (18.5(1) ; Balrd. B. X. Am. p. 784 (1858) ; id. Cat. N.
Am. B. n. 58« ( 18o9) ; Sale. Ibit. 1859, p. 364 ; Som/^. J. /. 0.
1859, p. 372 ; Finich, ibid. p. 386 (Bulgnrift) ; Romt, Rte. et Mag.
di Zool. IB69, p. 14o, pi. 6 (var.); Triitr. Ibis, 1860, p, 81 :
Fovm, ibid. p. 353 (Ionian lal.) ; Swini. Rni, 1861, p. W>
(N. China), 1863, p. 434 (FormoM) ; O. R. Or. Zia Br. B. p. 181
(1868); id. Cat. Hodgi. CV-ii. A -tf. 2nd ed. p. 76 (1863); Trittr.
P. Z. S. 1864, p. 463 (Jordan) ; Jerd. B. o/Ind. iii. p. 804 (1864) :
Mor*, IbiM, 1865. p. 444 (Great Britain) : WhUrly, Ibit, 1867,
p. 307 (Hakodadi); Sioinli. ibid. p. 399; Later. Ann. Imc. N.T
riii. p. 207 (18tS7) ; Degl. * Gerbe, Ont. Enr. ii. p. 512 (1867) :
Tn$tr. Jhi$, 1866, p. 328 (Palestine) ; Oa&t, Pr. Em. Inxt. v.
p. 29» (New EnBland) (1868) ; Taex. J.f. O. 1870, p. 65 (Con-
•tantina); Swinh. IbU. 1870, p. Sm ; id. P. Z. S. 1871. p. 418;
Sound. Ibi». 1871, p. ;197 (Spain) ; Gaebd, J. /. 0. 1871, pp. 21,
22, 28, W, 148 ; O. R. Gr. HandJi^, iii p. 81, n. 10028 (1871) :
Oouid, B. Gr. Brit. t. pi. 13 (1871) ; &undev. Melii. nat. At.
dim. Tnd. p. 147 (1872); SA*«. B. of Egypt, p. 288 (1872);
Oouei, Ety.y. 268 (1872) ; id. Oieck-tia. n. 493 (1873) ; DrM, Avi/.
Aleut. III. UnaL eaitic. p. 5 (1873) ; Hume, Sir. Feath. i. p. 271
(Sindh) (1873) ; Aid. ^ It. Broum, IbU, 1873, p. 71 (Arcbiingel) ;
BnxAt, ibid. p. 343 (Sardinia) ; Dgb. J.f. O. 1873, p. 110; Seuil.
Om. N.O.-A/r. ii. 2, p. 1809 (1873); Qmet, B. N.- H>rf, p. 664
0874) ; Taa. J. / O. 1674, p. 337 ; SwmA. ifii, 1875, p. 457
(Hakodadi); Comi in Eltiatf* Affdirt AUaka, p. 191 (1875);
HatUng, Fauna Prubil. W. p. 29 (1875) ; BuH Str. FtatA. iv. p. 30
(1870); Hurm, ibid.: B. Whitrltm, Ibii, 1876, p. 28 (Cornea) :
Drem. Ibii. 1870, p. 420; id. B. of. Eur. vi. p. 541. pU. 432, 4a^
(pt. 48, 187S) ; Blanf. End. Prm. ii. p. 301 (1876) ; SAarpe, Ibti,
VSn, p. 34 (Borneo) ; Taet. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. ii. p. 46 (1877) ;
ii. Om. FauH. Fcwf. SfJir. p. 70 (1877) ; DavidS[ Out/. 0«, CAine,
S499 (1877) ; Pij>v. in Rmet. Om. Mite. iii. p. 101 (Mon^Ua)
878) : Blakiit. * Pryer, Ihi». 1878, p. 213 (Japan) ; Lawr. Bull.
Nutt. Om. auh, iii. p. 9a (1878) ; Beritr, op. til. u. p. 190 (N.
Cuolina) (1879) ; Hvmf, S/r. Ftath. vii. p. 484 (Calcutta) (1879) ;
lit <w. ™t. viii. p. 116, n. 903 (1870); Ufone, C«//. iVa«. Om. CTufi,
T. p. 12«(N. GftToliiifl, Virginia) (1880); Scfat. P. Z. S. 1880,
p. 674; FSnir-h. Dai, 1880. pp. 332, 333 (Taluit, MawliaU I.);
Smne ^ Manh. Gamr-Bird* of tnd. iii. p. 197, pi 26 (1680) ;
Ridgv. Kom. X. Am. B. n. 600 (1881) ; Cecil Smitli. Zo^. 1881,
p.448; Sume, Str. Feath. x. p. 245 note (PeRu) (1882) ; C. SmnJt
IbU, 1882, p. 124 (Kutdabtir) ; Couei, Cheek-list, 2tid ed. p, 113'
n. 712 (1882) ; Slakitl. ^ Prytr, Tr. At. Soc. Jap. s. p. 97 (ISKft }
Mliott, Mon. Seal-Itlp. 180{Prybaov lal.) (1882); Salv.Qit.B.
StriM. CoU. p. 682 (1882) ; Tacz. Butt. Soe. Zool. Fr. viii. p. S44
(Ksmtacliatka) (1883) ; B. O. U. Lia Br. B.v- 123 (1883) ; Selat.
List VeH. An. 8th ed. p. 436 (1883) ; NeU. Cruite 'Gyrwat; p. 96
(1883) ; Oale», B. BriL Burm. ii. p. 278 (1833) ; Biakist. ChnstmOi.
1883, p. 27 ; id. Amend. Liit B. Jap. p. 0 (1884) ; Tritir. Faiot.Se
Flor. of Pakit^. 116 (1884) ; Badde, Ontii Caucat. p. 456 (1884) ;
B., B., ^ S. Wakr-B. N. Am. i. p. 617 (1884); Cowu, Key N.
Am. £. 2nd ed. p. 684 (1884) ; Madar. Zeitichr. d. ga. On. i.
p. 34 (1884) ; Fimch, Mitth. om. Ver. %Vien, 1884, p. 127 ;
Sound. YarreWa But. Br. B. iv. p. 397 (1884-86) ; Chapm. Ibu,
1886, p. 169 (LapUnd) ; Biid, ibid. p. 266 (Marocco) ; St^. Bull.
U.S. Nat. Mm. no. 29, p. 167(BerinB I.) (1886) ; Salrad. El. Uec.
Ital. p. 259 (1886) ; Tatt, B>ii, 1887, p. '377 (Portugal) ; Stgn. Fr.
U.S. Nat. Mia. i. p. 136 (Commander I.) (1887) ; Bidffw. Man. N.
Am. B. p. 96 (1887) ; Nel*. Nat. Hist. Coil, in Alaska, p. 67 (1887) ;
Tan. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 640 (Ck)rea) ; Own. Ihi>, 1888, pp. 228,230;
Koenig, J.f. 0. 1888, p. 296 (Tunis) ; Salwd. ^ Oigl. Mem. R. Ac.
Sc. 7'(»r.(2)Mxix.p. 131 (Japan) (1888); XiW>rJ, 76m, 1889, p. 346
(Cjprus) ; Trittr. Cat. Coil. B. p. 60 (1889) ; BDerett, Joum. i^r.Br.
B.A«. Soc. 1889, p. 192 (Borneo) : S&arpe, Tr. lAnn. Soc. {2)Zool. v.
p. 92 (1889) ; id. Biit, 1800, pp. 148, 28.) (Borneo) ; Biuiell, Zooloff.
(3) i!T. pp. 62-69 (Essex) (1800); Lilf. Col.Fig.Br. B. pt. xr. pL —
(1890) ; Erxmt, Ibit, 1891, p. 72 (incubation) ; Sharpe, ibid. p. 116
(Fao); Sfvan, ibid. pp. 328, 496; Wigleitc. Anei Polyn. p. 71
{M«rshaU Is.) (1891) ; Sharpe, Cat. Otteol Spedm. Coll. Surg. iii.
p. 302 (1891) ; Dub. Faun. Vert. Bely., Ou. ii. p. 441, pi. 225
(1892) ; Be la Touche, Ibit, 1892, p. 492 ; Meade- U'alda, Ibit,
1893, p. "199 (Canaries).
AnasP vitticeps, Bodgi. Gray't Zool. MiK. p. 86, n. 677 (2)
(IH44).
FuliKiiLi? cbemiGn, Hu,lqf. Grni,'' Z,^l. MiK. p. 86, n. 458 (J)
(1844),
I
no. HAHECt. S31
Anw pcoelope X A. acuta, Cmmm. N. T. D. ii. p. 296 (1865) ; Leeerk.
J./ O. 1800. pp. 210, 230.
Ansa pVDplopt! X A. creccs, Leoerk. J.f. 0. 1800, p. 230.
Adult mate. Forehead and top of ths head buff, rest of the head
aiid neck i^innamon, minutely Bpotted, especially round the eyes,
with bottle-green ; chin and throat more or Ic^a black ; mantle,
bitck, and scapulars grey, crosaed with irregular iigzag bnes of
black ; central tail-feathers paler, almost whitieh ; lateral tail-
feathers like the under t^-coverts, black ; lower fore neck aud
sides of the breast rinacooDs; tnidiUc of the breast and abdomen
white : sides, flanks, and under wing-coverts grey, with zigzag lines
like the back ; wiag-covert« white, the largest tipped wifii black ;
primaries nrnfomi dark brown ; outer webs of the secondaries green,
forming a speculum, edged with block ; black outer webs of the
secondaries broadly edged with white; tail-feathers elongated,
pointed, and nearly black ; irides dark brown ; bill blaiah lead-
colour, tipped with black ; legs, toes, and their membranes dark
brown. Total length 18 inches, wing lOo, tiiil 4-6, culmen 1'55,
tiLTsua l'5o.
Femah. Head and neck pale reddish brown, speckled with
blackish ; upper parts brown, each feather with pale whitish edges.
the edges of the scapulare reddish brown ; breaat and sides reddish
brown : under surface white ; under tail-coverta white, with
irregular brown bars or spots ; primaries dark brown, secondaries
dull black, slightly tipped with white ; wing-coverts like the back,
but thp larger ones tipped with white ; tail dull greyish brown ;
iride* brown ; bill bluish black.
yoitity maU. Besenibles more or less the female.
Netttifig '* may bo distinguished by the warm rufous tint of the
cheeks and throat and the absence of any loral streak ; the upper
parts arc, moreover, of an almost uniform brown, with hardly any
signs of bars on the pinions " ( Yar^tM).
Ilah. PalacarotioRegion.breeding in thecolder regions from Iceland
to Kamtechatka, wintering in ihe more sonthcm latitudes, in Africa
as tar as Madeira and Abysunia, in Perua, in Northern India,
Burma, Chins, Japan, Borneo, aud i
>»% "
I
I
Uarshall Islands; also
qaoDtly in Alaska ; it straggle
a. 4 imin. ak. No locality,
h,t. J mA. St imm. Great Brila
rf. (f ad. «k. Orkneys,
»,/. rf 2 »d. Bk.
g, 1mm. sk.
k. $ juT. sk.
t. ,; ad. St.
straggler
I East«m North America, fre-
o California.
Sulht-rland, June.
St. AncJrcw's, Fifeehlre (S.
O. W. R.).
R. Oarrtjn, Stirlingshire, Jan.
{J. A. Harrit-Brolcn).
Llandilo, Wales.
U. J. Elwes, Esq.
CoVlrbT & Capt.
Reid [^].
Twaeddale Coll.
Tweuddale Coll.
it, I. (f $ ad. sk.
m. $ imm.Bk.
n. $ ad. Bt
0. <f inun. ak.
q. 5*Lm: ak.
r. cf ad. sk.
', t, w. ^ 2 ad. sk.
et cf ioini- ak.
c, w. (f ad. ak.
■r, y, t. <J ad. et
imm. sk.
a'. (J imm. ak.
6'. iS ad. ak.
^, a, «■. <J e ad.
at (T juT. ak.
/*. JuT.ak.
S', h'. (J ad. ak.
.'. e juT. ak.
V, f. (J ad. ak.
!»', >•'. rf ? ad. ak.
o'. $ ad. sk.
p") ?'■ <J S imm.
ak.
j^, <". rf ad. et J
H'. cf ad. ak.
Camliridse Market.
Wella. Norfolk, Jan.
Berkahire.
I. of Orain.
Bedgebury Parit, Kent, Nor.
AddWton, Sumy, Feb.
Christeburch, Hanta, Sept
BevoDshire.
SalTin-Godman ColL
E. DcMlaoii,£8q.[P.l
W.Bri™,Eaq.tC.].
Tweeddale CoU.
Oould Coll.
Colonel Irby.
Baron A. von Hiurel
[P.].
Mouta^ CoQ.
AicachoD, Fnmce, Not. (B. Seebohm Coll.
o.sx
Egypt, Feb. (0. E. A). SheUey CoU.
Meeopotamia (Jona).
Babylon (Jont*).
Bagdad.
Fao, Persian Gulf, Oct
Narimskaja, Ob, Sept
Lob-nor, Feb. IFrievaltku).
". , of the y "
Siberia, lat <
(U.S.).
Lake Balkash, Aug.
Bala Morghab, Jan. (Aitehi-
Kftndabar, Jan., Feb.
India Muaeum [P.l
India Museum [P.].
Kenneth Loftua,
C. Chevalier, aq.
[P.! ^
W. D. Cunmung,
Eeq.p-.].
Dr. O. FinBcb [C].
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm ColL
^y
:10. lUKEca. 233 ^^|
^M <r. s od. 8k.
N^pal. B. 11. Hod»on, F^. ^H
[P.]. (fypeof ^m
Ana» aliie^m, ^odgs.) ^^1
Native Sikhim, April, Oct. Uume Coll. ^^M
•;/•. rf .d. .t s
iiin.Ji.
(£. .Vanrfc/fi'l. ^^H
J". SjUT.dL
Manipur, Moit^h (^ 0. tf.). Hume Coll. ^^M
A>. cf ad. ek.
Calcutta, March. Hume Coll. ^^M
■ 1% **. (j S ad. «k.
Cyna. J. R. ReeTCS, Esq. ^^|
Shanghai, China, March. F. Webb, Eaq.fP.l ^H
Rhanirhai, March (JC. Swtn. Seebohm CoU: ^H
Shaaghai, Nov. F. W. Stjan, Eaq. ^H
Tftkow, Formosa, Dec. (A «.). Seebohm CoU. ^^H
H ^ cf imm. ek.
■ «■,»■. c!S.d.,k.
■ ,{ad.ik.
H ]>'. d imm. «k.
H e'. i»ji"-."k.
^B f'. ^iur.ak.
■ .-.Si^di.
Jamn. Twee<tdHle Coll. ^H
^F ''>"'■ (J nd.et $
Yokohama, Jnpan <H. Seebohm Coll. ^H
lnm.dc.
iVO. ^H
a'.w'.(J5juT.Bk.
Nagasaki, Japan. March. F. Rin^r, Esq. [P.]. ^H
HaJiodadi, Jnpan. Not. Seebahm CoU. ^H
a'. 5 imn.V
»■. S Imm. d..
Chichi-sy ma, Qonia la., Oct. Seebohm CoU. ^^M
(P. A. Jfoht). ^^M
H ••. $ jar. dc.
Bintulti. Boroeo. Purchaud. ^^M
■ riki?:,;,;'-
^B o*. $ skeleton.
NewfoimtUand. H. Keeks, Esq. [P.], ^H
Zool. Sor. ^H
«r, (T*. Imperfect
NepaL fi. H. HodgaoD, Esq. ^H
^1
/'-#■. Sterna.
*', r. Sknll*.
UtBKID. ^^H
Marec'i penelujt X Amis I'Oteot ? ^^^|
m'. Ad. St.
Great Drilam. lion. Grantle; ^^H
Berkeley LP.1. ^M
2. Hareca americana. ^H
Canud Jeosea de la LouisinDe, DUub^nf. P/. £>il. 0A5 ; £u# ^H
Hut. Nat. Oil. U. p. 174 (1783). ^H
Anerioin Wiin«n,iVnn.^fY'(.ZW.ii.p.667,ti.502(178.')); £(itt. ^^|
^K iii- 3. P
r>20.n.<U>ri785). ^^
ABM amwicau^ ^m. & N. i. 2, p. 526, n, 07 (1788) : Lath. Ind. ^H
Onu ii. p. 861, n. 74 (1700) ; Wih. Am. On,. Tiii. p. «6, pi 60. ^H
t 1 (1814):
rj«i^..V.i>.v.n,131 nnm : Dum. Diet. Se. Nat. vi. ^^M
p. 380 (1817)1 Bp. 0I>$. Naminrl. WiU. n. 629 {183S) ; id. Sun. p. !»4 ^H
(1828): £<»*. Tr. d-Ora. p. tiS4 (Jamaica, Port« Rico) (1831); ^H
JV««.Jtf«B.
M.p..'W0(Hii34); Aud. Om. fliwr. iv. p. 3.17, pi. 34fl ^H
S^m. p. 370 (1830) 1 ZfOri. m £o Sjj™. fft**. Nal. ^H
(1838) ; id.
Otta,0M.p
203(1840); .rlunC. Zf. .Im. vi. p. 250, pi. 389 (1843); ^^M
Br. B. m. p. 106 (184-3) : Giraad, B. iona 1,1. p. 806 ^H
r«r. Bui.
(1*44) i SfcAiy. .RfP. Cnt. p, cii*- (1844) ; BtKay. N. V. Zoot. ii. ^H
p.346(1844)i SrW-'.7.M<«.P.-fi.,Aa»erc«,p. 4.5 (1866); Sumfcir. ^H
(^. £. Vet-Ak. Farh. 1809, p. 603 (Porto Rico) ; Oieb. The*. ^H
Om. i. p. 344 (1872) ; Firuch, Abh. Bnm. Ver. iii. p. 66 (Ala»l»)
(1872) ; Adamt, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 431 (Michakaki) ; Turner, Auk,
1886, p. 158 (Nearer Isknds) ; Seebh. Hid. Br. B. iii. p. 543, pL 63
(ere) (1885) ; A. O. U. Oteck-lut N. Am. B. p. 116,n. 187 (1886) ;
Turner, Contr. Nat. Hitt. Altuka, p. 131 (1886) ; Neb. Nat. Sitt.
CoU. Altuka, p. 68 (1887) ; Bidi/a. Man. N. Am. B. p. 96 (1887) ;
Sartert, Eat. VogeUamml. p. 230 (1801) ; Hatch, B. of Mame*.
■a. 43 (1892); Chajm. Bull. Am. Miu. N. S. 1894, p. 83
(Trinidad).
Anas wigeon, Bonn. Ene. MHk. i. p. 120, pi. 33. f. 4 (1790).
Mareca americana, Stepk. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 135 (1824) ; Sw. j* Ekh.
liiam Bor.-Am. ii. p. 445 (1831) ; Bp. Comp. List, p. 66 (1838) ;
Eyt. Mm. Anat. p. 116 (1838); Blyth, Naturalitt, iii, p. 417
(England) (1838) ; HartL Verz. Get. Mia.-a. 118 (1844) ; G. R. Gr.
lAa B. Brit. Mu3. iii. p. 134 (1844) ; id. Gat. B. m. p. 614, n. 2
(1845) i TTtompi. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. 1845, p. 310 (Ireland) ;
Rchnb. Syn. Av., Natatores , t. &2. ff. 159-101 (1845) : Benny, P.Z.S.
1847, p. 40 ; Gosee, B. Jam. p. 408 (1847) ; MacgiU. Hitt. Br. B.
V. p. 90 (England) (1852) ; Baird, Starubury't Bep. p. 822 (1852) ;
Woodh. Sitgr. Sep. p. 102 (1853) ; Bp. Compt. Bend, xsiviii. p. 664
(1854), iliii. p. 660, n. 118 (185C) ; Cab. ^ Gundl. J.f. 0. 1857,
p. 227 (Cuba) ; Neiob. P. It. R. Sep. vi p. 102 (1857) ; Com. U.S.
£ipl. Exp., Mamm. $ On. p. 342 (1858) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 783
(1868) ; id. Vat. N. Am. B. n. 685 (1869) ; id. Mex. Bound. Sun.
ii. Birds, p. 27 (1859) ; Heerm. P. R. S. Rep. x. pt. vi. p. 68 (1869) :
Sclat. ^ Salv. Ibis,l859, p. 231 (Guatemala) i Murr. Edinb. N. Fkilot.
Joum. 1859, p. 229 (Hudson Bay) ; Co<y>. ff Suckl. N. H. WatA.
Tar. p. 266 (1860) ; Newt. J6w, lHC0,p.3O8 (St. ThomM) ; Brewter,
Pr. Bolt. Soc. N. H. vii. p. 308 (Cuba) (1800) ; Gun^. J.f. 0. 1861,
p. 344 ; Boat, Cmad. Nat. April 1802 (Mackenzie) ; Verr. Pr. Eg*.
Inst. iii. p. 158 (1862) ; Hayd. Sep. 1862, p. 176; Alh-. J.f. 0.
1862, p. 207 (Jamaica) ; Blak. Ibie, 1863, p. 147 (Brit. N. Am.) ;
G.S.Gr." ■ " " ■"" .. . - . T,,.,., ,^.
p, 71 (JaD
186.5, I ■
r. Cat. Br. B. p. 192 (1863) ; March. Pr. Ac. PhUad. 1864,
A. Neirt. P. Z. S. ISari, p. 2.56 (egg) ; iSah: Ibi',
30. UAKrcA. 235
fl,, B., 4" R. Wata-Birda N. Am. i. [>. 520 (1884) ; Coua, Key
N. Am. B. 3nd ed- p. 6SH (11*841 ; TarreU, Sitt. Br. B. (SflujuJ.
td.) iv. p. 403 (18S4-86) ; Nfhrl. J./. O. 1885, p. 146 (lUinois) ;
MatieA. ^ Ziemer, ibid. p. 191 ; St^. BuU. U.S. Nat. Mu*. no. S9,
p. 1S6 (Beriw Isl.) (1885) ; Cory, List Bird, W. Ind. p. 31 (1885) ;
aieJH. Buil. U.S. A'at, Mut. no, 29, p. 158 (BerinK 1.) (1885) ; id.
Pr. U. S. Nat. Mut. x. p. 13B (Boriug 1.) (1887) ; Cory.An/c, 1888,
S68 (W. Indies) ; id. B. W. Ind. p. 364 (1889) : Tfutr. Cat. OM.
. p. 60 (18801 ; Sounder*, Man. Brit. B. p. 427 (1689) ; Sharp*.
, .Cat. Otteol. ^ccim. R. CbU. Surg. iii. p. 803 (1891).
Abu (Bowhu) Americuia, Hult. Mm. ii. p. 388 (1884).
■-"SUric* wneriewia, Sw. Clau. B. ii. p. 360 (1837).
Cluii]elasmuBainE'ricanus,£Mf.A'(tmrac;...Jr. p. 103(Mexico)(1854}.
Maieca peoelope, S. americann, Btat. Utl B. hir. p. 21 (1862).
Aau (Mareca) americana, Rehnw. Om. CentralbL l88i!, p, 20.
Adult male. Forehead and top of the bead whitish, almost
immacnlate ; aides of the head and ueck dull whitidh, speckled with
black ; behind the eyes a dork pat«h, tbickij speckled with metallic
gteoD ; mantle, Bcnpulara, b,-ick, And median npper tail-eorerU grey,
more or less tinted with reddish, fbiely nndulatcd with black ; romp
almost black ; out^r -ahA longer upjier tail'feathcrs blnck ; upper
breast and aides reddiah Tinaceous, the Iatti;r uiidulat«d with black :
lower breast and abdomen white ; under tail-corerts Telvety black :
upper wing-coverts white, but those uear the bend of the wing dark
grey ; primaries and prim arj- -covert s dusky, the former with the
inner web paler ; secondaries black, some of tbo inner ones glossed
with green, forming a black and green speculum ; the longest upper
iring-coverta arc broadly tipped with black ; outer tertial whitish
grey on the outer web, the inner ones verj- long, acuminate, dusky
grey on the inner web, velvety black, edged with white on the outer
web : under wing-corerts grey : sxillatics white ; tail dusky black :
•• bill light grej-ish blue, the end black ; iris brown ; legs and feet
light bluiah " i^Kidgwaii). Total length 18-21 inches, wing lO-liS-
10-75, tail 4-5, culmeii 1-30-1-50. tarsus 1-50.
Advlt femalt- ytsTj similar to the female of M. penelope, but the
head and ntick much whiter, the light part of tbo feathers being
whitish iiOlead of reddish brown.
Fottny malt. Similar to the adult female, but the colours more
pronooDCed and the pattern better dehnod, especially on the wings
(mdfftmii).
Tbutig in douti. " Above dark olive with a sopia tinge ; a spot of
pale greenish fulvous on the posterior half of the wing, one on each
•ide of the back, and one on each side of the rump ; lower parts,
LDctuding head and neck, pale fulvous ; a distinct blackish-olive
Stripe from the bill to and back from the eye, with a wide and
a superciliary stripe of fulvous above it " (Ridtjwny ).
. Korth America, from the Arctic Ocean to Guatemala, and
Jly tho West Indies.
•ar^ad-rt.
No locality.
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].
e. 2 «i. St.
N. America.
Audubon Coil.
«.cf ad.ik.
N. America.
H. J. Elwes, Esq. [P.].
d. ,f juT. ak.
e. (f ad. at.
^, o- A. (J ad, et (J
Juv.sk.
t. $ ad.Bk.
A, 1 (f Bd. et jut.
■k.
m. It, 0. J ad. «t (J
0, 7 . cf ad. et $
juT. sk.
r. (f ad. ak.
fc S im^. sk.
c. (^ ad. ak.
•P-u'. rf ad. et cJ
■juv. ak.
b', o-. <J 2 ad. ak.
<f . (f ad. ak.
N.W, America.
Migsouri Brakes, Mootana,
49tb PuaUd.
British Columbia (/.
Lord).
VaDcouver la,
W. ude of Kocky Mia.
Arctic I«od Exp.
Canada.
[P.].
N.Americi
'',/",/■ (J ad. et
(J $ juv. ak.
A', i", k'. (J ad. et
J juv. sk.
f. S ad. ak.
'■ J jut, ^k.
irfblk, Virginia, Feb. ( W.
SretPtUr).
Chicago, Illinois (Aebon ^
Jeiicki).
Corpus Chrisli, Texas, Not.,
Dec, Jan. (F. B. Arm-
alruny).
Ventura, California, Nov.
Hermoullo, State of SoDora,
Mexico, Dec (F. Ferrari-
Pem).
Presidio, Mexico, Feb.,
March (A. Forrer).
Duenas, Quatemala, Feb. {O.
8.).
Comm. [P.].
N. A inerica Boundai;
Comm. [PJ.
J. K.Lord,aq.|T.].
J.E.Lord,Eiq.|T.].
Sir G. Back [P.].
Oovenunent of
Canada [P.].
SslTin-Oodman Coll.
SalTin-Godman Coll,
Salvin-Godman CoU.
W. B. Dismore, Eaq.
[P.].
Salviu-Oodman ColL
SalTin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Qodman Coll.
30. HiB£CA. 237
Dei Mttri
1853,
(18«) ; HarU. Ind. Az. Aptmt. p. 27, n. 432 (1847) ;
m f?^, Hia. de Oiile, i. p. 447 (1848); HartLNaumc
p. 222 ; fltftra, DenkKhr. Ak. Wifn, r. p. 131 (1853) (ChiU) : irf.
J.f. O. 1855, p. 57 : jBp. aBn;);. Send. lEii. p. 650, n. 120 (1856) ;
Can. U.S. Aitr. Erp. ii. p. 201 (1856) ; Oould, F. Z. S. 1859,
p. 96 (Falklanda) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 380 (Falkl«nds) ; Abbott.
}M, lB«l,p. 160(Falklsads]; F^b. Mfine Nonara, Tlig. p. 138
(1866) ; &iit. P. Z. S. 18G7, p. 335 (Chili) : PAS. Jj- XandS. Cat.
Av. Cha. p. 41 (1808) : Sclat. ^ Sate. P. Z. S. 1969, p. 635 (Rep,
Arg.) i iW. I6{; 1809, p. 284 (Gregory Bav) i £^t. Svn. Armt. p. 00
(iee»); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 6e7'{Zoil. Gftrd.), 1871, p. 700
fZool. Gwd.); O. B. Or. Hand-lla, iu. p. 81, n. 10030 (1871);
Bwrm. P. Z S. 1872, p. 368 (Ar^utnaa) ; Sdal. S( Salv. Ifonvnel.
Av. A'»>trop. p. 130 (1873) ; Hadt. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 108; JJum/.
Oil. 1676, p. 163 (Buenos Avres) ; Milne-Edw. Bech. Fawi. Jtfy.
Auitr. ch. IS. p. 45(1682) : »'A!tf. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 42 (U Plain) ;
Sdat-Ltst Vert.An.etbed.p iS7 il^SS), Sodinm.J.f. 0. 18&>,
p. 21 (Zool. Gart.) ; WitKviijt. Ibti, I&88, p. 471 (Lomss de
Zaiaan); Bvrm.An. ^tu.iViir.J?ui-ji.Ji>.iii. pp. 247.320(1888).
Anae parvirostris, Marr. in Eruh u, Grvb. Enc. aect. i. vol. xxxv.
p. 4;i (1S41).
Smkidiornis aibilatrix, O. Ji. Or. Gm. H. iii. p. 605, n. 3 (1845).
ClULilt^lasmua chiloensia, ImU. Nommd. Av. p. 101 (18.54).
.\na8 (MnrecB) diiloensis, Surm. J./. O. 1860, p. 267 (Mondoia).
Maroea sibilatrin. Sdat. ^ Sak. P. 2. S. 1876, p. 395; lium/. Uit,
1877. p. 41 (Cliuput), p. 192 (Buenos Ayres), 1878, p. 401 (Central
Pata^nia) ; ficiul. 4f SaU. P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 436 (EliMbeth !.);
Selat. P. Z. S. im), p. ol4 ; Sclat. ^ &Jv. fotj. Chatl., Bird»,
p. 107 (1881): .Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 13(Coqmmbo): flairoira,
" k, 1884, p, 274 (B^iia Bfanca) ; S.. B., ^ R. Watrr-Birda N.
^i. p. 517 (1884); BfrlJ. f. 0. 1887. p, 183 (Parmruaj?):
(. Argtnt. Or«. ii. p. 13.") (1880); TrUtr. Cat. Coll. £. p. 60
(1880); fhul.Mm.Sc. CapSorn.yi. Oii.p.SlOiiml); ffJland.
ait, 1992, p. 208 (ArgentiDB) ; Berkeky fatna, Nra Hit ChO. B.
p.9,n. 159(1892).
Altaa (Mareca) sibilatiix, Sehnw. Orii. Centralbl. 1889, p. 20; id.
fag. tool. Oarl. p. 53 (1882).
Ht/hi'idg.
HuMAchiJoenaiayDnlilaspiiiicauda, Selal. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 1002:
id. titt Vrrt. An. 8lh ed. p, 437, spec. ' ' (1883).
AnaocbiloeaeiexA, spimcnuda, Lrterk. J.f. O. 1800, p. 220.
Aitvh male. Forehc:id and fore cheeks wfaito, Temaioder of the
head and neck black ; behind the eyes » glossy greeti K-ind tneotint;
on tbe Dspe : lower nock with black and white ban ; back and
scapnian black, broadly edged with wliite ; lower back and nunp
black ; appcr tail-corerls, brcu^t, and abdomen white ; sides, flanks,
and under tail-coverbt rusty red ; wiug-^overts white, cscept those
Dc«r the bend of the wing, which a.re dosky grey : primaries dusky
black ; tips of the greater wing-corerta and secondaries velve^
black, forming a speculum ; tertlals long and acuminate, black, more
or loH broadly edged with white, especially on the outer web ;
trodor wing-corcrtH greyish, finely powdered with brown ; tail dusky
black: " bill and feet black ; irides chestnut-brown " (jV(«. Taur,).
Total lengtii 20 inches, wing 10-6, tail 4-2, onlmen 1*45,
tarsus 1-55.
Femah. Similar, but oot so bright in colour.
young in doiim. Upper parts brown, with two white spots at the
base of the wings and two on the sides of the rump ; lower parts
wbite j sides of the head bright rufous.
Sab, Southern part of S. America, Chili, Paragaay, Ai^ntine,
Patagonia, Falkland Islands.
I. Ad. sk.
'. ^ ad. sk.
!. a ad. sk.
■. 5 juT. Sk.
n. Ad. sk.
L 2"iram.'Bl
I. $ imm. al
Prov. of Santiago, Chili
(Lri/bold).
Santiago.
Itio Piilmaiquen, March.
Lnke Llanqiie, Not.
I. of C'biloe.
Straits of Magellan.
Coquimbo, June.
Folkkod U. (Leamte).
Fallilaiid Is.
Falltlftnd Is., Not.
Buenos Ajres, June (f.
Wittiington).
Mont« Video (JohtuUm].
Bred in confinement.
Bred in confinement.
%tOD Coll.
Purchased.
SalTiu-Qodman ColL
H. J. Elwea, Esq.
[P-]-
H. Berkeley James,
&q.(P.l.
H. Berkeley James,
Esq. rp.].
H. Berkeley James,
Esq. [P.].
The AdmiraltT [P.].
Voyage of II.M.S.
'Challenger' [P.].
Dr. Coppinger [O.].
Sslyio-Qodman CflL
Tweeddale ColL
Antarctic Exp. [P.].
SclaterColl.
SalTin-Oodman Coll.
H. J. Elwes, Esq.
[P.]. ^
A. _D; Rartlett, Esq.
31. NETTION. 239
b"\ Top of the head chestnut, like the
cheeks; a broad metallic-green band
from the eyes to the occiput.
/>*. No white crescentic band on each
eide of the breast, in front of the
shoulder ; the lower scapulars
yellowish white, broadly edjred on
the outer web with velvety black. . crecca S » P* 243.
c*. A broad crescentic white band on
each side of the breast, in front
of the shoulder ; scapulars with no
white carolinense (5 , p. 260.
b". Head and upper part of the neck dark
metallic green castaneum <5 , p. 252.
b'. Head with no metallic-green colour.
c". A white band anteriorly to the speculum,
formed by the tips of tlie last row of
upper wing-coverts ; this white band
broader anteriorlv and irraduallv dimin-
ishing in breadth posteriorly.
c". Anterior secondaries entirely white:
female similar to the male capenscy p. 259.
</'". Anterior secondaries not entirely
white.
</'. Speculum velvety black, with a longi-
tudinal metallic green band on the
7th, 8th, and iUh secondaries, leav-
ing a black portion also above.
d'. Cheeks dull greyish, finely streaked •
with black; no ring of white
feathers round the eyes; usually
no white edge on the outer web . .„^.^,,.,,„, o « 059
of the first secondary ] Tmi^Jfr^nsl '>rA
e\ Cheeks brown, with indistinct ''' j/cr , ^. ^' ,
darker streaks ; a ring of white
feathers round the eyes ; the first
secondary broadly white on the
outer web Migulare, p. 257.
e*. Speculum entirely velvety black, with
a green lustre in some lights, but
with no metallic-green band bemieriy p. 258.
ti". A narrow cinnamon band at the tip of
the last row of the uppi'r wing-covei-ts ;
head and upper part of neck greyish
brown, thicKiy barred with narrow
black bands : sexes similar.
f'". Speculum velvety black, with a
metallic-green longitudinal band on
the upper part.
y*. Bill yellow, with the culmen black.
p. Smaller, wing 8 to 8'2o inches;
abdomen like the brea.st whitish,
each feather with a subterminal
black spot ; scapulars with large
black spots and narrow rufescent
edges flavirostrcj p. 261.
g'. Larger, wing 870 iucheB ; ab-
domen unspottod, and like the
under lail-coTerU pale myvih
white ; acapulus witb smftU black
spots uidbrond rufeacent edsw. . oryvUrum, f. 262,
o*. Bill whollT dark, without anj ySlow. otx&mi, p. 263.
f . Speculum (ilack, wilb no metallic-
green band gtargicum, p. 264.
6. Upper win^-eoverts not dark grey,
c'. Upper wing--coTerta brassy greeu: size small,
wing 6-20 ioches pinwtatum, p. 2Ci).
rf". Upper wing-coverta velvety black.
e". Axillaries wbite; a white patch or broad
band at the tip of the secondaries bratUitiue, p. 366.
/". Axillaries black ; a white patch above
the tip of the anterior greater wing-
coverta toryuUum, p. 268.
1. Nettiou fonuoBom.
Anaa formoaa, Georgi, lUue Sum. Stick, p. 168 (1775) ; Gm. S. A',
i. 2, p. fi23, n. 92 (1788) ; Zath. Ind. On. ii. p. 876, n. 108 (1790) ;
rieitl. N. D. v. p. 168 (1816) ; Bum. Diet. &. Nat. vi. p. 393
(1817); Hara. Veez. Gu. jtfw. p. 119 (1844); ScAUg. Set. CriL
p. 109 (1844) ; Temm. ^ Schkg. Faun. Jap., Ave*, p. 127, tab. 82 B
(<J),82C (2) (1850); SehUg.Mus. P.-B., Anaorea, p. 54 (1866)
(syn. emend.); Gieb. Tkfs. Om. i. p. 361 (1872) (arn. emend.); Setbh.
Ibis, 1888, p. 361 (Great laakoff I.); Too. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 460
(Corea); Seebh. B. Jap. Emp. p. 244 (1890); id. Ibi», 1892, p. 96
(Tsusiiua); CamfiA. iai'i^. p. 246 (Oorea).
Anaa glociUne, Pail. Act. Stockh. il. pp. 26, 33, 1. 1 (1779) ; Gm.
S. N. i. 2, p. 526, n. 90 (1788) (syn. emend) ; Lath. Ind. Om. ii
p. 862, n. 76 (1790) (sjn. emend.) ; Bonn. Enc. Mtth. i. p. 128,
pi. 3(J. f. 4 (I'SX)|; FaU. Zoogr. So**o-Ai.\\.^. 281 (1811); Bum.
31. NETTlOIf.
241
1880, p, 521 ; Stme ^ Marih. Game B. of Ind. iiL p. 225 (1880) ;
B<Aau,J.f. 0.1881, p. 64; Slak. ^ Pryer, Tr. At. Soe. Jap. x. I.
C-i (I8*Q) i Salt: Cat. B. StrickL Coll. p. 636 (1882) ; Fiori.
. Ansrig. 1S82, p. D4; id. Atti Soc. Natur. di Mod. (■'{) i. p. 4
(1882); OiffL Icon. Avff. Ital. Gp. & tsT. 354 bU (fliic. ui.
1863); ScUU. Litt Vert. An. Sth ed. p. 433 (1883); Sahad. El.
P«. flu/, p. 260(1860); Dorrut, J. f. O. 1888, p. 94 {E.Siberia) :
Trutr. Cat. CoU. B. p. 49 (1689).
Querquedula slocibiiiB, Boie, I$is, 1628, p. 329 ; O. R. Or. Gen. B.
ai. p. 010, n. (S (1&15); Sehnb. fi^ffi. .^r. I. 89. f. 412 ((f) (1845).
t. 90. ff, 2338-10 (1850) ; Bb/th, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 305.
u. 1779 (Lower Bengnl) (1849) ; LuJtt. Nomettd. Av. p. 102
(1854) ; Sipini. Jbit, 1861, p. 344, 1603, p. 434 (FonsoHa); Jtrd.
a «/ind.ui. p. 808(18e4); Hvt.iSun.Anat. -0.74 (vait.) (1809);
Syb. J./. O. 18:S, p. 109; Taa. J. f. O. 1874, p. 337, 1875,
p. 257; id. BuU. Soe. Zool. Fr. u. p, 45 (1877) ; iTuTBc, Sir.
Fsath. idii. pp. 412, 494 (1679) ; Hmte ^ Manh. Gamr B. oflnd.
iii. pi. 29 (1880); Jtj/b. ^ Taa. BuU. Soe. Zool. /V. ix. p. U7
(EuDtscliatka) (1684).
Abs8 perpulchra, Tarr. Sepori of Coune. Z. & 1831, p. 22.
Anas (BoMbaa) formoaa, Sic. Jovm. of the Boy. Imt. ofGr. Brit. ii.
p. 21 (1831).
A&u cucuUftta. Fitcher, BuU. Soe. Nat. Motam, iii. p, 279 (Petto-
p«il«ki) (1831); id. AWo. Mtm. Soc. Jfat. Moieou, iii. p. Ill,
pi. ix. (18.54) : Gieb. Thes. Om. i. p. 349 (1872) ; (qf. Stmn. Pr.
V.S. Nat. Mut. I. p. 136, note, 188/).
Aoas (Anas) clociUns, Brandt, Drtcr. el Icon. An. Rott. Noe. Uae. i.
p. 28, I. 4 (1830).
Dafila? ciicullata, O. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 615, D. 3 (1845) (e.i'
Pucker).
Gnnelta fonnoso, Jl^. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 650, a. 109 (1860);
Swinh. P. Z. 8. 1871, p. 418 (China) ; G. R. Gr. Sand4itt, iii.
p. 84, n. 10672 (1871) ; Sminh. IbiM, 1873, p. 368, 1875, p. 137
(Chefoo); id. Ibi*. 1877, p. 147 (Japan); Damd % Oiul. Ois.
CImie, p. 503 (1877) ; Seebh. IbU, 1884, p. 270 (C. China) ; Sl^i.
Pr. U.S. Nat. Mui. i. p. 130 (u..>to) (1867); Styan, IbU, 1801,
pp. 328, i9(7\ Dela Touehe. Ibis, 1892, p. 492,
D«ma acuta, a. cucullaU, Bp. Covipt. Rend, xlili. p. 650 (1850)
(hybrid!).
Anas fQuerqaeduU) fomiosa, Gerbe, Rev. et Mag. de Zool, 1854,
pl. 3 (Fmnce) ; Rchnw. Om. Centralbt. 1882, p. 20; id. Viig. sooi.
<^r(. p. 54(1882).
Adu (Qneraiiedula) glocitans, ScArenek, Vih. d. Amur-land, p. 474
(1860) 1 Radde. Reis. m 8. 0.-8ibir. ii. p. 368 (1863).
Ail formo«a, " Brandt;' Stvinh. lbi». imf, p. 394.
Ail ^otuUna, Sim'nA. Ibii, 1667, p. 409.
Qnerauedula bini&culata, FrilacK (nee caet.), Fog. Eur. p. 418,
T»f.47.r.7(cf),f.ll(2) (1870).
EoneUa glodtana, Ptjen. in Rowl, Om. Miee, iii. p. 105 (Mcmgolia)
(1878).
Netdoo formom, Oigl. Aoif. Ital. p. 312, n. 302 (1886).
Bybrid.
Ados formomiXA. penelope, Kemp. Mtm. Soc. Zool. Fr. ijL p, 112
(1880); Leoerk.J f. 0. 1890, p. 230.
jidfiU maie. Crovs of the head, back of tbo nock, entire throat.
242 ixaax.
And a band extending from the eve aorosg the face to the throtit,
black ; face and neck on the ndes and under the throat boff,
the boff parts margined narrowly with white ; also the black
«rown from behind the eye is bordered on each side with a white
band which ihob down the eidee of the black nape, and epreads
OD the sides of the neok ; from behind the eye a broad glossy
green band of a creEcentio shape passes along the ndes of Uie
head and inferiorly changes into black, between the bnff colour
aateriorly and white band posteriorly ; back and scspnlars gi^i
somewhat tinged with brown, minntely vermiculated with black ;
the inner scapalars elongated, lanceolate, on the outer web black,
edged with cinnnamon, gilky bnff, edged with brown on the iuner
web ; lower back and rump greyish brown ; the upper tail-corerta
brown, edged with rufous ; lower neck and upper breast vinous,
marked with small oval black spots ; on the sides of the breast, just
before the bend of the wing, a crescentio white band ; lower breast and
belly wMt« ; flanks grey, minutely venniculated with black ; under
taiI-covert» black, but marked witii bay on the sides, the longer ones
whitish buff at the tip, with slight vermiculatiDn ; on the lower flanks,
just at the base of the tail a band of silky white, formed by the tip of
the feathers; wings pale greyish brown ; the last row of the upper
wing-coverts tipped with cinnamon, forming a band which borders
anteriorly the wing-Bpeculum : the latter is glossy green anteriorly,
with a snbapical velvety black band, and bordered by a white band at
the tJp of the secondaries ; the longer tertials marked with velvety
black on the outer web ; quilla pale brown ; under wing-covcrts
brown-grey, the greater ones pale grey, the central ones and the
azQlariee whitish, minutely spotted with brown-grey : bill dark bluish
brown ; feet light greyish blue, darker on the web ; iridea chestnut-
brown. Total length 18 inches, wing 8-6, tail 4*2, cnlmen 1-5,
tarsus 1
/, f. x3 ad. sk. et ChinA.
«.
A, L cf S Md. sk. Chioft,
Jt (f td. ale. China (.7\(c&t«).
A"".*, rf 2ad.ak, Pa-Chow, Ichang, Pec
d. S >d. 8H. Shau(;hai, March (£. Su
/>. (J ad. tk. Amor, China, Jan. {R. S
P-*. (f 2ad.Mrf
juT. sk.
d*. ,5 ad. sk.
A", rf ad. ek.
<f,>f. rfad.ak.
■'. 9 akeletOD.
YokohaniH, Japan | ff
Nagasak], Japan, Dec.-Jait.
Awomeri, Japan, April.
Kobo t^P), Jm. (A Chap.
Kechi Tillage, Tau-ahima
(i*. A. HoU).
J.R. Reevee,E3q. [P.].
lluiueColl.
Twwddal« Coll.
C. Pratt, Em. [C.}
S«;bohm Coll.
.Sefllmhm Coll.
C. W. Campbell, Esq.
[P.]. ^
Seebohm Coll.
F. Ringer, Eaq. [P.].
Seebobm CoU.
Zool. Soc,
■ NettioiL crecca.
TheTeoL
Quenjuedula minor. Brut. Om. vi. n. 438, t. xl. f. 1 (1760).
Aiia« crecia {errorf ?), Linn. Famt. Suec. p. 45, n. 129 (17B1).
Anas necca, Lim. S. N. i. p. 204, n. 33 (1706); Om. 8. X. I a,
p. ra2, n. 33 (1788) ; Latk. Ind. On. ii. p. B72, n. 100 (1790) ;
Smn. Enc. Mlth. i. p. 154 (1791) ; Lath. Tr. Linn. Soe. iv. p. 106,
pi. xiii. t 1 (trachea) (1798) ; Fall. Zoogr. Roiao-Ai. ii. p. 263
(Kurite I. and Kanitschatka) (1811) ; Trmm. Man. p. 547 (1815) ;
I'm*. A'. D. V. p. 173(1816) ; Bum. Diet. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 390( 1817) ;
Ttmm. Man. 2nd ed. iL p. 646 (1820) ; Licht. Ferx. Douit. p. 84
(1823) 1 Plm. Brit. An. p. 125 (1828); KiUl. Jm, 18*29, p. 529
(Kamtachalka) ; Frankl. P. Z. 8. 1831, p. 123; Sari, Om. To$e.
tU. p. 148 (1831); Hrehnt, Vog. Dndnclil. p. 684 (1831); MitUtr.
(3«t Sait. Caue. p. 57 (Cnapian) (1832) ; Jm. Man, p. 235 (1835) ;
Tunm. Man. 2nd ed, iv. p. 639 (1840) ; Seyt. ^ Slat. Wir6m.
Bur. pp. IxxxT, 227 (1840) ; Sffyi-L., Faun. Belff. i. p. 142 (1842);
Stam. V6g. DmttcU. ». p. 701, t. 804 (1842) ; SMeff. Sec. CriC
V. ciiii (1844) 1 Marti. IVs. Om. Mm. p. 119 (1844) ; Ikgt. Om.
iSW. ii. p. 438 (1849) ; Temm. * SeAlfo. /aim. Jan., Am, p. 127
(18o0) ; Hare. F. Z. 8. 1861, p. 146 (Madein) ; Midd. Sihir. Beit.
ii, p. 230 (1853) ; Wallengr. Naumannia, 18-54, p. 273 (Scandi-
navia) ; Bo&, J. f. O. 1655, p. 17« (Cannriea) ; KUa. Ihnhr. ii.
p. 292 (1858) : Sieinh. P. Z. & 1W3, p. 324 (China) ; Jerd. B. of
Ind. iti. p. 806 (1864); Siainh. Ibu, I860, p. 347 (Formosa);
Oddm. Ru, 1866, p. 102 (Axoies) ; &A^. Mat. P.-B., Ansejwa,
SGS (part.) (1866) ; Tritir. Ibi*, 1868, p. 338 (Palestine);
Yttm. PuU»Ph. Uuur. n. 203 (1867-60) : Dyb. ^ Parr. J.f. 0. 1868,
p. 368 (Dauria); Dr«tlf, Vogtbo. Borfcmm. p. 280 (1868) ; SwitUi.
nit, 1870, p. 3fllJ (Usinanl: Oum. 2hii, 1871, p. 209 (Algeria);
Sauhd. ituLp. 396 (S. Spain) ; GicA. Thet. Om. i. p, 349 (1872) ;
Swerti. TVfert. JirotB. p. 70 a873); Bli/Ui, B. uf Burma, p. 166
(lS75)i Blakut. Ibit, \SJQ, p. 335 (Kamtadiatka) ; Legne, B. of
Ceyl p. 1083 (1 m>) ; 8caUg, Ibii, 1881, p. 503 (Oilfnt) ; ScveriB
A&, 1883, p. 76 (Pamii Rai^) ; Triitr. Faan. 4- f^- °f PaU»U
r2
J
p 116 (1884) ; Seebh. Hat. Brit. B. iii. p. 646, pi. 66 (egg) (1885) ;
*" ■, Contr. N. B. Altuka, p. 132 (Atth* I.) (1886) ; A. O. U.
Ch^k4ut N. Am. B. p. 116 (If
(1887) ; Seebh. B. Jap. Emp. p. 244 (1890) ; Bchnvi.
E.82: Hartrrt, ^d. Vogdtamml. ■d. ""' '■" ■" "
ScuUy, J. A. S. B. W. p. 8
—')) ; lUhny!. J. f. O. 1890,
(l«il); Brandt, J. f.O.
1891, p. 267 (Sitlia.).
Aastra querqueduls minore, Ger. Star, degli Ucc t. tt. 696, 697
(jouni), 698 M ad.) (1776).
PeSto Sarcelle, D'Avbenf. PL Etd. 947 ; B%iff. Bi»t. Nat. Ou. ix.
p. 265, pis. 17,18(1783).
Comman Teal, Lath. &pi. iii. 2, p. 651, a. 88 (1786).
Querquedula creccA, Stepi. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 146 (1824) ; Bote,
Itit, 1828, p. 329; Syicai, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 169, n. 222 (IndiB) ;
Stridd. P. Z. S. 1836, p. 102 (Smyrna) ; Qould, B. Ear. p. 362
(1837) ; Bp. Comp. Liit, p. 57 (1838) ; Eyt. Mon. Aiwt.. p. 123,
pi. 8. ff. 1, 2 (anatomv), pi. 10 (skeleton and trachea) (1838);
Macgill. Matt. ii. p. 167 (1842) ; O. S. Gr. Lilt B. Brit. Jtfa*. iii.
p. 137 (1844) ; id. Gm. B. iii. p. 616, n. 1 (184f>) ; SUpp. Syit.
Ueberi. p. 138, n. 494 (Red Sea) (1845); Bchnb. Syn. As.,
Natatores, t. 89. ff. 186-187 (1846) ; G.S.Gr. Cat. Sodgs. Coil.
B. M. p. 146 (Nepal) (1846); Blyth, Cat. B. Mug. A. S. B.
p. 305, n. 1780 (India) (1840); Bclmb. Ae. iSyit. Nat. p. ii
(1852) ; Etlaart, Prodr. Cat. p. 136 (Cejlon) (1864) ; Lauard, Aim.
4- Mag. N. H. xiv. p. 269 (1864) ; Licht. N<m. Av. p. 102 (Arabia)
(1864); BoUe, J. f. O. 1856, p. 314 (Spwn) ; Bp. Compt. Rend.
riiii. p. 660, n. 94 (1856) ; Brandt, NoAt. Ural etc. p. 70 (1860) ;
Adarru, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 610 ; Trittr. Ibii, 1860, p. 81 ; Swinh.
Jbit, 1861, p. 345 (China), 1863, p. 434 (Fonnoea) ; Jerd. B. of
Ind. iii. p. 806 (1864) ; Gould, B. Gr. Brit. t. pi. 16 (1866) ;
xr_. 71..'. loflR - tm II? i._." "T. .. . — .• .-„>. i.~-
Mor», Ibu, 1866, p. 443 (England) ; Wkitdy, Ibu, 1867, i
(Hakodaki); 1)^1. ^ Gerbe, &n. Eur. u. p. 621 (1867); '
207
Ibi», 1867, p. 399 (Amor) ; Byt. Sun. Anat. p. 75 (1869) ; Elv>. ^
BuekL Ibit, 1870, p, 540 ; Blar/. Geol. and Zool. Abyu. p. 438
(1870) ; Fiiuch, Tr. Zool. Soc. vii. p. 329 (1S70) ; SAarpe ^ Drttt.
B. Eur. vi. p. 97. pi. i-26 (pi. I, 1871) ; SicfWi. P. Z. «. 1871,
31. HETnos.
24S
n. 7U (1882) ; Onlfi, Sfr. FialA. x. p. 24C (Pepru) (1662) ; id. B.
of Brit. Sun,,, n. p. 28.^ (1883); B. 0. U. Lid Brit. B. p. 137
0^83); &&£. Zm( Hut -/4H. 8th ed. p. 433(1883); Tacx. Bull. Soc.
Zooi. ^. viii. p. 343 (1883); Blakuit. Cinf«mtA. 1883, p. 37 ; td.
AmeTuL Ziat B. Ji^. p. 9 (1H84) ; Saltxid. Ann. Mitt. Civ. Gen.
<3) L p, 24fi (Shua) (1884) ; find*-, Oma Qmetu. p. 467 (1884) ;
%*. * Taa. BuB. Soe. Zool. Fr. \x. p. 147 (ConimMider Id.)
(1884); Madar. ZaUehr. d. get. Om. i. p. 38 (1884); Saund.
TarrtWi Bttt. BrU. B. iv. p. 38 (1984-85) ; Keriury, I6i*, 1686,
S22 (Aden) ; Salvad. El. tec Ital. p. 361 (1S86) ; Sculfy. J. A.
B. Ivi p. 88 ( 1887) ; Tail, IbU, 1887, p. 376 (Porlug*!) ; LUf.
Col. Fig. Brit. B. pt. Tiii. pi — (188S) ; Soivad. Ann. Mm. Civ.
Oct. (2) vi. p. 331 (Shoft) (1888); Saivad. ^ GigL Meni. R. Ac.
JSe. Tor. (2) ™U. p. 131 {Jspan) (1888) ; S*w«, Tr. Linn. &c
(Si Zool. T. p. 91 (1889); Tristr. Cat CWi. k p. 40 (1889) ;
Mtyrr, Abhild. Vaffti-Slitl. pt. xii. pL cxiv. (1889); Sautden, Man.
Bnt. B. p. 419 (1889); Eeant, Ibu, 1891, p. 72 (ineubatioti) ;
Bkarpf. See. Tark. Mis*., Aim, p. 130 (1891) ; Arriff dtglt Oddi.
AUtSoc. Vau-Tt-aU. Se. Jrti(. iii. pp. 142-144 (var.) (1891); De
la Tout*e, Ibit, 1893, p. 401 (China); Dub. Fam. Vert. BeU/.,
Oil. ii. p. 452, pi. 256 (1893) ; Bai^tt, Ibit, 1893, p. 174 (Aden) ;
Mfode- Waldo, Ibii, 1893, p. 199 (Canaries) ; Prart. ^ Bidw. Ibis,
1894, p. 232 (N. Noni-ay) ; Oatt. Oit. Turkeil. etc. (JVow. Arch.
Mai. (3) vi. Exlr. p. 98, 1894).
Netti'in creccii, Kaup, Naturi Sj/it. p. 95 (1829) ; Saird, B. N. Am.
S778 (1658) ; id. Cat. X. Am. B. a. 580 (18S9) ; Couet, Pr. Ac.
kilad. 1861. p. 238 (Labnulor) ; Blakiit. ii«, 18(12, p. 332 (JI.
J»p«n) i G. B. Gr. Cat. Hodgt. CM. B. M. Sod ed. p. 77 (1863) ;
Later. Ann. Imc. N. Y. viii. p. 297 (1807) ; Coaa, Pr. Ett. Irttl.
V. p. 298 (IftB) ; G. B. Gr. Hand^i4t, iii. p. 8.t, n. 10661
(1871) i Sttnd. Meth. nat. Av. dim. T<mt. p. 147 (1872) ; Ridgw.
Nom. N. Am. B. n. Ull (1881) ; B., B., ^ R. Watei^B. N.
Am. ii. p. 7 (1881) ; Sttjn. BaU. U.S. Xat. Mnu. no. 29, p. 165
(Bering r.,KamWchtttka)t 1885); id. Pr. U.S. Nat.MM.i.^.3,%1
(Lw-t-hoo I.) (1887); id. ZriUehr. ffe*. Om. iv. p, 169 (Loo-
choo I.) (1887) ; Ridgw. Man. X. Amer. B. p. 94 (1887).
ijnerquedula subcrocc*. Brrhm, hit, laW. p. 998 ; id. Viig. Deaiaehl.
p. 885 (1831) i id. Voffclf. p. 378 (1855).
Quenjueduk cieawides, Brehm (nee JCiny), iw 1830, p. 908 ; id.
ViM. Dadeekl. p. 886 (1831) : id. Vogelf. p. 370 {18S5).
SarcellerouKe.XeM. Tr.rf'OrTi. p.634, n.74 (1831)(t™ eiiunined);
PufAer. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1^50, p. 637 (lJen^a=^. creeca,
juv,) ; Rartl. J.f. O. 1855, p. 420, n. 3S.
Anas rubens, Leu. (nw Gm.) (ubi ?), fide Bo. Cornnt. Rend, xliii.
p. 660.
BoachaB creccd, Sic. Clattt. B. ii. p. 307 (1837) ; Jerd. Madr. Journ.
xiLp. 220, n. 384(1840).
FAnw grtenUndica, Brehm, Voffclf. b
QuerquMlula creeca, a. rubens, Rp. C
g«la) (1856),
Anaa (Qiiernundula) creeca, Sehrenek, Viig. d. Anmr-Land, p, 474
(1800) ; Radde, RtiM. S. O.-SHnr. ii. p. 367 (1863) ; R-hnn. Om.
Omtram. 16K, p. 20 ; vd. Vih. zool. Giirt. p. 54 (1882).
QnPTqitedula (Netuon) crccca, Coue*, Kea JV, Am. B. ^nd ed. p. 095
(1884).
D«H1«(;) cn-cca, tilejn. Pr. U.S. -Vn(. Mw. x. p. 136 (Commander
ImI.) (i(*8r).
ffybridt.
Kmuukted Duck, Ftmn. Brit. Zool. a. p. 602, pi. C, n. S87 (Eng-
land) (1776) ; Lath. Ssfli. iii. 2, p. 521, n. 66 (paxt.) (1785) ; MotU.
Om. Diet i. (1802); Bewick, Brit. B. a. p. 378 (1804); Pom.
Brit. Zool. Snded. ii. p. 274 (1812); Mont. Om. Did. 2nd ed.
p. 34 (1831) ; Tarr. Brit. B. iu. p. 105, with % {1843) ; Tomta,
Zoofoyuf, 1847, p. 1698; Sdat. P.Z.S. 1860, p. 303( = A. boschas
xQuerqueduIa crecca) ; HatKock, N. H. Tr. Northamb. vi p. 153
(1674) ( = 'Wigeon x Ten!) ; Sound. Yarreirt Hitt. Br. B. iv. p. 386
(1884-86) (=Tealx Wigeon).
AxM> st\MiU.nt, Lath. {neePati.) Gai. Syn. Suppl. i. p. 297 (1787);
Om. & y. i. 2, p. 526, n. 96 (part.) (1788); J^U. N. 1). v.
p. 118 (part) (1816) ; Flem. (ntc Pall.) Brit. An. p. 125 (1828) f
Jen. Man. Brit. Vert. An. p. 232 (1835) ; Zimm. Man. iFOm.
2nd ed. iv. p. 63.1 (1840) ; Yarr. Hiit. Brit. S. 2Dd ed. iii. p. 260
(part.) (1845); Tomat.P.^.S. 1846, p. 121 ; Macff, Hi*t. BrU. B.
V. p. 42 (part.) (185U).
Mareca P glocitanB, St*ph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 140 (1824).
QuerqueduU Rlocitans, Viff. (nee PaU.) Ltnn. Trani. xiv. p. 559
(1826); £jrf. Cat. Brit. B. p. 60 (1836); id. Mm,. Anat. p. 123
(18.18) ; Bp. Omip. Litt, p. 67, n. 414 (1838) ; Macffili. Man. N.
M., Om. u.jp. 168 (1842) ; Eyt. Sip,. Anat. p. 74 (part.) (1869).
Bimaculated Teal, &Wy, fin"(. On., ii. p. 3:il, pla. 56 (tf ),55» (J )
(1833) ; Gould, B. Eur. pi. 863 (1837) ; StdimA. Ibie, 1867, p. 394.
Anas bimacuiata, " Om.,'' Bp. Camp. Litt, p. 67 (in eyn. sp. 414)
(1838) iX.^B. mrbeltk. Eur. p. Ixiir (1840) ; StAleg. Btv. Cnt.
p. cxiii (1844) ; 7omM, £b(%ijt, 1847, p. 1698 (=A. boecbaax
Querguedula crecca); Bp. Bee. Crit. Om. Eiir. p. 103 (1860);
Berkley, Field, 1661, March 16 (=A. boschaaxMarecapenelope);
iVeiof. P. 2. iS. 1861, p. 392(^A.baBchasxQuerquedula cracca);
Jerd. B. oflnd. iii. p. 809 (1864).
Querquedulw himaciilntn, Bp. Cnt. Mi''. Vec Eur. p. 71. n. 437
(1842); G.R. ffi-. r,>n. /y. iii. p. (U6, u. 7 (1845); Bp. llei<. Vrk.
Om. Eur, p. 193 (1850) ; G. K. Gr. Vat. BrU. '
31.
347
Telvet^black, the Interal ones of a buff colour, with a band of bUck
at llie base ; upper wing-coTerta lead-grey, the greater row whitish
baff, darker towards the inner ones ; wing-Bpeculom on tlie secuo-
dariei> velvety bl^ck, with a whit« apical hand on the outer bnlf,
^oesy green on the inner half; the first tertial vclvet-bluck on the
outer web ; primaries and tail-feathers greyish brown, the latter
with [Kile edges ; under wing-coverta grey, edged with white, the
central ones and the oxillaries wholly white : bill nearly black ; iris
hazel ; legs, toea, nai membranes brownish grey. Total length
14-5 inches, wing 7'25, tail 3, cnlmen 1'6, tarsus I'l.
PtmaU: General colour of the upper parts dark brown, each
feather with reddish-brown edges; upper part of the head darker
than the sides, which are whitish, thickly B|>eckle<l with black ; a
blank line behind the eyes ; chin and throat whitish ; tho feathers
of the bock and acapulara with two narrow tronsrerse bars of huffy
brown : undcrparts whitish, with a reddish tinge on the breast.
«ich fc-ither. except those of the belly, with obscure dark ceatres :
wing as in the miUe, but somewhat duller.
Yoviuf in first plumage closely resembles the female, but the
wiDg-coverts have pale edgings, and the dork centres of tho feathers
appear also on the belly.
M-iUt in moulting plumage resemble the adult females.
"Ntstlituf is yollowiBhwhite on tho underparta, huff on the forehead
uid throul ; a dark brown streak from the forehead to the crown,
which, with the upper parts, is brown ; a dark loral streak, and two
other streaks from hetuod the eye to the nape, on each side"
{YamU).
Hah. The Pahcarctic Region, wintering in Northern Africa as
lai MUth as Shoa, in Arabia, Persia, India, Ceylon, Burmah, China,
and Japan ; accidentally in Orconland, and along the Atlantic coast
of North America.
D, A. <f $ ad. St,
c. e ad. sk.
^. $ ML et pull.
Gt. BritaiD.
Gt. Britain-
Kiritwall.
N. Ui«,
Nnimehire, N.f),, March.
St. Andrew's, Fifeahire, Aug.
(fi. fS. W. R.).
R. Edeu, St. Andrew's. Sept.
(H. a. H'. s.).
Garroartheo.
Pembrokeshire.
Merton, Norfolk, May,
Tring, Herts, May.
Avington, Feb. (R. li. I
G. £. SheOq/).
Purchased.
YaneU Coll.
Purchased.
H. J. Elwes, Esq.
n. F. Rose, Esq, [P.]-
Tweeddale Cofl.
Twt-eddale CoU.
Montagu Coll.
Earl of Cawdor [P.].
Lord Walidneham
[P.].
Hon. Walter Roth-
srhild [P.].
R, iSowdler Shorpe,
Esq. [P.].
248
u. J imiiLBk.
p.,; Kd.sk,
V. (S jnv. sic
y. $ ad. tk.
&$Bd.Bk.
a', h; c'. cJ 2 ad.
sk.
^. 9 ad. Hk.
*■,/. 2 ad. sk.
ij'.A'.Sad.flk.
it'. (J luv. sk.
/, m'. cf $ od. ak.
n'. rf ad. Bk.
''.p'.g'-tJSad.
K. ^'ad-ak.
Ljolland, Denmaik, March
(Beimn).
Hungaij, Aug. (C. EJt).
Valencia, Spain, Dec (H.
Scamdert).
Egypt, March ((?. E. S.).
Alexandria, Feb.
Socotra {Balfovr).
Socotra (BaifaKr).
Bondeijohan, Ob R., Sept.
Valley of the Yen-e-Mi^ E,
Siberia, lat. 66}°, Jiuie
(H. S.).
Samarkand, March.
Kashgar {Bditie).
Shahidula, Oct. (Forti/a).
Lodak (SCraoW].
Bola Morghab, Jan. (AitM-
R. Bowdler Sharps,
Hungarian Natitmal
Museum [P.].
Tweeddale UoU.
Tweeddale GolL
H. i. Elwes, Esq.
Shelley OoIL
SheUey CoU.
Shellev Coll.
The Kitish Aasodft-
tion [P.].
KenneUi Lof tus, Esq.
[P.],
Dr. O. Rnach [C.].
SeebohmOoU.
',x^. (J i »d. sk. Enndahai, Dec.
SeebohmColL
India Muaeum [P.y
India MuHenm ^.1.
India Muaeiun [P.J,
Afghan Delimitation
Comm. nPJ.
Lt.-Colonel Swinbos
[pj.
HameColL
31. HBTTION.
249
^-t'. cJ ? ad. 8k.
ik*. $ ad. fik.
m^. c^ ad. sk.
n*, o', ^'. c^ ad. ak,
9*, r». cT 2 ad. ak.
*', t^, 2 ad. ak.
•i'. d ad. ak.
r*, u^. cf $ ad. ak.
X*. $ ad. ak.
y*. 2 ad. ak.
s*. $ ad. ak.
a\ 2 ad. ak.
A*. 2 ad. ak.
c*, dP ad. ak.
d*-h*, d 2 ad. ak.
et c? ad. at.
i\ k*, t*. 2 ad. et
cJ juv. sk.
»»*, »*. c? 2 ad. ak.
o*. 2 ad. sk.
i'S yS r\ c^ 2 ad.
et c? juv. ak.
s*. S ad. ak.
r*. d ad. ak.
w*. 2 ad. ak.
r*. d ad. ak.
IT*. 2 ad. sk.
jr*, y*. 2 ad. ak.
z^. cT ad ak.
fl*. Skeleton.
A'. Skeleton.
c*, d^, <?'. Skeletons
(imperfect).
/*, ^, A\ Skulls.
I* -ft*. Sterna.
o'. Sternum with
shoulder-girdle.
Native Sikhim, March (Z.
Mandelli)
Sikhim.
Daijeeling.
Aasam (McClelland),
Upper Asaam (A, JF, Chen-
neU).
Manipur, March (A. O. H,).
Bengal (Falconer).
Behar.
Calcutta, Feb. (A. O. H.).
Deccan (Sykes).
Tonghoo.
Lower Pegu, Feb.
Nr. Thatone, Dec. ( W. Da-
vison).
Malacca, Dec. (Maingay).
8. Manchuria.
China.
China ( TuckeU).
Kiukiang Canal, China.
Kiukiang, Oct.
Amoy, China, Feb., Nov.
(R. Swinhoe).
Amoy, China, winter (-R.
Swinhoe).
Yezo, Japan.
S. Yezo, Japan, Oct. (Bla-
kiston).
Corea.
Yokohama, Japan (If,
Pnjer).
Nagasaki, Japan, Jan., Nov.
Kechi village, Tsu-shima,
Jan. (P. A. Hoist).
England.
Wiirtemberg.
Nepal.
Hume Coll.
H. J. Elwea, Eaq.
India Museum [P.].
India Museum [P.].
Tweeddale Colt
Hume Coll.
India Museum [P."].
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
Hume Coll.
India Museum [P.].
Tweeddale Coll.
E. W. Oates, Esq.
[C.].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
II. M. James, Esq.
[P.].
J. R. Reeves, Esq.
rp.].
Tweeddale Coll.
Lieut. Da vies [PJ.
F. W. Styan, Esq.
[P.I.
Seebonm Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
C. W. CampbeU, Esq.
[P.l.
Seebonm CoU.
F. Ringer, Esq. [P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Purchased.
Dr. Giinther [P.T.
B. II. Hodgson, Esq.
[P.].
England.
Hybrid.
Nettion crecca x Anas bascas.
T. Ingall, Esq. [P.].
f^f 9'. d 2 ad. ak. Maldon, Essex ( Vigors Coll.), Zoological Society.
(Types of QuerquedtUa glocitans, Vigors.)
3, Nettion carolineiue.
AniM crecca, Vftr., Font. FAi:. Tram. Izii. p. 419 (1772) ; Adamt,
Ibis, 1878, p. 431 (Micbalasbi).
American Teal, Penn. Arct. Zool. ii. p. 500, n. 604 (1786) ; LatA.
Sun. iii. 2, p. 654, n. 90 ( 1786} ; id. Oen. Hitt. x. p. 371 (1824) ;
Sound. Yarrtitt Hixt. Brit. B. iv. p. 381 (1884-66).
Auaa carolineajus, Gm. S. N. i. 3, p. 633, n. 103 (1778); Lath. Ind.
Om. ii. p. 874, n. 101 (1790) ; Dum. Diet. Se. Sat. t». p. 399
(1817); Ari.*&%,/a.Orji.iiLpl.(a:lTi(l836); Avd.Syn.9.2Sl
(1839) ; Vig. Beeeh. Vay., Om. p. 30, pi. xiii. (1839) ; Aud. B. Am.
Ti. p. 281, pi. 392 (1843) ; Giraud, B. Long hi. p. 314 (1844) ;
DeKay, N. T. ZooL ii. p. S40 (1844); Hartl. Verz. Get. Mat.
p. Hi) (1844) i Lemb. As. C<d>. p. 114 (1850) ; Reinh. Vid. Med.
1853, p. 84 (Gieenland) (1854); Wied, J. f. 0. 1859, p. 172;
Beinh. Ibia, 1631, p. 13 ^Qreenlaiid) ; Trippe, iV. £h. Intt. vi.
p. 119 (Minnesot*) (1871) ; Gieb. Thu. Om. i. p. 346 (1872);
&eSA.Hi»(. JnY, .S.iii. p.549(1885); A.O. U. Check- Utt, p. 116,
n. 139 (1886) ; Turner, Contr. N. H. Alatka, p. 132 (Alaska)
(1886) ; Neh. Nat. HUt. Coll. in Alaeka, p. 68 (1887) ; Ridgui. Man.
N. Am. B. p. 94 (1887) ; Satch, B. o/Mmnet. p. 44 (1891).
Anaa americana, Bonn, {nee Gm.) Ene. Mtth. i. p. 155 (1791).
Anaa migratoiia, BaHr. Traixh, p. 295 (1791).
*""i8 ereoca, Witt, (nee Linn.) Am. Om. viiL p. 101, pL 60, f. 1
(1814) ; Bp. Obt. Nomend. Wileon, n. 263 (1825) ; id. Sun. p. 31
(1828); Aud. Om. Biogr. iii. p. 218 (1836), t. p. 616, pL 2!
>) ; Schleg. Mat. P.-B., Anseres, p. 52 (part.) (1866),
Anasaylvfttica, Firttf. iV. D.T.p. 167 (1816).
Querquedula caroliueDus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xu. 2, p. 148 (1834) ;
Bp. Camp. List, p. 67 (1838); But. Man. Anat. p. 124 (1638);
G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mut. iii. p. 187 (1844) ; td. Gen. B. m.
p. 616, n. 2 (184.5) ; Rchnb. Syu. Ai:, Nftlatoraa, t. 89. ff, 183-89
(1815) ; Jard. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. ii. p. 377 (Tobago) (1847) ;
Gofse, B. Jam. y. 408 (1847) : flcinfi. Syn. Av., Nalatoren, t ""
1888, p. 61;
3): TViWr. Cat. Coll.
%. CoU.Surg.m.^SfA
s.-pA
P Querqiiedula sinonciuwi, Brekm, l»it, 1830, p. S98 (deacr. nulla) ;
id. Vog. UeutKht. p. 887 (1831) ; id. Vogelf-^. Srft (1865).
P Quorqiwdula grosnlaodiea, Bnhm, Iti», 1830, p. 998 (deaci. nulla) ;
id. Vbg. BruUchl. p. 887 (iBSlJ.
Anas (Bosdias) crecca, tta., Sw. if SicA. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. pp. 400,
408 (1831).
Boachaa caroUneoHS, Jard. edit, of Wiium, iii. p. IS4 (1832) ; Stc.
aoM.J».ii.p.367(lS3r).
Boachaa crecca aiu«iricaita, Z>mMy, J*. 2. & 1947,p.40.
Nettion carolineiiBis, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 777 (1858) ; id. Mex. B.
Surv. ii. pt. ii. Birdg, p. 26 (1859) : W. Cat. JV. /Im. 5. n, 57U
(18581 ; .Bryimt, iV. Bod. Soe. N. U. vii. p. 122 (BaLamaa) (18-59) ;
Cxw. 4- &wU A', .ff. Waih. Terr. p. 2&i (1860) ( Coue*, Pr. Ac.
fftOad. 1861, p. 236 (Labrador) ; Hayd. Hep. 1862, p. 175 ; Bou,
n 1 «■ J _': _ le.i /nr.n- i-Di/iaiWi. ;j \t,t Wi'j 0...
1£2 (MeKende R.) (1862) ; id. Nat Hid. Sev.
!); DrMitrjIbis, I*«6, p.43(TeiM); Coaet, Pr.
Canad. Xat, tii. t
(3) ii. p. 287 (186:
Aead-TUlad. 1866, p. 98 { Atuodh] ; Gmdl. Srp. Fit.-Xat. Cuba, i.
p. 888 (Cuba) (1866) ; Lawr. Aim. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 287 (1867) ;
l>aU^Bam. Tr. Chic. Ac. i. ji. W(J (Aliwka, breeding) (1869);
atop. U.S. Oeol. Surt. Terr. 18,0, p. 466 (Wj-ominti) ; G. £. Or.
SaKd-litt. iii. p. 83, □. 106G4 (1871); AUen, BuU. ifua. Cimp.
ZfBot. iii. p. 183 (Kansas and Utali ) ( 1872) ; Tripjit, Pr. Ba^. Soe.
K. U. IV. p. 241 (Iowa) (1872); Aikea, ibid. p. 310 (Colorado)
(1672) ; Laar. Mem. Boit. Sx. X. U. ii. p. 314 (Mexico) (1874) ;
GunM. J.f. O. 1875, p. 381 (Cuba); Bidgw. Sam. X. Am. B.
n. eia (1881) i B., k, * B. WiOer-B. N. Am. ii. p. 2 (1884) ;
Nekrl. J.f. O. 1885, p. 147 ; MatfiA. u. Zietiier, ibid. p. 191.
Qoerquedula americatia, Murr. Edinb. Ktv Philot. Joura. is. p. 280
(IffiS).
Nettion earolinenae, Bl^dst. IbU, 1802, p. », 18G3, p. 147 (Brit. N.
Am,); BrirtCTi, /iw, 1868,p. 426{VaQcouvetL).
Qneniiuidula (Nettion) carolmensis, Cuue', Key S. Am. B. p. 695,
f. 462 nBS4).
QueiqueauU cn-cca, Tar, carulioenaiB, Dub. Faun. Vert. Brig., Oit.
ii. p. J53 (1892).
AduU male. Similar to that of &', ereeea, but the whitish tine
wtiidi Eurrounda the green patch on tbo Bidea of the head, and posBes
dawn to tbo base of tbo bill, is almost obBolete ; tbo Boupulars ue
nniform [lolc sinte-grej^, with no white, iind there is a brond whitish
crwcent on each aide of the breast in front of the shoulder.
Female. Appiirently indistingubhable from that of A', crtcra.
Bat. Northern America, from Alaska and Greenland, to Mciico,
Hondorae, and the West Indies ; accidentally in Europe.
It, b. ij i »d. ei. N. America. Auduboo Coll.
a. d imm. ek. X. America. U. J. Elwes, Eaq.
d. iad.ik. N. America. Capt.KulIett& Lieut.
Wood ri'.].
Sir G. Back [P.l
J. K. Lord, &CL. [P.].
Arctic Land Exped.
W. ^de Rocky Uts.
i, k. $ ad. et <f Britiali Columbia.
m. 5 juv. Rk.
II. (7 ad. ek,
e. cT juT. sk.
w-e'. (^ $ ad. Bk.
/*. rf jUT. «k.
ff'. $ ad.sk.
h; i*. (J S ad. 8k.
*'. ', m'. cf 5 ad.
Waahington, B.C.
Kee waken Vol., Oregon,
Aug. [S. W. Hmihavi).
Uwh, Nov. (H. W. H.).
4t>thPsiaUd.
Repulse Baj.
Ontonagon, Michigan, Oct.
(^A. J. Dm/an),
Hudson R., Albany, New
YoA (J. H.Hvrtt).
Ljon's Falls, New York, Dec.
(A. J. D.).
CorpuB Christi, Texas, Oct.,
Dec. (F. B. Arnutrong).
Mexico.
Hermodllo, State of Sonora,
Mexico, Nov. (F. Ferrari
Perec).
Preadio, Mexico, Jen. {A.
Forrer).
ZacatecsA, Mexico, Feb. ( W.
£. Jti<Aard»on).
,.[P.].
GoTenunt of Canada
LP-]-
Dr. J. Rae [P.],
Salviii-GodniHii ColL
Tweeddale Coll.
Sal vin-Godman ColL
Salvin-Godmaa ColL
SalTin-OodmaD ColL
SalTin-Qodman Coll.
4. Nettion castanevm.
P AntyiuneWta. r«r., G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1860. p, 166 (Sew Caledooial;
Mur; Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1
id. Cat. B. Trup. III. p. 55 (New Culedonia)
42 (Naw Caledonia)
■.S. 1871, p. 040 (noti
I. :», 154 (bulU otsfsa. only
.pp.
100, i
(1«63).
Jiamt. Fr,
I
Jftin. Sbc. CAn-4. i ,
AOM casUneA, ^. A^pic
Xmd. Sac. y. S. W. iii. p
(1878) : fiWat. P. Z. S. 18t
4»: Sobiio. Orn. Ofntra^W. Itie2, p. 1
p. 61 (1SS2); «o/m(i. Om. Pap. e Mol. iii, p. 396 '(1882) ; Salv.
Cat. B. Strickl. OiO. p. SaO (1882) ; Sdat. Ua VfH. At*. 8th ed.
p. 432 (188:1) ; [lliia. ZriUckr.ga. Om. a. p. 82H (188.1) ; Ltyge, Pr.
S. Soe. Tn,m. 1886, p. i>44 (Tasmania) (1887) ; Bama. Tab. LUt,
5-22,0.069(1888): Tristr.fW. CW/. Rp. 49(1889) ; JVortA, Qif.
Aetti ^ Eyjg Awilr. B. p. 3-11 (1889) ; Keartland, Viet. Nat. Tii.
p. 46 {Australia) (1890).
Auu (Virago) caatanea, part., Ba'nt, Pr. Linn. Soe. X, S. W. u.
p. 200,0.058(1877).
Virago casWnea, Stfjn. Kiagtl. Stanil. Nat. Wit. it. p. ll-i (1885),
AJmU malf. Head and neck dark glossy green, with bronze re-
flections in aomo bghts ; mantle and buck black, each feather edged
with chestnut : rump, upper and under tail-covertfi deep black, with
a green gloaa ; breaat and abdomen chestnut, with round black epota,
thoee on the sides and flanks letter ; on the lower flanks u whitish-
buffband bordering exteriorly the block under tail-coverts: scapulars
and wings dark olive-brown, the former narrowly edged with
cheetnat ; the lost row of npper wing-coverts white, slightly tinged
with reddish ; wiDg-spccuIum on the secondaries vclToty black, with
a metallic green bond, glossed with coppery red, on the upper half;
at the tip of tho sccondariea a reddiah-white narrow band ; under
wing-ooTerte olive-lirown, some of the inner ones white : axillaries
white ; tail brown-block ; " bill bluish leod-oeloar, nail and the
edges of the upper mandible black, the under mandible crossed near
tho dp by a band of reddish fleah-oolour ; iiides hazel ; feet lead-
colonr, with the membranes of a somewhat darker hue " (Ooid<{),
Total length about 18-5 inches, wing 9, tail 4'5, culmen 1-5,
tonus 1-4.
FemaU. Upper part of tbo head dark brown, with some ligiit
«dges to the feathers, aides of the bend paler, thickly streuked with
dusky : chin and throat whiliah, immoculate ; upper part* brown,
the feathera edged with pale reddish or greyish ; lower back and
romp almost uniform brown : tho feathers of the undcrparts light
fulvoua or nifesccnt'-grey on the margins, with obscure brown spota
in the c«ntre, especially on the breast and udes, each feather having
a broad central mark of blackish brown ; sides and under tail-
coverts darker than the rest of the undorparta ; wing-coverts uniform
dork greyish brown, with an olive lustre, the greater or last row
white, forming a band broader outwardly than inwardly ; speculum
■■n the secon^rios velvety black, tipped with a white band, but the
three middle secondaries metallic green on the outer web ; primaries
and tul-feathcrs dark brown ; under wing-coverts dark brown, the
grwlet ones dark grey and the innermost, with the asillarics, white.
t inches, wing i
, tail 3'5, cnlinen 1*4,
254
Total length about '.
tarsuB 1-3.
Taung in down. Upper parts brown, the upper part of the head
darker ; sides of the head, foro-neck, and lower parts whitish, with
a rafescent tinge ; a dark brown band from the lores, through the
eyes backwards ; a small dark spot at the gape ; two whidsh-
mfescent spots on tlie back, at the hose of the wings, and two more
on the sides of the ramp.
ffab. Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia (?), and as a
straggler in Celebes and Java.
a. (f nd. St.
b. <f ad. sk.
c. d. tJ ad. Bk.
e. <i ad. sk.
/. F 2 imm. Bk.
y.P$ inim.sk.
A,i J ad. et PS
ad. St.
i. d ad. P sk.
Australia.
Australia.
Australia.
Sydney P
Port Essin^n.
N.W. Australia.
n, o. cf ad. et I
ad.Bk.
p. P $ ad. sk.
J. PulL ak.
r. $ Bd.Bk.
N.W. Australia, April
Perth Flats, W. Australia,
Maj.
S. Australia.
S. Australia.
Australia.
FliadeiB I., Bass' Stiaits, Jan.
(F. Af. Ita^er).
Tasmania.
Kecherche Bay, Tasmania,
Ilardwicke Bequest.
Purchased.
Salvin-Oodman Coll.
Tweeddale CoU.
J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.].
Dr. Sibbald [Prj.
Australian Museum
[P.l.
Cant. Bowyer Bower
J.R.ElseT,E8q.[P.].
Oould GolL
Sir G. Grey [P.].
Voyage of H
* Alert 'ip.].
B. Qunn, Esq.
[P.].
id. Cat. B. Trap. III. p. 55 (1869) ; T'^err. ^ Det Man, Res. et
Mag. Zoot. 18C0, p. 442.
Anns gibbifronB, Walt. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 487 (Flores, Timor) ; Fmteh.
yru-Gum. p. 183 l\fm) i Ei/f. Syn. Anat. p. 94 (1869).
Anas punctata. Oould, HaniUt. B. Austr. ii. pp. 3I!€, 366 (part.)
(laW)) i iSctat. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 861 : yewt. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 649,
fig. 2 (stenum), Bfr. 4 (trachea with bulla oeseu).
Abm tpbberifroiw, Sp&Ug. Miu. P.-B., Anseres, p. 68 (1^66) : BiUl&r,
Ibit, 1870, p. 450; Utitt. Cat. B. New Ztal. p. 86 (1871); GM.
Thu. Om. i. p. 363 (1872) ; Jtartl. Ibit, 1877, p. ftlS ; id. VOg.
Madag. pp. 364, 366 (1877) ; Hama. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. u.
p. 209 (1877). iii. p, 38 (1878) ; PosnO,. Malay. AreAip. p. 279
(Celebes) (1878-79) i FivMch, Ibit, 18*10, p. 3»7i Sclat. P. Z. S.
1680, pp. 462, 619, 1662, p. 463, pi. xxxiii. ; Sclat. ^ Sali>. Ibit,
1882, p. 538 (note) ; fkilmd. Ont. Pap. « .Vol. iii. p. 398 (1882) :
Rchnte. On, CtntralbL 1862, p. 19 ; id. Vih. sout. G.lrt. p. 63
(1883) ; Vordgrm. JV'. T. N. I. ifi. p. 219 (Java) (1882) ; Stlat. LUt
VrH. An. 8Ih ed. p. 432 (1883); Bias. Zeifrhr. get. Om. ii.
p. 3^ (Celebes) (1686), iu. p. 171 (1686) : Rams. Pf. Linn. Soc.
y.S. »-. (2)i.p. 1151 (1886); id. 7"nft.i«(, p. 22, 11.670(1888)!
Bua. B. A'ea Zeal. 2nd od. p. 261 (1668) ; Triafr. Cat. Colt. B.
p. 49 fE. Timor) (188))) ; North. Cat. NrtU atid Egi;s Auttr. B.
p. 342 (1889): Keartl Vict. JVtit. vii. p. 46 (Australin) (1600);
Hariert, Knt. Vogetiamml. p. 231 (1891); Wigtemi. ,4iw* Polgn.
p. 70 (1892).
Auas mnta, S. Mull, (ubi 9),Jide Schlrg. Mm. P.-B., .\iweres, p. 68,
m tyn. A. gibberifrontis.
Anu giBcilis, Butler, Ibie, 1869, p. 41 (New Zealand) ; Haatt, I. e.
p. 42 (do1«) (South Aiutralia); Fitaeh, Hid. p. 360(=^bberi'
frons); Sutler, Trans. N. Z. Imt. i "'" ' -" " -
TVmu. JV, Z. Inil. i
J02 (1869); Bnllm,
i. p. 271 (1880).
Anas (Querquedula) ^bberifcooB, Pintch, Ibit, 1869, p. 380,
Hareca cartaupa, Marie (nee Egt.),Ae(, Soc. Linn. Bard, xivii. p, 328
(New Caledonia) (1870); id. Ibit, 1S77. p. 363; Lagard, Ibit,
1682, pp, 638, 644,
Nettion pbberifronB, O. B. Gr. Haml-litt, iii, p. 63, n, 10663 (I67I).
Ajuu (Virwo) Malanea, part,, Rami. Pr. Iahh. Soc. N. S. W. u.
p. 200, n. 658(1877).
Anaa CMtauea, Ramn. (nee Egt.) Pr. Linn. Soe. y. S. W. iii, p, 115
(UaU Sniind, Ethel Rirer) (1878), p. 301 (S. New Guinea) (1679),
i». p. 102, n, 212 (Port Moreeby, South Cape) (1879); Selat. (nte
&i.) P.Z.S. 187)1. p. 627 (Zool. Gard.); id. Litf VeH. Ah.
&ol. Soe. Lond. 1678, p. 367 1 Sutt. Traiu. A'. Z Intl. iii. p. 273
(leSO) ; Salitad. Ann. Mut. Cif. Gen. xviij. p. 402, a 6 (1882).
Advlt male. Upper part of the head dark brown, witb the edges
of the feathers reddish or greyish; «idcfl of the head paler, thickly
strcalccd with black or brotm ; chin and throat white, imm.-iculato ;
upper parts brown, the feathers edged with pole reddish, the
(eathera of the lower hook and rump almost uniform, with edges
•carccly paler ; the feathers of the undcrparts light fulvous on the
margins, with obscure brown spots in tho centre, especially on the
breast and sides of the body, each feather having a broad oentnd
mark of blackish brown : sides and under tail-coverts darker thaa
Ihe rest of Ihc underparts ; wing-eoverta dark greyish browo, with
an olive luslrc, the grc3l«r rovr white, forming a band broader
L-iM^
J
2o6 AHATID^B.
outwardly ttian inwardly ; epecolam on the secondariee velvety
black, tipped with a wbit« band, but the three middle eecondariee
metalUo green on the outer web ; primaries and tail-feathers dark
brown ; under wing-coverts dark brown, the greater ones dark grey,
the innennoet and the axillariea whit« : " irides yellowish brown ■
bill bluish black, on the edges somewhat greenish, with the nail
black ; the tip of the lower mandible yeUowisb ; feet lead-colour,
with a yellowish tint " (S. MiiUer). Total length 17 inches, wing 8,
tail 4, bill 1-5, tarsus 1-25.
Female. Somewhat smaller than the male, and paler: "iris
brick-red ; bill black, with a yellow band across the middle of the
lower mandible ; feet greyish purple " (Zoria). Total length 15'5
inches, wing 7-5, tail 3'5.
This species is absolutely similar to the supposed female of N. cat-
taneum, both in colour and dimensions, so that I am utterly unable
to diatinguiab it ; still it seems quite certain that they are not
identical, as birds in the pluma^ of Anat ffibberifront have bred,
and, perhaps, are still breeding, in the Zoological Gardens of
London.
In the Hon. W. Rothschild's collection there are two specimens,
brought frozen in the flesh &om Melbourne : one is in the plumage
of the male ^. cottaneum, and the other in that of the suppoaedfeniale
of the same, and both, having been dissected, proved to be msles ;
I have seen the testiclcB and the windpipe, with the bulla ossea, of
both; one bad tbe testioles enormously developed, showing that it
was killed in the breeding-season.
I have seen also a male bird that lived in the Zoological Gardens
of London, which has the plumage of N. gibherifrma, or female
N. eastaneamy but shows on the breast a distinct reddish tinge.
a hybrid of tho two epecicB 'i
31, METIION.
257
6. Kettdon albignl&re. (Pkte U. %. 1.)
QiiprqueduU ADdamBDen^is, TijtUr, 16u, 1867, p. 333, a. 89 (deacr,
mlUa).
Nettion ftDdamanenBiB, G. R. Or. Hand-Htt, tii. p. 84, n. ]0C6(»
(1871).
Anas andamanonaui, Oifb. Thtt. Ont. i. p, S44 (1872).
Marec* punctota, " Cui-:'?, Hall, J. A. S. S. sli. 3, p. 290, n. 62
(Andanwiw) (1872) : id. Sir. Ftath. i. p. 88 ( 1872),
Mureca nlbogularis, Sumf. Str. Fiath. L p. 303 (Andanmnfl) (Febr.
1(*7.1) ; Bhnf. Ibit. 1873, p. 236.
Mnreca gibben&ons, WaM. {ncc S. Miill.) thu, 1B7S, p. ^1 ; Uumt,
Nntt l^ Eapi, p. fU4 (Asdamius) (1873) ; id. SCr. Fealh. ii. p. 31(1
(1H74): Waid. in tilythU H. of Burm. p. 100 (note) (1873);
TtCftdd. Orn. Work*, p. 251 (ADdamfius) (1881).
AOM pimcteta. ninth {luc Cuv.), B. of Burm. p, lOfi (note) (1875).
Qaeraaednln gibbcrirmns, HHme (iim 3. AfitlL), Str. Feati. viii. p. 1 15.
n. 966 ttr (lS7fi) ; Hume * Marth. Oama B. of Ind. in. p. 243.
pi 83 (1880) ; Hume, NeiU ^ Sffs/a <fflnd. B. [ed. Oatm], iii. p. SIO
at. P. Z. S. 1
I, p. 614 (ZooL Qud. of
I
Adntt mate. Upper part of the hood brown ; this colour covers also
the upper part of the cheuks and gradually ch^Dges ioto the white of
the lower part of the cheeks and throat ; the brown of the cheeks
with obsoleto dusky etrealu ; round the eyes there is a ring of white
fc«thera, broader below ; in some specimens on the lores or at the
bitso of the bill there are some white feathers ; iip[>or parts brown,
the edges of the feathers of the back a<jd Bcapulara pale brown :
rump uniform ; feathers of the breast and abdomen pale brown in
t)ie centre, and broadly margined with brownish fawn-coloiu',
producing a mottled appearance ; under tail-coverts brown, .ilmosl
uniform ; npper wing-coverts dark brown, greater or last row of
upper wing-coverts white, forming a band, diminiabing in breadth
and tinged with brown inwardly ; speculum velvety black, with u
longitudinal copporj'-green band on the middle, from the seventh
to the ninth secoadarj-, and bounded at the lip by a buff band ; the
ftret secondary broadly white on tho outer web ; tertials broadly
volvety black on the outer web ; primaries brown, with an olive
Instre ; under wing-eoverts brown, the median ones tipped with
whi[« ; (txiilnries white ; tail brown : " legs and feet greenish blue
to plumbeous, webs usnally darker ; bill plumbeous, nail black ; iii
some tbe lower mandible, in one the terminal two-thirds of this.
pink ; iridea reddish brown to deep reddish brown " (Hume). Totiil
length 17 to 18 inches, wing 7 to S, tail 4 to 4-2, culinen 1-J.
tarsus 1'!) to 1'4.
Femalt. Bimilor to the male, but smaller, and tho lower surfaw-
duller and the Centerings of the feathers less marked, the green
band on the wing-spectdum more coppery. Total length 15-6 to
16 inches, wing 725 to "■4, culmen 1-3 lo 1'35.
Tming birds are similar to the females, bat the dusky marldn^s
of the under surface are even less distinct.
VOL. XXV II. H
TIuBSpeciee is very Bimilat to Jf.^t66m/rm«aiid to the female of
N. eattaneum, bat it diffm Id having the sides of the head darker
and mure nnifoim brawn, with the darker streaks almost obsolete ;
besides it bss a ring of wMte feathen round the eyes, and the first
secondary with the outer web entirely or broadly edged with
Sab, Andaman Islands.
a-«. tJ 5 sd. sk.
/,^. $ad. etjuy,
sk.
it $ ad.8k.
i,k,l. d»d.A.
m. cJ sd.sk,
B-r. (J $ ad. ak.
1. $ ad. sk.
/-y. (J £ ad. sk.
z. Ad.ak.
S. Andamans, Feb. {S. G.
W. S.).
S. Andamana, May, Dec.
(R. J. WiTnixTley).
S. Anduaans, April (S.
J. jr.).
Fort Mouet, S. AndamanB,
April ( W. Daouon).
Port Blair, S. Andamans,
May (11.J. W.).
Port Blfur, S. Andsmanfl,
March to May ( W. Bavuon
^M.J. WimUrhj/).
Port Blair, 8. Andamans,
June (S. f. W.).
Dnngleaf Creek, Andamans,
Jan., Dec {W. Davwm).
AndaMaus.
7. NettioiL beimeri.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
HtuneColL
Hume Coll.
Tweoddala ColL
Hnme ColL
R. Bowdler Shoipe,
HumeCoil|
Hnme OoU. f
(Typee of the speciea.)
P Sarc«lle de Madagascar, Sgtmdn, XoUi lur le* Mamm. el FOm. de
Madoff. p. 48 (Mim. Soc. Mut. d'Hut. Nat. de Stratb. 1840).
Querquedula bernk-ri, J. I'en: MS. in Mus. Vindob. et Pan»\
Hertt. J./. Q. 1880, p. ]73; id. Oni. Jieitr. Fattn. Madag. p. 82
259
Adult malt. Head and neck pale reddish ttrowD, ihickJy streaked
with bluckiHh ; npper part of the head darker ; back brown, the
feathers narrowly edged with rntoua-grey ; ramp and upper t^ii-
coverts browii-olivo, almost uniform ; breasi and ubdcmen dull
reddish, with the centres of the fcathera pale brown, producing a
mottled appearance ; longest tinder tail-coverts uniform brown ;
upper wing-coverts dark grey, the last row with the apical portion
«aite, forming a white band, much broader outwardly and
decreasing inwardly; speculum velvety black, bounded at the tip
by a broad white band ; primaries blackish brown ; tertiala and
ecapnlars greyish brown, with narrow reddish margins; under
wing-ooverta dark brown; aiillaries white; tail-featheJa brown,
with paler tips: " irides browu ; beak and feet red " (6VaikIi(ii«');
"beak reddish brown, feet brown" (^ii*. SothK-hUd). Total
length Ifi to 17 inches, wing 8, tail 4, oulmen 1-5, tarsus 1*5.
(JfBJt. RothKhild.)
FgmaU. Similar to the male, only somewhat smaller, and the
dask}' spota on the underparta duller. {Mm. RoOufhild.)
Imntature bird. Similiir to the adult, but the dusky spots OD the
uuderparts more longitudinal, streak-like ; the browa under tail-
coverts not uniform, but distinctly margined with reddish buff.
This species, although nearly related to N, gibherifrona, is porfeotly
distinct, having the bill much smaller and red, the spots on the
breast paler and less defined ; the upper wing-coverts more grey ;
the speculum velvety black, without the green longitudinal band ;
the wbit« baud at the tip of the secondaries broader, pure white,
witli no trace of rufous tinge ; the axillaries pore white instead of
brown.
The figure in the 'Oiseanx do Madagascar' is not exact and
rather misleading, showing the speculum with bloc and green
gloM, the white band on the last row of the wing-coverts eqoally
broad, iustuad of gradually diminishing in breadth inwardly, and
the general colour too rofcscent.
Bab. Madagascar.
«. Inun. sk. Madagascar ( ran Z)a»i) SbeUey Coll.
8. Hettioa capense.
Cape Wigwn. lath. Sj/H. iil 2. p. 51B, n. M (1785).
Anas capeniis, Om. S. N. i. 2, p. 627, n. 98 (1788) (« Latham);
Lath. Itid. Om. ii. p. 881, n. 73 (1790); Bonn. Enc. Mith.i.
p. 148 (1791); rieili. N. D. v. p. 164 (1816) i Dam. Diet. &.
liat. Ti. p. 3tJ8 (1817) ; O.Jt.Or. Oen. B. iii. p. 616,n. 1-3 (1845) ;
Lie/a.NommH.Av.v.\(i\ (1854); Peh. Novara Bat., Fey. p. 138
(1866): Chapm. TVon. m «. ^. li. App. p.4£2{1668); O.h.Gr.
mptd-iut, ui. p. 8a, n. 10(MO (sjn. emend.) (1871): Oitb. Thtn.
On*. i.p.316(Byn. emend.) (1872); '< Gadcm,J.f. 0.1877,p.389;
Sah. Gii. B. Strifkl. CoO. p. 6S4, n. 2002 (syn. emend.) (1883) ;
Salvad. P. Z. S. 1BB4, pi. liii. ; Hartert, Kaf. Vogilatmml. p. 381
(1891).
Mam» cspensis, Slrpk. Gm. SM. lii. 2, p. 139 (1824) ; G. R. Or.
Gtn. B. m. p. 614, n. 6 (1845> ; Layard, Btrdt S. A/r. p. 361
(1867) ; id. Oil, 1869, p. 26 ; Ayra, lint, 1809, p. 302 (Trans-
Ta&l); Oum. m Anderti. B. Dainara Lattd, p. 339 (]872).
Chauliodua capenala, Sa. Jourti. Roy. Inst. ii. p. 19 (1831).
Anas IftrratB, Cuv. MS. Mu». Paru (Gape) ; Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 634,
D. 72 (1831) (de«cT. nulla) ; Pucker. Rev. (t Maq. dr. Zooi. 1850,
p. C49 (doBcr.); Sartl. J./. O. 1866, p. 419; Socage, J./. O.
1876, p. 294.
QaeTqueduk capeuns, Smith, Cat. S. Afr. Mve. p. 37, a. 326 (1837) ;
Eyt. Mon. Amt. p. 128 (1838) ; G. -ft. Gr. Grtu B. iii. p. 616, n. 15
(1S4.5) ; Eyt. Syn. Anat. p. 82 (1869) ; Bocaffe, Ot-n. Any. p. 602
(1881) ; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 174 ; id. Ann. Mtu. Civ. Gen. (2)
i. p. 245(1884); Shirrpe, LayanTsB. S. A/r. -0.758 (18^); Tristr.
Cat. Coll. B. p. 48 (1880).
PKcilonetta geowica, G. R. Gr. {nee Gm.) List B. Brit, Mui. iii.
p. 134 (Cape of Good Ho]>e} (1844).
Auaa araimilia, Foral. Icon, itied. t. 76 ; id. Deter. Anim. {ed. Lieht.)
p. 46 (1844) ; ScAley. Miu. P.-B., Anseres, p. 59 (syn. emeod.)
(1866) ; Gifb. Thet. Dm. i. p. 344 (ayn. emend.) (1872) ; Hartl.
Yog. Madag. pp. 364, 365 (1877).
Chaulelasmua strepera, a. r^penais, Bp. Compt. Bend, iliii. p. 650
(1866).
Querquedula larvata, Bp.Compt. Bend, iliii. p. 650, n. 99 (syn. emend.)
(1866) ; Bocage, Jom. Ac. Sc. Lisb. 1871, p. 278, 1872, p. 70.
Anaa sparsa P, BiiAm (nw SnwM), /./. O. 1885, p. 62.
Adult male. Head, neck, and nnderparts whitish ; head and neck
dotted or streaked with black ; throat immaculate ; feathers of the
back and nunp and upper tail-coverts edged and barred with fulvous,
each feather has one or more brown-black bars and a aubterminal
spot of the same colour ; upper breast with brown bars ; remainder
of the underparts with obsolete greyish-brown spots, better defined
and bar-like on the sides and under tail-coverts ; wings dark grey ;
the greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with white, forming a white
9. Rettion flavirostre.
I^to pico Etmarilla y Degro, Azarit, Apiint. iii. p. US, a. 439 (liuenos
AyiM) (1805).
Anas flavircwlris, Vieill. X. D. v. p. 107 (1316) (ex Auira) ; id. Ene.
J»(A. i. p. 363 (1823) ; G. B. Gr. Gm. B, Hi. p. 616, n. 19(1845) |
^irtL lad. Aiar. Avant. p. 28, n. 430 (1H47) ; R-Jmb. %». Ao.
t 00. t 2343 (1850) ; Burm. La Plata-BeiMy ii. p. 516 \\mi) \
BeSkg. Mua. P.-B., Anserea, p. 59 (pnrt,) (1866) ; Oitb. Thf». Om.
i. p. 3.^1 (svn. emend.) (1872) ; £.. B., ^ Jl tVaUr-B. N. Am. a.
p.3(note)(18g4): J^<m. J./. 0. 18Ml,p. J25(Coidov»)i HarUrt,
KtU. r.,]/dtamml. p. -231 (1801).
Adm creccoido*, Kini/, Zool. Jaum. iv, p. 99 (StruU of MngelUn]
B &bec
■, X<JM. Tr. ifOm. p. 634 (MalouinM)
QuHTquwlula creccoides, £yt. Mon. Anat. p. 128 (Ift18); Fra*fr,
P. z:«S. 1843, p. 116 (Ciiili); i7. R. Gr. Zitl B. Brit. Mtu. iii.
p. 138 (S.TI1. emend.) (1844}; id. Gen.
616, n. 3 laja.
emeod.) ('l845) ; Va .Vuro in Gay, Hist, dr OiOe, J. p. 453 (ObiU)
(1348) ; Banein. Voy.'Bm^,' iii.p. 13 (1848) ; Bp. Oimpi. Rmd.
xliii p. 660, n, 104 («ivii. emend.) (1856) : Cau. U.S. Attrtm. Ex^d.
(L p. i303, pi. nvi. (Cbili) (1856) ; (?o»(«, P. Z. S. 18.59. p. 96 (e^.
KalUKids); &-lat. P. Z. 8. 1860, p. S89 (Fslklaiids) : Ahboit,
IhU, 1861, p. 160 (Falklands) ; SoUa. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 335; Phil.
* imutt. Cat. Av. Chit. p. 42 (1808) ; Eift. Syn. Anal. p. 81
{ 1869) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 18/1, p. 700 (ZooL Gsrd.) : MiiwEdw.
Seek. Fatm. JUg. Atutr. ch. vt, p. 46 (1882) ; Sclat. LUt J'ert. An.
8Ehed. p. 434(1833).
Aims aiarw, Merrem in Erich u. Grub. Enc, sect. i. vol. xxxx. p. 26
_ «.*(Ou.p.247(184").
Querauedula oiyptem, Ifarti, (nfc Afryot I JS'(iun4an»i*i, 1853, pp, SI7,
aSa (Bio de Valdivift, Chili) ; P Bibra, Denktchr. Ak. Wtm, r. p. 131
(CaiiU)(1863)(c//./. O. ISS.-), p. .W) ; Lieht. Nantf mi. Av. p. 102
(pait., MonWTideo, nee Peru) (1654) ; P ftto. Sinae Novara, Vog.
p. 188 (ChiU) (laOfi) ; Sharpf, P. Z. 8. 1681. p. 14 (Port QiHUat
and Cockle Cofe) : Omt. Mint. Se. Cap Hm-n, vi. Ou. p, 314
(1891).
AnM (l)Alik) flsvirosim, Barm. J.f. 0. 1860, p. 366 (Mendoia).
Qnerauedula flavirostm, Sdal. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 335 (part.) ; Selat. ^
SaU. P. Z. S. 18«7, pp. mo, 991, 1868, p. 140 (iSuenos Ajtm) [
Sunn. P. Z. S. 1872, p, 367 (Argentine); Sdtit. j- Sain. Nomnui.
At. Nwtrap. ^. 129 (1875) [ Hudi.P.ZS. 1874, p. 167; Seiat.^
Bail). P.Z.S. 1876, ]i. 386; Dura/: /iiV, 1877. pp. 41 (Chupul),
IDI (Buenos AjTes). 1878, pp. 65, 401 (Centr. FBiajMiiiB) ; Sdat.
f, Z S. 1870, p. 310 (eegs), 1880, p. 522 ; il. iV ChaUmg.,
MM*, p. 160 (1881) ; White, P. Z 8. 1883, p. 42 (CorioTft) ; Bert.
u.Jher. ZeiUchr. ga. Om. 18K5, p. 175 (Taquarn do Mundo Novo,
a BrtdtU) : Bmi. J. f. O. 1887, p. 133 ; Cab. J.f. 0. im.\ p. 118 ;
Swvt. Am. Mw. A^(ie.£uni.vfir. iii. p. 247(1888); Selal. Argent.
Or*. iL p. 131 (1889) i Tri*lr. Cat. G)U. B. p. 49 (188») ; Onst.
MtM. &. Cap Ifom, \i. Ou. p. 206 (1891) ; Holland, Ibit, ISSi,
fw 307 {.\riwnli»e) ; Berk. Jamei, JVehf List ChiL B. p. 9, a. 153
1882) : ApUn. B.U, 1804. p. 200 (Unigunv).
NsttioD SariroHlri*, G. R. Gr. Hand-lUt, iii.'p. 88. n. 10066 (1871),
AnM f QnorquodiiU) flaviroslris, Rektac. Om. CentraM. 1882, p. 21 ;
id. V6g. tool. Gart. p, &fi (1882).
Adult maU, Head and upper part of the neck greyish brown,
thickly barred with narrow blackish bands ; mantle and anterior
scapolars greyiab brown, with a black spot near the tip, and
margined witb nifescent brown ; lower back, wings, and upper tail-
ooverta uniform gre3-iBh brown ; breast and underparts whiliBh,
the former more or leas tinged with reddish, each feather has a
enbterminal black Bpot and a blackish bar hidden and almost obsolete ;
the tpota almost evanescent on the abdomen ; vent and under tail-
ooverts whitish grey, unspotted ; upper wing-eoverta brown-grey,
the tips of the greater row hazel, forming a band bordering an-
teriorly the wing-speculum, which is Telvety black, only on the
onter web of the inner feathers being glossed with green ; tips of
the seooudaries rufous wbit«, forming a band ; tertuds and longer
Bcapniars greyish brown, edged with reddish ; primaries dnsky
grey ; under wing-coverts brown-grey, but the central ones and the
axillaries white ; tail brown-grey : " bill wax-yellow, with the
culmen and nail black; iris carmine (or wood-brown, Dumford);
feet groy-blue" {PhUijtpi). Total length 15 to 16 inches, wing S
to 8*25, tail 4-75 to 4-25, culmen 1-4, tarsus 1-12.
FeTTtait. Similar, but somewhat dnller and smaller.
Young. Duller, and the markings on the head and breast not so
distinct, especially on the latter. (Jfuf. Turin.)
Hah. Southern Brazil, Argentine, Chili, Patagonia, aud Falklsnds.
a. S ad. ik. Chili, Maich ( Wnukaupt).
b. Ad. ak. ChUi (Heed).
e. $jnv.8k. Chili.
S853) (Chili) : ImAI. Sommel. Av. p. 102 (pMt., Peru) (TSS-l) ;
ihm. J.f. O. 1855, p. 57; Sctat. Sr Sale. P. Z. & 1807. p. 990
{SaUnsa, S. Peru), im, p. 570, 1869, p. 157 (Peru) ; Od. Nomenti.
^p. JVeofrM. p. 12» (1873) : Tom. P.Z.S. 1874, p. 561 (Junin, Centr.
Pbtb); Sdat. ^ Saiv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 385 j Tact. P. Z. S. 1880,
p. 212 (Cutervn) ; Sctat. P. Z. & 1880, p. 52-2, 188«. p. 401 (Tara-
pucS) i Tacx. Or». Pir. iii. p.476 (1886) : Trittr. Cat. OoU. B. p. 49
(1889); Sctat. P. Z S. 1691, p. 136 (TurapacA); Berk. Jamu,
Nae Lilt Chit. B. p. 0, n. 165 (Turapati).
Dotilii oiypteni, Ec}\nb. &n. Ae., NataUtres, t. 92. £ 164 UvMa/en)
(1&45). ^
Qaerauedulaaiif^iEtirostriB,^A. Sf Landh. (nee Minttr.) An. Univ.
aSe, ixi. p. 43i) (1862) ; ita. JFifym. Ar^. 1883, i. p. 202 (Tftcna) ;
Selat.P.Z.S. 18G7, p. 396(=i>5yplera, iWeyon); Philippi, Omia,
1888, p. leO (Calfiknte).
Anas flavirostris, purt., SeUeg. Miit. P.-B., Auwres, p. 59 (1866) ;
Oieb. The: Om. i. p. 351 (part.) (1872).
Querquedula flaviroatris, Sclal. {wn Viria.) P. Z. S. 1867, p. 335,
Nettion oxjptera, G. S. Or. Hand-Uet, Hi. p. 84, d. 10070 (1871).
Adult. Similar to jV, Jlavirottre, but larger, with longer bill
inlPrecnpuUr feathers paler, with the central apots less distinct
scapulars more rufcsccat and with emoller ceotrnl black marks
dark spots on the lower parts smallor and confined tn the breaat ,
abdomen and onder t^-coverta pale greyish white, the latter with
a alight reddish tinge : bill yellow, culmen and tip black. Total
length 17-5 inches, wing 8'7, tail 4, culmen 1'45, tarsus 1-4,
Bah, Cordilleras of Peru and of Northern C!hili.
a, cf ad. sk.
i. cf ad. ek.
c. a ad. «h.
d,e. a^»A.»k.
f,9- d9&d.ak.
A-ffi. cf 9 Ad- «t
nF^^A. ak.
«. $ ad. sk.
Tiata, Peru, June.
Tint*, Peru, June (ff.
Salinas, S.W. Peru, July
Iiagims da Laujni, Feb.
\H. Whiltiy).
L'ueva neffra, Pnjv, of Ta-
rapacd, Feb.
SacftVB, Tarapaca, Jan.,
Feb.
Sitani, Tarapaca, Jan.
HuBsco, Tarapaca, Feb.
W. Whitely, Esq.
Twetiddale Coll.
Sah-in-Qodnian Coll.
H. J. Elwes, Esq.
[P.].
H. Berkeley James,
I. Berbeler Jan
J. lierkdey Jat
Esq. [V.i
1 1 . Nettion andinm.
Da£la sp.. Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860. p. 83 (Ecuador).
(javrquedula andiiim, Selat. j- Salv. Ito/nmel. Av. ytotmp, pp. 129,
l«a (Ecuador) (1873); iid. P. Z. 8. 1873, p. 237 (Sierra Nevada
of Merida), 1876, p. 387, nl. xxxiv. ; Sclat. P. Z S. 1880, p. 022 ;
Tan. * Bert. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 119,
Adult. Similar to N. JUurirottre and N. o.riij>teru>n, but darker ou
264 AirATiDx.
the upper parts, with the iateTscapalar feathers and scapulars less
reddish, having the pale edges narrower and more greyish ; blackish
spots on the breast larger than in JV. oxypUrvm, hot not so well-
de&oed as in N. fiavirostre ; the upper part uf the speculum bronze-
green ; the principal difference is in the bill, wholly dark, withont
any yellow; feet flesh-colour. Total length 16 to 17 incbee, wing 9,
tail 3-5 io 4, culmen 1-66, tarsus 1-5.
Hah. Andes of Ecuador and Veneeuda.
i. Ad. sk.
«,/. Ad. 8k.
g. d jnv, ak.
Ecuador, between Rio Bamba Sclater Coll.
and Mocha (Fra
Sical, Ecuador ( Vii^gomes).
Rio Blanco, Ecuador (C.
Buckley).
Ecuador.
Sietra Nerada of Merida,
Venezuela (A. Ooering).
(Typo of the epedee.)
Sakin-Oodmau ColL
SalTin-Oodman CoU.
12. ITettion g«ire:iciim.
Oeorda Duck, Lath. ^n. iii. 2, p. i78, n. 34 (17o6) (Oeai^a Aus-
traJi Americas) (ex Sir Joteph SatJa'i drawingt).
Anas georgica, Gm. 8. N. i. 3, p. 516, n. 77 (1786) ; Lath. Ind. Om.
ii. p. 847, n. 41 (1790) ; Bonn. Eac. Mfth. I p. 148 (1791) ; rioB.
y. D. y. p. 118 (1816) ; Sum. Diet Sc Nat. vi. p. 381 (1817) ;
O.R. Gr. (?<ni. 5. ui. p.616, n, 8(1846)( = ]tanthorhyncha,Jorii.
le. 71J ; ta. nand-U»t, in. p. 82, n. 10652 (1871).
Tadoma georeica, StepK. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 76 (1824).
Anas zauthornmcha, Font. Icon, ined. t. 71 (nee t. 72) ; id'. Deter.
An. (ed. Zicht.) p. 342, n. 267 (nee p. 4fi) (1844) (Qeo^a Aua-
trali) ; Licht. ibid, note ( = Adbs oxjptera, Lic&t. {nee Megen),
which ia =A. flaTirostris, VieUl), cf. Nomencl. Av. p. 102 (Monte-
rideo).
13. Nettioii pnnctatmn.
Anns punct*U, Barck. TrareU, i. p. 233 (note) (18221; G. R-
p. HIO, n. 21 (I845JJ JV«»(. P. Z. S. 18n,p. 649
Afr. .Viu. p. 37, n "
'29 (Orange B
e Biver)
fir. Gen. S. i
(note).
Querqu^ulA hottenlotii. Smith, Cat, .
(1837) {deacr. nuUa) ; .%(. Mon. A
(1833) ; SmUA, III. S. Afr. Zool., Av*
6m. B. iii. p. 616, n. 8 (1845); Bp. Compt. iJ^iA iliii. t. . .
n. 101 (1856) ; Gun. IhU, 1862, p. 154 (Natal) : Ltniard, B. of
8. AJt. p. 353 amt) : Boe. J«m. Aead. Sf. Lith. 1867, p. 329;
Qtm. Ail. IfldS. pp. 262, 471 ; C&apm. Trav^it in S. Afr. iL
App. p. 442 (lSll8)i Grniul. Siv. et Ma-/, de Zool. 1868, p. fi
(MFidflga«c«r) ; %/. Syn.ylnuf. p. 83 (1800) ; A'rtci.P.Z S.1871,
p. G4fl|m>lc); StM-. Joiii. Acail. Se. Lidoa, 1872, p. 70; Barti.
P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 69 (Tnmatave, MnddfraBCiir) ; Boc. ^ Oad. J.f. 0.
1876, p, 294; Haul. Vog. Madag. p. 38S (1877): Agm, Ibi$,
1880, p. 273 (Tranavaal) : Sac. Om. Anq. p. 503 (MoBsatnedes, Hio
Con»cai(1881); ^u«.,/'nY<f..*fl»i,2i«%. 1882. p. 427(NMid) ;
MOitf^Bdw. ^ Graud. OU. Madag. p, 723. pi. 375 a. t. 3 (liMd)
(1882) ; Sharps, LaynriTi B. 8. Afr. p. 757 (1884) : Dufcw, B«fl.
Mat. Boxf. ^H. N. tIfBelff. iv. p. 14!), n. 194 (1880) (Tawmnjik«) ;
Trutr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 270 (^fatBl) (1889): Sibrte, lbi», 1892,
p. 271 (Mml^iucar) ; Shall. I&U, 18S4, pp. 38, 478 (Litke
Shiiwa).
Ahm pDeata. LieM. Verz. SSugtth. u. VHg. p. 20, na. 244, 24S
(Kstfenil.) (Ift4a) ■ G. ROr. Gen. B. App. p. 28 (1849) ; Gidt.
TImi. On. 1. p. 360 (1872) ; Bohm, J. f. O. 1885, p, 6/ (Karema,
TanguivikB).
PterocTuiea pileuta, hiiM. Nomend. Av. p. 102 (1854).
Asu hott«iitota, Schlfjf. Mm. P.-B., Arueras, p. 60 (Umias. S. .\.tt.)
(1866) ; Gie6. Thts. Om. i. p. 354 (1872) ; HnrtrrC. Kat VogfU
tamnd. p. 231 (1881) ; Rehato. Vag. Deut»i:h-0»t-Afr. p. 26
(1694).
Qaenjaedula madnfcascsrieusis, Grand. Bre. et Mag. d« ZooL 1867,
pp. 87 (Madagascar), 255 (=Q. liatt«nlota),
Nettinn hottcntota, G. B. Gr. Uand-lia. iii. p. 83, no. 10662 (1871) ;
Anderu. B. Samara Land, p. 340 (Damara aud Great Namaqoa
LMid) (1672).
Anas UBimiliB, Ma». Forit., fidt Omtalet (cf. Harti. Vitg. Madag.
p. 365, 1877).
QtiOTCiueduln punrtata, Sdat. P.Z8. 1880, pp. 622,534 (S. AfiHra);
Saload. Ann. Ma*. CVit. Om. (2) it. p. ^ (Shoa) (1888) ; Trtttr.
Cat. CoB. B. p. 19 iTrnnavnall (1889),
Querqiii-duU pileatn, SeJialmc.J.f. 0. 1884, p. 177 ; MatKhv',J.f.O.
18e7,p. ];i7.
Querqiindula cTBDorhtrirhn, Bohm. MS., fide Schalim, J.f. O. 1884,
p. 177 ( = pifc?ata, Lkht.}.
AdtUt tnalf. Upper part of the head, iiicludiofc the eyes, blark.
•harply defiuM from the buffish-white lower half and throat; tha
wtut« of the cheeks i'ili>iidiug baoliward in a hroad band towards
the occiput ; aides of tlie neik whitish, thickly mottled with black ;
boolc black, each feather edged with light brown ; lower bock and
nirap blai'k, glossed with green ; upper and under tail-coverta pale
brown, thicUy undulated with narrow black lines; lower parts
light brown, the feathere of the lower fore neck, breast, and ndes
with lai^ Bobapicol black spots ; lower breast and abdomen tmdn-
lated with blai^h bora ; wings brassy green ; a glossy green
speculum on the secondaries, which are broadly tipped wiUi white
and have a black aubterminal band bordering posteriorly the
Bpecnlom ; longer soapolara brassy green, with a light brown stripe
along the middle ; under wing-coverts blackish brown, the median
and the greater ones, like the aiillaries, white; tail-feathers dark
brown, edged with pale brown : " bill dark leadnioloar ; feet dark
lm>wn ; irides brown" (AnUmm); but according to Andersson,
" iris reddish yellow ; bill bluish red except at the base, where it
is black; legs purplish yellow." Total length about 13 inches,
wing 6-2, tail 2-5, culmen 1-45, tarsns 1,
Female, Similar to the male, bat somewhat duller, and the
markings less distinct.
Foung. Differs &om the adult birds in having the breast as well
as the abdomen pale fawn-coloar, with no distinct spots or obsolete
ones and no transveree dusky bars; the under tail-corerts are
reddish fawn-colour and unspotted.
ffah. Southern Africa and Madagascar, north to Angola on the
West and Shoa on the East.
a. £ imm. ak. Damara-land. Purchased.
(. fd juv. sk. OmanbondS, Damara-land H. J. Elwes, Esq.
(Ander,5on). [P.].
c, d. <f 9 ad. 8k. S. Afiioa. Sir A. Smith [P.l
(Types of Querquedtila hottentota. Smith!)
<-t. cJ 2 ad. sk. Natal. Tweeddale CoU.
£. <f ad. sk. Newcastle, Natid, Dec. Shelley CoU.
/. (J ad.sk. PotchefBtroom,Nov.(2'.^ynM). J. H. Gumey, Esq.
[P.].
Transvaal. R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
(1870) ; Gieb. Thet. Om. i. p. 346 (1872) ; Frm:. J. f. 0. 1891,
p. 125 (Cordf-bn) : BaHert, Eat. VogeUamml. p. 231 (1881).
Ahm mnnea, Borm. Ene. MtOi. i. p. 162, n. 67 (1791).
Pato ipecutui, Asar. Apunl. ui. p. 445, n. 437 (Pamguay) {ISOQI,
Anu ipecBtiri, Vtall. N, D. v. p. 120 (1810) (ex Aiara] ; id. Enc.
Jlf«£i. p.354(1833).
Hueca bnoliends, 8teph. Gen. ZooL lii. 3, p. 138 (1824) ; G. R. Or.
Om. B. iii. p. 614, n. 7 (1846).
Anas patnri, &ir, Av. Brai. u. p. 85, 1. 108 (Bio S. Francisco)
(mS).
Aiu*iiotMit,Illi/.mJlfm.BeroI.,fidt WuKl,Beifr.iv.p.e3i {1832).
QneiqiiediilB erjtfaroih^clia, ^' Spix" Egt. {nee Om.) Mon. .inat.
p. 127 (1838) ; Darw. Va/. •Beagle,' iii. p. 135 {Buenos Ayres ami
Smuts of M^ellan) (1841) ; Ei/t. Sijn. Anat. p. 79 (1869) ; Burm.
Ann. Mm. Nae. Sum. A\t. iii. p. 367 (1888).
Querquedula ipecutm, G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mtu. iii. p. ISO
(Bntish Guiana) (1844) ; Harti. Ind. Atar. Apunt. p. 28, n. 437
(1847); Dm Muri in Gay, Hi»t. de ChiU, i. p, 461 (1848) ;
actat. P. Z. & 18ftl, p. 138 (Para, Zool. Oard.) ; Phil. 4" Landb.
Oat.Av. OiU.^.^ (1868).
Qnenjuedula ipecuturi, G. R. Or. Gen. B. ui. p. 616. n. 9 (1846) ;
R^nb. &n. At>., Natatores, t. 80. f. 179 (1845) {ex Spii).
Qnetqueduia novw hiflpaniee, Rchnb. {nee Gm.) Sgn. At., Natatorea,
t.ll0.ff. 081-82(1845).
Querquedula braailienais, Lichl. Nomewl. At. p. 102 (18&1) ; Bp.
Compt. Bend, iliii, p. 050, n- 100 (1850) ; Selat. ^ iSaii: P. Z. S.
1869, p. 636 (Buenos Ajres) ; Peb. Om. Bras. pp. 320, 460, lii
(iUo Branco, S. Paulo and MatngroMo) (1870) ; Bum. P. Z. S.
1872, p. 368 i Sdat. 4- Salv. NomencL Ac. Neotrtm. p. 129 (1873) ;
Beht. P. Z. 8. 1873, p. 809 (Zool. Gurd.) ; Cab. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 231 ;
aiiat. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 390 (Bolivia, Pearce) ; Dumf. Hit,
1877, p. 192, 1878, p. 64; Sciat. P. Z. 8. 1880, p. 632; Soiu.
Oat. B. atrickt. Coll. p. 536 (1882); Sdaf. Zitt Ferl. An. 8th ed.
p. 433 (1883) : Barrowt, Auk, 1884, p. 273 (Entreritn) ; Beri. v.
JAerinj,, ZeitKkr. gea. On. 1886, p. 176 (Taquara) ; Berl. J.f. 0.
1887, p. 124; TrUtr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 48 (1889); Sdat. A^eni.
Dm. ii. p. 133 (1889) ; Oast. Min. Se. Cap Horn, vi. Oit. p. 312
(1891) ; Kerr, Ibii, 1892, p. 140 (Loner l>jlcoina;o) ; Aplifi, Ibit.
1894, p. 201 (Uruguay).
Nettioti btSNlifnaia, G. B. Gr. Band-Ua, iii. p, 84, no. 10667
(1871).
Abm (Querquedula) braailienaifl, BcAnip. Om. Ceiitralbl, lS83,p.20:
id. ITiff. aaol. Gnrt. p. 56 (1882).
Anas braailiennB X A. casUoea, SucAeUt ; Zevrrk. J. /. 0. 1800,
p. 221 ).
Adull mule. Upper parte olive-brown, the feathers of the back
ilarl:er in the centre ; forehead, anterior part of tho cheek, and
throat brown ; top of the head, occiput, and upper part of the nape
Mack, the tatter with u green gloss ; sides of tho head, ])OsterioTly.
tuid npper part of the sides of the neck dull greyish ; lower part of
the neck ^nd breast reddish, changing into groyiah on the abdomen
and under tiul-corerts ; the breast and abdomen with brown
268 ASATIDS.
obsolete spots or bars ; round the middle of tbe neck some small
black spots ; some round black spots on the sides ; rump Telvety
black; upper tail-coverts greyish olive ; under tail-coverts undulated
with some irregular dark cross lines, the tip of tke larger ones black ;
upper wing-covert* velvet}- black, but the greater row like the
secondaries glossy green, more or less with a purple gloss, espemally
towards the innermost of the latter, wbicb bave the apical haU
snowy white; between the green and tbe white portions a black
velvety band ; tertiale like tbe scapulars olive-brown ; primaries
black, the inner oues glossed with green on the outer webs ; under
wing-coverts black, with a green lustre ; azillaries white ; tail
black : " iris brown ; above dark greyish red, brighter on the edges ;
under mandible pale red ; feet cinnahar-red " ( WUd). Total length
17 inches, wing 8'15, tail 3'9, culmen 1'75, tarsus 1'25.
fimiale. Similar to the male, but somewhat duller; the top of
the head and the nape brown ; a whitish spot just a little over and
before the eyes, and a second one at the base of the bill abov«
the gape ; no black spots round the middle of the neck ; bill dark
brown.
Hah. South America, from New Granada and Guiana to Magellan
Straits.
a. Ad. ek.
Vicinity of Bogota, Nen
Granada ((7. Ci-omther).
;. ij ad. et juv. British Guiana,
Aunai, Brit Guiana, June
(H. Whtitly).
Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer).
Pelotas, Rio Gmnde do Sul,
/. Ad, sk.
g-i. Ad. sk.
k. <J juv. sk.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sir R. Schombnigk
S(UTin4jlodman ColL
A[. Claussen [C.].
Salvin-Godmao OoIL
Salvin-Godmau Coll.
31. KKrnoH. 268
Qnetqnediila muiillensls, ^l. {nte Qm.) Mim. Anat, p. 135 (1S38)
(^ examined) ■ ; id. ^. AtuU. p. 7S (16R8).
Anu rnbidoptHTH, i>u£. Om. Go/, p. UO, pi. Ivii. (<; nnd ?) (IS-IO);
e. R. Gr. Geo. B. iii. p. fiI6, n. 23 (1*45),
Anas rhodopua, Merrem in Erich u. Grub, Ene. sect i, toL xxxv.
p. 4G (1841).
Querauedula torquata, G. S. Gr. Lid B. Brit. Mta. iii, p. 131)
(1^) ; I'l'. Om. B. iii. p. 616, n. \i (164a) ; J7arf/. Ini. Atar.
Apml. p. 28, n. HI (IMT); Bp. Ctompf, BmA lUii. p. 660.
n. 105 {lB5rt) ; Srlat. P. 7.. S. 1807, p. 335 (Chili !) ; Stiat.^Sak.
P.Z.S. IWO.p. 635(Ar^atiiiB); jVle. Om.flrai. p.4e0 (1870):
JuTOT. P. it S. 1872, p. 367 (Pivranfi) ; Sdat. ^ Sale. Xomenel.
At. Ifeob-op. p. 129 {ArKWitiiio) (187S) ; Sctal. ^ Saiv. P. Z. S.
'" ; Setat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 522; BerK J. f. 0. 1 —
; A^n, Ibu, 1894.
I
p. 134 : Sflar. Ars/eat. Om. ii. p. 132
p. 201 (Uruguajr).
Aua rbodopMra, Dab. ierrere). Op. Cbmpl, Bmd, zUii. p, 050 (in
Mju. up. 105) (1856).
f Quenjuedula leiicophrys, Bp. I. e. n. 107 (185«).
NBttion ttaqniitajO. Jt. Gr. Hand4ul, iii. p. 83, u. 10606 (1871).
Adtdt nuiU. Crown and hind riBck black, expanded bolow into a
half-collar ; forehead dull gre}', streaked with black : checks, throat.
and aides of the neck doll whitish grey, with dusky strcttka on the
former ; back greyish olive ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverte deep black ; breast rosy red, each feather with a roandiah
subapical black epot; abdomen whitish, obsolot«ly barred with
grey ; flanks pure grey, waved with narrow black lines ; under
tul-coverts black, with a white blotch on each side at the base :
scapalars chestnut-red; upper wing-coverts glossy black, with a
irhitA patch on the anterior secondary -coverts ; seooudoriea broniy
green on the outer web, forming the speculum ; tertiaries olive-
brown, primanes blackish brown ; under wing-coverts black, the
greater ones brown-black; tail black: bill black (?); feel yellow.
Total length H inches, wing 7'2, tail 2-5. colmen 148, tarsus 1'08.
FtmttU. Brown ; superciliary stripe, middle of the cheekB, throat,
and «des of the upper neck white ; back and seapnlars olivo-browo :
rump and upper tail-coverta bhtck ; beneath dull whitish, with
broad Bubapicul pale brown bands, better defined on the flanks :
abdomen and under tail-coverls whitish, the latter powdered with
dusky ; wings as in the male ; tail brown : bill roddish brown ;
feet brown (or yellow ?).
Malr. Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine ; wrongly stated to
inhabit Chili, Brazil, and San Bomingo (Sehlegel).
a. [f ad. St. S, America. OM Coll.
li. g ad. eh. Buenos Avres ( If. It. Huthtm). Salvin-tiodman Coll.
r. S ad. St Probably ^liTia(£ria^«). Cumisg Coll.
270 AMUXDX.
32. DAFILA. ,_.
Type.
Daflla, Zeaei, in Brit. Mtu. ; Sttph. Oat. Zool. xii, 2,
p. 126 (1824) D. acuta.
TracheloQetto, Kaup, NaiUrL J^it. p. 115 (1829) D. aeutt.
Phadanunu, Wagl. Itis, 1832, p. 1225 D. acnta.
Daphik (I), SKi.,.fide Cbuu, Birdi N.-Weat, p. 663 (1874);
GUb. Thtt. Om. ii. p. 14 (1876).
Sange. Cosmopolitan, except Auitralia aod Nev Zealand, bat
one spedes has been found in the Phoenix tironp.
Kei/ to Ae Spedu.
a. Tail-featlwB not barred scroM.
a'. Central tail-feathers black, lateral ones
srej, with paler or whitish ma^na ;
bead dark brown ; a uatrow band at the
tip of the last row of wing-coverta
a". Lai^: culmen l'85-2-15 inches; an-
terior part and sides of nock, breast,
and middle of the abdomen white. . . . acuta iSt P- ^^
b". Smaller: culmen 1'36 inch: anterior
part and sides of neck, breast, and
abdomen dull gre^sh ; the breast with
narrow brown etreaks eatottt ij , p. 278.
b'. Central tail-feathera dark brown, a little
darker than the lateral ones; head
nifescent on the upfier part, wlutish on
the lower part, thicklj dotted with
blackish ; buid at the tip of the last row
of the wing-coverts, like the one at the
^ of the secondaries, bufi ipmioauda g $,p,279.
b. Tail-feathers blackish, barred across with
32.
271
Fiem.) ; Savi. Oni. Toic. iii. p. 156 (1831) ; MMtr. Cat. BaU.
Cane, p, 57 (Caapiui) (1832) ; Aud. Ont. Siogr. iii. p. 214 (1835) ;
St/rdm. m Ermann't Vert. Th. IV. p. 18 (1836); Aud. Om.
Biogr. t. p, 616, pi. 227 (1880) ; id. Syn. p. 279 (1839) ; Vig.
Zoot. Befches'i V"!/., Om. p. 31 (1830) ; Trmm. Mm. Snd ed.
iv. p. 683 (1840) ; K. ^ II. WirMth. F.ur. pp. Uji», 297 (1840) ;
A'own. VSg. DevtttM. xi. p. 638, Taf. 301 (1842) ; fkht-Longch.
Faun. Belg. i. p. 142 (1842) ; Aud. B. Am. vi. p. Slfe, pL S90
(1813) ; Giraud. B. Long lel. p. 310 (1844) ; IhSav, X. T. Ztml.
a. p. 341 (1844); HdtUg. lUt. Crit.-f. 115(1844); JloOolt, Faun.
Grortd. p. 64 (1846) ; Dtgl. Om. Eir. ii.p. 430 (1849) ; Lvinb.Av.
Cuh. p. 113 (1850); Temrn. 4" SehUq. Faun. Jap., Avrt, p. 138
(ISMjj Midd. Sib. Reii. p. 233 (1863J ; Watimgr. Namruamia,
1854, p. 271 (ScandinaTia) ; Zayard, Ann. 4- Mag. X. H. xiv.
p. 269 (Cevloni (1854); Adavu, P. Z. S. 18fi8, p. 510; Eittl.
VaOiw. ii. OT. 292, 343, 366 (1868) : Wied, J.f. O. 18.50. p. 169 ;
JUartent, ibid. p. 220 (Bermudas) ; FinaA, ibid. p. 366 (BulgMm) ;
Smnh. P. Z. S. 1803, p. 324 (CLiiui) ; Tristr. P. Z. S. 1864,
V. 463 {Pdesline) ; Schlfg. Mui. P.-B., Anseree, p. 87 (Senegal !,
fearil, Surmeitler'.) (1866); iVaw. PuttKb. Uaturi, n. 204
(1867-60); Daad, N. ArOi. du Mu:, Bull, vii., Cat. no. 448
(1871) ; Fintch, Abb. Tfr. Brem. iii. p. 60 (Alaska) (1872) ; CW.
Thei. Om. i. p. 343 (1872t; Seitrl::. Turkat. Jeeotn. p. 70
(11*7.3); Btvth,B. Burma.ip. lri6 (Arskan) (1875); Adatru, Ibit,
lfi-8,p.431(A]fleka); FmwA, Vtrh. t.-b. Ga. »Vcn,1879,p. 262;
Ltgge, B. of Ceyl. p. 1076 (1880); Scullg, Ibi>. 1881. p. 693;
Rchnw. J.f. O. 1800, p. 82; Serb. B. Japan. Bmp. p. 246 (1890) ;
Brrnidt, J.f. O. 1891, p. 267 (.\leutiftii t).
Ann» BubuUta, & O. Gm. Beiu SukI. i. p. 13, 1. 1 (£) (1771).
IHn-Iail. Pemi. Brit. Zool. ii. n. 282 (1776) ; Lath. »m. iii. 3, p. 326,
n. 72 (1785).
Anatra di coda lunga, Gerini, Star, dtgli fee. v. t. 581 (cf) (1770),
Canard a lonrue qaeui*, B'Aabatl. PL Enl. 964 (17— P),
PUet, Buff. Hiil. Nat. Oil. ix. p. 199, pi, 13 (1783).
.\Ea* alundica, ^wirm. Mut. OarU. faac. iii, t. 60 (1786).
Anaa BcutA ff, Gm. S. X. i. 2, p. 628 (1788) (ei' Baekf, Scbr. der
Bert, nahaf, Gea. ya. p. 459).
Abm ipamiuuiRi, Lath. Ind. Om. ii, p. 876, n. 110 (1790) (ex
SfMrrman] : VUUl. N. D. v. p. 157 (IslO),
Ana* caudocuta, Pall.Zoogr. Rouo-A». ii. p, 280(1811): £«aeA, Cat.
M. ^ B. Brit. Mm. p. 38 (1816).
Anas uiiiihoa, VieiU. A'. I), v. p, 163 (1616) (Mexico, ex Ber-
nandrt).
Dafila caiidacuta, Strph. Gm. Zool. iii. 2, p. J27, pi. 49 (1824);
Jard. Br. Bird*, iv. p. 120 (1837?); Sw. Ctait. B. ii, p, 367
(1837); GouW, B. af Eur. pi. 365 (1837); R/t. Man. Anat.
p. 11.3(1838); Fra«T, P. ■£. S. 1839, p. 134 (Eraefoom); Jerd.
Madr. Joum. xii. p. 220, n, 385 (1840) ; Dennv, P. Z. S. 1847,
p. 40 ; Orde, Ibi», 1859, p, 460 (N. Uist) ; Parker, P. Z. S. 1863,
p. 617 (aacral vertebrw) ; Egt. &fn. Anat. v. 78 ( 1868).
Tnchelonelto acuU. Kaup, Hatarl. I^it.n. 116 (1829).
Atuw caudata, Brehm. hit, 1830, p, 997, n, 3; tf. Nalurg. Vbg.
ZViriKiU. p. 869(1831).
Anaa (DafilB) cftiidacutn. Sic. ^ Birh. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 441
(1831).
Pbuiuiinii Bcului, Wagl. Int. 1832. p. 1235,
Quwqtiedula acata, &■%, lU. Brit. Om. ii. p, 311, pi. 69 ( (f), pi. 00.
S AII1TID.&
f. 2 ( $ ) (183S) ; StruAl. P. Z. S. 1836, p. 102 (Smvma) ; GuUh.
P. Z. S. 1876, p. 488.
Anas (Boscbaa) Acuta, A'utl. Man. ii. p. 886 (1834).
Amu (Dafila) acuta, Jenyni, Man. p. 332 (1835).
Dafilb acuta, Eut. Cat. Br. B. p. 60 (1836) ; Bp. Comp. Lut, p. 66
(1838); Blylk, P. Z. S. 1842, pp. 93, 94; Bartt. Ven. Ga. Mui.
p. 119 (1844) ; O.R.Or. Lilt B. BrU. Mia. iii. p. 134 (Jamaica)
(1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii. p. 615, n. 1 (1846) ; id. Cut. Hodg,. CoU.
B. M. p. 145 (Nepal) (1846) ; Beinb. Syn. Av., Natatotes, t. 88.
ff. 221-23 (1845) ; BUm. Sj/it. Ueb. p. 138 (184-')) ; ffo*^, B. Jam.
p. 408 (1847); Bbjth. Cat. B. Mut. A. S. B. p. 304, ii. 1775
(1849) ; Bchni. Av. iS}/ft. Nat. p. ijc (1853) ; Bnird, Stiaub. Sep.
p. 323 (1852); Woodh. Sitgr. Sep. p. 103 (New Meiico and
California) (1853) ; Licht. Xommcl. Av. p. 102 (Arabia) (1854) ;
Bp. Oimpi. Send, xxivii. p. 664 (1864) ; id. O^mpt. Rend, iliii.
p. 650, n. 112(1866); Neicb. F. R. R. Rep.^\. y- 102 (California,
Oregon) (1867) ; Sclal. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 206 (Jalapa) ; Gai. ^
Gundl. J. f. O. 1857, p. 227 (Cuba) ; Com. E^. Am. Sqfu-dr.
China Seas and Japan, ii. p. 231 (18C1) ; id. U.S. ErpL Exp.,
Mamm. ^ Om. p. 341 (1868) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 776 (1858) ;
id. Cat. N. Am. B. n. 578 (1859) ; Beerm. P. S. R. Sep. x.
pt. Ti. p. 60 (Catlfomia) (1859); Murr. Edinb. N. Phil. Joum.
1869, p. 229 ; Adamt, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 190 ; Sdat. 4r Salv. Ihii,
1869, p. 231 (Guatemala) ; Coop. ^ SuckL N. H. Waih. Terr.
p. 262 (1860) ; Bretper, Pr. Boit. Soc. X. B. TJi. p. 308 (Cuba)
(ISGO) ; Irbtf, Ri>, 1861, p. 250 (Oudh) ; Swinh. Ptii, 1861, p. 346
(N. Ciiina) ; Aibncht, J. f. O. 1862, p. 207 (Jamaica) ; Batpi.
Rep. 1862, p. 176 (Nebraska) ; Blak. Ibii, 1863, p. 332 ; Eoit,
Omad. Nat., vii. p. 162 (1862) ; id. Nat. Hist. Rei\ (2) ii. p. 287
(1862); Verrill, Pr. Ea. Jtut. iii. p. 158 (1862); 6. R. Gr.
List Br. B. p. 192 (1863) ; id. Cat. Rodoe. Coll. B. M. 2nd ed.
•>. 77 (1863) ; Sidnk. Ibi», 1863, p. 434 (Formosa) : Zoitr. Arm.
■ M 1- ..;;; .„ 1 o it)= i /lofioi. t i r> „f t-j ;;;
%l
N. y. viii. p. 13 (Pauama) (1863) ; Jerd. B. of Ind. i
■■ " Var<h, ^ ■ "■-■■-■■ -' '
.. Stti (l8liJ)i iVanh, Pr. .it: Philad. 18l!4, p. 7l jji
'Mure, Uiit, 18156, i). 443 (Great Britaici) ; Ifn-n. 11^. 1866,
'. p. z & 1
p. a91 ; Bhxnf. Emt. Persia, ii. p. 801 (1870) ; BhU. Str. FeatA.
IT. p. 29 (iSrO); Sadlv, &id. p. 200 (E. Turkertiui) (1876)1
Sharp*, Ibit, 1377. p. 24 (noroei.) ; Swinh. ibid. p. 147 ; Taa. Om.
iima. V<Kt. Sibir. p. 69 (18T7ji id. BiUl. Soc. Zoot. Fr. 18T7,
p. 46; Damdft OwU Ou. PAiiw, p. 498 (1877); Omdl. An. Soe.
Eip. Hilt. Nat. Tii. p. 442 (Porto Kico) (1878) ; Hume ^ Datit.
Sir. Fcath. vi. p. 439 (1878) ; Ptjcv. in Sotelej/'t Orn. Mite. iu.
LlOl (MongolU) (1878); Blakiil. 5- Pryir, Ihi», 1878, p. 213;
*, Ihit, 1870, p. 22: Humf, Str. Ftath. riiL p. 115, a. (162
findis) (187fl); &utf
P/iy». Sof. Edinb. 1880, ■
Prjifr, Tr. At. Six. Jap. viii. p. 184 (1680J ; Sdmidt, P. Z. &
188U,p.818; Stm.P.Z.8. 1880, p. 616; Hume ^ Monk. Game
B. of Ind. iii. p. 189, pL 26 (1880) ; Bidd. Ibit, 1881. p. 100
(Giigit) J Mfyio. Norn. N. Am. B. n. 805 (1881) ; A. ^ E. Ntwl.
Handb. Jam. p. 113 (1B81) ; BlakUt. ^ Prwr, Tr. At. Soc. Jap.
X. p. 97 (1883) i amet, Chtck-Ud, 2ud ed. p. 118, a. 710 (18^; ;
BtJi. Cat. B. Strkkl. Oill. p. 533 (1882) ; Oattt, Sf.r. FetOh. x.
p. 245 (1882) J id. Birdt Br. Barm. ii. p. 278 (1883) ; B. O. U.
JM Er. B. p. 134 (1883) : Setat. List Vert. An. Bth ed. p. 434
(1883); Tact. BuU. Soc. Zo<J. Fr. 1883, p. 343; 2feU. Cruise
• Oinroi,' p, 96 (1883) ; B., S., ^ R. IVater-B. N. Amet. i. p. 611
(1SB4) ; Couei, Key N. Am. B. p. 092, lig. 480 ; Badde, Omit
Cbw. p. 46G (1884) : Bktkift. Amend. List B. Jap. p. 9 (1864) ;
Q/OaJ. Am. Mm. Civ. Gen. (2) i. p. 243 (Shoa) (1884) ; Satmd.
Yarrtir* Bin. Br. B. iv. p. 380 (1884-85) ; Sttjn. BuU. U.S. Xal.
jtfM.iio.29,p, 153(1886); A. O. U. Chech-Vat N.Am. B.'o.lM,
n. 143 (1880) ; Turtle, Contr. N. H. of Atatka, p. lit (1886)
Salead. El. Ucn. Bat, p. 250 (1886) ; Nelt. Nat. Hitt. C«U. %n
Akuku, p. 69 (1887); Bidgv. Man. N. Am. B. p. 97 (1887);
Sckier, MT. om. Vrr. Wxen, 1887, p. 23 (breeding in Itoh«miB);
Martin, Bull. Sne. Zoot. FY. 1887, p. 88 (breeding near Brenne) ;
Stcjn. JV. U.S. Nat. Mat. 1887. p. 136 {Commander I.). 1688, p. 97
(Hftwuian 1st.) ; Oatet, IbU, 1888, p. 73 (Bhama) ; Too. P. Z. 8.
1S68, p. 460 (CoMi) ; Sali-ad. ^ Gigl. Mem. R. Ae. Sc. Tar. (3)
xxxix. p. 131 (Japui) (1888) ; Salvad. Ann. Mut. Ctv. Gen. (2)-n.
pu 320 (Shoa) (1888) ; I)orrkt,J./. 0. 1888, p. 93 (E. Siberia) ; Qny,
Auk, 1888, p. 62 (Cuba, Jamaica, Porto Rico); id. S. W. Ind.
p. 203 (1889) i Trittr. Cat. Call. B. p. 60 (1889) ; Exrett, Joarn.
Str. Br. R. At. Soc. 1889. p. 192 (Borneo); Samtdert, Man. Brit.
B. p. 417 ; /.itford. Col. F^. Brit. B. pt liii (1890) j Stetre, Litl
B.^M.of fhe Fhilij^ntt, p. 27 (Laam) (1890) ; B«m.. Ibit,
1881, p. 72 (incubiiliou) ; Sfiarpe, ibid. p. 116 (Fbo) ; Stomi, ibid.
pp. 328, 490; Sharpe, See. Fork. Mitt., Aim, p. 131 (1891);
BarieH, Sat. Vogdtamml. p. 282 (1891); Siorpf, Cat. Otleol.
Spec. ColL Surff. iii. p, 302 (1891) ; Haleh, B. of Minnet. p. 49
(1802); Seottirilt..foetHawai.pt.h.p. — Oma); Chapm. Ibit,
1884, p. 349 (W. Jutland, breeding) ; Quit. Oit. Turketl. etc.
(Noup. Arek. Mut. (3) vi. p. 100, 18^).
QiUiqueduU caudNCiila, Mangitl. Man. Om. Ii. V-^^Q (1843).
Pafila loDgicaudfl, /In-bm, Naumannia, 1865, p. 297.
DafiU caudaU, Brehm, ibid.
Dafik ocuM a. amoHcuiia, Bp. Compt. limd. xtiii. p. 050 (1866).
Aou (Dalik) acula, ScAnmA, Vo.j. d. Amur-Lande, p. 481 (1860) ;
VOL. XXVU. I
Eadde, Seise S. O.-Sibir. u. p. 871 (1863) ; Beknw. On. GaiiraliL
1882, p. 20; uJ. Vdg. tool. Gart. p. 63 (1883).
Daphiln acute, Oieb. Thei. (h n. ii. p. U (187S1.
DfipbUit loDgicauda, Qieb, ibid.
Hybridi.
Dafila acuta X RbyncliBspiB cljpeata, Sdyt, Bp. Compt. Send. xliu.
p. 660 (1856).
Anas boMshas x Dafila acuta, A. Netct. P. Z. S. 1660, p. 338,
pL cliviii.
Anas acutaxA. querquedula, Leadb. P. Z. S. 1862, p. &i.
Dafila acuta d X Aoaa boschas (domesticB) S , Blot, in Aiium. Fin;.
Dndtchl. xiii. 2, p. 308, Taf. 389. f. 3 (1800) ; Sdat. P. Z. S.
1860, p. 616.
Pintail ij X Common Duck $ , rarrell, Sitt. Brit. B. {Saand. ed.),
iv. p. 383 (1884-85).
AduU male. Head and upper neck plain hair-brown, darker on
crown, and faintly glossed on sides of occiput with purple ; upper
half of hind neck black, with a white stripe on each side, conflnent
with the white of the lower neck and breast ; lower hind neck
greyish brown ; back, sides, and flanks waved with grey and dnsky ;
upper tail-coTerts black, the median broadly edged with grey ; longer
scapulars velvety black, edged with whitish ; wing-coverts uniform
brownish grey, the last row broadly tipped with cinnamon, producing
a distinct bar ; primaries brownish grey, darker towards the tip ;
speculum varying from dull metallic green to bronzy purple, tipped
with whit«, and crossed by a sabterminal bar of velvety black ; the
inner quill of the speculum velvety black, with a white band along
the inner part of the outer web ; tertials grey, marked with a velvety
black median stripe ; abdomen, whitiah, dusted with grey, lower
flanks with a buff tinge; under tail-coverts black, the outer ones
white on the enter web ; central tail-feathers long, acuminate, and
ii2, DATH,!.
275
«ovprt«, and most of tho feathers of the nunp are broadly barred,
ioHlead of enely vermiculatod, with white {Stthohm).
Ailull mala in niotdlijitj-jiluinaije may be distinguished from adult
females by liaving an alar sgieaulum, and lieing richer aad darker in
colour (Setljokm).
Yoany in floivn have the same pale spots on the upper parte as
those of the Mallard, but the white oa tho throat and holly is sligbtly
suffuwed with Rroy inslead of hulF, and in addition to the dark line
puAStn;; through the eye. a »ecoiid dork line passes from the lores
iidlow the eye to the iiapc \Stffiohm).
According to some omithologiata, European specimens ilifter verj-
apprftciably from North American in having a narrower speculum
{B„ H.. ^ B.), bat 1 have failed to find that there is any appre-
ciable differenee.
Ilah. Northern Hemisphere, breeding ia the northern parts, and
migrating southward to Northern Africa, India, Ceylon, China, and
Japan, and in America as far as Panama and Cuba.*
b. (fjUT.St.
r. 9 ad. It
A c; sd.Bk.
(L (f ad.ik.
/. PolLak.
g, K rf ad. el
f. rfjuT.ak.
f,r. ij? ad. ak.
«. (fad-ak.
Slietland, April.
Aldeburgb, Suffolk, Sept
Cambridgrahire.
Devonshire.
Valk^nswHHrd, Holland.
Arcachon, Fnuiee, Jan., Nov.
{E. r. SwAoAm).
Near Seville, Spain, Feb.
(ff, Samdfrt).
Egypt, Feb. (0. E. S.).
Egypt, March.
Anjrollsla {Marrit).
.\ichangel.
Neriniiiwstaja, Ob River,
Sept.
Yen-e-»ai, Siberia, i^t.O
H. 3. Elwes, £eq
Theodore Flsber,
Esq. [P.].
Purchased.
Montagu ColL
Montagu CoU.
Salviu-Codraan Coll.
Seebohm CoU.
Shellev CoU.
Dr. 'fVOTthinirtoa
[P.J. ^
India Museum [P.]'
n. It. Sharpe, Esq.
Dr. O.'tlnsch [P.].
Seebohm CoU.
• Dafila uoDEar*.
TWnfr. F. Z. S. 1886, p. 70. pi. »ii, (Svdnoy I., Phoioii
Onrap, Ooitr. Paoifle) ; id. Cat. Coll £. p. SO (ISeo!; Luter. P. Z. S.
18ftl, pp. 289. 288, 300 ; H'.^fo™, Aea Polgn. p. 71 (1891).
Cauoo Trittniin La* kiadlj Mat ine fur inspectiou lb« t^vpa* of hi* I), mud/tta ;
Ic u iminaturp. ho* Ihp right ving out, and bu been kept in oonlliitf-
1 ouiaut (Irttinguiiih them froin Hjina tpaHiuen* of D. aatUa ; still.
oMubbriug ih» loeaUiy whcnmi tliey came. I do not think it quite m,h, at Itott
(br iha prnent, to UentiQ' 1). niodcala with D. acuta.
276
AVA-nvs.
t-w. rf 2 >i 8k.
Lob-nor, Feb. {Ptjtt^aUky).
H. Seebohm, Eaq,
W. D. Cmmning,
In^^uMum [P.].
X. rf jUT. 8k.
Fan, Peraan OuU, Oct.
y.B. cJ2ad,8k.
V, f, ,: i 9 «a.
Bagaad.
Kenneth LoftuB,Esil.
8t ij iuv. ak.
i. Si>d.<k.
[P.].
Kandahar, Feb.
Lt.-ColDnel Swinhoe
[P].
Hume ColL
t'. 6 ad. ak.
Kandabar, Feb.
/'-.-. ,J S «i. et
India.
Purchaaed.
ijjm.di.
»'.V«i.ak.
N. India.
India Miiaeum [P.]-
f. <j8d. 8k.
Ouibee Dehra, Laikhana,
Jan. (A. 0. H.).
Hume CoU.
».■. J aJ. ak.
Koree, Uppei- Sindb, Jan.
Eoree, FeC
Hume CoU.
n'. d ad. ak.
India Muaeum [P.].
a', tf 8d, ak.
DeM.
Hume Coll.
/. 5 ad. ak.
Guwaon, Delhi, Feb. (W.
If. CMU).
Hume Coll.
J'. <J ad. ak.
KumaoQ (Stracheii).
India Museum [P.].
t'-x/. d ? ad. at
Etawah, Not.
Hume CoU.
JiuT.ak.
vf-t. rfSad.et
Allahabad, March, Nov.,
Hume ColL
iav. i'
Dec. {A. 0. H.).
Oudh.
Capt. Stackhouae
PinwiU [P.],
n", V. (J ad. 8k.
Oudh, Dec, Jan.
Hume Coll.
y.i^.A.
Sultanpur, Oudh, Feb.
Hume CoU.
»". J iJ. ak.
Hwdu5, Oudh, Feb. {A.
Anderam).
Nepal
Seebohm Coll.
f-a". rf8ad.ak.
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
at (J JUT. at.
[P.].
p". 9 ad. ak.
Nepal Dolaka, Jan.
Iliuue Coll.
J'. /ad. dr.
Manoum, Ninal, ApriL
J. ScuUt. Esq. [P.].
32, DAFILA.
277
^. S ftd* sk.
**. $ juv. fik.
P. cJ juv. sk.
m*. 2 juv. sk.
n\ $ ad. St.
0*. c^juY.sk.
P\f' (^ juv- et
pull. sk.
r*, «*. (S juv. sk.
/*, tt*. (^ ad. et cT
JUY. sk.
«*. c^ ad. sk.
v*. c^ ad. St
4^. cT ad. sk.
y", 2^. cJ ad et cT
juv. sk.
a*. cT ftd. sk.
A*, c? ad. sk.
c*. 2 io^m- sk,
rf*. $ ad. sk.
«*-;>*. f^ $ ad. et
JUV. sk.
5^-u*. $ ad. sk.
27*. cT ad. sk.
V*. 2 a^* sk.
X*. $ ad. sk.
y*. cT ad. sk.
X*. Pull. St.
a'. cJ skeleton.
^. Skeleton.
c*. Skeleton (im-
perfect).
Yokohama, Japan
Fryer).
BintuJu/ Nov.
Labuan, Dec.
Sarawak.
N. America,
Kotzebue Sound.
St. Michael's, Alaska, July,
Aug. (JE. W. Nelson),
W. side of Rocky Mts.
British Columbia.
Washin^n, D. C, March,
Missouri Brakes, Montana,
April.
Fort Dufferin, April.
49th Parallel.
Canada.
Indiana.
Washoe Lake, Nevada, Nov.
Weaverville, N. California,
March (J. S, Cairns).
Corpus Christi, Texas, Jan.,
Oct., Dec. {F. B. Arm-
stroTKj).
Tarpon Springs, Florida,
Jan., Nov. (W, E, I).
Scott).
Zacatecas, Mexico ( W. B.
Richardson).
Dueiias, Guatemala, Feb.
(0.6'.).
San Jose, Costa Rica, May
(M. L. CaUeja).
Antigua, Constancia (O. S,),
London Market, March.
Nepal.
(J7. Seebohm Coll.
Wa
Purchased.
A. H. Everett, Esq.
"C.].
"allace Coll.
Sir G. Back [P.].
Capt. Kellett & Ijeut.
Wood [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. K. Lord, Esq. \V.\
J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.J.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
E. S. Cameron, Esq.
[P.].
N. America Bound-
ary Conun. [P.].
N. America Bound-
ary Comm. [P.].
Government of
Canada PP.]-
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman ColL
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Zool. Soc.
Purchased.
B. n. Hodgson, Esq.
[P.J.
d^j e*. Ad. St.
/•. Ad. St.
y*. c^ ad. sk.
Hybrids.
Dajila acuta x Anas hoscas.
Great Britain. Old Coll.
Great Britain. Frederick Bond, Esq.
[P.J.
Beardstown, Illinois, ApriL H. Saunders, Esq.
[P.].
2. Daflla eatooi. (Plate ni.)
Querquedula sp., 0. Jt. Gr. Litt B. BriU Miu. iii. p. 138 (Kerguelei
Querquedula keipielenms, Clarkt, Wre<A of the 'limorUe,' p. 18t
(1650) (deacr. niilk).
Queiquedula eatoni, Sharpt, Ibis, 1876, p. 328 (Kenueleu laland)
Couai, Qmlr. Nat. Hut. Eerg. /«. p. 4 (1876) ; Kidder ^ Couet,
Bail. V.S.Nat.Mut. iL p. 4 (1875); Cab. J. J. O. 1875, " ""
Kidder, op. cd. iii. p. 7 (tmre) (1870) i CtA. * SchniB. J.f. O. 1876,
^. 329 ; Sharpe, Tratu. Vea. E.cped., Zool., Birds, p. 5, pi. Ti.
1977); Eaton, ibid. f. 7 (Crozettea) (1877); Sclal. P. Z. S.I878,
p. 578) Sharps, Phil. Zran*. clxviii. p. 105, pi. ri. (1879); Eaton,
tbid. p. 107 (Crozettea) (1879) ; MoieUy, Noiei, pp. 190, 191 (1879);
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 310 {egaa), 1880, p. 523 ; td. Toy. CkaOaig.,
Birds, pp. 113, 150 (1881) ; Milne-Edv>. Reeh. Faun. Big. Auttr.
chftp. ii. p. 40 (1882) ; B., B., ^ R. Water-B. N. Am. ii. p. i
(DOte) (1^) ; Pagenit. Jakrb. d. Hamb. Wissmsch. Anst. ii. p. 8
(pan) (1884) ; Cab. J.f. 0. 1888, p. lia
Adult male. Head aod upper part of the neck dark brown, tiie
feathers with narrow central darker Btripes ; nape blackish with
pale dottiugB ; interscapular region and back brown, waved
with narrow whitdsh bars ; scapnlare long and acnminate, black,
with greyiah edgee, the onter ones black on the apical part out-
wardly ; npper tail-corerta brown edged with whitish, the onter
ones black on the outer web ; nnderparta dull greyish, with a slight
brown tinge on the crop-region, which is thickly dotted with small
blackish spots or streaks, the latter finer on the breast ; sides and
flanks regularly barred with black and white, the white bars the
narrowest ; crissnm black in the middle, greyish outwardly ; wings
greyish brown ; speculum bronzy green, but the upper and lower
paiis velvety black, bounded anteriorly by a narrow cinnamon
32. KAnti. 279
Immature maU. Resemblra the female, bat haa the iringB as in
Uie ad nit malo.
Touny, Resembles the female, but has the feathen of the lower
parts centred with brown atreaks,
rotiiuf in rfi'wn. Similar to the young iu down of D. actiUt, Imt
the sides of the head Uislinctly nifescont; a tinge of the same
appears also od the thrust, breast, and sides.
The type of Ihis species is an iminmature male, and does not show
the cbantcteristica of the genus, which are ijaito evident iu the
fiilly adult male— almost a miniature of the male Pintail.
Ball. Eerguclen Island, and apparently also Crozette Islands.
*-/■ d 5 «d.,juv., Kerguelen L 'Challenp^^' Eip^d. [C.]-
et pulL sk.
/, k. $ sd. et (J KePgueleo L (Eaton). The Admiralty [P.].
imm. «k. (Types of the species.)
ii A, /. (f S ad. sk. Kerguelen I. Antarctic Exped. [C.].
m. Imm. tic. Crozette L Capi. Armson [P.].
3. Dafila ipiiuc&ada.
Pato cola A^uda, Asira, Apunt. iii. p. 421, n. 42H (Bocnos Ayrea)
(leOS) nude
Anas xpinicaada. TieUl. N. D. v. p. 13-5 (1816) ; id. Eik. Mtth. i.
p. Me (1833) ; Ourm. La Ptata-lUiie, U. p. 515 (ParaaS) (1801) j
SciUg, Mtu. F.-B., Anseres, p. 38 (1866); Ok6. Thee. Ora. i.
p. 3^ (1873).
Anas oxTura, Licht. in Miu. Smvl. ; Maim, Noea A eta, xvi. Suppl.
i. p. 123 (Chili) (1834); Mentm, JErtdi ^ Orub. Ene. sect. i.
votxxsv. p, 43 (1841) ; C. S. Gr. Gm. B. iii. p. 616. n. 22 (1846) ;
Dftilun, in Oa^i Faim. CM. i. p. UQ (184«) ; Licht. Nomenel.
-Jr. p. 10I(I85J); Qm. t/'.S..i«lr.£n>. iL p.202(1866); Burm.
Im Plata-BeiM, ii. p. 616 (Meodoza) (1861) ; PhiL ^ Lama, OU.
Av. Chil. p. i\ (18B8); Phil^, OrnU, iv. p. 160 (1888 ) (Aiito-
taga»M); Waugh ^ LalaiU, Act. Soc. Se. CKiVi, IT. p. Ixxx'a.
(renaflores) (1804).
Enamatura spinicnuda, O. «. Or. Oen. B. iiL p. «27, n. 7 (1844) ;
Uartt. hid. Atar. Apunt. p. 27, n. 420 (1847) ; G. R. Gr. Om. B.
iii. Append, p. 28 '■""■ ■■ - '- ■" ""■ ■"'. >■
(S. Braiil) (1870).
Datila oxTura, BcAnk &p>. Av., Natatore^ 1 88. S. Q-iO-OSI (1845) ;
*to. /'. Z. S. 1867, p. SS5 (Chili) ; G. R. Gr. Uand-litl, iii. p. 81,
uo. 10633 (1871) ; Tad. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 65* (Peru), 1B82, p. 47
(N.E. Peru) i PhUippi, Omit, \i. p. lOO (Antofsffasta) (1888).
DaQla spinicauda, Bp. Gmtpt. Rend. xUii. a. 660, n, 113 (1B66);
Sclal. & Sale. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 146 (llep. Ar?.). 1869. p 167
(Tinla. Peru) ; iid. Una, 1870, p. 601 : Sdat. P. Z. S. 1870,
jro. 66.5, OtW, pi. MSTiii. i O.fi. Or. .HoniWW, iii. p. 81, n. 10a»l
{1871); Jana.i'.Z.S. I87S, p.3e7(ArjfeotiDe); Oarrod, P. Z. S.
1873, pp. 467, 639; Selat.^ Sale. Nommd. Av. Nratrop. p. 180
(1873); iid.P.Z.S. 1870, pp. 17, 392 (Peru): Duntf. IbUA^O,
p, 1«8. 1877, pp. 41. 193, 1878, pp. W,401 (Centr. Palag.) : Setat.
P. Z. 8. 1880, p 516 ; Sharpi, P. Z. S. 1881, p. H; S^v. Cat.
B. StrickL CoU. p. 533 (1682) ; Milne-Edvi. Sech. Fmm. JUg.
Atatr. ch. is. p. 46 (1882) ; WhiU, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 42; Siiat.
lAtt Vert. An. Sth ed. p. 433 (1883); Barrow*, Auk, 1884,
p. 274 (Entrerios) ; Boeek, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1884, p. 167
(extract, p. 24} (Cocbabamba, Bolivia) ; Sclat. P, Z. S. 1886, p. 402
(TarapacS) ; Taez. Om. Pir. iu. p. 481 (1886) ; Berl. J.f. O.
1887, p. 133 (Paraguay P) ; Sclat. Argent. Om. ii. p. 134 (1888) ;
Triar. Cat. Coll. B. p. 60 (1889) ; Srlat P. Z. S. 1891, p. 136
(Tarapacfi); Sdal. lbt», 1890, p. 425; tarn, P. Z S. 1801, p. 178
(ducluB Botalli); Oiut. Atitt. Se. Cap Horn, vi. OU. p. S09
(1891); fflirfart, Kat. Vageliamml p. 281 (1891); Kerr, Ibit,
1892, p. 146 ; Holland, BiU, 1892, p. 207 ; Berkeley Jamtt, Nao
List Ckil. B. p. 9, D, 167 (1892) ; Aplin, Ibii, 1894, p. 201
(Uniguaj).
Dafila urophaaanus, Sclat. (nee T'iff.) P. Z. S. 1660, p. 388 (Fidk-
laDds) ; Abdalt, Ibii, 1861, p. 100 (FalklandB).
Anaa (Dafila) spinicauda, Surm. J. /. O. leW, p. 266, n. 246
(HendoHt) ; MUne-Edm. SecA. Faun. Big. Auttr. cbap. ix. p. 45
(1882).
Aii«B (Dafila) eaudacuta, Burm. {nee PaS.) ibid. p. 247 (Paranfi).
Dafila sp., Sdat. ^ Salt. Ibii, 1868, p. 189 (Sandy Point).
Dafila caudacuta, G. R. Gr. Sand-litt, iii. p. 81, n. 10683 (Fannfi)
(1871).
DaphUi* Bpinicauda, Giti. The*. Om. ii. p. 14 (1876).
Anae (Dafila) spinicauda, Bch«u>. Om. Oentralbl. 1882, p. 20; ti'.
VUg. Md. aurt. p. 63 (1882).
Byhridt,
Dafila Binnicauda <; X .£z spODM $ , JVnn, P. Z. & 1891, p. 830 ( cf ).
Adult male. Above brown, feathera black in the centre, those of
the back, ramp, and upper tail-coverts mctigined with greyish
blown, the ecapnlnrs mai^ned with nifouH-brown ; head above
33, PffiCILONETTA. 281
ffiA. Sontt America, from Sonthern Brazil on tlie East and
Southern Peru on the West to Maf^ellan Straits and Falkland Islands.
d. Ad. tk.
e,/. Ad. 8k.
p. Ad. Ek.
A. cj ad. ik.
m, B. <J$ ad.
sk.
«,»?. (JS ad.
»Mi. J ad. et
(J 2 juv. A.
p-y. d 2 ad. et
JUT. ak.
>. Ad. Ik.
Tinta, Peru, .Tune.
Lafrunti de Tangnsuca,
Peru {If. jniffl^}.
Laguna de Langiu, Feb.
IH. H'hiltly).
ChUi.
Chili (E. a Bead).
Chill (£. C. AwrfV
Kio Bueno, Chill, Jan.
Sacaya, ProT. of Tarapaca,
CHili, March.
Silani, Tarapaca, Jan.
Corral, Chill, Oct.
Rio Pilmaiquen, Chili, Feb.
Central Chili.
Talcahuano, Sept.
Sand? Point, Sir. of Ma-
freOan, Dec
Falkland U.
Uruguay, Sept.
Monte Video (Jahmton).
Moreno, Buenoa Ay res,
Nov.
Bred iu confinement.
SalvJn-tToduian C
n.J.ElweB,Esq.[T.].
Piirehased.
Purchased.
SrJvin-Undnittn Coll.
11. Berkeley Janiai,
E«,. [P.].
H. Iwrkeley James,
Esq. [P.].
n. Berkeley Jamea,
Esq. rp.].
H. Berkeley James,
Esq. IP.]:
H. Berkeley Jnmef,
Esq. [P.].
B. Berkeley Jamas,
Eeq. [P.].
Dr. Coppinger [C.].
SalTia-Oodman CoIL
Ttrecddale OoU.
Alan Peel, Esq, [C.].
Salvin-Oodmaa Coll,
H. Dumford, Esq.
[P.l
Lord Lilford [P.].
Htbkid.
Dafila tpinicawla jf X .-Ex tjpotun ?■
Bred in confinement {Zool. Frank Finn, Esq.
33. PffiCILOlTETTA.
PKrilnnitta, Eytnn, Mob. Anat. p. .SI (1838) P. bahamenns.
INeciloiiitla, (5. S. Or. LUt Gen. H. p. 74 (If^O).
PcBcilcaietta, Asauix, Xoiitcncl. Zool., Ai-et, p. 61 (1&43-46).
Jtanfft. Soatbem America from tho West Indies southwards, aud
Africa toatb of the Sahara.
I
Kry to the SjoenM.
«, T»i! and upper lail-coverta pale rufous, nearly
uniform; central tajl-fealbera muun elon-
gated and acuminale.
, (-lieeka pure white, \vith no dark spots :
(iie lar^r ; wing S*4 to 10 inebea
b'. Cheeks vrhitiBh, thieUf speckled with
brown : size smaller; wing 7'6 inches . . galapagentU, p. 264.
(, Tail and upper lail-coTerto brown, the feKthers
with narTDw whitish or grejdBh edges ; central
tail'faatherB not partJcuXarlj elongsled «TyfArorAyneAa,p.S86.
1. Pmcilonetta bahamaiiBig.
MarecB, Anatis Bjlveatris speciee, Marcgr. But. Br. libr. t. p. 314
(J648).
Anas behameDBis, Cate^, Carolina, i. p. 98, t. 93 (1754) ; Briu.
Om. V\. p. 368 (1760).
Ilathera Duck, Co(#rfy, ibid. ; Lath. Syn. iii, 2, p. 607, n. 6S (1785).
Anas bahamengis, Linn. S. JV. i. p. 199, n. 17 (1706) (ex Cateibj/) ;
Gm. S. JV. i. 2, p. 616, n. 17 (178») ; Lath. Ind. Om. iL p. 865, a 58
(1790) i rieill. N. D. t. p. 126 (1816) ; LuJU. Abk. h. Ak. Wif
tensch. Berl. 1816-17, p. 172 ; Dim. Did. Sc. JVirf. \i. p. 386
(1817); Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 925 (8.E. Brazil) (1832); Fraier,
P. Z. S. 1843, p. 119 (Chili); T«A. Wii^m. Arch. 1844, i. p. 315
(Pern) ; id. Faun. Per., Avee, p. 64, n. 2 (1846) ; P Yarrell, P. Z. S.
3847, p. 54 (Chili; egg); Burm. ^ri. Ueb. iii. p. 436 (1856);
Cab. f.f. O. 1857, p. 3-i7 (Anmerh.) ; Gundi. J.f. O. 1861, p. 191
(Cuba); SeAi^. Mus. P.-B., AnBeres, p. 55 (1866); Sund. (Efe.
E. Vet.-Ak. Fiirh. 1869, p. 691 ; ffieft. Thee. Om. i. p. 346 (1872).
Marec, Buff. Hitl. Nat. 0«. ix. p. 266 (1783).
Anas ilathera, Bonn. Enc. Mlth. i. p. 151 (1791).
Fato pico aplomado y roxo, Axara, Apunt. iii- p. 436, n. 433 (Buenos
Aires) {1§06).
Canard & bee rouge etplomb£,iSi>ni)vit, 'lair. Fay, ir. p. 340, n. 433
(1809).
Anas mbiirostris, Vieia. N. D. v. p. 108 (1816) (ex Axara) ; id. Sue.
MHh. i. p. 363 (1833) ; G. ILGr.Gen. B. iii. p. 616, n. 16 (1845).
Mareca balianiensis, Si<y)k. Get). Zoi,t. xii. 2, p. 137 (1824).
Anns urophui^iiiDus, Virf. Zool. Jtrurn. it. p. 857 (N.W. America !)
■*"' — ; Lest. Compl. de Buff., OU. \x. p, 536 (1837) ; id. op. cit.
33. pfflcii-ONErTA. 283
p. Ml (1656) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 776 (note) (1858) ; ftfa.
ifrwf NoBora, Vim. p, IS8 (Chili ; oaa) (1865) ; Sdat. P. Z. S.
I867,p.336(0bUi); FhU.^Landi,. Cal.Av. Cktlt, y. i\ (lHHS) i
Sclat. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 146 (ConcUitas); PtL Om. Bra*.
pp. 320, 460, Iriii (1870) ; Burm. P.Z.S.1 872, p. 307 (Argentine) ;
/*&.««, 1873, p. 40; Sclat. ^ Salv. Ni>mmcl.Ai: Neotno-f. 130
(1873); i<d. P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 803 (part.) ; Durn/, Ibu, 1876,
p. 163, 1877, p. 102 (Buenoa Ayres) ; Xoiw. iV. U.8. Nat. Mm.
1. n. 487 (Antigua, Guadeloupe) (1878) ; Too. P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 243 (Tuinbez, N. Peru) ; Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 316 : &^l.
P. Z. S. 1880, p. 516; Coiy, B. Bahama l$l. p. 185 (1881); A, ^
E. Ntwt. Haitdb. Jant. p. 113 (1881) ; Sdii. Oi?. B. Striekl Coll.
p. 633 (1882) ; Selat. List Vert. An. 8(h ed. p. 435 (1r<83) ; Barrow*,
AiA, 1884, p. 274 (Timiwis); Botck, MT. om. Ver. WieH, 1884,
p. 167 (Mtract, p. 34) (Cocl»tbiinib», Boli»iii) ; Cory, B. Haiti
mdStatDomiHffo, p. 167 (18SS); id. Litl B. W. Ind. p. 31 (1885);
Sak. Ibu, 1886, p. 172 ; Taa. On. Fir. iii. p. 482 (1886) ; Mao-
Pitrl. lint, 1887, p. 203 (Aricn, Mollendo) ; Sidgtu. Man. N. Am.
B. p. 08 (1887) ; Btrl. J. f. 0. 1887, p. 133 (Parsmiay ?) : Oury,
AtOi, 1888, p. 02 (Bubamiu and Antilles) ; id. B. W. Ind. p. 20:t
(1880): ScUit. Argait. Om. U. p. 135 (186d){ Tritlr. Cat. OoU.
£.p.S6(188U); Meyer, Abb. F^k^&M. Taf . cxvi. {ISSS) ; HoU.
Jj- Sclat. Ibit, 1890, p. 435; Owrf. Afw.. Sc. Cap Som, tj. Om.
p, 314 (1801) ; Pma. J.f. O. 1801, p. 125 (Cordoba) ; SaHert,
Xat. VngtUmml. p. 231 (1801) ; SAam, Cat. Osteal. Sptdm. Cbll.
Sia-s/.m. p. 302 (1891); SoUatid, Ibt», 1803, p. 207; Berkeley
Jmntt, iVaw Lilt CMl. B. p. 0 (1802).
Pcecilonetta baliameuus, Bchnb. Syn. At., NaUtores, I. 83. f. 022
(1M5) ; GoiM, B. Jam. p. 408 (1847) ; BikiA. Av. Sy*. Xat. p. be
<18<)2); Sclet.P.Z.S. 1860, p. 380 (Falklaods); Abbott, Ibii,
1861, p, 160 (FiJblaiids) ; AUn-ttM, J.f. 0. 1862, p. 207 ; March,
Pr. Acad. Philad. 1864, p. 71 ; Sclai. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 620 (breed-
S' !) i G. R. Gr. Band-titt, iii. p. 81, n. 10630 (1871) ; Sundet.
tth. not. Ac. di»p. Teat. p. 147 (1872) i (hmdl. J. /. O. 1874,
*■ • «. An. Soc. Etp. Uitt. Nat. ■ "
1.314 (Porto
1878) ; irf. ^. / 0- 1878,™. 163, 190,1881, p. 400 (Cuba)!'
-■' — "' urophtisiimu*, £p. Campt. Said. xliiL p. 650, n. 116
76 (18^).
O. 1860, p. 366; id. La
Sehm. Om. Ordralbl.
^^ green,
^^^ colour
Peciloi
(1856).
Datila utDphflAiann, Baird, B. N. Am.
Ants (D&ula) bahnmeiins, Burm. J.
PUia-Beite, ii. p. 515 (Uruguay) (IHII)
1682, p. 200 ! id. rUg. :ooL GiirL p. 63 (1883).
PndlonetU urophuinuus, O. K. Gr. Iland-tUt, iiL p. 81, n. 10637
(1871).
Daphila bahamensiB, Gieb. TAet. Orn. ii. p. 14 (1875).
AduU malt. T7pp«r part of the head, nape, lower neck, upper
back, breast, and abdomen reddish, nitb black spots, almOHt roond,
ou the neck, breast, and abdomen ; cheeks, sides of the head, and
throat pure irhitc ; tower back and rump blackisli brown ; upper
tsil-coverts, tail, and under tail-covorts immaculate fawn-colour,
the latter with a slight rosy tinge ; the tail paler towards the tip ;
■CBpolars blaok, edfed on both webs with reddish ; wing dark slaty
green, tpeoulum glossy green, margined antcriorl_v by a fawn-
coloured band, formed by the tips of the greater wing-ooverts, and
jMMtcriorly bj- a velvety black band, followed by a broader one of a
fawn-colour, formed by the tipe of the secondaries ; tertials dnaky
brown edged with fawn-colour, the inner ones velvety black along
the middle ; under wing-coverts like the upper ones, bnt the greater
ones grey, and the inner once, like the axillars, whitish : bill bloish-
lead, with two red or bright orange-yellow spots at the base of the
npper mandible ; feet brown. Total length I'J inches, wing 8-4-10,
tail 5, calmen 1-85, tarsus 1-40.
Femaie. Similar to the male, but somewhat smoll.er and lea*
bright, especially on the Bpeculum.
Young male. Similar to the female.
Young in down. Very idmilar to the same stage of DaJUa acuta,
but the white of the sides of the head aod nnderparta with a slight
yellow tinge.
Hah. Bahamas, Antilles, and the whole of South America, with
the Falklands, but not in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
a. Ad. sk. Antigua, W. Indi^, Feb. W. India Committee
(FrUdat). [P.].
h. d ad. ek. Cajutuba, Bradl (Nat- Sah-in-Oodman Coll
terer).
e. Ad. sk. Buenos Ajres, Aug. H.]>uraford,Esq.n
d. Ad. St Chili. C. Crawley, Esq. f
e. Ad. St. S. America. J. E. Gray, Esq. ^
f,ff. 6 ad. et Bred in confinement (Zool. H.J.Elwas,Eaq. {T-j
ad. sk. Soc.), Feb., Oct.
h. Ad. St Dr. Giinther [P.].
I, k. PuU. St. Zoolo^cal Society.
;. Skeleton.
*.. PtBcilonetta galapagensia.
■•I
n TT>T
23. ttKciLOKETii. 265
3. Fouilonetta erythrorhyncha.
Crimson-billed Duck, Lath. .>y». iii. 2, p. 50", n. 52 (lT8->) (Cape of
Oiiod Bone).
Ana* emhrorhjncha, Cm. S. X. i. 2. p. 517, n. 7» (1788) ; Zaf-S.
Ind. dm. ii. p. S-Vi, a. fl7 (1790) ; Bonn. Enc. Milk i. p. 120
(1T90) : Oum. Dkt. Sc. An(. »i. p. SSO (1816) ; Surch. Tmveh,
t p. 283 (1822), ii. p. Sie (1831) ; G. H. Gr. Oen. B. iii. p. 616,
D.14 (18*5) ; SmiiA, lU. S. Afr. Zool., Birdi, pi. lOl (1846) : De*
Xuri in Le/tberr. V,t,. Aln/K*., Ou. p. 173 (1845-1850) ; Lieht.
A'omrtu^. Av. p. 101 (1854); Bk/th, J. A. S. B. isiv. p. 26.5
{AbysMnio) {l&w); BolU, J.f.O. 18C6, p. 165 (Zool. Gard.) ;
Btugl. J. f. O. 1803, p. 4 ; iVfa. Beise Aown-o, Vofftt, p. 138
(Cap*) (1805); ScAlf/. Miu. P.-B., Anwres, p. .50 (1800); id.
P. Z. S. 1806, p. 436 (Mndnpiscor) i Layard, B. S. Afe. p.351
(1667) ; Hnrii. P. Z. S. 1807. p. 837 (Zaniib»r) : Hirugl. Ban nacA
Ab>fmH. 1801-63. p. 260 (1808) ; Schleg. * PuU. Rech. Faun.
Madag. p. 141 (1808) ; Chapm. Trav. in S. Afr. ii. App. p. 422
(1888) i Fintch S( JlarfJ. Vog. Oit-Afr. p. 808 (18701 ; ft>6.
Tket. Om. i. p. 3M ^1872) ; nartt. FSff. Xadog. p. 303 (1877) :
8heU. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 810 (Mamboio); Milnf-Edw. ^ Ornnd.
Oil. Madoff. p. 725, pi. 275. f. 4 (heail) (1882) ; Fiahtr. ZeiUehr.
ffa. Om. 1884, p. 3il4 (Masai) ; SUhrn, J. f. 0. 1885, p. 62
tKaruma. C. .\frica) ; Emi«,J.f.O. 1891,p.68 fUgoiro); ifcAnio.
Qtid. p. 141; Harttrt, Kal. FoffeUamml. p. 230(1891): Sibree,
nil, 1892, p. 270; ScAnw. J.f. O. 1892, p. 0 (Bukoba, Ugsnik) ;
id. Vgg. Deutick-O^I-AJr. p. 26 (1894).
Ajia« melanura, I'ieiit. (nee Om.) A'. J), v. p. 135 (nee p. 165)
(1818).
Tadorna ervthrorbynclia, SlepA. Gm. Zool. xii. 2, p, 75 (1824).
Qnerqueduk erfthroTbyncba, Sm^A, Cat. S.-A/r. Mm. p. 30, □. 325
(1887); Bp. ComiA. Smd. xliii. p. 050, n. 100 {1»50) ; Htugl.
Om. N.O.-Afr. ii. 2, p. 133.) (18i3) ; Holub, Beitr. Om. Siid-
^fr. p. 330 (1882) ; Bahm, J. /. O. 1885, p. 03; JlwAw, J. /. O.
1886, p. 115 (GftUa) ; Jiiibmi, Bull Mm. Sou. itH. N. dt Beta.
IT. p. 149, IL 193(1886) (TaDKanyika) ; MaUchte, J.f. O. im,
pp.137, 144.
pBcilonitta erythrorbiiicha. E<jl. Man. Anat. p. 115 (1838) ; G. B.
Gr. Liil B. Brit. ?iu». iii. p. 134 (Abjasima) (1814); ^it. &m.
./iBOf. p.67{18flt)).
Mar«>cB errthrorb.vncluk, Ilartl. Vert. Get. Mm. p. 119 (1844),
Anas pTTThorbyncha, Font. Icon. ined. t. 73; td Daer. An, Ud.
ZibM.) p. 4-5 (1844),
FiBcilonitts erylhrorhyncbn, Snpp. Sutt. Ueion. p. 138, n. 491
(Saiiiu>ar,AbTB«iiiA)(1845); SAtU. Ibii, 1885, p. 415 (Somali) ;
ttf. p. Z. S. lesa p. 371 (Kilimanjaro).
Asas punctaU, ifcAnft, (
ff. 915-910 (1845).
Anu pyrrhocephala, " Font." (errore), BMk, Cat. B. Mue. A. S. B.
p. 804, in STn.n. 1776(1849).
DafllB erythrorbvncha. Blyth. Cat. B. Mia. A. S. B. p. 304, n. 1778
(1849) ; Harit- Om. Buitr. Faun. Madag. p. 82 (1801) ; PolUn,
K. T. D. J. p. ^27 (1803) ; Bach * E. Xeiet. Ibii, 1803, p. 174
(Madagascar); Sclat. P. Z. S. I8tt3, p. 105; Verr. in FuMon'*
Toy. it Mailay., Ann. Ii, p. 4 (1805) ; Grand. Rev. H Mag. dt
Zool. 1808, p. 5 (Madagaacar) ; SclaL P. Z. 8. 1880, p. 315; ISutl.,
FeOd., 4- Seid, Katural 1 882, p. 437 (Natal) ; Sale. Cat. B. Strieid.
Coll. p. 53,1 (186i) ; Sdat. Lilt Vert. An. Stb ed. p. 436 (ISSS) ;
Trvfr. Vol. OoU. B. p. 50 (1889).
Ptecilonetts erythrorhyncha, Gum. IbU, 1859, p. 251 (Natal), 1861,
p. 134, 1862, p. 158, 1808, p. 471 ; Boc. Jom. Ac. Se. lAA. 1867,
p. 329 : fiWut P. Z. S. 1869, p. 629 (breeding) ; Boc. Jorn. Ac. &.
Litb. 1871, p. 277, 1872, p. 70 ; Anderu. S. Damara Land, p. 339
(IHtnora and Great Nuuaqua-liuid) (1872); Boc. J.f.O. 1876.
p. 294 (Rio Coroca) ; Gum. ibid. ; Ayre$, Ibia, 1880, p. 272
(Transvaal); Boc. Om. Any. p. 501 (1881); Sharpe in Oalei
Malab.-land, p. 328 (1881) ; id. Layard't B. S. Afr. p. 754
(1884) ; Salvad. Ann. Mia. Civ. Gen. (2) i. p. 244 (Shoa) (1884),
Ti. p. 32 (Shoa) (1888) ; Shell. Ibii, 1888, p. 307 (Tamrani), 1894,
pp. 28, 478 (Luke Shirwa) ; Satnad. Mem. S. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2)
Ay. p. 564 (Somali) (1894).
Nettion erythrorhyncha, G. R. Gr. Hand-liU, iii. p. 84, b. 10668
(1871).
Dafila errthrorhynchn, Gieb. Thet. Om. ii. p. 14 (1875).
Querqueduia pTrrhorhvncha, Holub, Beitr. Om. Sadqfr. p. 330, tn
tyn. Q. erjt£rorhvncbai (1882).
Anas (DafiU) erythrorhyncha, Iteknv:. Om. Otntralbl 1882, p. 20;
id. Vog. zool. GUrt. p. 64 (1882).
AdvJl maie. Upper half of the head, as far as the eyee, dark
brown, sharply defined from the whitish of the sides of the head
and throat ; neck greyish, mottled with blackish spota ; back and
scapulars brown, the feathers edged with reddish buff; undcr-
parts whitish, each feather with greyish-brown spots, larger on the
flanks, darker and better defined on the under tail-coverta ; wings
slaty grey ; a narrow velvety-black speculum more or less with a
green lustre, edged anteriorly by a reddish-fawn band formed by
the tips of the last row of upper wing-coverts ; a very broad band
of the samo colour on the apicalhalf of thesccondanefl; under wing-
coverts lirown-gTt'y, the greater uncs piiler and [nirc-r ^e;- ; tail dark
34. ELABMOXETTA. 287
^ c^ ad. sk. Lamu, Au^. F. J. Jackson, Esq.
[P.].
/. Ad. sk. Mamboio (Kirk). Shelley Coll.
m,n. (S 2 ftd. sk. Mapane Pan, Matabele, Nov. W. E. & C. G. Oates,
Esqrs. [P.],
^fP' 6 2 ^' sk. Potchefstroom, Transvaal, J. II. Gurney, Esq.
March, June (7*. Ayres). [P.].
q. Ad. sk. Potchefstroom. F. A. Barratt, Esq.
r. Ad. sk. G^ahamsto^\^l {E. L. Layard). Shelley Coll.
s, t. Ad. sk. Madagascar. l*urchased.
ti. <5 ad. sk. Central Madagascar. Shelley ColL
V, w. Pull. St. Zool. Soc.
.r. •Ad. st. Zoological Gardens. Zool. Soc.
y. Skeleton. Zool. Soc.
34. ELASMONETTA.
Type.
Elasmonetta, Salvad. MS, E. chlorotis.
Bill compressed, soft on the edges of the apical part of the upper
mandible ; lamella) extremely developed ; wings well developed.
Hatu/r', Confined to New Zealand subregiou.
1. Elasmonetta chlorotis.
Anas chlorotis, G. li. Gr, Voy. Ereb, ^- Terr.y Birds j p. 15, pi. '20
(1846) ; lichnb, Syn. Av.y Natatores, t. Ho. f. 912 (184-) (e.r I. c.) ;
G. It. Gr. Gen. B., App. p. 28 (1849) ; Jip. Coinpt. Bend, xliii.
p. G49, n. 71 (18^50) ; (;. B. Gr. Ibis, 18Gi>, p. 241 ; Bvh. Beise
Novara, Voyelj p. l.*38 (1805) ; BuUer, ICks. on the Orn. Aeiv Zeai.
p. 18 (1865): Hector, Neiv Zeal. Exh. p. 277 (Otago) (1866);
Fiyisch, J.f. O. 1867, p. 330 ; id. Tr. X. Z. Inst. i. p. 72 (18(j9) ;
I" Trovers, Trans. N. Z. Inst. i. p. 178 (Chatham Isl. !) (1809) f ;
Hand-list, iii. p. H'2, n. 10048(1871); Hidt. Ibis, 1872, p. 250
(Chatham Isl. :") ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 347 (1872) ; Finsch, J. f. O.
1872, p. 180; Buller, Hist. B. N. Zeal. p. 248 (1873); Finsch,
J.f. O. 1874, p. 202; Sbarpe, Voy. Ereb. ^' Terr., Birds, p. 31
(1875); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 519; Finsch, Ibis, 1882, p. .'597;
Bull. Man. B. New Zeal. p. 08 (1882): Bchnw. Orn. Cenfralbl.
N. Z. Inst. XXV. 1892, p. 02 (1893).
Nesonetta aucklaiulica, Hector (nee G. B. Gr.), Xew Zeal. Erh.
p. 277, n. 50 (18('»6) : ef. Finsch, J.f. O. 1874, p. 202.
* Sent 88 a hybrid between P. hahameu&is and Anns .vanthorhyncha^ but is
iodi8tiiigui8hable froiu V. erythr*>rhyncha^
t I hare not been able to find tlua reference, quoted by Ilutton.
Hl/hridt.
f Anas chlorotiB ^ (?) X Aaaa boscaa $ , BuUer, B. Nevj Zeal 2nd ed.
p. 269 (1883).
Adult male. Head and upper part of neck browu, the cnwa
glossy, with a chestnut tinge ; sides of the occiput and nape glossed
with metallic green ; throat more or lees whitish ; npper parts
brown, the edges of the feathers paler, greyish brown ; on the inter-
scapular region the feathers are finely waved with black and mfons
lines ; the outer scapulars black on the outer web, waved with
black and chestnut lines on the inner one ; lateral upper tail-
coverts black, glossed with green on the outer webs ; a white collar,
more or less distinct, separates in front the brown of the npper from
the lower part of the fore neek, which is chestnut, shading into pale
reddish on tbe breast and abdomen ; these parts have nomerons
black spots, almost round, on tho lower fore neck, more transverse on
the breast and abdomen; flanks waved with rufous and black lines;
under tail-coverte black, at the base of them on each side a white
patch ; wings brown ; speculum black, metallic green on the upper
part, bounded anteriorly by a narrow cinnamon band at the tip of
the last row of the upper wing-coverts, and posteriorly by a rnfes-
cent white band at the tip of the secondaries ; tertiaU edged with
rufescent; under vrirg-coverte brown, the inner ones, with the
Biillaries, white ; lail brown-black, with narrow rufesoent edges to
the feathers : " irides black ; bill bluish black ; the pectination of
the upper mandible yellowish brown ; feet dull slaty grey " {BuRer),
Total length about 18 inches, wing 8, tail 4, culmen 1'7, tarsus 1-5.
(Mia. Bothtchild.)
l-'iiiiah. Held ;uid upper portion of the neck brown, the crown
darker, each feather edged with rufous ; sides of the head and
rf, c.f. S lid. e
i jnv. sk.
y,A. tf iuim. a
Ti Zealand,
ft Zealand.
WeUinirtoii Mue
[E.].
Sir G. Grey [P.],
FoveaiixStrait»,NewZcaliuid. Capt. Stokefl [P.].
Chnthnm la. Dr. H. 0. Forbos [O.j.
35. NDSONETTA.
i. Or. Gen. B. iii. p. 627 (1JM4). .
Range. Confiped to the Aucidancls.
BuckWdicB
1 . Heeonetta ancklandica.
NeMDetta ftiicklondics, G. S. Gr. Gen.
p. 1127 (McL flvn-).
p). 169. f. 4 (bond, winp, and foot) (l&M); id. Litt tt. Brit. Mwi
lii. u. 191 (Mcl. Bjn.) (1*14) ; id. Vw. Er^. * Twr., Birdi, p, 16
pi. 17(1846); uf. Cm. J?. Append, p. 28(1M9); i^FAni, SsfH.Au.,
Nfttdtoru, t 77. f. 801 (tir ^eftiu ^ Terror) (184- ?); hj. ..le.
aywt. Nat. p. ix, t. vii. (1*52); Bp. Compt. Bend. xliiL p. 661.
0. 154 (ISM) ; O. R. Gr. Ihit, 1862, p. 242 : FfiueA, J./. O. 1870,
p. 368 ; O. B. Gr. HoHd-liit, iii. p. 90, n, 10724 (1872) ; Sundev.
MetA.nat.Ar.ditp. Tent. p. 150(1872); Fintch. J./.O. 1872,
p. 188; Butt. rmni. A". Z.>n*i. T. p. 288(1873); Fimck. J./.O
1844, p. 203; Girh. Thee. Om. ii. p. 700 (I87fi): Stuirtit, Voy.
Era. ^ Terr., Birds, -a. 31 (1S76) ; Buller, Hut. B. Aew Zeal.
and ed- u. p. 2«3, pi. ilii. (lowertig.) (1888) j id. Tratu. X. Z. In»t.
- ■ ■""' ^. 8fi(1892)(voungir ' '
Erumslura (Ni
p. 4.
aetta) nucUanditB, Rohnu}. <Pm. Centralbl. 1882,
jiduU male. Head and npper portion of the neck blockiab brown
with 3 green gloss, eF^ecioll)' on the nape ; upjwr ports brown,
with a greon gloHs and with brown-chestnat edges tu the feathers :
lower portion of hind neck, mantle, and ecapnlara waTed with black
and mfoua-brown lines ; lower pnrt of fore neck and crop-region
cbe§tnQt, changing into whitish on the breast and abdomen : on
the crop-rc^on and breast the feathers are centred with blockish
ronnd spots ; abdomen crossed with dusky and whitish bars ; sides
and flanks waved with blttck and rufous bars ; under tail-coverts
blockish, mingled with brown ; at the base of them, on each side,
« not Terj- distinct paler patch, waved with ridbnH-grey and black
bere; wingBbrown,thefBathcrs with narrow brown edges; second-
aries obscnrely glossed witli green, and tipped witb reddish white,
forming a narrow apical band ; under wing-coverts brown, hroadly
edge-d with white ; tail blackish brown, almost uniform : " bill
blackish brown ; tarans aud feet reddish brown ; iridea dark hoiel"
(Bidler). Total length from 17 to 18 inches, wing ^'5, tail 3-8,
cnlmen 1-ti, tursus l-^. (lioflischiUl CoB.)
Frmdlt. M.uch smaller than the male ; head brown, with no green
lustre ; on the cheeks and throat the feathers edged with whitish ;
general colour brown, with a dork green lustre on the back and
wings ; crop-region, sides, aud flanks brown-chestnut ; on the flanks
TOL-XXm. IT
290 axaudx.
the feathers have brows marks before the edge, nearly hidden;
middle of the abdomen bufBsh, the tape of the feathers being of tliat
ooh>ar, while the bases are dusky; wings browner than in the
male ; secondaries aoarcoly showing a green Instre, and with lesa
eonspicuouB reddish-white apical band. Total length about 14
inches, wing 5, culmeu 1*35. (SothieAUd Coll.)
Towftg in down. " The body ia covered wifli thick down, \rith
long central filaments, eepeciaUy on the npper parts. The general
ooloor ie dark ollTaoeouB-brown, fading to pale folTous-brown on
the throat and fore neck, and to doll fawn colour on the breast and
abdomen. There b a purer shade of dark brown passing through
the eyes and melting away behind. The rudimentary wings have
an outer fringe of yellowish brown ; the produced filaments on the
shoulders and mantle are of the same pale colour. The hlU is dark
brown, with the terminal shield and feet olivaceous-brown, the
webs being darker ; claws yellowish brown." (£uUer.)
This bird is very nearly related to Elatmomtta dUaroHt, having
the same markings and colours, but has very small wings, nseleas
for flight, and lamella of the bill much less developed.
H^. Auoklands.
(I. $ Bd.sk.
6. ^? imm. si
Auckland.
Auckland Island.
Antarctic Exped. (Type
of species.)
Sir G. Orey [P.T.
The Countess of Gallo-
wayrP.].
The Hon. Walter
Rflthschild [P.].
aUEBQDEDULA.
'SH. UlTEBaiTEDCU.
upper part or tiiu nwik brown- vinou;?,
Btre&led with white (mnle) circia, p, 393.
. Upper winp-coverla bright Bmalt-blue.
r. A crescenl-liko while band betweun the eyes
anil the bill at the male ; BmaUeT, bill uauaUy
less tlum 1 •05 ditcort, p. 299.
d. No CRSCent^like white bimd between the eyea
ftnd tbe bill of the male, which bos the aides
of the hcnd, neck, breast, and laAes bright
chestnut: InrK^r, bill usually more tliaa l-Oo. eyanopterti, p. 303.
1. Qaerqaedula versicolor.
Pal* pieode tre» colnres, ATMra, Apanl.m. p. 450, n. 440 {Psragiiay)
(IS&6).
.\iiu versicolor, Vteia. N. li. v. p. 100 (1816) [ex Aiara) ; id. Eac.
Mtlh. i. p. 353 (1823) ; SOieg. Mm. P.-B., Anseres. p. 57 (1806) ;
Sdal. * Sate. Ibii. 1870. p. 499 (Sandy Point) ; Gkb. The>. Or*.
i. p. 304 (1872) ; Hariert, Eat. Vogfleammt. p. Wl (Rio Grande,
S. Americw) (1891).
Anas niBCulinMtris, Lichl. Verz. Doubl p. 84 (Montevideo) (1823) ;
Swirfau. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 136 (Ualapngosl).
Aniu frt'tensia, King, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 11> (Mneellui StnuU).
i:yanopI«rU8 ih'teusis, ^yi. Mon. Anal. p. 131 (1838); Jard. ^
Sflb. III. Om. iv. pi. 29 (1838); Fra»er, >. Z. S. 1844, p. 167.
.\aaa mursliij, Merrem m Ersch u. QnA. Enc. aect. i. toI. xxxt.
p. 4a (1841).
Cytuiopterus mdculiroetris, HarU. Verz. Get. Mat. p. 119 (1S44).
tjuerquedula maculirostria, 0. R. Gr. Lwl S. Bnt. M,u. lii. p. 138
(1844) ; Dtt Mun in Qay, HiU. de Chile, L p. 45S (1848) ; Bora.
Naumtmnia, 1363, p. 222; Lickt. IfomeHct. Av. p. 102 (1864);
PkiL^Landb. Cat. Ao. CkU. u. 42 (1808) ; Bunn. P. Z. S. 1872,
p. 367 ; id. An. jtfw. jVoe. Biien. Air. iii. pp. 247, 820 (1888).
Pterocyanea maoulirostris, G. R. Or. Om. B. ill p. G17, n. 3 (1846) ;
Sehnb. Sj/H. Av.. Nstatores, 1 89. 1. 181 (1846) ; Hartl. Ind. Aiar.
Apmtt. p. 28, n. 440 (1847) ; Bfhnb. Syn. Av. t. 90. f. 2344 (1850)
{«X Jard. & Selb.) ; BHira, Denk»chr. Akad. Wien, t. 2, p, 132
(1863) (Chili) ; id. J.f. O. 1855, p. 67 ; Pek. Seite N«iwa, rdff.
p. 139 (Chili) (18tNi) ; id. Om. Brai. p. 464 (1870).
Ptcroo'&aea Twwicolor, Bp. Cotnnl. Bend. ilui. p. 660, no. 91 (syn.
emend.) (1856).
CjudKiuedulA verMoolor, Cast. U.S. Aitrou. Erp, ii. p. 203 (Chili)
(1656); &^. P.Z5. 18<!0,p.389(ridklAnds): Abio/t,Ibi*,iml,
p. 161 (FalkUnds) ; Sctal. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 336 (Chili) ; Sclat. 4
Salv. P. Z. 8. 1868, p, 146 (Buenos Ayrea) ; G. S. Or. SoMl-liit,
lU. p. B3, n. 10659 (1871); Sdal. 4r Sah. Xomencl. Av. ytotrop.
p. 139 (1873) ; Sahin, Tram. Zool. Soe. iv. p. 499 (1876) j Sdat.
i Bah. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 388 ; Ditrnf. Ibit, 1877, pp. 41 (Chuput).
191 (Boenoa Avres), 1878, p. 401 (Centr. P»t«g., reaident) ; SoUU.
P.Z.S. 1680, p. 622 ; Milne-Edte. Bech. Fmm. Rig. Aiulr. ch. ii.
p. 46 (1682) J Barroum, Auk, 1884, p. 274 (Entrerios) ; Btri.J.f. 0.
1887, p. 1S4 (Pftraguay) ; ScUa. Argent. Om. u. p. 131 (1889) :
JVitr. Cat. Call. J. p. 49 (1889) ; Oiut. Miu. Se. Cap Burn, vi.
Oil. p. 207 (1891) ; HoUond, Ibit, 1892, p. 207 (.\rgentinB} ; Eirr.
/tM,ltie0,p.358,1892, p.l46(LoweTpilcomayo); Btrktl.Jmnu,
Xme Lia Chil. B. p. 9, n. 154 (1892) ; Aplin, lUt, 1894, p. 200
Amn ^1«rocj&nea) maculiroatris, Surm. J. f. O. 1880, p. S66
(Meodoza) ; id. La JHata^JUite, ii. p. GI6 (1861).
Ptovcyonea treteafae, Eyl. Syn. Anat. p. 85 (1668).
Adtdt Tnale. Upper half of the head blackish brown ; sides of the
head and throat whitieh buff; lower part of the neck bnfflsb,
minntely spotted with black ; mantle and anterior acapulars blach,
the feaUiers edged with ochreons, and with a oarrow bar of the
same colour; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverta with narrow
white bars, which are more numeroua on the latter; breast bofiah,
changing into white on the abdomen, each feather vitb a snbapical
spot and a bar black ; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts white,
with black bars, very narrow on the vent and central under tail-
coverts ; longer feathers of the flanks with white and black bars ;
longer scapulars brown, with a central bufflsh stripe ; upper wing-
coverts greyish brown, the greater row white at the tip, forming a
white band anteriorly to the glossy green speculum on the second-
aries ; the speculum more or less changing into blue towards the
posterior half and bounded by a subapical black band, and by a
second white one at the tip of the secondaries ; longer tertials brown ;
primaries brown ; under wing-coverte greyish brown, the central
ones and the axiUaries white ; tall brown-grey, freckled and waved
with irregular narrow white bands : bill black, with an orange patch
on each side at the base of the upper mandible ; " legs and feet
green, webs black ; irides white " {Dumford). Total length about
16'5 inches, wing 7-5, tail3'4, culmen 1'6, tarsus I'l,
FemaU. Similar, but smaller, colour duller, and wing-speculum
not so bright (5rfal«-).
" . Speculum grey, with no mctallic-greeu cob
. QUEBQCBDUtA.
■J. Qnerqnednia puna.
AI1B5 piiniL iidW. Mui. Berol. ; Ttch. Arch./. Notary. 18i4, i. p. 315,
u. 347 (Peru); id. Faun. Per., A,»$, p. 309 (184.5-40); Sum.
Sail. (.W, nicr. Srai. iii. p. 439 (1860) i Gieb. The$. Om. I
p. 300 im-2).
ijuerquedulA puna, G. R. Or. f!rn. B. p. 616, n. 14 (lS4o): Licht.
ytitnmd. Ab. p. lOa (ISM) ; J^lon, &pu Anid. p. 81 (ltt09) ;
mu. 4r Sail). P. Z. S. ISO), p. lo7 (TungMuca) -, iid. Ecot. Om.
p, 197, pi. 09 (1600); iid. Nomenel. Av. Ntotrop. p. 129, o. 10
(1873) i Too. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 554 (Jirain) ; SeUO. ^ Salv. P. Z S.
1876, p. 388 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 522 (Andes of Peru and
Bolivift) ; Tacx. Om. Ptf. iii. p. 478 (1880) ; Sdat. P. Z. 8. 1886,
p. 401 (TuBpoci) : Phllijipi, Omit, iv. p. 160 (;Vtito£Bguta) (IdS8) :
Trior. Qit. CWt fl. p. 49 (1889) ; SeUU. P. Z. S. 1891, p. 136
fTurapaca) ; Beik- Jamet, New Litt Cha. B. p. !i. ti. 156 (Tivrnpaca)
(1892).
PuiuDetU leueofreiiTS, " Tteh." (errore), Bp. Compl. Rend, iliii,
p. 949, n. 78 (1850).
pDnaaetta puDA, O. R. Gr. Haad-list. iii. p. 84, n. 10673(1871).
Adalooetta puna, H'iae, NmiiencL Miu. Htin. Orii. p. 346 (1890).
Similar to Q. venicolor, but much larger, with longer and in dry
akios unifomi black bill ; the upper half of tho head deep blaok ;
chocks and throat purer white ; the bars on tbc flanks much
narrower and less shaqilj defined ; the lower buck uailorra brown-
grey, with no whitish narrow bars : " bill light blue, with the
rid^ black: eyes dark haEel; legs and toes bluish lead-oolour"
(Whiuly). Total length li>-5 inches, wing 8-5, tail .1-8, culmen
1-8-2-15, tarsna 1-3.
Ftmalt. Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller; the upper
h-tlf of the head dnrk brown ; tho speculum less bright.
Twng. Has the speculum grey, without any metallic green
ooloitr.
Uatt. Andee of Peru, liolivia, and Northern Chili.
>, b. Ad. sk. Vera (Jftski). Warsaw Moseum [E.].
«. S Kd. sb. Yuaoca, Peru, March (if. SalTin-Godman Coll.
Hiite/v).
d. 2 ad- *k. Liiguna de TuDgasuca, Peru, Salvia-Godman Coll.
Jiily(7f. W.].
«. S ad. St. lAguna dtt Tungasuca, July. H. Whiwly, Esq. [0.1.
/. rf »d. it I*giina de Tangui, Peru. H. Whitely, Esq. [C.J.
f-l. Ad.et imm. I'rovincp of Tarapaca, Chili, H. Berkeley James, Esq.
»k. Jan.-April. [P.).
3. Querqnednla circia.
The Oarganev.
(Jiierquedula,' BriM. Om. vi. p. 427, pi. mix. (1. 1, 2((r2) (1760).
(luaniuedula Kstiva, Britt. op. cit. p, 445 ( 1 760).
Aiuu quBMOcdula, Linn. S. X. i. p. 20:l. n. 32 (1706) ; Gm. S. N.
i. p. 531. n. 32 (1788) ; LalL IniL Om. n. p, 872. n. 99 (1790) ;
Aom. fw. Mith.i.^ 163. pi. 30. f.l (1791); Lath, Tr.Liiin. Soc.
iv, p. lOe, t»h. »iii. H. 2, 3 (trachea) (1798) ; Pall Zoogr. Rouo-
Ag. ii. p. 264 (1811) ; Tmm. Man. p. 546 (1815) ; J'iall. N. D.
T. p. \m (leim ; Hum. Diet. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 389 (1817) ; Tenon,
JUan. and ed. li. p. 844 (1820) : Bote. Itit, 18i'2, p. 504 ; Hekt.
Vert. Doubt, p. 84 (1823) ; Savi, Om. Tote iii. p. 161 (1831) ; K.E.
Ahbott, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 134 (Trebizond) ; Tevtm. Man. 2nd ed.
iv. p. 539 (1840) ; K. * B. Wirbettk. Eur. pp. Iwiiv, 22fl (l&iO) ;
Naum. Viig. Deidacht. xi. p. 677, Taf. 303 (I»12) ; Schleg. Bet. CrU.
p. ciiv (1844); Midd. Sibir. Beit. n. p. 230 (1653); WalUitgr.
Nmmannia, 1864, p. 272 (ScRndiQavift) ; BoUe, J. f. 0. 1855,
p. 365 (Spain) ; Blyfh, Ibi$, 1869, p. 464 (Lower Bengal) : Fiiuch,
J. f. O. 1859, p. 387 {Bulgaria) ; Fo«y», Ibit, 1860, p. S53
(Ionian Ifll*.); Sunp$. ibid. pp. 34\, 3&4, (Qteece) ; SwinA.P.Z.S.
1863, p. 324 (China) ; Nordm. J. /. O. 18U4, p. 377 (Kuopo) ;
Drotte, ibid. p. 428 (Borkum) ; ScAleff. Mia. P.-B., Anseres, p. 49
(Philippinea) (1866); Przeio. Voy. n. 202 (1867) ; Uyh. * Parr.
J.f. O. l8C8, p. 338 (Dauris) ; Pn:ev>. Pvtetch. Uimr. n. 202 (1870);
Satmd. Ibii, 1871, p. 390 (Soutbern Spain) ; Gieb. Tkft. Om. i,
p. 360 (1872) ; Tayl. Ibit, 1872, p. 233 (Crimea) ; Serertz. Turk.
Jevotn. p. 70 (1873) ; Jiotenb. Matt, naiir Geelmnkb. p. 0 (Tematel)
(1876) ; Blyth, B. of Burma, p. 166 (Arakan, Tenaaserim) (1875) ;
Salaad. Om. Pap. e Mot. iii. p. 400 (Ti:nuite ?) (1882) ; Bchnw.
J.f. 0. 1892, p. 82 ; Harlert, Kat. Vogeleammi. p. 231 (Abvaainia)
(1891).
Anaa drcia, Limt. 8. If. i. p. 204, n. 34 (1760) ; Gin. S. N. i, 2, p. 633,
11.34(1788); Bonn. Enc. Mith. i. j. 155(1791); VieiU.N.D.y.
p. 166 (1810) ; Dum. Diet. Sc. Nat. \i. p. 502 (1817) ; Leu. Tr.
SOm. p. 634 (1831) ; Legge, B. of Ceyl. p. 1080 (1880) ; SeuUy,
i6i», 1881, p. 593 ; Trittr.I^n.!^ Flor. of Pa/eit. -p. ] 16 (1884);
8eeb. Hitt. Brit. B. iii. p. 551, pi. 66 (egg) (1885) ,- LUford, CbL
Fig. BHt. B. pt. liii. pi. — (ISBO).
Garganey, Pom. Brit. Zool. ii. p. 604, n. 289, t. 101 (1776) ; Lath.
^. in. 2, p. 560, n. 87 (17fti).
Mestolone femmina (errore), Gerini, Star, deyli L'cc. \. t 573 ( cJ )
(1776).
Aaatrn
36. QUERQtfBsDLA. 2U5
B. Ear. vi. p. 513, pi. 420 (pt. S, 1871) ; Tritlr. IbU, 1872, p. 2IKS
(PjJeetine) ; /fo/rfiiP. P. Z. S. 1873. p. 47U (CeyloD) ! Wabl. Tr.
Z. S. Tiii. p. 103 (Celebw) (1872) ; Shell. B. afEmpt, p. 287 (1872);
HtuglOra. fl'.O.-^/r. ii. 3, p. 1320 (1873) i Hmne.NuU ^ ^ga.
p. tM4 (1873) ; Dyb. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 337 ; BatMii. Cat. Uce. Bom.
p. 361 (Borne,!?) (1874) : JlB™-,«r, fi«tt. iii. u. 193 (Pegu) 1 1876) ;
nrtu. Ibie, 1876, 0.419; Seulfy, Sir. liath. iv, p. 201 (E. TuTkesUn]
(1676) ; flW. Entt. Ar». ii, p, 301 (1876); David ^ Ou*l. Oi*.
Chme. p. SS (1377); J'oei: m Howl. Om. Mite. iii. p. 103
(Moagofui) (1878); Blak.& Prytr, Ibii. 1878, p. 214; Hume ^
Danis. Sir. Faath. vi. p. 489 (Tenaaaerim) (1878); CVi>i^. Sir.
Feath. vii. p. 312 fE. BdOfrftl) (1878); Hume, Sir. Featk. viii.
p. llfi, n. 966 (1879) ; Sculli/, ibid. n. 363 (Nepal) ; ^VtucA, Verh.
*A. GfB. WieH, 1879. p. 2to (W. Siberia): r.rnrtf, B«B. Com.
Agr.rt Indmtr. 1. 1 (1878), p. 161 (1879); Hvmt^Marah. Omnf
Jap.y\± p. 185(1880),x. p. 96 (1882); itufeT, /Ut, 1881, p. 100;
a Sainh. tbii, 1862, p. 12S; Oalf. Sir. F«tth. x. p. 245 (Pogu i
(1882) ; Salt. Cat. B. Strickl. OM. p. USa (1882) ; Sevtrt:. llif,
1883. p. 76 (Pamir range); Nii-hol». /*m, 1^^83, p. 86 (Borneo);
B. O. U. Lilt Brit. S. p, 126 (188;J) j Sclat. List Vert. An. rth «l,
p. 434 (1883) ; Oates, D. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 286 (1883) ; Btakiat.
Ammd. List B. Jap. p. 34 (1881) ; Srfb. Ibis, 18*1, p. 17-5;
Sbyn. A'aturm, 1884, p. 9; Seiivid. Ann. Mm. Cin. G«t. (31 i.
p. 247 (ShtMi) (1884) ; Vorderm. N. T. N. L xliv. p. 263 (Jbvb)
(1884); Madar. Zeitsekr. d. gtn. Om. i. p. 37 (l!<84): Sound.
Yarreir* HUt. Brit. B. iv. p. 393 (1884-86) ; BaehH, Lf Nat«^U.
1886, p. ■% : Men^. Ibis, 1886, p. 3o8 ; Skaiw, Ibis, 1880, p. 403
SO); Blai. Ztittehr. d. get. Ottu iii p, I<1 (Cekbea) (1886);
wd. El. Uce. Ital._p. 261 (1886); Vorderm. N. T. N. L xlvi.
p. 240 (1886) ; Tmt, Ibis. 1887, p. 3T3 (Portiigid) ; Salrad. Ann.
Mut. av. Gen. (2) «. p. 321 (Shos) (1888) ; Salvad. * Oiffi. Mrm.
R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) urii. p. 137 ( Chinu) (1888) ; EeerM, Jnurn.
8tr. Br. B. As. Soe. 1880, p. IS2 (Bornoo) ; Trittr. Oil. Coll. B.
f. 40 (1880) ; Saunders, Man. Brit. B. p. 433 (1889) ; Vorderm.
N. T. A". /.xlix. p. 419(1B80); Hutw. Nesti Sf Eggi {Oalri td.\
iii. p. 201 (1890); St.f*re, List thiUpp. B. * Af. p. 27 lUiou)
(1890); £i>an>. Ibis. 1892, p. 73 (incubation); Sharpe, Src. lark.
Miss., Ave*, p. 131 (1801) ; he la Ti-uehe, Ibis, 1892, p. 492 (Cliiiia) ;
Hubou. fhun. fert. Belg., Oi,. ii. p, 448, pi. 257 (1802) ; Bnme*.
Ibis, 1803, p. 174 (Aden) : Sti/an, Md. p. 436 (Ilainiui) ; Salvad.
Mem. S. Ae. Sc. Tor. (2) xUv. p. 564 (Somali) (18041.
QnerquiHluU gUucoptenu, Brtkm, Isis, 1630, p. 997 ; id. VSgel
AraracW. p. 882(1831).
Querquodiila 9CHpiilari», Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 907 ; ii. Viigel DeutscU.
p. &i3 (1831).
Boacbu circift, Sw. Oau. II. ii. p. 307 (1837) ; Jerd. Madr. Joum.
xii. p. 220, n. 383 (1840).
(^nnopUrus circin, Eut. Mim. Anat. p. 180, pi. iL T. 3 (tracliea)
(1838) ; a. &. Or. Cat. Hodq*. Cott. B. M. p. 14« (1846).
PiwocvMiPK circia, Bp. Iron. Faun. Ital., Vee. Introd. p. 17 (1841) ;
id. Oat. Mft. Ucc. Eur. p. 71 (1812) : O. B- Or. Gen. B. iii, p. 617,
n.l (1846|; R^knb.Ssn. ,1r.. NaUlor«8, t.80. (T iaV189 (1845):
U. Av. Sf/st. Hat. p. ti (1853) ; Bolle. J.f. O. 1865, p. 314 (Albii-
1m) i Sah. Ibis, 1860. p. 363 {£. .\llits) ; Hartm. J.f. 0. 1863,
p. 309 (SouUi Of Dongola) ; More. Ibis, 1866, p. 443 (Great Brit.) ;
E^. Sj/n. ATuit. p. 84 (1869) ; T<kx. J./. O. 1870, p. 5B (Con-
Btentisa).
Anaa (Queiquedula) hiimeralia, S. Miill. Verh. Land^ en Vcikatk,
p. 169 (Javii) (1839-44).
Querqueduk vulgarie, Hodgt. in Grai/t Zool. Mite. p. 86, a. 767
(1844).
CjADoptenis querquedula, HartL Verz. Get. Mu». p. 119 (1844) ;
Hewjl. Sytt. UeOeri. a. 692 (1855) ; Suadre. Meth. nat, Ae. ditp.
Tent. p. 147 (1872): v. Koch, J. f. 0. 1872, p. 139; Abt. ^ H.-
Brotcm, Ibis, 187S, p. 71,
QuerquedoU humeraUs, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 616, n. 13 (1845) ;
Bp. Compt. Rend, iliii. p. 610, n. 98 (1866).
Pterocvanea querquedula, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 103 (1364) ; Sv.
Oompt. Bfnd. ihii. p. 660,11.93 (1856) ; Dyb. J.f. 0. 1873, p. 110;
Taa. Bull Sov. Zool. i^. ii. p. 46 (1877); id. Om. Faun. Vott.
Sibir. p. 70 (1877) ; HaiffL Faun. Both. Meer. n. 286 (1881) ;
Tacs. BuU. Sac. Zool. Fr. viii. p. 343 (1883) ; Vyb. 4" Tac:. op. eit.
ix. p. 147 (Bering I) (1884).
Pterocynnea glaucopferos, Brekm, Vogelf. p. 674 (1855) ; id. Nau-
mmmia, 1855, p. 20?,.
Fterocyanen wnpularis, £reAm, r'«Mtf'.p.374(1856) : id. Naumannia,
1866, p. 298.
Anas fflaucoptera, C. F. Dub. PL CoL Oi*. Beig. iii. p. 274 (1860).
Asm (Gyanoptarus) querquedulai, Badde, Beit. S. O.-Sib. iii. p. 370
(1863).
Qneiquedula numemlis (errore), Jerd. B. o/' I'od. iii. p. 808 (1864).
Queiquedula querauedula, Baird, Am. Joum. of Sc. ^ Artt, xlL
p. 339 (1866) ; id. IbU, 1867, p. 283; Sgn. 5utf. U.S. Nat. Afiw.
no. 29, p. 156 (Eamtclifttka) (1685) ; id. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mut. x.
p. 136 (note) (1887).
Anas ptarocyanea, Goeldlin, J. f. 0. 1879, p. 382 (Schaffhauwn).
Anas (Querquadula) circia, BcAnic. Om. CentralbL 1882, p. 20; tif.
Vdg. tool. Girt. p. 66 (1882).
Cyanoptema querquedulua (I), Badde, Omit Cauc. p. 467 (1884).
■iS. ttlTERQCBDCLl.
2W
Female. General colour of the upper parts dark brown, each
feather with a pale margin ; broad euperciliar)' stripe wLitiah ; u
donky band behind tbc eyea ; sides of the bead and neck -wbitiBh,
etreaked with black ; chin and throat white ; feathers of the lower
fure neck blackish, tvith vrhitish edges ; breast and abdomen white;
aides, vent, and under tail-corerts white, with brown-black spota;
wings greyish brown ; a dull metallie-green speculum, bounded
anteriorly nnd posteriorly by two white bands ; under wing-coverts
brown, margined with whitt', the greater ones pure grey, the central
onee, like the axillaries, white. Size smaller than that of the male.
Younff in first plumage resemble the females, but are darker and
more snflused with rufoiis on the fareust.
Adult mate* in moulting ftluinaif. closely resemble adult females,
but are darker in colour, and may be distinguished by the brighter
alar speculum (Hethohm).
Doamy tuttling resembles that of the Mallard, but it is smaller,
and has a broad unbroken buff streak above the eye, and a well-
defined dark streak through the eye {Yarrell).
liab. Pa]»arctio Region, wintering in Northern Africa as far south
as i^oa and Somali-land, in Palestine, India with Ceylon, in Burmah,
China, Japan, Philippines, Borneo, Java, Celebes, Ternate, and Ccram.
o, fi. (J 2 ad. sk.
Enpland, March.
Snlvin-Godnian Coll.
c rf ad^st
Norfolk, feb.
d. s ad. «k.
Rockland. Norfolk, Sept.
Seebohm Coll.
«. ,; ad. ak.
Norwich, March.
U. J. ElwBs. Eaq.
Tieeidate C4L
/. e »A. sk.
SuiTolk.
g. S ad. sk.
A, <. cT $ ad. sk.
Montagu Coll.
8)iorel>am, Kent, March.
Seebohm CoU.
*-«. cj "d. sk.
ask*""'
SheUej (;oll.
o,p. rf2 «d.sk.
Kenneth Loftua, Esq.
W. D. Oumming,
Esq. [P.].
St-OsorgeLittledftlB,
Esq. ["p.].
y. r. (J 2 ad. sk.
Fao, I'erufui Oulf,
«-c. d 2 «!■ «k.
Oowk, May.
«. rfid.dt.
Poniir.
Colonel' J. Biddulph
[P.l.
Dr. R. Dowdier
T,y. rf2ad.ek.
Yurkand.
a. <f ad. sk.
Kandahar, March.
Sharpe [I'.].
Lt.-CoI. Bwinhoe
Colonel J. Biddulph
India Museum [P.].
o*. 2 '>d- sk.
GUgit, Sept.
b: 2 nd. sk.
Leh, Sept. {F. StoUtska).
r'.J-. cr2imm.sL
India.
PurchasL-d.
f. (f imm. ik.
Seebohm ColL
y, 2 sd.sk.
Karachi, Dec. (£, A. Butler).
Hume Coll.
$■, h'. cT ad, sk.
Sumbbiir. March. April (B.
M. Adam).
Hume Coll.
t-f'. d 2 ad. sk.
GunraoB, Delhi, April, May
( w. N. aiU).
IluOle Coa
/,/■. tf od.Miinm.
Hume Coll.
■k.
March, Dec.
w'. ,? jav. «t
Baipur, C. Provinces.
Hume Coll.
I.', «^. J imm. sk.
EtawBh.
Hume ColL
a'.y',!'. g «d.Bk.
Futteh7ui'h,Much,Mav(..4.
Aixhrtim).
Kheree Di8t., Feb. (A. A.).
Seebohm ColL
«". (J imm. Hk.
Seebohm CnIL
b'W. tf ad. 8k.
Allahabad, Mnrch (A. 0. H.).
Hume Coll,
/". 5 ad. 8k.
Oudh, Jan.
Hume Coll.
y",A",i". rfjad.
Oudb.
Rnwill FP.l.
Bk.
r. 9 ad. 8k.
HillBN.of Muasorie.
Hume Colt
r-r". cf $ Bd. et
Nepal.
B. H. Hodgson, E«q.
JUY. Bk.
^'. (", .<". ■? 2
Nepal {Hodg^).
India'MiiBeum [P.].
imm.etjur.8k.
r". (J iuv. Bk.
DaTJeelinii.
Natj^-e Sikhim, March, Oct.
India Mu»eum [P.!
w"-o». (J 2 ad. et
Hume ColL
cJJuv.Bk.
(Z. Mor^elU).
i'. 2 ad. ak.
Assam {McClrSand).
India Muaeum [P.].
c'. {J ad. 8k.
Manipur (A. 0. H.).
Hume Coll.
.P, e'. 2 ad. Bk. et
Calcutta,Feb. (^. 0. /r.).
Hume Coll.
/•, g', A'. cT ad. et
imm. Bk.
i'. cJ ad. Bk.
HexxAD. {^kts).
India Museum [P.].
Madms.
Tweeddale CoU.
A-*-n'. P2ad.ek.
Tonfrhoo, Oct., Dec. (fi. G.
W. S.).
«'. 2 ad. Bk.
Pesfu, Sept.
E. W. Gates, liq.
[C.T ^
E. W. 0at€8, Eaq.
nine Coll.
p'.j'.r'. ,i8d. et
2 imm. ek.
•W. £ ad. et <J
Lower Pegu, March, Oct.
ECadaikeglay, near Thatone,
Dec. (W. Davison).
i«v. sk.
»^ x>. <J ad. Bk.
Cochin China.
M. St Ketra [P.].
y*. d ad. 8k.
Lob-nor, March (ft-jVnaW^l.
Seebohm ColL
:\ ^ mi. A.
China.
J. \^'ebb. Esq. [P.].
■i. Qaerquedola discora.
Querquedulft aineriraim vimtmrta, Catctb. Carol, i. p. 100. t. 100 ( J )
QueniuediilA ftmeriofuia fiuca, Calab. Carol, i. p. 99, t 99 ( 2 )
{1T54).
Querqueduln omericanA, Brisi. Orn. vi. p. 463 (1700).
Querqui^ula virginiiuiit, Biits, Orn. vi. p. 49J3 (17Q0).
Adm discors, Htm. S. N. i, p. 206, n. 37 11766} (<:.r CataAy) ; ^>.
5. N. i. 2, p. 636, n. 37 (I7S3) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. ji. p. 854, n. m
<17001; flonn. Enc Afi*rt.i.p. lM,pl.41.f.a(5)(l7»l); IFi/«.
-^nt. Orn. viii. p. 74, pi. 08. f. 4 (1814) ; rigill. X. D. i. p. 17S
(ISW); i)«m, Sicf. &■- Nat. vi. p. 3»9 (1817); Bp. Obs. WOi.
n.362 (1835); id. Sm. p. 386 (1*88); lMM.pTas-Verz.miXK.
F&f. p. 3 (1830) ; H'a^. Int, 1831, p, 633 (Mexico) ; Leu. Tt:
efOm. p. 634 (CkvenDe !] (1831); Aud. Orn. Biogr. iv. p, 111,
ri. 31S (1838); irf. ^. u. 282 (1839); i>-Ori. in La Sagra't
Hitt. Nat. Cuba, Ou. p. 294 (1840); Aiid. B. Am. vi. p. 287,
pi. 883 (1843); Giraud, B. Li.«.j 1,1. p. 316 (1844) ; IkKay, N.
F. Zoot li. p. 339 {1&44): LuAt.J./. O. 1803, p. 69 (Mexico);
SeAleo.Mu».P.-B.,.\naoiw,v.50(\mi); Sundev. (E/p. K. Vet.-
Ak. Farh. I8«9, p. 691 (St BHrtholomev), p. 6U3 (Parto Rico) ;
Trippe. Pr. Em. In»t. vi, p. 119 (Minnesota) (1871); Qkb. Tka.
O™. i. p. 3S0 (1872); Seth. Hut. Brit. B. lii. p. 661 (1886);
A. O. U. Chtek-aa N. Am. B. p. 116, n. 140 (1866); Turmn-,
C-Mtr. N. H. of AUaka, p. 133 (1886) ; Nd*m, Nat. Hut. GtU. m
Alatka, p. 69 (1887); Bta^. .V<w. N. Am. B. p. 93 (1887):
Wiagr, Orn«, 1888, p. 412 (Sahy, Denmari) ; Uarlfrt, Kat.
VngrUamml. p. 231 jlf'91); UaUh, B. of JUintin. p. 46 (1802):
Chajm. Bidl. Amrr. Mat. X. If. 1894, p. 83 (Triaidnd).
Suci^lle da Cayeoae, ilitte la Soucrourou, D'AiU/aU. PI. EnL 90(!
(cf), 403(2)-
Sarcelle Soucrourou, Buff. Hitt. Nat. Oit. ix. p. 279 ( (J ) (1783).
Snrcelle Soucrourette, fii# o;).p»i. p. 280 (J ) (1783).
Whit.-toced Duck, Lath. ^pt. iU. 2, p. 602, o. 50 (1786).
Qiieraucdula discow, Strph. Gen. Zoot. lii. 2, p. 140 (1824) j Bute,
/««, 1828, p. 329; G. Ji. Gr. Zi*( /?. Br*. -Wuii.iii. p. 138(1844);
&dat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 206 (Julapn) ; SallS, P.Z.S. 1857, p. 237
(8. Dorainw) : J?ai>5, B. N. Am- p. 779 (1868): id. Mii. B.
*«»-p. p. 20(1869); id. Cat. N. Am. B. n. 591 (1869); Bryant,
Ft. Batt. Hoc N. H. vii. p, 122 (Bahamael (1859) ; Seiat. P. Z. S.
1869, p. 393 (Ouxom) ; Sclat. ^ Salo. Ibi; 1869, p. 231 (Quate-
mal*) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 204 (OrixnU) ; Coop. ^ Sutkl. N.
B. Wath, Ttrr. p. 254 (1*») ; Srlat. P. Z. S. 1961, p. 83
(JuDsica); Ulakiit. Pit,, 1862, p. 9 (Bnt N. Amer.) ; Rom,
Canad. Nat., April 18(12; J'rn: Pr. En. In,/, lii. p. 153 (1802) j
Haud. Rep. 1862. p. 176; Blakiri. Ibis, 1803, p. 146; Mareh, Pr.
Ac. Philad. I««. p. 71 (Juintticn) ; Law-r. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii.
p. 101 (Sombrero) ( 18M), p. 207 (1806) ; Saiv. Hie, 1806, p. 193
(OuftUmalB); Dremtr, IbU, 1866, p.43(Ti>xW),bie«Kting) ; Oundl.
Stp. Fi».rNat. Cuba, i. p. 389 (li^); Dtgt. ^ Oerht, Orn. Eur.
n. p. QSO (1867) ; Coiu,, Pr. Ea. In*t. v. p. 299 (1868) ; Selat.
^ Balv. P. Z. S. lUm, y. 262 (Vdlencift, VeuezueU) ; Lawr.
Ann. Lj/c. N. K ix. p. 143 (C<»ia Rica) (1868) ; Datl ^ Bonn.
Tr. C*tc. Arad. i. p. 297 (,yiisk«. br«e(lin|f) (1869) i Puts. On.
Brat. p. 460 (Bmiiil !) (1870) ; Hair. P. Z S. 1870, p. 219 (Vem-
inw); O. R.Gr.Jiand-litt.w.p.na,a. 10669(1871); ./ittnt, Bu^i.
Mtu. Omp. ZooL iu. p. 163 (Kanew) (1873) ; Aikm, Pr. Boit.
Soc. XV. p. 210 (Colorado) (1872) ; Tr^^, ibid. p. 341 (Iowa)
(1872) ; Gme», J&y, p. 287 (1872) ; id. Check-liit, n. 496 (1873) ;
SnoiB, B. Kansal, p. it (1873) ; Sclat.SfStdv. Nommd. At. Neotrop.
p. 129 (1873); (Met, Sink N.-Wett, p. 566 (1874); Law.
Mem. Bait. Soc. If. H. ii. p. 3U (Mexico) (1874) ; GundL J.f. O.
1874, p. 314 (Porto Rico), 1875, p. 380 (Cuba) ; Sclat. ^ &Uv.
P. Z. S. 187C, p. 383 ; Gundl. An. Soc. E$p. Hat. Nat. vii. p. 404
(Porto Rico) (1878) ; Sclat. li' Sah. F. Z. S. 1879, p. 543 (Medal-
lin) ; G>ry, B. Bahama I. p, 186 (1880) ; Salat. P.Z. S. 1880,
p. 621 ; AidffVi. Norn. N. Am. B. n. 609 (J881) ; A. ^ E. A'«rt.
Handb. Jam. p. 113 (1881) ; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. CW/. p. 636
(1882) ; CbuM, Check-titt, 2nd ed. n. 710 (1882) ; B. O. U. Litt
Brit. B. p. 126 (1883) ; Coue», Key N. Am. B. 2Dd ed. p. 896
(1884); k, B., * R., Uater-B. N. Am. i. p. 531 (1884);
Sound. Yarreirt Hist. Brit. B. it. p. 392 (1884) ; Mattch. ^
Ziemer, J.f. O. 1885, p. 191 ; Cbru, B. Haiti and San Domingo,
p. 168 (1885) ; id. Litt Birdi W. I. p. 31 (1885) ; WtiU, LiU B.
Grenada, p. 10 (1886); Ernst, Bev. Cient. Univ. Cmtr. Vena. i.
p, 43 (Venezuela) (1887) ; Cory. Auk, 1888, p. 03 ; id. B. W. Ind.
p. 204 (1889); Sah. Ibis, 1889, p. 377 (Commel); Rild. tbid.
p. 500 (BarbadoB) ; Tristr. Cat. Cult. B. p. 49 (1889).
Anns (BoBchas) discors, Stn. ^ Rich. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 444
(1831); NuU. Man. ii. p. 307 (1834).
Boschas discors, Ste. Clou. B. ii. p. 307 (1837) ; Denny, P. Z. 8.
1847, p. 40.
CjunopteniB discora, R/t. Mon. Anat. p. 131 (1838) ; Bp. Comp. Litt,
p.r>7(]838); G<ww,2J.Jiim. p. 401(1847); Cab-i^Gundl. J.f. 0.
Ift-i?, p. 228; Sdat.P.Z.S.\mi,-o.eA (Ecuador); Taylor, Ibit,
1860, p. 315 (Tigrfi Island) ; Blot. B. Eur. p, 21 (France) (18^) ;
Gimdl. J.f. 0. 1871, p. 289.
Pterocyanea discow, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. u. 617, n. 3 (1846) ;
Rchnb. Syn. Av., Natatores, t. 88. ff. 176-177 (1845) ; Bp. Compt.
Bend. xlii. p. 664 (Nicaragua) (1853) ; Woodh. Sityr. R^tp. p. 103
(lisW); LiiJil. yoiimicl. Av. y. 102 (1854); lip. Compt. Rend.
36. itiTEnau£i>DLA. 301
Adult male. Hciid and upper part of the neck dull plumbeous,
slightly glossed with grci'ii on the occiput and nape, aud marked iu
front of the eyes by a large crest'entic band of white, extending
from the sides of the forehead to the sides of the throat ; pilenm and
chin blnckiah ; back and anlerior scapulars dusky, marked with
U-aha[ied bars of piile reddisli buff; rump anil upper tail-coTerta
blackiKh, with lighter edges : lower parts pale reddish, thickly spotted
with block ; nndcr tail-covcrts black; a whito patch at the base of
the t&il on each side ; longer ttcapolars black, with n central atri[ie
of buff; lesser wing-coverts and out«r webs of sonie of the out^r
scapulars pale blue ; greater conerts white, forming u bar anteriorly
to the wing-spcculnm on the secondaries, which is glossy green ; the
tips of the secondaries bluish black : prima.ries and tail-feathers
blackish iirown ; under wing-oovert^ dusky bluish, the central ones
«nd niillaries whitu : bill uniform black ; iris brown ; feet yellowish.
Total length about l(i inches, wing 7'5, tail 3-25, culmen 1-75,
tarsus 1'2.
F*iiiiiU. Upper parts dusky, the feathers bordered with whitish
buff; pilcnm blackish: sides of the head and upper neck dull
whitish, miautoly streaked with blackish, the streaks more dense
before and behind the eye, forming an indistinct dusky stripe ; the
throat almost iniinneulate ; feathers of the underparta dusky, with
brood whilish edges and irregular bare, the bars more of a V-shape
on the flanks ; no light stripes along the centre of the longer
fcapulars ; wings as in the male, but the green speculum much
duller, and the white band formed by the tip of the last row of
npper wing-oo verts narrower.
Maltt moulting, simitar to the females, but the wings of a brighter
colour, and the markings of the feathers better defined.
Toun^. Similar to the adult female, but whole belly immaculate,
and apecnlum dull greyish brown, without metallic gloss.
Hah. North America, but chiefly east of Rocky Monutains; iu
winter West lodiea aud Middle America, south to Columbia, Ecuador.
and Peru.
«. t! sd. sk.
No W«lilv.
I'lirchased.
4. rf«i.sk.
N. AmHri^n.
C«pt. Kellett and
Lieut. Wood [P.].
r. <f ad. it.
llrpidse t{«v.
Dr. J. Rae [T.].
tf. <f td. A.
W.sideofhockvMt.,
J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.].
Tweeddah) Co2.
,. 5 »d. »k-
Hudson's Kiver.
BarMlU du Meiiquf, B-ff. Bift. X<U. Oil. ix. p. 385 (1783).
Heucsn Duok, LalA. S>,n. lij. % p. 68!l, n. 7S (17W>).
Anw M(R hinnniiF. dm, S. X. i. p. T-2!,. n. H (ITSS) -. Uih. Ind. Orn. ii.
P.8S8, n.8»(lT0O); Soon. Ear. ttU/,. i p. 100 (1701): HoU A. 2>.
r. p. 173 (1616) ; Dum. met. Sc fat. vi. p. 400 (1617) : Wagl. Iri^
lS3l.p.6^(-diMoM>,
QucrqiMduU norn hiipaniK. Slrpk Gea. Zool. lii. 2. p, 153 (ISlM),
PtarwyaniM iiot« hiiiMiiiin; G. B. Gr. Gtu. H.tii. p, H17, n.6(1643); Sv.
Cempl. Bad. iliti. p. «0U. it. 88 (165U).
f-i. tf $ ad. 8t
2 imm. sk.
k. d juv. ak.
/. tJ ad. at.
m, n. S ad. et
pulL SK.
o. £ad.Bk.
p. cf ad. «k.
9. (J juT. flk,
r, «. Ad. Bk.
l,«. (J 5 ad. sk.
o-y. 2 ad. et cf
JUV. sk.
^ a', di ad. ek.
A', d ^- sk.
^-r. d S ad. ak.
m'. £ ad. ek.
o', p'. (J ad. et
$ imm. bL
q, /, «'. J ad. et
Fort Dufferin, June.
Warner J^e, Oregnn, Sept.
Missouri Brakes, Montana,
April.
WesDoe Lake, Nevada, May,
OntonaKO, Michigan, Sept.
{A. J. Dayari).
Gibson, Indiaaa, April ( W.
Brewitrr).
New Haven, Sept. (A. J.
Dayan).
Bermudas, Oct.
Florida, March (C. J. May-
nard).
Tarpon Springs, Florida, Oct,
( H'. K li. Scett).
Texas.
San Autonio, Texas, April
(H. E. Dretter).
Corpus Cliriati, Teias, Jan,
Oct., Dec. \F. B. Arm-
strong).
Brownsville, Texas, March
(F. B. A.).
Weaveraville, N. Califomia,
Sept. (J. S. Cainu).
Mexico.
Tamesi, near Tampico,
Mexico, March ( fff B.
Richardaon).
Presidio, Mexico, Jan. (A.
Foner).
Brit. N. A roer.Boond.
Coram. [P.].
Salvin-Oodmau CoU.
£. S. Cameron, £aq.
rp.].
Salvin-C
Siuvin-Qodman CoD.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godnan OolL
Salvin-Oodniao Coll.
Capt. S. G. Had
[CO-
Salvin-Oodman Coll,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Oodman Coll.
SalviD-Godmao Coll.
Salvin-Godman CnlL
Salvin-Godman ColL
■
^^V
3G. acERauEiicLi.
303
i:^.
. (? ad. ek.
, S ad. St.
Limn, Pmi(.V«f<w.).
JftDiftica, W.Indies.
SAJrin-Qodmiui CaU.
P. H. OoBse, Ebq.
[C.l.
Gould CoU.
•"•
4". 6 Bd.
rt d
Jamaica.
r.
m"
«'■
P"
1"
Ad.ak.
'.2 St
, Steniam,
. SUrrnuiD.
NevU, W. Indies.
8. Vincent, W. Indies, Oct.
Gtenada,Sept. {D. W. SmUh).
.IwnaicR.
W. Cottie, Esq. [P,].
SolTin-Godnisn Colt
SJrin-GodmanColl.
P. H. Qou^, E»q.
o. Querqaedula cyanoptera.
TaIo altis azuW, ^zora, ylpunt. iii. jip. 437, 439, n. 43i (ISOSj.
Ciuurd nux iule« bleues, .'Uara, Voy. {Sonn. td.) iv. p. 341 (1^}9).
Ahm evanoptera, ViaU. N. D. v. p. 104 (1810); id. Enc. MM. i.
p. 352 (1823) ; JHerrem in Ertek u. Oruh. Ene. sect. i. vol. xxxt.
a. 33 (IS41); Sann. La Plata-JUite, ii. p, 616 (1861); ScAfcy.
Mtu. P.-B., Anserea, p. 51 (1S66); nieb. Tha. Om. i. p. ;m
(1872); A. O. U. Lul N. Amer. S.p.n7.n.\41{lSS6); BidoK.
Man. X. Amer. B. p. 93 (1887) ; Frrna:!., J. f. 0. 1802, p. 125
(Coidoba) ; Hartert, Kat. Vvjeltamml. p. 231 (Mexico) (1891) ;
Hatch, B.ofMintifs. p. 47 (le02).
LfAiias j&spiitea, VieiU. N. D. t. p. 163 (Paraguay) (1810) (m
lc^ud&teteja£pije, Vifill. ibid. ; id. Enc. MH/i. i. y. 352 0B23).
Anas rafflcdi, finji, Zoot. Joim. iv. p. i)7 (18:^8), Suppl. pi. 39
(Magellan Sttnita) ; Jard. ^ SM. lU. Om. new ser. pL :!& (1838) ;
Out. Joun. Ae. Philad. iv. p. 19<> (Luuiduia) (1848).
Cywioptwrua raffleaii, Eyt. Man. Anal. pp. 38, 132 (1838) ; Ilartl.
VfTL. Oe». .Vut. p. 119 (1844).
Qaerqaedula cfflHilata, " Ei/ton '' {icribt csmlcata), Fnuer. F. Z. S.
1843, p. 118; G. E. Or. Liit B. Brit. Mum. ia. f. 13>H\S4i) ;
YarrtU, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 54 (epg); Df* ->/««« i" Gay's Hia. de
Chtle. i. p. 462 (1848) ; Bli/tJt, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 306,
n. 1783 (1849); Hartl. Kaumamtia. 1853, pp. 217, 222: Oould,
P. Z. S. 1869, p. 115 (Fdklands) ; Fhilippi, Omit, 1888, p. IttO
(Antofagasta).
Adhs ueiultsBta, LicM.,Jide G. B. Gr. Utt B. Brit. Mm. iii. p. 188
[in sjDoajm. QueiqueJule ctenUcalai) (1844); Lieht. in Mui.
Ba^.. Bibra, DmloKkr. Ak. IViat, v. p. 131 (Cluli) (1853); td.
J./. 0. 1865, p. 67.
Pterocyanea cwnileata, O. It. Gr. Gen. S. iii. p. 617, n. 4 (1845) ;
JteiTtb. Syn. Av., NaUtotes, t. 80. f. 178 (1845), t. 90. f. 2337
(1860) (m- Jard. ct Sdby] ; Harll. Ind.A^r.Apmt. p. 27. n.4»J
(1847) : Later. Ann. Lye. iV. i'. v. p. 220 (CaUfomia) (1862) :
Bp. Vampt. Bmd. niviii. p. 664 (California) (1853) ; H'cod/i.
SOyr. Bep. p. 103 (Texaa, New Me»ico, California) (1863) ; Lickt.
KonuiaC Av. p. 102 (Meiico, Chili) (1864); Bp. Compt. Rtnd.
xliu. p. 650, 0.87(1666); .VewA. P.*. A. ii^>. vi. p, 103 (S. Cali-
fornia) (1867) ; Pfh. BeiM Xoeara, Voyrl, p. 139 (1865) ; nu. !>■
limdb. Cat. Av. ChU. p. 42 (Chili) (1868).
f BcMcha* diacors occidental is, Denny, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 40.
Plerocyanai rafSesii, Baird, Stambary't Rep. p. 322 (Oreat Salt
Lake) (1862) : Eyl. Syn. Anal. p. 88 (1860).
Querquedula cjanoptera,. Scia(. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 104 (Bogota, Sta,
Martha) { Ous. lU. B. Calif, p. S2, pi. 15 (LouUiaiia, Utah)
(1865) ; id. U.S. A,tron. Erp. ii. p. SB2 (1856) ; Sclat. P. Z. 8.
1856, p. 311 (Mexico) i Balrd, 5. jV. -4m. p. 780 (Rocky Moun-
taiDS to Pacific) (1868); id. Cat. A', ^m. ff. d. 682 (1&59) ; id.
Mex. B. Surv. u. 2, Birdt,^. 26 (Teias) (1850); Seial. P.Z S.
1859, p. 237 (VancnuYer I.J ; Kenn. P. R. R. Rep. x. Birdt, p. 35
(Arizona and California) (1859); Seerm. ibid. p. 69 (Hew
Mexico and Oaliroraia) (I860) ; Chop. ^ Suckl. Oid. xii. p. 266
(Oregon) (1860); iSclaL P. Z.S.l8G0,r,.m)(FaMimds); Abbott,
Ibii, 1861, p. 161 ; Couen, Pr. Ae. Phiiad. 1806, p. 98 (Ariiona) ;
id. Ibis, 1866, p. 263 ; Sclal. P. Z. S. 1867, ]>. 336 (Chili) ; Baird,
Ibii, 1967, V- 271 ■,Sclat.^Saiv.Ibii,lS6H,u. 189 (Sandy Point);
Brown, IbU, 1868, p. 428; Sclat. ^ Sah. P. Z S. 1869, p. IfiO
(Buenos Ayres) ; Slfv. U.S. Gfol. Sun. Terr. 1870, p. 466 (Wyo-
ming) ; G. R. Gr. Hand4itl, iii. p. 83, n. 10657 (1871) ; Merr.
U.S. Geol. Sum. Terr. 1872, p. 703 (Idaho, breeding) ; Aiken, Pr.
Bolt. Soe. XV. p. 210 (Colorado) (1872) ; Alien, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zo<^. iii. p. 183 (Utah) (1872) ; Cbufi, Key, p. 288 (1872) ; id.
Check-m, n. 497 (1873) ; Selat. ^ Salv. Nomencl. Av. JVeoft™.
p. 129 (1873) ; ioiCT". Menu Bost. Soc. N. H. v. p. 314 (Mexico)
(1874) ; Onut, Birds N.- Weet, p. 567 (1874) ; Ta<s. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 654 (Centr. Peru) ; Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 17, 384
(Peru); Dumf. Ibis, 1876, p. 103, 1877, p. 41 (Chuput), p. 191
(Buenos Ayras) ; Taci. P. Z. S. 1877, p. U6 (W. Peru) ; Dum/.
Ibit, 1878, p. 400 (Centr. PatiiMiiia) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 522 ;
SAaipe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 14 (Talcahuano) ; Ridffw. Norn. N. Am.
B. n. 610 (1881) ; Couei, CAeck-liit. 2nd ed. p. 114, n. 717 (1882) ;
MUne-Edic. Reck. Faun. Rig. Austral, oh. ix. p. 40 (1882) ; Sain.
Cat. B. Strickl. CoU. p. 536 (1882) ; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 625 ;
B.,B.,^R. Wattr-Birdt N. Am. ii. p. 534 (1884); Barroios,
Auk, 1834, p. 273 (Pampas) ; Coueg, Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed,
D. 696 (1884) ; Tacz. ^ Berl. P. Z S. 1886, p. 116 (Ecuador) ;
(. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 401 (Twapaca) ; Taex. Om. Pir. ii. p. 474
— " • ' f. die"" - '"■■ -' ■ ■ ■ ■■ ■
, aUGRftCEDULA.
305
primaries, primory-coTerts, aad bastard-wing dark brown ; under
«ring-coverts brown, with a blaisli shade, and tipped with whit-c,
tho inner ones, like the axillaries, white; tail-feathors brown, with
narrow pale edgea : bill black ; feet yellow ; iris dark brown. Total
length aboat 18 inches, wing 7'9, tail 3-5, cnlmen 1-9, tarsus
1-25.
FemaU. Very similar to that of Q. dixorg, but somewhat larger,
the bill especially ; culmen 1-65-1-85 ; the feathers of the back less
blackish, and with tho pale greyish-brown edges broader and much
more conspicnoos ; lower parts deeply tinged with light brown or
buff-brown.
Young. Similar to adult female, hut markings of lower parts much
narrower, streak-like.
Yovtng in down. " Above dark olivaceous, varied by u spot of deep
greenish huff on each side of back (behind wings) and a. spot of
clenrer yellowish on each side of rump, at base of tail ; top of head
and hind-neck similar to back, but darker ; forehcud, broad super-
ciliary stripe, sides of head and neck, and lower parts generallj',
deep buff-yellow, the sides of the bead marked with a distinct
narrow stripe of dark brown." {Ridyway.)
llab. Western America, from the Columbia Itiver to Chili, Paru-
gnay, Argentine Republic, Patogonia and Falkland Islands ; casually
in tile Uissisippi Valley.
a. a ad. sk.
6, c. (f ad.sk,
d, «,/. J ad, sk.
g. a ad. sk.
N. America.
Carsou, Nevada.
f. cf ad. sk.
r. (j ad. ct.
•. (f ad. sk.
t-t. d 5 ad,
imm. sb.
«*, &'. dKd.sk.
e-v. d 5 ad. et
d juv- sk.
i*. d ftd. sk.
M',n'.dSsd.Bk.
o'.l^- d ? sd. ak,
/. d *^ all.
I
••- —
^M TOL. XXV
ker).
San Francisco, CnUfomlB.
Browns ville, Texas, Jan.,
March, April (F. B. Aitn-
ttronff).
Preddio, Mexico, Feb. (A.
Forrer).
Interior of New Granada
{TrUbner).
Chili.
CbiU.
Stu'sya, TarapBCii. Jan., Feb.,
Sitam, Tarapaca, Jan.
Cenirol Chili.
Bnntiago, Chili [Lmbold).
Colcbsguo, Chill, July.
TalcahusDO, Chili, Sept.
Monte Video (Johmton).
Buenos Ayres, May.
Capt. Eetlett&Lieut.
Wood [P.].
Salvin-Oodman Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Salvin-tiodman Coll.
Salrin-Qodman Coll.
Salvin-Oodman Coll.
LonJ^ Byron [P.}
Cuming Coll.
H. Iterkeli-y James.
Esq.^P.j:
II. Berkelev James,
Esq. [P.i
II. Berkeley James,
F^q.yp.j
SalTio-Godman ColL
iL J. Elwes, Esq.
[PA
Dr. Coppingor [C.J,
Salvin-Godman CoU.
U, Dumford, Esq.
[P.],
d. $ Inm, *k. 8trnla dl Magnnan. Cnt. Eub [C.].
C.v'. c;2 •d.ak. Falklind la^AngiuL GonldC<dl
/, v*. $ Id. «t FalUud Ii. TwMdd^ CoD.
(J jur. ik.
37. SPATDLA. „_
Type.
SjHtulA, Bom, Zm, 182S, p. W4 S. djpetta.
lihrncIiMpiB, LemA, MBS. ; Sb^A. (r«. ZooL xii. 2, p. 114
(1824) S. clTp«ta.
firwtulttt, FUm. Brit. Amm. p. 123 (1828) 8. dTpe»ta.
i!\yp(faU iniihgen.), Leu. Man.iFOm. a. f. 41Q{IS2S). . S. cljpwt*.
Clyp<«ta, " Bote," Brtkm, Jni, 1830, p. 987 a dypeato.
Anu, »e. (nee Linn.) Faun. Sor.-Am. iL p. 4U9 (1831). S. djpeate.
Itawje. CoBmopolitaii.
Key to the Specia.
a, LcatfftT KKpulaTB with a white baud along the
ra^ntnil part; abdomen (le«p cheBtuuL
a'. IIi'iul nnd upper portdou of the neck deep
gloHty green clypeata ^ , p. 806.
h', Ifi-ad and upper nortiou of the neck bluieh
lead-colour, witn b vhite ciescentic band
butmecn the biieu of the bill and the ejes,
extending to the throat r/iynchotu ^, p. 314.
e'. Head and neck light rufescent, minutely
■lotted with black platalea jf , p. 316.
A, Ijongpr Bcapulara dark blue-green, more bluish
on the outer web, with no white band
dong the central part ; abdomen with no
chuHtuut colour eapauit ij , p. 818.
L
307
(1631) ; fibvi; Om. Tok. iii. p. 154 (IBSl) ; MinAtr.Cal. Eau. Cauc.
p. G7 (CaiUBn) (1832) ; Ifatt. Mam. iLp. 375 (1^34); Jtn. Man.
p. 230 (1835) ; Nordm. in B-man't Fere. Tkier. Pfiaaz. p. 18
(1836) ; &e. Clatt. B. a. p. 3«7 (1837); .lud. Om. Biogr. iv.
L241, pi. 327 (1838) ; id. Syn. p. 283 (18391 ; TVwwi. «iw.
I ed. iv. p. 540 (1840) ; Jrrd. Madr. Joam. xii. p. 230, n. 382
(1840): sLth, P.Z.8. 1842, p. 220 (Calcutta); Navm. F^-
I>euUchl.xl.O.7i7,T:aI.S0e{18^);Aud.B.Am.n.v.2&3,Bl.SH
(1843); Oiraud,B.lA»tgI»l.p.&nQ»44y, DeKm/, N. Y. Zool. ii.
p. 342 (1844) i &A/cy. ifcK. Crii. p. oit (1844) ; iteii^, P. Z. &
i847,p.40; JVo/e, l/.S.£ipl.Ejp^ BiJrfi,p.2ol,ap. Ifti (Hamui
ud Osliu) (1818); J^l. Om. Eur. U. p. 423 (1649) ; Ttrnm. ^
Schlcff. Faun. Jap-Ava, p. 128(18S0); SarU. Arch. Xaluiy. ISS2,
U p. 122 (Hawaii, Oaha) ; Midd. «t&ir. Bets. U. p. 233 (1853) ;
Zemb. Av. Cui. p. 116(1856); Adatas, P. Z. S.18m, p. SIO;
Kita. Denkw. ij. p. 294 (l858) ; Tajfl. Ibiii, 1859, p. 54 (Etypt) (
Witd, J.f. O. 1869, p. 174; Mart. ibid. p. 220 (Bfnnudn) ; Blot,
in Kaum. Viiff. DniUtM. lui. 2, p. 312 (egtn) {I860) ; I'awyt, Ibit,
\mO, p. 353; Sunnk. IbU, 1862, p. 264 (Foocliow) ; i.1. P. Z. S.
1863, p. 824; IacM. J.f. O. 1883, p. fill (Mexico); Wnjkt,
Ibif. l«04, p. 155; &A%. Mta. F.-B., Anseres, p. 33 (part.)
CI); HuKltv. C^v. K. Vri.-Akad. Fork. 18(Ri, p. (103 (Porto
); DoU, Pr. BofL Soe. N. fl, rii. p. 306 (1809); PntK:
Puirtch. &'.™r.n. 206 (1870); Garn. -Km, 1871, p.299 (Alceris):
Ttofl. Ibii, 1872, p. 233 (Crimeii) ; Gieb. ZAw. Om. L p. 348 (sjn.
emend) (1672); Sererb. Turkeit. Jeootn. p. 30(1873); Adami,
Ibii, 1878, p. 432 (UichnU«ki) ; J)ole, Hawta. Alman. 1879, p. 5fi;
Snerla. Ibit, 1883, p. 76 (Pamir) ; Serlt. Hilt Brit. B. iii. p. 654,
[i 63 (t«g) (1885) ; id. B. Jap. Emp. p. 242 (1800).
AiiMelypeiitnj9{At)s.ainuacarift, Gtmt.), Linn. S. If. i. p. 200 (1766);
Gm. S. y. i. 2, p. 518 (1788) ; tath. Ind. Om. a. p. 867 (1790) ;
ritUl. A'. D. V. p. 166 (1816).
AiMtra m«8M)loiw, Oerini. Star, degli Uee. v. tav. 672 ( <J ) (1770),
Sonchet, D'Aubent. PL Btd. 071 (J), 872 (2) ; Buf. Ifitl. Nat.
Oit. ix. p. 191 (1783).
Red-brewted Slioveler, Pern. Brit. Zoot. ii. n. 281 (England) (1785) ;
Lath. Syn. iii. 2, p. 512, n. 67 (1786).
Uexican Shoveler, Lath. Syn. iii. 2, p. 511, n. 66 (1785).
Anu ru%u«l«r. Lath. Om. Syn. Suppl. i. p. 297 (1787).
Anas dypeat* y, Om. S. X. L 2, p. 519 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Om. ii.
p. 857 (1790).
Ana* niexicana. Gm. 8. JV. L 2, p. 519, n. 81 (1788) ; Zath. Ind. On.
iL p. 857, n. 61 (1790) ; Dmn. Diet. Sc. Nat. ri. p. 366 (1817) ;
lybrb. in La Sagra'i Uid. Nat. Oi*a, Ow. p, 299 (1840) ; Gmdl.
J.f. 0. 1871, pp. 278, 280.
Anaa rubens, Gm. S. N. i- p. 610, n. 82 (1788) (w Ptnnant) ; Ltdi.
Ind. Om. ii. p. 867, n. 62 (1790) ; Bonn. Enc. Mitk. i. p. 145
(1790) ; VieM. N. D. v. pp. ISt, 156 (1816) ; Oum. Did. Sc. Nal.
Ti. p. 378 (1677).
Anw dvpeala'niexicaiia, Bonn. Ent. Mith. L p. 161 (1791).
Spatula' dn«Bta, Soie, Iii*, 1822, p. 564, 1826, p. 980; G. S. Or.
Lia B. BrU. Mta. iii.ji. 139 (1844); id. Gen. B. iii. p. 018, n. 4
(1846) (Brn.Hmentl.); AoMT, P.Z.S. 1845, p. 13; Rahnh. Sun. As.,
NataU.re«. I. 88. fE. 215-216 (1845); Biipp. Sgrt. Ufbrrt. p. 188,
n. 490 (N.E. Afr.) (1846) ; O. B. Or. Cat. Hodui. ColL B. M.
p. 116 (Nepal) (1816) ; Btyth, Cat. B. Miu. A. S. B. p. 303, n. 1770
iajrn. eineod.) (1849) ; Mchnb. Ac. tSyit. Nat. p. ix (1851') ; Woodk.
SUgr. Sep. p. 104 (18C3) ; Zmard, Ann. 8f Mag. N. B. siv. p. 379
(CeTlon) (I8S4) ; GotM, P. Z. 8. 1666, p. BS ; Hartl. Suit. Om.
Wutafr. p. 248 (CBBamanee) (1867) ; Cab. J. f. O. 1867, p. 22»
iGuba) ; Com. U.S. Krpl. Erp., Mam. ^ Om. p. 343 (1868) ; Baird,
1. JV. Am. p. 781 {IS58) ; td. Cat. N. Am. B. n. 583 (1868) ; id.
Mex. B. Sun. p. 27 (1859) ; Hetrm. P. E. B. E^. i. pt. Ti. p. 60
(1869); Sdat. ^ Salv. IbU, 1859, p. 231 (Guatemaia); Saiv. ibid.
pp. 366, 363 (E. AUm) ; O. R. Or. Litt 3. Trap. I»t. p. 66 (1869) ;
Vo(^. ^ Suekl. K. H. Wath. Terr. p. 265 {I860) ; Zawr. Ann,
Imc. y. Y. vii. p. 274 (Cuba) (1860) ; A. Newt. Ibit, I860, p. 308
(St. Thomu) 1 Sclm. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 83 (Jamaica) ; Irbg, Ibit,
1861, p. 249 (Oudh) ; Slakiit. Ibu, 1862, pp. 9, 332 ; Sclat.
P.ZB. 1862, p. 20 (Mexico) ; Hm/d. Sep. 1862, p. 176 ; G. R. Gr.
Lid Br. B. p. 197 (1863) ; Sou, Canad. Nat., April 1862 ; Verr.
Pr. Bu. Inst. in. p. 168 (1862) ; Albrnht, J. f. O. 1862, p. 207
BwmA. Slid. p. 434 {Formosa) j March, Pr. Ac. PhUad. 1864, p. 71
(Jamaica) ; Jerd. B. of Itid. iii. p. 796 (1864) ; P Oould, Handb.
B. Amtr. li. p. 370 (N. S. Waleal) (1866) ; fiWat. P. Z. S. 1865,
p. 618 (Hakodadi); More, Ibis, 1866, p. 442 (Great Brit.);
Omdi. Repert. Fit.-Nat. i. p. 389 (Cuba) (1866) ; Coue$, Pr. Ac.
Phitad. 1866, p. 99 (Arizona); Lawr. Arm. Lye. N. T. viii,
p. 297 (1866) i Liat. OU. Trin. p. 618 (1866) ; Degl. * Gerhe,
Om. Eur. ii. p. 503 (1867) ; WhiUly, Ibit, 1867, p. 207; Cottet,
Pr. Eti. Itut. T. p. 299 (1868); Drake, Ibit, 1869, p. 164
(Morocco) ; Seiat. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 629 (breeding) ; Goeb. J.f. O.
1869, p. 32 (Archangel); Frantx.J.f. 0. 1869, p. 378 (Costa Rica);
Egt. ^. Anat. p. £0 (1869) ; Baa ^ Banti. Tr. Chic. Acad. i.
p. 297 (Alaska) (1869) ; Eiwa ^ Buckl. Ibit, 1870, p. 330 (Turkey) ;
FtMch, Z^. ZooL Soc. -vii. p. 301 (AbyeBinia) (1870) ; Stev. U.S.
Gtol. SuTv. Terr. 1870, p. 466 (Wyoniing) ; G. R. Gr. Hand4itt,
iii. p. 86, n. 10676 (1871) ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 418 (S. China,
Furnio.-!!) ; Oiridd, II. Urtat lirU. v. pi. 11 (pi. \y.., 1^71) : Allen,
Bull. Mils. Comp. ZkI. iii. p. 183 (Hiah) (la?:?) ; IIoUUic. P. Z. S.
37. flPArcLi.
309
Bir^, n. 608 (1881) ; C. Smnh. IbU, 1883, p. 124 ; Couet, Ckerk-
iM(,2nd ed. p. 114, n. 718 (1882); Sate. Cat. B. Striekl. O.tL
S53«(18b2); Blakiit. ^ Pryer, Tr.At. Soc.Jap.i.'p.9fi(\S&>);
. O. V. Lilt Brit. B. p. 128 (18S3) ; Sclat. LiU Vert. An. 8th id.
p. 437 (18SS) ) NtUon, 'CniUe Concin.' p. 96 (1883) ; Obua, Key
Jf. Am. B. 2iid ed. p. 606 (1884) ; Saliiad. Ann. Mm. av. Gai.
(a) i. p. 247 (Shoa) (1884) ; B.. B., * B. Watfr-B. N. Am. i.
p.S26(1884}i Triitr. Fatal. ^ Flor.FaUat.f.n%i\^ii); Saui'd.
m YamtV$ Hat. Brit. B. iv, p. 375 (1884-85) j Con/, Liit B. If.
Itid. p. 31 (1885) ; St^n. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mtu. no. 29, p. 159
{Bering I.) (1835) ; Zaroudn. Oil. Tran«xup. p. 72 (1883) ; Shari-f,
Ibit, 1886, p. 493 (Fao); A. 0. U. Chfrk-lUt JV. Am. B. p. 117,
n. 143 (1886) ; Saivad. EL U<x. Ital. p. 2fiO (1886): Ae/rt. Enc. Brit.
Stta ed. xii. p. 842 (1886) ; Turner, Gmtr. JV. S. Ata»ka. p. 133
0886); iVeiwji, ^at. H«t. Coll. in Altuka, p. 89 (1887) : SMn. Pr.
V.8. Nat. Mu». I. p. 137 (Berinir 1.) (1887) ; SiHgw. Man. N. Am.
Birds, p. 97 (1887) ; Taa. P. Z. S. 18**, p. 460 (Coreft) ; P Bam*.
Tab. Lai, p. 23, n. 672 (New 8. Wolra) (18SS) ; Shu/eldl, JV.
ZT.S. Nat. Mut. 1888, pp. 230-248, ff. 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24,
SS (osleolcey) ; Salcad. Ai\n. Mui. Civ, Oen. (2) vi. p. 323 (Shoa)
■{1888) ; Cory, Auk, 1888, p. 54 ( W. Iadie«t ; id. B. W. Ind. p. 265
(1889) ; S&arpe, Tr. linn. Sac. (2) Ztml. y. p. 91 (1889) ; £<//.
Cbl. Flff. Or. B. pt. X. pi. — (1830) ; Triitr. Cat. CalL S. p. 48
<1889) : Feild. IbiM, 1889, p. 500 (lUrbados) ; North. Cat. NftU
4- Eggs Aaitr. B. p. 371 (1889) ; Saunders, Man. Brit. B. p. 415
(1880): BcAme. J./. O. 1890, p. 82; Emm, Ibit, 1891. p. 73
{incubation) ; Sluan, ibid. pp. 328, 497 ; Sharpe. Sop. I'ark. Mi*f.,
Artt,v. 132(1891); id. Cat. (hteol. Spmm. CoU. Swg. ili. p. 303
S881): Hartfrt,Kat. Vogdtamml. v- 232 (1891); HaUA, B. of
MRM. p. 47 (1892) ; Hanmy, Ann. SeoU. N. S. t. p. 138 (Orkney)
(1893); Battertby, Zool. 1892, p. 311 (Wcstmeftth) ; Duboit,
Faun. Vert. Brig., Ow. ii. p. 458, pi. 252 (1892) ; De la Tow^he,
iAw,18»2, p.492; Fairbridgt, n)U,\^^,o. l.»(CapeI); Meade-
Waido, aid, p. 199 (Canariei): SJimig, J./. 0. 1893, p. 104;
Chapm-lbii, 1694. p. 842 (W. JutUnd) ; Scott Wile. AveeSairai.
pt iv. (1893): C^^nn. £ei^ .dm. ATiM. JV. if. 1894, p. 83 (Trinidad) ;
Satead. Mem. B. Ac. Se. Tor. [2) zliT. p. 594 (Somali) (1804).
Bhvnch&RiiB djpeats. ZeacA. MS.: Steph. Gen. Zool. xii. 3, p. 115,
p"l. 48 (1834); Striekl. P. Z. S. 1836, p. 102 (Smyrn«) ; Eyt. Cat.
Br. B. p. 01 (1836) ; Gould. B. of Eur. \. pi. 360 (1837) ; EvI.
Man. Anat. p. 131, pi. 3. f. 7 (fltucnum) (1638) ; Bp. Comp. Litt,
p. 67 (183S) ; Dkkt. ^ Bou. P. Z. S. 1839. p. 134 (Eraeronm) ;
Vfo. Zool. Beackeu't Voy. p. 31 (1839); K. * B. Wirbellh. Eur.
pp. toiv, 227 (1840); Striekl. P. Z. S. 1842. p. 167 (Chins);
Mat^U. .Van. ii. p. 172 (1842) ; Sefy»-l. Faun. Belg. i. p. 143
(1842); HarU. Vert. Get. Mat. p. 120(1644); Goue, B. Jam.
p. 408 (1847) ; Hartl. Arch. f. Naturg. 1852, i. pp, 136, 137
(Swdwich lal.) ; Bp. Gimpt. Bend, xctvii. p. 004 (1853) ;
Waliaigr. AViumiin)tHi,1864,p.270(Scandinatia): Liebt. Nomencl.
><R p. 102(1854); Selat. P. Z. 8. 1855, p. 164(Bo^t«!): Bp.
Cbmpl. Bend, iliii. p. &W, n. 82 (18.56) : Neiei. P. B. B. Bep. vi.
p. 1(J3 (1857) ; Cab.'lt Gu'ndl. J./. O. iS57.p.228(Cul»); Zotie.
Cat. Mamm. el Oi: Ala. p. 141 (1858) : MTurr. Edinb. Neu, PhU.
Joum. 1869, p. 229; Trittr. Ibta, 18-tO, p. 37 (Paleiline), 1660,
p. 81(Jt.K. Alr.)i S;7np8<m,ifo>. 1 — — " " - -
Sbr. N. II. vii. p. 30ii (Cubn) 1181 . , _. ^ ..
(Ilonj^kong); Tn*tr. P.Z.S. 1864, p. 4'f3 (rslestiue) ; &oinh.
0 tMATax.
Ibu, 1667, ^ 388; AfOw, Vrit, 1871, p. S16; 8a-md. lUt, 1871,
p. 896 (8. EhMin) ; 8MUu, B. ofEgypt,v. 285 (1872) ; Too. J.f. O.
1873, p. IIU, 1874, ^ SSI; id. Om. Vod. aOnr. p. 30 (1877) ; id.
BuU. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1877, p. 46, 188S, p. 34S ; JEodUf , Ondt Cimeat.
p. 4m (i8»i).
B&jticbaqai mezicana, A«)A. ffrfn. ZboJL liL S, p. 118 (1624).
Spatulea clj>pe«U, J%in. .^if. ..Jni'in. p. 123 (1828).
ClypeBtK macTorhTiichoi, SrOm, Itit, 1830, p. 9»7 ; (iii Fm. ZJealiciU.
p. 870 (1831).
Cljppata pUtTThvncboi, Brehm, Int. 1830, p. 997 ; ijf. Fm. DemlieU.
p. 877 (1831).
Cljpeata pomuioa, BreMn, Imt, 1830, p. 9OT; irf. Vt^. DetUteU,
p. 879 (1831).
ClrpMte bnchyrliTncllua, Brehm, IiU, 1830, p. 997; id. Vdg.
Jhuttchl. p. 878 fl831).
Ilbj'iichiuipii TirettceoB, Leaeh
n. 217 (bukhnn).
Rhvnchaiipis iiiBcrorhynchoa, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 377 (185S).
" ^ncho«, £r«Am, F.^^. p. 378 (1856); id.Nau-
Brehm, Naumamaa, 185S, p. 298.
" • 'a.
Compt. Bold. zliiL p. 650
A MS8.,Jide Syie*, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 166,
Rhyncha*pis poi
BhfDchaapiB brachyrhjnchoB, Brehm, ibid.
Kbynchupis pUtyuros, Brehm, ibid.
RbTncbsniU cljpeata a. mexicaus, .
(1866).
Asaa (Ilhynehaepifl) clypeato, ScArenck, Iteit. Amurl
{I860) ; Badde, Beit. S. O.-Sibir. ii.jp. 373 (1863).
BhyncliMpia spathulattt, C. F. Daft. H. " ' " '
(i860).
BbyDchaamuB (!) clypeata, Koenig, J.f. O. 1893, p. 104.
(. Cot. Oil. Belg. iii. p. 276
Adult mah. Head and tipper part of the neck dark glossy green ;
lower nook, broast, and tho anterior Bcapulare white ; middle of the
hack dark brown, the feathers with paJe edges ; nuDp and upper
37. SFITCU.
SlI
I
tail-feathers wltitbti, with brovn marks : beak oliTe-brown, base of
the maxilla and the entire mandible orange ; irides bazol-brown ;
feet dull orange.
MaU in first plumagt rosembles the female, but the wings ate
brighter coloared ; bill pale reddish brown ; l^s and feet flesh-
colour.
MaUt in Oieir first nu/tlial plimage have the white of the breasl
with a few dark crescontic bands, the lower belly with dark bars,
ajid the rich block of the andcr tail-eoverU mottled with chestnut
and white.
Adult male in Tiutullinff plumage may bo dietinguished from the
adult female by the greater brilliancy of the blue and metallic
green on the wing, the plwn dark upper tail-coverts, and the
general darker colour of the entire plumage; the crown is dark
Finiiur in down resemble those of the Wigoon in having the upper
parts almost uniform, with indialiuct pale spots, but tliey posses,*
the dark brown stripe through the eye as in the young Mallard.
The bill is not widened at the tip, but it grows very rapidly.
Hafi. Northern hemisphere, breeding as far north as lat. 6S° ;
from the Palteurctic region in winter extends in Africa as far south
as Casamoncc on the West, and Somali-land on the East ; and in Asia
as far as Arabia, Persia, India, Ceylon, Formosa, Southern China,
and Japan ; in America as far as Colombia and the West Indies.
a, ». (J 2 «!■ »t.
c. $ ad. et.
d. 2 juv- •*.
«,/. tf $ ad. St.
S/'l. (f 2 ad, et
jm. »k. etsL
Qreat Dritnln,
Great Britun.
Loch Lomond, Scotland, Aug.
Jlerton, Norfolk, Uay.
Lincolnshire.
Aldeburgh, Suflblk, Aug.
o. ^ ad-rt.
p,j. (f 2»d,ak.
Purchased.
The Duke of Mont-
rose rP.].
Lord WaUinaham
[!■.]■
Montagu Coll.
Tbeo. Fisher, Esq.
(T.]. ^
Theo. Hsher, ^.
[P.].
Montagu Coll.
Baron A. von Iliigel
y, t. 2 ad. et
(J2 Jn'-'J'-
a'. J imm. sk.
&'. (f od. ak.
^M f-. a ad. ak.
H J. $ ad. sk.
Poole Harbour, Doc., Jan., Feb.
Archangel, June.
Middensee, Oeimany, June,
Hungary, Sept
Golicia.
Sardints, l^Iurch (ft. E, S.\.
Eubcea, Greek Archipelago,
[P.].
Baron A. «
[P.].
HuBgnrian
Mu.
on Hiigel
on Hugel
on Hiigel
National
^-l ,
on HUgtfl
Baron A.
[P.].
SbeUey Coll.
H. J, Elwes, Esq.
[P.].
312
et JUT. as..
A'. $ kd. Bk.
i. (f ad. Bk.
f,/'. (J?Bd.8k.
et % inun.ak.
p'. 2 jiv. ik.
9'. $ ad. 8k.
r'. $ ad. sk.
V.C. <J? aiak.
m', 1/. cf ad. et
imm. ak.
u>'. cf ad. ak.
a--. Pull. ak.
jf'. J imm. Bk.
£^t, Feb., April (0. £ A). SbeUe; ColL
AJexudrit, Feb.
Senaf6, AbyBmnia, April ( ITm.
Jeue).
AogoUala (fiorra).
Bagdad.
Mesopotamia (/onw).
Fao, Pemian Quit
LenkoTan.
Sanpta, ApriL
Eaaan, June.
Omak, Maj.
NarimskaJB, Ob R, Sept.
Valle; oi the Yen-e-eaj,
Siberia, l*t. 664°, June
{S. &).
Eaahgar (Beiieto).
J.Bowriiig,E^.[P.l
SheUer ColL
TweetWUi ColL
India Muaenm [P.],
C. Chevalier, Eaq.
[P.]. ^
Kenneth Loftua, Eaq.
[P.]. ^^
Euphrates Exned.
(g.\ '^
W. D.
Seebol
K
ion.
Baion A. von BMgd
[P.].
Baron A. von Hiifrel
[Po-
st. Oeonre Littledale,
Dr. O.'fWi [P.].
Seebohm CoU.
India Mutteum [P.].
India Museum [P.].
37. bpahtla.
Nepal {B. B. HodgttmX
Native Sikhim, March (£. Man-
deUi).
Bootan (Ptmbertan).
Shan Stales.
Cochin China.
Lob-nor, March {PrjecaUhf\
Djunjfaiia, May {PijevaUky).
China (TucAett).
Kiukiang, China, March-
India MuMum [T^].
E. W. Gates, EbQ.
[P.].
M.St. Pierre [P.].
Seebohm CoIL
Se«bohm Coll.
Tweeddale ColL
Fortune CoU.
F. W. atjan, Esq.
[P.].
Lieut. Davies [PJ-
. Saunden,
*». 5
I
a\ 6*. e ad. et
jUT. ak.
«'*, rf'. (J ad. at
S inun. ab.
'•-;*'. (J 2 ad. et
.-■. cT ad. ak.
A'. $ ad. Rk.
/>, M*. n'. cT ad.
et mv. A.
«*.p. 7*. (f 2ftd.
et imm. sk.
AV rf^.et$
«'. ? jUT. sk,
r*. (^ tnun. ek.
te: 6 mLsL
*'. 2 imm. sk.
»*. rf juT. ak.
Caaton Market, China (R. Swin- :
hot).
Takow, Formosa, Feb., Dec. I
(S. S.).
Yokohama, Japan iU. Piyrr). I
. Ycno, Japan, Oct. {Blakii-
**» *^- tf i""- *
9 inm. ak.
j'-D*. rf 2 ad. et
imm. ok.
w*. rf ad. ak.
j". cf juv. ik.
Ft Simpson, July.
4Sth t'arallul, April
Ma^sachuti^tts, Oct.
Cbicag,}, Illinois, April {E. W.
Rockport, N. America,
Fairporl. N. America.
French Itroad II., near Alex-
andeHB, N. C, April lU.
w. m.
Denver, Colorado, Mav.
Brownsville, Teias, " March,
April (F. B. Armetrony).
Corpus ChrUti. Teias, Oct.,
Doc. (F. B. A.).
California, Dm. {S. O. Parker).
Zac*t<K88, Mexico, Feb. { W. B.
Richardson).
Presidio. Mexico, Feb, {A,
Farrrr).
Duefias, Ctuatemala, Feb,, Oct
(O. S.).
nunmuchni, Guatemala, Feb.
(O. S).
Medellin, V.S. Colombia {T. K.
SaliHoH).
F. Ringer, Esq. [P.].
Soebohm ColL
J. K. Lord, Esq. [P-l-
J. K. Lord, Eaq. [P.].
N. America Bound-
ary Gnmm. [P.l.
B. B. Ross. Eao.[P.].
N. America Boun-
dary Conun. [P,].
Salvin-fiodman Coll.
Salvin-Oodn
a CoU.
Prof. KirtUnd [P.l.
Sal vin-0 adman Cull.
Salviu-Grwliuan C^jIL
Salvin-Gmlraan ColL
Salvin-Goilmaii CoU.
SalviD-Ooduian Coll.
Salvin-Oudman ColL
Salviii-Oodman Coll.
S14
y*, s". PdIL nt.
a*. Skeleton.
6*. Skeleton, im-
perfect.
«*. Skull.
iT. Sternum.
a*. Stenimi with
■IioaldeT-girdle.
Nep>L
£nglukd.
England.
Pnchaaed.
PvcfaAMd.
a H. HodgMO, Era.
T. Ingdl, Eeq. [P.].
2. SpEtula rhynchotii.
New IIollBnd Shoveler, Lath. Gat. &)i. Si^pi. ii. p. 339, n. 87
(1801).
Antu rhjnchotiti, Lath. Ind. Om. Sujipl. p. Ixi, n. 5 (1801); Leu.
Tr. dfOm. p. 033 (1831); SchUg. Mut. P.-B., Aneeree, p. 35
(1866) ; Oieh. TTtet. Om. i. p. 361 (sTn. emend.) (1872) ; FirueJl,
Ibi>, 1880, p. 397.
BhynchBiirtris rhynchotis, Steph. Gen. ZooL jrii. 2, p. 123 (1824) ;
fyt. Mm. Anat. p. 133 (1838); P. Z. S. 1839, p. 114; JTp,
(hmpt. Smd. iliii. p. 660. o. 8fi (1856) ; BuOtr, Silt. B. Sfc
Zeal. 2Dd ed. ii. p. 271 (1888).
Spatula xhynchotiB, G. R. Gr. Lut B. Brit. Mm. iii. p. 1*) (syn.
emend.) (1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii. p. 018, n. 2 (»yn. emend.) (1846) ;
Gould, B. Atutr. viii. pi. 12 (pt. xi., 1846) ; BehrUt. Sj/n. Av.,
Nstatorea.t. 110. f. 980 (1846), t. cclxxiiii. (86) If. 2334-35 (18G0)
(ex Gould?) ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 9S; id. Handb. B. Atutr.
li. p. 368 (1866) ; Pth. Rtit. Novara, Viig. p. 189 (New HollMid I
(1865) ; Eat. Syn. AfuU. p. 88 (1869) ; ? Aforw, Act. Soe. X*iim.
Bord. xxvu. p. 328 (New Caledonia) (1870); G. R. Gr. SantNUt,
Hi. p. 80, n. 10677 (1871); Digffl. B. Auttr. ii.pl. 112 (1877);
P ^^aTie, Il.lt, isrr, p. :W,Z {!^ew Cnledonm); nammu, Pr. Linn.
Soc. a: S. tr. ii. p. 200, n. «f)9 0<*'8) : Leffgr, B. of (iyl. p. 108^<
; Scl,it. P. Z.S. 1880, p. 523; Sale. " ' " "" " '*
■PilDLA. 315
* (1831) : Sclat. P. 7.. S. 1680, p. 023;
i. p. 37 (TaBwwiia) {1802).
Cimpt. Sfvd. sliii. p. f(60. n. 86 (18561
(Wn. emend. ?)r-fV'>«^. Jf- O. 1870. p, 356; Futf*. Tr. N. Z.
Ijut. iii. (1870) p. 102 (1871); IlutUm, Cat. B. If. Zeal. p. 37
(1871) ; Button. IbU, 1872, p. 248 (Chdtbam Is.) : FimKh, J.f. O.
1873, p. 187, 1874. p. 203; BuUrr, Man. B. New Zeal. p. 70,
pL us. (1882) i Bull. Hist. B. Neie Z^aL 2aA ed. ii. p. 269,
pL sliv. (1888) ; Forbei. IbU, 1893, p. 543 (Chstham L).
Anas rhynchoti8. Ellmmi (nee ZathT), Zoologiit, 1861, jn, 7471 ;
SeUfg. Mia. P.-B., AnaeMS, p. 35 (part.) {lHOG) ; Oieb. net. Orn.
i.p.361 (part.) (1872).
Adult Tiudt, Crown of tho head, space enrroundiug (be base of
tliB bill, and chin brownish blauk ; a cresccntic white band between
the biD and the eyes, bounded posteriorly by speckles of black ; rest
of the head and neck bluish grey, with greenish reflections, especially
on the sidea of tJie nai>e ; back browniiih black, the feathers edged
with reddish ; rump and npper tail'Oorerts black, with a green
gloBS ; feathers of the lower neck and upper breast more or less
white, vith b]ackish-brown crescenlic bands, and edged with rufous;
lower breast and abdomen bright rufous chestnut, with black bands;
the flanks brighter, each feather crossed hy several broad cresccntic
bands of black ; under tail-coverta black, glossed with groon : a white
patch on the lower flanks on each side of the base of the tail : shorter
scapalaie brown, with white cresccntic bars and nifons edges ; the
longer scnpal.irs with a control (rreyish-white stripe, but the upper
once glo^y black, white the lower ones have tho out«r web fight blue
like the upper wing-coverts ; upper wing-coverts light blue, the an-
terior ones of the h^t row broadly tipped with white ; wing-speculum
glossy green, the tips of the secondaries brown witli a blue tinge ;
the ioncT secondaries or tertials long, black, with a bine gloss, some
with a whitish central stripe; mai^nal under wing-coverts pale
brown, edged with white, the remainder of the asillaries entirely
white ; tail black, the oater feathers narrowly edged with whitish on
The outer web : " iridos bright yellow ; hilt dark purplish black, the
under mandible clouded with yellow ; legs and feet yellow" (Gould).
Total length 22 inches, wing 9' 75, tail 4, culmen 2'55, tarsus I'3.
Femal*. A'ery similar to that of S. clypeata, from which it
differs in being darker, heavier brown-spotted on the nnderparts,
uid principally in the tail, which is dark brown, with rufcscent
edges and narrow bars, instead oF being pale fa,wu-coli>ur wilh
lirown marking: the speculum is of a darker green.
Yotmy. Similar to the female, but duller and darker.
Although I have kept separate the synonymy of S. laritgata
froiu New Zealand, I must say that 1 have not Invn able to
satisfy myaelf that it is different from S. rAi/ncAyfuf of tho Australian
continent. According to Mr. Gould the New Zealand male bird
ha« much more white on the sides of the lower neck and breast.
I hare seen Australian birds which have as much white on
the fiidea of the neck and breast as the New Zealand ones; and
knowing how much tlic extension of the white un the neck varies
in the male of S. dypeaia according to age, I am indiiied to
oonaider the Aastralian and New Zealand forms as spedfically
identicaL
H<A. AoBtralia, Taamaoia, and New Zealand.
a. rf imm. at
Australia.
Pmchaead.
6.e.cJad..k.
I e imm. tk.
Australia P
Gould UolL
Australia.
II. J. Elwea, En. [P.].
Sir D. Cooper [P.].
F. D. Qodman, Esq.
fP.).
Ail^ti^ Museum
e-cfod-ak.
/,?,A.<J$imm.ek.
Austnlia.
Australia.
1,*. (JSad.8t
N. S. Wales.
[P.].
I Sad. A.
N. S. Wales.
Hume CoU.
ffl. (J imm. at.
S. Australia.
Sir G. Grey [P.l
Hume Coll.
n. cJ ad. sk.
Tasmania.
0. JuT.ak.
Near Hobart Town, Tas-
Gould GolL
mania, Nor.
j>. (J imm. ak.
New Zealand.
P. Earl, Esq. [P.].
J. rfad.riL
New Zealand.
aptsto£c»[p.]-
fIVpeof 5
r,*. 9ad. etcf
Cook's Stwita,
NeVZea-
imm.Bk.
land.
3. Spatula platalea.
IVito esp&tula, ..4iara,^j>unt. iii, p. 42r,n. 431 (Buenos Ayree) (1806),
Anas pUlalao, F^I. JV. i). t. p. 157 (1816) ; id. £We. JUM. i. p. 857
(1823) ; Burnt. La Ttata-Beue, ii. p. 617 (Paraofi and Buenos
AtmsJ (1861) ; Schleg. Mm. P.-B., Aneeres, p. 85 (1866) ; GW.
Thti. Om. i. p. 360 (1872).
Spalulft iilntalen, lUiie, Jm, \8-X, p. 080 ; JinrH. hul Azar. Apunt.
" — ■ - -■ .p.z.s-'"' "■-"
37. BPATlTLi.
317
JVounurinw, 1853, p. S?2; I%tt. ^ Landb. Cat. Av. Chii. p. 43
(1868); Waughi(tatastf,AH.SiK. &. CAiV. iv. p. Unix (PeBa-
floreB) (1894).
Rbynchftspis macnlatB, Bartl. Verz. Get. Mu*.j,. 120 (1844).
Spatula rhynchoti^, piirt., O. R. Gr. Lilt B. Brit. Mu». iii. p. 140,
Bp«aiii.A<1844): id. Gen. 5. iii. p. 018, n. 3 (part.) (1845).
Dafils cssiiMopiilB, ItchtU,. Sm. Av., NatAtorw, t.li. (8»] t 180
(1846).
Dafik cwsioscdpukta, Bibra, Datktchr. Ak. Wien, r. p. 131 (Chili)
(1863) ; id. J.f. O. 1&G5, p. 57.
BhTncbaspis meiicana, Licht. {nm Gm.) Nomend. At. p. 102
(Monterideo, Chili) (1854).
RhynchMpb plstalea. By. C<>m}it. Send, sliii. n, 650, n. 83 (1866).
Sptitula maculAtiu, Oould, P. Z. S. 1606, p. »& (I'eni P, BoliviAf):
E^. SsfM. Anal. p. e9 (1860).
Spatula (RhynehaEpb) macuIflU, Peh. Beu. yovara, Vog. p. 130
(Chili) (1805).
Advit maU. General plQmagereddiBh,thickly spotted with black;
I he&d and neck light nifeHcent, minutely dotted vith black, chin
I- almoat inimaoulate ; crown black, with pale edc;cB to the fcuthora ;
' che«t and abdomen cheatoat ; shorter soapularB reddish, with black
epots like the back ; lower back, rump, and npper tail-covcrta black,
with a golden glosa ; under tul-coverte black; on the lower flanks.
ftl the base of the tail, a wbit« patch ; longer scapulars gloesy black.
with a central buff atripc along the middle, the Buperior ones edged
with nifona : wing-corerts light blue, the last row white ot the tip,
forming a band auteriorlj- to the wing-speculum, which is glossy
green, with a blue lustre towards the tip and on the inner second'
aries ; primarr-coverU and primaries greyish hron'n, the latter
darker and with a green lustre towards the tip ; marginal under
wing-covert grej-ish brown, with a bine tinge, the remainder and
the aiillam white ; tail greyish black, the outer feathers lighter,
all broadly edged with whitiah on tho outer wol>s; bill dark, dmoet
bt&ckish ; feet yellow ; irides white. Total length about '2Q inches,
wing II, tail 5 -3, culmen 2-5, tarsus 1'4,
FrmaU. Very similar t-o the female of S. elt/jieata, so like that it
ia very difficult to distinguish it, except by the bill, which is a little
Bhorlet and in dry skin of a dusky colour, while in S. dypeata il
become* yellowish.
Bah, Southern America, from the Falklands and Patagonia to
Pbth on the West, and Paraguay on the East: possibly also Boliria.
No locality.
Tarapaci, N. Chili, Feb.
Central Chili.
Itio Bueno, Chili, Jan,
Rio PiUnMquen, Chili, Feb.
H. Berkeley James,
H. Berlteley James,
E«j. fl>.j.
II. Berkdey James,
11. Berkeley James,
SalTio'-Godman Coll.
H. J. Elwee, Esq. [P.j.
Uruguay, Oct.
CoDcbitBS, Bueoos Ayres
( W. H. lludm>n).
Moreno, BueuoaAjreSfHaT.
Sandy Point, Str. of
Magellan.
Falkland Is. [LeemU).
Salvin-Godmau C
H.Diiniforf,EBq.[T.].
' ChaUeuger ' Expeo.
Salvin-Qodman ColL
4. Sp&tola capensis.
Bliynclia«pu capenFJs, Om'tA, Cat. 8. A/r. Mia. p. 3a, no. 322 (1837)
(descr. nulla); Eyt. Mon. Anat. p. 135 (1838); Smith, lU. S.
Afr. Zeot., Birds, pi, 98 (1844) ; Bp. Compt. Send, iliii. p. 660,
n. 84 (1860) \ Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 354 (1867) ; Boc. Jom. Ac.
Sc.Lie6. 1867, _p. 330; Gum. JW*, 1868, p. 50 (Transvaal and
Natal) ; E. L. Leyard, Ibii, 1869, p. 377 (eKes) ; Boc. Jom. Ac
Se. Liab. 1872, p. 70 ; Saltad. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 173 (nolfi).
Spatula uljpeata, part, 6. R. Gr. List B. Bnt. Mu*. iii. p. 138,
Bpecim.j (Cape) (18*4).
Spatula capensia, 0. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii, p. 618, n. 3 (1846) ; EckiA.
Sun. Av., NatatoKS, t. L. (88) S. 2Id-230 (1846) [ex Smith) ;
iDe» Murt, tn Lffdivre, Vou. Ahys*., OU. p. 172 (1845-18S0) ;
OmM, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 95 ; iy(, ^, Anat. p. 91 (1869) ; G. B.
Or. Sand-iitt, iii, p. 85, n. 10679 (1871) ; Anderu. B. Damara
Land, p. 341 (1872) ; Boc. J. f. O. 1876, p. 294 (Rio Coroca) :
Setat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 623 ; Boc. Om. Angoia, p. 504 (Rio Coroca)
(1881) ; Bull., Feild., ^ Seid, Zoolog. 1882, p. 428 (Natal) ; Sharpe,
LayarWa B. S. Afr. p, 750 (1884) ; Jrisfr, Cat. OM. B. p. 48
(1889).
Anas dypeala, part., Schleg. Mas. P.-B., Anseres, pp. 33, 34 (epecim.
from S. Africa) (1866) ; Gieb. Thtt. Om. i. p. 348 (part.) (1872).
Anas capensis, part., Gieb. Thes. Om. i. p. 340 (1872),
Spatula smithii, Hartcrt, Eat VogelnmmU. p. 331, note 447 (1881).
Adult male. Upper part of the bond dark brown, with the edge*
3S. luucoKBnicars. 319
FrmaU. Similar to the female of S. clypeata, but easily dlstin-
(TUuhtibie hy the blue tinge of the speculum ; bcaJdt'a it bus the tail
much darker brown, with irregular mfeecent \iaxs ; the bill in. Aiy
skin is dark brown.
Hah. South Africa, north to Angola on the West, and TransTaal
•-•n the East ; according to Lefebvre also Abysaima, but this locaUtj
requires further proof.
ShdfcyColl.
arA.Sniitb[P.]. (Type
of epeciee,)
i'urchused.
Shelley CoU.
Shelley Coll.
<•. ? ad. Bt.
<f. d" ad. dl.
e. <5 jnv. sk.
Cape of (iood Hope.
Port NhIbI {Ayray
Riu CorocB, Ad)^1b, Jan.
{Aitchiela).
38. MALACORHTNCHUS. .j,^^
SJaUerahyiKrliUB, Sw. Jourri. Et,;/.lnil. ii. uo. iv.
p. IH (1631) - M. meoibrBnaeeuB.
. Confined to AustruHa and Tasm.inia.
Range,
1. Kalacorhynchiis membranaceiu.
New Holland Uuck, Lath. Oen. Syn., Suppl. ii. n.
Anas membransceo, Lath. Ind. Oim. Sumt. p. Ixi
SQ(lml).
,. , . .*(ieoi)!
JV. D. V. p. 108 (1816) ; 2)um. Dut. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 388
(1817) i rieiU. £nc. Mith. i. p. a58 (\»-}&); Oieb. Thu. On,. L
p. 3S7 (1872).
Anas Cwciatft. Sham. Jfat. Mue. xrii. pi. 697 (lTfK)-]813) : Lm.
7y.<fO™. p, 632(l8ai).
Membnnaceoiu Uiick, Lath. Oert. Hut. x. p. 331 (1824).
RhTDChupia membmnacea, Stcpk. Orm. Zooi. xu. 2, p. 124 (1824).
Ualacorhynchus menibranaceuB, Sw. Journ. R. Jn»l. ii. do. it, p. 18
(with fiif. of head) (1831) ; G. R. Or. Lit Om. B. p. 74 (1S40) ;
jfl: op. cii. 2oA ed. p. 94 (1S41) ; JIartl. IVra. Got. Mu4. p. ISO
(1844) ; a. U. Or. lAd U. Brit. Mu*. iu. p. \m (1*44) : id. Gm.
B. iii. p. eie (1845) ; Gould, B. Auttr. \i. pi. 13 (pL xfiii., 184fi) ;
Meknb. S^. Ac, NaUtorea, t 88. £ U344l26 (1S15) ; O. JL Or.
On. B., App. p. 28 (184fl) ; Bfhnl,. fiy.i. Av., Notatorea, t 88.
ff, 2a»3-33 (« Gould) ( ]«S0) ; id. At. Sya. Hat. p. ii (1852) ;
liekt. N<tmmcl. Ao.f.lW (1854) ; Bp. Cempt. Bmd. xM. p. OoO,
n. 81 (i8M); ZuehoM, J./. 0. 1858, p. 41 (Lynch ffiver) ;
Otnild, Htmdt.B. Auj-tr.u.n.372n8lir>); iiamii.Jbit, 16G6,p.335
8 "on Deni«oo) : Miill. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 280 (Melboume) ; G. B.
r. Band-litt, iii. p. 85, n. 10861 (1871) (avn. eufod.) ; Smd.
MetJL nat. Av. dup. Tent. p. 148 (1872); ^m*. Pr. Linn. Son.
If. 8. W. \. pp. 1&5, 216. 2IU (1870) ; OuUtn. ^ Ramt. Aid. p. 386
£ilfofCan>«nt«riaJ(IB7fi); i%/. B. v<ia(r. il pi. 113 (1877)
m*. iV. Lmn. Soc. JVi S. W. ii. p. 200, o. (Wl (1878) ; SbW.
P. '£. S. lt«0, p. 634 ; Jiana. Pr. Liim. Sot. N. S. W. iii, p. i58
(1682); Salv. Cat. B. Strirki. Call. -a. 5.17 (1882); Ltgm. Pr. S.
Sec. Taem. 18*1. p. 244 (Tasmania) (1887); Satiu. fah. Li*t,
p. 22, n. fl7.1 (1888) ; North, Cat. A'«*t $ Egg$ Aiatr. ~
llflS»)j Trittr. Cat. CoH. B. p. 48 (1880);
~ ■ I. Coll. Smy. ill p. 304 (1801).
■
J
MaUcorhpchus fascifttus, Woffl. Itig, 1882, p. 1535.
Malftcorbynclius membrinaceus, £yt. Man. Anal. p. 136 (1838) (S7n>
emend.); id. S^. Anat.j. 92 (1869).
MalBcorhfiichua iodotis, Leas. Deicr. Mamm. et Ou. p. S46 (^)
(1847).
Anas iodotis, Leu. (cf. Schleg. Mta. P.-B.. Anseres, p. 36),
Anas malacorbyncba, Schleg. {ntc Gm.) Mta. P.-B., Anserea, p. 36
(1866).
MalftCorhvncbuR maUcarbTiicbus, HarUrt (rm Gm.), Kal. Vogel-
lammLp. 232, n. 3426 (l891).
Advli male. Crown greyiah brown ; sides of tbe bead and chin
greyiab wbite ; a patob on tbe aidea of the head, inclnding the eyes,
and a line from either eye uniting at tbe occiput and passing down
the back of the neck, blackish brown ; an oblong mark of rose-pink
immediately behind tbe dark patch surronndiug the eye ; neck,
breast, and underparts greyish white, crossed by nnmerona brown
bars, narrow on the neck, broader on the breast and flanks, nearly
obsolete on the centre of the abdomen ; under tail-coverts whitish
buff; back, soapnlars, and upper wing-corerta greyish brown,
minutely dusted with lighter points ; rump and upper tail-corerts
dark brown, the latter with a white band at the base ; secondaries
with a white band at tbe tip ; primaries dark brown, the shorter
puea tipped with white ; under wing-ooverts white, crossed with
narrow brown bars ; axillarien white ; tail brown, the feathers
slighUy lipped with white : " irides dark reddish brown ; bUl varies
from greenish grey to bluish olive ; tip of the lower mandible
white ; tarsi and toes emerald-green in some specimens, and yellow-
tirown in others ; webs dark brown " (Oould). Total length abont
17 inches, wing 7-15, tail 2-5, cuhnon 2-5 to 2-65, tarsus 1-25.
Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller ; according
to Eyton it wants the pink spot behind the eye, but 1 have found
1. KannfLTonetta angottirostrii.
AnM ftognstirostris, M^n^tr. Cat. Hau. tiiue. p. 58, n. 205 (LfQkorAn)
(1833); Lot. Conpl. lie liuf., Oil. -JtAt^i. p. 722 [ISS^iiE.J^B.
If'irMtk. Eur. p. Ixiiv (Auiiiiirk.) (1S40) i SMfff. Bev. Crit.
p. MJii (l&H); B"meyer. J. f. O. mj3, B, p. a6; ScAUff. M«i.
P.-B., Anaores, p. &') (IStiti); SatUA, IbU,ld^,ii.ioa (I'^ttuf&Ui
HJkarpe * Dreu. B. of Eur. vi. p. 47«, pi. 423 (pt. 13, 1873) ; OM.
Thes. Om. i. p. 844 (1873) ; Wriffit, iSu, 1874, p. 22tt (Mftltn) ;
Jrby, Om. Str. Oibr._n. 199 (1875) (Morocco) ; Gk™. Sam^ai of
I yalural. p. ±i« (Egypl) (1876); BUuif. Bad. Pert. ii. p. r"
"' ■• " • ■'■ w); &■«,
of FaUst.
p. Hi) (P^le^tine luid Ejfvpl) (1<^B4); TaO-'lbU, 1887, p. .t'U
(rortug*!); Kotnig, J.f. O. I*W, p. 286 (Tuiuh): Plake, Jlrv.
Turkest. Oriiu, p. 55 (TixrbinM) (1388); GuUtern. IbU, \>i'*i>,
p. 216; Lilf. ibid. p. a45 (Cyprus); TriHr. Cat. CoU. A p. 49
(1880) i Ecawi, liU, 18»1, p. 72 (incubntion) ; IfarHtrC, Kat. Vogtl-
aammL p. 230 (18(11); AiAa, Orn. JoArA. iii. p. 2t)0 (Boliewia)
(I89i) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1893. p. 77U (8p»io, Zool. Gwd.).
Aiiu (FuliKuIn) W'lrmoraUk, 7'eHi»i. a^«l O^Mld, B. <^ Eur. v. pi. 373
lpt.ii., 183— f).
Aou mtinnorata, CtniM, P.Z.S. 1636, p. 59 (X. A&ica); Ttnwt.
Mam. ifOrn. 2ai ed. iv. p. 544 (Sanlinia) (1840) ; H'enter, AtUu^,
PHlmipddes, pi. 403 (!»—?] ; E.^ B. WirbelUt. Ear. p. \xxxv
(Aunierk.) (1840); Qira, Orn. Sarda, p. 100 (Sardinia) (IU2};
Buery, J. f. O. 1657, p. 123 (Aluvna) ; Bulle, Had. p. 348
(CMurieB, breedinit) ; iVuyt, Ibit, I860, p. 3o3 (loaiMi I. ; TunU) ;
Tmtr. ibid. p. 372 \ id. P. Z. 8. 18li4, p. 453 (Palestiae) ; Bnu; B.
rif Eur. iv. p. 156, with pUls (1867) ; Triiti: I6i», 1868, p. 328
(EUeadne) ; Suund. Ibii, 18W, p. 171 (Spain), 1871, p. 3U6 (fi.
Spain); Uumr, IbU, 1872, p. 4»8 (Sciude); -Brooke, Ibii, 1873,
p. 343; Don/. ^ Hamus-Broum, Ibii, 1876, p. 430; Seeb. Ibii,
1883, p. 220 (Astrakwi) : ? Chajiin. Ibit, 18(i4, p. 90 (Sp«D I ;
B^ifer, Vtrh. x.-b. Gel. Wien, xl. p. 4 (HunwoviDB) (1800); id.
Om. Jahrb. i. pp. 108, 109, Tsf. i. (1890).
Ihililji nuumontn, Ei/l. Man. Anat. p, 114 (18.38) ; Bp. Cvmp. Li»t,
p. 56, n. 410 (1838) ; id. Sjfn. Anat. p. 66 (18U)).
Qautquedulft aiiguftirodtriB, Bp. Contp. Li*t, p. 67, D. 415 (lB-18) ;
Durasio. Uec. Lig. p. 70 (Sftrdinia) (1840); Bp. Iom. Faun.
Ittd. i. Uee. t»y. 47. tl, 2, Intnd. p. 17(1841); id. Atti Xmfi.
Se. IfaL FirtKe, 1A||, p, 317; id. Cat. Mel. Obe. Eur. p. 71,
n. 435 (1842) ; id. liit, 1843, pp. 403, 404 ; O. B. Gr. Geii. B.,
App. p. 28 (1848) ; Degl. Ora. Eur. p. 435, sp, 467 (1840) ; Bp.
lice. O-ri. pp. 104, 103 (1850) ; Ikhnb. St/n. As., Natatofas, t. 00.
B. 2341^3 (w Bp.), t. 91. r. 2(162 {ex Gould) (1850); Vidal,
Man. d. Madr. Ac. 1851, p. 196 (Spftin); Brthm, Voijdf. p. S7-J
(1«S6); BoOe, J.f. 0. 1866, p. 314 (Spain); Salcad. Cat Vce.
Sard. p. 106 (18G4) x id. J.f. O. 1866, p, 323; Cora, Onerv. Col.
Uec. Sard. p. 121 (1866); Dn^. ^ Grrbe, Om. Eur. li. p. 638
(1867); IhdeTl.Apff.Sieii.eMod.p.2liinmi}: Etn/ei ^ Bueid.
Ibii. 1870, p. 340 (AlUnU) ; Hume, Sir. fiaU,. l p. S62 (Stndh)
(1873); Anderi. Str. Fealh. iil p. 273 (Uoab, Oudh) (1876):
Sajti, Om. Ital. iii. p. .'i0(l8ru) ; Hume^Martk. Game B. of Jnd.
iii. p. 237, pi. 31 (18S0) ; lUid, Str. Fealh. i. p. Si (Luoknow)
{1881) i C. Stoin*. Ibii, 18S2, p. 124 ; Areealo, Al^ de EipaOtt,
Tot. xxTO. r
/./. O. 187(
p. 366 (1887); «ilM(f.nM,18B8,p.S33; Skarpi, Tr, Zin. 8oc
(a)&o/.v. p.92<1889j.
U armuoDetU uigastiTDStric, Selmb. A v. %rf. A'of . p. iz (1868) ; 2^.
a»np(. Anuf. iliii. p. 660, a. Ill (183«): XorJb-, Qi(. JfaMa. <4
Oi*. Alfftr. p. 142 (Algeria) (l&5e); &i/RnI. Awi. ifitel, (Tiw.
p. 263 (1872) ; Selat. P. Z. 8. 1860, p. 5^; Giffl. Iba, 1881,
S2U (IuIt) ; id. B. Ucc. Ital. p. 67, n. Z-2R (1881) ; &Jv. CU.
. Stricld. a>il. p. 5S4 (1882) ; Oigl. Anf. Ital. p. 30O (1686) ;
Salraii. B. Urr. Itat.f. 262 (1886) ; SL Join, Ibu, 188B, p. 179
( A^haniatui) ; Gigl. Primo Jtaoe. JtteA. Orn. Ital. i. p. 477 (188a) ;
Carruedo, Boll. Soe. Bom. ». pp. 1-14 (1693); Oigl. leom. Am.
Ital. fuc lii. ap. ft tev. 356 (1883) ; Koeniff, J.f. 0. 1693, p. 96.
Tprift, Unggr w. Eoticky, Die Ituel C^pent (1865) ; A. Mill
i. 1879, p. 392, n. 106 ; cf. Oit. 1888, p, S46.
MamonettB sngiuljroatiu, Mart. J.f. O. 1868, p. 67 ; Suttda. If elk.
not. An. ditp. Tent. p. 147 (1872) ; Bogdan. Bird* t^tht Onic (in
HusdAn), p. 173 (1679) ; id. Mamm. ^ B. of Midiile and Lower
Volffa (in KuMiftD), p. 149 (18— ?) : fci. Badde, Omu Qmeat.
p. 466).
CbAulefumui uiguetirostm, Seuol. Orn. N.O.-Afr. u. 1, p. 1339
(1873), ii. 3, p. cc (lS73): id. J.f. O. 1874, p. 64; Btam.-Str.
Feath. Tii. pp. 493, 623 (Lower Bengal) (1679), viii. p. 116,
D. 961 Hi (1B79) ; id. Halt ^ Bggt Itid. B. (Oatei'ed.], ui. p.3Ul
(1890).
Quetqnediila msrmorata, Drem. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 60n (m^ SeTille).
UhauTiodet augiutiiostris, Badde, Omit Caueet. p 466 (1664).
Harblfl Duck, JHcLeod, Str. FealA. z. p. 168 (Fiiou, IndoB Valler)
(1881).
Mubled Teal, Hume, Str. Feath.i.v. 174 (Ounraoo) (1881).
Uarmaronetta nutrmorato. Blot. Ver. f. NtUumri**. (BramteiiD.
Tofftil. 14. 3. 94) (Lech, near Munich) ; cf. Ibii, 1694, v. 453 ;
Scht. aid.
323
geDeraHy all the markings and tiots duller aad less conspicuous ;
the occipital c^^t shorter. Total length 16'!> to 17*5 inches.
Young. Similar to the female, but oil the markings and tints slUl
duller ; the lower parts almost uniform dull pale (p^yiah.
Hah. From the Canaries, Portugal, and Spain, through Northern
Africa, Palesttna, Persia, and Cnucaaua to India ; apparently also in
the SeycbeUee; it atr^glea into Southern Europe, and also into
/. (f iid.«lc.
f. Skofeton.
m', e'. StenWpWith
•bouliI«T-girdlfli.
le', r'. Uletna, with
•houlder-girdles,
^, I*. Tnchete.
Iburope.l
Santa Olayo, Seville, SpaJD,
Ma;.
Near SeriUe, Spain, Nov.
{ff. SauHtifn).
Mai„ga, Sfwin, S«pt. {B. 3.).
Morucco.
SejoLelles, April.
Mesopotamw (Cnmm. Joneg).
Mesopotamia (Comtn, Janet).
Bahrlnn (Camm. Jonti),
Bagdad.
Bala Mor);hnb (Aitchi»on).
Eaodahar, March.
Sindli.
Uamnl Mehur, Upper Siadh,
Jan. (A. O. a.).
Dosulle, Upper Sicdh, Jan.
(A. 0. it.).
Guvbee Dehra, Upper Sindh,
Jan. (A. 0. EX
Itore« District, Upper Sindh,
Jan. {A. 0. U.).
The Gag, Sehwan, Sindh,
Jan. {A. O. U.).
Karachi, Sept. (£. A. But-
Ur).
Sanilee, Match (vl. An'
Guriraon,' April ( »". N.
CAiU)-
Calcutta, Dec. (A. O. B.).
Speciiuea in couBneraeal.
Algeria.
PuTcbaaed.
II. Sauodeia, Esq.
[C.]. ^
SheUey Coll.
Shellev CoU.
Euphrales Eip. [C.].
In^a Museum [P. I
India Museum [P.],
Kenneth Loftus, E«q.
[!•■]■
Arghau DHltmilation
Comm.£P,J.
Lt.-Col. Swmhoe
Hume"Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.
Hume CoU.
Hume Coll,
Hume Coll.
Seebohm Colh
Hume Coil.
Ilnrae Coll.
Lord LUtord [P.],
40. BTICTOHITTA*. .^^^
SGetoMMa, Jtelmb. Av. S^it. Nat. f, ix Cieea) 6.omnm.
Satyi. Confined to Adstxslia.
1. Stictonttte niBTOM.
Anu ]UBT(w&, Oouid, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 177 (W. Aiutnlu) ; id. B.
AuUr. Til. pi. 10 (pt T., 1841) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 19S;
SMtff. Mut. P.-B., Anaerei, p. 63 (1666); MiUL P. Z. S. 186^
p. 280; Gieb. Thei. On. i. p. 368 (]872) (Chinal); Jtamt. Pr.
Zmn, Soe. If. S. W. i. pp. 196, 216, 219 (1876) ; Bdaae. Ont.
CmiralU. 1882, p. 19.
TndoniB DBTOM, G. R. Gr.Lut B. Brit. Mum. ui. p. 132 (1844) ; id.
Gen. B. iii. p. 613, d. S (1846) ; Schnb. Sgn. Av., N&talorea, t 98.
f. 431 {u Oould) (1846).
Stictonetu nSTOM, Bdmb. Av. 8y*t. Sat. p. ix (1862) ; Bp. Compt.
Bend, iliii. p. 649, n. 79 (1866) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 192 ;
Qotdd, Handh. B. Avatr. ii. p. 8U7 (1866) ; G. R.Gt. Smd-lat,
iii. p. 80, n. 10620 (1871 ) ; Jtarru. Pr. Liim. Soe. X. S. W. ii. p. 200,
D. 666 (1878), iii p. 164 (trachea) (1878); Selat. P.Z.8. 1880,
p. 613; Morton, Pr. R. Soc. Tarn. 1884, p. Ititi (TBunenia)
(cf. nU, 1884, p. 472) (1886); Z™e, iV. i
p. 244 (Twrnuiift) (1887); Bam*. Tab. Li*t, p. 2_, _ . .
ifurth, Cat Ne$U ^ Eggi Auatr. B. p. 340 (1680) ; TriWr. Cat.
CoU. B. p. 60 (1869) ; HarUrt, Kat. Vogtbanml. p. S28 (1891) ;
SaHing, Una, 1894, p. 297 (Gippeluid).
AdvU. The whole of the plumage is dark brown, blacker on the
aDterior part of the head, miniitely firecUed and spotted with
lireipilaT ofaloDg marks or bars of white, tinged with baffisb on
the npper parts; the under surface the same, but whiter, the
gronnd'Colonr being white, and the (k^ddce and bars brovn ; under
tail-coverts almost regularly barred with brown; wings without
speculum ; primaries plain brown ; seoondarieB spotted like the
41. HETEBOSErfi. 325
41. HETESOHETTA. __
Hatemnetta, Satead. AUi Soc. Ital. Sc. Hal. viii.p. 574
(1865) H. atricapilla.
Bamjt, ConGned to the Bouthern part of South Amarico.
1. Heteronetta atricapUla.
VUo Cftben nagra, Aiara, Ammt. iii. p. 447, □. 4^ (ISOJi).
CHtmrd K t^tt: noire, Atara, Vog. (Sonn. ed.) iv, p. 347 (1800) ; Wted,
Beitr. iv, p. 932 (1832),
Anu melanocPphaK VUiU. (nee Om.) N. D. v. p. 163 (1816} (ftr
Atara) ; id. Ene. MHh. i. p. 354 (1823) ; G. R. Or. Orn. B. iii.
SeiH, n. 18 ( 1844) ; HarU. Ind. Aiar. Apunt. p. 38, a. 43U (1847) ;
p. Con^. Rettd. llui. p. 649, n. 78 (1856) ; Catt. U.S. Ailmn,
Exp. ii. p. 302, pi. xx\. (1S50) : Burm. Sf/gt. Ueb. T%ier. Br/a.
in. p. 439 (note) tl866) ; Pelz. JUite Nocara, Vim. p. 138 (Chili)
(1866) ; Sclat. P. Z. 8. 1867, p. 335 (Chili) i PhU. ^ Landb. Cat.
Av. aa. p. 43 (1808)! Feb. Om. Brat. pp. 320 (not«), 459
(1870) i Oied. Tht». Om. i. p. 356 (1872) ; Bwm. P. Z. S. 1S72,
p. 370; iSclal. ^ Sale, yomend. Ae. Ntotrop. p. 129 (1873);
Zturnf. Ibu, 1878, p. 64 (Buenoa Ayrea).
Aoaa atric&pitU, Merrem, in Eraeh u. Grub. Ene. MCt. 1, vol. zxxv.
p. 26 (1841).
Anu nigricepa, Lieht. in Mas. BeroL; id. Natneiicl. Ae. p. 101
(Montevideo) (185J).
Hetetonetta melanocepbaU, Satrad. Atti Sot. Hal. Se. Nat. viii,
p. 674 (1865) ; id. J.f. O. 1870, p. 67; G. R. Gr. Band-iist, iii.
p. 83, n. 106.55 (1871); Sdat. ^ Sak. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 383; &ii/.
P. Z. S. 1880, p. rm ; id. Arytnt. Om. ii. p. 130 (1889) ; Hoitand,
Ibii, 1891, p. 19 (ArgentiDa), 1893, p. 200; Berktl Jataet, ^nc
Litt Cha. S. p. 9, n. 149 (1892).
Fuligula meluiocephBla, SeAltff. Xui. P.-B., Aaseres, p. 32 I1S66).
Nyroca meUuiocephnU, Eift. Sj/n. Anat. _p. 1 18 (Chili) (1869).
FuliguU nifTOceiia, " VieiU." Eyt. I. e. m the n/noni/my.
Adult. Head and upper port of the neck black ; chin white ;
back or upper parta bluckiah brown, minntely verraioulated with
pale rufous; Iwlow dirty whitish, hot the base of the feutheta
duaky brown; aidce. Aaiiks, and under t^l-coverts rufoun brown,
freckled with blackish ; uo wing-apecnlum, the tips of the greater
coverts white, a white band at the tip of the secondaries ; alao the
shorter primaries edged with white at the tip ; primaries and tail-
fMthetB blackish ; under wing-coverts, except the greater which
are grey, and axUlaries whit« : " hill blockish, with a basal spot on
each aide Beeh-colour ; feet homy brown " (Sclater). Total length
about 14-5 inches, wing 7, tiul 2-3, oulmen 1*75, tarsos 1-12.
Female. " Similar, but the bead like the hack, obeeka brown,
freckled with black, and throat and auperoiliory stripe whitish "
(^Srlater) : " upper mandible dark bom, side base with a tii^e of
nJlowish red ; lege and feet pale slat«, webs darker ; iridea wood-
brawn " (Damford).
li. Bio Grande do Sul {Wud); Urugaay, Ai^entina, and
«. $ ad. e
AlTear, Buenoa Ayi^, Sept.
h, e. ij ^ ad. ak,' Kfentlout, Argentine Republic
(E. C. Seed).
d, c. <f $ ad.Bk. Mendout, Feb. (H^ouwknfrf).
/. $ ed. ak. MeDdoio, Feb.
y. (J ad. Bt Cbili.
A. $ ad. Bt. Ohili.
t, it. (f $ ad. ak. Sontiafro, Cbili (Le^old).
^ m. (f S ad. sk. Bio Filmaiqaen, Cbili, Feb.
H. Suinibrd, Esq.
[P.],
Ptuchaaed.
SalviD-Godman Coll.
H.J.Elwe«
E. Wilson,!
PuTcbaMtd.
SalTio-Qodnian CoU.
H. Berkelej Jamea,
E-q.[P.].
^^K
Sobfamily VIII. FULIGULIN.^.
Key to At Gennv,
I. Primaries not nniform dark brown, ae
blackiali, but paitlT wbitiab, iritb tbe tip
brown ; the nrat tnree or four primariea
brown also on the outer web ; bUl rather
long, broad, and flat.
a'. Indentatjona of the upper mandible
prominent; head of the mrde tuRy
crested 42. NnTA,p.S27.
('. Indentatjong of tbe upper mandible not
prominent.
b". Bill gibbous at Uie base; outline of
loral featbering straight, and inclined
backwarda j.^. Mktopiana, t
42. HETTi. 327
edges of the upper mandible
not bent inwardly; males with
a glossy head, females with a
brown head 47. Clanoula, p. 376.
«'. Central tail-feathers of the
male very long and pointed ;
edges of the upper mandible
partly bent inwardly 48. Harelda, p. 388.
e*. Head smooth, not distinctly
crested ; bill conical, almost
tapering to a point 49. Cosmonktta, p. 394,
c'". General plumage of males deep
black, of the females greyish
brown, but not barred 50. (Edemia, p. 399.
e". Some patches of stiff feathers on the
head of the males.
/'". Upper mandible fringed with a
sott skin towards the tip ; lower
mandible with apical portion flat [p. 410.
and spatulated 51. Camptoljemus,
g'". Upper mandible not fringed with
a soft skin towards the tip ; bill
rather narrow and pointed ; ttTtials
more or less falcHte, Hspecially in
the males; females bajred with
rufous and black.
ff*. Edges of ui)per mandible bent
inwardly ; lower mandible with
the apical portion flat and almost
spatulated; male and female with [p. 418.
a metallic speculum 6'2. Heniconetta,
h\ Edges of upper mandible not bent
inwardly.
^*. Feathering of forehead contin-
uous with that of lores, and ad-
vancing quite to the nostrils ;
a pad of feathers encircling the
eyes 53. Abctonetta, p. 422.
P. Feathering of forehead sepa-
rated from that of lores by the
interposition on each side of a
more or less extensive naked
angle ; no pad of feathers
encircling the eyes 54. Somatehia, p. 423.
42. NETTA. ^ypc.
Branta, Boiey IsiSf 1822, p. 564 (nee Scop, 1769, neque
Oken, 1815) N. rufina.
NettA, Kaup, Natiirl. Synt. p. 102 (1829) N. rutina.
Callichen, ^rtf^m, /«m, 18.J0, p. 999 ; id. Handb. Naturg,
Vdg,DtutKhL^.^>\{\^\) N. rufina,
Mergoides, Eyt. Cat, Brit, B, p. 57 (1836) N. rutina.
Range, From the Basin of the Mediterranean to Turkestan and
Northern India.
1. HfltUmflna.
Anna fiatiitarii> cristntft. Britt. Or*, vi. p. 396 (1760).
Anas nitiiia, PaU. Beiu, ii. App. p. 713, u. 2S (1773); id. BpkO.
germaa. ri. tab. 6 (rf & J); Om. S. N. i. 2, p. 611, n. 118
(1788) 1 Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 670, u. 94 (1790) ; Bmm. Ene.
Mith. i. p. 128 (1790); Pail. Zooffr. So»t9-Ai. ii. p. 26S, Ub.
luil.(1811)i rnmn. Man. <rOrn. p. G60 (1816) { ViaU.N.D.y.
p. 164 (1816); Dum. Diet Sc. Nat. ri. p. 367 (1817); Ttmm.
Man. 2ai ed. ii. p. 864 (1820) ; ImU. Ven. DntU. p. 86 (182S) ;
Smtz. El. di Zocl. iii. pt. 9, p. lae (1826) ; YamU, Tr. Lim. Soe.
IT. 2, pp. 387, 391, tab. XT. f. e (trachea) (1827) ; !>«. TV. dTOm.
p.632(1831);3fAiAr.CW.£au.C!in<c.p.67(BBkou)(1832); Temm.
Man. d'Orn. 2nd ed. iv. p. ^U (1840) ; Schbff. JUv. OHL p. cxxi
(1844) ; Xaum. Vag. DaiUM. lii. p. 7, Taf. 307 (1844) ; Brtkm,
J.f. 0. 1854, p. 84 (Egypt); PUut. ibid. p. 380; MiiU. J./. 0.
18^6, p. 2.12 (Provence) ; Cotta, Fauna Sfg«o di Ni^., ^ee. pt. ii.
p.S3, t.xiv.(]8'37); MimchauKn, Naumatmia.imi, m. 299-330;
Botfe, /./ 0. 1868, p. 227 (CanariesP) ; Tru/r./fc^ 1869, p.l61 ;
B/at. in Jfaum. Vog. DeuUM. ziii. 2, p. 304 {I860); Prren,
J.f. O. 18U3, p. 28a (Mecklenburg) ; GiA. Thet. Ont. I p. 361
(1872).
Adbb cinerea, S. O. OmeL RMtt Statl. il p. 164, tab. 16 (9)
(1774).
Fiscliione col ciuffo, Gerini, SU>r. dtgU Ucc. v. toT. 687 (1776).
Ana« ruticepB, I'all. Vel.. Acad. Handi. il. p. 28 (1779).
Csnfird sifflBur hupp4, D'Aubmt. PI. Ent. 926.
Siffleur liuppi. Buff. Hitt. Kat. Oil. is. p. 183(1783).
Red-cre8t«dDuck, LatA. Syn. ii. 2, p. 644, n. 82 (1785).
Anas BJuraksD, De Brujn, II. Moieae. p. 336, tab. d. 182. f. D.
Canard de Steller (errorBl, Bomi. Enc. Mith. i. pi. 36. f. 3 ( rf & $ )
(1790).
Briintft nifinH, Bott. Ill's, 1859, p. 614; Bp. Icon. Faun. Hal.
hiU-od. p. IT (IKII); Bp. Cat. MH. U-x. Eur. p. 73 (184^1
'■ f. Of. Li»t B. Brit. Mta. iji. p. 142 (1844); id. Oct. B. r
Fuligula rufinn, Strph. Gen. Zooi. lu. 2. p. 188. pi, M ( rf 1 (1834) :
Id, Om. Tmc. iu. p. 137 (ISaih Sgke», P. Z. 8. 18S2, p,
(X>u]diuo)i GvhM. S.Cur. T.pl.368(183;)i Jerri. Madr. Jo
109
xiL p. 221, n. 389 I tSiO) ; E.^ £. Wirbeltk. Eur. pp. lix
S31 (I&IO) ; Erotr, P. Z. S. 184^. p. 03 ; Blytk, ibid. p. 94 OnMa.) ;
BerU. V«rt. Oa. Mm. p. 130 (1844) : Lajiard, Ajm. j- May.
N. A xif . p. 309 [Ce;loD P| (1B54) ; Cotta, Faun. IUf». Nap.,
Ucc. pt i. p. 78 (1857); Adam*, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 510 (PunUb) ;
Tritlr. Ibu, 1860. pp. 163, 372 (E. AlgBria) ; fij»yi, Ibii, 1800,
b 354 (lonUn I.) ; Simpma, Ibis, ISiiO. p. 304 : SdiUg. Mia.
P.-B.. Aii»eres. p. 35 (180(1) ; Saund. Ibi». I8tS9. p. 3U7 (Sicilv,
breeding). 1870, p. 397 (3. Spwn) : O. R Gr. Sand-lint, iii.
p. 85, n. 10683 (1871); TayL IbU, 1S73, p. 233 (Crimen); Dreu.
J.o/f:ur. Ti.p. 669.pl.43a (pt. xrii., 1873): Hfugl. Ont. JV.O.-
Afr. a. -2, p. 1335 (1873); Seeirfx. Turkeati Jeofiln. p. 70 (1873) ;
Aew. Ibit. 1876, p. 431 ; BlaHf.Eail. ftr». p. 301 (187(i) ; Fnrbei,
P. Z. a. 1877, p. 312 (bum F&brLdi) ; Hume, Str. Ftat\. viii.
p. HI, n. 967 (1379) ; Ij^ge. B. of (>yL p. 1087 (note) (I880I i
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 524 ; Payne-Gi^aey, Zoolog. 1881, p, 143
(Irdwid) ; More, P. Z. S. 188L p. 409 (Ireland) ; Eidgw. Btdl.
U.S. Sat. Miu. DO. 31, p. 85 (Lomr Island) (18S1); id. Pr. U.S.
yat. Mum. x. p. 23 (ling laliiad) (18S1) ; Allen, Bull. Nutt.
CAtA, v1.p. 173 (1881); C fitrinA. Am, 1883, p. 125 (Kvidahor);
Cutm, cW-Jwt. 2Qd «d. p. 130. n. 886 (1663); R-kme. Om.
CmtraOd. I88S, p. 5 ; id. Hy. tool. Gart. p. 46 (1883); Salv.
Cat. B. Slrickl. 0.0. p. 637 (1883) ; B. O. U. Lid Brit. B. p. 133
(1883) ; SiM. JM Vert. An. 8ih ed. p. 440 (1883) ; B.. B., * R.
WaUr-B. N. Am. ii. p. 15 (1884) ; Coats, Key N. Am. B. 3nd
fA. p. 7O0 (1884); Saand. Farrelti Hist. Brit. S. iv. p. 407
(1SS4-S6) i Sceb. Hint. Brit. B. iii. p. m, pi. 64 (era) (1885) ;
MaqiAeri. Zoolog. 1886, p. 489 (yotiag in dovm) ; LUford. Oil.
... ,...„. , (1889): Tr" - "-"■■"
J^. Brit. B. pt, I.
(1889): fria/r. Oat. Coll. B. p. 48 (1889);
(1801); Oust. NouB. Arch, Ju Mus. (3) vi. p. 10^ (TurkestAo)
(1894) ; Oarke, Uit, 1894. p. 549 (Cunorgup).
PUtypus rufiniui, Brrhm, Lehrb. Nalurg. eur. Vog. ii. p. 826 (1824) ;
PUmkr, J.f. 0. 1856, p. 67 (Anhalt).
Adu (Fuligiilfl) ruflnik, Zeu. Man. iPOm. ii. p. 415 (1828).
Keltn mtliia, Kaup, NalHrl. 8i/U. p. 103 (1829); Ridgw. Pr. U.S.
Nat. Mm. viii. p. 866 (1885) ; A. 0. U. CAtk-list N. Am. B.
p. 1 IS, II. [145] (1886) ; RidgK. Man. H. Am. B. p. 100 (1887).
CkUichen ntttcepB, Brekm, Isis. 1830, p. 999, d. 1 (descr. nulla) ; id.
V6j. Deulsc/d. p. 923 (1831).
CsUichoD rulinuB, Brehm. Isis, XBaO, p. 909, n. 2 ; id. VSif. HeutscAl.
p. 924 (1831); Bp. Omp. Lilt, p. 58 (18.T8); id. Jam. Faun.
Jtal i. tav. 47. f. 3 (fuse, xxx., Wl) : Bp. Compt. Smd. xliii.
p. 661, n, 144 (1856); Homfy.J.f. O. 1862, p. 434 (Baleftriclal.);
^nsrtz. J. f. 0. 1873. p. 344, 1876. p. 18-5 ; Radde, Omis Cautas.
p. 163 (18^): Salead.Bl. Cfo. Aol. p. 263 (1^80).
Odliehen •ubruttnui, Brekm, Iti*. 1830, p. 999, a, 3 (deacr. nuIU);
id. Fdg. IkuUcU. p. 924 (1631).
Callieben niicropu^ Brehm, Ini, 1830, p. 090, n. 4 (deaer. nulla) ;
id. Vog. Dad^M. p. 926 (1931).
iFiihp>i^tp..Ss/ke»,P.Z.8. 1833.p. 16g(Dukhu&) ($P),
MeranJdM nifloa, Egt. Gil. Brit. S. p. 57 (1836) ; iii. Hilt. Sartr
Brit. B. p. 77 (1836) ; id. Si/h. Anal. p. 17 (1869).
Callicheti nifiimm, £jrf. Man. Anal. p. 153 {183B).
AythjK rnBn*, MaegiU. Man. Brit. B. p. 1»1 (1842).
TadoraA P pnoe, Hodgi. Oray't Zool. Mite. p. 66, n. ""
CaUieheo rufewena, Brekm, Vope{f. p. S79 (1855).
CUlichen nifina, Bp. Compt. Bend, zliii. p. 6fil, n. 144 (1866) ;
Zodie, Cat. M. et O. Algtr. p. 144 (1868) ; Trittr. Ibit, 1800, p. 61
(N. Atno.) ; Simdeji. Meth. nat. Av. diK>. Tenl. p. 148 (1872).
FiUiguIa rufidiste, C. F. Daboit, PL CoL Oit. S^h. iii. p. 377
(1860).
CaJlicheD rub {errore P), Siienig, J.f. 0. 1888, p. 386 (Tqhu).
ffybridt.
Fuligola nifina X Metopiua pepoMca, Sebt P. Z. 8. I68Q,p. S24.
Branta rufiiu d X Ansa boecaag , MartonUi, P. Z. 8. 1601, p. 489.
Adult ffidU. Head, tiiroat, and sides of the npper neA reddish
chestnut; the feathers on the top of the bead ranch elongated,
fonnlog a conspicDons crest of a reddish-bnff colour ; back of the
neck above and lower neck brown-black, cbangiug on the breast,
bell J, and under tail-coverts into glossy brown ; back gieyish brown,
darker on the lower part, and changing into brown-tdack on the
rump and npper tail-coverte ; scapulars pale brown ; wing-coverts
and tertialB greyish, leoondariee white, forming the wing-epecnlnm,
bordered near the tip by a grey-brown band; primariM wbitjah,
but the tips and the outer webs of the first five greyish brown ;
under wing-coverts and asillaries white, the latter greyish at the
tip ; edge of the wing near the carpal joint white ; a white patch
almost hidden at the base of the scapolars ; sides and fianki white,
with an evanesoent pinkish tjnge, more or lees undulated with brown
lines anteriorly and posteriorly, the npper feathers brown-olive,
and also the longer ones at the tip ; at the base of the tail on the
42. RBITA.
331
bills and eyelids, by the greater development of their crest, by th9
dtirker brown of the belly and under tail-ooverls, and by the redder
colour of the feet.
Young in down are described by Baldamus (J. f. 0. 1870, p, 280)
aM having the upper parts dull olive-grey, vith a buff spot od each
shoulder, and the underparts baff; a buS stripe passes over each
eye, and through the eye runs a dark stripe, which divides into two
behind the eye.
//ab. Palxarctic Region, from the basin of the Medit«rTaDean to
the Black and Cnspiaii Seas, and From there to Turkestan in summer,
and India in winter; accideutal visitor in the North of Europe;
only once in N.E. America.
Great Britain.
Milf.ir.1 HrtTen.
Dulwich (bom in captivity).
Damiettft, Egjpt, Dec. (FiUp-
ConBtaQtinople (7*. Sobton).
I^nkoniD.
Bala Morghah, Jan. (AitcM-
Eandahar, March.
India (BtagraM).
B, Jhcluni, Sindh, Nov. (A.
: O. H.).
Muncba, Sindh,. Ian. (A.O.H.).
Sambhur, Dec., Jaa., Feb. (£.
M. Adam),
Sirza.
Gurgaon, Feb. {A. O.B.).
Delhi, Punjaub, Jan.
Etawah, Jan.
Kberee District, Feb. {A, An-
Fullcbgurh, Dec {A. Ander-
Oudh, Dec., Jan,, Feb.
Oudh.
Nepal
Earl of Cawdor JT.].
K. Hoffmann, Esq.
[P.].
Shelley CoU.
H. J. Elwea, Esa.
[P.l. ^
Seebohm ColL
A&lian Delimitation
Conim. [PA
Lt.-Colone! Swinboe
[!■•]■
India Museum [P.].
Bwtleti CoU.
Col. Cobb rp.].
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
H. J. Elwes, Esq.
[P.l. ^
Seebohm CoU.
Hume ColL
CapL Stftdihouse
T»in*-ill [P.].
B. H. Hodgmu, Emi.
[P.].
India Museum [P.].
B. H. Hodgson, Eeq.
S83
r. <f ad.tk.
UUTIDX,
8HubnlponIM«tr.,OaiitnlPTo> HnnwOoIL'
e". <f imm. Hk. Diiupote, Dec
d". <f ad. Bk. HaipuT, Jan.
•"./". 9"- <S "J. Calcntto, Dec. {A. 0. ff.).
', *". cJ ad. Bk. LoVnor, Feb., Match {Piy^
". (f inun- Bt. China.
m". Skeleton
(imperfect).
n . Skeleton
1,imperfect).
Nepal.
Volga.
EngUnd.
HdhmCoIL
HumeCoU.
Hume Coll.
H. J. Ehre^ Eh.
[P.l ^
Seebdliiii Con.
J. B. Rmvm, Eaq.
B.H.HodgM>ti,E«).
BiandtCdL
d'
M. papowca.
43. XETOFUHA.
Bp. Gmpt. Send. zliu. p. 648, gen. 26
Metopia^^n>i^*A'i>m. irw.'^^''Oi^p.'347^
Bange. Confined to Soath America.
1. Metopiana pepowea.
Pato negrizco ^a bianco, Azara, Apunt. iii. p. 423, n. 430 (Fam-
' fnuY and Baeuoa Avrea) (1806).
Anaa peposaca, rieill N. D. t. p. 132 (IBlSt ;,»{. Sta JVALi.
p. mi (IW:^.-)) ; Biirtl. Verz. Ges. JUjam. p. 119 (lSi4): id. Ind.
Azar. Apunt. p. ^7, n. 430 (1847) ; .flurm- J./ " """ " ""
■^ brownu
43. MEiopiiSA. 333
id. J. f. 0. jess, p. 67 i JWt JJw». ^otw™, T'os. p. 13» (Chili)
(ISOS).
Metouiwia pepoaftci, Bp. Compt. JUnd. xliii. p. 649, n. 78 (18-50) ;
Scht. ^ Saie. P. Z. S. latta, p. IM (Ooachitas) i Sclat. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 086, pL xxxvii. (ZuoL Oard,); G. it Or. fio«rfJi«(,iiL
6 87, n. lOtieS (1871)1 flunn. P. /. 5. 187l>, p. 386 (Patagonis,
UMKM Ajrea, Foraui) ; Oarrod, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 467 (carotids),
p. 630 (muscles) ; SoieU. if Satn. Hvrntncl. Ac. yeotnp. p. 130
(1873) i Salvin, Ibu, 1874. p. SltP ; Oarrod, P. Z. 8. 1875, pp. 1S4-
156, t. 6 (trachea) ; Setat. ^ Sah. P. Z. S. 1878, ^ 398 ; Dun^f.
IbU. 1876, p. 183, \»17, p. 19:! (Buenoa Ajree), 1878, p. U5
(nrat) : Sriat. P. Z S. 1880, p. 6i4 ; White, P. Z S. 1882, p. 625
(.^jgvatiaii) ; ScitU.Liiit Fml. An. Slii ed. p. 430 (ISSS) , Barrowt,
AtJc, 1884, p. 374; Serl. J./. 0. 18o7, p. 124 ; Trittr. UaL 04L,
B. p. 48 11889) ; Sdat. ArgmL Om. ii.p. 137 (186») ; Kerr, IbU,
18W. p. 358 ; ffoUaud, ibil. p. 427 ; UarUrt. Sat. Foydiamrat.
p. 231 (1891); HoUan'l. Ibi*, 1802, pp. 206, 208, 310; Btrk.
Jamet, 3>w LUt C'hil. B. p. 10, a. 1«1 (1802); Apiin, tbit, 1804,
p.201{Urag»«y).
FulifuU p<^pomca, Sphley. Mat. P.-B., AuMres, p. 31 (186C) ; Selat.
P. Z S. 1867, pp. 335. 310.
Helopia« pepu&ica, Urine -i BtAmc, Noin. Ma*. Hem. Om, p. 347
fft/hrid.
FiUipila rufinaxMetopiniiS peposaca, &.-kU. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 524 ;
LeBtrk. J./. 0. 1890, p. 2:i5.
Adult male. Above black, rery finely striated with grey on the
back and vcapuUrs ; sides of head and upper part of neii with a
purple glosB ; breutit, like the neck, Llack ; abdomea and Sanks
minutely ¥enniculated with pale grey and grB3"'sh brown ; under
tail-ourem white; wing« black with a green gloas, edge of the
wing uod specolnm on the secondanM white, the Utter mth a
^OMy binck band at the tip ; primarie« white with the tips block,
the four outer ones brown-blaek on the outer web, and grey on the
outer part of the inner web ; anjer wing-coverts white, except the
marginal on ea which are blackish; uTillaries white, vermiculated
with grey near the tip ; tail browa-hlack. the outer feathers
greyish ; bill roay red, with the tip and nail black ; feet yellow ;
iridei golden red. Total length about 12 inches, wing lU, tail 3,
culmon 2' 5, tarsus I '6.
Female. Head, neck, sides of the breast, and flanks nifons-brown ;
crown of the head and occiput darker brown ; bank, Bcupulnrs, and
wing-oorerta dark brown, with an olive gloss ; upper t:iil-cuvert8
brown ; chin and throat, and also a few feathers ou the side!) of
the head at the base of the npjier mandible, white ; lower parts
whitish, the base of the feathers brown ; under tail-ooverts white ;
edge of the shoulder grey ; speculum on the secondaries grey, with a
brown hand at the tip : primnries brownish grey, with black tips,
the first three or four blackish brown on the outer webs ; under
tfing-eoverts, like the axilluries, white, but the moi^inal ones
brownish ; tail brown : ■• bill bluish brown " {Kew Gard.).
884 ' 1X1.TIBX.
Aaotlm Bpecimen in the Turin Uaaenm hu tlw rafiraB-browD
colour of the head, neck, and sides of body paler, and the whitiah
of the underpartB tinged with oohreoua.
HtA. Southern firajdl, Pamgua;, Umguay, Argentina, andChilL
AdmirvlBowkelP.].
PuichaaBd.
Cumiiig Coll.
a. cf ad. ik.
(. ,S K^' "t- Chili.
(!-«. ij $ ad.atet Cbili (7*. fru^).
$ Bd^Hk.
Z', p. rf ad. et cJ ChilL
jUT. bL
A. cf ad. sk. Cbili.
i,k. dS ad.tk. Central ChilL
/, m. ij $ ad. ak. Santiago, Chili {LafbolJ).
n. 2 ad. ak, Santiago, Chili, Aug.
o. (J juT. ak. Rio mnaiquen. Chili, Feb.
p. (J ad. »k, UmguAT.
;, r. cj 2 ^- '^ Moute Video (Jokwtim).
T. Bridge., Ea,.[C.].
H. J. EIvM, Esq.
H. Berkeley Jamea,
SalTiD-Oodman CoD.
H. J. Elwes, Eaq,
[P.]. ^ ^
H. Berkeley JamM,
Al^Peel,'^. [P.l.
Salvin-Qodman CuU.
44.im«)CA. ^
Nywca, Flem. iHi'i. o/ 2«>/. ii. p. 260 (1823) N. afiicana.
Aythia, Iloie, Itit. 182-2, p. 664 (oonien nudum) .... N. ferina.
Althya, Kaup, NaUirl. Syd. p. 99 (1829) N. ferina.
Fuligula, Sw. (Mc 5t«pA.) Oaa. B. ii. p. 368 (1838). . N. ferina.
Aethria, Agai>. Nomencl. Zool. Ind. U»w. p. 42 (1846).
Marifs, Jlchnb. Av. Sptt. Nat. p. Tiii (1852) N. ferina.
Aithyia, Bp. Com/it. ke«d. xliii. p. 6S1, gen. 60 (1856).
ArifltonetU, ^airrf, B. N. Am. p. 793 (1868) N. Tallianeria.
44. KTKoci. 335
6. Goieral plumage brown ; bend, except in X.
bam, wholly or partly tinirud with chestnitl,
espt^ially in »dult males (Nyroi-a).
c'. Lower breast and upper part of the abdomen
c". Head aod upper part of Duck black, gloesod
with green ; a chuatnut patch on the
ftnt«rior part of the cheeka near the base
of the bill in tlie female iki«n', p> 344.
if '. Head chestnut, more or le» bright.
(T. A white Bpot on the chin afrieana, p. 345.
t'. No wbil« spot on the chin.
e'. Breast of a brighter and deeper chest-
nut; amaller, wing T'd inches mnolata, p. 350.
^, Breast of a duller chestnut ; Larger,
wing 8-75 inches atutralit, p. 360:
i. Abdomen duskj ; upper part of the bead
black ; sides nf the head and of the upper
portion of the neck deep chestnut-brovm ; I bnmnea, p. Slil.
sides reddish brown , \ natiimi, p. 3SA.
{ eiythivjmthalma,
tp.353.
1. Njroca ferina.
Penelope, BrUt. On,, vi. p. 3ftt, pi. ixxv. f. 1 ( rf ) (1760).
Penelope nigra. Brut. op. cit. p. 389 (1760).
Anaa ferina, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 203, n. 81 (1766) i Gw. 9. N. i. 2,
p. 530, a. 31 (1788) ; Latk. lal. Om. ii. p. 862, n. 77 (1700) ;
Bom. Ene. Mith. i. p. 137. n. 3:1, pi. 36. f. 2 (with rar. a, p. 137)
(1790); lalh. Tr. Ltnn. Sue. i». p. 116, tab. ii». ff. 5, 6 (trachea)
(1708); Palt. Zoogr. R-ttm-A*. li. p. 260 (1811); Ttmm. Afan.
dOm. p. fi64 (18151 ; f'itiU. N. D. v. p. 12-5 (1816) ; Omm. Diet.
Se. Nat. Ti. p. 373 (1817) ; Temm. Man. 2nd ed. ii. p. 868 (l!J20) ;
Lida. Tot. i>o«AI. p. 85 (Siberia and Cyprua)(i828); Bp.Sjxxoh.
Vamp. p. 73, n. 232 (1827] ; ititUtr. Git. Rai*. Caue. p. 68 (Bakou)
(1833) ; SeMeg. Bev. Crit. p. cix (1844) ; Naum. Vog. Dmttchl.
xiii. p. 21, Taf. 308 (1844) ; BrAm, J.f. O. 1864. p. 84 (Egypt) ;
JcfoU, ilnd. p. 363 (Bararla, breeding) ; PdnUr, ibid, p' 380
(Taurie); id. J.f. 0.1850, p. 68; MikU. ibid. -a. iM (ProTence);
■ iuwy, J./. 0.1857, p. 133 (Algeria); Haul.J.f.0. 1863, p. 307
(N.K A^.); Homof.J.f. 0.1870, p. 433 (Bukal); Ottb. Thei.
On. i. p. 350 (syn. emend.) (1S72) ; RneL Om, Misc. iti. p. 230
(1878).
Anas ferinad. Gm. ^ JV. I. 2, p. 630 (1788); Lath. Ind. Om. ii.
p. 863 (1790).
Anas TuScollis, SiMp. Atm. I. Hiit. Nat. p. 66, n. 81 (1769) ; Bonn.
Enc. MUh. i. p. 133 (1700).
Anas ervtbrocephala, 8. V. Omrl. Reise JtuMl. i. p. 71 (1770) ; id.
Aw. 'Comm. Petrop. it. p. 465, n. 14, tab. 20 (1771).
Anas penelope, Gcrini, Star. Uce. v. lav. 583 {J), 684 ($)
MiUoain,' I/Aidienl. II. Enl. SOS; Btif. Hut. Nat. Oil. U. p. 21S
(1783).
Pochard, Pmn. Brit. Zool. ii. p. 600, n. 381 (1776) ; XoM. Am. iiL
2, p. 623. n. 08 (1785).
Bufoua-necked Duck, LaCA. &/«. iiL 2, p. 477, a. 32 (1786).
Ann Tufft, Gm. SuU. Nat. i 2, p. S16, n. 71 (1788) Ux AmsoIOi
X<iU./«J.Oni.u. p. sea, 11.76 (1790); Lm. TV. iOrm. p. 631
(8JD. emend.) (IbSl).
Nttoch ferine f)«m. JW. q^ 21x4. ii p. SW (I8S3); Hl.£rit.4)>.
p. 121 (ie:J8] ; O.ILer. iMt Om. B. p. 75 (1840) ; lU. O**. B.
lu. p. ^1, n. 1 (1844) fid. Lilt B. Brit. JITw. iiL p. I4S (wit.)
(18l4) ; SeAnb. SyH,Aii.,Vt.tStom, t.7S. ff. 1S4-S6(I845) ; BolU,
J.f. O. 1865, p. 315 (8^) ; Botn^. 3J. O. 1869, p. 870 (ZooL
Otrd.); Jfcre,/Au,18(je, p.44fi(GnU&it.); OmJd, B. Gr. BriL
V. pi. 21 (pt. xxi^ 1872).
Aftfarft feriiu, Boit, JttM, 1822, p. 564 ; Br Am, Iiu, 1680, p. 999;
uj. F(^. i)»bcU. p. 920 (1881) ; Bp. Comp. ZiM, p. 68 0830) ;
id. CW. JIfrf. p. 73 (1842) ; Brdtmi,J.f. 0.1855, p. 3e9CE^t);
Bp. Oompt. Send. sliu. p. 061, n. 143 (excl. tu.) (1866) ; XmA:,
Cai. M. et O. Algtr. p. 144 (1858) ; JW. B. </ Ind. iii. p. 812
(1864) ; Saltad. (M. Uee. Sard. p. 109 (1804); id. J.f. O. 1865,
p. 826 (Sardinu) ; G.R.Or. Hmd-M, iii. p. 66, n. lOOrffl (1871) ;
&nnA. P. Z 5. 1671, p. 419 (Shu(cb&i); JHImA, J.f. O. 1872,
p. 871 (Bohemia) ; lAoud, Ibit, 1873, p. 430 (Kattunu) ; Dyb.
J. f. O. 1873, p. llOi JHeufft Om. N,0.-4/r. ii. 2, p. 1341 (1873J ;
Taez. BuU. Soe. Zool. Fr. ii. p. 46 (1877) ; J>and^ Outt. Oit. tSw.
p. 606 (1877J; Byro. .fiowfey'* Orn. Miac iii. p. 106 (1878);
iEodi^ Ornit Caucat. p. 460 (1684) ; F Sfmn. iV. {7.& Xat. Mm.
X. p. 187 (1887).
Fuligula feriD■^ S'miA. Cm. ZooL ziL S, p. 103 (18S4) ; Savi, Om.
Tmc. iii. p. 135 (1831) ; Stridd. P. Z. k 1836, p. 102 (SmjTn») ;
Byt. Cai. Brit. B. p. 57 (1836) ; Sa. Clam. B. ii. p. 368 (1837) ;
OoM, B. Bur. V. p^. 867 (1637); Eyt. Man. Anat. p. 164, lO. 12.
f. 3 (caicm) (1836) ; K. ^ B. WirieUk. JW. pp. IzxxTii, 230,
(1840); Jerd. Madr. Jbum. zii. p. 221, n. 389 (1640); Bl^h,
P. Z. S. 1842, p. 84 (IndiA) ; MartL Fen. Oa. Attu. p. 1^
(1844); Blf^, Cat B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 806, n. 1765 (1849) ;
Lil{jtb. Xa«vuxn»ia. 18:'.a, 2, p. 110 (N. Ilussia) ; WulUii'jr.
Noumamiia, 1854, p. 27.*): Jdckd, J.f. 0. 1855, p. 407; Witd,
J.f. O. 1&59, p. 176: Triitr. lUi, 1860, pp. 81,
4-i. NTROCA. 337
CoU. p. 537 (1882) ; Blakist ^ Pryer, Tr. As. Soc. Jap. x. p. 99
(Japani (1882) ; B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 130 (1883) ; Sc/at. List
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 440 (1883) ; Biakist. Amend. List B. Jap.
p. 34 (1884); Seeb. Ibis, 1884, p. 176 (Ilakodadi); Tristr. Faun.
^ Fhr. Palest, p. 117 (1884) ; Saund. YarreU's Hist. Brit. B. iv.
p. 413 (1884-85). and Man. Brit. B. p. 420; A. Neict. Enc. Brit.
lHh t>d. xix. p. 252 (1885) : Seeb, Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 575, pi. 64
(egj?) 0885) ; Meade- Waldn,Ihis, 18.-9, p. 515 (Canaries) ; Tristr.
Cat. Coll. B. p. 48 (1S>9); Bchuc. J.f. O. 1890, p. 84; Lilford,
Col. Fig. Brit. B. pt. xiii. pi. — (1890) ; Seeb. B. Jap. Emp. p. 254
(1890); Shar}>e, Sec. Yark. MifiA.^ Aies^ jt. 132(1^91); Jlartert,
Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 232 (1891) ; Styan, IbiM, 1?<91, pj). 328, 497 ;
iJubois, Faun. Vert. Uvhj., Ois. ii. p. 472, pi. 262 (1892) ; Meade-
Waldo, Ibis, 1893, p. 1911 (ranaries) ; Colletty M indie Medd. vedr.
Noryes Fvylef. 18^1-92, p. 215 (1894).
Platypus ferinus, C. L. Brehm, Lehrb. Xaturg. eur. Vog. ii. p. 828
(1*824).
Aithya ferina, Kaup, Naiiirl. Sgst. p. 99 (1829).
Aytliva ervtlnoccphala, Ihehni, his, 18^30, p. 999 ; id. Vog. Deutschl.
*p. 919 (18:51 ) ; id. Vogrlf. p. 379 ( InOo).
Anas niarila, Malh. (nee Liim.) Faun. Orn. Sicii. p. 220 (1843).
Fulipula rufa, O. B. Or. Geu. B. iii. p. 621, n. 7 (1844).
Marila tVrinu, Bdnib. Av. Syaf. Xat. p. viii (1S52).
Aithyia ferina. Livid. Nomencl. Av. p. 102 (1854).
Aythya ruHceps. Brehm, yaumanuin, 1855, p. 298.
Fulijrula ervtlirocephala, C. F. Dubois^ PI. Col. Ois. Belg. iii. p. 278
(I8r.0).
Anas (Fidigula) ferina, Badde, Beis. S. O.-Sibir. ii. p. 375 (1863)
(Baikal). ^
Aethvia ft^rina, Giql. Ibis, 1S65, p. 52 (Pisa); Sirinh. Ibis, 1^74,
p. *1?<2 (Taiboo "Lake); B.,BL.It..6f S. J.f. (). 1S77, p. 3:i7
((lerniany); Salcad. El. Ucc. Hal. ]>. 2' 5 (1886); Sliarpe, Cut.
Osteal. iV/^er/z/i. Coll. Surg. iii. p. 3(H) (IbOl).
Fulix ft'rina, Sulrad. Faun, d'ltal., I'cr. p. 265 (1872); Brgalia,
Prof.' J'erb. Soc. Tosc. Sc. Sat. lb^8, p. 92 (nail un the dijrit-).
Ilghrids.
Fuliirula mariloidcs, Yarrell {nee Vf//.)^ Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 247,
with H<r. (1NJ7-43) ; lip. Ber. Crif'. pp. KXJ, 105 (part.) ( 1S50).
American Scanp. Yarrell iuee auvt.). I. c. ; Saund. in YarrelCs Hist.
Brit. B. iv. p. 427, ti-r. p. 42^ (1>S4 S")).
Aythya niuriloides, ]iait.. I>j). Cat. Met. T^e<\ Eur. p. 72, n. 453
'(1M2); td. Ucc. Crif. y. ll»5, n. 443 (j.ait.) (lN»).
Fuli^-uhi f.rinoides, Bartl. P. Z. S. 1.^47. ]>. 4s ; (inuJd, P. Z. S.
1K">4, p. 95 ; A. yeict. P. Z. *V. l^(;0, pp. ;^;;7, ;;3S.
Fuliirula h-ucoptera, A. Xcfct. Zw.logi.'^t, IMx, p. 2063 ( = ftTin()ides).
Fulif-Mda honieyeri, lUuhher. ynuymuniiu, 1^5i', Ili'lt i. ]). 12 (liotter-
dani) ; UaUUim. ibid. ll»'ft ii. ].. Iif4, Taf. 1; yauni, J. f. ().
185;}, Kxtmli. ]). 7 (hvbml); Frifsrh, J.f. O. \<)4, p. *280;
(floyvr. J.f. O. \<)A, p.*40.^ (not a hybrid !) ; Budrk. J.f. O. 16-54,
Extrah. p. xiv; Jloymiftr, ibid. p. Ixvi ; Olplu^iiuH. yauniannia,
IKV*, j.p. 402, 403; 'dloger, op. cd. l85r., p. :i52 ; id. J. f. O.
l?v/6, pp. 272, 'io't; ()lphe-(rall. yaumannia, 1^57, p. 6; Bias.
in yaum. lieutsch. Viig. xiii. 2, p. 305, Taf. 389. f. 2 (1860);
A. ytwt. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 337, 338 ; lieyj Syn. Eur. Bnttwig, u,
VOL. XXVII. z
OStle, p. 130 (1872); Arrig. dtgli Oddi, Att* Soc. Ital. Be.
xsxiv, fasc. a, pp. 179-192 (18841.
Anu 'mterm&il^Jaubert, Itev. et Mag.de Zooi\B5%-^\\A{ =
ferinax A. njroca) ; A. AVutf. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 337.
Avthva homeveri, Brehm, Vagelf. p. 380 (1865) ; %d. .
'1855, p. 298:
Avthvia ferina a. bomeTeri, Bp. Conmt. Smd. xliii. p. 661, D. 142 a
'(1856).
Avthvia feriaa b. iotennedia, Bp. t. c. n. 142 b (1856).
Avthvin ferina c. ferinoidea, Bp. I.e. n. 142c (1856).
A'Diw'liomeveri, Jlom^. J.f. O. 1870, p. 433,
Fuli)niln tviiaaXJEx epoDsa, Sclat. tut Vert An. 8th ed. p. 440
(1883) i Leverk. J.J. O. 18iW, p. 224.
Fuligula ferina cJ X F. crislAta $ , Savtid. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 560.
Fuligula ferinaxF. nyroca, Leverk. J.f. 0. 1800, p. 223; Alharda,
J.f. O. 1(J92. p. 429.
Fuligula ferina X F. criatate, terfrk. J. f. 0. 1890, p. 224.
Fuligula ferina xClanguta (jlaucion, Leivrk Aid.
Fuligula ferina x Anaa bogcbns, Leverk. ibid.
Fuligula f*^rina x Anas obscura, Ltitrk. ibid.
Fuligula ferina X (Anas boschasx A. Btr«pera), Leverk. ibid.
Adult male. Heud and npper neck rufoue chestnut ; upper back,
lower neck, and upper breast all round glossy black ; maotle,
Bcapolare, tertiala, and upper parts lavender' white, finely vcrmica-
lat«d with black ; rump, upper toil'COTerts, and nnder tail-coverts
dull black ; lower breast almost white, scarcely vermioulated, and
gradually becoming darker on the lower abdomen and mei^ng into
black on the under tail-cuverts ; wing-coverts grey, more or less
vermiculated with white ; a grey speculum on the secondaries, the
inner ones edged with blackish on the outer wob, all edged with white
at the tip ; primaries grey, darker at the tip and on the outer web ;
under wing-covcrta and axilhtrica white, the marginal under «"
44, VTBOOA.
839
upper partfly shading into rusty brown on the head and neck; nnder-
parts dirty yellowish white : bill and feet light blnish ; iris gr^.
Hab, PalflMurctic fiegion from Iceland to Japan; breeding princi-
pally in the northern part of the Western PakDarctio Begion ; it
winters in S. Eorope and Northern Africa, and from Asia Minor
through Persia, India, and China to Japan.
a. cf ad. sk.
6, e. (^ $ ad. 8t
<^ c^ ad. sk.
0. c^ ad. sk.
/. $ ad. sk.
Aberdeenshire ( W, C,
Angus),
England (London Market).
Milford Hall, Stafford, Jan.
Cambridge Market, Nov.
Cambridge Market, Nov.
Aldeburgh, Feb., Aug.
m, n, (S ad. ak.
o. c^ ad. ak.
p, S imm. 8t
q. S ad. 8k.
r. S ad. sk.
9,t. c^ ad. et $
imm. sk.
«, r. c^ $ ad. sk.
V. $ imm. sk.
X. $ ad. sk.
H. J. Elwes, Esq. [P.].
Purchased.
Capt W. S. LeveU
rp.].
Salvin-Godman ColL
H. J. Elwes, Esq. [P.].
Theodore Fisher. Esq.
[P.].
Hon. W. Rothschild
[P.].
tfk^l, S ad. sk. Tring, Herts, June, Sept.
etcJ J imm. St.
Avington, Hants, Dec. (O, Shelley ColL
RS.)
Cookham, Dec. (W. Brigys), Tweeddale Coll.
Somersetshire. Montagu Coll.
Devonshire. Montagu ColL
Arcachon, France, Nov. (J?. Seebohm Coll.
V. Seebohm),
El Baheira, Tunis, March Salvin-Qodman Coll.
(O. S.),
Egypt, Feb. (G. E. S,).
Cairo, May.
Mesopotamia.
Shellev Coll.
Dr. Worthington.
y, X. c^ $ imm. Lenkoran, Jan.
sk.
Euphrates Expd. [P.].
Seebohm ColL
a'. (S ad. sk.
h\ d, ^ ad. sk.
Central Asia.
Eashgar {Bellew),
^9 e*. d^ $ ad. sk. Kandahar, Marcn.
Moscow Museum [P.].
India Museum [P.J.
Lt-Colonel Swinnoe
[P.].
ft y » ^'* d $ ad. Mado Mehur, Upper Sindh, Hume ColL
sk. Jan. {A, O. H),
€, 2 ad. sk. Sehwan, Sindh, Jan. {A, Hume Coll.
O. JET.).
k, S ad. sk. Roree, Sindh, Feb.
i*. (^ ad. sk. Rajpootana, March {A
O. H.).
m\n\o'. cJ Jad. Delhi, Jan.
sk.
p'-i\ cJ • $ ad. et Gurgaon, Jan. {A. O. H,),
($ imm. sk.
Etawah, Dec.
Sandee, March (^A, Ander- Seebohm Coll.
Bon),
Futtehg^rh, Feb. (A. Ander- Seebohm ColL
ton),
Oudh. Capt. Stackhoose Pin-
will [P.].
NepaL B. H. Hodgsooi Esq.
i2
tf'. c^ juT. sk.
v*. (^ ad. sk.
«". $ad.8k.
^f]^. $ ad.sk.
s*. $ imm. St.
India Museum [P.].
Hume ColL
Hume Coll.
Hume CoU.
Hume Coll.
'. A ad. Bk.
■,A cJ?im
A", Sternum,
t". Sternum with
shoulder-girdle.
k''. Sternum with
ehoulder^inUe.
t',m". Sterna.
Maoipiir. March {A. O. EX
Shtntrhai, China, Dec. (A.
JUichV).
flakodadi, Japan, March.
YokiihBma, Japan, winter
(H. iVyn-).
England.
Enfrkod.
Enjllflnd.
England.
Purchased.
Purchaii«d.
0. IngaU, E™. rp.].
J. Ray, Esq. [P^.
M. Lefebm'B CoU.
Htbbids.
Nynxa ferina X F. marila.
Pun-hased at Mr. Doulile- F. Bond, Esq. [P.].
dB3's sale, Auir. %% 1871.
(Tjpe of i\Uigida niarSoidei, Yorr. d
. jj"i
Ayrocffl fenna x F. fuKgula.
Woodford Park, Blackburn, E. J. Howard, Eaq.
Aug. [P.].
S. NjToca americana.
Anas ferina, Gm. & A', i. 2. p. 530, n. 81 (pait.) (1788) ; Zath. Ind.
Om. ii. p. 802, n. 77 (1790) ; Wil$. (wc Zi'nn.) Am. Om. Tiii.
ji. 110, pi. 70. f. 6 (1814) ; lip. Spnch. 0,m;,. p. 73, n. 2S3 jlP27) ;
n. 77 (1790) ; Wi/t. (wc Zi'nn.) Am. On.
li.l]0,pl.70. f.6 (1814); lip. «fWfA.O,m;,.p. 73,n.2S3 jlPi
bovff/ilv, Cab. X. H. ii. p. 40, pi iv. (1832) ; G<eb. Thn. Om. i.
270 (1825).
44. sn
341
ATthjs ■merieana, Baird, B. .V. Am. p, 783 (185A) ; ul. Ott. N. Am.
'£. n. 618 (laW); BruaHi. Pr. Bo*t. Soc. JV. H. Tii. p. lad
(Bahamast {1&59) ; id. J.f. 0. 1S81. p. 56 ; itardt, Pr. Ae. PAilad.
18M, p. 27 (JamucB) ; O. K. Gr. Hand-lia. iu. p. 8«, a. 10600
(1671); LniBr.Me.n.U'.tt.S-K^.K. ff. ii p.315 (MuzMlaii) (l-C*);
A.O. U.Check-lat N.Am. B.^.n».-a.Uti{lSI^'\: Ridgw. Mtn.
N.Am. B. p. 101 (1887); Cory, Auk. 1888. p. fi6; id. B. W. Ittd.
p. 267 (1889); floIfA, fl. o/.tfumw. p, 55 (181(2),
Njrroca erytfarocephola, Sterm. (nee lirthm.) P. R. R. Rep. r. pt, 4,
p.70(l&J9|.
Aelhvia omuriiNina. Dre**. Ihk, 1860, p. 43 (Texas) ; Brown, Ihit,
1868, p. 426 (Vancouver 1.) ; Sciai. ^ Sah. Nanunel. An. Neotmji.
p. 130(1873); Ridgw. yomenel.N. Am. B.nGXH (1881); B.,B.,
* R. ITafer-B. JV. Am. ii. p. 36 (1884) ; NeM. J. f. 0. 1886,
p. 147 (ntinoig).
Ajihva. ferina, vnr. americana, .rl/fan, J!uA Mat. C. Z. iu. p. 183
(1872).
Fuligula fe;
Fuligula ferioa. Tar. americana, Ckmet, JTejr, p. 389 (1873) ; id. CHeck-
liUN.Am.B. n. 503 (1873): id. Birdi iV.- »«(, p. 575 (18741;
Cory, B. Bahama 2. p. 189 (1880) ; DuboU, Faun. Vert. Belg., Oi*.
ii. p. 473 (1892),
Fiilig'iila ferinn americana, Couet, Cheek-liit N. Am. B. 2ad ed.
p. 1 14, a. 723 ( 1882).
FuUx ferina americaoa, Couet, Key N. Am. B. 2ud ed. p. 702, n. 723
(18*1).
Ilifhrid.
Fulignla americana X F. inarila (!), LtBirk. J.f. 0. 1890, p. 224
Very similar to -V. ferina, but the rich chestnut colour of the
head and upper half of neck glossed with purple ; abdomna whtto,
not vermiButatod witb dusky : bill pale blue, only the end black.
8i»e the same as that of N. ferlva, or very little larger ; wing 9'4
iiichei, eulmea 2.
Fcmait. Head and neck greyish brown, darker above, th& fore
pwt- of the former lighter, almost white on chin and upper throat ;
backt acapolars, chest, sidos, and flanks doll greyish brown, the
f«fttfaen tipped with paler or folyous; abdomen whiter than in
Jf./trina female.
Tbunff in dtiwit. " Abore ocbracMus olive-brown, with an indistinct
)^eIlowigh spot behind each wing, another on the lower border of the
arm-wing, and a third on encli side of the rnmp ; whole sides of
head and neck, with lower parts iii general, deep buS-yellow, paler
and duller on belly and ventral region ; no dark markings on sides
othni"(liidg.ia!,).
Hah, Whole of North .^morion, breeding from Maine a.nd Cali-
fornia northward.
a,h. J^ »A.ai.
c. a ad. ak.
I «,/ rf 8 ad. sk.
No locality.
[EDgland.]
Vancouver B Island {lliyi/iiu).
49th ParaUel.
Mr. Haderart fC.].
TwBoddale Coll.
Snlvin-Godmnn Cotl.
N. America Bound srv
N, America B<>undHi'y
CoinmissiuD [l',j.
h. (f juv. sk. Warner Lnke, Oregon, Sept. Sakin-OodmaB CoH.
I. cf ad. ek. Chicago, Illiaois (Ndioii S[ SalTin-GodmaD Coll.
Jencks).
k. e tkd. ek. Neucee Co., Teztu, Jan. (JV. SalTia-Oodmui Coll.
E. A'oaAei).
^. rf 9 ad. et (^ Corpus Cbristi, Texas, March, Salvin-Oodman ColL
juT. ek. Oct., Dec. (F. B. Arm-
Urong).
t. J imm. sL BrownBville, Texas, April Salvin-GodniM CoU.
{F. B. ArmUrong).
u. cf ad. ak. ZacAlecas, Mexico, April ( W. SalyiD-Qodmu) Colt.
B. Richardton).
V. tS ad. ek. Vailej of Mexico (H. S. U Salvin-Qodman Coll.
iSsranffe).
3. Kyroca Talluneria.
i. p. 108, pi. 70. f. 6 (1814) :
iw». TV. d'Om. p. 631 (1831); Doughty, Cab. N. H. a. -0.36, v\.i
(1832); Coty, Lut B. W. Ind.y. SO (1885),
Aoae vellisnenaDa, Sabine, App. Fi-anki. Joum. p. 099 (1823).
Anas valisDeria, Vieili. Fnc. MilA. i. p. 369 (1633).
Fuligula valtisnerie, Sleph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 19G (1824) ; Bp. Amt.
Lye. N. r. ii. p. 39-i (1820) ; id. Syn. p. ^2 (182S) ; Ste. ^ Eieh.
1. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 461 (1831) ; A'u((. Man. ii. p. 430 (1834) ;
*ion. Anal. p. 153 (1838) ; Aud. Or». Biogr. iv. p. 1, pi- 301
; id. Sun.v- 286 (1839) ; id. B. Am. vi, p. 299, jl. 3
(1843) ; Gir. B. Lang Itl. p. 318 (1844) ; DeEau, N. Y. Zool. ii
p. 321 (18441; Tuimb. B. E. Pa. 1869, p. 46; Coues, Key. p. 290
(18(2) ; id. Cheekrlist, n. 504 (1873) ; id. Binb N.-Wetl, p. (375
(1874); id. Chtck-li^, 2nd ed. p. 116, n. 724 (1882); Harttrt,
Eat. Vogelsamml. -a. 232 (1891).
Avthva valisuerift. Boie. Itis, 18S6. p. 980 ; Bp. C<-mp.
44. mrsocEi.
843
Heerm. P. B. B. JRep. z. pt ir. p. 70 (1869) ; Brewer, Pr. Bad.
Soe. N. M. yii. p. ^ (Cuba) (18iK)) : A. ^E. Newt. Hmidb.Jmn.
p. 118 (1881).
NyiDca yalisneriy Bchnh, Syn. Av^ Natatores, t 75. f. 127 (1845).
A^yia erjrthrocephala, Licht. [nee Brehm) Nvmend, Ao, ^ 103
(N. America, Mexico) (1854).
Aytbya valisneri, Brehm, NauTnatmia, 1855, p. 298 ; id, VogeJf, p. 380
(1855).
Aethyia valisoeria, Cab, <$- GundL J, /. O. 1857, p. 229 (Cuba) ;
Oundl. J.f, O. 1861, p. 246 ; Salt. Ihis, 1866, p. 198 (Guatemala) ;
Brown, Ibis, 1868, p. 426 (Vancouver I.) ; Sclat, 4" Salv. NomencL
Av. Neotrop.f. 130 (1873) ; Jtidffw* Norn. N. Am, B, n. 617 (1881).
Axistonetta Talnsneria, Baird, B. N, Am, p. 793 (in text^ (1858).
Aethyia Tallisneria, Dress, Ibis, 1866, p. 43 (Texas) ; B., B,, 8f R,
Water-B. N, Am, ii. p. 30 (1884) ; Nehrl J. / O. 1885, p. 147
(Illinois).
Fuligula Talisneriana, Schhg, Mtis, P,'B,, Anseres, p. 25 (1866) ;
TrUtr. Cat CoU. B, p. 48 (1889).
Anas Talisneriana, Gieb, Thes, Om. i, p. 364 (1872).
Fulix Tallisneria, Coues, Key N, Am, B, 2nd ed. p. 703 (1884).
Adult male. Similar to that of N. ferina, but macb larger and
witb a macb longer bill ; tbe upper part of tbe bead dsirker cbestnut
tban tbe rest ; lower breast and abdomen wbite : ^* bill entirely
greenisb black ; iris carmine-red ; feet bluisb grey " {Coues). Total
length 20 to 22 inches, wing 9*25, tail 2*9, culmen 2*6, tarsus 1*6.
Adult femaU. Head, neck, jugulum, and anterior part of back
raw-umber-brown, a postnuchal space, the fore part of the head,
and fore neck whitish ; chin, throat, and cheeks tinged with fulvous ;
back, scapulars, and flanks greyish brown, vermiculated with white ;
wings as in the male : ** bill greenish black ; iris brownish red ;
feet plumbeous " {B., B,, Sf R.).
Hab. North America, breeding from the North-western States,
northward to Alaska; in winter southwards to Guatemala and
W. Indies.
a,b, (^ $ ad. St
c. c^ ad. sk.
dy e,f, (S ad. sk.
g^h. S 2 Ad* sk.
«. 6 juv. sk.
l-o. 6 $ inun. sk.
|^-9. cf $ ftd. sk.
V. cf imm. sk.
jr. skeleton.
N. America.
Fort Rupert, Vancouver's
Island (J, K. Lord),
Vancouver's Island (J. K,
Lord),
Minnesota.
49th ParaUel.
Cook Co., Illinois {E, W.
Svlson),
Corpus Christi, Texas, Dec.
(r\ B, Armstrong),
Brownsville, Texas, March,
April (F, B, Armstrong),
Duenas, Guatemala (O. ^Si.).
N. America.
Old Coll.
N. America Boundary
Commission [P.].
N. America Boundary
Commission [P.].
II. Courage, Esq.
[P.]. .
N. America Boundary
CommLssion [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman ColL
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Eyton CoU.
4. NjTocabaen.
Aaiw kuCiiphtl,Hlino», Kittl. {nrc BorH.) hit, 1829, p. fi29 (Kunt-
Khotka) : (/. Strju. Pr. I.'. S. Aal. Mm. x. p. 137 (note) (ISST).
P NjToca leuTOphtliRlmn a. duMumieri, Bp. Vompt. Bend, xliii. p. 651,
n. LW n (HeiiKHl, vnlde maj,>r) {18.)<» •-
Ana* (Fuli^ila) laeii, Kadde, Rei$. S. O.-Sibir. ii. p. 870, pi. 15
{lKtf3) ! cf. Iti-, imn, p. ] 18.
Ansi baeri, Homty. J./. O. 1870, p. 4-33.
ATthya firinB (rrrorf), 5innA. i*. Z. & 1871, p. 419 (ShBnphw) ; id.
Ib!», 1873, ]i. *■*.
Fulix Wri, *««*. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 410 (Kiukiane on the Yimgtje) ;
ill. Ibis, 1873, pp. -MG, 367, P 187-5, p. 437.
Fulix crisUla, part., G. R. Or. Haud-liit, iii. p. 86, n. 10(184 (18711.
Fuli^iU nvroca, IMrid (niv GuMmft.), X. An-h. da Mui., Bui/, vii.
Cat. n. 364 (1871) ; Btakiet. ^ I'lyer, Ibu, 1878, p. 216 (Japan);
IMi. Ibi», 1879, p. 22 (Japan).
Fuiifiulabaeii, 2>yA, /./. O. 1874, p. 337; Tirf!. J /'.O. 1875. p.257
(iMuri): id.i}»ll.Soe.Zo-l.l-V.t\.v.i1 (1877)'; Dafid ^ Otat.
Oil. Cbin«, p. 509, pi. 124 (1877); Sfth. B. Jap. Emp. p. 254
(1890) ; Sfyon, Ibit, 1891, pp. 3:J8, 497 (Yangtse).
Fulix njTOCa, Daad S[ Oiut. (»a; Giiidfnit.) Oi». Chine, p. 607
(1877) t.
Kvr<»!a ferrnpinea, Blakii-t. ^ Pryer (n« Gm.), Tr. A». Snc. Jap. X.
'\, p. 99 (1882) ; HIakiif. Amend. List B. Jap. p. 9, n. 47 (1884),
Fulifrula baueri (errore), TrUtr. Cat. Call. B. p. 48 (1889).
Adult male. Head and neck black, with a green lustre ; a vhite
Rpot OQ chin ; upper parte brown ; the mterecapular region and
the scapulars finely waved with paler brown irregular lines ; breast
nifouB chestnut, sharply defined from the white of the abdomen ;
under tail-covcrta whil« ; flanks nifons brown ; rent tinged vith
hTQwn ; speculum white, with a. broad blackish SQb&pical band -, a
i blind at the tip of the Hecondariw ; qnills whitiah.
44. vnoo^ 845
o-^. i^wLA. ShaDglud, Chiiift» March Seebohm CoU.
(R. dwinkoe).
A. (f ad. dc Shanghai^ China, March. Dr. R. Bowdler
Bharpe [PA
t. $ ad. ak. Shanghai, China, March. Shanghai Musenm
^ A M- cf $ ad. Yokohama, Japan (H, Pryer). Seebohm Coll.
ale
5. Nyroca africana.
The Ferruginous Duck.
Anas (ru&), Linn. Faun, Suec. n. 134 (1746).
P Anas latirostra, Brunn. Orm Bor, p. 21, n. 91 (1764).
Anas nyroca, GiUfUnst. Nov, Comm, Petrop, xiv. 1, p. 403 (1769) ;
Lath, Syn, iii. 2, p. 541, n. 79, Tar. A (1785) ; id, Ind. Om, ii.
L869, n. 91 (1790) : Bonn, Enc MSth, i. p. 135 (1790) ; Bechst.
iham'B Uebers, iii. p. 465, n. 29 (1796) ; VieiU. N, D, v. p. 131
(1816) ; 2>M. TV. dTOm. p. 632 (1831) ; ScJdeg, Rev, Crit, p. exx
(1844); Naum. Vog. Deutschl xii. p. 41, t. 309 (1844) ; Firitsch,
J,f, O. 1853, Extrah. p. 33 (Croatia) ; Jikkel, J,f, O. 1854, p. 30;i
(&varia) ; Passler, ibtd, p. 380 (Tauris) ; Vangerow, J,f, 0. 1855,
p. aio ; BoUe, J. f. O. 1857, p. 266 (Canaries) ; FriUch, J, f, O,
1858, p. 413 : Tri9tr, Ibis, 1859, p. 161 (eggs) ; Finsch, J, f, O,
1869, p. 387 (Bulgaria) ; Baldam, J, f, O. 1870, pp. 280, 281
(Mansfelder Lake) ; Gieb, Thes, Om, i. p. 358 (1872) ; Fintch, Ibis^
1877, p. 54.
P Anas peregrina, 8, Gmel. Reis. RumL ii. p. 183, 1. 16 (1774) ; Gieh,
Tket, Om. L p. 3<'>9 (1872).
P Anas skoorra, Miiil, Zool, Dan, Prodr, p. 16, n. 130 (1776) ; Lath,
Sun, iiL 2, p. 515, n. 60 (1785); Bonn. Enc. MSth, i. p. 134
(1790).
Anas glaucia major, Gerini, Star, degU Ucc, t. t. 589 (S)t ^^ ( $ )
(1776).
Ferruginous Duck, P^nn. Brit, Zool, n. 285, t. 99 (1776) ; Lath, Syn,
iii. 2, p. 526, n. 71 (1785).
Sarcelle d'Egvpte, D'Aubmt. PL Enl, 1000 ; Buf, Hist, Nat, Ois,
ix. p. 273 (1783).
Red Duck, Venn. Arct. Zool. ii. p. 576 (1785).
PLapmark Duck, Penn. Arct, Zool. ii. p. 576, M (1785); Lath,
Syn, iii. 2, p. 515, n. 60 (1785) (slatirostra, /?rtfim.= skoorra.
Mm.),
Tufted Duck, var. A, Lath, Syn. iii. 2, p. 541, n. 70 (17a5).
Anas rutila, Lath, (nee PaU.) Syn. iiL 2, p. 526, n. 71 (1785) ; id.
Syn, Sufypl. i. p. 297 (1787).
African Teal, Lath. Syn. iii. 2, p. 555, n. 93 (1785).
P Anas scandiaca, Gm, S. N, i. 2, p. 520, n. 85 (1788) ; Lath. Ind.
Om. U. p. a59, n. 68 (1790) ; VieOl. N, D, v. p. 155 (1816) ; Dum
Diet. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 376 (1817).
Anas africana, Gm. 8, N, i. 2, p. 522, n. 88 (1788) (ar PI, Enl. 1000)
Lath. Ind. Om, ii. p. 875, n. 104 (1790) ; id, Tr, Linn, Soc. xi
p. 178 (1815) ; VieOl, N. D, v. pp. 131, 171 (1816) ; Dum. Diet
Se. NaL vi. p. 394 (1817).
Anas fisrruginea, Gm, 8, N. i. 2, p. 528, n. 99 (1788) {ex Pennant) ;
ZoO. Ind. Om. ii. p. 866, n. 84 (1790) ; B^n, Enc, Mitk, i. p. 126
(1790) ; lUtL FauH. Suee. p. 130 (1800); VieiU. N. D. v. p. 116
(1816) ; Dum. Diet. Se. Ntd.'yl p. 876 (1817).
itadt); Licht. Verz. Do«bl. p. 86 (IS__,
P Adm guttoir, Gm. S. JV. i, 2, p. 642, n. 122 (1788) (ei Fortk. Dfer.
Ah. p. 3, n. 10, 1775) ; Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 877, n. 115 (1790) ;
Bonn. Etc. MHk. i. p. 134 (1790) ; VifiU. N. D. t. p. 118 (1816).
Anas legvptiaca, Bonn, (nee Linn.) Enc Mith. i. p. 159 (1791) (ex
Buff-m).
Anas ferina, var. 1, Becktt. Nat. Gtsch. Dfutichl. ii. i;. 658 (1791).
Anas leucojihtbaliiiu^ Borkhauttn, Detdtche Fauna, i. p. S&l, n. 304
(1797) ; BefhA. Om. Taichenb. ii. p. 450, n. M (1803) ; id. Naturg.
DfUltchl. iv. p. 1009 (1H09) ; Temm. Man. dOnt. p. 571 (1816) ;
id. op. fit. 2nd ed. ii. p. 876 (1820) ; Fabrr, Prodr. Itl. Om. p. 72
(1822); Ilaia.Eitm. 3i Zoo/, iii. 9, p.l33 (1820): iofe. J*w, 1828,
p. 1233 ; Temm. Man. iv. p. 646 (1840) ; Bolie, J. /. O. 1855,
p. 179 (Canaries) ; MiiU. J.f. 0. 1866, p. 232 (l-rovence) ; JVmcA,
Ibif, 1877, p. 60.
Anas leucopis, Naum. Natarg. d. Land-u. Wauem. iii. p. 479, t. liz.
f.89((J) (1799).
Antu glaucion, Pall, (nee Linn.) Zoogr. Rnmo-Ax. ii. p. 268 (1811).
Kytoca nyroca. Firm. Phil, of Zool. ii. p. 260 (1822) ; Lieht. Komend.
Av. p. 102 (1854) ; G B. Gr. Band-tist, iii. p. 80, n. 10693 (1871) ;
Stejn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mu». x. p. 137 (note) (1887).
Ajtbva njroca, Boie, I$it, 1822, p. 564 ; Brehm, lsi», 1830, p. 999 ;
id. I%.Z»ea(<cW.p.9l8(1831); Jerd. B. of Jnd. iii. p. 813, n.9l»
(1864) ; Pels. J. f O. 1868, p. 37 (Sirinagur) ; Merte, (Eften. K
yet.-AA. Fork. 1871, p. 782; HeugL Om. K.O.-Afr. ii. 2, p. 1W3
(KoTOBka, Tigrt) (1873) ; ITime Jj- Baideri. Lahore to Yark. p. 297
(1873) ; Hume, NeUi ^ Eggt, p. 646 (1873) ; Lloyd, Ibit, 1873,
p. 420 (Kithawar) ; Scuilif, Str. Feath. iv. p. 202 ( Yarkand) (1876) ;
Sadde, Onus Cauca». p. 461 (1884).
Fuligula njroca, Steph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 201, pi. 66 (1834) ; Saw",
Om. ToK. iii, p. 138 (1831); Eyt. Cat. Brit. B. p. 67 (1836);
Jerd. Madr. Joum. xii. p. 222, n.'SOl (1840) ; K. ^ B. WirbMk.
Eur. pp. liKtril, 230 (1840) ; f'mne, P. Z. S. l»4l, p. 7 (Little
Thibet); myOt, Ibig, 1842. p. 94 (India); SaHL Vem Oa. Miu.
flSer); Trutr. GU. OAl. fl. p. 48 (1889): LUford, Cnl. Fi.j.
Bril. S. pt, siv. jJ. — (1890) ; Serb. S. Jap. F.mp. p. -ifA (nule)
(IflflO); Jtc/mw. J. f. 0. 1890, pp.a%84; Srnne. NctU and Eyg*
[fjatned.], iii. p. '293 {1890): HarUrl, EiU. VogeUamml. f. 232
(1891); Did). Fatal. l-'eH. Biiff., Oa. u. p.477,pl. 263 (1892),
Fulitmtu femigiu*!*, Sleiih. Om. '£onl. xii. 2, p. S05 (1824) ; Uartity,
Handb. Brit. S. p. 64 (1872).
Ilntvpiu leucophthalmiis, Srehm, Lehrb. A'ai. atr. Tog. ii. p. 834
( r»24) ; PiialfT, J. f. O. 1850, p. tJ7 (Aobalt).
ATthvH leucopbtbtJiu'oii, Brthm, Im», 183U, p. 999 ; id. t'Ug. DeuUeU.
p.ftl7(1831).
NvrocB leuctmbthftlinos. FletH. Bril. An. p. 121 (1823) ; Eyf. Jfon.
Arml. p, 1«0. pi. 13 (skeleton imd tmehea) (1838) ; BoUr. J.f. O.
18M, p.8lJ5 (Spaiiili Brebm, V'^flf. p. 380 (1865)! £jrf. Sp,.
Anat. p. 118 (1809) ; Tn<s. J.f. O. 1870, p. 56 (Algeria); Gould,
H. at. Brit. V. ri. 21 {pt. xx\., 1872).
FuUkuU leucophibalniB, Oouid, B. Eur. t. pL 863 (1637); C. Dui.
PL Col. Oit. Bthj. iii. p. 279 (l*i7): Sntrts. TuritH. Jev«ln.
p. 70 (]87.'i)( Seknie. Om. CentraOL 1882, o. b-, id. VSg. tool.
(Sdrt.p. 46il882j.
Kyroos ^■u<!op^ltballn^ Bp. Comp. list, p. 58, n. 423 (1838) : id. OU.
Mer. Urc. Eur. p. 73 (1*42) ; O. R. Or. Oen. B. m. p. 021, n. 4
(1844); KcAni. 8^. Av.. Nntatore*, t. 75. ff. 128-130 (18*5) i
O. R. Gr. Cat. Hadg*. CoH. B. M. p. 147 (1&46) ; Rcknb. Av. Syitl.
A'oi. p. Till (■ 1852) : Up. Comp(. ft-nd. xliii. p. 051, n. 138 (18«i);
L-xhe, Cnl. M. ft O. Al>ffr. p. 144 (1858) i Stde. Ibit, 1859, p. 304
<E, AtlM); Adani*. P. Z. 8. 1859. p. 190 (Cftshmufe) ; Selat.
P. X. S. 1859. p. 442 ; Triitr. Ihi*, 18«>, p. 81 (N. Afiica) ; O. R.
lodgt. tut. B. .V. 2nd ed. p. 77 { 1863) ; Pek. J.f. O.
■ "■ "■■'■"'' ■" " bmsdintr) : S/ktU.I&it,
•JUS (1872) ; JWtocA,
\Z.S. 1878, p. 479;
Komig, J.f. b' 1888, p. 28-5 (Algerift) •.
NyrocB afiicnna, ft. R. Gr. Lid B. Brit. Mm. iu. p. 144 (1844) i
Sahad. El. t're. Hal. p. 263 {188<i).
Nyroea nbaoletA, Brehm, Voijelf. p. 380 (1855): id. Navmamutt,
185^ p. i>98.
Aelhyw nwwra, G«*. J.f 0. 1870, p. 182 ; B., Bl., R. ^ & J.f. O.
I877.p."838; Odffi, J./.O. 1879,p. 272.
Fnlix arroctt, Salead. Unm. d'ltal., Pee. p. 265 (1872) ; Gigl. Icon.
Axif. Hal. sp. 361. t«v. 361 (1881) : OoW/.n, J.f. 0. 1881. p. 190.
NyroM femiginea. Sharpe & l^nt.B.Ear.ti. p.fiSl, pi. 438(1872) ;
Jh-at. IbU, 1876. p. 421 ; B. O. V. Lia Brit. B. p. 130 (1883) ;
Sclat. Lilt (*«■(. yin,8tb(>d. p. 441 (1883); Trintr. Faun. J^ Flor.
PaUtt. p. 117 (18841; Claris, Ibis. 1884, p. 147 (Slavonia Hod
Ilungnry); C. Swinh. ^ Bamrt, Ibii, J885, p. l.W (C. India);
i)i--/rf.«i. J./O. 1885. p. 200; TniV, Ww, 1887, p.377(I'i)rtuinil);
Beam. Ibit, 1891, p. 7J (iocub&tioD): Siarpr. Sie. Tarte. Miu.,
Ar*». p. 132(1891); id. Cat. Onlml. Sptcim. CtJl. ft^rj;. iii. p. 300
(I89I): P/i-^la, .Vtf. AW. xiii. p.299, n. 173|18U2)i OiuC. iVohd.
Areh. du Mm. (3) n. p. 102 (l^irkcstan) (1804).
Quid Syrora UutapktkaJma.Qiaat.B.Jum. p. 408 (1847); Albr«obt, J.f. O.
2. p. 2(17; Hkruh, Fr. Philitd. Acnd. I8)M, p. 72 (rrom JimRin): Lffit. Oil.
)t(l. p. 524 (TiiDidiwl:) (1866); Ciiapm. BulL Am. Mua. N. U. ri. p. 86
MarilA nTKC&, " F/em." (errore), Sfei. Hia. Brit. B. iii. p. 670, in
»jwi. F.nyrociB(188S).
Ilvon«tt« nyroca, Heine & Behnw. NommeL Mut. Hein. Om. p. JH7
(1890).
Hybridt.
FuligulanrrocaxF. crisUta, Selui, BuH Ac, R. Bntx. xiiij. 3, p. 15
{18«t) ; Leverk. J.f. O. 1890, p. 2^4, n. 10.
Fiuigula DjrocaxF. marila, Lroerk. Lc. n. II.
Fuligulanyroc&X A.ix sponaa, Xofuon, BuU.Soe. imp. Zool. tTAcditn.
X. p. tWfl (18U3) ; Levei-k. J.f. 0. 180O, p. Sii, n. 13.
Adult male. Head, neck, and upper breast rich ehestnut; a small
white spot on the chin ; round the middle of the neck a browDish
collar, more or less blackish ; back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-
oovorts blackish browu, the scapulars indistincti}' dueted with browa-
chestnut; lower part of the breast, belly, and under toil-covctts
wtiit« ; sides and flanks brown, tinged with chestnut; sides of the
vent brown, freckled with white ; wings blackish brown ; a white
■peculum on the secondaries, bordered posteriorly by a black band ;
tertials with a dark green gloss ; outer primaries dark brown on the
outer web and at the tip, white on the inner web, the remainder
white also on the outer web, but tipped with dark brown ; under
wing-coTerts, except the marginal ones, which are brown, white
like the axillariea ; tail blackish brown : beak and legs dark lead-
colour, darker on the webs ; trtdes white. Total length about
16 inohes, wing 7'75, tail 2-4, cuimen 2-25, tarsus 1-12.
FemaU. Similar to the male, but duller ; the chestnut of the head
browner, and that of the chest suRused with white and less clearly
defined from the whit« of the nnderparts, which is more or less
tinged with brown ; the feathers of the mantle and scapulars, like
those of the flanks, have boffish-brown pale edges (Setbohm).
44. VTBOOUu
849
s
IPyi^iii. cf 9 ad.
etjov. flL
«. 2 ad. 8k.
o. Jav. ak.
jh Imm. ak.
f . Imm. ak.
r» (f ad. ak.
a. (^ ad.ak.
<. $ imm. ak.
«, 9. c^ $ ad. ak.
V. c^ ad. ak.
•Ciy* c^ ftd. ak.
a. c^ ad. ak.
a'. Juv. ak.
b\ Jut. ak.
e', tt. (S ad. 8k.
e', (S ad. sk.
/*-*'. cJ ad. sk.
&8t. etjuv.sk.
r. Jiiv. sk.
m'. Jiiv. sk.
n. Juv. sk.
o*. 5 ad. St.
/>', /. cT ftd. sk.
r*. cJ ad. ak.
/. (^ ad. sk.
t\ ($ ad. sk.
«'. cJ juv. sk.
o'. c^ ad. sk.
fp*. (^ ftd. sk.
J-'. PuU. St. ?
y'. Skeleton
(imperfect),
a". Skeleton,
a". Sternum.
6". Sternum
(with shoulder-
^idle).
c". Ad. at
Adalia, Asia Minor, Bee.
( a Q. Danford),
Anluan Sea (220 mika fixim
land).
Lenkoran, Nov.
Ala Kul, Turkestan, May.
Yarkand, Aug. {F. StoUcika),
Thibet
Cashmere.
Kandahar, Feb.
Kandahar, Feb. (Lt-Col,
Swinhae).
Machi, May.
Sukkur, Sind,Nov.(^.O.Zr.).
Hamal Mehur, Upper Sind,
Jan. {A. O. H.),
Larkhana, Upper Sind, Jan.
(A. O. H.).
Eanepur, Sind, Feb.
Hills N. of Mussoorie
( Wihon),
Etawah.
Oudh, Jan., Feb.
Oudh.
Nepal.
Nepal (Hod(fmn),
Sikkim (X. Mamlelli),
Darjeeling.
Owalior.
Bengal (Falcon fir),
Calcutta Bazaar, Feb.
Calcutta Bazaar, Feb. (Bid^
dulph),
Calcutta.
Dinapur, Oct.
Behar.
Lob-nor, Feb. {Pr/evalsly),
Nepal.
England.
England.
Seebohm Coll.
J. E. Haztiiig, Eaq.
[P.l
Seebonm ColL
Dr. 0. Fwach [C.\
India Museum [P.l
Earl Giffiird [P7|.
Hume Coll.
Lt-Col. Swinhoe
[P.].
Seebohm Coll.
Lt-Col. Swinhoe
[P.].
Hume Ck>ll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
India Museum [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Cai)t. Stackhouse
Pinwill [P.].
B. II. Hodgson, Esq.
[P.l.
India Museum [P.],
Hume Coll.
India Museum QP.l
C. Maries, Esq. P.J.
India Museum ^P.].
Colonel Biddulph
[P.l
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume CJoll.
Hume Coll.
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
[P.l
Seebonm Coll.
Pu^cha^ed.
B. II. Hodgson, R«q.
[P.].
John Rav, Esq. [P.l
G. Ingall, Esq. [P.].
Nyroca africana x Faligula fidifjula .
Zoological Society.
8. NTTOca innotata. (Plata IV.)
Avtbia njTCH», A. MUne-Edw. (nee QHlderat.') Compt. Bend. xci.
p. 1036, D. 97 (Mndiipiscar) (1880) ; Hnmbl. Arch, ties Mui. (3)
viii. p. 166 (Madnfnscar) (I&82) ; MUmt-EdiB. ^ Grand. Oa.
Madag. p. 734, pi. 276 n. f. 4 (head) (188-2).
Njrooa mnotata, Salcad. BuU. Br. Om. Clui, no. %x. p. ii (1884) ;
id. Ibit, 1895, p. 136.
AduU male. Very eimilar to the male of N. africatui, from
vhich it differs in having the head and neck of a much darker and
more gloeay chestnut ; also the chestnut colonr of the breast is
darker; there is no distinct hlackish-brown collar round the neck,
separating the chestnut upper portion from the lower one ; no
whit« spot on the chin ; back and acapulBra brown with no wavy
lines, nor minutely sprinkled with white. Size nearly the same
as that of N. afrieana : " iris white ; bill bluish grey, with the base
and the edges black; feet greenish brown" {QrOTididier). Total
length about 15-5 inches, wing 7'8, tail 2-5, culmen 1-75, tarsus 1-2.
I hare seen a second specimen in Bothschild's collection, abso-
lutely identical with the type.
Hab. Madagascar.
a. <JP ftd. Belsileo, Madagascar. Rev. J. Shaw [C.].
(Type of speuee.)
7. Kyroca avBtralis.
Nyroea australis, Gould, MSS. ; Eylm, Mon. Anat. p. 100 (1838) ;
a. R. Or. LUt B. Brit. Mu». iii. p. 144 (1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii.
p. 621, n. 6 (1844); Gould,B.Au»tr.yi\.^\. 16 (pt. Mvil, 1847)i
Bchnb. Apt. Av., Natstoree, I. 2326-27 (1850) {ex Gould) ; Liekt.
Nomencl. Av. p. 102 (1864) ; Bp. Cami^. Bend, xliii. p. 6ol,
n. 139 (1866) ; Gould, Handb. B. AttUr. ii. u. 377 (1865) ; Bamt.
Ibin, 1867, p. 414 -, Mm. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 280 (Melbourne) ; Eiit.
" ,n. Anat. p. 118 (1869); Marie, Act. See. Linn. Bord. ; --'-'-
44. KTROCA. 351
Anas aostralis, Oieb. Thes, Om» i. p. 345 (1872) (sjm. emend.).
Ljonetta australis, Hein, 8f Rchnw, Nom, Mus, Hein. Om. p. 347
(1890).
Fuliffula baeri, Rothsch. 8^ Hartert (nee Radds), Zool. Res. i. [p. 684
(Waigiou and Arfak) (1894).
Adult male. Head, neck, and breast dark brown-chestnut ; back
and scapulars dark brown, each feather with olive-brown edges ;
rump uniform dark brown ; abdomen white, but the lower part of
it brown ; sides brown, each feather with paler edges ; wings brown
with an olive gloss ; speculum white, tipped with brown ; primaries
white, with the outer web and tip brown, the first three have the
inner web more or less greyish brown near the shaft ; under wing-
coverts white, except the marginal ones, which are brown ; tertials
brown, with an olive gloss ; tail brown : ** irides white ; bill black,
with a dark slate-blue band at the tip [nail black] ; front of tarsi
ver}' light grey, behind darker ; toes very light grey, membranes
black, bordered with light grey on the side of each toe" (Htitton),
Length about 20 inches, wing 8*75, tail 2'Oj culmen 1*9,
tarsus 1*0.
Female. Similar to the male, but rather smaller and duller,
having scarcely any tinge of chestnut on the head and neck, which
are brown.
Young male. Has the chestnut-brown colour much lighter and
the feathers of the back margined with pale brown ; it has also less
gloss on the head, and the brownish white of the underparts mottled
with brown {Bulhr).
Hah. Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Aucklands, New
Caledonia, and Papuan Islands, westwards as far as Waigiou.
a. ^ ad. St. No locality.
b. S ad. St. Australia. Piircha<»efl.
c. Juv. St. Australia. Lady ('jirrinp^ton ''P.],
d. (S ad. sk. Australia. Sir ]). Ccxjper [P.].
e. (S ad. f»k. Australia. (lould Coll.
/, ^, h. 2 ad. et Austraha. Siilviu-Godmau Coll.
]uv. sk.
t, k. cTad. et imm. New South Wales. Australian Museum [P.].
sk.
/. cf ad. sk. Lawrence River (/rr/wy). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. cT ad. sk. S. Australia. Cipt. Sir G. Gn'v 4\].
n, Juv. sk. Tasmania. II. J. Klwes, Esqi. [P.\
8. Nyroca brunnea.
Anas capensis, Cur. (nrc Gm.)^ .\fits. PariA. ; Le.<iA. Tr. d'Orff. p. 0.32,
n. ;>9(1KU) (drscr. inc(jmpl.) ; Piichpr. It4'i\ of Mat/. Zooi. \8i)(),
p. 545; Ilartt. J. f. O. l8.>j, p. 419; Gied. T/irs. Orn. i. p. 340
(part.) (1872).
Fulijfula capensifl, Smith, Cat. South Afr. Mus. p. 80, n. 380 (1837)
(descr. nulla) ; S<'hh<j. Mm. P.-Jl, Anseres, p. 31 (18<>0) ; Sclat.
P. Z. S. 18S0,p. 520; Rrhnw. Orn. Centralh. 1882, p. 5 ; itl. Vot/.
zool. Oiirt. p. 40 (iaS2); TriMr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 48 (1880);
Hartert, Kat. Vof/fUamml. p. 232 (18J)1); Rchnw. Vog. Deutsch-
Ost'A/r. p. 20 (Kibaya, Maasai) (1894).
F FuligulB Interelis, Stnitk, Cat. South-Afr. Mat. p. S6, n. 331 (1887)
(desci. nulla).
NyrocR brunnfia, Eyl. Mm. Anat. p. 161, pi. 23 (1838) ; O. R. Gr.
Gen. B. iii. p. 021, n. tf (1844) ; Striekt. if Sdat. Contr. Om. 1862,
L160 (Damani); liolh, J. f. O. 1666, p. 165 (Zool. Gwd.) i
yard, liirdi S. A/r. p. 3fiS (1857); Eyt. Syn. Anat. p. 119
(1869) ; Ayrei, IbU, 1871, p. 266 ; Boe. Joni. Ac. Sc. LUboa, 1871,
p. 279, 1872, P. 70.
FulLKula mariloides, Biytk {nee Yarrett), J. A. 8. B. lii. p. 180
(Cape of Good Hope) (1843) ; id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 386,
n. 1786(1849).
NvrocB camnsiB, PucAer. Bev. et Mag. Zvol. 1850, p. 548; Sartl.
'J./. O. 1855, p. 419.
Aythiacaperisia,/(p. amip*..Bm(f.xliii.p.G61,n.l41 (18fl6fi O. R.
Gr. Hand-li$t, iii. p. 86, d. 10U62 (1871); Gum. in Andent. B.
Damara-L., p. 342 (1872) ; Boc. Jam. Ac. So. Liiboa, 1873, p. 290 i
id. J. f. 0. 18711, p. 294 (ilosiamedes) ; id. On. Avg. p. 605
{\m\); Batl., Feild.^ Beid,Zoolog.\m2,-p.A'2H{'Sa.\ii.)i Biiboit,
BuU. Mu*. Rov. H. N. de Bdg. It. p. 150, n. 195 (Tanganyika)
(1886); KuKhet,J.f. O. Z895, p.Si (eitB).
Fuligula brunnea. Gum. Ibit, 1864, p. 365 (Natal) ; Sclal. List Verl.
An. 8th ei). p. 440 (1883) ; Saivad. Ann. Ma*. Civ. Gen. (2) i.
p. 248 (Shoft) (1884).
FiuipuU nyrocH, Vhapm. [nee GOldenfl.) Trav. in South Afr., App.
p. 4-J3 (1"868).
Fuligula meridionals, HarUrt, Kal. VogeUamml. p. 233, note
(1891).
Aythya capensis, ShelU;/, Ibit, 1894, p. 478 (Zomba).
Adult male. Head and upper part of the neck dark cbestnat
with a purple gluss, apper part of the head and nape darker, almoet
black ; lower nock blaok, changing into brown-black on the upper
parts ; mantle and scapulars finely speckled with pole brown ;
breast browu, clianging into glossy prc-jish brown on the ta\
43. HTBOCA. 358
4,6. <f $id.tlL Itio GoKMsa, W. AM(», Jan. Shelley Coll.
(Anckieta),
e. (f ad. St. DMnanrlaDd. C. J. Andenson, Esq.
A $ ad. ak. Damara-land. Tweeddale Coll.
€,/. (f $ ad. ak. S. Africa. Sir A. Smith [P.].
(Types of the speciea.)
^. $ ad. ak. Reit Pan, Rhenoater R., J. H. Gurney, Esq.
Cape Colony, May (T, [P.].
Ayres),
k. ^ ad. ak. Port Natal (Ayres), Shelley Coll.
u 2 juv. sk. Natal. Eytun ColL
Jb. $ ad. ak. Newcastle, Natal, Sept. Capt. S. G. Reid [P.].
I. <^ ad. sk. Transvaal (T. Ayres). Tweeddale Coll.
111,11. cf $ ad. sk. Transvaal (T. Ayres), Shelley Coll.
o. dad.ak. Near Potchefstroom (7\ J. H. Gurney, Esq.
Ayres), [P.].
/».[$] ad. sk. Marico. F. A. Barrett, Esq.
[P.].
g. S ad. sk. 2^mbesi. Dr. Bradshaw [CJ.
r, a, f . d $ ad. et Zomba R., Nvassa-land, H. H. Johnston, Esq.,
$ ? sk. May, June {A! Whyte), C.R [P.].
9. Nyroca nationi.
Fuligula nationi, SclaL 8f Salv. P. Z. S, 1877, p. 622 (Lima) ; Sclat.
P. Z, S. 1878, p. 477, pi. xxxii. ; Garrod^ I. c. p. 479 (trachea) ;
Tacz. Om. PSr. iii. p. 484 (1886) ; ? MacFarL Ibis, 1887, p. 203
(Arica and Mollendo) ; Berl, <$• Stolzm. P. Z. S. 1892, p. 899.
Type, Very similar to the male of N, brunnea^ but the brown
ooloor of the underparts apparently a little more reddish.
Ancfther specimen, marked male, cannot be distinguished from
some adult males of N, hrunnea !
I belieye both specimens mentioned below to be males, and
althoug^h similar to those of the African N, brunnea, I refrain
for the present from uniting iV. nationi with the African species,
and prefer waiting for the reception of additional South-American
specimens.*
* NtuOCA EKmiROPIITHALMA.
Anas erythrophthalina. IVied, Beitr. iv. p. 929 (Villa de Belmonte,
S. Braxil) (1832); J Hartl. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 119 (Brazil) (1844) t;
Bp. Compt. Bend, xliii. p. 649, n. 73 (1856); Burm. Si/st. Uebers.
Thiere Bras. iii. p. 438 (1856) ; Peh. Om. Bras, p. 460 (1870) ; G. B.
Gr. Hand-list, iu. p. 82, n. 10653 (1871); Gieb. Thes. Oni. i. p. a'H)
(1872) ; Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 319 (type) ; Sclai. # Salv. P. Z. S. 1876.
p. 899 (note) ; Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H. ii. p. 269 (types) (1889).
Only known from the types in the American Museum of Natural History in
Kew York ; thuiks to Mr. Allen, these, after my departure from London, were
■enl for inspection to Mr. SaWin. who writes to me as follows: —
*'Tbe types of Ana» rrythrophtkaima, Wied, are in old worn and faded
t Dr. Hartlanb writes to me that the specimen attributed by him to this
in 1844 is no longer in the Brsman Museum.
TOL.ZZTII. 2 k
354 iSATiDX.
The only apecimena known of N. witioni are those mentioned
below, and I do aot koow whether those mentioned by MaoFarlane
really belong to thia apecioa.
Hab. Vicinity of Lima, Peru.
a. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Prof. Nation).
6. (T ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Prof, yation).
e. Trachfawith Lima, Peru [Prof. Nation).
bulla oaaea.
SHlvia-Oodmsn Coll.
(Type of specips.)
SnlviD-Oodman Coll.
Salvin-Oodman Coll.
45. FULIQULA. _
Type.
Fuligula, Stph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 187 (1824) (cf.
Simdev. Metk. nat. Av. diip. Tent. p. 148) F. fuligula.
Plntypun, pt., Brehm, Lthri. d. Natarg. Ew. Vog. ii.
pp. 805. 999 (1824) (mc Shaw, 1793).
FuliT, Suwten. Kongl. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 8tockh. 1836,
p. 129 (1836) (=PIittypu8 and Hydrobatea); Baird,
B. N. Am. p. 790 (1858) F. fuligula.
Mariln, Bp. Compt. Bend, xliii. p. 661, gen. 48 (1S56)
{nee Reknh. 1852) F. raarila.
KettarioD,Bairrf,B.JV.^OT. p. 790(1868) F. fuligula.
Raw/e. Northern Heraiaphere and New Zealandian subregion.
Key to the SpeMa.
a. Speculum white, tipped with black.
a'. Back and acapulare in adult males grejiah
white, irreguliiTly waved or zigta^ed with
black; no distinct crest ^ abdomeu white.
a". Head, oeck, and cheat uDiform black, the
L
if'. No pendent occipiUl crest ; abdomen
diuky, waved wilh blnck and white
irreeuUr liae^ in adult make noca wilandia, .
b. S^idum bliiiah giey; head, nock, and chest [p. 3
collar of chestnut eoUarit, p. 370.
1 . TnlignTft irmriln..
Tlw Scaup.
Fuligula gasneri, Sai/, Si/n. p. 142, A. 6 (1713).
Glaudum minas striatum, Briai. Om. vi. p. 416 (1760).
Anas mania, itmt. S. X. i. p. 190, n. 8 (1706) ; Om. S. y. i. 2,
p. 509, n. 8 (1788) ; ZnfA. InH. Om. il. p. 853, n. 64 (1790) ;
Bonn. Em. MHh. \. p, lSi> (1790) ; Lath. Tf. Linn. Soc. iv. p. IIS
tab, nr. S, 3. 4 (tracbsa) (1796) ; Pall Zotxr. Souo-At. ii. p. 248
(1811); Tmm. Man. dOrn. p. 562 (1815); LraeA, Cat. p. 39
(1816) i VifilL y. D. V. p. 137 (1816) ; Dum. Diet. Se. yat. vi,
p. 374 (1817); Temm. Man. 2nd ed. ii. p. 865 (1820); Lickt.
Ven. Dmbl. p. 86 (leelund; Cyprus) (1823); Lett. Tr. aOrn.
P.6S2 (part.) (1831); Tfmm. Man. 2Dd ed, It. p. 545 (1840);
SdUtg. iUv. Cnt. p. cu (1844) ; JVaum, Viig. DtuUcU. jql p. 88,
Taf. 311 (1844); Pdul.J./.O. 1853, p. 242 (Lapland); Brelm,
J.f. 0. 1854, p. 84 (Egypt) ; Midd. Sibir.Seit. u. 2, p. 238 (1853) ;
MiiU. J.f. 0. 186-5, p. 232 (Provence) ; Xrupcr, NaumanTua, 1857,
p. 44 (Iceland) ; Kita. Denhc. iL pp. 313, 378. 401 I185S); Blot.
m JVoBW. Vay. DeuhcU. liii. 2, p. 312 (1860); Pnew. Pufaeh.
Uuur.n.iW(lS70)iSomq/er,J./.0. 1870, p. 433 (E. Siberia) ;
GuA. Tht4. O™. i. p. 3511 (part.) ( 1872).
f Anas eubterrauaa, Scop. Ann. I. Hitt. yat. p, 67, n. 83 (1789) '.
Scaup Duck, Fenn. Brit. Zo,J. ii. p. 686, d. 276, pi. 100 (1776);
LatA. Sipi. iii. 2. p. 500, a. 49 (1785).
Hillouinan, D'Aubent. PI. Eni. 1002; Buff. UUl. yat. Oit. ix.
p. 229 (1783).
Anas (renala, i^rrm. Mm. Carh. t. 38 (2) (1786); Bonn. Enc.
Mitk. i. p. 144. pi. 31. f. 2 (1790); VieiU. N. 1). «. p. 109
(=n»rila2)(181fl).
Nyroca marlU, FUm. P&il. of Zool. ii. p. 260 (1823) ; id. Brit. An.
p, 122 (1828),
Aythya marila, Bwe, /«», 1822, p. 604; Brelim. hit, \S30. p. 198;
id. rag. DfUlichl. p. 912 (1831) ; Bp. Cat. Met. Uct:. Eur. p. 73
(1812); FritKk, J.f. O. 1872, p. 371 (Bohemia); Sl^. BuU.
" bill plumbeoua, like the legi ; irii r«d, pnler
Hob. VaU de BelmouiG, 6. Bruil.
It iMinu oitrenwlj iikelv thnt the Braiilian JV, frsthrophfhalma (Wied), the
Ferurian .V. nalvnu. and the African N, brimiua are ono and the tanie ipecica,
wbicb will bale to stand under the name af N. rrpfhrophlialiiui, coranioii to
Sontb A/rioa and South America ; the cue would be aimjlar U> thai of Dtudro-
q/ma viduala and D./alva. which are alw) fouud is
M ntonding eieu to India,
Cf. Naoroann (T. D. »i. p. 88, note), who decidedly jtates ijial S™poli'«
U.S. Xat. Mux. no. 29, p. 160 (Bering I) (188.5); id. Pr. U.S.
Nat. Mu». X. p. 137 (Bering I., and Copper 1.) (1887).
Anas marina {errort P), Drap. Diet. Class. H. N. iii. p. 136 (1823).
Fuligula marila, Stepk. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 108 (1824) ; Savi, Om.
7W. iii. p. 123(1831); Jen. Man. -p. 2^ (iSS5) ; Oould, B.Eur.
V. rd. 371 (1837); £yt. Mm. Anat. p. 156 (1838); Bp. Oomp.
Hit, p. 68, n. 425 (18^) ; r.>. Zool. Voy. Blossom, p. 37 (1839) ;
Etys. ^ Bbu. Wirbflth. Ew. pp. IxMvii, 230 (1840) ; Setyi-L.
Faun. Bdg. p. 145 (1842) ; MacgiUiv. Man. Om. ii. p. 188 (1842) ;
Hartl. Ven. GfS. Mm. p. 120 (1844) ; G. E. Gr. List B. Mr. Mut.
iii. p. 143 (1844) ; id. Gen. S. iii. p. 621, a 3 (1845) ; Rcimi.
&n. vie, Natatore9.t. 76.11.131-133(1845); i^. Cat.Hodgs.CoiL
B. M. p. 147 (Nepal) (1848) ; Dfgl. Om. Eur. ii. p. 453 (1849) ;
Blytk, Cat. B. Mas. A. S. B. p. 806, n. 1787 (1849); Lichl.
Nomencl. Ae. p. 102 (1864); Wallengr. Nautnannia, 1854,
p. 274; Hetigl &/st. Uebers. n. 702 (%jpt) (1856); SwinA.
Ibi», 1860. p. 67 (China); Powgs, ibid. p. ^54 (Livitarza);
fSeinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 13 (Greenland); Sminh. Ibis, 1861,
p. 345 (N. China), 1862, p. 254 (Foochow), 1863, p. 434 (Formosii) ;
id. P. Z. S. 180.1, p. 324; G. R. Gr. LiU Br. S. p, 199 (1863);
id. Cat. Botfys. CoU. B. M. 2nd ed. p. 77 ( 1863) ; Jerd. B. of Ind.
iii. p. 814 (1864); Tristr. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 464 (PalestiQc);
Nordm. J./.O. 1864, p. 379 (FinUnd and Lapland); Drotie,
ibid. p. 428 (Borkum) ; Srhltg. Mut. P.-B., Anseres, p. 26 (Japan)
(1866) ; WhiUly, Ibis, 1867, p. 208 (Hakodadi) ; Dfgl. Om. Eur.
ii. p. 636 (1867) ; Triitr. lbi», 1883, p. 328 (Paleatine) ; Drosfe.
Vogetw. Borkum, p. 206 (1869) ; Gould, B. Gr. Brit. v. pi. 34
(pt ivi., 1869) : Broste, J. f. 0. 1868, p. 347 (Faroe) ; Eltces .$■
Muckl. Ibis, 1870, p. 340 (Macedonia) : G. JR.. Gr. Hand-liU. iii.
p. 86, n. 10686 (part.) (1871) ; SkrH. B. of Egypt, p. 290 (1872) ;
Couet, Key, p. 288 (1872) ; Taa. J./. O. 1873, p. 110 (Darasun) ;
Covet, B. A'.- West, p. 673 (paM.) (1874) ; Blanf. East. Pert. ii.
p. 302(CaBpiftn) (1876); Srsb. ^ H.-Bratcn, Ibi>. 1876, p. 445
46. TULxevLA. 357
F\§tmm uMriluy Br^km, Lehrb. NeOwrg. eur. VSg. ii. p. 880 (18S4).
AytbTft kUndica, i^^wAfli, /«w, 18S0, p. gge, n. 1 ; id. Vog. DaOaM.
p. §11 (1881).
Ajthra kuconotos, ^r0^ Im, 18S0, p. 998, n. 3 : tdl Vog.DeuUM,
p. 913 (1831).
Foliffala gemeri, ^yf. Cat, Br. B, p. 58 (1836) ; Jard, Br. Birds, 'vr.
p. 138, pL 6 (1837) ; Wright, Ibis, 1869, p. 264.
FiUigula marina, 8w, Class. B. ii. p. 368 (1836).
Faligula marilla, But. Mon. Anat. p. 156 (1838) : id. Syn. Anat.
p. 114 (1869).
Platypus marila, SchUJing, J.f. 0. 1853, p. 378.
Faligula islaodica, Brehm, Vogdf. p. 381 (1855) ; id. Nautnanma,
1855, p. 298.
Faligula leuconotos, Brehmy Vogelf. p. 381 (1855) ; id. Naumannia,
1855, p. 298.
Marila mnata, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 651, n. 135 (1856) ; Locke,
Cat. Mamm. et Ois. AlgSr. p. 144 (Lake Halloula) (1858).
Fulix marila, Cass. Pr. Acad. Philad. 1802, p. 322 (Loo-choo 1.) ;
Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 297 (1866) ; O. R. Gr. Hand-list, iii.
p. 86, n. 10686 (part.) (1871 ) ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 419 (China
and Formosa) ; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 367, 1876, p. 457 (Hakodadi; ;
Heugl. Om. N.O.-Afr. ii. 2, p. 1339 (1873); Stoinh. Ibis, 1875,
p. 456 (Hakodadi) ; David 4" Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 607 (1877) ;
Radde, Omis Caucas. p. 462 (1884) ; Tacz. P. Z. JS. 1888, p. 460
(Corea) ; Sharpe, Cat. Osteol. Specim. Coll. Surg. iii. p. 306 (1891).
Anas (Fuligula) marila, Radde, Reis. 8. O.-Sibir. ii. p. 376 (Baikal)
(1863).
Platypus marila, Dgb. ^ Parr. J.f. O. 1868, p. 339 (Dauria).
Hybrids.
Fuligula marila X Nyroca leucophthalma, Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed.
p. 440 (1883).
FiQigula marila xF. nyroca, Leverk. J.f. O. 1890, p. 22{).
Fuligula marila xClangula glaucion, lieverk. J.f. O. 1890, p. 226.
North America (F. nearctica).
Fuligula marila, Bp. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. p. 393 (part.) (1826) ; Bp.
£k/n. p. 392 (18^) ; Ste. <J- Rich. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 453 (part.)
(1831); NuU. Man. ii. p. 437 (part.) (1834); Bp. Comp. List,
p. 58, n. 389 (part.) (1838) ; Aud. B. Am. vii. p. 356, pi. 498
(1843) ; Giraud, B. Long Isl. p. 321 (1844) ; Be Kay, N. Y. Zool.
ii. p. 323 (1844); G.R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 143
(specim. h) (18U) ; Denny, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 40 ; ? Cass. U.S.
Expl. Exp., Mamm. 8f Om. p. 343 (Oregon) (1868); Wied,
J. f. O. 18o9, p. 170 ; Heerm. P. R. R. Rep. x. pt. iv. p. 70 (1859) ;
U^edd. <S- Hurdis, Natural, in Berm. pp. 49, ^ (1869) ; ? Reinh.
Ibis, 1861, p. 13 (Greenland); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 86,
n. 10686 (part.) (1871); Coues, Key, p. 289 (1872); id. Check-
list, n. 600 (1873) ; id. Birds N.- West, p. 673 (i)art.) ( 1874) ; Sclat.
4- Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 35)9 (Mazatlan) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880,
p. 525 (part.); Coues, Check-list, 2nd ed. p. 114, n. 720 (1882);
Brandt, J.f O. 1891, p. 268 (Sitka).
Falix mania, Baird, B- N. Am. p. 791 (1858) ; id. Cat. N. Am. B.
n. 588 (1859) ; Bryant, Pr. Bost. Soe. N. H. vii. p. 122 (Bahamas)
(1860) ; Cbap. 4* SuekL N. H. Wash. Terr. p. 258 (1800) : Bo$$,
Canad. Natural. April 1862 ; Blakisi. Ibis, 1863, p. 147 (Brit. N.
Am.); I^mt. /M, 1806, p. 48 (Tezaa) ; ?Br9wnjlhi$,m»,^4S6
(VenGOiiTer) i DaU ^ Batm. Tr. Chic. Aead. i. p. 398 (1869) ;
AOat, BuS. Mta. Comp. 2o6i. iii. p. 183 (Kfuuu emd UUb) (1872) ;
Stiatti,B.Kaia.^.\\ (1873); Zowr, Mem. Sort. SocW. J. ii. p. 316
(MuatUa) (1874) ; Rydgvi. Nommcl. X. Am. B- a. 614 (1681) ;
B., B., ^ Jt. Water-B. N. Am. ii. p. 18 (part.) (1884) ; Cona,
Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 701, n. 720 (part.) (1884); NtkrC
J.f. 0. 1885, p. 147 ; MaUclue ^ Zumer, ibid. p. 101 (BBring Sea),
P FuLfnila mariloidee, Witd (mc Vig.), J.f. O. 1859, p. 176 (Mi»-
souri).
Anu mftrila, MaH. J. f. O. 1869, p. 221 (Bennuda) ; WaOer, IbtM,
1860, p. 166 (Godhavn, Greenland); Gi^. Thei. Om. i. p. 366
(1872).
Ajthva marila nearetica, Sltjn. BuU. U.S. Hal. Miu. no. 29, p. 161
(1685) i A. 0. U. CheeMUt N. Am. B. p. 119, n. 148 (1886) ;
Tumtr, CoTttr. N. H. Alaska, p. 133 (1886) ; Nektm, Nat. Bid.
Coil, in Ataika, p. 71 (1887) ; Eidgw. Man. JV. Am. B. p. 103
(■1887); Richmond, Auk, 1888, p. 19 (Mt. Vernon, Columbia);
MtrriU, ibid. p. 142 (Oregon); Schahv, J.f. 0. 1891, p. 268;
Satth, B. o/Mirma. p. 58 (1802) ; Mackay, Auk, 1894, p. S25.
Fuliguia mania nearctica, HarUrt, Eat. Vogeliamml. p. 232 (1891).
EaiUm Alia (F. mariloideB).
Fnligula marila. Vig. Zool. Votf. 'Bloitom,' p. 81 (1839).
Fnlifpila mariloides. Via. Zool. Voy. 'Blouom,' p. 31 [in text) (18S9) ;
O. S. Or. Gen. B. iii. p. 621, n. 4 (part.) (1844) ; Cam. Pr. Ac
PhUad. 1862, p. 322 (Loo-choo I.) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 812
(Zool. Oard.) ; Sioinh. Ibit, 1877, p. 147 ; David <$- Ou*t. Ota.
Chine, p. 608 (1877) ; Vian, BuU. Soc. Zool. Fr. iii. p. 61 (1878) :
Blakia. ^ Pryer, Ibit, 1878, p. 216 (Yeio); Sdat. P. Z. S. 1880,
p. 526 ; BdtniB. Om. Centralbl. 1882, p. 5 ; id. VSg. tool. Oart.
p. 46 (1882); Sctat. Zitl Vert An. Sth ed. p. 440 (1883); SXytm,
Ibi*, 1891, p. 497.
Fulix mariloidee, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1673, p. 412 (Ningpo) ; id. IHa,
1875, p. 467 (Hakodadi) ; Blak,,it. fr Pryer, Tr. A,. Soc. Japan, i.
45. vvLiucui. 359
neck, snd breast brown ; upper parts dark browii, the back and
BcapuJarB slightly vermiculated with whit« ; underporls white below
the breast ; flaaka brown, more or less verm ioulat*d with white;
vent a,uA under tail-coverts dark brown, slightly vennlculated with
while ; wiogs duller and browner than in the male, the upper
wing-coverta much less vermicnlated with white : bill and l^;s
darker than in the male. Size aomewhat less.
Yotmg male has the white at the base of the bill like the adult
female, but it is of a darker and richer colour.
Matt in first nvptial drtM has leas green metallic gloss on tho
head and neck ; the black breast-feathers have white margins ; tho
black under tail-coverts are more or less vermiculated ; in the ver-
micnlations of tho lower mantle, scapulare, and wing-coverte the
dark brown predominates orer the white.
Male* in moulting pliiniatjf closely refiemble adult females.
Tount/ tn down closely resemble those of the Tufled Duck (Sa-
hohm) : " crown, nape, and upper parts uniform dark olive-brown ;
throat, sides of the head, and fore part of the neck yellowish white ;
a dolt greyish band crosses the lower neck, rest of the nnderparts
dull yellowish, the flanks greyish yellow ; upper mandible blackish,
tooth of the beak yellowish ; under mandible yellow " ( Dretstr).
According to Dr. Stejneger, the American form (nraredea) has
the pnmaries, from the fourth quill, with a grejish — not white —
area ou the inner web. I must confess that I have not been able
to appreciate the difference. Also the Eanl-ern Asiutio birds are
considered by the American ornithologists to belong to a distinct
form, allied to F. nj^'iw, but differing in having the "sis inner
primaries with a distiuct white space on inner weha as in F. mnrila."
The Chioese and Japanese birds examined by me, and among
them are those mentioned and described by Swinhoe as biJonging
to F. mariloidu, Vig., are not conetautly smaller than tiie Western
birds (marila) ; sometimes they ore intermediate between Ime
F. marila and F. affinij, not only in siic, but also in the colour of
the head, which shows some purple reflections. Are these fpeciracns
hybrids ?
fftifi, PalEearctic llepion, from Iceland to Kamt-schatka, breeding
in the Arctic Begion as far north as lat. 70° ; winters sparingly in
the basin of the Mediterrauean, but (to my knowledge) not reaching
Abyssinia, as stated by Mr. Seebobm ; it winters also in the basins
of the Black 8ea and Caspian ; rare in Northern India ; winters on
Lake Baikal, China, Formosa, and Japan.
Tho Scaup inhabits also the Nearctic Region, breeding far north-
ward ; southwards in winter to Guatemala.
a. ,S ad. «k.
£. S ad. ak.
A 9 ad. sk.
No locnlitv.
Tiree, Scotland, Aug.
Rnh of Forth. Scotland,
Jan. (E. O. W. R.)
Yarmouth, Norfolk.
Walberswich, Korfulk. Feb.
( H'. TyhT).
Tweeddale Coll.
Colonel Irbv [P.],
Tweeddftle toll.
Clark Kennedy, Esa.
[CI.
Seebohm Coll.
360
y. A. rf 2 «l. A,
i,k. as ad.A.
I. $ ad. St.
m. $ ad. St.
n. cf ad. sk.
0. rf Rd. at.
}>. (} ad. sk.
?, r. cJ S ad. St.
>. £ Bd. sk.
u. (Jjuv.sk.
^--■.<J$»d.,imra.,
ft', C. 5 9 sd.ik.
Beccles, Norfolk, Dec. (7".
£. Gunn).
Cambridge Market, Not.
SomeroetshiTe.
Hampshire.
Kingsbury Reservoi
Salvia-Godmau CoU.
Purchased.
Earl of Cawdor [P.].
Monta^ Coll.
Montagu CoU.
J. E. Hartiiig, Esq.
[P.].
Dr. O. Fitweh [P.].
Old Coll.
Hume Coll.
Langiurskaja, Ob, Sept.
Uurgaon, Delhi, March ( W.
If. Chill).
Amoy, China, Jan (S. Smn- Seebohm Coll.
Aoe).
Amoy, winter.
Ningpo, ChiuB, Oct. {B.
Sicittkiie).
Hakodadl, Japan, April,
g", a; r. tf ad. sk.
e, r. (J S ad. ek.
m'-j'. J J imm.
et pull. ak.
r'. $ ad. ek.
«'. a ad. sk.
('. 2 ad. sk.
u". cJ ad. sk.
Yokohama. Japan, Dec, (S.
Nagasaki, Japan, Feb.
N. America.
St Michael's, Alaska, June,
Aug.,Oct.(£. W.Ndton).
Brit. Coluoilaa.
Vancouver's Island.
Canada.
F. Ringer, Esq. |T.].
^.
Salvin-Oodman Coll.
J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.l
J. K. Lord, Esq. f.].
Uovemment ol
-to. FtruciLA. 801
J. f. O. \m-2, p. 207 (Jamaica) ; SchUy. Mut. P.-B.. A Dserea, p. '2S
(1866) (sccideDtal in UoUaEd!); Dqrf. ^ Gerbr. Oni. Eur. ii.
p. 638 (J867); Turab. B. E. Pa. p. 36 (18H1)); Sah. P. Z. S.
IfiTO, p. 219 (CMtillo, Veragua) ; Couts, Key, p. 29tf (1872) ; id.
C3teek-iiM, n. 601 ( 1873J : id. Bvdi A'.- H>*(, p, 573 (1674) i Sclat. ^
SalB. P. Z. 8. 1S70, p. 391! ; Tian, Bull. Soe. Zool. Fr. lii. pp. 69,
80 (18761; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1880. p. 626; C&ry, B. Bahama I.
L167 (1880); Cmu», Chtck-IM, 2ad ed. p. 114,11.721 (1882);
0. Cat. B. Sirkkl. VoU. p. 537 (1882); B. O. TJ. Li*l Brit. B.
p. 180 (1883) ; Hard. J. f. 0. 1883, p. 282 (Alaska) ; Saund.
YarrtWi Hint. Brit B. it, p. 427 (1884-8.'i) ; SeebA. Hia. Brit.
B. iii. pp. 680, elO ( 1886) ; Cory, Lid B. W. Ind. p. 31 (1885) ;
TrWr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 48 (1869); Jtartert, Knl. Vtmelmmmt.
S232 (Meiicol (1891); ? Aiiania, J. f. 0. 1802, p! 42S {S.
olland).
F Anas marila, It Orb. (itec Zinn.) in La Sagra'i Hiit. Niti. Cub.,
0,>,p.295 (1840).
Fulipila minor, BcU, Pr. Ac. PkOad. i. p. Ul (1642) ; Oiravd, B.
ionyW. p. 323(1844).
Ajthya manlaides, part., Bp. Cat. MH. Uce. Ew. p. 73 (1842).
Anaa marila americoDH, Schlig. Bet. Crit. p. cut (1844).
Fuliirula mariloidrs, G. S. Gr. (nrt Viff.) Gen. B. lii. p. 621, n. 4
(1844); Bdmb. {nee Vig.) ttm. ^v, NatBtorea. t. 80. ff. 2756-67
(1860) (ex Aftdubon) ; CW. 4" ftm*. /./ 0. laW, p, 230 (Ouba) ;
Wied,J.f. O. 1861), p. 178; Gundl. J.f. O. 18(12, p. 92 (Cuba),
1871. p. 290; Eeu, ^monym. cur. Brule, u. Gditt, p. 131 (1972) ;
Adam», Ibit, 1878. p. 432 (Micbalaaki).
Pulisrula melaaocephala. Licit. XomencL Ac. p. 102 (Mexico)
(iM.
Mniiln ajfinix, Bp. Cnnpt. Rend, xliii. p. 651, n. 136 (kth. eraend,)
(1856).
Fuli« atfioifl, Sairit. B. K. Am. p. 791 (1858) ; id. Cat. N. Am. S.
n. 580 (IS.'iO); ? A. ^ E. Sevjt. Jbu. 1869, p, 366 (SI. Croix) ;
Wheat. Ohio Agrir. Rep. 1800. n. 260 ; OkjkU. J. f. O. 1861,
S340; Cow* Sf Print. &nitAi. Eep. 1861, p. 417; Boardm. Pr.
Brf. Soc. iv. p. 120 (1862) ; Vrrr. Pr. Ei$. Irul. iii. p. 159 (1882) ;
Btaldit. Ibi», 1863, p. 147 (Nelson River) ; Mareh, Pr. Aead.
Phiiad. 1861, p. 71 (Jamaica); AUm^ Pr. Ett. Intt. ir. p. 88
(1864); Mellnr. ibid. v. p. 9S (1866); Herm. m J>rei$. Ibit.
1666, p. 43 (Teifu); GunM. Bfpert. i^.-A'aC. Cuba, i. p. 390
(1866) ; Imvr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. yiii. p. 297 (1«J6) ; A'nrf. P. Z. 8.
1867, p. 167 (egg) ; Coat, Pr. Botl. Soc. xii. p. 129 (1868) ; lit
Pr. Em. Ind. v. p. 200 (1868) ; Laior. Ann. Luc. X. Y. ix. p. 143
(Costa Rica) (1608), p. 210 (Yucatan) (1869) ; Dail ^ Bann.
Tr. CWc. vJcorf. i. p. 298 (Vuion, breeding) (1809): SWr. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 218 (Venigua) i JItayn. Gui.&, p. 148 (1870); Couei, Pr.
At. liHad. 1871, p. 37 ; Allen. BuU. Mm. Comp. Zool. ii. p. 363
(part) (1871): G. E. Gr. Hand-lUt, iii. p. 86, n. 10687 (eyn.
emwd.) (1877); Aiken, Pr. BoU. Soe. xv. p. 210(1872); Snow,
S. Kant.a. 11 (1873) ; Selat. ^ Sidv. Kommel Ae. Neotrop. p, 130
(1873); Laar.Mem. Bo»(.&k?. A'.-H. ii,p.375 (Maiatlan) (1874);
OiMdl. J. /. O. 1874, p. 314 (Porto Rico). 1876, p. 382 (Cuba),
1878. p. 190 ; id. An. Sc. Eip. HitC. Nat. vii. p. 406 (Porto Rico)
(1876) ; Ridme. Nom. N. Am. B. n. 615 (1881) ; Court, Key N.
Am. B. 2inr ed. p. 701 (1884) ; It., S.. * B. WaUr-B. N. Am.
ii. p. 22 (1884); S'ehrl. J. f. O. ]886, p. 147 (Dliooia); Siarpe,
Cat. Otfeoi. Spevim. Coll. Surff. iii. p. 305 (1891).
.\DaB llffini^ Gieb. Tin. Om. I p. 343 (1872).
Nrraca affiuis, A. & E. A'ewt. Haadb. Jam. p. 113 (1881).
AHbj* aBma, Step,. S«a. U.S.Nat, tfw, no. 29, p. 161(1886);.^.
O. U. CftedWirt N. Am. B. p. 119, n. 149 (1886) [ NeUon, NaL
Sift. CoU. m Alatka, p. 71 (1887); JUdgw. Man. N. Am. B.
p. 103 (1887); Co™, ^ui, 1888, p. 65; HatcA, B. of MiriHet. v- 00
(1892); Oiapm. BuU. Am. Mut. N. H. vi. p. 83 (Trinidad)
(1894) ; Mmfcag, Auk, 1894, p. 226.
Ftiligula marila, tu. affinia, i>uAow, Faun. Vert. Btlg., OU. ii.
p. 468 (1892).
Fulignlii affinig X F. valianBria
p. 437; A.NtiDt.P.Z 8. 1
r F, americanft, Elliot, P. Z. S. 1859,
i9, p. 337.
Adult inaU. Similar to that of F. marila, but maob smaller, the
black of head and neck gliiesed with purple instead of green; the
back darker, the black markings oa the white granod being coarser
and broader ; tbe upper wing-coverts much less venniculated with
white ; the barring on tbe aides more distinct, and the longer
feathers of the flanks pale brown, Termicolated with black ; the
nnder tail-corerfB whitish, bat the lateral ones with a rtifoaB tinge,
all Termiculated with bUokish bars ; primaries blackish, without
whitish on the inner web, the latter being only a trifle paler than
the rest of the qniUs : bill blue, nail hlack. Total length about 16
inches, wing 8-2, tail 2-5, culmen 1-75, tarsus 1*15.
Female. Similar to that of F. marila, but smaller, the white on
tlie fore part of the head and chin more restricted ; the whit« and
brown barrings on the back and scapulare coarser ; the pale brown
on the breast paler and not bo distinctly defined from the white of
the underparts ; barrings on the sides and flanks coarser.
Hah. North A.merica in general, breeding northward, south in
winter to G)aat«mala and West Indies.
o',
et laini. tk.
cf,
,«■-
J»d.8k.
/■
A'.
^
<J imm. et
UV. 8k.
Bd. 8k.
45. PVLiauLA.
303
TArnon Springs, Fliirida, Sa]vin-Oi>dmu] CoU.
Nov., Dec. (IT. £. D.
Scott).
Zacatoras, Mexico, June ( W. Salvin-Godman Coil.
S. RiehardMi-i).
Duenaa, Guatemalit. Nov. Salvin-Godm&D Coll.
(O. S.).
Due
, GusUmala, 9
Costilla, Veragiia (Aret).
H. J. ElwBS, Esq.
[P.],
Suvin-Godnum Coll,
«ri. t 1 (rf juv.). 2 (?)
3. Fnli^a, fali^la.
The Tufted Duck.
Anas cristata, Say, Sffti. i
GlMucium, Briu. Orn. vi
(1760).
Glaudum minus. Briu. Oni. vi. p. 411, pi. ixsvii. f. 1 (1760).
? Anna latirostra, Briian. Orn. Bor. p. 21, a. 91 (1764).
Anas tuligula, Linn. S. N. i. p. 207. n. 45 (1766) {ex Getwr) ; Seop.
Am. I. Silt. An/, n. 78 (1760) ; Om. 3. A', i. 3, p, 543, n. 45
(1788); laih. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 868, D. 80 (1790); Bonn. Etc.
mth. i. p. 160 (1791) 1 Lath. Tr. Linn. Soc. iv. p. 117 (trachea)
(1798); RiU. Zooyr. Bomo-A: ii. p. a65(18Il); Temm. Man.
dOm. p. 568 (1815); VieiU. N. D. v. p. 128 (1816); Dum. Diet.
fie. iVaf. Tip. 374(1817); Ttmm. Man. ({Om.-2nA ed.ii.p.873
(1820); Licht. Verx. Ihu/J. p. 85 (Siberia) (1823); Bam. El. di
««>/. iii. pt. iji. p. 128 (1826) ; £<«. Tr. .TOm. p. 032(1831) (sjm.
emend.) ; MMtr. Cat. Bau. Cauc. p. 58 (Bakou) (1832) ; £. E.
Abbott, P. Z. S. 1834, p. 134 (Trebizond) ; Temm. Man. 2nd ed. iv.
p. 647 (1840); Schleg. Eev. Crit. p. Mut (1844); yaim. Vog.
Beuiteld. xti. p. 64, Taf. 310 (1B44) ; Ttmni. ^ Schleg. Fmtn. Jap.,
Ara, p. 128 (1850) ; Midd. Sibir. Bag. ii. 2, p. 237 (1863) ; Fouler,
J.f. 0. 1853, pp. 242, 244, 318 (LapUnd), 1864, p. 380 (Danria) ;
Balk, J. /. O. 185S, p. 305 (Spain), 1856, p. 232 (Provence) ;
Kittl. Denkwurd. ii. p. 313 (1868) ; P Walker, Ibu, 1860, p. 166
(Godhavn); Heual. J. f. O. 1862, p. 287; Homey. J.f. 0.1870,
p. 433 (E. Siber.) ; GiA. Tha. Om. i. p. 352 (1872) ; " * "
Stfiw. iii. p. 229,pl. ci. '■■^°-- •" — '■■-' '-'■''■
p. 27 (Banian) (1890).
Anatra col ciuffo, Gerini, Star, degli Uee. v. tov. 591, 592 (1776).
Anae clang^a ibem., Gerini, Star. degU lice. tav. 694 (1776).
Tufted Duck, Penn. Brit. Zuol. ii. n.274 (1776); Lath. Sm. iii. 2,
p. 540, n. 79 (1785).
Aau leucotia, Berm. Tab. Aff. An. p. 161 (1783) ; id. Obserc. Zool.
p. 144(18041.
Moiillon, D'Aitbent. PI. Enl. 1001 ; Buff. nia. N<tl. Oii. ix. pp. 227,
231, pi. 15(1783).
P Lapmark Duck, Penn. Arct. Zool. ii. p. f>76 (1786).
Aaaa daudon, Bimn, (nee Linn.) Enc. Mfth. \. p. 149, pi. 33. f. 3
(1791) ; Dum. Diet. Sc. Nat. ri. p. 875 (1817).
Atuu cotymluti, Fidl Zongr. Eouo-At. ii. p. 266 (1811).
Anas cri8lat*.i>ncA (nMGni.),.^«(.C<tf. AT ^^B.^BrifiM. p. 30(1816).
Njroc* fnlifnda, /Vem. Phil, of Zool. iL p, 260 (1822) ; id. Brit. An.
p. 122 (1828),
Aythja fuligula. Bole, Im, 1822. p. 664 ; Brekm, 2m, 1830, p. 908;
id. rUg. Deut»rU. p. 914 (1831); Stejn. BaU. U.S. Nat. Mm.
no. 29, p. 160 (KamUchatka, Bering [.) (1886) ; IMffw. Man. N.
; Boml. Om.
Am. B. p. 103 (1887) ; Syn. Pr. U.H. Nat. Mut. x. p. 137 (1887)
(CommiindeT 1.).
FiUigula cristBta, SUph. Gm. Zool. xn. S, p. 190 (1824) (a^n.
emend.) ; Savi, Om. Tosc. iii. p. 1.11 (1831) ; Suka. P. Z. «. 1832,
p. 170, n. 223 (Diikkun) ; Gould, B. Eur. v. pL 370 (1837) : E>it.
jtfon. .,47i<i(. p. 159(BVD.emeiHl.), pl.8. f.6(stemum)(le38); Bp.
Comp. lilt, p. 58 (1838); K. * B. Wirbelth. Eur. pp. liiiT:i,
230 (1840) ; Jtrd. Madr. Jbttm. iji. p. •222, n. 390 (l&IO) ; £Wr,
P. Z. S. 1842, p. ft); Blifth, ibid. p. 04; l^riekt. ibid. p. 167
(China); Bp. Cat. .Vtt. Uec. Eur. p. 73 (1842); Harfl. f'en^ Get.
Mm. p. 121 (1844): G- R- Or. Gn. B. iii. p. 621, n. 1 (syn.
emend.) (1844) ; id. LUl B. Brit. Mw. iii, p. 142 (1844) ; RUpp.
Sutt. Ueben. p. 1-38, n. 499 (Abvwinio) (1845) ; Rehnb. Syn. Ar.,
Natntores, t. *6. if. 11»-123 (igifi) ; G. R. Or. Cat. Hodgi. CoB.
B. M. p. 147 (1846); Btytk, Cat. B. M«s. A. S. B. p. 306,
n. 1788 {1848) (dyn. emeDd.) ; Echtb. Ar. SyU. Nat. p, viii (1862) ;
Watlmgr. Kaumannia, 1854, p. 275 ; BoUe, J. f. O. 1856, p. 314
(Spain) : Bp. Compt. Eend. xtiii. p. 651, n. m (1856) • ; Beuffl.
Sutt. Ueberi. n. 703 (1856) ; Lochf, Cat. M. H O. Aigfr. p. 143
(1858) ; Antin. J. /. O. 1853, p. 484 (Smyrna) ; Sak. Ibit, 18.59,
p. 363 (Kzerta) ; SmnA. Ibit, I860, p. 07 (Auot) ; Trittr. Ibit,
1860, p. 81 (N, Africa) ; Pmcyt, ibid, p, 354 {Ion, li.) ; Simpi. ibid.
LSai (W. Gnwe); i BanA. Ihir, 1801, p. 14 (Greenlaad*);
!nh.Jbi», ' — "■■ ■ "■' "
1863, p. 434 (]
Sodit. CoU. B. M. 2Qd ed. p. 77 (18(3) ; Jerd. A o//b«. u..
876 (India) (1864) ; Tritle. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 454 (Palestine) ;
'onhn. J. f. O. 1864, p. 370 (Finland, Lapland) ; Droete, ibid.
p. 428 (Borkum) ; Schb'ff. Mvt. P.-B., Anscn-a, p. 28 (1866) ;
IV. 4- Gerbe, Om. Eur. ii. p. .5.33 (1867) ; Shrink. Ibit, 1867,
p 309 (Anioy)j Prsra-. Toy. a. 209 (1867); Hartl. * FittfA,
P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 4, 9 (Pelew Isl.) ; Triitr. Ibit, 1868, p. 328
(Falertine); Drake, Ibi*, 1869. p. 16 (Morocco); Sclat. P. Z. &
'""" 62« (brefdiinf) : Elirr* iy Biickl. llAn, 1870, p. ;*'"
' "■ """ ■— "' yjn,
fc
45.
ytir.
Bumt^ Marih.OameB. of Ind. Hi. V. '277, ni.ST [ISSO) ; Blakut.
^Prytr, Tr. Ai. &><^. Jap. viii. p, 168 (ISm), x. p. 09 (1882);
Bolmt.J./. O. 1881. p. W: Bchnw. Ont. Centralbt. 1882, p. o;
id. Vog. tool. Giirf. p. 45 {1«8:!) ; SrverU. Ibii, 18Cl3, p. 77 (Pftmir
H»n(re); B. O. U. List Br. B. p. 120 {18S3) ; Sclat. Lift Vert. An.
Btii ed. p. 439 (188.1) ; Taa. Bill. &>c. Zool. /V. 1883, p. 344
KamtDCbaUiii) : Bi/b. ^ Tatx. BhU. Soc. ZoaU Fr. 1884, p, 147 ;
Saltitd. Ann. Mui. Ch: Otn. (2) i. p. 247 (Shoo) (1884); Saimd.
YarrelTi Hut. Brit. B. iv. p. 430 (1884-85) ; See/,. Hill. Brit.
B. iu. ». 683, pi. 61 (egg) (1885) ; Eiiib. ih Sundeo. Smmka Fogt.
U, p. 1484, pi. licii. I. 3 (1880) ; Salvad. El. Uce. Itai. p, 284
(1886); Tait, Ibis, 1887, p. 377 (Portugal); Dorrin, J. f. 0.
1888, p, 9.^ (E. Siberia) ; Satead. Ann. Mut. Ciii. Gen. (2) n.
p. ^& (Shoft) (1888) ; Triitr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 46 (1869) ; EnertAt,
mt, 18S», p. 263 iBoroeo) ; Mchnic. J. f. O. 1890, pp. 8-% SI
Zajbrd, Col. Fig. Br. B. pt. xiii. pi. — (1800) ; ««*. B. Jap.
Emp. p. 355 (1890) ; E»am, Ibii, 1881, p. 73 (iocubiitiun) ; Sb/an.
ibid. np. 318, 497 (Lower Yangtse); Dub. Faan. Vert. Beta.,
OiM. ii. p, 465, pi. ^GO (1892).
PUtypua fuliguluB, BreAm, Lehrb. d. Naturg. *ur. C^. ii. p. 833
n'^) ; Pdttler, J.f. O. 18611. p. 87 ; Hiatz, J.f. O. 1861, p. 467,
1863, p. 430, WM, p. 97 (Pomerania).
Anas (Fuligula) fuligula, Lesi. Man. iTOrn. ii. p. 416 (1838).
Aythva criiiUta, BrtJim, Im, 1830, p. 008; H. Viig. Deal. p. 916 (1831).
Hoiillon des Mas Muiiitiines, Las. Tr. d'Ont. p. 633 (1831)
(Marianne Is., Q, Jj- «.) ' ; B<eher. ifc.-. tt Mas. ^ Zonl 1860,
p. 636 (juv. ap. iucogn.) ; UaHl. J.f. O. 185.5, p. 420 ; ir^ffewo.
.^HTiBjfyn. p.lM(189I).
Fulix fuIiKula, Sun(icK.(ubi?); LnBt«,(Efii. K. ret.-Ak. Fork. 1864,
p.3U;B.,B..^R.Wat.-B.N.Afn.a.p.l8(Ttoti>){l8i^);Q^l.Avi/.
Itai. p. 316, n. 307 (1886) ; Taa. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 460 (Cowa).
Fuligula vulgaris, Hodvi. in Gray'* Zool. Mite. p. 86, a. 373 (1844).
Fulinila fuliguk, LicAI. Nommel. An. p. 102 (1854) ; Barttrt. Kat.
r>pe/mmm/. p. 232(1891); id. Wis. 1892. p. 618 ; OjUett, Mindre
Mfdd. wdr. Norgei Fui,lrf. 1981-92. p. 274 (1894).
FuUgtila patngiata, Brihm, Voge(f. p. 381 (1665) ; it;. Xaiimannia,
1855, p. 298.
Nyroca lalirontris. Bp. Compt. Btnd. xliii. p. 667, n. 148 (1656) (ri
l.tston, lies Mariannes).
Anas (Fuliaula) ruligula, Schratek, Vag. Amurl p, 484 (I860) ;
Radde, Beit. S. O.-Sibir. ii. p. 376 (1883).
Anas arctica, " Ltik/i " [errorA, Degl, S^ Gerbe, Om. Eur. ii. p. 533
{in Sim. F. crielatre) (1867) ; Oitb. Tha. Om. i. p. 353 (in sun.
A. fuligulw) (1872).
Platypus fuiigiila, />vi. * Parr. J.f. 0. 1868. p. 339 (Dauria).
Fulix criBtata, SioinA. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 419 (China); Q. R. Or.
Band-lilt, iii. p. 86, n. 10684 (btd. emend.) (1871); David, N.
Arrii. Muf. Bull. vii. Cat. n. 453 (1871) ; Simnk. IU,, 1873,
p..«7; BeHffl. Om. N.O.-Afr. u. 2, p. 1336 (1873); Dmid ^
Outt. OiM. cm™, p. 608 (1877); Ptjev. in Sowtty'i Om. Miit. iii.
p. 106 (1878) (Alon^ilia); Jiaddt. Ormi Caucat. p. 461 (1884);
S/iarjK, Oi/. OnUol. Sptcim. Coll. Surg. iii. p. 305 (1891).
anemia (!) eristnta, Dre-^, IbU, 1876, p. 420.
Fuligula linnpi. Malm. GbUb. och Bokml. Faun. p. 350 (1877).
* It appean both tu Dr. OusliJnt and mjMlf that the iiiMiiiien from tbe
UarianDS tilands, itill preeerval in the Parii Muwuia, is a joung bird, in a
TBfy bad state. <if Ihc present apnciei.
Hybridt.
? Canard morillon ^ (Fuligula cristate) X Sarcelle da U Caroline $
(Aix spoDsa), Gtoffr. St.-Hii, Ann. Mai. Hut. Nat. tu. pp. 223,
226 (1806) ; Selyi-L., Bull. Soc. Jtou. Selo. udii. 2, p. 21, n. 23
(1866) ; Zeverk. J.f. O. 1890, p. 226.
Fuligula criitete X Nyroea leucophtbaloia, Sclal. P. Z. S. 1880,
p. 694; id. Lut Vert. An. 8th ed. pp. 624, 625 (1883). s.
Fiuigula criatate Px Fuligula ferina (J, Saiaid. P. Z. 1886,
p. 660; iewrt. J./ 0. 1P90, p. 225.
Fuligula criatataX Fuligula nyroea, Ltverh. I. e.
Fuligula cristataxFuliguta marila, Leverk. I. c.
Fuligula cristetaxADU querquedula, Leverk. I. c
Advlt male. Head, neck, upper parts, aod breast black ; occi-
pital feathers considerably elongated, forming a crest or tuft; eides
of tlie head with a purple gloes ; a white spot on the chin ; back and
scapnlars with obecore traces of pale rermicnlations ; lower breast,
belly, sides, and flanks white ; vent and under tail-coverts black ;
wings black ; specnlnm on the secondaries whit«, with a black
band at the tip ; under wtng-coverts, except the marginal ones
which ore dusky, and azillaries white ; primariee brown-grey, with,
the tips and the outer weba more or less blackish ; tail block :
bill pale bine, with the nail block ; indes brilliant golden yellow ;
lege and toes dork blue, the webs black. Total length abont 17
inches, wing 8, tail 2'5, culmen 1*75, tarsus 1'12.
Pemaie. Crest smaller than in the mole ; npper parts and npper
breast brown ; the nnderparts dull white or pale ashy brown, and
less clearly defined from the brown upper breast ; flanks brown ;
speculum as in the male ; inner secondaries glossed with green.
Young in Jtril plumage. Closely resemble adult females, bnt are
paler brown, especially on the chin and throat, and have no metallic
green gloss on the innermost secondaries; there are many white
I, t. a i ad. at
u. i ad.ac.
V. (S ad. ak.
a. tf ad. sk.
Hickling, Nurfolk, Jwl ( T. E.
Ounn).
MuitOD, Norfolk, Juoe.
Liverpool, Jan,
Cambridfre Market, Not.
Wiltshire,
Avington, Feb., Dec. {R. B. 8.
Se G. E. Shelifs).
AvinptOD, Dec. [G. E. S.).
Devonshire, Jwi.
Tunis.
in, Egj'pt, March (0.
.6. S.).
f. tl imm, ak. et Efn-pt.
f'-t. i'i ad. et AngoUalnh, May (ITorrM).
<.'. 5 jUT. sk.
\'. M!*^'k.
r*. 2 ad. 8k.
t*. £ ad. sk.
f. tJ ad,sk.
tl'. ^ ad. sk.
«',«/. <J 2 ad.sk.
x*. 1^ BcL sk.
y'. J ad. Bk.
■". (f ad. sL
a". $ ad. sk.
A", r". 2 ad. et
juT. sk.
tf' cf ad. sk.
*",/". tf »d. sk.
y". (f ad. ak.
A", .■■,*". dad. et
2iuv.sk.
r,W'. d2in'n'-
ak.
i",o",j'".<J9»d.
-", *^, •". (J ad.
« OimB.sk.
" - ' » 8
Lenkoran, Dec.
Langiorak&ja, Ob, Sept.
Obdorak, W. Sibraia, Aug.
Lndak {Straokey).
Wooler Lake, Cashmere, Nov.
(&. He/idenon).
Kftahgar {Brlleit).
Afchsnistaii {Griffiths).
Kokenin, Mftrch.
Lord WftUn
[P.].
H. J. ElwM, Vmi.
Salvin-Qodman CoD.
Montagu OolL
Dr. R. Bowdte
Sbarpe [P.l
Shelle; CoE
E. Rej^olda, Etq.
[P.].
FraaerCoD.
SbeUej Coa
J. Bowling, Eiq.
India UusetUD [P.].
Eupbratea Ezp.
C. Chevalier, Eiq.
[P.l ^
Seebobm ColL
Dr. O. FiDschrCJ.
Dr. 0. Fiiiaeb fCj
India MiuUeum [P.].
HufflL- ColL
India Museum [P.].
India >[u9eum [P.}
Lt.-Col. Swinhoe
[P.j.
Seebonni OoH.
-^•i*^
Kandabar, Ft;b.
Kandahar, Feb
SivitJioe).
Jubbee R. near Hassan Abdal,
March (R. W. Sleker).
Indus R. near Attock, Jan.
(A, H'. Stoker).
R. Jhelum, March.
Muncba Lake, Sind, Jan.
Gurffitoo, Jan., Feb., March
( B'. N. ChlU).
Delhi, Jan.
Etawali.
Ondb, Dec, Jan., FeK
TUvfA
Lt.-Col. Swinhoe
[P.l.
(Lt.-Col. Seebohm Coll.
Htune CoU.
Hume Coll.
Hu>
!CoU.
CoU.
Hume ColL
Hume CoU.
HnmoOoU.
B. H. HodnoB, Bm.
et $ imm. ak.
y". rf ad. ak.
<", a*. (J 5 Bd.
m*. ({ ftd. sk.
»'. $ ad. sk.
o'lD*. cJ imm. et
S jUT. sk.
?', H. cf 5 Bd. sk.
j'. $ ad. ak.
*•,«". (J J ad. sk.
D", Bj". rf ? ad.
ik.
i", y". J ad. et
juT. ak.
«•, «*. 6*. J 5
imm. etjuv. sk.
c*. (J imm. sk.
d'. Skaleton.
e*. Skeleton.
/*. Skeleton {im-
perfect).
J*. Skull.
Ntitive Sikhtm, March, April,
May (L. MamUlli).
Assam (McCUOand),
Gwnlior.
Titana. Khandeisb, Feb. (/.
Daiiidton).
Raipor. Central Provinces.
Lake Logtak, Manipur, Feb.,
March (A. 0. H.).
Kiukiang, Chine, March.
Kiukianf^, March {R. Stein-
hoe).
Amoj, Chins, Feb. (A. Smiii-
hoe).
Shanf^hai, China, March (S.
Siemhoe).
Hakodadi, Japan, Maj, Sept.
(Blakulon).
Yokohama, Japan (S. Pryer).
Yezo, Japan, June.
Laf!:unade Bat, Manilla {Mail-
land Hfriat).
Labuan, Nov.
England.
8. Germany.
C. Maries, Esq. [R].
Hume CoU.
F. W. Styan, Esq.
Seebolim OoU.
Seebohm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
C.W. Campbell, Esq.
Seebt^bm Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
A. Everett, Esq. [P.].
Dr. A. Gunther \P.\
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
[P.].
JUu. p. 142 (1814) iid. GeiuS. iii, p. 631, n. 6 (1944) ; id. log.
End. 4r Terr., Birds, p. 10, pi. 18 (184fj) ; RrJmJ,. Sun. Ae.,
Natatorw, t. 77. f. 890 (1&-) {ex £rfb. ^ Ter».r); G. R. Sr.
Ibti, \m>. p. 243 ; Heiior. Nem Zeal. K,hib. p. 277 (Otairti) (l^tK>) i
*««. MvM. P.-B., Anseres, p. 20 (18661 ; PUla, Tram. N. Z.
/i«r.ii.ie6B, p. 73(1670); Hutton, Ibit, 1870, p. .195 (Auckland):
Fimf.h.J.f. O. 1870, p. 356; Hutton. Oat. B. Nea Zeal. jp. 38
(IWl); 7VimT«,rran».y.Z.i«*/.iv.l871,p.20e(1873); /WeA,
/./. O. 1672, p. ly8 ; BuQer, Hist. B. Aew Zeai. p. 259, pi. 27. f. 2
(IWa); /l'n«vl, J./. O. 1874, p. 303: fOiarpe, Voy.Breb.^ Terr.,
Bird*, ■a. 31 (1676) : Scl>il. P. Z. S. 1660, p. 627 ; FiaKh, Hut,
1882, pp. 392, 397 ; Bii}ltr, Man, B. iStvi Zeal. p. 72 (1882) ; id.
HiMl. B. A'eip Zeal 2nd ed. ii. p. 274, pi. ilv. flower fig.) (1888) ;
Smirt, Trann. N. Z. Itut. xii. 1888, p. 321 (Lake brunner)
{I860); Triatr. Cot. Coil. B. p. 48 (1888) ; Foriei, Ibit, 1893,
p. &45 (Chatham lal.^.
Anas atriciltn, Fortl. letm, rnerf. t. 76; id. Deter. An, {ed. Licht.)
p.fl5(lS44).
Mftiila novffl lelandiiB, Bp. O'mpl. Bend, itiij, p. 051, n. 137 (1850).
P Aaa« atia, Ellma?i, Zooli^. 1861 , p. 7471.
Fulix novffi Beelaadiie, tf. -H. Gr. Sand-litt, iii. p. 66, n. 10688
(1671).
Adull male. Hea>l and neck black, glossed with purple above,
with greea on tbe sides ; chin while ; upper parts and bre^t black,
the former more or less glossed with green, npper back and Bcapulars
QUDiitelj dusted witli white ; breast freckled with whitu on the
lower portion ; abdomen brown, the edges of the feathers paler
or dull whitish ; sides of the vent and under tail-covcrta black ;
sides and long feathers overkpping the thigbu brown with a chest-
nut tinge ; winga glossy black ; secondaries with a narrow white
speculum, broadly edged wilh black, each feather has the outer
edge of the outer web narrowly edged with black ; primaries grey,
with the tips and also the outer weba of the first three or four
black : marginal under wing-coverts dark brown, the inner ones
and axillaries white ; tail durk brown ; >' irides bright yellow ; bill
Bsb'blue, tipped with black ; legs and toes grey, membranes black,
bordered near each loc with grey " {Hutton). Total length about
17 inches, wing H*, tail 2'7, cnlmen 1'65, tarsns \-25.
Femah. " A broad band surrounding the base of the upper man-
dible white; heojJ, neck, breast, and sides of the body blackish
brown, changing to castaneous on the luwer part of the breast and
flftoks, on the abdomeu lighter brown, mottled with fulvous white,
darker brown in the ventral region ; under tail-coverts blackish
brown, largely roarked witli white ; shoulders dark brown, margined
with castaneous ; hack and upper surface of wings blackish brown,
^osaed with green ; speculum as in the male ; tail dark brown."
(fluftr.)
There is no specimen in the British Uitseum which would answer
to the above description, but one supposed to bo a female is as
follows i — He^, neck, upper parts, and wings brown ; brea.st and
ndcfldull chcstnut-btown; abdamen sad under tail-oovorts whitish,
toIm xxrii. 2 B
J
370 AXATID2.
the palo brown haaes of the feathers more or less showing through
the white tips ; apeculum as is the male, but of a. duller white ;
tertials brown with a green gloss ; tail brown.
Also in the Rothsdiild Aluaenm there is no female with a broad
white band surrouadiDg the base of the upper mandible, but oae
has a slight indication of it.
young in down. " Has the down thickset ; the upper parts pale
dove-brown, the undcrparta white ; a dueky collar round the neck ; an
obscure white spot on each wing, and a emailer one oa each side of
the rump ; the hair-like filaments on the upper parts rather long,
Tcr}^ fine in texture, and perfectly black ; irides dark hrown ; bill
reddish brown, the under mandible yellow, with a brownish tip ;
feet light brown." (Buller.)
Sir W. Buller notices a amaller form, from Lake Ellesmere,
having a more chestnnt hne.
Hab. New Zealand, with the Auckland and Chatham Islands.
I, b. <? ad. gk. et 2 Kew Zealand.
c, d. (f ad. sk.
/^i». cJ?ad.st.
New Zealand,
New ZcRland,
Bay of Islands.
Capt. Stokes [P.].
Sir E. Home [P.].
Antarctic Eiped. [C
Antarctic Exped. [C
S. Fnlignla collaris.
Ansa coUaris, Donov. Brit. B. vi. pi. 147 (England] (1809) ; Gitit.
TAei. Om. i. p. 3ia (1872) (ayu. emend.).
Anas fuligula, WU*. {nee Linn.) Am. Om. viii. p. 66, pi. 67. t S
(1814) ; nmm. Man. d'Orn. 3nd ed. ii. p. 873 (part.) (ISlJO).
Anas (Fulijiruln) rufitorquee, Bp. Joum. PMlad. Acad. iii. p. S31
(iS-2i} : Gun,U. J. f. U. 1.S71, p. -it^i (CaU).
Ansa nilitorqucB, Ord, cd. If'ik. viii. p. lil 1 1825) ; Sp. Speed. Gww.
45. nrtiOFU.
371
p. OSI, n. 3 (ISU); Schnb. %n, ^c, NatBtoree. t, 76, f. 836
(18Jo) (ej- Dwtwan P) i BnAm, Naumamia, 1S65, p. 298 ;
Cab. 4f Cumf/. J./. O. 1957, p. 330 (CuU) ; Sale. ^ Sclat. lbi»,
1860, p. 377 (Ouiiteniftln} ; Gundt. J. f. O. 1861, p. 346; Bla*.
Lilt S. Eur. p. 21 11862); O. R. Gr. Lial Bnt. B. p, 1»8
(1863): SrhUg.Mui. P.-5..Aiui«i*8, p, 20(1806) ; Degl^Gfrhe.
Om. £nr. a. p. 536 (1887); TumS. if. £. Pfl. p. 48 (1808);
Couw, JTiry y. Am. B. p. 389 (1872) ; id. Check-lot K Am. B.
n. aai (1873); id. Bir<b N.-We$t, p. 574 (1874) ; Sclat. ^ Sah.
P. Z. 8. 1876, p. 400; Gurn. Zootugi^, XHn, p. 341; Sclat.
P. Z. 8. 1880. p. 625; Coty, B. BaAamat, p. 188 (1880) j Saia.
Cat. B. StHckl. CoU. p. 6Sf (1882) ; Cobm, Check-li»t iV. ^nt. 5.
2nd ed. p. lU, n. 722 (1882); B. O. U. Lid Brit. B. p. 129
(1883) ; Cory, Liit B. W. Ind. p. 31 (188^) ; Steb. Hitt. Jiril. B.
iii. pp. 581, 610 (1885) ; Tritfr. CW. CulL B. p. 48 (1889).
P Fuligula criatata, Uewi^ (twc LfacAj, P. Z. 8. 1847, p. 40.
Marila coIIartB, Bp. Otmpt. Bend, xliii. p. 661, a. 134 (1866).
Fulk collaria, Baird. B. X. Am. p. 792 (1868); id. Qrf. N. Am. B.
n. 590(1859); H. Mex. Bound. Surv..Birdi,f. in (IS^H); Bryant,
J'r. Bolt. Soc. y. B. vii. p. 122 (Baljumas) (1850) ; Mitt, Cmad.
A«(«r., April 1862 ; rerriU, Pr. Eis. Intt. iii. p. 153 (18B2) ;
BhkUt. ait, 1863, p. 148 (Brit. N. Am.); Mareh, Pr. I^Uai.
AeaiL 18W, p. 72 (Jamaicftl ; Drea. Ibii, 1866, p, 43 (Tosas);
Lmoi: Ann. Lye. N. Y. vui. p. 207 (1860) ; Gtmdl. JUprrl.
Fimx-yat. Cuba, i. p. 390 (1866) ; Browi, Ihii, 1808, p. 420
(Vancottvet); Slav. U.S. Gtol. Stirv. Terr. 1870, p. 466; O. R.
Gr. Hand-m, iii. p. 86, n. 10685 (1871) ; AScen, Pr. Bf>»t. Soc. If.
a. IV. p. 210 {Coloradu) (1872) ; Tr^tpt. ibid. p. 241 (Iowa) (1872) ;
Snow, B. Kimt. p. 11 (1873) ; Sclat. Jj-Su/a, Nomaurl. At. Neotmp.
p. 130 (1S72) : Zaior. Mem. Bust. Soc. X. R. ii. p. 315 (MaMtlan)
(1874) ; Giindl. J. f. O. 1874, p. 814 (Porto Rioo), 1875, p. "383
((Julia), 1878, p. 190 (Porto Rico); id. An. Soc. Eap. Silt. Nat.
vii. p. 400 (Porto liico) (1878) ; Xidgw. N<nn. N. Am. B. n. 016
(1881); B.,B.,^ B. Water-B. K.Am. a. p. 25 (1884); Cue*,
S^ X. Am. B. 2Dd ed. p. 701 (1884); Fraa. J. f. O. 1885,
p. 147 (Illinois) ; SAarpe, Cat. Otltol. Specim. Call. Surg. iii.
p. 308(1891).
Fuligula affinis, Sdat. {nee Eyt.) P. Z. S. 1859, p. 305 (Jalapa, -De
Oca).
Njroca eollaris, A. ^ E. Ketet. Handb. Jam. p. 113 (1881),
AjthvB collariB, Jlidgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mm. viii. p. 3.56 (1885);
A.'0. U. Cheek-lilt N. Am. B. p. 119. n. 150 (1880); T«mer,
Contr. N. H. Alaika, p. 133 (1886); Nelton, Sat. Hat. Call, in
Alatka, p. 72 (1307) ; Sennett, Auk, 1867. p. 24 (itownv stB^re) ;
Bidffw. Man. N. Am. B. pp. 103, 101 (18*7) ; Cory. Auk, 1888,
p. 67 (W, In<l.); id. B. W. : ■ "■••
Minne*. p. 02 (1892).
W. lad. p. 207 U889) ; Hatch, B. uf
Hyhrid.
I, A. Ntiot. P. Z. S. 1860, pL cbrii. ;
Fuli)rula coUarb )
Leverk. J./. O. 1800, p. 224.
Adult male. Head, neck, upper hieaet, and upper parls black, the
d nock glossed with purple; a white sjiot on the chin;
« lower Deck a cheslaut collar ; lower breast and abdomeo
2b2
878 INITIDS.
white, sharply defined from the black uppter breast, and gradually
chaoging into the black of the sides of the vent and under tail-
coverts, through a graduated barring of white and dusky i sides
delicately undulated with greyish dusky ; upper witig-coverta dusky
grey, ving-apoculum on the secondaries grey, darker eubt«rtninally,
and very narrowly tipped with white ; tertiala black with a green
gloss : primaries dusky grey, the outer quiila on the outer webs
and the others at the tips blackish ; under wing-ooverte pale grey,
more or less edged with white, axillariea white ; tail dusky black :
" bill lead-colour, with a narrow basal and broad subterminal band
of bluish white, the end black ; iris bright yellow ; legs and feet
pale slaty " (B., B., ^ R.}. Total length 17 inches, wing 7-8, tail 3,
culmea I'SS, tarsus I'3.
Female. Crown and nape dull dark brown, becoming gradually
light below, rest of head paler and greyer, the anterior half of the
lores, the chin, and throat white ; jugulum, sides, and finnks raw
umber-brown ; breast and abdomen white ; anal region dull brown,
longer under tail-coverts whitish; wings as in the male ; remaining
upper parts dull dark brown, the feathers of the back and the
scapulars with pale olive-brown edges ; bands on the bill narrower
and less distinct than in the male ; iris yellow ; feet slaty.
Young in doum. " Above greyish umber- brown, relieved by seven
spots of light buff as follows : — a small and iuconapicuous spot in
the middle of the back, (1) between, and a little anterior to, the
wings ; a lai^ patch on each side of the back, another on each
side of the rump, at the base of the tail, and a bar acroes the
posterior border of eat^h wing; crown, occiput, and nape crossed
longitudinally by a white stripe of deep greyish umber ; a roundish
isolated spot of light greyish brown, including the forehead, and
lower paita generally, lif;ht diiiilT buff, tbu tlanks crossed by i
46. TkCHJtBM. 878
i»i d ad. ak. Lomp Muid Sound, New SalYin-GodmAo CdL
Yoik (J. H. BcOty).
f>r. <f ad. aL Brownsville, Texas, Feb., 8alviii-Gk>dnian ColL
March (jP. B. AnnHnmg),
1^ I. <f ad. et $ Corpus Chrisd, Texas, Oct., Sal^n-Godman ColL
imm. sk. Nov. (F, B. A.).
ik 2 ad. sk. Duefias, Guatemala (O. S.). Salvin-Godman ColL
«. $ ad. ak. Coban, Vera Pa«, Nov. Salvin-Godman ColL
(0.A).
46. TACHYERES. »^
Micropterus (subpren.), JLese, Man. d'Om. p. 416 (1828)
(nee LacSp, 1802) T. dnereus.
Micropterus, King, P. Z, S. 1830, p. 15 (nee Lac4p.
1802),
Tachyeres, Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 254 (1875) . . T. cinereus.
Bange. Confined to Straits of Magellan and Falklands.
1. Tachyerea cinerena.
Giseau grise, on Oie de plain, Pemety, Toy. ii. c. 19, p. 21 (1769)
(Falklands).
Race-horse Duck, Pemetg, Joum. pp. 213, 214 (1771) ; Buff. Hist.
Nat Ois, ix. p. 414 (17«3).
Log^rhead, Clayton, Phil. Trans. Ixvi. p. 104 (1776); Penrose,
Falkl IsLf.Si}; Forster, Voy. ii. p. 493 (1777).
Loggerhead (jfoose, Lath, Syn, iii. 2, p. 439, n. 4 (1785).
Anas cinerea, Gm, 8, N, i. 2, p. 506, n. 60 (1788) (e,r Pemety ;
Falklands) j Brehm, Vog. Deutschl, p. 903 (note) (1891) ; Merrein
in Ersch u. Grub, Encycl, i. sect, vol xxxv. pp. 29, 80 (1841) ;
Gieb. Thei. Om, i. p. 347 (1872).
Anas brachypt<?ra, Lath. Ind, Orn, ii. p. 834, n. 5 (1790) ; Quay ^
Gaim. Voy, Uran., Zool. p. 139, pi. 39 (1824).
Anser cinereus, Bonn, Enc. MHh, i. p. 112 (1790).
Anser brachjpterus, Vieill. N, D, xxiii. p. 344 (1818) ; Dum. Diet,
So, Nat. xxxv. p. 470 (1825).
Anas (Micropterus) brachyptera, Less. Mnn,d^Om, ii. p. 416 (1828) ;
id. Tr, d'Om, p. 630, n. 28 (1831) ; id. Compl. de Buff. 2nd ed.
p. 720 (1838).
Gidemia patachonica, King, Zool, J(mm, iv. p. 100 (1828) ; Stricki.
Ann. qr Mag. N. H. vii. p. 80 (1841) ; Gibson, Pr. Phys. Soc.
Edinb. iv. pp. 1^5, 186 (1878).
Micropterus patachonicus, King, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 15 (W. part of
Magellan Strait) ; Less. Conipl. de Buff,, Ois. ix. p. 533 (\ 837) ;
Eyt, Mon, Anat. p. 143, pi. 2. f. 4 (trachea) (1838) ; Sclat. P. Z. S.
1861, p. 46 (Fslklands) ; Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. 161 (Falklands) ;
Eyt. Syn. Anat. p. 100 (1869) ; Cunningh. Notes on Nat, Hist, Str,
qfMagell. pp. 95, 475 (1871) ; Gigl. Viagg. Magenta, pp. 934,
§42 (1876); Oust. Miss. Sc. Cap Horn, vi. Ois. p. 229, pi. v.
(1891).
Microptema brachypterus, King, L e. ; Less. Compl. de Buff. Ois. iz.
4 miTiDS.
p. C33 (1837) ; id. op. dl. 9nd ed. p. 730 (1838) ; j?jrf- ^f^- '<•»«'■
p. 144 (1838); Dana. Foy. JleagU, iii. Birds, p. 166 (1811);
Zii:Ai. Nomenct. Av. p. 100 (1854); £ut. &m. ^nnt p. 101
(1869).
Steamei^Dack, P. P. King, Voy. • Adventure; i. p. 36(1839); </.
A. Nnct. Did. of. B. p. 618.
Micropterua cineruus, G. M. Gr. Lia Gen. B. p. 74 (1840) ; id. op.
n't. 3nded.p. «5(1841); ti. Xitt £. £rtf. Jtfui. iii. p. 140(1844);
id. Gen. B. iii. p. 623 (1844) ; Bchnh. Syn. Av., Natalores, t. 77.
f. 894 (1845) ; Hwa. Ertt. Nachtr. Vers. VogeU, p. 19, n. 2L>9
(1848) ; Det Mur* in Gay, Hi»t. de Chile, Zod. i. p. 467 (1847) ;
Bcknb. Av. Sytt. Nat. p, Tiii, tab. vii. (1862) ; Bp. Compt. Send.
xUii.p. 661, n. 161 (1856) ; Go«td, P. Z. S. 18-59, p. 96 (egg, Falk-
kndfl) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 389 (FalkUnds) ; AMott, Ibi»,
1861, p. 161 (Falklands) ; St^lal. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 367 (Zool.
Gard.) ; Pelz. Eeiie Novara, Vdg. p. 139 (Chiloe) (1865) ; Sdat.
P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 335, 310 ; Phil. ^ Landb. Cat. Av. ChU. p. 43
(1868); Cunningham, Ibis, 1868, p. 127; Sclaf. §■ &ilv. ibid.
p. 189 (SandT Point) ; Giffl. ibid. p. 498 ; Sclat. ^ &ih. Ibit, 1870,
p. 499 (Gallegoa Rjver, Str. ol Magellan) ; Cunningh. Notet vn
Sat. Hist, of the Str. of Magelt. etc. p, 84 (1871) ; id. P. Z. S.
1871, p. 262; id. Ti-. Zool. Soe. vii. pp. 493-501. pK 58-62
(anatomy) (1871); Sundeo. Mttk. not. Ar. dim. Tent. p. 149
(1872) ; Sclat. 4" Sale. Nomenfi. Ar. Neotrop. p. 130 (1873) ; Gigl.
rtojji). AfoyCT! (a, pp 93;J, 934, 9.t6, 037, 939, 941, 046. 063 (1876) ;
Qua. Miu. Sc. Cap Horn, vi. Ow. p. 212, pi. iv. (1801).
Anas pleneroa, Font. Icon. ined. t. 68 ; id. Deter. An. p. 338 (1844)
(MarellaD).
Fuligula cinerea, Schleg. Dierent. p. 274, with fig. (1861) ; id. Mtu
P.-B., Anserea, p. 13 (1866).
Camptolaimus ( ] cinereus, G. R. Or. Hand-Utt, iii. p. 88,
no. 10704(1871).
Tacbjerea brachjpterDs, Oteen, Trant. Zool. Soe. \x. p. 254 (1876).
Tach.viTea cinereus, Sclat. ^- Snlr. P. Z. S. ]ft76, p. 402, 1878,
I. 437 (Meggii^r Obnnnel, Tom Harbour, Fort Chumicbn, Fnlk-
46.
375
yelloWy webs mixed with blaok; irides brown'* (OigVol^ Total
leDgtJi about 90 inches, wing 11, tail5'5, culmen 2*5, tanas 2*4.
Female, Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller.
Taung in down. Head, neck, breast, upper parts, sides, and
flanks dusky grey; abdomen and under tail-coverts white; two
white spots on the sides of the head, one behind the eye on the
temporal region, and another lower down behind the ear-coverts
(Mue. Turin).
I have not been able to satisfy myself that there are more than
one species of Steamer Ducks.
Ii<A, Falklands, Magellan Straits, and Chili as far north as
Yaldivia ♦.
a. Ad. St.
b, (J ad. sk.
c. 5 juv. sk.
d, e, ? Q ad. et
pull. sk.
/. c^ pull. sk.
y. $ ad. sk.
A. $ ad. sk.
i, Juv. sk.
k, ^ ad. sk.
L Ad. st.
jh. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
o. S juv. sk.
Pf q. Ad. St. et sk.
r. $ ad. sk.
». Skeleton.
t Skeleton.
u. Skeleton.
9. Skeleton.
w. Skeleton.
X, Skull.
y. Sternum.
Straits of Magellan. The Admiraltv [P.].
Straits of Maj^ellan, Jan. * Challenger ' £xp.
Messier Channel. * Challenger ' Exp.
Tom Harbour, Messier Chan- ' Challenger ' Exp.
nel, Jan.
Tom Bay, W. coast of Pata- Dr. Coppinger [C.].
gonia.
Port Churucha, Str. of Magel- ' Challenger ' Exp.
Ian, Jan.
Puerto Bueno, Str. of Magel- Dr. Coppinger [C.].
Ian, Jan.
Elizabeth Island, Str. of Ma- Dr. Coppinger [C.].
gellan, Jan.
W iilney Sound, Str. of Magel- Dr. Coppinger [C].
Ian, Feb.
E. Falkland Island. J. Macgillivray, Esq.
[P.l.
Salvin-Godman ColL
Tweeddale Coll.
Challenger * Exp.
Falkland Islands [Eyton ColL],
Falkland Islands.
Falkland Islands.
S. Salvador Bay, Falkland I., The Admiralty [P.].
Aug. (Antarctic Exp.),
Uranie Bay, Falkland 1., Nov. McCormick Bequest.
(R. McC).
Falkland Islands.
Str. of Magellan.
W. of Cape Froward ( W, D.
Wodstcorth),
Cockle Cove.
Str. of Magellan.
E. A. Holmstead,
Esq. [P.].
Dr. Coppinger [C.].
Voy. of H.M.S.
* Sylvia.'
Zool. Soc.
Dr. Coppinger [C."].
Dr. Coppinger [C.].
* Aooordiog to G. E. Cox (Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 18^3, Viage
a la Patagonia septentrional), the Andean Lakes Nahuclhuapi, Todos Lub
Santos, and others are covered with Bying Micropteri,
47. CLASQVIjA.
Clanarula, Lsach* tn Somfi Toy. Ditcov. App. p, xlviii
(1819) [ex Getner) ; FUm. Philo*. of Zool. W. p. 200
(1822) J Boie, Itui, 1822, p. 664 C. glftudou.
OUucioD, Eaup, Natiirl. Butt., p. 63(1829) (nee Oken,
1810) C. glauebn.
Bucephalft, Bnird, B. of N. Am. p. 706 (IStifl) (nee
Bucephalus, Baer, 1827, neqve Smtth, 1829) C. albeola.
QlaudonetU, S(e7*n. iV. U.8. Nat. Mui. viii.p.409 (1885). C. glaucion.
Chftritonertft, St^in. Butt. U.S. Nat. Mm. no. 29, p. 103
(1886) C. albMlft.
Range. Northern Hemisphere.
Key to the Speeiei.
a. Nostrils Dearer to the tip than to the base of the
bill.
a'. Hend and upper neck glosav greenish black, with
a large roundish or oral spot of white on loner
part of loiee (mafe] ; htwd of the female deep
bair-brown] greater wing-coverte usuallj with-
out distinct blackish tips jflaueion, p. 376.
6'. Heed and upper nccli glassy blue-black, with a
large vBTticnl triangular patch of white across
lores {male) ; female similar to that of the pre-
ceding species, but somewhat larger and with
the grey chest-band broader; greater wing-
coveits. usually, not always, tipped with
blackisD ulandica, p. S8S.
b. Nostrils nearer to the base of the bill than to the
tip; male: head and upper neck rich silky dark
' "' 'n. brfinze, niid violet-purple, with a
IHBtBllic
■ri. p. 872 (1817) ; Temtn. Man. 2nd ed. ti. p, 870 (1820) ; Lkht.
Fen. Doubt, p. 6a(ld23j ; MhiUr, Cat. Sato. Caue.p 5ii (Uakou)
(1832): TVmm. Man. 2iid ed. it. p. 560 (1840); Kaum. fHf/.
DeuUchl. xii. p. I02.pl. 311] |1&14); StJilt<i- Sep. Cril. p. 118
(1844); Temm. * S-A/ey. Faun. Jap., Art*, p. 128 (18.50);
Muidtnd. Siirir. Ilei». ii. 2, p. 287 (185a) ; Br,hm, J. /. O. 1854,
p. 84 (Egypt) ; Wieae. J.f. O. 1865, p. 608 lPoaiemui&); Buvry,
7./. O. 1857. p. I2tt {AlfKTia)-, KifU. Dmkw. ii. pp. 248,278
(1658); AUum, J.f. 0. 1801, p. 74; Steinh. ihj, 186S, p, 324;
SehUg. Mm. P.-B.. AneereB, p. 20 (I860) ; Uruite. t'oye'io.
B-Tkum.v. 300 (1869); IfwH^y. J./. 0. 1870, p. 433; jl/ei'ea,
C^o. K. FfC-Akad. Fdrh. 1871, p. 182 ; Oieft. TSb*, O™. i. p. 34fl
(part,) (1872).
Anas iflaucion, Liim. S. N. i. p. 201, n. 26 { 5 ) (1780) ; Soop. Ann.
I. SUl. Nat. a. 72 (1700) ; Gm.S.N.\.X p. 626, n. 20 (17881 :
Lalh. Ind. Om. ii. p. 868, d. 88 (1700) ; VmU. A". D. v. p. 118
(1810) ; Dutn. Diet. Se. Nat. ri. p, 375 (1817); La». Drier. Mamm.
et Om. p. 248(1847).
AnM pfrefrius. S. G. Omel Seu. d. Swal. ii- p. 183, pL 10 (1774).
Anns mtuiln, PaU. ttifcLbm.) Seiu ii. p. i^ (1773).
Garroi, D'Auhent. Pt. £nl. 803 ( J ) ; i'lgf. i/«(. An(. Ou. is., p. 222
(1-83).
Golden-eje, fWm. J?ri(. Zoo/, ii. n. 276 (1785) ; Lath. Syn. iii. 2.
p. 535, D. 76 (1785).
Anaa meUnocfphslft, JTerm. (n« Gm.) OU. Znol. p. U5 (1804).
Anas hvemalis, i^//. {itec Linn.) Zoogr. Honmi-Ae. ii. p. 270 (1811).
Clonffuln daogula, Flem. PAU. ofZeol. ii. p. 2W (1822): Bote, Iiu,
1822, p. 564; Licht. Nommci. Av. v. 109 (1854); Sltju. Bull.
U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 20. p, 163 {Boring I.) (1885).
OlanfiiU chrjMplithRlmiis, Stetii. Oirri. Zool. xii. 2. p. 182, jil. 56
(1824); An. .Wan. p. 346 (1835); £>(. C'a(. J?ri"i. £. p. Mt (1838);
Marj/Ul. Man. Om. ii. p. 183 (1842).
Platypus friauciiin, Brehm, Lchrb. Eur. Viig. p. 837 (1824),
Fuiigula rianirula, Bp. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. p. 803 (1826) j id. St/n.
p. 393 (1828) ; Lcm. Tr. d'Om. p. 631 (1831) : Snvi, Om. Tote.
lii. p. 1:13(1831); Bp.Im, l8S2,p. 1189 (part.); WaUengr. Nim-
vtanaia, 1854. p. 276; ZM- On>. J?ur. ii. p. 443 (1840); Brandt
in JfiifimiiH. Jke yordt. t'ro/, ii. p. 71 (WWhrra) (1856): Wted,
J. /. 0. 1859, p. 178 (pMt) i Seta/. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 018 (Haltn-
dadi) ; SiAUff. Mat. F.-B., Anseres, p. 20 (part.) (1866) ; Pnete.
Fou. n. 307 (1867) ; SmUh, Iba, 1868. p. 457; Pm-w. Putmrk.
£7«n4r.n. 207(1870): Oorf. ^/. O. I871,p.l40; Putvxin,J./.0.
1876, p. 68 (Fiotand) ; *ei. ^ H.-Brown, Ibit, 1870, p, 445 (Pet-
cho») ; Finxh, Verh. t.-h. Get. Wien, 1879, p. 162 (W. Siberia) ;
Brandt, J. /. O. 1880, p. 249 (St. Petewburit) ; S«A. Silt. Brit
B. iii. p. 500, pi. 03 (egg) (1885): ZHJbnl, CW. F!v. Brit. B
pt. si. (1880) ; 8tt6. B. Jap. Emp. p. 268 (1800) ; Jli-AntB. J. /. 0.
1^, p. ea; Martert, Eat. FogtbamtU. p. 232 (1891).
Clnnsfiiln vnlgnrit. Flem. Brit. An. p. 120 (1828); ffould, P. Z. S.
1834. p, 134 (Tr»bi»oad) ; Striekl. P. Z. S. 1836, p. 102 (Smynia) :
0«(/</.fi.£«r.v.pl, 870(1837); &p, Claa. fi.ii. p, 360 (18.17) ;
Sut. Man. Anat. p. 186, pi. iii. f. 4 (sternum), pi. 12. f, 4 (cjccaj,
pL 16. f. 2 (trnchea) ( I8S8) ; Alibolt, P. Z. S. 1834, p. \U (Tnbi-
iood) ; Blakiit. Ibit, 1868, p. 148 ; Oai^rod, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 420
(tracW).
Glaucioii elaiigiila, Eaup, Nutiirl. Syil. p, 53 (IBlli) ; E. ^ B. Wir-
8 AViTLDM,
Mth. Eur. pp. Imvi, 229 {1840); Nordm. J. f. 0. 1S64, p. 378
(Finland and Lnpland) ; Sound. Ibu, 1671, p. 397 (Spain) ; Taez.
J.f. 0. 1873, p. 110, 1874, j>. 337 (E. Siberia) ; SteirA. Ibii, 1874,
p. 434 (Chefou) ; Severiz. J. /. O. 1675, p. 185; Tacz. Ont. faun.
>W. Sibir. p. 71 (J877) ; id. Bull. Soc. Zool. JV. ii. p. 47 (1877),
viii. p. 344 (Kamtschatka) (1883) ; Sadde, Omu Caucru. p. 4C2
(1881).
Clannula peregrina, Ilrehm, Iiu, 1830, p. 999, n. 2 ; id. Vog. DetOtchl.
p. 929 (1831).
Clanjcula tflnuoioa. Srehm, Iiii, 1830, p. 999, n. 3 ; id. Vog. DadseM.
p. 929 (1831) ; Bp. Comp. LUt, p. 68, n. 427 (1638) ; HarU. Verz.
Get. Mwi. p. 121 (1844) ; G. E. Gr. List B. Brit. Miu. iii. p. 144
(1844); id. Gen. B. iil. p. 022, n. 1 (1844); Bchnb. Si/n. As.,
Natatores, t. 74. ff. 96-98 (1845) ; Blgth, Cat. B. Mtu. A. S. B.
p. .'iO? (1849) ; Rfhnb. Ac. St/tl. Nat. p. viii (1862) ; BoUe,J.f. O.
1856, p. 376 (Spain); if;). Conyrf. .Reii^. lUii. p. 651, n. 148(1866) ;
Lathe, Cat. M. et O. Algfr. p. 145 (1858) ; Homey. J. f. O. 1859,
p. 373; Powyt, Ihit, 1660, p. 3^4 (Ionian I.) ; Swinh. Ibii, 1861,
p. 345 (China), 1803, p. 434 (Fonnoaa) ; More, Ibii, 1865, p. 447
(GreatBritain); B/y«, 76w, 1867, p. 176 (Indus) ; WlaUly, Ibie,
1867, p. 206(Ilakodadi); Dtgl. ^ Gerb. Om. Eur. ii. p. 642 (1807) ;
Byb. 4- Parr. J. f. O. 18(58, p. 339 (Dauria) ; MiiU. * Dro»te,
J. /. O. 1869, p. 347 (Faroe) ; Gould, B. of Great BrU. v. pi. 31
(1869); B'u>..JifHi;W.iiw,1870, p.340(Turl£ey)i D-ifich, J./. O.
1872, p. 371 (Bohemia); Seoertt. Turkeit. Jevotn. p. 70 (1873);
Brew. B. of Eur. vi. p. 595, pi. 440 (1876) ; id. Ibis, 1876, p. 42i
(Turkestan) ; Blanf. East. Pen. ii. "p. 30-2 (1870) ; Hvme, Str.
Eeath. iy. p. 235 (Oudh) (1876); Briiggem. Zool. Gart. 1876,
p. 366 ; £., SI., R., ii S., J.f. 0. 1877, p. 336 ; Blahtl. ^ Fryer,
Ibii, 1878, p. 215 ; Pleske, J. f. O. 1878, p. flS (E. Russia) ; Seeb.
Ibit, 1879, p. 23 (Japan) ; H"me, Str. Fealh. vii. pp. 441,484, 505
(1879) ; BuMil. ^ Pn/er, Tr. A». Soc. Jap. viii. p. 186 (1880) ;
Sdat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 627 (parL); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl.
CuH. p. 538 (iaS5) ; Blal-Ut,. 3- Pryrr. Tr. As. Soc. Jnp. s. b. 90
(1862) ; B. O. U. Liit Brit. B. p. I.'i7 (1883) ; Sclat. LUt Vert.
47. CLAveuLA. 879
Fbtypm ckogQlm, Hmtx, J. /. 0. 1861, p. 464, 1808, p. 480, 1864,
pp. 07, 191, 1866, p. 155.
BiicephaU daDffala, G. E. Or. Band-Hat^m. p. 87, n. 10606 (1871) ;
Swmk, P. Z S. 1871, p. 419 (China) ; Sundeo, Metk. not, Av. dup.
Tent p. 149 (1872) ; Salvad. Faun. dTItal., Uce. p. 267 (1872) ;
ihmnh. Ibis, 1878, p. 867 ; ffeuffl. Om. N.O.-Afr. ii. 2, p. 1845
(18781 ; CbMM, B. A.- West, p. 576 (part) (1874) ; David §• Oust.
Oi$. Chmey p. 506 (1877) ; Swmh. Ait, 1877, p. 147 (Hakodadi) ;
Gigl Icon. Avif. Ital. fasc. i. sp. & tav. 862 (18/9) ; Bolau, J.f. O.
1881, p. 64 (Suifun) ; Fiori, Atti Soc. Nat. Mod. (3) iii. pp. 31-64,
tav. 1 (1884)* ; DdrrieSy J.f. O. 1888, p. 96.
Glangula hyemalis, Blar^. (nee Linn.) East. Pers. ii. p. 302 (1876)
{ex Polios).
Buoephaliu clangula, Pnev. in Bowl. Om. Misc. iii. p. 106 (Mon-
golia) (1878).
Clangula fflaucium, Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 116, n. 971 bis (1879) ;
Hume 4f Marsh. Game B. of Ind. iii. p. 286, pi. 38 (1880) ; Coues,
BuU. Nutt. Om. Club, 1880, p. 101.
Fuligula (Glaucion) clangula, Kchnw. Om. CentroSd. 1882, p. 6 ; id,
Voff. zool. Gdrt. p. 40 ( 1882).
Glaucionetta clangula, /S^/?;;i. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. 409 (1886) ;
Bidgw. Man. N. Am. B. p. 105 (1887) ; Stejn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus.
X. p. 137 (1887) (Commander I.).
Hybrids.
Mergus anatarius, FinU>. Isis, 1831, p. 800, Taf. iii. ff. a, b (Braun-
schweig) ; Bp. Git. Met. Ucc. Eur. p. 74 (1842) ; ScMeg. Bev.
Crit. p. 109 (1844) (=Ana8clangu lax Mergus albellus); JDegl. 8f
Gerbe, Om. Eur. ii. p. 674, obs. ( 1867) ; Schmidt, Arch. d. Naturg.
in Mecklenb. 1875, pp. 145-146; B. Bias. MT. om. Ver. Wien, 1884,
p. 119 (Kalmarsund) ; Kolthof, (Kfv. K. Vet-Ak. Forh. 1884, no. 9,
pp. 186-189, pis. xxxi., xxxii. (1885) ; B. Bias. Monat. Schufze,
Vogelw. 1887, pp. 377-406, pis. v., vi., and cut (=M. albellus X
Glaucion clangula).
Clangula angustirostris, Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 909, n. 4 (descr. nulla) ;
id. Handb. Vog. Deutschl p. 930 (1831) ( = 2 M. anatarius, Eimb.) ;
Bchnb. Syn. Av., Natatores, t. 74. ff. ia% 104 (1845).
Muthmasslicher Bastard von Anas clangula nnd Merprus albellus,
Naum. Vog. Deutschl. xil pg. 194-197, Titelkupfer (d) (1844).
Anas (Clangula) mergoides, Kjdrb. Om. Danica, Danmark's Fugle,
Suppl. t 30 (t. xlix) (1851 ?) ; id. Naumannia, 1853, p. 329.
Clangula mergoides, Kjdrb. Naumannia, 1853, pp. 11(5, 327 ; id.
J. f. O. 1853, Extraheft, p. 29 ; iii. Om. Danica, Supplement-
tavle Iv. f. 7 (1858).
Anas mergoides, Kjdrbolling ; Wolschke, JB. Annab. Ver. 1883-85,
pp. 112-127, pi. 1 (1886).
Clangula glaucion X Fuligula ferina, Leverk. J. f. 0. 1890, p. 222,
n. 1.
Clangula glaucion X Fuligula marila, Leverk. J. f O. 1890, p. 222,
n.2.
* " Studii anatomici e fisiologioi Bulla trachea della Bucepkala dangula^
eonoparativameote oon quella di altri Anatini "(Ac).
America (Clangula araericana).
Aww clangula, Font. PhU. Tran*. Isii. p. S66 (1772); ffm.
S. N. i. 2, p. 523, u. 23 (port., America) (1788); Latk. I»d.
Ont. ii. p. 807, u. b7 (part) (1790) ; WiU. Am. Om. viiL p. 62,
pi. 67. f. 6 (1814) i Vieill. If. D. v. p. 117 (part, America) (1816) ;
Doughty » Cab. N. H. i. p. 110, pi. 10 (1830).
ClanruU cluTsopljthalmos, part., SUph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 162
(1§24).
FuU(fula clanfTula, Bp. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. p. 393 (part., 182B) ; id.
Syn. p. 393 (ISiiS) ; id. UU, 1832, p. 1189 (part.); Aud. Om.
.ffiiy/-. iv. p. 318, pi. 34-2 lims); id. Syn. p. 292 (1839); id. B.
.4nt.vi, p. 362 (part), pi. 406(1843); Gi>aiid,B. iony W. p.S-W
(1844); Wi^,J.f.O.\mi,^. 178; Wtdd^rb.^ Hurdi»,}iaturaL
in Bermvda, p. 49 (1869), cf. J. f. O. 1859, p. 221 (Bermiuia) ;
Schlfff. Mta. P.-B., Anseres, p. 20 (part.) (1806); Turnh. B.
B. Pa. 1869, p. 80 ; FintcA, Abh. nat. Ver. Brem. iu. p. 66
(1872).
ClaDBTila Tulgans, 8w. ^ Sieh, Faim. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 460
(1831).
FuligiiU (ClanfTula) clan^la, Nutt. Man. ii. p. 441 (1834).
Claa^rula ameiicana, Bp. Comp. Lut, p. 68, n. 392 (1838) ; Egt,
Mon. Annt. u. 167 (1838); O. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 622, n. 2
(1844); Bp. Com/it. Bend, xxxviii. p. 664 (Notei Coil. DelaUre
p, 94) (18o4); id. Compt. Bend, illii. p. 661, n. 147 (1856);
2/einb. P. £. B. Rep. vi. p. 104 (lb57) ; Cab. ^ Gundl. J. /. O.
1857, p. 230 (Cuba?) ; Gundl. J. f. 0. 1862, pp. 93, 191, 1871,
p. 290; ISuirpe, Git. OUeoL Specim. Call. Surg. iii. p. 310 (1891).
Bucpphala americana, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 706 (1858) ; id. Cat. N.
Am. B. n. fi03 (1861)) ; Coep. % Sudd. N. H. Wash. Terr. p. 258
(1860) ; Blahist. IbU, 1862, p. 10 (Brit. N. Am.) ; Rou, Canad.
Nat., Apr. 1862 ; Verr. Pr. E»». Ingt. iii. p. 153 (1862) ; E/tiol,
Ann. Lye. N. K vii. pp. 451-4.>1 (18l!2) ; Blakiit. Ibit, 1863,
'- - . Lie N.r. viii, p 297 (18G6) ; ifro
I
0886) : Tuner, Omtr. N. Jl. Alalia, p. 134 (1886) ; yehm, Kat.
But. CoU. in AUuko, n. 72 (1887): llidgm. Mim. N. Am. B.
0.105(1887); Cny, A>ik,\^g»,^. KJ (Cuba?, RarbiidB); SrA"fcw,
J./O. I891,p. 269; IIatch,B.vf .Miiiaa.a.m (16y2); MacTiay,
Auk, IBM, p. 226.
Hybrids.
Clanjrulft mergifomiia, Cabut, Pr. Sort. Sae. N. JI. v. pp. 6T, 118-
120 (1854) ( = C'laDKiiIaaiueriiuuiaxMer)iuaCLiculI&tus|.
Fuligula aiutricana (l;xMergua cucuUatus, Xcivr^. J. y^ O. 1890,
p 224.
AduU male. Head and upper neck dark glossy green, tlie feathere
on the iTOwn and nape somewliat elongiiied ; chin and throat black ;
a roundish whilo paub on the cheeks near the base of the upper
msndible ; lower neck, breast, and underparts white ; on iho sides
of the vent the feathers have the basea slaty grey showing through ;
fealhera of (ho flanks edged aboyo with Idack, the longer ones on both
webs ; back, rump, and upper tail-coverta black ; inner scapulars
black, the out«r ones white, longer scapulars with a white bond
along the middle ; wings black, with a large white patch covering
Uie central wing-coverta and the outer sccoudariea; the inner
Mcondurics black: under wing-coTcrts greyish black; tail blackish
grey : bill bluish black ; iridcs golden yellow ; feet orange-yellow,
the webs dusky. Total length about IS inches, wing 8-U, tail 4,
cnlmen 1'4, tarsus 1'45.
Pemah. Head and upper neck bair-brown ; a dull white collar
round the lower neck ; upper parts blackish ; mantle. scBpulors, and
upper wing-coverta with palo greyish edges : breast greyish, with
the edges of the feathers whitish ; lower parts white ; aides and
tinnks dull grey, the feathers edged with white ; median wirg-
coverts brown tipped with whitish, the greater ones white tipped
with brown; outer secondaries whit«: the white on the wiug is
defined by the brown band at the tip of the greater coverts ; iguills
dusky brown ; toil dull greyish : bill brownish black, in some
specimens the tip, except the nail, is yellow ; irides and le)>s and
toes as in the male. Total length 17 inches, wing 7'~, culmen 1'33.
Young injirgt plvmage resemble adult females, but are duller in
colour ; the polo collar round the neck is much more obscure, the
grey feathers on the breast have white margins.
Malu in Jirtt nt'idial drefs have less white on the scapulars, the
whit« on the hind lower neck is mottled with brown, as u altio the
whito spot at the base of the bill.
MnUt in tnouhitu/ jilumar/e reaomblo adult females, except that
they retain tho while wing of the adult male.
young in <lown are dark brown on the npper psrta, and paler
brown on the breast and flanks, shading into while on the throat
and into p«lo grey on the belly.
I have not b*'cn nble to distinguish specifically the American from
the I'aliL-arctic Uulden-oye.
Soft. Northern Hemisphere, breeding in the Arctic and Subarctio
regione, in Europe as far south as N. Oennany, Fomerania, the
Caucasus, Siberia; migrates aoath as far as Southern Europe,
rare in Northern Africa, Asia Minor, Persia, N. India, China,
and Japan; in North America breeds from Kaine and Canada north-
ward; in winter south to Mexico and Cuba.
o. cf ad.ak.
Orkneys.
H. J. Elwes, Esq.
[P.]. ^
J. G. Childien, E^.
ZnoLSoc.
t>. ? ad. sk.
Great Britmn.
e. $ ad. Bt.
No locahty.
d. 2 ad. sk.
Scotland.
e-A. d S ad. et
England.
Hume Coll.
<J jUT. sk.
t,*. cJ2ad.8t.
Norfolk, Jan.
Baker Coll.
I. $ ad. sk.
Gt. Yarmouth, Jan. (G. Smith),
Seebohm Coll.
m,n. 6 ad. et ^
Wales.
Earl of Cawdor [P.].
0. 2 ad. sk.
R. Dovpy, Wales, Jan.
Editor of 'Land and
Water ' [P.].
p,q.6 2 ad-Bk.
Carmarthen.
Montsjni Coll.
r. i ad. sk.
Cauibridgi: Market, Nov.
Salvin-Uodman Coll.
.. rfjuv.ak.
Pagham Harbour, March (J.
B. Harting).
Palestine.
H. J. Elfres, Esq.
t. $ iuv. sk.
«.Vjuy.»l'.
Dr. Merrill [P.l
Seebohm Coll.
». 1 id. sk.
Lake SirikuL May (F. Sto-
liczka).
India Museum [P.].
». i juv. sk.
Afghan Delimitation
Conim. [P.].
CoL Yerbury tP.].
X. e juv. sk.
Banks of Indus, Dec.
y. 9tmm.sk.
Ilassanpore, Dec (R. N.
HumeColL
47. OLAirevLi. 883
tf*. $ ad. tk. N. Americft. Lord Ampthill [P.l
o*. J ad. aL Nnkto, Alaska, apring {E. W. SalYin-Godman GolL
Net§on\
lb*. dadaL Big Island. B. H. Roes, Esq. [P.].
jr*. (f ad. ak. Canada. Govemment of d-
nadaTP.].
If*. (fad.aL Godbout, Canada, March (i^.^. Salvin-Godman ColL
Comeau),
s^.o". d $ ad. 8t Nova Scotia. Old ColL
b • (f ad. ak. Lyons Falls, New York, April Salvin-Godman Coll.
A, J, Dayan).
d\ Pall. ak. Adirondacks, New York, June Salvin-Godman ColL
(C H, Merriam),
d\ $ ad. sk. Cape Cod, Massachusetts, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll.
( W. Brewster).
«"• $ ad. sk. Massachusetts, Oct. (H, W. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Henshaw).
'". (^ ad. sk. Illinois (J?. W.Nelson ^Jencks). Salvin-Godman Coll.
y. $ ad. sk. Chicago, Dlinois (Nelson ^ Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jencks).
A", »". cJjuv.sk. Penistons Pond, Bermuda,Feb., Capt. S. G. Reid [P.].
Dec.
A;",/". Skeletons. Europe. Salvin-Godman CoU.
m". Skeleton. England. Purchased.
n". Skeleton. England. Dr. Giinther [P.].
o". Skeleton. England. Purchased.
p"-s^'. Sterna. England. M. Lefebvre [C.].
f'-w". Sterna.
2. Clangnla islandica.
Clangula, Brtss. Om. vi. p. 416, pi. xxxvii. f. 2 (1760).
Iceland Duck, Lath. Syn. lii. 2, p. 545, n. 83 (1785).
Anas islandica, Gm. Syst. N. i. 2, p. 541, n. 116 (1788) ; Lath. Ind.
Om. ii. p. 871, n. 05 (1790) ; Bonn. Enc. MM. i. p. 133 (1700) ;
VieUl. N. D. V. p. 121 (1816) ; Dum. Diet. So,. Nat. vi. pp. 376,
878 (1817) ; Naum. rdy. DeuUchl. xii. p. 186, Taf. 317 (1842) ;
Thtenem. liaise, ii. p. 251, tab. iii. (1827); Kriiper, Naumannia,
1857, i. p. 40; Gieb. Thes. Om. i. p. a54 (1872).
Anas clangula, Faber (nee Linn.), Prodr. Island, Om. p. 71, sp. 5
(1822).
Fuliffula islandica, Steph. Oen. ZooL xii. 2, p. 192 (1824); Schley.
Mus. P.'B., Anseres, p. 121 (1866) ; Finschy Abh. nat. Ver. Brem.
iii. p. 67 (1872) ; ^^6. HUt. Brit. B. iii. p. 593 (18a5).
Clangula scapularis, Brehniy Isis, 1830, p. 999, n.ljid. Voy. Deutschl.
p. 932 (18:31).
Clan^rula barrovii, Sw. ^ Rich. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 456, pi. 70
(ia31), cf. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 132; Gould, B. Fur. v. pi. 380
(1837); Less. Conipl. de Buff., Ois. 2nded. p. 721 (183e5) ; Sw,
An. in Menay. p. 271 (1838) : Bp. Comp. List, p. 58 (1838) ;
^. Mon. Anat. p. 165 (18:38) ; Holhodl, Kroyer's Naturhist.
Tidsskr. iv. p. 437 (1843) ; id. Om. Beitr. Fatrn. Griinl. (Paulsm'%
Uebers.)ia. 66 (1846); Licht Nomencl. Av. p. 102 (1^54).
Fuligula (Cflangula) barrovii, Nutt. Man. ii. p. 444 (1834) ; Sely9,'L.
Faun. Bely. p. 146 (l^<42) ; Z>eyl. Om. Eur. ii. p. 446 (1849; ;
F^er, Beite, p. 409 (1862) ; Bree, B. Eur, iv. p. 104 (186S).
FktTpus barrowi, Heink. (len.), K. Dansk. Seltk. Natvrmd. Aflt.
1«W, p. 103 ; id. Fatm. Groefd. p. 21, ap. 8, f. 8 (!&«).
Fuligula clangula, var., Aud. Orn. Biogr. t. p. 105, pi. 403 (1S39) ;
id. Sya. p. iSii (part.) (1U39); id. B. Am. vii. p. 8^ (part.;
(1843).
B ImiTOirii, Temm. Mm. d'Om. 2Dd ed. iv. p. 661 (1S40) ;
" /. Jiev. CHI. p. csviii (1844) ; Pwal. J./. 0. 18.>% p. 319.
n iBlnndicmn, E. f U. Wirbellh. Ear. pp. Imvi, *i9 (18401.
ClHDgula ukndica, Bp. Cat. Mel. Ucc. Eur. p. 74, d. 4-^9 (1^42) ;
G. R. Gr. Li»t B. BrU. Mm. iii. p. 145 (1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii.
p. 62-J, n. 3 (IS44) ; Schnb. Sgn. Av., Natatory, t. 74. IT. 90-102
(184.5); Stlnh. J.f. 0. 18.74, p. 441 (Givanland); Bp. C'(mpt.
Send, xliii. p. 661, n. 148 (1850) : Stinh. Jftw, 1801, p. 14 (Green-
land, bretdinB) ; Baird, Ihis, 1867: p. 284 ; Drgt. Sf Ovrb. Om.
E»r. ii. p. 544 (1867) ; Sound. BuU. Soc. Zoo/. Fr. ii. p. L>00
(Vaknria!){1877); Drea. B. of Ear. y\. p. 003, pi. 441 (1878);
Sdnl. P. X. S. 1880, p. 527 ; Bidgw. Norn. A". Am. B. a. 619
(1881): Sah. Cat. B. Strickl. CoU. p. 5.38 (188l>); Coutt. CAei-k-
U»t, 2nd cd. p. 116, n. 726 (1882) : B. O. U. Lint Brit. B. p. 131
(1888); Sort/. J./. O. 1883, p. 282(Ala«k«l; Coua, S>a X. Am.
B. 2nd ed. p. 704, n. 726 (1884) ; B., B.,l^ B. Water-B. JV. Am.
ii p. 41 (1884); Sautid. in Yarr^s Hi»t. Brit. B. iv. p. 43«
(ieey-86) ; Trittr. Cat. CoU. B. p. 47 (1889) ; Duboit, Favn. Vtrt.
Bflq., Oil. ii. p. 486, pi, 265 (1892) ; A. Newt. Diet, of B. p. 3l-9
(pt. 2, 18(13).
Bucephfila islandica, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 796 (18.o8) ; id. Cat. N.
Am. B. -a. 504 (1*>0) ; EUia, Ana. Lpc. Ifat. Hitt. X. F. vii.
pp. 449-454 (1862); Boardm. Pi: Bo»t. Soc. N. H. ix. p. 129
(Maine) (1862) ; Blalaet. Ibi», 18(13, p. 148 ; ElUot, B. A". Am. ii.
E: ilvi. (pt. 11, 1866); Couen, Pr. En. Imt. v. p. 300 (X^w
njtlaLd) ; l)aU 4" Bonn. Tr. Chie. Acad. i. p. 08 (Sitlta and the
Yultonj (1869) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-Kit, iii. p. 87. n. 10698 (187H ;
Vouft, Key, p. 290 (1873J ; id. Oeefc-fi^, n. 606 (1873) ; id. Bird*
-".- HVsf, II. 577 (18741.
47.
385
I
wing, formed by the median win^r-coTerts, the tips of the greater
ones, and by the Becondaries, obliquely divided by a black bttod
formed by the base of tho greater coverts ; inner secondaries or
tertials black with a purple gloss ; under wing-coTerts and asil-
laries black ; feathers of the flanks broadly edged with black ; Bides
of the romp black ; eidea of the vent and ont«r under tail-coverts
tinged with dark gre)- ; tail dark brown-grey, with a slight gloss :
bill dark plumbeoas; iris rich yellow; legs and toes yellow, webs
daaky. Total length about 20 inches, wing 9-6, tail 4'5, calmeii
1-45, tarsus 1-55.
Female. Similar to that of C. i/laueioa, but larRcr, the grey of the
chest broader and iiaually deeper, and the white collar narrower ;
greater wing-coverta always (?) distinctly tipped with blackish.
Total length 18 inches, wing S'25-8-75.
Hab. Iceland, occasionally straying to Europe ; Northern Ame-
rica &om Greenland to Alaska, south in winter to New Tork.
Illinois. Utah, &c.
a, b, c. (J ad. Iceland.
Purchased.
d. d ad. sk. Iceland. Prof, A- Newton [P.].
e. rf Ml. ek. N. America {U. H", Henthaw). Salvin-Godraftn Coll.
/, g. cf ad. et Godbout, Canada, March, July Sairin-Godman Coll.
pull. tik. (iV. A. (.hmeau),
k,i,k. (J 2 ad. W. side of Rucky M
:. (J 2 ad. W. side of Rucky Mts. J, K. Lord, Esq. [P,]-
2 imm.sLi.
il $ Hd. sk. Alkali Lake, W. side of Rocky J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.].
Hts.
>. (f ad. sk. OrcM Island, near Vancouver I., Dr. Lyall [P.].
B, p. cJ $ ad. Upper Klamnth Lake, Uregon, Salrin-Godman OoU.
ak. January (A. Forrer).
3. Clangula albeola.
Little Black and White Duck, Eda. Xat. RUt. B. iL pi. 100 (1747)
(Newfoundland),
Buffel'e Head Duck, CaUfb. Card. i. t. 96 ({J){C««>lin«) (1754) ;
Lath. Syn. iii. 2, p. 633, n. 7fi (1785).
Little Brown Duck, CatttA. Coral, i. t. 08 { $ ) (1754) ; Lath. Syn.
Qnerquedula ludoviciana, Briit. Om. vi. p. 431, y\. xli. f. 1 (1760).
Querqueduk carolinensia, Bnu. Om. vi. p. 464 (I'liO).
Anu albeola, Linn. S. !/. i. p. 199, n. 19 ll7Gtt)jer EdiPardt) -,
(. Enc. Mm. i. p. 167, pi. 41. f. 1 (1791) ; Wiii. Am. <Mi.
Tiii. p. 61, pi. 62. B. 2, 3 (1814) ; FunU. N. D. v. p, 119 (1816) ;
Xhiin. DuA. Se. Nat. vi. p. SOS (1817) ; Donotmn, Brit. B. x.
pi. 226(1819); Leu. TV. JOrrt. p. 631 (1831); SchUg. Sea. Cnt.
p. ciii (1844) ; Gitb. Tha. Om. i. p. 344 (1872).
Abm buoephala, imn. S. iV. i. p. 200, n. ai (<J)(1706) [^v CattAy,
t 96) i atn.8.N.i.2, p. 621, n. 21 (1788) ; B<mt. Ene. Mith. L
VOL. zxm. 2 0
p. 127, pi. 35. f. 2 (1790) ; Vieill. N. D. v. p. 169 (1816); Dvm.
Diet. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 382 (1817).
Adu rustjm, Zins. S. N. i. p. 201, n. 24(5) (1766) (tr Catetijf,
t 08); Gm. & N. i. 2, p. 624, n. 24 (1788) ; VieiU. N. B. v.
p. 170 (1816) ; Dum. Diet. Sc. Nat. tI. p. 398 (1817).
Sonelle de la Louisiana, ditto la Religieuse, D'AtAent. PI. Eni. 918
(6).
SareeUe blanche et noire. Buff. Hia. Nat. Ow. ix. p. 284 (1783).
Petit canard tigTo»Betete,£u^. I. e. p. 249 (tj).
Sarcelle de la Caroline, Buff I. c. p. 286 ( 2 )-
CUnftula albeok, Sttph. Gen. Zool. lii. 2, p. 184 (1824); Boie, Iiit,
1826, p. 980; Sw. ^ Xic/t. Faun. Sor.-Am. ii. p. 468 (1831) ;
Jen. Man. p. 246 (1886) (Eogland) ; Eyt. Mon. AntU. p. 164
(1838) ; Bp. (hmp. Liit, p. 58 (1838) ; Vig. Zool. Beech. Voy.
p. S2 (1839) ; Bv. Cat. Met. Ucc. Evr. p. 74 (1B42) ; Harll. Verz.
Get. Mtu. p. 121 (1844) ; G. S. Gr. Uit B. Brit. Mut. iii. p. 144
(1844) i id. Gm. B. iii. p. 692, n. 5 (1844) ; Sclinb. ^. Av.,
Nfttatores, t. 74, ff. 105-106 (1845) ; Bp. Bn. Crit. p. 106 (1850) ;
Baird, Stansbury'i lUp. p. 324 (1852) ; Lickt. NomencL Av. p. 102
(1854); Beivh. J. f. O. 1864, p. 442 (Greenland); Bp. Compt.
Send, xixviii. p. 664 (Not. Call. Delattre, p. 94) (1854) ;
Compt. Rend, iliii. p. 651, n. 149 (1856) ; Nev:b. P. B. R. 1
Ti. p. 104 (1867) ; Cab. ^ Gundl. J. f. 0. 1867, p. 230 (Cuba) ;
Heerm. P. S. S. Rep. x. pt vi. p. 70 (1869) ; Murr. Edinb. New
PhU. Joum. 1869, p. 230; Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. M. vii.
p. 308 (CuU) (1860); Seinh. Ibi», 1861, p. 14 (Greenland);
OundL J. f. 0. 1861, p. 346 (Cuba), 1862, p. 93; Degl
4- Qerbe, Om. Eur. ii. p. 545 (1867); Newt. P. Z. S. 1871,
p. 67 (egg) ! Sartinff, Man. Br. Birds, p. 161 (Great Britain)
(1872) ; Pelz. Ibit, 1873, p. 46 ; Sclal. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1876,
p. 401 ; Dreit. B. of Eta-, vi. p. 569, pi. 439 (1877) ; Scl. P.Z.S.
1880, p. 527; Ridgw. Nirni. N. Am. B. n. 621 (1881); Bran, Pr.
U.S. Nat. Ma>.y. p. 16^ (liS-J) (Un;Ju-"La) ; Coues. Check-lift,
727 (!882); &j/t. Cat. B. Striekl. C-U.x. ~~^
47.
Bucephalti slbeola, Batrd, B. If. Am. p. 797 (1858) ; id. Cat. N.
Am. S. a. 595 (1859) ; Chop. Ji- Sacld. N. H. Wa»h. Terr. p. 259
(1860); Blakist. Ibi», 1862, p. 10, 1863, p. 148; Oras. Ibi», im6,
p. 44 (Texas); Cbua. Pr. Ac. PhUad. 1866, p. 99 (ArixonB):
-. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 297 (1666) ; (haiM. JUpert. Fu.-
I
I
breeding) (1869): Steo. [r.S. Geol. Sun. Terr. 1870, p. 466
(Wyomia?); O. R. Or. Hand-Hit, n. p. 87, n. 10699 (1871);
Aikm, Pr. Soil. Sue. it. p. 210 (CoIorBdo) (1872); C<m»,
Key. p, 290 (1872); id. CAtek-iid N. Am. B. n. 507 (1873);
^ow.B.Eaat.^. 11 (1873); Srlat.^SatB. Nomencl. Av.Neotrap.
p. 130(1873); Cfauea, 2).>d* JV.-JffJf.p. 677 (1874); OuwCV./. O.
1875, p. 383 (Cuba) : Salt. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 428 (Eequiomlt).
Fuliffula (Glauclon) albeola, Bchtm. Orn. Cfntralbi. 1882, p. &.
Cbantonetlaalbeola, «<^.. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mui. no.29,p. 166(1885)
(Oommaader IglaniL!) ; A. O. U. Chech-litt N. Am. B. p. 120,
n. 153 (1886); Tunitr, Cbntr. If. H. of Aiatka, p. 134 (1886) ;
NeUon, Nat. Hist. CoU. in,Ala»ka, p. 72 (1887) : SidfftB. Man. N.
Am. B. p. 106 (1887); Sti^'a. Pr. n.S. Nat. Mui. ±. p. 137 (1887)
(Commander L) ; Cory, Auk, 1888, p. 67 {Caha) ; Satci, B. of
jVmn«. p.66(1892).
Ailulc male. Head and upper half of the neck metallic green,
with H porplo gloes on the crown, sidea of the neck, and throat ; a
large patch of pure white on the sides of the head, eitendiiig from
the eje back to the occiput ; lower neck all round, breast, and
nnderparts pure white; back and mmp black; upper tail-covorta
pearl-jfrt-y ; scapulnrs white, the longer ones tipped with black :
wings black, with a large white patch covering Ihe central wing-
coverts and the Becondariee ; marginal wing-coverts blauk, edged
with white ; under wing-coverts blackish, more or less edged with
white ; BJcillarieB black ; tail dark grey : bill bluish black ; irides
dark brown ; legs and toee pinkiah, the weba and joinU darker.
Total length about 15 iachea, wii^ 7, tail 3'5, culmen 1, tarsus 1*1.
Female. Head and neck brown, with a alight purple glosa ; a
white longitudinal patch on the cheeks and ear-coverts ; uppw
parte blackish brnwn, mmp blacker; upper tail-coverts greyish;
nnderparta white : sides, flanks, vent, and under tail-coverts dull
greyish, alao the breast slightly tinged with grey ; apical half of
the secondaries white, forming the speculum; the greater wing-
coverts have subapicol white spots, and are edged with white at the
tip ; tail brownish grey : bill dnaky, inclining to plumbeous at end
and along commissure ; iris dark brown ; legs and toes dilute
lilao-pink, the weba and joints darker. Total length about 12*5
inches, wing 6, culmen 1, tarsus 1.
Toting mala in the first autumn resemble females.
. Bah. North America, breeding northward from Labrador to
Alaska ; migrating south in wint«r to Mejdco ; occasionally straying
to Cuba, Europe, and U) Asia (Commander Islands).
e. a »d.H
e. e ad-ak.
f. $ Ad. ak.
g. (J ad. sk.
A. 6 ad. ak.
i,1i. 69.fA.tii.
I. $ ad. ak.
Bl, M. P cJ jUT.
ak.
0. <; ad. ak.
p. (J ad. sk.
q,r. (J ad. et
jnv, ak.
1. <; ad. ak.
N. America.
N. America.
N. America.
N, America.
VoDcouver's Island.
Semiahmoo Bay, Vancouver I.,
North Land ExpediUoD.
Fort Reliance, Upper Yukon,
Oct. (E. W. NehoH).
British Columbia.
Eequimalt, Brit Columbia (Qtpt.
Markham).
Potomac B., Eequimalt IJ. J.
Albert).
Clark EenDedr, En.
[CI.
Lord Ampthill [F.].
Salvin-Oodman CoU.
HJ.Elwe8,aq.[P.1.
J. K. Lori,EM.[P.l.
Dr. Ljall [P.].
(, w. (J? ad.
at.
V. $ ad-ak.
w. e ad-ak.
j^. (f ad. ak.
y. $ ad. ak.
«. ^ad.BL
Little Masquaah Harlwur, New
BrunawicE, March (S. E.
4MhParaUeL
Fort Dufierin, April.
North Dakota, May.
Big Moose Lake, New York,
OcL (C. H. Merriam).
Maaaachneette, Oct. {H. W.
Hentkme).
Gibwn, Indiana, April {W.
J.K. Lord,Eaq.[P.].
SalviD-Qodman ColL
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Qovemment of Ca-
nada fP.].
H. J. Elwes, Esq.
[P.].
Old CoU.
N. America Boundarf
Comm. [P.].
N. America Boundaij
Comm. [P.].
£. S. Cameron, Esq,
[P.].
SalTin-Godman ColL
Salvin.Qodman CaiL
Salvin-Oodman ColL
48.
1. Harelda glacialis.
LoDg-teiled Dock from Hudson's Bav, Edm. Birdt, iii, pi. 156 (<J)
(1750).
Long-tailed Duck from New-FoundJnnd, Edw. Glean, of ffat. Hut.
ii. p. ]46, pi. 280 (<f ) (1755) ; Lath. Syn. iu. 2, p. 528, n. 72
(i7Sa).
Adim longicauda islandico, Bruf. Orn. vi. p. 379 (1760).
Auns longicaudn ar Iiwula Terrie-novie, Srui, op, eit. p, 882
(1760).
Querquedula feiroenus, £ci«. ou. ci. p, 466, pL xL f.a ($ or ij juv.)
(1760),
Ana8hyemalw,L«n.S.JV. Lp. 202, n. a>{176(l)i Seop.Am.I.Bitt.
Aat. p. 61, n. 74 (1760) ; Fadr. Faua. Granl. p. 71 (1780) ; Om.
*•. Ji^.i. 2, p, 521", n.29(1788); Bam-Enc. Mm.i.p.l^ [1790);
Uum. Diet. Se. Xat. vi. p. 393 (1817) ; P MinUr. Cat. Rail. Cave.
p. E8(Bakou)(1832).
Aqbs glaciaUs, Lirm. 8. N. i. p. 203, n. 30 (1766) ; Fortt. Xinn. Tran:
Itii. p. 418 (1773) ; Gm. S. JV. i. 2, p. 529, n. 30 (1788) ; Lath.
Ind. On. ii. p. 864, n. 82 (1790) ; Bonn. Erie. JUifh. i. p. 129,
5L 37. t. 4 (1790): PalL Zocyr. Itoiio-Ai. ii. p. 276 (1811);
fettt. Om. Diet. Suppl., dsf. pi. — . f. iii. (tntchen) (1813) ;
WHi-Am. Om. viiL pp. 93, 96, pi. 70. £ 1 (tJ), 3 (2 ) (1814);
r«mni.Mai(.(rOrn. p. 658(1815); FieiU. N. D. y. ^. 122 (1816);
Dum. Diet. Se. Nat. vi. p. 386(1817); Sabintt, Tr. Liim. Soc. x^.
p. 655, pL 30. ff. 3, 4 (tincheft) (1817) ; Temm. Man. 2nd ed. ii.
p. 860 (1820) ; Sabine, App. to Parn/t Ut Vay. p. ecviii (1821) ;
Liekt. Vtn. DpuAl. p. 85 (1823) ; Jtich. App. to ParryU 'ind Voy.
p. 373 (1825) ; Bp. SpercA. Camp. p. 73, n. 269 (1827) : iess, Tr.
•rOrtt. p. 631 (1881); Temm. Man. aOm. \\. p, 653 (1840);
ScUeg. Ecu. CHt. p. cxrii (1844) ; JVaum. Vog. Jieutgcht. xii.
p. 210, pi. 319 (1844) : .«hW. Sidir. Rat. ii. 2, p. 236 (18531.
SMcellB de rial« Ferroe, IfAulxmt. PI. Enl. 999 ( ? ) (17— ?).'
Coiiftrd de Miclon, D'Aubm/.. PL Enl. 1008 (J) (17—?).
Canard ik lonsiie queue de Terre-neuve, Buff, Sitt Nat. Oia. ii.
p.202(ira-i).
AuBB Bswktt, Lfpeeh. Itiner. iii. icoo. bon« {fide PaO. Zooar. R.-A. ii.
p. 276).
Anas miclooia, Bod,t. TaN. Pt. Enl. p. B8, ^l 1008(1783).
Anas bmchyrhynchos, Beteke, Veij/. Kurl. p. 60. pi, 6 (1792).
Adbb leueowpbala, Bcehtt. TatiAmii. ii. Taf. 29 (juv.) (1803).
Anas loogicBuda, Ltath (nee BriM.), Cai. M. ^ B. Brit. Mua. p. 37
(1816).
C\tuiguie,n\aciB.\\f, Leach, in Bou'e Foy.Ditcov., Afip. p.xlviii (1819);
Flem. Phito$. of ZooL ii, p. 260 (1822) ; Boie, Uit, 1822, p, 6W,
n, 1 ; firrAm, Voj/. De>Uichl. p. 837 (1831) ; HM. Faun. Griml.
iPauhen'i frantl) p. 04 (1846).
Platypus Rlncialis. Brehn, Lehrb. tot. Vo>/. ii. p. 840 (1824) ; Faber,
Imi, 1826, p. 323; ScJiHUnff, J. f. O. 1853, p, 378.
Platypus (uberi, Brehm, op. cit. p. 1001 (1824) ; Faber. UU, 1826,
Mareld* (tlacialig, Slvph. Oen. Zool. i
Ste. S[ Rich. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. '
(1835) ; Est. Cat. Brit. B. p. 50 (18;
(1837) j ^t. Man. Anal. pp. 66, 162. pi. 14 (skeleton and trachea)
(leaSji Bp. Cbmp. Xirf, p. 69 (1838); K. ^ B. Wirbelth. Ew.
.. 2, p. 175, pi. 58 (1
50 (18.31) ; Jen. Man. i
■ ; aouid.B.Eur.\
pp. Izxzvii, S29 (1840) ; Bp. Cat. Met. Vcc. Bur. p. 74 (1842) ;
Sara. Yen. Get. Mu». p. 121 (1B44); O. R. Gr. Lut B. BrU.
Mut.m.'p. 145(1844); id ^ni. £.m. p.622 (1844) ; ifcAni.fbn.
Av., Nfttatorea, t. 76. ff. 112-115 (1846); Blyth, Cat. B. JBiw.
A. S. B. p. 307 (1849); Schnb. Av. StfU. Nat. p. Tiii (1962);
lacKt. Nommcl. Av. p. 103 (1864) ; Bp. Compt. Rend, zliii. p. 661,
n. 146 (1866) ; Neicb. P. R. R. Rfp. vi. p. 104 (1867) ; Bmrd, B.
S. Am.y. 800 (1868) ; id. Cat. K. Am. B. n. 697 (1869) ; Murr.
Bdinb. JV. jaa. Joum. 1869, p. aSO (Hudson's Bay) ; Coop. *
Sueki. JV. H. Waih. Terr. p. 281 (1860) ; Reinh. IbU, 1801, p. 14
(Greenland) ; Mou, Canad. Natw. Apr. 1862 (Mackenzie) ; Vrrr.
Pr. Eu. Inst. iii. p. 163 (1862) ; Boardm. Pr. Boat. Soc. ix. p. 139
(1862) ; G. E. Or. List Brit. B. p. 203 (1863) ; Blakitt. Ibia,
1863, p. 149 (Brit. N. Am.) ; Smnh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 824 ;
Malmgr. (Efe. K. Vet.-Ak. Forh. 1863, p. 108, 1864, p. 389 ;
id. J. f. O. 1863, p. 379 (Spitebergen) ; A. Nemt. Ibis, 1865,
p. 516 (SpitabeiKBn) ; Laipr. Ann. Lye. JV. F. riii. p. 297
(1866) ; Whittly, Ibis, 1867, p. 208 (Hakodadi) ; Degl. ^ Otrbe,
Om. Eur. \\. p. 549 (1867) ; Ows, Pr. Eu. Inst. t. p. i08
(1868) ! Broim, Ibis, 1868, p. 426 (Vancouver) ; Dro^e, J.f. O.
1868, p. 43 (Borkum), 1869, p. 347 (Faroe); Eyl. 8m. Anat.
p. 121 (1869); Dall^Rann. Tr. Ckic. Aead. i. p. 298 (1869);
aUUU, Ml, 1870, p. 309 (Nova-Zenilia) ; Gould, B. Great Brit.
T. pi. 33 (1870) ; Sainh. P. Z. 8. 1871, p. 419 (Takoo) ; G. R. Gr.
Hand-lilt, iii. p. 87, n. 10701 (1871) ; Hevgl. J.f.0. 1871, pp. 89,92,
106 (SpiWbergen) ; id. Ibis, 1872, p. 63 ; FiTUch, AbA. Brtm. Ver.
iu. p. 67 (1872) ; Set^L J. /. 0. 1872, p. 122 (NoTBJa Semlja and
WigBtoch) ; Frittch, J. /. 0. 1872, p. 371 ; Couei, Efy, p. 291
(1872) ; id. ChedUia, n. 608 (1873) ; Finsdi, Die Zweite deutieie
yordpolarfa/irt, ii. Vogel, p. 208 (1873) ; Dali, Avif. Aleut. Isl.
Unal. eas/.V!. p. 6 (1873) ; ii. Avif. AUut. Isl. Unal. welt. p. 7
(1874); fiajw. Ann. Lye. JV. Y. x. p. 390 (Lake Michigan)
(1874) i Couei, B. N.-Weit, p. 679 (1874) ; id. ia EUiott't Af.
Alaska. \\ 191 (1875) : Dreu. li. Eur. vi. p. 617, pU. 443 ( £ &
jur.), 444 (J ad.) (1875); Heeb. ^ Harvie Brown, Ibis, 1876
Sharp', Cat- Otteol. Sptcim. Coil. Surg. ni. p. 807 (1801) ; (^Sm'f.
Zooloff. 1892, p. 100 (Suffolk); Dub. Fa»n. Vert, lielg., Oa. ii.
8 489. pi. 2«7 (180i>) ; Peari. Jj- £id». Ibii, \mk, p. I'Sa (N.
«rwav); CoiUlt, Mindrt Mcdd. vedr. Norgu FugUf. 1881-S2,
p. i-ii (IS94).
Auas (Kalipiik) gUciftlia, Bp. Ohi. Nomenel WHi. n. 275 (IffiS),
Fuiijiiiln gluLirJis, Up. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hut. JV. I'ork, ii. p. 396
(182^1) ; id. Im, 1832, p. 1190 ; Savi, Ont. Tok. iii. p. 140 (I&11) :
Idmt. On. Diet, find ed. ii. p. 51B, t. c, p. SIS (trachea] (1831) ;
Aud.Om.BioQT.\v.v.im,f[.i\l%0SSB); ta.fljfli. p.296(1839) ;
id. B. Am. ti. p. 379, pL dlO (1843) ; Seh/»-L. Faun. B^. i.
L148 (18i2) : De Kay, V. Y. Zool. ii. p. 328 (1844) ; Oiraud, B.
ng Id. p. 337 (1844); Degl. Om. Eur. H p. 447 (1844);
WaUengr. Naumannia, irf54, p, 275; SchUg. MiM.P.-B., Anseroa.
p, 23 (1866) : David. N. Arth. du Mui., Bull. vii. Qit. n. 458
(1871) ; Palm^, J./. O. 1876, p. 59 (Flnliud) : Brandt, J./. 0.
1880, p. 240 (Si. Petersburg) ; Sfrb. Sitt. Brit. B. iii. p. 5B8,
pi. 66 (1835) : id. Ibii, 1888, p. 351 (U&kaff Isl.) ; id. B. Jap.
Sinp. p. 252 (N. Japan) (1890); Brandt, J. f. O. 1891, p. 369
(Sitka).
Fuligula (Clan^la) glacialin, Bp. Syn. p. 395 (1828).
Pagonettii Rlaci^lifl, Kmp, Natiirl. Syit. p. 66 (1829).
Cl&DffulH bieitinlis, Brehm, Iiin, 1830, p. 099, u. I ; id. Vog. DmiscU.
p. 033 (1821).
ClaD)iula faberi, Brehm. Iii*, 1830, p. 099, n. 2; id. Viig. DndteM.
p. 935 (Oreenlund) (1831).
ClMgulft toegauios, Brtkm, Itia, 1830, p. 990, n. 3 ; id. Viig. Dadicht.
p. 036 (1831).
CUngula miwicR, BreAm, Im, 1830, p. 900, o, 4 ; id. lUg. DeattM.
p.i&37(1831).
Clnngnlft bnKhjThvnchos. Brthtn, leit, 1830, p. 000, n. 6 ; iJ. Fog.
Deutteia.p.93a\l831).
FuliKula (Hareldn) glacialia, y'utt. Man. ii
Mini. Ac. St. PtUrib. (tf) Sc. Nat. Vi. 1
Om. Cmtralbl. 1882, p. 17 ; id. T'dg. tool. Oart. p. 47 (1882).
Hnraldn glacinlis, Eou, App. to Narr. of a »ee. Voy.,Nat. Bitl, p. xl
(1835) ; &P. Cbut. B. ii. p. 369 (1837).
CTUooDMsa glocinlia, MargiU. Man. Brit. B. ii. p. 186 (1842).
Harclda hiemalis, BreAm, Vogelf. p. 386 (1855) ; id. Naumannia,
1865, p. 299.
H*relda faberi, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 386 (1865) ; id. Naumannia, 1855,
p. 299.
Hweldft brachyrliynchos, Brthm, Vogelf. p, 386 (1855) ; id. JVaw-
maania, 18^5, p. 290.
Horelda meffacerus, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 387 (1856) ; id. Naunuinnia,
1856, p. 200.
Harelda musica, Brehm, II. cc. (1865),
Anaa (Hnrclda) Klacialis, Radde, Sei». S. O.-Sibir. ii. p. 374 (1SG3),
iifloai:ttaglac\alif,Sundev.MetA.nat.Aj>.disp. Tail.p. 140 (1872);
Move), J.f. O. 1875. pp. 433, 434.
GlaucioD byeuialis, ISeixrU. J.f. O. 1875, p. 185.
Hwelda hTerofiliB, Slejn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. t. p. 38 (1882) ; B., B.,
* S. Water-Birdt N. Am. ii. p. 67 (1884) ; Tumrr, Auk, 1886,
p. 158 ; 6/yn. Bull. U.S. Nat. .Vw. no. 29, p. 160 (1886).
CbuiRuln bj-euialis, ^. O, U. CAeck^tl N. Am. B. p. 120, n. 154
(1886); Turner, Omtr. Nat. Hitt. of Alaska, p. 134 (1886);
Nebmt, Nat Hist. Coll. m AUuka, p. 72 (1887) ; RtdgiD. Man. N.
B. p. 106 (1887) ; atejn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mm. x, p. 137 (1887)
in^IOi Hatch, S. of Minnei. y. 67 ('"~"
Am.i
(BerinK , , , , . .
Fuligula hyemalis, ScAmo. Sgtl. Ven. Viig. JkutKhl p. 67 (1869) j
id. J. f. O. 1890, pp. 83, 84 ; Mackay, Auk, 1802, pp. S3&-3S7.
ClM^ula (Harelda) hyemidis, SarUrt, Kat. Vogeteamml. p. 233
Advit male in viinter and tpring nuptitd drett. Head and neck
-white ; forehead and sides of the head pale eooty grey ; on each
tdde of the neck an oral patch, dark brown on the upper part, paler
brown on the lower part ; mantle, back, rump, and median upper
tail-coTorta, breast and winga dark brown, almost black ; rest of
the lower parts, scapulars, and sides of the upper tail-coverts white ;
aides and flanks with a slight grey tinge ; secondaries paler brown
than the rest of the wing ; under win^-coverta brown-black \ central
tail-feathers very long and pointed, black, the next feathers blackish
brown edged with white, the white increases towards the outer
feathers, which are entirely white : nail and basat half of the bill
blackish lead-colour, the intermediate part pale pinkish orange :
irides reddish brown ; legs and feet lead-blue, witJi the weba and
joints blackish. Total length about 22 inches, wing 9, tail 3-5,
central rectrices from 7 to 8, culmen 1-15, tarsus 1-2.5.
FtmaU. Forehead, crown, and back of the neck dark brown;
lores, region behind the eyes, throat, and a ring ronnd the neck
greyish white ; rest of the npper parts dark brown, with pale olive-
brown margins to the feathers of the rump, to the scapulars, wing-
ooverts, and outer web of secondaries ; jugulum brown, changing
into white on the lower parts ; tail greyish brown, with the edges
of the feathers whitish ; the centr^ feathers are not elongated.
Total length about 16 inches.
Towng in firtl plumage resemble adult females, hut the brown
parts are psler and the white ones less white.
Btukal. in Northern
American coatinent
Northern Statee and
a. <f ad.8k.
b, c. cf ad. St
d. Jnv. Bt.
#. <f ad. St
/, S juT. A.
j). cf ad.Bk.
A. (f ad. Ht
il S juT. ale.
k.^ad.tk.
I. a ad. sk.
m. $ ad. bIi.
Japan, and occasionally
it migrates in winter a
thu Great Lakes.
No locality.
Great Britain.
Great Britain.
in China; on the
Ear Bouth as the
P. Meyer, Esq, [P.].
"■ " "rej Egerton
Sir P. Grey I
[P.l.
Old CoTi.
H. J. Elwes, Esq. [P.].
Orkneys.
Orkneys, winter {T. H.
Graemsny, Orkney, Sept. Hargitt ColL
{T.H. Dunn).
Shetland, n inter.
Scotland, Oct.
p. 2 imm. sk,
q. d ad. ek.
r. cf ad. ak.
Edinburgh Market.
WbUb, Norfoik. Jan.
yamwutii, NorfoUf, Jan.
{Ovmi).
DevoDHhire.
Norway, June (H. *).
Norwav, July.
Bodo, Norway, May.
Alexievka, Petchora, June
(H. «.).
Petchora, June [H. S.).
Valley of the Yen-e-say, R
Siberia, let. 89'', July
(ff. S.).
. Schlschutechja, July.
Theodore Fisher gEsq.
[P.].
R. fi. Sbarpe, EHq.
Tweeddale Coll.
Monta^ ColL
Seebobm Coll.
Salvio-Godraan Coll
Sal\in-Godiuao Coll.
Seebohm ColL
y. rf ad. sk.
*, a', (f £ ad. ak.
b'. d ad. ak.
e'. $ ad. sk
If, e'. tf ad. sk.
/.Sad. St
g', k'. i ad.* et imm,
ak.
f,k'. d ad. et djnv. ak
v. m'. d $ ad. ak.
»'. SjUT.sk.
Yezo, Japan.
Hnkodadi, Japan, Jan.,
Feb. {makuton).
Hakodadi, Japan, March
{Hettfim).
HeJiodadi, Japan, Jao.
[H. WhUelii).
N. America (H. W. Hen-
W. side of Rocky Mta.
N. America (Dr. Li/aU).
[, N.W. America.
Point Barrow, Ju
Kotsebue.
. St. Michael's, Alaska, June,
Auv., and Oct (E. W.
NrUon).
Dr. O. Finsch \G.\
Kenneth Loftua, Esq.
[P.].
Tweeddale ColL
Seebohm ColL
Seebohm Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salrin-Godman Coll.
J. K. Lord, Effl. \?.\
Lord Ampthill [P.].
Capt. ColLnson [P.],
Salvin-Oodman Con.
CBptKellett& Lieut.
Wood.
Saliin-Godman Coll.
y', i", S ad. Bk.
a''. (J ad. at.
b". {} ad. ak.
e". e "d- <*.
d". c; ad. ak.
«",/". (J 2 ad. ak.
o". PuU. ak.
A", t". cT ? ad. ak.
k". $ ad. ak.
r, m". d ad. ak.
■'. rf ad. ak.
Stevart'a la., Alaska, June,
Sept. {E. W. Ntbm).
Northern Ezpeditioii.
Vancouver Island.
VanconveT Island.
Repulse Baj.
Lat. 82° 26' 22", Sept.
(Feilden).
BellotIsland,AaK.(J^«>AJn)).
SiscoTery Bav, June.
Safety CoTt, Sept
Greenland.
SalTin-Qodman ColL
SalTin^Oodman () ^
J. K. Lord, Eaq. [P.].
Dr. J. Eae [P *
Voy. H.M.8.
'Alert*
o", p", j". cf $! ad. sk. Nova Scotia.
r",«", c'. d id. et Labrador.
,^^ J ad air
Bar of Fundy, Marcli (Zf.
E. Dretier).
Putnam lUTcr (O. M.
Stowy).
Branbord,Connecticut,I>ec.
{A. J. Dayan).
: NewIIaven, Connecticut,
Nov. (C. H. Merriam ^
A. J. Dayan).
Lake Umbago^, Maine, Oct.
(W. Brewtter).
Lyon's Falls, New York
{,A. J. Damn).
Bridgewater,Massachueett8,
Nov. ( W. Brewater).
Massscbusetts, winter.
Chicago, niinoifl (JJ. W.
Menfkain) ,
Voy.H.M.S. 'Alert'
J. Hart, Esq. [C.l.
Old CoU.
Hume ColL
J. Hart Esq. fCl.
Old Coll.
Seebohm Coll.
Salvin-Qodman ColL
Salviil-Oadniaa C<dL
Salvin-Qodman ColL
SalTiD-Godmnn ColL
Salrin-Godman ColL
Salvin-Oodmaa ColL
Salvin-Oodman ColL
1. Cosmonetta hiatrioiiica.
Harlequin Duck.
Dueky and Spotted Duck, Edw. Nat. Hut. £. ii. pi. 99 ( J) (1746)
(Newfouadland).
Little Brown and White Duck, £tf«-. op. ctt. iii. pi. 167 f 5 ) (1750).
Ana-i torquata ex Insula Tetre-novie, Briit. Om. ti. p. 362 (1760)
{ex Edieards) ; Gerini, Star, dtyli Uce. v. tav. 580 (1776).
Querqueduta Freti Uudsonis, Brm. r^. cti. \i. p. 400 (1760) (&r
Sditar/h, -p]. 157).
Anas histriouicB, Linn. S. N. i. p. 204, a. 35 (g) (176(!); Font.
Linn. Tram. btii. pp. 383, 41» (1772); Gm. H. JV. i. 2, p. 534,
n. 35 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 8Jfl, n. 4S (17aO) ; Bonn.
Enc.mth. 1. P.I46, pi. 36. f. 2 ((J), pi. 31t. f . 2 (2) (1790);
Pall. Zoogr. SotiihM. ii. p. 273 (IHll); WiU. Am. Om. viii.
p. 139, pL. 72. f. 4 (1814) ; Temm. Man. tCOm. p. 678 (1815) ;
rieiTl. a: D. t. p. Ill (1816) i Bum. Diet. Sc. tfat. ri. p. 381
(1817); Temm. Man. 2nd ed. ii. p. ftl78 (1820); LicAt. Fen.
DouiU. p. 85 (Iceland) (1823); iew. Tr.iTOm. p, 631 (1831);
Temm. Man. 2ad ed. it. p. 549 ( 1840) ; Naum. t'dt/. DrutKhl. xij.
p. 199, Taf. 318 (1844) ; &^hley. Ser. Crit. p. cxix (1844) ; Tetmn. ^
SeMeg. Fatm. Jap., Ai'^, pp. 129, 141 (I860J ; Jfiddrnd. SAir.
JReU. iL 2, p. 237 (1853) ; Kriip^, Nauuutnnia, 1857, 3, p. 1
(leel&ad); Kiia. Z)e7i£u>. iL p. 347 (1858); Sidnh. P. Z. 8. 1863,
p. 324 : Gir-A. The«. Om. i. p. 354 (1872) ; van Kanptn, Bull. Soc.
Zool. Fr. 1889, p. 106 (Dunkerque !).
Anas rainuta, Linn. S. A', i. u. 201, ii. 36 ( 5 ) (1760) ; Gm. S. N. i.
2, p. 534, n. 36 (1788); Vieill. N. D. v. pp. 1<H», 170 (1816);
Bum. Diet. Sc. Nat. vi. pp. 385, 398 (1817).
Canard A collier de Torre-neuve, ITAubent. PI. Enl. 793 (rf), 799
( 2 ) (17— :-) : Bug-. Hiit. Nat. Git. ix. p. 250 (1783).
Swcelle hruno el blanche, Buf. op. dt. p. 287 (17d3).
Arlequin Duck, Penu. Aret. Zool. ii. p. 5li0, o. 490 (1785) ; Lath.
Syn. iii. 2, p. 484, n, 37 (1785).
CUnffula histrionica, FUm. Phil, of Zool. li. p. 260 (1822) ; Bine,
hit, 1822, p. 564; Slepk. Oe». Zool. iii. 2, p. 180, pi. 67 (1824) ;
Flem. Brit. Anim. p. 120 (1828) [ Sib. ^ Suih. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii.
p. 459 (1631) ; Jen. Man. Brit. VerC. An. p. 243 (1835) ; R,t. Cat.
Brit. B. p. 69 (1836); iJ. Hi*t. Bai-er BrU. B. p. 84 (1836);
Omld, B. Eur. v. pi. 380 (1837) ; Bp. Comp. Li>l, p. 58 (1838) ;
&f. Mon. Anal. p. 163 (sjn. emend.), pi. lu. a. 1 (akeleton)
(1838) ; MacgiU. M<m. ii. p. 184 (1842) ; G. B. Gr. Li»t B. Bnt.
Mtu. iii. p. 146 (1844); if2. Gen. B. iii. p. 622, n. 4 (1844);
JfcAnA. S^. Av., Natalores, t. 74. ff. 107-111, 885 (1846) ; Beinh.
J.f. O. 1854, p. 442 (Greenland); Lieht. Nomend. Av. p. 103
(1854) ; Bp. Compt. Bend. ii*riii. p. 664 (Notet VoU. Delattm,
p. 94) (1854); lUirJ,. Ibis, 1861, p. 14 (Greenland); WkUelu,
Ibii, 1867, p. 208 (Hakodadi) ; Dyb. ^ Parr. J.f. O. 1808, p. 339
(Dauria); Wright, Ibi,, I860, p. 264 (Malta!); Hnrtiag, P. Z. S.
1871, p. 119 (N. Coast ai Greenland); Gorrod, P. Z. S. 1875,
p. 154 (trachea) ; Stoinh. Ibia, 1876, p. 335 (KamUcliatka), 1877,
p. 147 (Japan); Garrod,P. Z. S.\%l&,'O.A'ie {Xietichea) ; Blakitt.
■ 5- Pryer, Ibii, 1878, p. 215; Seeb. Ibu, 1879, p. 22; BlakUt. *
Pryer, Tr. At. Sor. Jap. viii. p. 186 (1880), x. i>.99 (1882) ; Sartl.
J.f O. 1883. p. 283 (Alaska) ; Triar. Cat. OU.B. p. 47 (1889);
Duboii, Faun. Vert. Bdg., Oi*. ii. p. 488, pi. a66 (1892).
Pl&typiu miDutiu, Brehm, Ldarb. ear. VSg. \\. p. 84S (1824).
HatTpus huUioniciu, Brekm, I. c. p. 848 (1624).
la (Ftiligula) hiBtrionica, Bp. 06t. Nomend: Will. n. 377 (18S5).
Fiiligula biBtrionica, Bp. Ann. Ltfc. If. T. ii. p. 394 (1626) ; id. Su».
p. 894 (18281 ; id. Iiis, 1832, p. 1190 ; Aud. Om. Biogr. iti. p. 613
hSSfi), T. p. 617 (1839) ; id. Syn. p. 304 (1839) ; Selyg-L. Fawt.
Bdg. p. 147 (1842) ; Aud. B. Amer. vi. p. 374, pi. 409 (1843) ;
De Kay, N. Y. Zool. ii. p. 331 (1844) ; Giraud, B. Long I,L p. 339
(1844) ; Deal. Om. Eur. ii. p. 451 (1849) ; l&:lat. P. Z. S. 1865,
p. 618 (Hnkodadi) ; Sehleg. Mus. P.-B., Anseree, p. 22 (1866) ;
lV3no.iW<«<;A.t/MW.n. 308 (1867); Palmtn,J.f. O. 1876, p. 68
(PFiDland); &e6. Ifiu, 1883, p. 384 (Archangel) ; id. Hitt.BriL
B. iii. p. 594, pi. 65 (egg) (1885) ; id. B. Japan. Emp. p. 258
(1890); BeknJB. J. f. O. 1890, p. 84; Brandt, J. f. O. 1891,
p. 2l<9.
Anas (IlutrioDicus) hialrionica, Lei». Man. d'Om. ii. p. 416 (1828).
Gofimoneaw histrionica, Kaup, Natiirl. Si/tt. p. 46 (1829).
CoBmoQetta hietrionica, Kaup, Natiirt. Syit. p. 190 (1829) ; Sundeti.
Metk. nat. Av. ditp. Tent. p. 149 (1872) ; Dreti. B. of Mir. vL
pp. 609, 613 (1877) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 627; Salv. Cat. B.
Striekl Coll. p. 538 (1882) ; B. O. U. Litt Brit. B. p. 132 (1883) ;
Sound, in Yarrelit Hitt. BriL B. iv. p. 4fi3 (1884-85) ; TWvt,
Zo-Oog. 1887, p. 70; Saand. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 319 (Fame Isl.) ;
Gu/l. 4- Salvad. ibid. p. 591 (Olga Bay) ; Salvad. ^ Gigl. Mem. R.
Ae. Se. Tor. (3) sxiii. pp. 119 (Cores), 131 (JKpau) (1888) ; Sawtd.
Ibii, 1881, p. 184 (Switzerland).
FuliguU (Clangnlii] hietrionica, Nuti. Man. Om, U.S. and Canada,
u. p. 448 (1834).
HaMlda Mitrionica, K. * B. WirbfltA. Ettr. pp. Uxivii, 330 (1840) :
Bp. Oil. Met. Uec. Eur. p. 74 (1842) ; Finseh, Abh. Bran. Ver.
iii. p. 67 (Alaska) (1872); Taa:. J!/. 0. 1873, p.llO, ie74,p.337,
1875, p. 267 (Ussuri) ; id. Om. Faun. Volt. S3>ir. p. 71 (1877) ;
id. BhU. Soc. Zool. JV. ii. p. 47 (1877) ; id. J.f. O. 1878, p. 4SS
(lloleteia) ; id. Bull. Soc. Zoul. Fr. viii. p. B44 (KamtscbatliB)
(1883).
49. COSHONETTA,
iyc. N. y. viii. p. -jaT (18W)) ; Sroicii, IbU, 18«8, p. 426 (Van-
couver I.) ; Tuntb. B. R Pa. p. 40 (1808) ; Doll ^ Bann. Tr.
Okie. Ac. 1869, p. :!»8 {Yukon, breeding) ; Geuld, B. af Great
Srit. V. pi. 32 (1869) ; Cvuet, &^ N. Am. B. p. 291 (1872) ; id.
(Aeck-lut.a. 610 (ISTB) ; Ball, Avif. Aleut, lit. Vnal. mistw. p. 5
(1873); Jlidffio. Atm. Lye. N. ¥. z. p. 300 (Lake Michi^]
I
H whitish
(1874)i CbuM, B. N.-WeA, p. 578 (1874); id. in EUiot/^g
Aloik. Affairs, p. 191 (1875) ; Dreii. B. of Eur. vi. pi. 442
(18":) ; «.««, BuU. GtiA. * Gcogr. Sun. W. n. 3, p. 653 (Dakota &
Mont»n«) [isral; J'rt.'ott, Monoyr. Sfai-I»l. p. 130 (1881).
BistrioalciiB torquatue, a. minutft, Sp. Cotnpt. Rettd. xliii. p. 651
(IBoU),
Anas (llutelda) histrionica, Sehrmick, Rfit. Amuri. i. p. 483 (1660) ;
Saddr, Reii. 8. O.-SUnr. ii. p. 374 (1863) (Biuk&l).
Buceplialn (Ilintriouicus) histrioaica, G. R. Gr. Hand-titt, iii, p. 67,
n. 10700(1871).
HialrioDicuB niiiiutua, Drea. B. of Eur. m. p. 613 (1877) ; Ctmet,
Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, y. p. 101 (1880); Ridj/a. Nam. N. Am. B.
n. am (1881) ; Couee, Chrck-ttst, 2ad ed. p. 115, d. 730 (1683) ;
Steamt, Pr. U.S. Ifal. Mu». 1883, p. li» (Ubrador) ; jtfemom.
Bull. NiOt. Orn. Ctah, viii. p. 220 (1883) (Newfoundland) ;
Heltim, Crime ' Condn,' p. 98 (1883) ; B., B., ^ R. Walei-B. N.
Am. ii. p. 52 (1884) ; Coa^n, Ky N. Am. B. '2uA ed. p. 707
(1884); Nehrl. J.f. 0. 1885. p. 147 (lUinoi*).
Bucephala hialrionica. Bolau, J.f O. 1880, p. 132 (Afikoid), 1886,
p. 46.
Fuligula (Cosmoncttn) liistriontca, Rch-niB. Orn. Centratbl. 1882.
p. 5; id. Fog. cool. Gart. p. 47 (1882).
Adalt male. General pluraage oF a bluish riate or plumbeous
ooloar, almost black on the neck, rump, upper and under tidl-
oorerts ; from the base of the culmeu over the crown to the occiput
K black band, margined anteriorly with white, posteriorly with
oheatnut on each Hide ; at the base of the bill a broad patoh of
irhite ; a spot on the ear-coverts and a band on the aides of the
neck white ; round the lower part of the neck a white collar,
margined with black, incomplete anteriorly ; on the sides of the
breast a crescentic white baud, margined with black anteriorly and
posteriorly ; a white baud along the middle of the scapulars ; abdo-
men greyish brown; Hanks chestnut; a white spot just at the base
of the under taU-0OTert«, on each side ; wings dark slaty grey ;
seoondaries dark metallic blue, forming the speculum ; the inner
Moondaries broadly white, margined with black on the outer web ;
a wbttu subupioal baud at the tip of the greater wing-coverts, and
a few hidden while round spots on the anterior median wing-
coverts ; under wing-coverta and axillnries dusky grey; tail slaty
black : bill deep leud-blue, the nail lighter; iris dark brown ; legs
brown, the webs blackish. Total length about I7'5u inches, wing 8,
toil 4'5, culmen 1-2, tarsus 1*35.
Female. Upper parts dark brown, with an olivaceous tinge; a
whitish patch in front and below the eyes : another on the ear-
corerts; vings and tail blackisli; underparta brown, bat the ftdgen
of the feathera whitish, prodaoiDg a mottled appearance ; lower
flanks brown-olive; under tail-coverts with a rusty tinge. Total
length about 13'5 inches, wing 6-75, tail 3-5, onlmen 1, tarsus 1*2.
Toung mala are slightly darker than female on the upper parts.
Mala in Jirit n-aptial drat are mottled with white on the chla
and throat, the belly is suffused with brown, and there is scarcely
any chestnut on the flanks, and the white on the scapulars is very
restricted.
Mala in numlting drat resemble the females, but show a lai^
whitish pat«h on the anterior part of the sides of the head, extended
even under the eyes ; there are traces of the chestnut bands on the
sides of the crown posteriorly; some black feathers among the
brown of the neck, a narrow white band on the sides of the nape ;
a few white feathera edged with black on the aides of the breast
(Mut. Turin).
Toung in down have the upper parts dark brown ; underparta
white, but the brown extending slightly on the breast and fianhs,
a pair of white spots on the sides of the rump, and a second pair
on the wings ; a whitish spot above and anteriorly to the eyes ;
throat white, abruptly defined firom the brown upper half of the
head.
Hob. Iceland, accidentally in Europe ; Northern North America,
south in winter to the Uiddle States and California ; North-eastern
Asia, south in wint«r to Japan ; west of Lake Baikal ; is reported to
breed in the Ural.
Furehaaed.
H. J. Elwes, Esq.
[P.].
^, «. (^ $ ad. sk. Amoorland {Dr. Middm- Seebohm Coa
^^^^^^^^^^^^p
399 ^H
^^M «'- cf jUT. sk. Lickenasset, Greenland
Hatgitt Coll. ^^1
Hume ColL ^^|
^M f. 9 nd. «k. Labrfldor.
Gould Coll. ^H
^H g\ cf uL sk. Labrador.
Seebohm Coll. ^H
^H A', .-. d 2 ad. *. Bay of Fundy, Nov. (IT. £.
Salvin-Godman ColL ^H
^H &'. ^ ad. Bk. Hudson's Ba;.
Hudson Bay Com- ^^|
^H r, Jiiv. Bk. Chief Mountiun Lake, Aug.
panv [P.I. ^H
\sl E: (^ou^b [C.l ^H
N.America Boundary ^^H
^H m'. 9 ad. sk. 4»ch ParaUel.
^1 n', •>'. (J £ nd. sk. Godbout, Canada, April, May
Comm. [P-l ^H
SalTin-Oodman ColL ^H
^H (N. A. Conuau).
^M «'. S ad. ak. Ciuitula.
Govt, of Canada [P.]. ^H
Salvin-Qodman Coll ^H
jH^ q\ ? 2 ad. ak. Maine, Feb. {if. Hardy).
IE f', »'. if ad. et cf Hancock Co., Maine, Jan., Feb.
Solvin-Oodman ColL ^^1
jiiT.ek. (M.mrd„).
t. Skeleton. GreeoJand.
M. MtillerrC.]. ^H
M. I^febWe [6.]. ^H
■If «', V. Sterna. Europe.
to'. Trachea with larynx.
^H
50. (EDEHIA.
_ .Type. ^1
1 . . (E. mgm. ^^H
Oidemia, Fleming, Phil, of Zool. ii. p. 260 (1832
Melanitta, Soio, I«s, 1822, p. 584
... (E. niDTn. ^^H
Ania, Leaeh m Mat. Brit., fide SUph. Gen. Zool. ^^M
xiL 3, p, 312 (1824).
^H
(1828) .....^.. .*..
... (E. fuscaP ^H
HacroTbaropbus (eubgun.), Leu. op. dl. p.
414 H
(1828)
... (E. perspicdlata. ^H
CEdemia, Strick Ann. S( Mag. N. if. vii. p.
(1841).
1
^H
p, 149 (1872) (nomen emend. =Melamlta).
^H
Bange. Confined to Northern Hemisphere.
^H
and 0. pert^Uala) iu New England " (Auk, viit. pp. 279-290, ^H
1891). Tnmbull, G., " Our Seotera " (Auk, is.
pp. 153-160, 1892). ^m
Mnckay. Q. H.. •' The Spring Migration of the Scoters in 1892 " ^H
(I. e. pp. 292-294).
^H
Reij to the Speekt.
^^k
a. Length of commissure much less than inner
^^H
loe without claw ; bill of adult male much
■wollen on top at base ; wing without white
tpeculum ((Edeuia).
<!■. Nail of bill much flattened, scarcely hooked
at tip. Adult tnalf. Bill black, with a
yellow or oranjre spot or band on culmen
U) front of the basal knob, or even extended
^^^^H
along the middle of it AdaU femaU :
1
400 AltATIDX.
Above aooij blown, beouth palar ; bill
wboUy duekj, the boeal half of tbu culmen
level, or Bcarcelv if at all elevated at ba«e . Mtfpra, p. 401.
A*. Nail of tdll less natteued, Bumewb&t BTcbed,
and hooked at tip. Adall male : Basal
half of upper mandible, including -whole
knob, yellow or oTsn^fe ; r«Bt, including
entire edge, black. Aduit female : Above
dutkj greyish biown, the feathers of dorsal
region with paler tipH ; bill uniform
blackish amerkaria, p. 4
b. Length of commissure much more than length
of mner toe without claw,
o*. Feathering of bead advancing farther forward
on lores than on forehead ; wing with a
white speculum (Melanetta).
c". Loml feathers separated from nostril by
a space nearly or quite equal to length of
nostril. Adult mate : Lower part of
swollen basal portion of upper mandible
OD udes unfeathered ; basal portion of
culmen elevated, but not forming an
abrupt knob; plumage black,iilso on the
flanks. Adutl female: Sooty greyish, or
dudcy gtevish brown, darker above ; no
white on need fi^ca, p. 400.
~". Loral feathering separated &om nostrils
' y a space much narrower than length
f nostril. Male with swollen lateral
_aseof upper mandible entirely feathered.
(f". Lateral outlines of bill convex ; knob
of the male with anterior outline
sloping backwards; plumage black,
but flanks olive-brown deglandi, p. 40!
'. Lateral outlinesof bill nearly
S;
1. (Edemia nigra.
Whilk, iMter, PhU. Trans, nv. p. 1160, n. 4 (1685).
Anas nigra, Briu. Om. vi. p. 420, pi. jtiiviii. f. 2 (1760).
Anna niCTB, Linn. S. N. i. p. 196, n. 7 (1766) i Gm. $. N. i. 2, p. 608,
n. 7 (1786); Lath. Ind. O™. ii. p. 848, n. 43(1700); Bonn. Enc.
MHJx. i. p. 130. pi. 85. f. 4 (1790); Tfmm. Man. p. 664 (1815) ; Lrack,
Cat. M. 4- B. Brit. Mas. p. 39 (1816) ; VieiS. N. D. v, p, 123
(1816) J Oum. Biel. Se. Nat. vi. p. 347 (1817) ; Tetnm. Man. 2nd
ed. ii. p. 866 (1820) : Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 86 (18^3) ; Bp. Speech.
Comp. p. 72, n. 22» (1827) ; Leu. Man. itOm. ii. p. 414 (1828) ;
id. tr. JOrn, p. 630, n. 25 (part.) (1S31) ; Temm. Man. 2nd ed.
iv. p. 543 (part,) (1840) ; Ekhta. Famt. Ca^no-Otuc. p. 43 (1841):
SAltg. Bee. Crit. p. ciTii (JSi4); Ifmtm. rUg. Deutscht. wi.
p. 108, Tftf. 312 (1844) ; Middend. S&ir. Ret*, il p. 236 (Bnga-
nidn) (1863); Martin, J.f. 0. 18$3, p. 208: ffii*. Thn. Om. i.
p. 358 (1872).
F Alma cinereo, i
Gem. Nat. Deutichl. ii. p. 660, no. I6 (1791).
Hadi Diver or Scoter, Pimn. Bril. ZooL ii. p. 684, n. 273 (1776) ;
Lath. Syn. iii. 2. p. 480, n, 36 (1786).
Macrause, D'Aubrnt. PI. Enl. 978 { tf ) (17— ?) ; Buff. Hitt. Nat. Oil.
is. p. 234. pi. 16 (1783).
WeiBsbockenente, Naum. Nalurff. d. Land- u. Wruterv. iii. p. 374,
t.70. fl'. 91 (2),92((JjuT.K1799>; Bfehtt. Taiehfnb. u. p. 445
(Anm.) (1803), iv. p. 5»0 (1812).
Anas cineniscens, Sechtt. Om. TascAfnb. ii. p, 437 (1803) ; id.
Naturg. Drultehi. iv. p. 1026 (1809) ; Temm. Man. iTOm. p. 6S5
(1815) ; rieiU. N. D. v. p, Ufi (1816) ; id. Em. Mitk. i. p. 358,
D. 107 (1826) (rf. Naum. Vby. Deutechl. xii. p. 108, 1844).
Anas atra. Patt. Zoogr. Souo-At. ii. p. 247 (1811) (Caapian).
Oidemia nij^o, Flem. Phil, of Zaoi. ii. p. 260 (1822) ; Steph. Oen.
Zool. Iii. 3, p. 213 (1824) ; JV«n. BrU. An. p. 119 (1S28) ; Sw.
CUiu. B. ii. p. 368 (1887) ; Goh«, B. Eur. t. pi. 378 (1837); Bp.
Cwnp. Zirf.p, 58, n. 421(1838); R^B. Wir6elth.Eii.-.m.ixsiyi,
228 (1840) ; Uartl. Verz. Oa. Mm. p. 120 (1844) ; G. R. Or. Luit
B. Brit. Mat. iii. p. 140 (1844) ; Id. Oen. B. iii. p. 625, n. 1
(1844); Rcha. San. Av., Natatorea, t 81. ff. 141-144 (1846);
Bli/th, Cat. B. Mta. A. 8. B. p. 307, n. 1792 (1849) ; Boll-, J.f. O.
IS-'ifi, p. 315 (Spain); Bp. Compt. Read, xliii. p. 651, a. 131
(1856) ; Loehe. Oat. Mamm. et Oii. Afyir. p. 143 (1858) ; Povi/*,
Ibis, 1860, p. 3'>4 (Ionian IbI.) ; Gould, B. of Grtat Brit. v. pi. 28
(pL II, 1862); Nnrdm. J.f. O. 1864, p. 378 (FinlaDd and Up-
land); De-jl. S( Gerhe, Om. Eur. ii p. S60 (1867;; G. R. Or.
Hand-lut, iii. p. 89, n. 10710 (1871) ; Salead. Faun, d'llal, Use.
p. 269 (1872) ; FriUrh, J.f. O. 1872, p. 372 (Bohemia) ; Bogdan.
aHiigeth. u. Vdg. der m. u. unl. Wolga (Rum.), p. 151; K/id(U,
Omit Caucai. p. 459 (1884) (Caspian ¥) ; Dub. linm. Vert. Belg.,
Oit. ii. p. 500, pi. 270 (1893) ; CoUett, Nut Mag.f. Naiura. xxxv.
p. 294 (1894).
Helanitta nigra, Bote. Iai», 1822, p. 664, n. 396 ; Brehm, Ima, 1830,
p. 998, D. 4; la. Vog. lieuUckl. p, 903 (1831); Egt. Mm. Anat.
p. 146, pi. 12. f. 1 (oemiphaKUS, proventriculua, stomach, and
trachea), r. 2 (c»ca) (1838); ^.i^.Anat.f. 102(1869).
Flatvpns niger, Brehm. Lekrh. Nalurg. eur. Vog. p. 820 (1824) ;
'■'-"- ^ ' " ""=% p. 377 1 Bikk, J.f. O. 1854, p, 309.
liger, Brel
, J.f. 0. 11
Fnligula nigra, part, Bp. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hut. N. Y. ii. p. 880
(1826); &r.",f>m. Toitciii. p. 127(1831); P A««. Jtton. ii. p.42S
(Coast of United SUtea) (1834) ; Begl Om. Ear. ii. p. 470(1849) ;
Brandt, yordl. Ural, etc. ii. -p. 71 (KaraSea) (1866); &A6y.3rw.
P.-S., Anseres, p, 18 (IStW); Palmitt, J./. O. 1876, p. 57
{Finland} ; Seeb. Hilt. Brit. B. iii. p. 602, pt OS (egg) (1886) :
Brandt, J./. O. 1880, p. 249 (St Petersburg).
Uelaoitta Qigripes, Brehm, liu, 1630, p. 998, n. 1 ; tJ. Fog. DeuttcH.
p. 901 (1831).
Uelanitta megauroa, Brekm, Ita, 1830, p. 998, n. 2; id. Fog.
DniUda. p. 902 (1831).
Melmiitta gibbers, Srtkm, Isis, 1830, p. 098, □. 3 ; id. Vbg. DaatdU.
p. 902 (1831).
<Edemia nigra, Bp. Cat. Mel. Uec. Eur. p. 73, n. 448 (1842);
Xirft. Nommci. Av. p. 103 (1854) ; Brehm, Vogetf. p. 383 {18.56) ;
More, Ibi», 1805, p. M5 (breeding in Scotland) ; Godm. Ibit. Ie66,
p, 102 (Azores ■[*); Ztrogi*, J!/. O. 1866, p. 390 (Borkum) ; Triilr.
xbit, 1868, p. 328 (Paleatine ?) ; Smith, ibid. p. 456 (Portugal);
Gadm. Nat. Hid. Azora, p. 37 (1870) ; ?GiUdt, Ibis, 1870, p. 308
(Novaya Zemlya P) ; Elw. \ Buckl. Aid. p. 340 (Albsnia) ; Saund.
Ibit, I87I, p. 397 (S. Spain); Hetu/l. Ibii, 18T2, p. 64 (Nova
Zranlia and Wajgatsch) ; id. J.f. 0. 187a, p. 123 ; Sujidfo. Meth.
nat. Av. digp. Tent. p. 149 (1872) ; AUt. ^ H.-Brtmm, Ibit, 1873,
p. 71 ; Irby, Om. Sir. Oibr. p. 206 (1876) ; Serf. ^ H.-Broum,
IbJi, 1876, p. 447 (Lower PetAora) ; Bbmf. East. Pert. ii. p. 303
(1876) ; Drets. B. of Ew. vi, p. 663, pL 449 (1877) ; Finsch, Ibit,
1877, pp 68,69,61; Seeb. Ibis. 1879, p. 160 (Siberia); J"inic*,
Vtrh. z.-b. Ga. Wien, 1879, p. 153 (W. Siberia) ; Sclat. P. Z. S.
1880, p. 628; G^l. Ibis, 1881, p. 215 (Italy); Sclat. P. Z. S.
1882, p. 184 (P) ; Seeb. Ibis, 1882, p. 229 (Astrakhan) ; Sate. Cat.
B. StridcL Coll. p. 540 (part.) (1882); Seeb. Ibis, 1883, p. 35
(Caspian P) i Irby, ibid. p. 189 f Santander) ; B. O. V. Hal Brit.
£. p. 136 (18S3); &/n(. iMf I W(. ^n. Htb .il. p. 441 (1883);
'■■ I. IbU, 1884, p. 70 (Ouadalquivir) ; ? Tristr. Frnai. if Flor.
>. lie (1884) ; B., B.. i R. Water-B. N. Am. i
Adult female. Entire plumage velvety black, with u dark purplo
glosK OD bead and neck aad a ^eeniah one on the back ; nuderparts
rather duller, with a brownish tinge ; biU black, except a yellow
patch on the culmen round the noatrilfi, the base Bwollen into a
roundish bulb ; iris dark brown : legs and £eet brownish black,
darkest on the webs. Total lengti about 20 inches, wing 9'5, tail
6% culmen 19, tardus lo.
naU. Dark brown, paler below, the feathers with lighter
edges : sides of the head and of the upper part of the neck and throat
dull grey, with a brownish tinge ; bill without the bulb at the base,
only slightly swollen towards thu base of Iho upper mandible, dull
black in colour.
Ttmng. Resembles the female, but it is duller and rather more
nniform in colour, and much more white on the abdomen.
A ;/otiny male resembles the female, but lias many black feathers.
SlaltB in moulting-dress nrs unknown.
Tomu/ in down are unspotted dark brown on the upper parts and
■cross the breast; throat white ; belly greyish brown ; bill blackish
jilumbeous ; legs olivaceous.
tfa6. Northern parts of the Paleearctic Region, cast to the Taimyr
Peninsula ; winters in the Baltic and on the coasts of W»eteni
Europe, occasionally straying aa far aonth as the Azores and the
Mediterranean.
$ ad. St.
1 dad.ak.
5 juT. flk,
dad. 8k.
(ireat Britain,
r^ndon Market, Feb.
Aberdeenshire ( W. C.
Ai^iu).
Otuthness, June.
Holkham Bay, Norfolk,
Somenetshire,
Somersetehire.
KintTEbury Reservoir.
Cambridge Market, Feb.,
Nov,
Devonshire, Jan.
Fowey, Cornwall, Aug.
Southampton Water, Jan.
Ih-thp, Ni>v.
Tiingier.
Tangier (Olcem).
Tunis.
Archangel.
Tetchora,
Purchased.
Seebohm Coll.
H. J. Elwes, Esq. [P.].
Colonel Irby Koi Cspt,
Beid [P.].
Capt. Feilden [P,],
H. J. Elwes, ]
Bev. A. Morgan [P.].
Hon. W. C. Fit«-
maorice[P.].
Montagu Coll.
io^Si
i
E. Reynolds, Esq. [P.'
Dr. Giinther [P.].
R. E. Colea, Esq. [P.
H. J. Elwea, Esq. "
F. J, Favier, Esq.
Shelley Coll.
L. Fraserf C],
R. B. Sharpe,
[P.].
Seebohm Coll.
2d2
ASATIDA.
!, a'. (J juT. et Fetchora River. Colonel Feildoi [P.l
pull.Bk.
V. c-. 2 aa. et Schtochnlaclij*, W. Si- Dr. 0. FiiiBch [C.].
pull. ME. beria, July.
2. (Edemia americana.
Anu nisra, WiU. (nee Linn.) Amrr. Om. viii. p^ 135, pi. 73 (1814) ;
Bp. Spteck. Comp. p, 72, n. 249 (1827); Ttmm. Man. rfOm.
2nd Bd. IT. p. 643 (purt., Japan) (1840).
Ansa (FuligiJa) nigra, Bp. Oi*. Nomencl. WiU. n. 267 (1826).
FulifiTila nigra, part., Bp. Aim. Lye. Nat. Hut. N. Y. ii. p. 390
(1826) i id. Syn. p. 390 (1828).
Petite MacreuBe,i:<M. Tr. d'Om. p. 630, n. 26 (1831) (Newfound-
land) ; Pucker. See. et Mag. de Zool. 1860, p. 6»5 (=<£. ameri-
cana) ; Hartt. J./. O. 1856, p. 420.
Oidemia americana, Sa. ^ Bich. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 4oO (1831);
Bp. Camp. Lint, p. 68, n. 386 (1838) ; G. B. Gr. Liit B. Brit.
Mut. iii. p. 140 (1844); id. Gen. B. iii. p. 626, n, 2 (1844);
Behrd). Syn. At., NatatoreB, t. 81. f. 140 (1846) ; Bp. Compt. Rend.
xixviii. p. 664 (Not. CoU. Delattre, p. 944) (1654) ; id. Compt.
Rend. xBi. p. 061 , n. 132 (1856) ; Nejd,. P. R. R. Bep. vi. p. 1(M
(1867) ; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 807 (1868) ; id. Cat. N. Am. B.
n. 604 (1869) ; Murr. Edinb. N. Phil. Joum. 1859, p. 231 ; Coop.
^ Suckl N. B. Wash. Terr. p. 203 (1860) ; Verr. A. £m. Intr.
iii. p. 169(1862): Blakiit, Ibis, 1863, p. 149 (Hudson's Bar);
Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 297 (1866) ; Degl ^ Oerbe, fti.
2 (obaerv.) (1867) ; Ball ^ Batm. Tr. Chic. Ac. Se. i-
p^ 300 (1869) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-Uit, iii. p. 89, n. 10711 (1871) ;
Too. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. viii. p. 344 (Eamtschatka) (1683);
Ndtrl J.f. O. 1886, p. 148 (lUiiiois) ; Stem. BuU. U.S. Nat. Miu.
no. 29, p. 174 (Commander IbI.) (1886) ; Turner, Cbntr. N. H. of
Alaxkn, p. 137 ( 188(i) ; A. O. U. Check4i»t N. Am. B. p. 133,
I. lOa (1886) ; Jrrfyio. Mm. N. Am. B. p. Ill, n. 163(1887):
50. (EDEKU. 405
Ibig, 1873, p. 367 (Aleutian Iri.) ; DaU, Am/. AleuL Id. Phai
easta. p. 6 (1873) ; Cou-ji, B. N.- Wt*t, p. 581 ( 1874) i Dreu. B. of
Eur. ¥1. p, 687 (1877) i Blakid. ^ Pryer, lint, 1878, p. 216
(Japan); Adanu, ibid. p. 433 (Micholaski) ; Sttb. Ibi», 1879,
p. 23 (Hakodate) ; BUikitt. ^ Pryer, Tr. As. Soc. Jap. riii, p. 187
(ISSO); Selal. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 529; Ridow. Norn. If. Am. B.
0.030(1881); G>ue», OtecMitt, 2od ed. p. 116, n. 737(1882);
BhiUl. * Pryer, Tr. Ai. Soe. Jap. x. p. 100 (1882) (Kurile Isi,
breeding) ; SUarm. Pr. U.S. Nat. Miu. 1883, p. 121 (Labrador) j
Nfb^, Cruae • Cbnom,' p. 102 (1883) ; BiafcU. Amend. Litt B.
Jap. p. 9 (1884) : B., B., ^ R. Water-B. N. Am. ii. p. 89 (1884) ;
Couf», Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 713, n. 737 (1884) ; Savnd.
TarreiTt Silt. BrU. B. iv. p. 474 (1884-86); Tamtr, Atik, 1885,
p. 158 (Nearer lal, Alaska) ; Mattehie * Ziemer, J. f. 0. 1885,
p. 192 ; Salvad. ^ Oigi. Mem. R. Ac. Se. Tor. (2) uuix. p. 131
(^Yamada, Japan) (1888) ; Trialr. Cat. CoU. B. p. 47 (1888).
(Edemia nigra, part., Swinh. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 324 (Japan) ; Sak.
Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 540 (™ecim. a, PennBylvania) (1882).
[CKdemUl minor, Leu. tide G. R. Or. Hand-list, iii, p. 89 (in mm.
0.ainericanai)(1871).
Anas wiUoni, GiA. Thes. Orn. i. p. 365 (1672).
Uixlemia nigra, vnr, ameriuaoa, Rldgw. Anm. Lye. y. T. s. p. 390
(1874) (Lake Mjcbigau) ; Dub. Faun. Vert. Belg., Oi». ii. p. fiOO
(1892).
Fo^gula ((Edamift) americana, RcAmo. Om. Ctnlralbl. 1882, p. 17.
FuliguJa nigra americana, Sab. Jlisl. Brit. B. iu. p. 602 (1885).
Similar to (E, niijra, but nail of bill distinctly arched and deddedly
liookod at the tip.
Adult malt. Similar to the male of (E. nipnif but basal half of
iqtper maudible, including whole of kuob, " light yellow or canary-
jeUow, riolily dyed at the sides with scarlet vermilion, deeply at
and near the uostrils, and lightly towards the base ; irides deep
brown ; feet dark brown, shaded with black, webs black" (TVum-
hdt). Total length 17-21-50 inches, wing 8-75-9-50, culmen
1-65-1-80, tarsus 1-65-2-OU.
Female. Above dusky greyish brown ; the feathers of the back
with paler tips ; lower parts paler greyish brown, the lighter tips
Itroader bat wunting on the posterior portions ; lateral and under-
parta of head nearly uniform light greyish browri, in decided
contrast with dark brown of pileum and nape (Au^wai/) : "bill
llhuik or blackish, irregularly marked with yellow; feet warm olive-
lirown, shaded with black on the inner aide ; webs black" (T'rum-
Jufl).
Youiui in aatninn. Eesembles the fetoalo, but light part of head
considerably lighter ; throat, pale buff or dull whitish ; lower surface
of the body very pale, approaching whitish, and faintly spotted
with the brown or greyish brown of the fore breast and posterior
legion ; bill greyish black {Trumball).
Young in down. Apparently indistinguishable from the same
tage of (E. nigra.
Bah. North America and North-eastern Asia ; in America
"breeding in the north, in winter migrating south to New Jersey, the
Great LakM, and CalifomiB ; in Asia breeding in the Eoriles, in
winter sonth to Japan.
a~4. d $ ad. et N. America. HudsoD's Bay Co.
inun, ak. et«L [P.].
*. <J ad. ak. Eepulae Bay. Dr. J. Rae [P.J.
^. <f ad. ak. Nova Scotia. Capt. Blakiaton rP.].
0, A, 1. <; $ ad. Lvon'H Fall^, New York, Sept. Salvin-Oodman CoIL
A. iA. J. Dmatt).
k. (} juT. ak. Biauford, Connectieut, Nor. Salriu-Godnian Coll.
(A. J. Dayan).
1. Jut. ak. Chicago, niinoia (S. W. Sen- Salvin-Godnian Coll.
m-v. cf $ ad., St. Michael's, Alaska, June, SalTin-Godman CoU.
juv.,et pull. ak. Aug., Sept.,Oct.(£. W. Jfelum).
v>,x. cf $ ad. ^ Aleutian Ib. ( Vomtseiukt/). Seebohm CoU.
y, (. (f ad. sk. Hokodadi, Jaran, Feb., March Seebohm CoIL
(Henton ^ Bidkuton).
a', b'. J $ ad. ak. Yokohama, Japan (IT. Pryer). Seebohm CoU.
3. (Edemia fusca.
Velvet Scoter.
Anaa nigra major, Britt. Orn. vi. p. 423 (1760).
Anaa fusca, Lxnn. S. N. i. p. 196, n. 6 (1766) ; Gm. 8. N. i. 3, p. 507,
n. e (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 848, q. 44 (1790) ; Bonn. Bne.
JIfflA. i.p. 140, pi. 36. f. lC(J),pl 31. f. 4 (2) (1790); Lath. TV.
Lmn. Soe. iv. p. 119, t. xt. S. 3-7 (tnchea) (1798) ; Tenm. Man.
(fOrn. p.d62(1616); VieiU. N. D. n. f. 124(1816); Dum. Diet.
Sc. Nat. Ti. p. 348 (1817) ; Temm. Man, d'Om. 2nd ed. ii. p. 854
(1820) ; Bp. ^toch. Comp. p. 72, d. 228 (1827) ; Leal. Man. kOrn.
ii. p. 414 (1828) ; Ym-r. Tr. Linn. Soc. ivi. 2, p. 321, pL xxi. fi. 2, S
(trachea) (1830); Len. Tr. d'Om. p. 630(1831); Temm. Man.
<rOni.iv.p.64;)(1840); &vt;w.£fG. 6Vit.p.cxTii(1844); Naum.
50. (EDEUA.
407
Lid B. BrU. Mm. iii. p. 141 (part) (1844); id. Otn. B. iii.
p. 623, n. S (1644) ; Rchob. ^/«. Av., Natatores, t. 81.
ff. 137-139 (184S); id. Av. Svit. Nat. p. viii, t. riii. (1852);
BolU, J./. O. 1855, p. 315 (Spain) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1660, p. 442
(Zoiil. Gard.) ; Nordm. J. f. O. 11564, p. 378 (Finland uid Lap-
Uud) ; Satead. J.f. 0. 1866, p. 326 (Slirdinia) ; Df /H. Viaffi/io
in Pn-i. p. ai2 (1865) (Lake Gotbaha) ; Gould, B. Great Brit.
T. pi, 29 (1867); Degl. $ Gerbr, Oni. £w. u. p. 562 (1867);
CW&«, Horff. Fagk. p. 67 (1868) ; Miilla; J.f. O. 1869, p. 347
(Furoe) ; DroiU, Vogtlvi. Sorkum'i, p. 309 (1869) ; Coltett, Om.
Bemarkn. 1%1\, p, 217; Mew, (Efi>. K. f'ft.-Ak. FSrh. 1871,
p. 783 (ArchftngBl) ; Salead. Faun, d'ltal., Ucc. p. 369 (1872) ;
Fi-UtcA, J.f. O. 1872, p. 372 (Bohemifi); Fi»eher, J.f. O. 1873,
p. 890 (St. Petoreburg); ffmgl. On. If.O.-A/r. ii. 2, p. 1347
(1873); DeFii.J.f.0. 1876, p. 189 (Lake Gotksha); Beinh. Fid.
Med. Xat. For. Kjobuni. 1879-80, p. 7 (3. Oreeoland) ; Sadde,
Omig Caaeoi. p. 459 (1884); Haiiert, Eat. ViigeUammL p. 233
(1891); CiUett, Mindre Medd. vedr. Norge» FigUf. 1881-92,
Melimitta fiuca, Boie, Int. 1822, p. 584, n. 3
Iti». 1830, p. 998 ; i^. Viig. DeuUehl. p. '
,1826,p.980iJr«Ani,
U, p. 998 ; \d. fog. DeuUehl p. 905 (1831) ; F^t. Mm.
Anat. p. 147 (part.), pi. i. f. 2 (trachea) (ia?8) ; id. Syn. Anal.
p. 104(1869); G. R. Gr.JIand-iia, iii. p. 89, n. 10714(1871);
Oarrod, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 164 (trachea), 1878, p. 479.
Platypus fuacufl, BreAm, Lehrb. Naturg. eitr. Vag. ii. p. 822 (1834) ;
Schilling, J.f. 0. 1863, p. 378 ; Si:hia, J.f. 0. 1861, p. 239.
Fuligula fiucB, port., Bp. Ann. Luc. N. 1^ ii. p. 390 (183C) ; id.
^n. p. 300 (part.) (1828); Savi, Om. Tote. iii. p. 128 (1831);
Bp. Im, 1832, p. U88 (part., Italy); Degl. Om. Eur. ii. p. 472
(1849) ; Suhleg. Mia. P.-B., Aoietes, p. 16 (part.) (1866) j Senerts.
Turkeit. JeBotn. -p. 70 (1870); Palmin, J.f. 0. 1876, p. 68 (Fin-
land) ; Brandt, J. f. O. 1880, _p. 249 (St. Petersbuin) ; Seeb.
Bid. Brit. B. iii. p. 60G{part.), pr.65 (egg) (1885) ; id. B. Japan.
Emp. p. 250 (part.), %. p. 2-51 (head) (1890).
Melamtta homschuchii. Brehm, his, 1830, p. 998, n. 1 ; id. Vog.
/tntfi'M. p. 904(1831).
Uelaoiita megapus, Brehm, his, 1830, p. 998, n. 3 ; id. Fog. DeuUehl.
p. 906 (1831),
Melanitu pUtyrhynchos, Brehm, Itit, 1830, p. 998, n. 4 j «. VSg.
Deut-M. p,'e07 (1831).
UelnnetM (uses, Bp. lam. Amf. Ital., Uce. Introd.p. 17(1841); id.
Compt. Send, iliii. p. 661, n. 129 (1856); LocAe. Cat. M. et O.
Algir. p, 143 (1868) ; B., B., ^ R. WaUr-B. N. Am. U. pp. 93,
97 (pan.) (1884).
(Edamia fusca, Bp. Cat. Met. Uee. Eur. p. 73, n. 447 (1842) ; Jtapp.
Sgtt. Ueberi.jp. 138, n. 600 (1845) (EWpt); Rep. Caune. Z. R.
1863. p. 16 (Zool. Card.) ; Ucht. Nomend. Ae. p, 103 (1851) ;
Botif, J.f. O. 1855, p. 315 {Spain); Htugl. mtt. Ueb. p. 07
(1856) ; Droite, J.f. 0. 1866, p. 391 (Borkum) ; ? Toffl. J. f. O.
i870,p.3l2(Daun»); Ooebel, J.f. O. 1871, p. 25 (N. RuBsla) ;
Hfffl. Ibis, 1872, p. 64; id. J.f. O. 1872, p. 123 (Noraja Semlis
u. WigalMh) : Shell. B. of Egypt, p. 202 (1872) : Ai<t. * M.-Brown.
JAM, 1873, p. 71 : Brooke, ibid. p. 345 (Sardinia) ; Dattf. ^
H.-Brown, Ibii, 1875, p. 428 (TtanBylvania) ; Dreu. Ibi*. 1876,
p^ 420; Seeb. * S.-Broum, Ibii, 1876, p, 448 (Lower Petchora) ;
Btmf. Batt. Pen. iL p. 303 (1876) ; Dresf. B. of Eur. \i. p. 657,
pL 448 (1877) ; Tiiuch, IbtM, 1877, pp. 58, 50, 61 ; id. rerh. =.-6.
Oet. Wien, 1879, p. 153 (W. Siberia) ; Setb. IbU, 1880, p. 194
{ Yen-e-Mi) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 529 ; Gigl. Ibi», 1881, p. 216
(Jtftl;); Sah. Cat. B. StricM. Coll. p. 540 (1682)1 StA. Ibit,
1882, p. 229 (ABtrakan), 18^3, p. 189 (Caspian P) j Irby, ibid.
p. 189 (Saataoder) ; R O. U. Lit! Brit. B. p. 136 (1863) ; Sound.
m rairetr» Hi»t. Brit. B. iv. p. 476 (1684-85) ; Salted. El. Uee.
Ital. p. 267 (1886) ; Trittr. Cat. CoU. B. p. 47 (1889) ; BchKK.
J.f. O. 1800, pp. 83, 84 ; Skarpe, Oat. Otteol. Spftam. R. C. S.
u[. p. 308 (laSl); LUford, Cot. Fig. Brit. B. pt nil pL —
(1892).
CEdemia hornechuchii, Brehm, VogeU. p. 388 (1865) j id. Aoumannia,
1856, p. 299.
<Edpmia ineirapiui, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 383 (1866) ; id. A'aumanma,
1866, p. 299.
<Edemia plamhjDcbos, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 384 (1865) ; id. Nau-
mamia, 1865, p. 299.
FuliRula (<Edeii]ia) fueca, Jtchnm. Orn. CaUraibl. 1882, p. 17 ; id
Voff. tool. Gdrt. p. 48 (1883).
Melanonetta fusca, Heine ^ Bcinio. Nomend. Mu». Ilein. Orn. p. 349
(1890).
Hybrid.
(EdamiB fiiscaxClanguU Klaucion, Leverk. J. f. O. 1890, pp. 222,
223.
Adtdt malt. Geoeral plumage uniform Telvet-btack ; eyelids
and a small patch under each eje white ; BecoDdarieB and tipe
of the greater wing-coTerta white, forming a conspicuous band
acroea the wing ! beak pale orange, baaed and edged with black, a
diagonal line of the same black colour running from each noetril to
the uail of the beak ; iridea chalk-white ; legs and toes dull orimson-
red, mcmbraneB nearlj' binds. Totiil length 22 inches, wing ll-2(i.
n. (J ad. Bk.
*. cf juv. 8t
c,d,e. (Jaietjuv.
/,S. d ad. St.
A. Juv. at
i. PuU. Hk.
F*. $ ad. sk.
P J Hd. .^.
Pk Skeleton.
' n, o,p. Sterna 'with
snouldeivgirdlBs.
g. Trachea with
larjM.
Orkaeys. H. J. Elwes, Esq
Great Britain. Piirchaaed.
St. Audraws, Fifeahire, Tweeddale Coll,
Jan. (-fi. G. W. R.).
Abbeville, Franc«.
Volga.
SchlachutachjajW. Siberia,
July.
?N. America.
Purchased.
M. BaiUon [C.].
Gould Coll.
I>r. O. Finsch [C,].
Hudson's Bsj Co.
Zool. Soc.
M. Lefebrre'fl ColL
4. (Edemia deg^landi.
i.p. 137, pi. 73 (1814) ;
Anas fusca. Wilt, (jtrc Linn.) Am. Orn.
Bp. Speah. Comp. p. 72, n. 348 (1827); Leu. Tr. d'Om. p.
(part.) (1831) : Gieb. The*. Orn. i. p. 352 (part.) (1872).
Anas (Fuligula) fiisca, Bp. Obi. Nomencl. Wilton, u. 266 (
Fuligula fuaea, port., Bp. Ann. Ijye. N. Y. ii. p. 300(1826;
5^. p. 390 (1828); id. Ina, 1832, p. llf"
Biogr. iii. p. 4&4, pi. 247 (1836) ; id. Syn.
Am. vi. p. 332, pi. 401 (1843) ; IhKuv,
). 328 (18«) ( Wied, J. /. O.
. . '^
i (part) ; Aud. Orn.
, pi. 247 (1836) ; Mf. *>», p. 2!SI (1839); id. B.
. yi. o. 332, pi. 401 (1843) ; IhKuv, JV. F. Zool. ii. p. 337
(1844); Gir. B. Long hi. p. 328 (l&M); Wi,
p. 178 i Sehlfg. Mm. P.-S., Anseres, p. 17 (port.) (1866).
LHdeoia fiisca, Sw. ijr Sich. (nee ' " - " - ■ "
(1831) ; Bp. Comp. Litt, p. 57, i
i! 617 (1972).
Fuligula (Oidemia) fusca. JVutt. Man. ii. p. 419 (1834).
Melaoitta fusca. part., Ei/t. Man. Anai. p. 147 (1838).
Fuligula bimaculaia, Herbert, Field Sportt, 2nd ed. ii. p. 366, with
fig- (immature) (^1848).
Double Macreuse d'Ani^riqne, Degl. Orn. Eur. ii. p. 474 (1849).
Oidemia deglandi, Bp. Rn\ Crit. p. 108 (1850); id. Compl. Bend.
niviii. p. 604 (AW. CoO. DdaUre, p. 94) (part.) (1854) ; Df^l.
5- Gerbe. Oiti. Eur. ii. p. 8C3 (1867) ; A. O. U. Ckech-liit N. An.
B. p. 124, n. im (1886) ; flirfjro. Man. JV. Am. B. p. 112 (1887) ;
Mackag, Auk, ISOl, p. 27a ; TntmbuU. Auk, 1892. pp. 157-160;
Mackay, ibid. p. 305; Hatch. B. of Minna, f. 70 (1892).
Wdemia velvetino, Ca*r. Pr. Acad. PIdlad, v, p. 126 (Doc. 1850)
{Atl. roast uf N. Am.).
Melanetta deirlondi, Bp. Compl. Bend, xliii. p. ^51, n. 130 (1866).
Melanetta velvetias, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 806 (1858) ; id. Cat. N.
Am. B. n 601 (1859) ; Coop. * Sucki. X H. Wash. Terr, p, 269
(1860) ; Wheat. Ohio Agrie. Ra>. do. 268 (18W) (Uke Erie)
" ■ ■ ■^hiiaJ. 18"* — - - - --
I, iV. Acad. Phila.
t, Oanad. Nalur. i
(1862); Fm-. />.£».. /nrf. iii. p. 153(1862); Boardm. Pr.Bott.
Sao. U. p. 130 (1802) ; Blakid. Ibis, 1863, p. 149 (part., Brit. N.
America); Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 297 (1866) ; Brovnt,
Ibit, 1868, p. 426 (Vancouver Isl.) ; Oaua, Pr. Eit. Inst. v. p. SCO
(1608) i ttf. Pr. £oH. Soc. N. O. xii. p. 126 (1868) ; Sidgw. Am.
i«e.jr. F.x.p.300(1874)(La]ieMii;liigan}; Eidgv).Nom.N.Ani.
B. n. 633 (1881) ; Steams, Fr. U.S. Nat. Mm. 1883, p. 121
(Labrador) ; B., B., ^ S. Water-B. N. Am. ii. p. 93 (1884);
Nehrl. J.f. O. 1885, p. 148 (Illinoia).
CKdemia (Pelionetta) bunaculaU, Saird, B. JV. Am. p. 808 (1868).
Melsnitto deglfuidii, put., O. S. Or. Hand-litC, iii. u. SU, n. 10715
(1871).
(Edemia fused, var. (P), Couei, Key, p. 294 (1872) ; ut. ChmskJut,
no. 617 (1873) ; id. B. S.-West, p. 581 (1874).
CEdemia fuses, b. volvetina, Coue$, B. N.-Wat, p. 682 (1874).
CEdemia TslvetinB, Sciat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 629.
(Edemia fusca, Couei (nee Linn.), Ckeckriitt, 2nd ed. p. 116, n. 738
(1882) : id. Key N. Am. B. p. 714, d. 738 (1884).
Fuligula (Oikieiiiia) velvetina, Schnw. Om. Centralbl. 1882, p. 17.
Fullgula fusca velTetica, &^. Hut. Brit. B. iii. p. 006 (1885) ; id.
B. Jap. Emp. p. 261 (tig. of the head) (1890).
Adult male, Bimilar to (S.ftuea, bnt the whit« mark under the
fljes more extended and the flanks olive-brown ; the base of the
cnlmen much higher, and the feathering at the base of the bill much
more extended, the loral feathering being separated from noetrila
by a space much narrower than length of nostril ; male vith
eiroUen lateral base of upper mandible entirely feathered, bo that
the feathers come down nearly to the edge of upper mandible;
width of bill at widest part equal to or greater than distanoe from
noetril to tip, the lateral outlines atronglf convex; knob with
ant«rior ontline sloping backward ; distance from frontal feathering
to where outline of knob b^ins to incline downward not more than
0*45; colour of bill, in life, orange-red. Length iy-76'23'00 inches,
wing 10-65-11-40, culmen 1-4O-1-70, tarsus 1-80-2-10.
Female. Similar to that of (B. fusea, but easily to be reoognixed
by the space separating the loral feathers being narrower than the
5. (Edemia carbo.
Aniw carbo, pnrt., Pall. Zoogr. Jionso-At. ii. p, 244 (1811) (Kamt-
schBlka) ; VBp. Compi. Jtend. xxsviii. p. 664 (A'lX. Colt. Ifelatin,
p. 04) (1854).
AoAsfuBCB, part., Trmrn. Man. ifOrn. 2nd ed. It. p. 543 (1840)
(Japan); Midd. Sihir. Jia^. ii. p. 238 (1863) (South coaat of
Ocbutek Bea); Kitll. Dmkw. i. p. L>60 (1868) (SiUia); Homey.
J./. O. 1870, p. 43a (E. Siberin).
Oidemia de^^lauiTi, part., Bp. Compt. Rend, ixxviii. p, 064 {Not. Coll.
Xklanrf,-^.^) (1854) (specim. from California?); UteJH. (nw
Bp.) Om. Rcpl. m the Conwu III. and KamtxJtatka, p. 174 [188S)
(Kaiatscbfttka, Beriug I.) ; A. 0. U. Check-iitt N. Am. B. p. 124
(1886) (partimP specim. from CaUfoniia ?) : ? Tvmrr, C^tr. N.
B. of Alaska, p. 1»7 (1886) (Aleutitm Islimde, St. MicLael'B,
Unalaelis) ; f Ifeltm, Ifat. Hut. CaU. in At<uka, p. 81 (1887)
(Alaaka, Lower Yukon, Silka) ; Gigl. ^ Sati-ad. P. Z. S. 1887,
p. 690 (Posaietle Bay Wid Japan): Sihal. J.f. O. 1891, p. a08
(Sitka).
P Oidemia carbo, Oim. U.S. Expl. Exjieil., Mamm. ^ Om. p. 344 (1858)
(OreffOD, California).
An** (Oidemia) fusca, Bndde, Beu. S. O.-Slbir. ii. p. 373 (1863)
(Mongolia, K. Mandshuria, Port Ma;).
MeUnetla velvetioa, BtalM. Ibii, 1863, p. 140 (YoDetaie) ; Daa ^
Bonn, {nee Caia.) Tr. Chic. Aead. i. p. 300 (18l!0) (Yukon, Sitka) ;
DaU, Avif. Aletd. Itl. Unal. eaMw. p. U (1873) ; Ridgw. Pr. V.tS.
Nat. Mu». vii. p. 68 (1884) (Alaska).
(Edemia aniericana, Sun'nA. (nee Sw.) IMb, 1803, p. 435 ( Yaiig-t«2e) ;
id. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 334, 1871, p. 419,
FuUgula fiuca. Dart., Schltg. Mut. P.-B., Ansere!>, p. 16 (1866)
(gpecimena 14, 15 from Japan) ; Seeb. B. Jap, Emp. p. 250 (pa«.)
(1800) ; Brandt. J.f. 0. 1891, p, 268 (Sitka).
(Edemia fuaca, Smnh. (net iiVm.) P. '£. S. 1863, p. 324 (Amoor-
land): tt-hitelu {nee Linn.), Ibii,lBli7, p. 2m {Rakoditdt); Sumth.
P.Z.S. 1871, p. 419; Fimch, Ahh. Fer. fir«.i. iii. p. B9 (1872) ;
Steinh. Ibis, 1873, p. 307 (China) ; ? Dyb. J.f. O. 1873, p. 110 (E.
Siberia) ; ? Hfual. J.f. O. 1874, p. 402 (Sbanghai) ; Smnh. Ibit,
1874, p. 424 (Cdefoo), 1875, p. 457 (HnkodadiO; Toes. BuU. Soe.
Zoot. Fr. ii. p. 48 (1877) (E. aiberia) ; id. Om. /bun. Vott. Sibir.
p. 71 (1877)1 David^ Oust. Oi». Chine, p. 504 (1877) ; Slatdit. ^
PrytT, Ibis, 1878, p. 25 (Veto, Sendai) ; lid. Trant. As. Soc. Jap.
X. p. 100 (1882) (Japan, Kuriles) ; Blakiit. ChryMnth. 1883, p. 27;
BUtkist. Amend. List B. Jap. p. 9, n. 62 (1884); Sl^. BuU. U.S.
Nat. Mu». BO. S0. p. 176 (188S) ; NfUon, N. H. Coll. in Alaska,
p. 23 (1887) (ef. Ilns, 1889, p. 249); Stgan, Ibis, 1891, pp. 828,
497 (Nankin).
CEdemia velvetina, part,, Finseh, Abh. Vtr. Brem. lit. p. 68 (1872)
( Alexandra vsk) ; SteinA. Ibis, 1875, p. 457 (Yxng-tMe) ; Blalaet.
tr Pryer, Tr. As. Soc. Jap. x. p. 101 (1882) (Yang-twe) ; Stuan,
Ibu, 1891, pp. 328,498.
Mdanetla fiisca, Nelimi (nee Zimi.), Cruise ' Cwtmn,' p. 102 (1883)
(Bering Str., Kolzebue Sound); IHt^. Pr. f/S. Nat. Mus. vii.
fc68 (1884) (Alaaka) ; B., B., * B. Hatrr-B. N. Am. ii. pp. 93.
(pBrt.l(1884); Matichie v. Ziemer.J.f. O. 1885, p. IS2(Una-
laaka, Norton Sound),
Oidemia atejnei,'eri, Bidsw. Man. N. Atu. B. p. 112 (1887) (Kamt-
Bchdtka, Japan); Slfjn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Miu. i. p. 188 (1887)
(Coromander Islande) ; Gigl.^ Saivod. P.Z.S. 1887, p. 592 (note);
Salvad. ^ Gigl. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) mii. p. 119 (PossUtto
Bay), p. 132 (Jajwa) (1888).
Fuliffala fiiBcs Btein«£reri, Seeli. 'B. Jap. Etna. pp. 2S0 (Sfrare of tbe
head), 262 (181»).
AiaU male. Bimilar to the male of (E. deglandi, but black of the
plumage tunallymuch more inteuBe, and white mark under tlie eye
more extended backwards on the temporal region ; knob on tiie
oulmen much more olcrated, and with anterior outline decidedly
concave, the top forming a more or less conspicuous projection ;
distance from frontal feathers along top of knob to ant«ior extre-
mity not lesB than 0'5d ; sides of bill bright red in life.
Female. Similar to the female of (E. deglandi, but the line of the
frontal feathering almost transverse, not forming an angle protruding
anteriorly ; in that respect resembles the female of (E. funM, from
which it differs in the feathering of the loral region descending
lower than the nostril.
Sab. North-eastern Asia, south in winter to Japan and China ;
? North-weBt«m America, south in winter to California.
(There are no adult Bpecimens from Alaska in the British
Hnsenm, so that I am unable to decide whether Alaskan birds
really belong to <E, earbo.)
a,b. c;Sad.Bk.
e. a ad. sk.
d. (J ad. Bt.
e-A. tJ 2 ad. et
AmooMand (Jl. Maack).
China.
Slianghai, China.
Shan gh si, China, March
(S. SwiTihoe).
Foochow, Jan.
Kiirile Island (0..
llakodadi. Janan. Feb.
SeebohmColL
Purchased.
F. Webb, Esq. [P.].
Saebohni ColL
50. SOBUM.
413
p. 312 (egg) (1800): id. Ibii, 1862, p. 72 (lieligoktid) ; OW.
Thfi. Om. i. p. aSfl (1872).
Canard du Nord, apeUS la Mwchand, D'Aubent. B. Enl. 996 (17— ?).
Macreuee & large bee. Buff. Hint. Nat. Oil. ii. p. 344 (1783).
Anas latirostrifl, £odd. Tabt. Fl. Bnl. p. 56. d. 1)96 ( I7d3].
Black Duck, Pmn, Arct. Zool. ii. p. 660, n. 48» 11765) ; Lath. ^n.
iii. 2, p. 479, n.35(1786).
MeUnitM pecspicillata, Bote, lag, 1823, p. S64; &/t. Man. Anat.
p. 146 (1838) ; Eyt. Syn. Anat. p. 103 (1669).
Plntypufl perspicilUlus, Brehm, LrArb. AW. rur. Vog. u.p. 823 (1824).
(Hdemia perapicillata, Strpi. Gen. Zvol. zii. S, p. 219 (1824) ; i%fn.
£r. vln. p. 119 (1828); &w. 4- JtieA. -Faun. Jior.-Am. ii. p. 449
(1831) ; Jard. 4- Stlb. lU. Orn. iii. pL ckxxv. (1835) ; Jen. Man.
p. 240 (1835); Eyt. Gt/. fn'f. i7. p. o9 (1836) : id. Hitt. a/ Bar.
Sril. B. p, 81 (1830) j Svi. Class. B. iL n. 3tJ8 (1837) ; Gould, 3.
Bur. V. pi. 376 {1»J7); £p. Campt. LUt, p. 67 (1838); K. It
£. Wirbekh. Bur. pp. twiri, 228 (1840) : Ma^L Man. ii.
p. 181 (1842) ; HaM. Vers. Ga. Mtu. p. 120 (1844) ; G. S. Gr.
lilt B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 141 (1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii. p. 63d, a. 4
(1844); Gone, if. Am. p. 408 (1847); UarU. Arch./. Naturg.
18S2, i. p. 122 (1852): Bp. Compt. Bend, xliii. p. 664 (185ij)
(CMifomia) i Neieb. Pr. R. S. Rep. vi. p. 104 (1857) ; Ntlst. Skandin.
Btun. (ed. 1868> p. 465 ; Cat. U.S. Krplor. Erped., Mamm. Jj- Om.
p. 344 (18681 ; Beerm. Pr. B. E, Rep. x. pi. n. p. 70 (1868) ; Murr.
Edmb. N. i%/. Jmtra. 1869, p. 230 ; Reinh. Ibia, 1861, p. 14
(UreenlaDd); Nordm. J.f. O. 1864, p. 378; J)egi. ^ Oerbt, Om.
Eur. ii. p. 663 (1867) ; Gould, B. of Great Brit. v. pi, 30 (1867) ;
Tumi. Birds E. Fa. p. 37 (1869) ; Mull. J. f. O. 18U9, p. 347
(Faroe P) ; Cmes, Pr. Phiiad. Ai'ai 1871, p. 27 ; id. Kty S. Am.
B. p. 294, n. 518 (1872); Harting, Br. B. p. 163 (1872) (Great
Brilun) ; Feild. Zoulog. 1872, p. 3!i55 (Faeroe, accidanta]) ;
Raah. Vidauk. Medd. EjUbenh. 1861, p. 183 (UrBenland);
TWrorr, Contr. Nat. But. ^Alaska, p. 137 (1886) (Yukon and Aleu-
tLuiIsL); A. O. U. Chttk-ti$t N. Am. B. p. 124, n, 166 (1886);
I^w. Man. N. Am. B. p. 113 (1887); A'elsan, Nat. Bitl. Cbll.
in Alaska, p. 61, pi. r. f. 6 (head) (1887) (both shores of Bering
Stiuu. Norton ^ouad.aod KoUebue Sound); Mackay.Aiik, 1891,
p. 279 (NewEDgiaodl; MarteH, Kat. Voyelsamml.-f.-2M&aS>iil];
IVuvA. Auk, 18112, pp. 157-160; Ouhoit, Faun. Vert. Belg., Oia.
ii. p, 606 (1893) ; CiiUett, CkrUt. Vid.-lieUk. Fork. 1805 (Eiir. p. (I)
(Norway).
Ana* (Fuligula) ipen-picilUu, Bp. Obt. WUi. a. 265 (1828).
Fuliguta (Oidemia) perepicillata, Bp, Ann. Lye. a. Y. ii. p. 389
(1826) ; id. ^n. p. 389 (1828) ; Nutt. Man. li. p. 416 (1834).
AlUB (Macrorlianiphus) perspicillaia, Let*. Man. if Om. ii, p, 414
(1823).
Pdionetta penpicillata, Kaup, Natiirl. Sgtt. p. 107 (1829) ; Rclmb.
Sun. Av., Natatores, t. 82. ff. OU&-907 (1846) ; id Av. Suit. Nat.
p. viii (1862); Bp. Campt. Rend. Jtiiii. p. 651, n. 128 (1866):
Baird, B. N. Am. p. 6U6 (1858) ; id. Vat. N. Am. B. a. 602
0860) ; Coop. 4- Si«-kl. N, H. Wash. Terr. p. 262 (1680) ; Caues,
Pf. PMIad. Aead. 1861, p. 239; KirUy, cf. Ibis, 1862, p. 308;
Jtos», Canad. Natur. TiL p. 163 (Uackenzia) (1662) ; id. Nat. Hist.
Rm. (2) i. p. 286 (1862) ; Vtrr. Pr. Est. Inst. »{. p. 153 (1862) ;
Boardm. Pr. Boa. Hoc. N. H. ix. p. l;iO (l«02) ; Blakiit. Ibis.
1863, p. 149 (Brit. N.Am.): Cbivs, if'ta. 16(H(, p. 270: Loan: Ann.
I^.N. r. Tiii. p.297(1860)i itiirrf, ;6m, 1867, pp. 271,283,284,
286; Brown, Ibli, 1868, p. 430 {Vancouver) ; Couei, Pr. Em. Intl.
T. p. 200 (18*58) ; id. Pr. BotC. Soe. N. H. xii. p. 126 (1868) ; Daa
^ Bona. Tr. Chic. Acad. i. p. 300 (1B69) ; Sttndev. Meth. not. Av.
di»p. Tent. p. 149 (1872) ; Jiidffui. Ifom. y. Am. B. a. 633 (1881) ;
SUamt, Pr. U. S. Nat. Miu. 1883, p. 121 ; Btm, Pr. U. S. Nat.
Mm. y. p. 107 (188a) (Alaska) ; B., B., ^ P. Waler-B. N. Am. ii.
p. 98 (1S&4) ; Nehrl. J./. O. 1885, p. 148 (niinois) ; MatKhU «.
Ziemer, ibid, p. 192 : Shtajx, Qit. Oiteol. Specim. R. C. S. iii. p. 308
(1891).
FulisiilB penpicillata, £p. /«u, 1832, p. 1188, n. 333; Aud. Om.
Buigr. IT. p. 101, pi. 3l7 (1838) ; i^. St/n. p. 380 (1339) : Sefyt-
L. Faun. Belq. i. p. 143 (1842); AaA. B. vim. vi. p. 337, pL 402
(1843) ; Be Kay, Ii. Y. Zool. ii. p. 336 (1844) ; Qiraud, B. Long
Id. p. 329 (1844); Degl. Om. Eur. ii. p. 474 (1349); SckUg.
Mu». P.-B., Anseres, p. 16 (1866); Falmin, J.f. O. 1876, p. 58
(Finland) ; Seefi. Ilitt. Brit. B. iii. p. 607, pi. 65 (ene) (1^) ;
Brandt, J. f. O. 1891, p. a68 (Sitka) ; Swink. Ihii, 1892, p. 27
(Heligoland).
(Edemia perajMcillata, Sp. Cat. Met. Uce. Eur. p. 72, n. 446 (1842) ;
LicAt. Nomencl. Av. p, 103 (1864) (Meiico); Seinh. J.f. 0. 1854,
p. 142 (Greenland); id. Ibii, 1861, p. 14 (Greenland); AlhrteH,
J.f. O. 1862, p. 207 ; March, Pr. BtUad. Acad. 1864, p. 72 ; A.
Neict. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 167 (e^) ; Couet, Kty, p. 294 (1872) ; id.
Check-Hit, n. 518 (1873) ; Sdat. Sf Sale. NomencL Av. Neotrop,
p. 130 (1873); Cii«ei, B. ^.-JFeri, p. 682 (1874); Sclat. ^ Safe.
P. Z. S. 1876, p. 402 (Jamaica) ; Brai. S. of Ew. -n. p. 669,
pL 450 (1877) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 629 ; Lanaton, Zoolog.
1881, p. 60 (Orkney, trachea) ; A. ^ E. Ntuit. Bandb. Jam. p. 118
(1881) ; Cotum, Check-liei, 3nd ed. p. 110, n. 739 (1882) ; Sate. Cat.
B. Strickl. CoU. p. 640 (1S82); B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 136
(1883) ; Hartl J. f. O. 1883. p. 283 (Alaska) ; Cbw*, Ki-y N.
Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 714, n. 738 (1884) ; Thompson, Zoolog. 1884,
" ' " .- "^- . " . " ■ ^j
50. lEDEMU.
415
one of a trian^ilnr shape on the nape : "npper mandible above at
base, including noatrils, dull crimson, this changed to flame-scarlet
oyer the front of the mandihle. nail cadmium-yellow, narrowly
edged anteriorly with lighter yellow, and Bometimes posteriorly with
light lavender, nides wi^ large squarish patch of black at base, thia
separated from the black feathering above itby orange and from the
feathering behind by a naJTOwer edging of crimson ; beneath this
black patch and in front of it ae far as anterior edge of nostril, or
thereabouts, continuously white, the remainder of the side (anteriorly
to the white portion) pure orange; lower mandible-nail like its
fellow above ; back of this for a short distance reddish fleah-colour,
tenninating irregularly in white, the white continued to the base,
Trith more or less black on the naked skin between the rami ; feet:
outer sides of tarsus and toes, excepting inner toe, crimson ; the
inner side, with both sides of inner toe, orange-chrome, deepening
in part to orange-vermilion ; joints and other portions blotchily
marked with black; webs solidly black" (Tnimbull). Total length
about 21 inches, wing 9-5, tail 3'5, cnlmen 1-65, tarsus 1-6.
Occasionally in some specimens, apparently fully adult, the white
patch on the crown is entirely absent.
FemaU. Plumage dull brown, lightest about the cheeks ; the
feathers of the back sometimes show paler tips ; lower parts greyish
brown, becoming nearly white on the abdomen, the feathers of the
breast and sides tipped with the same ; vent and under tail-covorts
uniform dusky : biU greenish black ; iris yellowish white ; " feet
yellowish orange, webs greyish dusky '' {Audubon),
Young. Similar to the adult female, but bead with two quite
distinct whitbh patches, one against the lateral base of the bill, the
other over the auriculars, behind and below the eye ; plumage
above more uniform than in the adult female.
Taiatg in Jlrit plumage closely resemble adult female, but have
trocea of the white on the nape.
Timng in down appears to be andeecribed.
Hab. Northern North America, in winter south to Jamaica, the
XIarolinas, Ohio Uiver, and Lower California; the Asiatic coast of
Bering Straits ; accidental in Northern Europe, cast as far as
Swedish Lapland.
0. a sd. SI.
N. Amprfca,
Old Coll.
ft, c, d. tf ad. St.
N. America.
Hudson's Bay Co. [P.].
etak.
•. 2 JUV. 8k.
Kcitxebue Sound.
CspLKellett and Lieut.
-h'ood[P.].
f~k. (f 2 ad. et
iuv. sk.
St. Michael's, Alaska. June,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Aug.,8ept.(£'. W.Ndion).
t Sjuv.sk.
Sept.
Salvin-Godman Ool!.
M. rf ad. sk.
Bear Lake.
B. R. Ross, Esq. f P. .
». (T ad. sk.
Fort Simpson.
Big laUnr
B. R Ross, Esq. P. .
o. J ad. sk.
B. R Boss, Esq. P. .
.. a ad. sk.
I^tfHuUc Bav.
Dr. Rae.
^5. cJ«d.ak.
Oodboul, Canada (N. A,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
r. (J $ Kd. ak.
(. (J $ kd. Hk.
I . g od. ek.
i'. (J imm. ak.
r. ,; ad. sk.
'. 2 »^- sk.
'. (J ad. Bk.
^ A', tl ad. et cf
Bay of Fundy (S. E.
Bay of Fuady, April {B. E.
Dmver).
UassachuBotts, Sept.
Boston, MBssachu8etta,Sept.
(S. W. HoMhmc).
Ipawich llBy,Mas8acliu»etts
(C J. Mmptard).
Branford, Connecticut, Not.
[A. J. Damn).
Bermudas, Nov.
VancouTer Island.
VancoUTer Island.
VancouTei laland.
St Juan Island.
Nauaimo, May.
California.
San DiE«o, Oalifomia, Dec.
{H. W.Hemhaw).
H. J. Elwea, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Oodman Coll
SalTm-Godman CoD.
SalTin-Oodnian CoU.
Saliin-Godman C
Old CoU.
J. K. Lord. Esq. [P.].
61. CAHPT0L93EUS.
Eyt. Afon. Anat. p. 67 (1836) (n«
Kajnptorhyncln
Cud.)
Camptorhynchus, Sp. Comp. Lot, p. 68 (1838).
Camptalaimtu, 6. E. Or. Lot Gen. B. ed. 2, p. 91
(1841)
Sange. Confined to North-eastern America.
1. CunptoIttmoB labiadoriQB.
Type.
C. labradoriiit.
51.
mnoLMuva.
4ir
I
Oi-oud. B. Long M. p. 327 (1844); Sekkg. Mut. P.-B., AiwereB,
p. 19(1866).
SomAteria labradoris Boie, Im, 1828, p. 328 ; A. Xetel. Ene. Brit.
ei. 9, iviii. p. 7S5, f. 48 ^1875).
KtunptorhjDchus Iftbradotue, Eijt. Mvn. Anat. p. 151 (1838) ; Q. R.
Or. Lut Gen. B. p. 75 (1840) ; Eyt. Syn. Anat. p. 108 (1869).
CunptorhjiichuB labmdonu, Bp. Comp. Lift, p. 5«, u. 391 (1888),
Fuligula grisea, LeOi, Jout^. Ae. Sc. Philad. yiii. p. 170 (1840>
(young-) ( = labratb>ra joan^).
Ca^ptolaiinus labradorua, fi. A Gr. itii Om. S. ed.a,p.95(I84l; :
id. Litt B. Brit. Mta. iii. p. 141 (1844) ; id. Gm. B. iii. p. BSS
(1844); Behnb. Syn. At:, Nftlatores, t 77, fl'. 896-9li (Mub.
Dreed.) (1845); id. Av. Sifit. yat.f.Tui (1852); 6. R. Gr. Litt
Qtn. ^ &i6gn. B. v. 124, gen. ^066 (1855); id. HaadJitt.
iii. p, 88, n. 10703 (1871) ; — fl'omt and Sir/am, May 4tii, 187«
(Ddhi Mill, MichicBO, 1872); A. O. U. Ch^k-list N. Am. B. p. 121,
n. 156 (1886) ; Ridgv. Man. N. Am. B. p. 107 (1887) ; DtUeAer,
Aufi, 1891, pp. 201-216, pi. ii. ; — P SAootiTtg and Finking, 1891,.
no. 22, p. 425 [cf. Auk, 1893, p. 294) ; B. G. [A. V. Goutd], Sitoatiiig
and Fidiing, 1892, no. 18, p. 845 ; Mayer, Auk, 1892, p. -^189 (Mu8.
Dreed., one female); AUm, Auk, 1893, p. 125; JDufcher, Auk,
1863, p, 2/0; Stone, Auk, 1893, p. 363; Dutchtr, Auk, 1894.
pp. 4-12 ; Hartl. AM. naturv. Ver. Brem. xir. 1, p. 33 (1896).
CamptolKmua laliradonu, Lichf. Nomencl. Av. p. lOS (one, Mua.
Berlin) (1864); Bp. Comae. Bmd. xliii. p. fiSl, n. 152 (1856);
Sund^B. Mtth. nat. Av. dttp. Tenl. p. 148 (187^) ; Solv. Cat. B.
StrickL Coll. p. 539 (1683) (one Bpeciraen).
Camplolieraus labradorins, Baird, B. jV. Am. p. 808 (1868) (two
Bpecim.); id. Cat. N.Am. B. u, 600 (1859); Coua, Fr. Acad,
Philad. 18«lj p. 239; Va-r. Pr. Ess. lnit. iii. p, 158 (1863);
Lawr. Am. Lye. N. F. viii. 1806, p. 297 (1807) ; Couei, Fr. Ea.
/»jrf. V. Comm. p. 300 (1868) ; TumbuU, B. E. Pa. p. 37 (1869)
(raie); Coua, Ka/ N. Am. B.-p.-2iaHm7&): id. C/ieck-litt,n.&»
(1873) ; Baroek, Bull. Eta. In»t. v. p. 38 (1873) ; Coma, B. N.-
Wftt,-^. 679 (1874) ; Oregg, American Natural, xiii, p. 138(1879) ;
CWw, Beaut, and Curiout B.y\.\v.-a\.~ (1881); Mtdgv). Nom.
y. Am. B. n. 624 (1881) ; Couu, CheckJiil, 2nd ed. n. 720 (1883) ;
id. Key N. Am. B. p. 700 (1884) ; B., B., ^ B. Water-B. N. Am.
ii. p. SS (1884) ; Milne-Edw. ^ Oust. Notice $ur guelques Eipiim
(TOif, p. 51,pl. ir. (1893).
Anna labradoricft, Hall. Canad. Natur. vii. p. 437 (1862) (B»j of
Laprairie, Montreal Diatrict) ; cf. Dutcher, Auk, 1894, p. 176.
Labrador Duck, Boardm. Amer. Natural, iii. no. 7, p. 383 (1869).
SomHterialabTBdoria,ii(»w/.Or>i.jlfuc.ii. pp. 205-228, pi. 55 (cJ, $,
and (J juv.) (1877) ; A. Neiet. Did. o/Birde, p. 222 (1893).
Fuligula labradoria, Seebohm, Hitl. Bnt. B. iii. p. 61 1 (note) ( 1885).
CaniptolffiniuB kbradoricua, «ofa(. P. Z. S. 1880, p, 628 ; Triilr. Cat.
CoU. B. p. 47 (1889) (one specimen).
CamptolsJmuB labradoriuB, Stnn. KingaL Stand. Nat. Hist. it. p. 161
(1885); Lucax, Report Nation. Mua. 1688-89, p. 036, pi. cii. (d)
(1891) ; Field, Cotumb. Mas. Sub. i. no. 1 (1894) (c/. Om. MonoM.
1696, p. 100).
AdtiU malt. Head, neck, jngulum, acapulars, and wings, except
pimaries, wbite ; lougitudinal attipc on the crown and occiput,
ooUar round lower part of neck, back, rump, upper tail-covert«,
primarice, toil, and entire lower parts black, tho tail and lower
TOL. xxvn.
2b
418 abiuds.
surface, except laterally and anteriorly, more p«yieli ; breast and
aides dusted with wUtuili pointa ; the black collar composed of soft
velvety feathers ; on the anterior part of the cheeks a patch of stifF
feathers; soapularH and tcrtials edged with black: "bill with the
basal Bpace between the nostrils, running into a rounded point in
the middle, pale greyish blue ; the sides of the base and the edgea
of both mandibles for two thirds of their length doll pale orange,
the rest of the bill black ; iris reddish ha»l ; feet %ht greyish
blue; web and claws dusky" (Avduixm)} "cere flesh-colour,
remainder of l^e bill blackish hom-colour ; tarsi and irides yellow "
{Bait). Total length about 22 inches, wing 8-75, tail 3-3, culmen
l"?) tarsus 1'5.
Adult female. Uniform brownish grey, the wing-coverts with
dark mesial lines ; wing-speculum formed by the secondaries and
by the greater wing-coverts white ; tertials e^ed with blackish ;
primaries dnsky. Total length about 18 inches, wing 8*4, tail 3,
«ubnen 1'65, tarsus 1'4.
Young male. " Similar to adult female, hut chin and throat white,
and the white of the chest strongly indicated ; greater wing-coverts
white " (Jtidgvirof).
A specimen in ike Rothschild collection, marked as young maU, is
mmilar to the adult female : general plumage greyish brown ; head
and neck with indistinct undulated dusky cross-lines; chin and
throat dull whit«, sharply defined; lower breast slightly tinged
witli black ; speculum white ; longer scapulars aud tertials silver)'
grey, the latter edged with dusky on the outer web ; tail brown-
giey ; qulUs brown.
It is sapposed that the Labrador Duck is now nearly, if not quite,
extinct ; the specimens known in Museums are 41.
Hah. Formerly northern Atlantic coast of North America, soatli
UEKICONEITA,
^ Gtrt
H p.36
1. Heniconetta, Btelleri.
.\iiag Btelleri, Pall. Spic. Zool. faac. ti. p. 36, tab. v. (1769) ; Qtn. S. N.
i. 2, p. 518, n. m (1788) ; Pan. Zoogr. Houe-Ai. U. p. 238 (syn,
emend.), tab. Ixviii. (1811); Schlm. Bev. Crit. p. civi (1844);
Middend. Sibir. Seu. ii. 2, p. 234, Taf. «iii. ff. 3-fi (e^) (1863) ;
L. Srehm, J./. O. 1857. p. 358 ; Btat. Naumatmia, 1858, p. 316
(Heligoland) (1869) j id. Navmann'e Vdg. DadKlU. xiii. p. 313
(1860) ; id. Ibit, 1862, p. 72 (HeLgoIand) ; Sieinh. P. Z. S. 1863,
p. 324; Midd. mir. JUise, iv. p. 988 (1867); Homey. J.f. 0.
1870, p. 432; Nerdvi, J. /. 0. 1871, p. 208 (Fiumark, breeding) ;
Giefi. Ties. On. i. p. 362 (1872).
Western Duck, ftnn. Arel. Zoot. ii. p. 564, a. 4»7, pi 23 (1785);
Lath. Syn. iii. 2, p. 532, n. 74 (17&5) ; id. Suppl. i. p. 275 (1787).
Adm diBpnr, ^rrm. Mm. Carbon, tabb. 7 & 8 (1786) ; Om. S. If.
I 2. p, 535, n. 107 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 866, n. 8;)
(1790) J Bonn. Enc. Mith. i. p. 145, pi. 30. f. 3 (1790) ; VieiU.
A*. D. T. p. 157 (1816) J />«.«. Diet. Se. Nat. vi. p. 377 (1817) ;
Temm. Man. ^Orn. 3nd ed. iv. p. 547 (1840) : Naum. VUg.
DmdicU. xii. p. 240, Taf. 320 (1844) ; Pa»>l. J.f. O. 1853, p, 320
lUpland) ; Oidke, J.f. 0. I860, p. 377 fHeligoland),
.\n»s (fceidua. Bonn. Enir. Mith. i. p. 130 (1790); Sham, Nat. Mi*c.
pi, 32 (iriW) ; Ymrea, P. Z. S. 1831, p. ai (Dorking),
Cltuigula fltelleri, BoU, Iiii, 1822, p. 564 ; Macgitt. Man. Om. a.
p. 183 (1842).
Fuligula dispsr, SUph. Oat. Zool. xii. 2, p. 206 (1824) ; Jard. j- Selb.
Jit. Om.ui. pi. 136 (18&5); Jen. Man. p. 243 (1835); Gould,
B. Eur. V. pi. 372 (1817) ; Aud. Om. Biogr. t. p. 253, pi. 480
■ " '" ■■ ■■ B.Am. vi. p. 868, d. 407
(1844) ; &*£tf. Mut. F.~S.,
FaUgula steUeri,' Bp. Am. Lye. If. T. il. p. 394 (1826) ; id. Ban.
p. 384(1828); id. hi», 1832, p. 1180; i%/, 0™. Eur. u. p. 469
(1840) i Ptttmin, J.f. 0. 1876. p. 59 (Finland) ; Bnmdt, J.f. O.
1880, p. 24(1 (now) ; ReAnw. J.f. O. 1890, p. 84 ; Brandt, J.f. O.
1891, p. 263 (Kamtscbatka).
Fuligulft (Macropiw) stelleri, Nutt. Man. ii, p. 451 (1834).
yoUaHcla Btelleri, Eyt. Cat. Brit. B. p. 58 (1836) ; id. Hut. Rarer
Brit. B. p. 79 (1836); id. Mim. Anat. p. 150 (1838); Baird,
B. X. Am. p. 801 (1858) ; id. Cat. N. Am. S. n. 598 (1859) ;
Bnirrf, J./. 0.1866. p, 344; W. fti.. 1867, p. 286; DaU ^ Bam,.
Tr. Oiie. Acad. i. p. 290 (1869) ; Dall. Avif AUut. Itl. Vnat.
cflfhff. p. 6(1873); id. Arif. Aleut. ULvtif. Unat. p. 7 (1874);
NeUoH, CnuM ' Corwin,' p. 99 (1883) ; MunlocA, Erped. to Pi>tnt
I88r- " ■ -■■ "■ . , ^ .
p. 191.
SteHaria disuar, Bp. Comp. Li»t, p. 67 (1838).
Hareldft rtelleri, E. ^ B. WirMth. Eur. pp, Ixxxvii, 280 (1840) ;
Hoigl. J.f. O. 1872, p. 123 (Taimir).
Emconetta stfUeri, O. A. Or. Lilt Gen. B. p. 75 ( 1840) ; ia. op. eit.
2ml ed. p. 95 ( 1841 ) i id. Gen. B. iii. p. 024 (1844) ; fleAsi. Syn.
Av., HaMtoTna, t, 82. ff. 008-910 (18*6) ; id. A«. Syil. Nat. p. viii
(1863) ; O. R. Or. Li^ Br. B. p. 304 (1863) ; Gould, B. Great
Brit. \. pi. 25 (1863); Eut. Sya. Anat. p. 107 (18<»); Dtgt.^
Gerbe. Om. Eur. ii. p. 553 (1869) ; Stejn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mvt. r.
(1882) ; B., B., ^ R. Watrr-B. N. Am. ii. p. 66 (1884) ; Tvmtir,
^uA, 1885, p. 168 ; Sttjn. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mui. no. 29, p. 170 (Berii«
2b2
) id. Sj/n. p. 293 (1839) ; id. B. A
(1843); DeKay.N.T.Zool." " "
Ansena, p. 15 (1806).
t, Alaska, p. 118 (1885) ; Matiehie u. Ziemer, J.f. O. 1886,
I.) (1886) ; A. O. U. Check4u,t N. Am. B. p. 121, n. 167 (1886) ;
7ton«r, Contr. N. B. of Alatka, p. 13fi (1888) ; Nekon, Nat. Hut.
CoU. « Aladm, n. 75 (1887) ; Ridffia. Man. JV. Am. B. p. 106
S87) ; Sfon. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mu». x. p. 137 (1887) (Commandw
)iSarUrt,&it. Vogeltamml. p. 2m (1891) ; Alien, Auk, leOS,
p. 123.
Stolleria diewir, Bp. Cat. Met. Ucc Sur. p. 74, n. 457 (1842) (
Marpm. Hid. Brit. B. t. p. 164 (1862): Bp. Compt. Rend, ilui,
p. 650, n. 127 (1856) ; Frilich, Naturg. rUg. Eur. p. 436, Taf. 47.
f. 10 (J), 12(2) (1870); G. A Gr. flimrf-Jirf, iii. p. 88, n. 10706
(1871) i Strjn. J.f. 0. 1873, p. 307 (Norway) ; GoAel, ibid. p. 422 ;
Reiitk. Vid. Medd. Siobmh. 1881, p. 188 (Qreenliind); if^alter.
J.f. O. 1890, pp. 234, 236 (Norway).
Somateria etellen, Jard. Brit. B. iv, p, 73 (1843) ; Netct. P. Z. S. 1861,
p. 400, pi. axiix. f. 4 (egg) ; Sharpe ^ Dreis. B. of Evr. yi. p. 648,
pi. 447 (1871) i Ret/, ^<m. Eur Briiti: u. Giule, p. 133 (1872) ;
Oiuet, Ibit, 1872, p. 53 ; Gum. Und. p. 330 (tlaxmon's Isl.) ; Owm,
Key N. Am. B. p. 291 (1872) ; id. Check-lilt, n. 511 (1873); id.
B. N.- West, p. 680 (1874) ; Cordeaux, Ibit, 1876, p. 186 {Helipo-
Und) ; Taa. Om. Faun. Va»t. Sibir. p. 72 (1877) ; id. BiUl. Hoc.
Zooi. Fr. ii. p. 48 (1877); Coilett, Nyt Mag. Naturvid. %vn.
p. 376(1881); ElSot, Mm. Seal Ul. v. 130(1881); CoueK,Check-
lUt, 2Dd ed. p. 116, n. 731 (1882) ; Taa. Bali. Soc. Zoot. Fr. viii.
p. 344 (Kamtscliatka) (1883) ; Sound, in YarreWi Hitt. Brit. B.
IV. p. 468 (1884-86) ; &rf. Biat. Brit. B- iii. p. 613, pi. 59 (egg)
(1886) ; Dedit. J.f. O. 188.% p. 207 (8. Petentburg) ; Seeb. Ibu,
1888, p. 360 (Great Liakofflsl); Trirtr. Ca/. CW/. .B. p. 47 (1889);
Smnd. la. Man. Brit. B. p. 451 (1889) ; ScAoI. J.f. 0. 1890, p. 79;
&eb.B.Jman. Emp. p. 257 (1800); id. Ibit, 1892, p. 28 (Heligo-
land) ; OdUtt, Mindre Medd. aed. Norvet Fugkf. 1881-02, p. §Sa
(1894).
SomateriadiBpar, Farr. Bitt. Bril. £. Sad ud. iii. p. 305 (1845), Sid
ed. iii. p. 306 (1860) ; Sdat. (?) Ibui. 1603, p. 477 ; Homey. J. f. 0.
1872, p. 308 (Daniig, KomKabeig, and Pillau) ; Blakigt. Ibi», 1876,
). 335 (KamtacfafttkA) ; Homey. J.f. O. 1878, p. 120; Bialasl. ^
52. HKinCONETTi. 421
black, separated from the collar by a. narrow white band ; another
white band edgea the black cuilar below ; middlo of the back, rump,
and npper tail-coverts black, with a. purple gloss ; lower parts deep
tawny, becoming dusky or blackish on belly and &ding into a more
buOy or ochreoos tint on chest, sides, and flanks ; a black roand
spot on each side of the breast ; lower abdomen, vent, and ander
toil-coverts black, the latter somewhat glossy ; scapulars long and
narrow, bent downwards, i^losay blue-black on the outer web, satiny
whitt- on the inner one, which is very narrow ; all the wing-coverts
and anterior scapulars white ; speculum on the secondariee glossy
blue-black, edged with a white band at the tip ; tertials rather
broad and resemble the larger scapulars, having the outer web glossy
blae-black and the inner one white; primaries blackish brown;
under wing-coverts white : asillaries white ; tail blackish brown :
" bill of a lead-oolour, homy white at the tip ; feet and toes dark
lead-colour, webs black-grey ; irides dark brown " (Schrader). Total
length about IS inches, wing 8-5, tail 4-5, culmen 1"6, tarsus 1'4.
FftiiaJe. Dark rufous brown, an iudistinet collar round the neek
formed by rufous-chestnut indistinct bars ; interscapular region
with irr^ular rufous-brown bars, almost hidden on the occiput and
nape ; rump almost uniform dark brown, usually with indistinct
rufous bars ; some irregular indistinct bars on the breast ; abdomen
and under tail-coverts uniform brown ; wings dark brown, speculum
dark metallic blue, bounded (as in the male) anteriorly by a white
band at the tip of the liistrow of upper wing-coverts, and posteriorly
by a similar band at the tip of the secondaries ; falcate tertials
dusky, with the outer web metallic blue and a silvery-grey band
along the middle ; marginal under wing-ooverts brown, edged vrith
white, the inner ones with the aiLllariea white ; tail brown.
Voun/j. Similar to adult female, bnt much paler brown ; sides of
the hcact and throat dull whitish buff, with some dusky streaks ;
tertials much less falcate, and speculum dusky greyish brown,
boanded anteriorly by a white band at the tip of the greater wing-
ooverts and posteriorly at the tip of the secondaries.
Hob. Arctic and Subarctic coasts of the Northern hemisphere,
breeding on the Varanger Fjord (Norway), in Russian Finmark,
and from the Taimyr Peninsula eastward to Bering Strait and Alaska.
It has been found in Cumberland Bay, in Disco Fjord (Greenland),
along the coasts of Kamtachatka, and in the Eurile Islands ;
occasionally it straggles to the temperate portions of Europe.
'To locality. Solvin-Qodmsn CoU.
celand. Dr. Thienemanu [P.].
Norway iChriitiania Afui.).
Vardo, N. Norway.
VuBDger Fjord, N. Norway,
Uxj (AfcMtl.
KuBsian America.
I'oint Barrow, N. Alaska,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Oodmsn Coll.
Seebohm CoU.
Capt OoUinBon[P.].
Salvin-G.draan Coll.
m-p. e $ imm. St. Alichael's, Alaaka, Sept., SalTm-Oodnwn OolL
«t jttT. ak. Oct. {K W. Neltm).
7, r, «. ({ $ ad. St. Paul, Kodiok 1., June SAlriii-Oodinsn ColL
sk. (W.J. FUha-).
t, *h V. (f $ ad. TJnalashka Island, Dec. (L. SalTin-Oodnuut ColL
«k. M. Turner ^ M. W. Ear-
nagton).
53. AECTOHBTTA. „,_
Lampronetta (Hiibireii.), Brandt, Mtn. Aead. St. PiUrib.
(6) (Se. Nat.) vi. 1849, p. 6 (publ. 1847) [nee Lampro-
neiM, Wagl.) A. fischeri.
Aictonetta, G. M. Or. P.Z. S. 1866, p. 212 (=Umpro-
aetta, Brandt).
Range. Confined to North-weat America.
1. Arctanetta fischen.
fUigula (LamproDetta) fischeri, Brandt, Siim. Ac. St. PHerib. (6)
Ti. (1849) pp. 6, 10, 14, ri. i. ff. 1-4 (1847) •.
SoroBteria fiacheri, O. E. Gr. Oen. B., App. p. 28 (1849) ; Eyt. ^n.
Anal. p. 106 (1809) ; Couet, Key N. Am. B. p. 292 (1873) ; id.
(»«<*-&(, n. 612 (1873); <d. B. N.-Wett, p. 680 (1874); id.
Chtek-liA, 2nd ed. p. 116, n. 732 (1882) ; Sound. Ibit, 1883, p. 348.
Lampronetta tischeri, G. R. Or. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 211, pi. criii. ( cf , S ,
& joung dli Bp. Compt. Bend, iliii.p. 660, n. 126 (1866);
Batrd, B. N. Am. p. 803 (1858) ; la. Cat. JV. Am. "
ae69)i EUiot, Iliuttr. B. o/r
DaU & Bonn. Tr. Chte. Acad, i
Acad. T. p. 30 (1873) ; Adams, Jb'ia, 18;
1880, ^. oiS ; Jiidffti: Ntnn. a: Am "
I
I
54. 80MATEBIV 423
AdvH male. On the orbital region a satinj white pad, bordered
1^ a velvety black edge, broader anteriorly and posteriorly than
Above, wanting below ; lores and forehead covered by stiffened
feathers, white anteriorly, shading into otire-green, and this into
light greenish buff ; crown and occiput covered by a cowl or hood of
pendent, atiffened, hair-like featheia of a light olive-green colour;
a broad stripe of darker green beneath the eye ; throat, neck, back,
■mailer upper wing-ooverts, scapulars, and falcated tortials white;
lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and lower part^ dark smoky
grey ; a patch on each side of rump white ; greater wing-coverts and
quills brown, edge of the wing and under wing-oovt^rts pale brown :
ImI brown : "iris bright milky white ; feet and legs dull olive-
brown, except the scales in front of tarsus, which are dingy
yellowish ; bill dull orange " {DIelton). Total length about 21-5
inches, wing 10, tail 3, culmen 1, tarsus 1-7.
Adidf fcmaU. Above barred with tulvoua and black ; lower part*
similar, the abdomen, however, plain greyish brown ; head and
neck light greyish buff, finely streaked with dusky, the throat, how-
ever, nearly immaculate ; there is a slight indication of the pad
ronod the eyes, and the feathers of the lores and forehead have
quite a velvety texture ; quills and greater coverts brown, the latter
like the secondaries tipped with whitish : '' bill dull blue ; feet and
torsi dull yellowish brown " (Nelton).
Young. Similar to the female : " bill dark olive-brown ; legs and
feet dull yellowish, shaded with olive-brown " (A>/«ui).
Yon>ig in down. Grown, paler and more grepsh brown below;
there is already indicated the peculiar ring round the eyes.
Ball. Coast of Alaska, from Norton Sound to Point Harrow.
6. $ ad. sL
Northern Sound. N.W. Vov.of H.M.S.'Eotermiso.'
America (Admm). (apecinienfiguredbyGray,
P. Z, S, 1866, pi. 106.)
Northern Sound, N.W. Vov, of H.M .8. ■Enterprise.'
America (Adanu). (Type of female's descrip..
Gray, P.Z.S. 1855, p. 212,
pi. 108.)
e~o.iS 2ad.,juv., St.Michaers, Alaska, June- Salvin-Qodman CoU.
et pull. ak. Sept. [£. W. Nehan).
B. S ad. sk. Andrell^kv, Alaska, June Salvin-Godmon Coll.
(if. W.'Nflaon).
Q. 2iuv. ak. Stewart's IsUnd, Alfukii, SalTin-Oodman Coll.
Sept. (E. W. NeUim).
54. SOMATEBIA.
Typ..
Somnt^ria, Learh in liot»'> Fuy. Ditfos., Append,
p. siviii (I§I9) a. mollLBsima.
Ouiim Merrem, in ErtcJt «. Oruber'n Bneyd. iii. p, 471
(1819) (e.r Rin. /fi»/.na(. Libr. 10, Cap. aaj 8. inollissinia.
Plaiypos, jSriAm, Lehrb. NaLeur. ii, Fc^. p. 805(1824)
( =3omat«ria, part.).
G^aza., " Mrrretn" {rrrore),0. R. Or. Hand-litl,io.
p. 88 (1871).
424 AHAIID^
Erionetta (nibgen.]) Ooua, Key N. Amtr. B. Slid «d.
p. 709 (1884) S. ipeetahilia.
Sange. Confloed to Arctic and Sabarctic regions.
Kty to the Speeiei.
a. Anterior point of feathering on forehend reaching
a^Qt Iialfna; from Ihe poiat of the naked
frontal angles to no«trilBj feathering of lores
extending forward to beneath the middle or
poBterior end of nostrils. MaUi with Bcapulars
and tertials white ; the upper half of the head
chiefly black.
a'. Nahed frontal angles broad, and terminating in
a broad round end. Male with the throat
entirely white (but some ipecimens with a
trace of a V-^^pod dusky marh) ; black of
head bordered beneath by pale green for nearly
its entire len^h dreiteri, p. 424.
b'. Naked frontal angles narrow and more or less
pointed.
a". Throat of the adu^ maie entirely white;
black of head with no green border beneath,
except on the occiput molUuinui, p.42S.
b". Throat of the adult with a large V-s'i&P^
mark of black ti^^/nmt, p. 430.
i. Anterior point of feathering on forehead reaching
as far as posterior end of noatrils. Adult maleM
with lateral base of upper mandible enlarged
into a very conS]acnous broad naked lobe (subgen.
Erionetta) ; upper part of the head light bluish
grey ; thniat with a V-^hsped black mark, as in
the male of S. v-niffrum tpeetabilit, p. 432.
54. BOMAIESIA.
p. 88, n. 10706 (pwl) (1871); Coutt, Key 2f. Am. B. p. 293,
D. 613 (part.) (187^).
Fuligula Bpectabiiis x Fuligula moUisdoia, Sely», Bull. Ae. Boy.
Bruz. xxiiL 2, p. 16 (Newfoundland) (1856).
Somatem dressen, Sharpe, Ann. S( Mag. N. H. (4) vjii. pp. 51, f>-2,
t. 2 (head) (N. Amenca) (1877) : SAarpe ^ Dree: B. of Eur.
\\. p. 842. i. -i (head) (1871) ; B., B., ^ R. WaUr-B. N. Am. W.
^76 (1884) ; Saundert, YmreWs Jlisl. Brit. Ji. ir. p. 459 (1884-
); A.O. U. CAeck-lwt N. Am. B. p. 122, n. 100 (1886);
MhtB. Man. If. Am. B. p. 110 (1887) ; ShiMdt, Pr. U. S. Xaf.
Mtu. xi. pp. 232 and foU., E 8, 11, 12. 13, 14 (aat«glog?) (18B8) ;
WhiU, Auk, 1890, p. 204 (Ottawa, Canada); Mackay, Avk,
1890, pp. 315-310, 1^, p. 305; W. 8. J., FareA aiid Strtam,
1893, p. 96 (Maine) ; Maetixty, Auk, 1893, pp. 77, 24S, 870, 1894,
p. 223 (MoasachuHetlB) ; Whitfirld, ibid. p. 323.
SoDUtteria molliMma, var. dr^seri, Comi, B. JV.- Wat, p. S60
(1874).
Somateria mollisdma dresseri, Eidgw. Pr. U.S. Nal. Mum. iii. pp. 206,
222 (1880) ; id. Nam. N. Am. B. n. 027 a (1831) ; Couet, Ckeck-
/M(,2Qded. p. 110, n. 734 (1882); StearM, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mum.
1883, p. 120 (Labrador) ; Couei, Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 712.
n. 734, f. 2, p. 708 (1884) ; S«*. Hiit. BrU. B. iii. p. 616 (1885) ;
Ncirl. J.f. n. 1885, p. 148 (Luke Mithigan).
Adult Ttiale. Similar to that of S. niollisaima, but with angles on
aides of forehead broad and rounded, instead of narrow and pointed ;
black of head bordered beneath by palo green for nearly ita entire
length ; throat, in some specimens, with a trace of a V-shaped
dusky mark: bill from posterior end of noatril 1-35-1-48 inches,
angle from anterior extremity of loral feathering l'7a--, ite width
across not less than -45, depth of upper mandible at frontal apex
1-1-28.
Adult fcmalf. Similar to that of S. mollistiTna : bill from posterior
end of nostril l-;{2 inches, angle 1*87, width Q'22 ; depth of upper
mandible 0-78.
HiA. Atlantic coast of North America, from Maine to Newfound-
land and Bouthern Labrador ; south, in winter, to the Delaware and
the Great Z^es.
a. a bA. sk. Bay of Fiindj {H. E. Drauer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. rf ad. sk. Boston .M.irket, Jan. (H. W. SalTin-Godman Coll.
Heiakaw).
c. <J jus. sL N. America. Old Coll.
2. Somatsria molliasima.
The Eider Duck.
-Inas s. cutbttrti ». faraensis, Wiltugh. Om. p. 278, t. 76 ( 2 ).
Anter lanuginoaua lire Eider, Briu. Om. vi. p. 294, pis. nil. ( tf ),
«i.(2)(ir60).
Eder fuglens, Briinn. Eder Fufflau bfikritieln, pp. 1-60 (1763).
Aata mQllis.iima. Linn. S. N. i. p. 198, n. 15 (1766) i PMppi,
Voyage, App. p. 186 (Spitsbergen) (1774) ; Sparrm. Mm. CarlKm.
faae. 1. 1. 6 (iuD.) (1786); Gm. & N. i. 2, p. 514, n. 15 (1788);
Zath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 845, n. 3S (1790); Temm. Man. dOn,.
p. 549 (part.) (1815) ; Vieill. If. D. t. p. 113 fpart,) (1816) ; Dmn.
Dkt. St. Nat xW. p. 271 (part.) (1810); Teirnn. Man. iTOnt.
2nd ed. ii. p. 848 (1830) ; Scoreiini, Ace. of the Arct. lUg. *c. i.
_ ™,„.r, . „„,^, „, „ ■■^■- -„. p. 68(1822):
r Narrat,, App,
!HaH.tfOn,. u "' '
19 (part.) (1831) ; Temm. Man.
. p. 541 (ItflO) ; Naum. Fog. DtuUeAl. sii. p. 252, T»f. 321,
322 (1844) : ScAliff. Hev. Crit. p. cxvi (1844) ; Oirb. Thes. Ora.
i. p. 357 (pari.) (1H72).
Oie B duvBt, oa Eider, IfAvbrnt. PL ^l. n. 309 ((f), 308 (?)
(17—) : Buff. Sist. Nat. Oil. is. p. 103, pi. 6 (1763).
mder or Cuthbert Duck, F^n. Snt. Ztmi. ii. d. 271, pi. 95 (1770) i
Lath. Sjfli. iii. 2, p. 470, n. 20 (1785).
Anser septentrianalis, Gerini, Stor. deffli Ua>. t. clzii. (1776).
Anser mdlissimus, Bonn. Enc. MUk. i. p. 119, pi. SA. f. 2 (1790).
Anas cuthberti, part., Pall. Zuoffr. Mauo-.4». ii. p, 335 (1811).
ADser lantiginrieus, LeacA, Sgat. Cat. Mamm. ^ B. Brit. Mitt. p. 37
(1816).
Somateria (Cutbert'a Eider), Letich, in Ross's Vny. Di»c., App.
p. ilTiii(1810).
Somateria molliuima, Flem. PhU. of Zool. ii. p. 360 (1822) ; Bote,
l$i», 1822, p. 564 ; Steph. Gen. Zool. sii. 2, p. 224, pi. 60 (1824) ;
Jen. Man. p. 327 (1835) ; Lafrem. £cho du Moade tnv. no. 3, 1836,
p. 5 {ef. Lett. Compl. de Bnf. 3nd ed. p. 720, 1838) ; GtnM, B.
Eur. V. pi. 874 (1837) ; Sic. Oat*. B. ii. p. 368 (1837) ; Bp. Cotm.
iw(, p. 57, n. 4111(1838); Rep. Counc. Z. S 1839, p. 39; K.^B.
WirbfUA. Eur. pp. Ixxxri, 228 (1840) ; GuUiv. P.Z.S. 1842, p. 72
Ge>. Mm. p. 120 (1844) ; G. R. Gr.
(part.) (1844) i id. Gen. B. '"
Rchnh. %t. Av. "
B. Mui. A. S.
Snid. xliii. p. h
(Svlt) ; Evans .
_. 'Brit. Mm. iii. p. 141
1 (BTQ. emend.) (1844) ;
KatRtorea, t. 8.^. ft. 162-153 (1845) ; BfytA, Oat.
. p, 307, n. 1791 (1849) ; Scknd. Av. Si/it. Nat.
iiAt. Nomencl. An. p. 103 (1864) ; Bp. Conmt.
, n. 123 (1866) ; Safn, Naumannia, 1867, ii. p. 12$
, , , Stiuyt, l/>is, 1859, p. 167 (Spitsbergen) ; TorM.
Bldr. till &»•(**«■. Molbukf. de. p. 67 (Spitsbflrgen) (1850) ; Q. B.
Gr. List Brit. B.^. 205 {\Sm); Malmgr. (Efv. K. Vet.-Ah.Mrh.
1863, p. 109 (Spitsbergen); id. J. f. 0. "186.3, p. 380; Newt.
P. Z. S. 1864, p. 495 ; Mere, Hit, 1865, p. 444 (Great BritMn) ;
A. Newt. Ibit, 1866, p. 515 (Sjwtsbergen) ; Oumingh. B>it, ISm.
p. 16 ; Baird, Ibit. 1867, p. 286 (part.) ; Dej/l. ^ Gerbe, Om. Eu,:
11. p. 555 (1867) ; ? Drmtf, J.f. O. 1868, p. 44 (Borkum) ; So
~ ~ j. : breeding) ; JWaeA, /./. O.
l p. 97 (Lofoten) ; S. MiUkr.
ibid. p. 347 (Farcw) ; Gould, B. of Great Brit. \. pi. 26 (1870) ;
GiUett, Ibit, 1870, p. 309 (Nowaja-Semlia) ; G. R. Gr. Uand-lnt.
iii. p. 88, n. 10706 (part.) (1871) ; ^arpe. Aim. ^ Mag. N. H. (J)
Tiii. pp. 51, 52, f. 1 (head) (1871) ; Sitarpe ^ Dreu. B. Bttr. vi,
p. 620, pi. 446 (1871) ; SaUad. Fa*m. tCltai., Uec. p. 268 (1872) ;
aundev. Meth. nat. An. dim. Tent. p. 140 (1872) ; FiUd. Zoolog.
1872, p. 32.54 (Faeroe) ; iteugl. Ibi*, 1872, p. 03 (Novaja Zemlia) :
id. J.f. O. 1872, p. 123 (Novaja Seiolja) ; FriUci. J. f 0. 1872,
p. 372 (Bohemia) ; Fintdi, Ztceite DeuCichf Nordpolfahrt, ii. Vdg.
p. 209 (1873) ; iWw/. m$, 1874, p. 403 (N. FiiBian I.) ; Hen-'
JUii. Nordpolarjiuir, iii. p. 137 (1874); Cord. Ih», 1875, p. ■"
(HeligoLmd) ; ScliU. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 628 ; Brandt, J.f. 0. 1
54. flOMATBBIA.
497
p. 349 (note) ; — P J. /■. 0. 1880, p. 404 (Svlt) ; Gi>(. /6w, 1881 , p. 21 5
hwlyt i T-Khiui Si SchmidA. J./. O. 1881, p. 212 (E. Hungary) ;
Jtchnw. Om. CentrtdhL 1882, p. l«\ id. Viig. zool. Giirt. p. 49
(ISSd); Seeb. IbU, 1882, p. 383 (Archwifret) ; Neale, P. Z. 8.
1B82, p. U.54 (Franz Josef Land) ; Saiv. Cat. B. Strickl Coll.
p. 530 (1882) ; J?. O. U. Liit Brit. B. p. 134 (1883) ; Sclat. Litt
Ta-t. Alt. etii ed. p. 441 (1883) ; Ni«ni, Atti Sac. ItaL Se. Nat.
xiTi. p. lUO (Venetian) (1883); Frittch, MT. on. Vef. Wien.
1884, p. 31 (PiUeu) ; Sound. Yarreltt Hiit. SrH. S. iv. p. i67
(ie84-86j; Dbim, Ibit, ie85, p. 87 (St. Kilda); Myiitomcs, MT.
<mi. Ver. Wim, 1885, p. 6 (Styria) ; Serb. But. Brit. B. ii^P. 018,
pi. 59 (egg) (1886); Saivad.£l. Utx. ItaJ. p. Sm [lim) ; Barting,
Zootbg. 1887, p. 256 (Iceland) ; Sdtal. 7. f. O. 1887, p. 187
(Jonalel.) ; BarUit, ibid. p. 268 (UusBcldorfj ; Hartwig. J.f. O.
188H, p. 14« (North Cap); Tritlr. Cal. Coll. A p. 47 (1889);
Miu/aud iTAtibuMon, BuU. Soc. Acclim. 1889. pp. 890-901 ; Sehal.
Jl/O. 1890,p.9; fieAnw. iSirf, p. 83 ; H^afer, iJirf. pp. 234,235,
236, 237, 238, 239,24^ 245, 247, 249, 252 (E. Spitsbergen); .Ewin*,
Jbit, 1891, p. 73 (incubation) : l^drkk. ibid. p. 391 (rosail) :
UaHert, Kat. Vogdiamnd. p. 233 (1891); Sharpe, Cat. Otteol.
Spec. Coll. Surg. iii. p. 307 (1801) ; Seeb. Ibit, 1892, p. 28 (Heli-
goland) ; Uarttrt, tbid. p, 510 ; Zii/ord, CoL Fig. Brit. S.vt. xxn.
pi. — (18S2) ; Biagg, Jbii, 1803, p. 354 (SlieUand) ; Aart. ^
Bidte. Ibis, 1894, p. 233 (N. Norway) ; CoUett, Mindre Medd. vedr.
Sorgea Fw/lff. 1881-92, p. 27T (1804).
PUtypufl molliBsimHs, Brthm, Lehrb. rur. Vbg. p. 809 (1824); id.
Omis, i. p. 38(1624); id. IsU, 182U, p. 993; Schilling, J./. O.
1853, p. 377.
Somatena danica, Brekm, Itia, 1830, p. 998, n. 1 ; id. Tog. DeuiicAI.
V. 890 (1831) (Dnniah Mauds); «f. A'aumamtia, 1685, p. 299;
id. Ftye;/. p. 388 (1855).
Somateria norwegica, Brthm, Itii, 1830, p. 098, n. 2 (Norway) ; id.
VSg. DcuUchl. pp. 802, 1035, Tftf. xliii. f. 1 (dad. in autumu)
(1831) ; id. Naumanma, 1855, p. 290.
Sooiateria plstyuros, Brthm, Itii, 1830, p. 998, n, 3; id. Vog.
DeuUchl. p. 892 (1831) (Helsiogfora in winter) ; id. Ifaimaimta,
1856, p. 299 ; id. Vngeif. p. 389 (1855).
Somateria faeroeeuraa, Brdtm, I$ia, 1830, p. 998, a. i; id. VSu.
DeuUchl. p. 893 (1831) (Faroe lal.); id. Naumannia, 1855, p. 20)1.
Somateria megauros, Brthm, Iii», 1830, p. 998, a. 5; id. Viig.
JJeutirhl. p. 894 (1831) (Insein dee Mhr liohen Norden).
SomftteriH islondica, Brehm, liii, 1830, p. 096. n. U (Iceland) ; id,
Viig. DeuUc&l. p. 695 (1831) (Iceland); ti^. A'aunumnia, 185-},
p. 209.
Somateria Bt. eutbberti, £gt. Cat. Brit. B. p. 58 (1836) ; id. Mvi.
Ama. p. 140 (1838); id. Sun. Anat.n. 100 (1869).
Fuligula molli«imft, Setyf-L. Fam. Belg. i. p. 143 (1843); Degl.
Om. E«r. ii. p. 463 (1^9); Sthltg. Mui. P.-B., An-*reB, p. 14
(part) (1866); Pd>Hin,J./. O. 1876, p. 67 (Finland); Wallen-
grm, J.f. O. 1893, p. 168 (Sweden).
Somateria apectablliB, Beerh. (nee Linn.) Vog. of Ditcoverg etc.
p. 100 (Spitsbergen) (184.')).
Fulig"'" (S,imatena) rooUiBsima, Brandt, M4m. Ac. St. Piterib. (li)
Ti. (1849) p. 5(1847).
Somateria molliasima, vnr., Malmgr. <Efe. K. Vet.-Ak. Ftirh. 1804,
p. 309 ; vi. J.f. O. 1865, p. 214 (Spilabergen).
Somateria tbuleDsis, Malmgr. (Efe. K. Vtt.-Ak. PSrh. 1864, p. 380;
id, J. /. O. 1865, p. 396 (SpiUber(Kin) ; A. Newt. J. f. 0. 1867,
p, 310; fl«fli. J,f. O. ISn, pp. 88,98, 101, 106 (W. Spitebergea) ;
id. Petmm. Geoar. Mitth. 1871. pp. 69. 65; Hmgl. Sett. n. d.
Nordpolannfir, i. p. 103, iii. p. 137 (1874).
Fo'- America (Somateria borealis).
Great Hlack nnd White Duck, Edw. Nat. Hilt, of B. i. p. 08, pL 98
(1750) (OreunJaad).
Anns matron nigrn ft niba, Etlw. op. cit. p, 128, n, 98 (1760).
AniiB moiliwinifv, part., &tbine, Tr. Linn. Soc. sii. 2, p. 654, pi. 30.
If. 1, 2 (tncheit) (1818) (GrseiiUnd).
Platypus borealifl, BrtAm, LeArb. evr. FHif. p. 813 (1824) (CoMts of
BalliD's liaj and Davis's Stniit) ; id. Ornii, i. p. 38 (1824) ; td
Itu, 1826, p. 095 (Ictland).
Plati-pus leideri, Brehnt, Onia, i. p. 28 (1824) (Greenland); ^.
B«l/. Sc. Nat. X. p. 151 (1827); Le*i. Comjd. de Buff., Oil. ix.
p. 633 (1837) ; id. op. oU. Sod ed. p. 720 (Ift-fe).
Somateria borefOis. Brehm, Itit, 1830, p. 908. a. 7 ; id. Vog.
Dnittcht. p. 896 (1831); id. Naumannia, 1866, p. 299; AIUm,
Auk, 1893, p. 123.
Somateria leiBleri, BriAm,, Itii, 1830, p. 998, it.8; id. riy. DeiittehL
p. 896 (Ureenland) (1831): id. Naumannia, 1866, p. 2M; id.
Vogel/.p.3SS{imS).
Somateria planifrona, Brehm, /m, 1830, p. 998, n. 9 ; id. Vog.
DentaeM. p, 897 (Gwenliind) (1831) ; id. Naumannia, 1856,
p. 290; id. Voptlf. p. 388 (1855).
Somateria iiioUii«ima, HoUmlt, Kroi/er'n Natiirhigt. Tidsfcr. iv,
p.44fi(]843)(Grepjilaiid); id- Fauna Gronlandt (Pauhm trantl)
p. 73 (1846) ; id. On. Beitr. Fam. Griinl. p. 60 (1864) ; Baird.
B. A', ^m. p. 809 (part) (1858) ; W. Cot. A'.^m. B.n. 600 (part.)
(1859); ii>mA. (RffXmn.) JAu, 18m,p.l4 (Qre«Dland); BlalMt.
Ibi», 1863, p. 150 (lIudeoD's Bay) ; Baird, Ibit, 1867, p. 286
(part.): Jrown, P. Z. *. 1868, p. 360 ; Harling, P. Z. 8. \ST\.
p. 118 (Baffin's Bay) ; Couet, Key N. Am. B. p. 303, n. 518 (paH.)
(18721 ; FtUd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 29 (Norman-Lockver I.) ; id. Ibi$,
1877, p. 411; Kumlien, Bull. F.S. JVoC Jlfw. no, "l5,p, 80 (Cnni-
bwrland Gulf) (1879); Bidgw. Pr. U.S. Jfeif. Mus. iii. p. 204
(1880); id. Nom. N. Am. B. n. 627 (1881); Coue*, Chtck-tiit,
2nd ed. p. 16, n. 733 (1882) ; t^. Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 710
(1884) ; S., B., ^ R. Wattr-B. If. Am. ii. p. 73 (1884) ; A. O. U.
Check-lUi N. A. B. p. 122, n. 158 (pwl,) (1886).
Somuteria tnolliatdma borealis, A. E. Brehm, Ven. Sammi. •ur. Viig.
p. 14 (1866) ; Bidgw. Man. N. Am. B. p. 109 (1887) ; A. 0. U.
(^ck-tid N. Am. B., Supplement, p. 20, n. 159 (1889).
FuUgula iiiolliasima, part., Scklrg. Mia. P.-B., Anseres, p. 14, spec. 2,
3, 7 (1866).
Adult male. Upper part of the head deep velvety black, witi a,
lino of white dividing the centre of the crown from the level of the
eye to the napo; na|ie and hinder part of the auricular region
covered with stiff feathers of a pale aea-grecn ; chocks, neck.
back, and scapulars white; lower part of the centre of the
back, rump, and upper tail-coverte black ; throat while, gradually
shading into yellowish buff on the lower port of the fore-nock and
upper breast ; rest of the under surface of the body black, vitli a
1
oonapicDOns white patch on citJier aide of the rump; amaller and
median wmg-coverts white, th« greater coverts like the secondaries
brown-black, primariea slighlly poler; inner secondariea white,
broadly edged with brown-black on the outer weh ; tertUls white,
alightly lalcatod ; marginal under wing-covert« pale brown, edged
with white, the central ones and axiilaries white ; tail greyish
brown : bili dull olive-grccn, almost olive-yellow in old birds, nail
Drownish white ; feet light oLve-green, daws brownish black ; iris
Urown. Total length about 22 inches, wing 12, tail 5, culmen 2-:;.
tarsus l-a.
Female. General plumage pale rufoos-browu, head and neck with
narrow black streaks along the centres of the feathers, but the
upper part of the head blacker ; upper and under patta banded with
black and nifous-brown ; the black bands on the back broader ;
greater wing-coverts and secondaries uniform dark brown, with
narrow white tips, forming two white alar bars ; under wing-
Gorerts brown, edged with ruibus, the central ones and axiUaiios
dull grey; primaries and tail-leathers dark brown; abdomen
almost uniform bruwn : bill and feet as in the male.
Young in first j>luinag« closely resemble adtilt females, but the
two white alar bars are very indistinct, and the margins of all the
leathers are grey instead of brown -chestnut. Malt* may be distin-
guished fxoai /tJiiaUs by the nearly black sides of tbeix heads.
MaUe iitjiret nuptial dreta may he distingttished by the remains
of greyish-brown feathers on both the white and black parts.
Jfuie* in mouUing-drfts closely resemble males in first plumage,
but generally have some white and black feathers ot the nuptial
dress remaining.
youru/ in down have the upper parta dark brown, and the nnder-
porta, as well as a broad streak over each eye, pale brown.
The American Eider Buck, so far as 1 can see, is scarcely
different from the European ; but, according to Mr. Bidgway,
it differs in having the " bill orange-yellowish in life ; the breast
paler bud, the tertials more tulcate." As to the dimensions of the
Qill, I cannot find that there is any constant diil'ercnce.
Hab. Arctic regions of the Western Fahearctic Region, from
Iceland eastwarda as far as the shores of the Kara ^Bi it migrates
in winter to the Baltic, the shores of the North Sea, and the
English Channel ; occasionally straying to Southern Europe. The
Nearctic lonn, doubtfully distinct, inhabits Eastern Arctic America,
including tireeuland ; south to Northern Labrador in summer, and
to the northern boundaries of United States in winter.
Purchased.
Purchased.
Theodore Fisher, Esq
[P.}
Purchased.
/,jf. $«d.et ,J
A, i,k. dk ^■
el puU. St.
/. (fjav.sk.
No locality.
Reawick, Sbetlands, Aug.
Damsa Holm, Orkneys.
StromnesB, Orkney.'^, Oct.
(J. H. DiaiH).
Seobuhm ColL
StromneM, OrknejB, June
(J. H. Dunn).
St. Hilda, June (C. Dixon).
StEilda.
p, 9. (f $ ad. at South Uiat
r, *. tj S ad. at
t. S tA.tk.
u. $ ad. Bk.
e, «, J. (T 2 ad.
et pull. ek.
y. ,; ad. Bk.
>. <; ad. at
o',4'. cJS«l.Hk
c'. cJ juT. dk.
tt,t',f'. Skeletona.
jf'-M'. St«ma.
Island of Coll, May.
Fum la., March.
lieHdnell, March,
liodo, Norway.
Lat79''30'>!.,'Long.4'>E.
Spitabergen.
Spitsbergen, Jul^, Aug.
Nameless Day, INoTa Zembla,
Seebohm Coll.
Theodore Walker,
TTiBQdoie HValkM,
Esq. [P.].
Colonel Irby [P.]-
Seebohm Colt
Seebohm Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Capt. D. Gray [PJ.
The Admiralty [P.].
McCormick Bequoai.
H. Lefebvre Colt.
9'. $ ad. ek.
r'. tj ad. at.
J. S ad. ak.
N. America.
Repulse Bay.
Cape Fnuer, Aug. (H. 1
Feilden).
Doblnn Bay, Sept (H.
Old Coll.
H. J. Elwea, Eaq.
RB.'Roa8,E«|.[P.l.
Dr.J. Ra«pa
Voy. H.M.S. 'Alert'
Voy. H.M.S. 'Alert'
Voy. H.M.S. 'Alert'
Salrin-Qodman OoU.
54. BOMAXB&IA.
431
(1862) ! EBiot, lUuttr. Am. B. pi. 48. (pta. liv., iv., 1869} ; Dofl
$■ Bana. Tr. Okie. Acad. i. p. 300 (1869); Coue», Kty, p. 293
(1872) ; id. Cheek-luC, a. 6U {1873) ; id. B. N.- Wat, p. 681
(1874); Doll, All/. Aleut. Ul U«al. wala.p.7 (1874); SidyK.
Worn. N. Am. B. n. 628 (1881) ; Coua, Chtek-Hst, 2nd ed. p. 116,
n. 736 (1882) ; Sean, Pr. U.S. A'at. Mu». 1882, p. 167; fSteami,
Pr. tT.8. Nat. Mia. 1883, p. 121 (Labrador); Neltrni, Cnt>*e
'ConcB,' p. 101 (1883); Saund. FarreiCs Silt. Brit. S.iv.f. 459
(1684-85) ; Seeb. Hut. Brit. B. iii. p. 617 (1885) ; Turner, Auk,
1885, p. 158; Stfjn. Bull. U.S. Hat. Mui. no. 29, p. 173, pi, to.
i. 3 (head, Copper Island) (188.^) ; Murdoch, Exped. to Point
BarroK, Ata»ka, p. 110 (1886) ; Mattchie u. Ziimer, J.f. O. 1886,
p. 192; A. 0. if. Cfcct-Cri S: Am. B. p. 123, u. 161 (1886);
TumCT-, Qmtr. N. H. <tf Aliuka, p. 136 (1886); JViirwi, Nat.
HiU. OoO. in Ahuka, p. 78, pi. v. f. 2 (head) (1887) ; Itidffic. Man.
S. Am. B. p. 110 (1887): Sti^n. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mvt. x. p. 137
(1887) (Copper lal. and Bering M.) ; Maefarl. Pr. U.S Nat.
Mm. siT. p. 422 (Fnuiklin B«v) (1891); P&uw, Avk, 1892,
p. 198 (Kansas I) ; AUen., Auk, ]893, p. 123.
Somataria v-nigrum, Bp. Compl. Bend, zliii. p. 650, n. 124 (1366) ;
Selii», BuU. Ac. Roy. Brur. Koii. 3. p. 16 (ISSOJ ; Blakist. Ibii,
1863, p. 150; G. S. Gr. Hand-ltif, lii. p. 88, n. 10707 (1871) ;
Adtimi, IbU, 1878, p. 434 (Michalaaki); Sah. ^ Sclal. Ibii, 1361,
p. 491 ; BchruB. On. CentraM. 1882, p. 18; Saand. IbU, 1883,
p. 347 j Slejn. Naturen, 1884, p. 61 ; A, B., * R. WaUr-B. N.
Am. ii. p. 80 (1884) ; Coua, Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 712,
n. 736 (1884) ; Edd. Ibii, 1886, p. 202 (note).
Somateria molliNsinia, Taex. (n«e Linn.) Orn, Faun. Vott. SUtir. p. 71
(1877) ; id. BuH. Soc. Zool. Ii-. ii. p. 48 (1877).
Similar in plumage to S. moUueima and S. dreueri, but the
adult vmle has a V-shaped mark of blatk on throat, tiko the male of
S. tpeetahiHt ; besides, the male has tho black of head bordered
beneath by pale green for nearly ita entire length, like S. dreueri :
bill of adult male bright orange or orange-red in life, with paler
tip. Wing 11-75-12-75 inchea, culmea l-aO-2-20, length of bill to
point of baaat angle 2-50-3-IO, tarsus 200-230.
The aduU frmaU is very similar to that of the allied apecieB, but
it is aomewhat larger ; wing 1 1-50-12--5O.
Youtuj in down. Very similar to the same stage of S. moUissima,
but apparently paler brown, and with the feathered portion of the
cnlmen narrower and more jwinted.
Hah. North-western America, east to Great Slave Lake ; north-
eastern Asia.
a, b. e sd. "fe
<r, rf, e. rf $ ad.
flt.et(Jimm.sr
f, g. PnlL at.
A. (f ad. all.
Old OoU.
Voy.ofH,M.8. 'En-
Butsian America {Adaiiu).
Kotzebue Sound.
(Typus of tlia api
Voy. of H.M.S
Wood rp.],
(Ck>-type of uie ^>eciee.)
*-p-(J $B^'< j"V-> St- MicbBel'H, Alnskft, Juae- Salvin-Oodmaii ColL
et pull. 8k. Auk. (-EL W. Netton).
o. $ &d. sk. St HichMl'i, Alaska, June (0. SftlTin-aodmBD Coll.
r, i. Jut. ak. Stewart's I., Alaska, Sept. (£. SMvin-OodmaD Odl.
W. A'eUon).
f. $ aa. ak. Cape Sabine, Alaska, Aug. The Admiialt? [P.].
N. $ ad. ak. Arctic coast, £. of Ft Ander- SalTin-Oodnui Coll.
son, July {It. MaeFarlaiu).
4. Somateria spsctabilia.
(Hudson'e Bay).'
Anas freti budsonia.
Anas spectabilis, lAnn. S. N. i. p,
Voy. Pact/, iii. p. 356 (1784) ; Sparrm. Mua. QtrUon. fuse ii.
t 39 ((J), t 40 (2) (1786); Om. S. ilf. i. 2, p, 607, n. 5 (1788);
Lath. Ind. Ora. iL p. 846, n. 36 (1790) ; Bonn. Enc. MttA. i.
p. 125, pi. 31. f. 3 (1790); PaB. Zoogr. Bono-A». ii. p. 236
aab.lxTii.l(1811); Fwa/. i^. i). T.pp. 112, 162 (1816); Dvm.
Diit. Sc. Sat. vi. p. .■152 (1817) ; Sa6oie, Linn. Tratu. xii. p. 563
(Oreeii]aDd)(1818); TVmni. JVon. (i'Om. 2ad ed.ii.p. 851 (1620)
Yarrell, Linn. Trmt. iv. 2, p. 391, pi. it. c, d (trachea) (1827)
Leu. Man. d'Om. ii. p. 416 (1828) ; td. Tr. d'Om. p. 631 (1831)
Ttmm. I. e. W. p. 541 (1840) ; Ifaum. Vdg. Deutidtl. xii. p. 286,
Taf. 322. [. 1 (younp), Taf. 323 (1844) ; SchUg. Rev. Crit. p. cin
(1844) ; Middend. Sibir. Rett. ii. p. 2a'),Taf. xxii. f. 1 pullus],
i 2 (egg) (1863) ; Miinter, J.f. 0. 1863, p. 207 (Inseln Huden) ;
Schroder, J. f. O. 1853, p. 322 {Lapland) ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863,
p. 324 (Obina) ; jBimwy. J. f. 0. ISH p. 432 ; Qitb. Thes. Om. i.
p. 362 (1872).
Canard a, tele grit^;. Jivf. HUt. Nal. 0«. ii. p.SS.-] (1783)
64. BOVAIEBU.
0846); B^h, Cat. B. Mui.A.S.B.
Bp. Oam^U Jiend. xUii. p. 660, n. 125 (li
307, n. 1790 (18*9)
)): Baird.B. N.Am.
606 (lesa) : EooTU * StuTffe,
p. SIO (1856) ; id. Oal.
16u, 1869, p. 174 (Spitebergen P) ; Wheat. Ohio Agric. tUp. _
(UkB Eria 1) ( 1880) ; Rfinh. Ibu, 1801, p. 14 (Greenland) ; Torrll,
Bidrag tiU Spilihay. Motlmkf. etc. p. 67 (185B) ; rerr. Ft. Eu.
hut. m. p. 159 (18fi2): B^xirdm. Pr. Boit. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 140
(1862) J Can. Pr. PhUad. Acad. 1862, p. 323 ; IT. C. M<iU. fid.
Medd. (i) iv. p. S3 (Faem Jgl.) (1^); Bhti/tl. Ibu, 1663,
p. 150 (Iludnon's Baj) ; G. A Or. Lid Brit. B. p. 300 (1863) ;
Malmgren, (Eft. K. Vet.-Ak. Fdrh. 18(i3, p. 109 (StuUberj^n), 1864,
p. 401; id.J.f. 0. 1663, p. 360; JVVuf. Am, 1865, p. 616 (Spits-
bergen) ; Later. Ann. Lge. N. T. riji. p. 288 (1866) ; Baird, Ibit,
1867, p. 286 ; Di^l ^ Oerbe, On. Bur. ii. p. 557 (1S67I ; Couet,
Pr. Ei». Irut. y. p. 901 (1868) ; Colietl, Fid. Sfitk. Fdr/tandl.
1868, p. 181 (Norway), tf.J./. O. 1889, p. 304; DaU ^ Batm.
TV. CMe. Acad. i. p. 301 (1869) ; Tumb. B. E. Fa. p, 46 (New
Jeraej in Bevere wtotere) (1869) ; Eylm, Syn. Anat. p. la's (1669) ;
Sou, J. f. O. 1809, p, 07 (Lofoten) ; 8. Matter, ibid. p. 348
(FSroe) J Gt^ld, B. of Great BrU. v. pi. 27 (1870) ; GUI^t. Ibis.
1870, p. 309 (Novaia Semlju); Hartiny, P. Z "
(ben' ' ■' -'."'."-
J (Novaii Semlju); Hartiny, P. Z. S. 1871, f. 118,
1 1_ (W of the 5); G. R. Gr. Band'litt,m.f.88,n.lQ'708
nSiDiHeuffl. Ptterm. Geogr. MittK. 1871,pp.69.«5; rrf, J./. O.
1871 , p. 105 (Spilabeiven) : id. Ibia, 1872, p. 63 (Novaia Semlja) ;
id. J.f. O. 1872, p. 122 ; Feild. Zoolog. 1672, p. 3265 (F»roe I.) ;
^L Slander). MeUt. not. Av. ditp. Ttnt. p, 149 (18>2) ; Comi, Key ff.
^B Am. B. p. S93 (1872) ; Id. Cheelt-liat, a. 166 (1873) ; Finteh,
^H ZteeiU tkuttrhe Nordpol/ahrl, ii. p. 216 (1873); Datt, Amf.
^H AUut. hi. Unal. Eattte. p. 6 (1673) ; Omet, Birdi N.- Wetl, p. 6^1
^B (1874) ; Tna. Bull. Soe. ZooL Fr. Ji. p. 48 (1877) ; id. Om. Faun.
^m Voa. Sibir. p. 71 (1877) ; Feild. P. Z. 8. 1877, pp. 30, 32 (W. of
^M Cape Uuiun) ; id. Ibi$, 1877, p. 412 (Floeberg Beach, kt 82^ 37'
^1 N.) ; Ih-eu. B. of Eur. vii. p. 643, pi. 446 (1877) ; Seeb. Ibit,
^M 1879, p. 161 (SiberiR) ; BriitA. Vid. Mtdd. 1879, p. 205 ; Sdat.
^H p. Z. S. 1880, p. 626; Brartdt, J. f. O. 1880. p. 240 (nole);
^^1 frn.Jlnin fhiU. Ktltt Om ntlJl. V n ]f4t) m.aKtnm\mn nn.jtl
H Bb
H Ex
■
■
■ I;
■ Ci>
■ S
L
Sms/iaw, Bidl. Null. Om. Club, v. p. 189 (Calitornisn «MWt)
(1860) ; Comeav, Caimd. Spoilim. and Natural, i, do. 7, p. 51
(nesting on a small island nanr Mingan) (1861) ; Ridgv. Norn. N.
j1m.jB. 0.629(1881); Bchnw. Om. CmtralU 1882, p. 18: id.
VSg. tool. Oiirt. p. 49 (1882); Setii. Ibit, 1863, p. S83 (Kanin
Peiunsula) ; 0»««, Cat. B. Sh'iekl. Coll. p. 640 (Iceland) (1882) ;
Bean, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mas. 1882, p. 167 ; Paling, Intern. FitA.
ExMb. London, 1883, Swtden 8pM. Cat. p, 100 (1883) ; Sound. Ibi»,
183, p. 341 i Nelion, Crmte • Conoin,' p. 101 (1883) ; Steai-ni, Pr.
U.S. Nat. Mut. 1883, p. 121 (Labrador) ; B. O. U. ImI Brit. B.
p. 134 (1883); Taa. Btdl. Soe. Zool. Fr. riii. p. 344 (Kamt-
Khntka) (1883); B., B., ^ R. Wnter-BinU N. Am. U. p. 83
(1864); S<amd. Yarreiri Hut. Brit. B. it. p. 463 (1864-86);
Dixm, lbi», 1885, p. 88 (St. Kilda) ; Sseft. Hid. Brit. B.
1, pi. 50 (eiw) (1685): Matiehie u. Zienur, J.f. O.
103 ; Murdoch. Erped. to Point Barrow, Alatka, p. 120
(1886)"; Utejiug. Om. Eipt. of the Comm. Itl. and Kamlaeliatka,
p. 818 (1885); A. O. U. CheckJid N. Am. B. p. 133, n. 162
(1886) ; Tuner, Contr. N. H. of AUitkn, p l.-i7 (1886) ;
Payne, Pr. Canad. Ind. (3| v. p. 122 (Prince of Wales's Souod,
Bndson'R Strait) (1837) ; Nelton, Nat. Ititt. Call, in Ala»kn, p. 70
(1867) i Murdoch, Zookgitt, 1887, p. 108 [Point Bartow) ; Btdgw.
„ xxTu. 2 r
I. N. Am. B. p. 110 (1887J ; Lewk.J.f. 0.1b87,p.86(var.)!
Stejnrg.Pr. U.S. Nat. Mui. 1867, p. 13S; Simti, BoUM. M
Natural. 1888, p. 137 (Venetian) ; Seeb. Ibu, 1888, p. 3€1 (QtMt
Liakoff IbL) ; Hartw. J.f. O. 1889, p. 163 ; TrUtr. Cat. ColL B.
p. 47 (Labrador) (1888) ; Setb. B. Jap. Emp. p. 266 {Knrile U.)
(1890); Rohnw.J.f. 0.1890, p. 83; WatUr, Aid. pp. 235,236,
288, 339, 243, 245, 247 (E. Spitsbergen) ; Maffarl. Pr. U.S. NaL
Mut. 1891, p. 422 (Franklin Ba^) ; Hartal, Sat. Fogfliamml.
p. 233 (1891) ; SouihtoeU, Tr. Norw. &>c. v. pp. 68, 60 (Norfolk)
(1891); SM£.iMi,1892,p. 28 (Heligoland); Hatch, B. of Mmna.
p. 68 (1892) ; Allen, Auk, 1893, p. 123 ; W. S. J., Fore^ and
Strtam, 1893, p. 911 (Maine) ; .Mociaj/, Auk, 1884, p. 224; Whit-
field, ibid. p. 323 1 ColieU, Mindre Medd. ixdr. Noiyet FugUf.
1881-92, p. 287 (1894).
FlaUpus ipectabilia, Brekm, Lehrb. Naturg. eur. Vdg. ii. p. 816
(1824) ; Biick, J.f. O. 1863, p, 371.
FuIiguJa spectabili^ Bp. Ann. Lue. N. Y. ii. p. 369, d. 332 (1826) ;
id. &n. p. 389 ( 1828} ; id. Itit, 1832, p. 1188 ; Awl. Om. Biogr.
iii. p. 528, pi. 276 ; id. &flt. p. 291 (1839) ; Seb/g-Z. Faun. Belg.
I. 143 (1842) ; And. B. Am. vi. p. 347, pL 404 (1843) ; De Kay,
''. Y. Zool. ii. p. 334 (1844) ; Giraud, B. Long /ri.p. 333 (l&M) ;
iJegl. Om. £W. ii. p. 466 (1649) ; Schleg. Mus. F.-B., Anaere*,
p. IS (1866) ; Palmin, J.f. O. 1876, p. 67 (Finland) ; Brandt,
J.f. 0. 1891, p. 268 (Sitka and Aleutians).
Fuligula (Somateria) spectabilis, X«U. Man. ii. p. 414 (1834);
Brandt, Mhn. Ae. St FOerA. (6) \Sc. Nat.) ri. 1649, p. 6 (1647).
Somateria pectoralie {erroret), ZteJU. Ifomenol. Ac. p. 103 (1854)
(Qreenland).
Somateria megarbjDcbus, Brehm, Vege{f. p. 389 (1856) ; ti'. Nau-
mannia, 1856, p. 299.
Soniat«riB altenateini, Bnhm, Voge\f. p. 389 (1865) ; id. A
1856, p. 299.
"Anaasuperba,X«ic*, Suit. Cat.\S>\6* ."fde B., B.,^ B. WaUr-
Birde N. Am. p. 83 (1864).
Jv',!
54. BOUATGSU.
435
upper mandible spread oat into a ehield on Ench iido, reddish
oranj^e-colour ; irides yellow ; legs atid feet orauge-red, membrane
darker. Total length about 24 incheB, wing 11*5, tail 4'2o,
cnlmen 1-25, tarens l-'a,
Femalt. lt«semblea that of S. moUUtima, bat U mddier and
Bmallar, and besides ma; bo distinguished by the central line of
feathers on the culmon running down to the nustrils, while iu the
Common Eider it hardly reaches halfway. General plumage fosy
rufoaa ; head and nock with narrow black streaks ; feathers of the
back and upper wiug-coverta with black centrea ; breast and flanks
vith crescentic black bands ; lower breast and abdomeu darker ;
greater wing-coverta and quills blackish brown, the greater wing-
coTert* and eecondariea with a narrow white band at the tip;
tertiala somewhat bent downwards and edged with rufous-brown ;
under wing-coverta greyish brown ; axillarios white, dusted with
grey ; tail Ijlackish brown : bill greenish brown ; iris dull yellow ;
feet dull ochre. Total length 22*5 inches, wing lO'O, culmcn
1-25.
I'ouny in jirit plumaiff resembles the females, but has traces of
the dark lines on the throat and margin of the bill (Seehol'in).
Malt* injlrtt. nuptial dress have very small shields at the base of
the bill, and only a few of the wing-coverts are white.
Males in moitttiiiff drat closely resemble males in first plumage,
but may be diiitinguishcd by the broader shields at the base of the
hill.
Fmauf in down has the bill narrower than in the Common Eider ;
the down of the central ridge runs down to the nostrils in the same
characteristic manner as Ihe feathers in the adutt ; the upper parts
are only a trifle mure rufous, but the cheeks, throat, and underpaxts
are much lighter and yellower than in the Common Eider.
Hah, Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere; in America,
iKsCBtdonally in winter to New Jersey, the Great Lakes, and Cali-
fornia; in Europe, rarely in the British Islands, franco, and
Scandinavia.
H. J. Elwee, Esq.
[P.]. ^
Capt. Collinson [P.],
Snlvin-Qodm&n Cull.
I,m, n. 6 ad., Wbalelish Island (I>r. Bobert- The Admiralty [P.j.
Franklin Bay, July (R. Mac- 9alvin-Godniiui Coll.
Far/an^).
Repulse Bay. Dr. J. Rta [P.]
Lftt 82° 30', June (//. JT, The Ad.uiralty [P.].
t. S imm. sk.
Lat. rO= N., Long. 68= 30' W,
{FtUden).
H. W. FeUden [P.].
u. ,; ad. Bk.
Godbout, Canada, Jan. (N. A.
Qmeau).
Chicago Market fimported
from Calumet MarBheB), Dec.
Salrin-Godmia CoL
c-rfjaT.ik.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
». $ ad. sk.
r. Juv. ak.
DuKovery Bay, July.
Greenland.
J. Hart, Em. fC.].
TweeddalTfcoU.
y. (J«d.Bk
Hume Coll.
e. 9 ad. sk.
Greenlsnd.
Gould Coll.
ad. bL
Greenland.
HolboU CoU.
<r. <J imm. Bk.
Nanortalik, Greenland, Feb.
{R. Miilkr).
Hatgitt Coll.
€!,/: (J ad. Bk.
Nanortalik, Greenland, Feb.,
MBKh (R. Miilkr).
Seebohm CoU.
Sf, h: 2 ad. at
S. Greenland, Dec., Jan.
Dr. R. Bowdler
JUT. Bk.
f. ,; ad. at
Orknera.
Sharps [P.].
W. Parke, F^. [P.].
1:4r^
Nova ilembla, June.
No locality.
Puichaaed.
Subfamily IX. £RI8MATURIN.£.
£«y to the Oenera.
a. Bill about tbe langtb of the head; no
Godent lobeou Uiechin; tail-feathers
a than 24.
a'. Nul of the bill perpendicular.
', Tail shorter thaji t
6>'>, That^asscdbnts, p. 436.
55. IBALASStOBKIS. 437
Thalauioriiig leuconotuB, G. JR. Gr. ^ Milch. Gm. B. iii. p. 620,
pi. 169. t 1 (1844) i Udaib. Sgn. Ae., NttUtores, t. 70. ffi 232«-
2»{1850)! id. Ac. Sytt. Nat. p. viii, tab. »iii. (16o2); Feh.
-fin'*) h'oMra, Vcff. p. 13a (ISCo) (Cape cf tJood Hope); FinKh
u. Marti. Viig. O.-A/r. p. 810 (1870) : Sartrrt, Eat. VoytUatHini.
p. 234 (laH).
Claogula leuconotua, thnith, 10. S. A/r., Zool., Aves, pi. 107 (1646).
Anaa brevipeniik, Licht. Mu». JJerol., tette G, R. Gr. Gen. £., App>
p. 28 (184fl).
ThaludorDU leucouoIa.X^f.A'onww/. ^o. p. 103 (1854) ; Cab., v.
d. Deck, Seite O.-Afr. p. SI (lOtW) ; Htmdtv. Meth. nat. Av. ditp.
Tent. p. 160 (1872): HcAnio. J. f. O. 1887. p. 4Q (NjaoHi) ;
MattcSi^, J. /. O. 1887, p. 157 ; Sdnv. J. /. O. 18*W, p. 2lK>
(Quitimanci) ; id. Mitth. Natnrh. Mug. at Hamb. i. p. S (^Qiuli'
mane) (1803) ; id. VOs. Ueuttck-Oit-Afr. p, 25 (1894).
ThalftsaoraL) leucoDota, £p. Comut. Rend, iliii. p. 656, n. 194
(18«); Hartl. J. f. O. 1860, p. 174; id. On. Seilr. Faiai.
Madag. p. 83 (1601) ; Follat, N. T. D. i. p. 328 (1803) ; Vftr. iw
KiMon'B Toy. ik Madag., App. 1), p. 4 (1866) ; Laijard, Bird* of
B. Afr. I
(Msaagtt
0 (1867) ; Gratid. Rev. i* Mag. de Zocl. 1866, p. 6
~ " 1871):
^--sdagMCM) i a. R. Gr. Har,d4iit, iii. p. 90, n. 10717 (1871) ;
Boc. Jom. Aead. 8c. Litb. 1873, p. 70 (lUo Coroca) ; Aym, Ibin,
1874, p. 105 (Transvaal) ; Boc. u. Gad. J. f. O. 1876, p. 204;
J. J. O. 1877, p. U (Lowjgo) ; HanL Die Vog. Madag.
p. 366 (1877) : Sclat. P. Z. 8. 1880, pp. 529, 534 ; Fia^. h. lirhmn.
J.f. O. 1880, p. 139 (ZaniiW) ; JSw. On. Angola, p. 505 (1881) ;
Bull., Feiid., * Reid. Zootog. 1882, p. 428 (Natal) ; Bohm, JJ. 0.
1882, p. 184 (ZBoiiW) ; Milne-£dm. ^ Grandid. Oit. Madag.
p. 735, pi. 275a. f. 3 (1882) ; Skarpe, Lagard't B. of 8. Afr.
P. 761 (1884); Bohm, J.f. O. 1885, p. 38 (UgftJlo. C. Afr.);
FUcher, J.f. O. 1886, p. 115; Sifinondt, Ibie, lb87, p. 38«
(Orange Free State) ; SaCvad. Arm. Mum. Civ. Gen. (2) vi. p. 324
(Shoa) (1888); Trittr. Cat. CoU. B. p. 46(1888); Sibree, lbi»,
1892, pp. 205, 271 ; NiehalU ^ Egiinglon, SportUH. m & Afr.
p. 125 (cote) (1893).
Enamatura leuconota, Mont. P. Z. S. 1 S65, p. 89 (Benguela).
Buiura leuconota, Schli^. Mat. P.-B. Andres, p. 8 (1606); Gieb.
Tiei. On. i. p. 467 (1872).
Clangula leuconota, (^in. Trae. in S. Afr. ii. App. p. 423 (1868).
Anas leuconotua, Gieb. The*. Orn. i. p. 355 (1872).
Emmatura (Thalaseiorais) leuconuta, Rchmc. Orn. Centralbl. 1882,
p. 4.
Aoaasp., Bohm, J.f O. 1885, p. 51, 1887, p. 157 f = P leuconota).
Adith male. Upper part of the bend, uape, and throat black,
varied with jtillow-oclinHjiiB ; a buHy-nbita spot at tho ontcrior
part of tho checks just near the base of the bill, exlcnding to below
tho gape ; sidua uf tho head oohreona yellow, with Uauk roundish
spots ; Bides and anterior part of the upper nccic uniform bright
ochreons yellow ; hack, scapulars, and wiiig-coTort« with black and
rufous-ochreoua hands; rump white; upper tail-coverts black, with
buff bands ; nnderparls ochreous yellow, the jugulum, sides of the
breast, and flanks banded with block, the black bands broader on the
flttnks ; centre of the breaat uniform, uuspolted ; abdomen and
under tail-coverta dusky, the edges of the feathers buff; primaries
greyish brown, tho secondaries spottt^ with rufous on the edges;
438 AVATIDf.
nnder wing-coverte brown-grey, the maifjnal onoB tinged with
buff; axillaries buff, with a brown stripe along the middle ; tail-
feathers blackiab brown, with narrow ochreoas edges; "bill blue
cod slate colour, lower mandible yellowuh ; irides dark brown ;
feet dark brown" (A^res). Total length 16-17 inches, wing 7,
tail 2-5, culmeD 1-7, tarsus 1-3.
Female. Similar to the male.
Toung. Similar to the adult, but less ochreons and more brown
on the abdomen.
Hob. Sonthern Africa, north to Loango on the western coast,
and to Sboa on the eastern ; Madagascar.
E. WUson, Esq. [P.].
Sir A. Smith [P.].
(Types of the ppecies.)
Sir A. Smith [P.].
Eyton Coll.
Shelley Coll.
Cftpt. Sarile Reid [CI.
J.H.Gumey,E*q.[P.].
Shelley CoU.
J. Monteiro [C.].
a. Ad. St
Africa.
6, c, d. Ad. et
8. Africa.
8. Africa.
/. Juv. sk.
S, Africa.
f, A. 6 ad. sk.
Newcastle, Katsl, Sept.
t. $ ad. sk.
Newcastle, Natal, Sept.
*.rfad.8k.
Kroonstad, Orange Free
State, March <E. T.
/. Ad. sk.
Transvaal (T-.^arw).
m. Juy. sk.
56. N0M0N7X. ^
Nomonyz, SidffV). Pr. U. S. Nat. Mut. iii. p. 16 (1880). N. dom
Bange. Tropical America, including the West Indies.
56, uttxoxjx.
489
3 (1824).
Soffra't Hid. Nat. Cuba, Oit. p. 297 (1840) (CuIm et BolivU) ;
Burm. Syit. Veberi. iii. p. 440 (1856).
FuIigiiU dominicB, Steph. Gen. Zuol. lii. 3, p. S03
Cerconeclea spinoMt, Wr^l. Isu, lifi2, p. S82 (Par .
Ensmstura dominicH, E}/t. Matt, Anat.y. 172 (1838) ; Hititl. Fen.
Oa. Mm. p. 121 (1844) ; G. R. Gr. Utt B. Brit. Mat. iii. p. 14U
(1844): id. Gen. B. iii. p. 627, n. 6 (1844); ficAnJ. Sm. Av.,
KalAtore^, t. 78. ff. 900-901 (ISIS) ; Lidtt. Nomencl. Av. p. 103
(1854) (Montevideo, Chili); Bp. C<mpt. Send, iliii. p. 626,
n. 162 (1856) ; Cab. ^ Gundl. J. f. 0. 1867, p. 231 (Cuba) ; Sctat.
P. Z. 8. 1667, p. 30a (JaUwi) ; Cabot, Pr. Bmt. Sac. N. H. yL
p, 376 (1858) (Lahe Chnmplain); Baird, B. N. Am. pp. 811, 925
(1868) (Lake UhampUin) ; id. Cat. JV. Am. B. n. 010 (1869) ; A.
^E. Ifewt. Ihui. 1859, p. 367 (St CrMx); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860,
S, 264 (OriMbo): Baird, B. N. Am. ed. 18^, pi. 92; Gundl,
./. O. \ml, p. 340, 1862, p. 03 ; Rii, 1863, p. 289 (Maitimca )
OundL Bepert. Fivco-Xat. Cuba, i. p. 391 (1866); JUol. Oit.
TVuui/. p, 625 (1806) ; EyC. Si/n. Ana/.p.laH (1869); Pek. Om.
Bras. pp. 320, 321 (trachea), 460, li.\ (1870) ; BeirA. Fugl. Bras.
Camp. p. 20 ( FuJ. Mtdd. 1870) (Lngoa dos Pitoa) ; EuirUten, Pr,
Boa. Soe. N. H. ut. p. 164 (WieconSn) (1871) ; Brewer, Am. Nat.
T. p. 441(1871); e.R. Gr.amrf-;M(, iii. p. 90, 11.10723(1871);
Couet, Key N. Am. B. p. 396 (1872) ; id. Checklist, a. 620
(18781 ; Zte, Ibi$, 1873, p. 137 (Entrerios. Ai>rent Rep.) ; Sclat.
* Sale. Nommd. Av. Neolrop. p. 131 (1873); Lawr. Mem. Bosl.
Soc.N. M.ii.f. 316(1874) (Mesico); Coaa, B. If.-Weit,f.6SS
(note) (1874) ; OundL J./. O. 1874, p. 3U (Porto Bico), 1876,
p. 884 (Cuba); Pi)ani/: i6«, 1876, p. 163 (ArgentineP) ; Selat. ^
Saiv. P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 406, 411 ; Gundl. Anal. Soc. Etp. Hitt.
Nat. vii. p. 408 (1878) (Porto Kco) ; id. J.f. 0. 1878, pp. 162,
191 ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 630 ; Sale. Cat. B. Stride!. CoU.
p. 641 (1882) ; Barrme, Auk, 1884, p. 274 (Lower UrupuiT) ;
£mtt, Sev. Cienl. DWc. Centr. Ti^Bei. i, p. 43 (Veneiualft) (1887) ;
Brrl. J.f. O. 1887, p. 13.3 (Pamguay).
OxTura dominicR, Eot Mon. Anat. pf, 24. f. 2 (head of the femiUe)
(1838).
Ensmatiira spiaosa, Gone, B. Jam. p. 404 (1847) ; AUirecAt, J.f. O.
1862, p. 2(n (Jaaaical.
EriamatuTa ortjgoides, " Hill," Ooue, B. Jam. p. 406 (1847) ; Goue,
JUtutr. B. Jam. pL 113 (1849) ; Jlchnb. Si/n. Ac, NaUtorei, t. 91.
f. 2053 (1860) (ex ffowe) ; Bp. Compl. Bend. xUii. p. 662, a. 163
(1856).
DeDdrocjgnua npioosa, Brewer, Pr. Bott. Soe. K H. viL p. 808
(I860) (Cuba).
Biziura dominica, ScAleg. Mat. P.-B., Anaerea, p. 9 (1866) ; Gieb.
Tha. Om. i. p. 467 (1872).
NomonjTE dominicua, RiA/te. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mut. iii, p. 16 (1880) ;
■a. Norn. N. Am. B. n. 635 (1881); B., B., * J!. WaUr-B. N.
Am. ii. p. 109 (1884) ; Cory, Lilt B. W. hd. p. 31 (1886) ;
A. O. U. Check-tiat N. Am. B. p. 125, n. 168 (1886); Ridgw.
M<m.N. Am. B. p. 114, n. 125(1887); Cory. Auk, 1888, p. 68;
id. B. Wett Ind. p. 260 (1889) ; Sclut Aryent. Om. ii. p. 138
(18B9); Cory, A«k,\e89, p. 336 (Maaeacbuutts) ; Sclat. Bnt, 1890,
p. 426 (Argentine) ; «ra«,.4i>A, 1801. p. 304 (Jamaica) ; BoUand,
Ibis. 1802, p. 209 (Argentine, egg») ; Cory, Auk, 1892, p. 272
(Cuba),
Momouyx {er,
'e) dominiciu, Ibii, 1880, p. 491 (lades).
HomooTZ domiDica, Cout$, Cheek-titt If. Am, B. 2od ed. p. 117,
n. 742 (1682) ; id. Eey N. Am. B. Sod ed. p. 715, n. 742 (18B4).
AduUmaU. HeadbUck; neck and breast bright nutyciDnamon,
shading into reddish white on the lower parts ; feathere of the back,
scapulars, and feathers of the flanks broadly centred with black,
the edges cinuamon ; wings brown, with a white band or speeolum
formed by the tips of the anterior wing-coverts and by the basal
portion of the auterior secondaries; some of the median wing-
ooverts edged with rusty dnnamon ; under wing-coverts brown,
with narrow whitish edges ; tail blaek : " bill blue ; nail, tip of both
mandibles, and naked skin on chin black; remunder of the lower
mandible reddish white ; outer aspect of tarsus and two outer toes
dark brown or blaok, the inner side of the tarsus, inner toe, and
membranes pale brown, spotted with black ; iris dark brown ;
naked skin round the eyes bluish " (Gundlaeh), Total length
about 15 inches, wing 5*7, tail 4, culmeu 1-26, tarsus 1.
Female. Tpper parts brown ; pileum uniform ; a narrow super-
Goliary stripe buff; a broader baud, also bufF colour, underneath the
eyee from the bill to the occiput ; two dark bands from the bill to
occiput, one through the eyes, the other lower down, starting from
the gape ; throat buff ; neck buff mottled with brown ; feathers of
the breast and flanks centred with brown, the edges buS ; abdomen
buff, tbe brown bases of the feathers more or less showing through :
feathers of the back more or less edged and spotted nith buff;
wings brown ; wing-speculum white as in the male ; tail blackish ;
>' bill horn-brown, with the tip black " (Oundlaeh). Size somewhat
smaller than the male.
Toung. Besembles the female, but there are no distinct brown
centres to the feathers of the breast and flanks, and the whole of
the lowur parts have the bases of the feathers much paler brown.
r ^ 1
57. EEIMAIUEA. ^^ M
Oxjan. (gubffen.), Bp. Ann. Lye N. T. a. (1826), ^1
Ensmiitura, Bp. Sagg.' Dittr. Met., Agg. « Can. ■
Gymnura (suhKen.), A'^it. 5fan. ii. p. 426 (18Si
Uidina, GobW, B. <tf E>if. r. pi. 38;) (1837) . . .
BTthoaesaa, Okgrr, Handr- u. HiTftA. p. 413 (18-
EVimirtura ierrort't), DegL ^ Gerbe, Om. £ur
p. 665 (1867).
Range. Almost coBmopolitan.
Key to Ih4 Species,
a. Bretst, and usuailv also the back nnd flanks,
lirwht chestnut {Adult Main).
a'. Head partlv white.
a". Head white, crown black
b". Cheeks and chin white, upper part of the
head lo the occiput Uack
I b'. Head and upper part of the neck wholly
.. E.iamaicensi.. ^
2). E. leuoocephala.
jamaicenii*, p. 44d. ^H
ma««a,p.44a ■
ferruginea, p. 449. ^|
vitfata, p. 4.50.
aiutralia, p. 4eL
1
leucBeephala, p. 443.
mac^, p. 448. ^^H
jatnaiceruii, p. 415. ^H
^^^■^ tf: Aiillaries grcviah hrowa, edged with
^^^V- a'". Chin white.
^^^^^ a'. Under tail-coverts rusty red
^^^H 6'. Under tail-coveru white
^^■b ^". Chin Uke the head bUck.
^^■P c*. Chestnut colour of the breast, flanks,
^^^^V and upper parts lighter and
^K- brighter
^^^ d*. Chestnut colour of the brenat, flaoka,
6. Breast and upper paita uot bright or deep
chestnut, always more or less fi^ckl^I or
barred with brown {Fftnale* and Young).
<f. Upper mandible at base decidedly swollen on
tio sides; usually upper parts distinctly
, e". Cheeks not uniform with the upper part
^^B* -• of the head, but crossed below the eyes
^^HL by a whitish band from the bill to the
^^■l ocdput.
^^KT "'"■ Uuder tail-coverta whitish, not
M sharply detined from the remainder
I if". Under tail-coverta pure white, sharply
[ defined from the remainder of the
t abdomen.
r e". Bill across at bmadest point 0-80-(M)0
L "^
k
/*. Bill across at broBdeet point 0-75-0-8(
«"'. Cheekn dmk brown, almost unifoim . . \\l!Zi^!^!.-.'r. im
/•'. ChMbuid uppmput. of th. b,«ll ''»""™'"'I'"''
brown, freckled and mottled witli
paler markingH amtTalu,^. 4Sl.
1. Eriflma,tnr& lencoceplLala.
PWbite-head, SJum, Trae. p. 264 (1788).
Anas leucDcepbaluB, Scop. Ann. I. Hut. Nal. ■p. 65, n. 79 (1789) ;
Om. S. N. 1. 2, p. 516, n. 72 (1788) ; LatA. Jnd. Om. ii. p. 868,
n. 84 {17801 ; Stmn. Ene. M&h. i. p. 131 (1790) ; Bechtt. Om.
Tatehenb. ii. p. 444, Taf. 28 (tj) (1803); Beoha. Gem. Naturg.
DnUtcAl. iv. p. 982 (1800) ; Sao^, Doer, de lEgypt, Hut. iV'at.
i. pt. 4, p. 316, pi. 10. f. 2 (1809) ; Temm. Man. d'Om. p. 5fl6
(1815) J Dum. Dtct. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 397 (1817) ; Temm. (^. cit.
2nd ed. ii. p. 860 (1820) ; Banz. El. di Zool. iii. pt it p. 137,
tav. 30. f. S ? $ ) (182H) ; Be. Speech. Comp. p. 72, n. 230 (1827) ;
leg). Tr. dOra. p. ttSO (1831) ; Stridil. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. viii.
p.646{1842)i Naum. yi^.iWtjcAA lii. p. 149, TafT 316 (1844);
Buory, J.f. 0. 1867, p. 131 (Algeria).
Anas meraa, PaU. ReU. Bust. Seichs, ii. Ash. p. 713, n. 29, t. H
(1773) ( Ealk, Beytr. t. Top. Kennt. Biiu. Btichs. ii. p. 349, n. 76,
t. 23 (1786) ; Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 620, n. 84 (marsa) (1788) ;
if<»tti..Btc.Jlf«A.Lp. 127,pl.36.f.fl(<J 2) (1790); .Poll Zooffr.
BoMO-Ai. ii. p. 283, L lixiii. (1811) ; VieilL N. D. v. p. 137
(1816) ; Ihtmmt, Diet. Sc. Nat. vi. p, 376 (marea) (1817) ; .ScAAy.
Ben. Crit. p. cxviii (1844) ; Badek. J.f. O. 1864, p. 370 (Volga) ;
Piiukr, ibtd. p. 380 (tauris); Buiiry, J. f. O. 1857, p. '■'"
S7. .IBISVATTrBi..
1855, p. 369 (N.E. Africa) ; L. Brthm, Vage^.;a. 393 a856) ; id.
Naammmia, 1855, p. 298, n. 1 : -Bp. 0>mpt. Send, xliii. p. 602,
n. 157 (1856) ; Lochf, Vat. M. et O. Aigtr. p. )45 (1858) i Srhlfff.
DkretU. p. 274 (1864) ; Satoad. Cat. Uec. Sard. p. 108 ( 1864) ; id.
J.f. 0. 1865, p. 324 (Sardinia); Dodrri.Avtf. slcil. p. 269 (18C9);
Sft. Syn. Anat. p. 129 (1868| : £taft dj- Buekl. Iha, 167U, p. S40
(TurW); O.R. O. ffaniWijrf, iu. p. 90, n. 10718(1871); SheU.
S. of Effypl, p. 291, pi. xii. (1872) ; S^tiad. Faun, d'ltai, Ucc.
S270 (1872); Setyl. Om. H.O.-Afr. ii. 2, p. 1349 (1873);
ro(Ae, JKi, 1873, p. 343 ; Irtm, Om. Str. Gtbrall. p. 205 (1875)
(Cadii, Tsnper); Dan/. ^ Harrir-Broicm, Ihig, 1875, p. 427
(TraiwylvamR) ; WhaHon, IbU, 1876, p. 28 (Corsicd); Drm.
nil, 1876, p. 421 (TurkesUn); id. B. Eur. at. p. 677, pL 451
8. Siberia) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 530 ; Same ^ Marih. Game
" '/nd.iii.p.2tii>(KMidahRr).p.43e{Punjftb}(ie80); Gii/l. Vat,
p. 215 (Italy) ; Sale. Cat. B. StrickL CbU. p. 641 (18®) :
fi.o/7nd.iii.p.2tii>(KandahRr).p.43e{Punjftb}(ie80); Gtyl. Ihit,
'•""^, p. 215 (Italy); Sale. CtO. B. StrickL CbU. p.BilhsSS):
. Ibii, 1884, p. 429 (Lenkoran) ; Trietr. Faun. ^ Flor. of
Alal. p. 118 (1884) ; Wii/efi. IbU, 1986, p. 46 (Ooraica) ; Salvad.
M Ucc. Ital. p. 368 (1886) ; St. John, I6u, 1S89, p. 179 (KeUt) :
Triitr. Cat. Coll B. p. 47 (1889) ; JfcAnw. J. f. 0. 1890, p. 84 ;
Dreu. Ibis, 1891, p. 369 (Eraeroom) ; Floertke, J. f. 0. 1891,
p. 170 (Schlesia); Sartert, Kal. Foffehammi. p. 234 (1891);
-^ttaria.J,/. 0.1802. p. 430 (Holland); JVourw, ftis, 1894, p. 350
(eg?)-
OereoDtctes mersa, Waffl. leig, 1832, p. 282.
Uiidina leucocepbaln, Gould. B. Eur. y. pi. 385 (1837).
Oxyura imifosciata, Eyt. Man. Anal. pi. 24. t. 1 (head of [^ iur.)
fl838).
Erimnntura mersa, Bp. Comp. Li*t, p. 69, n. 431 (1838) ; G.ILGr.
Utt Gm. B. p. 75 (1840) ; id. op. at. 2nd ed. p. 90 (1841) ; id.
lAH B. Brit. Mas. iii. p. 146 (1844) ; id. Qcn. B. iii. p. «27, n, 1
(1844); mipp. Syft. Feftero. p. 138. n. 501 (1846) (E^ypt) ;
Brthm, yngelf. p. 382 (l&SS) ; id. NoMnmtnia, 1855, p. 298, n. 2 ;
Saiv. Ibii, I860, pp. 368, 364 (£. Atlaa) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1860, pp. 82,
103, 372 (N. AKca) ; «>«y», ibid. p. 364 (Ionian lal.) ; Tniir.
P.Z.8. 1864, p. 464 (Galilee) ; id. Ibii, 1868, p. 329 (Palestine) j
SheU. Ibis, 1871, p. 316 (Egypt) ; Sawxd. ibid. p. 397 (S. Spain) :
Ssvtrti. J.f. O. 1873, p. 344 (Turkestan), 1875. p. 185; Ltl/ord,
Oil, 1875, p. 16; Nathtu. J. f. 0. 1879, p. 260 (egg I: Umke,
Zool. QarL 1880, pp. 142-147 (Kims Steppea) ; Seeh. Ibit, 1883,
p. 329 (AatTBkhaii), 1883, p. 35 (Caucasus) ; Chapin. Ibit, 1884,
p. 91 (Spain), 1888. p. 447.
Uodina meraa, K. $ B. Wirbellh. Eur. pp. liMi-i, 229 (1840);
Radde, Omis Caitcas. p. 4.;9 (1884) (Ca«pinn).
Bythoneasa leucocepbata, Glager, Gem. Hand- u. Hit/A. i. p. 473
(1842).
Fuliffula mer», Degl. Om. Eur. ii. p. 476 (1849): Wriffkt, Hit,
1861, p. 291 (Malta) ; Severtx. Turkest. Jfrotn. p. 70 (1870).
Etismatura unifasciata, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliti. p. 662 (P) (1896);
Bfi. Syn. Anat. p. 129 (Persia) (1869).
Biziuraleucoccpbala,&Afrjr.il/iu.P.-i?.,AnaeroB,p.]l (1866); &i«A,
The$. On. u. p. 467 (1872) ; Crvmmtl. Arch. Nitrl. x. ». 176
(1876) (NetherrandB).
Enmiatora {errorei) leucoceph&la, DtgL St Oerbe, Om. Ear. ii.
p. 066 (1867).
Adult nude. Crowa black ; forehead, sidea of the head, mdn^g
the space above the eye, chin and nape pure white ; below this
white the Deck all rouad is black ; lower neck and breast chestnot*
red, with narrow blackish bars ; back, eoapnlare, aides, and flanks
reddish chestnut, mora or less bofflsh, and finely and irregularly
Termicnlated with blackish ; upper tail-corerts deep chestnut ;
nnderparts, below the breast, reddish bnfTy white ; wings brown-
grey, the wing'COTerts and secondaries finely vermiculated with
boffj white; under wing-oorerta grey, the central ones whitish;
asillariea white ; tail blackish : " bill blue ; iris dark brown : feet
ashy brown, with the webs black" (^Salvadori). Total length
about 185 inches, wing 6-5, tail 4-5, culmen 1-9, tarsus 1*3.
A specimen in the Museum of Turin from Sardinia, afiected by
indpient albinism, is altogether murh paler, has no black round the
neck, except on the nape, and has the whit« moch more extended,
covering entirely the throat.
FemaU. Differs from the male in lacking the clear white on the
head and in being much more rufous, especially on the underparta ;
crown, nape, and cheeks brown-chestnut, with blackish bars ; a
white streak below the eye, from the base of the bill nearly to the
nape; chin, throat, and sides of the neck just near the head
whitish, dotted or streaked with blackish on the sides of the nock ;
upper tail-coverts scarcely deeper chestnut than the remainder of the
upper parts: bill dull plumbeous; iris dark brown; legs plnm-
beons black.
Young male. Very similar in plamage to the old female, only
w^^^
57. raiSKAICKA.
445
. 2 ad. 8k.
J. ^ aa. St.
r... rf9ad.8k.
(. (JjaT.Bk.
«. Jftd.«k.
. tS juv. ak.
itoijonj. [P.].
OdpBM. Dr. Domler [P.].
Persia, Oct Ejton Coll.
(Type of Oxyura unifatciata, Eyton.)
Kiivhij! Steppes. TweeddalB Coll.
Kbelat-i-GhiW, Knndabar, Hume CoU.
ic. (J ftd. ak.
Oct. {Sir 0. St. Jahn).
Peshawar, March.
Brip^dier-Gen. Kin-
loch [P.],
Hume Coll.
Hnma Coll.
Hunie Coll.
■. 2 nd. 8k.
^. <fjUV.Bk.
I. (T juv. »k.
Ludhiana, Oct. {F. Field).
Najafgarh Jhil, Uelhi district,
Jan. ( W. N. Chill).
Jubtikea. Delhi dintnct, Feb.
a', t? juv. ak.
(w.y. chiU).
Delhi diatrict, Oct { W. N.
Hume CuU.
CkiO).
V, (■■. Sterna with Algeria.
ghouldeivgirdlB,
2. EriBm&tnra jamaioensia.
?Tei^\, Bancroft, Hist, of Ouiana,^. IIQ {\7W).
Jamaica Shoveler, Lath. 8yn. iti. 2, p. 613, n. 58 (1785) (descr.
optima).
Anas iamaieenaia, Gm. 8. N. i. 2, p. 519, 0.83 (1788) [e.v Latham) ;
Laih. Ind. Om. ii. p. 867, n. 63 (1730) ; Bonn. Ene. Mith. i. p. 127
(1700) ; ViaU. N. D. v. p. Ift4 (1716) ; Dum. Diet. 5c. Nat. vi.
p. 38-5 (1817); Ord, td. WiU. viii. p. 138, pi. lixi. f. 1 U)
(1924).
Rhjochaspia jsniaiceiiMB, Sttph. Gen. Zool. lii. 2, p. 119 (1824).
Anaa rubida, WiU. Am. Orn. viii. pp. 128. 1.30, pi. 71. ff. 5, fl (1814) ;
Sabine, Frankl. Joum. p. 700 (1823) ; VteiU. Enc. Mith. L p. 359
xHer-
iUT=Ulue-biU}.
F ADa» recurrirostra, VieiU. op. at. p. 107 (1816) (s Anaa janmca,
Lath.).
Rhynchaapis mbida, Stiph. Gm. Zool sii. 2, p. 120 (1824).
Anaa (FuliguU) rubida, Bp. Obi. Nomtnd. WiU. n. 268 (1835).
Fiiligula (OKyura) rubida, Bp. Amu Lyn. N. T. ii. p. 390 (1826) ;
id. Sm. p. 390 (1828).
Fuliguia rubida, Sw. $ Bieh. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 46fi (1831) ; Bp.
/»«, 1832, p, 1188; -lurf, O/ti. .Oi'ojir.ir. p. 826,pl.343(1838) ; i5.
Sipi. p. SS8 (1839); id. B. Am. vi. p. 324, pi. 399 (1843) :
Oiraud, B. Long Id. p. 326 (1844); Zfc Kai/, N. Y. Zool. ii.
p. 327 (1844); Len^. Av. Cab. p. 118 (1860); Wied, J.f. 0.
1869, p. 178.
Cercfluectes ruHda, Waal. /«., 1832, p. 282.
Fuligula (Gymnura) rutocJa, IS'vtt. Man. ii, p, 420 (1834),
Eriamatura rubida, Bp, Camp. Lint, p. 69, n. 397 (18.38) ; But. Man.
^wrf. p. 171 (1838) ; ffort/. ('era. Om.Mw. p. 121 (1844) ; Q.R.
Or. Lut B. Brit. Mus. p. 146 (1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii. p. 627, n. 2
(1844) i Rchnb. Sun. Av., NaUtorea, t. 76. ff. 887-88 (1846) :
Blyth, Cat. B. Mut. A. S. B. p. 308, n. 1707 (1840) ; LiehU
Somatel. Av. p. 103 (I86d) (Mexico) : Bp. Compt. Send, zllii.
p.652, n. 160(l8o6); C'oi. 4- G«»(«. j:/. O. 1867, p. 230lCubal ;
Bairil, S. N. Am. p. 8U (1858) ; td. Cat. JV. Am. B. n. 609
(1869); Brytmt, Pr. Bmt. Soe. Nat. Hut. vii. p. 122 (1869)
iBaliuiiHa) ; Sclat. ^ Salv. Ibu, 1859, pp. 6, 232 (^, Giutemda) ;
SUai. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 39S (Oaxsca) ; Heerm. P. R. R. Rep. z.
pt. Ti. p. 70 (1859) (Califoniia) j fTaiitor.Ibit, 1800, p. 81fi (Hon-
duras); Gimdl. J.f. O. 1861, p. 346 (Cubs); Anonmwu, Ibit,
1862, p. 289 (Maitinica) ; Rom, Canad. Xat. Tii. p. 153 (Slavs
Lake) (1862) ; id. A'at. But. Bee. (2) i. p. 288 (1602) ; Haud. Rep.
1862, p. 176; rerr.Pr.Eu.Intt.m.v- 159(1862); BlakUt.IbU,
1863, p. 150 (Hudson's Buy) ; GtindL Repert. Fiaico-Nat. CWo,
i. p. 390 (186G) i Lawr. Arm. Lye. X. Y. viii. (186C) p. 398
(Long Isl.) (1867) ; Coua, Pr. Et». Iiut. t. p. 201 (1868) ; ^.
Sun. Anat. p. 130 (1869); Steti. U. S. Oeol. Sun. Terr. p. 466 (1S70) ;
6. R. Gr. kmd-lut, iii. p. 90, n, 10721 (1871) ; Couen, Key, p. 205
(1872) ; id. Check-Uet, n. 619 (1873) ; Sciat. 4- Salv. Xontaiel. An.
Neotrop. p. 131 (1873) ; Lawr. Mem. Boa. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 315
(1874) (Mexico) ; Deane, Amer. Nat. viii. p. 433 (1874) (Cape Cod,
Mbm.); Couei, B. N.-Weit, p. 583 (1874); Gmdi.J.f. 0.1874,
p. 814 (Porto Eico), 1876, p. 384 (Cuba) ; Sclal. ^ Salv. P. Z. S.
1876, pp, 403, 411 ; GwuU. AnaL Soc. Eip. Hiu. Nat. vii. p. 407
(1878) (Porto Rico) ; id. J.f. 0. 1878, pp. 162, 191 ; Vinies, Am.
" ■ ■■ ^ il-feathere (1878); Sdat. P. Z. S. 1880,
1 III. p. 189 (1880) ; A. ^ E. Nea:t.
'Saadb. Jam. p. 113 (1881); Rtdyui. Nam. N. Am. B. a. CU
(1881) ; Forbee, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 456 (no bulk OBsea) ; Ootiet,CAfek-
Ud, 2nd ed. p. 117, u. 741 (1882) ; id. Key N. Am. B. 2ud ed.
p. 715, n. 741 (1884) ; B., B., * S. WaUr-B. N. Am. ii. p. 104
(1884); Ourg, Litt B. W. Iiut. p. 31 (1885); Nekrl. J.f. O.
1885, p. 148: Wetlt, List B. Grenada, p. 10 (1886) ; A. O. U.
Check-Tut N. Am. B. p. 134, n. 107 (18gG( ; ZeUdon, An. M,a.
Nac. Rep. Coata Rica, 1887, p. 132 (Cat. Av. Cmta Rica, p. 132,
n.6m,lfi87);Ridgw.Man. N.Am.B.p.lia, 11.187(188"); Cory,
Auk, 1888, p. OS; id^B. H'. Jnrf. p. 2M) {Ifm); FeUd Ibii, 1
67.
447
brawnish black : " bill and edges of the eyelids greyish blue ; uiB
ha^el ; feet doll greyisb blue, webs inclining to dusky" (^Audubon).
Total length Iti inches, n-ing 6, tail 3-75, culmea 1-75, tpJ-suB
112.
Female, Fpper half of tbo head, down to below the eyes, and
upper parts generally dusky greyish brown, minutely freckled and
sometiniea indistinctly barred with greyish buff, more reddish,
almost chestnut, on the head ; cheeks like the top of the head ; a
whitish stripe, freckled with brown, from the base of the bill
almost to the nape ; chin and throat whitish ; neck pale brownish
grey, with narrow whitish bands ; lower parts whitish ; sides and
flunks with broaUish brown bands and narrower ones of a whitish-
butf colour; wings dusky brown, finely mottled with paler; remiges
uniform; tail brown; bill Unfiky. Totul length about IB inches,
wing 5-6, tail 3-75, culmen i*6, tarsus 1-1,
Younff malt. Similar to the female, but cheeks whitish buff, with
no dark streak across, and sometimes only anteriorly tinged with
dasky brown ; under tail-coverts diatinctly white.
Young in down. Above dark smoky brown, darker on head ; a
wfairish spot on each side of the Irark ; below eye, from bill to
occiput, a stripe of brownish white, and beneath this a narrower
one of dusky brown, conSuent with the brown of the nape : beneath
grej-ish white, shading into sooty brown on chest.
ffab. Temperate North America, from Hudson's Bay to Ciuate-
mala, Costa Bica, and West Indies ; according to Itidgway, also
New Granada !
Hudson's Bar Co
[P-i
Porchssed.
Lord Odo RusseU
N. .^mericR Bound-
ary Comm. [P,!.
Saliin-fioduian Coll.
E. S. Cameron, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Howard Saunders,
Eki. I P.l
Salvin-Oodman CoU.
Salviu-Godmau CoU.
Salvin-Godiuan O-'ll.
Salvin-Godman CoIL
Salviu-Oodman CoU.
a. cJad.st.
N. America.
b. PulL St.
N. America.
c. 2ad.sk.
N. America.
i, «. rf 2 ad. et
juT, sk.
/,!>. J ? ad. sk.
Arctic Exp.
48th Parallel.
A. ti ad. sk.
Washington, DC. April.
i. (f ad. sk.
North Dakota, May.
k. rf jUT. Sk.
/. a iA. sk.
Gmod Tower, Illinois, April.
m, B, o. (f S ad.
Kirerdale, Illinois, Mny
«k.
(E. W.NeUoH).
p. d ju¥. ak.
Norf-olk. Virginia Jan. ( W.
Bremiter).
f. Pull. sk.
ArkauMS Kver, Aug. (C. E.
Aikfo).
^. 2 ad. et rf
Corpus Chrislj, Texas, Dee.,
juv. sk.
Jan, (f, B. Armstrong).
B-a: <r 2 ad. sk.
Bcownsrille, Texas, March,
April, Nov. (F. B. Arm-
ilronr,).
San Fnncisco, Cnliibrniii, Oct.
Mexico,
S. d ad. Bk. V&llej of Mexico {Le Strange),
e'. Juv. sk. Affuaa Galieo tea, Mexico, Auf.
(W. B. Skhardtm).
f,S'- (J 2 B^- Bk. Dueiias, Ouatemala, Feb.
(O. So/m).
A'. (} ad. sk. Mount Eagle, Jamaicaj Mav
( W. Oilmm).
{,k'. ? ad. et (J [South Amenca.]
f. Skeleton. No locality.
Iwea, Ek].
H. J. Elwes, Eiq.
Salvin-Oodman ColL
Salrin-Oodman Coll.
SalTin-Oodman Coll.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Old CoU.
Salvin-Qodman Coll.
3. Erismatnra maecoa.
Oxyura maecoa, Smith, Cat. S. Afr. Mut. p. 37, n. 329 (1837) (descr.
nulla) i id. lU. Zool. S. Afr., Avn, pis. 108. 109 (1847).
EriBraatura maecoa, %*. Mm. Anat. p. 169 (1838) { $ ) andian
lilea!): 0. R. Or. UA B. Brit. Mu$. iii. p. 146 (1644^ (South
Amencal) ; «1 Qen. B. iii. p. 627, n. 4 (1844){ Licht Nomntcl.
Av. p. 103 (1854) (S. Africa) ; Las/ard, B. S. Afr. p. 3fi6 (1867) ;
E^t. Sf/n. Av. p. 128 (juv.) (1869); Aj/re*, Ibit, 1809, p. 302
(Tranavaal) ; f?urn. ia Anihru. S. Damara Land, p. 344 (1872)
(Oiango River) ; Skarpe, Lavarit B. S. Afr. p. 762 (1884) ;
Salvad. Am. Mui. Civ. Oen. (2) i. p. 249 (I8t4) (Shoa) ; Gigl.
ibid. vi. p. 60 (1880) (Shoa) ; Salead. ibid. p. 325 (1880) (Shoa) ;
B^nw. rSg. DeuUch-Oit-Afr. p. 26 (Kihaya, MassM).
OiTun (Eriamatura) maecoa, E}ft. Man. Anat., list of plates, pi. S4.
1 1 (1838).
Erismatura leucocephala africana, Schnb. Syn. Av., Natatores, t. 76.
i. 809 (184.')).
South Abica.
. ERisMATcn*. 449
Some specimona, perhaps not very old, have the median wing-
coverts edged with chestnut and the under ttul-coverts llagod with
reddish {Mm. Turin).
Female. Similar to those of B. ruhida and B. vitlala, but is
easily distinguished by the much broader bill (1 inch in the
broadest part), and in havin<; the upper parts with broader freckled
band^ of a brighter buff colour ; from the female of E. vUlaUt it
differs also in lacking the distinct wh.ite under tail-covorts.
Afate in, inoalting drttt. Intermediate between the adult female
and the adult male, having the head nearly black with many whitish
feathers on the sides ; throat whitish, with many black feathers ;
feathers of the bock dusky, finely freckled with chestnut, the edges
chcatnul; a chestnut tinge on the edges of the feathere of ihu
tliruat and of the flanks : rest of the uuderparts, wings, and tail as
ill the female ; only the wings show a slight chestnut tinge on the
edges of the median wing-coverts (.Vwt. Turin).
Hah. South A&ica, North to Orange Uiver on the West, to Shoa
on the East.
Sir A. Smith [P.],
(Types of the species.)
4. Eriamatnra ferruginea.
Eri«mfttnm ferrufrioea, Eyt. Moh. Ami. p. 170 (Chili P) {183-*) ;
a. IL Gr. LUt B. Brit. .Wi»- iii. p. 14R (ISU) : O. R. Or. ^
Miteh. 0<m. H. iii. p. 627. n, 3, pi. lOSI (1«U) ; BfkiA. %«. Av.,
Natalnroa, t. 78. f. 8»8 (1815) (ex Gr. ^ Mitch.); &lat. -t Hah.
P. Z. 8. 186^, p. 177 (3. Peru), p. 570 (W. Peru); £y. Sgv.
A»at. p. 129 (1809); Or. R. «c. tfand-Zirf, Hi. p. 90, n. lU7:i2
(part.) Jli^~ll ; Taa. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 564 (agm. Pmu) ; Sclat.
P. Z. S. 1>W0, p. 5.30 (part.) ; ? Satv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 42S ; Tiic^
Om. iVc. iii. p. 484 (18*!); Rid'jio. Man. N.Am. B. p. Ur(
(part.) (1887).
Similar to B. viilata, bat with a muoh broader and lai^cr hill.
Tbu adult maU has the chestnut oolonr of the breast much
deeper, a white K|»t on the chin, ranch darker brown undcrparts,
and the under tuil-coverta chcslnut ; " hill bluish lead, lower
mo ndible yellow ; feet hrown, with the webs darker; iridoa brown "
{Tofianowttcy). Total length about 17 inufaes, wing 0, toil 3,
culmoQ 1-7, broiidest part of the bill 0-86. birsua 1-39.
The ndult female is easily distingaished by banng the cheeks
brown, with no whitish band under the eyes; there is only a whitish
indistinct spit on the cheeks near the haae of the bill.
Hub. lluUvia and Peru.
a,b. cf S nd. St. Chili ?
e,d,*.J^(A. et Lake Tittcaca, Pvru <
ci juT. sk. %'eitch).
/. {J ad. sk. Vicinity of Iiiraa,
(Nation).
•J. i ad. sk. Lajruna de Tambo,
(//. Whitelg).
SOU XXVII.
O.Crawli-v.Esq.il*.].
(Typos of llie speoien,)
MfUTS. SiilTin-OiMlman ColL
Peru Sill vin-God man ColL
450 ISATID-K.
5. EriBmatnia tsqaatorialls.
Very similar to B. frrnyinea, but Bomen'hat smaller, and the
male has tiut chestnut colour of the upper parts and breast brighter
and the under tail-covorts white, instead of chestnut.
The femalf, similar to that of E. ftmi/jiaea, has no whitish band
under the eyes.
Hah. Ecuador.
a. d ad. ak. Antisana, Ecuad^.r (C. Burklfy). SalTin-Godraan Coll. I
h. $ ad. Hk. Sical, Ecuador ( VUUujomei), Salvin-Godmao Coll. [
(Types of the species.)
ii. ErismatnTa Tittata.
Erismatum terruginea, Bridgft (nee Entoji), P. Z. S. 1843, ]
119
(Lakeuf QuiDtero,Cbili){ Hartl. Vtrz. Ge*. Mw,. ^. \2\ ilSii) ;
Dti Mwt in Gaff, Hut. Hat. Chile, i. p. 468 (Centr. Chili) (1848) ;
G. S. Gr. Gen. B., App. p. 28 (1849) ; HaHt. Kanmannia, 1863,
p. 222, n. 171? i Bibra, Z>oifoeAr. Ak. Wirn, v. p. -204 (1853) ; id.
^ '. O. 1856, p. 67 : Bp. Compt. Bfud. xUii. p, 652. - ""
1861, p. 2fl4 (Belgium !) ; Beh.. Rrite Aovara, log. p. 139 (1866)
(Chili) ; ScM. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 336,340 (Chili) ; Phil, ij- Lmdb.
Orf.^r. CTi7.p.43(186fi); G.R.Gr. fl^mKf-JfX.iii. p. 00,n. 10722
(part.) (1871); Burm. P. Z. S. 1871', p. 368 (Argentine); Sclat.
P.Z.S. 1872, p. 649 (Rio Neftro, Patapinia); Sclat. ^ Sale.
Nometid. Av. Neotrop. p. 131 (1873); Jhin^f. Ibit, 1876, p. 1«3
(BuenoH Avres); Sdat. ^ Sale. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 404; thimf.
Ibit, 1871, p. 42 (Cbuput), p. 102 (Buenos Arres), 1878. p. 401
(Central Pata(i:onia) ; Slat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 630 (part.) : B.. B.,
^ S. Water-B. H. Am. ii. p. 104 (1884) ; Berl. J. f. 0. 1887,
p. 133 (ParaguftvP): Jtidqa. Man. A'. Am. B. p. 113 (part.)
(1887) ; Phili/'p,-' Oniif, iv. p. llJO l.\9i^b) (Anlofagaslnl ; Barm.
An. Mv». Xa^. B»,m. Air. iii. p. 248 (ratnj;. eept.) |1888) ;
r
57. BRIRMATUBA. 451
Uaok ; iris dark red ** {Burmeister). Total length about 17*5 inches,
wing 5-75, tail 3*5, colmen 1*65, broadest part of the bill 0*8,
tannia 1*2.
RmaU* AboTO brown, irregularly and indistinctlj barred with
buff ; upper part of the head almost uniform brown ; cheeks dark
brown with paler dottings ; a buffish-white stripe under the eyes
from the base of the bill to the occiput ; throat whitish ; under-
parts sUvery whitish at the tip of the feathers, but the bases of the
fisathers brown, showing through more or less ; flanks brown, with
broadish white-buff bands ; under tail-coverts conspicaously white ;
wings dusky brown, freckled with buff on the median wing-coverts ;
under wing-coverts and axillaries greyish brown edged with white ;
tail brown.
Young. Similar to the female.
Male in moulting dress, Similar to the female, but the upper part
of the head barred with chestnut-brown ; many chestnut feathers
among the brown ones of the upper parts, and some also on the
flanks {Mus. Turin),
Hah, Southern America, from Chili to Uruguay, Argentine, and
Patagonia.
a, (S ad. sk. No locality. Eyton Coll.
h. ($ ad. sk. ? Cliili ( Capt. Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, (S juv. sk. Tarapacdy Chili. H. Berkeley James,
Esq. [P.].
dfS. c? 5 ad. sk. Prov. Santiago, Chili (Leyboicl). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/-L S 5 ad. et Central Chili. H. Berkelev James,
cJ juv. sk. Esq. [P.].
w^-r, cJ 2 ad., S Rio Pilmwquen, Chili, Feb., H. Berkeley James,
imm.^etjuv. sk. March. Esq. [P.j.
s. S imm. sk. The Market, Monte Video, H. Dumford, Esq.
April. [P.].
<, ti. $ ad. sk. S. Amerioft. Eyton Coll.
7. Erismatura australis.
Oxvura australis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 8o (Australia) ; id. Syn. B,
Atistr. pi. — (head d 2 ) (1837).
Erismatura australis, Eyt. Man. Anaf. p. 172 (18:38); G. JR. Gr.
List B. Brit. Mm. iii. p. 146 (1844) ; id. Gen. B. iii. p. 627, n. 5
p. 870 (1865) ; Eyt. Syn. Anat. p. 131 (1860) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-
list, iii. p. IK), n. 10720 (1871) ; Rams. /V. Linn. Sac. N. S. W. i.
pp. 190, 220 (1876) (Melhoume), ii. p. 200, n. 6a3 (1878) (Vic-
toria, S. and W. Australia) : Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 530 ; Ram^
say, Tab. List, p. 22, n. 675 (1888) ; TrUtr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 47
(1889) ; North, Descr. Cat. Nests and Eygs B. Austr. p. 346 (1889) ;
K, H, Bennett, Ibis, 1891, pp. 148-145 ; North, Rec, Austr. Mu$.
iL p. 87 (1892) (Tasmania).
Bixiura australis, iS^rA/f^. ^l/ttf. P.^B., Anseres, p. 11 (1866); Oie^.
Tkes. Om. i. p. 467 (syn. emend.) (1872).
Oxyura (Erismatura) australis, Eyt. Suppl, to Osteof. Av. pi. 16 ( $ *
il[eleton)(1869).
2e2
4S2 AKATID^.
Adult jnaU. Head, throat, and neck black ; breast, back, and
. flanks rich chestnut ; rump browniah black, freckled or barred with
irregular pale reddish linea ; upper tail-coverts tinged with chest-
nut; belly and under tail-coverts brown, with the tips of the
feathers ^ver^ rufous-white; winp and tail dark browu; apper
winj^coverts and secondaries sprinkled with paler points ; under
wing-coverta and azillaries grey, edged with white : " irides very
dark brown ; bill light blue; front and inner side of the tarsi and
toes French-i^j, outside of the tarsi and webs blackish grey "
■(OokM). Total length about 16 inches, wing €-2, tail 2-(), culiiicn
1*6, tarsus 1-25.
Female. Brown; upper parts darker, marked with zigzag lines
and freckles of a pale buff-rufous colour ; lighter and more grvyish
brown on the under sur&oe, where the feathers hare silfory
ycUowiah tips : " bill dark oliTe-greeu, the under mandible lighter
than the upper ; irides, lega, and feet aa in the male " (^Qould). bize
about the same as that of the male.
Hab. Southern and Western Australia and Tasmania.
d, 6, cj' $ ad. St. W. Australia. Purchaspd.
e,d. J $ ad. St. New South Wales. Aualralisn Museum [I'.].
t. cf inim. sk. Australia. Salvin-Godmon Coll.
58. SIZIUKA*.
Ttp*.
fiiiiura, LeaeA, M8. ; Sleph. Gat. Zool jji. 2, p. 221
(1824) B. l„bata.
HTdrobates, Tenim. I'l. Col 400 (livr. 68, 1820) (nee
'Boie, 1822) B. lobata.
Range. Confined to Australia.
1. Biziiira lobata.
58. nixiruA.
433
p. 308, n. 1795 (1849); Jichnb. Av. «»«(. .Vfl(. p. vii, tnb. Tii.
(I852J; Lichl. Nomencl. Av. p. 103 (fri54); Bp. Compt. Rend.
xliii. p. 662, n. 155 (1856); Pets. lUke Nomra, Fw. p. 139
{im5)iOould. Handb. n. Au»t>: u. p. .'181 (1865); SchUg. Mut.
F.~B., Aiweres, p. 7 (18661; Ramt. Ibit, 1867. p. 413, pi. viii.
t 1 (^g)i Mall. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 280 (. Melbourne J ; £i/t.
Sj/n. AnaL p. \iii (1300): id. Su/ipl, to OsUul. An. pi. —
(cf 5) (1869); O. n. Or. Jfnnd-lut, iu. p. 90, n. 10716 (1871);
Gieb. Tha. Ont. i. p. 467 (1872); Siutden. MttH. nat. Aa.
disp. Tmt. p. 150 (1872) ; Diggl. B. Austr. ii. pi. 117 (1877) ;
Samt.Pr. Liim. Soc. N. S. W. i. pp. 196, 210, 219 (1877), ii.
p. 300, ii.0«i4 (ISrSt; ScUit. P.Z.8. 1880, pp. 539. sys, 1882,
p. 311 (Zool. Gard.) ; Forbeit, P. Z. 8. 1882, pp. 45n-458 (an«i-
tomy); Salt. Cat. B. StncM. CaU. p. 540 (1882); Saand. Ibu,
1883, p. 351 ; Sflat. ZW Vert. An. 8lh ed. p. 442 (1883) ; Legge,
Pr. S. Soc. Tajsm. 1886, p, 245 (Twmuiia) (1887) ; Rami. Tab.
LiH, p. 22, n. 675 (1888); Triitr. Cat. CWt A p. 40 (1889);
North, Dtter. Cat. tfeal* and Eggt B, Atatr. p. 346 (1689); K.
H. Bennett, Ibu, 189t. p. 145 ; llmlert, Kat. VoffeUammi. p. 233
(1891) ; SAar/f, Cat. OOfot. ^«tim. R. C. S. iii. p. 309 (1891).
Bbean lobate, Es/f. Ami. ^ Mag. N. H. vii. p. 177 (1641).
liiisroatura lobftta, SchUg. De Dierent. p. 375 (186i).
EriamaturB (Biiiiira) lubnta. Re/inas. Ont. CentmlU. 1883, p. 4 ; id.
Fog. sool. Giirt. p. 44 (1883).
AdiiU ntale. Upper part o£ the head and nape bron'oisb black,
sprinkled with fine [loiuts of a lighter colour, scarcely visiblo :
remaiodcr of the upper surface, chest, and Hanks blackish brown,
cnwsed by numerous narrow freckled bars of bulfy white, in wme
spocimiins almost obsolete ; sides of tbe head and neck lighter, the
pale and blackidh bars broader; uoderparts buffy white at the tip
of the feathers ; under tail-coverta dark brown, crossed with bnffy'
white banda at the tip of tho feathers ; quills and tail-feathers
blackish brown ; irides dark brown : " bill and large lobe beneath
the chin greenish black ; legs and Feet dark leaden grey ; inside of
the tarsi greenish grey " ( Gou7(i), Total Ifingth about 20 iuohes,
wing 9-25, tail 6, eulmen 1-7, tarsus 1-55.
Female. Similar to the male in colour, but much smaller, and
alio the lobe beneath tho chin much smaller. Total length about
23 inches, wing 7*5, eulmen 1-4.
Mr. Gould SBj-s that the fcraatc is sometimes destitute of the
lobe benoath the chin ; but I think that he was mistaken, an every
Kliecimen in the collection, even the young in down, is furnished
with the lobe.
Young in down. Upper piirts, head, neck, upper part of the
breast-, sides and flanks uniform dark brown, scarcely lighter round
the fiice, at the base of the bill ; lower breasi, abdomen, and
under tiitl-coverts whitish.
Hab. Australia, except the northern ]>Brt, and Tasmania.
«. .^ ad ek.
.\ustralia.
Ooiild Cll.
h. .\A. sk.
Aunralia.
Purcliased.
r. d. .\a. sk.
Anslhilia.
Sal viii-Uoanmn Coll.
«. 2 ad. sk.
Auslmlia.
Impend liutitute [f.
454
/-<■. c
i*^-
l,m. t} S ad. sk.
tt. $ ad. Bk.
o,p. rf 2 ad. at.
f. 9 ad. Bk.
ANATIDS.
S. Aiwtralut.
Ijawrearc River
(Irvinff).
New South Wales.
Xpw .South Walej..
TaBinania.
TB>mnjiiii.
C. D. E Foitniim, Eiq.
Salvin-r.odman Coll.
.^usti'alinn Mueeum[P.].
Hume Coll.
Vilt.irifln Museum [P."!.
(iould Toll,
Subfamily X. MERGANE'II'IN/E.
Kfi/ to Ike Genera.
a. Upper mandible with pruminent lamellte u[i
tha edged; eil(!es ot the upper mandible
bent inwarda towards the lip; tail-feathera
modL-ratulv broad.
a'. Edges of the upper mandible at tb*^ tip [p. 454.
not soft ; wiogB witli a distinct speculum. 59. Salvavobina,
A'. Edffee of the upper muidibk at the lip [p. 455.
soft ) no wing-speculum 00. IlYURNOL^uva,
t. Upperm audible with nopromiueut lamellR;
edges of tha upper mandible not bout
inwards towards ttie tip; tail -feathers
■tiffand wilhvi
webs 01. Mkhoanktta,
SalTadorina, Ji»/tA»rk. ^ Uarlert, X<
(1894)
:>!•. SALTADOEINA.
Zool. i. p. tid3
Tjpe.
S. waigiuen«ia.
Rawje. Confined to ^Vaigiou.
455
incliea, wing 7'-^, tail 4-8, outer tail-feathere 3'2, oulmen 1-4, tarsus
1-5. iBoihschUd Con.)
It eeems to mo that this extremely singular bird, which Messrs.
BothschUd and Hartert hsre done me the hononr of naming after
nae, has its nearest ftlly in IlymeTioItemut ; and for the present I
think they nrnst both find their place near Aftrffanflla, although
it is qnite ptissible that tboy btlong to a distinct subfamily. The
species of the genera Hymenolamat and Meryamtta arc all monntain-
stream Ducks, and I believ-e it will aliio be found that Salvadorina
has the same habits.
Bah. Waigiou.
60. HYMEHOLffiMTTS. ^
Mnlscorhvnchus, Wagl. {nee Sa.) hit. I83S,
p. l&JfJ n. maliicorhyochus.
HymenolairauB, G. R. Gr. Ann. ^ M<y. S. H.
xi. p. 370 (1843} H. malacorhynchus.
HyraeooUeiniw, Ayau. Sam. ZooL, Ind. Univ.
p. 190 (1846).
Range. Confined to the New Zfalandian sobiegion.
1. HTineDolsemas malacorliyiichos.
Blue-grey Diick with a noft bill, Cook, V-y. i. pp. 72, B7 ; Forat. Foy.
i. p. 157 (1777).
Soft-bilied Dock, Lath. S<pi. iii. 2, p. 622, n. 67 (1785),
Anna malocorhTnchos, Gm. S. A', i. 2, p. 5-M, n. 59 ', 178S) ; TmI^. Ind.
Ont. ii. p, 862, n. 76 (1790) ; Bon-i. -E'ic. Milk. i. p. 12 (1790) ;
rUill. A'. IJ. V. p. 119 (IrilO); Dam. Diet. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 397
{1817ji Bllnuin, Xmloff. 1861, p. 7471.
RhyDcbaspix maJarorhynchofl, StrjA.Gm. Zool. lii, 3, p. 123 (1824).
Midiicorhvuchug furaterorum, Wagl. leia, 183:i, p. 1335; O. R. Gr.
m Dieff. Trav. ii. App. p. 198 (1843).
Malaeorhynchuj inembmiacHua, faTl.,Eyt. Man. Anal. p. 136(1838).
Hymeuolniuius ninlacorbyocbua, G. It. Or. Ann. 4* Mim, jV. S. xi.
p. 370 (1843); id. Lut B. BrU. Afw iii. p. 142 (1844); id. if
Mitek. Gm. B. iii. p. 623, pi. 168 (18M); ft^n*. ^. Av.,
Natalorec, t. 77. f. 893 (1845) (er Gray ^ Miteh.); id. Av.
Stftt. Nat. p. viii (1853); G. R. Or. Ibis, 1862, p. 241 (syn.
emend.) ; lUdor, Neic Z»at. Exh. p. 377 (Otago) (laii6j ; Hnail,
J. f. O. 1868, p. 344; ffutton, Ibis, 1870, p. .198 (Auckland) ;
FintcA, J.f. O. 1870, p. 358; PotU, Tr. N. Z. Intt. ii. 1869,
p. 73 (1870), iii, 1870, p. 103 (1871) ; HhU. Cat. B. N. Zeal. p. 37
(1871) ; Firm:/!, J.f. 0. 1872, p. 187 ; fraoen, Tr. N. Z. Inst. iv.
i871,pp. 206, 308 '(1672); Fikx^h, J.f. O. 1874, p. 202.
Anas malHcorhyuchB, Font. Icon. toed. I. 74 ; id. Ducr.
Ud.
£icU.)p.94(1844); Gi^. Tket. Om.i, p. 356 (1872) (pvn. emend.).
Bjiuenolnmua nialacorhvncbus, Bp. Comiit. Bai'l. xliii. p. U51,
n. 153 (18.56); Layard, IbU. 1863, p. ^40 ^^apier. E. coast);
Smd. MM. mit. Ap. di»p. Teat. p. 148 (1872); Suiter, Iliit. B.
2/eK Zeal. p. 262, pi. - (1878) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 463 (Zool.
Gard.), 1880, p. 5^ ; BuUer, Mm. B. A'eip Zeal. p. / 1, pL j"i
"■ ' " " (Alp' - -'
I (Zoo). Oard.); Bulkr.Sid.
li. 1888, p. m (1889); B«H. Tr. N. Z.
ln$l. xxiv. 1801, p. 86 (fledgling and joung) (1892), xxt. 1692,
p. 82 (1893).
HjmeiiolBimue malscorlivDchoa, O. S. Gr. Himd^ut, JiL p. 8S,
n. 10702 (1871).
FulignU (HTmenolsmos) malacorhvDcLa, Rchnw. Om. CtntraM.
1862, p. 6'; id. Voj,. zool. Gart. p. 47 (1882).
Adtdt male. General plnniage Icod-bloc ; the crovn of tho head
and nape vith an olive wash, very faint od the rest of the upper
parts, tho anterior part of the head darker than the rest; breast
thickly spotted with chestiint ; no speculnm on wing ; secondaries
with a narrow whit« band at the tip ; tcrtials edged with black oa
the onter web : " irideH bright yellow ; bill white horn-colour, the
tip and the lateral membrano black ; legs and feet dark brown "
(BuUer), Total length about 19 inches, wing 9*5, tail 4-3, colmen
1-66, tarsus 1-95.
Female. " Slightly smaller than the male, bnt similar in plumage,
excepting that there is little or no olive tinge on the head and upper
enrface, less chestnut on the breast, while there ore cbeBtnot spots
on the under tail-coverts,"
Young. " General plumage lighter, and the anderparts whitish ;
the green gloss which pervades the plumage of the upper parts in
the adult almost entirely absent ; hind head and nape dull cinereons
brown ; breast obscnrely spotted with dosky and brown, sometimes
barred with chestnut at the insertion of tho wings ; under tail-corerts
dull rufous-brown " {BuUtr).
Fledgling. " The colours are those of the adnlt, but paler. Tho
long, soft, white down is still present on the throat and lower side
of the cheeks, whilst broken or irregular lines of the same proceed
from the frontal base and from the sides of the upper mandible, and
ni. JIEGGII
467
L
AJ. sk. Now ZeRland. Capt Sir G. GreT [P.]-
d «d. ak, Duskv Buy, New Zealiiud, Capt. Stokca [P. J.
Feb. (Zir. Lyall).
a. r! iul- fi iium. E^liutoD River, S. IbIsikI, Colonial Museum [P.].
ak. N". Zi'iiland, Feb.
, Slii;letou. OMgu, New Zealnnd. OlaBO Miueum [P.].
(il. KEEGANETTA. ^^^^
Mwfffttietts, OouAf, P. Z. .V. 18 U. J). OS M. .irninU.
Rliphipl«ru3, firty, AfJas ih- hi Hist. JU, y pobl. de Chile,
pi. — (18^4, ifiile JJes Mum. Icon. Orn., ijfWe Merga-
tiettn, p. 2, li|i43) M. arnitttn.
Illlnphinterus, lies Mim in (iaii, Ilitt. de Chile, Zml, 1.
p. VA (1648).
Ritvgc. Confined to the Andes.
Key to the Sjiecif*.
. Lower fUTts not uiiiSnTii ciimauion or reddish
fulvuus. {Males.)
<i. Anterior port of the che«ka below thceyesand
Ihront black, like the bn-nat.
a".* White of the auperciliiuT atriim Boimrnted
by a vertical blnek band from the trinng^liir
white patch before the eyes fttenaia, p. 458.
i". White nf the superciliary stripe eontiimona
with the white of the triungiilur pntch
befiire the eyes armata, p. 4.W.
tt. Checks and throat white.
c". Breast and flanks blai'k ; fentbeiB of the
back edge<l with nifouH-brown tiiriieri, p. 4tlO.
it'. Breast and flanks net black, but nliitish,
the feathers with dusky tnesini spots or
a'". Feathers of the back and scapulars edg^
with greyish while, lower pnrts tiugped
with pale reddish parlrppi, p. 400.
i'". Feathers of the hack and acapulnrs edged
with olive-brown.
ij'. Uri>und-colour of breast nud abdomen
whitish with a sliji'bt rusty tiu^ .... leucoffeat/s, p. 4til.
li'. Qrouud-colour of breast and abdoiueu
white columliiana, p. 4(12.
. Lower parte unifarm ciunaiuon or reddish fulvous.
(Frmaks).
e'. Hind part of the cheeks and sides of the neck
undolnted with grey and htiick narrow bands.
e". Uuderparts of a deep cinnamon colour.
c'". Under wiog^OTerts uniform lead-grey . . aiimila, p. 4.58,
J", Under wing-coverta lead^rev, undu-
lated with whitish {Tacxrmuwtki) leucoi/eTnja, p. 461.
f, Undorparts of a cinaanion colour, lighter
than in the female of M: armata lumeri, p. 400.
(T. Hind port of the checks and sides of the neck
like the whole of the imderports, uniform ful-
vous columiiiina, p. 1132.
1
45S iN.lTID*.
1. Merganetta flnenata, ep. n. (Plate V.)
Aduh maU. Similar to the male of M. armata, but dilfera in
having a black band orer and before the ejes joining the black of
the pileum, bo that on the lores, anteriorly, there iu a triangular
white patch completely eeparatcd from the white saperciliary stripe ;
the lower parte are of a paler reddish than in M. armata, and the
fathers with broader mesial black stripes ; lower abdomen and
nnder tail-coverts blacker. Total length about 18 inches, wing 7,
tail 4-4, culmen 1*2, tarsus 1-(S.
Female. Unknown.
HfA. Chili, but the exact locality unknonn.
Centra! Chili.
H. Berkeley James, Esq. [l'.~
(Type of the species.)
2. Herganetta armata^
Anas P, Bridget, P. Z. S 1841, p. 95 (Andes of Chili).
MeiKaaetta armsta, Gould, P. Z. S. 1«4I, p. Hfi (Andes of Chili) ;
Fraier, F. Z. S. 1843, p. 119 ; G. R. Gr. Ua B. Brit. Mut. iii.
p. 148 (1844); Gray ^ Mitch. Otn. B. iii. p. 628, pi. 170 (rf)
(1844) ; Echnb. Syn. At., Natatores. t. 78. f. 897 (1845) (er Gr. *
Mitch.); ZJi;»;Vur»,/cw». Om.pl. 48(5, Chili){184r); G.R.Gt.
Gm. B., App. p. 28 (part.) (1849); Schnh. Sun. Ac, Natalores,
t. 79. ff. a223-24 (1860); id. Av. ^st. Nat. -p. in, Uib. yl. (1852) ;
Hartl. Naumannia, 1863, p. 2^2 ; Bibra, Denkechr. Akad. Wien,
T. p. 132 (1853); Utht. Somencl. Ac. p. lat (1854); Bibra,
J.f. O. 1855, p- 57; Bp. Compt. Rmd. xliii. p. 652, n. IM (1856) ;
Com. U.S. Aitron. Exped. ii. p. 204 (1866) : Sdat. P. Z. S. 1867.
p. 340 ; Sclat. ^ Salv. Exot. Om. p. 200 (1869) ; Bft. &/». Anat.
p. 140 (part.) (1869); G. R. Gr. Jfand-litt, iii. p. 00, r. 107i'5
(1871) ; Sclat. * Salv. Nomend. Av. Ntatrop. p. 131 (U" "
fil. J
and broadly edged with while
of a lead-colour ; upper tail-co
and whitish ; breuet aiid nbdoi
the middle of the feathers ; sio
more or loan with lufous ; und<
or lew with rufous and gri:
1 both webs : tower bai:k and rump
erts minuttly banded with blackish
en rufouij, with black streaks along
s aud flanks blackitih, finely dotted
■ tail-coverts blackish, stained more
; wing-coverts bluish lead-eolour ;
Bpecolum on the secoodariea glossy green ; two white bands aoross
the wings, one at the tip of the greater coverts, the other at the tip
of the secondaries ; primaries brown ; tertlals of a bluish lead-
colour; under wing-coverls and axillaries greyish; tail-feathers
greyish brown, with the shafts whitish above, pure white below:
bill yellow ; feet reddish ; " iride castanea " (Muteo Chilciio). Total
length about 17 iuches,wing 7-2b, tail 5':^o. cnlmen I'4, tarsus 1-tt.
Femalt. Upper part of tlie bead and middle of the nape of a lead-
colour ; posterior half of the cheeks and sides of the neck with
narrow black and grey bandi ; anterior port of the cheeks, throat,
breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverte of a bright cinnamon-
oolonr 1 feathers of the back and scapulars black along the middle,
edgexl with grey on both webs ; lower back, rump, upper tail-
oovorts, wings, and tail as in the male. In uize somewhat less than
the male.
Young male. Upper parts almost the same bs iu the females, but
the upper part of the head of a dull brown-grey ; on the head many
black feathers, showing the transition from youth to adult stage ;
lower parts white ; sides barred with white and blackish brown ;
« few cinnamon feathers on the abdomtn and uniJer tail-coverts,
showiug that young mules also pass through the female plumage.
Voang in doii'it. Upper parts pule brown, nnderparts white ;
tides of the bead white, with a brown band from behind the eye to
the occiput; a white patch on the iuten!capular region ; two white
bands from the scapular region along the sides of the back and
ramp to the sides of the base of the tail; wiogs pale brown,
broadly edged withwhito on the posterior edge; tail-feathers much
developed, whitish, freckled witli brown, and with a subapical brown
band and a white one at the tip {Mut, Turin).
Bab. Bivers of the Chilian Andes.
o. (J juv. sk. ChUi. Old CoU.
ft. c. rT 9 Bd. M. Chili. T. Bridgpj, Esq. [C.].
(Tvn«s of the npecies.)
■(■.Bridges. E>q. [C.].
PuTchnacd.
H. Berkeley Jamea,
E«,.[P.l.
I- Sftlvin-CodiDHn CoU.
J, t (J 9 nd. 8
/,y. 9 imui. e
ct juv. St.
*-*. d 5 »<1. e
6 juv. sk.
Colchagua, Chili, Juoe | WtUi
Aaupf).
Chilian Andes (K C. Stxd).
Andes (of Chili P) {Bridga).
3. Kerganetta tnmeri.
Merganetta lencogenjB, Selat. ^ Sals, (we TmA.) P. Z. S. 1809,
p. 167 (S. Fara, Tbta, Eivers of the Cuican Andes).
Jierganetto tunieri, &W. ^ Sah. P. X. S. 1860, p. 000 ; itit Exol.
O™. p. 109, 1. 100(1860); G.R.Gr. Hand'lut,m.\i.9l, D.lOim
(1871) ; Selat. ^ Sale. Xome>.cL Ac. Nrotrop. p. 131 (1873); ii-I.
P. Z. 8. 1874, p. 679 : iid. P. Z. S. 187B, p. 407 ; Selat. P. Z. S.
1880, p. &32; Taez. Om. Ffr. iii. p. 488 (1886).
Biiium tumeri, GM. Thet. On. i. p. 4fi8 (1873).
Rhapbipterug tameri, Bckiae. Om. Ventralbl. 1682, p. 3.
Adult malt. Neck and sides of the head white ; pileam Macb, the
black continued in a block nochal band ; a narrow band surrounding
the bill, a spot before the flyes, and a band from the eyoe alon;;: the
Bides of the neck black ; a broad superciliary band extending on both
sides of the back of the neck white; lower part of the neck, nppcr
breast, and flanks black ; feathers of the back and scapulars bl^ck,
edged on both sides wiih rufous-brown ; rump lead-colour, sides of
the rump and upper tail-coverts undulated with narrow black and
white-grey lines ; lower breast and abdomen dark reddish grey, the
feathers with broad mesial black streaks ; vent and under tail-
coverts almost entirely black, only some feathers partly undnlatod
with black and grey lines ; wings exactly as in M. armala ; tiul
brown, with the shaft paler above, white underneath. Total length
about 17 inchea, wing 7*4 (not 6-4 as stated in tho original de-
Boription), tail 5, culmen 1-2, tarsus 1'6.
Female. Similar to the female of M. armala, only tho cinnamon-
colour of the nnderparts paler.
Hab, Andes of Southern Pern.
a. a sd. sk. Tiiiln, S. Pei
CI. MEBOiSETTA.
461
broMlor than in tho alliixl species. ToUl length about 17 inohos,
w'lun 7. tail 4-75, culmen 1-Uti, tarsua 1-6 {Mttt. Berlqaeh).
Ftmale. Unknown.
Iliih. Bolivia and Tucuntan.
i. J nd. ak,
No locnlity.
5. Herganetta leacogenjB.
Ana*l,iLic..-uni» !««■), Tsrii. WUvm. A>>-k. 184:1,
Peru); OUb. The^. Oni. i. p. 3.»3 (18r:>).
Eriainatura loucoTenvB, Tick. Witujm. Arch,
n. 348.
1344, .
316,
«,pp. 6i, an
(1840); .BcAnA. %i. Av., Natatorus, t. 79. f. 2325 (1850) (b,v
fffiAuifi) ; Bp. Compt. R-nd. xliii. p. 052, n. IGo (port.) (1856) ;
Sclal. ^ Sale. P. Z. S. 18(IU, p. (Wl (part.) j luf. A'oi. 0/ti. p. 300
(part.) (1889) i O. S. Or. fffind-litt, lii. p. 91, n. 10727 (part.)
(1871); Sclat. j- Sale. A'omenct. Ae, NeUrap. p. 131 (part.)
(1873); ? Tura. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 554 (Marayoioc, Ceotr. Pbiti);
fSdat. ^ Sola. ibid. pp. 878, 679 (Upper Aodea); iid. P. Z. 8.
1870, p. 40j (pitrt) ; P T"*^. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 243 lTumbe», N.
P«ra) i Sclat. P. Z. & 1880, p. 5;il (part.) ; Tota. Oj-a. P^c iii.
p. 480 (18*!).
Muiipuietta nrmatii, part., G. -K. ffr. Gen. P., App. p. 28 (184(1).
Uziiua armalA. part., &U^. ilui. P.-B., Anaetes, p. ll' (18G6);
Oieb. The: Ora. \. p 467 (part.) (1872).
P Merniuiutta nriualA, fern., Eijt. Syrt. Anat. p. 140 (1869),
Rhaphipterus leucogenya, part,, Echnic. Orn. CenlraUil. 1882, p. 3
(N. P«rii).
Adult male (type). Similar to .V. eoliimbiana, but the brown
culour o( the edges of the feathers of the manlle and scapulars n
shade darker; a. ring of blauk feathers round the neck eliarply
dofince the white of the ujiper part of the neek : bri'aat, abdomen,
and onder tail-covorls whitish with a slight rusty tinge. Siiw of
Jf. eoluinbiana,
FemaU. I have not seen a bird of this sex which I could surely
ottriliutfl to M. Itufogenys; a femaU from Uaraynioc (if really
belonging to M, Itvcoijeni/s) is described by Taczanowski as haviog
the flidcB of the neck aad the posterior part of the head Rrey finely
Tsrmiculated with blaek, and in this respetl differs from the female
of M. i-olumbiana, and resembles M. arwata and M. tvnuH, but
it differs from them in having the marginal under wing-covcrta
nndulaled with whitish.
Young in dfnvn from Tumbei, Northern Peru. " White, upper
port of tho head, a postocular stripe, a hand on the hind neck
extended to llie back, nings, and a broad baud on each side of the
bock brovn ; tail-fuaihers long, stiff, and with the bai-ht* rant "
(Jaczafuy^-A-i).
This Bjiccies is wanting in the British Musoum, but, thanks to
frof, Paul Godct, Director of the Museum of Neuchatel, I hare
462
been able to examine Ihe type, which he has kindly sent to me in
London for inapection and comparison.
Specimens from different localities in Northern Peni requira
comparison.
Hab. Andes of Peru, on the sourceo of the Aj-namayo {Ttehadi).
6. Hei^snetta colnmbiana.
Hetgfinetta colouibiana, Des Mur$, Ree. Zool. 1S45, p. 179 (Mus.
Paris) ; id. Icon. Ora. pi. vi. (1845) ; Rchnh. Sun. Ar., Natatores,
t. 111. f. 1079 (1845) («■ Du Mun).
Merganetta Columbiana, S':lat. P. Z. S. 185.5, p. lOJ; Sclat. ^ Salo.
P. Z. S. Itim, p. fiOl (part.).
MergauetU arniata, part., O. R. Gr. Gfn. P., .\pp. p. 28 (I&4fl).
Heiyanetts leucogenvs, part., lip. Compt. Bend. xlii. p. 65'2, a. ISS
(1856) i Sclaf. 4- Sati>. P. Z. S. 1809, p. 001 (part.) ; lid. Eiot. Om.
p. 200, n. 3 (part.) (ie«9) ; G. R. Gr. Iland-lut, in. p. 91. o. 10727
(part.) (1871) ; Sdat. ^ Salp. Nomeacl. Ai: NfUrop. p. 131 (part.)
(1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 408 (part., Ecuador), 1879, p. 543
(Frontino); iSclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 6:11 (part.); Berl. Om.
MonaUber. n. p. Ill (Merida, VenciuolH) (1804).
Bizium annata, part., Schlrg. Mm. P.-B., ADseres, p. 12 (I8i3(l)i
Ouib. Thei. Om. i. p. 467 (pnrt.) (1872).
Rbapbiplerus leucofrmyB, jiart., Rehnw. Orn. Centrnlbl. 18B'2, p. 3
(part., Columbia); Heine ^ Rrhme. Nomend. Mia. Hein. Om.
p. aaO (Merida, New Uranaila) (1800).
AdvU male. Sides of the bead and neck white ; pileum black, the
black continuous with a black band eloug the hind part of the
nape ; a narrow black baud surrounds the base of the bill ; an-
teriorly to the eyes a blnck spot, posteriorly a black band, M'hich
extends along the aides of the hind nei^k ; a white superciliary band,
continuous with a white hand on the sides of the mesial nuchal black
(}2. HEROVS. 46S
paler markiagB ; feathers of the back nnd scapulars black, edged
with grey; rump and wings as in the ihqIo; b small spot nbovu
and before ihe ejes fulvous like the cheeks and the whoh of the
miderparts.
Ymmg male. Upper part of the head and hind neck grey ;
feathers of the back black, with olive-brown edges ; lower parts
white ; sides barred with whit« and dusky ; winga an in the adult
male, but the speculum partly lead-colour with some paler dottiugs,
only OQ the upper part with a green lustre.
Hah. Andes of Columbia and Kcuadar, and also Venezuela*.
■. (f ad. sk.
e. tf ad. sk.
d. ,J ad. sh.
e,f. cJ ad. jik.
Sta. Martha, New Gisuada.
FroQlino, Antjoquia [T. K.
Salmon).
I'^uadoT [Jliggint).
Rio Blanco, Ecuador (C.
Buckley).
Sarayiieu, Ecuador (C
Btiekley).
Salvin-Godman ColL
Gould Coll.
Sslyin-Godraaa Coll.
Satvin-Godaian Coll.
SalviD-Godman Coll.
Subfamily XI. MERGIN.^t-
Key to the Oeittra.
It. Culmeo shorter than tnrsua Bi?. MKKtioa, p. 463.
h, Culmen longer than tarsus.
a'. Serrations of both mandiblos shi^rt, blutit,
and not distinctly inclined backwards at
tips 6.J. Loi'HOi)VTEB,p.468.
6'. Serrations of both mandibles very conspi-
euuusly tooth-lilie, and strongly inclined
backwards at tips fi4. Mbrganser, p.471.
i. Bra. Mvt. p. ;» (1816) i SlrpA. Gen. Zool. x
2, p. 156 (1824) M. albelius.
Mergellu'i, Kmip (cf. Noumamiia, 1855, p. 299) ; fielby.
Cat. Gen. ^ Subgen. B. p. 47 (IWO) M. nlbtUus.
Range. Paliearctie Region.
* I hale KWn in ihe Rothsrljild i.'ollection n fornnle «peciin«n, nppar«atly
belonging to ll>i« »ppciea. markeil a» from Venwuela.
t The ■p«ctm Of ihia subfiuailf hate the •lernum fcncatraled pgatMiariy,
lite thi- »pMi» of the graue Clangvla, to whi^ thej ahow a gr«it reaeraUsncu
1. ICei^m albflUiu.
Tim Smnw,
Mi'tf^H iHiw, Hnuelq. Itin. f. 209, a. 37 (1767); id. Rti$e (ed.Liun.),
p.3a*i, 11. 37 (1702).
Mi-rgniiMir eruMtui minor «ii« albelluB, Brim. Orn. vi. p. 343, pi. xxiv.
<r. I (rf),2(2)07eo).
MuiyanMr aUillatiui, liriu. np. cit. p. 252 (1700).
MuT^m glficialis, nrum. Orn. Hon. p. i-l, t>. H9 (17G1).
Mt'rirn* albi'llmi, Linn. S. N. i. p. 209, n. 5 (17(«) ; Cm. S. If. i. 2,
11. 147, n. r> (1788) ; I^lh. Ind. Om. ii. p. 831, n. 6 (irW) : id.
VVfffw. Linn. Soc. viii. p. 1^, t. x\\. tf. 3, 4 (trachea) (17»cl):
iWt Zo^r. Jtouo-M. ii. p. 2d9 (Siberia) (1811) ; Wib. .U,. Orn.
viit. ih li>tl, pi. Iixi. (AmeriCftP) (16I4)i Temm. .Van. p. o^l
{ 18ie) ! «. op. cit. 2nd ed. ii. p. 887 (ISlHI) ; i>iim. Diet. Sc. AW,
XX. p. Lllfi ((821 ) ; /fM>, In*, I6i2, p. 564 ; Lichi. Fttz. Ik'uU.
p. tM (1833); Strph. Otn. Xool. xii. 2, p. 157 (ll<24); Bj.. Oiu.
XtimftKi. Wiin.a.iiti (\Tiil^); Bans. Eitnt.di ZcoLia. pL ii. p. 14^
{W-M)\ Bp-SpM*. Cvmp. p. 74, D.S38 (Rome), D.2CS(l>luladel-
pbla) (1837) ; tut. Mm. if Orn. ii. p. 420 (1S2R) ; Brrkm. lot, lel30,
p. )«)», n. 1 : ill. Vik,. ItruticAi. p. Ml (1831) ; Int. Tr. d-fJn,.
p. t»n(laSl)i &iFi, Orn. Ttue.Hi. p. 118 (1831); X¥ll Atait. ii.
p.4«r(18»4); Strirkl. P. Z. AMeSii.p. 102 (SmTnia): G^.i. B.
Atr. 111.387 (1837): And. Om. Bioffr.iy. p. 3.)d. pL»47(IS:»^ :
l>y. itvtt. Amt. p. 178, pi. 3. f. 6 (etfrnum) (IS:)M : Bp. C-mp,
IM. p. M>, D. 4.-t3 (Euiope), n. 308 ^Amerin) |1SS8I : .4«f. Sn.
^ ftV (..Ww IHeane) (18311); Te«im. .V«)i. fTOrn. ir. p. .iw
iJapMit (ItUO): A'. J-£. If vir/M. -£Wr. pp. lxxxTiii.232 il>40' :
Au. (W. .Ve*. nc. £kr, p. 74 (1^2l : J"^- «■ -*""■. vi. p. *>S.
nl. 414 tl(4»t: Sc»/qr. Jter.CHt. p. cuii (l!44i; .\>«» r-v-
IW***/. lii. p. 3U. t. 324 H^U\ : Hiirti IVrz. Gr*. Mut. p. if 1
11844); Ayt(>nt.Akr.iLp.4S3(l84!)>: TniM. Ji- .SnU^. fWi.
^,An«, p. 13!) (l^tf); iliM SAir. JM. B. p. $1^ |1S^:
Ii3. HERotra.
4C5
(1879) J Pbuck, Fer/t. t.-b. Oei. JFtB, 1870, p, 154 ; Sclat. P. Z. S.
1880, p. 631 ; BramU, J.f. O. 1880, ii. 280; Sah. Cat. U. Slrtrkl.
«*. p. HI (1882); Senertt. Ibit, 1883, p. 77 (Pamir RauR*,) ;
Taa. Buil. Soe. Zoal. Pr. viii. p. 345 [KamUcliatka) (IWU) ;
B. 0. U. List B>^. B. p. 137 (1883) ; Solat. Lut Vei-t. An. 8th ed.
p. 443 (1883) ; Trintr. Faitn. * Flof. of Faleit. p. 118 (1884);
Sound. TarrflfsHUt. BrS. £. iv. p. 499 (1884-85); SeiA. Hint.
Bril.B. p. 638, pi. Ui (cffg) (1885); SkhCj/, J. J. & S. Ivi. p. 89
(188"); Meid, ^. Feath. i. p. 85 (Lucknow) (1887); DUiriet,
J. /. O. 1888, p. 05 (E. Siberia) ; Seeb. B. Jap. Emp. p. 269
(1890); RdaoD. J.f. 0. 1880, p. 84; HarUrt, Sal. Vogtlfnnnd
p. 231 (1891) ; Li^ord, Col. Fig. Brit. B. pt. lis. pi. ~- (1891) i
Skarof, Cat. Oat. Sprcbn. £. C. 8. iii. p. 312 {18i>I) ; IM. Faua.
I'ert. Belli., OU. ii- p. 609, pi. 273 (1893) ; Wallatgr. J.f. O. 1893.
p. 108 (Sweden).
Murgiw minutus. Linn- S. N. i. p. 209, n. 0 (1766) ; Gm. S. y. i. 2,
p. 148, n. G (1788) ; LatA. lad. Om. ii. p. 83J, n. 7 (1790) ; Brchtt.
Om. TWfAeni. ii. p. 400 (1803) i rieill. X. D. liv. p. 233 (1817) ;
Dum. Did. Se. Nat. xi. p. 296 (=albe]lu3 $) (1821); Brehm,
hit, 18.W, p. 1)99, n. 2; id. r<ig. Drutackl. p. &12 (1831).
Mergus lUbuliis, Stop. Ann. i. Hid. Xat. p. 71, n. 91 (17tJ») ; v.
Pitula SohraiA. Fiuai. Boiea, \. p. 3S7 (1798).
Mergus pannaaicus, Sfji. t. c. p. 72, n. 92 (1769).
Mergnn^r cineteua, Geriai, Star, degli Uee. v. t. 511 (cf juv.) (1770).
Muiyniiwr minor, Grrini. op. at. t 513 (<J), t. 514 ( 2 ) (1776).
Vielle, D'Anbent. It. Eni. i4f> {J ), m> li); Buff. Hitt. Jiat. Oi».
TiLi. p. 275, pi. 24 (1781).
liarle 6\iM, Buff, oiu cit. viii. p. 278 (1781).
Mi-wwuier nibellus, Bodd. Ta&i. P(. Enl. p. 27. n. 449 ( 1783) ; Bonn.
Ene. Milh. I. p. 101, pi. 27. L 4 (Amdnqua St'pleDlriaiial !) {171U).
SuiPw, Lalh. Sgn. iii. p. 428, n. 5 (1785).
KioaUi Itlorgnuscr, Lath. ibid. p. 429, n. 6 (1786).
FMtii^tua funifcr, Btttke, Schr. der bert. natmf. Get. \\i. p. iHH
(1787); Gm. S. .V. i. 2, p. 148, n. 7 (1788); Lalh. Ind. Om. ii.
p. 832, n. 8 (1700); PiiiH. JV. i>. liv. p. 224 (1817); iAm. liir/.
Se. Nut. XX. p. 297 (1821); ifanz. Elem. di Zool. iii. pt. iK. p. l.'il
(note) (1826).
MergaiiBer luinutus, Bonn. Enc Mith. L p. 106 (1700).
f hleigan^T tuTcifer, Bam. I. c. p. 106 (1790) ; Sleph. Gen. Zwl. xii.
2, p. 172 (lfcJ4).
Mergiis luastelinud, Bedttt. Om. Tateh. a. p. 401 (1803) (young nuilc).
Mergtts paaocieuB, Beehtt. I. c. p. 402 (18(B) (young fomiUc),
Morgug nia/?ulatiia, Beckit. I. e. p. 403 (1803).
MergelluH albeLlus. Sflfy, Cat. Gen. S- Subgea. S. p. 47 (1840) ; O. R.
Or. Lid B. Brit. Mui. iii. p. 147 (1844) ; id. Gtn. B. ill p. «2«
(1844); &A.iA.Sim..^ti.,Natatore8,t. 73. ff. 86-87 (1645); td. Ao.
A«(. Nat. p, li, tab. vii. (1862) ; Licht. Num. Av. p. lOS ( 1854) ;
Bp. Compt Bmd. iliil p, 662, n. 172 (1856) ; iM-hr. Cat. Mamm.
H OU. Ato. p. 146 (1868) ; Baird, Ji. N. Am. p. 817 (1858) ; id.
Cat. N. Am. R. u. 614 (1869) ; Jtrd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 818
(N. India) (1864) ; O. £. Or. Hand-OH, iU. p. 99, n. 107.34 (1671) ;
Bwink. P. Z. S. 1871, p. J16 (OhinK) ; Sundeo.Mrth.nat.Av.duip.
TaU. p. 150 (1872); Taci. J.f. O. 1873, p. Ill; Uumf, Sir.
Teath. i. p. 265 (N. India) (I87;i) ; Bidler, Sir. Fcalh. If. p. 31
(N. Gu»)rat)(1876); Hume.ibiit.x &tti/y, iiii/, p. 202 (ywliniul)
(1870) ; l>aoid St Outt. Oi>. Chiiu-. p. 509 (1«77) ; Bl<ih>t. *
VOL. XKVlt. 2 U
Ptyer, Ibii, 1878, p. 216 (Japan) ; &rt. Ibi», 1879, p. 23 (Japan) ;
Hiane, Str. Featk. viii. p. US, n. 973 (1879); JIume ^ Marih.
GameB.of Ind. iii. p, 293, pi. 39 (1880); Bolan,J./. O. 1880,
p.66; C.SiEink.Ibu,\m'2,n.l-26{S.A{ghBaistan); Echnw. Om.
CentraRd. 1882, p. 3; id. Jog. sool. Giirt. p. i2 (I88-»); D.,B.,^
R. Water-B. N.Am. ii. p. 124 (18S4) ; Radde, Omu Caueai.
p. 4C0 (1884) ; Stfjn. Bail. U.S. Ml. Mat. no. 29, p. 178 (BcritiK I.)
(1885) : Salnad. El. U<x. Ital. p. 269 (1886) ; Tnitr. Cat. CM. IS.
p. 46 (N. America) (1889) ; Sharpt, Tram. Linn. Hoe. (2) Zaul. v.
p. 92 (1888) ; id. Sec. York. Mia., Avfi. p. 1.33 (1891).
Merg^llua miuutus, Brehm, Naumannin, 186-5, p. 209.
Mergiilua [laptu.) albellus, Blakist. ij- Fryer, Tr. At. Soc. Jap. viii.
p. 187 (1880), X. p. 101 (1882); BlaJiiit. Amend. Liat B. Jap. p. »
(1884).
AdvH male. General colour white; a black patch on the lores,
Burrounding also the ej ca ; lower part of the crest block, with a green
gloBs, forming a V-ehaped mark on the sides of the occiput ; back and
rump black; upper tail-coverta grey, with lighter edges; scapulars
white, with a black baed along the outer edge; two crescentic
blaok bands on the sides of the breast ; sides and flanks narrowly
waved with dark grey lines ; marginal wiug-coverta blackish, the
central ones white, the greater ones, like the secondarioe, black,
banded at the tip with white; primaries blackish brown; tertiats
grey ; mai^inal under wing-coverts greyish brown, the centra] ones
and tbeaxillarieswbito; tail dark grey : bill of a bluish lead-colour,
the nail lighter ; iridcs bluish white ; legs and feet light bluish load,
webs darker. Total length about 17 inches, wing 7'6, tail 4,
cnlraen 1*25, tarsus 1'15.
Female. Upper part of the head and nape chestnat-brown, rest of
the upper parts brown-grey, darker on the back and rump ; a brown-
black pateh covers the lores and the cheeks ; throat and sides of the
neck pure white; crop-regiou grey; underparts white, sidi^s and
■p
82. xERocs.
4e7
lal&nd in samn
er: south in winter from the basin ot the Mi>di-
Urruieait to Nortliern ludia. Cliiiiu, and Jupan ; octatiioiiallr in
Northern America.
fl,4. J 2 «d. at.
Orent Briton.
Purchased.
r,d,it. ^2«l.-t
Gn>atBriUin.
J.Mejer,E«,.[P.].
rrj..».»t.
/. 2 ad. Bt.
Great Britain.
Joseph Sabine, liaq.
g. 2 ud. at.
Dover R., Merionetbebira,
Yarmouth, Norfolk, Jan.
J. Moray Brown, Esq.
Seebo"hm CoU,
*. 2 ad. sk.
(GUHU).
i. 2 f»d. sk.
Yarmouth, Norfolk, Jau.
Ca^ H. W. Feilden
SeebAm CoU.
*. (J ad. ak.
Deccles, Suffolk, Feb.
t,m. cTad-atet
GloucBSttTshite.
Montagu Coll.
cT juv. ak.
fi, Juv. 8k.
Devonahire.
Montagu Coll.
o. d juv. St.
Wales.
f. <f od. at.
Archangel (ifcncA*).
K. Bowdler Sharpe,
SeeWimColI.
q. 2 nd, .k.
Aug.
McBopotaniift [Jona).
r. Juv. Rk.
India Museum [P.].
«, i. J 2 juv. sk.
Leukoran, Doc.
Seebohm Coll.
*rfjuv.«k.
Bala Morgbab, Dec. (Ait-
Afghan Delim. Com-
^Bsion [P-]-
Lt-Col. Swinhoe
Seebohm ColL
<-.«:. 2ad.sk.
Kandahar, Jan., March,
r. 2 iA. Hk.
y. Ijuv.Bk.
Kandahar, Jan. [Smmhoe).
Azt'ar, Banks of Indus.
MajorVerbnrv[P.].
^ 2 itd. »k.
Iliver Jheelum, No*.
[A. 0. H.}.
H,i>e Coll. ^
<»■.<? id. et
Ewtero Narra, Sind, Dec.,
Hume Coll.
ju». 8k.
Jan. (A. 0. U.).
Delhi, ian.
o-y. rf 2 «d..
Hume Coll.
imm.Btiuv.8k,
GurjTBon, Jan. to Mar. ( IF. If.
Uume Coll.
imm. ak.
Chill).
^4". 2id.et
Hume Coll.
Murdon, Jan. (,Nu7idram).
Hume CoU.
ct iuv. sk.
e". 2 "L elt-
TuDJab,
n.O.V.IIualer,EM.
[P.l
Him^.Coll.
«f V'- rf 2 "d-
Slj-npoorie, Jan., Feb.
etiuT. Bk.
*",»-'.**■■ rf2Bd.
Becf.'ai (Fa/rmwr).
India Museum [P.].
Bt a juv. sk.
r,W',«". <f«d.
Cbinkiang Canal, Yaugtae U.,
I.ieut Davies [P.].
QtjUV.lk.
e". (J ad. ek.
Nankin. Cbuia, March («.
Ningpo, China, Jan. (K. *,),
Seebohm Coll.
^'. <J ad. 8k.
y",r''. 2«d.c't
Shar^ghai, China, Feb., March
Seebohm CoU.
a juv. sk,
(ft- A).
2n2
468
(". $ mL ak.
t",«". tJSad.
ak.
t>". $ ad. at.
w". Skeleton.
xf'. Steranm.
y". Steniam(with
>houlda>g;irdIe) .
x", a*. Sterna.
AtriTiDs.
SbanghFii, Chinn, Feb.
Yokohnmit, Japnti, Miucb
(H. Pryrr).
N. America.
diglftnd.
Europe.
F. W. Styan, Em.
[P.l.
Scebokm Coll.
Hudson's Boy Co.
[P.].
Purchased.
John Ray, lii<q. [1'.].
M. Lcfebt-re [C.J.
63. LOPHODYTBS. ^
LophodytoB, Hchnb. Av. Syit. Nat. p. is (1852) I-. cucullaluf .
Range. Confined to North America.
1 . Loplutdftes cncnllAtna.
Anas crirtatuR, Catuby, Carol, i. p. 94, t. 94 (1764).
Merganser virmuianus criflUtua, Brim. Om. vi. p. 258 (1700).
Round-craited Duck, JSdw. Glean, pi. 3G0 (\1(!S).
Hergus cucullatud, Ztnn. S. N. i. p. 207, n. 1 (17G0) ; Gm. S. N. 1 2,
p. 644,n. 1 (178«); Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 830, n. 5 (1790); mix.
Am. OrtL riii. p. 79, pi. 60. f. 1 (1814) ; VuiU. N. D. Jiiv. p. 220
(1817) ; Dum. Diet. Sc. Nat. ix. p. 296 (1821) j SMne, Frnukl.
Joum. App. p. 702 (1823) ; Bp. oU. WO*, n. 251 (182.'i) j Sanz.
El. A" Zool.m. pt. is. p. 147 (1826) ; Bp. Ann. Luc. A'. Y. ii. p. 307,
D. 349 (1826) ; id. ^Hxch. Gmp. p. 74, n. 263 (1827) : id. Sffn.
p.897(1828)i ieM.Afan. (r0f7i.il p.420{1828)i id.Tr.d'Om.
p. 635(1831); Sw. ^ Bieh. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. SIW (1831);
5ftt.V, Traiu. N. II. iSoc. i/ NortAumb. i. p. 292 (Yannouthj
(imi) ; id. ^inb.Journ. of Nat. fGeogr. 8c. iii.£.^238(188l),f/.
ti3. LOPnUDYTfiS,
460
An^ B. 2ud ed. p. 177, n. 746 (1882) ; B. O. U. LUt BrU. B.
y. lS7iie8:i); Sound. iarreWtBrU. BAY. v.50d[li>S4-S5);Sefb.
But. Brit. B. iii. p. B33. pi. 07 (egg) (1886) ; Con/, Lut B. WrA
Ind. p. 31 (1885); Ti-Utr. Cat. Ott B. p. 46 (1889); Hartert,
Kat. Voffebamml. p. 234 (1801).
ilarle hupp* de Vi:^nie, D'Aubent. PI. &il. 9S6 (d), 930 (J).
Ilaile couronne, Buf. Hal. Nat. Oil. viii. p. 280 (1783).
lioodwl Merganser, i%HB. -^rc^, 2«oi. ii.p.538,n.46r (17tl5)i £oM.
%■. iii. 2, p. 426, n. 4, t. cE. (1785).
PUrown MergsoBtsr, Pttat. Aret. Xaot. ii. Suppl. p. 74 (1767) (Iludwin's
Bav).
? MuiVus fuscua, to/A. /«J. Om. ii. p. 832, n. 9 (1790) (ct /%««((«() i
ritiU. N. D. siv. p. 224 (1817) ( = cucullfttua ?) j Ihta\. Diet. Sc,
Nat. xx.-p. 297 (1821).
Wci^fuiKir cucullatu«, AWn. ftc. MeM. i. p. 103, pt. 27. f. 2 (ITDO) ;
Stfoh. Oen. Zoo!, iii. 2, p. 168 (1824) ; Bp. Omp. Liil, p. 59
tl!S8) ; id. Cat. Mtt. Vcc. Sur. p. 74 (l*J3) : MacaiU. Man. Om.
ii.p. 196(1842).
Mctctuuer fuMos, St)^. Qen. Zool. xii. 2, p. 170 (1834).
Luphodj'ttM cucullatua, Rohnb. Av. »/gl. Nat. p. ix (1652) ; Sp.
a«np(. JJ»«(.xliii.p.fi62,n.l7] (1856); Baini, B. N. An^p.m
(18M)( id. Cat.. N. Am. B. n, 613 (1869) ; Seht. P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 369 (Jalapii) ; Coop. ^ Suckt. N. H. Wa»h. Terr. p. 266 (I860) ;
liavd.It>-p.\iim,p. 178; Verr. Pi: £a. /i«i(. iii. p. 150(1862);
Oimld, B. Or. Bril. v. pi. 36 (pL x... 1866) ; Drat, tbit, 1866,
p. 144 (Texas) ; Gimll. Se/ierl. Fuieo-Nal. Culut, i. p. 391 (1866) ;
SehJiy. Mat. P.-B., Anseres, p. 6 (1866) ; Lawr. Ann. Lm. N. Y.
viii, (1866) p.298(18a7); duw, iV. a*. 7n*(. v. p.201 (1868);
liiiU j- Bonn. Tr. Ckic. Aaid. i. p. 202 (1869) (Alaska) ; Eyt. ^
Anal. p. 137 (1809) ; Sten. U.S. Geol. Sum. Ten. p. 466 (1870) ;
O. S. Gr. Hand4itt, iii. p. 01, n. 10783 (1871) ; Suxden. MtUt.
not. Ac. diip. Tna. p. 160 (1872) ; AOfn, Bull. Mui. C. Z. iii.
p. 183 (1872); Unom, B. Saru. p. 12 (1873); GundLJ.f.O.
1875, p. 388 (CiiU) ; S^t. P. Z. S. 1880. p. 631 ; Ridmii. Norn.
N. Am. fl. n. 638 (1881) ; B., B., ^ B. WaUr-B. N.Am.ii. p. 131
(1884); Ndtrl.J.f.0. 1882, p. 148 (BliaoiH) ; MatnAie li ZUimt,
J.f. 0. 1885, p. 19-'; A. O. V. Ckeck^Utt N. Am. B. p. 114,
n. 131 (1880) ; Nelem, Nat. nisi. GJt. in AbuUa, p. 67 (1887) ;
SiiijiB. Man. N. Am. B. p. 89, n. 131 (1887); Cory, Auk, 1888,
p. 69; id.B. W.Ind. p. 270(1869}; IlatiA, B. of Minuet, p. 36
(1892).
Mewus (Lopliciilytes) cucuUatus, Couet, Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed.
p. 718, n. 745(1884).
AdiiU male. Hrad and upper part of tte niM-k black ; top of tto
head omumented with a compreBBod BomicirciUar cri'st, tho poatorior
half of whiuh is white, edged with black ; (oreliead dark fuliginooB
brown ; back, rump, and upper tjiil-covorta bmwu-blaci ; Honpulara
d«cp block ; lower part of tho ncuk in front, brcoit, and aMomen
white ; on the nides of the breast two crcsoontio black bands,
dcBccnding from thu upper part of tlio boek ; sides roddiah brown,
narrowly waved with blackiah brown ; under tail-coverts frocklod
with white, rcddiali, and brown : wing-coverta blackish round the
edge of the wing, tho central onea grey, the greater black with the
tips white ; quills brown, tho socondoriea white on tho oulor web,
forming a white a|)oculum on tho wing, which ia crust>od by two
470 AitiTiDA.
black bands, fonned by tho black base of the Bccondoriea showing
tfaroagh and by the base of the greater coverts ; tortials very
broad and long, black, with a mesial longitudinal white band ; under
wing-coverts brown, edged with white ; azillarieB white ; tail brown ;
"bill black; irides bright yellow ; legs and feet yellowish brown "
(B., B., j- B.). Total length about 17-5 inches, wing 7-75, tail 4,
Golmeu 16, tarsus 1>4.
Female. Smaller than the male ; head, neck, upper breast, sides,
flanks, and upper parts brown, lighter on the sides of the head, neck,
and breast ; the orest reddish brown, lighter at tbo tip ; throat
whitish brown ; the brown fcatbers of the breast, flanks, and appcr
parts have lighter edges ; breast and abdomen pure white ; longer
under tail-coTcrts brown, freckled with paler ; upper wing-covcrls
greyish brown, the greater ones black, tipped with white, forming
a white band across the wing ; qnills brown, secondaries edged
with white on the outer web, forming an imperfect wing-speculum ;
tertials black, with a mesial white band along the middle ; under
wing-corerts, axillaries, and tail as in the male : " maxilla black,
edged with orange ; mandible orange ; iris hazel ; feet dusky "
(A, B., ^ R.),
Young mjirtt plumage. Similar to tho adult female, but are
somewhat browner and bare the crest rudimentary or wanting, the
sides and posterior part of the crissum more distinotly brown.
Toung tn down. "Above deep hair-brown, darkest on the back and
mmp ; posterior border of the arm-wing, a small spot on each side
of the back (nearly concealed by the closed wing), and a larger one
on each side of the rump white ; lower half of the head (from about
on a line with the eye) brownish buff, paier on the chin and throat ;
jngolum light dingy brownish; remaining lower parts dingy white,
" e Btdes brown, like the upper part " (B., B., ^- It.).
<M. UEROANSER.
Ty,«
. p. 230 (1760) ; ScAaffcr,
a*. Omith. p. 66 (1789) : Leach, S/^. Cat. M.
4- B. Brit. Mm. p. ae (1816) i SUph. Gen. Zool.
xii.2, p. 160{1824) M. caator. ■
I'lfer^s, Stlby (nee Zian.], Cat. Oeii. ^ Subffiin. B.
■o. 47 (1840) M. oaalor.
Pnster, Hei»e, Norn. Mut. Hein. Orn. p. 350 (1800) . M. brttsiliftnuB.
Eange. Pflliearctic Region, Northern India, Nearctic It^ioD, 8.E.
Brazil, and the Auckluudd.
Key to the Speciet.
a. Lower parts not barred iicross, except on the flanks
o'. Flanks not dark lead-prey, almost uniform, and
under lail-coverta not ilufiky grey edgud with
u". Lower part of the neck, like the lower
surrace, white.
fl'. Flanhs entirely white : nialoa with tlio
bead black filoased with p'een; femnlea
with the bead nifoua-bronn, and throat
conspicuously white,
o'. No conspicuous bliick band ncnisa the
win); at the base of the grenter wing-
a'. Lfu^r; culmcn 2'20-S'40 inches:
feathers of the hiod part of the head
verj' full, hut not very lon^ and not
forming a prominent crest ; head of
the females of a deep and bright
chestnut cantor, p. 472.
b\ Smaller; cutmen 1-90-3-10 : feathers
of the hind part of the head tatiier
thin and loa^, and form in ff decidedly
a prominent crest; head of the female
of a dull and pale rufous, and with
the anterior part of the crown tinged
with greyish oomatvt, p. 47o,
6'. A conspicuous black band across the
wing, at the base of the greater wing-
b'. Feathers of the sides and flanks with con-
apieuous crescentic banda ; head abore
bTown-mfouH, sides of the bead and
throat paler : occipital crest Tery long'
(matr immol'ure ?) fjiiantatuf, p. 478.
ft", AdistinctwhittcoUar round the neck defines
tbeblack ofthe upper part &om the reddish
breast, which is streaked with dusk^ ;
flanks waved with black and whitish zi^-
twf[ lines ; head and upper psft of the neck
' e {mnlei); throat of
the female not white but rufesccnt .
1. 470.
b'. FIbiUu dark luod-fnKy, aliiiost unifomi ; under
tail-covcrts dimky \p&w, edged with white;
head brown-rufous, apporeutly in both sexea . australit, p. 494.
6, Ijower parts barred with white and blockish .... bratSuntat, p. 485.
1. HerganseT castor.
The UooMmdur.
Merganser, Briu. Om. -n. p. 231, pL zxii. (cj) (17(10).
MeiTpmser cinorou*, Britt. op. cit. p 26S, pi. jciv. ( 2 ) (1760).
Morgus rubnnapilla. Briinn. Om. Bar. p. ^2, a. 93 (1764).
Heigiu menraiwer, Zinn. 5. A^. i. p.:208, n.2 (cr)(171l6) ; Gm.S.N.
i. 2, p. 644, D. 2 (1788) ; Lalh. Inrf. Om. n. p. 828, n. 1 (1790) ;
Pall. Zoogr. Bo»!o-A». ii. p. 286 (1811) (Kurile I.) ; Temm. Man.
d-Qm. p.fi75 (1816); VieOl. N. D. liv. p. 219 (1817); Temm.
Man. 2iid ad. ii. p. 881 (1820) ; Bum. Bid. &. Nat. xx. p. 292
(1821) ; F<Aer, P,-odr. d. itl. On. p, Gl (1822) ; Firm. Phil, of
;W. ii. p.261 (1822); Aom, Jim, 1822, p. 664; Licit. Vm.Doubl.
p.8S (1823); Br^m, Lghrb. ear. Vog. p. 852 (1823); Yarr. Tr.
Lmn. Sur. iv. p. 391, pi. xv. f,g (Blernum), ff. a, e, A (trachea)
(1827) ( /li<. Speedi. Comp. p. 74, n. 236 (1827) ; F/em. Brit. An.
p. 128 (18-i8) ; Lest. Man. d Om. ii. p. 420 (1828) j Brehm, 1m,
leSO, p. ai9, n. 1 (IceUnd); til. Handb. VUg. BeuttcM. p. 943
(]8:il)i Las. Tr. JOm. p.636(183I); Saei.Om. To*;, iii. p. 122
(leSl); Jm. Man. p. 240 (1836); Gotdd, B. of Eur. t. pi. 384
(IS37) ; Eyt. Man. Anat. p. 173 (1838) ; Temm. Man. iv. p. 666
(1840) (Japan) ; StridU. Ann. ^ Mag. N. U. viii. •(. 646 (1842) ;
Sdyt-L. Faun. Belg. i. p. 147 (1842) ; SchUg. JUv. Crit. p. cxxi
(1844) ; JVoum. I'o>. BmUckt. lii. p. 366, t. 326 (1844) ; Hartl.
Verx. Oct. Mu*. p. 121 (1844) ; O. R. Or. Ltit. B. Brit. Mtu. iii.
p. 147 fpert.) (1S44); Schnb. ^.^d., Natatores, t.73. If. 94, 96,
884 (1846) ; Leu. BtKr. Mamm.tt Oil. p. 252 (1847) ; Degl. Om.
F-w: ii. p. 47S (18n) ; T^mm. S( Sthkg. Faun. Jnp., Aret. [.. 120
(IWO) (Ja\ma) ; llnntmann, Kaamamia, 1869, Heft iJ. p. 124 (I»u-
(>4. NEiio^NeEit. 473
p. 65 (part.); Se/knv. Om. VeiUraibl. 188a, p. 2; id. VSg. tool.
Gdrt. p.4l[lm2); Si/c. t'of.il. «ne«. (M.p.541 (1882) ; B.O.
I/. Lut Snt. B. ^.130 {ISHS); Selaf. Lilt r«<t. vln. Sth ed. p. 442
(le*i); Tni-:. BuU. Soc. Zool. Fr. \m. p. 344 (1883) (KamUchnt-
ks); DairuKiky, MT. om. Vtr. H'lra. 1884, pp, 84, 86 (Hosnia) i
R.ul,!r, Omu Cau-ai. p. 466 (1884); Snuad. YarTell't Hut. Brit.
B. iv. p. 488 (18&1-861 i S«4. Hiat. Brit. B. iii. p. 6^6, pi. 67
iegg) {1685) ; Salcad.J&.t'cr.Itai.f. '2m {lBm);lJornei, J. f.O.
1888, p. 9fi (E. Siberia) ; Hartteig, J.f. 0. 1889, p. 161 CNorth
Cape) i Trittr. Cat. CM B. p. 4(5 (part.) (1889) ; &eA. /f. Japan.
ffliyj. p.a57(1890)i J&Anic. j;/ 0. 1800,p.85j r/.*ru*e, J./. O.
1881, p. 198 (SdilewA, bKBding) ; Martert, Kat. Fogeltamnd.
p. 234 (1891); Shatpe, Cat. OUtol. ^Kam. S. C. S. hi. p. 811
{1891); Dnboit, raun. Vert. Belg., (Hi. \\. p. 613 (ptirt.), pi. 374
(180;l) i Wailmijr. J.f. 0. 1893, p. 166 (Sweden).
MurKUJ castor, Linn. S. N. i. p. 208, d. 4 ( J ) (1766) ; Oin. S. N.
i. 2, p. IU6^ (1788); Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 8». n. 3 (1790);
Srehm, Imi, 1830, p. 999, n. 2 ; id. Handi. V6y. DeutiehL
p. 944 (1831); O. S. Or. Om. B. iii. p. 629, n. 1 (svn. emend.)
f 1S44) ; Blylh, Cat. B. Mva. A. & B. p. 308, d. 1798 (fiat.)
'"(49) ! Oould, B. Oreat Brit. t. pi. 34 (pt. s., 1866) ; Smtth.
Z. S. ie71,p. 416 (ChinR); O. S. Or. Hand4ia. i
1849) ! Oould, B. Oreat Brit. t. pi. 34 (pt. s., 1
P. Z. S. 1871, p. 416 (ChinR) ; O. R. Or. Hand4ia. iii. p. i
n. 10728 (ajn. emend.) (1871) ; Swink. IbU, 187 S, p. 466 (Hakft-
dadt); Blakut. if Pn/er. Ibit, 187S. p. 215 (Japan); Od. Tr. At.
Soc. Jap. viii. p. 187 (1880), X. p. 101 (18tl2).
aiuigns pulo, &^. Ann. i. Biit. fiat.n. 69, n. 88 (1769).
PMeipiHffithiopB.&op. .4nn. i. JTiri. JVfl(. p. 70, n. 90 (1769).
Mei^ua uiadcuB, S. O. Gtnel. ICeiie d. Ratal, ii. p. 188, t. 20 (1774) ;
Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 618, n, 63 (1787).
Mewo-Oca, G«n«i, Stor. degli ETm. v. tt 508, 513 (tjod.), 510 (2)
(1776).
GiKWUnder, Fam. Brit. Zool. a. 260. t. 92. f. 1 (1776) ; id. Aret. Zool.
" 1. 406 (17f(5) ; Lalk. Syn. iii. 2. p. 418, n, 1 (1786),
Dun Uiver or Speiling-Fowl, Pam. Brit. Zool. ii. p. 657, t. 92. f. 2
(9) (1776); Lath. Affi- "'■ 2, p. 420, n. 2 (1786).
Harlu, jyAubent. Pt. Ent. 951 ( cf ), 062 ( J ) ; Bvff. Hut. Nat. Oii.
riii. p.2e7, pL33(1781).
Mergoi rubricapillua, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 546 y (1788).
Merganser raucedula, ScAaef. Mia. Orn. p. 66, n. SIO, t, 43 (178Q).
Mprganser cnator, Scharff. Mus. Om. p. 67, n. 212 (1789) ; Snnn.
Ene. Mith. i. p. 103, n. 4 ($) {1790); Bp. Comp. Lut, a. 59.
n. 433 (1838); id. Cat. Met. Uec. Ew. p. 76 (1812); Macgill.
Man. Orn. ii. p. 194 (1842) ; id. Biit. BrU. B. v. p. 207 11852) ;
Bp. Compt. Rind, xliii, p. 662, □. 166 (1866) ; Lodu, Cat. M. el O.
A^ir.f. 140(1868).
HLVganwr rcthiops, Schaef. Mta. Om. p. 67, n. 213 (1789).
Herganwr riuic^uls (In/e raucedula), Bonn. Enc. MHh, i, p, 101,
pL26.f. 4(cf) (1700) (exOtmer,Av. 13.3, 134).
P Sluifiratuwr leucomelatiUH, Schrank, Faun. Bote. i. p. 238 (1798).
Merffanaer raii, Ltach, Cat. M. ^ B. Brit Mta. p. 30 (1816) ; Steph.
Gen. ZooL iii. 2, p. 161, pi. 63 (cf) (1824).
MeigHDser ga\o. Leach, I. f. (1816).
Merfnie (Mermnspr) cantor, pnrt., K. ^ B. Wirhelth. Eur. pp. Lcuriii,
231 (1840).
Mei^UB orientaliB, Oould, P. Z. 8. 1846, p. 1, part. (Amaj) ; Hain. ^
Rchnw. Norn. Mm. Main. Om. p. 360 {Jnp»a) (1890).
MergnnscT nldrovanili, lirhnk Ai: *yrf. \iU. \i. ix. Uth. vii. (1862)
(e-r fifty)
Merg«iu(er meimnser, SMn. Orn, Erpl. Kamttek. p. 176 (1685) ;
m^. Man. N. Am. B. p. 86 (1887).
Adult malt. Head and upper psrt of the neck black, gloAsed with
bottJe-green ; the occipital feathers elongated, but not forming a
distinct crest, except when erected ; lower part of neck and
mantle white; back and scapulars glossy black; lower part of
the back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail ashy, the basal tail-
ooTerts paler, the longest with the rfiafts blackish, and the centre
darker ; underparts white, on the breafit and abdomen, especially in
freshly killed specimens, delicat* pale salmon-colour ; lower flanks
at the base of the tail and onter under tail-eoverta finely vennicu-
lat«d with grey ; upper wing-coverts, median and inner secondaries
white, the latter edged with black on the outer web ; outer scapu-
lars white; primaries, primary-coverts, and outer secondaries
brown-black, but the secondarioa white at the tip ; marginal under
wing-ooreite brown, edged with white, the remainder, with the
axiUaries, white : bill deep vermilion-r^, the ridge of the upper
mandible and the tooth blackish ; iris deep reddish brown ; 1^8
rermilioD-red. Total length about 28 inches, wing 11*25, tail 5-25,
colmen 2'45, tanus 1'95.
Female, Head and upper neck deep rusty, duller on the crown
and anterior part of head ; throat conspicnonsly white ; tlie rusty
colour of the neck sharply defined below ; feathers of the crown and
nape much elongated, forming a crest when erected ; lower neck
grey, with the edges of the feathers whitish ; upper parts generally,
including the inner secondaries, scapulars, and wing-coverts, ashy
^1
AiaUs in moult
have traces of a black ring round the iicck, arc
darker on tbo back H
and aboulders. and aiiow Ibe whitish wing ol
: tbc immature bird ^H
Younr/ in doui
1. Similar to that of J/, lerrator, but ttcrbaps not ^H
M darh on tho upper parts.
^H
Hah. Northern
1 parte of tbu Falffiarctio recioii, from Wea(«rn ^H
Enrope to Karatschulkii ; in winlpr eitunds from Southern Europe ^H
and the ba^iu of the Mediterranean to China and Japan. ^
a. tf ad. -k.
Hume Coll.
i. 2 ttd. ak.
Orkneys (J. E. UaHing).
ir. J. Elwca, Esq.
Pun-based.
e, rf. PuU. St.
Qt. Britain.
0. cf «.l. *t.
tit. Brituiu.
Montagu Coll.
/. Jot. at.
England.
SutlierlAiid.
I'urchased.
y <J ad. BL
*, C {J Bd. et J
jUV.Bk.
*.$ ad.sk.
Mrs. Flower [P.].
Lynn Harbour.
Sulvui-Uodniau Cull.
Yarmouth, Korfolk, Dec.
St'ebohm CoU.
A»i,H.cJ$ad.at.
Norfolk.
Purchaaed,
0. 2 ad, 8t.
Korfolk.
p,q. (J imm. et
WellB, Norfolk, Jan., Kav.
|«d.Bk.
I-. § .d. St.
RondlcHham Park, Suffolk.
R«v. W. Kirby [P.].
*. $ ad. ak.
R. Didw, Walaa, Jan.
Editor of ' Laud and
t. 9 ad. at
ll.$«d.8k.
Gloucestershire.
Water '[P.].
Montagu CoU.
Dr. oTl^ch [P.].
Oinak. Aug.
t., W. $ ad. et ,J
Yen-o-Bay, Siberia, Ut. 621°,
Secbohm Coll.
juv.ak.
June (S. S.).
X. ? ad. Bk.
China.
J. R. HceveB.
y. S ad. ak.
Kiu-kiftDg, China, Dec.
F. W. Styan, Esq.
Lieut. Davies [P.].
a. $ ail. sk.
Chinkiang Cnoal, Yanglae R.,
«', i', r'. ^ $ ad.
Sliangh^. ChuiB, March, Dec.
Soebohm Coll.
sk.
(fi. SicinJioe).
d: 2 (uL ak.
Shanghai, China, Dec.
F. W. Styan, Esq.
[P.]. ^
Seebohm Coll.
f '. 2 wi. ^•
Amoy, China (R. SieinAof).
/-,/. ^T ad. ct <J
Corea.
C.W. Campbell, Esq.
JQT. ak.
[P-]-
A' ' $ ad. ak.
Hakodadi, Japan, April [£lak-
Seebohm Coll.
»", V, rf 2 ad. sk.
Yokohams. Japan (Ff. Pryer].
Seebohm Coll.
f . 9 ftd. «k.
Nagasaki, Japan, Dec.
F. Ringer, l->q. [l'.\
m'. rf ad. 8k.
Seebohm Coll.
«'. Skeleton.
o". Skeleton.
Purchased. ^H
p', g'. SkuUs.
2. Hei^anur comatDS.
1
MeriTus aerrator, ifud>;r«. (mc Z,»in.) Gray* 2bo/. JU^ p. 86, on. 636, ^|
637 (lfrl4)
: Shnrjie (lapsu). Tram. Linn.
Soe. (2) Zaol. y. p. 02 ^
(Bttla-Mortfab) tlSSO).
m. 1
Mergus oriontoliB, OauM, P.Z.8. 1845, p. 1 (pnrt.)*: O.R.Gr.
Cat. Bodfft. Colt. S. M. -o. 147 (Nepal) (1SK() : id. Gm. B. Apn.
p.28(1849); Bp. Compt. iJend. iJiii. p. 052, n. 1(18(1860); O.R.
Or. Cat. Hadg». Colt. B. M. 2rd ed. p. 77 (I8(»).
Meiyw CMtor, BtyCh, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. a. 308, n. 1798 {pwt.,
gpedm. A, B, Dj (1849) ; Jerd. {nee Litm.) B. of Ind. iii. p. 817
(1864) (N. India); O. R. Or. Hand-tut, iii. p. 91, n. 10728 (part.)
(1871) i Hunie ^ Anders. Lahore to Yark. p. S97 (Indus) (1873) ;
Hume, Sir. Ftath. i. p. 423 (1873) (Sumbliulpoore, Centr. Vtoy. of
Lidia) ; Parker, Sir. Feath. ii. p. 336 (Bairskur) (1874) ; Ball,
Aid. p. 439 (Chota Nagpur) (1874) ; Scully. Sfr. Feath. iv. p. 202
(Kasbgar) (1876); Hume, ibid. p. 496 (Mokran Coast) (1876);
Hume, Str. Fenlh. vii. p. 149 (Ajmere) (1878) ; BaU, Hid. p. 233
(Indi«) (1878); Bidd. Sfr. Feath. is. p. 365 (Gilgit) (1880);
ta. Ibit, 1881, p. 101 (Oilgit).
Mcmw merganaer, Dyb. i^rarrex {nee Linn.), J.f. O. 18G8, p. 359
(Dfturia) (P); Ton. J.f. O. 1873, p. 110; Severtz. Turkett. Jerotn.
p. 70 (1873); Dreiser, IbiA, 18-0, p. 4l'l (Turkustaii) ; I'rzew.
Mmgotia, ii. pp. 100, 170, n. 276 (1876) ; id. in Soicl. Om.
Jlfwc. iii. p. 107 (HongoLn) (1878) ; ifume, »/■. JwKA.viii.p. IIB,
n. 973 (India) (1879) ; SeuUy, Str. Feath. viii. pp. 364, 3(« (Sepal)
(1879) ; Hume& Marih. Game B. of Ind. iii. p. 209, pi. 40 (1882);
McLeod, Str. Feath. n. p. 168 (TanKrote Fttry) (1887) ; Hume,
Str. Feath. li. p. 347 (Asaani) (1888); Cr^pe, ihid. p. 348
(DohinfT river); SAarpe, Sec. Yark. MU»., Aues, p. 133 (1891);
Quit. Ann. Sc. Nat., Zool. (7) xii. p. 318, n. 56 (1892) ; id. A'oni'.
^rcA. Mu». (3) Ti. p. 103 (1894).
Similar to JI. caitor, but somewhat smaller, tbo feathers of tbo
orOBt thinner, narrowur, and longer ; the bill nsually shorter ; tho
male has the hlack edges of tho tertials broodor, the lower back and
rump paler grey and nsiially much freckled with whito : " bill deep
red, almost vonnilion in some, a cinnabar or deep blood-rod in
others ; tho noil and a stripe along tho culmcn, from the nail to tho
{J juv. ak,
& (j Ad. sk.
n'-A*. d 2 nd. (
rf juT. ak.
f. S Kd. ak.
*■. fj Bd. Bk.
r.^ 5 od. ak.
b'. (j (id. A.
o'-b', d S ad.ak.
u>'. (f ad. sk.
,!■'. Sternum.
04. KEBOAirSER.
Indln.
Indus River, ScpL (J, Bid-
dulph).
Nepal ( Hndnmn),
Netiro Sikhim, Jan. (£. Atau-
deOi.)
Nutive Sikhim, Nov. -Dec,
April (£. Man-UUi).
Sikhim (L. MandeUf).
Sikhim, Fob. (£. MantkUi).
Sikhim, Dec.
Near Daijeeling.
Suddyn, .^asom, Fob,
Bengal (Uardiaicke).
Dinnpur.
M&iiiuiBdi, Itnipur Diet., Jan.
Kukii-noor (Prjevaltk^).
Hume CoU. (Tyi*
of the spedea.)'
Hume Coll.
J. BIddulph, Em.
[P.], ^
Hume Coll.
Ilumo Coll.
India Museum [P.].
Cnpt.S. Pinwill[r.].
Hume Col).
Sfttbolim Coll.
3. Uergaiiser americanus.
p. 293 (port.) (1821) ; ,Sji. 06>. »^i7t. n. 248 (1825); id. Ann. Zmc.
N, r. ii. p. 897, n. 347 (18L'6) ; id. Speech. Comp. p. 74. n. SSO
(1837) ; id. Syn. p. 397 (1828) ; Doughty, Cab. N. H. i. p. lOB,
51. 10 (1830) ; Sw. ^Sieh. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 461 (1831) ; Nult.
Itm. li. p. 460 (1834); Ei/t. Man. Anal, p, 173 (part.) (1838)
(America, Peru !) : Aud. Om. Biof/r. iv. p. 261, pi. 331 (1838) ;
U.Syn.-p. 297 (1833); id. B. Am. vi. p. 387, pi. 411 (1S43);
O. R. Or. Litt B. Brit. Mia. iii. p. 147 (f, /) (1844) ; Girand, B.
Long III. p. 33S (1844) ; Wied, J.f. O. 1S50, p. 241 (N. Americn) ;
8(Miff. Mug. P.-B., Anserea, p. 2 (part.) ( 1 806) ; Alien, BiU. Mta.
C. Z. iii. p. 183 (1872) : Coua, Kiy, j. 296 (1872) ; id. Oitck-litl,
1. 521 (1§73) : id. B. It.- Went, p. ^3 (part.) (1874) ; Oitb. The*.
O™. ii. p. 670 (psrtO (187fih Covet, Check-r ■ "
11.743(188
O™. ii.p. 670 (psrtO (187fih Covet, Check-m,2aA ed. p. 117,
n. 743 (1882) -. td. Key N. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 716, a. 743 (1884) ;
Triitr. Oat. Call. D. p. 46, specim. d (18^) ; Brandt, J. f. 0.
1891, p. 269 (Sitkn).
Merganser castor, Bp. (nee linn.) Conw. IM, p. 69, n. 399 (1838).
Mtogua americanus, Cuu. Pr. Aead. Fhilad. 1863, p. 187 ; id. Zl.S.
£xpl. Exj>ed., Om. p. 345 (1868) (Oregon) ; Baird, B. N. Am.
p. 813 (1868) i id. Cat. N. Am. B. n. 611 (1859) ; Coop. * SttcU
IV. S. Wa,h. Ta-r. p. 203 (1800); a„yd. lUp. 1862, p. 170;
Dreii. Ibii. 1866. p, 44 (Texas) ; Lawr. Ann. Lye. If. Y. viii.
I86(!. p. 208 (1867); IfaU ^ Bami. Tr. Otic. Acad. I p. 301
(1809) (Alaska); Stev. U.S. Oeol. Stm: Terr. p. 460 (1870);
Fintch, Abh. Breni. Ver. iii. p. 71 (1672) ; DaU, Pr. Cal Aead. v,
(1873) p. 30 (j\Jeutiau8) ; Snow, B. Kane. p. II (1873).
Uerpuiser castor, a. ajnericonus, Bp. Compt. Rend, iliii. p. 052
(1856).
Merg:^ castor, port., Q. R. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 01, n. 10728 (1871).
Ueiffui mei^naer americimus, Ridgvi. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mta. iii, p. 206
(1880) ; id. Norn. N. Am. B. u. 636 (1881) ; Bean, Pr. U.S. Ifat.
Mut. T. p. 167 (188J) (Kodiuk); //orti. J. f. 0. 1883, p. 333
(ChUeoot. AlwAa); B., II., ^ M. WaUr-B. X Am. ii. p. 112
(1884) i Bamnd. Yarrelft Hitt. Brit. B. iv. p. 401 (1884-1885) ;
*«6. Sill. Brit. B. iii. p. 626 (1886) ; Matith. u. Ziemer, J.f. O.
1SM5, p. 192 ; Seeb. B. Japam. Emp. p. im (1890).
Men^nmr unerioinus, Stejn. Om. Erpl. Kamtick. p. 177 (1886) :
A. O. U. Cheek-lut iV. Am. B. p. 113, r. 129 (1986) ; Turmr,
OmtT. Sat. Hilt, of Altuka, p. 130 (1886) (UnHlaska) ; l^tUon,
Nat. Hut. CoU. in Alatka, p. 06 (1887) i Ridgvi. Man. N. Am. B.
p. 8U (1887) i ffofcA, B. o/lHinttet. p. 34 (1802).
Himilar to 3f. mtrgaiuer, bat the male ia distinguished by having a
black bu across the ving at the base of the greater coverts ; ao
to the fnathering at base of bill baring quite distinct outline, as
stated by Mr. lUdpway, I cannot find much difference.
Ha}i. Whole of North America, breeding south to northern border
of United States ; occasional in Bermudas.
a,b. cT $ ■<!' ■!(■ Columbia River.
<■. S 0^- '^- British Columbia.
4. $ nd. rt. Cnnada.
t. $ nd. sk. 41)lh I>anillel, May.
/. $ ad. ik.
a. ^ nd. Kk.
A, i, *. 5 ad. et
i iiiv, sk.
{, M. S nd. et
pull. tJt.
«, o. l>u]l. ak.
jh $ Ml. sk.
r Island, Not.
Vancouver Island.
Lyon's Falls, New York, May,
Nov. (A. J. Dm/an).
4Ui Lake, Herkimer Co., New
York, June (C. H. Mrrriam).
Adirondack^, New York, June
(C. U. Mrrriam).
Corpus ChriBt), Texas, Dec
(F. S. Armttrong).
J. K.Lon3,E9q.rP.l.
J.K.Lo«l,E8<i fl',1
Hudson's Bay Co.
N. A me Hca Beundarr
Comm. [r.].
J. K. Loud, Esq. [P.J.
Salvin-Oodman CoU.
Salnn-GodDian Cull.
Salyin-Godman ColL
Salvin-Qodmaii ColL
Salvin-^jodmau Coll
01. MERGAKSKK. 470
brown, the central feathers frocUed on the margin vith greyish
whit«. Total length about 2S ioches, wing iJ'7, tail 4-5, culnien
2-06, tarsus 1-77.
Hab. China (?).
The type of thia speciea is still unique : there ia no colleotor's
namo on the label, no that ibe locality is uncertain. Apparently
the bird ia a young mole ; it baa no white patch on the throat, and
in that respect resembles the young of M. gfratoi; while it ajt-
(ininches M, castor in the grey colour of tbe npper parts and the
whit« of the lower. The squamale form of the markings on the
Banks disHngutsbeB thia bird from the allied ones, but I have somo
doubts, that it may bo either an individual variety or an hybrid !
o. rf imm. sk. Ohms (?). Gould ColL (Type of species.)
5. Serganser Ben&tor.
The Red-breasted Mtrgnnwr.
IW-brewted Gooeaudfr, Edw. Nat. Hut. o/ B. i. p. 95, pi. 9-5 ( J )
(1745) (Newfoundland).
Mwrganser ciiatatus, Brui. Om. vi. p. 237, pi. iiiii. (J) (1760) ;
firimn. Om. B'ir. p. 23, nn, 84, 95 flTM).
Merganser leuco melon us, Bria*. Om. vi. p. 350 (1760).
MergKDSer niger, Brua. Ont. vi. p. 251 (1760) {rx Oemrr).
Morgue serratua, BrUnn. Om. Bar. p. 23, n. U6 (1764) ; Om. S. JV. i.
2,p. 546fj(17(«).
Meivus seirator, Linn. S. N. i. p. 208, B. 3 (176IS) ; Gm. & N. i. 2,
p. 646, n. 3 (1788) ; laA. Itid. Om. ii. p. 82il, n. 4 (1790) : id.
Traiu. Limi. Soc. iv. v. 121,1. xri.ff. 1,2 (tTKchea) (1798); IlUff.
iVorfr.p.278 (leil); Fall. Zoogr. Bo»»o-As. ii. p. 287 (1811); ■
WiU. Am. Om. viii. p. 61, pL 69 (1814) ; Tentm. Man. p. fi7»
(1816); Vieiil. K. D. xiv. pp. 221, 233 (var.) (1817) i Temm.
Man. 8nd ed. ii. p. 884 ( 1820) ; Z>i»n. IHct. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 294
(1831) i Flem. Aa. of Zool. ii. p. 261 (1822) ; Boif, Im. 1S22,
p, 664 ! J^ht. Ven. Doubl. p. 85 (1833) ; Sabint, Fnmkl. Joum.,
App. p. 702 (1823) ; Brtim, LnArb. ear. VSg. p. 855 (1824) ; Bp.
OU. WiU. n. 348 (1825} ; ia. Ann. Lye. N. T. ii. p. 307, n. 348
(1S26) ; id. ^lecch. Comp. p. 74 (1827) ; id. Syn. p. 397, n. 348
(1828); Flem. Brit. An. p. 120 (1828); Lot. Man. d'Om. ii.
p, 420 (1828) : Brthm, Isu, 1(430, p. lOUO, n, 1 ; u/. Viig. Doitteht.
p. 946(1831); Leu. Tr. d^Om. p. 635 (1831); Savi, Om. Tok.
ui. p. 120 (1831) : Sw. ^^ liich. Faun. Bm:-Am. ii. p. 462 (1831);
A^utt. Jlfflii.it. p. 48i (1834); /en. Afan. p. 240 (1835) ; Oould.B.
Eur. T. pi. 386 (1837) ; Egl. Man. Anal. p. 175, pis. 16 (anatomy),
17 (skeleton and trachea) {iaS8); Ami. Om. Biogr. v. p. 92,
pi. 401 (1838) ; id. Syn. p. 298 (1839) ; Tetnm. Man. iv. p. 556
(I&IO) (Japan) ; K.^B. Wirbelth. Eur. pp. Ixiiviii, 231 (1840) ;
Selyt-L. Fatin. Be^. l p. 147 (1842) ; MacffiU. Man. ii. p. 1D4
(1842) ; Schlfff. Sea. CrU. p. czii (1844) ; Naum. Viig. Denttchl.
iii.p. 333,Taf.S2.5(1844); Hartl Vm. Gei. JIfu*. p. 121 (1844);
O.R.Or. LUtB. Brit. Hut. p. 147 (1844); W. Grti. J.iii.p.629,
n. 2 (1844) ; IMKa;,. N. F. Zoal. ii. p. 319 (1844) ; Giraud, S.
Long ImI. p. 342 (1844) ; Bchib. Syn. At., Nalstnrea, t. 78. ff. 90-
93 (1846) ; HoCb. Fann. Oraml. p. 78 (1846) (Qreenland) ; Deal.
Om. £ur. ii. p. 480 (1840); Bigf^, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 9^,
n. 1790 (IS49) ; TVmm. j- SekUg. Faun. Jap., Ace», p. 139 (1850)
(J&iHn); SchtA. Ab. Sytt. Nat. p. ix (1852); Middend. tUU.
«Si-. ii. 2, p. 238 (1863) (Ochotak) ; Tobias, J./. 0. IBM, p. 218;
p. 442 ; Licht. Nomend. Av. p. 103 (1854) ; JloUe, J. /. O. 1855,
p. 815 (Spain) ; Fanger. ibid. p. S45i Wiett,ibid. p. 509; MUll.
J, f. 0. 1856, p. 232 (ProTence) ; Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p, 052,
n. 167(1856); JftwS. P. R. R. Rep. vi. p. 104 (1857); Baor./,
J. f. O. 1867, p. 130 (Alp^ria) ; Piiisl. J. f. O. 1857, p. 362;
Loche, Cat. M. et 0. Algir. p. 146 (1858); Baird, B. N. Am.
p. 814 (1858) ; id. Cat. N. Am. D. n. 612 (1859) ; Murr. Edinb.
N. Phii. Journ. 1859, p. 231 ; Wied, J. f. O. IWO, p. 242
(Indiana) ; Preea, J. f. 6. 1859, p. 463 ; Hdla-nd, J. /. O. W.M),
p. 305; Schrmck, Foy. jlmur-iande, p. 480(IS60) (Amoor-laiid);
Coop. ^ Sackl. A'. H. Wath. Terr. p. 2G4 (1860); Iha-yt, Ibis,
1800, p. 354 (Ionian IbI.) ; Beinh. Ibu, 1801, p. 14 (Greeulanil) ;
Couet, Pr. Acad. Philad. 1861, p. 241 (S.Uvadorl : IlinD^ J. f. O.
1861, p. 308; Gouid, B. of Gr. Brit. v. pi. 35 (pt. ii., 18(W) ;
Bhkitt. Ibit, 1862, p. 332 (Japan) ; So4», Canad. Natural., April
1862 (Mackenrie) ; ><Tr. iV. As. /»m(. ill p. 153 (1862) ; Boardm.
Pr. Boit. Soc. N. H. \\. p. 140 (1862) ; Radde, Beit. S. O.-Sibir.
ii. p. 379 (1863) ; Blakut. Rit, 1863, p. 150 (Hudson's Bav) ;
&mnk. Biii, 1863, p. 434 (Formosn) ; id. P.Z.S. 1803, p. 523
(China) ; O. R. Or. Liet BrU. B. p. 209 (1863) i -ffwffc, / /. O.
1863, p. 430, 1804, p. 191 ; Nordm. ibid. p. 779 (Finland nud
Lapland) ; Wrufhl, Aii, 1861, p. 150 ; Haiti, J.f. 0. 1865, p. 188
(nastinfir) ; Hintz, ibid. p. 242 ; Salead. ibid. p. 326 (Sardinia) ;
Ctone<, Pr. Ac. Philad. 1866, p. 37 (Fort Macon) ; Droe/e, J.f. O.
I860, p. 391 (Borkum) ; Sehleg. Mm. P.-B., Ansenis, p. 3 ( 1806) ;
Laarr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. riii. 1966, p. 208 (Long M.) (1867);
Degl. ir Gerbe, Om. Eur. ii. p. 670 (1867 1 ; Covft, Pr. Bout. Soc.
S. H. lii. p. 125 (1868) ; id. Pr. Egt. Imt. v. p. 201 (1868);
Triifr. Ibit, 1808, p. 328 (Palestine) ; Holt:, J. f. b. 1868. p. 127
(Gottblldl : Biih. 1^ Pun-- Ibid. p. 3;J1J (Llauria); Loie, J. f. O.
1869, p. 117 (Lofoten and Vostc^malua) ; Goebel, ibid. p. 320 (Areh-
64. MEBOAKSEB. 481
(Fmland) ; Teiw. Om. Faun. VoiL 3ibir. p. 72 (1877) ; id.
S«a. Soc. Zool. Fr. ii. p. 49 (1877) (E. Sibena) ; Dand * Otat.
Oit. CAine.p. 511 (1B77) ; Pijev. in Roiole/i On. Mite. iji. p. 107
(1878J (Mongolia) ; Blakiit. ^ Prycr, Ibis, 187«, p. 218 (Japon) ;
Htme ^ Marti. Game B. of Ind. lii. p. 305, pi. 20 (1882) ; HunK,
Sir. FralA. ix. pp. 268-^27^ (1880) (kurrachee) j Sclat. P. Z. S.
1880,p.531j BruadC,J./. 0. 1880, p. 250; Blakitt.^ Pryer, Tr.
At. Soc Jap. viil p. 187 (1880) ; Bidgw. Norn. iV. Atn. B. n. 637
(IKei); Bcknw. Urn. CmtratbL 1882, p. 3; id. Vog. sool. Giirl.
p, 41 (1883) ; Sair. Cat. B. Strickl. Coif. p. 641 (1882); Blakitt.
^ Fri/er, Tr. Ai. Soc. Jap. x. p. 101 (1882) (Japan uid Kurilos) ;
Coues, Otek-litt.ZDd ed. p. 117, n. 744 (1882); B. O. U. lU
Brit. B.^.l3a [mA)i Sclat. Lut Ferf-.'in.Slbed. p. 442(1883);
iloolA, Jtougk Hate*, iii. pis. 82-64 (<;, S, and pullus) (IbSS);
r««. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. viii. p. MS (1883) (Kamtschaika) ;
BarlLJ.f. 0. 1883, p. 283 (Alajka); Ifeh. CriiiM •Corwin,' p. 103
(1883): Trittr. Faun. * /Vor. of Fofeit. p. 118 (1684); Jiadde,
OmU Caucat. p. 465 (1684); B., B., ^ A H'atfr-B. N. Am. ii.
p. 116 (18S4); CoHa. Key K. Am. B. 2nd ed. p, 717, n. 744
(1884) ; Sound. YarrelTi Uva. Brit. B. iv. p. 4d4 (1884-85) ; Setb.
ni,t. Brit. B. iii. p. 629, pi. 67 (e*rK) (1885) ; Nthrt. J.f. 0. 1886,
p. 148 (Illiaole) ; Matxh. u. Zianer, J.f. O. 188C, p. 192 ; Sahad,
£1. Ucc. Itat. p. 270 (1887) ; Shufeldt, Fr. U. S. Xat. Mtu. iL
pp. 21C-230, a. 1-7, 9 (cateology) (1888) ; Hartta. J. f. O. 1889,
p. 151 (North Cape); Triilr. CW. Colt. B. p. 40 (1889J ; Steb.
B. Jap. Emp. ■p. '25S l\S90) i Bchnw. J. f. O. 1890, p. 85; Brandt,
J. f. O. 18&1, p, 269 (Sitka) ; Hartrrt, Kat. Vi-gdaammt. p. 324
(1891)1 Shnrpr, Cat. OUcol. Spceim. R. C. S. HI p. 311 (1891);
LSford, Col. Fig. Brit. B. pt. xii. pi. — (1892); DiiboU, Fam.
Vert. Belg., Ott. ii. p. 618, pi. 275 (1893); WnUrtigr. J. f. O.
1693, p. 166 (Stceden) ; a^idaika, Om. M(maltb. ill. pp. 53-58
(E. Prueaial (1885),
Moi^iu albeUus, Sei^. <n« Linn.) Ann. i. Htti. Nat. n. 89 (1769).
Merganser longiroaWr criBtalua, Gerini, Stor. di^li Per, t, t. Vis.. ( d }
(1776).
EBd-breasted Merganser. Fern. Brit. Zool. ii. n. 361, t. 93 (1776) ;
id. Aret. Zool. ii. p. f.S7, d. 406 (1785) ; LalA. Syn. iii. 1^ p. 423,
a. 3 (1786).
Harle hupp*, VAuimt. PL EnL 207 (cJ); Bi^. Hist. Nat. Oil.
viii. p, 2,3(1781).
Ilarle ft inanteau nujr. Buff. Hist. Nat. Oi*. liii. p. 277 (1781).
Mnctu \e<KoiaAaA,Om.S. N. \. 2, p. &46,S (1<88); Bnthm. Jiit,
iSaO, p. 1000, n. 2 ; «i. rny. DruUchl. p. 047 (1831) ; id. Vogtlf.
p. 3»0 (1856).
MerKiw iuge», Gm. S. jV. i. 2, p. 546, y (1788).
MenrBiuer aemtor, Schaffer, Miu. Om. p. 6(1, n. 211, t. 44 (1789) ;
Bomt. Enc. MHh. i. p. 102, pi. 27. f. 1 (5) (1700); Bp. Cbmp.
iMt, p. 69, n. 434 (Europe), n. 400 (N. America) (1838) ; id. Cat.
Met. Vcc. Eur. a. 75 (1842) ; MacsfiU. Hi»t. Brit. B. y. p. 216
(1862) ; Sely», Aifrto Belff. i. p. 277 (1873) ; Tumtr, Auk, 1885,
p. 168 (Alaska) ; Sttjn. BuU. U.S. Nat. Mum. no. 20, p. 178 (1886)
(Bering I.) : Tunun-. Contr. N. U. Alaika, p. 131 (18811); A. O. U.
CKeek-litl N. Am. B. p. 114, n. 130 (1880) i Ndton, Omtr. Nat.
Hilt. Coll. iHAla»ka,p.mi\SSi)i Bidyw. Man. N.Am.B.^.m,
11.130(1887); HatKk,B.ofMinaes.v.:i-^{MSi.)-i)i Mackay.Auk,
1894, p. 226.
MiTgaoser digw, Bonn. Enc. Mttk. \. p, 104 (1700).
t. xxvii. 2 1
MsrgiiMer eruUtoa. Ztaek. Sgtf. Cat. JT. ^ B. Br. Mm. p. SB (1S16).
Mergaaatt Mnau, fXnk. Gf^ Zooi. xii. ^. p. \W> |1b^4|.
3f«vm semtiw, SamA. Ibui, l^i, p. 63 (.VmoT), 1861. p. aU
(y. CTiinft).
VcTfnu cutor, fiof^ (mc Imoi.), Sir. Featk. c. p. 323 (Sindli)
(I (-77).
Adult male. Head and apper part of Ch« Det^k block, with a gTCen
gloM OD the posterior half, the featfaten of the crown and orcipnt
dongattd ; middle ot neck all round white, eicept a aairow line of
black descending from Che occipnt to the upper part of the back,
which, with the acapniara, u alko black ; a narrow portion of the
upper back reddiah brown marked with black ; lower back, rump,
and npper tail-roverta finely vermiculated with grey and black,
Innger npper tuil-covertd brown, nearly unifonn : upper part of the
brc'aat pale reddish brown, marked with blackish brown ; on the
sides of the breast a conspicnoos patch of feathers black, with the
central part white; sides and flacks grey, nodulated with black ;
lower breast, abdomen, and nndeT tail-covcrts pale delicate reddish
bnff, which fades to white soon after death ; mai^nal wing-coverta
brown, with pale edgings, the central ones white ; greater wiug-
coverta broadly white on the apical half, the basal half black ;
primaries, primary-corertg, and outer secondaries brown-black ; inner
accondariea white, with the base block ; tertiols white, edged with
black on the outer web ; on the white patch of the wing two oblique
black bands formed by the bases of the greater coverts and of the
secondaries ; axillaries and under wing-coverts white, but the mar-
ginal ones of the latter more or leas brown, edged with white ; ttul
hrown-grcy, the outer feathers undulated with white and grey on
the outer web : bill bright vermilion, with the unguis black, the
ridge of the upper mandible dusky; iria bright red; feet bright
vermilion. Total length about :J2 inches, wing lO'l, tail 4, culmi
64. MEBOAHSER.
4S3 1
Young in down are dark brown on the upper parts, shading into H
reddish hrown on the head, and iTito chestnut on the sides of tho H
neck ; a white patch on each wing, one on each side of the upper ^|
baok, and one ou each side of the rump ; uuderpart« pure whit«. and ^M
lores white, moTf^incd aboro aud bi-low with dark brown (Seebokm). ^M
Hah. Northern portion of Northern Hemisphere, breeding north- ^|
iraid, Bouth in winter to the baain of the Mediterranean, tho Black ^|
Sea, the Caspian, China and Japan iu the Palmarotio K^on, and to H
the Cnit^d 8tates in America. B
o, b. Pull. St.
E e. Pull. Hk.
1 d. dad.ek.
... C(JiuT.]sk.
Ji^ (jBd.etiuv.
Jl,iV Pall.sL
^M. cf imm-st.
Orkneys.
Orkneys (J. ff. Dunn).
Loch Steniiiiiii>e, Urknevs,
April (if. j:i:.f.
Stronmess, Orkneys, April
{H.J.E.).
Great Britain.
Purchased.
Hargitt Coll.
II. J. Elwes, Em.
[P.]. ^
a J. Elwes, Esq.
Old Coll.
Great Britaio.
North Uist.
Purehased.
T. Walker, Esq.
[P.].
B^v. II. A. Mftc-
pherson [P.].
Purcha-ied.
Purchased.
Seebohm Coll.
BaroQ A. Toa Hiigel
[P.].
Montagu Coll.
Shelley Coll.
CanoQ Tristram [P.].
W. D. Cummiug,
Seebohm Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
<S W. tf 2 ail. Bt.
T,y,x. 6 juv. ot
full. St.
, V. (f juv.ak.
V, c*. ,} $ ad. sk.
Colboat, Island of Slije,
July.
Scotland.
Englaad.
Beccles, Suffolk, Dec.
Poole Harbour, Dorset,
Noir.
GlouceateiBhire.
Tantriers {Olcene).
R. Kishon, Pitlestine.
Jask, Persian Gulf.
«r. 2 ad. 8k.
«■- 9 ^- slf.
/. 9 ad. 8k.
y". Imra. sk.
k!,r. rf2ad. ck.
L *■. WingH only.
1 t. Sad sk,«
Yon-e-say, E. Siberia, lat.
6Ci°,Jane(/f. S,),
Kurrachee {Major Yerbury).
Manorah, Sind, Oct. (Co;.;.
BUhop).
Fokien, China.
Amoy, China, Feb., Dec.
(R. Smmhoe).
Amoy, China (R. Swinioe).
Amoy, China, Dec.
m', n'. $ ad. sk.
»',^,?'. S^ ad.
f'. djnv.sk.
*■. rfjValc.
Gould Coll.
Seebohm CoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. Saunders, Esq.
[P,].
A. G. WUday, Esq.
Seebohm CoU.
F. Rirnrer, Esq. [P.].
e. cfjuv. sk.
namUton Island, Coren.
K', !>•. rf 2 ad. «k.
«/. *'. (? 9 a,l.
y,«'! <f8d.9k.
«•', i". 2 Bd. et
rfjuT.ric
ITakodadi, .lapan (BhkUton).
Nftgaaaki, Japan, March.
Natfasaki, Japan, Feb. {S.
Bergman).
Si2
d". $«d.»k.
f". (T «A. ek.
/", cTjuv, sk.
imm., 2 juv. et
»". d «d. 8k.
OkinawashimEi, Feb. (P. A,
IloUt).
Vancouver laUnd.
Vancouver Island.
Straite of San Juan dc Fnca,
MftTch.
British Columbia.
Frn^er RiTur, Brit. Ckilnmbia.
Kotzebue Sound.
Stewart's bland, Ak^a,
June (-B. W. XrUon).
St. MicliRel'a, Alaska, June-
Aug. (£. W. y.).
Fort Simpson.
Canada.
Secbohm Coll.
J. K. Lord.Esq.rP.l
J. Wood, F^. IP.I
Dr. Lval] [P.],
Capt. Kellett [P.].
Safvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
B. R. Ross, Esq.
[P.]. ^
Hudson Bay Co.
f". SiuT. ak.
/',y». (Jad.Bk.
*'. (J ju»- Bk.
f-n'. S ad. et <J
o\ (J nd. ak.
Repulse Hay.
Musquash Cure, New Bruns-
wick, April (if. E.
MassachuEetta.
Nantucket, Uaawchusetta,
Jan. (ff. W. Uemkaw).
Wood'a Hole, Massachusetts,
July (6' H. lUfrriam).
Corpus Christi, Texas, Jan.,
Ocl., Dec. {F. B. An,^-
ttrong).
Greenland.
Greenland.
SaTin-OodmauColl.
Salvin-GodmMi CoIL
ti4. MBKaAXSER,
485
Oieb. Tket. OrtL ii. p. 609 (1875) ; v. Hiiod, Ibis, 187B, p. S93 ;
Bulla; Man. JV. Z. Birdt, p. 73 (1862); td. Hift. B. Neui Zeal.
find ed. ii. p. 279 (1888) ; JIulkr. Trant. JV. Z. In*f. xxv. 1893,
p, 88 (joung in down) (189.?).
" I aueklaudica, part., G. R. Gr. Oen. B. iit. p. 627 (1844);
' " "-■■' "- --i-p. 101 (pwt.) (1814).
id. Litt B. Bril. Mu». i
. Head and iicek brown, with a rufous tinge on the throat
and lowor neck ; feathers of the occiput rather long and narrow ;
Upper porta, breast, and flanks dark grey; feathers of the lower
partd dark grey, those of ibe breaflt with whitiah edges, which
become broader on the abdomen and under t«il-coverta ; a whito
apeoulum on the wings, formed by a subapical white band on the
greater wing-coverts and by the mt-dian port of the outer web of
the inner seoondaries ; inner under wing-coverts and iujier second-
ariea underneath edged with white ; axillaries white ; quills and
tail-feathers blackish grey : " bill reddish brown, chauging to black
on the culmen and at the ti]m of both mandibles ; legs and feet
reddish brown "(^"''"■)- Total length about 19 inches, wing 7 -25,
tail 3-5, culmen 2-45, tarsus 1-4 {Paris Museum).
Yoaiu/ in down. " It is covered with thick, long, and somewhat
gloBsy down. Tbe upper part and sides of the bead, the hind neck,
and the entire upper surface and sides of the body dark olive-brown ;
throat and fore neck, and spot under each eye, bright rufous, fading
away towards the breast ; under Burface ytillowiah white ; wings
dark olivo-browu, marked along the outer edge nod longitudinally
on the under surface with yellowish white. Jiill very dark olive,
■haded with brown on the ridge, the terminal shield on both
mandibles reddish broun, with a polished surface ; legs and feet
dull olive-brown, paler on the toee, the iutenligital wcba datker,
and the claws yellowish brown." {Biilltr.)
A specimen in the Cambridge Uiiseum and a second in the British
Museum, considered by Buller to be mole and female, have both a
Gonspieuous crest and cresceiitio grev and white markings on the
breast i these markings I tnke to bo diHtinctivo of the adult bird.
Two specimens in the Tring Museum, marked mule and female,
have no crescentic markings on tbe breast, shorter crest, and tht
middle of the lower breast and abdomen conspicuously whit«, with
Tery few dusky moltlings ; these I take to be immaturt birdg.
ilab. Aucklands.
Auckland I,, Dec.
'. Hiigei [!'.].
7. Merganser brasilianns.
Merpu oetosetneeu-s I'lViW. JV. Zt. liv. p. 222(1817) (Brazil) ; Dmn.
out. Se. Nat. xx. p. 290 (1821) ; Banz. EUm. di Zool. iii. pt. ix.
p. 151 (note) (18Sti) ; iklat. $ 8alp. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 409 ; Sdat.
P. Z. S. 1880, p. 532 ; B., S.. * B. Water-B. JV. Xm. n. p. ISO
(n.ito) (1881) ; Schiiff, J.f. 0. 1888, pp. 6, 7.
MergUB octosetiDlus, Viali. Ene. MHh. \. p, 361, pi. 236. f. 8 (IflBS).
Mcigus fuscua, Lkht. (n« Lath.) Ven. DouU. p. 85, n. 901 {^)
n« 002 f?) (1823) (Snn l-aulo, Bnml); G. Jt. Gr. Gen. B.
App. p. 28 (le^fl).
Mmvui brwilianus, ViriU. Gal. det Oi». ii. p. 209. pi. SST (1S55) • ;
Z««. Tr. iOm. p. 635, n. 3 |1p>31) : tV. Conp/. i/r Buf., Oit. is.
p, 537 (1837); i^op. ^iV. 2nd ed. p. 722 (iN*); £vf. Mon. Aiial.
p. 176 (l&SH) ; Ap. Comyif. £nu/. ilui. p. 652, D. i:0(18d6): £yt.
«iffl. ^nof. p. 13rj(1eGi»).
Herfpu octwelaliu-, fiou, /*u, 1828, p. 980.
Meigiu brawlifnriif, G. R. Gr. Gen. A. ilL p. C34, n. 4 (1&44): id.
w. ci>. App. p. 2S (IMft); Lidit. A'cmtnd. Ar. p. lO^i (1854):
AiwerM, p. 0 (leflC); ftfa. Or». firo*. p. 322 (Rio lMran5),
'", Ux (1870); G. R. Gr. Band-Iitt, iii. p. iX>. n. 10732
trm. imtt. Ueberi. iii. p. 441 (IS^); Sci/eg. Mirt. P.-B.,
" : ftfa. r •• "-^ — '
Pp- ■ . ' . "
(iWl)i Selat. ^ Salv. Knm^d. Ab. Ni-utrop. p. 131 (lf73);
ttrrl. J. f. O. 1874, p. 281 (Santa Cdtliarina) ; GiVi. Tke$. Om. ii.
p. WO (\h-T)).
Mefu"" lijphotcs, (Vn. Mvs. Fari» ; Pucker. Rrr. et Hag. At Zool.
IWiO, p. am (s M. octOHttelus = M. brneili&Due) ; Ha'rft. J. f. O.
Wm, p, 420.
MurgUR octoaetosuR (trrore ?), Bp. Compt. Bend, xliii. p. &)3, in i>yti.
M: bowiliaiii (185(1); tk-Ueyel, I. c. ; G. R. Gr. ffand-M, ic. ;
Giebet, I. c.
Pri"h'r brasilianus, Seine 4" Rchnw, A'( m. Attn. Ilein. Orn. p. 350
(1800).
Advil male. Head and upper part of the neck gloasy black, with
R grccu liutre ; anterior lowtr part of the sei'k, sides of the
hreoBt, and flanks grey, minutely dotted and waved with whitish ;
upper bock, rnmp, upjier tail-coverts, and scapulars glosny brown-
black ; breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts barred acroRS with
white and brown-black, the bars on the under tail-coverts narrowi-r ;
ndnga brown-black, the middle wing-coverta lighter or greyish
towarda the tip ; Apecutum on the wing white, formed by the apical
half of the greater wing-coverts and of the secondaries, crossed by
Ii4.
487
black haae of the quills : smaller upp«r wlng-cuverta (except tlie
amallcst) tiagod with whitish grey on the outer web ; throat and
the whole of the fore neck to the breast blackish, the feathers with
broadish whitish tips, so that the throat ia particular appears very
light; rcmaiuder of the undur surface whit«, all the feathers crossed
with blackish bands, almost OTanesceut on the middle of the breast
and abdomen ; under wing-coverts blackish, edged with white ;
under lail-eorerts blackijth, finely dott«d with white-grey; tail-
feathers partly blaek-brown ; feet and tnrsus brown ; upper mau-
diblo blackish; lower mandible paler." {Berle/aeh.)
Bab. South-eastern Brazil,
K Ad. St.
». $ »L sk.
Ytarare, Brazil, Aug. {Xallerer).
APPENDIX.
CoDtaining references to doubtful species of Anteret, which have
not yet been identified.
1. AaiB iLEUHDBIKA.
Anas coUaribus albia, Fomk. DtKr. An. p. Ti, n. 8 (1""5) {=Saii
Sarai).
Anas, Forth, cp. cU. p, 3, n. 8 (]77e).
Anas alexaudrina, Gm. S. A', i. 2, p. 542, n. 121 (1788) (ej- FortkUl,
Deter. ^H. p. 3, n. 8); Lath. Ind. Orn. i\. p. 877, n. lU(17tlO);
T'ifill. N. n. V. p. 138 (1810) : Dum. Diet. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 3U4
(1817) ; Stejih. Gen. Xool. :iii. 2,p. 112 (1824).
Adas mu mrai, Bonn. Enc. Milk. i. p. 163 (1791).
"Bostrum totum uii^um; coUum cinereum, semicirculis albis;
abdomen albidnm, immaculatum ; nropygium Bubtua nigrum ; pcdea
cinoreo-flavi, membrana natatoria Cosca." {Fortkitl.)
Locut. Alexandrin.
Perhaps the male of ChauUltumva Hreperus,
2. Axis ARABICS.
Anas grigea, Fortk. Doer. An. p. vi, n. 7 (1775) (=Sciu- cliir).
AnM, Fortk: op. ci/.. p. 3, n. 7 (1776).
4. A HAS BlBISUiTA.
I. Obi. ZooL p. 143 (1804).
a. Arab bobealib.
GuIauim] Duck, Perm. Ant. Zoo!, ii. p. 072 (1785) (Iceland) ; Lath.
i. 2,p.40fi.n. 25(1786).
* bofcalia. Gin. 8. N. i. 3, p. 512, n. 69 (Iceland) (1788) ; Latk.
Ind. Om. ii. p. 843, n. 30 (1(90) ; iSteph. Oen. Zool. lii. 2, p. IDS
(1834).
Anser borealia, Bonn. Enc. Mith. i. p. 122 (1790); Fieill. N. D.
--■■■ 138(1818].
Probably the same as l^omatfr
■toU!gs>
Anas cnuR, La:/!r (vrc Gm.), Erdelyi Muz. Egilit £rkonytvi
■)■
" Size of A. querqufdiila, but more plumpj and tho bead broader
head, ueck, and upper parts of a grey colour (like Ibat of the Wild
Dove); the breaet, abdomen, and the under surface of the wings
mow- white ; gjKCtibim grffn ; bill and feet blaiik."
Hab. Coromandei and TranBjlTaiiia(!).
UesBr^i. Daiiford and Harvie Drowu (I.e.) think that tbe bird
deeeribed by haiAl may have been Anas marmorata, but tho green
speculum b against aucb identification.
7. Akah CHI no a kes bib.
Anaa chinganpHBis, Schjifrcfi, ' Jiumii/a dai/nai/o voilota ' {Zajiiski of
Ihr hiiji. Hunt. Geoffr. Hoc. St. i'eier^. \ol. jdv. 1886) {rf. Ibis,
1887, p. 264) (de«.T. nulla).
', Sonncr. f 'oy. a
8. Arab dohcticana.
Canard DoDiiniquain du Cap de Bonne Ecp^ra
Ind. ii. p. 221 (1782).
Dominican Duck, Lath. Syn. iii. 2, p. 625, n. 70 (1785).
Abivb doniinicBna, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 536, n. 109 (1788) ; Lath. Ind.
O™. ii.p. 859, n. 06(1790); Bonn. Enc. Mltk. i. p. 133(1790);
; -Oum. IXi^t. Sc. Kat. ■"
2, p. 100 (1824).
" Size of the Wild Duck ; beak black ; the face and throat are
irbite; from the beak, passing through Ibe eye, is a hluck streak,
ending in an angle behind ; tbe hind port of the head, the neck,
and the breast black ; the baci and lesser wing-coverts are of a
deep aihy grey, barred with two bands of very pale grey ; the belly
and vent are pale grey ; the legs are black.
" Inhabits the Cape of Good Hope." {Supheta.)
Anas fusca (Teal), Ell'nan {nee Linn.), Xool. 18lil, p. 7-171 ; G. R. Or.
i5M, 1862, p. 241 (notej.
tiah. New Zealand.
10. AkAS FUSCESCBNa.
Brown Duck, Penn. Arct. Zool. ii. p. tiij!), n. iilO (Newfoundl&nd)
(1785) ; Lath. ^. jii. -2, p. 480, n. 39 (irtW).
Anas toacexettB, Gin. S. N. i. 2, p. S&i, n. 104 (1788) ; Lath. Ind.
Om.u.p.»49,n. 40 (171)0); rieill. X. D. y. p. 10<J(iei(i); Hum.
Diet. Sc. Nat. vi. p. 386 (1817); SUph. Gen. Zool. xii. 2, p. lOU
(1824); jtferr. in Enthu. Grub. Eneyd. eect i. vol ixiv. p. 37
(1841); Gwfi. Thfs. Urn. i. p. 352 (1872).
"Length IG iuches; beak large, stout at iU basp, bluish, with
its tip black; the noatrils are placed near the end (!); the beud
and Tieck are very palo brown ; the lower part of the last, and the
breast the same ; tho feathers edged with fermginous ; the wings
a»\).j grey ; the speculum blue, tipped with white ; the tail and legs
" Inhabits Newfoundland." {Stephfnt.)
II. ASAB HIKA.
Anns cbinensis, Otbrck, Vin/. ii. p. 33.
Hina Teal, Lath. Syn. m. 3, p. 658, n. 98 (China) (1785).
Anashina, Gm. S.X.i.2, p. 523, n. 93 (1788) (cj: LatAam): Lath.
Ind. On. ii. p. 876, n. 109 (1790) ; Bonn. Enc. Mith. i. p. 108
(1791); Vieitl. N. D. v. p. 120 (1816) ; Dum. Diet. Sc. Kal. vi.
p. 306 (1817).
Querqnedula hina,&'(epA. Gen. Zool. xii. 3, p. 152 (18S4) (a doubtful
speciea); G. R. fir. Gen. II. iii. p. til6, a. 11 (ls4.>) ; Up. Compt.
491
AiiM cmdlni, Lath. Znd. Om. il. p. 876, n. Ill (1790) ('=luii^i
S. G. Gin.) i id. &,n. Sappl. ii. p. 356, n, 20 (1801) ; VitilL N. U.
T. p. 171 (1816).
FulignU prmelinL. Strph. Gen. Zool. iji. 3, p. 209 (1834).
Anas lucida, " Gin." (eiroiv), Git&. Tht». Ora. i. p. 368, in lyn,
A. nrrocaj(1873).
*' Anaa nigra, capite spadicoo, pectore lineis rabris traasrereis ;
I Creeca maior.
" hall, in Man Caspio et relltjua Rusaia austral!."
Perhape the same as Nyroea ferina or N, afrieana.
14. Anas uEDiTBBBANiu.
Anae mediterraoeft (MouDWin Teal), EUman, Z<mIoii. 1861, p. 7471
(New Zealand ?) ; U. Ji. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 341 (note).
fieiggans, Koibt, Vorg. 1', p. 139.
Mountain Gooee, Lath- Sun. iii. 3, p. 458, n. 20 (1765).
Anas montona, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. filO, n. 65 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Om.
ii. p. 841, p. 35 (1790).
Ausur nonUuius, Bonn. £nc. Mith. i. p. 123, n. 32 (1790) ; rUill N.
D. xiiii. p. 343 (1818); Dnm-mt, Diet. Sc. Nat. xxsr. p. 467
(182.5).
AoBer montAnn, SUph. Gtn. Zool. lii. 2, p. 37 (1824).
Chennlopex nKuitwiiia, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 005, n. 3 (1846).
" Size larger than the Tiiine Ooose. The wvng-feathera and those
of the head of a bright red, shining green.
"Inhabits the Capo of Good Hope, where it keeps mostly on the
hills, and feeds on grass and herbs." {Latham es Kolbt.)
Doubtfully identified hy Bonaparte ((iimpt. Ueud. sliii. p. 64!l)
with Chenalopej: (rgyptinrug, but more likely = Caaarea tana j and
), the original description C[uite wrong.
ll). ASAS SILOTICA.
Anas niloticB. Hatml-/. Ilpt, p, .T0.5, n. 36 (1757) ; id. Srite (ed. Linn.),
p. 31B, D. 36 (1762) ; Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 508, □. U2 {1788} ; Lath.
Ind. Om. u. p. 846, n- 38 (1790) ; Bonn. Enc. Mith. i. p. 133
(1790); Finia. N. D. v. p. 130 (1716); Ikim. Diet. Se. Nat. vi,
p. 349 (1817).
Nilotic Duck, Lath. Swt. iii
Curina nilotica, Htcph. Oeii
Perhaps the same as Chenai
Anns Tiridi-rUoQibeft, Forik. Deter. Aiii
{=SirRair).
AuM, Fortk. op. cit. p. 3, n. 11 (\7'b).
Anfw sirsair, Gm. 8. N. i. 2, p. 542, n. 123 (1788) {tr Fortk. tt. ec.) ;
Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p, 877, n. 116 (1790); Bom. Enc. Mith. i.
p. 149 (1700) ; VieiU. N. D. \. p. IGo (1816) ; Dura. Diet. Sc. Nat.
Ti. p. 394 (1817); Slepk. Gen. Zoal.iM. 2, p. Ill (1824); ? Ttch.
J.f. 0. 1856, p. 160 (Rurik).
IJah. Arabia.
UoBt probably the femalo of Nettion creera.
18. Ahib Bp.
CimaHl k civte roujrc, Cook, 2nd Vou. (Now Zualond) ; cf, VteilL
N. D. T. p. Ill (1816).
19. Akas sp.
Teal (with red on the wing), Traven, Tr. New Zeal. Iiut. i. p. 178
(Chftthain iBlands) (18(19) ; 3ud ed, p. 125 (1876).
Quei^uedula Bp„ Fin»eh, J.f. 0. 1870, p. :m.
Ansa 8p.P, Sutton, Ibis, 1872, p. 247 (Ohathtim lalands) ; Finach, J.
f. 0. 1874, p. 223.
20. Ahab iorrida.
BranU torridft, Seop. Ann. i. Hist. Nat. p. 68, a, 66 (1769).
Anaa lomdii, Om. S. N. i. 2, p. 51t^ n. 75 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Om.
ii. p. 846, D. 33 (1790); Bonn. Enc. Mith. i. p. 153 (17911;
Bfchtt. Om. Tagehmb. ii. p. 454, n. 37 (1803) ; Dam. Did. Sc.
Nat. yi. p. 380 (1817).
According to Bcchstein, probably a hybrid between a Common
Buck and Cairina moichata.
34. UEseDS c^RiTLKcs.
White-faced Duck, Lath. Syn. iii. 2, p. 50J, n. 50 a (1785).
Blue Meigansur, Peim. Aret. Znol. ii. Sujipl. p. 74 {Hudson's Say)
(1767).
Mergus cieruleus, Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 8a^, n. 10 (17001; Dvm.
Oct. Sc. Nnt. II. p. 297 (1821) ; O. R. Gr. Gat. B. iii. p. 629,
n.7(P) (1844).
Mereatiser taeruleue, Steph. Gen. Zool. rii. 2, p. 171 (1824) ; Bp.
Comft. Bead, iliii. p. O-J.j (p) (ISoti).
25. Mergus cbistatub.
Mergua crislAtus, Pall, (nee Bruu.) Zoogr. Rotto-At. ii. p. 201 (I6I1)
(Ins. Ocean! OrientaliB); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. Ui. p. 629, n. C(P)
(1844): Brandt,J./. 0.imi,f.-2m.
Morg-119 serrator a. paUaaii, Bp. Cumpt. Rend, iliii. p. 652 (1856).
A species incompletely deacribed, posaibly idontical with Lo[iho-
difta cucultattu {cf. Brandt, I. c).
26. UcBsra uipbbialis.
Anitra imperiale, Cetit, Ucr. di Sard. p. 314 (1776) (Sardinia).
Metgus iniperialis, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 647, n. 4 (1788) (er Cetti) ;
Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 83ft, n. 3 (1790) ; VieiU. X. D. liv. p. 222
(1817) (=albeUus P) ; Baux. Elan, di Zool. iii. pt. ii. p. 151 (note)
(1826) ; G. B. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 629, n, 6(?) (1844).
UeTganaetiinveiiiiiis,Bmn.Enc.Mfth. i. p. 106 (1700); SUph. Oen.
Zool. iii. 2, p. 170 (1824) ; Bp. Conipt. Bend, iliil. p. 652 (P)
(1856).
The description of the bill given by Cetti, in my opinion, is that
of a Goose, and most probably of Aitter ferm.
21. Mehcos IflOKlCOLLia,
Mergua nigricollia, BeeUi. Om. Taschenh. ii. p. 403 (1S03).
23, CEdemu ap.
•», 1884, p. 167 (Eitract,
OidemJa, ap.P, Boeck, MT. om. Ver. I
p. 2.S) (Cochabamba, Bolivia).
" Einf brmig scbwari. Schnabel gdb,
(Boeek).
"Fast jihnliche Zeichnung wie Dafila npinicaudn, aber aoeg^
seicbnet durch zwei lebhaft rothc Fleckon auf den Wangen, doea
orange-golbcn Schnabel, niit achwanem First. Fiisse roth " (Botdc),
i braan. Sohr selten "
29.
limauBDDLA Bp.
I
30. Cahakd issQiList.
Cuianl innomind, fcmelle, Lee». Descr. Mamm. H Om. p. £47 (1M7).
I'oesibly tbo same as NtttUin JlaviTostrt,
Order XX. CRYPTDRI.
Tinamons bave a superficial reacmblaDce to Partridges. Their
bill, usually elongated, is as long as, or shorter than, the head ; the
culmen is nearly etraigbt or slightly cnrred, flattened and covered
at the base vith a membrane or cere, which also envelops the
nasal grooves ; the nostrils are large, basal, or even open in the
anterior half of the bill ; the wings short, concave, rounded, and
quint o-cubital ; the tail short, constantly pendent, and generally
hidden by the upper tail-coverts ; tarsi moderate and shielded in
iix>nt, or entirely covered with hexagonal scales ; the toes are mostly
ibnr, but sometimes only three; when present, the hind toe is
articnlated higher than the anterior ones. Powder-down patches
are present among the feathers, and these in some have aftershofts.
TinamouB have a small head and slender neck, clothed with very
abort feathers ; the plumage is generally inconspicuous ; some tint
of brown, ranging from rufous to sTaty, and often more or less
closely barred with a darker shade of black, or even with pale bnfT,
is the prevailing coloraliot).
The newly batched cMcka, nidifngons or praeoett, are covered
witb down, and mote or less closely resemble the young of some of
the Ratita.
The male takes on himself the duty of incubation.
The ^ga are very remarkable, curiously unlike those of other
birds, and the shell looks like highly burnished metal or glazed
porcelain, preMUting also various colours, which soem to be constant
ticular species, ranging from i
CRTPTDBJ. 495
tliat tho TinaiBoua formed a very distinct group of birds, which,
though not to be removed from tho Cai-inaUr, presented much
resemblance to the ffaiitir. il. Alix aJao hns, from an inde-
pendent JavestigBlion of the osteology and myology of Noihura
major, come to TirtuiUly tho ssme conclusion (Joum. de Zool. iii.
pp. 1G9 and 252, pis. -riii.-xi.). (A. Newton.)
Dr. Stejneger (Kingal. Stund. Nat. Hist. iv. (Birds) p. 51, 1885)
has emphasized the many Struthious characters of the Tinamous.
Ur. Seebobm (Class. B. p. 43) says that " tho Tinamous appear
to form a link between the Gallinrr and the Apterygea. The ster-
Biim is quite unii[ue, but it approaches nearest to that of the OaUinm
and is as far as possible from that of the if a 'if t^. In their pterj'losis
the Tinamous are Galline, and not in the least Struthionine. On
the other hand, tho pelvis and the palut-e have certain oharocteristica
vhich are only to be found in the St ru t hi on i formes."
Mr. E. B. Sharpe in 1891 ('Review of Recent Attempts to Classify
Birds ') agrees with Secbohm's class ificat ion, and places the Tinamous
after the RaliUe at the beginning of the Curinattf, just before the
Oalliforvie*.
One year later. Dr. Gadow (P. Z. S. 1892, p. 243) placed the
CrypUiriformf», as he calls the Tinamous, immediately after the
Aitteriformea and before the Galli/orrues, giring the following
diagnosis:^
" Neotrnpical. Nidifugona. Phytophagous.
" Schizognathons. Vomer fused ivith bones of palate. (Unii/ue.)
" Basiptcr}'goid proeoases present.
" Rhamphothoca compound. Narcs impervious. Holorhinal.
" Bt«rnum with very slender and long mesostornum and simple
posterior lateral processes. Proconicoid process rudimentary.
" With incisura ischiadicii.
" Hypotarsus simple.
" Flexors of type II.
" Neck with lateral aptcria.
" Aftershaft rudimentary.
" Oil-gland tufted. Quinto-cubil^d.
" Ten jirimaries.
" PlagiocoDlous, tj-pe V. Cajca large. Crop globular."
In a more recent work (Bronn's ' Klassen und Ordnungen dee
Thier-Rcichs,' vi. Viigel, p. 160) Dr. Oadow defines very shortly tho
Tinamifoniitt as Kidifugous Carinatffi with incisura ischiadica and
without pygostjle. and places them between the Fakotii formes (I)
and the Uallifonna.
Only one family.
I
1
Family TINAMID^E.
Ket/ to ike Oenera.
a. With ft hind toe. (Tinamina.)
a'. Tail-feathers teu, hidden hy the upper tail-
coverts,
a". Hind upect of the tarsus roii|;h.
a'". Scales of tho hiod aspect of the tarsus
with the upper margin promineDt ; toes
short ]. Tmautb, p. 49tj.
b'". Scales of the hind aspect of the tataus
not prominant on the upper margin; [p. 609.
ti>eB, eepeciallv the middle one, Innj^ . . 3. Nothocebcus,
b". Hind aspect of the tarsus smooth 3. CBYPTtrauB,
('. Tul'faathera rudlmantarf, mixed with the [p. 514.
upper tail-coverts.
«". nil nther long, curved and tapering to a
e"'. Hind toe rather long ; primaries uniform [p. -^j?.
rufous 4. Rhynchotu.i,
i". Hind toe short ; primaries not unifonn [p. 550.
rufous S. NOTHOPBOCTA,
d". Bill rather short, almost straight, not
grkduall; tapering to a point, but more bent
at die tip.
«'". Up^r tail-coverta not verj long; sexes
similar 6. NoTHtrnA, p. 558.
/". Upper tul-coverts of the male extremal; fp. 564.
long and abundant 7. Taoniscus,
b. Hind toe wanting. {Tinamotidina.) [p. c
1.
407
Kti/ to ihe Speciet ".
«, Geaend oolour very dwlt, olive ami alaty
bUck; breSBt slatf greji upper piul uf Uie
head black. Size very large tao, p. i97.
b. Qeneral ciilour of the upper parts olive, more
or lesa hrown ; breast not slaty grey.
4'. Wiogg mote tbao 8 inehea,
6", Upper part of head black, with no
chestnut-brown colour.
J'". Pri mwies, primary-coverts, and baslard-
wing- greyish rohitilut, p. 500.
c'". Pri marie*. primary-coverts, and bastard-
■wing blackish ftunpeimtt, p. 500.
c". Upper part of head not entirely black,
(f ". Upper part of head olive-brown ; two
longitudinal rufona-buff bands on the
sides of the nape sniilariui, p. 501.
«"'. tipper part of the head partly or
entirely rufous-brown or cbeatnut
e'. Occipital civst of pendent feathers
more or less distincL
e'. Sides of the head bright rufous
or conspicuously rufesceot; ear-
CovBrta rufous major, p. 602.
_fK Sideaof the bead dusky or blackish;
ear-coverts blackish.
_f'. Slate-grey colour of the upper
Siart of the head confined to the
i>rehead lubcritlatui, p. 504.
i/'. Slate-black colour of the upper
part of the head extended oil
over the anterior half latifroni, p. 606.
/■'. No distinct occipital crest.
g'. Sides of the bend distinctly ru-
fous : upper part of the head
uniform brigbtrufousorcinnamon. ruficfpi, p. 500
h'. Sides of the bead not dii^tinctly
rufous ; upper part of the bead
deep cbestnut, blackish on the
forehead in some specimeos .... castaneierpt p, 507.
Wio^ 8 incbeH, conspicuously spotted with
whitish bulF; size rather small ; upper
part of the bead blackish ffvtlatut, p. 508.
I. Ti&amna too.
Tinamua tao, Temm. Pig. ft Gailin. iii. pp. 509, 749 (Pari, Brazil)
(1815) ; fitepA. Gen. Zool. xi. 2, p. 408 (1819) ; G. R. Gr. Gen. IS.
iii. p. mi, n. 1 (eul. svn.) {1844J ; B^. Compl. Send. ilii. p. B81,
lamnot aware of CabaniiihaTiDgijeecribM] ■ Rpeciea of Tina
I
() ; a. It. Or. Lift GalUna Brit. Mut. p. 96
dz.C " ™'
., . ); i
(1871); Selat. ^ Salv. Km.
GuunB, Veneiuela. Columbia) (187S) ; Gieb. Thei. Om. iii. p. G38
(eicl. BjnO (1877); SchUff. Mui. P.-B., Tinami, p. 8 (1880);
BarteH, Kat. VogeUamml. p. :20lt, n. 3093 (Brazil) (1891).
Ciyptura Bolitaria, part., FtVitf. A'. £>. jxiit. p. 106 (wc p. 105)
(1819).
Tinamus brasilienBiB, part., Trmm. PI. Col., genre Tinamoii, ep. ft
(1828) ; Leu. Man. d:Om. ii, p. 206 (1828).
CrvpturuB canuB, Wagl. lite, 1829, p. 746 ; G. It. Gr. Gen. B. iii.
p. 524, D. 2 (1844).
CrTptunis tao. Leu. Tr. d'Ora. p. 511 (part.) (1831); ? Thienfm.
yartK/lanz. p. 22, t. v. f. 1 (eg?) (1846).
Crypturus kleei, Tich. Arrih.f. Natnrg. 1843, i. p. 387 (Bio Chan-
cbamajo and Chuncbotambo), 1844, i. p. 308, n. 282; ii^. Favn.
Per., Avea, pp. 47, 284, t. jixii. (1840) (type ejamined) •.
Tinainus kleeei (errore), G. R. Gr. Gen. S. iii. p. 624, n. 10 (1844),
Append, p. 25 (1849).
TiDainua Ueei, Echnb. Syn. Ar., Oallinacece, t. 285. f. 166/) (1848)
[ex TKhudi) ; G. S. Or. LUl GalUtue Brit. Mvs. i """
(1867); id. Hand-lilt, iii. p. 4, n. 9865 (1871); Tacz. P. Z. &
1874, p. 663 (Montericc) ; Schleg. Mui. P.-B., Tinami, p. 8 (nitica'
(1880); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 3 (N.E. Peru); id. Om. Pir. ii
. . . , 111- P- 4, , . ,
1874, p. 663 (Montericc) ; Schieg. Mus. P.-B., Tinami, p. 8 (critical)
(1880); Tore. P. 2. S. 1882, , " '" " ■* "- -
p. 293, 7'flWe«,p. 106(1886).
TrachjpelmUB camiB, Cab. in Schomb. Reite in Brit. Guian. iii. p. 749
(1848) ; Lickl. Norn. Av. p. 87 (Para) (1864) ; Burm. Sy»t. Veb.
Tkier. Brae. iii. p. 326 (1856) ; Heine u. Rchnw. A'om. ifu-Sein.
Om.p. 303 (Porto Cabello) (1890).
Tinamua weddellii, Bp. Compt. Raid. zlii. p. 881, u. 813 (Bolivis),
p. 054 (1866) ; id. Tabl. Parall. ordre GaUin. (extract) p. 12,
no. 314, p, 15 (l^^^)6] (duscr. princep?) ; id. Compt. Rend, iliii.
p. 572(^e*nu8) [Mm).
Tinamua kleaei, Bp. Compt. Rend, alii, p. 681, n. 315 (1856) ; Gieb.
1. TRI.IHITI. 49ft
This tai^ apectcs ii easily disttnguuhe'l by tlie dark olive-slaty
tmge of its plamage.
Adult nude. Upper port of the head aad nape black ; sides of the
head black, speckled with white: from each aide of the occiput
Btart two whitish bunds mixed with blackish, ruuning on the sides
of the nape ; throat white, mottled with black ; lower part of the
aeck and breast slaty grey, more or lesa waved with darker lines ;
upper parte greyish olive, waved with black lines and bars, broader
on the lower back and rump : upper wing-coverts like the upper
back ; flanks greyish, waved with irregular buff bands ; middle of
the abdomen baS; \inder tail-ooverts grey, rufesceot along the
middle and more or less waved with irregular grey lines: primaries,
primary-coverts, and bastard-wing uniform slaty black ; under wing-
coverts slaty grey ; tail slaty black, the outer edgea of the feathers
freckled with olive: "iris brown-red" (Ooertng), "dark brown;
bill dark brown, with the lower mandible yellowish; feet blackish
olive, with the nails yellow" (Tacianowgki). Total length about
21 inches, wing 11, tail 5, culmen 1-5. tarsus 3.
Hah. AmazoDS, Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Pern, and
Bolivia.
a. Ad. at Venezuela. I'urchaseii.
i, cT Bd. «k. Sau Eateban, Veuezuela Salvin-liixlman Coll.
[Goering).
c. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Bogota, New Salvin-Godman OoU.
Granada.
Tinamui [bluii] *,
BtuisUm): G. H. I
//aBrf./«(,ui.p.4,no.e867(1871); Gtd. jW 0™, iii. p. tf35 (1877).
" Par la groupur M. Is couleur il se rapproclie du T. ni\}or, s'en diadnguaot
par lea pluuie* nrolongiee qui forment auwi u "" "" ---•— -" —
- '— '^-/m. seiil, = ■■--.--.>
tmetia *«>pf «
major: le ^ont, la |>Hrtie antirieiire de la'Wleet le» paupiirei. aont noirilrej.
la nuBDm pri-doininanbi, aur lu parties sup^rieunx, dp tend pu au vert
oUvitre, nimnip ohn Ic mi^'nr. tatia au brun olive rounfttrei pmque toulaa
le* pM-tiea inf^rieuree sonl lerniioul^ d'uae couleur plun foDofe que dani le
■mcfjor. 8a longueur e>l de 45 ceutimetrM : ion bee egt long de 5 cent imetrei.
■M ailea bd meaurent -J8 ft dm tanei 7|. 11 porte la petite oriniere ras^ (en
bro«e)da8uicriiifa/iu, maiaeUeeet enti^rement noiritre, oadu]6e et potntiU^
d« gru JBUnitre ; 1m pnrtia* infirieuree, plus claires. aout enti^reiiienl TSpioi-
oulrMdeblkiu^atra: le* p«rit> pomU eont tr^nombreui M serria lur iagorge,
au'ill cntahiieent et co^ivreut oomplStauent. tra^nt ausii deui lignes le loiig
do la partie pontfrieure du col." I^onaparfe,)
Hah. Obili ! (Mtu. BrtLrtllre).
Dr. Bl
iting it t
2. Tinunvs robuttu.
Timunus m^orP, Moore (ncc Gm-), P. Z. S. 1659, p. fI3 (Omoa);
Selal. ibid, (probablj' different from fnajor) ; Sclat. 8( Salv. Hit,
1869, p. 226 (Belize and Omoa) ; Sain, lint, 1866, p. 204 (=ro-
buatuaj.
Tinfimus robuatus, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 2-J3 (Mexico ; deacr. nalla);
S. Owt», Ibis, 1801, p. ofJ; Salr. Ibig, 1801, p. 366 (YmbalJ;
Parker, P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 2fi7, 2o9, 1863, p. 617 (sacral Tertebrw) ;
Salv. Ibis, 1866, p. 195 ; Parktr, Tr. Zoot. Soc. y. pp. 205 et leq.
(1866); G. R. Gr. List of GaUintF Brit. Mw. p. 97 (Mexico)
(1867) ; MuxUy, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 425 (cut of the under view of
the ekuU) ; Seiat. ^ Saiv. Eiot. Om. p. 87 (part.), pi. iliv. (1868)
(descr. nrinceps) ; Sumicbrast, Mem. Boit. Soc. if. H. i. p. 560
(1869); G. R. Gr. Ilmd-iiU, iii, p. 3, no. 9861 (part.) (1871):
8ak. ^ Sclat. Xoni. Av. Neotnp. p. 152, d. 4 (part.) (1873);
Soriu, P. Z. S. 1875, p^ 361 (egg) ; Gieb. Tha. Om. iii. p. 637
(1877); Schieff. Mut.P.-S.,TiB'ami, p. 11 (part.) (1880); Sumi-
cbrast. La NatwraLna, v. p. 229 (1881) (State of Ver» Oui) ; PeU.
H. Lor. Am. natitrh. Hofmiis. iii. p. 51 (1888).
TrachypelmuH robiutus, 6eine u. Bcfmtc. Nom. Mut. JSein. Om.
p. afl (Playa Vicente) (1890).
Adult Above olive-brown, irregularly barred with blaok ; upper
part of the head black, occiput with some rufous-brown markings,
which on the napo become rufesc«nt narrow ban ; sides of the head
varied with blade and rufescent ; throat white ; lower parts pale
olive-grey, darker on the breast and sides, and more or loss waved
witfa narrow dark lines; flanks with broader brown irregular bitrs ;
lower abdomen in some specimens more or less nifeitcent ; under
tail-coverts buff, each feather more or less varied with olive on the
edges of both webs ; upper wing-coverts like the back, secondaries
uenally browner ; primaries and bastard-wing uniform {
brown ; under wing-coverts greyisli brown, the 1
1. TI5*«OT. "01
Similar to T. r<A)n»i\u, but browner on the upper parts, more
olive on the breast, more reddish on the abdomen, stid principally
differing in the much darker, nearly black primaries, primary-coverts,
and baatard-wing.
Hab. Central America : Nicaragua, C'oata Rica, and Veragna.
I), cf ad. Kacondido Hiver. Nicaragua. Salviu-Godman Coll. I Ty))ea
■k. ■ iiov.{C. W. Rifhiiwnd). \ of the
A. £ ad. San Rafael, Nicaragua, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll.| apeciiii.
«k. ( W. B. Richardfm).
«. 2 ad. Ywsgna. {Arci). Salvin-Godman CoU.
sk,
4. Tinamiu solitariui. (Plate Til.)
Mocoicogog, Axar. Apunt, I p. 67, B. 3S2 (1805) ; id. Voy. {Sonit.
ed.]iT. p. 154 (18U9;.
TinainuB tao, part.. Ttmm. Pig. rf Galtm. iii. pp. 569, 572, 749 (1815) ;
Z*M. TV. cCOm. p. 511 (1831); O. R. Or. Oen, B. iii. p, 524,
n. 1 (1844) ; Hwti I«d. Azar. Apunt. p. 21, n. 339 (1847) ; G.
R. Or. Gen. B. Append, p. 25 (1849); Bp. Compt. Rend. xlii.
p. 881, n. 8U (part.) (1856), xliii. p. 572 (1856) ; id. Tabl. Parali.
Gallin. p. 12, n. 313 (part.) (185(1) ; O. R. Gr. Hand-litt, iii. p. i>,
n. M867 (1871) ; Girh. T/iet. Om. iii. p. 6.-J8 (part.) (1877).
Cryptura aolitaria, Vieill. N. D. iixiv. p. 105 (1819) {ex Azara).
Tinamus aolitariuB, Vieill. Em. ;Vf«A. i. p. 373, n. II (1820); PtU.
Om. Brat. pp. 290, 4Ii3, ]v (Rio Janeiro, Mattodentro, Ypanema,
Vlarar(i) (18(1) ; Sc^at. * Salv. Norn. Av. Neotrop. p. 152. d. 1
(Paraguay aud Brazil 1 (lB73) ; Serl. J.f. O. 1874, p. 2iil (SanU
Calhttrina) ; Sorbi/, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 361 (egg) ; SehlM. Mu4
P.-B.,Tinami, p. 10(1880); ? Sdal. Lttl I'M. -in. 8th ed. p. 545
(1883) (Zool. Oard.) ; Berl. u. JAer. Zfittchr. get. Om. 1885,
p. 182 (Taquara do Mundo novo) ; Berl. J.f. O. 1887, p. 136,
n. 349 ; Sclat. Ihit, 1890, p. 82 (quintocubital).
(JiypturuB tao, Licht. (nee Temtn.) Vert. DouU. p. 87, n. 701 (San
Paulo) (1823); TTai/l. &/U. -1 p., ym. Crypturua, sp. 1 (1827); id.
ItU, 1829, p. 745.
Peiut gerratus, Spir, Ae. Bra*, ii. p. 61, t. 76 (Rio Negro) (1826)'.
Crypturns aerratu^, part., Wagl. lii/tt. AB.,gnt. Oryplurua, sp. 3
(1827); id. Im, 1829, p. 748: S^. Cto«. B. ii. p. 545 (1837).
Tinamiis biaailieueia, Wird {nee Lalh.) Reite navA Bra». i. pp. S66,
262(1820}, ii. pp. 124,135(1821); r«nm. K Coi„ff«i«TinBmou,
ap. e (part.) (1826) ; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Brat. iv. p. 496, t. i.
f. 2 (larjnx) (1832) ; Lea. Compl. de Buff. 2nd ed Oit. p. 238
(parL) (1838) ; Suler, J. f. O. 1807, pp. 100, 196. 198.
Tinamua major, Rdml). Sifn. At., Gidilnacea, t. 284, f. ir,58 (1848)
(or Spix) ; ? Retrthardt, Vid. Medd. naturh. Fortn. KjobenAavn,
1870, p. 50 (Minas Oeroea).
Tracbypelmus tao. CaS, (ntv TVmm.) in Stiomli. Rfiee Brit. Gvian,
iii. p. 746 (1848} ; Lirhl. Norn. Av. p, 87 (1854); Burm. Sy»t.
Urben. Tk. Brat. iii. p. «34 (1866).
Tinamua guttulatus, G. R. Gr. List Galling B. M. p. d (Bnwil)
(1867) (imiaat.) ; id. Hand-Sit, iii. p. 3, n. 9860 (1871) ; Prlt.
Qr». Brat. p. 292 (note), pp. 463, Iv (1871 ) ; GUb. That. Om. iii.
p. 836 (1875).
■ Spii'* p]at« *gren exactly with ffio Farani and Rio de Janeiro qieciiDen*.
fi02
Adult maU. Similar to T. robutlut but lai^er, with the barriDgs
on the tipper parts more r^utar and broader ; upper part of head
and nape olive-brown ; on the sides of occiput and nape two diatinot
light buff longitudinal bands ; aides of head Taripd with oUtb-
brown and brown-black : throat white, broadly siirronnded below
with mfescent ; lower neck and breast greyish oliTe ; flanks
rnfeacent, barred with brown ; middle of the abdomen greyish
oUve ; under tail-coverts bnff, varied with oliTe-brown on the
edges ; wings like the back, but browner, especially the secondaries,
which have a rufeecent tinge ^ primaries, primary-coverts, and
baetard-wing uniform slaty black ; under wing-coverts blackish,
edged with olive-brown, the last row uniform slate-grey ; tail olive-
hrown, irregularly freckled with black and with some rufesoent-
brown markings : " iris reddish brown ; feet light plumbeous ; bill
bluish black" (lyAtara). Total length about 20 inches, wing 10-50,
tail 4-50, culmen 1-42, tarsus 2-9.
Female. Similar to the male.
Immature birdg have the upper parts more or less dotted with
whitish small spots,
Ymmg m down. Upper part of the head anteriorly pale hrown-
buff, posteriorly golden buff-chestnut ; across the top of the head
a chestnut band, connected with a chestnut band on both sides of
the occiput; sides of the head pale hrown-buff; a line through
the lores, another from the base of the lower mandible joined to a
patch on the auricular r^os, nape and sides of the neck deep
chestnut ; two snow-white patches on the sides of the nape ; inter-
scapular region greyish buj, with obsolete cross dusky haia, the
hairy tips of the feathers chestnut ; scapulars chestnut ; lower back
and rump pale greyish buff-brown, with the bidden part of llio
feathers bnff ; throat white, but the tips of the feathers, especially
I
1. tisxuvs. 90S
Magoua, Buff: Hint. Nat. Oii. jr. p. 507, pi. 24 (ir'S).
tiwat Tinsmou, Lath. ^. u. 2, p. 724, n. 1 (1783).
Tetrao major, Gm. S. A'. L 2, p. T67, n. 63 (1788).
TinamuB brasilieDsiB, Lath. Ind. Orti. ii. p. USS, n. I (1790) ; Ttmm.
Pig. et GalUn. m. pp. 662, 748 (1815) ; Stfph. Oen. Zool. xi. 9,
p. 406 (1810); Temm. Fl. Col., genre TinninDU, «p. 6 (part.)
(1826); i«». .Won.<rOrB,ii. p. 206(part.)(1828); id. TAiOm.
p. 512 (18.'tl>j 1^. Cmtpl. (le Buf. -iaA t^. Ot't. p. 238 (183») ;
Trtiim. K Col. i. Tabl. .With. p. 87 (183W); JVt. Om. £™*.
pp. 2111, 453, k (AlatogroMo, Ouapord, Cochodis da Bannneira,
iWbfi, Rio Nugro. MnmbitAtiiu, Bum do Rio Negro) (1671);
ill. Ibis, 187S, p. 37.
f Tinnmus bniBiliaiia, Bonn. £ne. Mith. \. p. 224, n. 1, pi. 89. f. 3
(I7ai).
Crypturua major, Ilhg. Prodr. Mamm. rt Av. p. 24fi (1811).
Crjptura mugoua, Fi>-iU. X. D. sniiv. p. 104 \\^\Q).
Crypturus serrMtus, Wngl. Sytt, Ai>., 'jm. CiyptutuB, sp. 2 (part.)
(1827).
TiDBinuHuiajor, (;.A.Gr.Cen.£.iu.p. 624,n. 3 (1844); Bp.Compt.
Send. ilii. p. 881, n. 312 (1856), iliii. p. 573 (note) (l&W) ; Sah.
Ibit, 1861, p. 356 (e?g) ; O. R. Gr. Lut GalUna Brit. Mui. u. 96
(•yn.. but not Bpewm, a) (1867) : id. Ban4-li*t, iil. p. 3, d. 8868
(1871) : Selat. ^ Sale. NmnoKl. Ad. Nmtrop. p. 152, n. 5 (1873) ;
S<:hkg. Mua. P.-B., Tinaiui. p. 13 (part.) (1880) : Trietr. Cat. OoU.
B.p.2(1880); U.irtfrt, Kat. FoyrfMinm/. p.206.n. 3092 (1891).
Crypturus bmsilienaiR, Thieium. FoHgfiant. p. 23, t. v. f. 2(1846).
Trachypelmiu mnjor, Cnb. in Sckomb. Rrii. in Brit. Onion, iii. p. 749
(1848) : LieAt. Nom. A b. p. 87 ( 1854) ; F Heint u. Rchimj. Norn.
Mm*, Bein. Om. v. 303 (BrazU) (1890).
Traehrpelmus brasilieneis, Burm. j%«f, Ueb. iii. p. 325 (1850);
Naiku*. Zeil*chr. wmeatth. Zool. xii. pp. 352, 354, t. xxvi. S. 17,
18 (em BtTUcture) (18"1) ; id. J. /. O. 1879, p. 258; MangtU-
Aotf, MB. detilMh, frr. &Aufa, 1890, pp. 165-164, pi. il
Tinamus subcristAtus, Pels (nee Osb.) Om. Brat. p. 291, not« 3 (Sun
Joaquim and Barra do Rio NejiTo) (1871).
Tioamus cristatellU!!, iVu/f. Cat. MS., tote Prliein, I. e.
This Bpecies is to be recognized by the bright rufoas-oinnBmon
oolonr of the upper part of the head, tingwl with greyish oa the
forehead of the male, combined with the very light, mostly whit«
nnderparts.
AdfltU malt. Upper parta olive, with irregular black bac-like
marks ; upper purt of the hvad and occipital crest rufoiu ci
forehead, lorua, and fealhers behind the eye* greyish ; e
chestnut-brown ; sides of the bead and neek rufescent, the sides of
the head und nnpe with narrow dusky bars, tlie sidea of the neck
with dusky fitn)H.'a along the middle of the fcnthent ; throat white,
fore neck and uppi-r breast dull buff with undulated cross dusky
lines ; rerorLiiidcr of the lower parte buffy white, nearly uniform
along the middle of the breast and abdomen ; sides, tianks, and
tibial feathers with irregular dusky bars; under tail-coverts
rufescent, with irregular olive bars, and these with two narrow
irregular bh-iuk cro.'tH lines, oiju anteriorly and the other posteriorly ;
upper wing-ooverts like the back ; primaries uniform greyish ;
SIM Tisixiiij;.
butard-wing, primarj'-corcrts, and bccoudaries olivc-rufoDs, with
irregnlar black bar-like marks ; under wing-coverU olive-bnlT,
with irregular black lines, the greater ones uniform gre]'iBh ; tail
olive-brown, with irregDlar black lines, and rufoos-bnff marke on
tbe outer web : bill dusky above, paler (olive ?) below ; feet m the
dry sWn pale olive. Total length abont 17 inches, wing 9-4, tail
S-yS, oulmea 1-25, tarsus 2-56.
Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat larger, and whiter
below ; upper part of the head uniform rufous cinnamon ; no greyish
tinge on the forehead and sides of the heod, which arc uniform with
the pileum, ouly a shade lighter ; oar-covert« also rufous cinnamon ;
no coDspicuons occipital crest ; fore neck and breast nearly nniform
greyish olivo ; upper parts less marked with black ; secondaries
browner. Total length about 19 inches, wiug 0-4, culmeu 1-30.
tarsus 2-50.
Both the birds described belong to Natterer's collection and are
from Kio Negro : they have been attributed by Ton Pelzcln to two
different birds, the male to T. t^heristatus'' and the female to
T. bratilientit ; but they arc so muth alike that 1 cannot believe
that they are specifically different, us it would be impossible that
two such allied forms should be found in tbe same region ; the
difforenoes appear to me to be only sesnal.
I am not quite certain as to the proper name of this species, the
description of tho old authors being very unsatisfactory ■ for ths
present I hare thongbt it best to retain tJie name mq/or, although
it was applied to the bird &om Cayeuue, where I am not aware
that the species has been found in recent times. Marcgrave's and
Brisson's descriptions may apply to T. tolilaritu, to which I have no
douht Pkv» wrratKt, Spix, also belongs.
JJab. Central and Kortbem Braril.
L
1. TLiAMtrs. 505
p. 040, n. 3110 (1832); id. Ibit, 1886, p. 181 (British Guiwia) ;
n'. L. Sdat. Ibu, 1887, p. 317.
Tinaiuus major, part., O. S. Gr. List GalHtue Brit Mh». p. 06,
8pecLin.li 118«7); Gicb.Tha. Orn. i. p. 036 (part.) 11877); Scilfj/.
Mm. P.-B., Tinami, pp. 13-17, spBciin. 1, 6, 6 (1680),
Tiniuniis major aubcrlstatus, Sehley. Mu». P.-B., Tiaiuiii, p. 15
(1880).
Advlt 7naU. Forehead and above the eyes greyish black, remainder
of the upper part of the head, with the occipital pendent orcst,
chestnut ; siden of the head anteriorly and the ear-coverla blackiab,
poitt«riurly aod the sidos of the neck varied with rufous and
iitaokish, each feather harini; the centre blaclui«h and the edges
rufous, BO that those parte have a distinct scaly appearance : throat
white ; lower neck pale olive-brown ; back, rump, and upper t«il-
coverts olive-brown, the latter with aome buff edges and obsolete
bars ; wingH olive, but the Becondaries rufous olive-hrowu ; pri-
maries uniform greyish brown ; primary- coverts and baatard-wing
greyish brown, with a slight reddish-brown tinge ; under wing-
coverts greyish brown, distinctly edged with olive, the last row
pure grey; tail olive rnfous-hrowa ; lower parts pale olive-grey,
finely waved along the middle with dusky lines; flanks baff, broadly
and irregularly barred : bill in dry skin brown above, pale below ;
feet olive. Total length about 17 inches, wing 9-25, tail 3-25,
uulmea 1'30, tarsus 2'(J0,
FenMilt. Differs from the male in having the upper parts or back
and wings more or less with black transverse markings or
barrings.
Yoang. More reddish than the adult ; upper parts dotted with
pnler rufous spot«.
A young in down frora Takutu (apparently belon^ng la this
B])ocies) has the forehead and temporal regions mixed with greyish
and chestnut ; a loral spot and an ear-patch chestnut ; a large patch
&om the crown to the occiput brown-chestnut ; mantle greyish
brown, with the hairy tips of the feathers chestnut ; lower back and
rump yellowish, thickly dotted with brown ; scapulars, breast, and
sides chestnut; throat and abdomen greyish; sides of the rump
glossy chestnut ; wings greyish brown.
Hub. Uuiana.
fl. Ad. sL S. America. Gen. T. Ilardwicke
[P,].
(r. mwr, Gr., speoim. o.)
b, e. Ad. St. & sk. Cayenne. PurcbsHod.
rf, '■ 6 9 '^- *!'- Camocusa, Brit. Giuana, Feb., Salvin-Godmsji Coll.
Sept. (ff. IVhitefy).
f. 5 sd. sk. BarticH Grove, Bnt. Ouiana, Salvin-Ciodman Call.
Sept. (H. Jraife^).
«. [f juv. sk. Mprumfi Mts., Brit Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jiilj {H. WhiUlv).
h. Pull. sk. T»kutu It., Brit Guiana («. Sal vin-Godmau Cull.
7. Tis&niiu l&tift'Oiu.
Thb species has a pendent occipital crest like T. gabaitiaiva, from
which it differs in having the slaty-black coloor on the forehead
more extended, covering entirely the anterior half of the crown, the
rufoae-cheBtnat colour of the occiput nnd crest darker and confined
t« the edges of the feathers, which are otherwise blackish ; the
seoondaries of a darker brova &cckled with black, with no reddish
tinge ; the apper parte olivc-hrown, with broader black harrings,
and the lower of a greyish olive, more uniformly covered with
irregnlar and broader dusky bare ; under tail-coverts olive-brown,
variegated with rufous-butf: upper maudiblo dusky, the lower
pale ; feet id dry skin dark olive. Total length about 17 iaohes,
wing 9-8, tail 3-10, eulmon 1-2, tarsus 2-5.
Tho second specimen, mentioned below, apparently immalurt, has
the upper parts dott«d with rufons-hnff, the black bar-like marks
on the upper parte broader, and the wings tinged with mfoas
Hah. West«m Ecuador.
- 8alvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of species.)
6. Tiammtu Tuflcepa.
IWmuB peruvianus, Jtfw. Br\a: ; Bp. Compt. Bend, zliii. p. 673
(note) (1866) : O. B. Or. Litt GaiRna: Bnl. Mtu. p. 101, n. SI
(1807) ; id. Hand-lut, iii. p. 4, n. 9879 (1871 ) ; GiA. Tht». Om.
iiL p. 6S7 (1877) ; Dubou, Mim. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1894, p. 404
( =riificepf>, /klat. &■ Salt'.) *.
ruficeps, ScJat. Sf Salv. A'otn. An. Neotrop. pp. 163, 162,
— • Ecuador) ( 1S73) ; Girit. T)ifs. Om. ill. p. 037 (1877) ;
I. 1
507
iiiit, with nurrow black barrings ; eidee of the head and two gbsolete
bands un the aides of the na{io piilo rufeeccnt, with brown mottlings ;
throat white ; lowor part of the fore neok, breast and sides grej-ish
olive ; lower breast and abdomen whitish, with grey zigzag or
irregular transverse lines ; flanka whitish buif. with brown bare ;
under tHJl-coverta rufous bulf with irregular olive bare, which are
eurroundod with a narrow black lino ; primaries uniform greyish
brown ; primary-coverts and bastard-wing feathere freckled with
rufous brown on the outer web ; under wing-coverts greyish olive,
with some small blackish markings, the inner ones paler, the last row
uniform grey ; tail brown freckled with black : bill in dry skin
dusky above, pale below ; feet olive. Total length about ISincheti,
wing y, tail 3'T5, culmen 1'25, tarsus 2-6.
Female. Similar to the type.
Ifab. Ecuador, Upper Amazon, Peru (?), and Antioquia.
. Ad. sk.
Rio Napo, Ecuador (jMr
ferifayj').
Sara vac u, Ecuador (Sucklrff).
Yquitos, Upper .Amiuonfl,
Sept. (H. Uliitdifi.
IlaniedioH, Antdoquja, March
(7". K. flaliium).
Salviji-Godman Coll.
(Tvpe of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salrin-Oodnian OoU.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
I
9. Tinanms castaneiceps. (Flate VI.)
Tlnamus major, Can. (nee Gm.) Pr. Ac. Pkilad. 1860, p. 195 (Tru-
Tinamus robustus, Lawr. {nee Sciiit-), Ann. Lye. N. Y. vii. p, 477
(Panama) (1862); &Zat. 4- Si/u. P. 2. S. 1864, p. 371 (Panama);
Sale. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 159 (Santiago de Veragua) ; Selal. ^ Sah.
Erot. Om. p. W (part.) (1888); Sain. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 218
(Bugaba).
Tinamus ruliceps, Sclat, Sf Sale. Norn. Av. A'eofro;). pp. 15S, 182,
gp. 30 (]>nrt., Panama, Chiriqni) (1873) ; Gieb. net. Om. iiL
p. 637 (part,) (1877).
Similar to T. rvjkrjjt, but the upper part of the bead of a deeper
chestnut ; the forehead, at least in the moles, slightly tinged with
blackish; the ear-c-ovcrts darker than the pileum, almost black,
while in T. ntfii-tj-g they arc of ihe same rufous tinge as the pileum ;
the flanks are of a much darker greyish-olive colour.
Hab. Veragua and Panama.
a,5. cf ? ad. ek. Volcan de Cbiriqui {Ard).
e. (f ad. sk. Itut^'aba, Chiri^ui (Ard).
d. li ad. sk. Liou Hill .Station, i'auauiu
{AtrLeannan).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
{Types of species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Gtidman ColL
10. Tinamits ^ttatns-
CmituruB guttatua, i^att. MS. ; Thienem. Furl[>fiata. p. 24 (egg)
(1845).
tmmaiB mtlatiu, Natt. Cat. MS. ; Pek. Ferh.e.-i.Oet. Wini,lSe3,
p. 1136; Xatt. ibid. p. 1128 (1863) j O. Jt. Gr. List GaUina Brit,
Mtu. p. 101, n. 33 (1867) ; Pelz. Om. Brae. pp. 292, 46-3, It
(Borba, S. Carloa, Rio Vaup*, Cachoira de Panore, I'arA) (1871) ;
O. E. Or. Hand-Ua, iii. p. 4, n. 9664 (1871) i Sdat. k Sale.
P.Z.S. 1873, p. 810 {ChamicuTOs ; e™) ; iid. Nomencl. Av.
Neotrop. p. 152, «p. 7 (Amai. super.) ; Gub. Thus. Om. iii. p. 636
(1877); abA&p. jlfiH. P.-ff., Titiami, p. 12 (1880) ; Taa.Oni.Ftr.
iii. p. 296, Tablet, p. 106 (1886) ; Feh. u. Lor. Ann. natarh. Hofitin*.
iii. p. 61 (tvpes)(1886); Allen, BuU. Am. Mut. N. H. a. p. 112
(BoUvia) (1889).
Easily distinguished by its small size, and by the wicgs more or
lees thickly dotted with whitish buff.
Adult male (cotype from ParA). Upper parts olive-brown, back
redder ; lower back, mmp, and upper part of the wing near the back
with irregular broadieh black bands ; wings thickly dotted with
white; upper part of the head blackish brown, more greyish on the
forehead ; sides of the head browoish posteriorly, wiih the middle
part of the neck, all round, brown, varied with mfons spots, and
black marks on the edges of the feathers ; throat white ; lower
part of the fore neck and sides olive, changing into reddish or
bufflsh white on the breast ; middle of the abdomen white ; flanks
boff, with irregular duaky ban ; under tail-corerts (dive-brown,
along the middle rufous-ohestnut, on both webe varied with dusky
marks ; upper tail'CovcrtB with narrow irregnlar whitish bars ^
the tip and obsolete blackish transverse lines ; secondaries olive-
brown, darker than the upper wing-coverts, freckled with brown, and
marked with white on the edge of the outer web-s ; primaries uniform
2. i
fiOU
Pari, Nov. {yalterer). Salvin-Godmau Coll.
(Typical specimen.)
Sarajscu, Ecuador ( C. Buckley). Snlvin-Oodnian OoU.
(Uoacribed by Tacianowflki, Oni. V&r. iii. p. 296.)
ChaniicuroA, Peruvian .\uiazona, E. Bartlett, Esq. [C.J.
Feb., Dec.
rBru(ii. WkiU:Ui). Salvin-Gud man Coll.
(Described by Taciunuwiiki, 1. c.)
2. NOTHOCERCUS.
Trpe.
Nothocercus, Bp. Compt. Rend. ilii. p. 957 (lti66) N. juliua.
Kty to the SpecUt.
B. Throiit pure white.
a*. Uppiir part and sides of head rtifDUfi cbeatnut,
posteriorly brown in the majority of speci-
mena'; back broadly burred with black. . , . Julius, p. SOE
b'. Upper part of bead entirely black ; back
narrowly vermiculated wi tb black nu/rioapiJiiu,
i. Throat not pure white.
t', Thntat bright rufous.
a". Greater or last row of the under wing-
coverts greyish, barred with dull nifoua . bonaparM, j
b". Ureater or last row ot the under wiog-
coverts uuitorm (irejish brown, with no
barrings; primaries not distinctly rufous
on the inoer weba, hut greyish freckled
with irregular rufous narrow bars frantxti, p, i
d". Throat whitJ»h, weahed with rufous ; pri-
ninries greyish, barred with rufous on the
innerwebsi gre^tiiror last row of the under
wing-coverta greyish, barred with dull
1 , NothocercuB jtUias.
TinamuB Julius, Bp. Cmnpt. Bend, \xxvii. p. 663 (Columbia) (1853) ;
id. mtn Coll. helattrf, p. 93 (note) (l&M); Harll. J.f. O. 1854,
p. 410 (New Granada) ; Selal. P. Z. S. 1B.M, p 163, 1858, p. 70
(Rio NfgTo, Ecuador) ; G. R. Gr. List Gatlin/e Brit. Mui. p. 98
(1867) ; Pelt. Om. Brat. p. 292 (note) (1871) ; Gieb. The,. Om.
iii. p. 6.36 (1877) ; ficklty. Mia. P.-B., Tinami, p. 18 (1880).
NothocercuB jutius, Bp. Compt. Rend. ilii. p. 8dl, no. 331, pp. 954,
957 (18B«); id. Tuhl. Parall. GaUin. (Extract), p. 12, n. 328
(1850); O. R. Gr. Hmid-li/t, iii. p. 4, n. 9883 (1871) ; Sfiat. j
Sale. Nom. Ac. Xeufrap. p. 152 (Columbia & .^-^quatoria) (ISTO);
Pftfc.i6i\1875, p.:Wl (Spanish Guiana} •; Taa.^ Btrl. P.Z.S.
* Herr von Pdzoln myt that bj 8pBni«h Quinna is probably meant the
territory belncen the Upper Kio Kcgru and Oriiioou. ur wljacent parte of
New OrHiuulB.
188fi, p. 112 (Ecuador) ; Heme u. Hcknw. Norn. Mat. Hem. Orm.
p. 804 (Bofcota) (1890).
Nothocerciu bourcieri, Bp. Compt, Bend. xlii. p. 681, d. 330, p. 964
(=jiiliu8) (1866).
Adult. Upper part of the head anteriorly rufoua ohoatnut, pos-
teriorlf brown, finely barred vith rofouB ; aides of the head mfous
brown ; throat pure nbite ; upper parts ohve-brown, crossed with
black bars ; on the wings and romp some whitiah-buff marks near
Uie tip of the feathers ; lower part of the fore neck and opper
breast olive-brown, finely vcnniculated with black ; sidee and flanks
oliTe-brown, barred with black ; middle of the breast bright rufous ;
middle of tiie abdomen also rufous, but paler; tinder tail-coverto
olive-brown, with irregular crescentic blai^ bars, marked with
rufous near the edges ; primaries greyish brown ; outer web of
secondaries olive-brown near the edge, varied with black and buff
bar-like spoto; under wing-coverts greyish brown, tho lost row lighter
grey ; tail oa the apical portion olive, with irregular crescentic
black bands: upper mandible dark, lower mandible pale ; feet olive-
brown (in dry skins). Total length about 14 inches, wing 8,
culmen 1-20, tarsna 2'60.
A fine specimen from New Qrauada in the Uuseum of Genoa has
nearly the whole head, above and on the sides, bright ohestnat.
Towng in down. General colour chestnut ; forehead and aides of
the head mfons ; occiput blackish ; throat white (Monji, Ecuador).
A young bird from Sarayacu, Ecuador, apparently belonging to
this species : forehead and upper aides of the head buff ; occiput
brown ; throat white ; mantle, aides, and breast chestnut ; middle
of the back greyish brown ; flanks bright glossy chestnut ; middle
of the abdomen greyish ; tail and upper tail-coverts cheetnut.
Female. Specimens from Ecuador, according to Taczatioweki aud
k. Ad. ak.
1. PuU. Bh.
k. PuU. St.
. SOiaOCERCUS.
Ecuador ( Verreoux). Salvin-Godman Coll.
MoDJi, Ecuador (C Buckle;/). Salvin-Godmnn Coll.
No lociditj. Old Coll.
2. Nothocerciu nigricapillas. (Plate VIII.)
Tioftmiis iiigrocapiUus, G. It. Gr. Litt Gatlina Brit. Mat. p. 9S
(Chili 1) (1867); W. HanJ-UH, iii. p. 4, no. 0863 (1871); Oieb.
The$. Om. iii. p. B37 (1877).
NotliocercuB nigneapilliu, Sclal. ^ Sale. Norn. Av. Ktotmp. p. 152
{«■ loco ign.) (1873).
Type, Upper part of the head and occiput black ; throat white :
upper Burface and lower netk brownish olive, vermiculat«d with
tiUick ; wings, abdomen, and thighs brownish olive, vermiculated
with black and varied with black and white blotches ; lower brenHt
rufoaa brown, vermiculsted with black. Total length about 12
inobes, wing 7'5, culmen I'l, t-arwas ;i'4.
This species has a white tliroat like N.juliut ; the upper parta
are not bo broadly banded as in that species, resembling in this
respect the new species from Antioquia described further on.
i/ab. Said to be Chili, which is extremely doubtful.
.\d.st.
Chiii?
Purchased.
(Type of species.)
3. Nothocercns bonapartei.
Tiuamus bonapartei, O. R. Or. List Gallinie Brit. Mus. p. 97
(ArBffua, Venezuela) (1867); id. Saml-U»r, iii. p. ,1, n. B802
(1871) ; Gieb. TAei. Orn. iii. p. 635 (1877).
Nothocerciw bonnpartii, Selat. ^ Sah. Num. Av. Neotrop.p. 162
(pwl., Venezuela and Colombia) (1873) ; ? Tact. ^ Bai. P. Z. S.
1886, p. 112 (Machaj, Ecuador).
Tinamus nigrica^illus," ScA^. (nee 0. R. Gr.) Mm. P.-B., Tinamj,
p. 17 (part,, Bogota) (1880).
Ti)pr. " Top and behind the head slaty black ; mentum pale
rufouH ; cheeks, sides and lower part of neck rufous, with trans-
verM bands of black : upper surface rufous olivaceons, with ver-
miculatioDB and blotches of black, varied with spots of yellowish
white, especially on the lower part of back, wings, and upper tail-
H^ coverts ; breast rusty colour, with some black undulatious ; sides of
^h abdomen, thighs, and under tail-coverta rufous olivaceous, varied
^M with black and rulous-while blotches. Length 10-fl inches, wing
■ fl'7. UrsuB 2-9." {Oraij.)
^P In Gray's description the colour of the (|utlls, which is most
^1 chjvrBotenstic in the species of this genus, is not menlioncd ; but
^1 Mr. Sharpe, who at ray request has re-exaraiued the tyjie after my
^1 departure from London, writos to me as follows :^" The inner woba
^1 of the primaries are greyish, freckled with rufons bars ; they are
^1 aboat the same colour above and below ; the greater under wing-
612 TUfiHin.i!.
coverts are duahy brown like the quill-llDing, with & few nifescent
bare towards the ends, so that they resemble the lining of the
qnills ; they may be called grey with mfous bare, bnt I shoold
consider the oolour greyish brown ; certainly they are not rufous
with grey bars."
In the Bogota birds the primariea have the outer webs barred
with rufons and brown, while thr innrr webi are rufous, with narrov
undulated greyith-firown ban ; the secondariee outwardly are almost
regularly barntd with broader brown bars and narrower rufous ones,
between them there are obsolete narrow blackish bare ; the under
wing-coverts are rufous with crescentic greyish-brown bars; the
greater ones or last row have pale rufous and grey bars.
Home specimens are thickly dotted with reddish white on the
upper parts and wings.
In the Bogota specimens there is also a good deal oE variation in
the rufous colour of the underparts, in some specimens deep chest-
nut, in othera clear rufons.
The Bogota birds differ from the type in having ttie inner web of
the primaries di»li<netly rafbut, freckled with greyiah bars, and the
greater under wing-coverts dusky grey, regularly barred with
rufous &om the base and not only at the tip. Possibly when a
larger series is available it will be found convenient to separate
specifically the Bogota birds from thoae from Venezuela. Also the
birds from Ecuador, which by Taczanowaki and Berlepech are said
to be somewhat different, require comparison.
Young (&om the interior of New Uranada). Similar to the adult
(specim. d) in colouring, bat the black feathers of the head sprinkled
with white dots ; throat paler reddish white.
ifab. Venesuela, and, i£ the same, also Bogota and £cuador.
Valley of Afngiia, VeneitaelH. Dyann Coll-
2. NOTHOCEBCDS. 513
and more greyish brown : under eurfaco of the qnilla leas nifona,
being greyish, freckled with pale rufoua bars, not rufous freckled
with grey bars ; under iving-coverta iilso more greyish, barred with
rufouB, the last row or greater under wtn^-coverlt uniform grey with
no barrings whatever; "upper mandible black, the lower dusky
yellowish ; tarsi and toes fleshy dark brown " {Praiitzitu, jidf
Latvrenee). Total length 15 inches, wing S-S-Olo, tail 2-50,
culmen 2-20-2-25. tarsus 2-70.
Hah. Costa Rica,
a. Ad. sk.
Panama.
Sulvin-Godnian Coll.
6. Ad. sk.
Irazu, UoBta Ilica (/f. Rwjen).
tfalvin-Oodraan Coll.
e. Ad. sk.
CoaM Rica (D. G. Elliot).
Salvin-aadman Coll.
d. Ad. sk.
Coeta Rica.
^urch!i*Dd.
L
5. Hothocercua intercedens.
NothocercuB bonapartii, A'elat. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 548 (Con-
cordia, Fronttno in AnCioi^uia).
PTinarauB niffricapiiliis. part., SchUy. (nee O. E. Gr.) Miu. P.-B.,
■nnami, p- je, specim. '2 (Medellin) (1880;.
Advit male. Upper part aud sides of the head with the ocdput
black ; throat whitish, washed with rufescent ; lower neck and
upper parts rulbua brown, waved with black lines ; breast and
abdomen rufescent ochreous brown, almost uniform along the
c«iitral part, but the upper part of the breast distinctly waved with
black lines ; aides and flanks olive-brown, waved with black linos ;
centre of the lower abdomen lighter, with narrow blackish bars and
whitish dots ; tbigbs oUvc-brown, barred with black ; under tail-
coverts olive-brown waved with black ; upper wing-coverts like the
back, but the greater ones with some whitish dots ; (Quills, in the
closed wings, olive-brown with irregidar black bars and others
rafeaccnt; primariw with rufous and blackish irregular bars on
the outer web, on the inner web more rufescent grej-, freckled or
irr^ularly barred with blackish ; under aspect of the quills barred
with greyish brown and dull reddish ; under wing-coverts barred
with greyish brown and rufescent, the greater or last row much
lighter, with greyish and dull or pale rufescent bars ; tail waved with
olive-brown and blackish : " iris dark*' (Salmmt) : upper mandible
dusky, lower mandible pale ; feet olive-brown in the dry skin.
Total length about 16 inches, wing 8-75, tail 2-60, culmon 1-25,
tarsus 1-70.
Another specimen, also marked maU, differs in having the lower
back and upper tail-coverts conspicuously spotted with white ; the
wings with many more whitish or buff spots, the rufous bars on the
quills broader; the abdomen and thighs are also conspicuously
spotted with white ; the barrings on the under surface of the quills
are broader.
This species is easily distinguished from N. bonapartd and If.
frantzii by the whitish throat, only washed with rufescent ; besides
Toi„ xxvn. 2 L
£14 Turuiii>.s.
it liBB the ned darker &aa both the other epedea ; on the upper
parts it is more like N.franixii, and in the greater or last row of
lower under wing-ooverts being barred it resembles S. honapartn —
in fact is intermediate betweon the two.
Hab. Antioqnia, XT.S. of Colombia.
a, (^ ad. ak. Frotitino, 11.3. of Colombia Salvin-Oodman CoU.
{7". A', atdmon). (Type of species.)
i,c <; ad. sk. Concordia, U.S. of Colombia SalTin-Oodman GolL
(T. K.Salmon}.
■A. CEYPTDETTS. „,_
Type.
Gi7ptuiu8, lUig. Prodr. Mamm. et Ao. p. 244 (1611) . . C. cinerens.
Rantje. From Northern Mexico to Pern and the Argentine
Bepablio.
Ket/ to the Speatt *.
I. Upper parts not barred, ndther distinctly
Tcrmiculated, but nearly uniform, both in
males and females adult
a. General colour neatly uniform greyiah
brown; only the upper part of the head
and nape rufous brown tin^rettt, p. 617.
b. Head greyish brown or even btat^h
above, not uniform with the body, which
ta more or less rufous brown.
a'. Breast more or less rufous chestnut
a''. Tliroat grey,
a'". Hind neck rufous chestnut like
the back.
. l]reBft,nbdomeu,andbackiiesrly
uniform br" '■-'■- > - -
3. C&YPTUBUB. Sli
b'". Hind neck ftfeyiah brown, not
chestnut like tbe back.
cr*. Back rufous brown : larger, tar-
Hiis 1-9 inch oftfoJUtM, p, 610.
rf*. Bock ADd winjTB olive-brown :
smaller, taraua 1-6 cere niivn^riJ, p. 620.
b". ThroHt whitish, sometimes wnshed
with rufous or gray, but never de-
cidedly rufous or grey; eizeimallat,
wing 5-4 inches ; ffeoeral colour veiy
vsrtablH, bright ruiroU8,rufous-bR)wn,
olivB-brown, or even olive, but lower
prtrts clearer nlong tbe middle,
bright rufous or pole ocbreous
fulvous pileaUu, p. 522.
('. Breast greyish, witli no rufoos tinge ;
back and wings chestnut ; bead grey.
e". Larger : culmen 0 90-0-95 tataum, p, 526.
rf". Smaller : culmen O0o-0-70 pareu-ottri», p. 628.
n. Upper pM-b, especially the upper wing-
coverts, mora or lean diatiiictly vermicu-
lated, or, if barred, with indistinct very pale
c. Black vermiculfttioua nearly confined [«
the upper wiog-coverts and outer web
of secondaries ; bock nearly uniform ;
upper part of head and nape sliity black ;
tliroBt dark ashy houmrdi J, p. 544.
d. Dusky vermiculatioDS confined to tbe
upper wiog-coverts and changing into
black and rufescent or rufous-grey ban
on the back.
e*. UppOT part of the head entirely block ; .
tne pmnaries very dark greyirfj brown, '
nearly black unrlulatw, p, 627.
rf". Upper part of ihe head blackish brown
anteriorly; primaries pale greyiah
hrown Kolopax J , p. 528.
un pm au TJolatre surlout lur \ea cdUa. lea plume* de la region jugulaire ver-
miraUca dans leur partie terminale do plus loncj d'une maniire bhcz distincte ;
poitrin* blanche sur le oiitieu el arise lar les odt^ ; abdomon iubelle,Bveo dM
raie* brunes neu nombreuns sur 1m n/Aia du bas-rentre ; sona-oaudalca rouMea
ft la base, iaabelle i roilr^niit^, i diique noir et une rais Inmsvemle fecIonii6e.
Ails* bruD erisAlru, a tectricn grantlfs, mddianes et petttes (oimDes bordies a
rcntnfniil^ de blanobiltre, ces boraures prAc^fea d'une raie ou tache brune ; Ics
r6migB> woocdaira bard^ ii I'eiUrieur d'une lirie de lacbee fauTsa irrceu-
liires et lermin^ d'uno pareille bordure sur la barbe exieme; nus-alnirea
bUnchAtroa au milieu de I'aile et bninn le long du botd; iMgrandei tectrioea et
la page inf£rieure dea rfimign d'un condri pcrl^ olair. Becttioes oendrfea jt U
baae. de la oouleur du dos k TeitremiU. van£ei aux bordi de quelques taebea
huvwt lUohoi re brune. aiindibulejauDfttrepAle: pattea rouna. LoD|;ueurde
I'aile 162. queue 43, beo 37, tarsus 4G, doigt median avec I'on^ 35 millimetres."
( r(un»»"K)
Bah. Leobugal. Peru.
The type of this ^eciB« coUeotad by Jelati, belongs to tbe Boimondi
twUection, in the Lima Museum,
This apeciei seemi allied bo C. itrigaioaia and C. aythropui.
!. Diukv Termicul&tioDB all over the
buk.
i. Bieaat whitish or grejish, with do di»-
tjnct rufous tinge ; thioat whitish or
whitiab grej.
«". Neck difltiDctlj nifeecent, with
brown ban, yetj consjucuous also
in front toalopax J, p. 528.
/". Neck notdi8tiiictlyTufeBceiit,neither
distiiictlf barred.
r"'. nanks mfesceot, more or less
distinctly barred with brown.
e*. Flanks, if barred, with a few
brown bars ; rump and upper
tail-coverts greyiah olive like
the beck and similarly freckled
with duskv lines ad^ernu, p. S39
f*. Flanks with narrow dusky bars ;
nunp and upper tful-coverts
greyish rufous brown, with
nearly legular narrow black
bars orviJmtalu d , p. 646.
ef". Flanks with no distinct rufous
tinpe.
ff*. Sides of the head greyish, also
the upper tsil-coverts greyish
or olive-grey, different irom the
olive-brown back einplea; p. S31,
h'. Sides of the head dark brown ;
KppBt teil-coverte olive-brown,
nearly tmiform with the
back baUmi, p. 531.
/'. Bteaat rufous.
If". Throat rufous; breast bright rufous,
«"'■ Hind neck toown-black ; post-
'ieijatut, p. 535.
i«, p. 541.
i. Neck &11 rounclbrif^lit rufous chestnut.
i'. Upper part af the bend bUck.
jr"'. Feathers of the bacic ftnd rump
anrt upper wing^overtu with
more than one rufoua bar, and with
the black tipa rather narrow
A'". Fenthers of the back and rump
and upper wing-eovert8 with only
one rufous bar, and the black lipa
rstlier broad talvini, p. 537.
ft". Upper part of the head rusty red
{Vim Petseln) hreeiroUria, p. 638.
k'. Neck all round not eatirely rufous
cheetDut.
t'. Nape brown, with no rufoufl tinge ;
breuat pule ochreotu bartlrth, p. -538.
1^^ m". Nape rufous, with a vinous tiag«.
^^L t". Lower fore neck and upper breast
^^1 I*. A broad superciliary stripe ru-
^^1 fescent
^^B k*. No diatinct auperdliarv fltripe . .
^^M A"'. Lower fore neck and breast ru-
^^M feaceut; seldom a grey tiuge on
^^M the fonner.
^^M f. Tarsus longer, 3'06 inches; tail
^^m regularl; barred bctou
^H m'. Taraua shorter, 1'8-1'9 1 l«il
^^1 barred onlj on the inner web
^^M of the featliera tiu.rteaniu $ , p. 545.
^^M n". Nape brown ; lower neck and breast
^^M dark grey bovcardi $ , p. 544.
^H o". Nape Tufoos brown ; lower fore
^H neck and breast greyish brown,
^H washed with ochreous olive eoburAianat, p, 540.
^K J. Lower parts whitish, with no rufescent
^U tinge trem/atciatut, p. 546.
^1
^B Tet
Li
1. Cryptnrus cinereoB.
Tinamou eendrS, Buff. Ulst. Xat. OU. iv. p. 610 (CaTenne) (1778).
CSnereous Tiniunou, Lath. Sun. a. •!, p. 720, n. i (1783).
Tetrw rinereus, Gm. 8. N. i. 2, p. 768, n. 64 (1788).
Tlnamus dnereus, Lath. Ind. Orit. ii. p. fi33, n. 2 (1790); Temm.
P^. et OoIUh. iii. pp. 674, 750 (1816) ; Steph. Oen. Zaol. li 2,
PL CoL i. Tali. Mith. p. 87 (1838) ; G. R. Of. Oen.
(1844) ; id. Lid B. Brit. Mia. iii. p. S2 (1844) ;
JfcAxA. S^. ^0., Gallinacew, t. 286. f. 16«4 (1848); O. R. Gr.
Lid Oallma Brit. Mu». p. 98 (Cayenne) (1807); PeU. Om. Bra*.
pp. 292, 46;), Iv (1871) ; Gieh. Tht: On. iii. p. 03fi (1877).
Tinamus cinerea, Buna. Enc. Mfth. \. p. 226, n. 2 (1791).
'^..
onereuB, lUig. Frodr. Mamm, et Ac. p. 245 (ISll);
<W/. Sutt. Av., gen. Cryptunia, ap. 5 (1827); id. Itii, 1829,
p. 746 (Surinam) ; Tick. Arch. /. Naturg. 1844, i. p. 307, d. 27?
(Peru); trf. J'ttUB.iVi-., ^tw, p.46, n. 4, p. 283 (1846) ; Tlamrm.
Fort^ma. p. 23, t. v. f, 3 (egg) (184r)J ; Licht. Norn. Av. p. 87
(Branl) (1864) ; £«rm. TB. Brat. iii. p. 317 (ISSO) ; Bp. Q>mpt.
Batd. xlii. p. 881, n. 319 (1856) ; id. Tabl. ParaU. Vallin. (£rtrwrf),
p. 12, n, 817 (1850) ; G. K. Gr. Hand-litt, iii. p. 4, n. 98e9 (1871) ;
Sdat. j- 8ah. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 310 (Chamicuros and SanlA Cruz) ;
Hd. Nomencl. Av. Keotrop. p. 152 (Guima et Amaionia) (1873) ;
SeUeg. Mu». P.-B., Tinatm, p. 20 (1880) ; Taa. On. Per. iii.
p. 300, Tablei, p. 107 (1886) ; Heine u. Bchnw. Norn. Mus. Hein.
Om. p. 303 (Surinam) (1890).
FS!
•tura cinerea, VieUl. N. D. xixiy. p. 102 (1819).
IB Cttruleue, " LatJi.;' Leu. Man. ii. p. 206 (1828).
f Cryptunii meffapodius, Bp. Compt. Bend. dii. p. OTA (Cayenne?)
(1856); id. T<ai. Parafl. GaUiu. (£r/i-iiri), p. 12, n. 318, p. 16
(1856) ; G. B. Gr. Hand-litt., iii. p. 4, u. 987u (1871).
Tinamiis megapodiua, G. S. Gr. Hit Gailiiia Br. Mu». p. 101, n. 28
(1807) ; Oieb. Thei. Om. iii. p. 636 (1877
Crjptiinu] aMimilis, MtM. Timob., " " '
p. 20 (pfkle vknetj) (1860).
[Crjptiinu] aMimiliB, Miu. Vindob., fide Schleg. .Vu*. P.-B., Timml,
Adult. Greyiah brown, nearly nniform, on)]- the nppcr part of the
head, ear-covertB, and nape tinged with rufoua brown ; throat grey-
ish ; shoftB of the feathera of the aides of the head and throat white ;
nnder tail-ooTerta with obsolete duaky and rufous hars : " bill brown
hom-colonr (in diy akin whitish undumonth) ; feet yellowish brown ;
iridea light haael "^ ( Whitely). Total length 1 2-5 inches, wing 7-7-4,
tail 2, onlmen 1, tarans 2-2-2.
Female. Somewhat larger than the male.
Foutuj. " UjipiT parts dark smoky brown, lower parts paler, with
the feathers slightly edged witli fulvous ; abdomen with a few
7- 9 nd.ak. Santa Cruz, on liie Hualla^ SHlTin-Godmaa Coll.
Rirer, E. Peru, Sept. (i".
BarUelt).
2. Cryptnras obsoletiiB.
iDambii azuUdo, Axar. Apimt. iii. p. 5^, a. .t:]0 (IS05).
nQamuB obsolstuH, Tfmm, Pig. H GaiUn. iii. pp. S8S, 751 (Braiil
Kai Faraguaj) (18lr>) ; HUph. Oen. Zoot. xi. % p. 413 (1819);
Ttmm. PI. CW, 196(1823); Ste^. Om. ifoot xiv. p, 307 (1838);
Temm. PL Col., genre Tinamau, en. 12 (1626) ; Lett. Man. ii.
L207 (18281; id. Tr. d-Ont.f. 513 (1831); id. (hmfi. de Bi#.
i ed. 0«. p. 238 (1838) ; Temm. Ft. Coi. i. TaN. MHk. p. 87
(1830) ; G.R.6T. Gen- B. iii. p. 624, n. 12 (1*44) ; iicAiiA. Syn.
A f.. aamnaceffi, t 285. ff. 1508^ (1848) ; G. R. Gr. LiU Gtiliirup
Brit.Mut. n. 99 (pwt., Braiil and Bolivia) (1867); Brinh. Fid.
Med. naturh. Forrm. 1870, p. 48 (Liwoa dos Pitoa, Suiuidoilro,
LftRoa Santa) ; Feh. Orn. Snu. pp, 392, 453, Iv (Uatbidentru,
Ypanema, Itarart) (1871) ; Oiefi. T/iet. Om. iii. p. 637 (1877).
CtypCura cierulaacens, yieili. N. D. xzxir. p. 101 (1819) (a- Atara).
Ttnamua cKTulesceiiB, Vieilt. Enc. MUh. L p. 372 (1830).
Crypturiu obwletus, Licht. Vert. Doubl. p. 68, n. 703 (San Paulo)
(1823); WV- V*- Av.,gen. Crypturua, ap. 11 (1827); TieA.
Arch. f. Naturg. 1844, i. p. 307, n. 280 (Pern) i Thienem. Fori-
gflam. t. V. f. 7 {eag) (1846) ; Ttck. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 46, a. S
(1846); UdU. Norn. Av. p. 87 (18-54); Bp. Chmpt. Send, xli],
p. 881. n. 326 (1856) ; id. Tabl. ParaU. OaUin. {Extract), p. 12,
n. 332 (1856) ; Burm. Th. Bra*, iii. p. 316 (Neu-FreibuiK) (1856) ;
Euler, J. f. O. 1867, p. 418 ((!(tg) j G. B. Or. Hand-lint, iii. p. 4,
n. 9872 il87l); Selat. ^ Salv. Nomtnel. A<>. NtUnp. p. 152
(Braiil and l*arayuaT) (1873) ; ? Taet. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 603 (Mon-
tarico) ; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 230 ; Si-rbv, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 361
(egff); Selat. * Sale. P.Z.S. 1878, p. ^2 (Tilotilu, BoIiTm) ;
SMv. Mut. P.-if., Tinami, p. 22 (Unuil and New Ornnada?)
(1880); ToK. P. Z. .5. 1882, p. 49 (Cbirimoto, N.E. Peru) ; &/i..
Cat. B.Strifkl. CoU.p. B40,d. 3112 (1882) ; Sclat. Liit Vert. Ah.
Bth ed. p. 54.^ (Zool, Gard-t (1883) ; Bvrl. u. Jher. Zeitichr. get.
Oth. 1885, p. 184 (Taqusra do Muodo Novo) ; Too.. Om. Pir. ilL
p. 296, raiisK, p. 106(1886); BeH.J.f. 0. 1887 j). 126, n. 360;
SrM. S( Hvd*. Argrnt. Om. ii. p, 207 (18891 ; Heine u. Schnur.
Nom. Mm. Heio. Orn. p. 303 (Bio OreodB and Monterideo)(1890) ;
Hartert, Kat. Vogeliammi. p. 206, d. 8006 (1891).
Crypturus obecurua, " ifcA(," (errore), Gieb. Thei. Om. i
(1877) ; Taez. Om. Pir. iii. p. 296 (1886) (in lyn. C. obwle'ti).
P Crypturufl ciwreiu., While {nee Gm), P. Z. S. 1882, p. 629 (Salta).
Adult ntnlt. Head and upper neok dusky grey, tliroat paler ub-
grey ; lower hind neck brown ; upper parts rufous brown, slightly
Termiculatcd with duaky ; lower parts rufoas cheatnut, abdomen
paler ; feathers of the lower flanks and abdomen with creaceiitic
brown bara, producing a scale-like appearance ; under tail-covertft
deep brown, variegated and edged with ochreous rufeaoent; pri-
maries and under wing-covetta greyish, the greater under wing-
oorerta paler grey : tail rufous brown : " bill reddish brown ; iris
orange ; feet pale brown, or of a dead-leaf colour " (jJatra) ; " lull
ooral-red" {FteiHot); "iris brown, ochreoiu, red, or red-brown"
(Jherinff) ; "feet greenish flesb-brown colour like tbe upper nun-
dible " {Burmeuiter). Total lengtb about 10-5 inolies, wing 6-5,
onlmen 0-95, tarsus 1-9.
FanaJs. Similar to the male, only paler on the abdomen.
The larger specimens have the apper part of the head and nape
much darker, nearly black.
A youttff bird, apparently belon^g to this apeciee (Forest of
Itaborari, on the Bio UaoocoD, ilftu. Turin), is duller, has the throat
paler greyish, the upper parts finely Tormiculated and with a few
blackish and whitish huff dots, and the lower fore neck and the
breast distinctly barred with brown.
Taczanowski mentions two Peruvian races, both differing &om
the Brazilian birds in having a darker grey throat and the bill
much smaller, and he gives the fallowing diagnoses of tbem : —
Firtt race (Central Peru). Upper parts darker and less rufescent,
middle of the abdomen broadly fulvous and paler, distinctly different
from the colour of the flanks, where the dark bars are less distinct ;
the smoky-grey colour of the sides of the head distinctly washed
with reddish ; iris orange.
Second race (Northern Peru). Upper parts paler and more mfes-
^ «ent, abdomen brighter ; iris brown.
Sab. Paraguay, Argentiue, Brazil, and, if the same species, Co-
lombia and a^ Peru. The Colombian birds mentioned by Scbl^^
probably belong t« C. caataneua,
«. Ad. St BraiiL Zool. Soc.
b. Ad. sk. Braxil. M. CUussen [P.l
c, <f. (f S ad. St. Brazil [Verrtaux CoU.). Purchased.
e. Ad. sk. Bruil F {Boucard CoU.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
3. CRIPIDBCB.
521
rnfeecent or buff; nnJer tail-coserts rufous buff, strongly borrL-d
with black, the tips rufous buff; primaries greyish brown, second-
ftries oliTe-brown verniiculated or dotted with dusky : marginal
auder wing-coverts brown-grey, the lust row grey dusted with
brown, central ones whitish grey; tail olive-brown, the lateral
feathers edged with whitish buff, and with a black line inside the
pale edge : bill dusky, lower mandible pale ; feet horn-brown.
Total length about 10 inches, wing fi'4, tjiil 1'8, culmen 0'9,
tanns I'd.
Baft. Venezuela.
Veoedieln [Spence).
l^ftUin-Godroan Coll. (Type of
f
4. CryptnruB griseiventriB.
Similar to C. ohioUtun and C. eastaneus, and intermediate between
the two. Differs from C. olteoUtiis in having the bind lower neck
rufous chestnut, like ( '. castaneut, and the upper parts of a moch
brighter rufous chestnut, nearly as in C. atstaneut; sides of the
head posteriorly tinged with rufous ; lower breast and abdomen
dull greyish with obsolete creaeentio brown bars ; under tail-ooverts
as in C. obtoUlTu; tail rufous chestnut like the back; feet oUre:
b>c8 mnoh shorter than in either C. obsoletus or C. castaneiu. Total
length about 12 inches, wing ti'S, tail 2, culmen 0'9, tarsus 1'62,
middle toe without claw 0'92.
Hab. Santarem oil the Amazons, Brazil,
a, b. 1mm. or
moultiiig, sk.
Sal'
L-Oodman Coll.
(Types of spedes.)
5. CrTptnras caBtasens. (Plate IX.)
Tinamus castaneus. ScM. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 277 (Bogota) ; Gieft. The*.
On., iii. p. 635 (1877).
Ilnamus obsoletus, pait., G. R. Gr. List Galling Bril. Mia. p. 90
(1867).
CrrptuniB castaneuB, G. R. Gr. Hand-lid, iii. p. 4, n. 0881 (1871);
&iat. 4- Salt: yomeacl. An. Nmiivp. p. 152. u, 3 (1873).
Advlt (type). Similar to C. obtoletax, bnt of a much brighter
chestnut both above and below, and also on the lower part of the
hind neck ; scarcely any trace of vermiculntions on the back : upper
part of the head and nape smoky black ; forehead and sides of the
head dark grey ; throat paler grey ; feathers of the ubdomcn and
flanks brown, with ochreous-butf apical bars ; under tail-covertA
ocbreons buff, centred with brown, some variegated with brou-non the
outer webs ; quiUs dark greyish brown, tcrtials tinged with chestnut ;
upper wing-coverts chestnut tike the back, but the bidden base
brown ; under wing -coverts greyish brown, the lost row pale grey
like the under surface of the qnilla ; tail brown : upper mandible
block, the lower whitish ; feet in dry skin reddish brown. Total
622 raAutHM.
teogtii about 10 inches (the diy shin only 8'6), wing 6, tail ftbent 2^
eolmen 0*9, tarana 1*9.
Only known from the type specimen,
3ab. Bc^ta (New Granada).
*. Ad. ek. BoffoU. SclAter ColL
(Type of species.)
6. Cryptnmfl pileatns.
Soui on Pdtit Timunou de Cayenne, B'Aubatf. Pi. JShL 829.
Soui, Buff. Hist. Nat. Oil. iv. p. 612 (1778).
Tetwo pTleatus, Bodd. Tabl. Pi. Etd. p. 61, n. 829 (1783).
Little Tinamou, Lath. liyn. ii. 2. p. 727, n. 4 (1783).
TetMo BOvi, Gm. 8. N. i. 2, p. 768, n. 06 (1788J.
Tinamiu soui, Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 834, n. 4 (1790); Bonn. Bnc.
Mm. i. p. 22S, pi. 90. f. 3 {lf91}i Temm. Pig. rt OaOin. iii.
pp. 697,762 (1816) ; Steph. Gen. Zoot. xL 2, p. 418 (1810) ; Teium.
PL oa.,gmrt Tinamou, sp. 16 (J826) ; La*. Man. ii. p. 207 (1838) :
W. TV. dOm. y. 612 (1831); id. Compl. de Bi^. Stad ed., Om.
p. 240 (1838) ; Trmm. PI. Col. i., Tabl. Mith. p. 87 (1839).
Cryptura wui, Vieill. N. D. Miiv. p. 107 (1819).
Ciypturug sovi, Licht. Verv. Dinibl v. 68, n. 706 (Bahia) (1828);
Wagl. Syit. Av.,gen. Cryptunu, ep. 10 (1827) ; Thientm. For^tojo,
p. 2S, Ub, T. f. 9 (184€) ; Cab. in Sehcmb. Sea. Brit. Gtuan. iii.
p. 748 (1848); Licht. A'om.Av.f.67 (1864); Pp. Coa^t. Btnd.
xlii. p. 881, a. 328 (1856); id. Tabl. Parall. Oallin. {Extract),
p. 12, n. 327, p. la (1856) ; Bum. Tfi. Bra*, iii. p. 816 (\WS).
IliiamuB Bovi, Wied, Beilr. ii. p. 522 (liio Belmoote) (1832) ; Marti,
agtt. Verz. Gt>. Mm». p. 105 (1844) ; O. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 624,
n. 11 (1844) ; Uot. Oi». THmd. p. 385 (1886) ; Gieb. The*. Om.
3. CRmusua.
523
1879, p. 548 (Cauca, Antioquia): Sehlej/. Mua. P.-B., "nnaiiu,
p. 24 (1880); Zekdoti, Cat. Av. Cuita JUai, p. 29 (1B83J ;
Xvttm, jpr. U.S. Nat. Mut. v. p. 409 (1882) (Coaw Rica) ; Sciat.
List Vert. An. 8lh ed. p. 545 (Zool. Gard.) {1883} ; Taa. Jj- Berl.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 113 ( YaguBchi, Ecuador) * ; Xeled. Pr. U.S. Nat.
Miu. 1885, p. 112 rCosta Rvm) -. Sale. Ibis, 1881), p. 181 (Bnt.
Guiana); ZeUd. An. Mtu.Nac. Rep. Cgta Sica. 188T. p. 128; Allot,
BuU. Amer. Mm. N. H. ii. p. 112 (Bolivi«) (1889) ; Tiistr. Cat.
Cell. B. p. 2 (Ueoiernn) (1889); Heiiu u. Sohnw. Norn. Mia.
Bein. Orn. p. 304 (Uiuana) (1800); Sarterl, Kat. VogeltammL
p. 206, n. 309T (1801) ; lOchn. Pr. U.H. Nal. .Vtu. x\i. p. 625
(Nicaragua) (189.1) ; Chapm. Bull. Atnee. Mm. N. U. vi, p. 85
(Trinidad) (1894).
Tinamua jnodestus, Gicb. TAei. Oni. lii. p. ft'!" (1877).
Cmiturua pileatug meserytlirUB, Schliy. iliia. P.-B., Tiaami, p. 2.5
(1880).
Crypturua ap. P, Tarz. ^ Berl. P. Z. S. 188.1, p. 677 (Cliimbn).
Crvpturus sp.. Tac:. ^ Berl. P. Z. S. 1S85, p. 120 (Babalioyo Mid
timeraldag, Fra*er).
Cryplurus sp. noT., Taci. * Beid. /. e. p, 121.
'^>
i parvirodtris, Tacz. (nee iFiy/,) Oni. Ptr. iii. p. 398
I
I
Kuu Bmall ; not barred ; general oolour more or less rufoos,
rnfous brown, olive-brown, or oven olive ; lower parts clearer ; the
meiial parts from bright riifoua ciaoamon to i>a1o ochrcous fulvous;
sides from chestnut to olive ; throat white, Bometimes waahed with
rufooa or with grey, but never decidedly rufous or grey; upper part
and aides of head and uape blackish or brown, ur even greyish;
tiotiictunes a bright rufouni stripe along the malar region; neck
bright clieatnut or rufous brown, or even dusky ; feathers of the
flanks with lighter tips, which jiroduce the ap[>earance of the flanks
lieing obsoletely barred ; under t«il-covert« fulvous buif, nearl]
uniform, sometiroes centred with black or more or less freckled with
brown; upper wing-coverts like the back, tjuills blackish; under
wing-ooverta brownish along tbo edge of the wing, the last row
pale grey, the central ones whitish grey: " upper mandible horn-
brown, the lower horn-grey, darker towards the lip; feet olive-grey ;
irides grey" {Sto/i?«nnii); "iridca very light brown " (J/ftMnnan).
Total length about 9 inches, wing 5'4, tail I'T-i, culmen 075,
tarsus I'll.
A yovnij bird in flrst plumage from Bartica Urove has the feathers
of the upper parts with aubapica] black spots and pale tipe : the
upper wing-ooverla have pale buff tips, forming two pale alar bars
at the tip of the median and greater ones; the lower parta are
rafous, with black bar-like marks espeeially on the flanks.
Immaturt hinh from Roraima have the upper parts olive-brown,
the top and sides of head greyish hroira ; the upper wing-covert«
and Upper tail-coverts burred at the tip with pale ocbroous ; lower
|iuts oohreons ; tliroat white.
■ Thanka to Mr. fitoUmann. I have eianiined tlje apeciinen fnitn YagiuKhi ;
it it a tn&le uiil noL a feiaile, h aCstcd {I. c), exact!/ lite otiwr fpocimeni froia
Bibala, Chiriqui.
The variations in this species are so great that it is impossible to
give a description which can apply to each specimen, even adult.
The brighter coloured birds are those from Bartica Grove, Britieh
Ooiana (i^ e), thepaler are from BalzarUoant^Ds(t, u) ; specimens
from Antioqaia (a^) and Nicaragua («',/') also often h«ve the neck
very dark brown in front. Noth withstanding the large series in the
British Uoseiun, we must watt for larger series from each locality to
decide whether several races can be recognized. C. nteserythrta,
Sdat., &om Mexico, is very little brighter than some specimens Irom
Brazil, and much duller than the Guiana birds; to the Central
American dark-necked form, if distinct, the name C, modettai, Cab,
may be applied.
Bab. Guiana, sonth to Brazil and Bolivia, west to Peru, Ecnador,
Oolombia, and Central America, north to Mezioo.
a. Ad. sk. 8. America (Ouiana). Old Collection (X«(i^
btater).
b, Q. iS imm. sk. Rorumn, Brit Guiana, Nov. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(H. hliitefy).
d) «. / $ ad. et BarticH Grove, Brit Guiana, Salvin-Godman ColL
juv. sk. Oct-,Dec., Jan. (JT. WhOefif).
fAd. St Brazil M. Clausseu [P.]. I
Ad. St. Brazil. Old Collection. (
(Tmamm patrirotlru, G. R. Gr. list QslL p. 81.)
»'. Ad. St Brazil ? Dr. J. E. Grey [P.].
k, I. Ad, sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman OolL
m. cf ad. sk. Pari, Brazil, Dee. {Ellmt). Tweeddale Coll.
n, o. Ad. sk. Bahia, BrazU ( Wiieherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
P, q. Ad. et S hum, Rjo de Janwo. Alex. Frv, Esq. [F.].
sk.
r, tS sd. sk. Malto Qrosso, Brazil, Nov. Salvin-Oodnum CoU.
(JVofierer).
Cbyavetaa, "
f-m'. 2 ad. el «d. Choctinn,
GuatemalB, Jul. SalTia-OodniaD Coll.
(O. Sah-in).
Plava Vicente. April 1859. SBlTio-GodmaD CoU.
(Type of Tmamu niMerjrfAnw, Sclat.)
Mexico (VerreauJ^I. Saivin-Godman Coll.
7. CryptnraB tataopa.
TaUiipa, Aiar. Apunt. iii. p. 48, n- 339 (1905).
Ananias tataupa, Tetnm. Pig. rt GaUin, iii. T
Se.7i;b. Gen. Zm/.xi. 2, p. 415(1819)1 VieiU.
ra. 590. 752 (1816);
'ElK.MHh. i. n.37l
(1820): SM.Gni.Zoo7.Tiv.l,p..507(1826)
"" "" ; Ltis.Man.\\.^
p. 515(1832); J>«.ai»np/.
; id. Tr.
^auvTinamou, ep. 13 (1826); £tis.Man.\
<rO™. p.al3(1831); Wied,BfUr.r
deSvfiuied. Oi>. p. 2.30(1838); Temm. H OJ.. i. Tabl. MM.
S87 (1839) ; G. A Or. Gm. S. iii. p. nU, n. 13 (l&M) ; a. Ztrt if.
nt Mui. iii. p. 53 (1844) ; Hartl. lad. Ann-., Append, p. 21, n. 31%
(1847)! -»^"o- V' '*"■' f'sltinsce*. "*>■ 286. ff. 1565-66(1848)
(«r rnnm. ^ «wom«.) ; G. R.Gr. Gra. a, Append, p. 25 tl»49);
Mf. Zw( Oflflmw Brit. .Hv*. p. B8 (Bolivia) (1867) ; Etdtr, J.f. O.
1887, pp. 185. 180, 190, 198 ; SemA. Vid. Med. naturh. Form.
1870, p. 40 (Minna Geraes) ; Pdz. Om. Brai. pp. 294, 464, Iri
(Rio Janeiro, SApitiba, Mattodentio, YpaneiQB, fiogheno do Cap.
Gama) (1871); Gieb. Tku. Om. iii. p. (138 (sni. Bmeod.) (1877).
Ctyptum tataupB, VieUl. N. D. xisiv. p. 108 (1819).
Tinamufl Mlaupa, Tar., Swaia*. ZofJ. III. i. pi. IS (1820-21).
Cryptunis tataupa, Lic/il. T'crs. Doubl. p. B8, n. 707 (S«i Panio)
(1823) ; Waffl. Suit. Av., gen. UirptoruB, sp. 12 (1837) ; id. bit,
1S29, p. 747 ; ftck. Aivh. /. h'aturg. 1844, i. p. 307, n. 276
(Peru); id. Faun. Per., Jn-»,p. 46 (1846); Bunii.J./. O. 1863,
L176 (,ega) ; id. Tkirr. Brat. ui. p. 314 (Neu-Freiburg and l.ag<w
nU) (1866) i Pp. Omipt. Bend, ziti, p. 881, n. 322 (1866) : id.
Taftt ParaU. Galiin. (Ettract). p. 13, n. 323 (1856) ; Eukr,
J. f. O. 1867, p. 417 (effft) ; G. B. Gr. Band-titt, iii. p. 4, n. 0870
(1871) ; Sclat. * Saip. Nom. Av. Neotrop. p. 162, n. 5 (S. Bnuiil
•ndParagusT) (1873); Oift. /./. O. 1874, p. 230; ForfKt. P.Z.S.
1877, p. a07 (bursa l-'abricii) ; Sale. Ibis. 1830, p. 364 (SalU) ;
Schleg. Mus. P.-B., Tinami. p. 21 (1880); Fartiei, Ibii, 1881,
p. 369 (N.E. BtmU) ; &/c. Cat. B. Strtdd. CoU. p. 640, n. 3113
(1882); Wkite, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 629 (Oran, Salta) ; Sdal. Lut
VeH. An. 8th ed. p. 545 (Zool, Gard.) (1883); Ba-I. u. Jfter.
Zeittchr. get. Om. 188.% p. 184 (Taquara do Mimdo novo, Rio
Grande do Sul) ; Taa. Om. P4r. iii. p. 297, TabUt, p. 108 (1886) ;
Berl J. f. O. 1887, pp. .37, 126 (Paraguay); Sclat. ^ Buds.
Argatt. Om. ii. p. 208 (l'^89); Urine u. Rhhnw. Nom. Mus. Sein.
■Or«.p.303(Braiil) (1890); JVnji. J./. O. I8!)l,p. 123; HarteH,
Eat.rogeUamml.^. 200. n. 3099 (1891) ; AUen, BhU. Amer. Mu».
N. H. V. pp. 151 (young in down), 168 (egw. Matto GrosM) (1893) ;
Saivad. Boll. Mut. Zool, edi Anal. Comp. Tor. x. n. 208, p. 24 (Rio
Apa) (1895).
Pezus Diambu, ^nir, .^n, Srai. ii. p. 63. t. Iviii.n. (1826).
"Hnainus plumbeiis, Mtu. Parii ; Ltu. Tr. d'Om. p. 513 (1831).
CryptiiniB lepidotUB, Sa. Clan. B. ii. p. 345 (1837).
Notliimi talaupa, Licht. Nrrni. Av. p. 87 (1854).
H^ Adult male. Head, neck, and upper breast grey : upper part of
^k the head darker, ocorly block, in some specimena tinged witb an
£26 Tin AMI DS.
olive vash ; throat whitiBh grey ; upper parte uniform che«tnat-
brown ; abdomen whiti'ih ; sides grejish ; lover flanks block, eaofa
feather ed^d with whitish huff, and some havo a whitish cresoentio
or V-shaped mark ; under tail-coverts buff, wifli irregular horse-
shoe bladt bare ; quills grcyiah brown ; under wing-coverts grey ;
tail rufouB brown : " iris chocolate ; beak blood-red ; legs and feet
pale purple " (Buntford) ; or " beak vermilion-red ; feot dirty pink-
red; iridee red-brown" {Forhe»). Total length about 9 inchee,
■wing 4-9-5-5, tail 1-5, culmen 0-90-0-95, torsua 1-4.
Adult femalt. Similar to the male, but somewhat larger.
Of the four specimens collected by l&T. Fry (Ji-l), one pair have
smaller dimensions and are marked male and female, like the larger
pairl
Tming birds have the wings with transverse white and black
marks (SehUgdJ.
Young in doion. " Whole front of head, including lores and sides
of the face in front of the eyee, brownish buff ; the extreme tips of
the downy fibres blackish; a narrow superciliary stripe widening
into a broad band behind the eyee, and a narrow stripe dividing the
orown and extending down the ba^ of the neck, yellowish brown
like the forehead ; sides of the crown and nape varied dark rusty
brown and blackish; ear-coverta and a narrow maxillary stripe
blackish ; general colour above rufescent dnsky , the fibres of the
downy featiiers aubapically ringed with pale buff; below, chin and
throat greyish white, passing on the lower throat into a pale hnSy
tint; rest of the lower surface mixed buff and dusky- the downy
feathers dusky and tipped with yellowish, passing into a rufesoent
boff posteriorly " (Allen).
Bab. Northern (Fotiet) and Sonthem Brazil, Paraguay, and
Bolivia ; according to Tschudi also Peru * ; in the Leyden Ktuenm
»
I
3. CKYPiCKUs. 527
( = Utaap«2 JUF. I) (l(*5li); Seln/t. I'id. Med. nalm-h. Form.
1870, p. 49 (Miufta Ueraea an-l Bahia) : Pth. Om. Bra:
5p. 284, 4S4, Ivi (Ypaneina, Ooiaz, Caii^iua, l'Biu;ecco, Engnnho
o Cap. (liuna) (1871) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-tat, iii. p. 4, n. 6874
(1871); SeUit. ^ Sah. Nam. Av. Xeutrop. p^l62, n. 7 (1878);
SehUg. Mu*. P.'B., Tinami, p. 32 (\mi); Too. Orn. I'ir. iii.
p. 208, Tablet, p. 100 (deaci. aed dod locue) (186)9) ; Allen, Bull.
Amtr. Mu4. N. II. 1803, pp. 151, IflS (Malto Gwmo; egg).
PCrypturua palle^cens, Liehl. Nomentt. Ae. p. 87 (Brawl) (1854);
/h>. Cimi;^. .Rnu^. xliii. p. 0711 (San Pau]o;=parriraBtriB) (1866) :
ef. Schleg. Mm. P.-B., 'rinami, p. 22 (1880).
Crfptunis exiguus, Olbfn, Mui. Brrol. : Ltckt. Norn. Av. p. 87
(BniU) (1854); Bp. Compt. Smd. xlii. p. 881, a. 329 (1856),
ibii. p. 573 (=parviroBtrifl, guv.) (I&-)«) ; id. Tabl. ParaS. GalUn.
{Sxtrad), p. 12, a. 326 (1866) ; cf. SMr-/. Mat. P.-B., Tinami,
i. 22 (1880).
P drypturas cervinud, Bp. Oompt. Send. xlii. p. 881. a. 323, p. 1154
(CEiquiCos) (18.56) ;• id. Tabl. Paratl. GnUin. (Extract), p. 12,
n. ;i24 ( = ptil]esceDB. Lieht.), p. 16, n. 10 (1856),
Tinamua cervinua, 0. fi. (?r. Xm( efl/ffn« //. ,tf , p. 101 , n. 32 (1867) 1
id. Hand-lat, iii. p. 4, n. 9880 (1871).
Cryplunis talaupa, (lart., 0«*. Thet. Om. iii. p. 838 (1877).
Similar to C lataupa, hut. much smaller and paler, especially on
the wings ; the upper parts of a paler rufous chestnut : hroaat pale
greyigh olive, not distinctly grey: hill and feel red, the latt«r in
dry skins pale yellowish, while in C. tataupa they are dark greeuish.
Total length about 8 inches, wing 4-3, culnien 0'65-U70, tanuB
1-20-1-15.
A female from Pausccco {Natttrer), apparently adult, has the
sides of the head and tho nape pole greyiuh, while the crown is
clive-browD ; nearly eimilar ia a veiy paJe bird from Uatto Grosao
marked male.
Hab. Eastern Brazil, from Bahia to San Paulo and Matto Groeao.
a. Ad. sk. Bmxil. Salvin-Godman (>o1l.
b. Ad. ak. Bahia, Braiil ( Wuchei-er). HtJvio-Godnian Coll.
e. 2 ad. sk. Pausecco, BraiiI.Jime(JVa««ri). Salvin-Oodman Coll.
d,t,f,^ S ^ ChHpada,MattoOrosBo,Au(!r.,Oct., Salvin-Gudman Coll.
ik. Nov. {H. H. Snnth).
9. Cryptnns nndtUatoi.
Ituunbti Uslado, DAiar. Apiinl. iii. p. .)2, ii. ;m (1805) ; id. Vajf.
{Sonn. ed.) iv. p. 153, n. ill (IHW).
'Riiamuj uudulalus, Temm. IHg. tt OaUiH. iii. pp. 582, 751 (1815)
(?>ui4(uiiv, et Atara) ; Stfi^. Oen. Zool. xi. 2, p. 402 (note) (1819) ;
■ Ciyp
Temm. Pi. Col., genre "nnamou, sp. 10 (1826) ; Leu. Man.
106 (1828); id. Tr. d'Om. o. 612, n. 8 (1831) ; id. a>mpl. ae
T. 3ad ©d. ii. p. 339 (1838) ; G.R.Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 624, n. 8
14) ; Hartl. Ind. Aatr. Apaut. p. 21, n. 331 (1847) ; G. B. Or.
. B., Append, p. 26 (1849); id. List OaUina BrU. .Vus. p. 98
(ayn. nee specim.) (1807) ; P Selat. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 396 (Zooi.
Qard.); Gieb. Thee. Om. iiL p. 638 (svn. emend.) (1877); ? SdaL
Lilt Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 546 (1883) (^L Gard.).
'ieUL N. D. xxxiv. p. SU7 (1819) U
Ciyptun Bylvicola, VieiiL N. D. xxxiv. p. SU7 (1819) [er A^ea).
TinfunuB Hylvicolfl, VieUl. Ent. Mith. i. p. 372 (1820).
Crypturua utidulatus, Wagt. Sytl. Av., gm. Urypturus, sp. 8 (183n
{tx Asara) ; id. Iiig, lP29, p. 748 (pRrt.) ; Bp. Compt. Smd. i'-
"" - ", Tabl. ParaU. Gallin. (&(nict), p.
(1871); BtrL J.f. O. 1867, p. 126, 'n. 362; O. &rr, Ibia, 1
""" " T PilooniHyo) ; Sclat.t.e
iii. p, 4, n. 9871 (srn. emend.]
26, n. 362; O. Kt ""
p. 151 (Lower PilooniByo) ; Sclat. t. e. pp. ISl, 162.
AdvlU Upper part of the head black, slightly mottled with rufoDS-
brown on the occiput ; throat whitish ; neck with black and rufous
bars ; back sirailar, hut the bars broader and better definwl, the light
bars becoming greyish on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coyerte ; upper wiug-ooverta greyish olive, vermiculalcd with black,
the greater oaea broadly barred with black and rufous grey ;
bastard-wing, primary -ooverta, and primaries greyish black ; nnder
wing-coverte brown-btack, the last row grey, the central one*'
greyish ; lower fore nock and sides ot breast greyish, with dnsky
vermiculatiuns ; middle of the breast whitish ; flanks buff, with
black bars ; under tail-coTcrt^ rufescent, with irregular black bars
aod buff tips ; tail barred with block and rufcscent : bill homy
black above, paler beneath; feet in dry skin brown. Total length
about 12 inches, wing 7, tail 2'5, culmen 1-1, tarsus 2-1.
The only specimen I have seen of this species is the one collected
on the Lower Piloomayo by Graham KeiT ; D'A:eara says he has
seen eight sywcimens in 24° S. lat., about the same latitude as
the IjOwer Pilcomayo. It upppcars to me that the specimen
examined is different from the Bolivian and Srazilian birds
(0. Kolojia.v=^Tadiattt»). The principal differences are the mucb
darker colouring, the much broader barrings of the upjier parts, the
upper part of the head almost entirely black, and the bastard-wing,
primary-eoTcrt£, and primaries of a much darker greyish brown,
nearly black.
Hah. Paraguay and Argentine Republic along the Lower
Pilcomayo.
a. Ad. sk. Lower Pilcomayo. Graham Kerr, Esq. [P.].
10. CrypturuB scolopax. (Plate XII.)
Notbocercus scolopax, Bp.' Tail. ParaU. Onfr. Gallin. (Extract],
p. 12, n. :SSd, p. 18, n. 13 (Santa Crur, H'Oi-bigny) (1856) (type
examined) ; G. S. Or. Kand-liit, iii. p. 5. n. 0894 (1871).
Tinamus radiatua, O. E. Gr. Lut GaUma Brit. Mta. p. 100
(Bolivia) (1667) ; GUb. Thtt. Om. iii. p. 687 (1877).
TbtunuB undulatus, Feb. (nee Tanm.) Om. Bras. pp. 202, 293, 468,
Iv (part. Ciijaba, Villa Maria, liarra do JaurUiUaifara, Engenho
do Cap, Oamn, Matto Groeso) (1S71).
Nolhocereufl rudiatus, G. E. Gr. Hand-IM, iii. p. 4, n. 9885 (1871).
Cryplurua radiatus, Sclat. ^ Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 163,
n. 15 (1853); id. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 642 (Bolivia) (=N. scolopax,
-gp-F)-
■ Thia nsmBdownol appear in tho 'Comptes B«ndii>' (llii) wheno*
'TnblcBui PnnUlcliquM ' hare been extmded. but only in tha EitrooU, *-'
nianj additioua and alterations weni tnnde b; the Author.
I
■rheooe the - ^^1
ikou, when ^^H
y. CKYPTUBDS, BSfr
Ciyptiiius uodulfttus, Sclat. ^ Sahi. Inec Temm.) Norn. Av. Neofrop.
p. \r,% n. 16 (Ammonia and Brasilia) (1873) ; Schkg. Mtu: F.-S.,
Tinomi, p. 29 (sjn. emend.) (1880) ; Altai, Bull. Amer. Mus. N.
H. V, pp. 151, 158 (egg; Matio Grosao) (1883).
Adult. Upper parts greyish olive, with a slight chestnut tinge on
the mantle, everywhere waved with black lines or narrow irn^ular
bars ; forehead slate-colour ; occiput, nape, and lower neck, also in
front, rufone, undulated with narrow dusky bars ; sides of the head
greyish anteriorly, rufescent posteriorly ; throat wbito ; lower parts
pale buS, uniform along the middle ; breast and sides dull pale olive,
waved n-ith fine dusky lines, more or less obsolete ; fiaoks buff,
more or leas broadly barred with brown-black ; under tail-coverts
rufescent, irregularly barred with black and tipped with whitish
buff; bastard-wing and primaries uniform grey, the secoadaries
waved with olive-groy and black on the outer web ; uoder wing-
coverts dusky grey, the last row very pale grey, the central ones
grey, waved and tipped with white ; tail pale rufous, waved with
dusky liues : " Iris dark brown " {Garlepp) • bill dusky above, pale
underneath ; feet in drj' skin dusky. Total length about 12 inches,
wing 7'4, tail 2'o, culmen I'l, tarsns I'O.
The timU seems to differ in the coarser barrings above and in
the somewhat smaller dimensions.
Hah. Bolivia and firazil, from Matto Grosso to Cujaba.
The figure is taken front one of the types of Tinamus radialtu.
c. Ad. ek.
d. Ad. sk.
c. $ od. sk.
ges rci.
(Typae of Tmamm radiattu, Q. K, G
Holivis {Sridffet).
Bolivia {Bridaeg, Eytm CoU.).
\'i\\a Maria, Matto Groaso, Sept.
{Nntterfr).
Cliapada. Matlo Grusao, April,
M»y, Sept. {U. 11. Smith).
11. Cryptaras adspersoB.
Eyton CoU.
Salvin-Godman CoU.
Salvin-Godmaa CoIL
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tinamus adspers!
, Temm. Pin. et (JalUtt. iii. pp, 68G, 761 (Para;
Mitt. Btrol.) {IS\S); Steph. Art.. JZwrf. ii.2,p,411 (1819); ViriU.
£nc. jV«A. i. p. .'171 (1820) ; remfli. Pi. tW.,j/MireTuiamon,Bp.ll
(1826) ; Las. Tr. d'Orn. p. 512, n. 3 (18311 ; id. CotnpL dt Siif.
aid ed. ii. p. 3311 (1838) : Temm. PI. Col. i. 7M1. Mm. p, 87
(1839) ( = Tenniciilatiis) ; G. S. Or. Gen. B. iii. p. 624. n. 4 (1SI4) ;
i Rchidi. Syn. Av., GallinaceKi, t. 284. I. 1500 (1848) {tx Spi*) ;
O. R. Or. Uft GaUina Br. Miu. p. 101, a. 29 (1S67) ; Gieb.
Thai. Om. iii. p. 635 (1877).
Ctjptura adspersa, VmU. A'. D. sxxir. p. 103 (1823).
CrypturuB adsperaua, Licht. Vers. Doalii. p, 68, n. 704 (San I'aiilo)
(1823) ; Wapt. Sj/tf. Av., ffen. Crvpturua, sp. 3 (1823) ; TAiaiem.
Fortpfiata. p. 24 (1846) ; Idcht. Norn. Av. p. 87 (1864) ; Bum.
Tk. Bros. ill. p. 319 (1856) ; Bp. Camp. Send. xlii. p. 881. n. 320
;id. TaU. Parall. GaUii,. (Exb-act), p, 13, n. .119, p. 16,
" '•■■ "-i (1871);
(1866) ; id. Ttdd. Parall. <
n. II* (1856)) G. S. Gr. Hand-titt, iii. p. "4, c
* A ■paciineo soot by U. FonbuiiBr from Santa Uarta differs in being in
nfbiu, eepeciidljon the tail, and witb Oner lermiculationa (Bonaparla),
TOL. XIVIl. 2 H
.^t-
)); Bartl P. Z. S. 18S9,
'ETKAMED.X,
ScMeg. Mv*. P.-B., Tiuami, p,
p. S70 (critical) ; Ctib. ibid.
TinamuB TennlculMiis. Temm. PI. Co/. 309 (Bniul) (1825); Lett.
Man. ii. p. 300 (1828) ; id. Tr. £0n>. p. 513, n. 4 (1831) : Hard.
Sya. Vtrs. Gn. Mm. p. 10.5 (1944) ; G. K. Or. Oen. B. iiL p. S24,
n. 5 (1844) ; Jti:hnb. Syn. An., GullmaceB, 1 284. f. 1559 (18481 [ex
Temminek) ; 6. B. Gr. List Oallina Br. Mu*. p. 101, n. 30 (1867).
?PeKuBJBpura,_%>, Jp. fira«. ii. p. 62, t.r8{ie25)».
Cryptiuus Termiculatiu, Wagl. Sy»t. Av.,gim.Oryytaras,sB. i i\&^)%
Thienem. fortgAiwa. t. T. f. 6 (egg) (1845) ; Burm. Th. Brat. m. |
p. 318 (1850); Bp. Compt. Send. xlii. p. 881, d. 321 (18.56); ~
Tabi. PariiU. GaUin. (£rtroc(), P- 12, n- 320, p. 16, n. 11 (1656) (
(=adepei«u8) ; Bmih. Vid. Mrdd. naturk. Torm. Kjiibmh. 1870,
p.48;Sflrti.P.Z.S.1882,p.375(critical)i flti, A«. (=adsperen»). I
Tiii«mua Tenaiculosus, " Temm." apud Thienem. Fea-tnfianx. p. 24
(184.5).
Tiimmua undulatuB, part. (?), Fetx. Oni. Bran. pp. 292, 293, 453, It
(lUo ParonfL, lUo Arapiav, Matto OroBSO, BoTDa, Madeiraufer, Rio
Branco, MoDaqueri) (187i),
Very similar to C. »eolopa.c, from wbich it differa in, having the
neck and posterior part of the head not diatiDCtly rufescent vith
dusky bar§, but grej'ish, and the upper parts with finer vermicula-
tions ; the lower parte are usu.iUy more whitish ; the flanks i
or less brightly nifoua.
Adult male. Forehead slaty grey, changing into brown on
ooeiput i sides of the head greyish ; throat white, in some specimeiw
tinged with grey ; neck greyish olire-brown with obsolete vemii-
culations ; mantle and back cbestnut-browa, changing into olJTe-
grey on the mrap, upper tJiil-co verts, and wioga ; ail the upper
parts finely vermiculated with narrow dusky lines; breast and
sides greyish olive, more or less Termiculated with narrow dusky
lines ; middle of the breast and abdomen uniform whitish or
whitish butF; flanks more or less brightly rufous and with ores-
ccntio narrow brown bars, sometimes obsolete or wanting; under
tail-coverts nifeaceut, with the centres and crescentic narrow bars
black, the tips pale buff; primaries slaty grey ; secondaries more
or less olive-grey, varmioulated with dusky lines on the outer web ;
under wing-coverts grey, the marginal ones darker, the last row
paler, the central whitish freckled with grey ; tail olive-rufous,
Termiculated with dusky lines. Total length about 13 inches,
wing 7-2, tail 2-0, culmen 1-15, tarsus 1-9-2.
A specimen from San Paulo, belonging to tbe San Paulo Uasenm,
has been sent to Oraf von fierlepsch by von Jhering for identifico'
tion ; this has the flanks of a very bright uniform rufous, vrith no
bars whatever; the under tail-coverta are also bright rufous, but
with irregularly crescentic narrow black bars, and the tail-feathers
of a dark rufoua brown, freckled with irrt^rular dusky lines.
Hah. llrazil (and, if the same, also Santa Marts !).
a. tJ ad. sk. Rio Aroguay, Nov. [Natterer). SaSin-Godman CoH.
I
3. cBTFTCscs. 831
1 2. Crypturns simplex.
Similar to C. adaptrtiix and nearly of the same size, but differs in
hitTing the Hanks not nifoua, but whitish or whitish buff, regularly
barred vrith creaceutic brown-black bara ; the abdomen appears
whiter, at least in two males, while in the female it is whitish buff.
The back is tinged with chestnut more distinctly than in C. ad-
xpertiu. The female is smaller than the two males. " Bill black ;
iridcB hazel : lega bluish slate ; claws brown " ( WhiUly). Total
length 12-13 inches, wmg 6-9-7'l, tail 2-4, culmen l-O-l-l, tarsus
1-9-2-05.
There iB also a great likeness between this species and C. haUloni,
from which it differs in having the sides of the head greyish, and
the upper tail-coverts also greyish, or olive-grey, different from the
.olive-brown hack.
Sab. British Guiana, along tlie Hio Rupnnimi.
■a-e. ,S $ ad. ek. Rio Rupurumi, Srit Guiana, SBlvin-Godman CoU.
March, April, July {JI. (Typesot species.)
WAitefy).
13. CrypturuB balBtont (Plato Xin.)
(Jrj'pturiis adspersuB, Tsch. (nee Temm.) AreK. f, Naturff. 1844, i.
p. 307, n. 278 (Peru); irf.Faaii.iVr., Ava, p. 46, n. 3 (1846);
Selal. ^ Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 31 1 (Santa Cruz, on the lluallags
River, E. Peru).
Crypturua balstoni, Sartl. P. Z. S. 1882. p. 374 {Elvira, E. Peru);
'Hchnw. u. fichal. J.f. 0. 1883, p. 408; Taa. Om. Pit. m. p. 299,
raife*, p. 107(1886).
Similar to C. adspersut, but differs in having the whole of the
Bpper parts from the mantle to the upper tail-covert« brown-chest-
nut; the cheeks much darker, being of a dark brown colour ; the
lower parts more grey, and, eicept the middle of the abdomen,
venniculated all over with dusky lines : the flanks are not broadly
barred, but brown with narrow vormiculations, and with the tips
of the feathers more or less whitish.
Adult male (tj-pe). Upper parts brown-chestnut, changing into
brown-olive on the wings, and finely vermiculated with narrow
dusky lines ; upper part of the bead blackish, changing into deep
brown on the nape ; sides of the head and nook brown-chestnut ;
throat white ; lower fore neck and breaat grey, finely undulated
with dusky lines ; abdomen whitish, with hidden brown bars ; sides
greyish brown, vermiculated with dusky lines ; lower flanks brown,
"wi^ dusky narrow bars and white bars at the tips of the feathers :
under tail-coverts basaUy black, with rufescent and black V-^haped
marks and with the edges whitish buff; primaries greyish; under
wing-coverts brownish grey, the inner ones whitish, and the last
row light grey like the under surface of the quills : " iris light
brown" (Haii.riftH) ; bill brown in the dry skin, blackish above,
pale below ; foet brown. Total length 12 inches, wing *5-8, culmen
1*5, tarsus 2.
2u2
I have to remark on Plato XIII. that the artist hae drawn the
head too tUok and the hill macb too arched. The feet in dry ekins
ore brown.
Hab. £. Fern.
a. d ftd. ak. Elvira, E. Peru, Jan. (J. Haux- MoidstODe Muwum
weU). [P.], {Tjpe of
epecies.)
6, e. <; ad. sk. Elvira, Jan. (/. Hauxtoeli). Salvm-Godm&n Coll.
d. (J ad. sk. Samiria, Not. (^J. HatarweU). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e,/, cJad.et SantaCruz,ontheHuBllagaIUver, SalTin-Oodman Coll.
S imm. ak. E. Pern, July, Aug. (Sartlett).
14. CryptoroB atricaplllnB.
Ciyptunu strocapillus, Tseh. AnA.f. Natarg. 1844, i. p. 307, n. 281
(Peru)i ■iJ.J^(iun.Per.,ylR», pp.47, 384, n. 6 (1644) i LUM. Kom.
At. p. 87 (BrazU! and Peru) (1864); Berl. J.f. 0. 1892, p. 455
{critical) .
'Rnsmus atro-capillus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 524, n. 15 (1844) ;
id. Lilt Galliaa Brit. Miu.p. 101, n. 27 (1867) ; Gieb. Tha. Om,
iii. p. 636(1877); Tatx. Om. Fir. iii. p. 294, TabUt, p. 106
(1886).
Kothocerciu atncapillus,£t>. CWipt..Sen(f.zlii.p.881, d.336[1850);
id. Tabl. Paralt. GalUn. {Extraet), p. 12, n. 383 (1856) ; G.JLGr.
.SoniMut, iii. p. 6, d. 8891 (1871).
CrnituTus erythropus, part, Schleg. Mui. P.-B., Tinami, p. 34
(1880).
Adult (type) *. Upper part of the head black ; udes of the fore-
head brown ; superciliary band, posteriorly to the eyes, throat, and
middle of the breast bright rufous ; sides of the bead brown ; lores
tinged with nifouB ; nope blackieh ; lower part of the neck greyish
"re, waved with dusky lines; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts
3. CBTPT17BD8. 533
15. CryptornB garleppi.
Cryptunis Mrleppi, BerUp»ch, Ber. Allg. DfUtsrAl Om. Get. Dec,
1892, p. 13 (Santa Cm de In Sierra, Bolivia) ; id. J. f. O. 1802,
Male {aduh ?) (type). Verj- similar to the type of C. alrUapiUus,
but the upper ports paler brown, with finer black vermiculatioDs ;
tbo feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts with broader black
barrings, and beEides with polo or fulvous subapical bars : also the
wingE have broader black marks and more distinct and more regular
pale or fulvous barrings, especially on the greater wing-coverta and
secondaries ; the black on the npper part of the head less extended,
being confined to the forehead and crown, and not so deep, being slaty
^^ greyish on the forehead and over the eyes ; the rufoua of the throat
^^L much paler ; the occiput and nape not uniform brown-black, but
^^1 rufous brown freckled with black ; the lower foro neck and sides of
^B the breast not so dark slaty olive, but browner ; middle of the
^^ breast bright rufous ; middle of the abdomen pale rufous ; featfaera
of the lower flanks with broadish brown-black subapicol bars and
reddish-buff apical ones ; under tail-covcrtfi buiT, the mesial part
black, the lighter portion freckled with brown ; bastard- wing, primary-
coverts, and primaries uniform greyish brown ; tail olive-brown,
freckled with black : " iris brown " (Oarlcj'p) ; in dry skin, bill
brown, with the base of the lower mandible pale ; feet pale hom-
colonr. Total length about 11 inches, wing 6'75, culmen I'l,
tarsus 2'1.
Thanks to Count von Berlcpscb, I have seen the tj-pe and unique
specimen of this species ; perhaps a largo scries of specimens from
IBoliria and Peru may prove that C. garleppi is not different fi^m
C. airicapillui.
Hab. Bolivia, Dear Santa CniK.
1
16. CryptnmB strignlosiu.
I strigulosus, Temm. Pu/, et Oallin. \\L pp. 694, 752 (Para)
(18161 ; Steph. Gen. Zool. id. 2, p. 414 (1S19) ; VieHi. E«c. MilA.
i.p.sr4,n. 1^(1820); Temm. PI. C<i;.,^™rp Tmnmou, so. 14(1826);
Ltit. Tr. d'Om. p. 512 (1831); id. Compl. dc Buff. 2nd ed. Oi».
- "'"(ISSS); G. li.Gr.Gen.B.ia.p.624,a. 10(1844); ul. ImI
«5riiAft«.p. 10, apecim, (1(1867); Pek. Om. 5nw. pp. 293,
463, Iv (Matto Urosso, Borba, Pari) (1871) ; Oirb. Tka. Om. ui.
p. 638 (1877),
-Cryptura stri^ulosa, VieiU. N. D. xixiv. p. 106 (1819).
Cirptunis stngulosuB, Wa^. Sytt. An., gen. Crypturus, sp. 9 (18271 :
Thiewm. Forlpjlaia. p. 25 (1845); Burnt, th. Brat. iii. p. 832
(1866) ; Bp. Compf. Bend. ilii. p. 887, n. 326 (18S6), xUii. p. 673
(1856); Sciat. ^ Sale. Norn. An. Neotrop. p. 162, n. 8 (1878);
Schl^. M«t. P.-B., Tinami, p, 27 (N. Granada !) (1880).
TiaomuH «trigulatuB, Lou. Man, u. p. 207 (1828).
Nothura strigulosa, HeU. Norn. Av. p. 87 (1854).
NolhocercuB strigulosus, Bp. Compt. Send. ilii. p, 881, n. 334 (1856) ;
id. J-aW. fijroH. Gaam. (£r(nwOt P- 12, n-SM (1856); G.R.Or.
Hand4itt, iii. p. 5, n. 9886 (1871).
S34 TtsAuas.
Adult male. Upper parts olive mfeae-brovn ; upper viDg-coverts-
uid upper tail-coverta more olive, the latter witb palo buff ban,
and between theee with obsolete blaok bar-like marka, and freckled
with irregular dusky lines ; forehead blackish brown ; lores, sides
of the head, and throat rofous cinnamon, paler on the chin * ; hind
part of the neck rufous browu ; lower fore part of the neck and
breast grey, obaoletely vermiculated with olive-brown ; sides olive-
brown; middle of the abdomen white; lower flanks olive-brown, the
feathers with apical whitish and subapioal black bars ; under tail-
ooverts bright mfous, freckled with irregular black bars and tipped
with whitish buff; bastard-wing, primary-eoverta, and primaries
uniform brown ; greater upper wing-coverts with black subapical
marks and some pale buff spots or marks ; secondaries variegated
with olive-brown on the edge of the outer web ; marginal under
wing-coverts greyish brown, the last row grej-, the central ones
whitish ; tail-feathers olive rufous-brown, with a subapical rufescent
narrow bar : bill dusky above, paler beneath ; feet in dry skin whitish.
Total length about 12 inches, wing 6-25, tail2,culmenl'l,tareus 1-85.
The female differs from the male in having the upper parts dis-
tinotly barred with black and folvous buff [like the females of
0, erfflAropue],
Hah. Brazil, fjrom Para to Uatto Grosso ; the locality New Orauada
{Sddegel) is open to doubt.
a. ? P ad. St. Pari. R. Graham, Esq. [P.].
fr. (^ ad. sk. Matto Groeso, Braul, Nov. Salvin-Oodinan Coll,
(NatUrer).
17. Crypturua erythropns. (Plate X.)
TinsmuB erfthropus. Natt. Cat. MS. ; Peh. Verh. z.-b. Ges. If'u
;j. cRTPrcRrs.
upper wing-covcrts like the back, only moro olivaceous, with a few
irr^alar narrow black bars, and with ochroous dots and narrow
bare near the edge ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and primaries
greyish brown : aeoondaries freckled with ochreoaa on the outer
edge ; marginal under wing-coverts greyish brown, the laat row
pale grey, the central ones greyish white ; lores, sides of the head
and of die neck maty rnfons ; throat in some specimens white, in
others, perhaps not fully adult, rufescent ; lower fore neok and
upper breast dull aahy ; abdomen paler along the middle, whitish
on the lower part; sides rufous brown, more or leaa olive; Sanks
barred with brown, each feather with apical pale buff bars; under
tail-coverts rufous, with black irregular bars and uniform tips ; tail
rufous brown,with black marks near the edges and ochreous bars near
the tip : " iris yellow-brown or pale brown; upper mandible brown-
black, lower greyish flesh-colour with the tip dusky ; feet red "
(Natterer). Total length about 13 inches, wing 6-5, tail 1-8,
oulmen 0-9-1, tarsus 1-8-1-9.
Of the two males collected by Katterer, mentioned below, the one
from Fort« do Rio Branco is more olive above, has the throat pore
white, the lower fore neck and upper breuat more greyish ; the other,
from Barra do Rio Negro, is more rufous brown above, has the throat
rufous mixed with a tew white feathers, the lower fore neck more
brovm, and the upper breast rufous with no distinct greyish tinge.
Female. " Upper wing-coverts, lower back, and upper tail-coverts
with ochreous bare " (Pelzeln) ; iris dark brown ; feet dark rosy "
(batterer).
Hab. Central Brazil, in the Amazons region.
Brazil. E. Wilson, Esq, VP.X
{ Tinamia strigwhtui, G. K. Or, List Gamn.
p. 100, specim. b.)
Brazil ? Zool. Soc. Coll.
(Type of T. iongirmtrv,, G. It. Gr,>
Bnrra do lUo Negro, Itraiil, Salvin-Godman Coll.^
Nov. (Natierer). f
Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil, Salvin-Godnian Coll. (
Dec. {NaiUrer). J
(Typical specim. of C. trytliroptu, Pelz.)
18, CiTptnmB variegatiu.
u varie de Cayenne, D'AubeiU. PL Enl. 828.
Tinamou vari«, Baff. Hut. Nat. Oit. iv. p. 511 (1778).
Variegated Tinamou, Lath. Sya. a. 3, p. 72U, n. 3, t 65 (1783).
Tetrao variegatus, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 788, n. 65 (1788).
Tinamua vanegatus, LoiJt. Ind. Om. iL p. 634, n. 3 (1790) ; Temm.
Pig. H GaUm. iu. pp. 576, 750 (1815) ; Sleph. Oen. Znol. xi. 3,
p. 409, pi. 26 (1819) ; Wied, Stite naiA Bras. i. p. 262 (IBSO), ti.
p.l21(l821); Temm.Pl.Col.,ffmreTiaamoa,»a.gOB2B); Leu.
Jfan.ii. p. 206(1828); uf. Tr.ifOni.p.&lS (1331) : Wied.Beitr.
iv. p. 510 (1832); Lea. Comiil.de BiO'.Zuded. Ou. p. 238 (1638);
Temm. PL Col. i. Tabl. Mith. p. 8^(1839) j HarO. 8yil. Yen.
Got. Mtu. p. 105 (1844) ; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ui. p. 524, n. 8 (1844) ;
6 TIHAJtUU.
id. Litt B. Brit. Mm. iii. p. 63 (1844) ; Sdtnb. Sifn. As., QsUin.
t 266. ff. 1670-71 {1848} ; adat. P. Z. 8. 1861, p. 234 (ZooL Gwd.) ;
SoiloMi, J. f. O. 1861, p. 31 (powdei-4own) ; G. B. Gr. Litt
GaUtTue BriL Mut. p. 101, □. 36 (1867] ; Peli. Orn. Bnu. p. 293
(Borba,B&m do Rio Negro, Uuabitanaa, Pari), pp. 453, Iv (1871) ;
id. i»M, 1873, p. 120; Gu*. Tht$. Orn. iii. p. 638 (1877) ; Trittr.
Cat. OoU. B. p. 2 (1889).
Tineinm\Mi^s.tii, Bonn. Bnc.MSth. i. p.226, n.3, pL90.f.l (1791).
CiTptuni variegatB, Vieill. N. D. xxxiT. p. 109 (1619).
Crvptura sylricolft, VieiU. Gal. de* Oii. ii. p. 49, pi. 216 (1826) (itee
2t. D. luiT. p. 207, 1819).
Crypturufl Tariegatus, Wagl. 8y»t. Av., gen. CrypturuH, sp. 7 (1827) ;
Tfaenetn. For^flam. p. 26, t. v. f. 8 (egg) (184.5) ; Sckotnb. Jteii.
Brit. Guiin. iii. p. 748 (1848) ; Jurm. /./ O. 18-53, p. 178 Cegz);
ZicAt. Norn. Av. p. 87 (1854) ; Buna. Th. Bra». iii. p. 321 (1^) ;
Selat. ^ Sale. Norn. Av. Neotrop. p. IS2, n. 13 (1673) ; Sddeg.
Mtu. P.-B., Tinami, p. 32 (1880); Snip. Cat. B. Striekl. Ook.
p.640,D.3111 (1882); Sdat. Lilt F«rt. ..In. 6Ch ed. p. &46 (1883)
(ZooL QHid.) ; Sah. Ibit, 1886, p. 181 (Brit. Guiana) ; 2£artat,
Sat. Vogdiamrnl. p. 206, n. 3098 (1691).
PCrjpturiis unduUtua, Wagl. Iiig, 1829, p. 746 (part, Braiil);
Burm. {nee Temm.) Tk. Brat. ILji. 322 (1866).
^nnamuB f, G. R. Gr. Litt B. Brit. Mut. iii. p. 63 (roung)
(1844) (=biinaciilatUH).
f TiDamuB imdulatus, Beknb. (nee Temm.) S^. Av., Oallinacev,
t 286. f. 1667(1848) (ei FkiYW?)*; G. R. Gr. {nee Temm.) Litt
OaUina Brit. Mut. p. 98 (1867).
Kothocercu y&riegatu8,£;. Oimpt. .finuj. xlii. p.88], n.335 (1856)j
id. Tabl. ParaU. Gallm. (^rfroci), p. 12, n.332 (1856); G.R.Gr.
Hand^Htt, iiL p. 5, n. 9889 il871) ; Heine u. BcAnw. Xbm. Mtu.
Hein. Orn. p. 304 (OnifLiia) (1890).
"■ ' ■ • - " " " . List
9 bimoculatus, G. S. Gr. List Gallina Brit. Mut. p. 101
(1867) (juv.).
Crypturus undiJatus, part., G. R Gr. Hand-lid, iii. p. 4, n. 9871
S87
Ftmah. Similar to the male, bnt the lower parte less whitish and
more rufesceut ; under tail-coverts with no white tips ; the bars on
the upper part* aomewhat narrower ( WU<1). It appears to me
that the female is to be distingnisfaed by the upper parts being
blacker, with more regular and narrower rufous bars ; besides each
foather has two rufous bars.
Tounij. Differs from the adult in having white dots on the fore-
head, behind the eyes, on the cheeks and upper parts ; the feathers
of the fore neck have blackish subnpical bare and white tips ; also
the feathers of the lower parta have white tips, moat coDspicuonB
on the lower flanks.
Young in Jirtt moult has no barrings on the upper parts, which
are olive-brown, more or less marked with black and dotted with
ffab. Guiana and Lower Amazonia.
a, 6. 9 (j ad. et Takutu, Brit. Ouintin, March, Saliin-Godnon Ooll.
pull. sk. Mbv, June (H. H'A.Wu).
c,<f,e.Sad. eidi Bnrtica Grove, Brit. Guiana, Salvin-Oodman Coll.
juv. ek. Sept, Oct., Dec. (-ff, »'.).
/. (^ od. sk. CamacusB,Brit.Guiana,Aiuil Salvin-Qodman Ooll.
{H. IF.).
c?juv.»k.
Roraima, Brit. Guiana
3.W0fU), Jan. (H. H-
(alt.
Salvin-Godman Goll,
Juv. sk.
Menim^ Sits., Brit Guiana,
Solvin-Godman CoU.
July [H. »-.).
Ad.sk.
Cavenue.
n. 0. Rothery [P.].
Ad.rt.
Biiiii.
Old CoU.
Ad. St
BrazU.
Dr. J. E, Gray [P.].
n. Ad. ek.
Brsiil.
Ad.ek.
I'arit.
R. Graham, Esq. P".!
Salvin-Godman Coll.
tJ ad. ak.
Pari, Nov. (A'trffcnr).
Ad. sk.
Bahia, Bradl.
Sudbury Museum.
Juv. 8t,
S. America.
Purchased.
(Type of Tnuniuii bimanUatia, G. B. Or.)
i
19. Cryptiinu Balviid.
Similar to C. variegntit, but the dark bars on the sides and
flanks less sharply detined and nearly obsolete on the sides, the
rufous and black bars of the upper parts less defined, OufealJieri of
tkt hack and rump and ujipfr w'mg-toverU uilh only ot\t rvfont httr,
and the bUck tips much broader.
One specimen, possibly a/mvi/e, has the rufous bars on the upper
parte better dofin^ than in the other two adult birds, probably main.
Tgunji m first moult. Similar to that of C. varUijatiii, and like
it has the upper parts olive-brown, dotted with white and with no
bars.
ffal). Sarayacu, Ecuador.
a-iL Ad. et juv. sk.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
(T^pes of epeciea.)
tihahidx.
20. CrTptDiTiE breTirOHtrifi.
:, Natl. I
; iVfc, 1
}>. Gu. Wienr
Tinamns brevirostrie, .
1863, p. 1128 (Brwsil) ; Natt. ibid. p. 1130 (Barm do Kio Negro)
0883); G.Ji. Or. Lift OaUime £riE. Jtfu*. p, 101, n.SS (1867) ;
Fth. Om. Brai. pp. 294, 46S, Iv (Barra do Rio Negro) (1871> i
Gj(*. Tht$. Om. iii. p. 035 (1877) ; Peh. u. Lor. Amu naUtfh.
Sofmiu. iii. p. 5 (tyijes) (1888).
Nothocercaia hrevirostris, O. E. Gr. Jland-iitt, iii. p. 6, n. 9890
(1871).
Crypturua Toriegatus, part., Schleff. Miu. P.-B.,TiDand, f.SS (1880).
" Tinamiig pileo> capitis lateribua, ot nuchie stria longitudiaali
ntgro rufoque variegatis (plumis ni^eBCeatibus lat« rofo limbatis),
coUi tateribos et reliqua nucha ferrugineo-mfia, plumb dor^ et
uropygii, tectricibus caudie superioribus et teotricibos alarum
superioribue nigris, eiugula faaciis transrersalibus 2-3 oliTascente-
ochraceis l^-^"'latis (tectricibus alarum majoribus in nno individuo
hinc iode macula rel fascia alba irregulari), remigibus ciuereo-
brunneiH, secundariis margiao extemo iuterdum et versus apioem
intemi maculia parvis ochraceis irrtgularibua, tectricibus alarum
inferioribuB extimis cinereo-bninncis, reliquis albidis, gula alba,
collo inferiore, pectore et abdomine femigineo-rufis, abdomine medio
albescente, lateribua corporis oanesoeDtfi-ocbraceU fasciis tranaver-
ealibuB nigria irregularibus, plnmis cnKsi et tectricibus caads
inferioribus ochraceis, fasciis trauBveraia 1-2 nigris, rectricibua
cinerco-brunneis. Longit. tot. 10", rostri a rictu 13'", a front©
9'", a naribuB 4'", alfe 5|-5|", tarai 18-19'", digit! medii cum
iingue v." (Pehrin).
Similar to C. i-arUffatug, but much smaller, the bill much eborter,
and the upper part of the head rusty red. The light bars on the
upper jiarta are much broader and less numerooa, standing farther ■
apart, and bcBideB they are not of an ochreoua colour a ' *
gatvt, but pale brown.
The yonng bird has the whole oE the back pale brown with few
indistinct black bars. The sidea of the breast and of the abdomen
less spotted or barred ; the brown bars are 1 ^"' broad. Bill from j
the gapo 14'", from forehead 9'", winga 5" 4"', taraud
(^NatUTCr).
I am not acquainted with this species : Schlegel thinks it Is the- 1
young of C. varugatut ; hut the young of that bird ia very peculiar I
in having whit« dots on the upper parts, not mentioned in Pelzclifc f
and Natteror'a descriptions.
Bah. Barra do Kio Negro, C. Brazil.
21. Cryptunia bartletti. (Plate XL)
Crvpturus bartletti, Sclat. S( Sain. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 811 (E. Peru) { 1
1I&. Norn. Av. Nfotrop. p. 162, n. 14 (1873) ; Bartl. P. Z. &. ir*"' "
p. 87S (Santa Cruz on the HuaUaga River, E. Peru) ; Taa. t
Pit. iii. p. 301, TabUs,p. 107 (1880).
Tinamiia bartletti, Oieb. Tim. Om. iii. p. 635 (1877).
I
Advil. Upper part of the head black, aides of tbo head and nape
brown; mantle olive-brown; back, rump, and upper ttul-coverts
regularly barred with olive-brown and black, on the wings the
lighter bars are paler and more ochreous ; throat white ; lower
fore neck and breast ochreons olive, lower breast mfescont, chaDging
into fulvous buff on the abdomen ; sides of the breast more oUvu
and barred with black ; lower flanks barred with black, and with
buS bars at the tip of the feathers ; under tail-coverts mfous
cinnamon ; primariee, primary-coverte, and bastard-wing uniform
blackish, secondaries with some rufons marks on the outer webs ;
mai^nal under wing-covertA dark brown, the greater ones light
grey, the central ones paler grey, nearly whitish ; tail olive-brown :
bill plumbeous, under mandible pale : feet dusky. Total length
about y inches, wing 6 (5-5 in the ori^nal description !), tail 1'5,
oolmen 0'9, tarsus \-6'2.
Young birds are less barred on the upper parts and have white
tips to the median and greater upper wing-covert«.
Ball. Eastern Peru, on the Upper Amasons.
a. Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, E, Peru (E. BarCleU). Salrin-Godniau CoU.
(Type of specieB.)
& e ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Sept. E. Banlatt [C.\
t. 9 ad. ak. Chamicuros, Jan. E. Bartlett [C.J.
d. 9 jnr. ak. Yquitos, March (//. W'hitely). Salvin-Uodnum CoU.
22. CTTptTimB DOCtiTKfflU.
Tinamus noctivagua, Wied, Iteite tiark Brat. i. pp. 160, 173 (1820),
ii, pp. Ill, 1:37; 145, 158(1821); Tatxm. PI. Oul., genrr Tiattaou,
sp. 7 {Ism) ; -£*«. Mm. ii. p. 206 (1828) ; id. T): <rOm. p. 512
(1881) ; H'ied, Britr. iv. p. 604, tab, i. f. 1 (trachea and larynx)
(1833) i Les>. Comjil. de Duff. 2nd ed. OU. p. 238 (1838) ; «. R. Or.
Oen. B. iii. p. 524, n. 7 (1844) ; Hartl. Eril. Nachie. Verz. Oet. Mtu.
p. 17. n, ISO (1646) ; Rchnb. Sj/n. Ac. Gallinace^, t. 284. ff, 1561-
62 (1848) (ai ^u) ; id. J.f. 0. 1853, Eiira/i. p. 41; G. R. Gr.
iMt GaUina Bnt. Mv». p. 101, n. 26 (1867) ; £ul»r, J./. O. 1867,
pp. 189, 190, 198 ; Flelx. Ora. Bras. p. 293 (not*-), p. 453 (1871) :
GUb. Thn. Om. iii. p. &37 (1877).
Pmos zabel*, Sp£r, Av. Snu. n. p. 62, 1. 77 (Cadngha) (1825).
Cryptiirus noctivagua, Waffi, ^«f. ,^!'.,^ni.Crypturus,Bp,6 (1627);
Tich. Arch. /. Xaturg. 1844, i. p. 307, n. 2(7 (Peru) ; Thtenem.
J-orljifiani. p. 27, t. v. C 4 (egg) (1845>j T>ch. Faun. Per..
Awi, pp. 4li, 283 (1846); LicM. Horn. An. p. 87 (1864);
Burvt. Th. Brat. iii. p. 3iO (185fi) ; Euler, J. /. O. 1867, p. 4iH
(egg) ; JUinh. Vid. Medd. natwh. Form, ^oicah. 1670, P. 47
(Lti^oit dos Pitoa, near Lagoa Santa); sSat. ^ Sain. Jfom.
Av. Neotroj,. p. 152, n. 13 (Bradl) (1873); Cab. J.f, O. 1874.
p. 230; ScJUeff. Mm. F.-B., Tinami, p. 33 (Montevidw), Mu».
Berol.; Itehia, Mia. Vienm) (1880); F'lrbt^a, Ibi», 1881, p. 360
(Garauhunn, N.E. Brazil) ; Sclat. Liat Vtrt. An. 8lh ed. p. 645
(Zool. tJujcJ.) (1883); Berl. u.Jker. ZriUchr. yu. Oni.\^i&,'a.\9S
(TaquaradoMundonoTo);6Wi'. //-«,l«8«,p.l81 (part., crifical) :
Tacs. Om. Fir. iii. p. 302, Tiibka, p, 107 (1880) ; tidat. Ibtt.
1890, p. 82 (quintocubital) : Harltrt. Sal. rogeUammi. p. 200,
n. 8095 (1891).
S 881,11.334 (1856);
1 (18m);G.Ii.Gr.
. Seknw. Son. Jfu«,
540
Nothocer
id. Tabl. ParatL Gattin. (Extract), p. 12, n
HandJitt. iii. p. 5, n. 9893 (1871) ; Heine u
Hein. Om. p. 304 (Bio Grande) (1890).
Adnlt malt. Anterior half of the crown slaty black, changing into
vinous brown on the poeterior half aJid nape ; a broad nifeecent
superciliary stripe cstending down to the sides of the occiput ;
poBtocuIar region vinoua brown ; cheeka and throat rnfeecent ;
mantle duaky brown, tbe hidden part, of the featbers slaty grey ;
back brown, freckled with narrow dusky bars ; rump and upper
tail-coverts rufoua-cbeslnut, barred with black, the bars narrower
than the intervening rufoua-cbestnnt ones ; lower tore neck and
crop-region distinctly grey ; breast rufous, sides greyish, abdomen
buff; flanks rufesccnt, barred with greyish brown; under tail-
coverta rufescent, freckled with irregular blackish linee ; upper
wing-coverta olive-brown, freckled with brown marks and irre^ilai
rufescent bare and marks ; primaries greyish brown ; bastard-wiog,
prima ry-coTorts, and secondaries slaty grey, the latter tinged with
olive-brown and banded with bar-like rufescent bars on the onter
web ; mai^nal under wing-coverts greyish brown, the last row
light grey, the central ones white ; tail-feathers slate-grey at the
base, on the apical half rufous freckled with irregular black lines :
" iris brown-yollow ; bill dark grey-brown horn-colour, blackish
on the culmen, base of the lower mandible nhitish : legs pale dusky
oohreous yellow'' (Wied). Total length about 13 inches, wing 7'i,
tail 2'4, culmen I'l, tarsus 2'2.
Ffmale. Differs from the male in having the wings regularly and
distinctly barred with yellowish buff; the rump and upper tail-coverts
are more distinctly barred, tbe black bars being better defined a
broader than the intervening ohestuut bars, besides on the upper
tail-coverts the light bands are paler, yellowish buff or rufescent ;
sides and flanks more distinctly barred with brown-black, the hara
not being confined to the flanks, but extending to the sides of the
breast. Total length about 13 inches, wing 8, tail 2*6, culmen 1-2,
tarsus 2-2
Young male. " The whole of (be upper parts with pale msiy-
yellow dots, and between these with obsolete brown-black undulated
marks ; on the upper biil-covcrta the yellovrish extends on the edges
of the feathers ; lower parts pale brownish grey, washed with
yellowish brown, marked all over with darker grey-brown ngzag
obsolete cross-lines " ( Wud).
Two specimens' in the Turin Museum, which have been apparently
kept in confinement, have the superciliary stripes and cheeks very
pale, nearly whitish, the grey colour of the lower fore neck and
breast more or less tinged with rufous, and the bars on tbe upper
parts cover nearly the whole of the back. They are probably
Jmiales.
Hab. Eastern Brazil, north to Garanhuns, south to Bao Belmonte.
The localities Peru (T»ehvdi) and Uontcvideo {SehUgd) are open to
doubt.
1
I
a, h. Ad. nit. Bahia, BraJiil { Wueherer). Salvin-Godman CoU.
c. (J nd. sk. Lft^ros Job Patos, Rio Oronde do Sttlvin-Godmim Coll.
Sill, BrazU I^H. Riger,).
23. Cryptnms diSBimiliB.
P Crypturos noctivBgiis. Cab. (nee Wiml) in ScbrmA. Reis. Bril.
Gu'an. iii p. 743 (Ouiann] { 1841^) ; Saiehi, Ibis, 1SS6, p. 181 (pan.,
criticsl).
Adult mate. Similar to tho male of C. noelivaffui, but smaller,
and wanting the distinct pale snperciliar)' stripe ; upper parts mora
olive, especially the upper ■wing-oo verts, ruiap, and upper tml-
ooverta ; the feathers of the rump oltve-Urowa, with narrow blackish
edges ; the upper tail-coverts olive, with int/omplete block bars, and
narrow pale buff bars near the tip ; the breast of a paler rufous
than in C. noetivrnjas. Total length about 12'5 inches, wing 7,
tail 1'9, culmen 1, tarsus 1'9.
Fenudt. Differs from the female of C. noetivagvt in wanting the
pale superciliary stripe, iu the paler rufous colour of the breast,
in the rump and upper tail-covorte blacker, the black bars being
bmader, while the light bars are paler, being not rufous- chestnut,
but buff, so that they are much more distinct.
The raale of this species is very similar also to the male of C ery-
lihropat, while the female ia very much like that of V. dmuimomfag,
especially in the barrings of the wings, ramp, and upper tail-
^H coverts.
^^k Hob. Eritisli Guiana.
Siilvin-Oodman Uoll,
(Types of apeoiea.)
.Sftlviu-Godinsn Coll.
Tinamns (Nothura) cinnamomea. Lets. Rev. ZdqI. 1B42, p, 310 (La
Union, Centre Amgrique) (type esftmiued).
Tinamus cinnamouieus, G. R. Or. Gen. II., App, p, 2o (1849) ; Sel.
$- Salt!. Ibis, 1669, p. 2iO (,La Union, Son Salvador) ; Gwb. Thet.
Om. iii. p. 036(1877).
Tinamus dellattrii, £p. Comjtt. Rend, xxxviii. p, 663 (Nicaragua)
(18fi4) ; cf. Ibii, 1868, p. 337.
Notbocercus delattrii, Bp. Cotnpt. Read. xlii. p. 881, n. 333 (sdnna-
momeua, Xaw.f) (ISSfi); id. Tabi. Parall. GaUin. (Ertraet),
p. 12, n.329(1866); G. ii.Gr. iToB^/Mi, iii. p. 5, n, 9888 (1871).
Nothocercua salleei, Bp. Compt. Send. xlii. p. 881, n. 333, p. 854,
n. 9 (Vera Crui, Mexico) (1858) ; id. Tail. Furall. GaUin. (Es-
tratH), p, 12, n.330, p. 16, n. I'J (1856); Sclat. P.Z.S. 1856,
p. 310 (Cordova, VeiaOruz) ; Pek. Orn. Braa. p. 203 (note, type!)
h871) ! G. R. Gr.Sand'lisI, iii. p. 4, ii. 9883 (1871) ; Lam-. BM.
U.8. Nat. Mm. no. 4, p. 45 (1875) (8ta. ESgenia); Heine n.
Rrhnw. Norn. Mut. Hem. On: p. .^04 (Mexico) (1890).
'Hoamus salini, Schl. P. Z. 8. 1859, pp. 369 (Jslapa), 302 (Playa
Vicente) ; G. E. Taylor, Ibu, 1860, ji. 312 (Honduras) i Satv. IhUi%
1861, p. 3^ (Chisec, errort), 1866, p. 296 (PociHc coait-te^oo ol\
Gufttemnla) ; G. B. Gr. Lul ffoffwfp Brit. Mm. p. 100 (Cordova, 1
Mexico; Honduraa) (1^67); Girb. Thri-. Om. iii. p. 637 (1877)! '
SumicArnri. La Kat. v. p. 229 (1B81) (Vera Cruz &Tehufuitop«c) ;
Kehrk. J.f. O. 1881, p. 89 (egg-, Yucatan) ; Bdma. J,f. O. 1682,
p. 11 {Zool. Gart.).
Crvpturua BallBi, Sclat. ^ Salr. Exot. Om. p, 89, pi. xlv. (1868),
d. J6M,]B68,p.337; Lawr.Ann.Lye.N.Y.vt.^. 141 (SanJori)
(18U9) i Franb. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 374 (Esparia, Coste Bica) ; Selat.
it SaU. JVom. Ar. Nrotrop. p. 162, ». il (Mexico, Amer. CeDtr.,
Colombia et Venezuela) (1878) ; Salt: Bit. 1874, p. 328 (YucatBii
and Guatemala); SimicArail, Ball. U.S. Nat. Mue. 1876, p. 45;
iSchlfg. Mm. P.-B., Tinami, p. 81 (Bogota ! LandArrgt ; Surinaai I)
(1880); XeUd. Cat. Ac. Cmta Bica, ■p. 29 (1882); Jfuttitiff, Ff.
U.S. Nal. MvM. \. p. 409 (1862) (La Palma, CostA Rica) ; Boutard,
P. Z. S. 1883, pp. 434. 462 (Yucatan) | Zeled. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mtu.
18M. p, 112 iCoflta Rica) ; Feratri, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mia. is. p. 180
(1886) (Jnlapa); ZfUd. Ann. Mu». Nac. Bep. Coita Xiea, 18S7,
p. 128.
Ciypturus striguloeus, Sclat. S( Salv. (nee Trmm.) P. Z. S. 1869,
pp. i'C2, 264 (Cerro Azul of Quigue, Venezuela),
Adult iiiaJe. Upper part of the head anteriorly brown-black,
posteriorly brown -diestnut with obsolete blackish bars ; sides of
the head, including lores, and sides of the neck rufescent ; throat
white; lower neck grevish olive-brown, with obaolete dusky linear
bars ; back olive-brown, with black undulated bsirs, very narrow in
the interscapular region, ojid gradually becoming broader on the
lower back and rump, very broad on the upper tail-coverta, which
are croasod also with pale yellowish-buiF hoxs : breast bright mfoua,
abdomen paler; sides of the breast slightly waved with dua]^
lines; flanks barred with broader black bands and narrower pale
reddish bands ; tips of the feathers broadly yellowish buff; under
tail-covorts baaally black, buff at the tip, the intormediat* portion
buff with irregular oblique black lines; smaller upper wing-coverts
like the hack, the median and greater once blackish brown, dis-
tinctly barred with yellowish buff; primaries, primary-coverts, and
bastard-wing uniform greyish brown, nearly blaok ; secondaries
marked with yellowish or olive on the outer web, tertials barrod
with olive; under wing-coverts greyish brown, the inner onea light
grey, tipped with pale rufescent, the last row uniform pale grey,
like the nndcr surface of quills ; tail-feathers brown, tinged with
olive-brown on the outer web, and regularly crossed with several
uarrow rufescent bars: "upper mandible brown, lower mandible
and feet yellow " (Sdater): " iris brown " (i¥"ii«iiv/). Total length
about 12 inches, wing 6'75, tail 2, culmen VO-l'l, tarsus 1'9.
Female. Differs from the male in the greater development of the
transverse markings, which in this sex cover the top of the head,
the front of the breast, and the whole of the sides of the body
below.
Yoanff, Upper part of the head and nape with hiack and rufous-
brown bars ; upper parts greyish olive, but more greyish on the
I
I
548 ^H
mantle, crossed with black irregular bars ; upper wing-coverts with ^^H
broad black atid narrow pale yellowish bars ; throat white ; ^^H
lower fore neck and breast olive, changing into ochreons on the ^^|
breast, paler on
the abdomen, the feathers with black marks sear ^^H
-the tip, those of the flanks with broad black bars ; under tail-coverts ^^H
pale fulvous, varied with black.
^^H
Hah. Soutben
1 Mexico, Central America, Colombia?, and Vene^ ^^fl
H zuela.
^^H
1 a. .\d.ek.
Mexico.
Salvin-Godmau Coll. ^H
■
(■■ T>-pe of Tinatnut »allaf. Set,) ^^M
■ b. Ad. St
Cordova. Mexico,
Purchased. ^^H
■ ". ef ad. Bk.
Ctita ferme, Mexico.
Salvin-Godmau GoVL ^^M
■ ./,e. dad.sk.
Vera Oruir, Mexico, Nov.
Salvin-Oodman OolL ^H
■
(Boacard). (Spedm.rlfig
, io Exot, Om, pi. xlv.) ^^|
■ /. Ad. ek.
Aloyac, Vera Cruz, April
(D. W. Smith).
Salvin-Oodman Coll. ^H
H 9-2
Plan del Rio. Canton de.Ialiipa,
Aug, (F. Ferrari'Prre:).
Salrin-Godman Coll. ^^|
^M
Coatepc, Jalapa, Nov. (7>u-
jUt«).
Nonheni Yucatan (fi- F.
Salvin-Godmau Coll. ^^|
V t. Ad. sk.
Salvin-Oodman Coll. ^^|
■
Gmn^r).
^^H
W fr-». 5 ad. et ad.
■ ak,
0. Ad. Rk.
Izauial, Yucatan (G. F. O.).
Salvin-Godmau Coll. ^^1
Peto, Yucatan, April (G. F.
G.).
Buctzotx, Yucatan April (0.
F.G,).
Barranco-IIondo, Guatemala,
Salvin-Godman Coll. ^^|
p. Ad, Bk.
Salvin-Godman Coll. ^^|
■. 1.9 ad. sk.
Salvin-Godmau CoU. ^H
B
Oct (0. Salvia).
H r. cT ad. sk.
W .. ? ad. Bk.
Volcan de Agiia, above San
Kego, Guatemala, Nov.
(O.S.).
Sal^in-Oodnum Coll. ^^|
AUR. (a S.).
Salvin-Godman Coll. ^^H
H (, », „. Ad. sk,
El Zapote, Costa Grande,
Guatemala (O. «,).
Salvin-Godman Coll. ^^|
1
(Speciro. H Kg.
in Eiot. Om. pi. xlvO ^H
Salvin-Godman CoIL ^H
■ „: S «A. ak.
La Libeitad, San Salvador,
■
Febr. ( W. B. liu.hard»<m).
■ ,r, y. <; ad. et
Volcan de San Miguel, Sap
Salvador (3000 feet} ( W.
IS. R.).
Salvin-Oodman Coll. ^1
imm. sk.
^H
3. Ad. «k.
Dyson Coll. .^|
«'. 6 ad. sk.
Leon, Nieoragua ( W. B. It.).
Salvin-Godmau Coll. ,^H
4'-<'. rf $ ad. et
Chinandepa. Nicaragua, March,
Salvin-Godman Coll. ^H
i>iim.ak.
June ( W. B. ii.)
r,,'.rf2"d.ak.
nig.ia,April(lf,&ii.).
Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Uii»
Sal^-Godman Coll. ^H
k; .'. Ad. ik.
Salvin-Oodman Coll. ^H
(Ard).
k: Ad. ak.
VeneiUHla (^pence).
Sslvin-Uodmiui Coll, ^|
r. S ad. ik.
L
Cerro Azul Guiguc, Vene-
zuela, Nov. (A. Goering).
Salvin-Godman CoU. ^H
644
Tisiuius.
25. Cryptnms boncardi.
TinunUB bouc&rdi, SalU, MS-^iSi-iaC. P.Z. S. 1B60, p, 391 (OucBCft)
Sah. IbU, 1801, p. 350 (Centr. Am.), 1865. p. 185; G. B. Or.
Lut GalUtta Brit. Mm. p. 100 (OuBtemala) (1807); Pets. Om. ]
BroM. p. 293 (note) (1871) : Gieb. Thes. On. iii. p. 635 <1877) ff
Sumkfira»t, La Nat. v. p. 220 (.ISSl) (Utbto) ; PeU. a. lor. Arm. ]
jiatarh. Ho/mut. iii. p. 51 (1888). ■
Tinamus s«lla;i (err.), Sale. Ibit, 1861, p. .360.
Crj'ptunia boucardi, Sclai, §■ Sale. Exot. Om. p. 91, pi. xlvi. (If
Sola. Ibii, 1870, p. 116; Selat. ^ Sajo. P. Z. S. 1870, p.
(Sau Pedro, Honiluras) ; tld. Nam. Av. Neotrop. p. 163, i
(1873); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 41; SMeff. Mut. P^B-i
Tinomi, p. 1*6 (1880) ; Zeled. Cat. Av. Coita Eiea, p. 29 (1882) ;\
id. Pr. U.S. 2fal. Mtu. 1885, p. 112 (Costa llica) ; id. A». itf«w.l
Nac.Btp. Cotta Ska, 1887, p. 128. T
NothocercuH boucanii, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 4, no. 9884 (1871)
Heme u. Bcknw. N>mi. Mut. Htin. On. p. 304 (GiuitemrUal (1690)-'
Oryptiims, ap., Richmond, Pruc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xvi. p. 526 (E8--I
coni^do, NicoTEkgua) (18^3).
Adtilt nude. Head, neck, mantle, and apper breast slaty greyish 1
black, upper part of the head blacker ; throat dark grey ; back,
romp, and upper tail-coverta chestnut olive-brown, with obsolete
bluckiBh at the tips of the feathers ; upper wing-coTerts more olivo-
brown, jreckled with irregular black lines and with a few ocbreooa
dots on the edges of the feathers ; lower breast slaty grey, with on
ochreous wash, more conspicuous on the sides of th^ abdomen ;
middle of the abdomen slate-brown, the feathers broadly edged with
ochreous buff; flanks with black and oclireouB bars, the tips of the
feathers ochreous ; under tail-coverta rufescent, thickly burred with
block : bastard-wing, primary -coverts, and quills slaty black, the
outer web of the tertials Uke the upper wing-coverts, the second-
aries tinged with reddish olive-brown near the edge of the outer
web : tail rufous brown, barred with black ; upper mandible hom-
black, the lower pale in dry ekin ; feet palu yellowish brown.
Total length about 11 inches, wing 6-75, culmen 1-05, tareus 2*05.
Female. Similar to the male, but paler, and besides it differs ia _
having the lower back, rump, upper tail-covcrts, secondaries, and 1
upper wing-coverta strongly banded across with light yellowish '
brown.
While the very old mole from Chimalapa, lUoxico, described above
has the throat decidedly dark grey, all the other specimens &om
British Honduras, Guatemala, and Costa Kica have the throat
whitish or even pure white. J
Hah. Southern Uesico, and Central America, south to Coat* I
moa. 1
i. cf ad. ak.
Teotalcingo,S. Mexico, March Salvin-Oodmon OoU.
{Birucar^. (l^pe of specie*)
Chiinalapa (4000 (eet), Te- Salvia-Godman ColL
huantfpec, Mexico, March
\ W. B. SieAardxm).
Bntish Honduras {Blanca- Salvin-God
w).
•Qodman ColL ^^^|
3. CKirtTKUB.
e,/. Ad. St. Chocturo, Vera Pai. Guat«- Oabort Salvii
main (O. Salvitt). [P.l.
g~k. 2 tid. el ad. Cboctum, CiuUmalB, J&n. Stuvii
sk. (O. &).
/. Ad. Bi. Cosla Rica (Camiofl. Saivio-God man Coll.
S4&
Esq.
•ut-Godman CoU.
26. CryptBinB colofflbianoB.
CrypluniB boucwdi, ^lal. * Salv. P. Z. S. Iff
Aiitioquia).
5, p. I>48 (NechB.
Malt {adiill ?). Anterior half of the crowa black, changing into
chestnut on the posterior hiilf, nape, and aides of the noct : mantle
ohestnut-brown, changing into oliTo-hrown on lower b-ick, rump,
and upper tail-coverts, which are barred with black, the upper lail-
oovorts more olivaceous and with mfescent bars or marks ; upper
wing-coverts oJivc-brown, with narrow black bars, the greater ones
wiib pale fulrous marks ; malar region rufous ; throat white ;
lower fore Deck, breaat, and abdomen greyish hrowD, washed with
rastj ; middle of the abdomen pale brown, the feathers broadly
tipped with buff; feathers of the flanks with sabapical blackish
and apical buff bare ; under tail-coverts rufesceut, barred with
bl&ck ; bastard-wing, primary- coverts, and quills brown-black ;
secondariea with brown and buff marks on the outer web ; under
wing-coverts brown, the last row gray, the central ones greyish,
with whit« edges ; tail olive-brown, freckled with dusky bars : bill
dusky above, pate below ; feet in the dry skin pale yellowish.
Total length about 11'5 inches, wiog 0-6, culmen I'l, tarsus 1-9.
This species is allied to C. boucardi, but, judging from the only
specimen known, differs In having the hind part of the head, the
nape, and aides of the head chestnut, the neck and breast are without
the dark slaty-grey tinge, the wings are barred with black, and the
atyle of barring on the wings is different, the light yellowish-brown
bars BO conepieuous in the female of C. boucardi being absent.
Hah, Neobe, Antioqaia.
a. S {»d.t)ik. Neche, Antioquia (T.K.i
Salvin-Uodman Coll.
(Type of species.)
37. CTyptnniB mexicanna.
Upper parts olive-brown vermiculated with blackish, the rermi-
culatioiis becoming stronger and more bar-like on the lower hack
and rump ; anterior half of the crown blackish ; lores and sides of
the forehead greyish; occiput and sides of the head jKiateriorly
mfoBcent, the latter paler ; throat pure white, lower fore neck and
sides of the body olive-greyish ; breast clear rafous buff; feathers of
the abdomen broadly white ut the tip, before this a dusky bar sepa-
rates the white tip from the brownish base ; feathers of the flanks
with brownish subapical bars and whitish bars at the tip ; under
tail-coverts rufous, barred with black and tipped with whitish buff;
upper wing-coverts like the back, only paler and more olive ;
bastard- wing, primary-coverts, and primaries uniform slate-greyisht
i»46 rauLMOix.
th« Becondaries tinged vith olive on the edge of the oater web ;
mai^inal under wing-corertB greyish brown, the last row pale
gKj, the oentral ones whitish ; tail-feathers olive-brown, freckled
wiUi brown lines: bill ham-brown above, pale below ; feet pale
ttom-colonr in dry skin. Total length about V2 inches, wing 7,
taH 2-2, cnlmen 1-1-1, t^raus l'8-l-9.
Female. Similar to that of C. cirmanumietaf but not so brightly
rufous vinooB on the occiput and nape, and not barred with black
on the lower fore neck and aides of the breast ; besides it differs in
hanng the tail-feathers barred only ou tbe inner web.
Tounff male. Less black on the forehead and less rufesceut on the
occiput ; tbe breast more greyish olive ; upper parts more olive and
more strongly barred with black; the upper wing-covorts with
broad pale buff edges, especially the greater ones.
JIab. North-eastern Mexico.
a-d. <i 2 sd. sk. Tampico, E. Mexico, Feb., Salvin-Godmiui Coll.
June ( W. B. Ridiardton).
e. Ad. ak. TamauUpas, Mexico ( W. B. Salvio-Godman Coll.
it).
^,y. cf ad. fit Sieira Sladie, above Ciudad Salvin-Oodman ColL
1UV. ak. Victoria, TamauUpas ( W.
B.SX
A, i. Ad. ak. Hadenda de loa Atlixcoa, Salvin-Oodmen Coll.
Mexico, March (F. D. God-
Jt. (f ad. ak. Monte Verde, Mexico, June. Salvin-Godmaa CoU.^
(Types of speciea.)
28. Cryptonu ocddentalis, sp. n.
P Nothocewus aallasi, Lawr. Mem. Sott. Soc. Jf. H. ii. p. 307 <18741
(Mazatlau) {nee Botup.).
547
" Supra ochrawus, dorao toto et alia eitos nigro-tranafasdatU,
service postica murino-brunnea ; pileo nigro, oohraceo-bmnneo
taranafasciato ; snpercilua, gola, ot abdomice medio olbis ; cemce
ima et pectore g^risois : bypochoadrilH et tectricibns caudiE inferiori-
bus cervioig, nigro transfafuiiatis ; rostro comeo, mandibala! basi
fiavic&Dt«, pedibus flavis : long, tota 12, el(c 6'2, caudx 2*1, tard
2-9 •(an potiua 1-9?), rostri a rictu 1-5" (SaJviiitt Sdattr).
Nab. Weatem Ecuador.
The type of tliis Crupturut was obtained at Banta Rosa, Ecuador,
by Prof, i^teere. I add the deacriptJon of a bird which I think
belongs to the same species : —
Upper parta black, barred with ochreouB ; upper part of (he head
irregiilarly barred with rnfous cheatnot and black ; forehead whitiBh
with black marks ; superciliary band, lores, throat, and lower parts
■whitish; posterior part of the cheeks and ear-corerts chestnut;
lower neck and breaat tinged with dull greyish ; mantle dull chest-
nut barred with black ; light bars of rump and upper tail-coverta
rafescent : sides and flanks pale buff, with orescentic black bars ;
under tail-oovcrts buff, with black bars towards the base ; baatard-
wing and primaries uniform greyish brown ; sccoudaries with buff
bar-like marks on the outer web ; under wing-coverts dark grey,
the last row light grey, the central ones whitish : tail regularly
barred with black and rufous buff: bill in dry skin horn-brown.
lower mandible pale ; feet yellowish. Total length about 10 inches,
wing 6, tail 2, oulmen 1'05, tarsus I'So.
a. A.d. sk. BalzttT Mou
illliii^a^rili ).
W. Ecuadoi: Sslvin-Oodman Coll.
bhthchotus.
Tfpe
E, nifesc
RhynchotuB. S^t, Avei Urai. ii. p. 60 (1825) . . .
Nothurufl. Sto. C/rtM.^.ii. p. .146(1837) R. rufeseens.
Rhyncfaoti^. Srinb. Si/n. Av., GalUnuceie, t. 287. fl. 1679-
80 (1848) ( = Iiliyn'dioms).
Range, ^tith America cast of the Andes, from Brazil and Bolivia
to the Argentine Republic.
I
Keij to the Spenet.
a. Neck and brenat uniform rufous, more or leas
bri(tht rt^accHt, p. 548.
b. Neck rufous with longitudinul block streaks ;
middle of the breast with deep rufous erescantic
marks maeuUeollU, p. 550.
■ The Buthon in tlieir mnorks coneembg ibii Bpeoici laj thut in site it
approaches C. talUti, to thai it i( quite ofident thnt ihe tarsus csnnot bare the
Ututh of 2'^ incliei, wbiah is Kldom lo be found cieu in the Isrger meuibers
9f Oia gonuB Tinamni.
1. Bhyncfaotne rafeKenB.
InMnbii guMii. ^m™, Apunt. iii. p. 34, u. 32G (lSOr>).
TinamitB lufescenn, Tefimi. Fig. et GaUin. iii. pji, S52, T
tiff. Pf. Col 412 (ISitl) ; u^ 3>id., genre Tinamou, sp. 1 (18^
Leu. Man. iTOm. ii. p. 203 (1828) ; id. Did. Sc. Nat. lix. i
(18E0) ; id. Compl. dr Buff., Oil. 2nd ed. p. 237 (1838); 7
PL Coi. i. TaU. Mm. p. 87 (1839) ; SoUe, J. f. O. 1866, b
(Zwl. G«d.) ; Gulliver. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 488 ; Gieb. Tka. Om. ii
p. 637 (syn. emend,) (1877).
Cryptura gusKU, VieiU. JV. 2). uijut. p. 103 (1819) (ej- Asiara).
TinarauB g\avta, VieiU. Enc. MHk. i. p. 370 ( ]820j.
CryptHTUB nifeacvne, ZtcM. rVrz. DovU. p. 67, a. 702 (Sbs Paulo)
(1823) ; Dm-w. ZooL ' Beagle; iii. £iW«, p. 120 (1841) ; Thienem.
Fortnfiatiz. p. 34, t. v. f. 6 (1846).
Bhrnctotus fsaciatiia, !^3;At!e$Brat. ii. p. 60, t. 76a (Sun Paiiloet
MinM Oeraea) (1825) ; iew. Tr. d'Om. p. ol5 (sva. eraeDd.) (1831).
RhTnchotUH mfesceDS, Wagl. Syit. Av., gen. iRhvncliotuB, ap. I
(1837) 1 H. Im», 1829, p. 747 ; G. K. Or. Gen. B.'m. p. 526, n. 1
(1844) ; id. Liat B. Bnt. Mas. iii. p. 62 (1844) ; Bartl. Ind. Azar.
Apunt.y. 21, n. 326 (1847); iJcht. Norn. Av. p. 87 (18S4):
Bunn. Th. Brai. iii. p. 327 (1800} ; Sp. Compt. Bend, ilii, p. 881.
n. 317 (1856); id. Ta&l. ParaU. GaUin. (.Ertrfld),p. J2, n. 336
(1866) i Barm. J. f. O. 1858, p. 161, 1860, p. 259 ; id. La PUOa-
Heiie, ii. p. 498 (Pareiifi, Rosario, Tucumaa) (1861) : <^- -B- ^r.
List GaUinm Brit. Afui. p. 102 (Maldonado) (1867) ; Sdat. P. Z. S.
1869, p. 638 (breeding); Jteinlt. Vid.Medd. nalurk. Poren. EjiibenA.
1870, p. 61 (Minaa Geraes) ; ftfa. Om. Bras. p. 294 (Wattodentro,
Campo von Tatutuba, Campo bei 3. iotA, Ypanema, Ytaiu^,
pp.^,lvi(1871); Nathta. Zn(«cAr. www. Zooi. xxi. pp.848, 364,
t. %xn. ff. 13, 13 (egK structure) (1871) ; G. S. Or. Hand-Uit, iii.
p. 6, n. 9896 (1871); Sund. Melh.Hot. Av. di»n. Tent. p. 119 (1872) ;
ijjer/. Ibu. 1872, p. 77 ; Hadi. ^ Sdat. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 546 (Buenoa
Ayres) ; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 131 (note) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 476 (carotids), p. 642 (muscles) ; Selaf. ^ Salt. Kom.. A«.
Neotrop. p. 153, n. 1 (1873) ; Ciib. J. f. 0. 1874, p, 95 (breeding,
Zool. (lard.); Alix,JoutTi. 2bo/.T,pp,411, 112 (myology) (1876);
Lhimf. Ibu,, 1877, p. 203; Forbet, P. Z.S. 1877, p. 307 (bursa
Fabncii); Nathiu. J./. O. 1879, p. 268 (ew) ; Oib^m, Ibis, 1880,
p. 167 ; Schleg. Mm. P.-B., Tinami, p. SB (1880) ; Forbet, IbU,
1881, p, 360 (N.E. Brazil); S<dv. Cat. B. SricW. CoU. p. 641,
n. 3114 (1882) ; Datijleiih, Pr. R. Phyi. Soc. Edmb. \\. p. 232
(Centr. Uruguay) (1882) ; Sdat. Lilt Vert. An. 8tli ed. p. 546
(1863) (Zool. Gard,); Barrowt, Auk, 1884, p. 313 (Entrerice,
Lower Uruguay); Bateman, The Field, 23rd Feb. 1884, and 12th
Bept. 1886 (introduced into Essex) ; Bedd. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 844
{Tisteral anatomv) ; Berl. J.f. O. 1887, p. 127, n. 363 ; J. Nem.
Enc. Brit. 9th eL xxiii. p. 403, with cut (1888) ; Bartaig, E^iex
Nat. 1888, pp. 102-109, cut; cf. /. c. p. 206 (introduced into-
Essex) ; Wtlhington, IbU, 18^, p. 473 (Lomas de Zamora) ;
Bvrm. Anal. Mut. Nae. Butn. Air. iii. p. 245 (Bahia Blanca)
(1888); Sdat. ^ Huds. Argent. Orn. ii. p. 2(K)(1880); TriUr.Cat.
Call. B. p. 2 (1889); Sdat. Ibi$, 1890, p. 82 (quintocututaj) ;
Seine u. Bchniv. Nom. Miu. Sein. Om. p. 304 (flraail) (1890):
Evani, Ibit, 1891, p. 83 (incubation) i Frerael, J. f. O. 1891^
p. 123 ; Berl. ibid. p. 363 ; Sharpe, G,t. Osteol. Specim. S. C. S. yf
p. 414 (1891J ; HarCert, Eat. Voffe/iamml. p. 306, n. SOW (ISBU
4. EHrNOBOTUS.
548
O. Ear, Ibis, 1882, p. 151 (Lower Pilcomavo) ; Holland, t. c. p. 314
(Argentine) ; AUen, BuU. Amer. Mut. N. H. t. pp. 151, 158 (Matto
Orosso, ere) (18513) ; A^n, Uit, 189J, p. 212 ; Ekaum. Bull. Brit.
Om. Cub, no. xxviii. p. xlii (breediDe at 'BOravelandJ (1806).
Noihuros rufosceiiB, Sto. CIom. B. ii. p. 346 (1837).
KbTnchotis nifeacens, Rchnb. Si/n. Av., Onllinacefe, t, 287. S, 1579-
ftl (1848) ; BartL P. Z. S. 1867. p. 687 (breediog), 1868, p. 114,
pi. xii. f. 1 (chick), f. 3 (egp) ; Ed. IbU, 1873, p. 131 (pote) ;
Sorby, P. Z. 8. 1875, pp. 357, 361 (e^g) ; Vurnf. IbU, 1876, p. 136
(Aiventine) ; Withmgton, Ibia, 1888, p. 473 (LoniM de Zamora) j
»dat. ibid. ; id. Jbis, 1894, p. 453.
Rhynchotes rufesceos, Mairet, Bidl. Soe. Acclim. 1671, p. 694
(breeding in confinement).
Adult. Head, neck, and breast rufoua, upper part of the head
Wack, the feathers more or less edged wnh rufous ; a dusky narrow
stripe from the corner of the mouth to the ear-coverts ; throat pale
rufous, nearly whit* ; haek, rump, upper tail-coverts, and upper
wing-coverts pale greyish brown, with broadish black bars and
others Darrower, whitish ; lower fianks and abdomea greyish, with
brown and whitish bars, tho latter somewhat narrower ; bastard-
wing, primary-coverts, and quills uniform bright oinnamon'rufoua ;
t«rtials greyish, barred with brown and buff : under wingHuverts
uniform rufous ; tail grey, with black and whitish bars, the latter
much narrower. Total length 14-17 inches, wing 8-9, tail 2-5-
2'75, culmen 1'6-1'7, tarsus 2-3-2'5,
Female. Similar, but lar^r.
TouTig in doiott. Head and neck rufescent, with longitudinal
black stripes ; sides of the head and throat whit« ; upper parts
stliped with white and black ; lower parts white.
It seems that there are three or four sufficiently distinct races: —
1st. A Southern one from the Argentine llepublic: very little
rufous on the neck and not at all on tho breast ; the black bars
much broader and quite distinct on the flanks. Tho birds from
Uruguay are similar but more rufons on the neek.
2nd. A Southern Brazilian race, has the neck decidedly mfous,
and this colour covers abo the upper part of the breast : the black
bars, especially in the Matto Grosso birds, are much narrower.
3rd. A Bahia rai«, similar to the second, but with no black bars
whatever on the flanks ; also on the under tail-coverts and tail-
"fcathers there is scarcely a trace of them, while the whitish ban
are present.
JIab. Argentine Itepublic, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia (?), and
Brazil, as far north as Bahia.
o,«,e. Ad,st. Bimil. Lord Stuart deHoth-
et sk- sav [P.].
.d. Ad. sk. Interior of Bolivia (P !) Eyton Coll,
(fll%M).
«,/. rf ? id, sk. Nt*r Paysandu, Uruguay, Alan Peel, Esq. [P.}
Auff.
ff. Ad. St, Maldonado. Sir \V. Burnett ft
Capt. FltKroy [P.].
660 TiHAinDA.
A. Ad. alt. Montevideo (Jobutoti). SeWin-Oodmaii ColL-
i. S ftd. Bk. BueDos Ajren. Aug. {F. WitK- Sdatei ColL
iTiglon).
k. Jut. «k. Bred in captiTitj. Zool. Soc.
/, m, n. Pull. Bt. Red in c»pli«^ (Bartlat). Zool. Soc.
o,p. Skeletons. Zool. Soc.
Soaih Bra::3ian met.
q. 2 ad. ek. Ytarart, BraBl.Feb. {Nalterer). Sahin-Godman Coll.
r.i. <S i Bd. ak. Chap&da, Mntto Grosso, Mav, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Aug. {H. H. Sm»"(A).
Bahian rate.
t. Ad. Bk. Bahis, fiiuU ( Wue^rer). SBtvin-Godmiui CoU.
2. ElirnchotnB macolicollu. (Tlate XIV.)
PNocthum, ap,, Bridga, P. Z. S. 184C, p. 0.
Rhynchotue muculicollis, G. R. Gr. Lht GaUina Brit. Mut. p. 102
(Bolivia') (1807) ; id. Sand-lut, iii. p. 5, n. »896 (1871} ; Sdat. ^
Salr. A'om. Av. Xeolrop. p. 163, n. 2 {187;i) : iid. F. Z. S. 1879,
p. 642 (Bolivia) ; Schkg. Mtu. P.-B., Tiuami, p. 38 (Bolivia,
Ji'Orbifftai) (1880).
Tinamue maculicollis, Oi^. The*. Om. ui. p. 030 (1877).
{l^pe}. Size of the larger specimens of E. rtifaeent, but differs
in having longitudinal brown atroaks on the neck, very prominent
weecentic marks of a deep rufoue on the middle of the breast, black
and buff crescentic marks on the sides of the same, and the
abdomen and thighs of a very pale bu£F-white, not greyish as in
a. ru/«K«n«, and without any marks. Total length about 16 inches
wing 8-25, culmen I'lJS, tarsus 2-1.
O. ITOTBOPUOCU.
Key to tite Speoite.
a. Featbersofthebadcdiatmctly nriped withnhita
OQ the ndsB,
a'. Outer prim&rieB barred also on the inner web. facainotcgkii,'p.66l.
b'. Outer prim&ries not barred on the inner neb,
whicE is uniform,
a". Breast grey.
a'". Under wing^«verls regulorlv barred
witli whitish buQ'and greyish brown ;
breast thickly spotted with whil« . . ctTierateeiu, p. 552.
6'". Under wing-coverts not regularly barred.
a'. Outer W6D of the secondiiries distinctly
rufouB, barred with brown.
a'. Upper parts dull grefish, the mesial
port of the feathers of the back
much blacker perdiearia, p. oG3t
6'. Upperpartflof afinergrey,them6siftl
Ct of the feathers of thu back
black coyuintbica, p. 654.
bK Outer web of the secondaries not
nifoua, but brown, barred with m-
fescent or whitish buff pentlandi, p. 555.
b". Breast Bud abdomen nifescent cvrmroslris, p. 556,
b. Feathers of the back not diBtinctly striped with
white OD the aides ; breast greVi abdomen ru-
fescent ; radii of the upper tsil-covertG rather
long and disconnei^led.
r'. Xjuger, wing 77 inches ; upper wing-
covens with brooder barrings oniata, p, 557.
(t. Smaller, wing 7 inches ; upper wing-coverts
with narrower barrings brauickii, p. 658,
I . Nothoprocta taczanowakii.
Nothoprocta taeiMiowskii, Selat. ^ Sale., Tacz. P. Z. S. 1674, p. 664
(Mnraynioc. C. Peru> : Selal. 4- Satr. t. c. pp. 079, 680, pi. Uxiiv,
(Peru) ; Taet. Orn. Fir. iii. p. 304, Tabie», p. 107 (1885).
Nothoprocta gndmani, Tact. Om. Pir. iii. p. 305 (iinmat. bird,
Cbachupata) (1866).
Adult male. Head dark greyish, changing into lead-grey 00 the
lover fore neck and breast -, feathers of the crown black, edited with
white and tipped with brown : feathers of the back broadly black
on the middle, with a wliitieh longitudinal stripe on each side,
irregularly barred with brownish grey across the middle and at the
tip ; upper tail-coverts irregularly barred with white and variegated
with bliick ; cheeks variegnt«d with black ; throat dirty white,
feathers of the lower fore neck with two white spots, which on the
feathers oF the breast become confluent and are aurrounded with
black; lower breast, sides, and flanks whitish brown, with gre3riBh
bars, edged with a narrow block line ; middle of the breast and of
the abdomcQ and under tsil-covertA whitish ; upper wing-coverts
brown, with irregular black marks and irregular bulF ban; pri-
552 rmiiiwx.
maries black, with white marks on the outer web and buff bats on
the inner one ; eecondajies barred with buff, and edged with whitiah
buff on the out«r web ; under wing-coverta brown, with buff raarka,
which on the greater ones become more bar-like : bill brown, with
the lower mandible yellowish at the base ; feet yellow ; iris dark
brown. Total length about 13 inches, wing 7'4, culmen 1'62,
tiirsufl I'S. {Mut. Brariick-i.)
ImiMiturt titale. Much browner above, the bars and tips of the
feathers of the back being brown with no grey ; no lead-grey colour
on the lower fore neck and breast, where the feathers are brown
and have a black spot and white stripea on the aides ; sides and
flanka pale brown, each feather with a black spot ; throat, middle
of the breast, and abdomen whitish ; upper wiiig-coverts like the
feathers of the back, only paler ; marka and bars on the quills more
fulvous. Size smaller than the adult : wing 6'S, culmen 1'5.
Hah, Central and Southern Peru.
a. (J imnuak. Cbachiipala, 11,000 feet, S. Salvia .Godmnn CoU. I
Peru, Sept. (//. Whitely). (T\-pe of Noth»'\
procta godmani, Tac2.) T
2. Hothoprocta cuLBraflcens.
NothuracinerascBDs, iiurm. J./. 0. 1860, p. 269(Tucuman)j id. La
Plata-Eeue, ii. p. 498 (Cordova, Tueuman) (1881) ; Schlm. Mut,
P.-B., Tinami, p. 40 (note) (syn. emend.) (1 880) ; Sah. Ibu, 1880,
p. 364 (Tueuman) ; White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 43 (Cordova).
TinamuB cinerascens, Gieb. Thea. Orn. iii. p. 635 (1877).
Nothoprocta cmeniHcens, Oih. J. f. 0. 1878, p. 108 (Argentine) ;
Sclat. >5- JIud,. Argtnt. Om. ii. p. 210 (1889) ; Fraa. J./. O. 1891,
p. 124 ; Salvad. Bull. Mm. Zool. ed Anat. Camp. Tor. x no, 208,
p. 34 (Salts) (1895). J
Adult male. Upper parts greyish, irregularly barred with bUck, I
-each feather o£ the back with two whitish stripes between the grey 1
lateral edges and the mesial darker portion ; upper tul-coverts
irregularly barred with black, greyish brown, and whitish : a rather
broad greyish superciliary stripe ; cheeks white, thickly spotted
with black, throat white ; neck variegated with blackish and white
spota ; breast grey, freckled with irregular dusky linos, and orna-
mented with roundish white spots, more or less surrounded witii
dusky ; abdomen white ; sides, flanks, and under tail-ooverta
whitish, with broadish irr^ular brown bars ; quills blackish, with
whitish marks on the outer web, secondaries regularly barred with
pole buff on the outer web ; under wing-coverts regularly barred
with whitish buff, the last or greater row uniform, grey : " bill
slate, under mandible and legs light slate ; iris orange-red " (Dum-
ford), or "amber " (WAiVe). Total length 12-6 inches, wing 7-4,
culmen I'l, tarsus 1'6.
Female. Similar to the male, hut browner on the upper parto,
beeidos the markinp are ooarser and the white spots on the breast
more bar-like ; size somewhat larger.
5. fiOtBOPBOCTA.
Sp imen'c from Tucumon, peifaapa
MDiewhat browner above.
Hail. Weatern Argentine RepnUid.
a- 6 »d. ak. Oosquin, Cordo?», Argent, Rep. Salvin-Godmwi Call,
[E. W. JVhite).
b. $ ad. sk. Viciiiitj' of Mendou (Let/bold). SaJTin-Godman Coll.
-c, Inunat (?) sk. Tucum'oa, June, H. Durnford, Esq.
[C.].
3. Kothoprocta perdic&ria.
Tetrao perdii, Molina (nw Linn.), Sags- ^^i"- ^'''^- <^''' <^^ ^■)'
p. 218 (1776).
Cmtturu* perdicariue, Kittl. Mlm. rfw San. UToag. i. (1833) p. 192,
t. 12 ; NiUhwi. J.f. O. 1878, p. 2,W (etnr),
Nocthura perdicaria. Frater, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 115 ; Sridgtt, ibid. ;
id.P,Z.S. 1846, p, 9 (Chili),
Nothura perdicaria, 6. S. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. iii. p. 53 (part..
specim. fi, c) (1844) ; Yarrell, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 53 (egg) ; Dtt
M«rt in Gay, HiO, dt CktU, i. p. 392 (1848) ; HarU. Naumannia,
1853, p. 221 i Cau. U.S. Eifd. Emd. ii. Birdt, p, 192 (1868) ;
HaHi. J.f. 0. 1B57, p^ 39; Germ. Pr. Boat. Soc. N. H. vii 1860,
p. 312; &■*%. jifiu. P.-*.,Tiii(nni, p. 40(1880).
TinarauB perdicariue, HarU. Sy$t. Ven.. Oft. Mia. p. 105 (1844).
Bhynchotua perdii, O. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 525, n. 2 (1844); Bp.
Compt. Bend. xlii. p. 881. n. 318 (1856); Sciar. P.Z.S. 1860,
p. 07 (part., Chili) ; Pel^ Seite Novara, Vog. p. 113 (18(16).
BhynchotiB perdii, Rchnh. Sun. Av., Gallinacwe, t 287. ft'. 1581-82
(1848).
P Nothura punctiilata, Del Mur* in Gay, JIi»t. de CkiU, i. p. 391
(1848) i Bp. Compi. Rend. xlii. p. O&j (1856) ; id. Taht. ParaU.
OaUin. (lUiract), p. 12, n. 339, p. 26 (1866) ; Sdaf. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 331 ; cf. ScJal. ^ Sate. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 642: Waugh j- LataOe.
Ad. Soe, Sc. Chili, W. p. Isxiviii, n. 28 (Peuaflor) (1894).
BhTDchotua veidicuiaa, Lieht. Norn. Av. p. 87 (1854); Bp. Tabt-
Parail. Gailin. (Ex-trad), p. 12, n. 337, p. 20 (1856) ; O. R. Gr.
Lilt QaUina Brit. Mut. p. 103, n. 4 (1867) ; Scht. P. Z. S. 1887,
pp. 331, 339 (Chili) ; Peb. Orn. Bras. p. 294 (note) (1871) ; O. R.
Gr. Hand-list, iU. p. 6, n. 9898 (1871) ; NaOiui. Zeilsehr. leit*.
Zool. nti. pp. 349-364, t. uti. ff. 14. 16, 16 (efrR aljuclure) (1871) ;
Selat. Lia Vert. An. 8th. ed. p. 547 (1883) (Zool. Gard.) ; Heine
u. Rehnur. Nom. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 304 (Vnlparaiao) (1890).
!.._., ..._ .__..___:.._ n. j.^^ ParaU. Gailin. p. 10 (genaric
Bhjmcbotes pefdicarius, J
Wpe) {1856).
P Rnj^cbolus punctulatua,
.ihynchotus punctulatua, Selat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 339; PhUmpi,
P. Z S. 1868, p. 532 (var. of R. perdicariut).
NothuruB perdicarius, Sund. Meth. lutl. Ar. disp. Tent. p. 119 (1873).
Hothoprocta perdiearia, Selat. ^ Salv. Nam. Av. Umirop. p. 153,
n. 1 (1873); iid. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 680; Siilv. Cat. B. Slrieil. ColL
p. 041, n. 3117 (1882) ; Sdat. Ibis, 1800, p. 83 (quintocubilal) ;
Hartert,Kat. Vogdatmrni. p. 20B, n. 3100(1891); Berk. Jama,
New Lia Chil. B. y. 14, n. 2fl3 (1892).
'HnamuB perdix, Oieb. Tha. Orn. iii. p. 638 (1877).
? Nolhoprocta punctulata, Selat. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 4(ll (Chili).
Adult. Qeacnil upper plutnage greyish brown ; featliers of the
Sd4 TsxauvM.
pileum blackish in the middle ; each feather of the back broadly
edged with giey oa both eidea, and with two whitiah stripea
Iwtween the K'^y latreral edge and the dark meaial pordon,
the latter mostly black with irregular greyish-brown bars ; throat
and middle of the abdomen whitish with a buffiah tinge ; lower
fore neck, breast, and sides grey, on the sides of the breast some
feathers are like those of tho upper parts ; npper wing-coverta like
the hack, only the dark mesial portion narrower ; primaries grey,
T^:ularly spotted with whitish on the outer web; secondaries brown^
with rufoos ban on the outer web, the inner web unifonn brown ;
under wing-ooverte pale brown tinged with rufous, the last row
pure grey : bill in dry skin dusky, the base of the lower mandible
pale ; feet pale hom-colour. Total length about 12 inches, wing
6*6, culmen 1, tarsus 1'5.
Ymmg in down. Upper parts vaiit^ted with pale brown and
black, and conspicuouiily striped with white, some feathers haviDg
the narrow apical portion entirely white, while others have doll
greyiah bases, the subapical portion black, and tho tips mfescent ;
sides of the head huffish white, with some black marks near the
eai-corerta ; throat pure white : remainder of the lower parts
whitish, with some dusky marks showing through the tips. {Santiago,
Mm. Turin.)
Hah. Northern and Central Chili.
a. ad. St. Chili. Lieut. Mawe, II.N. [P.],
b. a "d. sk. Ctiili. SalTin-Oodman CoU.
e. PuU. sL ChiU. Purchased.
d. Ad. sk. Central Chili. H. iterkeley James, Esq. [
a,/. <; S ad. ak. Maquehua,Cbili,Aug. H. Berkeley James, Esq. [
y. Pull.sk. KioBueno, ChiU, Feb. H. Berkeley James, Eeq.£
A. Ad. St. Valpamifo. Sir W. Burnett & Capt, Fitzroy
m
5. KoinopRociA. i
a. 2 ad. Bt. Coquimbo, Dhili. Sir W. Buraett & Capt
^ FiUroT rP.].
4. d ad. sk. C»quimbo. June [Jir. Voy. of H.M.S. ' Alert.'
Coj/pmger).
e. d ad. ak. Coquimbo, Juoe (Dr. Saltin-Godmau Coll.
Coppingtr). (Types of species.)
5. Nothoprocta pentlandl. (Piute XVI. •)
PNothura punctukia, lip. (n>-c ZVd Mart) Tab!, thrall- Oalkn.
{El-tract), p, 12, n. 3.*(9, p. -20 (pftrt.. Bolivia) (166(1); ? Sehl^.
Mut. P.-B., Tinami, p. 41 (Chili) (ie«0).
PNotliunicurviros»ie,il/>. in Mm. Lnffd. ; id. Tabl. ParaU. GaUm.
(Extract), p. 12 (18-3tt) (ttomai nudum).
P RhYuchotUB puQCtulatus, G. R. Gr. (nte De» Murt) Liif OaUauB
Brit. Miu. p. 103 (Bolivian Andes) (1867) ; id. Haad-liit, iii. p. 6
n. 9900 (1871).
Rhyncbotus pentlandii, G. R. Gr. Liit Gallina Brit. Mm. p. 103
(Bolivia) (1S67) ; id. Ha»d-UU, iii. p. 6, n. 0901 (1871).
Nolhoprocta peotlandi, ISclai. S[ Salv. Nom. Ai>. Neotrop. p. 163,
n. 3 (1873) i iid. P. Z. S. 1674, p. 880; Sctat. P. Z. S. 1W»,
p. 461 : Bclat. 4- &dv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 642 tAndas of BoUvia.
Sicaaics, and Chiquilos) ; Sdat. ^ Hade. ArgeiU. Om. ii. p. 310
(l(«Se) i Fren=. J.f.0. 1891, p. 134 (Argentine) ; Beri. J.f. 0. 1893,
p. 466 (critical).
Tisamna pentUiidi, Gi«b. ITtes. Ora. iii. p. U37 (1877).
Nolhoprocta dourin^, Cab. J. f. O. lB7a p, 13& (Cordova) ; Sctat.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 461 ; Sclat. ^ iSalv. ibid. p. 1542 ; WhiU, P. Z. S.
1883, p. 432 (Cosquin, Cordova) ; Bert. J.f. O. 1892, p. 458.
Notbura doeriogi, J-' Schaii: in lilt, tide Otb. J.f. O. 1878, p. 198.
Notboprocta moebiuai, Berl. Btr. Aiig. DeuUchi. Ora. Oei. 1893,
p. 13 (jiiv., Bolivia) ; id. J.f. O. 1892, p. 455.
Biniilar to N. perdiearia and N. eo<iu!mf/ica, bat much smaller.
Forehead, sides ol* the head, fore Deck, and breast bluish grey, the
latter dotted with white : middle of the crovro and occiput black,
the feathers edged with brown and with a white stripe on the
outer edge ; upper plumage greyish brown, each feather of the back
black, barred with brown ^ong the middle, groj'iah on the sides,
and with two whitish longitudinal stripes between the grey lateral
edge and the dark mesial portion ; throat, middle of the breast,
and abdomen dusky whitish buS; sides and ftanks greyish, dotted
or barred with white and freckled with black rermiculations ; under
tail-coverta dull greyish, with traces of dusky bars ; quills blackish ;
primaries spotted with whitish bulf on the outer web ; secondaries
barred with buff; upper wiDg-oovert8 greyish brown, vari^ated
with black marks and white spots ; under wing-coverts greyish
brown : bill in dry skins brown, with the base of lower mandible
paler; feet pale colour, probably yoUow in the living bird. Total
length 9-6 inches, wing 6, culmen I-l, tarsus 1-5.
• The PlslB represent* > bird probahlj not adult ; the ulult bird haa tlia
forefaeui. sidea of the head, Tore neck, aiid upper brtvut bluiah tead'Oalour, Ihe
tatler doited with nhile.
T.Bri'dKe8,E8q.rCJ,
SalTiQ-QodmftD CoU.
656
Yaung (typo of N, moehiuti, Berl.). No bluiah-grey tinge on the
head, neck, and breast ; uppi?r part oF the ht^ad black, the feathera
tipped with brown, and striped with whitish on the outer edge ;
flidee of the head and throat whitish, the feathers tipped witli
black ; upper parte much browner than in the adult, the feathers
having broader brown tips and contrea : lower parts pale brownish,
the feathers of the broast, sidea, and flanks with black marks and
irregular bars, and with whitish stripes on the aides ; the second-
aries besides being barred are also edged with mtescent on the OQt«r
web ; under wing-coverts blactish, edged with nifeaceot. Total
length 9'5 inches, wing 5'25, culmen 0-9, tarsus 1-3,
1 have very little doubt that the type of JV. mae.biasi is the young
of the present species, especially as it has the same ressmblance to
the adult as the young of JV. iiKxanowshu.
Sab. Bolivia and North-weatern Argentine.
a. Ad. at. Andes of Bolivia. J. F. Peatlsnd [PA
(Type of species.^
b. Ad. St. Bolivian Andes. "■ " ■ . ■.-. ^—
e. ij ad. ek. Sierra de Cordova (Dr. A.
Diiring) .
G. Notboprocta cnrvirostris.
Rhynchotis perdii, ? Sclal. {»ec Mol.) P. Z. S. 1860, p. 07 (CalacaU
and Piiellaro, Ecuador).
Nothopmcta curviroatris, Scial. ^ Sale, {nee Bp.) Nom. Av. Keotrop.
pp. 158, IBS (Ecuador) (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 680 : Sarfy,
P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 301 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 313 (Outetvo,
N. Peru), 1882, p. 49 (Chirimoto, N.E. Peru) ; BeH. ^ Taet.
P. Z. S. 1884. p. 812 (Cechce, 10,000 feet, W. Ecuador) ; Tata. ^
Berl. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 123 ; Taez. Om. Pir. iii. p. SOB, TaiOf,
p. 107 (1880) ; Salv. Nornt. Zool ii. p. 22 (near Csiamarca) (1896).
Tinaraus curvirostriH, Oieb. Thta. Om. iii. p. 630 (1877).
NothuracurviroBtria, Schltff. Mus. P.-B., Tinami, p, 41 (note) (1880).
P Nothoproctft curvirostra peruviana, Tan. Om. Pfr. iii. p. 307 (1886). .
Adult. Feathers of the njiper parts along the middle black, with I
two white stripes on the sides, and variegated and barred with m
greyish brown ; feathers of the upper part of the head black in the '
centre, edged with rufous brown, a few with a white stripe on the
outer edge ; lores, sides of the head, and throat whitish ; feathers of
checks partly rufous brown, and with a black stripe along the shaft,
also the feathers of the throat, especially those round it, are simi-
larly coloured ; breast and abdomen rufeecent ; on the breast the
feathers have two whitish spots near the tip and a subapical
irregular dusky line ; lower down the feathers are edged with
whitish ; the upper tail-coverts greyish olive-brown, with black and
whitish bar-like marks, besides being dusted with black ; upper
wing-coverts pale brown, with bar-like whitish-buff marks, ante-
riorly and posteriorly edged with black ; quills browu, outer
primaries barred with whitish buff on the outer web ;
most primaries the bars are rufescant, and are more oi
on the inner- ^^|
' leas present ^^|
5, HOIHOPUUCTA.
5OT
I
I
also OD the inner web : secondanes regularly barred witb black and
rofoQB on the outer web ; baa turd- wing, primary-coverts, and greater
wing-coverU barred witli black and rufous on the otiter web ;
marginal under wing-coverts brown, edged «-itb rufous, the central
ones rufous, the last row greyish brown : bill horn-brown, base of
lower mandible ycUow; feet apparently orange; iris dark brown.
Total length about 10'5 inches, wing <i'3, culmen I'l, tarsus 1*5.
Some specimens have the mesial black part of the feathers of the
back more extended than othere,
YouTig. SimiL-kr to the aduit, but the feathers of the breast with
broad black creacentic marks ; the upper wing-coverts leas freckled,
rufous, with black bars and whitish marks.
Tacianowski has already remarked that PeruvLin birds differ
somewhat from Ecuadorian. In the specimens in the Museum,
d and «, the black bars of the secondaries are comparatively
narrower, and the innermost secondaries (tertiariea) are without
that Bubterminal black bar which is so conspicuooa id our specimens
from Ecuador.
Hah. Ecuador and Feru.
r. (? wL sk.
Matagnn, Ecuador (£!,£uciUra). Salvin-Oodman Coll,
Cajaniarca, Peru, alt. 10,000 ft., Solviu-Godman Coll.
May (O. T. Baron).
Caiabnmba. Peru, alt. 10,000 ft., Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jon. (a T.Iiarim).
7. Nothoprocta ornata. (Plate XVII.)
Ehynchotus omatua, O. li. Gr. Lut Galiinit Br. Mu». p.
(BolivU) (1867) ; id. Hand-lust, tii. p. 5, o. 9868 (1871).
Notboprocls omatn, SdaC, ^ Snlv, Nom. Av. Neotrop. p. lo3, i
(1873) i iid. P.Z.S. 1874, p. 080, 1879, p. 6i2 (BoUvial.
- '■■■ -" *■ ■"■ 337rr' —
■nnamus omatus, GiW. Tha. Om. iii. p. 637 (1877).
Larger than N. percliearia. Upper parts brownish grey, vermi-
cnlated and irregularly banded with blsck and fnlvoos white ; the
feathers of the back have no broad pale out«r edges ; top of head
I blackish, spotted with fnlvous wtutish, the feathers irregularly
barred with black and fulvous ; sides of head and throat whitish,
with black specks, very few on the throat ; breast grey, with
numerous transverse bands of fulvous white ; lower part of breast
and sides buff; the abdomen huffy white : primaries brown, banded
with buffy whitu on the outer web ; seoonUariea brown, bonded
with bufl^ the outer web narrowly edged with buff; tail-feathers
with buff and blockish transverse bands ; the radii of the feathers
dieconnccted. Total length 13'S inches, wing 7*7, culmen I,
tarsus 1*0.
Hi^. Bolivia.
:
a, h. Ad. 81
Bolivia.
T. Bridges, Esq. (T.].
(Types of speaea.)
8. ITothoprocta braoickii.
Notboprocta brauidcii, Tact. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 563 (Juniii, C. Peru) ;
Selat. 4- Salv. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 680; Tacs. Om. Pir. iiL p. 308,
Tables, p. 107 (1886).
Adult. Smaller than N. ontala and about tbo size of N. perdi-
carta. TJppor parts brownish grey, Termicnlated with black, the
feathers of the back with large subapioal black spots ; top of head
black, spotted with folroas wbitish, the feathers with irr^iUar
rnfona bars ; sides of head and throat whitish, changing into
mfesoent on the lower neck, the feathers speckled or tipped with
black, the black specks less numerous on the throat ; breast silvery
grey, on the sides greyish brown, Termicnlated with black; lower
part of breast, abdomen, and flanks rufous buff, undulated with
grey bars, especially on the lower breast ; under tail-coverts buff,
undulated with dusky lines; quills brown-black; primarioH with
vhitieh rufeseent bars or marks on the outer web j secondaries with
l^ck and rufous bars ; under wing-covferts rufeseent, with irregular
duaky bars, the last row uniform greyish brown : " bill brown, the
base of the lower mandible pale ; feet yellowish ; iris brown "
(JeUJn). Total length about 11 inches, wiog 7, culmen 0-95,
tarsus 1*4.
I have described a specimen belonging to the Braiiieki Museum,
probably the type, kindly sent to me for inspection by Dr. Stolzmann.
Ifab. Jnnin, Fern.
6. NOTHURA. ^
Type.
TinamuB, .^j' (nee LatJi.). Av. Brai. ii. p. 63 (IKS'). . N. boraqui
Nothura, Wa^l. Syai. Av. [p^ ;;97] ( 1827) N. boraqui
Nothurni!, part, Sw. Clam, if. ii. p. 34.5 (1837).
. Lowl
S,
whitisli ed(,'ps and usually with
one brown spot in the middle tnarmorala, p. 6lil,
b'. ^'ermiculatioiu Stid apottings of upper ptrtB
Diuth liner ; feathers of the breaat with
whitish edges.
d". Breast pftler, less extenuvelf spotted,
the feathers not distinctly barred bora^ira, p. Stil.
e". Breast darker, more broa^l; spntte<l, and
■with the feathers, especi^ly the lower
ones, disiiiictl; barred in the hidden
portion darwim, p. 562,
b. Deep Tufaufl ; back chestnut, vermiculaled with
black ; wing 45 inches media, p. 563.
1. Nothnra maculosa.
Inambui, Aiara, Apimt. iii. p. 40, d. 327 (Parafruay) (180o).
Tinamua nnculosus, Trmm. Piy. et Gallin. iii. pp. 557, 748 (ISl-'i)
P Witd, Beit. nacA Brat. i. p. llti (1820) (= mediu.^ Spirf) ;
Tttnm. Fi. Gal., gmre Tinamuu, sp. 2 (1826) (= mnjor, Spix) ;
? (Tied, Jertr. iv. p.519<1832}(=raedius, Spii?); Ifu. Gmtpi.
dt Buff. 2nd ed. Oi». u. 237 ( 1838) ; Nathfa. J.f. O. 1879, p. 368
(egg), 1882. p. 38a
Cryptura fasciata, f'lefl/. A'. D. niiv. p. 109 (1819) (ei- Azern).
Tinamus fasctatus, I'itiU. Enc. Mtth. i. p. 370 (1820).
CrTpturua maculosus, Lieht. Fen. DoiM. p. 68, n. 706 (San I'nulo)
(1823) ; Thienrm. Fortjifianx. p. 26, t. v. f. 11 (egg) (184.i).
^H Tinamus majcir, 6)>i> (wc atict.), Av. Bras. ii. p. 64, t. 60 (Minas
^L Oernes) (1826).
^M Notliura major, Wapl. Sj/i/. An., gen. N.^tliura, sp. 2 (1827); ti^.
^K Itit, 182», p, 747 ; Leai. Tr. d'Orn. p, 613, n. 2 (1831) : Darmn,
^^ Zool. roy.'£e^fc,'Jii.p. ll!t(lB41): G.RGr. Oct. .S. iii. p. 526,
^H n. 2 (1844), Append, p. 25 (1B49) ; Schnb. Si/h. Av., Oallinacen,
^H t. 286. f. lo7C (1S48) [ex ^) ; f Bp. Campt. Bend. xlii. p. IJSI,
^H n. 338 (1866); id. TaU. ParaU. GalHn. {Brtraet),-p. 12, n. 340
^^H (1856); piix. Om. .Sr-(M.p.'296(Ypaiieini(,Cimeterio,Foderaciraa,
^H Ytararg, Jaguaiaiba), ^p. 4&4, Ivi (1871) ; AUv, Journ. de ZooL
^^H iii. pp. 167, S52, pis, viii.-xi. (^eleton and muscles) (1674).
^^1 Nothura niediuB, part., Wai/t. ^tt.Av.,sen. Nothura, sp. 2(1827);
^H £<»«. Jr. ffOrn. p. 513, n. 3 (1831).
^H TinamuB maculatua, Lut. Man. d'Orn. u. p. 204 (1828) ; Xatler.
^^M fide Thiatem. Fortj^nz. p. 26 (Anin.) (1S4S).
^H NothuruB maculosus. Sie. Clou. U. ii. ^. 346 (1637).
^^H Nothura innculosa, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. lit. p. 526, n. 3 (syn. emead.)
^V (1844); id. Lilt B. BrU. Mia. iii. p, .')3 (xyn. emend.) (1844) ;
^V Harll. Ind. Aior. Attunl. p. 31, n. 327 (syn. emend.) (1847) ;
^M Licht. h'om. Av. p. 87 (Minas) (1854) ; Burm. Sunt. Ueb. Th.
^n Bra*, iii. p. 336 (part.) (18M) ; it J./. O. 1866, p. 259 (La Plata)
^H id. La Btata-Bnio, U. y. 409 (jart.) (1861)- ''^ " ''-- »■-
», ii, p. 409 (part.) (1801); G. R. Gr. Lut
Oaltifut Br. Mu». p. 104 (1867) ; Sclat. * Satv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 14S
Ayrw) ; Sternberg, J.f. O. 1869, p. 274 (Buenos Ayrea) ;
flfl«e,j;/0. 1870,p.
KjUbenh, 1870, p. 51 (Mil
! (1871)1 f Let/bold, Ere Piimp. Arjent.
i)'; Bdnh. I't'd. Medd. naturh. For
'eraee); G. S. Gr.Haml~liil, iii. p. 5,
Piimp- Arjent. p. ^ {1873) j
and ArgGDtine) (1873) ; Hudmm, P. Z. 8. 1B74, pp.
Oarrod, P. Z. & 1875,
. 343 (plantar tendons);
Mart, ti-anai.), J. f. 6. f875, p. «3 ; " " " '
; ? La/bold (if.
; Dumf. I&is, 1876, p. 166,
1877, p. 203 (Oueiios Ayres) • Qihrnt, Ibis', IS80. p. 168 (Baeoos
Avres) ; Sfhleg. Mut. P.-B., Tinami, p. 43 (part., specim. 1, 9, 3, 6)
(1880) ; Balpleieh. Pr. R. Pky». Soc. Edinb. vi. p. 249 (1889) i
White, P. Z. 8. 1882, p. 629 (MiBsiones) ; Rchnw. J. f. O. 1S82,
p. 11 (Zool. Oan.) ; Scial. Lia Vert. An. Sth ed. p. 547 (1883)
SmI. Oard.) ; Barnata, Auk, 1884, p. 317 (part ; Entrerios,
wer Uruguay) ; Helm, J.f. O. 1885, p. 347 (mHsdea) ; GAwh,
iii*, 1888, p. 382 (Payaaodu, Uruguay) ; Ba-l. J. f. 0. 1687,
p. 37 (Pilcomayo, Kio Grande do Sul), p. 137 ; Luau, Pr. IT.S.
Nat. Mws. 1887, pp. 157-168 {osteoloffy) ; Withington, IbU,
1888, p. 473 (Lomaa de Zsmora) ; Sclat. | Huds. Argent. Om. ii.
p. 211 (1889) ; Bedd. Jbie. 1890, pp. 62, 63 (with cut of cwca) ; SOat.
t. c p. 82 (quintoeubitol), p. 426; Seiite a. Jichnm. Nam. Xutr
Hem. Om. p. 304 (Chili and Montevideo) (1890) ; Holbind, Ibit,
1892, p. 214 (ArgenUne) ; Aplin, Ibu, 1894, p. 214 (Uruguay) ;
Sclat. hu, 1»94, p. 4.j3.
Tinnmus toaculosa, Gieb. T/ies. Om, iii. p. 036 (syn. eraend.) (1877).
Adult. AboTB pale yellowisli brown, barred with black and
brown and streaked with fulvous white ; these streaks run on both
sides of the feathers of the back between the central dark portion
and the greyish lateral edges ; head and neck pale fulvous, with
the feathers striped with black ulong the middle; upper part of the
head mostly brown ; throat immaculate white ; lower parts fulvous,
breast spotted with brown, aides witli brown bars; flanks with
brown bars, more or less crescootic; primaries brown, with regular
pale fulvous marks on the outer web, aud with regular brighter
fulvous bars on the inner wob ; Beconclaries regularly barred with
pale brown and fulvous ; asillaries and under wing-coverts uniform
fulvous, only tho mat^nal ones of the latter with duaky spots j
"bill and feet yellowish brown" (Sclatn-). Total length from
10 to 11 inched, wing 5*5, culmen 0'7, tarsus 1-4.
Fentale. Similar, but larger.
Young in down, " Head and neck still in down, dark brown lined
with pale bnif ; a lino starting at baso of beak and forking into
two ; ueck with the buff Hues broader than the dark brown ones ;
body mottled buff and dark brown, with some httle narrow whit«
marks " {AjiHn).
Nab. Argentine, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil,
I
I
I
a. Ad. St.
/,. $ ad. sk.
c, rf, rf 9 ad. sk.
e. Ad. St.
/. Ad. sk,
g. $ ad. sk.
South America.
Ypanemu, S. Brazil,
(A'atterer).
Uruguay, July, Aug
Maiaonado,Jan. (Cairww). Zool. Soc. 'Collt "■
Alan Peel, Em. [P.V
MoDt« Video {JoAniton).
BueniiB Ayres, Feb. ( B7(A-
2. Nothnia nigrog:nttat&.
Similar to N. maailota, but blacker above, the black
the back being more conspicuous ; lower parts paler, yellowiah
I
marka td ^H
!ah rather ^^M
561
than rufesceat; the spots on the lower fore neck and upper breast
of a darker black, more roundish, and bett«r defined ; also the black
bars on the sides better defined ; " iris and feot yellow " (Siemi-
radsl-i). Total length 8-5-10 inches, wing 5S-Q-25. culmen 0-7-0-8,
tarsus 1'3-1'32,
Ihnale. Larimer than the mala.
Bab. Centriil Pampas, Argentine Republic.
The types (male and female) of this apparently new species have
been collected by Dr. Joseph Siemiradzlci and belong to the firanicki
Uuseum of Wanaw : they have been sent to me for inspectioQ by
Dr. Stokmann.
3. Hothiura boUviana.
Nothura media, O. JL Gr. (nrc S/
(Bolivia) (1867); id. Hand-lUt. i
(1871),
:(■), Lid Oaliina B. M. p. 104
i. p. d, n. gm4 (part., Bolivia)
I
Similar to iV. mocubm, but paler below and much smaller. Total
length 8-8-5 inches, wing 5-5-5, culmen 0-62-U-67, Ursas 1-02-1-1.
Hah. Bolivia,
SpecimoD d from Ciati, mentioned below, differs from the others
in being paler, especially on the neck and lower parts.
a, b. c. Ad, St. BoUvia. T. Bridaiea, Esq. [C.].
(Types of species.)
if. Ad. sk. Cinti, Bolivia. SsMu-Godman Coll.
4. Nothnra marmorata. (Plate XVIII.)
Notbura marmorata. G, R. Gr. LUt Gallince B. M. p. 104 (Bolivia)
(1867): w*- llmul-lat, iii. p. 6. n. 9903 (1871); Seiat. ^ Sola,
N<,m.A». A^TOfrim. p. 153, B. 2(1873); iid. P. Z, S. 1879, p. 642;
Schlfij. M«A. P.-B., Tbami, p. 44 (BoUvis) (1880) ; BIm. J.J. 0.
lefts, p. 405.
Tinaniua marmoralus, Guh. Thet. Om. iii. p, 636 (1877).
?Nothura mrfculosa, v. Botck (nre Temm.), MT. ont. In-, men,
1B84, p. 16.j(i:ocbsUmba, Bolivia) (P = marmorata) ; Bltu.ibid.;
id. J.f. 0. 1885, p. 405.
Simitar to S. Tnneulosa, especially on the back ; the lower parts
much whiter, the brown spots almost confined to the neck ; upper
bresst pale reddish vinons, the feathers with whitish edges and
usually with one brown spot in the middle ; flanks with narrow
brown undulated bauds ; axiltarics fulvous, with brown-grey bands.
Total length U-10 inches, wing 5-ti-6, culmen 0-72-0-73, tarsus
1-4-I-46.
ffab. Bolivia.
a, b. Ad, St, Bolivia. T. Bridges, Esq. [C.].
(Tvpes of speciea.)
5. Nothara boraquira.
Tinamus boiaquiia, Spii, Aveg Bras. ii. p. 08, t. 79 (18^5) ; Temm.
PL Vol., genrt Tinamou, sp, 4 & footnote (1830) ; Lett. Man. ii.
p. 206 (1828) ; Gieb. T/tei. Om. iii. p, ftti (1877).
Nothura boraquira, Wagl. Sust. Av., gen. Nothura, sp. 1 (1S27) ;
Leu. Tr. JO™. p. 513, n. 1 (1831) ; G. R. Or. Gen. B. iii. p. 525,
n. 1 (1844) i BOmb. Syn. Av., GsllinaceiB, t. 280. f, 1574 (1848)
(ex ^ix); Bp. Compt. Brnd. xlii. p. 881, n. 337 (1866); id.
Tabi. Faralt. Gallin. {Eiirad), p. 12, n. 338 (1856) ; Surm. IS.
Bra$. iii. p. 32B (1850); O. B. Gr. List Gattina B. M. p. 105,
n. e (1867); Beinh. Vid. Medd. naturk. Foren. KJdb«nh. 1870,
p. 61 ; RIx. Om. Brag. p. 296 (note), pp. 4.Si. Ivi (1871) : G. B.
Or. Sand-IiU, iu. p. 6, n. 9908 (1871) ; Seht. * Sale. Nom. At.
Nentrop. p. 163, n. 3 (Brazil, Paraguav, and AigentiDe) (1873) ;
■id. iMi, 1878, p. 405 (note) ; Sehl^. Mus. P.-B., Tinarai, p. 44
(1880) : Sdal. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 74 ; Berl. J. f. O. 1887, p. 127
{ex Sclater fS( Satvin).
Cnrptunifi btintquira, Thienem. Fortp/latiz. p. 26, t. r. f. 10 leeiF)
(1845).
Nothura macnloea, Barm, (nee Temm.) J. f. O. 1868, p. 161
(Mendoxa).
Similar to N. miumlosa, but differs in being smaller, in having the
fnlvous colour of the lower parts paler, the upper parts greyer &Dd
with finer TertnicalatiouB, the black parte of the feathers of the back
less prominent ; also the brown spots on the breast are paler, and
the feathers of the hreast have whiter edges : bill dusky above,
pale below; feet yellowish. Total length about 10 inches, wing 5-5,
oulmen O'S, tarsua 1-25.
Femaie. Scarcely larger.
Toung, Similar to the adult, but the spots on the breast darker.
ffab. Brazil and Western Argentina near Uendoza.
a. $ ad. sk. Mendozn, At^nt. Rep., Feb. SalTin-Ondman Coll.
( Weiuhaupl).
h, t, d. (f ? ad. Vicinity of Mendo» {Z«y- Salvin-Oodman Coll.
et juT. sk. bold).
6. NorncRA. 563
breast more greyish, the greyish mesial portion of the feathers
being broader and the brown bars better defined.
Bab. Patagooia, and apparently also the Argentliie Republic,
near Cordova.
Specimens from Cordora require comparison.
o. Ad. sk. Bahiti Blaoca ( C. Darvin). Zool. Soc. (Type of
apeciea.)
Ai c. J S I"!- Rio NeKio, Patvooia, April, Salrm-Oodman Ooll.
sk. July^ ff. n. Sudion).
d,e. 5ad.sk. lUo Negro, April, Oct. W.H. Hudson, EBq.[C.],
/ cT ad. ek. Co«quiD,CordoTa, ArgentRep,, Siklnn-QodmauColL
June (E. A. Whitr).
7. Hotliara media.
Tinamus raediua, Spix, Ai: ffrns. ii. p. 65. t. 81 (fig. mala J?;
Tejuco) (1825) ; Temm. PL C-l., qenre Tinamou, ap. 3 and foot-
note (1826) ; ZeM. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 205 (16^) ; id. Oompl. dt
Buff. Snd ad. Ou. p. 337 (1638).
Tinamus mioar, Spix, Ap. j^riu. u. p. 6S, t.S2 {Gg. matB<IF; Tejuco,
Minaa Oeraes) (1825) ; Temm. Ft. Col., genre Tinamuu, ep. 6
(part,) (182fi).
Tinamus brevipes, Natter. Mut. Vindab., fide Temm. PI. Oil., genr»
Tinamou, footnote (1826) ; cf. Jtfc, On. Bras. p. 295 (1871),
Nothora medius, part, Waffl. ^y>(. Av., gen. Nuthuni, «p, 3 (1827) ;
ZsM. TV. <f On. p. 513, n. 3 (part) (1831).
NothuramiDur, (Ti^'. %<f. '1v.,jf«n. Notbura, 8p.4(1627); id.Igu,
1829, p. 747 (not=N:nana, 2); Le»>. Tr. iOm. p. S13, n. 4
(1831); G.R.Gr. Om.B.a\.^.b^,'a.i(\Ui)\ Rr:knb.Syn.Av.,
GalhnaceiB, t 286. f. 1577 (1848) (ei SpU) -. Bp. C-mipl. Bend.
slii.p.881,n. 310 (1856); id. Tabl.Parali.Oattm. (Extract), b. 12,
a. 342 (1866) ; Burm. Th. Brat. iii. p. 331, n. 3 (1856) ; O. R. Gr.
Litt GaUitta B. M. p. 1U5, n. 7 (1807) i id. Hand-Hd, iu. p. 6,
o. 9907 (1871) ; SfcAfcy. M^. P.-B., Timuni, p. 4S (1880).
Nothura media, Wa-jl. hii, 1829, p. 747 ; Pek. Om. Srai. p. 395
(Fazenda do Rio Verde, Ytarard, IriaaniTB), pp. 454, In (1871) ;
G. R. Or. Hand'iiit, iii. p. 5, n. 9904 (firasil) (1871) ; Sdal. ^
Salr. Norn. Av. Neotrvp. p. 153, n. 4 (Brasil) (1873) ; UrAUff. JKW.
P.-£.,Tinsjni, p. 45 (1880); Grant. Ihii, 1689, p. 449*; Alien,
BuU. Amer. Mui. N. H. p. 152 (Msttu Orosso) (1893).
Nothuna minor, part., Sm. Cbut. B. ii. p. 346 (1837).
Tinamus plumbeus (?), Mum. Pari*. GdeZeei. Cotnpl. de Baffiniiid.,
Om, p.237 (note) (1838).
Nothura maculosa, part., G. R. Gr. Oen. B. iii. p. 62.5, n. 3 (1844) ;
HartL Ertl. Nacktr. Fen. Oe$. Mta. p. 17, n. 191 (1816) ; AcAni.
{nee Temm.) Sifn. Ar., OallinacBfB, t 286. f. 1576 (1848) {ex
Spix) ; Bp. (nee Temrn.) Compt. Send. xlii. p. 881, n. 380 (1856);
id. Tabl. ParaU. QalUn. {Extract), p. 12, n. 341 (1866); Bia-m.
T*. Brat. iii. p. 330 (part.) (1656); ReinA. Fid. Medd. naturk.
Form. Ejabenh. 1870, p. 62 (Currelo).
• Mr. Ogilrie Qmot mys tllnl Tuntix raritgaiui, VLeill. (N. D. xxxf. p. *7 :
10. U«th. I. p. 330, pL 232. f. 4), U probablj a Tiiumou {Holhura mtdia), but I
imot And thai either tha deMriptJon or the plat« sgreet with the latter bird.
PCrypturua minor, Thiennn. Fortjifianz, p. 26, t. v. 1. 12 (egg) (1845).
Notbura aMimilb, O. R. Gr. Litt Gallinte B. JU. p. lOS (Td67) ; id.
Sand-iul, iii. p. 6, n. 9900 {)87I).
Timuniia aesimiliB, Gieb. Thn. Orti. iii. p. 635 (1877).
PNothura nana, HarteH (n«e Temm.), Kat. VogeUamml. p. 206,
n. SlOl (1891) ( = imiior, Spix).
AdvU. Differs from all the other speciea in ita amaller sise
and decidedly ntfons colour. Sides of the forehead and head,
neck, breast, and abdomen rufous, brighter on the abdomeo and
thighe ; crown and back chestnut, vermicalated vith black, the
feathers of the back greyish on the edges, and with two buff lateral
Blripee, more or less distinct ; sides of the head and neck with
brown stripes or marks; throat whitish ; breast with brown marks,
broader on the sides, where the feathers are mesiaJly chestnut ;
flanks barred with brown ; upper tait-covertfl and tail greyish buff,
undulated with brown ; upper wing-coverts rufous with brown bars ;
primaries marked with brown and nifons on the outer web, brown
barred with rufous on the inner one ; secondaries barred with
rofons-cinnamon and brown ; under wing-covertB rufesccnt, the
last row greyish, more or less barred witb rufous. Total length
abont 7'5 inches, wing 4-5, ciilmen 0'75, tarsus 1'2.
Female- Similar, only somewhat larger. Total length about
8 inches, tarsus 1*25.
Although Spii's plates 81 and 82 scarcely agree with the types
of N. oMimiUa, Gr., stili they seem referable to the present bird.
ffab. S. Braiil.
a. Ad St. S.Amprica. Zool. Soc. (Type of
A', tusimilu.)
b. Ad. sk. No localitT iEytm Coll.). Salvin-Ciodman CoE
e. S sd. sk. Ylarar*, Braiil, Febr. (Nat- Sal vio -God man Coll.
Tinamus minar, part., Temm. PI. Cai., gewt Udmhou, sp. fi
( = DaDUB SH1826).
Nothim DaDB, ff't^f. Sunf. Jc, ym. Nutbura, ep. fi (1827) ; iiLIta,
1829, p. 747; Lot. fr rfOm. p.513, n.6 (1831); G.R.Gr.Oen.
B. Hi. p. 526, n. 6 (1S44); Nartl. lud. Atara Apunt. p. SI, a. 338
(1847) i McAnb. Sifn. Av., Gallinaww, t. 28a t. 1588 (1848) (ex
Temminck); Lkht. JVom. ^n. p. 87 (18641i Burm. Th. Bras. lii.
p. 331 {1856); id. J./. O. J8M, p. 161 ; 0. K. Ge. List GaUinai
B.M.-p. 105, n. 8(1807); iWs. Om. Br<w. p. 285 (Fiuiendit do S.
ConinHCoTneiro,Jaguiiraiba,Ytanird,Iruanrtt), pp. ioJ,!!*) (1871);
Schirg. Mut. i-.-^., Tinami, p. 40 (note) (IStO) ; ? Hch/iff. J./. 0.
1888, p. 6.
NothuTUd nUDOr (part.), Sw. Ctait. B. i:. p. 345 (1837).
Tftoniecus pnvoninu*, Glag. Hand- u, Jli^ib. d. A'at. p. 404 (18413).
Favunciilft nana, Bp. Compl. Said. ilii. p. 881, v. 341 (186G) ; id.
Tabl. Faratl. OaUin. {Ettract), p. 12, n. 343 (1856).
Tinamus carapi, A'aU. Cat. MS., teste Ftlz. Om. Bra*, p. 295 ( 1871 ).
Nothura (Taonucua) nana. O. R. Gt. Hond^itt, iii. p. 6, n. 9009
(1871).
TaoniscuB nanus. Sclal. & Salv. Nam. Av. A'eotrop.-D.lUS (l&'S);
Bed. J./. 0. 1887, p, 127. n. 356.
Adult nujle. Upper part of the head greyish brown, wilh the centres
of the feathers blackish ; throat whitish ; upper parte blackish, with
narrow whitish bare, the edges of the feathers greyish ; neck and
breast dull whitish, with a few duaky stripes or spots; tower breast
and abdomen whitish, the flanks with regular brown-blackish bars ;
upper toil-coverts very long, marked like the back ; upper wing-
coTcrts greyish, with dusky and whitish margins ; primaries uniform
brown : bill dusky above, pale below ; feet yellow- orange. Total
length about 6 inches, wing 3' 2, culmen 0*6, larsus 0'62. (Mu».
ft»ri».)
Ftmidf.. Upper parte rufous brown, the feathers broadly blackish in
the middle and vermiculated with brown ; upper taii-coverts like
tbo feathers of the back, but much shorter than in the mate ; sides
of the head whitish buff with dusky lines ; throat, middle of the
lower breast, and abdomen whitish : on the sides of the neck and
on tower fore neck the fcalhers edged %vith brown ; sides of the
breast and flanks barred wilh brown, the bars broader on tie flanks ;
npper wing-coverts burred with brown and whitish hnfl"; primaries
uniform brown ; under wing-coverte whilish with brown tines, the
last row uiiiforra grey : bi)t brown above, pale at the base of the
lower mandible ; feet in dry skin yellow. Total length about 6
inches, wing 3, culmen 0-5, tarsus 0'6.
Hab. FaJBguay and lirazil (Minas Geraes).
a. S ad. sk. Ytararfe, Braiil, March {Hattrrir). Salvin-Godman CoU.
Subfamily II. TINAMOTIDIN^.
8. CALOPEZnS.
Eudroinia, It. Otoffr., Mag. de Zool. 1832, CI. ii. toit to
pi. 1 (1833) (nee Eudromiua, Boie) C. elegKOS.
CalodroiDas, ScUa. Sf Sale. Num. Av. Ntotrop. pp. 153,
166 (1873) {nee CriodromuB, Guirin, 1832) C. elegan*.
Calopezus, Ridgv). Pr. £iot. Soc. WatA. ii. p. 07 (18S4)
(=CftlodroinM).
Ranffc. ATgentine Kepnblic and Lower Uruguay.
1. CalopeniB d^;aiu.
PwdJi martiiieta, Axara, Apunt. iii. p, 31 (1806) ; Bedd. Ibis, 1880,
p. 61.
Ettdromia elegans, B'Orb. ^ I: Gioffr. Mag. de Zool. 1832, CI. ii.
teittopl. l(Pategom(i)(1832); Lafr.IUv.Zool.yin. p. 87; D'Orb.
Vou. ii. p. 68 (note 1), p. 302, n. 11 (1835-^) ; Lou. Compl. dt
Bif. 2nd ed. Oii.j. 241, pi. — . f. 1 (1838) ; Frater, P. Z. S. 1843,
f^ 116; Bridga, ^d. (Mendoxa) ; Sarli. Ind. Aiar. Apunt. p. SI
Anm.) (1847) { Bp. Compt. Rend. xlii. p. 881, a. 342 (ISM) ; id.
TabL ParaU. GaUin. [Extract), p. 12, n. 344 (1866) ; Burm. J.f. O.
1868, p. 161, 1860, p. 269; id. La Plata-Rfige, ii. p. 408 (San
LuiB. Mendoia) (1860) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-ti»t, iii. p. 6, n. 9910
(1871) ; Hwla. ^ Sdat. P. Z. S. 1872, pp. 545, 540 (Rio N«to) ;
Leyh. Exc. Famp. An'ent. p. ~ (1873) ; id. (c. MaH. tratul.) J.f. O.
1876, p. 443; &Afcy. Jfw. P.-^,, tinami, p. 48 (Chili !) (]^);
Burm. Anal. Mttt, Nac. Butn. Aires, iiL p. 246{PatagoD' '
9. T1KAH0TIS.
567
pale fulvous; the [ulvous spots roundiflh snd rery conspicuous;
head greyiah, e&ch feather with a mesial black streak ; a long re-
curved vertical prest of black feathers, partly edged with cinereous;
two whitish hatida start from above the eyes and run oloDg the
sides of the cape; another whitish band starts from the base of the
upper maudible and crosses the cheeks under the eyes ; throat
whitish : neck greyish, each feather with a mesial blackish stripe ;
the leathers of the lower neck with a mesial black etripe, two pale
lateral stripes, and numerous black cross bars ; remainder of the
lower parts huffish white, with numerous black bars, more or less
crescentic, the abdomoo almost aniform ; primaries greyish black,
on the outer web regularly spotted, on the inner web regularly
barred with huffish whita; secondaries barred on both webs; under
wing-eoverts variegated with greyish brown and whitish, the last
row pale grey with whitish bars, irregularly crescentic ; tail barred
across with blackish and buffish white : " bill blackish ; feet bluish
grey" (Selaler); "iris dark " (ffi«i»on). Total length about 14-5
inches, wing S-5, tail 3-25, culmen I'l, tarsus 1'9.
Fetnah. Similar to the mnie.
Foully in down. Upper parts greyish brown, thickly dott«d with
black at the tip of many downy feathers, while other feathers are
striped with white ; a conspicuous brownish orest ; two white bands —
one from above the eyes, down the aides of the neck, the other from
the base of the upper mandible under the eyes ; throat and abdo-
men whiUi ; lower fore neck and upper breast greyish, with some
dusky spots and while stripes.
Hall. Southern part of 8. America, from S, Uruguay to Argentina
and Patagonia. Both Gray and Schlegel erroneously mention
apecimeuB from Chili ! and Sdater mentions eggs collected in the
Falklandsl
a,b,e. Ad.etjuv, s
ktk.
d. Ad. St.
[ChiU] Probably Meodoza '
T. Bridges, EBq.[C,].
Salvin-Oodman Coll.
MandoMi^eh. ( Wemhmipt). Salvin-Oodman Coll.
Vicinity cf Menduia {Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.
bold).
Rio Negro, Patagonia, Oct. Salvin-Godman Coll.
( W. H. HudMon).
Gould OoU.
9. TIIIAIIOTIS. Tjp^-
P. Z. S. 1836, p. 7a T. penllaodi.
Range. S. America from the Andes of Peru, and probably also of
Ecuador, to N. Chili, Bolivia, and also Patagonia.
Key to the Sjireiet '.
a. Qiiillg brown, barred with rufeacmt 0[i the outer
web pmtlandi, p.
b. QuilU aewly uniform bright rufescent ingoitfi, p. m
1. TiaamotiB pmtlandi.
Eudromia andecolat, D'Orh. Voy. ii. p. 68 (note 2), p. 302, \
(Bolivia) (1836-38).
Tinamotis peutlandi, Vigort, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 79 (Andes) ; id. Land, fl-
Edinb. rhiht. May. i. p. 289 (1837) ; id. Itu, 1838, p. 19fi; Leu.
Compl. de Buff. 2rd ed. Ou. p. 241 (1B38) ; G. R. Or. Litt Gen.
S. n. ft.1 nS4(H 1 id o». til. 9nii «l. n. 82 (ISJli : Q. R. Gr. &
(1840) ; id. 0/1. cit. 2nd ed. p. 82 (1841) ; O. R. Gr. ^
Mitch. Oen. I!, iii. p. 526, pi. 137 (1844) ; Ttch. Arch./. Naturg.
1844, i. p. 308, n. 263 (P«ni) ; id. Faim. Per., Arei, pp. 47, 28G
(1840) ; Bridgei, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 28 (TapaqiiUcha) ; I{-:hnb. Sfn.
.^ii.,Gallinaciie, t. 287. f. 1588 (*.r Gr. It Milch.) (1846); Bp.
Compl. Rend. ilii. p. 881, n. 343 (1856) ; id. Tabl. ParaU. Gallin.
(Extraa), p. 12, n. 345 (1866); O. R. Gr. Li»t (lallimB B. .«.
p. 105 (1807) i Sdat. i^ Sal». P. Z. S. 1867, p. 080 (Arequipa).
1808, p. 670; G. M. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 0, no. 9911 (IWI);
Sclta.$Sak. Nom.Av.Neotrop.-p. 153 (Bolivia and Peru) (1873);
Tact. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 604 (Junin); Gieb. The^ Om. iii. p. t«5
(1677); &/<rf. ^ Sah-.P. Z. S. 1879, p. 042; v. £oeck, MT. am.
Ver. Wirn, 1884, p. 165 (Cochftbamba, Bolivia) ; Tac:. Orn. Pit.
iii. p. 310 (1880) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 404 (Huasco, N. Chili),
1891, pp. 132, 137 (Sacava and Cauchosa) ; Jamet, New Litt
cad. B. p. 14, n. 254 (1892).
Budromia ap.. Bridges, P. Z. S. 1846, p. 0 (Tapaquilcfaa).
'nDsmua pentlandii, Schleg. Handl. Jiirrk. i. p. 899 (1S57) j id.
i>i«r«d. p. 233(1804).
Eudromia pentlandii, Schlrg. Mua. P.-S., Tinami, p. 47 (1880).
Adult, FeatheTSof the head with buff and black stripes ;
9. riKAMoTifi,
r,<V.l
rnfescont ; middle of the lower breust barred with whitUti and greyish
brown ; abdumen, flank«, and under tail-uorerttt UQiform rufous-
cinnamon ; upper wing-coverts bluish grey, with irregular bur-like
rufescent marks ; primarily uniform brown on the inner web, witb
pale rufescent marks on the outer web ; secondaries Kreyiali brown,
the inner ones regularly barred with rufescent on both webs, the
outer ones only on the outer web, while the inner web is irregularly
fn.'cklod with rufescent ; under wing-coverts buff, irregularly barred
with brown, the last row uniform greyish ; tail-feathers olive, barred
with yellowish: bill brown; iris chocolate; legs whitish green;
feet blnck. Total length about IS inches, wing 10, tail 4-5, culmon
1-1, tarsUB 1'9.
FfmaU. Similar to the male.
Uab. Bolivia, N. Chili, Pern, and, according to Tuczanowski,
also Eeuailor.
•I. Ad. *k. [Chili] more probably Tapa- T, Bridges, Esq. [C.].
ehilquA, Bolivia.
6. Ad. ek. Chili, or more probably Zool. Soc. (Type of
Bolivia (Fintland). epcciea.)
c. 2 !>d. ak. Huosco, ProF. of Tarapoci, H. Berkeley Jamea, Esq.
Chili, Feb. [!'.].
d, e. cf 9 ad. sk. Sacava, Cbili, .i^pril. LI. Berkeley James.Esq.
[P.].
/. ti nd. fk. CiuiohofiB, Chili, Jan. II. Berkeley Jame»,EHq.
. Ad. ak.
[P.].
SalTln-G.
2. TinamotiB isgoufl.
Female (type). Very different from 'I', penllandi, and easily dis-
tinguishable by the quills being rufous-cinnamon, as in Rht/ncholtu
mfeatent; primaries uniform, secondaries with black markings; upper
parts and breast grey, but each feather brown in the middle and
with irregular /^-shaped marks : head with white and dusky stripes ;
throat white, sjratted witb dusky ; upper part of the bead dusky,
bounded on the sides by two whitish bands, which join on the
occiput ; four white bands along the neck, two on each side ; a
band on the bind neok and one between the white ones on the
sides of the neck dusky ; lower breast white, with irregular orescent-
like dusky bands ; lower abdomen and under tail-coterts rufescent ;
bill dusky olive ; feet plumbeoas : iria yellow. Total length about
15'5 iuchoa, wing 8, tail 2-75, odmen 1, tarsus 1-25. (Ma*. Parit.)
Hah. E. Patagonia, near Santa Crux.
Subclass RATIT^.
Strnthioneg, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 602, Ordo vi. (1790).
lUtitiB, Merrem, Abhandl. Akad. Wiumtch. Berlin, 1812-13, P»y»«A.
£1. p. 259,
CunorM, part., IlHg. Prodr. p. 246 (1811).
Proceri (familin). /%. /. e. p. 246 (1811).
HegistanM (femilia), VUiil. Analyse, p. 53 (18t(!).
ftevipeDDee (fomilia), Cuv. S^gn. An. i. p. 4S9 (1817).
ProeerM, iSUndev. Mtth. not. Ai: disp. Tent. p. 151 (1872).
StruthJoniformes, Seebohm, Clou. B. p. 44 (1890).
All the preceding Orders of Birds being comprised in the
Subclass Caritialm, the Batitir — which fonn the eccoad Subclass
of living Birds — are characterized thus (see Gadow, Proc. Zool. 8oc.
1892, p. 237):—
" Nidifngons. Omnirorous. Terrestrial.
" Rhamphotheca compound. Naree impcrrious. Eolorhiual.
"Vertebrte heteroccelous.
" Basiptfirygoid processes functional. Proximal articulating head
of quadrate single.
" Sternum without keel and without spina interna. Si)ina
externa small or absent. Coracoid fused with scapula ; both bouea
forming a very obtuse angle.
"With incisura ischiadica. . . .
"Wings reduced; flightless. Terminal caadal vertobrffi not
coalesced into a nvgoatyle.
BTHTTTniOSlDie.
6'. Feathers with a large after-
shaft 3. CASUAEn, p. 585.
I. Hallos present, and three toes
anteriorly ; bill very long, much
longer than the head; the
noBtrila near the tip 4. APTSRYOBS, p. 60g
Order I. STRUTHIONES.
^^H Only two toea, the third aod fourth, are present ; terminal
P pbalangts shortened, with stunted nails.
I Maiillo- palatines articulating with the vomer, which touches
i neither palatines nor pterygoids,
Procoracoid large. No clavicles. Pubes united in a symphysis.
Tibia without bony bridge.
Aftershaft absent. Quills and tait-featberB lai^e.
Caaca and rectum c:
Ethiopian.
The members of this Order are the largest birds actually living.
Their bill is broad and depressed, with the cttlmen flattened and
the tip strong, rounded and overlapping that of the mandible ; the
nostrils pkced in a broad membranous groove near the middle of
the bill, and the opening oval ; the wings are short, imperfect, and
fiiraished with long soft plumes ; the tail is moderate, and composed
of curved pendent feathers ; the tarsi are very long, robust, and in
front near the toes covered with transverse scutes ; the two toea
are short and robust, the outer Ehort«r and much padded ; tlie
claws short, broad and flattened.
Only one family.
Family STRUTHIONID^.
atruthio, Linn. S. N. i
. STRUTHIO.
265, ffen. 96(1766),.
tnge. Coaflned to Africa and Arabia.
\C/. NoLTE, " StiBUBse und Straussenzuchl ii
(J. f. O. 1896, pp. 44-79).]
Key lo iha Sptcitt.
■8 of the body black. (Malrt.)
I ring of white
□ the lower part uf the neck . . eaa
J
i2 srHUTKioHiDj:.
h'. Naked parb leoU-givy or bliiij-grey ; no
distinct white rinff of feathers od the
lower part of the hind neck.
a". NakcHl skin of hend, neck, and legs
bluish grey; on the crown a hiiniy
shield 01 a dirty yellowiuh, emrounded
with downy hairs mnlybdojAana, p. 674.
h". Naked skin of head, neck, and lega
lead-grey or even white-jfrcy ; no
horny shield on the crown aiutralit, p, 576,
. Feathers of the hody {ireyish. (^Ffinalei.)
1. Strntbio camelnB.
Slrathio camelua, Linn. S. N. ed. 10, p. 153, n. 1 (1768: Syria,
Arabia, Africa),
Struthio, Brim. Om. v. p. 3, pi. i. f. 1 (17*10).
Struthio camelufl, Linn. 8. X. i. p. 20fl, ii. 1 (1766) ; Scop. Ann. i.
Sia. Nat. n. 160 (1769); Oinni, Orn. ii. p. 29, tt. 187, la^, 139
(1770) ; Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 726, n. 1 (1788) ; LatA. lid. Om. ii.
p. 003, n. 1 (1790) ; Bonn. Enc. MHh. i. p. 1 (part.), pi. 4. f. 1
(1790) ; Cuv. Minag.duM«s. H. A", i. p.2 (1801) : Vieai. N. D. iii.
p. 86(part.) (J8I6(; CHV.Segn.An.\.^.i<i\ (1817); Steph.Gtn.
ZooL II. 2, p. 43a (part.), pi. 27 (1819) ; VieUI. Oal. dei OU. ii.
p. 70 (part.), pi. 323 (1825) ; Leu. Man. tCOm. ii. p. 209 (part.)
(1828); Cfai;..fo^--4''-2nded.i.p.495(]829)! LeM.Tr.d'Om.
p. 4 (part.), pi. i. f. 1 (18;)!! ; iifnu. Gard. Mm. Zool. Hoc. ii. p. 47,
with fig. (1831) ; Sib. C'lati. B. ii. p. 34.i (1837) : iiiijup. Stuf
WirUUh. p. 114 (1835-40) ; Temm. PL Col. i., TaU. Mith. p. 68
(1838) ; Giillhfr, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 71 (muscular fibres of heart),
pp. 141, 195 (blood-corpuscles); G. R. Or. Gen. B. iii. p. 527,
pi. 188. f. 4 (head, bill, and foot) (1844) ; id. Lilt B. Brit. Mu».
■■■ [I. 64 (part.) (1844) ; Riipp. Si/it. Ueberi. p. 109, n. 389 (Egypt,
1. aiBUTHIO.
573
Aeelim. (2) yii. p. SOS (breeding in Zoo). 0«Td. ftt FloKoee) (1S70) 1
Rimire, t.e.f.6e6 (in canHnenient) ( 1870) ; FintcA u. Hartt. Vbg.
Oit-Afr. pp. 697-fi07 (part.) (1870) ; G. R. Or. Hand-lut, iii, p. 1,
n. sail (part,) (1871) : Garrod, P. Z.S. 1872, pp. 356-863 (aus-
toniy), 1873, p. 470 (buth carotidfl), p. W4 yimbiens) ; Elieu,
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 648 (Palestine) ; ScMeg. Mm. P.-B., Struthiooea,
p. e (part.) (1873) ; Hevfl. Orn. y.O.-Afr. ii. 2, p, (126 (1873) ;
Hartlng * Moienlh. OilrMa * Ottr. Farm. pp. 2-54 (part)
(1877) ; Forbft, P. Z. 8. 1877, p, 307, ■rf. 31B. f. 8 (buwa Fabncii) ;
lUioart, Tr. Zuol. &«, i. p. 385 (1877); Scimidt, P.Z.S. 1880,
p. 315; Forba, F.Z.S. 1881, p. 779. ff. I, 2 (trachon) : Naihut.
J.f. O. 1882, p. 130; Sdat. Lul T'eH. An. Sth vd. a. 551 (1883);
BoIau,J.f. O. 188*, p. 262 ; Trittr. Faun. Sr Flor. of PaU*t. p. 189
(ldS4) ; Hutlon, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 687 (ulta turcica) ; Sundev. Ibu,
1886. p. 426 (nail on the middla fingerj ; HarUrt, J.f. 0. 1886,
p. 613 (Iflger) ; Schal. J.f. O. 1888. p. 118; Uea^ u. Rrkhnw.
JVmn. jM«*.fi«n. OrB.p.305(lB90); £mM, iSw, 1801, pp.84,85
(iacubadon); R^idall, Ibu, 1803, p. 230 (Gambia); Sdat. P. Z.S.
1892. p. 679 (Upper Niger) ; Gadow, Broun'* ITiier-Reic/u, tI 4,
p.l03(]893); Aittte, J./ 0. 189o,pp.46,54; Kuachel, ibid. f. 81;
Nauorroui, Zool. Am. iviii. do. 4t«), pp. 277-280 (pterylosiu of
the embryo) (July ISft'i).
Autruche, D'Anbmt. PI. EiU. 4o7 ($); Buff. Uitt. Nat. Ou. i.
p. ![98, pi. 20(1770).
BlackOstrich, Jmrni, i«M»(!r. pp. 37. 38(parl.),pl. W(d) (1"76);
lath. &/n. lii. 1, p. 6, n, 1, pi. 71 (1785).
StiaiW!, Eartm. J.f. O. I8&i, p. 318, 1864, p. 154 (Kordufan) ; id.
Seise in N.O.-Afr. p. 506.
Advh maU. Bend, Deck, and legs naked, the skin of a bright
flesh-colour ; on the crown a oaked area pale brown ; the head
with stiEE hoary whitish feathers ; oyolaahea dusky ; down of the
neck soft and silver-grey ; the feathers at the bajie of the hind neck
white ; feathers of the body wilh the barbs disconnected, deep black,
those of the hack with a certain reddish lustre; quills and tail-
feathers white : hill horn-yellow with the tip brown, the lower
mandible reddish ; iris brown ; tarsus covered with flesh-coloured
shields, sorrounded with pale hom-yellow. Total length about
R feet, height about 8 feet, bill from gape 5 inches, tarsus
16 inches.
Female. Smaller than the male, and the feathers of the body of a
dirty grey, more or less yellowish : head, neck, and legs grey, with
a yellowish tinge ; downy feathers on the neck yeUow-grey ; ({ailla
dirty while ; tail-feathers brown, edged with white or grey, some
entirely white. Shields on the tarsi hom-eolour, darker on the
toes (NolU).
Younif. " Downy feathers of head and neck dirtj- fulvous whitish ;
on forehend and crown more reddish ; a band from the nape to the
interecapniar region brown ; on the crown und sides of the neck
some dusky stripes ; feathers of the body brown, with the tips
broadly fulvous " (Ihn'jlin).
Ne$tUng. Covered with stiff and hairy down ; crown bright
rusty reddish, with black marks ; neck dirly whitish fulvooa ;
cheeks, ear-region, and ohin purer white ; on the hind neck three
574 STBnTHioiriDjB.
disdact lougitn^inal blackish-brow a bands ; sides of the neck with
brown stripefl ; breast fulvous white ; abdomen dirty white ; on the ■
back, &om the whitish fulvons ground spring some straw-yellow
and black bristlee, which have the apical half flattened, lanceolated,
and of homy texture " (Beuglin).
Egg-thell smooth.
Jiab. Northern Africa, south to the Niger on the west, to
Ab)rsstDia on the east ; Arabia *, north to Southern Palestine.
a, b. Pull. sk. Bogos-land. Hr. Esler [C.].
e, i. <J 2 skeletons. Gambia. Earl of Derby [P.].
e. ^ skdeton. Basin of the Upper Kiger. Zoal. Soc. [Purch.].
/. Skull.
9. Bones. Eari of Derby [P.].
2. Stmtliio molybdophanH.
Struthio cameluB, Btyth, Joum. At. Soe. Beng. xiiv. p. SOS (1856) ;
Heugl. Ibis, 18n9, pp. 34.^, 344 (part., Somali) ; Nathia. Ztittchr.
f. win. Zool. 1868, p. 233, t. 13. ff. 3-C, t. 14. fl'. 7, 8, », 11,
t, 16. f. 13 (structure of the egg-shell); Fischer u. Bchnw. J.f.O.
1878, p. 247 (S. Galla-land) ; Bohm, J. f. O. 1882, p. 178
(UKOgo, Central Africa), 1885, p. 63 (CeDtral Africa).
Struthio molybdopbanee, Behme. Sonntag$bl. NorddeutKh. AUgem.
ZeU. n. 37, 16th Sept. 1883; id. Mitth. om. Vrr. H'im, 1883,
p. 203, with pi. ; RcAntc. u. Se/ml. J. /. 0. 1883, p. 399 ; Bocie-
e. Act. Soc. linn. Bord. viii. p. 436 (1884); Sidcad. Ibi», 1884,
p. 116 (in confinement) ; Ed. ihid. ; firucA, (. c. pp. .362, I
Oim. t. e. pp. 465, 486 (= australia ?) ; Behnw. J. f. O. 1
pp. 236, 248 ; Dalitnitz, t c. pp. 246, 246 (ef[g) ; Heiike, Ztittchr.
get. Om. 1884, pp. 219-222, t. lii. f. anter. (egjf); id. Liebe Zdttehr.
1884, p. 36; Bodinui,J./. O. 1886, p. 12; Dallici/s, (.c. p. 102;
i^wftUr. (. e. p. 114 (E. AfHca) ; Aattw. t. e. pp. 166-178, t. ii.
" 2 (structure of egg-siieU) ; Bckntc. t, c. p. 404 ; Bchmc.
1. STBtrtKin.
575
in front of the tarsua are of a dull vermilion-red, changiog into
yellow on the lower part, and into black on the toes ; the shields are
surrounded with pale yellow horn-colour. Size somewhat larger
than that of S. camelug.
Ftmalt. Similar to that of S. eamelm, but the grey feathers
somewhat darker.
Etfgshell with large, deep pita, generally of a dark-purple colour.
hab. Somali-land and Central Africa.
I. SkeleloD.
■. Skull
Somali -land.
So mail -land.
SoDiali-laod.
Paris Muaemn [FX
Paris Museum fp.1.
Ttowland Ward, Esq. (T,].
3, Stmthio anatralis.
Black Ostrich, part.. Brown, lUiutr. pp. 37, 38 (CapeofGood Hope)
(1776).
Ostrich, Uvht. JUm %n mdlic/ien A/rua, ii. p. 42 (1812).
Struthio cameluH, G. It. Gr. LUt B. Brit. Mu$. ii. p. 54 (part., Cape
of Good Hope) (1644); Thkurm. Fortpjtant. GeneA. der ga. VSg.
p, 6, ta£.3(epg) (1845) [ I'rf. Rhfa,\.w. 16, 17, fig. 3 (stracturs of
the egg-shell) (184iS) ; TrUtr. Ibii, 18(K), p. 74 (part.) ; Layard,
Sirdt S. Afr. p. 281, n. 5.39 (1867) ; O. R. Gr. Band-tut, iii. p. 1,
n.9641 (part.K^1871); SchUg. Jtf lu. P.-5., Struthiones, p. 6 (part.,
Cape of Good Hope) (1873) ; JVofAn*. Ztittchr.f. wit*. Znai. 1878,
p. 235, t. U. ff. 10, 11, 12, t. 16. ff. 11, 14 (atnicture of egir-
sbell) ; BhaU. IbU, 1682, p. .%8 (S.E. Africa) ; Hotub u. Pttt.
Beitr. Otb. S.-Afr. pp. 195-226 (18S2).
The Ostrich, Anderi). take Ngamt, p, 253, pi. 7 (1854).
Southern Ostrich, Sard. P.Z. S. 1660, p. 205; Sdal. Tr. Zad. Soc.
IT. p. 364 (1862).
Stnitnio camelua, var. meridionaUs, Sdat. Zut Vert. An. 1863,
p. 71, Bpecim. e, d (South Africa).
Struthio aufitraliB, Gum. Idu, 1868, o. 253 (S. Africa) ; Anderti. B.
Damara-Land, p. 261 (1872); 0«rn. Oiid. pp. 264-267 (1872) ;
Bucki. IbU, 1874, p. 391 (Matabili country) j Hartit^ * Moimth.
OttricAet ^ Oitr. Farm. p. I(t(ie77); Gum. Ibit, 1884, p. 466;
Hmlte, ZHlKhr. get. Om. 1884. p. 220. t. 12 (e^. poster, fig.) ;
Sharp*, Las/ard-i B. S. Afr. p. -91 (1884); Bodiniu, J. J. 0.
1685, p. 13; Cab. Oid. p. 97; A'a(Ai». ibid. p. 166, t. 2. f. 1,
t. 3. ff. 4-8 (structure of egg-shell) ; Bcbnte. J.f. 0. 1886, p. 117 ;
Sobal.J.f. O. 1888, p. 118; ? SeAnw. ibid. p. 802 (we«t of Tan-
?injikaP); Ott, ZtiUckr. f. Got. 1 ■- ~ -
\ier-SeicJu, vi. 4, p. '"" ■-" —
A. Newt. Did. of B. p.
pp. 48, 55 ; KuMkel, itid. p. 8l (egg).
\, p, 34; Oadow, Bronn't
I
4, p. 103 (1893) ; Schal. J. / 0. 1804, p. 9 ;
/■ .B. p. 666 (pt. iii., 1894) ; N^U, J. f. O. 1895,
M, ibid. p. 81 (egg).
Adult mtilt. Head, neck, and legs lead-grey, eometimes in birdi
kept in confitiement white-grey. Seak hom-colonr surrounded with
red, reddish at the base of the upper mandible, during the breeding-
season entirely reddish ; skin near the gape rod, this colour extending
sometimes on the cheeks ; iris brown. Vertex naked, but with no
homy shield as in S. molyhdophanet. No distinct white band at the
commencement of the feathering of the back, where, however, are
676 wTavmiosmx.
•uttered some whitish feathera ; feathers of the hack deep black
as in S, molyMophanet ; quilla and tail-fcathen pure white, bat
sometimes mixed black and white ; upper wing-coverta black. The
shields on the tarsus are hom-colour, hut during the breeding-
season they become bright red. Size of S. moli/bdojihanet.
FemaU. Similar to that of S. molyb'hpliane$, but has no horny
shield on the vertex ; " colour of the fca&ers of the body from pale
grey to dark brown " {Xolte).
Egff-ihell with numerous small, generally dark-coloured pores.
Hab. Southern Atrira •.
a,h. a 2 ad. St.
Ilalea Owi
Colony.
Cape of Good Hope.
S. Africa (Sir GeorgeGrey)
S. AMca.
Cradock, Cape Colony.
Farm, Oape Purchased.
Capt. AleHinder[C.].
Zool. Soc. (Type of
Capt. W. Hume
Middlemasa[P.].
* We do not know to whioh bird the foUoviDK nime refm. Dr. Sotater nyi
that tw ia not aure "that thu name U intended for either tbe Nortbem or
BouUiem bird."
Prince Bonaparte, ipeaking of this supposed spedei, nyi :— " Une notable
difference anatomique Ouia 1m o> du pied (sil n'^tait paj ponible qu'etle fut le
rfsultat d'one nioaatruaiit4), la pedteise de la taille (dont je ne ii> imFeiu •—-
"■ ■ . . ■ '.u djaert), la denudation p'
Order II. RHE^.
Three front toes preseat ; hallnx absent ; middle phalanges
ahortened.
Masillo-palatines large, fenestrated, not t«ncliuig the vomer.
Palatiaea short, articulating with the vomer.
Procoracoid process large. No clavicles.
Tibia without bony bridge.
Aftershaft absent. Quills very large. No tail-foathora.
Cieca lai^e.
Syrini tracheo-bronchial, with one pair of ayringeal mosdes.
Neotropical,
Rheas are smaller birds thuQ Ostriches. Their external characters
are as follows : —
Bill moderate, depressed, and broad, with the colmen flattened
&nd curved at the tip, which overlaps that of the under mandible ;
the nostrils large, oval, and placed in the middle of the bill in a
^tge mombranoua groove ; the membrane extends over the base of
the oulmen. Neck long, feathered. Wings short, imperfect, and
furnished with long soft feathers. Tail not apparent. Tarsi very
long, strong, and covered in front with broad transverse scutes.
Toes short, the lateral ones shorter than the middle one, and un-
equal, the inner the shortest; the claws moderate, strong, and
compressed.
Only one family.
Family RHEID^.
Rhea, Lath. Ind. Om. i. p. 0«6, gen, l»iii. (1700);
Bonn. Enc. Mith. \. Introd. p, icn (1790)
Toiijou. Lacfiiide. .Mem. Iiat. iii. p. 519, gen. 128
(1801) ( = Rhea, Lath:).
■lire-, uid I h»Fe rvqii™t*d liiin lo endesvo:
thepomt."
Heuflin, from aa independent m>
«M loH Iw a ratbar trustworthj a
njebel Duf, thnre existed & litUe iidaelnU Oitriek, e
but in figuro and colour much like 8, ennMb*" (!).
VOL. XX VII.
578
Tujiu, Safinfout, Anafy$e, p. 70 (1815). T^m.
Pterocnemis, G. R. Gr. Ha»d-iut, iiL p. 2, euligcn. 24G0
(1871) a darwini.
Fturucnenin, S^t. ^ Salv. Nommcl. Av. Tfeolrop.
p. lU <I873) (sPterocnemia, Gr.).
Bange. Confined to South Amorica.
[Cy. Gadow, H., "On the Anatomical Differences in tlie three Species
otShea" (V.Z.B. IStW, pp. 308-331).]
Kfy to the S}>eei^.
a. Metalanua with transrene ecutee throiigh its
length; feathers greyish, more or less dIhcIi-
iah on the head and neck, and with no white
o'. Oenerallj lighter ; akull broader amfrimna, p. 678.
C Qenerallj darker, especiallj on the head ;
akull narrower TnocrorAyncAa, p. 581.
b. Metatarsus with transrerse scutes on distal half
onlj, feathered in front on the upper parts ;
general plumage brown, most of the feathers
with white tips darwini, p. 662.
Jfot^. — Rhta nana, much smaller than the other specie*, is
known at present only from the e^ (P. Z. B. 1894, p. 654), and bos
been deacribed by Lydekker, Knowledge, xvli. 1894, p. 265 ; or in
'Beviata del Museo de la Plata,' vi. 1804, p. 103 (with fig. of egg).
— Patagonia.
1. Ebea ameiicana.
Nhandu-gnacu brasilieosibus, Marcgr, Hist. Nat. Braa. p.
1. RttHi. 57a
Touvou, Bi#. Hitf. Sat. Ota. i. p. 452 (1770).
Rhea sraenCttDB, Lath. Ind. Ora. d. p. 665, n. 1 (part.) (1790) ;
rinll. N. D. x\n. p. 199, pi. O 37 (1818) ; StejA. Gen. Zool. li.
2, p. 436, pL 28 (1819) ; ? U'itd, itewe nach Brat. u. pp. 187, 192
(pan.?)(lB21); Sa7a.ELdiZool.ia.l,p.93[iml) i fitehtVen;.
Douht. p. 69, n. 710 (Sao Paulo) (1833); VUm. Ene. Milh. m.
p. 1030 (1823); id. Gal. dei Oil. ii. p. 74, pi. 324 (1825) ; Drop.
Diet. OoM. d-ffiit. Sat. liv. p. 449 (Braiil, Chili. Peru, MigBlIan)
(1828); Ltiii. Tr. d'Om. p. 6, pi. 1. f. 2(1831); P Witd, Batr.
Naturg. Brat. iv. p. 559 (part, Rio Grande do 811I) (1832) ; Martin,
P. Z A 1834, p. 9 ; D'Orb. Tny. li. p. 303, n. 2 (note) (1835-38);
8w. Clam. B. ii. p. 346 (183/) ; Darwm, P. 2. & 1837, p. 36
(La Plata, South to the Rio Negro) ; Temm. PI. CM. i., Tail. MHh,
p. 88 (1636) ; Darw. Zool. Voy. BtagU, iii, p. 120 (1841); QtUUn.
P. Z.S. 1842, p. 141 (blood-corpuBclea); G. R. Or. 0«N.aiilp.527,
n.l(1844); ia.iw(fl. Br.(.ifu..iii.p.54 (1844); Thimem. I^rt-
I^m. get. Viig. Erst Hoft, p. 4, t. ii. f. 1 (egg) (1845) ; til
Itlua, i. Heft, 1846, p. 16, f. 2 (structure of egg-ibell) ; J. K
Gray, EnotciL Mevag. pi. 12 (1846) ; rarrtll, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 54
(egg) ; Sara. Ind. Aatr. Apunl. p. 22, n. 339 (1847) ; Rchnb.
Syn-Av., OallicacesB, t. 388. fi.2194-8S(l&18); id. Av. 8ytt. Sal.
p. m (1852): Harll. J.f. O. 1854, p. 2fl7 (in cooenement) j
Altum, ibid. p. iivii; Oei Mur» in Catteln. Eip. Am. da Sad,
Oil. p. 94 (Rto Mnodego, near Miranda) (185S) ; BolU,J.f. 0.
1866, p. 109 (Zool, Gard.) ; Burm. &fit. Uebers. Thifr. Brat. iii.
p. aS9 (Sahara, git. Lucia, LagoB Santa) (1856); Bp. Omipt. Bend.
sliii.p. 841, n. 1 (1850) ; Wymnn, Pr. Bott. Soe. A\ H. yi. p. 127
(1867); Stirm. J.f. 0. 1858, p. 154; Homryer, J.f. O. 1859,
p. 365 (in confinement); Ed. Ait. 1859, p. 115 (Zool. Card.);
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859. p. 306 (incubalioo), 1860, pp. 307, 208, f. 2
(head), p. 210; id. Ann. ^ Mag. N. B. (3) tI. pp. 142, 143, f. 2
(bead) (i860) ; Ed. Ibit, 1860, p. 310 (Zool. Qard.) ; Bvrm. J. f. O.
1860, p. 260 (Mendoxa); id. La Plala-Jteite. ii. p. 500 (1861);
Sdat. Rep. Brit. Attuc. Adv. Se.for 1861-62, Mite Comm. p. 168
(1862): id. Trant. Z. S. \v. 1860, p. 366, f. 1 (head), pi tiviii.
(part.) ; id. De Rhea Amertoana, Ditt. Zool. pp. 32 (1863) ; Ed.
ftw, 1864, p. 123: ScAUy. De Dierent. ^. 2m (imi) ; Criip,Bep.
Brit. Attoc. Adv. Sc. for 1884, 1865, Mile. Comm. pp. 92, 93;
Parker, Phil. Tram. 1866, pp. 113-183; Schmidt, Zool. Gart.
1866, pp. 8-14; J. Z.raBtJisrer,(.o, pp. 131-133; Huxley, P. Z. S.
1867, p. 421. f; 2 (akuU) ; Cimninyh. Ibii, 1868. p. 126 (PatagonU} ;
Anon. Au» der Natur, xUt. odet n. F. ixiii. pp. 800-308, 315-
318,329-333(1868); Sdat. P.Z.S.imS,p.SliR; Ifalhut.Zaltchr.
f. WW. Xool. 1869, p. 323, t 26. f. 1; StemUrg, J.f. O. 1809,
p. 276; Sleuonerl Zool. Oart. li. pp. 34-35 (1870); Holti,
J.f. O. 1870, p. 24 (egg); ? Reinh. Vid. Medd. jiaturk. Form.
m<i/)inA. 1870, p. 46 (Lagoa Santa): t Pelz. Orn. Brat. p. 295
(YtararS, Cuyaba, Cai^ara, Matto Orosso), pp. 354, Ivi (part.l
(1871); OtnmnffA. P. Z. S. 1871, pp. Wi, 110, pla, vi. & vi.a
(osteolcvyl; O, R. Gr. Hand-litt, ill. p. 1, n. 9842 (1871):
Sperling, Ibit. 1872, p. 78 ; Jludton, P. 7.. A 1872. p. 636 ; Simdev.
Meth. nat. Av. rfMO. Tent. p. 152 (1872); Pelt. Bm. 1873,
SchUg. Mat. P.-B., Struthioaen, p. 6 (J873); Garrod, .
1873, p. ftt4 ; Selal. ^ SaU. Somenei Ar. Stotrop. p. 1
(1873) ; Lm/bold, Exeun. PamjHuArjml. p. 83 (18731, ef. v. Mart,
J.f. 0. 1875, p. 444; Taiber, La Plata MonaiKhr. 1874, p. 22;
Anon. Aiu dn- Xatur, Ixiy. oder n. i\ lii. pp. 268, 26W (1874) ;
Giffl. Viaggio Magenta, pp. 70, 75. 82, 962 (IB. 5) ; GuUiv. P. Z. S.
1875, pp. 478, 488 (btood-corpiiscles) ; MieaH. Traiu. '£. S. x.
1874, pp. J-5-2 (1877) ; Harting,OKlrich. ^ Ostrich Farm. pp. o5-*4.
ta. p. S6, pi. to face p. 58 (1877) ; Gieb. The*. Orn.
(1877); Forbet, P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 306, 307 (bursa i-anncii) ;
Gadote, J.f. O. 1877, pp. 180, 187, 188 (unalomiciil detaiU):
Davit, Oologitt, iv. 1, Manh 1878, pp. 5, 6 ; Brtrbohm. Wandrr. I'l
Patag. p. &> (1879) ; id. Chicaqo Field, »i. no. «. March 22, 1879,
p. 92 ; id. IbU, 1879, p. 386 ; 0>b*<m, Ibi>, 1880, p. 167 (But^nns
Ayres) ; Dumf. ibid. p. 414 : Schmidt, P. Z. 8. 1880, p. 316: Oiidot,
Lerm. des Autr. p. 2-20 (1880) ; Senumehamm, Bull. Ae. Bflg. (2)
i. p. 115 (1880); id. Arck. Biol i. p. 6tf:\, pi. ixiv. (glande
gMtrique) (1880) ; Forbei, Ibii, 1881, p. 361 ; id. P. Z. S. 18s],
Sf. 784, 785, figa. 7, 8 (trachtai) ; Beirih. Vid. Mrild. A'al. F<.r. i
jabetiA. 1881, pp. 141-15:!; id. Jbis, 1882, pp. 322, 332 (foKsil,
Braiil); Raiitret-Wettfl, Bull. Soc. AccUm. 1882, p. 04; Sclat.
Liu Vfrt. An. 8th ed. p. 552 f. 59 (head) (1883) ; Emnt, Ann.
N. H. (6) li. p. 458 (the nght carotid present in the vounir)
(1883) ; MeUier, Btdl. Sae. Acclim. 1881, pp. Ill, 112, 5l(J (in
captivitv); Bermfftr, ibid. p. 916; v. Boerk, Mitth. om. Ver. in
>ri'ni, 1'884, p. IGtl (£. Bolivia and on the CordiUeraa of Tacora
^ la), ef. Ibii, 1888, p. 366 ; OiAboti, Ibit, 1885. p. 283
(Pajeandu, UniBuay) ; Gadujc, P. Z S. 188.% pp. 306-322, ff. 1, 4
(ikull) ; Owaz, P. Z. S. 1886, pp. 324-327 ; Brddard, I. c. p. 83ft ;
. Neat. Ene. Brit. 91h ed. ii. p. 505 (1886); Berl. J.f. O.
1887, p. 127 ; Zarider, SB. Ge». Kdnigfb. 1888, pp. 31, 32 ; Jliirm.
An. Mus. ^'ac. Bum. Air. lii. p. 245 (1888); Sclat. ^ Hudt.
Argent. Om. ii. p. 216, with &g. of head (1889) ; Heine u. Rcfmte.
Horn. Mux. Bein. Om. p. 305 (1800) ; Beans, Biii, 1891. pp. 53, 85
(incubatioD) ; Ouet. Miss. Sc. Cap Horn, Oil. p. 323 (1891);
Frfi.:i'l, J.f. 0. \m\, p. 124 ; 0*f, Zfifiiihr. OdiMjif. 18fi2. v. 34 :
G. Kerr, IbU, \im, p. 151 (Oran Chaco) ; Ilidland, t
p. 234.
llyhAtL
mocrorhyncbn d, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883,
lUioB smericana. Albino variety, Darwin, in Zool. of the 'BeagUj Jii.
p. 121 (note) (1841).
■ jEt£i» al'beicens, Arribnkaga S( Holmberij, El Naturali»la Arj/entino,
W' i. (1878) pp. 1-^ (aep. copy) (Carhuf, on Buenos .Aires frontier;
mail J eianiplM).
Also Molina and gome recent authors mention white vaiietiee of
Adult male. General plumage grey ; head blackish above ; neolc
whitiah, with the ahafte of the feathara and a band along the nape
black ; the band spreads into a broad patch between the shoulders ;
base of the Deck beneath block, whence arise two black lateral
crescenta, one ou each side of the upper breast ; rump, lower parts,
and the feathers of the legs whitish ; secondaries brown on the
apical half, some of the inner ones partly or eveii entirely white :
bill and feet yellowish horn-brown ; iris brown. Total length about
52 inches, bill from gape 4'u, tarsus 11-12.
Thefettiak is paler than the male.
Sab. Bolivia and llatto Grosso, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine
Republic ; apparently also Southern E. Brazil.
a. Ad, at.
A. Ad. St.
c, d. PuU. St.
«,/. Pull. Bt.
i. Skeleton.
i. Imperfect elieleUin.
k. Imperfect ekult'toa.
/. Imperfect skeleton
of young bird.
S. America.
S. America,
S, America,
S. America.
Ar^ntins I'epublic.
liio Grande do Sul.
Sir Robert Harvey [P.'
John Tyler, Esq. LPt]. "
a Ihenog [I
Purchased.
Zool, Soc.
Zool. Boc.
2. Bhea macrorhyncha.
P Nhandu-guBcu briLoiliunsihus, Mnni/r. Uisl. An/. Brnf. p. lUO
(1048) ( Fi»o, HUl. Sal. Bra,, p, 84, with tig, (1048).
P Stntthio camelufl americatiua. Rat, Sj/n. A«. p. *l (171.1).
FBhea, Moehr. Av. Gen. p. 65 (1752); Sritit. Om. y. p. 8 (ayn,
emend.) (CJuiftna! and Brazil) (1780).
FStruthio americanos, Linn. S. N. (ed. 10) i. p. 15S, n, 3 (America
Australi) (17fl8) (er Marcyraiv and Piio).
t Struthio rhea, Linn. S. K (e<l. 12) i. p. 200, n. 3 (syn. emend.)
(1766).
f Tnyew or Ema, Stedimm, yarr. of an Ei-ptd, to S»rmam (LoDdoo,
1*^.
Rhea unericano, Wted, Jteiie nacA Brat. ii. pp. 187, 103 {part ?)
(1S21); LicM. Ven. Do«bl. p. W, n. 710 (San Paulo) (182»);
Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bra*. IT, p. STiS (part., Campo Geral, Bio
San Francisco, Prof. Peniambuco) (18J2) ; '' Licht. Nom. Av.
p. 88 (Brazil) (1864) ; Surm. Su»t. Urher*. Thier. Bran. iii. p. 352
(part.) (Campos, interior of Braiil) (1856); Rfinh. Vid. Medd.
naturk. Foren. AjntmA, 1870, p. 46 {Rio San Francisco).
Rhea macrorhvachft, Sflat. F. Z. S. 1860, pp. 207, 208, f. 1 (tead),
p. 310 {ex pitria ipiota) ; id. Ann. * Mag. A". H. (3) vi. pp. ]42,
143,f.l(heBd)(ldeu): tel./£i«, I860, p.310; id. Rep. Brit. Aaoe.
Adr. Sc. for IriCl, Mite. Comta. p. 1-J8 (1802) ; id. Trans. Z. S.
iv. p. 356, f. 2, pi. liii. (1862) ; Cii»tiingh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 105 j
G. R. Gr. Hand-m, iii. p. 2, n. 9843 (1871); Sclat. ^ Sale:
Kom. Av. A'fotrop. p. 154, n. 2 {rx loco ignoto) (1873) ; Rarting,
0»*r»cA«»* 0«(r. farm. pp. 82, IW, with Iff. of the Lead (1877);
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 160 {N.E. Brazil) ; Gieb. Thf». Orn. iU.
p. 424 (1877); IWbft, Ibit, 1831, pp. 318, 325, 350, 300 (N.E
Brawl); trf. P. Z. 5. 1881, pp. 784, 786 {trachea) ; Parker, P.Z.S.
1683, pp. 141, 142 {reBpiratory otf^OB) ; ScM. List Vert. An. 8th
ed. p. 553, f. 00 {head) (Maranham and Pemambuco) (1883);
Finich, Ibit, 1884, p. 353; Oadote, P. Z. S. 1886, pp. 308-322,
3. 2, 5 (akuU), f. 9 (tracliiia) ; ? Claraz, I. c. pp. 324, 3:>5
{egg6) ; ScUit. ibid. p. 327 (=either R. americana or R. dantini) ;
Gaduw, Bronn'i Titer-Seiehi, tL 4. Aces, p. 104 {1803); iScAal.
J.f. O. 1804, p. 13: A. Neaton, Diet, of B. pp. 787, 788 {pt. 3,
1804).
Ema, Barton, Higblands of Brazil, ii. p. 20 (M^inaa), p. 296 (Rio
San Francisco) (18t!9). '
Very similar to R, amerieaiui, bnt ia distinguishable by iU
gensrally browner colouring, by the darker crown, which is oearly
black, and by its longer aod narrower hill.
Iniinature birds hare the plumage of a tawny brown {Forhet).
Hah. N.E. Brazil, principally the provinces of Pemambuco and
1. SEKA. 583
TAienem. FartpJUtni. gen. Vogel, Errt Heft, p. 4, I, ii. t. 2 (egg)
(Va-'i) ; Chata ^ Ua Mur», Enc. SHUt. Nat., Oa. vi. p. 303"
Rhea diirwimi, Oould, P. Z. 8. 1837, p. 36; Darwin, ibid. p. 36
(Rio Negro, N. Pat8gom&); CharUmi. Mag. Nat. Hiit. (2) i
p. 504(1837) ( = R.peQn»ta,/)'OF*.); Ed. Mag. of ZooL^BU.
" — °2, 93 (1838) : Gould, Im, uxii. p. 144 (1839) ; id. Tgj.
'a(^to,'BWs,p. 123,pl.4T(1841); O. E. ffr. Gen. a. iii. p. 527
11.2, pL 138 (1844); Sehnb. Sifn. Av., Gamoacem, t. 388. ff. 2\96-
97 (1848) ; HarU. J. f. O. 1854, B. pp. Ixii, IxiU ; Birm. Sj/tt.
I
UAtrt. ThifF. Brat. iii. p. 362 (Anm.) (1866) i Bp. Owwt. Beitd.
xliii. p. 841, n. S (1856) ; Ed. Ibit, 1869, p. 115 {Zool! Gard.) ;
Selat. P. Z. 8. laeO, pp. 207, 208, 20», f. 3 (head), p. 210 ; id.
Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (3) vL pp. 142, 144, f. S (bead) (ll^tO) ; id.
Ibit, 1860, p. 310; id. Sep. Brit. Auoo. Adv. Sr./or 1801. 1862,
MiK. Comm. p. 158 (1802); id. Tram. Z. 8. iv. 1860, p. 357, f. 3
(head), pi. lii. (1862) ; ? Leadb. P. Z. S. 18^1, p. 1 (ere) ; Ed. Ibis,
1864, p. 123; &Meff. De Diermt. Sg. f. 237 (imi) ; Phil, it Landb.
Cat- Av. ChiL (Mendoza) {An. IMv. Chile, ixxi. p. 270, 1868} i
Sternb. J.f. 0. 1869, p. 274; HolU, J.f. 0. 1870, p, 20 (em);
Ctnamtgh. Nat. Hat. Str. ofMagdt. p. 134(1870) ; id. P. Z.S. 18> 1,
pp. 106, 110, pla. vi., Ti.a (osteology); Hudson, P. Z. S. 1872,
pp. 634, 636 ; Schleg. Mut. P.-B., Strathiones, p. 7 (1873) ; Leybold,
Ereun. Pampa» Arjeat. p. 85 (1873), e/. Mart. J.f. 0. 1876. p. 444;
Gigl. IXaggio Magenta, pp. 966, 962 (1875) ; Harting, Ottrichet
4- oar. Farm. pp. 85-02 (1877); Gieb. Thn. Om. iii. p. 424
(1877) ; Dumf. Ibii, 1877, p. 48 (Chuput Valley, Patagonia),
1878, p. 406 (0. Patagonia) ; BecrhtAm, Wander, tn P^ag. p. 50
(1879); id. Ibii, 1879, p. 385; Forbet, Ibii, 1881, p. 176; Sclat.
Lid Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 554, f. 61 (head) (1883) ; Parher, P. Z. S.
1883, pp. 141, 142 (respiratory orgaoi); Gadow, P. Z. S. 1886,
r. 308-323, ff. 3, 6 (skull), f. 8 (digest orgniwl, f. 10 (twchpa),
11 (foot); Claran, P. Z S. 1885, pp. 324-327; A. Neat. Ene.
SrU. 9th ed. xx. p. 506 (1886) ; Bail, Notet of a Natural, m S.
^nur.p.261 (1887): PAi%>i; Ornu.iv.p.lS9(Atikcaiua) (1688|;
Bcbit. I iTurfn. Ajyent. Om. u. p. 219, Kg. of head (1880) ; Heine u.
Rchnw. Nomencl. Mwi. Hein. Om. p. 306 (1890) ; Sclat. P. Z. 8.
1880, p. 412 (Taraparf), 1891, pp. 132, 137 (Canchoea, TarapacA) ;
Oud. Miu. Sc. Cap Bom, Oil. pp. 247. 334 (1891) ; Sharpe, Cat.
Ott. Specim. R. C. S. iii. p. 419 (1891) ; Berk. Jamet, New Litl ail.
B. p. 14, Q. 256 (TarM»C8) (1892) ; Sdat. P. Z. & 1892. p. 473
(in captivi^) ; Oil, Zeiteehr. f. Oologa, 1893, p. 34 ; Blaauw,
P. Z. S. 1893, p. 632; SchiU. J.f. O. 1894, p. 11 (oology) ; A.
Newton, Diet, of B. pp, 787, 788 (pt, 3, ]8&i).
hai nollr (he prioriti OTcr that of Oould, as appears from the fuUowing
notice publLihed in ' The Hagaime uf Natural Ilistai?,' &c., Kew Series, oon-
duoted b; Edward Oharletworth, lol. i, p. C04, Scpiembor 1837:— "We
obMrre oj ■ lettar vhick laUly appeared in one of the French KienliBc
joumala, that H. D'Orbisn)' olaimi the right of baring Srat deecribed the RAfa
brought home by Mr. Darwin from South America, and which Mr. Oould
namnl a few manUu since B. Darvnnii. It appean thai D'Orbigny E>Te it ths
ipeciSe appellation or ft. pemiata." I haie not been able to find the French
jouinal oontaining D'Orbigny's letter.
? Rhea amcdcoiUk, Tteh. (nw Linn.) Wiegm. Areh. 1844, i. p. 309
(Pern) ; id. Faun. Per., Avti, pp. 48, 693 (1846) ; Tact. Om. IVr.
iii. p. 600 (1886).
ATddfini pettzo, L. A. Ooue, Bull. Soe. Acdim. iii. p, 297 (1856).
Rhea Bmeiicana, aubsp. d&nvimi, Backing, Arch.f. ^aturg, 1863, i.
p. 213.
Strutbio darwinii, Sternberg, J. f. 0. 1869, p. 374.
Ptorocnemia darwinii, 6. H. Gr. Hand-Hit, iii. p. 2, n. 9844 (1871).
Oetrich [from PatagDnial, Chaicorli'Maetert, At Home vith Ikt
Patagmiane, p. 76 (1872).
Pwrocnemi* darwinii, Selat, ^ Salv. Nomenci. Av. A'totrop. p. 154
(1873).
Aveatnii petise, Dane. Natural. Fey. round the World, pp. 92-&4
(1882).
Advil. General pinmage buff-brown, moat of the feathers of the
back and of the quills with white tips; beneath, throat and neck
bnff-brown, reet of the under Burface whitish ; front of tarana
feathered on the upper part, then covered with amall reticulate acutee,
and on tlie lower part with transverse scutes : bill horn-brown ; feet
yellowish ; iris brown. Total length about 36 inches, bill &om
gape 3'6, tarsua 11.
The pinmage of the yovng is dusky grey, without white and
black feathera {Hvd«m),
The young are hatched with the legs feathered to the toes.
Hah. Patagonia, Argentine Republic, and Chili, as far north ag
tbe ProTince of Tarapac^.
o-d; (J ad. rt. et [Chili.] T. Bridges, Esq. [C.].
juv. et pull at.
Order III. CASUARII.
Hallux absent. Three front toes, with claws ; middle phalangos
Bhortenod.
Uaxillo-palatines large, fiiKed with vomer and pncmasilla.
Vomer long, articulating -with palatinos and pterygoids.
Procoracoid process small. Clavicloa rudimentarj'. Tibia without
bony bridge.
Aft«rshaft very large, aa long as tbe priacipal shaft.
Csca small, functional.
Aastralasian.
¥
Key lo the FainiVus.
No casque (
A casque oi
m the bead ; bill broad . . 1. Dromffiide, p. 5S5.
1 the head ; bill narrow . . 2. Casaariida, p. 590.
Family I. DROMiEIDJE.
The DrQtnaid'r, containing only one genus, Dronurut, have the
lull moderate and broad, with the eulmen at the base elevated and
sloping to the tip, which overlaps that of the under mandible ; the
nostrils placed in a large membranous groove, with the opening
anteriorly and oblong oval. Wings rudimentary. Toil not appa-
rent. Tarsi very long, strong, and mostly covered in front with
reticulated scntes, except noar the toes, where there are a few
transverse ones, and posteriorly with a scries of rough scales.
Toes moderate, the latend ones unequal, the inner one the shoriest;
the claws moderate, strong and obtuse.
Range. Confined to Auetralia.
I. DBOH£US.
Dromiceius itrrure), I'ieill. Anaiyte, p. 54 (ISIO). .
DromaiuB, VieiU. op. cil. p. 20 (ISIU) : id. N. U.
I. p. 211 (1817).
Dntiiueu9, Raax. El. di Xool. iii. 1, p. 88 (18:^1).
Tscheii. ffriit. i*Ai;.o/ Zoo/, ii. p. 257 (1822J . .,
DromieeuB, Sic. Cttm. B. u. p. SiB (16.37).
Dnuaoieus, A. Newton, Did. of B. p. 213 (note)
(pt 1, I8!«).
Banijt, Confined to Australia.
L
Key to tkt Spteie*.
a. Feathers of the body uniform ^juh, with
the tips black.
a'. Larger: total length about 78 inches j
feathers of the neck greyish, with the
tips black navte hnllandus, p. 586,
A'. Smaller: total lenrth about 5S inches;
feathers of the neck entirely black ater, p. 588.
b. Feathers of tho body burred alternately with
silky whit« and darkish grey thiouehout
their length, t«riuinating in a hiack tip,
marj^ued posteriorly with rufous irroratut, p. ^89.
1. Dromena nova hollandite.
New Holland Caasowarv, Phillip, BU. Bay, p. 271, c. % (1780);
mtite, Joum. Vov. N. S. Walei, p. 129, c. fig. (1790); Lath. Syn.
Su;^.ii. p. 290(1801).
CasuariuH novio hollacdife. Lath. Ind. Om. ii. p. 0G6, n. 2 (1790) ;
Bonn. Bnc. Mith. 1. p. !> (1790) ; Shaw, hat. Mae. ili. pi. 99
(I'M); /%. Prodr. Mavim. et An. p. 347 (1811); I-Vemrry,
Progr, Speciin, 200I. littau obt. prat, otlei-l. de Casiurio Kom
HoUandia, pp. 1-86 (1819) : Cuv. Rign. An. 2Dd ed. i. p. 497
(1829) ; Tkienem. Fort^. get. Viig. i. Heft, p. 3, t. i. f. 2 (eng)
(1845).
Struttuo noTEO hoUandite, Meyer, Syst.-&immar. Ueberi, d. neuit.
Booi. Erdd. in NetihoU. u. Afiika, p. 69 (1703) {/idr BaniaHi).
Emu of New South Wsles, Coffin's Voy. ii. pi. iv. p. 307 (1802).
DromiceiuB novte hollandiie, T'ieill. Analyse, p. 54(181tt): Sieph.
Gen. Zool. xL 2, p. 439 (1819) ; Leu. Man. it. p. 210 (18%)-
Dromaius Bter, part., ri«a. JV.1>. i. p. 212(181i); Lr»». Tr. d'Om.
p. 0 (piirt.), pi, 2. f. 2 (1831) ; Parker. P. H. $. 186.% p. ol7 (sacral
1.
S!:*"
Schmidt, P.Z.S. 18S0, p. 315 (durdtion of life); Oatlot, Frrm.
tTAuir. p. 241 ( 18»0) ; Farbti, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 784 (Inw-hea) ;
Sclat. Lut Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 650 (part.) (1883) ; BiunceU, Pr.
Linn. Sae. N. S. W. (3) ii. pp. 677-600, pla. viii.-ii.. cut* (deve-
lopment) (1887) ; Gadou), Zaol. JaArb. v. pp. 636-fl38, tt. iliti.,
ihv. (tracbeal pouch) (I8fl0) ; £mru, Ibii, 1891, p. 84 (incuba'
tion); Bartni. Kat. rogrUamml. p. 249, n. 3610 (1891) (Van-
diBmenaJand I) ; Oat, Zeiliehr. f. Oologie, 1892, p. 34 ; Oadow.
Bronn't Tkier-Bekht, m. 4, Avei, p. 104 (1893) ; A. Saet. JMet.
of S. p, 213, with fig. p. 214 (pt 1, 1893) (formerlj in the
i«Und9 of Bmb Strait sod Tannuiia) ; &hal. J./. 0. 1804, p. 15
(flTii, eniend.).
TacGea novje hollandiie, Flem. PhO. of ZooL ii. p. 267 (1822).
V'an Diemen's L&Dd Cassowarv, Lath. Oen. Hilt. viii. p. 384, pi. 138
(1823).
Emeu, Wedfmeyer, Fror. Not. ix. no. 177, pp. 7, 8 (1894) (musku-
losen Boutel) ; Cumiingh. Fror. Xot. iviii. no. 387, p. 202 (1827);
GraelU, Buli. Soc. Imp. Aeclim. 1861 (rearipff, Ketiro).
DroniMUs dovk hulliindik, Xnar, Edinb. Phil. Joam. x. pp. 132-137,
187-140 (anst. Btrucf.) (1824) ; id. Fror. A"o(. Bd. vi. no. 127,
pp. 26S, 264 (trachea) (1834); id. Mee/ctTi Arch. f. AnM. 1832,
pp. 263-271, 271-373; Q. it Or. List Gen. B. p. 63 (1840) ; id.
op. cit. 2nd ad. p. 82 (1841); Oulliv. P.Z.S. 1842, p. 141
(bJood-corpuscles) ; O. K. Gr. Oen. B. iii. p. 628 (part.) (1844) ;
id. List B. Brit. Mh>. ili. p. 64 (Van Dianiea's Land) (1844) ;
Leichardt, Journal Overland Rep. in Auttr. p. 360 (1847);
Gould, B. Auitr. vi pi. 1 (pt. 33. 1848); Rchnb. Sun. Ai:,
Gallinaceffi, t. 390. S. 2306-13 (1848); Sturt, Ezjied. Centr.
Atutr. ii. Append, p. 47(1849); Jtehnb. ^. Av., A^ooiW*. t 387.
ff. 2694-99 (1851) (fti' Gould) ; Licht. Smnencl. Ac. p. 88 (18H) ;
Zuchotdt, Lf. 0. 1869, p. 40 ; Oould, Bmtdb. B. Avtr. ii. p. 200
(18ES5) ; Bartm. Zoul. Oart. 1866, p. 69 ; G. R. Or. Band-tut, iii,
p. 2,11. 9846 (1871); Duchamp, Ann. Sc. Nat. (5) zvii. art. 11,
pp. 1-12, pi. 23 (anatflmj) (1673) ; Schkg. Mii». P.-B., Strathionea,
p. 7 (1873) ; Oullie. P. Z. & 1876, p. 488 (blood-corpuadeB) ;
Sanu. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 119 (N.E. Queensland) ; id. Pr. Linn. Soc.
N. 8. W. ii. p. 196. n. 657 (1878) ; Mattm, t. c. p. 276 (Port
Darwin !) (1878) ; BamM. Tab. lAM, p. 19, n. 509 (1^8) ; North,
Doer. Cht. Xati ^ Eggi, p. 292 (1868).
UromicBins emu, Strph. Gen. Zool. liv. 1, pi. 39 (1836).
Neuhollondiacher Caauar, tTf^ner in Htutinffei'i Zetttehr./. organ.
Phyt. i. pp. 5fl5-696 (1827) (wing) ; id. in I'iruta. Bull. 8c. Nat.
IT. pp. 162, 168(1828).
New (lollwid Ostrich, Macartney, Brp- Brit. Auoc. Ada. Sc. Qlh
Meet. 1836, Tranaict. Sect. p. 87 (1837) (organ of voice).
Dromiceui auHtralia, Sm. Clou. B. ii. p. 346 (1837) ; Owen, P. Z. 8.
1846, p. 124 (index).
Emu, Milekea, Three Brped. into the Inter, of B. Auetr. ii. p. 280
(1838) ; Bennett, Gather, of a Natwal. i» Awitr. p. 210 (i860) i
Tegattneier, Field, 12lh Sept., 1868.
Dromaiun emeu, Home^. J.f. O. 1869, p. S6R (egga).
Drom^ de la Nouvelle Hollande, OrarlU, Bull. Soc. Imp. Ac
1861, pp. 91-04 ; Tourhard, op. cit. 1867, pp. 2-7 (bn-eding).
EmcudeU* " ■ '■•■'• -
, , . ,'P' 2-7 (bn«QLJ „.
Nuuvelle IloUande, Le Preiifre, BhU. 8w. Imp. AecUm.
Casoar d'Auatralie, Barracbin, Bull. Soc. hnp. Aedim. 1880, pp. 238,
588 DE01I.SlDJi.
Adult nude. FcatbeTS of the hoad and hind neck black, short,
hairy, and recurved; naked skin of the aides of the head and throat
blue ; feathers of the body grejisb, with the tips black ; feathers
of the logs grey, with smtjl black epota at the tip ; irides brown :
bill and feet blaokiah. Total length about 78*74 inches, tarsus 13-38,
cnlmen 2*44.
Female, (Similar, hut somewhat Bmallcr.
Yoimg. Darker than the adult.
Neatling. "Greyish white, with two stripes of black down the back,
and two oth«rs on each side, each subdivided by a narrow middle
line of white — these stripes being continued along the neck without
aubdiviaion, and broken into irregular spots on the head ; two other
broken stripes pass down the fore part of the neck and breast, and
terminate in a broad band across the thighs " (Gould).
Hah. Eastom Australia, from Cape York, and perhaps also from
Fort Essiogton, to Victoria ; formerly also Tasmania.
b. Pull. sk.
e,d. Pull, at
ft PulLrt.
/. Pull. St
tPuU. St
L Ad. sk.
it. Skeleton,
I. Skeleton.
Australia.
Port Leschenault.
Bred in confinement
Bred in confinement.
Bred in confinement
Rev.
G. W. Keightley
Bates, Esq. [P.^.
Zool. Soc.
G. E. Loder, Esq. [P.].
Surrey Zool. Card.
Ronald Gunn, Esq. [P.].
Lord Lilford [P.],
2. DronuBUB ater.
Hah. Decrcs or Kangaroo Liland, bnt uow extinct, and only
known from the single stuffed specimen and the skeleton in the
P&m Museum.
3. DronueiiB Irroratns.
, Dromffius irroratos, Bartl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 295 (S. Australia); id.
Aim. J Moff. N. H. (3) v. pp. 333-334 (1860) ; id. P. Z. S. 1860,
p. 30a (twe) 1 &Uat. P. Z. S. imi, p. 311 (Albanv, W. Australia),
pp. 248, M9, 371 ; id. Ann. * Mag. N. H. (3) Ti. pp. 219-215
(i860) ; Ed. Ibis, 1860, p. 310 ; Sclat. Tram. ZmI. Soc. iv. p. 360,
pL 76(1882) ; Ed. lb!», 1863, p. 285; Bmn. Zoolog. 1863, p. 8313,
1604, pp 8323, 9200-9206; id. Bull. Soc. Ittm. Acdim. 1868,
pp. 683-688; Gieb. The$. Om. iL p. 59 (18/5)) Mo^th. *
HaHing, Ostrieket Si Ostrich Farm. ■a. 145(1877); Gadow, Brotm's
Tkier-Rekhi. vi. 4, p. 104 (1893J ; A. Newt. Di^. of B. p. 214
(pt. 1, 1893) ; S6hal J.f. O. 1804, p. 16.
DronjMLw irroratus, Gould, Ba«db. B. Auttr. ii. p. 304 (1865) ; a. R.
Or. Handrlia. iii. p. 2, n. 9847 ; Sdtleg. Mtm. P.-B., Struthionea,
p. 7 (1873) ; Bana. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 106, n. 658
(1878); id Tab. LUf, p. 19, n. 670 (1888); NoHk, Deter. Col.
NnU * Eggi B. Aw,tr. p. 294 (1889).
Dromieua vovte liollandis, part., Sciat. ImI Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 555,
spedm. d, e, n\ o' (1883).
SimiLir to D. novm holla/ulia, but is easily distingnishod lijr its
spotted plumage. The feathers ^le barred alternately with silky
white and diirkish grey throoghout their length, terminating in a
black tip margined posteriorly with rufous ; those of D. novm lul-
landitr are uniform greyish from the base to the extremity, which
it black. Oh comparing the two Lving birds together wo find
i). irroraiug generally of a much more slender habit ; the tarsi are
longer and thinner, and the toes longer and much more slender; the
tarsal scutes are smaller ; the irides are of a pale hazel instead
of a reddish brown as in fl. nouor Ao??nnrfup. (SclaUr.) Naked sHn
round the ears and of tho throat bine.
Immnture birdt are decidedly darker than those of D. novie
hollandi^.
Mah. Western Australia.
a. Ad. sk. (in-
complete).
ft. Jut. sk.
Mra. MscCttllum [P.],
(Type of speciep.)
ciBVAttnoM.
Family II. CASUARIID*.
Bill long, compressed, with the culiucn currcd to the tip, which
orerl&pa that of tba uuder mandible ; the nostrils placed in the
middle of the bill, and in a broad membranous grooTe, with the
opening anteriorly and auboval. The hoad and base of culmon
ornamented with an elevated helmet ; the head and neck denuded
of foathen, the naked skin brightly coloured ; the neck wattled.
The wings rudimentary, with five strong ruutidcd sbiifta without
webs. Tail not apparent. Tarsi long, robust, and covered with
large hexagonal scutes, except near the toes, where tbo scutes are
transTeTse. Toes long, the lateral ones shorter than tbc middle one,
the out«r the longest, and the inner armed with a very long powerful
claw, nearly straight and acuminata ■ the other claws moderate,
curved, and obtuse.
1. CASUABIUS. _,
Type.
Cuuarius, Brtit. Om. v. p. 10 (1760) ; LatA. Ind. Oni.
ii. p. 604 (1790) C. galeatus.
Rhea, Lac^. {nee Lath.) M&m. de flmt. iii. p. 619
(1800-1) (=Ca6uai-iii8).
Hippalectiyo, Ghgrr, Sand- u. SUf^. pp. xjusiii, 4."i2
fl842) C. paleatus.
Sangt. Papuan Subregion, with Northern Australia.
rC^.SALVAi>Oiti,T., MonogTsfiadel genere CVuunnW, Briiis. (Mem. R.Ac.
Sc. Tor. (2) sjxiv. pp. 173-217, tt. i., ii. 1882).]
1. CASCARiue. 5S\
b. Cnsqiie nith the hind Burisce flat, rather
broad and inclined forward.
r'. A single pcfir~shBped wattle on the middle
of the fore neck, which with the lower
part of the neck is veltow.
rf". Wattle larirer ; head and upper part uf [p. 607,
the neck blue unitip/iem/irulatue,
a". Wattle emidler; head and upper part
of the neck blue, but on the ocdput a
brofid yellow patch 'frijritalu, p. Clt8.
if. No wattles whatever on the fore neck.
/". Head and neck THriMl with different
<■'". Throat blue ; lower part of the
hind neck orooge-red papuamu, p. 6I>0.
ff". Throat red ; nape blue pielicoUU, p. 000,
g". Head and neck tmarly imiform blue , . bennetli, p. GUI.
1. Caanariiu tTicanmcalatna.
Caeuariua tricarunculatua, Befc. Ann. Mim. Cii<. Gen. vii. p. 717
(WarboBi) {1876); Sclat. IbU, 1876, p. 245: id. P.Z.S. \Sii,
p.214i Miyn-, /./. O. 1878, p.20l! Satrad. Am. Mu>. Civ. Otn.
lii, p. 419 (nw p. 4ii0) (1878) ; Sclat. Ibi*, 1879, p, 96j Sahad.
Ibit, 1879, p. 105 (part.) ; «. Mem. S. Ac. Se. Tor. (2) ihit, p. 184
(1881); id. Ann. Mm. tVB.Gni.iviii.p.413,n, 1 (188-i); id. On.
Fap. e Mol. iii. p, 473 (1882).
The type of thia species wns a live young bird, bought by
Dr. Bcccari st Slouni, near Warbusi, on the west coast of Oeelviok
Bay. The bird is apparently loat, and described aa being eimilar to
C. gidealiu, but provided with three caruocteB — two larger higher
up, and one anmller, median, lower down on the middle of the nock.
Hah. Weat coast of fJeelvink Bay, near Warbusi.
3. Casuarins bicaruncnlatns.
CaauariuB bicBninculalus. Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 211, 248, 349, f. b
(iuv. ei patria imol*); id. Ibit, 181(0, p. 310; id. Aim. Sf Mag.
N.S. (3) vi, p, 114{note),p. 145(18B0); id. Ibit,'imi, p. 312;
id. Trmu. Z. S. iv. p. 358, f. 6, p, 364 (note), pL luiii. n862) ;
Criip, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 137 (gftll-Uadder) ; ScAlfj/. Jaarb. aid.
OatooUeh. Kal. Art. Staff. 1862, p. IBS; id. Dierent., regeU,v.330
(1864); Fiiuck, JVeu-fium. p. 180 {!8(lfi); Sclat. P.Z.S. 1868.
p. 168; F. Sckleg. Zoot. Oart. 1866, p, 178; Schlfy. N. T. D. iii.
pp. SOO, 347 (1866) ; id. in Rotfnb. Rds naar Zuidoottereil. p, 52
(note) (1807) : Sclnt. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 140 ; G. B. Or. Iland-litt,
iii. p. 2, np. 9849 (1871) ; Oieb. Thtt. On,, i, p. 595 (1872) ; Seht.
P. Z. S. 1872, pp. 150. 495, pi. xxvi. ; Garrad, P. Z. S. 1873, p, 470
(both carotida), p. 644 (muaclea) ; Scht. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 519 ;
Sehlfff. Mm. P.-B., Struthiones, p. 10 (1873) ; »wwi6. J. f. O.
1873, p. 820; id. Bei»t. naar Gctttinkb. p. 117 (1875); Sclat.
P. Z. 8. 1875, p. 87 ; id. Guide la the Card, of the Z. 8. L. p. 67
(1877) : Haritng, Oilricha S( Ottr. Farm. p. 1 10 (1877) ; Salvad.
Ann. Mil. Civ. Gen. itii. p. 316 (ad. m Brem. Miu.) (1S7><) ;
Meytr, J.f. O. 1878, p. 203; id. Ibit, 1879, p. 96 ; Roienb. Mai.
Arehip. p. 373 (1878-79) ; Seial. LUt Vert. An. Z. S. L. 7th ed.
682 oianARnnx.
p. 472 (1870); Gauid, B. Ntv> Ouin. v. pi. 73 (pt. xii.,1881);
Sabad. Mem. JR. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xxxiv. p. 186, t. i. f. 1 (he»d>
(1881) ; if. Ann. Mut. Civ. Gen. xvili. p. 414, n. 2 (1882) ; id.
Om. Pap. t Mol. iii. p. 475 (1882) ; Sclat. Lia Vert. An. Stb ed.
p. 649 (1883) ; Schal. J.f. O. 1894, p. 19.
PCaauariua i^loatus, Wall, (nee FKiB.) Ann. 4- Mag. If. K. xk.
p. 477 (1857).
PCViuriua emeu, G. R. Gr. {nee Lath.) P. Z. S. 185B, p. 187
(Btemum), p. 196 (part.) ; id. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 60, 61 (pMt.)
(18G9) ; Finteh, Nfu-Ouin. p. 180 (part.) (18(Vi).
f Cnsuarius kaupi, G. R. Gr. {nee Rotenberg, neqiie Sclaler), P. Z. S.
1861, p. 438 ; Jtoeenb. If. T. N. I. iiv. p. 253 (nee p. 261) (1883) ;
id. J.f. 0. 1864, p. 135 {nee p. l&i).
CRsuariufl aruensia, Sehleg. N. T. D. iii. p. 347 (186(1).
Caauarius galeatua, Roteiib. {neo VieiU.) Eeii naar Zuidoo^tereil.
p. m (1867).
P Caauarius up., Meyer, Zeitechr. d. get. Om. \. p. 206 (eg)f from Aru
Isl.) (1884) ; Sdvud. Mem. R. Ac. Se. Tor. {■>) slii. p. 213 (1891).
AdulL Feathers of the hody blackiah ; casque compTessed on the
eideB, not very high, with the baae narrow ; head greenish blue ;
neck blue ; lower part of the nape vermilion ; carunclea far apart
on the sides of the neck, long, and purple-red.
Toung. Feathers of the body hrownish ; naked skin of the bead
and neck bluish grey ; caronclcit brick-red.
Hab. Wammer and Kobroor, N. Ani Islands.
a. Imm. st Zoological Society.
6. Imm. sL Zoological Socie^. (Type
of species.)
e. Skeleton.
d. Imperfect skeleton
e. Bones of apac. 6.
' '" Aru Islands.
1.
59»
p. 64 (l&W) ; Thienem. Forlpfiata. ga. rdgtt, p, a, 1 1. f, 1 (1845] ;
Oidlie. P. Z. S. l»18, p. 37 (.bliod-corpu»cle«) ; lip. Conutt. Stnd.
lUu. p. 841, a. 6 (1856) ; O. R. Qr. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 962 ; Fitueh,
Ntu^uin. p. 180 {ntut.) (I860) : O. R. Gr. Hand-litt, iii. p. ii,
a. B848 (!9Tl)i SchUy. Mm. P.-B., Strotiione*, p. 9 (1873);
GuftV. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 4ad.
Ouuariiu galeatua, Jionn. E/ic. MM. i. p. 4, pi. 4. f. 3 (1700);
FiaU. N. D. V. p, 345, pi. B 1 1. f. 1 (1816) ; Merrem, Ab\. BerL
Ah. 1819, p. 179; SiwA Oen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 433, pi. 39 (1818) J
Bom. EUm. di Zool. iii. pt. 1, p. 97 (18:31) ; i'teOl. QnL dot Oil.
ii. p. 77, pi. 225 (1825) ; Menem in Srtch u. eraber'i JEniycL
xv.n.US (1826); AUum,J.f. 0. 1854, p. sivi; Cfoutd, P.Z.8.
1857, p. 26S)i Benn. I. c. p. 720; Humify. J. f. O. 1859, p. 355;
Iklat. IbiK, 1859, p. 115 ; id. P. Z. S. 1800, pp. 2i0. 250 ; Blytk,
Jhui, 18«0, p. 307 i Sdat. t. c.j. 310 ; id. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (3)
?i. p. 145(1800); Des Mum, 7'r.irOo/oyw,p.362 (1800); Jtotenb.
J.J. O. \m\, p. 45 ; Blutk, Ibi>, 1862, p. 7B ; Cri»p, P. Z. S. 1862,
p. 137; SetaL /"ruw. ZTS. iv. p. 358, f. o, and p.SttO (ante), pl.7l
(1862) ; ScUeg. Jaarb. zool. OenotKh. Nat. Art. Mag. 1862, p. 1U6 ;
Seiat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 234 ; SiAleff. OiereiU., VogeU, p. 238 (1864) ;
fiWo(. P. Z. S. 1806, p. 188 ; F. SchUg. Zool. Gart. I860, p. 177 ;
Buhl. P. Z. a. 1867, p. 170 ; Miiiler, t. c. p. 252 ; Krefft, t. c. p. 483 ;
Selat. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 376, 1860, p. 628 ; H'aW, Mtday Are/ap.
ii. p. 156 (1869) ; Fiomtr, P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 32, 33, 34, 36 ; Sdat.
P.Z.S. 1872, pp. 160, 495; Gieii. Thee. Om. i. p. 595 (1872);
Garrod, P.Z.k 1873, p. 644; Roemb. J. f. O. 1873, p. 390;
HatMa. J.f. 0. 1874, p. 10; Salat. P.Z.H. 1875, pp. SO, 37;
Harting, Ottriehes Sr Ottr. Farm. p. 103, with pi. (1877) ; Sdat.
P. Z,e. 1878, pp. BO, 214; Meyer. J.f. O. 1878, p. 202; Nathue.
J.f. 0. 1879, p. 340; id. Ibie, 1879, p. 96; ft&. (. c. p. 376;
Sounb. Malay. Archip. p. 323 (1879); ScUtt. lAiit Vert. An.
S472 (1879); id. P. Z. A 1880, p, 315; id. Voy. CAalieng.,
irdt, p. 61 (1881) ; Snhad. Mtm. R. Ac. Se. Tor. (2) xxxi?.
p. 188, t*v. i. t. 2 (1881) ; id. Am. Mug. Cie. Gen. iviii, p. 414,
n. 3 ( 1882) ; PeU. Ibie, 18H2, p. 60H : Salcad. Om. Pap. e Mot. Hi.
p. 479 (1882): &-lat. Liet Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 648 (1888);
Yhebaull, Bull. Sac. Phiiom. (8) iii, pp. 198-210 |18fil) ; £va7u,
Am, 1891, p. 84; SAarpe, Cat. Qtleol. Spet. R. C. S. iii. p. 430
(1891); Sail-ad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 213 (1891);
&:Aal.Zeitichr.f.Oologie,lSd-2,\>. II; Oft, ibid. op. 16, &i ; fichal.
J.f. O. 18UI, p. 18.
CMuariiu caguonue, /%. Prodr. Mam. et Av. p. 247 (1811).
Hippslectryo indicuti, Oluyi^, Uaad- «. HiUfb. p. 452 (1842).
CasuariuB orientolis, 6'. Miili. Verb. Land- en Vulkenk. p. 109 (piirt.,
Cerftmimlv) (1830-44); Hartl.J.f. O. 1664, p, 257.
J»v«Dt>se (1) bawowar)-. Gvlliv. P. Z S. 1846, p. 26.
Hippalectrjo casuarius, Sundrn. Meih. nat. Av. di»p. Tent. p. 152
(1872); Heine u. Rchnw. Nomemi. Mtu. Hein. Orii. p. 305
(Ceram) (1800).
a«ii«iuiJBruuensiii(I), GuUiv.P.Z.S. 1875, pp. 478, 4a«.
CMuariua beeciirii, JW=. {nee Sclat.) lbi», 187!), iip, 370, 377; id.
iMi, 188], p. 401 (e^K).
Adult. Of mediuiD siie. Fi'athers of the body black; caaqiM
compreased on the sidee, ratbtir high, witb the upper edge ratbor
thiok, the posterior edge almost perpendicular, much ehort^r tfaSD
TOL, XSTH. 2 4
6fl4 CtBl'AKlID^.
the snterior one ; he&d pale greeniiih blu? ; neck parple-blue, red on
the hind part; naked surface on eacb side of the oeck parple-red,
edged vith blue anteriorly ; caruiickit close togclhcr, flet>h-colour.
Total lenp;tb about 60 inches, bill from gape 4'UI, tarsus 10*1^2,
nail of inner toe 314.
Younff, Feathers of the body brown ; bead and neck covered
with abort feathers ; canque very low ; caruncles very short ; skin
of head and nock blue, of bind neck ochreous yellow.
Hah. Ccrani.
Purchased.
Purchased.
Zool. Soc.
1 Jdth do Jeude Cull.
Purchased.
Purchased.
ZooL Soc.
a. Ad. at.
b. Intnl. 8t,
c. Juv. St.
e. Skeletiin.
/. Inipurfcct skBleton.
g. Sternum ors|ii-c. e.
4. CuoariDS anstraliB.
Casuarius HUBtralin, Wall, llhufr, St/ifn. Herald. 18^, 3rd June;
Oottid, F. Z. 8. 1857, pp. 200, 270; O. H. Or. I'. Z. & ISW,
p, HW ; id. Cat. H. Xrw Ouin. p. 61 (1859) ; SdaL P. Z. S. liWO,
p.S!10; irf. JJm, IBCO, p. 310 ; S. TV. Zoo/. Soc. iv. p.SWO (1862);
SehUg. Jaarb. anoi. GeruttacA. Ifal. Art. Mag. \m>, p. 200; Gnuld,
Mandb. B. Awtr. ii. p. 200 (1805) ; F. Scklrg. Zool Gart. leW,
p. ISO ; Scial. P. Z. S. 18«fl, pp. 1S8, 667, & 1807, p. 342 ; Bran.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 473 ; Srlat 1'. Z. S. 1868, p. 376 ; id. Ibit, 1j*68,
p. S48; Sani». P.Z.S. 1808, pp. 381, 8H8; Gould. B. Auttr.,
Stippt. pis. 70, 71 (pt. i., 1&A>) ; Krefft, Ibit, 1M», p. 348; Ibi»,
18/0, pp. 119, 12(1; O. B. Gr. Iland-lia, iii. p, 2, a. S861
(18'l)i rimcer,P.Z.S. 1871, p. 32 and full, (skeleton); Selat.
P.'/..H. 1871, p. -M? (a specimen in ™i)fioftait'i)t); Gieli. Tht/.
595
Smilar to C. galeatiUt but larger. Feathers of the body blsck ;
casque brovrn-black, coupressed on tlie sides, very high, witb the
apper margin tliin, the poaterior margin Hometimea scarcely shorter
than the unt^rior one ; oakeii skju of head pale greenish blue ; fore
neck deep blae, lower hind tieek reil ; caruncles close together, very
large, red,
Vottruf. Feathers of the body brown ; on the forehead only a
frontal horny shield ; naked skin on the sides of the nock blue ;
caruncles small (Ramniij).
Mali. N.E, Australia, from Cape York to Rocldngham Bay,
a. ^ P ad. St.
. $?ad. Bt.
RockiDRham Bay, N.E.
Aiistralid.
Queenaland.
P. L. Sdater, Esq. [P.].
Maquis or Nonnaoby
^.- Juv. el p,.U.
QaeanBland.
Sslvin^odman Cell.
5. CasQariuB Balvadorii.
Casuarius altijugus, Sclat. Na/ure, ivii, p. 375 (Wandnmrnen)
(187e)»i Salrad. Ann. Mm. Cii\ Gen. lii. pp. 420,421, 422 (1878) j
Edd. Ibis, 1678, p. 481 ; Sahad. Ibi>. 1679, p. Ift).
Casuariua Balvadoiii, Ou*i. Atmt. Se. de France, Bull. no.fi.'W, p, 360
(23rd Febr., 1878) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 213, 314, fig. p. 213 ;
Jtfwfr, J. f. 0. 1878, pp. 202, 203 ; Salvnd. Aim. Mm. Civ. Om.
lii. pp.420, 421. 422 {1878) 1 £*f. iWi, 1878, p. 481, l(t79,p. 96;
Salvad. IhU, 1870. p. 105 ; Pelz. IbtM, 18T9, p. 377 ; Salvad. Mem.
Jt.Ac.Sc. ror.{2)xxwT.p.204(note>t»v.i.f.5(1881); id. Om.
Pap. e Mol. iti. p. 488 tnote) (1^2).
Caaaarius tricarunculatus, part., Sali>ad. Ann, Mut. Civ. Om. kI.
p. 420 (1678) ; Edd. Ibii, 1876, p. 481.
A species not verj- well known. The tj-pe in the Paris Museum
is not fully adult ; the plumage is partly brown ; the casque is low,
and shows no characteristic form ; the caruncles are quite separated
from the origin, and are somewhat distant one from the other,
perhaps by the distension of the skin. Dr. Oustalet, however, in
the origirol description, says : — "' La caroncle de la gorge est torte-
ment biflde, comme dans Ic C. btcearti," which is not quite enact.
The type of Catiuiritu altijugat appears to be fully adult ; has
the cas(jue very high, with both the anterior and po.iterior edi;oa
Tcry thick : the wattles are two, on each side of the median line,
closely approximating at their base, but divided dovi n nearly to
their origin, and about 3 inches in length. Whole length about
fi feet, tarsus 12'5 inches, middle toe H'5, bill from gape 7'5.
Nothing i* known about the colours of the naked skin of Iha
bead and neck.
This species comes nearest to C. gaUatu* and C. awttralit.
9 wai williclruwn by the aullior in farour of Ehe ni
BtA. Western coast of Geelvink Bay, near the soathem ex-
tremity.
a. Ad. Bt. Wandaintni-n, Oeclvink Bay, L. Laglaize [C.J (Type
May l67i>. uf Casvarau altijuj/ut, Sclat.)
6. Caauarios beccarii.
FCaBuarius, ep., S. Mull. Verk. Land- en Volkenk. p. ^3 (UtasaU,
IMneeas Marianne Strait) (1830-44).
? CaauariuB orientalis, S. JUull. op. cit. p. lOi) (part., ex Nova Guinea)
(1839-44).
Casuariua becearii, Sdat. F. Z. S. \>g7a, p. 8", ft. ], a in p. PO (Vo-
kan, Aru 1.), p. mi, pi. Iviii. (S, New fiiiiuea), nud p. 5:J3 ; {<!.
Nature, lii. p. 51«(1875); Salcad.AHu.Mun. Cir.Ofn. vii, p.7J7
(note) (1875) ; &/n/. i'.Z.S. lertj.ii. 414|Uve spi^cim.): Uarling,
Oifricheg ^ 0»tr. Fann. p. 107 (18/7) : Forbet, P. X. fl. 1877, pp.
307,310 (cloaca and burwi Fubricii); iAnr/w.Jiw, 1877. p. 3:>oi
Sclat. ^ Salr. Ibu, ie77,p. 372 (note) : Oiat. Aiaoe. !^. rfe Froiire,
Bull. no. i>3», p. 330 (1878); Meyer, J.f. 0. 1W8, pp. l>Oi>. 300;
Salcad.AnH.JSiiii. Cic.Geii. xii. pp. 421, 423 (1878); Ifclof.l'.X.S.
1878, p 214; Sdat^Salclbi', 1878, p.481, 187!l. p. Wi; D'Alb.
* Salead. Ann. j»/k». Civ. Gen. siv. pp. 130- Ur>, ff. pp 137, l:W.
140, 141, 143, 143 (1879); £d. I6u, 187!>, p. 4&J; Sclnt. Lint
VeH. Art. p. 472 (1870); If Alb. Kaaea Guin. pp. 41»4, 6lJH
<1880); ShoTM, Jhu, 1881, p. ■'■00; Salvad. Mem. It. Ae. Sc. Tor.
(2) sixiv. p. 107, tav. i. £ 5 (1881); id. Awn. M«». Civ. Gen. xriii.
p. 414, n. 4 (1882) ; id. Om. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 484 (1882) ; Scial.
Lilt Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 540 (1883) ; ScRal. J.f. O. I«M, p. 21.
Casuariua bicarunculatiu, Bece. {nee Sclat.) Ann. Mtu. Cic. Geu. Tii.
p 717 (IS'S)-
Caauarius australiB, D'Alb. [nee Wull] Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 143;
id. Aan. Mut. Cic. Om. x. p. 19 (1877) ; id. Ibi». 1P77, p. 373,
" ' a Bclaterii, Sa/ifd. Ann. Aluf. Cii '' " '" "
1. CAaClBIUI.
S97
Young. Featbera reddish brown; caaqne scarcely prominoat;
caruncle email, with the two lobes divided nearly to the bitso.
{Mil*. Oenaa.)
l/ab. Vokan, Aru Islands, and S. New Guinea along the Fly
fiiver.
Tmm. St. Aru laknds*. ' Challenger' Eiped.
mn. St. S.E. New (iuinea. (Died Zool. Soc.
and Fnbr.. 1879,)
id. sk. Port Moresby, 8.E. New A. Ooldie [C.].
Ouinaa.
nm, ek. Fly River.
imm. »k. Coast orS.E. Npw GuintiB
opposite Comwallis lol.
(DiedDtb Dec, 187(1.)
Ilfi Skeleton of
ipecimen/.
Purehiuied,
Zool. Soc. (Type of
Ciauarim telateri,
Sftlvad.)
7. Casoaiiusimiappeiidicalatus.
Casuarius, n, sp.. Blyth, Ibi», IW.IO, p. 193 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860,
p. 210; id. Ann. ^ Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) vi. p. 1J5 (1860).
Cfuiiarioa umappeDdiculatus, Bli/th, J. A. S. B. xxix. p. 11^ (juv.)
(11*60); id. Ann. ^ Mag. Nat. Hilt. (3) vi. p. 113(1860); Sdat.
ibid, (note) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1860, p. 307: Selat. t. e. p. 310 ; BemtrH,
I. c. p. 403, pL 14 (iuT.) ; iSctat. Aid. et p. 420, 1861, p. 312 ; BlytA,
J. A. S. B. III. p. 195 (1861) ; ll/is, 1863, p, 78 ; Sclaf. Tram.
Zool. Soc. iv. p. 369, pi. 74 (jur.) (186i); Sehleg. Jaarb. tool.
Genetmrh. Nat Art. Mag. 1862, p. 198, pi. ; id. Dierent., VogeU,
p. 23», f. p. 240, et tabula; Setat. P. Z. B. 1863,0. 2-2'i; Fiiach, JVeu-
Guin. p. 180(1865}; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1866, pp. 34, 168; P. Sckbq.
Zaol. Oarl. l&'M, p. na ; ScAleg. Ned. Tifdickr. Ditrk. \ii. ff.2S0,
347 (1806); id. in Soienb. JieU naar ZuidoMUreS, p. 52 {note)
(18117); 'VWrf, Sappl. B. Amtr. pis. 74, 75 (1869) ; Newt. Ibit,
1870, vp. IIH, IW-.SeMfg. Ned. Tijdechr. Z)irrA. jv. p. 53 (1871) ;
G. R. Gr. Handnlia, iii. p. 2, n. fl8.)2 (1871) ; Giob. The*. Om. i.
p. 595 (1H72) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1873. pp. U7, 149, 150; Sehleg.
Mu». P.-B., Struthionas, p. 10 (1873) ; Soterib. Joum. f. Om.
1873, p. 390; Meuer,Sit.iA. k.Ak. lVi»K««eh. at (Twn, Ixii. p. 218
(1874) ; Sclat. /4m, 1874, p. 417 ; id. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 247, 495;
id. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 85, pi. ai. ff. 1. 2 (juv.). pp. 87, 533 ; Bounb.
r Gedmnkh. pp. 17, 69, 117 (1875) ; Becc. Am. Mug.
rii. p. 717 (1875) ^ Salrad. ibi/l. p. 719 (1675) ; Sclat.
Rei»l. \
Civ. Getl
^M, 1876, p. 244; id.P.Z. S. 1876, pp. 244,' 414 (specdm. alive);
Fnrbei, P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 307, 313, 314, 316 (bursa Fabricii) ; Sttai.
P. Z. 8. 1877, p. 419 (specim. alive in Amsterdam) ; Harting,
OaCrichfi ^ Oefr. Farm. p. 113 (1877); Oh«(. P. Z. S. 1878,
pp. 389, 390 ; Salmd. Ann. Mai. Cie. Gen. xii. p. 346 (Sarone),
p. 424 (1878) ; If,i», 1878, p. 482; Mei/er, Joiini. /. Om. 1878,
p. 203 ; Boienb. Matay. Areiiiji. p. 306 (eum %. capitis), pp. 481,
683 (1878-79) ; Ibis. 1879, p. 06; Oiidot. Perm. d. Aiilr. u. 237
(1880) i Salead. Mum. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xixiv. p. 206, t»v. ii.
w birds u hsving been procured hIitb at TmiaW.
S98 CIBDAKIID.E.
f. e (1881) i id. Ann. Mu». dv. Gm. xriii. p, 414, n. 6 (1883) ;
id. Ont. Pap. e Mot. iii. p. 41)0 (1882) ; Sclat. LitI Vert. An. 8th
ed. p. 649 (1883) ; Bfdd. P. Z. S. 1886, pp. 145, 146 (wi-wcs) ;
Meyer, Abh. Mtu. Dretd. no. 3, taf. 2 (e^) (1893) ; Sckal. J./. O.
1894,p.23(egp).
CasuonuH kaupi, Rotenh. Aaluurk. Tiididir. ArderL Ina. ixiu. p. 43,
tab. (1861) ; iii. Jmm. f. Om. IBGl, p. 44, taf. i.; Sclat. Ibit,
1861, p. 312; id. Tram. Xool. Soc. iv. p. 360 (note) (1802)
Sch/tff. Jaarb. sool. flenuUeh. Xal. Art. Mag. 1862, p. 199
Soaenb. Natmirk. Tijdtehr. Ktd. Ind. xxv. p. L'hl, n. 240 il8»!3)
id. Jmm.f. Om. 1864, p. 136, n. 246 ; Finick, Sru-Guinea, p. Isl
(1865) ; Sdal. P. Z. S. 18C6, p, 168 ; F. Schleg. Zool. Gart. I860,
p^ieO; Rotenb. Efi» Haar Zuidoostfrfil, p. W (1807): Xetcton,
Ibit, 1870, p. 120: Srhlei/. Mut. P.-B., Stnithiones, p. 12 (1873);
Potmb. Joum. f. Om. 1873, p. 370; itf. Malay. Areiip. p. 663
(1878).
CasiiariiiB, ap,, Salrad. Ann. Mm. Ciii. Gen. x. p. 167, pp. ISO
(Sorong, juv.) (1877),
Adult. Peatbers of the body black; casque dark olive, of tbe
shapo of a triangular pyramid, with the posterior surface nearly
oval ; bead, throat, and hind neck bluo ; lower part of the Deck,
with the eingle, pear-shaped caruncle, yellow ; naked skin on the
lower part of the sides of the neck flesh-colour, surrounded with
yellow. Total length about 65 incheH,biU&onigapca-32, tarsus 11,
nail of inner toe 3-30.
Young. Pale fulvous, with longitudinal brown hands on the
upper parts and on the thighs.
Ilab. Salwatti and the opposite coast of N.W. New Guinea.
I. Caat of the bead of the
type of Catuariut kaupt.
Salwatti.
Darmstadt Mus.
599
Very similar to C. tiniapjiendieulatug, but differa in liavi»g a
riuiigular yellow patch on the occiput, the posterior surface of the
caaquo narrower, the single earuncle smaller. The casque is pale
I Qlive ; bill snd feet dark olive. Total leugtb 65 inches, bill from
17, tarsus II, nail of inner toc2-75. (Type, Mm. Oeiioa.)
A very old bird in the Paris Uaseum differs from the type in
laving the casque much higher, with the posterior part baaally
narrow, and broadened into a flat surface towards the tip ; the
■'Ulterior edge is decidedly more convex.
I have examined, in the Paris Museum, the type of C hujlaizii,
irbicb, ID my opinion, is a small specimen of the present species.
Hnh. J obi.
L. Laglaiie I C-'
LLbkIi' •■"'
I.. Lagh
I
'. Caan&riuB papaanuB.
PCMuariiwemen, part., Z-;«i. Voy. COqA.-ot.^, p. 717 (New Guinea)
<1828) ; id. Man. iCOm. ii. p. 20H (paH.) (1828) ; id. Tr. ^Om,
p. 7 (pnrt.) (1831) ; Sclat. Journ. Lmn. Soe. il p. 168, so. 183
(1866); O. It. Or. P. Z. 8. 1868, p. I91J (part.) : td. Cat. B. h'mo
Ovin. pp. 50, 61 (part.) (1859) , id. P. Z. A: ItlOl, p. 43(i ; FtTUck,
Seu-Guin. p. 180 (pan.) (1865).
? Oosuorius orientalia, A'. Mall. Verk. Land- e
[\ma-AA).
Casuarius bennettii, Schkg. (nr
D. 5.1 (New Guinea) (1871),
Caauarius papUBDUS, Roienb. i
examined): iil. Mm. P.-B
SotfTib. J. /. 0. 1873,
1. 100 (part.)
; Gould) Nri!. Tijdx-hr. Uierk. iv.
lUt.; SchUg. t. e. p. 64 (1871) (tvpe
Btruthiones, p. U (Andai) (1873) ;
90, S91 ; Afeycr, 8Uxb. k. Ak. Win.
Ixixr pp. 21B, ilY (1874) ; Selal. Ri». 1874, p. 417 ; id.
P. Z. S. 187o, pp. 86, 87 ; Kotenb. Rant, naar Ot^vinkh. pp. a4,
117, 144, pi. xvii. (1875); Bter. Ann. Mu$. Civ. Gm. vii. p, 717
(187fi); Salrad. ibid. p. 796 (Andai) (1875); Srlut. Ibit, 1876,
p. 258; BartoHf, Ottnche* ^ 0*tr. Farm. p. 118 (1877) ; OiuC.
5>.ZS. 1878, p.389; Mfyer.J.f.O. 1878, pp. 200, 201, 203, 39(»;
Ibit, 1879, p. 48^>, 1870, p. 06; Jfa-nit. Malay. Archip.
P. Z S. 1 878, p. 389 ; Meyer. J. f. O. 1 878, pp. 2
Ibit, 1878, p. 48^», 1870, p. 06; Jfawsit. Malay. Archip. pp. fm,
605(1870); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. &. Tar. (2) xxxiv, p. 210, tav. ii.
r.8 (head) (1881); id. Am. Mu*. do. Otn. :
(1882) ; id. Orn. Pap. e Mot. iii. p. 495 (1882) ; Se^. J. /. O.
1894, p. 20 (egg).
Cftsoaniui Vaupi, Sdat. {nee Jlomtb.) P. Z. 8. 1871, p. 627 (Mnn-i-
nam), 1872, up. 147, 140, 150, pi. ix. (Mansinam), 187U, p. 474;
Miyer, 8itz. k. Ak. Wiu. Wien, l*ii. pp. 216, 217 (1874) ; StM.
CasuariuH westetmanni, Selal. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 248 (type axorained I ;
id. Ibit, 1874, p. 417 (note) ; id. P. Z. S. 1875, pp 86, 87, 880.
pi, xix. i id. A'ature, xi. p. 516 (1876) ; id. Ibit, 1876, pp. 24li,
268 ; Ilarting, Otiriches * 0.(r. Farm. p. UB (1877) ; Sliarpt, Ihif,
1877, p. 326 1 Oouid, Ii. of New Gum. i
M-jer, J.f. O. 1 — — — — -
p. 380; J}M,lS78,p.482,lB70,p.9G; Sclttl. Liil I>rf.^.7died.
p. 4TS (1870) ; id. op. ei"(. 8th ed. p. 540 (1883).
Ca«uariu», up., Mei/er, iSitxh. k. Ak. Wit. Wirn, liii. p. 216 (1874).
Caauarius edwardliii, Outl. P.X. S. 1878, p. :W», pi. ixi. (Dorei)i
Salvad. Ann. Mur. dr. Gen. xii. p. -li") ( 1878) : JlchmB. J. /. O.
1878, p. 2IXi ; .lfpy#r, J. f. 0. 1878, pp. L'Uil,30:> ; Sclat. 4- Sa/r. /6i«,
I87fl,p. 483, 18"», p.W.
Adult. Feathers of the bodj- blaek : the casque is blackish, and
has the i<hape ot a. trinngular pyrumlil, with the poaterior surfacu
flat and inclined furwarils ; no caruncles whatever ; head, throat,
and fore neck blui'; occiput and auricular region greenish (frey ;
hind neck orange, chan;^ng into flesh-colour on the naked area of
the lower part of the sides of the neck ; feet greenish grey ; iria
hlackish. Total length about 55 inches, taraus 10':22, bill from
gape 4-70, nail of inner toe .^-OT.
yomi<i. Brown, with the shafts of the featliers hlnckish.
Hub. North-Wuslcrn New Guinea, from Dorei to Kmbcrbaki.
a. Ad. St.
Zool. Soc. (Reeeivt^ 20lh Sept., 1871.)
(Type of C. uxalermaniii, S;;lat.)
10. CasnariaB picticollit.
Uafinariug piclicollis. Sr/nt. Hrp. Brif. Atunr. Irt74, p. 138; id. P. Z. S.
Iffrr,, pp. al, 8.j, |.1. iviii. (Milnu IJav, S.E. Xcw (5uincin. p. 349
(voiiug, Milne Mk'.] ; id. Hep. JJi-il. A'm^.IBTH, p. 112: id.J.f. 0.
187tl, P.2.W; id.'P.Z.li. 187(1, p. 414 (sjM-cim. in iwnfiuement) ;
ill. Lint Vert. An. <ilh ed. p. 4:.','! (1877) ; Oaubl, B. .Vrir fiuui. t.
pi. 14 (pt. v., 1877); Furbf», P. Z. fi. lf*77, pp. 307, 31/i. 3ia
(eloacal ; Harling, Onlriekri ^ (Mr. Fiirm. p. I:il (1877) ; Sharpr,
/6m, 1877, p. ;152 ; Meyrr, J.f. 0. 1878, p. 203 ; Sc/at. Ibis, 1870,
J. Oti; Shir/K, ibid. p. 116 (typL') : Sc-lat. List I'n-f. A». 7tb ed.
Casque anil base of bill blank ; tip of the bill horny blank ; throat
blood-red, but the chin and the mesial part of the throat flesh-
colour, with longitudinal blue stripes on the ehiii ; ears surrounded
with a blue band nboTe and posteriorly, this baud extends forwards
under the ejee : below this baud there is an irregularlj' rbomboidal
patch of a pale purple ; hied part of the head and nape bine, deeper
on the occiput, lighter on the mesial part of the nape and on the
lover part of the hiud neck ; a red naked patch on the sides of the
nock lower down, surrounded with a blue band ; between this red
patch and the red Ibrout, on the aides of the neck, there is a trian-
gular puqtto patch, surrouuded with a blue baud. Iris hazel-
Oolonr ; feet horay grey ; plumage black. Tot^ length about
55 inches, bill from gape 4-70, tarsus 9'60, claw of inner toe 4-90,
Ilati. 8outh-east«rn New Guinea.
a. Ad. St Disooven- Bay, S.E. Zool. Soc. (Rec. 27th May,
N,dw Ouini'R.' 1874 : died 10th ^ct. 1876.)
(Trpe of speries.)
b. Ad.Bl. S.E. New Guinea.
e. PuU. flk. Milne Bav, S.E. Now H.M.8. ' Bafflli,=k.' (P. Z. S.
Guinea. lt*76, p. 34U,)
d. Skeleton (imperfect) of specimen a.
1 1 Caanar us beonetti
V XT ]{ i i 4
Alaq \ II i J tl
Ool/m I 1 J)) S,lat
lbs I6ll I] i I J B 'H p lol pi liu
(186 ) Jienu^tt }■ Z & ibU j 1 Aclat I Z A l»b'» p 3 4
(pullua) ficAlei/ Jaa b not Oen ttch hat A t Mag 1862
p 18fl <klaf i /■ i 18b.? pp "■« 61H jl il Jinan Mim
Ac Se 'tat Cherb ix p 3 3 (IHW) Sclal F / S 18W p J71
Gould Haniib B lunf p fiUl (1S65) t^laf Ibu 1866
p 338 d r / S 1866 p 168 J" ScA/fj? Zool Gart 1866
p 1 8 Jouan He /»? 1867 pp o fl Ac/n( P / S 1867
p 1 0 iKtffl pp 1 "fi 6iH 18 1 p 01,7 G R G Band-lie u
p ■> n 9850 (18 1) 'ilat PZ S 187 pp 149 150 &e6
TAe» Om i *o (18 2) ichtty Mut P B S uh nsp4
(18 3) bmn 4 Sdat P Z 5 18 3 p 519 Oar od P Z. 8
18 3 pp 4 0 644 ifcw i J/ O 18 3 p 391 .Horn* P Z 8
18 4 p 3 5 Wo( P^il8 5pp8oB So by P Z 8.
18 a p "Hi Sclat Itep B t Auoe l^S i 11 d J/ O 187fl>
p. 268 Benn if fclal P Z S l» Q v 2 Bo nJ iSirf p 123
Selat bd f 414 [I e ifwm.) id P Z 8 18~7 pp 97 US
(note) Ha tutg Oitr hei ^ Ottr tbrm p 1 3 (1877) Oiat
i' / « 18 8 p 390 Vrger J / O 1878 p 203 Ibu
CABDjtBIID.S.
1879, p. 96 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 5 (note) ; id. Liit Vfrt. An.
7th ed. p. 473 (1879); Lai/ard, Ibi$,im),f.303; I-Ouxll, P. Z. S.
1880, p. IftS ; Saliiad. Mem. R. Ac. Se. Tor. {2) srxiv. p. 214,
t»v. ii.f. 10 (head) (1881); id. Ann. M«t. Civ. G™. iviii. p. 415.
D. 9(1882); id. Ora. Pap. f Mol. iii. p. 501 (1883}; Selat. lift
Vert. An. 9th ed. p. 550 (188:1) ; Evans, Ibit, 1891, p. 84 : Sharpt,
Cat. OiUol. Spte. R. C S. iii. p, 4;i8 (1891); Out, Z-itschr. /. Ool.
CMBOwnry from the Solomi
re), HtiUon, Ibit, ]
Adult. Feathers of the body black ; casque black, shaped like a
trian^ar pyramid, with posterior Burrace flat and indinod for-
wards; naked skin Of head and neck blue, changing ioto vinous on.
the lower part of the sides of the neck. Total length about 5:J'T5
iDchea, bill from gape A-'A2, tarsus 8'43, nail of inner toe 2'87-
3-54.
Tiwng. Beddish brown, varied with black ; naked shin of the
neck purple-blue.
Toang in down. Rufous, with longitudinal black stripes.
Hab. New Britain.
a. Ad. st New Britain.
Purchased
6. Juv. St New Britain.
e,d.e. Pull. St.
Zool. Soe.
/. Skeleton. New Britain.
ZooLSoc.
g. Skeleton (imperfect) of specimen b.
Order IV. APTERYGES.
Hnllux proecDt ; four loea with long nuiU.
Bill long, someivhat arched, thu uoHtrils near the tip.
Maxillo-palatiaeii as iu Casiiani, but vomer fuxed with palatines
and pterygoids.
Procoracoid prooesB rudimentary. No clavicles. Tibia with long
bony bridge over uiMtnaor tendona.
Wings extremely aborttd.
No distinct quilla or tail-feathers.
Aftersbaft absent.
Cieca large.
New Zealand.
The Apteryges, or Kiwis, are the smallott of the Batitte, their
size exceeding Bomctimes that a! a large fowl. The bill is loDg and
ilender, with thu base covered by a hard cere, broad and rather
depressed ; the tulmen rounded, very tittle curved to near the tip,
vhicb projects over that of the lower mandible, and is rather
obtuse, the sides gradually eompregsed, and grooved towards the
end i the gonya very long and slightly curved ; the nostrils jilaced
on each side at the tip, very small and sublinear ; the base of the
bill Eumished with lengthened hairs. Wings rudiraenlary and
covered with EcutherB. Tail not apparent. Tarsi the lougth of the
middle toe, very robust and covered with variously sized scutes,
those in front of the lower part the largest and transverse. Toes
three before, with the lateral ones equal, and all covered above
with broad acut«8 ; the hind toe very short ; daws long, strong, and
rather scute.
Only one family.
Family A PTERYGIUM.
I. APTEEYX.
Apteryx. Shair, Nat. .V«c, xxiv. pi. ia57 (18la) ....
Ajitemy-T, Sw. Clan. B. a. p. aiS (1837) (=Apterji).
Hange. Confined to New Zealand.
Kfy to the Speciu.
I. General
gtriptd with dark" brown
laU^ral edges.
1 plumage brown, the feathors of the upper
fulvous along the central apical part, and
r blackish on the
604 APTEBieiD£.
a'. Size Bmaller, under 30 inches ; bill wliite horn-
ciilour.
n". Total length about 33 inches ; plumatce
paler, more gmj'ish, feathers Boft to the
touch '. aHttralu, p. 60t.
fi". Total leDfrth about 21 iocheB; plumape
darker, more fulvous brown, the feathers
of the upper parta black at the tip, and
especially those of the hind neck and bnck,
harah to the touch niantrlli, p. 60".
b'. Size larger, total length of male 30'o, of
female 33 inches ; upper mandible brown
hom-colour laicryi, p. 606.
6. General plumage gtejish brown, barred acrosa
with light bands.
c'. Smaller, total lenglh not more than ^5 inches ;
paler and with narrower bars ; tarsi pale
brown ; claws whitish hom-colour.
e", SinaUer, total k'Djrth about 1!) inches;
dark barrinfr lighter oireni, p. 609.
(f'. Larger, total length about 23 inches;
dark harrinffs heavier (Sofhu-hild) occidentali*, p. 610.
d'. Larger, total lenjith 2u-l'7 inches; darker
and with bnmder light bars ; tami dark
brown ; claws dark hom-colour haasti, p. U] 1.
1. Apteryx aostralis.
8 (1813) ;
7<>n. Ziiai.
xiii. l,p. 71 (1820); Jiav:. £l^i. lii Hoof. in. I), p. 295 (ld2B| ;
I^w. Man.d'Oni. ii. p. 211 (182ij)i M. r<y. Cbi(., Xool. i. v. 418
(1638) {Bay ol Islands) ; Cue. mr/». An. 2nd ed. i. p. 49B (note)
(1829); Zeti. Tr. etOm. p. 12 (1831): Tarr. P. Z. S. 1833,
: 34. 80 : id. Tram. Zttol. Soc. i. up. 71-76. ' .--.—.
1. APiEnrx. 60.'!
1803, p. 611 (sacral verUbne); Bt^or, New Ztal. Erh. -p. 37G
(Otago) (1800) 1 Surleu. P. 7.. S. 18U7, p. Hi (under view of the
BkullJi Maatt,J.f. 0.1868, p. lM3) I'm*. Traru. 2f. Z. Init. it.
1869,p, «e(BgK)(18T0)i Oh>«i, P.ZS. 1870, p. 384i id. Trans.
Z. 8. vii. IdfO, pp. 381-386, pb. 45, 46 (auntomical dstoils)
(1871) ; KnwA, J.f. O. \«IQ, p. 337; G. R. Gr. Hand4id, iii.
p. 3, n. 9853 (1871) ; Hatbm. Cat. B. New Zeal. p. 23 (1871)i
PUU, Ibu, 187-'. p. 86 <vw.); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 861 ; OM.
Thei. Om. i, p. 391 (ler2) ; FuucA, J.f. O. 1872, p. 263j id.
7ya>u.N. Z. Irut. v. 1872, p. 211 (187a); &A%. Miu. P.-B.,
StrutbiiHiea, p. 7 (1873) ; JJuff. Hint. B. New Zeal. p. 36S (1873) ;
ffik«(,/6i». 1874. pp. 174, 215 ; fl&ncA, J./. 0. 1874, p. 220 (part.) i
Sowl. Om. Mii-e. i. p^ 18, 19, pi. iv. (jiir.) (1876) ; t>. Hilgtl,
Ibii, 1875, p. 394; Harting, Ottrichei j- Ottr. Fai^. p. 178
(1877) ; Forteg, P. Z. S. 1881, pp. 781, 782 ftrwhoa) ; Sull. Man.
N. Zeal. fi. p. 45. pL irii, (1882); Sdal. Lilt Vert. An. 8tli ed.
p. 547, n. 1431 (1883) ; Bedd. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 188, 189 (heart) i
X. Latikater, t. e. pp. 230, 240 (heart) ; Oven, C. c. pp. 328, 329
(heart), pp. 477-182; Jteitchek, Tr. N. Zeal. 2nd. xvii. 1884,
pp. 191, 192 (breeding-habits) (1885) ; Parker, Ibin, 1888, p. 127,
f. 4 (manus), p. 217 ; BuU. Ui»t. B. New Zeal. Snd i,d. ii. p. 322
(HyQ. emend.) (1B88); Saiith, Tr. N. Zeal. Imt. sxi. I»^i4, ,,. 22.'i
(1889) ; Trietr. Cat. CoU. B. p. I (1889) ; Jleine * Rc/mu: Xom.
JUta. Hein. On. p. 305 (1890) ; £obim, /6m, 1891, p. 83 (iDcubji-
tion) ; lydeOc. Cat. Fan. B. p. 216 (1881) ; -SAarpe. Cat. Oitrol.
StxKim. S. C. S. iii. p. 416 (1891) ; BuU. Trans. X. Z. But. khv.
1892, p. 85 (18U3) ; A. Nea)t. Did. of B. pp. 495, 49f(, 497
(part 2, 18113) ; BotAicA. Bull. Br. Om. CM, no. x. pp. Jx-lxu
(1893) ; id. Ibis, 1803. pp. 574-576.
Emu, Chase's Joum. nfa Besid. in Nrtc Zeal, p, 318 (1822).
Apterous Peuguia, Lath. Qen. Mist. x. p. S&i (1824).
DnimiceiuB DOTte-ielwidiie, LesM. Man. ifOm. ii. p. 210 (1828).
Emou Eiwikivi, Less, ibid,
AptomjTiftU8a«li3,&D. (Sum. B. ii. p. 346 (1837).
Apteryx fuaca, Polts, Trans. JV. Zeal. Init. v. p. 196 (1873) •; id.
Zoologist, [a. i.) 1874, pp.4014, 401.5 ; FinKh,J./.0. 1874, p.224i
A. Newt. Did. o/B. p. 496 (note) (part 2. 189.1).
Kiwi,.,!. JV«e(. J3ifl(. o/£, p. 493{piut2, 1893).
Adidl inale. Head, aech, and fore part u( breast greyish brown ;
feathers of the npper parts only siigbtly tinged near the tips with
rofouB, and streaked with blackish brown on the cidgex ; lower part
of breast, abdomen, and inner aide of thighs pale greyish brown;
long Btraggliup hairs which beset the fore part of the head block :
irides black ; bill clear white hom-colour ; tarsi and toes dark
brown ; daws the same. Total length about 3;) inches ; bill along
the ridge 3' 75, along edge of lower mandible 4*1 ; tarsus 2*25.
Female. Similar to Iho male bnt larger. Total length 27 inches ;
bill along the ridge 5-5, along the edge of lower mandible 5-8 ;
tuaiis 3.
Toung. " Has the head and hind neck dark groy, and the rest of
the plnmage greyish brown, lighter on the underparts, each feather
B Bynonym of A. auitralis ; TauDdMi, I
606 AFTER YOID£.
with a narrow etreak of folvoua along the ahaft ; on the feathen of
the upper parte this streak is darker towards the tip, and the
terminal Slameate are black, whereas on the underparta of the
body both the tips and filaments are light brown or fiilvouB ; the
bill, which measnrea two inches in length, is lif;ht hom-coloor ;
the legs and feet are light hrown, the metatarsi being cohered
anteriorly with thin scales, scarcely dofioable t« the eye. In this
young condition the quill-tubes are very minute, and the plumage
of the body ia extremely soft to the touch." {Balhr.)
I may add that in one young specimen examined by me the
forehead and throat are of a paler grey than the rest of the head.
{AfM. RothtehOd.)
According to Buller, as a rule, the South-Island birds are
larger than those from the North Island (A. manltUi), but occa-
sionally examples of the latter are fully equal in size to the largest
specimens of A. atutralii, lu this epocies, generally speaking, the
long facial hairs or foelera are far less abundant than in Iho North-
Island ^Jpf^ry.r. Besides it appears that the feathers of A. ausiralii
are soft and yielding when stroked towards the head.
JIab. South Island.
a,b. ^ ad. Bt.&
.. Ad. rt.
d. Jm. .1
h. Ad. ak.
Dusky Bay, S
Bw;
Zealand.
Gapt. Stokes [P.],
New Zealand.
New Zealand.
New Zealand.
New Zealand.
Col. Bolton rp.l
Purchased.
Colonial Museum
[P.].
Albert Hunt, Esq.
[P.]. ^
Capt. Stotes [P.].
Zool.Soo.
, pL65. ff. 2, 3, sternum 1
.-. Skeleton.
k. Sternum & pelv:
N^w Zealand.
is.
(Ti
r.Z.
s. ii.
I. iPTEBTX. 007
The rudimeDtory wiags are furnished at the extremity with a Idb;;,
Blighlly curved, grejiah-black o!aw ; that on the right wing is 0-75
inch, that on the left is ^ sborter and Ioeb curved.
" Female. Extreme length, following ourvHture of the back 33
inches ; bill along the ridge 7'75, along the edge of lower mandible
7-75 : wing 20 ; larBua 3a ; middle toe and daw 3-75; hallux 1,
The claw or spur on the rudimentary wing 0-50 in length, more curved
than that of the male bird, sharply pointed, and of a dark grey
colour. The bill is greyish brown, shading into black on the
cutmen, especiaJty in its apicaJ portion, the lip being whitish horn-
colour. Tarsi and toes dark bluish grey, claws paler." (Bullrr.)
Hah. Stewart Island.
I have seen two specimens of this bird, male and female, sent to
ma for ejtamination by the Hon, W. Kothschild ; they are very
large, and the female has the bill about an inch longer than any
A. auslralii I hare seen : besides, the bill in both specimens is
darker, bom-brown, especially on the upper part ; the claws of
the male are brown, but those of the female (of course in dry
akin) are pale born-cotour, as in A. avitralu. Aa the differences,
although very slight, appear to be constant, we may keep A. lawriii
distinct.
3. Apteryz mantelli.
Kiwi, D'Un'illi: Voy. AavJ. ii. p. 137 (|S30) (Bay of Tolajra, or
H<ma-hcna. £. const of N. Itilnnd), ii, pp. 480, A»l (1831>}.
Apteryx nustralis, Quay et Gaim. {nee Shaw), V'oy. Attrol, Zool.
I. pp. 158. 668 (1830) (Day of Tolsga) ; Oould, B. Auttr. \i. pi. 3
(pt. ii., ]Ml)i ITombr. ef Jacg. Voy. FSlt Sud, Aflat, pb. S4. 25
(1846); Jaca. ^ Pueh. Joy. i«fc Sud. Ou. iii. p. 127 (1863);
Haiti. J. f. O. 1864, p. lf(6; Gmld, Handb. S. Atutr. a. p. 668
tpart.) (1665) ; SuU. Tr. X. Ztal. Inst. iii. 1870, p. 62, pi. lii 6.
(head) (1871); fkM. P. Z. S. p. 479; Fintch, J. f. 6. 1874,
tpart.) (1665); BuU. Tr. X. Ztal. Inst. iii. 1870, i
Tiend) (1871); fkM. P. Z. S. p. 479; Fintch, .
p. 220 (iwrt); BVwrcA, llu», \B»i, p. 309 (King's &oue
ftJond).
Apteryx nianlelli, BnHL P. Z. S. 1850, p, 276, pi. xxx. ff. 3, 4
(head), pi. iiii. t. 2 (foot) (North IwlHud); yrirm. Fror. Tagtber.
DO. 604 (Zool. iii. I pp. 210. 212 (habits) (1862) ; H'oUetj, Zooiogut,
p.3401)(habiU)(18e2); J\'eu.4a)i, iiiVf. p. 3605 (18G2); Bn. Ctmud.
Bend, iliii. p. 841, n. 22 ([86(i); £». Ihit, 1869, p. 116; ^f.
P. Z. S. im), p. 5.10 (egg). 1860, n. 104 (egg) ; Sdat. * HocM.
Bep. BriC. Aaioc. Ada. &. 1861, p. 177: iid.Xat.Siet. Ben. 1861,
P.S06: O.B. Or.lbu, 1862. p. 233; Layard, Ibii, 1863, p. 242;
Sdat. P. Z. S. 186,% p. 2.34 (N. Island), 1864, p. 374 (Aueblnnd !
living SDMimen); Ootild, JIandb. B. Aaitr. ii. p, MO (IWJfl);
F%n»eh, J.f. 0. 1867, pp. 329-331 ; Simtl. P. Z. 8. 1867, p. 894 ;
Ed. Ibis. 1888, pp. 261, 604 (incubulion) ; PUU, Tr. A\ Z. Inst. ii.
1869, p. 67 (ecfr) (1870) ; BHllim, IbU, 1870, p. ,198 (Auckland) ;
FhuKh, J.f. 0. 1870, pp. S37-330 (^auBtmliaO : fl"«^'-, Tr.
N. Z. Imt. ii. 1870. p. 52 ( = «uBtrali») (1871); ffirtar, t. e.
p. 73 (1871); O. R. Or. Iland-Uit. iii. p. 8, n, m>i (1871);
Mutton. Cat. B. A'. Zfal. p. a3 (1871); Heclur, Tr. N. Z. Intt.
iv. 1871, p. 363 (1872) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 496 (=austi»U»P),
1872, p. 861; Gieb. Tha. Orn. iii. p. 391 (ISr^) ; PolU, Ibis,
1872, p. 36; id. Tr. N. Z. Iiut. v. Ig7d, p. 194 (187:1); FiatcA,
t. c. p. 212 (1873); Oarrod, P. Z. S. IS?;!, p. 470 (left carotid
only), p. 644 (muscles) ; Sfhleg. Mtu. P.-Ii., Slmthinnea, p. 7
(1873) ; BuU. B. N. Z>-al. pp. 3o7-3(J4, pi. 3a (187.1) ; Jluit. Ibir,
1874, p. 43 (N. Island) ; Bidl. t. c. p. 122; Hotel. P. Z. .S. 1874,
■'"' ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 441, with tiff, (plantar t«ii<l.in«),
p. 308 (bursa Fabricii) ; Harting, Ottrkht* * 0*tr. Farm. p. 178
(1877) i Nathtt». J. /, O. 1879, p. 255 (efs) ; Forl-tf, P. Z. A:
1881, pp. 780, 781, figs. 3, 4 (tmchea) ; Bull. Afan. X. Zeal. B.
p. 44, pi. TOO-. (1882); Sclat. L>$t Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 647,
n. 1433(1883); Trittr. Cat Call. B. p. 1 (le8i>); Lyd<^kk. Oit.
Ibu. B. p. 217 (ISftlJ; llarteri, Cat. VogfUamml. icnt-i. Mu*.
p. 248 (1891); Shiif. J./. 0. 18iW, p. 230; A. Xeirt. Diet, of H.
p. 495 (pt. 3, 1803) i R«lhich. BulL Br. Oni. C/uh, no. k. pii. Ix,
Ui, Ixii (.Nurth Island) ; id. Ibii. 1893, pp. 573, 574. 57«.
Apterrz Rustralifl, var. mantellii, i^wHcA, J.f. 0.187:;, pp. 203-2t>8;
1874, pp. 172,220,221.
ryx bulleri, fharpe, Proc. WeSlngt. Phil. &o. 1 888, p. 6 : id. Tr.
X Imt. zxi. 1888, p. 224 (1889) (North Isktid) ; Bullcr, B.
New Zeal. 2nd wi. ii. p. 308, pi. .\lvii. (1888) ; itl. Tr. X. Z. Ih»I.
NtwZe
XiT. 1892, p. 8.!) (1803J ; H. Wright, Ibii, 1893. p. 28.1 ; Bot/uc-h.
BulL Br. dm. Club, no. i. p. U (=iiiantelli) (1«>3).
Apteiyx mautellixA. occidentalis, Bothtch. Bull. Br. Orn. Cliib,
no. xvii. p. zxxTi (1894) ; id. Ibis, 1894, p. 429.
AduU male. Similar to the male of A. aattralU, but smaller and
the feathers of the upper parts more rul'ous brown ami decidedly
/ Ad. »U.
g. Iltmd.
North Inland.
Taupo Lake.
Hoo. W. Rothichild
[P.].
H. O. Forbes, Esq. [C.].
Dr. Hector [P.].
4. Apteryz owenL
Aptflrjioweni, GouW, P. Z, S. 1847, p. 94 (New Zealand) j W. .^n.
^ Mug. N. H. XX. pp. 282, 383 (1847) ; id. B. Aiutr. vi. pi. 3
(pi. sxiiv., 184fi) ; iV;. Tram. 7,. S. iii. pp. 379, 880, pi. 57 (1849) ;
MmUll, P. Z. S. J8.W, p. 211 ; flefei. &fn. Av., GallinacBte,
Ifoeilia,t. afi7. II*. i;ii92-93(l86i) {txOmM); Bp. Cmpt. Bend.
xliii.p. 841, r. 23 ll8.-rfi|; JJO/tA, Ibi,, 1801,p. 216; Sdat. \ Hochtt.
Hep. Brit. Aatoc. Ar/o. ^. ly4Jl, p. 170 i i<rf. A'at. Hut. Bev. 18(J1,
p. 505 ( O. B. Or. IhU, 1803, p. 233 ; Sclat. Tmm. X. S. iv, p. 362
(1882) i Leaih. P. l. S. 1864, p. 1 (juv.) ; ScAkg. Uierent. a. 241
(1804) ; Hector, A'. Z. Bj-h. 1806, p. 276 (Otiigo) ; FimcA, J.f. O.
1867, pp. 329, 346 ; &W. P. Z. & 1868, p. 319 (in condnemenl) ;
JToiut, ^./. 0.1868,p.243j Sclat. P. Z. 8. 1869, p. 468 (in conflji»-
ment) ; Potlt, Tr. N. Z. Jiul. ii. (1669) p. 67 (erg) (1870) ; Ifidt.
Cat. U. NtK Xtai. p. 23 (1871); O. B. Gr. Band-lut, iu. p. 3,
n. 9«56(1871);ife«8, i6w, 1872,p. rt5; GM. Thr,. Om. i. p. 391
(1872); />n»e(S, J./. CI. 1872, p. 38fi:«/,/w..l/i,«. /■.-/;., Siriithi,ioL.a,
p. 8 |187:l|; Bull. B. j\>ip /.,:,/. n, ...,-, ,., ;■) , i -.-;.. ',.„-r„.i.
J'.Z.^. 1^7:t, p.470 (lel'l cur..',. . /■..'/--,
Tr. .\. Z.IiikC. y. \67i.p.li'r-n-. .■■ . .' ■ i-. -'l.-i;
J-Ift«-A, J./ U. l.-(74, pp.174, l.'L'll; /,'. , , ■',„ 1/ |, L'".|,l.ji.
(■iiftieBd.),pl.v. (vourijr) (1875); e. Jlhi/e', B>U, ]is7.j,p. ;!1'1 : Bidl.
Tr. -V. Z. Ina. yiii. 1875, p. 193 (1878) ; Barling, Ostrirhen *
(htr. Faria. p. 178, pi. — (1877) ; Forbet. P. Z. S. 1881, pp. 781,
7s--' (lm,lic») : Bull. Man. N. Z,-ul. H. j, 40, n. .W, pi. isi. « (1882J ;
s<-:,! /■')-,.' .1,, -ri,,,i (, -r,i, ii:;-;;;v-'v, ,i/,.,,„-,,^/,6,7,i.
ll.i .■. ; ; I- ■. ■■■ It. y^irZeol.
(Zool. o'ar>i ..;■'; ' ■■-■// . /.■./,„«■.
Jfom. Mti-. ; .■ ' ■ ■ . ■ ■ 1 / . '■■•/!■.
p. 218 (l.-HI. ■■ ■- . '. ' ' 111!
(18l)l|; 7/",' ■.'. A".i' I...,.; .„r. \:.!. 1/,. J. L'l-..'-^U(;
BulUr, Tr. S. /.. Iml. x\iv, IMti, p. !tu 0'"-^fi>"'i' n I"'"")
(189:3). jtiv. 1892, p. 80 (1893) ; A. Sewlun, Diit. «/ B. p. 49-5
(pi. 2, 1893) i BothKhild, Bull. Br. Orn. Club, no. i. pp. ix, Ixi,
Ixii ( 1893) ; id. Ibis, 1893, pp. 673, 674, 676, 676.
Aptfryi uiantelli, iiiv., Schlnj. Strauu. I'ii/. 18.J4 [cf. Bp. Cumpt.
iienrf, iliii. p. 841).
Apterjj owenui, Sclul. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 479, 1873, p, m\ (ZooL
Gard.).
P Apteryi niuliia, PutU, Trant. ^ Pr. N. Zeal. Intl. v. p. Iflft.
(Mattma Dh;, WmI Coast, tvp« in Uuoedin Museiiuij (lfi7Sj«;
■ Sir Walter BuUer, in tlin aeeond edition of his ' Hjslorj of Ihe Uirda of
S. Zealand,' includes A. moUu luuong the s^DDjini of A. ownt.
VOL, XXTll. 2 B
010 iPTEBioni.x.
id. Zool. (■. ■-) 1874, p. 4014 ; Fintdi, J. f. O. 1874, p. 224 ;
A. NtKA. Bid. of B. p. 49(t (note) (pt. 1, 1883).
ApW-nrx fuficus, RokL (neePoUt) Om. Miic. ii. p. 8 (1876) (=oweni,
mclBnUtic),
Adull male. Greyish, banded with whitish, the bands lesa promi-
nent or nearly obsolete on the head, throat, and neck ; irides black:
bill dark horn-colour ; legs and feet pale brown, the claws [whitish]
bom-colonr (^u'fer). Total lenp:th about 12'5 inches; bill along
the rid(^ 'A-fiB, bJong the edge of lower mandible 3'4 ; tarsus 1 '7-^-
FmtaU. As a nile, somewhat palor than the male. Total leng:th
20 inches ; bill along the ridge y-o, along the edge of lower man-
dible 4 ; tarsus '2-b.
Yoninj. "Plumage verj- soft, dull grejish brown, obscurely
mottlcil ; vertex, sidea of the head, and throat greyish white ; the
light tills of Iho feiithers vcrj- conspicuous, having the appcurance of
amaU pencilled lines on a darker ground, the produced hoir-like
lilnniciits Iwiug entirely black : bill whitish hom-colour " (Bulhr).
The light marks on the upjier parts are V-shsped and are placed
on the apical portion of the feathers. {Uolhtrhitd iliiieum.)
" Vert/ jfoun;/ stuff. A chick of this species, in tlie Kowley Col-
lection at Brighton, is of a uniform yollowbh' brown colour, with
the tips of the featliers lighter " (BulUr).
IJtib. Kast coast of South Island.
Dr. Mantcll [C.l.
Capt. SU'koji [1*'\
Colonial Muslim of
Wfllingfon ;i\\
Colonial Mumiiiiii of
Wellington [1'.].
Sah-in-Godman Coll
a. Ad. St.
New Zi.nland.
A,r.Ad.etjuv.8k.
New Zealaud.
d-li. cf S td. et
New Zealand.
juv. sk.
1, k* ct ad. el
New Zealand.
ad. (V) sk.
/. SIc'lelon.
HI. Skelflon.
1. APrBRTX,
BiiiAll bill, and in the heary block bars on the feathers " {Jioth-
scfiiid).
Ilah. " West coast of the South and North Wands " {RoUaeldld).
1 have not examined the type of this species, which is stiU alive ;
but three speeimeni from the Buller district, west coast of the
South Island, identified by Mr. Rothaobild with A. oecidenlalia, and
scut to me for examination, show the samo characters which arc
given in the description.
6, AptfiTTZ haasti.
F " Firemfin," Gtmld, B. Attlr, vi., in lelterpresH to Apitryx auitralii
(pt, ii,, 1841) i Straiwf, P. Z. S. 1847, ii. 51 (Middle Wund).
P Aptfirvi maiima; IW. MS. •, Bp. Compt. Rend, iliii. p. 841,
D. so; p. 1026 (descr. nulla) (18S0) ; SeUit. ^ Hochtt. Nat. SM.
Sev. IS(]1, p. SQ6iiid. Bep. Brit. Aiaoe. Ado. Se. 1861, p. 177
(Middle Island) ; O. R. Gr. Jbit, 16ti2, p. 233 (excl. svn.) ; htaek,
J. /. O. 186T, p. 330, 1870, p. 340 ; SmU. Cat. S. New Zeal
p. 23 (1871); a. R. Gr. Hand-litl, iii. p. 8, n. D856 (1871);
Oteb. The*. Om. i. p. 391 (eid. syn.) (Ia73)j Hector, P. Z. 8.
1874, p. 498 ; Soiel. Om. Mite. i. p. 23 (1875) ; A. Newt. Diet.
of B. p. 490, note (pt. 2, 1893).
FAptervx mdor, Etirnan, Zoulogitt, 1861, p. 7468; id. Ibti, 1861,
p. 410.
Apteryx aUBtralU, Haiut {nee Shaw), Topogr. S( Geal. Erpl. p. 139
(1801) (W. District of Nelson Prov.); id. Ibii, 1862, p. 1(H
(Nelson Prov.).
Aptoryx haasti, PolU, Tr. N. Z. Ifut. iv. 1871, p. 204 (1872) ; id.
Ibit, 1873, p. 3S (Okarito country, W. Const of Middle Isl.) ;
Fituch, J. f. 0. 1872, p. 271 j PotU, Tr. N. Z. Inxt. t. 1872,
p. 195 (1873) ; Finach, t. c. p. 212 (1873) ; BtiU. Ilitt. B. New
Zeal. p. 371 (1873); Fimi:h, J.f. 0. 1874, pp. 174, 220; I^tU,
Zooio^t, 1874, i)p. 4014, 4158; Uotcl. P. Z. 8. 1874, pp. 497,
498 : id. Om. Muc. \. pp. 3-17, ri. i. (ad. female) (1876) ; SeM.
i*. /.«. 1876,p. 1 (Zool. Ganl,); Uarling, Odrichei S( Oitr. Fnrm.
p. 178 (1877) ; Forbet, P. £. 8. 1881, pp. 781, 782 (trwhea) ; JkA.
Man. B. New Zeal, p, 40, D. 67, pi. xxu. (1882) ; Selat. Liit Fart.
An. 8tb ed. p. 548, n. 1434 (1883) ; Smith, Tr. N. Z. Inst. zii.
1888, p. 221 (18S9) ; LyiUkk. Cat. Fa**. B. p. 217 11891) ; Batt.
Tr. ff.Z. In*t. XIV. pp. 63, 87 (albino) (1893); Kbt}/^, t.e.
p. 138 (young) (latfcl): A. Aw/. Diet, of B. p. 496 (pt. 2, 1893) ;
Behnw. J. f. O. 1803, p. 118 ; RotAxA. Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (8)
xi. pp. 43, 44(1893); Forbe*. (. c.pp. 159-101 (1893); Bothtch.
t. c. pp. U99, 300 (1893)1 •<'' -Q<^ ^'■- f^*^- t^''*- <iO' <- PP- !'■
Ixii (Centml South Islnnd and West of North Island) (1893) ;
id. lint, 189.1, pp. 673, 674, J575i id. SuU. B. Om. CVh6, no. x»ii.
p. xxxvi (1804) \ id. m,, 18U4, p. 429.
? Aplsryi maximus, Rothfch. Bm. Br. Orv. Club, no. x. pp. xU,
zUi (1883) (Suuth bland !) ; id. Ibi*, 1893, pp. 674, 675, 576.
■ It apptare to me that the nama A. marima wu iniented For Uie "Pirt-
tmn,' but, aooordin^ to Bonaparte, it ia biupd on a deacription EiTsn by lutiTW,
■nd on tho intpeotion of an pgg which J. yerreaui imured Prince Bonaparte
wu preMTVnl in the Uum^uui of Flilladelphu (!).
612 AITERTttlDJ.
Similar to A. ouwnt and A. oeeidmlalit, but much larger, of a
darker broTn colour and with the light bands broader : " irideR
black ; bill white bom-colour ; legs and feet da.rlc brown, cbanging
to brownish black on the posterior aspect of the metatarsi and on the
eolee ; claws dark horu-colonr. Total length about 25 inches ;
bill along tho ridge 4'75, along tbe edge of lower mandible 5-4 ;
tarsuH 2-75." (BuUer.)
The female, as in the other species, is larger than the male.
Total length 27 inchee, culroen 5-4.
Chid: Similar to that of A. owfni, but tho brown portion of the
Ceatbers a shado darker. (Mut. Boiheehild.)
Hah. Central South Island and West of North laUnd.
a. Ad. sk.
b. S ad. eh.
e. <S ad. it.
New Zealand.
South Island.
South Island.
Baron F. von Miille
Purchased.
Purchased.
[P.].
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
■cuU (BchIub). 2T2.
wuta (DsSIb), 193, 270,
272,274.
acatu a. ampricans (Dn-
flla). 273.
Krata a. cucullats ( Dafila),
341.
•eaU (Querquediila),
271.
aeuM (Tracbdonotta),
(Phaai
u«),
Adelonptla. 390.
■dapersa (Orjixum), 52fl.
wkpuraiis (Crjpturus),
6Ifi, S28, S31.
adapcniu (Tinamus),
■duDos (Abhi), IRl.
agrptiaca (AJopoohrn),
legjptiua. (Ann), 167,
182, 34fi.
■gyptiaoi(BernicU), IBK
gcnptiocn (ChrnSilopoi).
167. 180.
egjptiacH (Tndoniii), S,1,
163, 16!), 180.
Kgjptiaciu f Amer), Iff!,
Miptiaou* (OheDaiopsi),
ifo. 167, 168.
■IU»-riifa(Anaii), 53.
BquntonatiB (Erisma-
luntj, 441,442,450.
«rti.. (.tn..). 73.
Matiia (Querquodula),
203.
Mthiopa (MprgaoBpr),
473.
Ethiopa (Mcrgus), 473.
Aethjia. 3M,
Mx. 46, 72.
Bffini>(Anaa), 861.
alBoU (Ajtbya). 362.
afflnU (Dendrocfgna), 63.
affimi (Fuligula). 354.
360, 362. 371.
afltni* (Kulii), 361.
aflinia(Miirila),361.
aiBniri(JJvr(Jca), 362.
adlniB liiariloidra {Aj-
thia), XA.
African Teal, 34.1.
afneana (Anus), »ta.
iifncana (Casarok}, 168.
africaiia (Dundrocfgiui].
151.
africsna (Eriimatum).
afHrana (Nfrocn), 33A,
3*5, 347. 349. 3«i8.
afnaina(SBrcid iofnia ).6fi .
africana (SarkiiUomis),
albirroDS (Aneer), 89, 93,
m. 95, 101.
albifrous (Branta). 92.
albirronBgambeli(AnaBr),
■lbifroiispallip«{AnBer),
94.
nlbif ran 9 roBeipeB( Aiiser),
04.
oJbifronj. Tar. erTthroput
(An»er),98.
albirronn, Tnr. gambcU
(AnKr). Ofi.
olbtgubire (Nettion), S3D,
257.
.■W2.
(FuliguU),
afrioanua (Sflrcidiorni*),
57.
afrioanua (Sarkidiomu),
.W.
Aia.72.
Aithya, 334.
AithTJa, 334.
Ail. 73.
alundim (Ansa). 271.
albalui!(An»ir), a-i.
nlbatiu (Cben), iV-.
nibellua (Uer^nnr), 465.
albeilua (UergellnS), 465.
albel]lla(M«rgiiluii),4fHl.
albellue (Hergus), 4G4,
4ei-
albeola (Anas), 385. altumi {Cygniu). 31.
albeola (Buwphala), 387. Am(>rinin Ebea, 580.
ftlbeola (Charitonrtla), American Soiup,33T.
387. Ani.TimnTi»l,2a0.
albeola (ClanKnls). 376, Amoriciin %Vigeon, !33.
385. 3^. auiaricana (Aethjia), HI.
lericana (Ana,), 88,
193 233, 350.
(Aythyia).
albipeniiis (>'ettapus), T2.
albipennis (Neltopaa).
W, 72.
albogularii (Uareca). 257.
albuliu (Mcrgiu). 465.
aldrovaiidi (Merganser),
473.
nleiBudrins (Anaa), 483.
Alopoehen, 106.
alten!>trini (Sonulnia),
434.
altij iigUB (CaauariQi),
8lb«)!»(FnligiiM, 386.
nibmb <01iu(Hon), 38T.
albeola (FUtjpui), 3S6.
■Ibeacena (Rbosl, fiSI.
.141
uDBiieaiia (BoKhu),
236.
SSO.
mmarioana (Clauguls),
360.381.
uwriOBna (FuliguU),
340,341.362,371,381,
■VMiomna (Knots), 334,
840.
unericaii& ((Edemia),
400.404,411.
MtMricana (Oidemw).
404.
■meriaan&IQueTquedula),
261,299.
HtwricMi (RhoB). 376,
381, S82, 584.
■mcrieana fuica (Qurr-
quedula), 299.
ALPHABETICAL mOEl.
Anatra lalTatica real c, 192.
andii ni anenjis ( A ii(ii').:l5T .
■ndBmimenBit (Keliionj,
257. ,
andamiuieiuii (Querque-
duU). 2r.T.
»o6 e«ola (Eutlroniin), ."MiS,
andenoni <,FbtrnJix>-
andiniu (Lipucentnu),
21.
Biidiaui (Phieuiooparra),
21.
andiDUa iPtueaiaopai-
rue). 21.
andinua (Pbunio(>pt«-
ru.),21,22.
andium (Noltiun), 240,
•XS.
BTiilium (Querqucdula).
2t>3.
anguntiru^is (AiiM),
321.
(Cbaule-
!«), 322.
_ [Chaule-
Uaniu), 224, 236.
aiiMria|ti«. (Pygnui),
31.32.
•mericanul (Merganaer),
471, 477.
(Mergui).
477.
anguBtiroalrii (Manuaro-
netU), 321.
angiulitoitni (Manno-
netta\»22.
ansuatiroatrii (Querque-
auU), 263. 321.
Aahimii. 2. 3.
131.
antirola (AiiMr), 129.
antiix.111 (Beniiclnl. 129.
aptiquoriim < PbiBiiico-
plm.). i:l, VJ.
Aiiliqiiua (Pbimicopte-
rua), 14.
Aptornji, 603.
Apterous Pf DRiiia, &Xi.
Apterygidc. GU3.
ApWryi, 603.
aii.bica(AnM).488.
arborea (Anoa). ItU.
Brbtirea (Dendroc;cna),
145, UW, Ilia
arborea (DeiidrocTgna).
lf!2.
arborea (DondroevgnuH),
1(13.
arbcirea (Dendronessa),
162.
archlboachna (Anu), 192.
areticft (Apos), 3(i5.
irctoneUa, 327.4*22.
arcuuta (Anas). IKi, l.'iS.
arcuala ( Drndroovcna),
14.^ 153, 154, 156, 157,
105.
arouata (Dendroergna),
150, 163. 164. 165.
arcuuta (DendnineMa),
153,154.
arcuata auBtralU (Dcn-
drocj'gIm)( 154.
^^
615 ^H
ArwgoU. 2M.
■latnOii (Xyroca), 336,
banletti (Crjpturiu). ^^H
Amrcomig, 4t!, 50.
350.
517. 538. ^H
■uiuic^ui (Mwgu»). 473.
augCrBl»{Oiyur>), 451.
bartlettL (Tiaamiu), 538. ^^M
aatori (An»»), 77.
KiutraUi (Strutbio), .^iT4,
baueri (FuliKuIa), 344. ^^H
•wimilU (Aniu}, 258, 260.
575.
Bean Oook, 99. ^^H
265.
AutruEhe, 573.
Bmu Canard buppideU ^H
uiimilit (Cryptunii).
Autruche d'Amirique,
Carol ine, 73. ^^^|
S18.
580.
becearii (Co-uariui). 590. ^H
»«iniili.(N<.Ihura).564.
Autruobon, 576.
693. 596, I'M). ^H
»«iu.ili.(TiiBmuB),5M.
belluni (Tadonu). 172. ^^H
iMi- (Dronueui). 686.
161.
belonii (Tadorna), 171, ^^M
588.
^H
aler (DroDuuiu), 586,
cyoiui). 145, I.iit. 160,
bcn'>ettj(0a»i<ari<u),591, ^^H
588.
autuiDDolis (D(ni4m-
599,601. ^^H
w™ (Ana.), 369, 401.
L-jgnal, 159. nil, 113,
Berggai».491. ^^M
.trat« (A™). 41.
Butumoidi. (Deadro-
Bering OwM, 432. ^^H
nesrt), 159.
beringi (Ana«). 432. ^^H
.irata {OhenopgU), 41.
autiiniuli<dimalor(Deii-
bsringii (Anser). 432. ^H
atmtui (Chenopais), 41.
Bernaebe, 117. ^H
atratus (Cjgnud), 37, 41,
ArealiuE petiio, 584.
Bernicls. 111.117. ^^M
42.
Areslnu, 580.
berDicla (Aiuw), 114, 117. ^^M
A.£«lru. pBli», 584.
119, 123. ^^H
awuree (Dondroojgna),
beraicla (Aiuer), 118, ^H
120. 123. ^^H
awauree (Mbtmb), 156.
bemieU (BranU), 111. ^^M
516, ,^12
Ajlliia, 334.
119. 120. ^H
alpicopillm (Nothoeer-
cu.j;633.
u&nc(Aiiu),261.
bernida (Brenbi), 121. ^^H
bBmioln (BraDLhua), 121. ^^H
bomi«ri (Aaaa). 253. ^^^1
■tnoilU (Anu). 361).
badu (Amu), 153.
beraieri (DaBla), 2.58. ^^M
^ 53?! .
beroieri (NattioD), 339, ^H
IW.
258. ^^M
■ ^' .
bseri (Anul, 3M,
bBmii-ri (Q<Mrqu«d<da), ^^H
biiari(Fuligal«).344,3,il.
^H
^H 287, 289. 485.
baeri iPulii), 344.
benrickii (Ojgnui), 30. ^^H
^V Buduboni (Amu). 193.
baerijNyrom), 335,344.
bewi^ki (Cjgnu*). 26. 29. ^H
H aumoU. (Anw), 177.
^H
■ >unilu> (.VeUapoi), 66.
■ turilA (Anu). ^.
284.
beoiakii (Olor), 30. ^^M
^H surila(AiiwrfllU), ne.
284.
Hus), 590, 501 , 596. ^^H
^M wiritiu (Nettapui), S9.
bicolor (Amx), 53, 149. ^H
^B suritiu (Nettopui), 64,
bahomeiuu (PkciIo-
bioolor <FuU«uU). 150. ^^M
■ (».66.
nitu). 282.
bioolor (Nctbtpui). 73. ^^M
^H Riutnlix (Adu), 351.
bidoctyliu (AutruehoD), ^^H
^H Aiutralia (Apternfl), 00&.
pl.ru.), 9. 10.
^H
^H Auilrnlia (Apterji), 601,
■ 607.611.'
uetla), 281, 282. 283,
^H
^H suatralia (Biiiun), 451.
2a4.
bidact<tuB(5t7uthio},57G. ^^H
^■^ HUtnilis (Ouiurius),
bBiUI (Adu), 240.
biiuaculala (Anal), SKI. ^H
590, ,^94. 6»6.
Baikal T«al, 240,
bimaculata (EunetU). ^^M
■lulmlia (Cereoimi), 80.
balboul (Anaa). 488.
246. ^H
bilbii] (Aiuu), 294. 488.
687.
balrtoni(Crjpluru*),51(l,
409. ^H
631.
K 441. 442. 451.
b»rDStoni(BeriikL.), 113.
^H
B auMnaii (Fuliguls), XH).
Barred -hraded Goom,
UmacuUU (Qiierqu«- ^^H
■ tuKnli* (lUanetta),
105,
dula),230.2)1.246. ^H
■ 351.
barroti (Clnngulai, .38.'*.
barro'ii (FuUkiiU), 383.
^H
■ 472. 4&t.
barrovii (Aaii), 384.
^H au.tr.li< (Hergu*), 4<S2.
barrowi (Plutjpiu), 384.
BimacuUUd Tul. 246. ^H
616 ALPHABBTJCAL IHDBX.
UlnMnlatu* (Tinamui), boureieri (Nathocemui),
536. 610.
Uunuata (Anas), 489.
biipinow (FuUniedeaJ, 3.
SiDura, 436. 452.
Black and vbit« Gouw,
44.
Black-backed Ooow. 55.
Black-billed Whistling
Duok, 162.
Black Direr. 401.
Black Duck. -203. 413.
Black-beaded Duck,
171.
Black-necktd Snn, 39.
Black Oatriob, 673, 575.
Black Swan, 41, 42.
bUdi (Tituudua), 499.
'■ ■ .i (Tinamii.). 4"°
Stniui^ 574.
Blue-eyed Duek, 422.
Blne-sray Duck, 4G5.
Blue Mei^BDMr, 493.
Bine-winged Ooom. 82.
blrthi (Phieiuoopterua),
19.
boUmna (Nothura), 558,
-"1.
lartai (Notb ocerc
), 511, 512, 5ia
booapartei (Tiiiamuj),
SllT
bonquiTa (OrTptorua},
' n(NotbuM},56e,
brush jpterui (Micropte-
ru.), 373.
bracUjpteriuifTachj'erea),
374.
bracbyrbyDchoa (Anas),
389.
brachjrhjncbitt (Oloc-
guU). U9I.
bmohjrhjiichoa {Ha-
relda). 391.
brachyrbynchos (Bbyn-
chupia}. 310.
braohjrhjnchus (An>er),
89. 96. 103.
bmcbTrhjncbiu (Cljpe-
ata). 310.
branickii (Ifotboprocta),
651,558.
branlianua (Merga)i*er),
472,485.
bnailiauuB (Hergue),
br«Tiroatria (Cmitniua),
517, 538.
breriroatria (Harilocben),
98.
bnTiroalru (Tfotbooer-
mu), 538.
breviroetria {Plectropte-
u»), 47.
(Tina
ua).
brewerj (Anils). 192.
BrowD Duck. 400.
Brown Merganier. 469.
bnicbii (AnKr), 94.
bruimea (FuUgula). 352.
brunnea (Kvroca), SS5,
351.
buccinator (Cjgnoll, 26,
33.
bucdnator (Olor), 34.
Burephala, 376.
bucepbala (Anal), 3SS.
buc^pbala (Clangula),
386.
BuiTal'g Head Duek, 3S5,
bulled (Apt^rTx). 608.
BuRlard Uooar, 132.
BjlbaneBsa, 441.
ncrulata (Qurrquedula),
ALPHABETICiL nniKS.
ei7 ^H
CmiMd 1 p«lit bw. 23(1.
■ uliK (Strutl>i»). 57&
Cuiard & tete grite. 432.
^H
B Oumptolicniui, ^27. 416.
OBnard a Uhi j»p«e,
mrbo (Oideriiia). 41 1. ^^H
3oa.
».ribn» ( Dafila). 492. ^H
Canord i tfite noire, 325.
Carina, 51. ^^M
^M on* (Anw), 182. 489.
OuiBTd aui >a(« bleum.
aralin^nN (Kettioa), ^^M
^V ouia lB«rme1>), 183.
303,
239. 2.%. ^^M
^P oum (C<>*ar»), 173. 180.
Csnard bniii, 4011.
■^ 183. 163.
C«iianJdeSU.11er.32a
■ cum (ChenDlopoi). 163.
0.nud de Midor. 389,
^H
■ miui(X«tt<ilopiii>. IS;!.
Canard Daminiquuin du
csrolinen«a (NelUon), ^^M
■ <■>)»■ (TadonuiJ, 18S. 183.
Cap de Bonne Empi-
^H
■ QuudaOoow, 112.
nuic«. 48S.
Canurd du Marunon,
duU). 2H>. 385. ^^H
145.
■ ron). lis.
^^H
caDBdfDBiH iBemwla), 37,
261.
om»j, 54. 5U. ^H
112. UB.
Canard J.nun de la
oarvophfUaoe. (A»»). ^H
LouiiianB. 23.^
^1. 156. ^H
111,112,114,115.
Canard RogolU 2-2A.
caryophTllaoea {Full- ^^M
Canard MurilloB. 300.
^a), 62. ^H
curropbTllncea (Bbodn- ^^^H
113,
Canard musqnc, 52.
Canard eau»Bge. 192,
ncH.). 51. ^H
113.
Canard offlt.ur, 227.
airjupli;UBCea(Tad(inia), ^^H
aui«Jeiul.(Cjpnu), 112.
Canard oiffleur de
Oojenne, 101.
Oonaid aOleur do U
"xS'Jr- '""■ H
Utu (Aoaer), 95.
Jamaiqiie. 1<I2,
CaMroa. 112, 177. ^^H
(Beraida). 115.
Cananl dffleur huppi,
easarca (Asu). 177. ^H
328.
caurca (Tadorna), 170, ^H
■ (Bnata). llo.
c^dJda (Ooaooroba). 42.
^H
candidui (Anser). 43,
aLnrk.t (Anaer), 02, 176. ^H
H (BernioU). 117.
nnonu (Ojgniu), 2ft
Cnaoar, 502. ^^H
canu. (Aniif). 182.
Ca>»>r d'AiuUalie. 087. ^^H
"" (Bemioln), llfi.
ttnu> {Crypturua). 498.
Oo.mu' de U Noutelle ^H
.»nu. (Tinamiu), 4!I8,
HoUande, 588. ^^H
(Br.Dt.0, 1 1«.
canu» (Trachn^lmu.),
CuttMr d«a Indai Orien- ^^H
caoadeiiBis minima
49S.
tal«L5U2. ^H
iBranW), 117,
Oannw-back Duek. 342.
Ca»»r di Jobi, 508. ^^M
u™r . Hi
Cape Wigoon. 250.
Oaaowar; frooi ihe Sol"- ^^M
non lilandh 602. ^^H
capanM (NeUidu). 239,
OMUigicft Anw). 100.
269.
caatanea (Anaa), 156. 2S3, ^H
ouugia Beraicl.), 109.
o»pen««(An».).2l3.258,
2.'>5.267. ^H
euiagica Ch.n), 110.
25U. 318. 361.
■»^» (Chl<>.ph.g»).
i!apen»ii(AjUiial, 352.
oaMtanea (Moreca). 252. ^^M
Qtnwka (Fhilncte). 109.
■i60.
o»lAn« (Virago;. 253. ^^H
capeoaUtFWiguM.ail.
^H
Ouuini i beo rouge et
op«nnB(Mareo>),359.
«p««i.(Nj««i:362.
497. SOr
plomb*,282.
Cuurd i bone. M.
Oa^sU (QuerqurfnU),
Owufdi«.lliwdeTerre-
252,
n«i.e, 395.
(Bpen>i»(Pbtrni«)pterui).
owuneu* (Crjpturua), ^^
CiiMrd4<!rtwrouge,492.
m
514,521. .^H
CiuiaRt & hce bUoche,
-§ts-^ ""■'"'-"•'■
e»iai»-n. (Tin.mu«). .''.21. ^H
146.
Cuiwl il longua gutjua,
oapeoalB (Spatula), 306.
^H
271.
318.
M>Uir (Mergui), 473.476, ^H
Caniirdilon(tiieq;iitiuode
eanipi(Tm8mu»),6a5.
477.482. ^H
<iarbo(ADaa), 406, 411.
J
ILFHIBBTICAL r.
138.
OBiuariiu (SCnitbio). 592.
oaudata (Anaa), ^^1.
CBudftU (Dft&lu), 273.
omudiicuta (Arm), 271,
279.
oaudMuta (Daflls). 271,
280.
Mud AeuWQucrq ueduU) ,
'US.
Oela.59-2.
Carconecto, 441.
CereopaiiuB, 24, 79.
Cerei^B, 79.
crrriniTenim (Orjptu-
rui),515, 520.
(Tina
chiloensii (Cluulelu-
mu.), 237.
chiloeiuis (Miireoa). 23ll.
chmeoaia (Anas). 41«0.
Chiueu Duck, 77.
Chinew (ioote, 108.
ChiDBse Teal, 76.
cbingBneiitii) (Anas), 4S9.
chiomB(.\i]aK).4:l.
cbioni* (Cosoorobii), 43,
chioDJs (Cf gnm). 43.
ohiunia (Fieudolor). 43.
Chionoehrn. 62.
Ohipeuu, 223.
ChlM<i;doclien, 140.
ChlDviihHgn, 1-^.
Chloeitaruphu!. 126.
Chloopbaga. 128.
ohlorocis (Aniu), 287,
cinereuB (MsrgaiueT),
4(15,472.
cineieiu (Uicroptenu),
374.
cinereuB (TKhjare.),
373, 374.
cineraiiB (Tetfao), 517-
cinereu* (TIdihiiuh), tiI7.
cinereua mbriroatru
(Anwr), 92.
■atnlbirroni
tAn*
r). y±
(Nothur*),
(Tinamu.).
(Crnrtu-
(Tinamutt,
cwTiuu.(Om>turu.).527.
oerrinui (TiDamua), 527.
Ohaj^B.
ohalooptera (Ansa), 2 IS.
Oturitonetta, 376.
Chsulelannua, 143,221.
ChauUodn, 221.
Chsuliodoiu, 221.
Ohuiliodui, 221.
CbuuiiB. 2, 4.
(SMTana,4.
ohftTMia (Ohauau), 4, G.
DhnTaris (Opistholophu!),
H-ia (Ann«). 204.
rcia (Bmchus), 'Zta.
rcia tO>nnoplcnM),295.
□hlorotit (Eliuiiioiielta), eircia (PterocjaDea),
387.
Choristopiu, 44.
chrynphthalmiu {Olan-
giUa),377.380.
Churi, 580.
Cigne, '6!>.
Oigne ohnntflur, 28.
Oign^niiir, 41,
Cigno arlcatico, 2(S.
(AiiKr), 60,
drcia fQu^rqutduIa),
2HI. 293. 200.
Cirrhala (Anal), WQ.
Ciane de cubeia ofgra,
39.
Clangula, 327, 376. 333;
388.
clangula (Anai), 3G3,
37B, 38(), sua.
(Bucvpbala).
AtFRiBKTICiL IXDKX.
619 ^M
•"C*™"^'-
iKua). en.
cmtalos minor (Mar- ^H
t^a»r). 461. ^H
^«!fa
pus). ISA. 73.
OrTDLura, 496. ^^M
Crjpturi, 404. ^H
$^ii Anu), 1»I,3T0.
(10.
Cr;pturus.4!«,5]4, ^H
^S^li 4jth»«). 371.
oowi™ (Anns), 178.
MOHil B;nii«U},121.
CuMorobn. 24, 42.
cuouUaU(diu»;. 241. ,^H
<eaUm* (Puligula). 35a,
cosraroha (Ad«.), 42.
cucullua (DaHla). ^1. ^H
370. 3T1.
coocoroba (Ainer), -i'Z.
cuculkius (Lop)iodftM), ^H
.Mltari»(Full»).371.
ceKorobi (Ctacofobn),
468. ^M
mUbH* (M.rila), 371.
43.
cui^ultntus (MergnnMir), ^^H
«»lUri.(SjT<K»).371.
cuMoruIn (CTgniu). 43.
fuscoroba (Olor), 43.
v,\i. ^M
wbmbiiLna (Uergo-
cui-ollalu. (Mergu.); 3S1. ^H
n«(U), 457. 461, 4(W.,
ooscorobi (Pseudo-
408. ^H
cji-nu»). 43.
eu|>rmi (Aiiu), 63. ^^M
ooscorobft (P»eudolor),
OuraorsB, 570. ^^H
517. 545.
43.
Ciir>Ml-bilIed Duck. 192. ^H
CotiiiDiie9ra,]2. 3M.
currirostra {Aim), Ifll. ^H
25, 32, 33.
OoamODeltB. 327, 3H.
currirosUs wruTiana ^^^|
(Notlioprocta), 566. ^^H
Cu»qaell^ 582.
•olrmbiB (Aiim), 3ft3.
«.ue.i (ATwa), 226.
curiirwlris (Notbo- ^H
eouBtiu (MiTgsiiur).
procli), 551. 556. ^^M
471,475.
2-JI, 226.
curriro.tri. (Sothnni), ^H
OommoQ Scoter, 401.
Cravnnl, 120.
555, 5;>l'.. ^^H
ODDunoD Tenl, li-U.
crtcm (Aum), 103. 231,
ciiryiroslria (Tinaumi). ^H
2t3, 2+i. 250, 2W.
^H
eoq<.imbi(» (Natho-
creon (Boacbuel, 24.-'i,
CutbbiTt Duck. 426. ^H
procu). 551, 5ii.
251.
cutliberti (Amis). 426. ^H
oomuta (AnM). 171.
creoca (DaBla). 246.
430. ^H
OOTKUta (Anhima), 3.
crewo (SeltiuD). 239,
Culbbert'a Elder. 426. ^H
oomuia (PabrneJea), 3,
243, 245.
fi.
creco. (Qufrqueduls).
Cjanoohen. 128, I3U. ^H
Eornuta (Tadomii), 171,
230,244.
173.
crecis americBna (Bos-
^H
Coraniandel Teul, tiS.
clu»), 251.
cjnnoptora (Bern ids ), ^^M
cretos rubmj) (Querque-
^H
68.
duk). 245.
cjanuptrra (Braiita), 139. ^^M
rrcc«>ideB(.\nfli). 2«1.
ujanoplcra (Plcro- ^^H
68.
t^ani-a). 63, 31)4. ^H
246, 261. 262-
cjonoplern (Q.ierqiM- ^H
tlln). 6R.
CniBt«d Dui^k. 216.
du!a).63,29l,3U3. ^H
OrimTOn-biUed Duck.
CjBiinpteriK. 200. ^H
nitlB,, (18.
286.
cyanoptenu (Anner), 1311 ^^H
ooromandeliuu (,Cheiui-
crirtata (Ana.-), 188, 216.
cyanopterua (BrpiiLhtu). ^^H
lopei), 08.
363.
^H
cristata (Aytbjs), 3Ki.
Cyannpterus (Cjanociien), ^^^|
ore"). 68.
cHitala (Clinuiia). 4. 6.
cpiBlata(DaHU), 216.
criBtala (Fuligula), 74.
cranorhrn<.h-.(Anna),4fiO. ^H
cvanDrbt-ncba (Eriamtt- ^^H
69.
aTa,348,3li4.»W,371.
tura),-450. ^H
nU«u>, 68.
.■mlat(i(Kiilii),344,36j.
(Tiitiurbvriclia (Quarqiw ^^^M
iTinlala ((Edeniin), :j6,=i.
diila). 2<;5. ^^M
pu»). 6(1. 68. 72.
crwlala(P«Uimed,«|, (1.
cjaiiomtria (Ana«),4l& ^^H
cri«lBtB(Tadijrna), 216.
cycno^dca (C.Tgnopni}, ^^H
PM), 64, 68.
i.'riMalelIiu (Tinamiu),
106. ^H
503.
OfOlopaia. 107. ^M
peDDU (NeUapui), T2.
crinlatuB (Anas), 4G8.
CycDOB. 2A. ^H
cri»taluf (Mergan«f),
c^giusas. ^H
479, 4S2.
Oygna Madrt, 7& ^^H
Blla), 60, 148.
crulatuB (Mergiu), 493.
C7gtM MUTCga^ 36. ^H
^
J^f
CTgnu (Adm), 35.
CygiiiiUB, 23, 24.
CTgnoidea (Anu), 107.
oygnoidss (Anier), 107-
oTgnnidea [0}-|niop«ia),
107.
oygDaidoB aiutralii
(Anaa), 107.
oygnnides Btutralii (Cyg-
noiwu), 106.
Cfnuidea fsrui (Aiuer),
oygnoide* hjbridn (Oyg-
nopaii), 106.
ejgnoidta orientalu
(Anai), 107.
Ojgnopau, SI, 107.
C7|Dui, Zi, 26, 31. 35,
emuB (Anai), 26, 32,
oygniu (AnMr). 2ft, 35.
cygnui ((>giiua), 28.
oygnna (ferug) (An«s),
X.
cjgniM (manniBtua)
(Adm), 35.
■Tpm (Anw), 332.
» (Adm), 171.
» (Todoma),
173.
DmrnietU Duck. 171.
Smflla, 144. 270.
(tanioil (SormtUria), 427.
Sq>hil>,270.
■ wini (Notliuro), 559,
ALPHABEnCAL INDKX.
derbiuia (Obuina), 5.
derbjann (lachyomii), 6.
dert^ana (IscbyrorDu),
derbjHna (Palunedcik), 5.
diazi (Anaa), ISS, -^4.
Didactjle Ostrich, 57Q.
dircsa (Anu), S7.
discolor (DendrooTonii},
145, 161.
diaoolor (DendrocTEna),
101.
dUcora (Anna), 299.
diacora (Bo«hai), 300.
diaoon (Oyanopterua).
300.
diacora (PteroOTanm),
300.
diBcori (Querquedula),
281,299.
dL'tcors occidsnlaliB (Bua-
cbu), 303.
diipar (Anu), 411).
diepar (Anxr). 135.
diapnr (Bernida), 133,
135.
diapar (Fol^iticta], 420.
diapar (SomateHa), 420.
diapar (Sullaria). 41U.
dUpar (Sulleria). 420.
diuiniitia (Orjpturtis),
dominicua (Komunji),
438.
Doubla Macreuw, 406.
DuubU Macreuee d'Am£-
rique, 409.
drcpanoptera* (Anaa).
218.
drtpaDoptcros (Ouerque-
diila), -219.
drepiLnapteroa torquata
(Anaa), 2ia
dreaaeri (Somateria), 424.
DronuEUB. 585.
Droinuua, 585.
Dromfe do la Nouielle
Hollande, iWT.
Dromi
. ftS.'i.
Droniridoi, Ci
Dromiceiiu, 58ft.
Dromiceus, 585.
Dun Direr, 473.
Dualcj aiidSpott«d Durk,
Dutk; Duck. 200.
eatoni (DaOla), 270. 278.
cUoni (Querquedula).
2lM, 278.
Eder fuitUna. 425.
ednardnii (Casukriua).
aoo.
Egyptian Oooae, 167.
Elder, 425.
Eider Duck, 42.'i.
ElaimaaettA, 143, 287.
elefEune (Cjiludro
er]-lhncua ( Pbajnioo-
plerus). 11.14, 19.
rrjthrwwpluiln (Aou).
efjlhrooephnla (ATtbys),
337. 340. 3ja.
erjrthrocephnb (Fuli-
gutn), 337.
eryLbruoeuhala (Nyroo),
341.
erTthropbtbolou (Anu),
353.
orylbrophriialtiw (Ny-
mm), aSA, 653.
erythnniiia (Aaaa), S3,
OT, 117.
erjtbropiu (Anwr), 80.
111.33.96, (i7.fl8.117,
errthropus (Berniala),
118.
srytbropoft (Oiyplurua),
518, 532, 534.
erytbropus (HuriloehenJ,
ya
erjtbropiis (NoUiuoer-
ciu). 534.
erythrcpui {Tiii»niiw),
534.
erTthrorhjncliii (AoM),
200. 285.
erttbrorhjiiaba (Dafila).
199.286.
errtbrorhynGhii(MBn<ca).
285.
erylh rorhjp AafNetti on) ,
2m.
enlbrorUj-noliit [Pmdlo-
n«tU). 282, 296,
erTthrorliynchH (Quer-
queduU), 2^7, 385.
erytbrorhjneha (T«-
dorna), 285.
Eudromin. 566.
Bubibea, 1(H.
Bulabeia, It^
EulKbis, 104.
Eimethi, 143,218,
europntu ( Chcntico-
pteriu), U.
tjiaai (I>Bndroeypna).
145, 165.
eytoni (Dendrooygna).
inn.
eytoni (Leptolsniti), IGj.
ALPOABBTIOAL IKVES.
rBbalJi(An9er). B9,99.
fuben (ClibaguIa],S91.
fiiberi (Hmlds). 3iH.
raberijPlatypiu), Se!>.
(kero«nni ($Diiial«rk),
427.
Faithful Jftoam. 4.
fiilcsrU (Ail), 218,
alcaru (Anna), 218.
falcaria (Querquedula),
219.
fBlcaU(MBrecB), 219.
rdcala (QiierqueduU),
180, 218.
FuJoatcd Duok. 2ia
ralcstuTD (Nettion), 219.
fkinilisrii (radonu),
172.
fajiieiuia (Anu), 425,
fiuciKla (Anu). 319.
I'luci&ta (Crfpan). 559.
ruoistus (AUlaeorbyn-
dim), 320.
lumal.tu (RbynBbotUB),
54M.
fuciotUB (Tiiiftmiu}, 559,
hm {Anui m, 300,
fern (Buscbu), 192.
rsHna (Aiuh), 335, 340.
340.
ferins (AHIiyia). 337.
reriiia(A]rtb;B),33S,S44.
feriiia (Fuliguk), 74,33i>.
338, 340. 306. 379.
ranTik(Fulii), 337.
fBrins (M«fiU). 337.
ferina (Nyrooa), 33t,335,
340,368.
forms kDieriainB (Full-
Buta), 341.
— .(FuUi),
fcrinoide* (Puli^uln),
femiginB* (Adm), 17T.
345. 450.
ferruginHi (Biiiura), 450.
remigioea (EriBtiistura),
441, 442, 446, 449,
ferrugineus (Ansor). 182.
Ferruginoiil Dunk. 345,
rerm (Anwr). 88, 80, 90,
91. lUO, 101. 104.
roriu (Ojgnopa.), 108.
rani* (Oygniw), 'X, 27,
31.32,37.
ferns cuadenua (Anwr),
112.
fidelis (Ohautu), 5, 7.
adelic (Opistholopbui),
6, a.
Smbnata (Ana*), 282.
finmiFvluoug (Anwr), 97.
Fireiui
I, Bll.
fitoheri (Amu), 422.
fiacberi [Arctoactla), 422.
fitcberi (Puligula), 422.
Sseberi (Lampronetta).
423.
fluberi (Somateria'), 422.
FincbioDe ool oiuSb, 328.
FiatioDi;, 294.
Bstiilans (Marc**), 23a
BBiulnriilADu), 227.
Ualutnri* (Mareco), 2S8.
Dstiikru (Mann), 230.
Uatularia amerjcann
(Adiui), 150,
flatulsria criMaUi (Aoaa),
328.
Sitularu jamaiocnsia
(Anas), 162.
Flamant. 18,
Plumnut d'Aoierlque,
16.
FUmenco, 17-
Flammgo, U. 15. 19.
Flamingo witb redbnaat.
flSTiroaCria (Ann), 196,
212.214,261,203.
OarimtriB (Daflla), 261.
flafiroelria (Qu«rque-
dula). 261, 263.
Florida Duok. 203.
rormow(Aii).341.
formooa (Anna), 240,
formoia (BoMhu), 241.
rormo<n(Bunetia), 1^1.
formon (Nettion). 241.
(ormnaa ((jusrquidula).
(PtdignU), fortnowra (Settion), 238,
4oO.
fcmiein.
femipUM (Nyrooa), 344.
J
ILPSABBTICAI. IKDEZ.
fncnatA (Mnvanetts),
457.458.
frmntiii (Sotbocfircns),
5O0. 512.
rrenate (Anu), .355.
fren&ta (MariU), 357.
freWnsia (Anas), ^1.
freleiuij (Cyanoptcnu),
ru«CBTelT«tina(PiiligulD), gtorpca (Fxcilouetta),
41U. 2(iC).
a, velTCtiiift (Gi^-
ifl). 410.
mx™ (Amu), 400.
291.
freti 1
I (Ptaroqyanen),
[miB (Anas),
432.
fret) hudmnis (Querque-
duls). 305.
rrODUlis(AiMeO, %.
fulieinoai (Anas), 4(K.
FuliguU, 3«, SH.
fn1igul>(Anai),3G3.37a
fUligul>(Ayth7n),3ff3.
fubeula (Kuligula). S40,
340, 354, 3«3, 305,
ses.
fuligiila (FuliiX 3A5.
fuligula (NTFiica), 363.
fuligula (PUtTpna), 365.
Fuligulins, 24, 3JC.
fuligulua(PlatTpiu),3a,5.
Fulix, 354.
fiilva (Anu). 149.
fuUa (Osfila), 160.
fuln (I)endran;cD»),
145, 140.
fulni (DendrooTgna),
160, 151.
fuli«(Dendn.nfsai 1,150.
iligiiln), lfl(J.
riucD-botchu (Anas),
H13.
IS (Apleryx), tilO.
u (tlerganser), 4R0.
IS (Uergue). 4tiU,
fiuous (Platypus), 407.
Gadwall. 222.
galoingenns (Foecilo-
DMta), 282, 2(«.
Onleuted CoHOVarv, 592.
galpatua (CasuiuHua), 590,
pileri^ulntAcAia),??.
RaldriculatB (Ais), 73, 7fi,
77.
galerioiilala (Anas), 74,
7G. 77.
galericulnta (Cosmo-
ncaaa), 77.
gaJerieiilala (Dendro-
i.«aa), 77.
gnlericulata (lAiupro-
gaiiibcli (AiiKr), 89, 05,
9U.
gJbben(Mi-lanitta).402.
gibbm (Oidemia). 402.
gibbma (Tadonia), 172.
gibberifnjM (Anas). 2W,
gibberifrons (JIar«ca),
254. 257.
eibberifroiu (Nettioa),
2:w. 2»1.
gibberifrons (Qui>rqiie-
riula), 2.">4, 257. 2fi».
gibberifrons. far. bemitri
(Anas), 2o8.
gibbifrons (4nas\ 2,">5.
gibbosua (Cvgiiua), 36.
gibbuB (C^gQus), 35.
girra (Anas). IM.
girra (Anser), 63.
girra (Dendrucj'gna),
6$.
girra (Uicroi^giia), 69.
glaciuliH (Aiui'i). 3p9.
glacinliB(ClMiguU).;l89.
glacinlis (Cry
gtadnlis (Fuligula). .191.
gludiiliiHH(.relda).3S9.
giiu.'iali,(Meiuamai.301.
■ ialia(Ur;rgUB),4(>*.
^^^
ALPHlBKriCAL IMDEI,
623 ^^
gutlBts {Dendnwygn*),
hiatrionis (Anu). 396. ^|
dutoi. -m.
IW.
n"«led MprgnRcer. ^M
glcK.-it)m»(Aii).S4l.
giittaluB (Crjpluriu).
469. H
gluoiun. (Ana*), -240,
508.
honiejeri (Ana«j, 333. ^^M
248.
guttatus (Timuaiu), 497,
liomejeri (AjftbTa), 33d. ^^H
gliM)IUn*(Eun«tia).241.
508.
bomcjeri (Fuli^ult), 397. ^^^|
glooitui (Unrem). 241,
gutt.laU (Amu), IfU.
Homed S-^reamnr, 3. ^^^|
240.
guttuliita (ltoDdro<7<m»),
norned WaweT. 86. ^^1
m.
ham»chuchii (CEdemii), ^H
341. M6.
gutmlata (DeDdncygnal,
40a ^H
gljphorbjncljus (Pho-iii-
nvt-
hornutiuchit (Melonitta). ^H
ccpttru.), U.
cmefini (Anas). 491.
fuUiilatua (Tinamua),
407. ^H
m.
hotlfntota (AnM). 266. ^H
gm«lmi (FuliguU), 4D1.
Ojtiinnthu*, .11.
botlentota (KeitioD), 260. ^H
godnuii (NotboprocU),
Gyninurn, 441.
fiSl.
dula), 265. ^H
Urota (>»«,). 117. ^H
haoiti (Apterji). 604,
«11.
liuiuBmlU (Anu), 296. ^H
go-rfdi Dendr«-jgn»),
Hsrelda. 32T, 388.
buTiicraUB (Querquo- ^H
154.
Harle, 473.
dula), 296. ^H
naciUi (Aniu). 25r>,
Marin & mantesu noir,
hutchiTin (Annr), 114. ^H
ewmmw (Anw). 490.
481.
bntchinai rBnmla), 111, ^H
Oraad Canitrd, .''2.
Hnrle oounmn^. 46a
114,115.' ^H
Orandp M,uT.niM, 40C.
Harle etoiU, Vii.
gmnJims(A.,*.r),84.
Harla hupp^ 481.
^H
gr»udib(Atni»). lOT.
Hwle hupp6 do Tirginw,
hutebiuBii (Bfraiala). ^H
gr«)di8(An«rJ 1112,107,
4119.
^H
108.
Harlequin Duok, 395.
butcbiusil (Leuccble- ^H
grendis (Beraiclii). 1(17.
OreM BUcli and While
linrtlaubi (PWronatta),
pbarou), 115. ^H
hrbcma (An<u), 3^15, ^H
Duck, 42U.
^1
Great liUek Durk TruiD
fa.
hybrida (Anaa). 130. ^
Hudxun'uBiiy, 412.
hauaiensij (Anwr), 127.
tijbrida(Bprnicla). 131.
Or»t OooK, 107.
l,a«aiim..i. (A^er), 137.
liybrida (Chloepbaea),
a™uTiTmmot...^l3.
Hawkesborj Duck, 140.
128, 130-
QMy-headed Di.uk, 182,
Heuii-onetla, 327, 418.
lijbridu5(Anwr), 130.
Hydrobules. 452.
Heteronslto, 144, 32ft.
Orev-heade6 Ooow, 182.
hi<-milii (ClBnguU). 391.
hiemBlii(Ua»ldB), 301.
l,jem«lU (Ana,), .T77.
Gray W Oooae, g9.
389.
grue. (AnM), llKi, 488.
bi„»(An»«),4!)0.
hjemalie(C'langula),379,
Bri«.{Fui;g.,l.),417.
liinalQuenjumlula), 490.
391.
gmriicntris (Crjpluru*),
Hit.. T™1. 490.
hj™Jis (Fnligula), 392.
014.521.
Hi],p«lwtrio, 590.
hjeuialUiQl8mjion),391.
griMu. (An*r). 80.
hi8irioniM(Ai»ui),395.
liyemslU (Harelda). 391,
392.
397.
HjinPnolffitnuB, 4M, 455.
dala),251.
biilrioDiea (ClangaU),
guacu (Crtplum), .MS.
39.1.
UTDnetU, bl.
. ■DWu (Ti£arau.), MS.
hygerborea (Ana»). 83.
, gBinMnHB <inMr), im.
3H5.;i96.
'■"ios'""'' '^^'^"i^''
hi,)nonia. (FuliguU),
atiit.
byporborea (Cijen). 38, ^H
iCUJftMiuii (Phttnico.
hislnouioi (Hnrelda),
hvp«rboreDnirali,(Oheil). ^^|
piwu.),9.
a,M6.
^^H
. SakuDa Duck. 4S«.
hialrioLica (Phljoco-
g5,87. ^M
BuUata ^nu). IW.
„Blta). 396.
Hi^trionicu., 394.
byperborcu> (Ana.). 86. ^H
hi»lrionicu« (Histriooi-
ou.),3«J.
L,|«rto«>u.(An«,r),83. H
guUaU (Drndrocycnn),
14f.. 1114.
396.
byg^„.(Chen).82. fl
bjperboreiu (Ohtnalo-
pei), 86.
hjperboreuH (Cbiono-
dim), 85.
hjperboreai (CygDul).
43.
hyperbonui nlbatus
(Ohen), 86.
hjperbonus niralii (An-
«r). 87.
hyperboreiii uifalii
(Clitn), 87.
hjperboreui, T>r. &lba-
(lu (AumO, 86.
loeUnd Duck, 38S.
ignipalliutui (Plupnico-
pterus), 11, U, 17.
iUtLeni (Anaa), 282.
natbcra Buck, 282.
Ilhui, 682.
IljonettB, 334.
imiDUtabilig (Cygnug),
37.38.
immuliibilu (Olor), 37.
iinperialii (Uci^unaer],
imperUlii (Mergiu), 493.
Insmbii oiulado, 619.
la&mbu-oarupj, 564.
Inanibii guanl, &48.
Inttobd futodo, 627.
Inmnbui. 6.'ill.
indiot (Anas). 52, 106.
imlim (Anser). 1(15.
indim (BLimicla). 10,'>.
uidica (EuIsbBes), lOj.
intermedia (Atm). 338.
inlerraediua (Ans»r). 94.
intormediui (Tinamui),
497.
intermcdiua (TTscbypel-
mue), 4tn.
iodutiB (Anna), 321).
iodolLs (Malaoorhjn-
obu.). 320.
iopareia (Anna). 53.
Iprcati-apua, .'i9.
ipecutEri (Ana«). 267.
ipeciitiri (Querque<lula),
2(17.
ipeciituri (Qiiorqucduta),
(Dm
ua).
irroniitus (DromBius),
689.
iMbjamia, 4.
Lchyromia. 4.
ialnndica (Anu), 383.
islandiw (AjCbya). 367.
island ica (Bucepbnla),
381.
isInDdica (Claneula), 37G,
383.
ialandioa(Fuligula),357,
ialandica (aiaucioDBtla),
384.
islandica (Soinnterui),
islandifum (aUuoLon),
384.
idandicua (C^gQUe), 23,
166.
jaTaaicK (DendroareDa),
146, 156. 157-
jiTanica (Dcndrueygiw),
1.U 166.
johniioTiii (Caauariiu),
ubao (Anaa), 141).
' ubaln (Bpnii.-ltt), 140.
. ubata (Branla), Ml.
iibata (ClLPnnh>]Ki), 170.
ubiiW (ClwnonetUi),
140, 170.
jubata (CblamTduchan),
140.
jubBis (ChlMpbags),
141.
jubalui (AoKr). 140.
1(19.
jubatiu (Breiithua). 141.
jubatui (Cbeualui>ei),
](>K, IGll.
juliiiB (Sotlioceri'ue),
kagol™ (AiiBB). 22a
kiig.itk> (Mureot). 330.
EaRiiehi, 3.
Kniiipturbjncbus. 416
Kasarka du Cap de
Bonne-EBporatioe. 182.
kamrkDide< (Anaa), I8a.
hmpi (Uuunnus), 61)3,
^^^
ALPHABETICAL INDEI.
G2o ^H
Librtdorii. (PulipUs),
417.
IfUTOWjAalui (Aaai).
442,
l>bnidorl» (Somaleris).
lc-iH!<>Mphnlin(PIfttjpm),
UuMiphthaloiu* (Aiuu). ^^M
Ubrodori<:a(AaM).41T.
'"sr" '""■""""'•
^^M
I*i...»).417.
Ittbrsdoriiis (Ounptu-
■ \tt>m«3). 41il.
"'ax.'S'iS'""'-
pu.).347. ^H
H Ubnuluriiii (Campto-
loiicwmji (Putiftneilo).
loucopia (Bcmiclri), 37. ^^H
H ki»>u>).4IT.
leacopMi (Anu), 117, ^^^^1
^H bhredoru* (Camplo-
1457^ ^H
^L lAimiu). 417.
pterual, 4l'ifl.«il,403.
Uucop«» (Au»r). lis. ^^1
^H Ubrodanui (ampto-
leiicolaioa (BemicU),
leui»psu (Beruidft), US. ^^H
H rh7aoh,u.). 417.
ua
leucopalu (Bnmta). III. ^^^1
^B kbr«]orua (Kaiiiplo-
^^M
^r rbvnoliua). 417.
Mr), 473. 479.
IpucvptU (Brenthus), 1 10. ^^H
^~ laglnuii (Oasusriui), 598.
It-ucopiii (Clienalopiui). ^^^H
378.
^H
431.
U<uM|t«n (Aiuu), 00. ^^B
^H Laptnuk Duck, 345. 363.
leuoonoto (Biiiura). 437.
^B lurnta {Ana«\ 2fHI.
""S- """'*'■ ■
43T.
^1 2IS0.
leui»pt«ni (Cuuras), 60. ^^^1
437.
'""sna"'"-'"'"'' ■
^B ItnirrmiB (Tinamui). 407.
■
43(!.
leucoplera (CWoi^phnga), ^H
■ ktmntr. (Ad^k). 845,
leocnnoWs (AyLhja),
^H
W 3e3.
Xi7.
kucoptero (FuUguk), ^^H
ImiroMri. (Anm), 41.1.
Ipupoiiolo. (F.iligul.).
^H
l«tir«tri.(Nyroai). 3«fi.
357.
leuiMipterua (Anaer), 132. ^^H
U-n'i (Apterji), «»,
606
Uu.-or.oHu (CUnguU),
Uuconterua (Sarcidl' ^^^H
430,437.
o«L). uo. ^H
w
lei>Wi (Pl.tj'p..»). 428.
43(i.
leuDotis (Abub). 3<i:l. ^^H
liuniEi (Ct^ii«), 'M. ^^M
lepidoi™ (Crjplurii. ,
LeupopareiB, 111.
linnei (FuligiiJit), 365. ^^M
525.
1147115.116.
LipMentrue. 21. ^^H
Lcplulanis, 144.
LitUe Block and Wtite ^^H
Duok. 385. ^^M
Illtle Brown and Whita ^^M
plaron). 115.
Duck. 3SJj. ^^H
442.'
leucopweim (Anser).
LitUs Brown Duck. 385. ^^M
114.
LitUe TiDDuiuu, 522. ^^H
443.
UuR>p.ris (Bernidn).
lillanlis iTiKtorna), 1 72. ^^M
ne—V 413.
US.
InbaU (Anai-). 4^2. ^^H
lobaU (Biliuni), 452. ^^M
tiin.). 444.
■•s""" "■""■'"■
lobala (Eri..uatufi), 453. ^H
leunoceph-Tii (Eriima-
'Tfi.'""-"-
bb.<.u. (Ufarob<.t«8). ^H
tura). 441. 442.
452. ^H
toiicoi'ephali. (Fuliguln).
UucophChBlma (FuU-
guU). 347.
442.
Wt>gi«uda <Aniw). 270. ^H
toucwvphda (OidciDu),
Wf. 357, 360.
^H
442.
louginudi (CaBla). L>73. ^H
luugii^uiU uliuidics ^^H
443.
mieri (Nj™-«). 344.
(Anu). 36S. ^H
iBiiaoveplulK iiOJannn
,.,^«,*„ (...,.
(Mcrganior), 481. ^H
...
2. ^H
Imuriroatrii (Notlio-
lonsinwtrM (Tinjimus),
IiCHig'Uiled Duck fnim
ifildwn'. Bay, 389.
loM-buled Duck rrom
New-Fouodbnd, 389.
Lophodjtta. 463. 468.
lopbolM (MsTgus). 4tl6.
lopholua (Anaer), 140.
lophotiu (ChsD&lopex),
140.
lophTra (Aom), 216.
lopbyra (Pnlainpdea), 7.
luoIJa (Aniu), 491.
luoonini (Aau). 203.
ludoricdaua (Querque-
diiln), a&j.
Intida (Amu), 335, 490.
luioniCB (Anas), 188,
maoou <Bii;<in], 44A.
nutccoa (Emmatuni),
441,448.
>■ (Oiyurn), 4^8.
ALPUABETICAX Iin>XX.
pterus). 291.
nuuuliroBtriB (Ftero-
ryaiiM), 291.
mBGuliroMria (Qu«rqit»-
duU). 291.
maculosa (Anas), 187,
2tt1.
maculosa (Nolhura), 558,
5.T9,5«l,.'iii2, 563.
maculosa (Tlnamua),
06O.
mociiloaus (Orjpturui),
maculuaui (Hothurus),
6&9.
muculoaua (Tiiumui),
KiO.
Madagascar Teal, iiH.
mndagsacarienaia (Ados),
IW).
madagaacariensis (Ber-
niola), S6.
modagucarien
lop«i). 6i).
iwua). 05.
madogaacarieiit
cjgna), 6«.
mada^tiscarieiu
laadaraucirienB
pu»), (Mi.
I (Cbena-
i (Che-
a(Micro-
i (N«l».
a (Netto-
» (Quer-
major (Trtrao). .W3.
ra^ior (TiDsmus). 497.
600, 501. 603, 503, 505,
60U, 507, 559.
major (Tntcbypclmiis).
5(3.
major brasilieniis (Fer-
dii). 502.
major ruBcepaCTinaiiuiii),
506.
major aubcriblatm (Tinn.
mua), 505.
inslaourhyncba (.Anna),
320, 4.'w.
innlacorhpicha (Full-
EuU). 456.
maiacorhjnchoe (.inns),
455.
malaoorhynchoB (Rbjii-
cbupia), 4.'>.5.
Malacorbynchua, 144.
319. 456.
nuila«irlijn8hu3 (IItiiip*
nolle mua). 4.1.^.
malacorhjnchus (Muki-
corhmcliua). 320.
Mallard. 192.
Mandarine Duck. TC
Manilla Teni, 147.
maaillpaais (AnoH). 147.
iiianillonalB (Qucrque-
dula), 148. 2<>U.
■ « (Cignus
I
nariloidoa (FuIiguU),
337. 352. a.'iS, 361.
uurilaidM f Fulix). S.'je.
■tiaribg (PkiTpii*). 3ST.
iimrina (Aiuu), 3a'>.
tnarins (Fnligula;, 357.
iDwititna (Anu), 171.
mnrilima ('Xadorni). 172.
Hannaninatu, 144, 320.
Marmonetla, 320.
m&rTDQnita (Anas), 321,
(Han
U). 32-J
(NoChura),
."159. 6GI.
nmruiorota (Qucrque-
dulA). 322.
luaniioiatiu (Tinumug),
501.
miuciirina (Ana*), 190.
tuaiitua (Ahm), .'hi. 193.
lUBiirua (Aplerji). 600,
fill.
iiiBiiiiiu«(ApUi7i),r>ll.
media (NuUiiira), 6dU,
561, 563.
inediierrBDeB (Audi),
ALPaiBCItCJ.1. INDEX,
ondlancor^phtu (Crg-
Qiu), 25, 39.
DieUaearyphus (Stbene-
lu«), 40.
HelaoilU, 300.
meliuloceubnlu (Aniu),
38,325,377,
oUnocephalik
U). 325. 361.
mnlnnotspbala (Hetero-
netla), 32.').
luelnnocephala (Nmm),
325.
luelanocephatuB (Aoser),
105.
mrlnnoacphnlusfCygn lu),
39.
m^lanooaiypbua (Ansa],
I
megapuB (Iklelaoitla),
4U7.
me^pua ((EdeuiiH}, 40S,
inpgnrlij'Di'hiia (Somate-
ri&), 434.
mega It ro* (Claneuls),
3»1.
tnegnuroa (Hardda),
301.
niegnuroa (MelanitU),
402.
lupEiaum (SoiDoteria),
&.
mcgaiinia (Oidemia),
402.
Megi.lanM. 670.
melancorjpha (Anns), 39,
inelanourrpba (Stbene-
lld«), 40.
mo'.nncoryphm (Anaer),
.luiioleucua (Adht),
44.
ilsnoleiicuB (Anser-
anu). 45.
melaiioleucua (Anwnt-
nu.). 44.
meUnoIeiicui (Olioruto-
pm). 45.
melaiioleuciu (CfgniiB),
Melanonettn, 399.
melanonolA (Sarcidior-
Bi»), 54, 66, 57.69.
roelouoDotoi (Anna),
66.
meUaoDottu (AoHer), 55,
50.
■DelatioDotiu (Flectro-
ptsru*), !itt.
mdaiionotua (Sarcidior-
ni.l, 55. 67.
tDelanopui (Benucla),
121.
meUnaptera (Berniola),
129.
mvlannptera (Branta),
129.
nielanopfem rCblotpha-
ga), 128, 120.
mElanoplenii (Anur),
lafl,
metnnoptcrtu (BrenUiua),
molanoriimui (Orcnii*),
30.
inelanurliynchiu (Ojg-
nu«), -Jr.
mHlaODta ( Anas). 56, 57.
melannUi (SBraidioniia)i
65, 5rt.
nielinolis (Anai), 55.
mplnnatin (Anu), 56.
inolnnotot (Anaer), 65.
mclonotoa (Flectropte-
melaDDliis(Ana>), 66, 58.
melanotuB (Aiiwr), 64,
59.
inulnnottia (garDidioriiia),
55,66.
m^lanDtiu (Sarlidiornia),
Qelanoleuca (BernicU),
menibranarea (RhTnohaa-
pia), 319.
Mruibrauaceoiu Suck,
319.
tncmbraiuuteni (Malaco-
rbjiicbiu), 319.
membrinnoeua (Malaoi^-
rliynchm), 320, 456,
Mergaoetu, 454, 467.
MergnneClinie. 24, 454.
Mergan»r, 463, 471,
472,
ijiergBiuer(MergiiB), 103,
4.2,476,477.
lMBreii»).477.
Mertrrllu*, 463.
mergiformia (Clangula),
381.
Uarginn, 24, 463.
Mprgoide* 327.
merguidM (Anna), 370.
mcrgoLdea (Ckngula),
379.
Mergo-OrM, 473.
Mxrgu*. 463, 471.
iDeriai]|u(Anaa),62.
meriilionalia (Fuligula).
028
At,PHABETlfc*I, IKDEJ:.
^^
Mosolia. 51.
nifFM (Eri,malura), 443.
243.
mowhaU (Ami.), 51. .W.
mer»(Fulizu]»).443.
minor (Tinamiia). 663,
60.
iner»i(ri>dina), 443.
aio.
moKhatA (AnMr), 53.
b-d
miniu itriiitimi (Oluu-
iui«cbaU (CitiriDa), £1,
moserjlLriiB (Tinamu*),
.■ium). 35S.
52, .W.
52i
mi.iuta (kM»\ 3fl6.
m™ch,tu (Carina), .W.
miouK. (Anwf). US.
Minute MergHnwr. 4tiu.
53.
IfatopiM. 333.
ramuli.8(An«r),B8.
moMhala (lIjonMlu),
53.
nietopiu (FHliguU), 332.
397.
M™iflnDuoJ..801.
mbutus (Merganwr),
(Anu). 193.
Marican Pwh.rd, 149.
466. ' "^ '
M™e«n ShoYfller, 307.
■i.inu.uB(McrgBlla0.4«i.
mcacoTilicuB (Anaer),
Tneticaiw (Adu), 307.
.i.inuti«(Mfrgii»), 4(«i.
1(J7.
iiiinutua(PlBtjpu8).31ir>.
mooooft (Eriamalura).
140.
448.
muUori (Ana.). 207.
nioiioana (Qucrqufdula),
mul.icolor (Quarquo-
300.
diila), 118. 211).
moiiciuia (Ebjnchsepu),
n>od»U (Dalila), 2T5.
uiultiTOlor (Stmna). 147.
310. 317.
modtsLua (Crj plums),
Qimiroii(BerniGla). 117.
moiiniDiu (Orjplurui).
622.
inurBlij (Adbb). 2B1.
516, Ei7. bib.
modest u» (TiuamuB),
muscaria (Aniui), 307.
miploniB (An»), 389.
523.
MuMOvj Duck, 52.
Micrccygna, 84.
Diuiiea (OlangiilB). 391.
n.n»ica(Hardd.),3ai.
Wicroptorm, 373.
6oB.
BiioropuB tUernLcU). 121.
micrupiu (0»llicben),
moll in (Apltm), 309.
"Ss-iS-"-''^'^'
iaii.
426. 428, 430, 432.
moUiMiii.R (FuUgul.).
niuiicu«<01or),28. ^H
>^-
434,425,427,42a
inu«™ minor (Oygnm), ^H
Milouin des Maluuincs,
4fi9.
muia(An.'isi. :;,'ij.
:>1B.
MnleS'ivan, ;i.C
Hiloiiiu m duuil, .132.
inntoria),4:ia.
Jnutus (Cj-gnus), 3.)
Millouin, 33.'>.
moUisfima dreescri (So-
MIHouin .hi Mciiqiie,
nn,t..ria), 41'.V
niewa (Anna). 192.
14',),
mollii,:ii.>U9 (An«T),42H.
i.a:vi*.L (A,.«»), ;(24
Millouinan, ;;.V..
iii.>lli.BimUB (Plalvpu.l,
n,uv,.i«i(Sti<.tonclta
,324.
n<iM.i..u (Ura.ilEi), 111,
427.
na^v.*,! (THdoriia).
■li.
mol)lxlo]il.on™ {Stru-
mm.. (Criplnra)..M
.-..
minor (BcmicLi). 117.
tliio), i>72. ir,i.
nm,a_ (.No.lm™).
m.
minor {C,.Barl<,i),12r..
inonarl,;.(.Ai.,u.M'.ll.
minor (Crj-ptnni-),Sli4.
moniiclins (Ana-), 120.
n^iun (P,-iTunciiln),
minor (Cjj,'n«^l.:i(t.
...ontfluft (Amif), IW.
liana {KI.e,.), 576.
minor (Kiiligi.U).:lill.
401.
K.mdou. .^^.
minor (Hol..r), 31.
montana (Aiiwr). VS.).
Kiimln, 5811.
mim,r (MrrKanwr), 4i;.\
41)1.
min.lii(Rlien), .5?0
minor (Xotl.iin.), Ml.
m..r.tnnu8(Aii('CT), 4;il.
VA.
:««.
iixinlanus (Ulii'iiuloiK'i),
uaiiiiB (Tinnmns), ■
miM-.r(N.,.lM,m.)..^.(ir..
m.
iii.tioni<FUiKiil«).
<:<s.
minor (Oi.lf,oia|, 405.
Mnomk, rai.
nnliuni (Kyroca),
335
minor (Olor).;flt.
Mu]>,>elB>,n«, 124.
35:1.
minor (I'liu-Liimnniasl.
mort^iif-W.), 199.
Noeoi'lien, 81.121).
IS.
Murillon, .M-^i.
NrwiiirKa, 143, 2^!
ALPHAHETICAL IXDB«.
620 '^H
H NelUptu, M.
nigw)c«p.(FulignW.32S.
Dom MluidiK (Mtfila). ^H
H Neturioti, :KA.
3138. ^M
■, Neltion. 143, 2SS.
.t5S, S60.
^M NeUopu*, 46, K4.
NiloHo Duck. 491.
2%. ^^M
i.ilotioa(.4n«a).49I.
nfra«(AnM].346. ^H
^H 58T-
nilotica (Ciirina), 4fll.
I4f rooL. 32fi, SSi. ^H
^H Keir HolUnd CuMtwary.
niWu (Anas), 6«.
njroca (Aethyin). 347. ^^M
^1 58ii.
niTalig(0han).82.86.
nytvea (Anas). 345. ^^^1
^B N«w Holknd Cereop.»,
niTM (Tadom,*). 87.
nyroca (Anhja). 34G, ^^H
^B
nivoi»(AnMr).84.
360. ^^M
^H Ne< Holland Dufk. 319.
-tKS.ffi'""™''
Djroca (FuliRaU), 74, ^^B
^H New EollaiKl 0>lriab,
338.344.346.348,362. ^^B
^m
357. 366. ^^B
^M New Holland Shieldrako,
eiu), 540.
Djroea (Fulii). 344. 347. ^^H
^M 185.
^V Nev Huliuid 8hore1«r,
Djroca (Morita). 348. ^^B
^B 314.
Noi-tun. 550.
nyroca (Sjroat), 346. ^^^H
Me. Z«aandDu(.k.368.
Nomony,!, 4;W, 438.
n(.rw<«U (So.iial«ria),
MhwidiHguKu, fi7B,
ob«n (An»), 378, ^^B
581.
427.
ubeoura (Aoai). 187. Ifft, ^^1
200.202.203.3M,2J3, ^^H
niiirobu(PMu»),625.
noiftu (Anaa), 267. 304,
^H oiger (Mergnuwr), 479,
4oe.
264, 3;f8. ^^"
K 481.
NotLera. G58.
obHum(Bo«hw), 901.
^M nig«r(Mei^*).48l.
oli.(!iirafulTigula(AQa6).
H nip,r(Pl.trp,>.),40l.
202.
■ "tir"""""-'''''
NnthoTH, 40U. 5r>8.
obMura. ™r. fulriguta
Motburu^ 547, 5r-S,
(Ai.».). 202. ,^H
^B niifrtt {An«), 102. 401.
ao'/m hi.p«nii» (Ad«),
obacunu(Anur}.110. ^^H
^1
301.
^P nigW (FuliguU), 404
uoT«j hispanlB (PUrcwj.
aura). 301.
^H
^ 404.
olHoleU (Krroca). 347. ^H
niinu (Meltuiittn). 401.
"r,;;s:-3i?""'""
abmletus (Crjpturiu) ^^H
nig™(CEdeo.m).400,401,
^H
w.
ob»<letu> (Tinamu.), 519. ^H
iilgrn (Oideniis), 401,
41-
^H
402.
noT«bollanduB(Biiiiira).
nigr. (Pondope). SS-'i.
452.
nigra (Som«t«r«). 402.
D«>n boUiindiK (Cwu-
Oc* larTatica, W. ^^H
nigra amtiriciuiB (Fuli-
ariua), 586.
gula).405.
oooidonUaU (Aplerri). ^H
nigra major (Anw). 406.
«,), 79.
601, 608. 610. ^H
nigr«. Tar. americiuia
Bono bolUndiic (Dro-
occldnnt&li* (Bcmicla), ^^H
{(Edpmm), 405.
m«u«), 680, S89.
^H
iiigrimn.(Anwr). 123.
OMidentalis (Bran la), ^^H
nisrioan* (Bemiola), 123.
raaim). 587.
^^H
nierioana (Bruila), US.
orcidenlali* (Crjpturua), ^^B
123,
Miua).6H(!.
61R. 546. ^H
mgriau«(Brenthu.),134.
Mcidua (Anai). 419. ^^M
nigricapilluji (Nothocer-
ll.iol. 686.
^m ci>.},M9.GU.
uoTmhollanduelTaohca),
591. 5!)e. ^H
^m niKrieopilliu (Tinamo.).
^M 51l.GI2.5ia
687.
ocelkU (OrtTgia). 66S. ^H
^1 ni^^i. (A^). 31).
398.
^H
ocvllaU (Tumii). 668. ^H
^B i>igriooUia(AiiNr).80,
868.
H nigri«>lliB (Ch««na). fi.
^H
^B nigri<wlli- (Orgnu.), 311.
368,
ckIohfIdiIiu (Hergiu), ^^H
DOTiv i»landiiB (Fuli-
485. ^H
^m nigrina (UebuiUa),
giiU), 365, 3U8.
novnvndandiiB (Drouii-
od^KKlalua (Uorgm), ^^B
^1 nigrip^ (OideiLiB), 402.
cciu.), 006.
ovtoMtwuii(UorguB).48fl. ^^M
f130
(Edemio, 327, 309.
OidemU, 300.
Oic^eO.
Oie armte, 167.
Oie & cnnU, 112.
Uie & duTet, 421?.
Oie a l«te cendree, 130.
Oie bronnSe, 55.
Oie de U coU de Ooro-
mandel, 65.
Die de pldn. 373.
Oie dm Baqiiiuiniii, 82.
Oie de* lie* Ualuuiiie«,
132.
Oie dcs TpFrM Mugel-
laniquee, 132.
Oie JomcHtique, 28.
Oie Murage, UO.
Oie uurage i, tiHe griso
de Ooroniondel, 18^,
Oie uuTses du Csuadi,
112.
OiwAu Rriw, 373.
Olor. 25.
olor (Anaa), 35.
olor (OTenuii), 25, 28, 20,
35, S.
dor imroutabilii (Cjg-
niu), 37.
0[MatholDphui, 4.
Oranochen. 128.
orienUlii (Anna), lOB.
orieu talis (CHsuuriiu),
583, 500, 590.
orientaU* (Mergui), 473,
II.PHABKTICIL INDEX.
Otr du Cnp de BoDne
"Eeperani*, 107.
Ojc ripiiBe. 92.
Ove utUYige du Cap de
Bonne &pOn
2(10.
PuKOuetta, 388.
IVinlfd Ooone. 134.
Palamcdua, 2, 3.
Falaiuedne, 1. 2.
Pnlnmedeidffi. 2.
guilleocenB (Crjpturua),
527-
pallida (Bemirla), 121.
pallidipes (Anser), 04.
pallipc* (A»aer), 94.
paliidiHUB (Anwr), 100.
pxhistrL) (Anser), 90,
101.
panticinicui (Mergui),
465.
panucii^ua (Uorgua), 4f>5,
paradoiua (Aniwr), 100.
PariinB at Ihe Chiliaiu,
parripe. {An«er), 113.
pnrTiro.tm (Aone). 237.
porriroitris (Crjplurus).
PatueBpaliib, SIC
Palo grande, 52.
Palo ipeculirj, 287.
Pnto nfgriaco ata UanoB,
332.
Palo pico amarillo j
negro. 261.
Fatu picn aploniado t
roio. 282.
Puto pico de tres oolorM,
291.
Pa to pico pequeno, 236.
Palo real. 52.
Pato roio ; negro. 149.
pnturi (Anaa), 267.
piiTODinus (raoiiiscue).
434.
Ejlewenais (Anas), 207,
eliotiFtta,399.
pelwlni (CTgnua), 37.
Penelope, 335.
penelope (Anns), 228,
231. 241, 348, 335.
penclope (Mareca), 227,
228,233.
Penclopa, 227.
penelopa (Anae), 227.
penelops (Penelop*), 228.
Penguin Duck, 102.
pannat* (Rliea). 682.
pent land ii (Eudroraia),
^^^
^^
631
r>53.
perdimriu. (Tin.nia«).
pl.g_^Pl«.M.p...,
Phoiiiooplwi. 1,8.
553.
PlKctiieoplw-idw. «.
4»8. 625, 303.
I'ontu mnrtinela, Tm.
plutonia (Aiuu). 41.
purdii iBIirnuhoti^). .ViS,
20.
!m.
Phietiiuurudiiu. 9.
pn«. (Tttdora.), 330.
Faobnrd. 335.
•^553.
PliyW-oiielt*, 31M.
IM-rdU(Telrao),r>53,
piou (Adm). 134, 184,
P<«ilonit(».2Sl.
Mrdit (Tinuinus). .VA
Fenlii chicbo, SIU.
240,
p.«il<.rli)-noh. (An..),
piotBiBeraielnl, 134.
188.200,211.
percerin* (Anas), Sib,
piclioolIU (Ca»iuriu>),
piBuiiorhf uoba (Mnrea),
■All.
200.
per^riua (ClBngul-),
501. IWO.
piehu. lAn«*). 109, 13t
PiedD..oi,41B.
2m.
porcgrinuK (An»pr). 124.
PiellC 4tti.
a».
penim (Ai.«). 177.
pileoto (AnB»). 2115.
polinoepbik (Beniick),
IDS.
ptU>t« (l-WrMywea),
137.
aiw.
H7.
138.
286.
pileolu. (Oryphiru.).
pi«g»), la*. in«, 137.
poliocepbalu. (Aluw),
413. 414.
.',13, 522.
pilMtui (Tetnio). 522.
138.
^ rhainphito). 41.1.
pileotm (Tin«miiB). 522.
puliowpbaltufBrcnthii*).
pileaiiu meKr^tlinis
138.
■ 413.
piiS7ffi™"'''°''
■ ptr.pJoaiBnk {(Edmnis).
tliroph,.>),IW.
■ 4(K), 412.
Pmklrnoteil Goose. 103.
Puliih 8>Ti.i>, 37.
FiDk-lie»ded Dock, 01.
pullicarisfAnM), 170.
413,
Pia-tJiil, 230. 270, 271,
pullirarii (Anwr), 170.
274.
pulliuarid (ObciuUupei),
413.414.
pUnifron* (Sonuleria),
170.
per*picai.lu. (Pbtjp...).
428.
Pnlyiticta, 4ie.
413.
plntAtM (Anu). 3III.
p«u*iwiiu (Himinui-).
SOB.
p«».c.(Aa»).332,
plaUUa CBp»tti!»). »«,
n^'- (C„p«..).
pE«xucu(Fiitigula).».t2.
Petit Cannnl i> growa me.
3lfi.
Plntypiw. 354, 423.
310.
i'ro«ert.. 570.
:m.
Propori, 570.
PelLt Grille biJuctylo,
psata), ?ia
Pri«er,471.
m.
platTrhvnchoi (MeU-
■>ro<iiiwi (Aiil. 7*.
Petit TiMinou de Oiy-
miu.407.
PMudwypiius, 4a
enne. 52:1
plBlyrhjnohoe (Oole-
P«-udolor,42.
Pelit« H«reiue. 404.
luu), 408.
pUtjrhjfUcho* {Hhyneh-
Pten»ne!mi>.57a
Petite ^urottle. 244.
*\^i.), 310.
I.tt.'Oti. 147.
P«u.. 4'J6.
ooptrrui). 15.
pUtjuro. (Anwr). 100.
pUtyuru»(Bemiuta).121.
Plo™«. 111.
Philiicte.81, l(l».
plWyuro»(Ehymriiii«pi.).
pulol,elI« (AMomlU), (i7.
310.
plmniceu* (Pbonico-
-tX'- '^-"•''
67, 148.
ptoru«), 0.
ri,iH.i«n.u-.K 8. 113.
Plcctroplmiiea. 4tl.
114.117.
PhirniB)pnrr«.21.
p.ilcliricolli8(Aiuu). 123.
PleclropWrua,40, 4«.
puiui (Adi-lunetla). 2V3.
i
puna (FunanettA), 293.
punn iQuirquodulii), 290,
203.
Punanrtta, 290.
pimctnla (Anu), 1C4,
252,254,255,257.265.
28j.
piinclatA (If&reiu). 2ri2,
257.
punotata (Querqucclula),
2fli2B5.
pundatuui (Kettion),
240, 2f».
puDctulata (Notbaproc-
ta), 553.
punetulntn (Motbunv),
553. 5H.
puiictii1atu« (Rh;nchu-
tiu), 553. 5r)5.
piirpureo-Tindia (Ai
ALPHA BETICAL I^IDEX.
ra^jah (TadornaX 1<1.
iDeeuB (Plicenioopteriu),
a, n, 12.
iMeuB. TOT. parra (FIhb-
Dicopt«ruB), 15.
M(A>»
rnffleaii (PUrucjanea),
Rhnpliiptorus 457.
Ratitjp. rilO.
ruucedula (McrgnnKr),
piuillu* (Uergiu), 474.
pyginBim (Anseri. 98.
p;ron<t«r(DaGla), 21(1.
pyrrhocephala (Anns),
285.
pyrrboguitrr (Anaa), 2IC.
pyrrhogaatra (Amu),
21«).
pyrrboga«tra (Daflla),
lilQ.
pjirtiorfajooba (Anu),
B«<1 - billpd Whirling
Duc'li, 159.
B«d-breiiatcd Qooniider,
479.
Rod-breasted Oaoae, 125.
Bed. breasted MeTKHiiKr,
4711,481.
R«d-brMaled ShoTeler,
307.
Rcd-cnsted Duck, 328.
Red Duck. 345.
Red Flamingo, 10. 12.
ragulia (Caaiiarius), 594.
fPHin (Annex 52.
regia (Cnirma), 53, 59.
rfgia (Sareidiomu), 57,
69.
regia (Sorkidiornis), 55,
W.50.
rcgius (Sarkidioriii.), 55,
ii(CbeD),82,88.
rouii (EianUieinciiM). f>f<.
Rounil-created Duck. 4U#.
i-ubeiui(An,-w), 24.1, 307.
ruber (Phanicoplcrua),
9.12,14. tr.
ruber ( PlwjBnirorodms),
11.
ruber (Sarridiornia), HI,
nibida (Anaa], 44.''i.
rubiOa (liiiium), 44fl.
riilnda (Cermnn^it),
445.
nibida (Erismatura),
riibida (Fuligulit). 44.i.
nibidii (Gyiuuura). 44r>.
ruhiaa (Oivitra). 445.
nibida (Bliyiicbui^iii),
rubida (Tadoma), 1H2.
rubidi(«p» (Aawr), l.Trt.
riibidiL-eua (Ueniicla),
I3li.
rubidicepa (BreuUiua),
13U.
rubidiwps (Cblocpliaga),
12i?, 13G.
rubidicepa (Cliloetro-
pbue). I.t0.
rubidoptera (Anns). 2r>9.
itriIAflRTlC*L ISfDBS.
I
rafegoeiu (Cnuturua),
6t8.
rufuceTu (Nothums),
MS.
rufesaeoa (Bliynchotes),
ru rowens (RliTnchotiB),
■M9.
nifmeena (Bhjnehotus),
547.543.
ruriwceaa (TJDaraiu), MS.
BuSbrentB, 111.
ruOoepe (Anu), 32S.
rufl(»ps{Ajtlija),337.
niSa-pt (Cblliohen), 329.
ruflmpn (Tiutniu}. 409,
500,(107.
ruSiwUii (Auu), 123,
33.7.
niSnillis (Anser), 124.
ru<ioalli>(BemicU), 1^^.
ruSuuUi* (Bnmta), 11-2,
124.
mflooUii (Breotlius),
ulliui {Timmiu), M2,
544.
■nlradorii (Oosuftnus),
590,595.
Salradnriiu, 454.
ulrini (Orjpt>irin), 517,
undiiMiuit (BernicU),
126.
auid*ii»iuiB (Bmathui),
127.
sandriceneia (Ohluiipba-
g»). 127.
■undTioeiuu (Trctudica'
te.), 127.
sinil'iDhenHu (Anaer),
12(1.
ruSuoUii (Leucopama), a&ndticlieiiBUniawichen),
la^i. 136.
uadwiosnsi* (Leuoo-
poreiB). 127.
undwiobnuii (Anu),
I
rufliTiHUi (Fiiirguln), 330.
ruli^st«r(Aaaa).3U7.
rufinn (Amu). 328.
rufitiB(Artliya).330.
ruflart (Branta), 328,
330.
niflna (Cnlliehon), 330.
nifina (PulieulR), SliU,
330,333.
riiHtu (MorgoidM), 329.
ruBna (Iletu), 32S.
ruflniun (Cit1li<.4ien).
.■(30.
ruflnuB (Cnlliehen), 329.
nifinua (PIotTpua), 321).
ruQtorquDi (Anu), 370.
ruRtorquM (Futiguli),
pufuB (Tiniii>..u). .519.
rappelli (A""). 4S.
Dili (PlertroplaniB),
Siraelle i qutMis jpiai
d. Caj-Bne. 43S.
Snrcelle bUuche et an
"SBJ.
ruBtio* (Anu), 386.
rullianien (Anu). 442.
ruliU (AniM). 177. 345.
ruliU (Owrinn), 180.
rutiU CC»mn»), 17'.
178.11*2.
riitilii((Ie(lAlup«i), 19a
VOL. XSVII.
Sunielle mult de Aloda-
guo&r. 65.
Siirwlle rouge. 24 S.
Snreelle niiisso i longua
queue, 438.
Sareella SoucrouroUc.
29».
SariMlle Saucroarau, 2011.
Sareidioniij, 4B. 64.
SBrkidiomu. 54.
»iiurui(Anu).488.
mwka (Anu), 389.
BCundiiUB (Auu). Sin,
KnniiUriB ^CluHgula).
ass.
•cjipularii (PterocTiLitca),
29«.
seapiilariB (Querquoduli),
iw ciuT (Adu). 488.
Scaup, 355.
Scaup Duck. 355.
•chaohnDuia (Tadorna),
172,
sciwiQiu (PlecLropUirui),
47,51.
ulateni (Caiuariui), 590.
solateri (Plenropteriu),
Baadwidieniit ^.BemJoIa), acolop
SBrocUe d'Egrp^A 345.
Sarcelle d'ili, 204.
Saroellede Ja*>.2l8.
Binwlte de la Caruline,
sm.3m.
Sanietle de la Chine. 77.
SnrceUo dp In Ouade-
loupe, 438.
Saraello de l» Louiiiana,
38A.
San»lle de I'te'e Ferrcw,
389.
Snreelte de Madanuotr.
65. 258.
SerecUe Af Malaii, 175.
tfarrellc du Heiique, 3l)l .
Scoter, 401.
s. ciiberti (Anae), 425.
acuteUilA (Coaarka), B(l.
scutulata (Anna), 00.
Mtutulala (Amroornia).
BO,
•cutulaCa (CoMrn), 00.
■cutulata (1Uorua),6U
scutulata (yalpanMc),ttO.
Mgetum (Alias). 90.
K^uui (Anaer), 06, 90,
101, lOa. 104.
■agetam bracbjrhynoliu*
(Aiuer). 104.
negetum middendorfB
(Anwr), 10:f.
eogetum serriroatri*
f Anser}, 102.
w^um, Tar. eerriroitria
(Au»er). 102.
leinipnimata (Anas), 44.
•pm i polnuLta/ A owraa ub) ,
44.
luipKlmola (Berniula).
■emipalmatui (Aiuer-
Bnui),4&.
mnjpalmahu (Ohoritto-
poi),44.
npUnMoEiKlii (Aiuar),
426.
■aptantrioDitlia Bjlreatria
(Anu), 9-2.
■MMtk (HemnMr), 482.
wirmtor (MerBBiuer),
471.479.481.
wmtor (U«rK>u), 473,
479.
■arrmtor a, pnlladi (Uer-
g™).493.
MrratiM (On"'""")- ''01,
ALPUABKTICAI. IUDKX.
»oui {Ocyiitum), S22.
soui (TinuDua). 0*22.
Soutbein Ostrich, 5TA.
nori (Crvpturiu), 522.
■oTi (Trtrao). 522.
BOTi (TtoamuB), 522.
gp. (Anas), 437.
>p- (Noctura), 550.
up. (CBdemiB). 4'M.
■p. (Querquedula), 493.
SpuDsshDuck, 145,442.
iparrniBnni (Ansa). 271
jparsa (Anna), ■"" ""
St. Domingo Tml, 438.
Stenmer-Duck, 374.
Blejnsgeri (Oidemift),
213,
Shieldrake, IT I.
ShoTelor, .10(1.
Mbiluu (Cygnua), 37.
•ibiUtrii (Ansa), 23n.
dbilatrii (Uanwa), 23T,
23ft.
•iUklrii (SBrkidiomi«),
237.
•ibilo* (O^gnua), 35.
fijOeur i. beo noir, 162.
Sifflenr k bee rouge et
lurinaa juitnes, 159.
Silleur hup]>6, 328.
•imploi (Orj'pturui],
C16, 581.
fr). W.
•2m.
spnth ulatii/IlhTn chupis),
310.
SpatuU, 144, 300.
Spatulm, 306.
■pacUbiUi (Anaa), 43-3.
ipectabilii (Erionetu),
434.
Bpmtabilia (Fuligula),
425,431.
■pedabiliB (Plalfpui),
434.
■peotubiliB (Somoterin).
424, 432.
BpectUBrioidea (Aaan),
Btelleri <Aiuisl. 419.
Btelleri (Clmi^ulu). 419.
Bt<tlli>ri (EiiiconetU).
Bpinicauda (DaSlaX 237,
270, 270.
■pinicitudiL (Erismatuni),
418.
Bt«lWi (Uocrupug), 4t0.
■tellen(Polyittiela),4I!l.
BtfUeri (Souiateritt). 42(1.
Stelleris. 418.
Stlienelides. 25.
Stbeneliu. 2.'i.
Siiotonotu, 144, 324.
8tr»u«g, 673.
Sirepeni. 221.
Blre»m(AnH«),192,103.
231,221!, ,338.
atrapera (Bi)9clia<"), 222.
Btrepdra (ChaulelnBOiUB),
224, 226.
■Irepera (Ohsiduxlua],
atreptra (Querquedula),
atrepera ame
(Anu), 224.
I
StruLhloiira, 570.
Sl.rutliionidn.', Q71.
StrulWuniforinM, 570.
(ubata (Adu), 140.
flubboKbu (Ana*), 192.
■ubonoca ((Jiierqusdula),
34a.
■uburiiliiitiu (Tioainua),
497,603,504.
■uburbtacui (Irnchjpel-
mu>), 501.
lubruiliim (Oalliobenl,
329,
aw.
u.o,v (Anoii), 1
'uUtn(Atuu), 371,
Buicvi (Aqm), 162.
Siuumer Duok. 73.
Suminer Tnl, 291.
■uwrU (Aa»). 4iii.
BupenriliBTU (Anu), 2'>7.
luperoiliim (Amti), T4,
188,193, lUti. 197,20(1.
207.
ntperuilion, a, eaodwicb-
•nii. (Sn,^), 137.
BupenNlion, var. pelew-
enai* (Aq»), SU7.
Superoilioua Duck, 200.
Swan, 30.
■jrivalioB (Anna). 250.
»jl»e«lria (Ana*). 51.
ayWcatria (AnKr), 00.
■fUantru (Cairina), 63.
aylnstrii (HjonMla), 53.
aylveatria freti budHmi
(Anwr), 82.
ajiUicula (Oryplura), 528,
i«),028.
ILPnABETICAC. ISDRX.
tadoniuiilea (Vulpaiiaer),
18*1.
TienidieaUo. 12S.
TituidiflattiM, 128.
Tame Swan. 35.
Uo (Orypturui), 49^. 501.
Uo{Tinaiiiu.). 497, 601.
too iTruobypelmiia), 49H,
601.
TnouiKUd, 490, 5G4.
TataApA. 525.
Istaupa (Crjptura). 525.
tatAUpa {Orrpturua), 515,
tataupa (NoLhun), 525.
taUups (TinaniiuJ, 526.
Toal. 243. 445.
Tvol with red aa the
wing, 492.
Icmmiaokii (Anwr), 97-
leme leeuiria (Anna). 60.
TliiLkariomia, 43(1.
TUalusoruia. 436.
tb uleusis (SomaterLa),427.
536.
sjlTicoU (Tiiia
e,49li.
».4M,
TacLea, 585.
TaoUyBiM. :t2a. 373.
tacnnowak[i (liollio-
procta), 551.
Tudorna, 142, 170. 171.
Udonu (Anaa), 171,
173.
tadoma (Cbenalopai),
(jKlurnioa (Nottalupot).
186.
tadornoidoa (Anna), 185.
UdunuHdea (Oattircm),
177, IBS.
ludiirnoidra (TadurJiii),
Tim
TiuamoUdinii!, 566.
Tinuaotia, 496, 5(17.
Tinamou oendM, 517.
Tinamou da Ca]renne,503.
I'iaunou Tarie. 635,
Tinamuu Tarid de
Cayenne, 535.
Tinatuiu. 496. 558.
tinua CUergua). 461.
torquala (Anaa). 125,
2ii8,395.
torquBta (Bemicta), 120,
124.
torquats (Clangiila). 3'.)6.
turqiiata (QuorqueduU),
210.269.
turquatum (Nettion), 210,
tuben'uUrostris (Ovgnua).
37.
(uber<]ii]oiiu(Aii«er), 108.
Tufied Unok, 34S. *«.
Tujua, 678.
turneri (Blziura). 460.
turneri lUcreuietUL),
457.46(1.
tumsri (Kbiphiplcrus),
460.
UndiDB. 141.
undulaln (Amu), 183,
212. 213.
uudulaU (Anaer). 105.
unduUlua (Orypturiu),
Qia,527,52R,5;i«.
iindulotiiB (Tiuamui),
527, 628. 630. .Mil.
uniappendioulotut (Oaa-
uarius). 591.597.
unifaiciala (Brianuttura),
443.
uuir>niiate(OiTnn).443.
un-mi((>gna.),37.
Ural Diick. 442.
iiniphoaianua (Aiiaa), 282.
uropliBaianue (DiHIa),
LorquutUB (Brcnthua),
turquulua (Histriotiicua),
torrida (Ansa). 41)2.
torrida (Bnnca), 492.
Toujon. 577.
Toujou. 578.
Trachelunetto, 270.
TracbyprlDiB. l«i.
Trachypsluiua, 496.
Irauataaciatua (CrjplU'-
rua), 517. 640.
triearuneulatua (Caana-
riua). 5'JJ, M)t, 5115.
Tuiatia (Dt-adrotivgna),
153, 1.M.
TalianeH (Ajthja), 31.1.
talianen (Njroca), 343.
Talianeria (Anaa), 342.
TBlianeria (A)-Uiya), 342.
TaluDem (Pulix), 343,
vnlisnehaiia (Anaa), 343.
Yalianeriana (Fuligula),
313,
valliaDsrin (FnliguU],
192,342,362.
Talliancria (N; root), 331,
587. ^^H
■* (Ahmt), 184.
nriig>ta(B«niioU), 184.
■« (0«Mrc»), 177,
"a*"'
(BbynchoBpii),
ALFHIBKTICAL 1KD1!X.
Terriralor (PterocnQea),
291.
Tenlcolor (QusrqueduU),
200,291.
TiduBtB fAsw), 145, 140,
236,442.
Tiduata (DbBM. 145.
Tulgnrig (QueFqncduU),
290.
Tulgsris (Tidoma). 173.
Vulpamer, 170.
Tulpniuer (Tiulama). 53,
172. 173, 183.
iricgaiA (Sp^ituU), 314.
THriegBts (THdomn). 1X4.
Tuifigftta (Tinamiii), 530.
TMnegBts (Vulpaawr),
184.
TBriegatcd Ooom, 183.
Twi^Bted Tinamau,
m {Ai«T>. 183.
irifMtDi (Crypturus),
ftl7|61fl..'a5.538.
nri«gatu» (Nothooeroue),
T«Ti(«ituB (Tumii). 503.
nrias (Anaer), 1(17.
nriin (QieniJiipBi). 168.
Vel»8t Duck, 40fl.
VeWet Scoter. 406.
nlTBtinm (FuliguU^ 410.
vrl*efiiik (HeUnetta),
409,411.
nlTetina (Oidemia), 400,
411.
TarmicalatuB (CryptuniB),
145, 157.
Tiduata (Dendrocygna),
145, 140.
viduata p«nonnta (D<>n-
drocygnn), 147.
Tigonii (Plunanurus),
2S2.
vindilfi (AnB»), 442.
Tinaoni (DoflU), 2-'>8.
Tiola (Fuligula), 53.
Vimgo. 238.
vinecetn (Rhynchaspia),
310.
Tirgiciana (Quefque-
duU), 290.
TimnianuB cristatus
(Mm-ganier). 4fia
Tiridi-ffinea (Ajuu), 53.
Tiridi-rhombes (Aiub),
491.
Tittata ( BriMnatura), 441 ,
442,450.
Tittioop* (Ansa), 230.
r-nigra (Somnteria),
cfona), lrBigiueiuui(SalTador
weddellii (Tinamual, 49S.
WeiaabaoVBncntp, 41)1.
Weetem Duck. 419.
Whilk.401.
Wliistling Duck, 102.
WhUUing Swan, 2tl. 3-J.
White Swan, 42.
WliLte-facod Duck, *m,
493.
White-fronted Oooso.
93.
White-bend, 442.
White-headed Duck. 442.
White-vingeil Antarclic
OooKe, 132.
Wigeon, 2-27. 228. 230.
wigpon {Ansa), 234.
Wild Swan, 20.
wilaoni (Anas), 4a5.
wyrilliana (Anas), 187,
19«, 107.
lalcunni (Anas), 492.
lanthorhmcha (ADaa),
199, 212, 2fi4.
xftti (liorhviicliolQuerquc-
dula), 213.
LIST OF PLATES.
])ciiJroc3-cna guttata, p. 104 I'l, I.
= IhMli-oeyijna guttuhUa (Wall,).
Nettion albigulare, p. 25" PI. 11, fig, 1 .
Nottion gibberifroHS, p. 254 I'l. 11. fig. 2.
Dafila eatoni, p. 278 Pi. 11[.
Kyroca ianotata, p. 350 PI. IV.
Merganetta fricnata, p. 45S PI. V. fig. 1,
ITerganetta armata, p. 458 PI. V, fig. 2.
Tinamus caBtancicci«, p. 507 Pi. VI.
TinamuB aolitarius, p. 501 PI. VII.
(Typo of T. gultvJaiut, Graj.)
Notbocercus nigricapillus, p. 511 PI. VIII.
Crypturus cast-anous, p. 521 PI. IX.
Crj-pturua crythropus, p. 554 PI. X.
Crj-pturus bartlctti, p. 538 PI. XI.
Crj-ptaru8 scolopax, p. 528 PI. XII.
I
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p.
BinlrB.M.Vol.jaill.
.; imil <i«L. rr. .:&. . Uinl^m ?rJ» Dnoiiv. Ill
Vnh RM-Vi-US^Tl.
PL Mil.
Cf'yfitunt.f UtLitTOTlJ
Bird.< Ii..}f.VflM'm.
Biifi, B.M VolJXrn.
\ £i,-d, BM.IU . XXVII.
J»„
rM'!
kbnUmBfiA Chniim btK
.¥otiinra- darwiniii.
LIST OF THF. CURRKNT
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2«. 6d.
List of the O»teologic«l SpecimeDt iii the Cvlloction of the
iiritiah Mu!«iim. By John Eilwant Gray. Pp. xx.r., 147.
[With Sysl«maiie Index and Appendix.] 1847, i2mo. 2a.
S4)iti. Jiuo.— |3/S« Wi. HOIS. K. s
LIST OF PXJBLICAnONK OF THK
I of the
. 1K62,
(_'iiUlo);ue of tlio llonfs i.f Maniinalio in the Collectioi
British Mnfleum. By Edwunl (li-rmni. Pp. iv., 296
Calalogue of Moukeys, Lemurs, iiml Fruit-estiug B11I3 in thu
CoUwjlioa of the British Muwiun. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.tt.S.,
&c. Pp. viii., 137. 21 Woodout§. 1870, 8vo. 4».
Catalogue of Cn'nivorous, Pacbylerraatoiis, nt>cl £deQl«te Main-
mftlia in the British Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.B.S,,
&c. Pp. ™., 398. 47 Woodfuls. ISB9, Svo. 61. 6d.
Hftnd-List of SealH, Morse«, Sea-Lions, and Sea-Bears in tho
BritisU Museum. By Dr. J. K. Grav, F.R.S., &c. Pp. 43.
;tO PlatM of Skulls. 1874, 8v0. 12*. Gd.
Catalogue of Seals «ji(l Whales in the British Museum. By .Tohn
Edward Gray, F.U.S.. Ac. 2nd edilion. Pp. vii., 402. 101
Wuodcule. 1866, th'o. 8*.
Suppleawnt. Bv Jolin Edward Grav, F.ll.S., Ac. Pp. vi.,
103, 1 1 Woodeuttt. ■ lt*7i, Hro. It. (!rf. '
List of the Spoiimens of Cetawii in the Zoological Dejiartment of
the BritiBh Museum. By WlUiam Henry Flower. LL.I).,
F.R.S, &o. [With Svstematic imd Alphftbotioal Indexes.]
Pp. i».. 3(5. 1695, 8vo. U. %d.
Catalogue of Buinitiant MAmmalia {Pecora, Liuat^UFi) in tlw
British Museum. By John Edward Grav, F.R.S,. &c. Pp.
Fiii., 102. 4 Plates. 1872, 8vo. 3^. 6cl.
Hand-List, of tlie Edentate, Thick-skinnud, and Ruminaut
Mainuials in the British Museum. By Dr. J. £. Gray, F.R.S.,
&C. Pp. vii., 176. 42 Plates of Skulls, &c. 1873, 8vo. 12^
C'nlnloguc of the Mar«iipiritia and Monolrematn in the Collection
i.fllii iJiiii.-^li Mii;,ruiii. Ev Oldlii'lil riiuiiiiis. l*(i. .\iii.,4ai.
4 .■ok.urrd iiu.l 24 plaiu Pla'u's. [With Svst.-mivii.' ami Alplia-
iH'lifiJ indexes.] 18KB.tivo. 1/. 8*.
BIRDS.
al..;;ue of the Birds in the Brid^Ji Museum :—
V'li. III. Catalogue of ihr Pjwseri formes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collei-tion of the Brilish Museum, Cotio-
morpha; containing (hi" faiiiiliea Corvidff, I'nradiseidsc,
OriolidEe, Dicruridn:, and Piionopidii-. By R. Bowdler
Sharpe. Pp. xiii.. 343. Wo.tilnils and 14 coloured Plalcs,
[With Systematic and Alidinhetical Indexes.] 1877, Svo.
Vol. IV. Catalogue of tiir I 'aascri formes, or Pfn-hing
Birds, in the Collmtion of the Brilish Museum. Cicklo-
morp/i/r ; Parti., containing the families Campopfaagida^
and Muscicapidn'. Bv It. HowdK-r Shnrpe. Pp. xvi.,
191. WoodcLils and H i-obured Plates. [With
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 3
Catalogue of tho HinLs in tlie British Museuiu — continued.
Vol. V. Catalogue ol" the Passer if ormes, or Perching
Birdsy in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo-
morphtr : Part II., containinf^ the familj Turdidie (Warb-
blers and Thrushes). By Henry Seebobm. Pp. xvi., 426.
Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 18S1, 8vo. 1/.
Vol. VI. (,'atalo*;ue of the Pjisseriforme?., or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of the British Musurm. Cichlotnorplur :
Part HI., containing the first portion of the family Timeliidje
(Babbling Thrushes). By U. Bowdler Sharps. Pp. xiii.,
420. \Voodcutsan<l 1 8 colonred Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical In«lex«'s. | 1881, 8vo. I/.
Vol. VII. Catalogue of tin* Passeri formes, or Perching
Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlo-
morphtr : Pint 1 V'., containiiij^ the concluding portion of
the family Timcliidjc (I>:ii)bliug Thruslies). By W.
Bowdler Sharpc. Pp. xvi., ()98. Woo<lcut3 and lo
coloured Plates. .With Syslemiilic and A Ii)habetical
Indexes. J 188:5, .svo. 1/. ()>. '
Vol. VI II. Catalogue of the Pa>scrif(»rmos <»r Poreliinir
Bird.s in the (.'olleetion of the British Museum. Cichlo-
morphrr : Pait V., containing the families Pariihe ami
Laniidie (Titmice and Shrikes) ; and Certhiomorpha
(Creepers and Ntithatche^). By Hans Gadow, M.A., Ph.D.
Pp. xiii., ;i8(>. Woodcuts and 9 coloured Plates. [ With
Systematic and AlphalH-tical Indexes.! 18S3, 8v(>. 17>.
Vol. IX. Catalogue ol the rasseriformes, or Perching Birds,
in the Collection of tho British Museun;. Cinnt/rimorpha ,
containing the lamili«'s Nectariniidjc and Mtdipha<^i(hi*
(Sun l)irds and Honey-eaters). By Hans Gadow, M.A.,
Ph.l). Pp. xii., 31(>. Woodcut^ and 7 coloured Plat«--.
With Systematic and .Mphabelical Indexes. I H84,
8v(). 14.V. '
Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, (jr Perching Birds,
in the Colh'ction of the British Museum. FringillifortiKS :
Pat t I., containing the I'amilio Dicitida', Hirundinida',
Ampelidas Mniotiltiche, and Motacillida-. Uy R. Bowdler
Sharp'\ Pp. xiii., 6H2. Woodcuts and \2 coloured Plate^.
[With Systematic an«i Alphal.»etical Indexes.] 1S8"),
8vo. 1/. 2.S.
Vol. \I. Catalo;iue ol the Pa'-<«iii"orme.«-, or Perching I'irds,
in the Collection of th«' British .Museum, rrinyilliformcs :
Part II., containing the families ('u-rebidie, Tanagrida?,
and leterida*. I5y Philip Lutley Schiler, .M.A., F.R.S.
Pp. xvii., 131. L^^'^'' .'systematic and Alphabetical
In<lexes.] Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. 1S8G,
Hvo. 1/.
Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriforines, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Fringillu
fcTme$ : Part HI., containing the family FriDgUlidie. By
LIST 01- fUBUCATIONS OV 'ITIK
r
^^V L'nlalofiiiu (if llio Uii'iJs in the Uritish Museum — eonllrtumtt.
^H It. Buwiller Sharpe. P|>. xv., H71. WfM..lcuU mi<] 16
^H (HiluurcMi Plntoa. [Wil.Li S^MAiuuiii- MiJ A1[iliiibetJciil
^M ludexes,] 1888, Svo. U. Si.
^H Vol. XIII. C&tiiIo(;ii<> of l.lic ruxM'rironiuw, ui- I'urcliin^
^H ItinJM, in thu ('(illct^tioD of thu Riiliitb Muwiini. Stmnu-
^^K forme*, i»iiinining tliu iitiuilii^s Attnm'ulir, Stamiilar,
^^H Ploceidie, nuil Alauiliilo;. AIhh ihti fuinllicn Atrlchiidti-
^^1 nnd Meniiridui. By R. Itowdltr Sfaarpe. F]). xvi., 701.
^^B Woodcutu utxl 15 colonial Platvs. [Witli Rj^etemittu'
^H Md Alphnbedctd Iiides«a.] )8iK), 8«o.. 1/. f (.
^B Vol. XIV. Catalogue of th>^ P&sseriformea, or Pdrcliiog
^H Birds, tu the C'«ll«ctioa uf the BiiUah Museum. Oligo-
^^1 myodtr, or the fuuilies Tyrannidte, Oxyrtiaiupliidie, Pipridm,
^^V Cullugidea, PhytotomidA, Philepittidoi, Pittidte. X«Qicidv,
^H imd Kurylsmidffi. Uy Philip Lutley Scluter, M.A..
^1 F.R.8. Pp. xix., 494. Woodcats and 2S oolourod PUtes.
^H [With Systcmntit^ iiod AlphnlHtJcal Indexes,] 1888,
L
Catalogue of tht PusBeriforraee, or l*erchiDg
Birds, in the Colleclion of the British Museum. TracAeo-
pbonre, or the familieB I'Jendrocolsplide, Foi-micnriidRi,
Cnnopoptiagidic, and Pteroptochida?. By Philip Ltitiey
JSclftter, M.A., I'.E.S. Pp. svii., 371. Woodcula aud 20
cdoutMd Plains. [With .Systemtitic nud Alphabetical
iDdexw.] 1H9U, 8vu. 1/.
J Vol. XVI. CamlogWiof lhePiowi»hitlw< _
British Musenm. CpHpie and TrocMli, byOsSSl
(•onid'r, of 111.' CiLii.ilii's Cvii-ulida-, Ciipriniul-,'idi.-. P.xiur-
gkW; mill Sltali.rnilhi,iiv; by Krnst Hailcn. Pp. xvi.,
703. Wocdeuls ;»nd li coloured Pljitee, [With Systematic
und Alplmbelical IjiJexee.] 1892, 8vo. 11. 16*.
Vul, XVII. Ciilalogue of iho Pici.iia! in the Colleclion of
the British Mu^^t'iiin. Coracite (cutilin.) and ffalcj/ones,
with the I'timilies Leptusonintidif, Coraeiidce, Meropidte,
AJci -din idee, .Momotida;, Tolida.', nud Coliidai, by R. Bowdler
Sliarpe. Burerotcs and Troy ones, by W. B. Ogilvie
Granr. I'|i. xi., :<2->, Woodcuts and 17 coloured I^tea.
[With SyM(;iiijiiic -AwX .\ Iphiibutit-al Indexes.] 1&92,
Mvo. 1/. 10.V.
Vol. XVIII, CHlulogui; of the Piciiriie in the Collection of
the Bi'itiah MuHCum. Scansores, containing the family
Picidse. By Edward liargitt. Pp. xv., 597. Woodcuts
an>l l.> corouied Plates. [With Syst^'matic and Alpha-
l«-tical Indexes.] IWO, 8v<i. 1/. 6*.
Vol. XIX. Calalogui! oi the l*icaria! in the Collection of
the British Museum. Scansores and Coccyge* ■' coDt&iu-
log the i'uinljies Khampha.stida;, Galbulidse, and BuccontdK,
liyP L Siliiii'i ; iiiid till' fniiLilius Indiualoi'idii-, Capilonidie,
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 6
Catalogue of the Birds in ih*t British Museum — contimted.
484 : 13 coloured Plates. [Willi Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 1/. 5.*.
Vol. XX. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots, in the
Collection of the British Museimi. By T. Salvadori.
Pp. xvii., 658 : woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891, 8v(). 1/. \0s.
Vol. XXI. Catalogue of the Cohnnba', or Pigeons, in the
Colle<^tion of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori.
Pp. xvii., 07G: 15 coloured Platrs. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] ISO.S, Svo. 1/. U).9.
Vol. XXII. Catalogue of the (Jamc Birds {PterocletcSy
GaUin(i\ ()pisf/tocomt\ Hemipodii) in the (Jollecrtion of
the British ^Iuseum. By W. K. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xvi.,
585 : 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
beticid Indexes.] 189,^, 8vo. 1/. (is.'
Vol. XXII 1. Catalogue of the Fulicariiv (Rnllidap and
Heliornithida;) an<l Ah'ctorides (Aramidae, Eurypygida*,
Mesitid.'c, Hhinochetidaj, Gruid.c, Psophiidsv, and Otidida^)
in the Collection of tlu; British Museum. By K. Bowdler
Sharpc. Pp. xiii, 35,'^ : 9 coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matie and Alphabetical Indexes.] 18!)4, 8vo. '10s,
Hand-List of Genera and Species of Birds, distinguishing those
contained in tiie British Museum. Bv (t. \{. (Jniv, F.B.S.,
Ac. : —
Part II. Conirostres, Scansores, Columba^ and Gallina*.
Pp. xv.,27<S. [Table of Genera and Subgenera: Paii II.]
1870, 8vo. 6s.
Part 111. Struthiones, Grallae, and Aus^tos, with Indices
of Oenerie and Specific Names. Pp. xi., 350. | Table of
Genera and Subgenera: Part III.] 1S71, 8vo. Hv.
List of the S|)ecimen< of Birds in the Gollection of the Briti.^h
Museum. By George Rol>ert Gray : —
Part III., Section I. Rampliastidtc. Pp. 16. [With
Index] 1805, 12mo. 6d.
Part IIL, Section II. Psittacida\ Pp. 110. [With Index]
1S59, 12mo. 2s.
Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitoiiid:e and Picidnp.
Pp. 137. [With Index.] 1S(;8, 12mo. l.y. 6d.
Part IV. C(»lumbir. Pp.73. [With Index.] 1S56, 12mo.
1*. \)d.
Paii V. Gallina^. Pp. iv., 120. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1HG7, 12mo. 1^. Gc/.
Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific
Ocean in the Collection of the Britiah Museum. Bj George
Robert Gray, F.L.S., Ac. Pp. 72. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] IH59, 8to. U. 6d.
Mi.T or frsUOATIOHh nr TUB i
RKPriLES.
OBlalnj*!)!! u( tbr TortainM, Cr(in)dit«, MtiJ Ampbi^tMenixu hi tll«>
t'olk<«-tiaii <if thti BritUh Uuirum. Bjr Dr. J. E. Gmj,
Pits., Ik. P[^ Titi,. W. rWill* M Alpliftbeiical In»l«i.]
MM, l2mo.lt. •
P«rl I. Ti-rtuditwla tTort(ii*-»). I'|.. 7&. 50 PUl«8.
IthSo, -tui. 2/. Kb.
Supplrtnent, Willi Figures nf ibc SknU» of Sti (leuerk.
Pp. is., 120. 4tl Woodculs- 1870,'4to. 10».
Appendix. Pp. 28. litTS, 4to. 2#, &/.
Part II. EmydiHoarLniiH, RhrucliocephaUa, iwod Aniphia-
buuiftoH. !>. vi., 41. 25 Woodcui^. If72, 4w, 3*. 6d,
Hantl-LiAt ol tbe Specrmms of Sliield Kcplil«» in the British
MnMtnn. By Dr. J. E. Gmy, F.R.S., F.L.N., &c Pp. iv.,
124. [With »D Alpbafceliwl Index.] 1873, 8ro. 4*.
Vmaiofpte of thi^ Ch^^lonitiD?, Rhynchoct-phaliiuis and CronxliW
in the llritwh Museum (Natural Hialorr). New Edition. By
(leorgo Albert Boiilengcr. I'p. k., 311. 7.t Woodcnts and fl
Plates. [Willi SyBtcnmtir and Alphnbetical Indpjces.] 188S,
8vo. I&.
Oifms^ h»ai TartcAtKa (living nd exiiact} in the ColtectioD of
iho Bntisli Miisenm. By Allwrt C, T,. R. Giinther, 7*1. A,. SI.D.,
I'li.ll,, KR.S. I'll, iv.iiii :>5 I'l^n... .iiui iwo ('lijii-..f il.e
Alilnbra group of l:4tiind!>, jiortli-wcst of Madagasi^ar. [With a
.Syst<;niatic Synajisis of th(^ Extinct and Living; Gigantic Land
TurloiBcs.] 1877, 4to. 1/. lOir.
Cutiilogue of the Specimens of Lizards in the Collectiim of tlu-
Uritish Must-um. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., Ac. Pp. xxviii.,
2S9. [WithGe.>grtiiiliic,Sysleniriti<',andAlpIiabcticalIndexca.]
1845, 121110. 3.1. (\(l.
CnUilogue of tlio U/.-.mh in thi- Briii.sli Musi-mn (Natural Ilia-
ry). Second Ediiiou
By Geo
rge Albert Boulengcr
-.—
Vol. I. Geckoiiifla-,
AKaniid;c. Pp. xi
and Alt>liulK-li>:nl I
Jublepiiiiri
, 4:j(i. 3
Miex.'s.J
rta>, Uroplatiike, PygopodiiUe,
Plates. [With Systeiniilii;
Irtf.5, 8vo. 20».
Vol. n. IgiumiUn,
Auniellidic, H<'!u<l<
Ampliifthnsnidtp.
Sy.^^li'iiK.iic itiid Al]
Xi'iiosiiuriiliE, Zonuri<li>', A
maliila.', VuraniiiT, Xaolu-iiida",
Pp. xiii., 407. 24 Plates,
[.■ib.-tirnl Ind..xrs.] 1K85, Hvo
uguidie,
Tciidw,
[With
20...
Vol, HI, liacerii.ia'
j.i.la-, iJihamidii.
Gi-rrboBauridii:, Sciui»la>, A
CliiimiKlt-onliiJ*. I']), xii., o
i-lvtro-
j.' 10
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 7
Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History).
By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. : —
Vol. I.y containing the families Typhlopidae, GJauconiidae,
Boidae, Ilysiidie, Uropeltidsey XenopeltidaB, and Colubridas
aglyphse, part. Pp. xiii., 448: 26 Woodcuts and 28
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1H93, 8vo. ]/. 1*.
Vol. II., containiug the conclusion of the Colubridae aglypha.
Pp. xi., 382: 25 Woodcuts and 20 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894, 8vo. 17*. 6d.
Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes iu the Collection of the British
Museum. By Dr. Albcat Giinther. Pp. xvi., 281. [With
Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1858,
l2mo. 4^.
BATRACIIIAXS.
Catah)gue of the Biitrachia Salientia in tlu- Collection of the
British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 160. 12
Plates. [With Sy.stematic, (Geographic, and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 18o8; Hvo. (is.
Catalogue of the Batracliia Salientia, s. Ecaudata, in the Collection
of the British Museum. Second Edition. Bv George All)ert
• CD
Boulen^^er. Pp. xvi., r)()3. Woodcuts and 'M> Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, Svo. 1/. lO.s.
Catalofjui* of the Butrachia Gradientia, s. Caudata, and Batnujhia
Apo<la in the Collection of the British Mu.seum. Second
Edition. By (feorge Albert Boulenger. Pp. viii., 127. 1>
PlaU'S. [With Systematie and AlphalH-ticid Indexes.] 1SH2,
8vo. D.v.
FISHES.
Catalogue <>f th*' Fishes in the Colhrtion of the Hritish Mu>euni.
By Dr. Albert Guntl.or, F.K.S., ,Vc. :—
Vol. III. Acanthopterygii (Gobiida*, DiseoboH, Oxud<'rcida',
I^atr.'ichida-, Pediculati, Blenniida-, Acanthoclinida', Come-
phori«hi', Trachypterida', Lophotida% Teuthidida*, Acro-
nuri(he, lloplognathidic, Malaeanthida*, Nandidie, Polycen-
trida-, Labyrinthici, Luciocephalidie, Atherinida?, Mugilida%
Ophiocephalida*, Tnchonotida*, Cepolida*, Gobi esocidic,
Psyciirohitidas CcMitri^eida-, Fistularida;, Mastftcembe*
lida*, Notacanthi). Pp. xxv., 586. Woodcuts. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes, and a Systematic
Synopsis of the families of the Acanthopterygiau FiBhe9.]
1861, 8vo. lOs. 6d.
a LIST OF PUBLK-'ATIONS* '>V' THE
ChIaIu);"" •»f FiBhcs, &c — maliHueti.
Vol. IV. Aeantliopterygii pharyviBogndtlii uuJ AuHCUDUiini.
Pp. xxl. 534. [With Sysleniatif «i«l Alph(ibotK-«l
Indexes.] 1862, 8vo. 8*. Gd.
Vol. V. IliysMWmi (Silimdfc, Charocinidii--, IlaplochitoniJui,
Surnoptycbidte, Scopelida?, StumintidnO- I*P- ^x^il, 455.
Wnoilciits. [With Syf^terantic Atnl AlpKiibeticftl Indoxos.]
1864, Svo. Ht.
Vol, VII. Fhy"o»tomi (Hi'teroplijgii, Cypriuiila.-, Oouo-
rhynchiiliu, IlyodwitidiB. Osteal oaKWie, ClupfidiP, Wiiro-
crntridii', Alopoceplinlido', SoUipteridw, HtJusauridff).
I'p. XX., 512. WoodcuW. [With Systematic and Alpha-
Iwdoul rndexfis.] I«6«. 8vo. «*.
Vol. VIII. PhyBostoioi (Gyninotidic, Syinbrtuirhida!. Murn-
uidir, Fegasidie), Lopliobnuichii, Plectogiialhi, Dipnoi,
Gnnoidei, ('hondropt*rygii, CyclostomatH, Leptocaitlii,
Pp. srv., .'S49. fWith Syslematic and AlphitbeticHl
Indexes.] 1H70, Svb. 8*. Gd.
List of tho Specimens of Fish in Ihe CoUpctioii of the British
Mweum. Part I. Cbondropteijgii. By J. E. Gray. Fp. x.,
160. 2 PlalRi. [With .Systematic and Alphal>eti<»l Indexm.]
ItHS), I2mu. 3t.
t'litiiloguc of Fish collect*'*! and deacribod by Lnurenco Tbtiodorc
Gronow, now in the British Museum. Pp. vii., 196. [With a
Systematic Index.] 1654, 12nio. %>. Qd.
Catalogue of Lophobmnchiate Fish in the Cc41ection ortliu BritUi
Museum. Bv J. J. Kaup. Ph.D., Ac. Pp. iv.. 80. 4 Fifties.
[With fill Al[ili.ibeii».l Iiiilox.] l8o(;, 12mo, 2.i.
MOLLUSC A.
Guiili^ to the Systi'mntic Dislribution of Moilusca in tlie Britisb
Miiaeum. Fnrt I. By Jolin Edward Gray, Pb.D., F.R.S.,
kc. Pp. xii., 2.'M). 121 Woodcuts. 1857, 8vo. .'is.
List of tbf HhelU of the CnuarieH in the Collection of the British
Muspiini, coHecipd bj' MM. Wpbl> and Bertbelot. Described
HTid fii;ur.d l.v Prof. Alcide D'Orbigny in the " Histoire
Naturelle des II'.--. OannrJes." Fp. .'1?. 1854, 12mo. Is.
List of the Shells of ViH\ti in the Collection of tlie British Museum,
collected by M. lt;iiiion de In Sagra. Descril>ed hy Prof. Alcide
d'Orbigny in Ibc '• Hisioii* dfi I'lle de Culis." Pp. 4H. 1854,
12ino. U.
List of the Shells of South Americfi in the Collection of the British
Museum, ('r.lleeled and described by M. Aleidc D'Orbigny n
the " Voyage dans l'Am<'ri*|Up Meridionale." I'p. W9. 1854,
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 9
Catalogae of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British
Museum, collected by Frederick Reigon. Described by Philip
P. Carpenter. Pp. xvi.^ 552. 1857, 12mo. 8*.
List of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British
Museum, collected and d(.'scribed by MM. Eydoux and Souleyet
iu the " Voyage autour du Mondo, execute pendant les annees
" 1836 et 1837, sur la Corvette * La Bonite,* " and in the
** Histoire naturolle dos Mollnsqnes Pteropodes." Par MM.
P. C. A. L. Ban^' ot Sonlevet. Pp. iv., 27. ISoo, I2m(). S<f.
Catalo^ijue of the l*hanor()|)n('unionn, or Tcrn^strial Op(M(;nlat<'d
MolhiKca, in tho Collection ol' tlu' Uritisli Museum. Bv Dr. L.
Pfeiffcr. Pp. 321. [With an Alphabetical Index.]' 1852,
12mo. o.v.
Nomenclature of Molbiscous Animals and Shells in the Collection
of the British Museum. Parti. Cycloplioriihc. Pp.69. [With
an Index.] 1S.>(), 12mo. Is. 6(L
Catalogue of" Pulmonatn, or Air Bn^athing MoUusc^i, in the Col-
lection of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer.
Pp. iv., 192. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2s. 6f/.
Catido<^ue of the Auricnlicla\ Proserpini<ln\ and Truncatellida' in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Loviis Pfeiffer
Pp. iv., 150. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. \s'9f/.
List of the Mollusca in th(» Collection of the Hrilish Museum. By
John Kdwanl (rrav, Ph.D., F.K.S., <&c.
Part I. Volutida'. Pp. 23. 1855, 12mo. M.
Part 11. 01ivida>. Pp. tl. 18G5, 12mo. is.
Catalogue of the Conch ifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the Collection
of the British Museum. By M. Deshayes : —
Part I. Venerida*, Cyprinida-, (llauconomidie, and Petri -
eolada*. P[). iv., 216. 1853, I2mo. 3.v.
Part II. Petricolada^ (concluded) ; Corbiculada'. Pp.
217-292. [With an Alphabetical Index to the two
pai-ts] 1851, 12mo. ivi.
BRACinOPODA.
Catalogue of Brachiopoda Aneylopoda or Lnnip Shells in the
Collection of the British Museum. [ fssuetl o^ ** PaUilogue of
the Mollusca, Part IV."] Pp. iv.. Pis. 25 VVoo<lcut.M. [With
an Alphabetical Index.] I8.'33, 12mo. 3 v.
POLYZOA.
Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British
Maseum. Part III. Cyclostomata. By George Busk, F.RS.
Pp. viii., 39. 38 Plates."^ [With a Systematic Index.] 1875,
Svo. 5*.
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Af. Pp, iv., 389. 5H PUies. [With mi Alplabetical Index.]
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MYKIOPODA
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Purl IV. CI<Tiil;i-. Ry Admn While. Pp. R«. fWith
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Piirt VII. Longicorniii, I. By Aibini WhiLe. Pp. iv,, 174.
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Illustnitions of Typical Speolmeus of Coleupteva iu the UoUectiim
of the British Museum Part I. Ljcida^. By Charles Owen
Waterhousc. Pp. x., 83. 18 coloured Pbles. [With Systp-
iimtic rtnd Alplialx'ticnl Iiidexef.] 1879, 8*o. 16*.
Cfltftlogui- of the ('oleoj)terous Insects of Madeira iu th>' Collectiou
-f an- Ui-iti.h Mu.uuui. By T. Vltuou M'ollaston, M.A., F.L.S
rwill ~ . - . - .
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 11
Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Cauaries in the Collec-
tion of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A,,
F.L.S. Pp. xiii., 648. [With Topographical and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. 10*. 6d.
Catalogue of Halticida3 in the Collection of the British Museum.
By the 'Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes and
(Edipodes. Part I. Pp. xii., 301. Frontispiece aud 9 Plates.
1860, 8vo. 7*.
Catalogue of Hispidae iu the Collection of the British Museum.
By Joseph S. Baly, M.E.S., &o. Part I. Pp. x., 172. 9
Plates. [With an Alphabetical Iiulex.] 1858, 8vo. 6s.
ffyitienopterous Insects,
List of the Specimens of Ilymenopterou.*; Insects in the Collection
of the British Museum. 13v Francis Walker, F.L.S. : —
Part II. Chalcdites. Additiimul Species. Appendix.
Pp. iv., 99-237. 184M, 12nio. 2s.
Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo. : —
Parti. Andrenidje and Apida*. Pp. 197. G Plates. lMo3,
2.y. 6(i.
Part ir. Apidiv. Pp. 109-46o. 6 Plates. [With an
Alpliahcticnl Index. 1854, G.f.
Part III. Mutillidic and Pompilidn-. Pp. 20(1. 6 Plates.
ISoo, G*.
Part \\\ Sphegidic, Lanid;i% and Crahronid;f. Pp. 207-
497. 6 Plates. j With an Alphabetical Index.] iS.lfS,
Vxwi V. Vospida-. Pp. 147. (> Plates. [With ;in Alj)l.a-
Ix'tical Index. ] lSo7, (>v.
Part VI. Formicid:c. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index. 1 18o8, G.v.
Part VII. Dorylidic and Thynnida'. Pp. 7G. ',\ Plate.-.
[With an Alphabetical Index. 1 lSo9, 2.v.
Descriptions of Xew Specie.^ oi' Ilynienojitera in the Collcvjlion
of the British Mn.seum. By Frederick Smith. Pj). xxi., 210.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1S79, Svo. \()s.
List of llymenopteni, with descriptions aud figures of the Typiciil
Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I., Tenthnidinida- and
Siricid;c. Jiy W. V. Kirhy. Pp. xxviii., 450. IG Cohiired
Phites. (With Systematic and A lphal>eticjd Indexes.] 18^2,
bvo. 1/. IS.v.
Dipterous In sects .
Li*<t of the Specimens of Dipterous Inlets in the Collection of
the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. 12mo. : —
Part II. Pp. 231-484. 1849. 3*. 6d.
Part IV. Pp. 689-1172. [With an Index to tlietour partfit,
and an Index of Donors.] 1849. 6^.
IB LIST oy IM'HI.ICATIO.VS OP THE
Lwl of the SpeoimenB of Dii>t«roiiii Insects, Ac. — cnntitiwd.
I'ftrt V. Siipplttmeiit I. StntiomnliB, Xjlpphngidin. iin<l
Tnbuniiiit. Fp. \w., 330, 2 WoodcnUi, ]85-t 4«, 6d.
I'urt VI. Supplement II. Aoroccridtr and part of (lie
fsmily Asilidii-. Pp. ii., 331-506. 8 Woodcuts. 1804. 3«.
Pwt VII, Supplwii-snt III. AsiliJiR. Pi>. ii.. 507-77*.
1R56. 3". (Sd.
LejiidnpUro'u Iitsi-cts.
IlluNtrntioii!' of Typiwil .Spwiniens of Lopidojitcra HetcroctTu in
Iho CoUt^dion of Hie Drilish Museum : —
Pftrt 1. By Arthur Oarvliner Butler. Pp. xiii., 62. 20
Coloured Plates. [With n Svetematie Index.] 1877,
410. 2/.
P«rl III. By Arthur Oardioer fintler. Pp. xviii., 82.
41-flO Coloured Plates. [With a Systeuntic Index.]
1879, ltd. 2/. 10#.
Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74.
78-100 Coloured Plati-B. [With it Syiteicalic Index.]
1881,410.2/. 10*.
Part VI. By Arthur Gsrdiner Butler. Pp. xt., 89.
101-120 Coloured rittten. [With a SysUtmatic Index.]
1886, 4to. 2/. it.
Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Uiitlcr. Pp. iv,, 124.
J21-13S Coloured PlnleB. [With b Systematic IM."]
188(1, 4to. 2/.
Piirt VIII. Thc' Lopidoptein Hotorccprii nf the Nilgiri
Oistrlcl. By tteorf^e Fnincis Homp.wn, Pp. iv., 144.
i;(9-156 Coloured Plates. [With h Svsteraatie Li«.]
1891, 4to. 21.
Part IX. Tho Macrokpidoptera Heleroceraof Ceylon. By
George Francis' Hampson. Pp. v.. 182. 157-176.
Coloured Platos. [With a General Systematic List of
.Species eollccted in, or recorded frotn, Cevlon.] 1893,
Ito. 21- 2(.
('atalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the fnmily Satyridie in the
Collection of the British Mnseum. Bv Arthur Gardiner Butler,
F.L..S.. Ac. Pp. vi., 211. 5 Plate*. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5«. 6rf.
Catalogue of Diurnul Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the
Collection of tbi^ Britiah Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler,
F.L.S., etc. Pp. iv,, 30.^ ;t Plates. 1869, Svo. 7^. 6rf.
Specimen of a Catalogue of LycienidBS in the British Miiscnm. By
W. C. Hewitson. Pp. 1.5. 8 Coloured Pl.ites. 1862, 4to. 1/. U
T.ist of Leiiidopterous Insccis in the Collection of the British
■ Pnpilioni.la-. By G. B. Gray, F.L.S.
Burrisu MUSEUM (natural history). 13
List of the Specimens oP Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection
of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12nio. : —
Part I. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Pp. iv., 278. 1854, 4*.
Part IV. Pp. 776-976. 1855, 3*.
Part VI. Pp. 1258-1507. 1855, 3*. 6d.
Part VII. Pp. 1508-1808.
[With an Alphabetical Index to Parts l.-VII.] 1850,
4s. dd.
PartX. Noctiiidff. Pp. 253-191. 1S5G, 3*. 6ef.
Part XL Pp. 492-764. 1857, 3^. Gd.
Part XII. Pp. 765-982. 1857, 3a-. 6d
Part XIII. Pp. 983-1236. 1857, 3*. Or/.
Part XIV. Pp. 1237-1519. 1858, 4*. 6d.
Part XV. Pp- 1520-1888. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts IX.-XV.] 1858, 4s. 6d.
Part XVI. Deltoides. Pp. 253. 1858, 3*. Gd.
Part XVII. Pyralides. Pp. 254-508. 1859, 3a. Gd.
Part XVIII. Pp. 509-798. 1859, 4a.
I'jut XIX. Pp. 799-103G. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts XVI. -XIX.] 1859, 3.v. 6d,
Part XX. Geometrites. Pp. 1-276. 18G0, l.s.
Part XXI. Pp. 277-498. 18G(>, 3s,
Part XXII. Pp. 499-755. 1861, 3y. 6</.
Part XXIIl. Pp. 756-1020. 18G1, 3v. 6d.
Part XXIV. Pp. 1021-12K). 18G2, 3.v. G</.
Part XXV. Pp. 1281-1477. 1HG2, 3.s.
Part XXVL Pp. 1478-179(>. [With an
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PnrtXXVll. Crambites and Tortiicites. Pp. 1-286.
1863, 4v.
PartXXVlII. Turtrieites and Tineite.^. Pp. 2H7-.")61.
18G3, 4a.
Part XXIX. Tnieiti's. Pj). .')G2-S35. ls()4, 4.v.
Part XXX. Pp S3(i-1()9G. I With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts XXVIl.-XXX. 1 ^ l.S(i4, 4.v.
Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-:;21. lS(>|,.3.v.
FartXXXIl. Part :\ Pp. 322-7()(;. 1MG5,
5a-.
PartXXXlII. Part 3. Pp 707-1 120. 18G5,
6a.
Part XXXIV. Part 4. Pp. 1121-1533. 18G5,
OS. 6d.
Part XXXV. Part 5. Pp. i:>34-2(>10. [With
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ts.
14 USr OF P(<BUCAT10R4 or THR
NenropteroH* liutHt.
CUjOogue of (he Speolmeun orNi^aroplemus Iniierts in l1ieC'«llp<-
tloii (^ llii- British Mujm-uiu. By Fi«ticiii Walkor, 12mo. :—
Vkt\ i. PhTTgMidea— Perlidaa. I'p. iv., 192. 1852, 2*. 6rf.
Pari U. Suili<lit— Neiuoplt-ridee. Pp. ii., 193-176. 1853,
:u. &/.
Pan III. Termitidis — Ephemeridw. Pp. ii., 477-685. 1853.
U.Qd.
Pan IV. Odouuta. Pp. ii., 587-65S. 1853, I2mo. I*.
C'ftiAlo^ue of the Specimens of Nt^uronterous Ififiecu in the Col-
lection of ihe Briiisli Mu^-nm. By Dr. H. Haeon. Part I.
Tormitina. Pp. U. iW58, 12u.,i «*/.
Orthofilerotix /mtttt.
Catalc^iiu of Oilhojiteroas [n.^ect*! io tli« Collection of tho British
MuMiim PdH I. Pliatnnidic. Hjr John Obadiiili Wratwooi],
FI.S., &c. Pp. 185. 18 PlBle*. [ With Bn Alphabetical
Inilrx.] 1859, Ito. U
(^'stdogiie of the Specimens ofBlaitnrio! in the Collection ot the
Britieh Muwiuu. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &«. Pp. 239.
[Widi an Alpliabeticikt Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5^. Gil-
Calalog:ui- of the SpccimeiiH of Ueimapters Saltatoria [Part l.j
and Supplement to the BIaituri» in the Collection of the British
Muaeuin. Oryllidic. BlnitsriEc. Locustidie: By Francia
Walker, F.LJI., Ac. Pp. 224. [With an Alpb^HAic&Undez.]
I86S, Bto. S*.
('.iliil(.i;ii.> of llu' Spi^-jmcnt nf Dirrriiiptern SiiHiiloriii in (lif
Collection fit til*. KHiish Mii^niM. Bv Francis Walter,
F.L.S., Ac-
Part II. LocustidiB (continiicdj. Pp. 223-423. [With an
Alphabetical Indei.] 186!>, Bvo. 4*. 6rf.
Port III. LocuslidiP (continued).— Acrididii?. Pp. 42.'i-Gl>l.
[With jin AlphaheticHl Index.] 1M70, Hvo. 4*.
Part IV. Acrididic (continued). I'p. 60o-H(>9. [With an
Alphabftical Index.] 1870, «vo. &t.
I'nrt V. Tetligidas. — Supplement Uy the Calalogne of Blat-
tarioe, — Supplement to the Cutnlogne of Dermaplera
Sfiltntona (with remarks on Ihe Geographical Dtslribntion
r.f Dcrmapieni}, Pp. Kll-8!iO; 43; 116. [With Alpha-
hetietl Indexes,] 1870. Nvo. G\.
If emi pier Otis Inxeels.
List of the Specimens of Ilemiplerous Insects in the Collection of
the British MiiMuin. By W. S. Dallas, F.L.S. :—
Parti. Pp. 36H. llPlntes, 1S31, 12mo. 7
imrriSH museum (natural histoky). 15
Catalogue of the Specimens of Ileteropterous Hemiptera in the
Collectioii of the British Moseam. By Francis Walker, F.L.S.,
&c. 8vo. : —
Parti. Scutata. Pp.240. 1867. 5*.
Part II. Scutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1867. 4*.
Part III. Pp. 418-599. [With an Alphabetical Index to
Parts I., II., III., and a Summary of Geogruphical
Distribution of the Species mentioned.] 1868. 4s. Gd,
Part IV. Pp.211. [Alphfibeticiillndex.] 1871. 6.s.
Part V. Pp. 202. 1872. 5.9.
Part VI. Pp. 210. 1873. 5s.
Part VII. Pp.213. 1873. 6s.
Purt VIII. Pp. 220. ' 1873. (>*. Gd.
Jlomoptei'ous Insects.
List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum, liy Francis Walker. Supplement. Pp.
ii., :^(>9. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1S58, 12mo. 4.v. Gd.
vermp:s.
Catftlojjjue of the Species of Knrozoa, or Intestinal Worms, cou-
tuinrd ill the Collection of the British Mu-^eum. By Dr. Baird,
Pp. iv., 132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in
wiiiah the Entozoa mentioned in the Catalo«^uo arc found ; and
an Index ol' Genera and Sp«M'ies. ] 18o,'i 12mo. 2s.
ANTIIOZOA.
Catalogue oF Sea-pens or Pennatulariid.'e in the Collection of thr
Briti.sh Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., <fce. Pp. iv., |o.
2 Wowlcuts. 1870, Hvo. Iv. Gd.
Catalogue of Lithophyte.s or Stony Corals in the Collection of the
British Museum. By J. Vj. Grav, F.P.S., <Src. Pj). iv., 51.
1 I Woodeuts. 1870, Svo. 3.v.
Catalogue of the Madreporarian CoraK in the British Mnst^um
(Natural History). Vol. I. The (iiMuis Madrepora. By
George Brook. Pp. xi., 212. :{.) Collotype? Plates. [With
Systematie and Alpliabetical Indexes, Ex}»lanation of IMates,
and a Preface by Dr. Giinther.] 1S93, 4to. 1/. 4.v.
BRITISH ANIMALS.
Catftloifue of British Birds in the Collection of the British
Mu.«<eum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., P\/.S., iSLc. Pp.
xii., 248. [With a List of Species. J 1803, Svo. 3,v. Gd.
Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British
Mu-seum. Second edition. Purt I. Andrenidae and Apidsp.
By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. New Issue. Pp. xi., 230. 11
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891,
8vo. (U.
WSB
LIST UF iH'BLII-ATlliXS l>f THK
imicidiB, anil
By Frfcdcripk
Alphabet icrI
: Collec-
r
^^1 Vespidte ill tho Collection of ihe British Museum,
^H Rmilb. V.P.B.S. Pp. 236. 0 Plates. [Willi n
^H Index.] 1868, 12mo. lis.
^H A Catalogue of the British Non-paraxiticul Worms
^H tion of the British Museum. By ( jeorge Johnatou, M.D., Bdi
^H F-R-CL. Ed., Ll.D. Mariachal Coll. Abenleen. &c. Pp. 365.
^H Woodcuts aud 24 Plat«e. [With uo Alt>habetiual ludex.]
^M IS65, 8vo. 7s.
^H CftUlogue of thi? Uritinh Eeliinodenus iu thi' British Museum
^H (Natui-al .History). By F. JetTrev Bell, M.A. Pp. xvii., 202.
^^m Woutlcuta and 16 Plalea (2 coloured). [With Table of Coii-
^^^1 toni.t. Tables of Distribution, Alplutbotical Index, Deecriptioii
^^f of the Plates, &c.j 1892, 8vo. 12j. 6d.
^^M Iiist of the Siiecimeus of British AoimalB iu the Collectioa of the
^H British Museum; willi Synonymu aud Kefereucet* to flgoiVM.
L
Part I. CenLroniiE or Badiateil Animals. By Dr. J.
Oray. Pp. xiii., 173. 1848. 4*.
Piu-t rV. Crualaeea. By A.White. Pp. iv., 141. (With
nu ln<le.v.) 1850, 2«. M.
Pari V. Lepidoplera. Bv J. F. Su-pheiis. 2nd Edilioti.
By H. T. Stalutou and £.SL«plienl. Pp. iv., 224. 1856,
If. 9rf.
Put VI. HymenoptenL By ¥, Smith. Fp. IM. 1861.
'iirt VII. Moliuscft. Ac'phjik, -.md Brsfliiopoda. By Dr.
.1. E. Uray. Pp. iv., lliT. 1H51, 3.<, (vf.
Part VIII. Fish. By Adam White. Pp. xxiii., 164.
(With ludex jiml List of Donors.) 1851, 3*. 6d.
Part IX. Eggs of British Birds. By George Robert Gray.
Pp. H3. 1852, 2». C'/.
Part XI. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny.
Pp. iv,, 51. 1H52, Id.
Pail XII. Lepidoplera (continued.) By James F. Stephens.
Pp. iy., 54. 1852, 9d.
Part Xlll. Xomeui^liiture of Hymeno|)lfra. Bv Frederick
Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1853, U. -Ul.
Part XIV. NomL-nclalure of Neuroptcra. Bv Adam White.
Pp. iv., 16. 1853, 6d.
Pftit XV. Nomenclature of Dipteiu, I. Bv Ad.nni While.
Pp. iv., 42. 1853, Is.
Part XVI. Lcpidoptera (completed). By H. T. Stainloii.
Pp. 199. [With an ludes.] 1854, is.
Pan XVII. Nomenclature of Anoplura, EiipJvxi.piLTit, and
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATCHiO. HISKH
OaiiJogiie of tbt] Fossil FtsheD — continued. ^
Part III. CoDlAbing the AetinopterygiBn Tdeostw
the Orders Ckondrostei (i.'ODctnded), Proloapoi^
AetJteotpondyli, »□<] Isoypo}idi//i (in part). Pp. slii.,lnni
4o Woodcuts and IK Plates. [Wiib Alphabetical Index,
oud S^'Etemalif! Ind<!E of Genera and i^pci'ies.] Ig95, Sva
2U.
Sf stematii; List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and
Eocene Mullasca in the British Sluseuni (Nutuial History),'
■wiib references to the type'^pecimens from aimilar horizons
' "" "n other colleclion= bt-\onjiui-^ lo tiin (liological
1 of the museum. B_v li\A,:n-
xxviii., 366. f^ iih t»ble ot i^'iuuiiieB wid {iva»t»,
CorreUtion-Uble, Appendix, and Alpbsbc^csl
191, 8to. 6*.
ChJilogne of tke Fostil Cephalopoda in the British Mnaeum
(Natural Hiatorj). By Azthnr H. Foonl, F.6.S. :—
Fart L Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidoi, <K>n-
Bisting of the families Orthoceratidra, Endoceratidn, Actiuo-
ceratidn, Goinphoceratids, AscoceratidtB, Poterioceraiids,
Uyrtoceratidce, and Supplement. Pp. zzxi., 344. 51
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.]
1888, 8vo. lOt. ed.
Part II. Containing the remainder of the Sulxtrder Nauti-
loidea, consisting of the families Lituitid^, Trochoceratidte,
Nantilidffi, and Supplement. Pp. xxviii., 407. 86 Wood-
cuts. [With Systematic Index, snd Alphabetical Index
of Qenera and Spedes, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo, 15t^
A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and
the Sange in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry
Woodwud, F.B.S. Pp. xii., 1£5. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1877, 8vo. St.
CaUlogue of the Blaetoidea In the Geological Departmeut of the
British Mnseiun (Natural Hiiitorv), with an account of the
morphology and systematic position of the group, and a revision
of the genera and species. By Robert Etheridge, jun., of tbC
DepartmePt of Geolc^, British Mu»eum (Xntui-al lliitory),
and P. Herbert CaipentBr, D.Sc., F.K.S., F.L.S. (of Eton
College). [With Preface by Dr. H. Woodward. Table id
Contents, General Index, Expiaaations of the Plateti, &c.] Pg,
ST., 822. 20 Platt.-s. 1886, 4 to. 25«.
Chtdoffae of the Fofsil Sponges in the GeoIt^icalDeputmeniof
tba Britiab Unaenm (Natural Histor)'). With deacriptiona cl
uvir ami lillli- kiii-wn specif*. By <ie*irg.> .inuiiiigs Hinde,
Ph.D., y.a.S. Pp. viii,, 24S. 38 Plal.3. [With n Tubular
Lint of Species, arranged in Zoologii^al ami Strutifoiiphical
Mcquenca, and an AlpbsK'ticnl Index.] 188>i, 4t(>. U. 10(.
1
Mtfi" oe puBiJcATioxs or thb
Catalogue of the FosL-il FomminiferB io tJie Itrilish Jdnneum
(Nftlur*! Histwv). By Professor T. auwat .Jnm's F.R,S.,
Jtu. Fp/rxiv.'llX). [Willi Goographiciil iiwi Alphobelk-al
lodexe*.] 1S82. Hv.i. B*.
OaUilogiM of Iho riilwoRoic Pliiijto in thn Depu-tnieiit of Geology
And I*aljw)ntt>logy, British Musenm (Nmunil Hiaiory). By
Kobeit KiMoii. F.fl-S. Pp. wiii.. 2^8. [Will, a UnI of works
qiioteil, and nn InJcx.j ltl»6, Svo. Sf.
Cnlttlogue of tilt! ilewiitoic PlanU ill the Depart rat- iit of flwilogjr,
British Museum {Nftliirftl History). The Wcaldfin Flora.
Kv A. C. SewBi-d. M.A.. F.G.S., Uni-rersity U'utui-er la
JioiaaVi Carabridgi.'.
Tan I. Tl.idlophyUi— Pteridc^hyta. Pp. sxuriil., 179 : 17
WoodcBls and 11 Plates. [With Prefiice byOr. Woodward,
Alphabetit^al Index of Genera, Species, Ktc, KxplooatlonB
of tiMj PlatM, Ac] 1894. 8vo. I0».
Port II. avinnoHpermw. Pp. viit.. 259. 9 WoodouU asd
20 PIat«e.* [With AlphnWical Index, Explaaatioua of the
Plales, d.e.] 1BB6. Pvo. 15».
GUIDE-BOOKS.
(To be ohlaitu-tl onlt/ at the M»^tum.)
t'Guide to the British MuMum (XaUirsI WMory),
— «d. London, S.W. [By W. H. Flow«r.] With 2
'H of tliP bnildinp. an<l on illustrated TOv^^^, Pp. 80.
"1R95,'8to. nrf.
Guide to the Gnllerics of MammnUa {Mammalian, Osteological,
Olftcpan) in the Departm<'iit of Zoology of the British Mascum
(Nntiiral History). [Bv A. Gaulher.] 5th Edition. Pp. 126.
57 Woodculs and 2 Plans. Index. 1891, 8vo. 6rf.
Guide to the Galleries of Bi'iitiles and Fishes in the Department of
Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). [By A.
Gunther] 3rd Kdition. Pp. iv., 1 19. 101 Woodcuts und 1
Plan. Index. 1893, 8vo. 6d.
QuiAe to the Sliell iind Starfish Galleries (Mollusca, Echinoder-
mata, Vermes), in the Department of Zoology of the British
Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 2nd Edition.
Pp. iv., 74. 51 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1S88, 8vo. 4(/.
A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries of the Department of Geology
and Palfeontology in the British Museum (Natural Hiatoryj,
Cromwell Road, London, SW. [New Edition. By Henry
Woodward.]—
Part I. Fossil Mammals and Birds. Pp. xii,, 103. 119
Woo-leut- and I Pbn- 18iK>, 8vo. (W.
Fof^sii Repliles, Fishes, and InviTtobi'ates, Pp.
BRTTCSH MUSEUM (NATURAIi HISTORY).
19
'Guide to the Collection of Fossil Fishes in the Department of
G^logy and Palseontoiogj, British Mnseum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, South Kensington. [By Henry Woodward.]
2nd Edition. I^. 61. 81 Woodcuts. Index. 1888 8vo. 4rf.
Gaide to Sowerby's Models of British Fungi in the Department of
Botany, British Museum (Natural History). Bv Worthington
G. Smith, F.L.S. Pp. 82. 93 Woodcuts. \Vith Table of
Diagnostic Characters and Index. 1893, 8vo. 4d.
Ghiide to the Briti.sh Mycetozoa exhibited in the Department of
Botany, British iMuseuni (Natural History). By Arthur Lister,
F.L.S. Pp. 42. 44 Woodcuts. Index. 1895, 8vo. Sd.
A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural
History). [By L. Fletcher.'] Pp 32. Plan. 1895, 8vo. Id.
An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to the
Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Koid, S.W. By L. Fletcher. Pp. 120. With
numerous Diagrams, a Plan of the Mineral (xallery, and an
Index. 1895, 8vo. 6d.
The Student's Indt^x to the Collection of Minerals, British Museum
(Natural History). [New Edition.] Pp. ,S3. With a Plan of
the Mineral Gallery. 1895, 8vo. 2d.
An Introduction to the Studv of Meteorites, ^vitll a List of the
Meteorites represented in the Collection. [By L. Fhteher.]
Pp. 94. [With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to
the Meteorites represented in the Collection. | 1^1/4, 8vo. 6<Z.
An IntHKiuction to the Study of Rocks. [By L. Fletcher.^ Pp.
118. [With plan of thr Mineral (iallery, tahle of Contents,
and Index. 1 1^95, 8yo. 6^.
W. H. FLOWKH,
Din ctor.
British Museum
(Natural History),
Cromwell Koad,
London, S.W.
Dteemlier 1st, is^.j.
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