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WELLESLEY COLLEGE
BULLETIN

CALENDAR

t920-I921

WELLESLEY, MASSACHUSETTS
JANUARY, ^921

PUBLISHED BY THE COLLEGE IN JANUARY, MAY, JUNE,
NOVEMBER, DECEMBER

Entered as second-class matter December 20, 1911, at the post-office, Wellesley,
Massachusetts, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894.

SERIES 10 ' NUMBER 1

WELLESLEY COLLEGE
CALENDAR

1920-1921

CORRESPONDENCE

All inquiries regarding admission should be addressed to the Secretary
to the Board of Admission.

Applications for general information should be addressed to Miss
Mary Caswell. As Secretary of the Appointment Bureau, Miss
Caswell is also prepared to furnish full and confidential information in
regard to the qualifications, character, and experience of former stu-
dents of the College as candidates for teaching and other vocations.
Former students of the College who wish situations have the aid of the
Appointment Bureau.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

AND

cokrespondence .
Calendar ....
Board of Trustees

Standing Committees .
Officers of Instruction
Government .

Standing Committees .
Foundation and Purpose
Admission ....

Definition of Requirements

Examinations

To Advanced Standing

Of Candidates for M.A. Degree

Of Students not Candidates for

a Degree

Courses of Instruction: —

Archaeology , Classical .

Art

Astronomy

Biblical History ....

Botany

Chemistry

Economics

Education

English Literature

English Composition .

English Language . . . .

French

Geology and Geography

German

Greek

History

S
6
7

22
23

47
48

50
SI
55
57
59
66
68
73
76
83
85
86
90
94
99
102

Hygiene 108

PAGE

Italian 117

Latin 119

Mathematics 123

Music 127

Philosophy and Psychology . 134

Physics 139

Reading and Speaking . . . 141

Spanish 143

Zoology and Physiology . . 145

Examinations (College) ... 149
Degrees: —

Requirements for B.A. Degree . 149

Requirements for M.A. Degree . 152

Expenses 152

Residence iS5

Health i5S

Fellowships and Scholarships . 156

For Graduates .... 156

For Undergraduates . . . I59

Founders Hall .... 165

Libraries 165

Gymnasium 166

Art Building and Collections . 166

Music Equipment . . . . 167
Laboratories and Scientific

Collections .... 168

Forms of Bequest . . . 172

Degrees Conferred in 1920 . 173

Certificates in Hygiene . . 175

Honor Scholarships . . . 176

Summary of Stltdents . . . 178

Officers OF Alumna AssocLATioN 179

Index 181

1920

1921

1922

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CALENDAR

Academic Year 1920-1921

Examinations September 20-23, 1920.

Academic year begins Monday, September 27.

Holiday, Thanksgiving Day, November 25.

Recess from 12.30 p.m. Thursday, December 16, 1920, until 12.30
p. M. Wednesday, January 5, 1921.
Registration closes for all students at 12.30 p. M. Wednesday, January 5.
Second Semester begins .... Monday, February 14.

Recess from 12.30 p. m. Thursday, March 24, until 12.30 p. m. Tues-
day, April 5.
Registration closes for all students at 12.30 p. m. Tuesday, April 5.

Commencement Monday, June 20.

Alumna Day Tuesday, June 21.

Academic Year 1921-1922

Examinations September 19-22, 1921.

Registration closes for new students at 10 p. m. Monday, September 19.
Registration closes for all other students at 10 p. m. Friday, September

23-
Halls of Residence open for new students at 9 a. m. Monday, September

19.
Halls of Residence open for all other students at 2 p. m. Thursday,

September 22.

Academic year begins Monday, September 26.

Holiday, Thanksgiving Day, November 24.

Recess from 12.30 p. m. Wednesday, December 14, 1921, until 12.30

p. M. Wednesday, January 4, 1922.
Registration closes for all students at 12.30 p. m. Wednesday, January 4.
Second Semester begins .... Monday, February 13.

Recess from 12.30 p. m. Friday, March 24, until 12.30 p.m. Tuesday

April 4.
Registration closes for all students at 12.30 p. m. Tuesday, April 4.

Commencement Tuesday, June 20.

Alumna Day Wednesday, June 21.

Trustees

1920-21

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

EDWIN FARNHAM GREENE, B.A Boston.

President of the Board.

WILLIAM HENRY LINCOLN .

Vice President.

SARAH LAWRENCE

BrookUne.

Boston.

Secretary.

Boston.

LEWIS KENNEDY MORSE, B.A., LL.B.
Treasurer.

WILLIAM FAIRFIELD WARREN, S.T.D., LL.D. . BrookUna.

LILIAN HORSFORD FARLOW Cambridge.

EDWIN HALE ABBOT, LL.B Cambridge.

LOUISE McCOY NORTH, M.A Madison, N.J.

ANDREW FISKE, Ph.D Boston.

GEORGE EDWIN HORR, D.D., LL.D. . . Newton Centre.

GEORGE HOWE DAVENPORT Boston.

WILLIAM EDWARDS HUNTINGTON, S.T.D., LL.D.,

Newton Centre.

WILLIAM BLODGET, B.A Chestnut Hill.

CAROLINE HAZARD, M.A., Litt.D., LL.D. . Peace Dale, R.I.
GEORGE HERBERT PALMER, M.A., Litt.D., L.H.D., LL.D.,

Cambridge.

EUGENE V. R. THAYER, B.A New York City.

GALEN L. STONE ....
PAUL HENRY HANUS, S.B., LL.D.
CANDACE CATHERINE STIMSON,
ALICE UPTON PEARMAIN, M.A.
BELLE SHERWIN, B.S. .
CHARLOTTE HOWARD CONANT, B.
ALFRED LAWRENCE AIKEN, M.A.
DAVID LINN EDSALL, M.D. .
JESSIE CLAIRE McDONALD, M.S.
ELLEN FITZ PENDLETON, M.A.

B.S,

BrookUne.

Cambridge.

New York City.

Boston.

. Willoughby,0.

Natick.

. Worcester.

Cambridge.

Washington, D.C.

Litt.D., LL.D.,

{ex officio) Wellesley College.

1920-21 Trustees

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Edwin Farnham Greene, Chairman.
Andrew Fiske. Candace Catherine Stimson.

George Howe Davenport. Ellen Fitz Pendleton {ex officio).

Galen L. Stone. Lewis Kennedy Morse {ex officio).

FINANCE COMMITTEE

William Blodget, Chairman.
Edwin Farnham Greene. Eugene V. R. Thayer.

Galen L. Stone. Lewis Kennedy Morse {ex officio).

COMMITTEE ON BUILDINGS

George Howe Davenport, Chairman.
Sarah Lawrence. Ellen Fitz Pendleton.

William Blodget. Edwin Farnham Greene.

Alice Upton Pearmain. Lewis Kennedy Morse.

COMMITTEE ON GROUNDS

Caroline Hazard, Chairman.
Lilian Horsford Farlow. Charlotte Howard Conant.

Belle Sherwin. Ellen Fitz Pendleton.

Galen L. Stone. Lewis Kennedy Morse.

LIBRARY COUNCIL

Trustee Members

George Herbert Palmer. Ellen Fitz Pendleton {ex officio).

Lilian Horsford Farlow. Lewis Kennedy Morse.

Faculty Members

Leah Brown Allen. Margaret Hastings Jackson.

Mabel Elisabeth Hodder. Helen Abbot Merrill.

Alice Huntington Bushee. Ethel Dane Roberts {ex officio).

1920-21 Faculty

OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION AND
GOVERNMENT^

ELLEN FITZ PENDLETON, M.A., Litt.D., LL.D.,
President.

SARAH FRANCES WHITING, Sc.D.,

Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Emeritus.

MARY ALICE WILLCOX, Ph.D.,
Professor of Zoology, Emeritus.

ANGIE CLARA CHAPIN, M.A.,

Professor of Greek Language and Literature, Emeritus.

KATHARINE LEE BATES,' M.A., Litt.D,,
Professor of English Literature.

ALICE VAN VECHTEN BROWN,

Clara Bertram Kimball Professor of Art.

MARY WHITON CALKINS, M.A., Litt.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Philosophy and Psychology.

ELLEN LOUISA BURRELL, B.A.,

Professor of Pure Mathematics, Emeritus.

HAMILTON CRAWFORD MACDOUGALL, Mus.D.,
Professor of Music.

ELIZABETH KIMB.\LL KEND.ALL, M.A., LL.B.,
Professor of History, Emeritus.

ADELINE BELLE HAWES, M.A.,

Professor of Latin Language and Literature.

MARGARETHE MtJLLER,

Professor of German Language and Literature.

SOPHIE CHANTAL HART, M.A.,

Professor of Rhetoric and Composition.

MARGARET CLAY FERGUSON,' Ph.D.,

Professor of Botany.

ELIZA HALL KENDRICK, Ph.D.,

Helen Day Gould Professor of Biblical History.

' The officers of instruction are arranged in three groups; the first group includes
professors and associate professors, the second instructors, and the third other officers.
2 Absent on Sabbatical leave.

10 Faculty 1920-21

ELIZABETH FLORETTE FISHER, B.S.,
Professor of Geology and Geography.

AMY MORRIS ROMANS, M.A.,

Professor of Hygiene, Emeritus.

MARGARET HASTINGS JACKSON,

Professor of Italian and Curator of the Frances Pearsons Plimp-
ton Library of Italian Literature.

MALVINA BENNETT, M.A.,

Professor of Reading and Speaking.

ARTHUR ORLO NORTON, M.A.,

Professor of the History and Principles of Education.

LOUISE SHERWOOD McDOWELL, Ph.D.,
Professor of Physics.

LOUIS PERDRIAU,^ Lie. :fcs L.,

Professor of French Language and Literature.

ANNA JANE McKEAG, Ph.D., LL.D.,

Professor of the History and Principles of Education.

EVA CHANDLER, B.A.,

Professor of Mathematics, Emeritus.

MARY SOPHIA CASE, B.A.,

Professor of Philosophy.
VIDA DUTTON SCUDDER,3 M.A.,

Professor of English Literature.

KATHARINE MAY EDWARDS, Ph.D.,

Professor of Greek and Comparative Philology.

CHARLOTTE ALMIRA BRAGG, B.S.,

Associate Professor of Chemistry.
MARGARET POLLOCK SHERWOOD, Ph.D., L.H.D.,

Professor of English Literature.
ADELAIDE IMOGENE LOCKE, B.A., S.T.B.,

Associate Professor of Biblical History.
HELEN ABBOT MERRILL, Ph.D.,

Professor of Mathematics.
MARIAN ELIZABETH HUBBARD, B.S.,

Professor of Zoology.

* Absent on Sabbatical leave.
3 Absent on leave.

1920-21 Faculty 11

ALICE WALTON, Ph.D.,

Professor of Latin and Archaeology,

ELEANOR ACHESON McCULLOCH GAMBLE, Ph.D.,

Professor of Psychology and Director of the Psychological Labo-
ratory.

ALICE VINTON WAITE, M.A.,

Professor of English Language and Literature.
Dean.

CLARENCE GRANT HAMILTON, M.A.,
Professor of Music.

LAURA EMMA LOCKWOOD, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of English Language.

MARTHA HALE SHACKFORD, Ph.D.,
Professor of English Literature.

CAROLINE REBECCA FLETCHER, M.A.,
Associate Professor of Latin.

JULIA SWIFT ORVIS, Ph.D.,

Professor of History.

NATALIE WIPPLINGER, Ph.D.,
Associate Professor of German.

GRACE EVANGELINE DAVIS," M.A.,

Associate Professor of Physics.

ROXANA HAYWARD VIVIAN, Ph.D.,

Professor of Mathematics and Director of the Department of
Hygiene.
CHARLES LOWELL YOUNG, B.A.,

Associate Professor of English Literature.

EDNA VIRGINIA M0FFETT,3 Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of History.

CAROLINE BURLING THOMPSON, Ph.D.,
Professor of Zoology.

MARTHA PIKE CONANT, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of English Literature.

AGNES FRANCES PERKINS, M.A.,

Associate Professor of Rhetoric and Composition.

3 Absent on leave.

* Absent on leave for the second semester.

12 Faculty 1920-21

MABEL ELISABETH HODDER, Ph.D.,
Professor of History.

LAETITIA MORRIS SNOW, Ph.D.,
Associate Professor of Botany.

WILLIAM SKARSTROM, M.D.,

Professor of Hygiene.
JOSEPHINE HARDING BATCHELDER,3 M.A.,

Associate Professor of Rhetoric and Composition.

CLARA ELIZA SMITH, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of Mathematics.

EUGENE CLARENCE HOWE, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of Hygiene.

AMY KELLY, M.A.,

Associate Professor of English Language and Composition.

JOHN CHARLES DUNCAN,^ Ph.D.,

Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Whitin Observatory.

JULIA ELEANOR MOODY, Ph.D.,
Associate Professor of Zoology.

ALICE IDA PERRY WOOD, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of English Literature.

MARY CAMPBELL BLISS, M.A.,
Assistant Professor of Botany.

ALICE HUNTINGTON BUSHEE, M.A.,
Associate Professor of Spanish.

EDWARD ELY CURTIS, Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor of History.

ELIZABETH WHEELER MANWARING, B.A.,

Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and Composition.

HELEN SOMERSBY FRENCH, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of Chemistry.
MURIEL ANNE STREIBERT, B.A., B.D.,
Assistant Professor of Biblical History.

ALFRED DWIGHT SHEFFIELD, M.A.,

Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and Composition.

MABEL ANNIE STONE, M.A.,
Assistant Professor of Botany.
» Absent on leave.

1920-21 Faculty 13

LAURA ALANDIS HIBBARD, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of English Literature.

MARY JEAN LANIER, B.S.,

Associate Professor of Geology and Geography.

OLIVE DUTCHER, M.A., B.D.,

Associate Professor of Biblical History.

FRANCES LOWATER, Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor of Physics.

EUNICE CLARA SMITH-G0ARD,3 M.A.,
Assistant Professor of French.

MABEL MINERVA YOUNG, Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor of Mathematics.

ALICE MARIA OTTLEY,^ M.A.,

Assistant Professor of Botany.

MYRTILLA AVERY, B.L.S., M.A.,
Assistant Professor of Art.

JANE ISABEL NEWELL, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of Economics and Sociology.

HOWARD EDWARD PULLING, Ph.D.,
Associate Professor of Botany.

ANNIE KIMBALL TUELL, M.A.,

Assistant Professor of English Literature and Composition.

ANNA BERTHA MILLER, Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor of Latin.

LENNIE PHOEBE COPELAND, Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor of Mathematics.

MARY FLORENCE CURTIS, Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor of Mathematics.

LOUISE PETTIBONE SMITH, Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor of BibUcal History.

SEAL TH0MPS0N,3 M.A.,

Assistant Professor of Biblical History.

HORACE BIDWELL ENGLISH, Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor of Psychology.

3 Absent on leave.

14 Faculty 1920-21

JUDITH BLOW WILLIAMS, Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor of History.

LUCY WILSON, Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor of Physics.

HELEN SARD HUGHES, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of Rhetoric and Composition.
BARNETTE MILLER, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of History.

ALICE MIDDLETON BORING, Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor of Zoology.

FRANCES LESTER WARNER, B.A.,

Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and Composition.

ELIZABETH DONNAN, B.A.,

Assistant Professor of Economics and Sociology.

FRANCES FENTON BERNARD, Ph.D.,

Assistant Professor of Economics and Sociology.

ELIZABETH PARKER HUNT, Ph.B.,

Assistant Professor of Reading and Speaking.

MARY AMERMAN GRIGGS, Ph.D.,

Associate Professor of Chemistry.

BLANCHE CONORTON, Agregee d'histoire.
Visiting Professor of French.

HELENE BXMLERT BULLOCK, M.A.,

Instructor in Rhetoric and Composition.

EMILY JOSEPHINE HURD,
Instructor in Pianoforte.

ALBERT THOMAS FOSTER,
Instructor in Violin.

LEAH BROWN ALLEN, M.A.,
Instructor in Astronomy.

BLANCHE FRANCIS BROCKLEBANK,
Instructor in Pianoforte.

EDITH MARGARET SMAILL,

Instructor in Reading and Speaking.

EDNA BARRETT MANSHIP,
Instructor in Hygiene.

1920-21 Faculty 15

MARGARET JOHNSON,

Instructor in Hygiene.
MATHILDE BOUTRON-DAMAZY, B. I:s L.,

Instructor in French.
HELEN ISABEL DAVIS, B.A.,

Instructor in Horticulture and Landscape Gardening.
BERTHA KNICKERBOCKER STRAIGHT.s B.A.,

Instructor in Art.
ELIZABETH HALSEY, Ph.B.,

Instructor in Hygiene.
ANGELA PALOMO, B.A.,

Instructor in Spanish.
MARY SOPHIE HAAGENSEN,

Instructor in Hygiene.

MARGARET TERRELL PARKER, B.S.,

Instructor in Geology and Geography.

FLORA ISABEL MACKINNON,^ M.A.,
Instructor in Philosophy.

DOROTHY WARNER DENNIS, B.A.,
Instructor in French.

ADA MAY COE, B.A.,

Instructor in Spanish.

LILLIAN ELOISE BAKER,s M.A.,
Instructor in Chemistry.

FLORENCE BEARD BRACQ, M.A.,

Instructor in French.

JOSEPH GOUDREAULT,

Instructor in Vocal Music.

MARGARET ALGER HAYDEN, M.A.,
Instructor in Zoology.

MARY BOWEN BRAINERD, Ph.D.,
Instructor in English Literature.

MARTHE PUGNY,

Instructor in French.

HELEN BARTON, B.A.,

Instructor in Mathematics.

5 Appointed for the first semester only.
* Appointed for the second semester only.

16 Faculty 1920-21

MARION ELIZABETH STARK, M.A.,
Instructor in Mathematics.

RUTH ELVIRA CLARK, Litt.D.,
Instructor in French.

RAYMOND CLARK ROBINSON,

Instructor in Musical Theory.

HARRY EDWARD BROWN, B.A.,
Instructor in Hygiene.

MARY REES MULLINER, M.D.,

Instructor in Hygiene.

BREWER GODDARD WHITMORE, M.A.,
Instructor in History.

GLADYS PRISCILLA HAINES, B.A.,
Instructor in French.

KATHARINE CANBY BALDERSTON, M.A.,

Instructor in English Literature.

ELISABETH WILKINS THOMAS, M.A.,
Instructor in Rhetoric and Composition.

MARGERY CLAIRE CARLSON, M.S.,
Instructor in Botany.

HELEN STILLWELL THOMAS, M.A.,
Instructor in Botany.

HAZEL BRILL JACKSON,?
Instructor in Modelling.

MARIE ELIZABETH PONSOLLE, Professorat (langues),
Instructor in French.

LEILA RUTH ALBRIGHT, M.A.,

Instructor in Economics and Sociology.

MARION BANCKER, M.A.,

Instructor in Economics and Sociology.

OLGA SPENCER HALSEY, M.A.,

Instructor in Economics and Sociology.

BEATRICE ALLARD BROOKS, B.A.,
Instructor in BibUcal History.

1 Appointed for the winter term only.

1920-21 Faculty 17

MARGARET BANCROFT, M.A.,
Instructor in History.

FRANCES BRADSHAW BLANSHARD, M.A.,
Instructor in Rhetoric and Composition.

HARRIET BOYD HAWES, M.A., L.H.D.,

Instructor in Art.

FANNY GARRISON, B.A.,
Assistant in Hygiene.

RUTH MARGERY ADDOMS, B.A.,
Assistant in Botany.

MIRIAM LOUISE MERRITT, Mus.B.
Assistant in Music.

MARGARET ESTHER ELLIOTT, B.S.,

Assistant in Zoology.

ELLEN ARMSTRONG, B.A.,

Assistant in Botany.

HILDA LYDIA BEGEMAN, B.A.,

Assistant in Physics.

ELVIE LYONA BISHOP, M.A.,

Assistant in Physics.

FRANCES VANDERVOORT TRIPP, B.A.,

Assistant in Geology and Geography.

ANNA PARKER FESSENDEN, M.S.,
Assistant in Botany.

HARRIET VOSE, M.A.,
Assistant in Zoology.

ELEANOR DEWEY MASON, B.A.,

Assistant in Zoology.

ALBERT PITTS MORSE,

Curator of Zoology Museum and Lecturer in Entomology

GLADYS ADAMS TURNBACH, B.A.,

Art Museum Assistant in Charge.

EDWARD ERASTUS BANCROFT, M.A., M.D.,

Consulting Physician.

MABEL AUSTIN SOUTHARD, M.D.,
Lecturer on Special Hygiene.

18 Faculty 1920-21

ELIZA JACOBUS NEWKIRK, M.A.,

Lecturer in History of Architecture.

GORDON BOIT WELLMAN, Th.D.,
Lecturer in Biblical History.

DONALD SKEELE TUCKER, M.A.,
Lecturer in Economics.

ETHEL DANE ROBERTS, B.A., B.L.S.,
Librarian.

ANTOINETTE BRIGHAM PUTNAM METCALF, M.A.,
Associate and Reference Librarian.

LILLA WEED, M.A.,

Associate Librarian.

HELEN MOORE LAWS, B.A.,
Cataloguer.

JULIA CLEMMA KNOWLTON, Ph.B., B.L.S.,
Librarian of Mary Hemenway Hall.

EDITH SUSAN WHITAKER, M.A.,
Alice Freeman Palmer Fellow.

1920-21 Officers of Administration 19

OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION

ELLEN FITZ PENDLETON, M.A., Litt.D., LL.D.,

PRESroENT.

ALICE VINTON WAITE, MA.,
Dean.
Professor of English Language and Literature.

EDITH SOUTHER TUFTS, M.A.,
Dean of Residence.

KATHARINE PIATT RAYMOND, B.S., M.D.,

Resident Physician.

MARY CASWELL,

Secretary to the President.

MARY FRAZER SMITH, B.A.,
College Recorder.

MARIE LOmSE STOCKWELL, B.A.,

Assistant Secretary to the President.

FRANCES LOUISE KNAPP, B.A.,

Secretary to the Board of Admission.

MARIAN GIBBS MILNE, B.A.,
Secretary to the Dean.

BERTHA LYDIA CASWELL,

Purchasing Agent.

EVELYN AMELIA MUNROE, B.A.,
Cashier.

CHARLOTTE SCOTT WHITON,
Purveyor.

MARY SNOW,

Head of Washington House.
HELEN WILLARD LYMAN, B.A.,

Head of the Elms and Joslin House.

HARRIET LESTER,

Head of Shafer Hall.

MABEL PRIEST DANIEL, B.A..
Head of Cazenove Hall.

20 Officers of Administration 1920-21

EFFIE JANE BUELL,

Head of Pomeroy Hall.

CHARLOTTE HENDERSON CHADDERDON,
Head of Claflin HaU.

ELIZABETH BURROUGHS WHEELER,
Head of Eliot House.

KATHARINE HARRIS,

Head of Little House.

FANNIE PADDOCK MILLER,^

Head of the Elms and Joslin House.

ALICE LILLIAN McGREGOR,
Head of Beebe Hall.

HARRIET HATTON MAYNARD,
Head of Townsend House.

ALICE VARNEY WARD,
Head of Tower Court.

MARTHA FAY CLARKE,

Head of Leighton House.

MARY HUBBARD MORSE RICHARDSON,
Head of the Homestead.

JESSIE ANN ENGLES,

Head of Crofton House and Ridgeway Refectory.

JOSEFA VICTORIA RANTZIA STALLKNECHT,
Head of Lovewell House.

VIOLA FLORENCE SNYDER,
Head of Noanett House.

ADALINE FOOTE HAWLEY, B.A.,

Head of the Birches.
ELVIRA GENEVIEVE BRANDAU,

Head of Wood House.

FRANCES RAYNOR MEAKER,^

Head of Webb House.
MARY HALE YOUNG,s B.S.,

Head of Webb House.

3 Absent on leave.

5 Appointed for the first semester only.

' Appointed for the second semester only.

1920-21 Officers of Administration 21

HELEN SEYMOUR CLIFTON,
Head of Freeman House.

LUCY DOW CUSHING, B.A.,
Head of Wilder HaU.

CHARLOTTE MARY HASSETT,

Head of Clinton and Harris Houses.

BELLE MORGAN WARDWELL, B.S.,
Head of Norumbega House.

CARRIE IRISH,

Head of Stone Hall.

ETHEL ISABELLA FOSTER,
Head of Fiske House.

FLORENCE IRENE TUCKER, B.A.,
Assistant to the Purveyor.

LEILA BURT NYE,

Manager of Post Office.

AMY HARDING NYE,

Manager of the Information Bureau.

HENRY HERBERT AUSTIN, B.S.,

Superintendent of the College Plant.

FREDERICK DUTTON WOODS, B.S.,

Superintendent of Grounds.

22 Standing Committees 1920-21

STANDING COMMITTEES

Board or Admission. — Misses Bragg, Perkins, Walton (Chairman)
Young; the Dean ex officio.

Committee on Graduate Instruction. — Misses Hibbard, Kendrick,
McDowell, McKeag (Chairman), Miller, Mr. Pulling; the Dean ex officio.

Library Committee. — Misses Roberts (Chairman), Allen, Bushee,
Jackson, Merrill; Mrs. Hodder; the President and Librarians ex oificio.

Committee on Instruction. — Dean Waite (Chairman ex oificio),
Misses Hart, Moody, Shackford, Clara Smith, Snow; Mrs. Hodder.

Committee on Academic Requests. — Dean Waite (Chairman ex
officio), Misses Grace Davis, Dutcher, Edwards, Fletcher, French, Newell.

Committee on Constitutions. — Miss Conant; Messrs. Curtis, Shef-
field (Chairman).

Faculty Members in Senate oe College Government Asso-
ciation.— President Pendleton, ex officio; Misses Kendrick, Manwaring,
Stone. Tufts.

1920-21 Foundation and Purpose 23

WELLESLEY COLLEGE

Wellesley, Massachusetts

FOUNDATION AND PURPOSE

Wellesley College was established for the purpose of
furnishing to young women who desire to obtain a Uberal
education such advantages and facihties as are enjoyed in
institutions of the highest grade. The first building of the
College, erected and equipped under the supervision and
through the personal means of the founder, was opened to
students in 1875, with the announced purpose "of giving to
young women opportunities for education equivalent to those
usually provided in colleges for young men." Throughout
bis work the founder aimed to put into visible form his ideal
of the higher education for women, ''the supreme develop-
ment and unfolding of every power and faculty."

By the charter, granted by the Commonwealth of Massa-
chusetts, "the corporation of Wellesley College is authorized
to grant such honorary testimonials, and confer such honors,
degrees, and diplomas, as are granted or conferred by any
University, College, or Seminary of learning in this Com-
monwealth; and the diplomas so granted shall entitle the
possessors to the immunities and privileges allowed by usage
or statute to the possessors of like diplomas from any Uni-
versity, College, or Seminary of learning in this Common-
wealth."

In accordance with the spirit of the founder, the College is
undenominational, but distinctively Christian in its influence,
discipline, and instruction.

The members of the College meet daily for morning prayers
in the beautiful chapel presented in 1899 by Miss Elizabeth
G. Houghton and Mr. Clement S. Houghton as a memorial to
their father. Services on Sunday are conducted in this chapel
by preachers of different denominations. At all these services
and at vespers on Sunday, the singing is led by a trained choir
of students under the direction of the professor of music.

The Wellesley College Christian Association, organized to
foster religious life and interest in social reforms and in home
and foreign missions, meets weekly for prayer and religious
instruction.

The department of Biblical Hjstory affords the systematic
study of the Bible required of all students.

24 Admission 1920-21

ADMISSION

In order to qualify for admission to Wellesley College an
applicant must be at least sixteen years of age and must present
satisfactory evidence of her ability to make good use of the
opportunities offered by the College. This evidence must in-
clude satisfactory testimonials concerning character, health, and
scholarship.

AppHcations for admission should be made upon forms which
will be furnished on request. An appUcation fee of $io is
required of all applicants and no registration is recorded until
this fee is received. (See page 1 54.) The date of appUcation
is used as a basis in assigning rooms in college houses. Since
the number of students to be admitted is limited by the capacity
of class rooms, it is necessary to close the application hst
several years in advance. After the regular list for a given year
is closed, promising students may be registered on a waiting
list. The waiting list is on a competitive basis, that is, the
date of appUcation wiU not be considered in admitting from
this list; the Board of Admission will select the candidates who,
in their judgment, from the evidence submitted, are the best
qualified to profit by a course of study at Wellesley CoUege.

ADMISSION TO THE FRESHMAN CLASS

The normal coUege preparatory course of four years with four
units each year, allows for sixteen units. For admission to the
freshman class, a candidate must fulfill the requirements in
fifteen units in subjects chosen from the Ust which foUows.
The subjects prescribed for all students are indicated by the
word "required" after the subject. A unit represents a year's
study in any subject constituting approximately a quarter of
the full year's work or 120 sixty-minute hours 'of classroom
work, two hours of laboratory work being equivalent to one
hour of classroom work.

1920-21 Admission 25

subjects accepted for admission

English 3 units Required 3 units

Latin 4 units Required 4 units

Additional foreign Language . . 2-4 units Required 2 units

Greek 2-3 units

French 2-4 units

German 2-4 units

Spanish 2-3 units

Italian 2-3 units

Mathematics 3-4 units

Algebra 2 units ^ t^ • ,

Plane Geometry i unit )

*Solid Geometry >^ unit

*Trigonometry }^ unit

History 1-3 units Required i unit

fAncient i unit

American i unit

English I imit

Mediaeval and Modern . . i unit

Modem European .... i unit
Science 1-2 units

Biology I unit

Botany . . . .^ i unit

Chemistry i unit

Physics I unit

Physical Geography . . . . i unit

Zoology I unit

Harmony i unit

Good students who are candidates for admission by the new
plan may be allowed a choice of one of the two elective units
from subjects not listed above, with the consent of the Board
of Admission, provided the course offered is of non-technical
character.

With the consent of the Board of Admission, the privilege
of some substitution within the regularly prescribed course
of study may be extended to candidates whose preparation is
made under exceptional conditions, so that the ordinary require-
ments cannot be met.

The two methods of admission are by examination in all
subjects (see pages 42-44) and by the New Plan (see pages
45-47).

•A half unit of either Solid Geometry or Trigonometry is not accepted unless a half unit
in the other is also presented, making one full unit of Mathematics.

tAll students are advised to offer Ancient History for admission. When two or three
units of History are offered, it is required that one unit shall be Ancient History.

26 Admission 1920-21

A place on the list of candidates for admission will not be
reserved for an applicant whose credentials filed in July do
not satisfactorily cover twelve of the fifteen units required
for admission. The Board of Admission require examination
in September in all units not satisfactorily covered, and
reserve the right to exclude any candidate whose preparation
is in their judgment so defective as to debar her from carrying
successfully the work of the freshman year.

Blank forms for the school record and principal's recom-
mendation will be sent for all registered applicants during their
final year of preparation. Failure to file these or other required
records at the time specified on the blanks may be considered
by the Board of Admission as equivalent to cancelling the
application.

A statement from the applicant's physician to the effect that
she is organically sound and in good health, together with a
certificate of vaccination must be filed with the Secretary to
the Board of Admission before June first of the year in which
admission is sought. Blank forms for these health reports
will be sent to each registered applicant in the spring previous
to her proposed entrance. Before a candidate is formally
accepted she is given a thorough physical examination. The
College reserves the right to reject any candidate if the results
of this examination in the opinion of the medical staff justify
such action or to accept the candidate only on the understand-
ing that she will take five years to complete the course.

The student who has met all entrance requirements is
qualified for immediate matriculation for the Baccalaureate
degree m Arts.

All communications concerning admission should be addressed
to the Secretary to the Board of Admission, Wellesley College,
Wellesley, Mass.

DEFINITION OF REQUIREMENTS

The number enclosed in parentheses following the subject indicates the
number of units assigned to that subject; that is, the number of years with
five recitations a week which will normally be required in the secondary
school for adequate preparation in the subject.

ENGLISH (3)

The study of English in school has two main objects: (i)
command of correct and clear English, spoken and written;

1920-21 Admission 27

(2) ability to read with accuracy, intelligence, and apprecia-
tion, and the development of the habit of reading good Utera-
ture with enjoyment.

Qrammar and Composition.

The first object requires instruction in grammar and compo-
sition. English grammar should ordinarily be reviewed in the
secondary school; and correct spelling and grammatical accu-
racy should be rigorously exacted in connection with all written
work during the four years. The principles of English com-
position governing punctuation, the use of words, sentences,
and paragraphs should be thoroughly mastered; and practice
in composition, oral as well as written, should extend throughout
the secondary school period. Written exercises may well com-
prise letter-writing, narration, description, and easy exposition
and argument. It is advisable that subjects for this work be
taken from the student's personal experience, general knowledge,
and studies other than EngUsh, as well as from her reading in
literature. Finally, special instruction in language and com-
position should be accompanied by concerted effort of teachers
in all branches to cultivate in the student the habit of using
good English in her recitations and various exercises, whether
oral or written.

To meet the requirement in Composition, there should be practice in
writing equivalent to weekly themes the first two years, and fortnightly
themes the last two years of the preparatory course. Themes should be
accompanied by simple outlines. The following books are suggested:
Scott and Denney's Composition — Rhetoric; Neal's Thought Building in
Composition; Robins and Perkins's Introduction to the Study of Rhetoric
supplemented by Herrick and Damon's Composition and Rhetoric; Shack-
ford and Judson's Composition — Rhetoric — Literature; Manly and Rickert's
The Writing of English.

Literature.

The second object is sought by means of the reading and
study of a number of books, from which may be framed a pro-
gressive course in literature covering four years. The student
should be trained in reading aloud and be encouraged to
commit to memory notable passages both in verse and
in prose. As an aid to Hterary appreciation, she is further
advised to acquaint herself with the most important facts
in the lives of the authors whose works she reads and with
their place in literary history. A few of these books should be

28 Admission 1920-21

read with special care, greater stress being laid upon form and
style, the exact meaning of words and phrases, and the under-
standing of allusions.

A. Reading.

The aim of this course is to foster in the student the habit of intelligent
reading and to develop a taste for good literature, by giving her a first-
hand knowledge of some of its best specimens. She should read the books
carefully, but her attention should not be so fixed upon details that she fails
to appreciate the main purpose and charm of what she reads.

Suggestions for books to be read b}^ students who intend to take the com-
prehensive examination include the following list with some additions.
Knowledge of the subject-matter of particular books is not necessary for
this type of examination, but the requisite abihty cannot be gained without
a systematic and progressive study of good Hterature.

With a view to some freedom of choice, the books provided for reading
are arranged in the following groups, from each of which at least two selec-
tions are to be made, except that for any book in Group I a book from
any other may be substituted.

Group I. Classics in Translation. The Old Testament, at least the chief
narrative episodes in Genesis, Exodus, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, and
Daniel, together with the books of Ruth and Esther; the Odyssey, with
the omission, if desired, of Books I-V, XV, and XVI; the jEneid; the Odys^
sey and the Mneid should be read in English translations of recognized Uter-
ary excellence.

Group II. Drama. Shakespeare: Merchant of Venice, As You Like It,
Julius Ccesar.

Group III. Prose Fiction. Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities; George
Eliot: Silas Mar ner; Scott: Quentin Durward; Hawthorne: The House of
the Seven Gables.

Group IV. Essays, Biography, etc. Addison and Steele: The Sir
Roger de Coverley Papers; Irving: The Sketch Book — selections covering
about 175 pages; Macaulay: Lord Clive; Parkman: The Oregon Trail.

Group V. Poetry. Tennyson: The Coming of Arthur, Gar eth and Lyn-
ette, Lancelot and Elaine, The Passing of Arthur; Browning: Cavalier Tunes,
The Lost Leader, How they Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix, Home
Thoughts from Abroad, Home Thoughts from the Sea, Iticident of the French
Camp, Herve Riel, Pheidippides, My Last Duchess, Up at a Villa — Down
in the City, The Italian in England, The Patriot, Tlie Pied Piper, ^^De Gusti-
bus" — , Instans Tyrannus; Scott: The Lady of the Lake; Coleridge: The
Ancient Mariner; Arnold: Sohrab and Rustum.

B. Study.

This part of the requirement is intended as a natural and logical contin-
uation of the student's earlier reading, with greater stress laid upon form
and style, the exact meaning of words and phrases, and the understanding

1920-21 Admission 29

of allusions. The books provided for study are arranged in four groups,
from each of which one selection is to be made.

Group I. Drama. Shakespeare: Macbeth, or Hamlet.

Group II. Poetry. Milton: V Allegro, II Penseroso, Comtis; Book IV
of Palgrave's Golden Treasury (First Series), with special attention to Words-
worth, Keats, and Shelley.

Group III. Oratory. Burke: Speech on Conciliation with America;
Washington's Farewell Address; Webster's First Bunker Hill Oration;
Lincoln's Gettysburg A ddress.

Group IV. Essays. Macaulay: Life of Johnson; Carlyle: Essay on
Burns, with a brief selection from Burns's Poems.

HISTORY (1,2 or 3)
Prescribed Unit

A full year course in one of the following subjects: —
(i) Ancient History, including a brief introductory study
of the earlier nations, but with special emphasis on Greek
History to the death of Alexander, and on Roman History to
the death of Charlemagne.

(2) English History, with due regard to social and political
development.

(3) American History, with the elements of Civil Government.

(4) Mediaeval and Modern History.

(5) Modern European History.

Candidates are advised to offer the course in Ancient History
as a part of their preparation.

In the subject chosen, the student should acquire accurate knowledge
of the history as presented in a standard text-book of not less than 300
pages, and should read such fuller authorities as may be available, in amount
not less than 500 pages. Some practice in drawing maps to illustrate ter-
ritorial changes, in making digests of lectures and reading, and in preparing
verbal or written reports on subjects assigned for individual investigation
is essential to successful work. For further suggestions about preparation
students are referred to Document 96 of the College Entrance Examination
Board.

Elective Units

A candidate may offer one or two of the five subjects men-
tioned above as additional units in History, provided that one
of the units offered is Ancient History.

MATHEMATICS (3 or 4)

Algebra. — Factors, Common Divisors and Multiples, Ratio
and Proportion, Theory of Exponents including Imaginaries,

30 Admission 1920-21

Radicals and Equations involving Radicals, Inequalities, Quad-
ratic Equations (including the theory), Binomial Theorem,
Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions, Graphical Methods.

Plane Geometry. — As found in Chauvenet, or its equivalent.

Deficiency in preparation usually results from one or more of the following
causes: the use of text-books which are too elementary, insufficient time
spent in preparation, neglect of exercises in original demonstration in
Geometry, and of reviews in both Algebra and Geometry. It is strongly
urged that there be constant exercise in original demonstration in Geometry,
with frequent written examinations in both Algebra and Geometry, the prob-
lems proposed being drawn from other sources than the text-books.

Solid Geometry and Trigonometry. — The requirement is
met by the courses outlined in the report of the College Entrance
Examination Board, Document 96. A half unit of either
subject without the other may not be counted for admission.

LATIN (4)

Candidates should be familiar with the forms and sjmtax
of the language and possess a vocabulary sufficient to trans-
late Latin into idiomatic EngHsh and EngHsh into correct
Latin. They should also be able to translate at sight Latin
prose and poetry of moderate difficulty and to read Latin prose
and verse according to the Roman method of pronunciation
with strict attention to vowel quantities. To attain such pro-
ficiency not less than five forty-minute periods a week for four
years should be given to the study of Latin. The amount of
prepared reading should not be less than four books of Caesar's
Gallic War, seven Orations of Cicero (counting the Manihan
Law as two) and six books of Vergil's iEneid. The reading may
be selected from other works of the authors named above or
from other suitable authors, but must include the pro Archia
and two other Orations of Cicero and two books of the ^neid.

It is of special importance that practice in writing easy
Latin at sight should be continued throughout the entire period
of preparation in connection with the reading of the Latin au-
thors. In the last year special attention should be given to
translating continuous EngHsh into Latin both in the prepared
and sight work.

Suggestions Concerning Preparation

Exercises in translation at sight should begin in school with the first
lessons in which Latin sentences of any length occur, and should continue
throughout the course with sufficient frequency to insure correct methods

1920-21 Admission 31

lZZ\T •"'' "l'"/ the student. From the outset particular attention
should be given to deyelopmg the ability to take in the meaning of each
word-and so graduaUy, of the whole sentence-just as it stands- the
sentence should be read and understood in the order of the o^na ' w th
fuU appreciation of the force of each word as it comes, so far as fhlcan be
known or mferred from that which has preceded, and from the form and
the position of the word itself. The habit of reading in this way Sd be
encouraged and cultivated as the best preparation for all the trlnslaUng
that the student has to do. No translation, however, should be a mechanf
inl of'ftf '''• '^°' ?°"" " ^' ^ ■""= '°»« parapllrase. The fuTmTn
Zl finirr^' '° be translated, gathered hi the way described aZe
should finaUy be expressed m clear and natural English
A written e.^mmation cannot test the ear or tongue, but proper instruc
hlT ""y.'^r"^'' r" °"^^^'"y '"^'"de the traLmg of both Th
from d,Tr "^ ^"J"' '^'f'!''' '^""^^ '"''"de much reading aloud; writl
rom dictation and translation from the teacher's reading. Learn nlu"^
able passages by heart is also verj- useful, and should be more praS

of The Utin IhTd'-'"" ^t""' «"" "'^ ='"^»' ' ''^«" undersunding
Uie Latin she is readmg at the tmie, and greater facility in reading.

For a hst of the te.xts on which the ordinary examinations of the Col-
ege Examination Board will be based in 1921-1922, students are re
ferred to Document 96 of the College Entrance E.xamination Bolrd

The teachers of Latin in the preparatory schools are urged to
insist upon the use of good English in translation. ^

whoDlan M^.W. '"'' i^strongIy recommended to candidates
wno plan to elect courses m Latin in college

Ability to read at sight easy French or German prose is of
great advantage to aU classical students.

GREEK (2 or 3)
2 Unit Requirement

.r^^'^'TV^^ ^''^'' ^^^'' ^^^ '^"^^^t should acquire a knowl-
edge of the language sufficient to enable her

(ij To translate at sight simple passages of Attic prose and
to answer questions on ordinary forms and constructions

{2) lo translate mto Greek a passage of connected EnMic^li
narrative, based on Xenophon. ^onnectea ii^nglish

'iu\^^? ^^^^ ^^'^^^ ^^^^^ ^th correct pronunciation and
with fuU expression of the sense of the passage.

PRESCRIBED STUDY

(i) Grammar: Inflections; simpler rules for composition and
derivation of words: use of cases; construction of sciences

^)^Prn.?r' ''^"v '° '^^ "^^ ^°^ «^^°'"g^ of the moods '
(2) Prose Composition: Regular practice in writmg or speak-

32 Admission 1920-21

ing Greek, with at least twenty written exercises, including some
connected passages.

(3) Three books of Xenophon's Anabasis, or its equivalent.

Suggestions Concerning Preparation

The acquiring of a good working vocabulary should begin with the first
lesson, and constant practice in the use of the more common words should
be kept up throughout the course. The students should learn to recognize
the words by hearing as well as by sight, and should be able to use them in
speech as well as in writing.

Writing Greek from dictation, learning short passages by heart, and put-
ting simple Enghsh sentences into Greek orally, or answering in Greek simple
questions asked in Greek serve not only to fix vocabulary and forms in
the students' mind, but also to give them a feehng for the natural Greek
form of expression.

3 Unit Requirement

In addition to the preparation for the 2 unit requirement
stated above, the student must be able to translate at sight a
passage from Homer, to read it with a correct expression of the
rhythm, and to answer a few questions on the Homeric forms
and on the subject-matter.

PRESCRIBED STUDY

Three books of Homer's Ihad.

Prose Composition: Continued practice in translation into
Attic prose of connected passages of English.

FRENCH (2, 3 or 4)

The requirements follow the recommendations of the Modern
Language Association embodied in Document 96 of the College
Entrance Examination Board.

See page 34 for suggestions concerning preparation in the
case of students expecting to enter Wellesley College.

2 Unit Requirement

(Termed "A, Elementary," by the College Entrance Exam-
ination Board.)

THE AIM OF THE INSTRUCTION

At the end of the elementary course the pupil should be able
to pronounce French accurately, to read at sight easy French
prose, to put into French simple English sentences taken from
the language of everyday life or based upon a portion of the
French text read, and to answer questions on the rudiments of
the grammar as defined below.

1920-21 Admission 33

THE WORK TO BE DONE

During the first year the work should comprise: —
(i) Careful drill in pronunciation.

(2) The rudiments of grammar, including the inflection of
the regular and the more common irregular verbs, the plural
nouns, the inflection of adjectives, participles, and pronouns;
the use of personal pronouns, common adverbs, prepositions,
and conjunctions; the order of words in the sentence, and the
elementary rules of syntax.

(3) Abundant easy exercises, designed not only to fix in the
memory the forms and principles of grammar, but also to culti-
vate readiness in the reproduction of natural forms of expression.

(4) The reading of from 100 to 175 duodecimo pages of gradu-
ated texts, with constant practice in translating into French
easy variations of the sentences read (the teacher giving the
EngHsh) and in reproducing from memory sentences previously
read.

(5) Writing French from dictation.

During the second year the w^ork should comprise: —

(i) The reading of from 250 to 400 pages of easy modern

prose in the form of stories, plays, or historical or biographical

sketches.

(2) Constant practice, as in the previous year, in translating
into French easy variations upon the texts read.

(3) Frequent abstracts, sometimes oral and sometimes
written, of portions of the text already read.

(4) Writing French from dictation.

(5) Continued drill upon the rudiments of grammar, with
constant application in the construction of sentences.

(6) Mastery of the forms and use of pronouns, pronominal
adjectives, of all but the rare irregular verb forms, and of the
simpler uses of the conditional and subjunctive.

3 Unit Requirement

(Termed "B, Intermediate," by the College Entrance Exam-
ination Board.)

THE AIM OF THE INSTRUCTION

At the end of the intermediate course the pupil should be
able to read at sight ordinary French prose or simple poetry,
to translate into French a connected passage of English based
on the text read, and to answer questions involving a more
thorough knowledge of syntax than is expected in the elemen-
tary course.

34 Admission 1920-21

TELE WORK TO BE DONE

This should comprise the reading of from 400 to 600 pages*
of French of ordinary difficulty, a portion to be m the dramatic
formj; constant practice in giving French paraphrases, ab-
stracts or reproductions from memory of selected portions of
the matter read; the study of a grammar of moderate com-
pleteness; writing from dictation.!

Suggestions Concerning Preparation for the 2 and 3 Unit Requirements

1. Emphasis should be laid on the correct daily use of the spoken lan-
guage in the class room, on the correct and intelligent reading of French
(apart from translation) and on direct composition, including the writing
of short themes in French.

2. From the outset particular attention should be given to developing
the ability to take in the meaning of each word — and so, gradually, of the
whole sentence — just as it stands; the sentence should be read and under-
stood in the order of the original, with full appreciation of the force of each
word as it comes, so far as this can be known or inferred from that which
has preceded, and from the form and the position of the word itself. The
habit of reading in this way should be encouraged and cultivated as the
best preparation for all the work that the student has to do.

3. It is particularly urged that the readmg be chosen from nineteenth
century writers, of prose, verse, and drama, and if possible from more than
five authors.

The texts suggested are: —

(i) For the 2 unit requirement: Laboulaye: Contes hleus; Daudet:
Trois Contes Choisis; France: Abeille; Malot: Sans Faniille; de la Brete:
Mon Oncle et Mon Cure; Enault: Le Chien du Capitaine; Legouve et
Labiche: La Cigale chez les Fourmis; Daudet: Choix d'Extraits, or Le
Petit Chose; Vigny: La Canne de Jonc; Augier: Le Gendre de M. Poirier;
Foncin: Le Pays de France, or Lavisse: Histoire de Fratice, 11^ annSe
(Armand Colin, Paris).

(2) For the 3 unit requirement: Lamartine: Scenes de la Revolution
franqaise; Maupassant: Huit Contes Choisis; About: Le Roi des Montagues;
Balzac: Le CurS de Tours; Colin: Contes et Saynetes; Colui: Advanced
Sight Translation; Sandeau: Mile, de la Seigliere; Scribe et Legouv6:
Bataille de Dames.

4 Unit Requirement

For suggestions concerning preparation for the four unit
requirement, students are referred to Document 96 of the College
Entrance Examination Board.

* i. e., In addition to the 2 unit requirement.

t A part of this may be critical reading, a part rapid or outside reading,

t From texts not previously memorized.

1920-21 Admission 35

GERMAN (2, 3 or 4)

The requirements follow the recommendations of the Modern
Language Association embodied in Document 96 of the Col-
lege Entrance Examination Board.

See page 36 for suggestions concerning preparation in the
case of students expecting to enter Vi^ellesley College.

2 Unit Requirement

(Termed "A, Elementary," by the College Entrance Exami-
nation Board.)

During the first year the work should comprise: —
(i) Careful drill upon pronunciation.

(2) The memorizing and frequent repetition of easy colloquial
sentences.

(3) Drill upon the rudiments of grammar, that is, upon the
inflection of the articles, of such nouns as belong to the language
of everyday life, of adjectives, pronouns, weak verbs, and the
more usual strong verbs, also upon the use of the more common
prepositions, the simpler uses of the modal auxiliaries, and the
elementary rules of syntax and word order.

(4) Abundant easy exercises designed not only to fix in mind
the forms and principles of grammar, but also to cultivate
readiness in the reproduction of natural forms of expression.

(5) The reading of from 75 to 100 pages* of graduated texts
from a reader, with constant practice in translating into Ger-
man easy variations upon sentences selected from the reading
lesson (the teacher giving the English), and in the reproduction
from memory of sentences previously read.

During the second year the work should comprise : —
(i) The reading of from 150 to 200 pages* of literature in the
form of easy stories and plays.

(2) Accompanying practice, as before, in the translation into
German of easy variations upon the texts read and also in the
off-hand reproduction, sometimes orally and sometimes in
writing; of the substance of short and easy selected passages.

(3) Continued drill upon the rudiments of the grammar,
directed to the ends of enabling the pupil, first, to use her
knowledge with facility in the formation of sentences, and,
secondly, to state her knowledge correctly in the technical
language of grammar.

*See "Suggestions Concerning Preparation," on page 36.

36 Admission 1920-21

3 Unit Requirement

(Termed ''^, Intermediate," by the College Entrance Ex-
amination Board.)

THE WORK TO BE DONE

The work should comprise in addition to the elementary
course t, the reading of about 400 pages* of moderately difficult
prose and poetry, with constant practice in giving, sometimes
orally and sometimes in writing, paraphrases, abstracts, or
reproductions from memory of selected portions of the text
read; also gram.matical drill upon the less usual strong verbs,
the use of articles, cases, auxiliaries of all kinds, tenses and
modes (with special reference to the infinitive and subjunctive) ,
and likewise upon word-order and word-formation.

Suggestions Concerning Preparation for the 2 and 3 Unit
Requirements

1. The books selected for class study should be thoroughly German in
character and content. Intensive work on a comparatively small number
of pages is preferred to a more superficial study of a larger number of pages.

For the 2 unit requirement the number of pages read in class should,
in general, not exceed 300; but in no case should the amount be less than
225 pages. Not more than 100 of these pages should be taken from readers
arranged especially for beginners.

For the 3 unit requirement not more than 600 pages in all (7*. e., 300 in
addition to the maximum amount for the 2 unit requirement) should, in
general, be read; but never less than 500 pages. Not more than one work
of the classical period of German Literature should be included. Besides
this intensive reading, some rapid home reading of easier texts (100 pages or
more) is strongly urged.

2. The results desired can not be obtained if a considerable portion of
the time is spent on translation from German into English, or vice versa.

3. Features that should not be neglected are: —

a. Vocabulary. — The careful study of a goodly number of common
words and expressions drawn chiefly from the texts read.

b. Frequent practice in the oral and written use of the language without
the medium of English. This should consist partly in answering in German
questions put in German, based on all the texts read intensively in class,
partly in reproducing in German, without the aid of questions, the contents
of these texts (Freie Reproduktion).

4 Unit Requirement

For suggestions concerning preparation for the four unit
requirement, students are referred to Document 96 of the Col-
lege Entrance Examination Board.

t That is, the 2 unit requirement.

* See "Suggestions Concerning Preparation," on page ^6.

1920-21 Admission 37

SPANISH (2 or 3)

The requirements follow the recommendations of the Modern
Language Association embodied in Document 96 of the Col-
lege Entrance Examination Board.

See page 38 for suggestions concerning preparation in the case
of students expecting to enter Wellesley College.

THE AIM OF THE INSTRUCTION

At the end of the elementary course the pupil should be able
to pronounce Spanish accurately, to read at sight easy Spanish
prose, to put into Spanish simple EngHsh sentences taken from
the language of everyday Hfe or based upon a portion of the
Spanish text read, and to answer questions on the rudiments
of the grammar, as indicated below.

2 Unit Requirement

THE WORK TO BE DONE

During the first year the work should comprise:
(i) Careful drill in pronunciation.

(2) The rudiments of grammar, including the conjugation of
the regular and the more common irregular verbs, the inflection
of nouns, adjectives and pronouns and the elementary rules of
syntax.

(3) Exercises containing illustrations of the principles of
grammar.

(4) The careful reading and accurate rendering into good
English of about 100 pages of easy prose and verse, with trans-
lation into Spanish of easy variations of the sentences read.

(5) Writing Spanish from dictation.

During the second year the work should comprise:
(i) The reading of about 200 pages of prose and verse.

(2) Practice in translating Spanish into EngHsh, and English
variations of the text into Spanish.

(3) Continued study of the elements of grammar and S3nitax.

(4) Mastery of all but the rare irregular verb forms and of the
simpler uses of the m^odes and tenses.

(5) Writing Spanish from dictation.

(6) Memorizing of easy short poems.

The emphasis should be placed on careful, thorough work with
much repetition rather than upon rapid reading.

38 Admission 1920-21

Suggestions Concerning Preparation

1. Grammar. In addition to the verb drill, the following points should
be emphasized: difference between ser and estar; use and position of pro-
nouns; prepositions required with different verbs and adjectives; use of
subjunctive and infinitive.

2. In reading, two ideas should be kept in mind: (a) accurate translation
especially of idiomatic expressions: (6) a gradual development of the power
to think in Spanish, by requiring the student to explam the meaning of
words and phrases in Spanish and give variations of text also in Spanish.

3. From the beginning the student should gradually become accustomed
to the use of the spoken language in the class room, training the ear by
means of short talks on different subjects given by the teacher and the
tongue by the different methods already suggested. Original work in
composition should also be required.

The texts suggested are: —

A collection of easy short stories and lyrics carefully graded; Perez
Escrich, Fortuna; Ramos Carrion y Vital Aza, ZaragUeta; Tres Comedias
Modernas; Pedro de Alarc6n, El Capitdn Veneno; Juan Valera, El pdjaro
verde; Palacio Valdes, Jose; Jose Selgas, La mariposa hlanca; Carolina
Marcial Dorado, Espafta Pintoresca; the selected short stories of Pedro de
Alarc6n or Antonio de Trueba.

3 Unit Requirement

This work should be a continuation of the elementary work,
with certain added features, such as (i) conversation and in
general much expression in spoken Spanish of connected ideas
and (2) the translation of connected EngUsh prose into Spanish.
There should be continued review of the grammatical rules vv^ith
particular attention to the verb system and to saUent facts of
syntax.

Books: A grammar; a composition-book; about 300 pages of inter-
mediate texts which may be selected from the following: Perez Galdos,
Marianela or Dna Perfeda; Selgas, La mariposa hlanca; Palacio Valdes,
La hermana San Siilpicio; Isla's version of the Gil Bias; a collection of
essays dealing with Spanish or Spanish-x\merican life and customs; Mora tin,
El si de las niilas; Larra, Partir a tiempo; plays of the Alvarez Quintero
brothers; plays of Benevente.

ITALIAN (2)

The College Entrance Examination Board makes no recom-
mendations regarding ItaHan, but the requirements are along
the hues of those for French (2) and Spanish (2) as stated in
Document 96.

AIM OF THE INSTRUCTION

At the end of the first year's work, the pupil should be able
to read simple ItaUan, translate from Italian into English; ask

1920-21 Admission 39

and answer simple questions involving the prime necessities of
life; write simple notes or statements.

The second year should be a development of the first, stress
to be laid on composition and conversation.

THE WORK TO BE DONE

During the first >'ear the work should comprise :
(i) The rudiments of grammar including the inflection of the
regular and more common irregular verbs; the inflection of
nouns, adjectives, participles and pronouns; the use of pronouns,
adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions and the elementary
rules of syntax.

(2) Written and oral exercises involving rules of grammar
and forms of expression.

(3) Careful drill in pronunciation.

(4) Careful reading and accurate rendering of from 100-150
duodecimo pages of graduated text.

(5) Memorizing from 100-150 lines of poetry with special
attention to pronunciation.

(6) Writing ItaHan from dictation.

During the second year the work should comprise:

(i) More advanced grammar work with special stress on the

irregular verb, the subjunctive mood, uses of tenses, and of the

conjunctive pronouns.

(2) Reading of from 250-350 pages of modern prose — fiction,
plays or historical and biographical sketches.

(3) Compositions (15-20), translations and abstracts with
constant application of rules of grammar.

(4) Memorizing 150-200 lines of poetry.

(5) Writing from dictation.

(6) Verbal reports on reading or assigned subjects.

Suggestions Regarding Preparation

1. Grammar. Besides the verb drill the following points should be
emphasized: uses of tenses, of the subjunctive mood, and of conjunctive
pronouns.

2. The reading should be selected with the view of giving the pupil an
insight into Italian Hfe, at the same time training in accurate pronunciation
and translation.

3. The student should be accustomed to the ordinary spoken language
of the class room. The subjects for composition should include biographi-
cal sketches and descriptions of views (photographs) of Italian cities.

40 Admission 1920-21

The texts suggested are: —

Bowen's Italian Reader; Collodi, Pinocchio; CoUodi, Viaggio di Gian-
nettino; De Amicis, La vita Militare; Giacosa, La partita a scacchi; Man-
zoni, / promessi sposi; Pillico, Le mie prigioni; Martinengo — Cesaresco,
Patriotti Italiani; Morandi, Antologia dclla prosa moderna; Le cento
migliore liriche; Oxford Book of Italian Verse.

BOTANY (1) '

The requirement may be met in one of two ways.

A. By the course outUned in Document 96 of the College
Entrance Examination Board.

The course should cover: —

(i) The general principles of plant anatomy, morphology,
physiology, and ecology.

(2) A general knowledge of the great groups or phyla of plants.

In the second part of the course students should not only be-
come familiar with the prim.ary subdivisions of the great groups,
but should be able to trace the evolution of plant forms by
means of a comparative study of representative plants in the
various groups.

B. By covering the main features in the course as outUned
in the Laboratory Guide for the Introductory Course in Welles-
ley College. Copies of these Guides may be secured if desired
through the oflace of the Board of Admission of Wellesley
College.

Individual laboratory work by the students is essential and
should receive at least double the amount of time given to lec-
ture and recitation. Records of the laboratory work, properly
certified by the teacher, in which stress is laid upon diagram-
matically accurate drawing and precise expressive description,
must be presented on or before June fifteenth.

CHEMISTRY (1)

The requirement is met by the course outlined in Document
96 of the College Entrance Examination Board.

The student should perform experiments in the laboratory
to illustrate the properties of the most important elements,
both metaUic and non-metallic, and their compounds, and it
is strongly recommended that a few of these experiments
should be of a quantitative nature. Work in qualitative
analysis is not recommended.

Laboratory notebooks need not be submitted to the College for exami-
nation.

1920-21 Admission 41

PHYSICS (1)

The requirement is met by the course outlined in Document
96 of the College Entrance Examination Board.

Laboratory notebooks need not be submitted to the College for exami-
nation.

BIOLOGY (1)

The requirement is met by the course outlined in Document
96 of the College Entrance Examination Board.

PHYSICAL QEOQRAPHY

The requirement is met by the course outUned in Document
96 of the College Entrance Examination Board.

ZOOLOGY

The requirement is met by the course outhned in Document
96 of the College Entrance Examination Board.

MUSIC (i)

The requirement in Music (Harmony) is met by examination
at Wellesley College on the following: —

Knowledge of the following chords:
All the triads in the major key.
All the triads in the minor key.
The inversions of all triads.
The dominant seventh chord and its inversions.
The diminished seventh chord and its inversions.

Knowledge of all scales, major, minor (harmonic and melodic),
and chromatic, with their proper notation.

Knowledge of the proper way of making a manuscript.

(See "How to Write Music" by Harris, published by the H. W. Grav
Co., New York.)

Knowledge of figured bass.

This will be demonstrated by adding Soprano, Alto, and
Tenor to a given figured bass.

Note. — Students who have never studied Figured Bass will be given
an Unfigured Bass to harmonize.

Knowledge of harmonizing a melody.
This will be tested by harmonizing a given melody, adding
Alto, Tenor, and Bass.

Emphasis should be placed on the harmonization of melody.

Admission

1920-21

METHODS OF ADMISSION
Old Plan: Examinations in all Subjects

Candidates must take all examinations in June except such
as by permission may be postponed until September. The
admission examinations conducted at Wellesley College in June
are the examinations of the College Entrance Examination
Board of which Wellesley College is a member. These exami-
nations will be held June 20-25, 192 1.

The College Entrance Examination Board will furnish a Hst
of other places at which these examinations will be held.

Students entering by the old plan may take either the ordi-
nary or the comprehensive examinations of the College Entrance
Examination Board indicated in the following list:

Subject

No. OF
Units

College Board Examinations

Ordinary

Comprehensive

English

' A Grammar and

Composition
[ B Literature
or
AB

Cp. English

History

2-3

A Ancient History

or
B Mediaeval and Mod-
ern History

or
C Modern History

or
D EngKsh History

[ E or G American History

A with B, C, D, E or G

Cp. History

Mathematics

A Elementary Algebra
Complete
1 C Plane Geometry
f D SoUd Geometry
i and
[ F Plane Trigonometry

Cp. 3 Elementary Mathe-
matics

Cp. 4 Elementary and
Advanced Mathematics

Latin

4 Cicero and Sight
Translation of Prose

5 Vergil and Sight
Translation of Poetry

6 Advanced Prose
Composition

Cp. 4 Four-year Latin

1920-21

Admission

SXJBJECT

No. OF

Units

College Board Examlnations

Ordinary

Comprehensive

Greek

f A I Grammar
F Prose Composition
BG Xenophon and Sight
Translation of Attic
Prose
r Ai,F, BG, and
\ CH Homer and Sight
[ Translation of Poetry

Cp. 2 Two-year Greek
Cp. 3 Three-year Greek

French

3
4

A Elementary (First
and Second years)

A and B Intermediate
(Third year)

BC Intermediate and Ad-
vanced

Cp. 2 Two-year French
Cp. 3 Three-year French
Cp. 4 Four-year French

German

3
4

A Elementary (First
and Second years)

A and B Intennediate
(Third year)

BC Intermediate and Ad-
vanced

Cp. 2 Two-year German
Cp. 3 Three-year German
Cp. 4 Four-year German

Spanish

A Elementary (First and

Second years)
A and B Intermediate

(Third year)

Cp. 2 Two-year Spanish
Cp. 3 Three-yearSpanish

Biology

Botany

Chemistry

Cp. Chemistry

Physics

Cp. Physics

Physical
Geography

Geography

Zoology

44 Admission 1920-21

Examinations for students entering by the old plan of examina-
tion in all subjects may be taken in two or more successive
years. Students are advised to take final examinations in
subjects which they expect to continue in college.

All applications for examination, and all other inquiries
must be addressed to the Secretary of the College Entrance
Examination Board, 431 West 117th St., New York, N.Y.
Applications must be made upon a blank form to be obtained
from the Secretary of the College Entrance Examination Board.

A list of places at which the examinations are held is published about March
I. In order that they may receive proper consideration, requests that the
examinations be held at particular points should be transmitted to the
Secretary of the Board not later tha?i February i.

Applications for examination at points in the United States east of the
Mississippi River (also at Minneapolis, St. Louis, and other points on the
Mississippi River), must be received by the Secretary on or before Monday,
May 30, 1921; applications for admission to examination elsewhere in the
United States or in Canada must be received on or before Monday, May 23,
192 1 ; and apphcations for examination at points outside the United States
and Canada must be received on or before Monday, May o, 192 1.

Applications received later than the dates named will be accepted when
it is possible to arrange for the examination of the candidates concerned,
but only upon payment of six dollars in addition to the usual examination
fee. Candidates filing belated applications do so at their own risk.

The examination fee is six dollars for all candidates examined at points
in the United States and Canada, and twenty dollars for all candidates
examined at points outside of the United States and Canada. The fee
should be remitted by postal order, express order, or draft on New York
to the order of the College Entrance Examination Board.

Full information concerning the scope and character of each of the exami-
nations may be found in Document 96, published by the College Entrance
Examination Board. This may be obtained by sending ten cents in stamps
to the College Entrance Examination Board.

REGENTS EXAMINATIONS

Regents examinations with a rating of 75 per cent may be
offered under certain conditions in place of the examinations
of the College Entrance Examination Board. Credits must be
presented on the card verified by the State Board of Educa-
tion of New York State.

SEPTEMBER EXAMINATIONS

Admission examinations are offered at Wellesley College in
September as heretofore. Mount Holyoke College, Vassar

1920-21 Admission 45

College, Smith College, and Wellesley College will jointly con-
duct examinations in Chicago, September 19 to 22, 1921. The
comprehensive examinations of the College Entrance Examina-
tion Board will be used in September for all candidates. Stu-
dents who fail in preHminary examinations in June may not
repeat examinations in the same subjects in September. Appli-
cation for September examinations must be made to the Secre-
tary to the Board of Admission of Wellesley College by Septem-
ber first. Each candidate will be charged an examination fee
of sLx dollars.

SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATIONS
SEPTEMBER, 1921

Monday, September 19
9-12 A. M. English.

2- 5 p. M. Chemistry, Physics.

Tuesday, September 20
9-12 A. M. Latin.

2- 5 p. M. French.

Wednesday, September 21
9-12 A. M. Elementary Mathematics.

2- 5 P. M. German, Spanish.

Thursday, September 22
9-12 A. M. History.

2- s p. M. Greek.

Botany, Music.

Advanced Mathematics

NEW PLAN OF ADMISSION

It is believed that this new type of admission combines
the best elements of the certificate system and of the examina-
tion system in that it requires the school record and estimate
of character^ and also demands examinations designed to test
the candidate's intellectual power, not alone her memory of
prescribed facts. Furthermore, the method offers the appli-
cant the fullest opportunity to show her abihty in subjects in
which she beUeves herself best quahfied.

The plan offers a uniform method of admission for the four
women's colleges which have adopted the plan, and gives the

46 Admission 1920-21

school entire freedom in the sequence of its work, making no
requirements of certain subjects in the last year.

The examinations required in this plan are of the type
known as comprehensive examinations offered by the College
Entrance Examination Board.

The new method depends on two kinds of evidence:

1. Evidence submitted by the school, consisting of

a. A school report covering the entire record of subjects
and grades for four years.

b. A statement from the school principal including an esti-
mate of the applicant's scholarly interests, special abiUty, and
character.

2. Evidence submitted by the candidate, consisting of
Four comprehensive examinations, selected from each of

the following groups:

(i) Enghsh or History, selected by the applicant.

(2) A foreign language, selected by the applicant.

(3) Mathematics, or Chemistry, or Physics, selected by
the apphcant.

(4) A fourth subject, designated by the applicant from the
subjects which may be offered for admission. This choice
must be approved by the Committee on Admission of the
respective colleges.

These four examinations must be taken at one time.

At least two examinations must cover more than two ad-
mission units each.

In each subject chosen the comprehensive examination
covering all the units offered by her for admission must be
taken by the applicant.

It is desirable that applicants furnish school records and
state the subjects selected for examination before February
fifteenth of the year in which the examinations are to be taken.

The Committee on Admission of the individual college
must give its permission, based upon the evidence submitted
by the school, before the applicant may take the examina-
tions. The comprehensive examinations set by the College
Entrance Examination Board are judged by readers appointed
by this Board, and forwarded to the individual coUege for final
decision by the college Committee on Admission.

Under the new plan the candidate, if admitted to college,
will be admitted free from all conditions. Failure to meet
completely the standard in both kinds of evidence required

1920-21 Admission 47

will not necessarily involve rejection of the applicant; the
Committee may accept unusual excellence in one part of the
credentials submitted as offsetting unsatisfactory evidence
or even failure in another part. If the candidate fails of
admission in June she v/ill not be debarred from taking ex-
aminations under the old system in September, but she may
not take the comprehensive examinations for admission under
the new plan before June of the following year.

Comprehensive examinations according to the new plan
are given by the College Entrance Examination Board. In-
formation concerning the character and scope of the examina-
tions will be found in Document 96 of the College Entrance
Examination Board.

ADMISSION TO ADVANCED STANDING

Candidates for advanced standing must fulfiU the require-
ments for admission to the freshman class, and when not enter-
ing from other colleges must pass examinations in a sufficient
number of hours of work to gain full standing with the class
which they wish to join. All examinations on courses offered
for advanced credit must be taken at Wellesley in June or
September. Special arrangements must be made for admission
to these examinations, and apphcations must be received by
May fifteenth or September first respectively.

A candidate who has met the admission requirements for the
freshman class and has completed creditably the w^ork of at
least one year at another college may, at the discretion of the
Committee on Advanced Standing, be admitted without
examination to the courses for which her previous training seems
to qualify her. An apphcant desiring to enter under -this pro-
vision must make a complete written statement of the work on
which she bases her appHcation. Blank forms of appUcation
wiU be furnished by the College Recorder.

Much importance is attached to the quahty of the w^ork
offered. The College Recorder will correspond with the college
attended by the applicant and request her entire record and
letter of honorable dismissal.

Candidates admitted from other colleges wdll be required to
register during the first year as Unclassified Students. At least
two years of residence are required to obtain the B.A. degree,
of which one must be the senior year.

The number of students to be admitted to advanced standing
in any year is limited.

48 Admission 1920-21.

Honor Group for Advanced Standing

For applicants wishing to enter on advanced standing, who
may be too late to secure registration on the regular Hst, a small
Honor Group has been formed. In order to be recognized as
a candidate for the Honor Group for Advanced Standing, a
student must present evidence in the previous school and college
records and m letters from former instructors that she is a
student of excellent ability and unusual promise. The decision
as to the successful apphcants for admission to the Honor
Group for Advanced Standing will be made in the summer of
the year of entrance, after the reports from the various colleges
have been received.

All correspondence should be addressed to the College
Recorder.

ADMISSION OF CANDIDATES FOR THE M.A. DEGREE

Candidates for the degree of Master of Arts must be gradu-
ates of Wellesley College or of other institutions of satisfac-
tory standing, and must present adequate credentials as to
their ability to carry on the work for the M.K. degree.

AppHcations for admission as graduate students in all de-
partments (including Hygiene) should be made upon forms
which will be furnished by the College R.ecorder on request.
It is desirable that the application be sent by May first of
the year in which the student proposes to enter. It should
be accompanied by records of standing, and, if possible, by
papers and reports of work.

A matriculation fee of five dollars is payable when a student
is accepted as a candidate for the Master's degree. The
amount of this fee will be deducted from the diploma fee of
twenty-five dollars payable when the degree is received.

Eighteen scholarships, as described on page 158, are open
to accepted candidates for the M.A. degree, not residing in
college buildings.*

Circulars containing full information for graduate students
will be sent on appHcation to the College Recorder. For re-
quirements for the M.A. degree see page 152.

• With the present dormitory accommodations it is not ordinarily possible to reserve
rooms on the campus for graduate students; if candidates secure places in college buildings
they must pay the full charge for board and tuition.

1920-21 Admission 49

ADMISSION OF STUDENTS NOT CANDIDATES
FOR A DEGREE

Applicants who give satisfactory evidence of ability to
pursue advanced courses of study may be admitted at the
discretion of the Board of Admission, provided that they
satisfy the requirements of the departments which they pro-
pose to enter. It v>dll be noted that opportunities of prose-
cuting work along special lines are thus open to persons of
experience and success in teaching w^ho possess the requisite
qualifications for admission to college classes.

AppUcants of less maturity and acquirement are not ordi-
narily admitted, but if such desire admission they must ex-
pect to meet by examination the requirements prescribed for
admission to the freshman class, or a full equivalent for them
and to satisfy such additional requirements as are prescribed
by the departments which they propose to enter. Specific
statements of these requirements in Music will be found on
page 133; in Hygiene on page 108.

All courses, graduate as well as undergraduate, are open
to special students, subject to the conditions stated by the
various departments; but every such student is expected to
choose a primary subject to which she should devote the
greater part of her time. A student who creditably com-
pletes a prescribed group of courses will be granted a certificate.

As the capacity of halls of residence is not sufficient for
candidates for degrees, special students cannot be lodged in
the college buildings. Comfortable homes may be found in
the village at about the same expense as in college houses.

All correspondence should be addressed to the Secretary
to the Board of Admission.

50 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

The following Courses of Instruction are offered by the
several departments. The College reserves the right to with-
draw the offer of any course not chosen by at least six students.

All courses are classified in grades I, II, III; grade I in-
cluding elementary courses and grade III the most advanced
courses. Grade I courses are numbered loi, etc.; grade II
courses 201, etc.; grade III courses 301, etc.

CLASSICAL ARCHEOLOGY

Professor: Alice Walton, Ph.D.
201. History of Classical Sculpture (Art 202).

Open to students who have completed one full course in either Art, or
Greek, or Latin. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Walton.

The course will present the principles of Greek and Roman
Sculpture, as developed from the earliest beginnings through the
Great Periods into the Roman, with references to the minor arts,
such as vase painting, coins, and so forth, as they are related to the
main development. The work of the fifth and fourth centuries
wiU be especially emphasized.

301t. History of Greek Pottery. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course 201 (i of igig-20) and
have studied Greek for one year. Three hours a week for the first
semester.

Miss Walton.

The course will include the sequence of decorative styles and the
principles of design in vase painting with especial emphasis upon
the great period of the fifth century. Constant reference will be
made to the collection of vases in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

302t. Greek and Roman Coins. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course 301 {4 of igiQ-20).
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Walton.

Greek coin types will be considered especially for their artistic
quality, Roman coins for their historical value,
t Archeology 301-302 and Latin 302-303 are not usually given in the same year.

1920-21 Art 51

ART

Professor: Alice Van Vechten Brown.
Assistant Professor: Myrtilla Avery, M.A.

INSTRUCTORS: BERTHA KNICKERBOCKER STRAIGHT,^ B.A.

Harriet Boyd Hawes, M.A., L.H.D.
Hazel Brill Jackson."
Lecturers: Eliza Jacobus Newkirk, M.A.
Alice Walton, Ph.D.,

PROFESSOR of ARCH/tOLOQY.

Assistant: Agn-es Abbot.
Museum Assistant in Charge: Gladys Adams Turnbach, B.A.
Museum Assistant: Alice Churchill Moore.

101. Introductory Course in the History of Art to the Eighth

Century a.d.

Open to freshmen, sophomores, and juniors. No prerequisites.
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Brown, Mrs. Hawes.

This course offers a re\'iew of the general development of archi-
tecture, sculpture, and painting in the period studied, and aims to
develop an appreciation of aesthetic values by means of a close
study of photographs and the works themselves, through the lab-
oratory method.

Visits to Museums.

Drawing and other practical work is required.

102. Introductory Course in the History of Art to the Eighth

Century a.d.

Open to freshmen, sophomores, and juniors. No prerequisites. Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Avery.

The ground covered is in general the same as in course loi, but
special reference is made to the principles, forms, and motives
which persist in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

There will be no practical work.

103 1- Studio Practice.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. No prerequisites. Three
hours a week for a year. {Nine hours of studio practice.)

Miss Brown, Miss Straight, Miss Jackson.
Drawing, sketching, painting (oil and watercolor), modeling.

s Appointed for the first semester only.
^ Appointed for the winter term only,
t See note on page 54.

52 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

201. History of Architecture from the Classic Period through

THE Renaissance.

Open to students who have completed course loi or 102 {or 12 of igig-
20). Three hours a week jor a year.

Miss Newkirk.

The aim of this course is to give a general view of the develop-
ment of styles and a thorough understanding of their essential
elements, both constructive and decorative.

First semester: Introduction to the subject and history of archi-
tecture from the classic to the Gothic period.

Second semester: Architecture of the Gothic and Renaissance
periods.

The first semester of course 201 is open on recommendation of
one of the classical departments to any student who especially de-
sires preparation for one of the classical schools and may be counted
as a complete semester course.

Text-book: Kimball and Edgell: — A History of Architecture.

Drawing required.

202. History of Classical Sculpture. (Archeology 201.)

Open to students who have completed course 101 or 102 {or 12 of igig-
26) or one full course in either Greek or Latin. Three hours a week
for a year.

Miss Walton.

The course will present the principles of Greek and Roman Sculp-
ture, as developed from the earhest beginnings through the Great
Periods into the Roman, with references to the minor arts, such as
vase painting, coins, and so forth, as they are related to the main
development. The work of the fifth and fourth centuries will be
especially emphasized. Drawing offered but not required. Visits
to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.

203. Outline Course in the History of Art.

Open to seniors only. No prerequisites. Three hours a week for a
year.

Miss Avery.

This course furnishes an outline of the development of styles in
Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting (excluding the Far East),
and aims to develop observation and aesthetic appreciation as well
as to relate important monuments to their contemporary civilization.

This course is not open to students who have taken or are tak-
ing any other history course in the Art Department.

Visits to Museums.

1920-21 Art 53

204t, Studio Practice.

Open by permission of the department to juniors and seniors who have
completed course loj (5. 14 of igig-20). Three hours a week for
the first semester. {Nine hours of studio practice.)

Miss Straight.
Design.

301. Medleval Sculpture and Painting.

Open to students who have completed either course 201 or course 202.
Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Avery.

The purpose of this course is to make the connection between
ancient and Renaissance art. It includes an outline study of Byzan-
tine figure arts, the cathedral sculpture of France, and sculpture and
painting in Italy through Cimabue and Giovanni Pisano. Visits to
Boston collections. Drawing offered but not required.

302. History of Italian Painting through the Fifteenth Century.

Opeii to students who have completed course joi. Three hours a week
for the second semester.

Miss Brown.

A general review of movements and schools with special emphasis
upon the Florentine School from Giotto through Botticelli. A
text-book required. Visits to Museums. Drawing offered but not
required.

303. History of Italian Painting: Special Studies.

In IQ20-2I open to students who have completed course j of igig-20
and course 301. Three hours a week for the second semester. After
ig20-2i three hours a week for a year and open to students who have
completed courses 301 and 302.

Miss Brown.

In this course critical and detailed study will be given to a special
period, school, or problem in painting. In 1920-21 the subject will
be studies in the Venetian School. Close study of photographs is
required, and an understanding of the methods used by Crowe and
Cavalcaselle, Morelli, Berenson and other critics. Museum visits.
Drawing offered but not required.

304. History of Renaissance Architecture.

Open to seniors who have completed course 201 (i of igig-20) and
t See note on page 54.

54 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

have completed or are taking courses 301. 302. Three hours a week
for the year.

Miss Newkirk.

This course centers in a critical study of the works of representa-
tive architects of the Italian Renaissance. It follows the influence
of that style upon the native architectural expression of France
and England, and shows the elements that entered into the design
and details of Colonial Architecture in America. Drawing required.
Expeditions to study examples of Colonial Architecture.

305. Certain Periods or Northern Art. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

306. Theory of Decoration. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Three hours a week for the second semester.

307. Special Studies in the Art of the Middle Ages. (Not offered in

1920-21.)

Open to students who have cotnpleted or are taking 301 and 302. Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Avery.

The course includes iconography and inter-relations, both his-
torical and technical, and forms a background for the scholarly
interpretation of the Renaissance.

Note. — After one course in the History of Art has been com-
pleted, three hours of practical work as indicated in 103, 204,
above, equivalent to nine hours of practice, may count toward the
degree; four and one-half hours of practical work, equivalent to
thirteen and one-half hours of practice, may so count, if six hours in
the History of Art have been completed. This practical work is
arranged solely to develop such qualities of observation and appre-
ciation as are necessary to the critical study of Art History.

Students in Art courses are required to use laboratory methods,
examining and comparing the photographs used in illustration.
Written description may be substituted for laboratory drawing.

Previous preparation in drawing is not required.

The art library is open to students from 8.00 to 5.36 daily, and
from 7.15 to 9.15 on certain evenings.

1920-21 Astronomy 55

ASTRONOMY

Professor: John Charles Duncan,^ Ph.D.

INSTRUCTOR: LeAH BrOWN ALLEN, M.A.

Laboratory Assistant: Dorothy E. Peck. B.A.

101. Descriptive Astronomy.

Open to all undergraduates. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Allen, Miss Peck.

A general survey of the facts of Astronomy, of the methods by
which they are obtained and of the theories that account for them;
facts with which every educated person should be familiar, in order
to understand the astronomical allusions occurring in Hterature and
to be alive to the beauty of the order that is about us.

102. Uranography. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to seniors and graduate students. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Allen.

This course will be given Monday evenings at 7.30 o'clock.
On clear evenings, naked eye study of the constellations and tele-
scopic observations of the moon, planets, and other objects of in-
terest. On cloudy evenings, lectures and study of photographs,
maps, and apparatus illustrating the motions of the heavenly
bodies.

201. Advanced General Astronomy. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course loi (i of igig-20), and
who have completed or are taking a course in Physics or Chemistry.
Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Duncan.

This course will take up in greater detail many of the topics which
are treated in a general way in course loi, and will treat other
topics as well. It is intended to meet the requirements of students
who, though not specializing in Astronomy, are not satisfied with
the knowledge of the subject that can be obtained from a single
course.

Original memoirs will be consulted and the telescopes used.

202. Observatory Practice.

Open to students who have completed course loi (i of igig-20). Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Allen.

3 Absent on leave.

56 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Practical work in the astronomy of position. Determination of
time, longitude, latitude, right ascension and declination. Use
of the sextant, transit instrument and micrometer.

203. Observatory Practice.

Open to students who have completed course loi (i of igig-2o). One
hour a week for a year. By special permission, two or three hours a
week for a year.

Miss Allen, Miss Peck.

Use of the observatory equipment in work not covered by course
202. The specific subjects will vary from year to year with such
changing conditions as the configuration of the planets, the ap-
pearance of new stars and comets, the occurrence of echpses, etc.
The course may be taken repeatedly.

301. Astrophysics. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed a course in Differential Calculus
and either a course in Astronomy or one in Optics. Three hours a
week for a year.

Mr. Duncan.

Astronomical spectroscopy, photography, and photometry. The
laws of radiation. Solar and sidereal physics; stellar motions.

302. Determination of Orbits. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed Astronomy loi (i of igiQ-20)
and a year of Calculus. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Duncan.

Determination, from three observations, of the elliptic and
parabolic orbits of bodies in the solar system. Orbits of visual and
spectroscopic binary stars. Theory and practice.

303. Celestial Mechanics. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed Differential and Integral Calculus.
Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Duncan.

The attraction of bodies of various forms under Newton's law of
gravitation. The problems of two and of three bodies. Perturba-
tions.

1920-21 Biblical History 57

BIBLICAL HISTORY, LITERATURE, AND
INTERPRETATION

Professor: Eliza Hall Kendrick, Ph.D.
Associate Professors: Adelaide Imogene Locke, B.A., S.T.B.

Olive Dutcher, M.A., B.D.
Assistant Professors: Muriel Anne Streibert, B.A., B.D.
Louise Pettibone Smith, Ph.D.
Seal Thompson,^ M.A.
Lecturer: Gordon Boit Wellman, Th.D.
Instructor: Beatrice Allard Brooks, B.A.

101. 102. The Development of Thought in the Old Testament.

Required of sophomores. Course loi, three hours first semester.
Course 102, three hours second semester. Course loi mil be offered
also in the second semester, and course 102 in the first semester.

Miss Locke, Miss Dutcher, Miss Streibert,
Miss Smith, Mrs. Brooks.
It is the purpose of this course to offer studies in the develop-
ment of rehgion and ethics in the Old Testament. There will be
included such historical study of Hebrew national hfe and such
presentation of the literary problems connected with the Old Testa-
ment writings as are necessary to make intelligible the develop-
ment of thought.

201. Development of Thought in Later Jewish Literature.

Open to students who have completed courses loi and 102 (i and 2 of
igig-20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Dutcher.

The course will deal with the development of thought among the
Jews during the period approximately from 300 B.C. to 100 a.d.

Particular emphasis will be laid upon such topics as the Messianic
hope, angelology and demonology, life after death and the resur-
rection, wisdom thought, ethical ideas and sanctions, all in their
relation to the history of the period. The course should therefore
give to the students a valuable knowledge of the background out of
which Jesus came and a clearer understanding of his categories of
thought.

202. The Life of Christ.

Open to students who have completed courses loi and 102 (i and 2
of igig-20). Three hours a week either semester.

Miss Kendrick,
Miss Streibert, Mr. Wellman.

» Absent on leave.

58 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Aim: (i) To study the environment of Christ in the govern-
ment, institutions, manner of life, ideals, and literature of the Jewish
people of his time.

(2) To follow the unfolding of his life from the historical point
of view.

(3) To study the teachings of Christ: (a) in their historical
connections as far as possible; (b) topically.

(4) To become acquainted with the leading problems regarding
the person and vrork of Christ, with different points of view and with
the best Hterature on the subject.

203. Elementary Hebrew.

Open to juniors and seniors. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Smith,

The elements of Hebrew grammar, with practice in translation
and the memorizing of a vocabulary. Reading of selections from
the old Testament.

At the end of the course the student should be able to read simple
Hebrew and to use the language in the study of the Old Testament.

204. The Apostolic Age.

Open to students who have completed course 202 {4 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Kendrick, Mr. Wellman.
It is the purpose of this course to offer studies in the essential
teachings of Christianity as represented by the several New Tes-
tament writers outside of the authors of the Synoptic Gospels.
There will be included such historical study of New Testament
times and such presentation of the questions connected with New
Testament Introduction as are necessary to make intelligible the
development of Christian thought.

205. Greek Testament. Text Study of the Synoptic Gospels. (Not

given in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed courses loi and 102 (i and 2
of igig-20), and who have met the three unit admission requirement
in Greek or have taken Greek loi in college. Three hours a week for
the first semester.

Miss Kendrick.

206. Greek Testament. Text Study of Other New Testament Books.

(Not given in 1920-21.)
Open to students who have completed course 205 (5 of igig-20) . Three
hours a week for the second sem^ester.

Miss ELendrick.

1920-21 Botany 59

301. History of Religions.

Open to students who have completed the required courses in Biblical
History. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Locke.
Introductory study of primitive religions followed by an outline
comparative study of the rise and development of the leading his-
toric faiths.

302. Interpretations of Christianity.

Open to seniors. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Kendrick.
The aim of this course will be to trace in the devotional and con-
troversial literature of certain of the most important periods of the
Christian Church, from the beginning to the present day, varying
conceptions of the essentials of Christianity, to consider the effect
upon these conceptions of some of the most important currents of
thought of the period studied and to make constant comparison with
New Testament religion.

303. Second Year Hebrew. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to those who have completed course 20 j {11 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Smith.

BOTANY

PROFESSOR: MARGARET CLAY FERGUSON," PH.D.

Associate Professors: Laetitia Morris Snow, Ph.D.

Howard Edward Pulling, Ph.D.
Assistant Professors: Mary Campbell Bliss, M.A. (Chairman).

Mabel Annie Stone, M.A.

Alice Maria Ottley,^ M.A.

INSTRUCTORS: HELEN ISABEL DAVIS, B.A.

Margery Claire Carlson, M.S.

Helen Stillwell Thomas, M.A.
Assistants: Ruth Margery Addoms. B.A.

Ellen Armstrong, B.A.

Anna Parker Fessenden, M.S.

Ruth Langmuir, B.A.
Secretary: Dorothy Moore, B.A.

101. Plant Studies.

Open to freshmen and sopho^nores. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Bliss, Miss Stone, Miss Carlson,
Miss Thomas, Miss Addoms, Miss Fessenden.

' Absent on Sabbatical leave.
3 Absent on leave.

60 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

This course is designed to bring the student into sympathy with
the plant world, to cultivate the power of careful observation,
to give a knowledge of the fundamental principles of plant life
and plant breeding, and of the general principles of floriculture.
The course is developed on purely scientific lines, but, at the same
time, it seeks so to relate our study of plants to all life as to give
the student that familiar and intimate acquaintance with her living
environment which makes for the broadest culture of to-day.

Lectures are accompanied by studies in the laboratory and in
the field. As a basis for acquaintance with the nature and work of
plants, the structure and development of plants are studied from
seed germination to fruit formation, and the more simple physiologi-
cal responses are investigated. Students are trained to know the
herbaceous plants in their spring condition, to recognize the early
flowers, and to know our common trees both in their winter and in
their summer aspect.

201. Evolution of Plants.

Open to students who have completed course loi (5 of igig-20) or its
equivalent and to juniors and seniors without prerequisite. Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Bliss, Miss Stone,

From a comparative study of plants extending from simple
one-celled organisms to the most modem and higlily specialized
forms, the student constructs a probable scheme of evolution in the
development of a land flora. This detailed study of forms is supple-
mented by discussions of general principles and theories of evolu-
tion. The course also includes the technique of collecting and
preserving the material on which the study is based.

202. Elementary Physiology of Seed Plants.

Open to students who have completed course loi (5 of igig-26) or its
equivalent and to juniors and seniors without prerequisite. Three
hours a week for the second semester.

Mr. Pulling.

A study of the growth and development of seedlings and mature
plants, including flowering and seed formation, from the standpoint
of the principal processes concerned and the chief influences of the
environment upon them. In general, the plant is considered from
the biological point of view as a responsive and self-adjusting mech-
anism; details of the chemical and physical reactions involved
receive only superficial treatment.

1920-21 Botany 61

203. Taxonomy and Geographical Distribution of the Pteridophytes

AND SpERMATOPHYTES.

Open to students who have completed course loi (5 of igig-26) or 201
{16 of igip-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Thomas.

A consideration of the classification and natural relationships
of the Ferns and Seed-plants, based on the study of the local flora
in the field and in the laboratory, with the use of manuals and
practice in the construction of keys. The course will also include
some consideration of the facts and problems of plant geography.
There will be a considerable amount of field-work in the spring term.

204. Garden Plants.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course 201 (16 of
igig-20) or 202. Three hours a week for a semester; ofered in
both semesters.

Miss Davis.

A scientific study of garden plants, their classification, structure,
ecology and physiology as a basis for their cultivation. The lec-
tures and laboratory practice treat of the principles of plant propa-
gation, nutrition, and requirements of soil, moisture, heat, hght,
etc., both out of doors and in the greenhouse. Some of the special
problems of school gardening are considered, and also the artistic
value of the various plant forms, textures, colors, and effects in
landscape gardening.

205. General Bacteriology.

Open to students who have completed one full course in Botany or
Chemistry or Zoology. This course cannot count toward the science
requirement unless followed by course 308. Three hours a week for a
semester; offered /in both semesters.

Miss Snow, Miss Armstrong.

A study of bacteria and some of the common moulds and yeasts
in relation to daily life. The general physiological relations of
bacteria, their cultural and staining reactions and their distribution
in air, foods, milk, water, and soil will be considered. An applica-
tion of the above principles and methods will be made to the problem
of a safe milk supply.

301. Comparative Morphology and Taxonomy of the Alg^, Liver-
worts, AND Mosses.

Open to students who have completed course 201 {16 of igig-20) or
202. Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Stone.

62 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

This course aims to give the student facihty in the determination
of Algae, Liverworts, and Mosses, and also considers the funda-
mental problems underlying their development and evolution.

302. Comparative Morphology or the Ferns, Gymnosperms, and
Angiosperms.

Open to students who have completed course 201 (16 of igiQ-20) or
301 (18 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Stone.

This course considers the origin, development, and structure of
vascular plants from the standpoint of evolution. Special attention
is placed on tracing the steps in the development of vegetative and
reproductive organs, and on a consideration of the homologies of
sporogenous, reproductive, and embryological parts. The genetic
relationships of plants, both fossil and living, are carefully considered.
Students will become acquainted with the technique of plant
histology and embryology by preparing a considerable proportion
of the microscopic slides used in the class room.

303. Evolution of Plant Tissues.

Open to students wJw have completed course 201 or 301 {16 or 18 oj
igig-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Bliss.

A detailed comparative study of the tissues of the lower and
higher vascular plants, both fossil and living, from the standpoint
of evolution. Special emphasis is laid on the origin and development
of the elements of the fibro-vascular tissue and their distribution in
root and stem. A brief consideration will be given to the origin
and structure of coal, involving the special technique of hard tissues.

304. Pathology or the Higher Plants.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course loi (5 of igig-
20) or 205 {4 of igig-20), or a semester of physiology. Three hours
a week for the first semester.

Mr. Pulling.

A general course on the diseases of plants. The structure, patho-
logical processes and effects of representative fungi on plants ot either
economic or ornamental value are studied. Modern methods of
combating plant diseases are briefly considered from the stand-
point of the principles that underUe them.

1920-21 Botany 63

305. Ecology.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course 201 {16 of igig-
20) or 202, or 301 {18 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the second
semester.

Miss Snow.

A consideration of the natural grouping of plants on the earth
and the principles underlying these plant associations. The course
is divided into a study of (i) plant formations which have arisen in
response to climatic conditions, and (2) local plant associations
which have resulted from physiographic changes. This study in-
cludes a consideration of the various modifications of plant structure
found under different environmental conditions. In the spring
term an average of one appointment a week will be devoted to field
work.

306. Plant Physiology.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed 2 full years of Botany
in college, and have completed or are taking a year of either Chemistry
or Physics. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Pulling.

Experiments, lectures, discussions, and readings designed to ac-
quaint the student vvdth the higher plants as working organisms. The
experiments embody problems in, to a greater extent than demon-
strations of, the fundamental activities of the higher plants in re-
lation to their environment. It is planned that increased precision
in laboratory manipulation shall keep pace with the student's
growing knowledge of physiological methods.

307. Cytology and Problems of In-heritance. (Not offered in 1920-

21.)

Open to seniors and, by permissiofi of the department, to juniors who
have completed two full years of Botany. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Ferguson.

Studies in the structure of the cell; the phenomena of ceil division;
the constitution of the reproductive cells with special reference to
the theories of heredity and evolution. The relation between
definite cell structures and visible plant characteristics will be
determined by a study of their inheritance in cross breeding and in
mutation. At the beginning of the year each student will be
assigned a practical problem in plant breeding as a basis for the
study of the behavior of pure lines in hybridization and the origin
and transmission of characters.

64 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

308. Advanced Bacteriology.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed Botany 205 (4 of igig-
20) and have completed or are taking a course in Chemistry. Three
hours a week for a semester; ofered in both semesters.

Miss Snow.

A continuation of the study of bacteria in relation to pubKc
problems. These will include the protection and purification of
water supplies, methods of sewage disposal, the diagnosis of disease
in plants and animals, etc. There will be discussions of such topics
as theories of immunity, infection, infant welfare work, industrial
hygiene, methods used in sanitary surveys, etc. Throughout the
course standard technical methods will be used.

309. Landscape Gardening.

Open to students who have completed course 204 (ig of ipig-20), and
by special permission to seniors who elect 204. Three hours a week
for the first semester.

Miss Davis.

The work continues the study of ornamental plants begun in
course 204, emphasizing their use in landscape design. The lectures
treat of the principles of design in planting; the laboratory gives
training in landscape draughting, the principles of landscape con-
struction, hand level surveying, grading, planting, and maintenance.

310. Landscape Design.

Open to students who have completed course jog (26 of igig-20).
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Davis.

This course continues the study of principles introduced in course
309. The work is conducted by lecture and laboratory practice
and trips are taken as often as possible for observation and study of
actual examples of the art. The lectures consider the basic princi-
ples involved and include a summary of the history of gardening
from the earhest times to the present.

311. The Plants and Problems of Economic Botany. (Not offered in

1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course 201 {16 of jgig-20).
Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Snow.

This course aims to bring to the student a realization of the im-
portance of the plant kingdom in modern civilization. Selected

1920-21 Botany 65

studies will be made from the plants of agriculture, horticulture, for-
estry, medicine, textile industries, etc. Plants will be considered
not only from the standpoints of their production, distribution, and
preser\^ation, but also with reference to their past development and
their future improvement and conservation. Adequate emphasis
will be placed upon the technique involved and an opportunity will
be given to visit various estabUshments whose work has special
significance for this course.

321. Botanical Seminar. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Required of graduate students, and open to seniors by permission of
the department. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Ferguson.

Reading and discussion of current botanical literature, reports
of problems under investigation, studies in the historical develop-
ment of some phase of botanical knowledge. Students will become
acquainted with the technique of plant histology and embryology
by preparing a considerable proportion of the microscopic sUdes
used in the class room.

322. Plant Problems.

Open to graduate students and, by permission of the department, to
seniors. Three or six hours a week for a year.

Miss Snow, Miss Bliss,
Miss Stone, Mr. Pulling.

This is prim^arily a laboratory course, but a definite weekly
appointment is made with each student for a report of the papers
read and of the progress of her study; and a final paper or thesis
embodying the results of her investigations is required. A special
problem in one of the following subjects is assigned to each student:
(i) Embryology and Genetics; (2) Histology and tissue studies
from the standpoint of phylogeny; (3) Physiology and Experimental
morphology; (4) Taxonomy of the Phanerogams; (5) Taxonomy
of the Cryptogams.

The amount of time for reading in Cambridge varies with the
nature of the problem investigated.

Courses of Instruction 1920-21

CHEMISTRY

Associate Professors: Charlotte Almira Bragg, B.S.
Helen Somersby French, Ph.D.
Mary Amerman Griggs, Ph.D.
Instructor: Lillian Eloise Baker,*^ M.A.
Assistants: Ruth Loveland, B.A.

Marion Elmira Warner, B.S.
MiLDA Wegner, B.A.

101. Elementary Chemistry. Lectures and Laboratory Work.

Open to all undergraduates. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Bragg, Miss Baker, Miss Loveland.

Course loi is for beginners in Chemistry, and is intended to fa-
miliarize the student with the important properties of the elements
and their compounds, with their modes of preparation, and with
such tests as shall lead up to the study of systematic Qualitative
Analysis; also to present the laws governing chemical reactions,
the meaning of chemical equations, and the more recent theories
adopted in the science.

102. General Chemistry.

Open to students who have met the admission requirement or its equiva-
lent, and who are electing course 201. Three hours a week for the first
semester.

Miss French, Miss Wegner.

This course is intended for those students who have offered
Chemistry for entrance, and who plan to major in Chemistry in
college. It aims to give a brief intensive review of the preparatory
work in Chemistry, with such additional study, particularly of the
metallic elements and the theories of solutions, as shall prepare the
students for the grade II courses in the department.

201. Qualitative Analysis.

Ope7i to students who have completed course loi (i of igig-20) . Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Open to students who have completed course loi (i of igig-20) or
course 102 (4 of ig20-2i). Three hours a week for the second semester

Miss Griggs, Miss Warner.

A system of analysis for the detection of the common metals
and acid radicals with the application of theoretical principles to

■''* Appointed for the first semester only.

1920-21 Chemistry 67

the reactions involved. The laboratory work includes practice in
the solution and analysis of substances unknown to the student.

202. Quantitative Analysis.

Open to students who have completed course 201 (2 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Griggs, Miss Warner.

This course is designed to give training in gravimetric and volu-
metric analysis. The theories discussed in course 201 are applied
to the work of the laboratory, and problems related to the work
are included in the class discussions.

203. Qualitative Analysis.

Open to students who have completed course 201 {2 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Griggs.

A continuation of course 201 deahng with the more difficult prob-
lems of qualitative analysis. A few of the rare elements are in-
cluded in the scheme of analysis.

204. Chemistry in its Applications to Daily Life. (Not offered in

1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course loi or course 102. Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Miss French.

301. Organic Chemistry, with Laboratory Work in Organic Prep-

arations.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed or are taking courses
201 and 202 (2 arid 5 of igig-20) and, by special permission, to
seniors who have completed courses 102 and 201, or 4 of igig-20, or
loi {i of igig-20). Three hours a week for a year.

IV^iss French, Miss Wegner.

302. Advanced Laboratory Course in Organic Cheiostry.

Open to stiide?its who have completed course 301 {7 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Miss French.

303. quantitatr^ analysis.

Open to students who have completed courses 201 and 202 (2 and 5 of
igig-20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Griggs.
A continuation of course 202.

68 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

304. Food Analysis.

Open to students who have completed courses loi or 102 (i or 4 of
iQip-20), 201, 202 (2 and 5 of igig-20), aftd 301 (7 of igig-20).
Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Baker.

305. Theoretical and Physical Chemistry.

Open to seniors who have completed or are taking course 301 (7 of
igig-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss French.

306. Laboratory Work in Physical Cheaostry.

Open to seniors and graduates who have completed or are taking course
305 (8 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss French.

307. Inorganic Chemistry.

Open to students who have completed courses loi or 102 (i or 4 of
igig-20), 201 and 202 (2 and 5 of igig-20), and 301 (7 of igig-20).
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Bragg.

This course makes use of the laboratory work of the courses
taken in preceding years.

ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY

Associate Professor: Jane Isabel Newell. Ph.D.
Assistant Professors: Elizabeth Donnan, B.A.

Frances Fenton Bernard, Ph.D.
Instructors: Leila Ruth Albright, M.A.
' Marion Bancker, M.A.

Olqa Spencer Halsey, M.A.
Lecturer: Donald Skeele Tucker, M.A.

lOL Introduction to Economics and Sociology.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Three hours a week for a
year.

Miss Newell, Miss Donnan, Mrs. Bernard,
Miss Albright, Miss Bancker.
A descriptive course setting forth the evolution of industry, the
outstanding features of present industrial society, the social prob-
lems involved in jithe unequal distribution of wealth, and the pro-
grams and agencies attempting to deal with these problems.

20L Principles of Economics. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course loi. Three hours a week
for a year.

Miss Donnan.

1920-21 Economics and Sociology 69

A study of current economic thought — principles of value and
of distribution, — with some examination of the historical develop-
ment of economic theory.

202. An Introduction to General Sociology.

Open to seniors. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Newell.

An introduction to the study of society — its development and its
present structure and functioning.

It is proposed to take up: (a) the environmental, biological, psy-
chological, and technological factors conditioning society; {h) social
relations among backward peoples; (c) facts and theories of social
organization with especial reference to present conditions.

203. Economic History of the United States. (Not offered in 1920-

21.)
Open to students who have completed course i of igig-20 or course 205
{15 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Newell.

A study of our national development in its material and social
aspects, with especial emphasis upon the development of business
combinations and of trade unions.

204. EcoNOSiics OF Consumption. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course i of igig-20 or course 205
(75 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

This course will deal with both theoretical and practical aspects
of the use of wealth. Some or all of the following topics will be
discussed: the division of public and private incomes between
use as capital and use for immediate consumption (functions and
limits of sa\ing), ''Engel's law," standards of Hving, workingmen's
budgets and the minimum wage, Veblen's theory of conspicuous
consumption, the role and social limits of luxury, final utility and
its relation to expenditure. The function of women in directing
household expenditure will be considered throughout.

205. Introduction to Economic Life.

Open to seniors. Three hours a week for the first semester,

Mrs. Bernard.

A brief survey of modern economic life with especial reference to
the operation of the money economy. The topics considered will

70 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

include production, its factors and limits; money and banking;
the fixing of prices and the forces determining wages and other

206. Economic Development. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open only to students who have completed course 205 {15 of igig-20).
Three hours a week for the second semester.

A survey of the chief stages of economic life, in an effort to
understand the development of the institutions which character-
ize our present-day money economy. Especial emphasis will be
laid on the distinctive features of modern industrialism.

207. Immigration.

Open to students who have completed course 201 (i of iQig-20) or
course 205 {15 of igig-26). Three hours a week for the secottd se-
mester.

Mrs. Bernard.

A study of immigration into the United States, the elements
represented, and their geographical distribution; the social, polit-
ical, and economic influence of our foreign populations; the history
of restrictive legislation, and the arrangements thus far provided
for the reception and care of aliens.

301. Socialism and Social Reform.

Open to students who have completed course loi (i of igig-20) or
courses 205-206 {15-13 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the first
semester.

Mrs. Bernard.

A critical study of the theoretical bases, ultimate purposes and
present methods of some of the following: individualism, philosophic
anarchism, trade unionism, syndicalism, co-operation, progressivism,
the single tax, and the several forms of sociaHsm.

302. Economic History of England.

Open to students who have completed course loi {i of igig-20) or
courses 205-206 {15-13 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the
secotid semester.

Miss Donnan.

This course will include a survey of the chief stages in English
economic history, but especial attention will be devoted to the period
since the industrial revolution.

1920-21 Economics and Sociology 71

303. Social Economics.

Open to seniors {and by special permission to juniors) who have com-
pleted course loi (i of igig-20) or courses 205-206 {15-13 of 1919-20).
Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Albright.

A study of the dependent, defective, and delinquent classes,
accompanied by discussion of methods of dealing with each.

304. Municipal Sociology.

Ope7i to seniors {and by special permission to juniors) who have com-
pleted course loi {i of 1919-20) or courses 205-206 {15-13 of 1919-20).
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Albright.

A discussion of problems of community life, and of methods of
meeting certain normal social needs, such as housing, sanitation,
education, and recreation.

305. Railroads: Rates and Regulation.

Open to students who have completed course loi (i of 1919-20) or
courses 205-206 {15-13 of 1919-20). Three hours a week for the first
semester.

Miss Donnan.

A brief survey of some of the fiscal, economic, and social problems
arising from our modern means of transportation. Among the
topics discussed will be the following: history of American railroad
construction; railway charters; powers of directors and stock-
holders; nature of railway securities; financing of construction and
development work; inter-company relations and the construction
of systems; railroad traffic and rates; history of American railway
regulation; the problems and possibilities of government operation.

306. Corporate Organization and Control.

Open to students who have completed course loi {i of 1919-20) or
courses 205-206 {15-13 of 1919-20). Three hours a week for the
second semester.

Miss Donnan.

The development of large scale production and the growth of cor-
porate business; characteristic forms of industrial combination;
state and federal regulatory legislation and judicial decisions re-
lating thereto; alleged advantages and evils of industrial combina-
tion; proposed remedies for the latter.

72 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

307. Industrial and Social Legislation.

Open to students who have completed course loi {i of igiQ-2o) or
courses 205-206 {15-13 of igiQ-20). Three hours a week for the
first semester.

Miss Halsey.

A study of industrial and social conditions and their regulation
by means of legislation.

308. The Modern Labor Movement.

Open to students who have completed course loi (i of iQig-20) or
courses 205-206 {15-13 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the
second semester.

Miss Halsey.

A study of modern industrial unrest with special attention to
the viewpoint of the employer and that of organized labor.

309. Money and Banking.

Open to students who have completed course loi {i of igig-20) or
courses 205-206 {15-13 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the
first semester.

Miss Donnan.

The course deals mainly with the principles of money and bank-
ing, but it is also designed to give the student some acquaintance
with the history and chief characteristics of t>^ical modern systems
of banking.

310. General Principles of Taxation.

Open to students who have completed course loi {i of igig-20) or
courses 205-206 {15-13 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the
second semester.

Mr. Tucker.

This course will deal with the principles of taxation with special
reference to conditions in the United States. Each student will
be required to make a study of the tax system of some one state
or municipality.

1920-21 Education 73

EDUCATION

PROFESSORS: ARTHUR ORLO NORTON, M.A.

ANNA Jane McKeaq, Ph.D., LL.D.
Assistant: Pauline Holmes, B.A.
Graduate Assistant: Helen Parker Smith, B.A.

The Department of Education offers both undergraduate and
graduate courses. Six hours of work may be counted toward the
B.A. degree. Full work for the M.A. degree is offered.

201. Modern Education: Principles and Institutions.

Open to juniors who have completed or who are taking the required
course in Philosophy, and to seniors. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Norton, Miss McKeag.

This course is organized to meet the needs not only of prospec-
tive teachers but also of all who are interested in the intelligent
direction of education as a phase of civic or social service. Its pur-
pose is to give a general surv^ey of the practices, theories, and
problems of modern education.

The work of the course is illustrated throughout the year by
visits to assigned schools for the observation of children and of
class-room practice, by examples of school work, and by lantern
sHdes.

202. History of Education.

Open to students who have completed or are taking the required course
in Philosophy. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Norton.

From the point of view of this course modern education appears
as the outcome of a long series of historic events, the effects of
which are visible in the ideals, studies, modes of teaching, and
organization of our present schools, colleges, and universities.
The purpose of the year's work is to study in some detail the most
important events in the history of European and American edu-
cation, and their effects on the present course of educational affairs.

The lectures are constantly illustrated by original manuscripts,
facsimiles, early editions of noted text-books, and similar historical
documents, by translations from the sources, and by numerous
lantern slides.

301. Secondary Education.

Open by permission to seniors who have completed a full course in
Education, and to graduates. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss McKeag.

74 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

The history and principles of secondary education, with special
reference to the high schools of the United States. A study will be
made of approved methods of teaching English, foreign languages,
sciences, mathematics, and history in high schools. Opportunity
will be given for observation of the work of specially successful
high school teachers in the subject which the student expects to
teach.

In connection with this course the department of Education
requires from graduates a semester of systematic practice teaching
in a high school, to be done as independent work, under the guid-
ance of the department and with the co-operation of the principal
of the high school. Practice in teaching is not open to under-
graduates.

302. Principles and Problems of Religious Education. (Not given

in 1920-21.)

Open to seniors who have completed or are taking Education 201 {6 of
igig-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

The aims of religious education in the Hght of the fundamental
characteristics and present tendencies of Christianity. The reli-
gious development of the individual. The selection and use of
BibUcal material for different ages. The Sunday school: its
organization, curricula, and methods of teaching; its relation to
the home.

303. Principles and Methods of teaching French in Secondary

Schools. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to seniors who have completed or are taking French 30 § (4 of
jgig-20), and who have also completed or are taking Education 201
(6 of jgig-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

The aim of this course is to teach the students how to impart to
their pupils, in the shortest possible time, a speaking, understanding,
reading, and writing knowledge of French. After a survey of the
general difficulties arising from English habits of thought and of
expression already formed, the instructor will deal with the several
aspects of modern language work, such as the teaching of vocabu-
lary, of grammar, of composition, and of translation; the selection
and use of books, the correction and elimination of errors, the
equipment of the teacher and of her department in the high school.

321. Problems in Education. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to graduates who have completed a full course in Education.
Three hours a week for a year.

1920-21 Education 75

The subject-matter of this course will vary from year to year
in accordance with the equipment and needs of students. The
topics for study will be chosen from the field of experimental or
statistical investigation or from that of the general science of edu-
cation.

322. The History, Theory, and Problems of the Kindergarten. (Not

given in 1920-21.)
Open to graduates who have completed Philosophy loi, 102, or an
equivalent, and one full course in Education. {Courses 322 and 323
must ordinarily be taken together.) Four hours a week for a year.

The reconstruction of educational theories in the eighteenth
and early nineteenth centuries. The relation of this reconstruc-
tion to the work of Froebel. The origins and history of the kinder-
garten movement in Europe and America. Exposition and criti-
cism of the theory of kindergarten practice. Other forms of sub-
primary education: the Waverley plan, the Montessori methods;
their reladon to kindergarten practice. The kindergarten and the
primary school.

323. Kindergarten Practice: Materials, Methods, Exercises,

Technique. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to graduates who have completed Philosophy loi, 102, or an
equivalent, and one full course in Education {see note below). Four
hours a week for a year.

Course 323 deals in general with practical apphcations of the
theory given in course 322. It includes on the one hand a detailed
study of the materials, devices, exercises, and methods of the
kindergarten, and on the other, extensive observation of their
use, with practice in teaching.

Note. — Courses 322 and 323 must ordinarily be taken together.
They will occupy two thirds of the student's time for the year.
Students who are preparing to conduct kindergartens or kinder-
garten training classes are required to take a third course, usually
in Education, to be determined on consultation with the head of
the department of Education. Ability to play on the piano the
music of kindergarten songs and games is a prerequisite of these
courses.

324. Elementary Education: History, Theory, Practice, and Prob-

lems. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to graduates who have completed Philosophy loi, or an equivalent,
and one full course in Education. Three hours a week for a year.

76 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Course 324 includes a brief survey of the history of elementary
education in the United States, a detailed study of present elemen-
tary school practice, a critical discussion of the principles which
underlie that practice, and the investigation of selected problems in
elementary education.

The purpose of the course is to give to each student a knowledge
of existing conditions and problems, some facility in handling the
tools and methods of practical research in this field, and ability to
formulate her views as to the ideas, scope, and work of the elemen-
tary schools.

ENGLISH
I. English Literature

Professors: Katharine Lee Bates,* M.A., Litt.D.

ViDA DUTTON SCUDDER,^ M.A.

Margaret Pollock Sherwood, Ph.D., L.H.D.
Alice Vinton Waite, M.A.
Martha Hale Shackford, Ph.D.
Associate Professors: Laura Emma Lockwood, Ph.D.
Charles Lowell Young, b.A.
Martha Pike Conant, Ph.D.
Alice Ida Perry Wood, Ph.D.
Laura Alandis Hibbard, Ph.D.
Assistant Professors: Elizabeth Wheeler Manwaring, B.A.
Annie Kimball Tuell, M.A.
Instructors: Mary Bowen Brainerd, Ph.D.

Katherine Canby Balderston, M.A.

101. Outline History of English Literature.

Open to freshmen, sophomores, and juniors. Three hours a week for
a year.

Miss Wood, Miss Hibbard, Miss Tuell, Miss Balderston.

The course traces the essential outlines of EngHsh literary history,
presents the leading types of prose and poetry, and gives training in
critical appreciation. The work is conducted by lectures and by
studies of selected masterpieces.

102. The Elizabethan Lyric.

Open to students who have completed in preparatory school an approved
course in the history of English Literature. Three hours a week for
the first semester.

Mrs. Brainerd.

The course is for students who wish to begin their work in the
department with intensive study in one Hterary period. The mate-

» Absent on Sabbatical leave,
s Absent on leave.

1920-21 English 77

rial used is the non-dramatic poetry in the time of Elizabeth and the
Stuarts, especially the lyrics of Sidney, Shakespeare, Ben Jonson,
Donne, Herrick, Herbert, Milton, and the cavalier poets.

103. Spenser.

Open to students who have completed in preparatory school an approved
course in the history of English Literature. Three hours a week for
the second semester.

Mrs. Brainerd.

This course should follow course 102 for students beginning their
work in the department without taking course loi. The greater
part of the poetry of Spenser will be read. The minor poems will
be studied for their varied forms and poetic content in relation to
other literature. The Faerie Queene will be considered in relation
to other romantic epics and for its embodiment of Renaissance
ideas as well as for its poetic quaUties.

201. English Masterpieces.

Open only to seniors who have completed no full course in the department,
or course 101 (i of igig-20) only. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Conant.

The course is intended to develop a sympathetic appreciation
of literature through the study of chosen masterpieces. The
work includes readings from Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley,
Carlyle, Ruskin, Arnold, Browning, Shakespeare, Scott, Jane
Austen, and Thackeray; also, if time permits, from modern drama
and recent verse.

202. American Literature.

Open to students, except freshmen, who have completed or are taking a
grade I course, and to all seniors. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Young.

The course attempts to give a comprehensive account of American
literature. It studies the Colonial and Revolutionary sources of
American idealism, the rise of imaginative Hterature in the Middle
States, the florescence of Puritan culture in New England, the
achievement of democratic nationahty in the mid-nineteenth cen-
tury, the literature of the country at large after the Civil War, and
the most recent departures in Uf e and hterature.

203. Dryden and Pope. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed or are taking course loi. Three
hours a week for a year.

78 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

The course centers in the personaUty, work, and influence of
Dryden and of Pope, and includes study of important contem-
porary writers, and the social, poHtical, and historical background.

204. Milton.

Ope7i to students, except freshmen, who have completed or are taking a
grade I course. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Lockwood.

The primary object of the coiarse is the critical study of Milton
as a master in lyric, epic, and dramatic poetry, and as a writer of
notable prose. The character and genius of the poet are considered
as influenced by the poHtical and rehgious conflict of the times.
Special emphasis is placed on the comparison of Milton's work with
that of other great writers who have used the same Hterary forms.

205. The British Ballad.

Open to students, except freshmen, who have completed or are taking
a grade I course. Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Hibbard.

The course studies the Enghsh and Scottish popular ballad and
the modern Hterary baUad. Special attention wiU be given to folk
lore elements in the baUad and to the significance of the recent re-
vival of interest in folk dance and story.

206. Development of English Prose Fiction to 1830.

Open to students, except freshmen, who have completed or are taking a
grade I course. Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Tuell.

The course outHnes the progress of modern English prose fiction,
from its rise in the Elizabethan Age through its eighteenth century
development in Defoe, Richardson, Fielding, Goldsmith, Fanny
Burney, etc., ending with Jane Austen, Scott, and the period of
Scott influence. Its main emphasis is upon the novel of manners,
with consideration of various other types.

207. Introduction to Arthurian Romance.

Open to students, except freshmen, who have completed or are taking a
grade I course. Three hours a week for the year.

Miss Hibbard.

The course studies in the first semester the Arthurian Chronicles,
Marie de France and Chretien de Troies in translation, with close

1920-21 English 79

reading of Malory's Morte Darthur and with general lectures. In
the second semester, the work deals with the cycles of Merhn,
Tristan, Gawain, Lancelot, and the Grail; the English metrical
Arthurian romances and, as time permits, modem forms of the
Arthurian story.

208. English Literature or the Fourteenth Century.

Open to students, except freshmen, who have completed or are taking
a grade I course; to sophomores who have completed English Com-
position loi (i of igig-2o) with credit and who plan a major conclud-
ing with course 308 {10 of iQig-20); to juniors who plan a major
concluding with course 308 {10 of jgi^zo). Three hours a week for
a year.

Miss Shackford.

The course centers in a study of Chaucer's development as a
poet. Attention is paid to his chief Latin, French, and Italian
sources, and to contemporary English literature which illustrates
the life and ideals of the Middle Ages. Special study is made of a
few metrical romances and of Piers Plowman.

209. Versification.

Open to students, except freshmen, who have completed or are taking
one full course in the department of English Literature, and also to
those majoring in English Composition. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Manwaring.

The course has as its object in general such study of the principles
of English versification as m.ay give to the student of Uterature a
keener appreciation of poetic expression; and in particular, for
those interested in writing verse, opportunity for experiment and
criticism.

SOL Social Ideals in English Letters. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to seniors who have completed two full courses in English Liter-
ature or Economics or History, or who have completed one full course in
any of these departments and are taking another course. Three hours
a week for a year.

Miss Scudder.

The course studies the expression in English Uterature of social
compunction, social criticisrfi, and social ideals. It covers a swift
surv^ey from the time of Piers Plowman to that of Blake, and a
closer consideration of the literature of the nineteenth and twentieth
centuries in its social bearing.

80 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

302. Tendencies of Twentieth Century Poetry. (Not offered in

1920-21.)
Open only to juniors and seniors who have already completed two
full courses in the department. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Bates.

The course proposes to point out the special significance, as
related to the English tradition, of the work of certain contemporary
poets, Enghsh and American, especially those who have won dis-
tinction since 1900.

303. Contemporary Drama.

Open to students who have completed or are taking a full course of
grade III in the department. Two hours a week for a year.

Miss Waite.

The modern Enghsh drama is considered in relation to par-
allel European drama.

304. Development of English Drama.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed a grade I course, and
have completed or are taking a full year course, or two semester courses
of grade II; also to juniors who are beginning their major with course
208 {8 of igig-20), and propose to complete it with course 308 {10 of
jgig-20). Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Wood.

The course traces the history of Enghsh drama from the begin-
nings in folk-plays and the liturgy of the Church, through the
INIiracles and Moralities, the Ehzabethan dramatists, and the
comedy and tragedy of the seventeenth and the eighteenth cen-
turies, to the final development into contemporary forms.

305. Shakespeare: Selected Plays.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed a grade I course^
and have completed or are taking a full year course or two semester
courses of grade II; also to juniors who are beginning their major
with course 208 (8 of igig-20), and propose to complete it with course
308 (10 of igig-20). Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Conant.

Close study of six plays, selected to illustrate Shakespeare's
earlier and later work. The course emphasizes the literary study of
Shakespeare. It gives opportunity for training in imaginative,
scholarly, vital study of the text. For 1920-21 the plays are Twelfth
Night, Romeo and Juliet, II Henry IV, Hamlet, Antony and Cleo-
patra, and The Winter's Tale.

1920-21 English 81

306. Victorian Prose.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed a grade I course, and
have completed or are taking a full year course or two semester courses,
of grade II. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Tuell.

The course considers, with the necessary reference to historical
background, the distinctive values of Victorian prose, making a
comparatively even division of time between the essay and the
novel. The stress in class is laid upon Dickens, Carlyle, Newman,
Thackeray, George Ehot, Ruskin, Arnold, Meredith, with briefer
study of the minor novelists, and some notice of late Victorians in
their contact with the present era.

307. English Poetry of the Nineteenth Century.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed a grade I course, and
have completed or are taking a full year course, or two semester courses,
of grade II. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Sherwood.

The course considers the work of the great Georgian and Vic-
torian poets in their relation to one another and to contemporary
thought. Extended study is given to Wordsworth and Coleridge;
Shelley and Keats; Tennyson and Browning; with briefer readings
from Byron, Scott, Landor, Clough, Arnold, Rossetti, Morris, and
Swinburne.

308. Historical Development of English Literature.

Open to graduates, and required of seniors who are majoring in English
Literature and have not had course loi (i of igig-2o) or its equivalent.
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Lock wood.

The course proposes a study of the development of English
literature from the time of Beowulf to the end of the Victorian age.
It aims to focus attention upon successive phases of national thought
and hfe as expressed in salient and representative books.

309. Shakespeare. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course loi, ajid have
completed or are taking a full year course, or two semester courses, of
grade II; also to juniors who are beginning their major with course 208.
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Bates.

Shakespeare's plays and sonnets wiU all be read and discussed,
and a few selected plays will be closely studied. The Tudor and

82 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Stuart times, and Shakespeare's life and art, as changing with the
times, will form the background of the work.

321. Modern Authors.

Ope7t to graduates, and to approved seniors who have completed two
full courses in the department. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Shackford.

Two or more authors are chosen each year for special study.
In 1920-21 the choice is Wordsworth, Keats, and Browning.

322. English Romanticism. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to graduates, and to approved seniors who have completed two
full courses in the department. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Sherwood.

A study of the Romantic Movement in England, from its begin-
nings in the eighteenth century, on through the work of the early
nineteenth century poets. Certain phases of the relation of Eng-
lish to German literature and to French literature during the period
of reaction are studied.

323. Critical Studies in English Drama. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to graduates and to approved seniors. Three hours a week for
a year.

Miss Bates.

The course attempts to give graduate training in literary inves-
tigation. To each student is assigned some special problem of
source, authorship, or the like, which she pursues till her conclusion
is reached, reporting progress from week to week in the seminar.

324. Special Studies in American Literature.

Open to graduates, and to approved seniors who are making a twelve-
hour major. Of the three other courses, one must be course 202. Three
hours a week for a year.

Mr. Young.

The course studies the interpretation of American hfe in the na-
tional literature.

325. Beginnings of the English Renaissance from Caxton to

Shakespeare. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to graduates, and to approved seniors who have completed two
full courses in the department. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Conant.

1920-21 English 83

The course aims to give graduate training, and so to present
the beginnings of the English Renaissance that the student may
rightly estimate the achievements of the great Elizabethans.

326. Medleval English Literature.

Open to graduates, and to approved seniors who have completed two
full courses {not including course 208) in the department. Three hours
a week for a year.

Miss Hibbard.

The course introduces students to the types of literature growing
out of the social and rehgious movements of the thirteenth and four-
teenth centuries. Extended study is given to the works of Chaucer
and to the problems in criticism and scholarship to which they give
rise.

II. English Composition

PROFESSOR: SOPHIE CHANTAL HART, M.A.

Associate Professors: Agnes Frances Perkins, M.A.

Josephine Harding Batchelder,^ M.A.

Amy Kelly, M.A.

Helen Sard Hughes, Ph.D.
Assistant Professors: Elizabeth Wheeler Manwaring, B.A.

Alfred Dwight Sheffield, M.A.

Annie Kimball Tuell, M.A.

Frances Lester Warner, B.A.

INSTRUCTORS: HeLENE BuHLERT BULLOCK, M.A.

Elisabeth Wilkins Thomas, M.A.
Frances Bradshaw Blanshard, M.A.
101 f. General Survey.

Required of freshmen. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Perkins, Miss Kelly,

Mr. Sheffeeld, Miss Tuell, Miss Warner,

Mrs. Bullock, Miss Thomas, Mrs. Blanshard.

First semester: expository writing, v,ith emphasis on structure.
Weekly themes. Second semester: expository writing, critical and
interpretative; description; simple narrative. Fortnightly themes
or their equivalent.

102. Intermediate Course in Expository Writing.

Required of students who have made D grade in the second semester of
course loi (i of igig-20). Three hours a week for one semester.

Mr. Sheffleld.

J Absent on leave.

t If a student submits papers notably deficient in English as part of her work, in any
department, she will incur a condition in English Composition, whether or not she has com-
pleted the requirement in English Composition.

84 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

201. Oral Exposition.

Open to sophomores and juniors who have completed course loi (i of
igiQ-2o) . Three hours a week for the first semester.

Mr. Sheffield.

The analysis of contemporary subjects, and the preparation of
written outlines and of speeches based upon them.

202. Special Types of Oral Exposition.

Open to sophomores and juniors who have completed course loi (i of
igig-2o). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Mr. Sheffield.
This course is a continuation of course 201.

The work deals with the methods of organization and presenta-
tion in group discussion.

203. Advanced Expository Writing.

Open to sophomores and juniors who have completed course loi (i of
igigt-20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Perkins, Miss Hughes.

A critical study of the abstract, the editorial, the review, the
special article, as exempHfied in the newspaper and the weekly peri-
odical. Fortnightly themes.

204. Advanced Expository Writing.

Open to sophomores and juniors who have completed course loi (z of
igig-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Perkins, Miss Hughes.

This course is a continuation of course 203. The essay form,
biography, the critical review, the sketch, the interpretative study
of prose style. Fortnightly themes or their equivalent.

205. Argumentation and Debates.

Open to sophomores and juniors who have completed course loi (i of
igig-20). Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Kelly.
Debates throughout the year.

301. Narrative Writing.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course 10 1 (i of igig-
20). Two hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Manwaring.

1920-21 English 85

Four narratives, approximately i,8oo words each. Study of
principles and forms of narrative writing, including analysis of one
novel.

302. Short Themes.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course loi (i of
igig-2o). Two hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Manwaring.

This course is a continuation of course 301.

Practice in writing briefly on many sorts of subjects to increase
suppleness and precision of style, with especial consideration of
diction and sentence form and rhythm.

Short themes. Reading and class discussion of the theory and
practice of various writers.

303. The Theory and History of Criticism.

Open to juniors and seniors. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Hart.

Lectures on the critical theory of Plato and Aristotle and on the
more important Enghsh and French critics.

304. Advanced Course in English Composition.

Open to seniors who have completed courses 201. 202, or 20 j. 204 or
205 or 301. 302. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Hart.

Studies in exposition, description, and narration, with one piece
of dramatization or an original play. Frequent practice in writing.

III. English Language

Associate Professor: Laura Emma Lockwood, Ph.D. (Chairman).
Professor: Alice Vinton Waite, M.A.
Assistant Professor: Alfred Dwiqht Sheffield, M.A:

301. Old English.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed a year of language
in college. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Sheffield.

A study of the grammar and vocabulary of Old English. The
reading of Beowulf and of selections from old Enghsh poetry and
prose.

86 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

302. History or the English Language, (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Waite.

Origin and structure of the English Language in vocabulary,
grammatical inflections, and syntax as the basis of modern usage.

303. Seminar in Old English. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to graduates, and to seniors by permission of the department.
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Lockwood.

A study of Old English inflections, phonology, and syntax. The
reading of the best pieces of literature in Old Enghsh prose and
poetry. A particular problem in either literature or language is
assigned to each student for investigation.

FRENCH

Professor: Louis Perdriau,' Lie. es L.
Assistant Professor: Eunice Clara Smith-Goard,^ M.A.

Visiting Professor: Blanche Conorton, Agregee d-histoire.

Instructors: Mathilde Boutron Damazy, B. es L. (Chairman).
Gladys Priscilla Haines, B.A,
Dorothy Warner Dennis, B.A.
Florence Beard Bracq, M.A.
Marthe Pugny.
Ruth Elvira Clark, Litt.D.
Marie Elizabeth Ponsolle, Professorat (langues).

All courses beginning with course loi are conducted in French.

101 +. Elementary Course. French phonetics, grammar, composi-
tion, reading, exercises in speaking, and dictation.

Open to all undergraduates. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Dennis, Miss Bracq.

The course includes (i) a practical study of French pronunciation,
phonetic drill; (2) the practical study of French grammar; (3)
readings on French hfe and French institutions.

' Absent on Sabbatical leave.

' Absent on leave.

J First -year French may not be counted toward the B.A. degree if taken after the
sophomore year, nor second-year French if taken after the junior year. French loi and
German loi may not both be counted toward the B.A. degree.

1920-21 French 87

102t. Intermediate Course. French phonetics, syntax, composition;

READINGS FROM CONTEMPORARY AUTHORS OF NOTE; EXERCISES IN
SPEAKING; WRITING FROM DICTATION.

Open to all students who have completed course loi (i of igig-26), or
the two unit admission requirement in French. Three hours a week
for a year.

Miss Dennis, Miss Bracq.

The course includes (i) a practical study of French pronuncia-
tion with phonetic drill; (2) a systematic review of syntax intro,
ductory to theme writing and oral narrative; (3) selected readings-
prepared and sight, from modern writers.

103. TmED French Course.

Open to students who have met the three unit admission requirement
in French, also to those who have completed course 102 (2 of igig-20).
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Haines, Miss Dennis, Miss Pugny, Miss Clark.

The aim of this course is the acquisition by the student of a reason-
able degree of proficiency in the use of spoken and written French,
both as an end in itself and as a preparation for more advanced
work in language and in Hterature. It includes a careful study of
pronunciation, with phonetic drill; grammar and free composi-
tion, with frequent written exercises and themes; varied reading
with the apphcation of lecture expliquie methods; it affords oppor-
tunity for constant practice in the written and the spoken language.

201. Practical French. Translation, themes, and oral composition.

Open, in ig20-2i, to students who have completed courses 3. 5, or
24. 2g of igig-20; thereafter, to students who have completed course
10 J. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Ponsolle.

This course continues the plan of course 103 with additional
emphasis on fluency and flexibihty in the use of the language.
Together with the various kinds of work enumerated, it includes the
careful study of selected passages of prose and poetry {lecture ex-
pliquee) and more extensive parallel readings.

t First-year French may not be counted toward the B.A. degree if taken after the
sophomore year, nor second-year French if taken after the junior year. French loi and
German loi may not both be counted toward the B.A. degree.

88 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

202. Practical Phonetics with Advanced Grammar and Composition.

Open, in ip20-2i, to students who have completed courses 3. 5, or
24. 2g of igip-20; thereafter, to students who have completed course
103. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Clark.

The course consists of a series of lessons in practical phonetics
and advanced grammar, with weekly written or oral exercises based
on the lessons.

301. The Classical Period of French Literature.

Open, in ig20-2i, to seniors who have completed courses 3. 5, or
24. 2g of igig-20, and to juniors and sophomores who have com-
pleted courses 3. 5 or 24. 2g with a grade of B in the second semester.
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Damazy, Miss Ponsolle.

As an introduction to this course, a short study will be made
of the origin of French classicism in the Renaissance movement of
the sixteenth century; but the main object of the course will be
the study of the evolution of French classical Hterature during the
seventeenth century, in the works of the great dramatists and prose
writers: Descartes, Corneille, Racine, MoUere, La Fontaine,
Boileau, Mme. de Sevigne, Pascal, etc.

302. Literature of the French Revolution.

Open, in ig20-2i, to students who have completed course 301 (12 of
igig-20), thereafter, to students having completed course 201. Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Damazy.

This course aims to give a comprehensive view of the Hterature
of the French Revolution as exemphfied in certain representative
philosophers and orators: Voltaire, J. J. Rousseau, Diderot, Mira-
beau, Robespierre, etc.

A special study will be made of the origin of French Romanticism
as found in the work of Rousseau and his disciples in France and
abroad.

303. The Romantic and the Realistic Periods of the Nineteenth

Century.

Open to students who have completed course 302 {g of igig-20) . Three
hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Damazy.

1920-21 French 89

This course treats of French romanticism as expressed in the
works of the masters of its various forms — criticism, drama, lyric,
novel. The writers studied include: Lamartine, Hugo, Vigny,
Musset, G. Sand, Balzac, Flaubert, Taine, Renan, etc,

304. Conversation and Jouiinal Club.

Open, in 1920-21, to juniors and settlors who have completed course
301 {12 of ipiQ-20). One hour a week for a year.

Miss Conorton.

Oral reports, reviews, and discussion of important magazine
articles, together with a short account, usually at each meeting of
the class, of current events in France. The aim of the course is
twofold: practice in the use of the spoken language, and a brief
study of the France of to-day and of French institutions.

305. Intensive Reading and Advanced Composition.

Open, in 1920-21, to students who have completed course joi {12 of
1919-20), also to seniors taking course joi {12 of 1919-20). Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Conorton.

Together with the intensive reading of short passages widely
varied in character the plan of this course includes practical pho-
netics for continued training in pronunciation, grammar, and com-
position. French '' lecture expliquee" methods, emphasis on oral
work.

307. Contemporary French Literature from the beginning of the
Naturalistic Period to the Present Time.

Open, in 1920-21, to juniors and seniors who have completed course
301 (12 of 1919-20), thereafter to seniors who have completed either
course joi or courses 302 and 303. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Conorton.

The object of this course is to give to advanced students general
information about contemporary French novelists, poets, dram-
atists, critics, and philosophers. The authors studied as repre-
sentative of the contemporary French period are: E. Zola, G. de
Maupassant, A. Daudet, P. Loti, P. Bourget, A. France, M. Barres,
Baudelaire, Leconte de Lisle, J. M. de Heredia, F. Coppee, Sully-
Prudhomme, P. Verlaine, H. de Regnier, Madame de Noailles;
M. Maeterlinck, E. Rostand; F. Brunetiere, J. Lemaitre; H.
Poincare, H. Bergson, and the war- writers.

90 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

308. Studies in Style. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course 7. One hour a week for
a year.

This course is related to course 307.

321. Old French and Old French Literature. (Not offered in

1920-21.)

Open to graduates and to seniors by permission of the department.
Three hours a week for a year.

Phonology with reading of La Vie de St. Alexis, La Chanson de
Roland, Aucassin et Nicolete, Chretien de Troyes. Gaston Paris:
Extraits des Chroniqueurs franqais. Selections from Constans:
Chrestomathie de Vancien franqais. The history of the French
language is traced from its origin to the present time, and illus-
trated by texts read. For reference, Darmesteter: Grammaire
Historique; Gaston Paris: Manuel de la litterature franqaise du
moyen age; also standard works on the subject in the college Hbrary.
Lectures, critical reading.

322. Old Provencal. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to graduate sttddents only.

This course is complementarj'- to course 321. Together these
courses mark the synchronic lines of development of the langue
d'oil and the langue d'oc.

The department is prepared to direct research work for graduate
students in special subjects in Old French and Old French litera-
ture, also in modern French language and literature.

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY

Professor: Elizabeth Florette Fisher, B.S.
Associate Professor: Mary Jean Lanier, B.S.

Instructor: Margaret Terrell Parker, B.S.

ASSISTANT: FRANCES VANDERVOORT TRIPP, B.A.

Laboratory Assistant: Esther Rippard Trethaway, B.A.
101. General Geology.

Open to all undergraduates. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Fisher, Miss Lanier, Miss Parker, Miss Tripp.

First Semester — Physiography, A study of the work which wind,
waves, rivers, glaciers, volcanoes, and earth movements have done
and are doing to shape the earth's surface. This study explains the

1920-21 Geology and Geography 91

origin of hills and valleys, of plains, plateaus and mountains, of con-
tinents and ocean basins, and makes clear the ways in which these
surface features have affected man's life on the earth.

Second Semester — Historical Geology. The origin of the earth
and its history from the time of its origin until the present. The
evolution of Hfe on the earth traced from its earliest known appear-
ance through its recent development.

Lectures and recitations are accompanied by parallel studies in
the laboratory and by field and museum excursions.

Geology

201. Earth Evolution.

Open to juniors and seniors. Not open to students who have completed
Geology loi (8 of igig-20) or i of igig-20. Three hours a week for
the first semester.

Miss Parker.

The origin and evolution of the earth and the Hfe on it as re-
vealed by a study of the rocks of past geologic ages and the fossils
they contain. The study includes an explanation of the earth's
present surface features, and of the processes by which";they have
been formed and are now being modified.

Lectures, class discussions, laboratory and field work.

202. Economic Mineralogy,

Open to students who have completed course loi or 201 {8 or i of
igig-20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Fisher.

A study of the more important minerals. Those minerals are
selected which are noteworthy either because they are essential
constituents of rocks, or because they are of value economically.
The treatment will include a study of the principles of crystallog-
raphy; the sight recognition of minerals by means of their physical
properties; the mode of occurrence and field associations of those
minerals; the uses to which they are put industrially; the geographic
location and methods of development of mineral deposits of
economic importance, with especial emphasis upon the mineral
resources of the United States.

203. Petrography. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed Geology 202. Three hours a week
for the second semester.

A study of the more important igneous, sedimentary, and meta-
morphic rocks. The work is intended to afford the student an

92 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

opportunity to become thoroughly familiar with the macroscopic
characteristics of the principal rock types and the methods of petro-
graphical study, and to enable the student to gain some acquaint-
ance with the theories of modern petrology.
Lectures, class discussions, and laboratory work.

301. Field Geology.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course loi (8 of
igig-26), and a grade II course, or course 201 (i of igig-20). Three
hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Parker.

Advanced field study of the region including the Boston Basin
and areas immediately surrounding it. The course attempts to
train the student to determine and to interpret independently the
physiographic and structural geology of the region studied. It
deals further with the relation between the physical features of the
area and its economic and commercial development.

Field study is accompanied by lectures, class discussions, and labo-
ratory work.

305. Seminar in Geology and Geography. (See Geography 305.)

Geography

204. Climatology. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course loi or 201 (8 or i of
jgig-20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Lanier.

A study of the relations of climate to man. The course is designed
to give an understanding of the elements and the controls of chmates;
the characteristics of the leading types of climate and the distribu-
tion of those types throughout the world; the ways in which chmate
influences the economic development of regions.

Lectures, recitations, and laboratory work.

205. Industrial and Commercial Geography.

Open to juniors and seniors and to sophomores who have completed
course loi {8 of igig-20). To count toward a major in the de-
partment, hut not to count toward the science requirement. Three
hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Laneer.

A study of world production and world trade as influenced by geo-
graphic factors. The aim of the course is to give the student an
understanding of the geographic conditions which favor the de-

1920-21 Geology and Geography 93

velopment of the various types of industries, as pastoral, agricul-
tural, forest, mining, and manufacturing activities; the areas which
furnish the important commercial products and the conditions of
their production; the geographic basis of trade and the great con-
tinental and ocean trade routes; the location and growth of conmier-
cial centers; types of commercial nations.

206. Conservation of Our Natural Resources.

Open to juniors and seniors. To count toward a major in the depart-
ment hut not to count toward the science requirement. Three hours a
week jor the second semester.

Miss Fisher.

A study of the natural resources of the United States, — soils,
forests, minerals, and waters; the complete dependence of the na-
tion's industries upon them, and the efficient use of these resources
that they may serve the greatest number of people for the longest
time. The course includes the study of the need for reducing soil
waste, supplying fertihzers for worn-out soil, reclaiming swamp and
arid lands, increasing agricultural production and conserving
mineral fuels and metals, and of the methods of attaining these
results. The course further deals \\dth problems of forest protec-
tion, water supply, control of water power, and the use of inland
waterv,-ays. The course helps to establish principles of good citi-
zenship.

302. Geographic Intluences in the Development op the United

States.

Open to juniors and setiiors who have completed either course loi
{8 of igig-2o), and a grade II course in the department, or course i
or 3 of igig-20. Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Fisher.

Regional geography of the United States in its physical, economic,
commercial, and historical aspects; including a study of the relation
of the continent to the world as a whole, and the influence of its
natural resources upon its industrial development and upon the
course of American History.

303. Geographic Influences in the Development of Europe.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course loi {8 of
igig-26), and a grade II course in the department, or course i or 3 of
igig-20. Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Lanier.

Regional geography of Europe in its physical, economic, com-
mercial, and historical aspects; including a study of the relation of

94 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

the continent to the world as a whole, and the influence of its
natural resources upon its industrial and historical development.

304. Geographic Influences in the Development of South America.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course loi {8 of
igiQ-2o), and a grade II course in the department, or course i or
3 of igig-20. Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Lanier.

Regional geography of South America in its physical, economic,
commercial, and historical aspects; including a study of the relation
of the continent to the world as a whole, and the influence of its
natural resources upon the present and probable future develop-
ment of the several countries.

305. Seminar in Geology and Geography. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to graduate students and to seniors by permission of the depart-
ment. Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Fisher.

The course begins with a study of the methods of individual
research. Early in the course a selected topic is assigned to each
student for investigation and reports of the individual work are pre-
sented weekly. In this way the work of the seminar is adapted to
the needs of the individual student. The student wishing primarily
a geographic problem is assigned a selected area in which she is to
study the geographic factors which have influenced its develop-
ment. A student desiring geologic research is assigned a problem
in historical, structural, or physiographic Geology.

GERMAN

Professor: Margarethe Muller.
Associate Professor: Natalie Wipplinger, Ph.D.

101 1- Elementary Course. Grammar, reading, oral and written
exercises.

Open to all students. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Wipplinger.

The texts used in this course are made the basis for a study of
grammatical forms and rules, for speaking exercises and composi-
tion work. Frequent written exercises are required.

t First-year German may not be counted toward the B.A. degree if taken after the
sophomore year, nor second-year German if taken after the junior year. German loi and
French loi may not both be counted toward the B.A. degree.

1920-21 German 95

102t. Elementary Course. Reading, free reproduction, written and

ORAL EXERCISES, SHORT THEMES, MEMORIZING OF POEMS.

Open to all students who have completed course loi (i of igig-20)
or the two tmit admission requirement in German. Three hours a
week for a year.

Miss Wipplinger.

The methods are the same as in course loi. In connection with
the reading special attention is given to the learning of the more
common idioms. Some pages of easy reading are required outside
of the regular class assignments. Several poems are memorized.
Frequent written tests or short themes are required.

Course 102 is intended to fit students to enter courses 201, 202,
203.

103. Grammar and Composition.

Open to freshmen who have met the three unit admission requirement
in German, and required in connection with course 104. Course 103
camiot be taken without course 104. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Muller.
Review of elementary grammar and study of more advanced
grammar. Bi-weekly themes; grammatical -exercises based on texts
read in course 104.

104. Outline History of German Literature.

Open to freshmen who have met the three unit admission requirement
in Germafi, and required in connection with course loj. Course
104 cannot be taken without course 10 j. Two hours a week for a year.

Miss Muller.
The object of this course is to furnish the student with the vocab-
ulary necessary for the reading and discussion of literature, and
to give her a general historical background for the more detailed
study of German Hterature in subsequent courses. Texts used:
Stroebe and Whitney, Histor}'- of German Literature, Wenckebach's
Meisterwerke, Goethe's Dichtung und Wahrheit (Jagemann).

201. Grammar and Composition.

Open to sophomores, jmiiors, and seniors who have completed course

102 or equivalent, and required of those taking courses 202 and 20J.

Course 201 camiot be taken without courses 202, 203. One hour a

week for a year.

Miss Wipplinger.

The aim of this course is to give the student practice in oral and

written expression. Bi-weekly themes; grammatical exercises

based on the material treated in courses 202 and 203.

96 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

202. History of German Literature.

Open to sophomores, jttniors, aful seniors who have completed course
102 or equivalent, and required in comiection with course 201. Course
202 cannot be taken without course 201. Two hours a week for the first
semester.

Miss Wipplinger.

The course consists of discussions, reading, and occasional lectures
on the history of German literature before Goethe. The aim of
the course is to trace the parallel development of the language,
literature, social conditions, and religious ideals of the times. Works
read and discussed are: the Hildehrandslied, selections from the
Nibelungenlied, the works of Wolfram, Gottfried, Hartmann, the
Minnesingers and the Meistersingers, Volkslied, selections from
Luther, Hans Sachs, — all according to Wenckebach's Meisterwerke.
Occasional reference to Scherer's and Vogt und Koch's Geschichte
der deutschen Literatur.

203. History of German Literature.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed course
202, and to others by permission of the department; required in connec-
tion with course 201. Course 20 j cannot be taken without course 201.
Two hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Wipplinger.

The course is a continuation of course 202; the methods and
aims are the same. Chief topic: the classical period in German
literature, with special emphasis on Lessing, Herder, Schiller,
Goethe.

204. Schiller's Life and Works (Introductory Course).

Open to students who have completed courses loj. 104 (5. 10 of 191Q-
26), or 201, 202, 203 {8, 15, 16 of igig-20). Three hours a week
for the first semester.

Miss Wipplinger.

Lectures, discussions. Study of Schiller's life and some of his
important dramatic works. Texts: Boyesen's Schiller's Life; Die
Rduher (Cotta) ; Wallenstein (Carruth) ; Schiller's Gedichte (Cotta) ;
Schiller's Brief e (Kiihnemann).

205. Goethe's Life and Works (Introductory Course).

Open to students who have completed course 204 {22 of 1919-20).
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Mijller.

1920-21 German 97

Lectures, discussions. Study of the principal characteristics
of Goethe's life and works to the time of his literary co-operation
with Schiller. Works discussed in class: Goiz von Berlichingen,
Iphigenie, selected poems (Goebel). Interpretation of "Storm
and Stress" in connection with Gotz, of German classicism in
connection ^vith Iphigenie. Supplementary discussion of some of
the following: Goethe's Brief e (Langewiesche), Dichtung und
Wahrheit, Euripides' Iphigenie, Boyesen's Life of Goethe.

206. German Lyrics and Ballads. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed courses 103, 104 or 201, 202,
20J, and are taking other work in German. One hour a week for a
year.

Historical study of Minnegesang, Volkslied, and the principal
lyric poets up to the present day.

207. Studies in Modern German Idiom. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students taking other work in German, who have completed
courses loj. 104 or 201, 202, 20J, and by special permission to those
who have completed course 102. One hour a week for a year.

This course is designed to aid the student in acquiring a larger
working vocabulary. Modern German texts are used as a basis
of study. Constant oral and frequent written practice.

301. The German Novel. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors who have cotnpleted or are taking three
hours of grade II. Two hours a week for a year.

Lectures on the historical development of the German novel
before Goethe. Special study of some of the representative novels
by Goethe, Eichendorff, Freytag, Spielhagen, Keller, Storm,
Sudermann, and others, illustrative of certain important phases
of German KuUurgeschichte.

302. History of the German Language. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed three hours of grade
II and are taking other work in German. One hour a week for a
year.

This course aims to give a fuller and more thorough understand-
ing of modern German through the study of its historical develop-
ment. Text-book: Behagel's Die deutsche Sprache.

98 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

303. Middle High German (Introductory Course). (Not offered in

1920-21.)
Open to juniors and seniors who have completed at least three hours
of grade II. Three hours a week for the second semester.

Survey of Middle High German forms and sounds. Transla-
tion of Middle High German epic and lyric poetry into the modern
idiom.

304. Goethe's Faust, Part I.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed courses 204. 205
{22. II of igig-20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Muller.

Study of the pre-Goethean development of the Faust legend in
its more important hterary forms. Close study of the text of
Goethe's Faust, Part I. Collateral readings and reports on the
relation of the poem to Goethe's life and times. Part II. will be
treated in a few final lectures.

305. The German Romantic School.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course 304 {31 of
igig-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Wipplinger.

A study of the development and spirit of the German Romantic
School. Outside reading assigned from the following reference
books: Haym, Brandes, Beers, on Romanticism; R. Huch's Bliltezeit
der Romantik; Hillebrandt's Lectures on German Thought; Boyesen's
Essays; Heilborn's Novalis. Class work is based on the works of
Friedrich Schlegel, NovaUs, Tieck, Chamisso, Eichendorff, Heine,
and others.

306. Lessing as Dramatist and Critic (Seminary Course). (Not offered

in 1920-21.)
Open to seniors who have completed three hours of grade III, and to
others by special permission. Three hours a week for the second
semester.

Miss Wipplinger.

Treatment of Lessing's critical work in literature, theology, and
aesthetics. Works read and discussed are: Minna von Barnhelm,
Emilia Galotti, Nathan der Weise, Die Hamhurgische Dratnaturgie,
Laokoon, Axiomata, Anti-Gotze, Erzichung des Menschengeschlechts.
Reference books: Erich Schmidt's Lessing, Kuno Fischer's Lessing
als Reformator der deutschen Literatur, Kuno Fischer's Lessing's
Nathan, and others.

1920-21 Greek 99

307. Goethe, Advanced Course (Seminary Course).

Open to seniors who have completed course J04 (31 of igiQ-20) and
at least one other three-hour semester course of grade III; students
not taking course 304 till the senior year, may by special permission
enter course 307. Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Muller.

Study of Goethe's lyrics, ballads, later dramas, parts of Faust II.,
Wilhelm Meister, and other works. Collateral reading in the Goethe
Jahrbuch, and from Eckermann, Graf, Hamack, and others. Con-
sideration of Goethe's relation to other literatures, and as art-critic.

308. Nineteenth Century Drama.

Open to seniors who have completed course 307 {32 of igig-20).
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Wipplinger.

Special study of Kleist, Grillparzer, Otto Ludwig, Hebbel, Ibsen,
Hauptmann, Sudermann, and others; their relation to classic and
romantic art, and to the social and philosophical problems of the
century.

309. Schiller as Philosopher and Writer on Esthetics (Seminary

Course). (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to seniors who have completed course 204 (22 of igig-20) and at
hast three hours of grade III. Three hours a week for the first semester.

Study of Schiller through his correspondence with Korner,
Goethe, etc., and his philosophic-aesthetic poems and essays. These
are read and discussed in class.

310. Gothic. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to graduates and to seniors by permission of the instructor.
Three hours a week for the second semester.

GREEK

Professors: Katharine May Edwards, Ph.D.
Alice VMlton, Ph.D.

101. Beginning Greek.

Open to all students. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Edwards.

The aim of the course is to cover in one year the fundamental facts
of Greek grammar with practice in reading and writing. The text-

100 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

book is Allen's First Year in Greek. The longer selections for read-
ing are from Plato, but quotations from other masterpieces of prose
and poetry are included.

201. Second Year Greek.

Open to students who have completed course loi {13 of igig-20) or
the two unit admissiott requirement. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Walton.

First semester: Plato; Apology and selections from other dia-
logues.

Second semester: Homer; Selected books of Iliad or Odyssey.

202. Plato: Apology and selections from other dialogues; Homer:

Odyssey (six or seven books); Euripides: one drama.

Open to students who have met the three unit admission requirement.
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Edwards, Miss Walton.

203. Greek Literature in English Translations.

Open to juniors and seniors, and to sophomores who have completed
one full course in Greek, or Art, or English Literature. One hour a
week for a year.

Miss Edwards.

The work of the first semester will be the reading and study of
Homer, with class discussions, and lectures on the development
of Epic and Lyric Poetry. The second semester will be given to the
critical study of several plays with lectures on the development of
Greek Drama.

301. Fifth Century Prose and Poetry.

Open to students who have completed course 201 or 202 {14 or i of
igig-20). Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Edwards.

Rapid reading, partly in class, of selections from Herodotus
(Battles of Marathon and Thermopylae) and Thucydides (De-
mocracy of Athens). Reading and study of dramas of iEschylus,
Sophocles and Euripides, at least one of each.

302. Greek Lyric Poetry.

Open to students who have completed course 301 or 4 of igig-20.
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Edwards.

1920-21 Greek 101

Special study of the poems of Sappho and Alcaeus; Pindar and
Bacchylides; Theocritus. Lectures on development of Greek
Lyric Poetry. Reading of Plato's Ion and Aristotle's Poetics.

303. Homeric Seminary. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course 302. Three hours a week
for a year.

Miss Edwards.

Critical study of selected portions of the Iliad, with discussions
and lectures on special problems.

304. Greek Dialects. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed one full course of grade III.
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Edwards.

A comparative study of the Greek dialects, their characteristics
and their relations to each other, with reading and study of inscrip-
tions and selected texts.

305. Modern Greek. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed one full course of grade III. One
hour a week for a year.

Miss Edwards.

The course has two objects: first, a practical one, to give some
acquaintance with the spoken and written Greek of to-day; second,
a linguistic one, to trace the historical development of the language
from classical times to the present.

306. General Introduction to the Science of Language. (Not

offered in 1920-21.)

Open to seniors and juniors who have had one year of Greek. One hour
a week for a year and an additional hour in alternate weeks. To count
as one and one-half hours.

Miss Edwards.

Lectures on the origin and nature of language and the principles
of its life and growth; outline studies in phonetics; classification of
languages; groups of the Indo-European languages with chief
characteristics.

For additional courses see Classical Archaeology.
For courses in the study of Greek Testament see Biblical
History.

102 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

HISTORY

Professors: Julia Swift Orvis, Ph.D.

Mabel Elisabeth Hodder, Ph.D.
Associate Professors: Edna Virginia Moffett,^ Ph.D.
Barnette Miller, Ph.D.

Assistant Professors: Edward Ely Curtis, Ph.D.

Judith Blow Williams, Ph.D.
Instructors: Brewer Goddard Whitmore, M.A.
Margaret Bancroft, M.A.

101 1 Political History of England to 1485.

Open to freshmen, sophomores, and juniors, and to seniors who have
taken no college course in History. Three hours a week for the first
semester.

Miss Williams.

102|. Political History of England from 1485 to the Present Time.

Open to sophofKores, juniors, and seniors as above, and to freshmen
who have completed course loi (i of igig-20), or who ofered English
History as an admission subject. Three hours a week for the second
semester.

Miss Williams.

The aim of these courses is to train students in the use of his-
torical material and in dealing with historical problems. Emphasis
is laid on the political, social, and industrial|conditions which have
developed the England of to-day.

103 J. History of Western Europe from the Fifth Century to the
Treaties of Westphalia.

Open to all undergraduates. Three hours a week for a year.

Mrs. Hodder, Miss Miller,
Miss Williams, Miss Bancroft.

A general survey of the history of Western Europe from the
decline of Rome to the middle of the seventeenth century. Em-
phasis is laid upon such topics as: the mediaeval Empire, the
Papacy, feudalism, monasticism, the Crusades, the rise of towns.
Hundred Years' War, mediaeval and Renaissance life and culture,
the Reformation, and the beginnings of modem nationalities.
The course aims to train students in methods of historical work
and to furnish a background for the detailed study of particular
periods.

» Absent on leave.

X Courses loi and 102, or course 103, or course 104 are prerequisite to later election.

1920-21 History 103

104t. Medieval Life and Institutions. (Not given in 1920-21.)
Open to all undergraduates. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Mopfett.

The course will cover the histor}^ of Europe to the close of the
fourteenth century. It will deal especially with those phases of
medioeval Kfe which have left the strongest impress upon modem
times. A few mediaeval sources will be read at first hand, and some
of the great personahties whose work is still ^dtal will be studied
as carefully as time allows. The aim of the course will be to show
the points of contact and of difference between the mediseval spirit
and the modern, and to serve as a foundation for courses deahng
with later periods, or as a backgroimd for the study of mediaeval
art or Uterature.

201. History of Europe since the French Revolution.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed one full
course in History. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Orvis.

This course involves (i) an introductory discussion of the condition
of France on the eve of the Revolution; (2) a study of the progress
of the Revolution and of the reaction against democratic tyranny
culminating in imperiahsm; (3) a study of the influence of revolu-
tionary ideas in the subsequent history of Europe.

202. Constitutional History of England to 1399. (Not offered in

1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed one full course in History. Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Moffett.

A study of the development of English constitutional govern-
ment as an expression of the character of the English people. The
course deals with the Germanic origins, and with the development
of English thought along constitutional lines to the close of the
Plantagenet period.

203. Constitutional History of England from 1399 to the Present

Time. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed one full course in History. Three
hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Moffett.

A study of the later development of the Enghsh constitution,
the rise of party and cabinet government, and the actual working
of the constitution to-day.
X Courses loi and io2, or course 103, or course 104 are prerequisite to later election.

104 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

204. History of Rome.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed one
college course in History, or who are giving special attention to Latin
or Greek. Three hours a week for a year.

Mrs. Hodder.

This course offers a general survey of Roman History. The
attempt is made to present the problems of recent scholarship in
the study of the earher period, but the main emphasis is placed upon
the later Republic and the Empire, Particular attention will be
given to economic and social conditions, and to the development of
the Roman system of government.

205. Colonial America.

a. Age of Discovery and Conquest.

b. The American Revolution.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed or are
taking a full course in History. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Curtis.

After surveying the discovery and exploration of America in the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the course deals with the foun-
dation and growth of the British Empire in America. Emphasis is
laid upon British colonial policy and administration. The second
semester is devoted mainly to a consideration of the American Rev-
olution, attention being directed to the problems of British states-
manship and the European background.

206. Constitutional Go\'t:rnment.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed either courses loi.
102 (i. 2 of igig-2o) or course loj {j of igig-20), or Economics
201 (i of igig-20), or 205 {15 of igig-20). Three hours a week for
a year.

Mr. Whitmore.

This is an introductory course deahng with comparative govern-
ments. In the first semester the governments of Great Britain,
France, Italy, and Germany are studied as a basis for comparison
with the government of the United States, on which the second
semester is spent. Throughout the course, special attention is
given to the practical working of governments, to modern political
tendencies, and to the relations of the individual to the government.
An aim of the course is to prepare students for intelligent and
effective citizenship.

1920-21 History 105

207. Geography of European History, (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to all seniors and to juniors and sophomores who have com-
pleted one college course in History. Three hours a week for the first
semester.

Miss Moffett.

The institutions, economic and social conditions, and political
history of some parts of Europe will be briefly studied in connection
with their topography. Besides the study of the more important
changes of boundaries, the course will attempt to strengthen the
connection between events and localities, and to give a clearer con-
ception of the scene of events already studied, or to be studied, in
other courses in European History.

208. International Politics.

Open to all seniors and to juniors who have completed or are taking
a full course in History. One hour a week for a year with an addi-
tional appointment in alternate weeks. To count as one and one-half
hours.

Miss Miller.

The object of this course is to give a general view of international
conditions since the close of the Bismarck period, with especial
reference to the present relations of Europe, America, and Asia.

209. Political History of Russia from the earliest times to the

present. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to all seniors and to juniors who have completed or are taking
another course in History. Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Orvis.

This course includes a study of (i) the forces which made
Russia a world power, (2) the development and policy of the autoc-
racy, and (3) the struggle for freedom culminating in the revolution
of 1917.

301. History of the United States from 1787 to the Present Time,

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed one full course and
have completed or are taking a second course in History. Three hours
a week for a year.

Mr. Curtis.

A study of the formation and development of the constitution
of the United States, with especial reference to controlling forces,
such as the organization of parties, the growth of democracy, the
rise of the slave power, the political effect of the development of
the West.

106 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

302 f. EunoPE IN THE Fifteenth Century. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed two full courses in
History, or course 103 (j of igig-20), or 104 {10 of igig-20), and two
courses in Art. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Moffett.

A study of the intellectual, religious, and social life of the fifteenth
century, and of the institutions_and movements which were its out-
come.

303 f. Europe in the Sixteenth Century. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed two full courses in
History. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Moffett.

A continuation of course 302 though the latter is not a prerequisite.

A brief introductory sur\^ey of conditions in the fifteenth century
is followed by a more detailed study of the sixteenth, its great move-
ments, and its great personalities.

304. England under the Tudors and Stuarts.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed two full courses in
History. Three hours a week for a year.

Mrs. Hodder.

This course deals with the religious and constitutional struggles
in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with economic and
social changes, international relations, and with the founding of
the British Empire.

305. Diplomatic History of Europe since 1740.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed two full courses in
History. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Orvis.

This course includes (i) a review of the period 1 648-1 740; (2)
the age of Frederick II; (3) a Survey of the Revolutionary and
Napoleonic period; (4) the age of Bismarck and its results,

306. Growth of the British Empire. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed two full courses in
History. Three hours a week for the first semester.

This course includes (i) a historical review of the development
of the empire; (2) a study of the changes of colonial policy; (3)
a study of colonial administration; and (4) a discussion of present
colonial and imperial problems.
t History 302 and History 303 will not both be given in the same year.

1920-21 History 107

307. American Foreign Relations.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed two fidl courses in
History. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Curtis.

This course deals with the most significant diplomatic problems
which have arisen as the result of war, westward expansion, the
growth of foreign commerce, immigration, and the acquisition of
colonial possessions. The origin of important treaties, the develop-
ment of the Monroe Doctrine, and the evolution of the United States
into a world power will be traced.

308. History of Political Institutions. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed two full courses in
History. Three hours a week for a year.

This is an introductory course in the comparative study of the
origin, character, development, and aim of political institutions.

309. Selected Studies in Medieval History. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to approved juniors, seniors, and graduates who have had course
103 {3 of igig-20), or course 104 {10 of igig-20), and a second course
in History. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Moffett.

This is a second and more advanced course in Mediaeval History,
designed to give training in methods of historical research, using the
mediaeval period as a field. There will be lectures, discussions,
and indi\ddual work done by each student with the instructor.
Study of mediaeval problems and incidents, practice in compiling \
bibliographies, comparing sources and combining them to reach
conclusions will form part of the work of the course.

108 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

HYGIENE

Director: Roxana Hayward Vivian, Ph.D.,
professor of mathematics.
Professor: William Skarstrom, M.D.
Associate Professors: Eugene Clarence Howe, Ph.D.
Julia Eleanor Moody, Ph.D.,

associate professor of zoology.
Assistant Professor: Alice Middleton Boring, Ph.D.,

assistant professor of zoology.
Resident Physician : Katharine Piatt Raymond, B.S., M.D.

INSTRUCTORS: EDNA BARRETT MANSHIP,

Margaret Johnson.
Elizabeth Halsey, Ph.B.
Mary Sophie Haagensen.
Harry Edward Brown, B.A.
Mary Rees Mulliner, M.D.

Assistants: Fanny Garrison. B. a.
Annie Chapin Stedman.
Julia Rebecca Grout, B.A.
Recorder: Ruth Parish Reynolds, B.A.
Librarian: Julia Clemma Knowlton, Ph.B., B.L.S.
Curator: Anna Elizabeth Anderson.

I. Courses Prescribed for the Certificate of tlie Department

(i) A two years' course leading to the certificate of the Department of Hygiene is offered
to students who already hold the Bachelor's degree. This course is especially designed for
the training of teachers of hygiene and physical education. In order to be admitted to
this course, candidates must be without organic disease or serious functional disorder. A
keen sense of rhythm is necessary and also the ability to use the voice with ease and power.
Previous courses in Chemistry, Physics, Psychology, and Education are essential. If a sat-
isfactory previous course in Chemistry or Physics is lacking, it must be taken in the first
year t and Hygiene 321 deferred until the second year. In order to enter second-year
elective work, these four preliminary courses and the required first-year courses must be
completed before the beginning of the second year.

Courses leading to the degree of M.A. may be completed while m residence for the cer-
tificate. Detailed information will be found in the Circular of the Department of Hygiene.

(2) A five-years' course is offered leading to the B.A. degree and the certificate of the
Department of Hygiene. This course is open only to candidates for the B.A. degree in
residence at Wellesley College. In general, students in this course receive the B.A. degree
at the end of the fourth year and complete in the fifth year the work required for the certifi-
cate of the Department of Hygiene. The following courses count toward the Bachelor's de-
gree: course 301, one and one-half hours; courses 302, 303, 321, 322, each three hours.

Courses for First- Year Students

101. Gymnastics.

Required oj all first-year students. Five hours a week in the fall and
winter.

Dr. Skarstrom.

Marching — adaptation of modern military marching. Elemen-
tary to fairly advanced free-standing gymnastic exercises. Ele-

t See undergraduate courses in Chemistry or Physics.

1920-21 Hygiene 109

mentary exercises on gymnastic apparatus, such as booms, ladders,
ropes, rings, vaulting box, horse and buck.

102*. Outdoor Games and Sports.

Required of all first-year students. Three hours a week in the fall,
eight hours in the spring.

Miss Manship, Miss Halsey,
Mr. Brown, Miss Garrison.

In addition to field work, rules are studied and principles of
management and coaching are discussed in the following sports:
fall season— baseball, basket ball, and field hockey; spring sea-
son—archery, baseball, basket ball, field hockey, rowing, and
tennis.

103. Personal Hygiene.

Required of all first-year students. One hour a week for the first
semester.

Mr. Howe.

A conservative exposition of the regulation of the environmental
conditions of health, and of the guidance of adaptation to these
conditions.

104. Dancing.

Required of all first-year students. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Manship.

Elementary course in Folk Dancing and Singing Games.

105. Dancing.

Required of all first-year students. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Manship.

This course includes elementary exercises in technique to secure
plasticity, poise, co-ordination and grace. Dances are graded from
Nursery Rhyme dances for children in the lower grades to slightly
more complicated aesthetic, classic, and interpretative dances.

106. Symptomatology and Emergencies.

Required of all first-year students. One hour a week for the first

semester.

Dr. Raymond.

This brief course is intended to enable students to understand
something of the nature, causes, and symptoms of the more common

• A course of twelve lessons, including methods of instructing beginners, will probably
be given at an adjacent swimming pool during the indoor season, and also similar lessons m
horseback riding. A charge will be made for these lessons.

no Courses of Instruction 1920-21

diseases; to detect conditions of doubtful health in applicants for
gymnastic training; to comprehend intelligently the directions
given by physicians regarding patients whom they may advise to
take gymnastic exercise; and to apply First Aid methods in case
of accident or sudden illness in camp or gymnasium.

107*. Swimming. (Not offered in 1920-21,)

203. Normal Instruction.

Required of all first-year students. Three hours a week for a year.

Dr. Skarstrom.

This course comprises five or six weeks of lectures and quizzes
on gymnastic terminology with a survey of gymnastic material,
followed by preliminary practice teaching. Students are given
thorough drill on all the technical devices of teaching gymnastics.

208. Play, Playgrounds, and Athletics.

Required of all first-year students. Two hours a week for a year.

Mr. Brown.

The aims of this course are:

(i) To give the students an understanding of the development
of the playground and recreation movement, and its relation to
community health.

(2) To discuss the best methods of coaching and managing athlet-
ics, intramural sports and group contests, or mass athletics, with
emphasis on the healthy development of the participants in those
sports.

209. Corrective Gymnastics and Massage.

Required of all first-year students. One hour a week for a year.

Dr. Mulliner.

Lectures on the theory and mechanics of faulty posture with
practice in giving exercises suitable for each condition. General
and local massage for cases that teachers of physical education
should be able to treat under a physician's direction.

210. Remedial Gymnastics.

Required of all first-year students. One hour a week for the first
semester; two hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Haagensen.

* A course of twelve lessons, including methods of instructing beginners, will probably
be given at an adjacent swimming pool during the indoor season, and also similar lessons in
horseback riding. A charge will be made for these lessons.

1920-21 Hygiene 111

This course is arranged to present the causes and early indica-
tions of conditions which require remedial work and practice in
the application of hygiene rules and exercises which wiU lead to
normal health.

301. Mammalian Anatomy and Histology. (Zoology 301.)

Open to first-year students in the Department of Hygiene; also to juniors
and seniors who are registered as five-year students. If counted as
part of a major i?i Zoology, Zoology 301 must be preceded by Zoology
loi. One and one-half hours a week for a year.

Miss Moody.

Lectures and laboratory work on the gross and microscopic anat-
omy of bones and muscles; digestive, respiratory, excretory, repro-
ductive, circulatory, and nervous systems. Special emphasis is
given to the study of the human skeleton and muscles.

This course counts one and one-half hours toward the Bachelor's
degree.

302. General Physiology. (Zoology 302.)

Open to first-year students in the Department of Hygiene; also to jun^
tors and seniors who are registered as five-year students. If counted
with Zoology joi as part of a major hi Zoology, Zoology 302 must be
preceded by Zoology loi. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Boring.

The aim of the course is to present the fundamental facts and
theories which underlie the normal functions of animal organisms.
Mammalian and human physiology will receive particular attention.
It will include a brief survey of foods; a consideration of the prob-
lems of nutrition and metabolism; and as detailed a study as time
will permit of the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, muscular, ner\^-
ous, excretory, and reproductive systems, and of the special sense
organs.

This course counts three hours toward the Bachelor's degree.

303. Kinesiology.

Required of all first-year students. Three hours a week for a year.

Dr. Skarstrom.

Lectures and recitations dealing with the anatomical mechanism
of movements: the role of joint motion, muscular action, gravity,
leverage, inertia, and internal resistance in the production and
modification of gymnastic movements and their effects, as contrasted
with "natural" movements.

This course counts three hours toward the Bachelor's degree.

112 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Courses for Second-Year Students

201. Gymnastics.

Required of all second-year students. Four hours a week in the fall and

winter.

Dr. Skarstrom.

Intermediate and advanced marching, gymnastic free-standing
exercises, and apparatus work.

202*. Outdoor Games and Sports.

Required of all second-year students. Eight hours a week in the fall,
six hours a week in the spring.

Miss Manship, Miss Halsey,
Mr. Brown, Miss Garrison.

In addition to field work, rules are studied and principles of
management and coaching are discussed in the following sports:
fall season— archery, baseball, basket ball, field hockey, rowing,
and tennis; spring season— archery, baseball, basket ball, field
hockey, and tennis.

204. Dancing.

Required of all second-year students. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Manship.
Advanced course in Folk and National Dances.

205. Dancing.

Required of all second-year students. Two hours a week for a year.

Miss Manship.

This course includes more advanced work than that offered in
course 105. Assignments are made for two original dances.

206. Practice in Teaching Esthetic, Social and Folk Dancing,

AND Lectures on the Relation of Music to Dancing.

Required of all second-year students. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Manship, Miss Johnson.

Practical work in teaching dances similar to those in courses 104,
los, 204, 205. ^

Demonstrations and criticisms of origmal dances written for
course 205. Practice in teaching dances suitable for schoolrooms
and playgrounds.

•A course of twelve lessons, including methods of instructing beginners, will probably
be given at an adjacent swimming pool during the indoor season, and also similar lessons m
horseback riding. A charge will be made for these lessons.

1920-21 Hygiene 113

207. Theory and Practice of Physical Education in the First and
Second Grades.

Required of all secofid-year students. One hour a week for the first
semester.

Miss Halsey.

A study of the relations of physical education to the needs of
children between six and eight years of age in the elementary schools.
Practice in rhythm training, games, story plays, and mimetic
exercises.

211. Anthropometry.

Required of all secojid-year students. One hour a week for the second
semester.

Dr. Mulliner, .

Laboratory work in the use of anthropometric instruments in
recording and filing; a presentation of the statistical methods of
value in anthropometry; and the solution of problems based upon
anthropometric measurements.

212. History and Literature of Physical Education.

Required of all second-year students. One hour a week for a year.

Mr. Brown.

The purpose of this course is to give the student a comprehensive
survey of the field of physical education, past and present; to give
a clear understanding of the conditions governing the success or
failure of the application of its principles; and to show the relation
it bears to the other big movements of our time with a view to
revealing a vision of its tremendous opportunities.

213. Corrective Gymnastics and Massage.

Required of all second-year students. Two hours a week from Novem- ■

her until May.

Dr. Mulliner.

Practice under supervision in the use of methods and exercises
taught in course 209 with the college students whose physical ex-
aminations have shown the need for special training in order to
attain and maintain good posture.

214. Practice Teaching.

Required of all second-year students. Six to eight hours a week for

the year.

Dr. Skarstrom, Miss Manship,
Miss Halsey, Mr. Brown.

114 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Students assist in the required work of the college classes two to
four hours a week, as coaches in the sports and squad leaders in the
gymnasium and carry on under careful supervision the regular physi-
cal education work in the public schools of Wellesley, teaching two
or three different grades during the year, four hours a week.

304. Theory of Physical Education and Methods or Teaching.

Required of all second-year students. Three hours a week Jor a year.

Dr. Skarstrom.

The aims of this course are: (i) to discuss the purposes, scope,
and ideals of physical education; (2) to study the character, selec-
tion, classification, arrangement, and progression of gymnastic ex-
ercises; (3) a systematic study of the principles and technique of
teaching gymnastics.

321*. Physiology.

Required of all students. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Howe.

Human physiology with special emphasis on its application in
personal hygiene and in physical education. Three lectures and
one laboratory appointment of three periods.

This course counts three hours toward the Bachelor's degree.

322. Health Problems of School and Community.

Open to all students who have completed course 302 or 321. Three
hours a week for a year.

Mr. Howe.

The first part of the course deals with school health problems
such as methods of effective health instruction, statistics and
discussion of child development from the point of view of hy-
giene; and all of the sanitary aspects of school environment. In
the second part are discussed the phases of general sanitary science
with which teachers of hygiene and physical education come in
contact not only in schools, but in social settlements, camps, in-
dustrial and recreation centers, etc. The laboratory appointments
equivalent to two or three hours a week will be devoted to the
practical and experimental study of such problems as ventilation
and lighting, and to visits to open air schools, school lunch estab-
lishments, swimming pools, clinics, board of health laboratories,
and to certain industrial and commercial plants. The course is

• In 1921-22 this course will be entitled Applied Physiology, will require course 302, or an
equivalent, as a prerequisite and will deal with advanced problems in Hygiene. In addition
to being required for the certificate it may also count as a part of the work for the M.A. degree.

1920-21 Hygiene 115

illustrated by lantern slides showing conditions at home and abroad,
and by the latest charts, maps, and bulletins of boards of health and
education.
This course counts three hours toward the M.A. degree.

II. Courses open to all Undergraduates*

Two hours in Hygiene are prescribed for the degree. One hour of this requirement is
met by course 120; the second hour is met by four periods of practical work, two periods per
week in the freshman year (course 121) and two in the sophomore year (course 122).

By special permission courses 123, 124, and 125 may be substituted for the indoor work of
courses lai and 122. Courses 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, and 128 (except as noted below) do not
count toward the degree.

120. Personal Hygiene.

Required of freshmen. One hour a week for a year.

Mr. Howe, Miss Halsey.

Stress is laid (i) on the applicability of hygienic practice in the
immediate situations of college life, and (2) on the development of
habits of posture and movement as a phase of education. The
underlying physiology is reduced to the least amount needed for
the scientific justification of the practice of personal hygiene.

121. Gymnastics and Outdoor Sports.

Required of all freshmen. Two hours a week for a year, counting one-
half hour toward the degree.

Miss Manship, Miss Johnson, Miss Halsey,
Mr. Brown, Miss Garrison, and Assistants.

Outdoor work in the fall and spring terms — organized sports:
archery, baseball, basket ball, golf, field hockey, horseback riding,
rowing, running, tennis, and volley ball. This part of the work is
designated as 121 f.s. (fall, spring).

Indoor work in the winter term — gymnastics. This part of the
course is designated as 121 w. (winter). Students needing corrective
or remedial work will substitute course 124 or 125 for the indoor
gymnasium practice,

122. Gymnastics and Outdoor Sports.

Required of all sophomores who have completed course 121. Two hours
a week for a year, counting one-half hour toward the degree.

Miss Manship, Miss Johnson, Miss Halsey,
Mr. Brown, Miss Garrison, and Assistants.

•In courses 121, 122, 123, and 124 an opportunity is given to graduate students for
practice in corrective work and in coaching.

116 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Advanced work on topics as in course 121. The outdoor work of
this course is designated as 122 f.s. (fall, spring), and the indoor
work as 122 w. (winter). Students needing corrective or remedial
work will substitute course 124 or 125 for the gymnasium practice of
this course.

123. Gymnastics.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed courses 121 and 122 or
their equivalent , and, by permission of the instructor, open to freshmen
and sophomores who have had an equivalent of courses 121 and 122 and
who meet the requirements of the department. Two hours a week from
November until May.

Dr. Skarstrom, Miss Johnson, and Assistants.

124. Corrective Gymnastics.

Required in place of the indoor work of courses 121 and 122 in the case
of all freshmen and sophomores whose physical examination indicates
the need of posture trainitig or other corrective work.

Dr. Mulliner and Assistants.

125. Remedial Gymnastics.

Required in place of the indoor work of courses 121 and 122 in the case
of all freshmen and sophomores whose physical examination indicates
the need of remedial work. This course is open also to juniors and
seniors. A fee may be charged for this course.

Miss Haagensen, Miss Garrison, and Assistants.

126. Organized Sports.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed courses 121 and 122,
or their equivalent. Two hours a week in the fall and spring terms.
Miss Manship, Miss Johnson, Miss Halsey,
Mr. Brown, Miss Garrison, and Field Instructors.

Archery, basket ball, baseball, golf, field hockey, horseback riding,
rowing, running, tennis, and volley ball.

127. Elementary Dancing.

Open to students who have had no previous training. One hour a
week from November until May.

Miss Manship.

This course will include exercises in technique to insure poise,
co-ordination, plasticity, and grace. Dances will be graded from
simple Nursery Rhyme dances to slightly more complicated aesthetic,
classic, and interpretative dances. A synopsis of each day's program
is typewritten and posted, and each student is required to keep a
notebook.

1920-21 Italian 117

128. Advanced Dancing.

Open to students who have completed course 127 or an equivalent.
One hour a week from November until May.

Miss Manship.

This course includes exercises in technique and dances more
advanced than those ofifered in course 127. Each student is required
to keep a notebook.

ITALIAN

Professor: Margaret Hastings Jackson.
101 1- Elementary Course.

Open to all undergraduates. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Jackson.

Grammar, with written and oral exercises; reading and sight
translation; conversation.

201. Intermediate Course. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course loi (i of igig-20) or
equivalent. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Jackson.

Grammar, prose composition; reading and translation at sight;
in the first semester from modem authors; in the second semester
from the classic authors.

202. Dante and the Early Italian Renaissance. English Course.

(Not ofifered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Jackson.

Dante's Divine Comedy (in English) and the conditions of the
age which produced it; the Early Italian Renaissance as expressed
in the works of Petrarch, Boccaccio. A knowledge of Italian is
not required.

Note. — The Dante Society ofiFers an annual prize of one hundred
dollars for the best essay on a subject drawn from the life or works
of Dante. The competition is open to students or graduates of
not more than three years' standing from colleges or universities in
the United States. For subjects and conditions consult page 559
of the Harvard University Catalogue, 1919-20.

X Italian loi may not be counted toward the B.A. degree, if taken after the junior year.

118 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

301. History of Italian Literature in the Thirteenth and Four-

teenth Centuries. Emphasis on Dante. (Not given in 1920-

21.)
Open on consultation with the instructor to juniors and seniors who
have a reading knowledge of Italian. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Jackson.

Selections from the Vita Nuova and the Divina Commedia of Dante,
the Sonnets of Petrarch and the Tales of Boccaccio will be read m
the original.

302. History of Italian Literature in the Nineteenth Century.

Open to students who have completed courses loi and 201 (i and 2 of
ipiQ-20) or equivalents. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Jackson.

303. Italian Prose Writers of the Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth

Centuries. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open on consultation with the instructor to juniors and seniors who
have a reading knowledge of Italian. Three hours a iveek for the first
semester.

Miss Jackson.

Selections from the works of Macchiavelli, Castiglione, Savonarola
and other writers of the period will be read in the original.

304. Italian Poets of the Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries.

(Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open on consultation with the instructor to juniors and seniors who
have a reading knowledge of Italian. Three hours a week for the second
semester.

Miss Jackson.

Selections from Poliziano, Lorenzo de' Medici, Boiardo, Ariosto,
Michael Angelo, Vittoria Colonna,will be read in the original.

While courses 7 and 8 are continuous, one being the complement
of the other, they may be elected separately.

305. Literature of the Italian Renaissance. (Not offered in

1920-21.)

Open on consultation with the instructor to graduate students who have
a reading knowledge of Italian. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Jackson.

1920-21 Latin 119

It is not the intention of the instructor to cover the entire period
of the Renaissance but to treat of certain aspects only, the work to
adjust itself to the needs of the individual student. Under the
supervision of the instructor the student will choose some author,
or phase, or problem of Italian Uterature for special study, report-
ing thereon weekly.

LATIN

Professors: Adeline Belle Hawes, M.A.
Alice Walton, Ph.D.
Associate Professor: Caroline Rebecca Fletcher, M.A.
Assistant Professor: Anna Bertha Miller, Ph.D.

101. Introduction to Latin Literature.

Open to freshmen, and to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have
had no Latin in college. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Walton, Miss Fletcher, Miss Miller.

A brief survey of the literature, illustrated by short passages
from representative authors.

A more detailed study of certain masterpieces in prose and verse,
with special regard to their literary form and their influence upon
modern writers.

First Semester, Studies in Prose Authors: Cicero: Essay on
Friendship, and selections from his correspondence with friends.
Phny the Younger: The letter as a literary form. Letters of Eras-
mus.

Second Semester, Selections from Latin Poets: Terence: Scenes
from one or more comedies. Ovid: Passages from the Metamor-
phoses. Short selections from other poets.

102. Contributions of Latin Literature to Modern Life and

Thought.

Open to freshmen, and to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have
had no Latin in college. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Miller.

The study of passages in Latin authors embodying certain funda-
mental ideas which are a part of the classical heritage of modem
life. The reading and class discussion will center about topics
suggested in such current terms as imperial destiny, citizenship,
nationalism, the State Church, humanism, etc. The readings will
be selected from Catullus, Cicero, Horace, Livy, Ovid, Vergil, and
other authors.

120 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

201. Horace.

Open to students who have completed course loi or 102 (i or j of
igig-20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Walton.

The Odes are studied, with selections from the Epistles.

202. Vergil.

Open to students who have completed course loi or 102 (i or j of ipig-
20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Hawes.

Selections from the Bucolics, Georgics, and Mneid VII-XII.

203. TiBULLUs, Propertius, and Ovid.

Open to students who have completed course loi or 102 (i or 3 of iQig-
20) . Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Fletcher.

204. Studies in Tacitus and Pliny.

Open to students who have completed a semester course of grade II.
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Hawes, Miss Walton.

Tacitus, Germania and Agricola, with selections from the other
works. Pliny's Letters. The work in Pliny includes careful study
of certain letters and the rapid reading of many others.

205. Cicero. Essays and Letters.

Open to students who have completed a semester course of grade II.
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Fletcher.

206. Latin Prose Composition. Intermediate Course.

Open to students who have completed course loi or 102 {i or 3 of
igig-20) and are taking a full cotirse in the department. One
hour a week for a year.

Miss Fletcher.

207. Sight Reading in Prose and Verse.

Open to students who are taking a full course of grade II. One hour
a week for a year. A second appointment with the instructor is sub-
stituted for preparation.

Miss Miller.

1920-21 Latin . 121

208. Roman Life and Customs.

Open to juniors and seniors w^ithout prerequisite, and to sophomores
who have completed course loi or 102 (i or 3 of igig-20). One hour
a week for a year.

Miss Miller.

Lectures, illustrated by photographs and lantern slides, on sub-
jects connected with the daily life and surroundings of the Romans,
such as family life, dress, education, buildings, roads, travel, social
functions, amusements, religious customs, etc. The required read-
ing will be mainly in English.

SOL Comedy. Plautus and Terence.

Open to students who have completed two full courses. Three hours a
week for the first semester.

Miss Hawes.

This course includes the careful study of two or more plays to-
gether with the rapid reading of several others.

302. Satire. Horace and Juvenal.

Ope?t to students who have completed two full courses. Three hours a
week for the second semester.

Miss Hawes.

This course includes the reading of selected satires of Horace and
Juvenal, with study of other Roman satirists by lectures and special
topics. Sight reading in Martial.

303. Latin Epigraphy. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed two full courses. Three hours a
week for the first semester.

Miss Walton.

Selected inscriptions will be studied both for their content as
sources of Roman public and private life, and their form.
Egbert's Latin Inscriptions and facsimiles will be used.

304. Topography or Roman Sites. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed two full courses. Three hours
a week for the second semester.

Miss Walton.

Architectural History and Topography of Ancient Rome and of
typical municipal and provincial towns.

122 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

305. Liv-Y. Books. I-X.

Open to students who have completed two full courses. Three hours a
week for the first semester.

Miss Fletcher.

Study of the sources of the early history of the Roman Republic.
Lectures and collateral reading.

306. Ovid, Fasti; Cicero, De Divinatione, De Natura Deorum.

Open to students who have completed two full courses. Three hours a
week for the second semester.

Miss Fletcher.

The early religious institutions of the Romans will be studied from
these sources and from other selected readings.

307. Latin Literature of the Early Christian Period.

Open to students who have completed two full courses. Three hours a
week for the second semester.

Miss Miller.

Readings from the Early Christian Apologists and Fathers illus-
trating the contact of Christian ideals with Pagan thought and civ-
ilization. Latin Hymns.

This course may count as an elective in the Department of Biblical
History.

308. Latin Prose Composition.

Open at the discretion of the instructor to students who have completed
course 206 {11 of igiQ-20), and who are taking a full course in the de-
partment. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Fletcher.

309 J. Literature of the Roman Empire.

Open to students who have completed three full courses. Three hours a
week for a year.

Miss Hawes.

The aim of this course is to secure an acquaintance with many
representative authors of the Roman Empire, and to show the in-
terest and the value of the "Silver Latinity" and the writers of
the later Imperial Period. The readings, which include both
poetry and prose, and vary somewhat from year to year, will in-
clude selections from Velleius Paterculus, Seneca, Quintilian,
Tacitus, Martial, Apuleius, Claudian, Boethius, and other authors.

J Courses 3og and 310 are not given in the same year.

1920-21 Mathematics 123

The course includes also a few lectures on various aspects of society
in the time of the Empire.

Rapid reading without translation is one of the features of this
course.
310t. History of Latin Poetry. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Part I, Poetry of the Republic.

Part II, Post- Augustan Poetry.

Open to students who have completed three full courses. Three hours
a week for a year.

Miss Hawes.

In Part I some study will be given to the beginnings of Latin
poetry and the earlier poets, but the main emphasis will be placed
upon the poets of the Ciceronian Age, Catullus and Lucretius.
Since the Augustan poets are studied in the grade II courses, that
period will be considered only by way of review and comparison.
In Part II the aim w^ill be to secure an acquaintance with repre-
sentative poets of different periods, and to show the interest and the
value of the later Latin poetry.

Rapid reading without translation is one of the features of this
course.
321. Outline History of Latin Literature. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Primarily for graduates. Open to qualified seniors by permission of
the department.

Lectures and readings, with direction of the students' private
reading.

The aim of this course is to give a general sur\-ey of the subject,
tracing the beginnings and development of the various kinds of
prose and poetry, and considering the changes in the political and
social conditions under which Latin literature developed.

MATHEMATICS

Professors: Helen Abbot Merrill, Ph.D.

RoxANA Hayward Vivian, Ph.D.,

director of the department of hygiene.
Associate Professor: Clara Eliza Smith, Ph.D.
Assistant Professors: Mabel Minerva Young, Ph.D.

Lennie Phoebe Copeland, Ph.D.
Mary Florence Curtis, Ph.D.
Instructors: Helen Barton, B.A.

Marion Elizabeth Stark, M.A.
lOL Trigonometry.

Required of freshmen. Three hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Smith, Miss Young, Miss Copeland,
Miss Curtis, Miss Barton, Miss Stark.

% Courses 309 and 310 are not given in the same year.

124 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Exponential equations, trigonometric equations and transforma-
tions, solution of plane and spherical triangles.

102. Higher Algebra.

Required of freshmen who do not take course 103. Three hours a week
for the second semester.

Miss Smith, Miss Young, Miss Copeland,
Miss Curtis, Miss Barton, Miss Stark.

The elementary theory of determinants, followed by a study of
limits and derivatives, upon which the work in series and theory of
equations is based.

103 f. The Elements of Analytic Geometry.

Open to approved freshmen as an alternative to course 102. Three hours
a week for the second semester.

Miss Smith, Miss Young,
Miss Curtis, Miss Barton.

A brief course, covering the usual topics, and planned to intro-
duce students as early as possible to advanced courses in mathe-
matics. The necessary topics in higher algebra will be treated.

201. Analytic Geometry and Calculus.

Open to students who have completed courses loi and 102 (14 and i of
igig-20). Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Merrill, Miss Copeland.

The more elementary parts of Analytic Geometry and Calculus.
To be followed in 1921-22 by a course in Calculus and its Applica-
tions, the two covering the ground of courses 2 and 3 of 1919-20.

203. History of Elementary Mathematics.

Open to students who have completed or are taking course 2 of igig-20
or course 201, or course 301 (j of igip-20). Three hours a week for
the second semester.

Miss Copeland.

The evolution of the fundamental concepts of mathematics.
Great mathematicians and their chief contributions to elementary
mathematics. A brief survey of modem developments in mathe-
matics and its literature. A standard text is used, supplemented by
lectures and short reports chiefly based upon rare old books in the
mathematical library.

t Course 103 will count one hour only toward the B.A. degree for students who offer
course 102 also.

1920-21 Mathematics 125

204. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics.

Open to students who have completed course 102 (i of igip-20) and
either course loi or 10 j {14 or 15 of igig-20). One hour a iveek for
a year.

Miss Young.

Lectures with supplementary reading on some of the mathemat-
ical principles and methods used in statistical work. Each student
will present one or more studies based upon data drawn from
economic, psychological, scientific or other sources.

205. Problem Work in Statistics. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course 102 (i of iQig-20) and
either course loi or 10 j {14 or 15 of igig-20). One hour a week for
' a year.

Miss Vivian.

The class will meet two periods a week for problem work and ex-
ercises in the collection and arrangement of material, and certain
methods will be presented in addition to those in course 204.

Note. — Course 204 is primarily for theory and for those students
who wish to use critically the statistics of others. Course 205 is
primarily for problem work and for those students who wish prac-
tice in collecting and arranging statistical material. Students may
elect course 204 without course 205, but not course 205 without
course 204.

206. Descriptive Geometry.

Open to students who are taking a three-hour elective course in Math-
ematics. One hour a week for a year.

Miss Merrill.

The theory and practice of the representation of geometric figures.
The use of two or more planes of projection in representing lines,
surfaces, and solids. Shades and shadows. One lecture a week with
one laboratory period.

301. Differential and Integral Calculus.

Open to students who have completed course 2 of igig-20 or course
103 {is of igig-20). Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Smith, Miss Young, Miss Curtis.
The applications include a course in curve tracing.

302. Higher Analysis.

Open to students who have completed course 301 (j of igig-20). Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Merrill.

126 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Differentiability and integrability of functions, continuity, con-
vergency of series, representation of functions by power series,
theory of integration, infinite integrals, elliptic integrals, Fourier
series, and other allied subjects.

303*. Differential Equations.

Open to students who have completed course 301 (j of igig-20). Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Curtis.

An introductory course in ordinary and partial differential equa-
tions.

304. Theory of Equations, with Determinants. (Not offered in

1920-21.)
Open to students who have completed or are taking course 301 (j of
igig-20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

The work is based on Bumside and Panton's Theory of Equations.

305. Solid Analytic Geometry. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed or are taking course 301 (5 of
igig-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

The straight line; the plane; surfaces of the second order. Brief
study of surfaces in general.

306. Modern Synthetic Geometry.

Open to students who have completed or are taking course 3. Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Merrill.

Metrical and projective properties of plane and sheaf forms of
the first and second orders; the anharmonic ratio; harmonic forms;
the method of inversion; involution; collineation; the law of dual-
ity; theory of poles and polars; reciprocation; space forms and
surfaces of the second order. Given by lectures and references,
with constant practice in the solution of geometrical problems.

307. Higher Plane Curves. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course 301 {3 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Young.

Preliminary study of selected topics in algebra and of homo-
geneous co-ordinates. General properties of curves derived from

• Physics 305, if preceded by Mathematics 303, may be counted toward a major in
Mathematics.

1920-21 Music 127

the homogeneous equation of the nth degree, and the principles
developed applied to a brief review of the conic and a detailed study
of curves of the third order. A lecture course, with reading from
standard texts.

308. Introduction to the Theory of Functions of a Complex Vari-
able.

Opeyi to students who have completed course 301 (5 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Smith.

Elementary treatment of analytic functions. Infinite series and
products, with applications to Beta, Gamma, and elliptic functions.

MUSIC

Professors: Hamilton Crawford Macdougall, Mus.D.

Clarence Grant Hamilton, M.A.
Instructors: Emily Josephine Hurd.

Albert Thomas Foster.

Blanche Francis Brocklebank.

Joseph Goudreault.

Raymond Clark Robinson.
Assistant: Miriam Louise Merritt, Mus.B.

The Wellesley College Choir of forty members, founded in 1900,
furnishes the music for the Sunday services in the Memorial Chapel.
Any student with a good natural voice is eligible for membership;
trials to fill vacancies are held at the opening of each College year.

The college Symphony Orchestra, consisting of about thirty
student and faculty members, was founded in 1906. It offers ad-
vantages of competent instruction in ensemble playing imder a pro-
fessional conductor. It gives one or two concerts a year with a
program of classical music. Any members of the College who have
suflicient technique are admitted to membership.

A limited number of tickets for reserved seats at the concerts of
the Boston Symphony Orchestra in Symphony Hall, Boston, axe
free to students in the department who are able to use them profit-
ably.

I. Musical Theory

The courses in theory and history are open to all students without
regard to previous musical knowledge, and count toward the B.A.
degree. The history and theory courses are subject to no separate
tuition fee, with the exception of courses 202, 205, 303, and 304,
where a nominal fee of five dollars is charged for tuning and repairs
of instruments. Courses 102, 206, 305, 306, 307, and 308 are de-
signed especially for those students desiring to gain an appreciative
knowledge of musical literature.

128 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

101. Elementary Harmony.

Open only to freshmen who are taking practical music. Two hours a
week for a year. No prerequisites.

Mr. Macdougall.

This course is designed for freshmen who enter college with the
intention of specializing in music. It may be followed by course
20I, but not by course 102. This course covers musical notation, the
formation of triads and chords of the seventh, the invention of
melodies and their harmonization, the simpler kinds of non-har-
monic tones, elementary form, and ear training. Carefully kept
notebooks are a part of the work.

102. Introductory Harmony.

Open to sophomores, juniors, seniors, and advanced freshmen {five-year
music course). Three hours a week for a year. No prerequisites.

Mr. Robinson.

This course covers the ground necessary for admission to course
201 or 305, and also offers a substantial foundation for subsequent
work in practical or theoretical music. It includes the material of
the ordinary elementary harmony course and in addition emphasizes
ear training and harmonic analysis.

This course is not open to students who have taken course loi.

103. Interpretation.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who are at the same time
taking lessons in practical music in the department and who have
acquired a satisfactory degree of skill. One hour a week for a year.

Mr. Macdougall, Mr. Hamilton.

This course is a training in the principles of interpretation, de-
veloped through the performance in class of music studied with the
private teacher and by listening to and analyzing compositions per-
formed by others. The course concerns itself with the recognition
of the simple cadences, harmonic figuration as applied to the accom-
paniment, the broader rhythmical distinctions, the relations of mel-
ody and accompaniment, the school of the composer, biographical
data, and the simpler elements of form.

Note. — Students wishing to elect the course should apply directly
to the head of the department.

Students may elect practical music without electing the course
in interpretation; but no one may elect the course in interpretation
without at the same time electing practical music.

1920-21 Music 129

201. Advanced Harmony.

Open to students who have completed course loi {is of igig-20) or
course 102 {8 of igig-20) or the equivalent. Three hours a week for a
year.

Mr. Hamilton, Mr. Macdougall.

This course covers in extenso the various classes of non-harmonic
tones, chords of the ninth modulation, elementary orchestration,
writing for the piano, organ, and for voices. The course aims to
give facility in elementary composition.

202. Applied Harmony.

Open to those students only who are at the same time taking course 201
(i of igig-20). Two hours a week for a year. A laboratory fei of
five dollars is attached to this course.

Mr. Hamilton.

This course aims to realize synthetically at the pianoforte the
principles taught in course 201, following what may be termed a
laboratory method.

Note. — Instruction will be given in small classes of not less than
three students. The course is in no sense a substitute for piano-
forte lessons. Students must satisfy the head of the department
that they have a pianoforte technique adequate for the work; in
general, the ability to play the easier Mendelssohn Songs without
Words, and to read hymn tunes accurately at sight will be sufficient.

203. Musical Analysis.

Open to students who have co7npleted course loi {15 of igig-20) or
102 {8 of igjg-20) or the equivalent. Two hours a week for a year.

Mr. Robinson.

A course both technical and appreciative, designed to furnish
students with a knowledge of harmony and musical form sufficient
for the intelligent understanding of the standard classical and
modern works. The course takes up the study of the principal
chords, their function in the musical sentence, the smaller forms
(song form, the small classical and modem dance forms) and then
proceeds to the larger forms (Suite, Sonata, Symphony, Canon,
Fugue, Overture, Symphonic Poem). The smaller forms will be
studied through individual and class analysis, individual reports
and short papers, while the victrola and player-piano will be freely
used in the analysis of the larger forms. No original work in com-
position is required.

130 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

204. Interpretation.

Open to students who have completed course loj {2 of igig-20) and who
are at the same time taking lessons in practical music in the department
and have acquired a satisfactory degree of skill; also by special permis-
sion to seniors. One hour a week for a year.

Mr. Macdougall, Mr. Hamilton.

This course is a continuation of course 103 (2 of 1919-20). The
subject-matter of the course is the thematic and polyphonic melody,
the larger forms, harmony in its aesthetic bearings, the aesthetic
effects of the more complicated rhythms, comparative criticism and
the various schools of composition. See note to course 103 (2 of
1919-20).

206. History of Music.

Open to juniors and seniors, and to sophomores who have had one
course in the department. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Hamilton.

Lectures on the history of music of all nations, with assigned
readings and frequent musical illustrations, from which the student
is taught to compile analytical programs and critiques.

The course is non-technical and no previous knowledge of music
is required. It is not open to students who have taken or are
taking course 305 (4 of 1919-20).

301. Counterpoint.

Open to students who have completed course 201 (i of igig-20). Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Mr. Robinson.

Counterpoint in two, three, and four voices; double counter-
point; analysis; the distinctions between strict (modal) and free
counterpoint; the rules for the latter deduced from contempora-
neous practice; fugue for two and three voices.

302. Musical Form.

Open to students who have completed course 301 (6 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for the second semester.

Mr. Robinson.

This course aims to cover the various imitative forms, the suite
and sonata forms, the large forms of vocal and orchestral music.

Students have the opportunity of doing practical work in com-
position (song form, sonata movements, etc.).

1920-21 Music 131

303. Applied Counterpoint. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to those students only who are at the same time taking course

301 (<5 of igig-20) . Two hours a week for the first semester. To this
course a laboratory fee of two dollars and a half is attached.

This course aims to realize synthetically at the pianoforte the
laws of simple and double counterpoint by the constant playing and
analysis of the best examples from the masters. See note to course
202.

304. Applied Form. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to those students only who are at the same time taking course

302 (7 of igig-20). Two hours a week for the second semester. To
this course a laboratory fee of two dollars and a half is attached.

This course aims to play and to analyze a great number of speci-
mens of the various forms, with careful analysis and classification.
See note to course 202.

305. The Development of the x\rt of Music. (Not offered in 1920-

21.)

Open to students who have completed courses 102 (8 of ipig-20), and
201 (i of igi0-2o) or 203 (5 of igig-20). Three hours a week for
a year.

Mr. Macdougall.

A course in the appreciation of music designed to develop musi-
cal perception and the ability to hsten intelligently to the best
music. It includes the evolution of rhythm, harmony, and melody,
and their powers and offices in musical expression; the principal
musical forms analytically considered; studies of the principal
composers, their lives, their strongest works, their relation to the
progress of musical art. Some great work will be selected for
study during the year.

This course is not open to students who have taken or are taking
course 206.

306. Beethoven and Wagner.

Open to students who have completed course 201 (i of igig-20) or its
equivalent. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Macdougall.

An intensive course devoted to the analyses of selected pianoforte
sonatas, chamber music, the symphonies of Beethoven, "Fidelio,"
and the operas of Wagner. The aim of the course will be to give an
intimate knowledge of the two composers' works and to estimate
their place in musical history.

132 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

807. Schubert and Schumann. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors and to sophomores who have had one course
in the department. Three hours a week for the first semester.

Mr. Hamilton.

An illustrated lecture course, intensive in character, devoted to
the study of the principal works of the composers named. The
romantic movement in music, the development of the German Song,
the poetical and lyric piano piece and the birth of musical criticism
are among the principal topics treated.

The work of the class will be based mainly upon assigned read-
ings and critical papers.

308. Mendelssohn and Chopin. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors and to sophomores who have had one course
in the department. Three hours a week for the second semester .

Mr. Hamilton.

An illustrated lecture course, intensive in character, devoted to
the study of the principal works of the composers named. The
beginnings of modernism, the culmination of sacred music in the
oratorio, the age of the virtuoso, the development of instruments
and individual and emotional treatment in music are the principal
topics studied.

The work of the class will be based mainly upon assigned readings
and critical papers.

309. The Symphony prom Joseph Haydn to the Present Time. (Not

offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed courses 201 and 305 (i and 4 of
igig-20) or their equivalent and who have some facility in playing
the pianoforte. Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Macdougall.

A historical course, tracing the developing of the Symphony
in its form, its instrumentation, and its content.

310. Free Composition. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open by permission to students who have completed courses 301 and
302 {6 and 7 of igig~2o). Three hours a week for a year.

Mr. Macdougall.

311. Applied History. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to those students only who are at the same time taking course 305
(4 of iQig-20). Two hours a week for a year. A laboratory fee of
five dollars is attached to this course.

Mr. Macdougall.

1920-21 Music 133

This course aims to realize synthetically at the pianoforte the
development of music from the organum of Hucbald to the Wagner
opera. Specimens of the music of various schools and periods
will be collected, played, and analyzed. See note to course 202.

II. Practical Music (Instrumental and Vocal Lessons)

Attention is called to the fact that a student need not necessarily spend five years
in college in order to carry on practical music at the same time with the academic course.
See (a) foUowmg.

It is believed that students having a command of pianoforte or organ
technique w-ill be able to profit by the theoretical instruction given in the
department to a fuller degree than those without such a technique. To
encourage students to acquire a technique, as well as to furnish authori-
tative instruction, the department undertakes to give lessons in piano-
forte, organ, violin, and violoncello playing, and in singing. Practical
work is an elective, and students should notify the department of their
election of the subject in the usual manner and at the proper time. At-
tention is called to the fact that students who elect Musical Theory 103 and
204, are thereby obtaining two hours' credit toward the B.A. degree in con-
nection with work done in practical music. It is offered to all students,
whether candidates for degrees or not, as stated below: —

(a) Candidates for the B.A. degree who propose to spend hut four years in
college may take practical music, provided that they obtain each year the
permission of the Dean of the College as well as of the Professor of Music;
they must also take a full course in Musical Theory, unless they have com-
pleted two two-hour or three-hour courses in the subject.

(6) Candidates for the B.A. degree who are willing to devote five years to
the college course will be permitted to take practical music each year of the
course, governed by the restriction laid down in (a).

(c) Candidates for the B.x\. degree who wish also the Certificate of the
Department of Music should plan to devote five years to the college course.
Such students are required to take practical music, two lessons a week,
throughout the five years. They must complete, satisfactorily to the
department, a course in the literature of the instrument chosen or of the
voice; they must apply for the certificate at least three years in advance.
After the first year the study of Musical Theory' is required.

(d) Students not candidates for the B.A. degree who desire to specialize
in music must meet the requirements prescribed for admission to the fresh-
man class, and must in addition pass an examination on the rudiments of
music. This examination will be based upon W. H. Cummings' Rudiments
of Music (No. 2 of Novello Company's Music Primers), chapters 6, 9,
and 10 omitted. Special students must take both Musical Theory and
vocal or instrumental lessons, two a week, with not less than twelve hours
of weekly practice. They must also take from six to nine hours per week
of academic work, including Musical Theory, as may be decided in consulta-
tion with the Dean of the College.

134 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

(e) Students not candidates for the B.A. degree who wish the Certifi-
cate of the Department of Music must comply with the conditions laid down
in {d) ; moreover, the academic work taken must include modern languages.
Such students must apply for the certificate on entering the department,
and must have already acquired the fundamental technique of the instru-
ment chosen or of the voice. The time occupied in study for the certificate
depends upon the talent, upon the proficiency of the student at entrance,
and upon her subsequent diligence; but in general four years at least are
necessary. The various courses are so arranged that the pupil on comple-
tion will have an acquaintance with the best musical literature.

(0 Graduates of Wellesley College or of other institutions may make
special arrangement for instrumental or vocal lessons.

(g) Permission to practice in Music Hall cannot be given to students not
regularly registered in the department.

Qi) Students whose progress is not satisfactory may be required to
discontinue their lessons.

PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY

Professors: Mary Whiton Calkins, M.A., Litt.D., LL.D.
Mary Sophia Case, B.A.

Eleanor Acheson McCulloch Gamble, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor: Horace Bidwell English, Ph.D.
Instructor: Flora Isabel MacKinnon,' M.A.
Reader in Philosophy: Grace Allerton Andrews, M.A.
Graduate Assistants: Ruth Alice Prouty, B.A.

Marjorie Cornelia Day, B.A.
Florence Moran Orndorff, B.A.

The requirement in philosophy for a degree is met by course loi (first semester) fol-
lowed in the same year by course 102 (second semester).

The department offers direction to graduate students in independent^ work in psy-
chology and in philosophy, and conducts graduate conferences with individual students.

I. Logic

103. Logic.

Open to sophomores and juniors. Three hours a week for the second
semester.

Miss Gamble.

Training in argument and in logical criticism. Work expressly
designed to meet the practical needs of the student. The course
deals not only with the principles of deductive logic, but also with
elementary questions of observation and testimony, and of scien-
tific, statistical, and legal evidence. Text-book: Sellars, Essentials
of Logic.

' Appointed for second semester only.

1920-21 Philosophy and Psychology 135

II. Psychology

For description of the Psychology Laboratory, see pa^e 171.

101. Introductory Course in Psychology.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Three hours a week for
the first semester.

Lecture divisions A and B, Miss Gamble;

Division C, Mr. English.

Laboratory sections, Miss Gamble, Miss Calkins,

Mr. English, Miss Prouty, Miss Day.

This course aims to secure to students an acquaintance with
primary mental facts, to give them a definite notion of the topics
treated and of the experimental and statistical methods employed
in psychology, to provide a psychological basis for the study of
philosophy, of sociology, and of education, and to fit them for more
advanced psychological work. The course is conducted mainly
by lectures, with weekly laboratory or conference appointments.
The course is at present based largely upon an outline to be obtained
from the instructor. Supplementary text-books: Calkins, A First
Book in Psychology; Titchener, A Text-book of Psychology; Breese,
Psychology; Warren, Human Psychology; James, Psychology, Briefer
Course.

202. Differential and Applied Psychology.

Open to seniors who have completed course loi (7 of igig-20) or course
I of jgiS-iQ. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Gamble, Miss Calkins.

This course will treat the following topics: the fundamental
principles of individual psychology; social hygiene as based on
psychology with special consideration of the causes and types of
delinquency; normal individual differences and mental tests;
mental deficiency; and mental derangement. Among the books
studied will be: IVIcDougall, Social Psychology; Tredgold, Mental
Deficiency; WTiite, Outlines of Psychiatry; Healy, The Individual
Delinquent.

201. Experimental Psychology, Historical.

Open to students who have completed course loi (7 of igig-20).
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Mr. English.

The historical development of psychological experiment will be
sketched in lectures. In the laboratory, each student will make
classical experiments in their modern form and in an order corre-
sponding to the historical development, and will thus gain insight
into the problems attacked and the partial solutions attained.

136 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Special attention will be given to present-day tendencies in psy-
chology.

Both this course and course 301 are designed to train the student
in the methods of psychological introspection and experimentation.

301. Experimental Psychology, Systematic.

Open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students who have completed
course loi (7 of igig-20). Three hours a week for the first semester.

Mr. English.

Each student will perform one or two typical experiments in each
of the main fields of psychological investigation. In lectures, the
relation of experimental results to general psychological theory will
be traced.

This course, like course 201, is designed to train the student in
psychological method.

302. Experimental Problems in Psychology.

Open to students who have completed course 201 or course 301. Three
hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Gamble.

This course consists of investigation of special problems, experi-
mental or statistical, by individual students. In 1920-21 problems
in the fields of memorizing and of mental tests will be included.
The methods employed are wider than the problems and are adapted
to training students in the fundamental demands of research.

303. Second Course in Experimental Problems in Psychology.

Open to students who have completed course 302 {14 of igiQ-20).
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Gamble.

203. Readlng Course in German or in French Psychological Texts.
(Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to students who are taking elective work in Psychology. One hour
a week for a year.

III. Pliilosophy
102, Introduction to Philosophy.

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed course loi
(7 of igiQ-20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Lecture divisions A and B, Tvliss Calkins;

Division C, Miss MacKinnon.

Conferences, Miss Calkins, Miss MacKinnon,

Mr. English, Miss Day, Miss Orndorff.

This course begins with a brief study of ethics, treated from a
psychological starting point, as the science of the moral self. The

1920-21 Philosophy and Psychology 137

emphasized topics of this study are the nature of goodness and of
duty and the relation of virtue to instinct and to habit. The greater
part of the course is devoted to the discussion of the philosophical
problems raised in the study of psychology, the nature of body, the
nature of mind, and the connection between mind and body. The
relations of philosophy to physical science and to religion are briefly
considered. The discussion is based upon Descartes, Meditations;
selections from La ^lettrie, and from Haeckel; Berkeley, Principles
of Human Knowledge and Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philo-
nous.

204. Greek Ethical Theories in their Relation to Twentieth Cen-
tury Ethics.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed or are
loi (7 oj igicr20). Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Case.

Primarily text-study, (a) Brief study of pre-Sophistic philosophy.
Lectures and outlines; fragments of Herakleitos, Parmenides and
Anaxagoras. (&) The rise of ethical inquiry. Lectures and selec-
tions from Xenophon's Memorabilia and from the dialogues of
Plato, (c) Plato. The chief ethical dialogues, {d) Aristotle.
The Nicomachean Ethics; selections from the Metaphysics and
from Dc Anima. (e) The Stoics and Epicureans. Selections from
Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius; lectures and modern commentaries.
(/) Current and recent ethical writings, especially on social ethics,
to be distributed throughout the year. At all stages emphasis will
be laid upon the underlying metaphysics.

205. Social Ethics. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to seniors. One hour a week for a year with an additional
appointment in alternate weeks. To count as one and one-half hours.

Miss Case.
304. Problems of Modern Philosophy.

Open to juniors who are taking course 204, to seniors, and to gradu-
ate students. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Calkins.

This course is conducted through discussions, supplemented by
occasional lectures, on problems of philosophy, including the prin-
ciple of causation, the problem of knowledge, the nature and exis-
tence of the self, the nature of the physical world, the relation of
idealism to realism, and the issue between pluralism and absolutism.
The study of these problems involves the critical reading of Hume's
Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding and parts of the Treatise;
of portions of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and Metaphysic of

138 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

Ethics; of Spinoza's Ethics; of Fichte's Vocation of Man; and of
selected chapters from the writings of Pearson, James, Royce,
Ward, Bradley, Bergson, Russell, and other contemporary writers.

305. The Logic of Hegel.

Open to students who have completed course 204 and have completed or
are taking course J04, and by special arrangement to graduate students
who have completed course J04. Three hours a week for the first
semester.

Miss Case.

Text study of extended passages from the Logic of Hegel's En-
cyclopedia.

306. Philosophy or Religion.

Open to students who have completed course 305. Three hours a week
for the second semester.

Miss Case.

(a) Critical study of methods of examining reHgious behefs,
especially the psychological method and the method of Hegel. The
relation of these methods to pragmatic tests. Readings from Durk-
heim, James, Coe, Royce, Bosanquet, Hocking, Dewey, and others.
(&) Discussion of special problems selected by the class, (c) Con-
cluding lectures on the significance of religious experience.

321. Ethics.

Open by permission to graduate students. Three hours a week for the
second semester.

Miss Case.

Subject suggested for 1920-21 : Current Tendencies in Ethics.

322. Constructive Treatment or Problems in Metaphysics.

Open by permission to graduate students. Three hours a week for the
first semester.

Miss Calkins.

Subject in 1920-21: Problems of the Philosophy of Nature.

323. Special Study of Philosophical Systems. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open by permission to graduate students. Three hours a week for a
semester or for a year.

Subject in 1919-20: The Cambridge Platonists.

1920-21 Physics 139

PHYSICS

Professor: Louise Sherwood McDowell, Ph.D.
Associate Professor: Grace Evangeline Davis,* M.A.
Assistant Professors: Frances Lowater, Ph.D.
Lucy Wilson, Ph.D.
Assistants: Hilda Lydia Begeman, B.A.
Elvie Lyona Bishop, M.A.
Graduate Assistant: Mary Barrett Ashbaugh, B.S.

101. Elementary Physics.

Open to students who do not ofer Physics for admission. Three hours
a week for a year.

Miss McDowell, Miss Wilson, Miss Begeman,
Miss Bishop, Miss Ashbaugh.

This course is for beginners and presents briefly the elementary
principles of mechanics, sound, heat, electricity, and light, and
their simpler applications. The course is conducted by means of
experimental lectures followed by laboratory work.

102. General Physics.

Open to students who have met the admission requirement. Three hours
a week for a year.

Miss Lowater.

This course is intended for students who already have an ele-
mentary knowledge of the phenomena of the physical world, and
presents more fully than course loi the fimdamental principles in
mechanics, heat, magnetism, electricity, sound, and light, and their
applications. The course is conducted by means of experimental
lectures and laboratory work.

201. Electricity.

Open to students who have completed course loi (i of igig-20) or course
102 {2 of igig-20) and by special perinission to juniors and seniors
who have met the admission requirement. Three hours a week for the
first semester.

Miss Davis.

Magnetic and electric fields of force; the study and use of instru-
ments for the measurement of current, potential difference, resist-
ance, and capacity; electromagnetic induction.

202. Heat.

Open to students who have completed course 201 (3 of igiQ-20) and by
< Absent on leave for the second semester.

140 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

special permission to students who have completed or are taking course
loi (i of igig-26). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Wilson.

Thermometry, calorimetry, properties of vapors and gases, lique-
faction of gases, transmission of heat and its application in the
heating and ventilation of buildings, kinetic theory, elementary
thermodynamics, heat engines.

203. Meteorology. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have completed course
loi (i of igig-20) or who have met the admission requirement. Three
hours a week for the second semester.

204. The Automobile: Principles and Construction.

Open by permission to juniors and seniors who have completed course
loi (i of igi9-2o) or who have met the admission requirement. One
hour a week for a year.

Miss Wilson.

The internal combustion engine; carburetors; systems of igni-
tion, starting and lighting, and transmission. Lectures with
demonstrations to illustrate the physical principles involved.
Individual laboratory study of various automobile mechanisms.

301. Light.

Open to students who have completed course 201 {7 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Lowater.

The wave theory and its application to the phenomena of dis-
persion, interference, diffraction, polarization, propagation in crys-
talline media; theory and use of optical instruments; modem
methods of illumination.

302. Electromagnetic Waves and Radio Telegraphy.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course 201 (7 of 1919-
20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss McDowell.

Alternating currents; electric oscillations; electromagnetic
waves and their application to radio telegraphy and telephony.

303. Recent Developments in Electricity. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course 201 (7 of J919-
20). Three hours a week for the second semester.

1920-21 Reading and Speaking 141

304. Theoretical Electmcity and Magnetism.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed course 201 (7 of
191Q-20) and also course 301 (5 of igig-20) in Mathematics. Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Miss McDowell.

The work is based upon Starling's Electricity and Magnetism and
free use is made of the calculus.

305. Mechanics.

Open to students who have completed course loi or 102 (i or 2 of igig-
20) in Physics, course 301 (3 of ig>iQ-2o) in Mathematics and either
course 304 {11 of igiQ-20) in Physics or course 303 {10 of 1919-20)
in Mathematics. When combined with course 303 (10 of 1919-20)
in Mathematics it may he counted toward a major in Mathematics.
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Lowater.

Equations of motion; simple harmonic motion; central orbits;
statics of rigid bodies; work, energy; dynamics of a particle;
motion of rigid bodies.

306. Mathematical Theory of Light. (Not offered in 1920-21.)

Open to students who have completed course 301 (5 of 1919-20). Three
hours a week for the second semester.

307. Laboratory Practice.

Open to juniors and seniors who have taken or are taking a grade III
course in the department. One hour a week for a year.

Miss McDowell, Miss Davis,
Miss Lowater, Miss Wilson.

Laboratory practice arranged to fit the needs of the individual
student. Opportunity will be given for a series of experiments upon
related topics and for training in laboratory technique such as scien-
tific photography.

READING AND SPEAKING

Professor: Malvina Bennett, M.A.
Assistant Professor: Elizabeth Parker Hunt, Ph.B.

INSTRUCTOR: EdITH MARGARET SMAILL.

Six hours in this department may be counted within the fifty-
nine required for the B.A. degree.

101. Reading and Speaking.

Open to all undergraduates. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Bennett, Mrs. Hunt, Miss Smaill.

142 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

It is the purpose of this course to develop the ability to read
aloud simply and easily and to speak with clearness and conviction.

Various forms of literature studied, and exercises given to free the
body and voice; phonetics and enunciation.

102. English Speech. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to all ujider graduates. Three hours a week for a year.

This course is designed to teach foreigners the correct pronuncia-
tion of English; for students who intend to teach English speech to
foreigners at home or abroad; and to help all students who need to
overcome serious defects in speech. Attention is given to individual
needs and special exercises prescribed.

103. Public Speaking,

Open to sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Three hours a week for a
year.

Mrs. Hunt.

This course is designed to develop the ability to speak in public
effectively. There will be the presentation and criticism of original
speeches, and of speeches selected from famous addresses.

201. Advanced Course in Interpretative Reading.

Open to students who have taken one course in the department. Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Smaill.

Voice Training continued.

The study and presentation of various forms of standard literature.

This course is designed primarily to develop the imaginative and
creative power of the individual and to arouse an appreciation of
the educational value of interpretative expression.

Tennyson, Browning, Modern Poetry, and Drama.

301. Interpretation of Shakespeare.

Open to students who have taken one course in the depart?netit, also to
those who have completed or are taking English Literature 305 or jog.
Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Bennett.

Intensive study of the text for expression; the giving under
student management of all the great scenes in a play.
Three plays studied.

1920-21 Spanish 143

SPANISH

Associate Professor; Alice Huntington Bushee, M.A.

INSTRUCTORS: ANGELA PALOMO, B.A.

Ada May Coe, B.A.

Note. — A reading knowledge of French is required for all grade III work and desirable
in all courses. The language of the class room is Spanish.

101 1- Elementary Course.

Open to all undergraduates. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Bushee, Miss Palomo, Miss Coe.

Grammar, composition, dictation, conversation, prepared and
sight translation. Short lectures are given in Spanish on different
literary subjects to train the ear and serve as an introduction to later
study.

102. Intermediate Course.

Open to students who have completed course loi (i of igig-zo) or an
equivalent. Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Palomo, Miss Coe.

Grammar, composition, themes, lectures, reading of typical mod-
em novels and selections from Don Quijote.

201. Spanish Literature in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Cen-

turies.
Open to students who have completed course 102 {2 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Bushee.

The aim of this course is to give the student a general idea of
Spanish literature after the Golden Age: the French influence,
Romanticism, and the noted authors of the latter part of the nine-
teenth century. This includes the rapid reading of both prose and
poetry.

202. Modern Spanish American Literature.

Open to students who have completed course 102 {2 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Coe.

The aim of this course is to show the influences at work in the
making of Spanish American Literature with the reaction, especially

% Spanish loi may not be counted toward the B.A. degree if taken after the junior year.

144 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

in poetry, on the literature of Spain. Lectures will be given on
the political and social conditions of the leading countries.

203. Advanced Conversation and Composition.

Open to students who have completed course 102 {2 of igi^2o). One
hour a week for a year.

Miss Palomo.

Three or four twentieth century plays will form the basis for this
course and will give opportunity for oral discussion and written
reports on life in contemporary Spain.

301. Drama of the Golden Age.

Open to students who have completed course 201 {4 of igig-26) or with
the permission of the instructor to those who have cojnpleted course 202
{6 of igig-20). Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Bushee.

This course will be introduced by a short general outline of the
historical and literary influences at work during the period. Char-
acteristic dramas of Lope de Vega, Alarcon, Tirso de Molina, and
Calderon will be studied as representative of the nation's thought
and ideals at the time.

302. The Spanish Novel.

Open to students who have completed course 201 {4 of igig-20) or with
the permission of the instructor to those who have completed course 202
{6 of jgic^2o). Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Bushee.

The first semester will be devoted to a general study of the novel
before 1650 (especially the caballeresca, picaresca, and pastoral)
and its relation to other countries. During the second semester
Don Quijote will be studied.

303. Old Spanish Literature from 1150 to 1400. (Not given in

1920-21.)

Open to graduates and to approved seniors who have had at least one
course of grade III. Three hours a week for a year.

Study of "El Poema del Cid" and other characteristic works of
the period.

1920-21 Zoology and Physiology 145

ZOOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY

professors: marian elizabeth hubbard, b.s.

Caroline Burling Thompson, Ph.D.
Associate Professor: Julia Eleanor Moody, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor: Alice Middleton Boring, Ph.D.

INSTRUCTOR: MARGARET ALGER HAYDEN, M.A.

Assistants: Margaret Esther Elliott, B.S.
Harriet Vose, M.A.
Eleanor Dewey Mason, B.A.
Curator: Albert Pitts Morse,

lecturer in entomology.
Laboratory Assistants: Mary Lellah Austin, B.A.

Helen Blanche Jacobs, B.A.
Alice Rupp, B.A.

101. The Biology of Animals.

Open to freshmen, sophomores ^ and juniors. Three hours a week for
a year.

Miss Hubbard, Miss Hayden,
Miss Elliott, Miss Vose, Miss Mason.

This course is designed to furnish an introduction to the funda-
mental principles of Zoology. It aims to furnish a clear conception
of what an animal is, and to build up, on a concrete basis, an under-
standing of the process of evolution. This is done through a study
of a number of representative forms, — the crayfish, unicellular
animals, the hydra, and a mammal.

Lectures, laboratory, field work.

201. Invertebrate Zoology.

Open to students who have taken course loi (i of igi^2o). Three
hours a week for the first semester.

Miss Hayden.

A study of invertebrate types, except the Arthropoda, with ref-
erence to their structure, life-history, habits, and distribution;
emphasis is given to the general principles of evolution. Lectures,
laboratory, field and museum trips.

202. Invertebrate Zoology.

Opeji to students who have taken course 201, or, by permission of the
department, to students who have completed course loi (i of igig-20).
Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Thompson.

146 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

A study of the Arthropoda with special reference to the group of
insects; their structure, life-history and habits. Attention will be
given to insects of economic importance, such as the silk-worm,
the disease carriers, household insects and those injurious to vege-
tables, fruit and trees. Lectures, laboratory, field and museum
trips.

203. Vertebrate Zoology.

Open to seniors without prerequisites, and to other students who have
completed course loi (i of igig-20) . Three hours a week for a year.

Miss Moody.

Evidences of evolution from the study of comparative anatomy
and the development of the vertebrates, based upon a careful
dissection of dogfish, necturus, reptile, and cat. The aim through-
out is to trace the evolution of the vertebrate type with particular
reference to the history of the human body. Lectures, laboratory
and museum work.

204. Elementary Physiology. (Not given in 1920-21.)

Open to sophomores, juniors and seniors who have taken Zoology loi
(i of igig-20) and Chemistry loi or 102 (i or 4 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Boring.

The normal functions of mammalian organisms are considered
with special reference to the human organism. The different systems
of the body are studied as to the microscopic structure of the organs
involved, and their functions. A brief survey of foods is made,
together with a consideration of the problems of nutrition and
metabolism. Lectures, laboratory work, demonstrations.

SOL Mammalian Anatomy AND Histology. (Hygiene 301.)

Open to first-year students in the Department of Hygiene, also to
juniors and seniors who are registered as five-year Hygiene students.
If counted as part of a major in Zoology, course 301 must he pre-
ceded by course loi. One and one-half hours a week for a year.

Miss Moody.

Lectures and laboratory work on the gross and microscopic
anatomy of bones and muscles; digestive, respiratory, excretory,
reproductive, circulatory and nervous systems. Special emphasis
is given to the study of the human skeleton and muscles.

1920-21 Zoology and Physiology 147

302. General Physiology. (Hygiene 302.)

Open to first-year students in the Department of Hygiene, also to
juniors and seniors registered as five-year Hygiene students; and to
juniors and seniors who have completed or are taking course 203
(2 of igi^2o) and Chemistry loi or 102 (i or 4 of igig-20). Three
hours a week for a year.

Miss Boring.

The course aims to present the fundamental facts and theories
which underiie the normal functions of mammalian organisms. It
includes a brief survey of foods, a consideration of the problems of
nutrition and metabolism, and a study of the different systems of
the body. The role of physiology in the present day investigations
of industrial efficiency and fatigue will be pointed out, and the
problems and application of modem research discussed.

303. Histology.

Open to juniors and seniors who have completed or are taking course
20 J (2 of igig-20), or 201 and 202, or 204 or 302. Three hours a
week for the first semester.

Miss Thompson.

A study of animal cells, tissues and organs, with discussions of
related problems. Practical work in technique, or the making of
microscopic preparations, is required of each student.

304. Embryology.

Open to students who have completed course 203, or 201 and 202, or
204 or 302. Three hours a week for the second semester.

Miss Thompson.

A|^general study of the processes and principles of animal develop-
ment and the related problems. The illustrative material includes
some invertebrates for early stages, and for later stages the chick
and the pig. Microscopic preparations of a series of stages of the
chick are made by each student.

305. Theories and Problems of Zoology.

Open with the advice of the department to students who have completed
or are completing three years' work in Zoology. Three hours a week for
the first semester.

Miss Thompson.

A critical study of theories of the origin of life, development,
evolution and heredity.

148 Courses of Instruction 1920-21

306. Genetics.

Open with the advice of the department to students who have com-
pleted or are completing three years' work in Zoology; to five-year
Hygiene students who are completing a major in Zoology. Three hours
a week for the second semester.

Miss Boring.

Problems in experimental evolution, Mendelian heredity, modern
cytological questions, and eugenics. Reading and discussions of
current journals, following out the various lines of present day
research.

307. Undergraduate Research.

Open with the advice of the department to students who have completed
a nine-hour major in Zoology. One and one-half or three hours a week
for a year.

Elementary problems in Histology, Embryology, Invertebrate or
Vertebrate Zoology. Independent work will be required of the stu-
dent under the direction of the instructor in the field chosen.

1920-21 Examinations 149

COLLEGE EXAMINATIONS

An examination period occurs at the end of each semester.
At these periods, and also during the days of the admission
examinations in September, examinations for the removal of
conditions and deficiencies and for advanced standing may
be taken.

A student who wishes to take an examination upon a course which is
not a part of her approved schedule for the year, must apply to the Dean
for the requisite card of admission to the examination. The last day for
receiving appHcations for such cards is jor the September examinations,
September first; for the mid-year examinations, January first; for the June
examinations, May fifteenth.

N. B. Examinations for the removal of conditions and deficiencies
excepted, no student can be admitted to examination upon a course which
is not a part of her approved schedule for the year without permission
both from the Head of the Department concerned and the Dean of the
College. No student, therefore, should enter upon preparation for such an
examination until her plan has been approved by both of the above named
officers.

S^^The College reserves the right to require the with-
drawal of students whose scholarship is not satisfactory,
and of those who for any other reason are regarded as not
in accord with the ideals and standards which the College
seeks to maintain.

DEGREES

The following degrees are conferred by the Trustees upon
recommendation of the Academic Council: —
Bachelor of Arts.
Master of Arts.

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE B.A. DEGREE

Every candidate for the B.A. degree must complete before
graduation the equivalent of fifty-nine hours. Since 1896,
two grades in work which reaches the passing mark have
been distinguished: one "Passed'^; the other, "Passed with
Credit.^' In order to be recommended for the degree of
Bachelor of Arts a student must have ''passed with credit"
in not less than six hours in the first semester of the freshman

150 Degrees 1920-21

year and in not less than nine hours in each succeeding semester.
Deficiency of such work in any semester may be made good in
accordance with regulations adopted by the Faculty. First-year
French and first-year German may not both be counted among
the fifty-nine hours. Neither first-year French nor first-year
German may be so counted if taken after the sophomore
year. Second-year French, second-year German, first-year
Itahan and first-year Spanish may not be counted among the
fifty-nine hours, "if taken after the junior year. Of the fifty-
nine hours required for the B.A. degree, a certain number is
prescribed, the rest elective.

I. Prescribed. The following subjects are required as
specified: —

BibHcal History 4>^ hours

English Composition 3 or ^}i*

Mathematics 3

Language (unless a third language has been

presented for admission) .... 3
Natural Science (if not presented for admis-
sion) 3 "

A Second Natural Science .... 3

Philosophy 3 "

Hygiene ^t

245^ or 26 hours

Of the required subjects, ]Mathematics must be taken in the freshman
year; Hygiene one and one-half hours in the freshman year, and one-half
hour in the sophomore year; BibUcal History, three three-hour semester
courses in the sophomore and the junior years; EngUsh Composition three
hours per week in the freshman year.* Of the natural sciences, one must
be taken before the junior j^ear; either a language or a science must be taken
in the freshman year and both if neither a third language nor a science
is offered for admission. Philosophy should ordinarily be taken before the
senior year.

II. Elective. All courses are classified in Grades I, II,
III; Grade I including elementary courses and Grade III
the most advanced courses. All of the fifty-nine hours not
indicated in the above are elective, subject to the approval
of the Faculty.

♦ If a student fails to pass with credit in the second semester of English Composition
1 01, she will be required to take an additional semester course in the sophomore year.

t One hour of this requirement is met by a one-hour course in Hygiene in the freshman
year; the second hour is met by four periods in practical work, two periods per week m the
freshman year and two in the sophomore year.

1920-21 Degrees 151

Moreover every candidate for the B.A. degree must shov/ before gradua-
tion that she has completed either

(i) nine hours in each of two departments,

or
(2) twelve hours in one department and six hours in a second de-
partment.

Of the courses offered to fulfill this requirement, at least one full course
of Grade III must be taken in the senior year. The nine-hour group must
consist of at least six hours above Grade I, three hours of which must be of
Grade III. The twelve-hour group must consist of at least nine hours
above Grade I, six hours of which must be of Grade III. The six-hour group
must include at least three hours above Grade I.

These requirements are met in the freshman year as fol-
lows:—

Mathematics loi with 102 or 103 . . 3 hours
English Composition loi .... 3 **

Hygiene 120 and 121 i}4 "

Electives 9 **

Total i6>^ hours

These electives must be chosen in accordance with the prerequisites given

in the department statements from the list of courses named below, subject

to the following restrictions: —

(i) One elective must be a science (if no science is offered for admission), and the second
a language (if only two foreign languages are offered for admission).

(2) One elective must be chosen from courses in classics, history, or science.

(3) Only one of the following subjects may be elected: Art, Musical Theory, English
Literature, Reading and Speaking.

(4) French loi and German loi may not both be elected.

Language Sciences Other Subjects

Greek loi, 201, 202 Astronomy loi Art loi, 102

Latin 1 01, 102 Botany 1 01 English Literature 1 01, 102 and 103
German loi, 102, 103 and 104 Chemistry loi, 102 and 201 History loi and 102, 103, 104

French loi, 102, 103 Geology loi Musical Theory loi

Italian loi Physics loi, 102 Reading and Speaking loi, 102

Spanish loi, 102 Zoology loi

If 16^ hours are satisfactorily completed in the freshman year, the normal
program for the remaining years would be as follows: —

Sophomore year 15/^ hours

Junior year 15 "

Senior year 12 "

If 163^ hours are not completed in the freshman year, a student may by
special permission carry extra hours in the remaining years.

Elective courses must be choseti idth great care so that changes will not be
necessary. Students are held responsible for observing the requirements for the
degree and the proper sequence of courses.

All requests for changes of elective courses should be sent to the Dean of
the College before September 15th. In general, no changes may be made
after the beginning of the year.

152 Expenses 1920-21

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE M.A. DEGREE

The work required of a candidate for the M.A. degree is
expected to occupy her entire time for a college year and is the
equivalent of fifteen hours of college work. It includes, in gen-
eral, no fewer than two full courses of Grade III or their equiva-
lents, in addition to a thesis or a report or reports based on some
piece or pieces of independent work. The student should choose
one major subject and not more than one minor subject, which
should be related to the major; or she may, if she prefers, do all
her work in one subject. A candidate for the M.A. degree
is ordinarily required to have a reading knowledge of French
and of German, although another language may sometimes be
substituted for one of these languages.

One year of graduate work is required of all candidates for
the M.A. degree, but more time may be needed for the comple-
tion of the work.

Graduates of Wellesley College may do all the work in
non-residence, under conditions defined in the Graduate
Circular.

One year in residence is required of all other candidates for
the degree.

Information regarding thesis, final examinations, etc., will
be found in the Graduate Circular which will be sent on ap-
plication to the College Recorder.

EXPENSES
TUITION

The charge for tuition to all students, whether living in
college buildings or not, is $300 a year. Tuition is payable
in advance and is not subject to return or deduction.

Students who are permitted to take seven hours or less of
class-room work a week, and wlw do not live in college buildings^
pay tuition by the course as follows: for a one-hour course,
$35; a two-hour course, $70; a three-hour course, $100. Pay-
ment is due at the beginning of the year. No charge is made
for tuition in Biblical History.

TUITION AND OTHER CHARGES IN DEPARTMENT
OF MUSIC

For instruction for the college year in Pianoforte, Organ,

Violin, or Vocal Music, two lessons a week . . . $120

One lesson a week 60

(Lessons thirty minutes in length.)

1920-21 Expenses 153

For use of the Pianoforte, one period daily for the college year . $15

For two and three periods daily, in proportion.

For use of the Pipe Organ in Music Hall, one period daily, for

the college year 20

For two or three periods daily, in proportion.

Special arrangements may be made for lessons on instruments not men-
tioned above.

Tuition in music must always be paid in advance and is not subject to
return or deduction.

FIXED TIMES AND AMOUNTS OF PAYMENTS

7. For students who room in college buildings.

Application fee payable in advance S lo

September (at the opening of college)

On account of tuition $190

On account of board and room 250 440

February (before the beginning of the second semester)

Balance on tuition $100

Balance on board and room 250 350

Total for the year $800

The regular charge for board begins at the opening of dormitories.

//. For students who do not room in college buildings.

a. Students who take their meals in college buildings, but
room in private houses.

Application fee payable in advance S 10

September (at the opening of college)

On account of tuition S190

On account of board 165 355

February (before the beginning of the second semester)

Balance on tuition $100

Balance on board 160 260

Total for the year S625

Such students make payments for rooms directly to the householder
at such rates and times as the parties to the arrangement may agree upon.
Information regarding boarding places may be obtained by addressing the
Dean of Residence.

b. Students who neither board nor room in college buildings
pay tuition as follows: —

Application fee payable in advance $ 10

September (at the opening of college) 190

February (before the beginning of the second semester) . . 100

Total for the year $300

154 Fees 1920-21

Such students make payment for room and board directly to the man-
agement of the private houses in which they have secured lodging and
meals, at such rates and times as the parties to the arrangement may
agree upon. Information regarding boarding places may be obtained
by addressing the Dean of Residence.

Payments must he mode before the student can take her
place in the class room. No exception will he made to this rule
without a written permission from the Treasurer,

W^Checks or money orders should he made payahle to Welles-
ley College,

FEES

/. Undergraduate.

An application fee of $io is required from all candidates
for admission, and no application is recorded until the fee is
received. The same fee is required from all students in
college who are intending to return for the following year,
and from all former students who apply for readmission. If
the student enters college, the amount of the application fee
is deducted from the first tuition bill after entrance. If
formal notice of withdrawal is received at the College before
August 15th of the year for which the application is made,
the fee will be refunded. In all other cases it is forfeited
to the College. A student who postpones entrance until the
year following the one for which she first appHed may
transfer her application fee. But a fee so transferred will not
be refunded if the student later decides to withdraw, unless
the request for the transfer was received within the specified
time. Requests for second transfers are sometimes granted,
but a fee transferred a second time will not be refunded under
any circumstances.

An additional charge is made for materials and the use of
apparatus in the following laboratory courses: $5 for each
laboratory course in Astronomy, Botany, Chemistry, Geol-
ogy, Physics, Zoology; $5 each for course 321 in Hygiene and
for courses 202 and 205 in Musical Theory; $2.50 each for the
half courses 303 and 304 in Musical Theory, and for course
210 in Hygiene; $2 each for the studio courses in Art, and
$1 each for other Art courses, $2 being the maximum charge
for Art fees to any student. These fees are not subject to
refund. Every student should also reckon on the expenditure

1920-21 Residence 155

of $15 to $30 annually for the purchase of books. At the tune
of taking the B.A. degree or the certificate in Hygiene a diploma
fee of $10 is charged.

//. Graduate.

A matriculation fee of $5 is payable when a student is ac-
cepted as a candidate for the Master's degree. The amount
of this fee will be deducted from the diploma fee of $25 pay-
able when the degree is received.

RESIDENCE

The residence halls belonging to the College and situated
within the hmits of the campus are Stone, Norumbega,
Freeman, Wood, Fiske, Wilder, Pomeroy, Cazenove, Beebe,
Shafer, Tower Court, Claflin, and The Homestead. Eliot,
Washington, Noanett, Crofton and Little Houses, also the
property of the College, and eight houses leased to the College
for dormitory purposes in order to meet temporary needs, are
situated outside and immediately adjoining the college grounds.
All these houses are under the direction of officers appointed
by the College. All the rooms are furnished, and supphed with
electric lights.

^I^^ A student vacating a room before the dose of the year,
or relinquishing a room reserved for her at the beginning of
the year, will be charged for board until the vacancy has been
filled by an incoming student. Therefore, notice of inten-
tion to withdraw should be given at the earhest possible mo-
ment. No deduction is made for absences during the year.

Apphcations for rooms in college buildings take the date at
which the application fee is received. (See pages 24 and 1 54.)

Until May first, but not after that date, applications from
former students will take precedence of those of new students
in the matter of rooms.

^^^^ No student can receive a diploma until a satisfactory
settlement of all her college dues has been made.

HEALTH

The resident physician, Katharine P. Raymond, B.S.,
M.D., together with the Director of the Department of Hygiene,
the Dean of Residence, and the President and the Dean of the

156 Fellowships and Scholarshlps 1920-21

College, ex officio^ constitute a board of health to which all
matters affecting the health of students are referred. Simp-
son Cottage is maintained as an infirmary under the charge
of Dr. Raymond. A neighboring cottage has recently been
fitted up as an annex. Two trained nurses are in constant
attendance. The services of the Resident Physician for con-
sultation and treatment are free to all students.

FELLOWSHIPS AND SCHOLARSHIPS

A. FOR GRADUATES

The Alice Freeman Palmer Fellowship, yielding an
income of about $i,ooo, was founded in 1903, by Mrs. David
P. Kimball.

The holder of this Fellowship must be a graduate of Wellesley College or
some other American College of approved standing, a young woman of good
health, not more than twenty-six years of age at the time of her appoint-
ment, unmarried throughout the whole of her tenure, and as free as possible
from other responsibilides. The same person will not be eligible to the
Fellowship for more than two years.

The Fellowship may be used for study abroad, for study at any American
college or university, or privately for independent research. Several times
during the period of tenure the holder of the Fellowship must furnish evi-
dence that it is used for purposes of serious study and not for general cul-
ture; and within three years from entrance on the Fellowship she must pre-
sent to the faculty a thesis embodying the results of the research carried on
during the period of tenure.

Applications for this Fellowship should be received by the President of
Wellesley College not later than February first of the academic year pre-
ceding that for which the Fellowship is asked.

Holders of this Fellowship

1904-190S — Lehmann, Harriet (I>lrs. Kitchin), ^ ^ Biology.

B.A. Ripoa College, 1902; M.A. Northwestern University, 1903; Graduate
Student Radcliffe College, 1904-1905.

1905-1906 — Andrus, Grace Mead (Mrs. de Laguna), Philosophy.

B.A. Cornell University, 1903; Graduate Student Cornell University, 1903-1905.
Declined the Fellowship, which was awarded to

Gardiner, Elizabeth Manning (Mrs. Whitmore), Art.

B.A. Radcliffe College, 1901; M.A. Wellesley College, 1905; Student American
School of Classical Studies in Rome, 1905-1907; American School of Classical
Studies in Athens, 1907-1908; Instructor in Art, Wellesley College, 1908-1910;
Assistant to Director, Worcester Art Museum, 1909-1913.

1906-1907 — Johnson, Anna (Mrs. Pell), Mathematics.

B.A. University of South Dakota, 1903; M.S. University of Iowa, 1904; M.A.
Radchffe College, 1905; Graduate Student Radcliffe College, 1905-1906; Student
University of Gottingen, 1906-1907, 1908; Instructor in Mathematics, University
of South Dakota, 1907; Ph.D. University of Chicago, 1910; Instructor in Mathe-
matics, 1911-1914, and Associate Professor, 1914-1918, Mt. Holyoke College;
Associate Professor of Mathematics, Bryn Mawr College, 1918 .

1920-21 Fellowships and Scholarships 157

1907-1908 — Cook, Helen Dodd (Mrs. Vincent), Philosophy.

B.A. Wellesley College, 1905; M.A. 1907; Fellow in Philosophy and Psychology,
Wellesley College, 1906-1907; Student at University of Wurzburg, IQ07-1909;
Ph.D. University of WUrzburg, 1909; Instructor in Psychology, Wellesley College,
1909-1913; Instructor in Psychology, Montclair Normal School, 1913-1916.

1908-1909 — Stone, Isabelle. Greek.

B.A. Wellesley College, 1905; Graduate Student Cornell University, 1905-1908;
Ph.D. Cornell University, 1908; Student American School of Classical Studies in
Athens, 1908-1909; Reader in Greek, Bryn Mawr College, second semester, 190^
1910; Head of Greek and Latin Departments, Woman's College of Alabama, first
semester, 1910-1911.

1909-1910 — Shepperxe, Gertrude (Mrs. Loomis), Comparative Literature.

B.A. Wellesley College, 1903; M.A, 1905; Graduate Student Radciiffe Colloge,
1905-1907; Student Lfniversity of Munich, 1907-1908; University of Paris, 1908-
1911; Ph.D. Radciiffe College, 1909; Instructor in English, University of Illinois,
1911-1912; Instructor in German, New York University, 1912-1913; Instructor
in English, 1913-1914, and Associate in English, 1914-1919, University of Illinois;
Assistant Professor of French, Vassal College, 1919 .

1910-1911 — HiBBARD, Laura Alandis, English Literature.

B.A. Wellesley College, 1905; M.A. 1908; Graduate Student University of Chi-
cago, 1909-1911; Ph.D. University of Chicago, 1916; Instructor in English Liter-
ature, Mt. Holyoke College, i9o8-i9i6;Instructor in English Literature, 1916-1917,
and Associate Professor, 1917 , Wellesley College.

1911-1912 — Barbour, Violet, History.

B.A. Cornell University, 1906; M.A. 1909; Graduate Scholar in History, Cornell
University, 1908-1909; carrying on historical research in England, France, and Hol-
land, 1911-1913; Ph.D. Cornell University, 1914; Instructor in History, 1914-
1919 and Assistant Professor 1919 , Vassar College.

1912-1913 — Coats, Bessie Marion, Philosophy.

B.A. Vassar College, 1907; Mary E. Ives Fellow, Yale University, 1910-1911;
Graduate Student Radciiffe College, 1911-1915; M.A. Radciiffe College, 19x2;
Principal of Ferry Hall, Lake Forest, 111., 1915-1918; Principal of Bradford
Academy, Bradford, Mass., 1918 .

19 13-19 14— Stocking, Ruth, Zoology.
B.A. Goucher College, 1910; Graduate Student Goucher College and Johns Hop-
kins University, 1910-1911; Graduate Student Bryn Mawr College, 1911-1912;
University Fellow in Zoology, Johns Hopkins University, 1912-1913; Johns Hopkins
University, 1913-1914; Ph.D. Johns Hopkins Univer»ity, 1915; Professor of Biology,
Agnes Scott College, 1915-1916; Professor of Biology, Wells College, 1916 .

19 14-19 IS — H olden, Ruth, Botany.

B.A. Radciiffe College, 1911; M.A. Radciiffe College, 1912; Graduate Student
Radciiffe College, 191 2-1913; Student in Botany School, Cambridge University,
England, 1913. Died April 23, 1917.

1915-1916 — Hazlett, Olive Cuo, Mathematics.

i B.A. Radciiffe College, 1912; M.S. University of Chicago, 1913; Graduate Student
and Fellow, University of Chicago, 1912-1015; Holder of Fellowship of the Boston
Branch of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae, 1914-1915; Ph.D. University of
Chicago, 1915; Student at Radciiffe College, 1915-1916; Associate in Mathematics,
Bryn Mawr College, 1916-1918; Instructor in Mathematics, Mt. Holyoke College
1918 ,

1916-1917— Hazlett, Olive Clio, Mathematics.

Declined the Fellowship, which was awarded to

Dunn, Grace Adelaide, . Botany.

Ph.B. Hamline University, 1909; M.A. Johns Hopkins University, 1914; Ph.D.
Johns Hopkins University, igiS-

1917-1918—HEMPL, Hilda (Mrs. Heller), Bacteriology.

B.A. Leland Stanford, Jr., University, 1914; M.S. University of Michigan, 1915.
Holder of the Scandinavian-American Fellowship, 1915-1916; Holder of the Eu-
ropean Fellowship of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae, 1916-1917. Student
at University of California, 1917-1918.

1918-1919— Cohen, Teresa, Mathematics.

B.A. Goucher College, 1912; M.A. Johns Hopkins University, 1915; Ph.D. Johns
Hopkins University, 1918.

158 Fellowships and Scholarships 1920-21

1919-1920 — Allard, Beatrice (Mrs. Brooks), _ Semitic Literature.

B.A. Mt. Holyoke College. 1915; Scholar in Semitic Lantcuages, Bryn Mawr
College, 1915-1916; Fellow, Brj^n Mawr College, 1916-1918; Holder of the Mary
E. Woolley Fellowship of Mt. Holyoke College, Brya Mawr College, 1918-1919.
Instructor in Biblical History, Wellesley College, 1920 .

1920-1921 — Whitaker, Edith Susan, Botany.

BA. Radcliffe College, 1916; MA. Radcliffe College, 1917; Graduate Student at
Radcliffe College, 1917-1918.

Eighteen Graduate Scholarships to the value of $300
A YEAR, the equivalent of one year's tuition, have been estab-
lished for the benefit of approved candidates for the M.A.
degree in residence at Wellesley. Apphcations for these
scholarships should be addressed to the College Recorder,
Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.

Scholarships in Schools of Classical Study. — Student-
ships in the American School of Classical Studies in Athens,
and the American Academy in Rome, are open to graduates
and graduate students of Wellesley College who have done
sufl5cient work in the classics to meet the admission require-
ments. The object of these schools is to afford opportunity
for the study of classical literature, art, and antiquities, to
aid in original research in these subjects, and to conduct the
exploration and excavation of classical sites.

The American School of Classical Studies in Athens. — The school year
extends from October first to June first. The regulations for admission are
as follows: "Bachelors of Arts of co-operating colleges, and all Bachelors
of Arts who have studied at one of these colleges as candidates for a higher
degree, shall be admitted to membership in the School on presenting to the
Committee a certificate from the classical department of the college at which
they have last studied, stating that they are competent to pursue an inde-
pendent course of study at Athens under the advice of the Director. Mem-
bers of the school are subject to no charge for tuition," * Further informa-
tion can be had by appHcation to Professor Walton, who represents
Wellesley College upon the Managing Committee of the School.

The American Academy in Rome, School of Classical Studies. — The Amer-
ican School of Classical Studies is now one of the consolidated schools of
the American Academy in Rome. The school year extends from the fif-
teenth of October to the fifteenth of June. It is hoped that a summer ses-
sion also for teachers of the classics may be arranged. For information in
regard to the work of the School and the requirements for admission, applica-
tion may be made to Professor Hawes.

Scholarships in the Marine Biological Laboratory
at Wood's HoLEf. — Wellesley College offers annually two

* A few Fellowships are awarded on competitive examination.

t On the approval of the Department, the scholarship in Botany may be assigned, under
special conditions, for study in other summer laboratories.

1920-21 Fellowships and Scholarships 159

scholarships for study at this laboratory. The laboratory
is open to investigators for the whole year. During the sum-
mer three courses in Zoology and two in Botany are offered
to those needing instruction. AppHcants desiring to take
any of these courses must have completed a college course
in the subject in which they wish to work.

Students in either Botany or Zoology who desire to undertake original
work will receive suitable direction. In addition to these opportunities
there are courses of lectures on special topics and on subjects of general
biological interest. AppUcations for appointment should state the char-
acter of the work to be done, — i.e.^ whether botanical or zoological, whether
general work, investigation under direction, or independent investigation, —
and should be forwarded to Professor Hubbard or Professor Ferguson in
time to reach Wellesley College before April first.

The Ruth Ingersoll Goldmark Memorial Fund was es-
tabhshed by Mr. C. J. Goldmark in 191 7, at present affording
an income of $250, to be appHed to the aid of deserving stu-
dents doing graduate work at Wellesley College or elsewhere in
EngHsh Literature or EngHsh Composition or in the Classics,
Enghsh Literature being given the preference.

The Loretto Fish Carney Memorial Fund, founded in
1920 by the alumnae and staff of the Boston Normal School of
Gymnastics and the Department of Hygiene of Wellesley
College, the income to be awarded to a senior in the department
at the discretion of the teaching staff of the department and
the President of the College. (Accumulating.)

B. FOR UNDERGRADUATES

The income of these scholarships is applied to the aid of meritorious under-
graduate students whose personal means are insufficient for their main-
tenance in college.

The Wood Memorial Scholarship of $5,000, founded in
1878 by CaroHne A. Wood, in memory of her husband.

The Grover Scholarship of $5,000, founded in 1878 by
WilHam O. Grover.

The Weston Scholarship of $5,000, founded in 1878 by
David M. Weston.

The Northfield Seminary Scholarship of $5,000, founded
in 1878.

The Pauline A. Durant Scholarship of $7,315, founded in
1880 by Mr. and Mrs. Henry F. Durant, and raised to its
present amount by bequest of Mrs. Durant in 1919.

160 Scholarships 1920-21

The Sweatman Scholarship of $5,000, founded in 1880 by

V. Clement Sweatman.
The Walter Baker Memorial Scholarship, founded in

1880 by Eleanor J. W. Baker; raised to $7,000 by will

of Mrs. Baker in 1892.

The Annie M. Wood Scholarship, founded in 1880 by
Frank Wood, who maintained it by annual payments;
capitalized at $10,000 in 19 15 by bequest of Mr. Wood.

Two Frost Scholarships, founded in 1880 by Rufus S.
Frost, as follows: —

One of $1,000, the income to be given annually to some
member of the graduating class designated by the
Faculty.

One of $5,000, the income to be devoted annually to the
aid of students.

The Union Church Scholarship, founded in 1880 by Mr.
and Mrs. A. W. Stetson.

The Florence N. Brown Memorial Scholarship of $5,000,
founded in 1880 by Mr. and Mrs. Samuel N. Brown, Jr.

The Augustus R. Clark Memorial Scholarship of $5,000,
founded in 1880 by Mr. and Mrs. A. N. Clark.

Four Harriet Fowle Smith Scholarships, founded in 1881
by Henry Fowle Durant, in memory of his mother.

The Durant Memorla.l Scholarship of $5,000, founded in
1883 by the oflScers and students of Wellesley College,
in honor of Henry F. Durant, the income to be appropri-
ated annually to some student selected by the Faculty.

The Jane Topliff Memorial Scholarship of $6,000, founded
in 1883 by Mrs. William S. Houghton, in memory of
her mother.

The Income of a Fund of $25,000, known as the Stone Edu-
cational (Scholarship) Fund, founded in 1884 by Valeria
G. Stone.

The Jeannie L. White Scholarship of $5,000, founded in
1886 by herself.

The Mr. and Mrs. Solomon F. Smith Memorial Scholar-
ship of $200 annually, founded in 1888 by George Smith,
for the tuition of students from the town of Wellesley.

1920-21 Scholarships 161

The Margaret McClung Cowan Fund of $i,ooo, founded
in 1888 by Rev. and Mrs. P. D. Cowan, in memory of
their daughter.

The Emmelar Scholarship of $5,000, founded in 1889 by
the class of 1891, the income to be appropriated annu-
ally to some student selected by the Faculty.

The Sarah J. Houghton Scholarship of $6,000, founded
in 1889 by William S. Houghton, in memory of his wife.

The Edith Baker Memorial Scholarship of $7,000, founded
by bequest of Eleanor J. W. Baker in 1892,

The Joseph N. Fiske Memorial Scholarship of $8,000,
founded in 1892 by Mrs. J. N. Fiske.

The Abbie A. Coburn Memorial Scholarship of $2,000,
founded in 1892.

The Eliza C. jE\\rETT Scholarship of $6,000, founded in
1894; the income to be appropriated to the daughter of
a clergyman, or of a home or foreign missionary, selected
by the Faculty of the College.

The Ada L. Howard Scholarship of $6,000, founded in
1895.

The Helen Day Gould Scholarship, founded in 1896 by
Helen Miller Gould (Shepard), in memory of her mother;
raised to $10,000 by the donor in 1901.

The Goodwin Scholarship of $5,000, founded in 1897 by
Hannah B. Goodwin.

The Hyde Scholarship of $2,000, founded in i8q8 by Sarah
B. Hyde.

The Bill Scholarship of $7,000, founded in 1898 by Charles
Bill.

The Holbrook Scholarship of $3,000, founded in 1898 by

Sarah J. Holbrook.
The (second) Helen Day Gould Scholarship, founded in

1899 by Helen Miller Gould (Shepard); raised to $10,000

by the donor in 1901.
The Mary Elizabeth Gere Scholarship of $5,000, founded

in 1899 by Mary EHzabeth Gere.
The Ann Morton Towle Memorial Scholarship Fund

of $5,000, estabhshed in 1901 by bequest of George

Francis Towle.

162 Scholarships 1920-21

The Dana Scholarship of $5,000, founded in 1901 through
the gift of Charles B. Dana.

The (third) Helen Day Gould Scholarship of $10,000,
founded in 1901 by Helen Miller Gould (Shepard).

The George William Towle Memorial Scholarship
Fund of $6,750, founded in 1901 by bequest of George
Francis Towle,

The Anna Palen Scholarship of $10,000, founded in 1902.

The Rollins Scholarship of $8,000, founded in 1903 by
Augusta and Hannah H. Rollins, in memory of their
parents.

The Class of 1889 Memorial Scholarship of $1,000, founded
in 1904 by the class, in memory of classmates who have
died.

The Elizabeth S. Fiske Scholarship of $5,000, founded in
1904 by bequest of Miss Fiske.

The Mae McElwain Rice Memorial Scholarship of $1,000,
founded in 1905 by the class of 1902.

The Sanborn Alumnae Scholarship, founded in 1905 by
Helen J. Sanborn of the class of 1884 for the benefit of
daughters of alumnse: capitalized at $10,000 in 1919 by
bequest of Miss Sanborn.

The Julia Ball Thayer Scholarship of $2,000, founded
in 1907 by bequest of Mrs. Julia Beatrice Ball Thayer
of Keene, N.H.

The Adams Scholarship of $2,000, founded in 1907 by be-
quest of Adoniram J. Adams of Boston.

The McDonald-Ellis Fund of $500, estabHshed in 1908
by former students of the McDonald-Ellis School of
Washington, D.C., in memory of the late principals of
the school.

The Ransom Scholarship of $1,000, founded in 1908 by
bequest of Catherine Ayer Ransom.

The Emily P. Hidden Scholarship of $2,000, founded in
1909 by bequest of Mary E. Hidden.

The Ethel Howland Folger Williams Memorial Fund,
established in 191 1 from the estate of the late Ethel How-
land Folger Williams of the class of 1905, the income
to be given to a sophomore at the end of the first semester
at the discretion of the head of the German department.

1920-21 SCHOL.A.RSHIPS 163

The Sophie Jewtett Memorial Scholarship of $i,ooo,
founded in 191 1 by Elsa D. James.

The Mildred Keim Fund of $10,000, founded in 191 2 by
Newton and Frances S. Keim, in memory of their daugh-
ter, Mildred Keim.

The Connecticut Scholarship of $5,000, founded in 1912
by the will of Louise Frisbie.

The Anna S. New^lan Memorial Scholarship of $1,000,
estabhshed in 1913 through the gift of former students.

The Mary G. Hillman Mathematical (Prize) Scholarship
of Si,ooo, established in 1913 by Elizabeth A. Hillman, in
memory of her sister.

The Class or 1893 Memorial Scholarship of $5,000, es-
tablished by the class in 19 13.

The M. Elizabeth Gray Scholarship of $10,000, estab-
lished in 1914 by bequest of William J, Gray.

The Cora Stickney Harper Scholarship of $2,000, estab-
lished in 191 5 by bequest of Mrs. Cora Stickney Harper.

The Oliver N., Mary C, and Mary Shannon Scholarship
Fund of $15,000, estabhshed in 1916 by bequest of Mary
Shannon, as a permanent fund for free scholarships.

The Dr. Alma Emerson Beale Scholarship Fund of $3,000,
founded in 191 7 by bequest of Dr. Alma E. Beale of the
class of 1891; the income to be appHed annually to a
student of the College who intends to become either a
foreign or a home missionary, or, second, to a student
of the College who is the daughter of a clergyman.

The Stimson Mathematical Scholarship of $100 annually,
founded in 191 9 by Candace C. Stimson in memory of
her father, Dr. Lewis A. Stimson.

The Marie Louise Tuck Scholarship Fund of $9,500, founded
in 1 91 9 by bequest of AHce C. Tuck.

The Class oe 1884 Memorial Scholarship, founded by the
Class in 191 9 (accumulating).

The Charles B. Botseord Scholarship Fund of $5,000,
founded in 1920 by bequest of Lucy A. Botsford.

The Katharine Knapp Scholarship of $5,000, founded in
1920 by bequest of Miss Knapp.

These scholarships are in general not competitive. They are
awarded in recognition of genuine pecuniary need and of satis-

164 Scholarships 1920-21

factory character, college citizenship, health, and intellectual
and practical ability as tested by a year or more of life and study
at Wellesley. The foundations are of varying amounts, and
the income is apportioned according to need and merit as justly
as possible. No scholarship yields the full amount required
for both tuition and residence on the ordinary plan.

Students who are looking forward to a course at Wellesley
but are anxious about ways and means are advised to secure
money from friends, or from persons of means apart from the
College, for maintenance during the first year or two. Although
there is no provision for scholarship aid during the freshman
year, any school principal or teacher having in view a candidate,
thoroughly prepared for the College and desirable in every
respect, yet unable to enter on account of lack of means after
every effort to secure funds has been made, is advised to let
the case be known to the Administration of the College, since it
is often possible to make some suggestion which proves to be of
advantage.

A co-operative house is open to self-helping students but is
not of sufficient capacity to provide for freshman applicants as
well. A system of student waitresses is also in operation, and
freshmen can often avail themselves of the opportunity of self-
help thus afforded. A descriptive circular will be mailed on
application.

The Christian Association of the College is actively engaged
in bringing students into connection with work to be done for
compensation within the College and in the neighborhood, but
such employment, since it makes a distinct draft upon strength
and time, is hardly to be advised for the freshman year.

Another source of pecuniary aid is in the work of the
Students' Aid Society established by the founders of Welles-
ley and revived and incorporated by the alumnae of
the College in April, 1916. The Wellesley College Loan
Fund, estabHshed in 1908 through contributions from alum-
nae and other friends of the College, is included in the re-
sources of the Students' Aid Society. Small amounts are
loaned to students without interest in expectation that these
students will repay whenever they are able. Assistance is
often given partly in gifts and partly in loans. The existing
funds are not sufficient to meet the wants of deserving ap-
plicants, and contributions of any amount will be gladly

1920-21 Equipment , 165

received by the treasurer, Miss Mary Caswell, Wellesley
College.

FOUNDERS HALL

Founders Hall, a building for lecture rooms and department
offices pertaining to instruction in the Liberal Arts, was opened
for use in September, 1919. The hall was built from the Res-
toration Fund, secured for the College through trustees,
faculty, alumnse, and other friends, and replaces in some part
College Hall, the first and main building of the College, de-
stroyed by fire, March 17, 19 14. The building is dedicated as
a memorial to the Founders of the College, Henry Fowde Durant
and his wiie, Pauline Adeline Durant.

Founders Hall is the first achieved member of a group of
academic buildings designed by Messrs. Day and Klauder of
Philadelphia, and to be completed as soon as funds allow.

LIBRARY

The Library of the College, endowed by Eben Norton
Horsford, now numbers 91,338 bound volumes, including the
departmental and special Hbraries enumerated below. The
General Library is open on week days from 8.10 a. m. to 9.30
p. M., and on Sundays from 2.30 to 5.30 p. m. Students have
direct access to the shelves. The library is catalogued by
author and subject entries, and the most recent and useful
bibliographical aids are provided; special effort is made by
the librarians to train students in methods of research.

The Library subscribes for seven daily papers and for three
hundred and seventy American and foreign periodicals. The hst
includes the most important representatives of the branches of
instruction comprised in the college curriculum.

The Gertrude Memorial Library, estabhshed by Mr.
A. A. Sweet, the Missionary Library, and other collections
in the General Library, furnish 7,985 volumes for Biblical
study and rehgious reading.

The Plimpton Library, established by Mr. George A.
Plimpton, in memory of his wdfe, Frances Pearsons Plimpton,

166 Equipment 1920-21

of the class of 1884, comprises 940 volumes of early Italian
literature, including both manuscripts and printed books of
the fifteenth century.

The following collections are placed in the buildings of the
respective departments: —

Art Library, 2,728 volumes.
Botany Library, 932 volumes.
Chemistry Library, 852 volumes.
Astronomy Library, 1,139 volumes.
Hygiene Library, 2,701 volumes.
Music Library, 1,200 volumes.

GYMNASIUM )

The department of Hygiene occupies Mary Hemenway
Hall on the western border of the college grounds. It is
designed to meet the requirements of the course for the
training of teachers of hygiene, and to provide practical in-
struction for the entire College. The equipment includes
large, well-hghted gymnasiums with ample bathing faciUties,
administrative ofiices, class rooms, and laboratories for anat-
omy, physiology, bacteriology, hygiene, anthropometry, cor-
rective gymnastics, and research. The department hbrary
contains 2,701 volumes, a collection of valuable pamphlets, and
regularly receives fifteen journals dealing with matters related
to hygiene. Immediately adjoining Mary Hemenway Hall
are tennis and archery courts, basket ball, baseball, volley
ball, and hockey fields, an oval for horse back riding and a
riding hall, with room for further expansion. Lake Waban
furnishes facihties for rowing and skating, and there is also a
golf course with a clubhouse. The equipment of the depart-
ment is designed solely to aid in the application of modern
principles of science to the maintenance and promotion of
health.

THE FARNSWORTH ART BUILDING
AND ART COLLECTIONS

The Farnsworth Art Building, the gift of the late Isaac D.
Farnsworth, was opened in September, 1889. Besides lecture
rooms, galleries for collections, and studios for drawing and

1920-21 Equipment 167

painting, a special feature is the arrangement of laboratories
and libraries, so that the books and art material relating to
particular subjects and periods can be made immediately
available to general students.

The Art Collection consists of a large number of photo-
graphs and other material, including the James Jackson Jarves
collection of laces and vestments; the M. Day Kimball Me-
morial, consisting of original pieces of antique sculpture; a few
examples of early Italian painting; a collection of Indian
baskets, the gift 'of Mrs. Rufus S. Frost; various Egyptian
antiquities obtained through the kindness of the late Mrs.
John C. Whitin, including certain interesting papyri; and
scarabs and seals from the collection of Dr. Chauncey Murch,
the gift of Mrs. Helen M. Gould Shepard; two Renaissance
sculptured columns, the gift of Mr. WilKam C. Safiord; the
Stetson collection of modern paintings, and a few other examples.

The collection of photographs and other reproductions
numbers over fourteen thousand.

EQUIPMENT IN MUSIC

Music Hall and Billings Hall are large brick buildings,
devoted to the department of Music. Music Hall con-
tains offices, studios, and practice rooms equipped with
thhty-seven new pianos of standard makes, a victrola and
three player-pianos; also a large room, containing a_ two-
manual pipe organ for the use of the organ pupils. Billmgs
Hall, opened in 1904, contains the office of the Professor of
Music, the library and class rooms for instruction in Musical
Theory; also a concert room, seating four hundred and ten
people, and containing the Grover organ,— a large three-manual
organ, rebuilt and modernized.

The Music Library includes a collection of manuscripts,
about two hundred scores (Symphony, Opera, Oratorio, and
Cantata), two hundred songs, three hundred piano arrange-
ments (two, four, and eight hands), besides seven hundred and
fifty reference books on musical subjects. The department
owns one hundred records for the \ictrola and three hundred
records for the player-pianos.

168 Equipment 1920-21

LABORATORIES AND SCIENTIFIC
COLLECTIONS

ASTRONOMY

The Whitin Observatory is a one-story building of white
marble, situated on a small hill on the college grounds, and
devoted entirely to the use of the department of Astronomy.
It contains two rooms surmounted by rotating domes, twenty-
five feet and twelve and one-half feet in diameter respectively;
two transit rooms; a spectroscopic laboratory; a large, well-
lighted room for elementary laboratory work; and another large
room in which is kept the department library. In the larger
dome room is mounted a twelve-inch Clark equatorial refract-
ing telescope, which is provided with a filar micrometer, a polar-
izing photometer, and a sLx-prism spectroscope. The twenty-
five foot dome is rotated by an electric motor. The smaller
dome contains a sLx-inch Clark equatorial refractor. There are
two transit instruments, the larger a Bamberg prismatic transit
of three inches aperture. A four-inch telescope with objective
by Browning is mounted in a south wall of the building, with
the eye end inside and the optic axis parallel to the axis of the
Earth; a plane mirror beneath the objective reflects into the
latter the Hght of the object observed. In the spectroscopic
laboratory is a Rowland concave grating spectroscope of six
feet focal length.

The Observatory is supphed with two Howard sidereal clocks,
a Bond mean-time chronometer, and two chronographs, any of
which may be connected electrically through a switchboard
with keys near the various telescopes; a Berger surveyor's tran-
sit; an Evershed protuberance spectroscope; a Gaertner com-
parator for measuring spectrograms; a projecting lantern and
about 400 astronomical lantern slides; and a large collection of
illustrative apparatus and photographs.

The Observatory House, the residence of the Observatory
staff, is near by. Both the Observatory and the house, and also
the greater part of the astronomical equipment, are the gift of
the late Mrs. John C. Whitin.

BOTANY

The department of Botany has well-equipped laboratories
and a range of greenhouses.

1920-21 Equipment 169

The illustrative collections comprise an herbarium of over
twenty thousand phanerogams and twenty-one thousand
cr}^togams, including the lichen collection of the late Prof.
Clara E. Cummings; also a collection of woods, fruits, and
economic vegetable products; three hundred charts by Hens-
low, Kny, Dodel, Tschirch, and others; a collection of Auzoux's
botanical models; Brendel's glass models of cryptogams;
seventeen hundred water color paintings of North American
plants by Helen Frances Ayres; lantern sUdes and micro-
scopic mounts. In addition collections for a permanent
museum nov/ number more than five thousand specimens.

The department has an "Outdoor Laboratory" for the use
of certain courses. The greenhouses contribute to all the
courses in the department; but are of especial importance
in connection with the work in landscape gardening, in plant
physiology and ecology.

The native flora about Wellesley is easily accessible, furnish-
ing a convenient field for both the taxonomist and ecologist.
The library ranks with the best botanical libraries in the coun-
try and is well suppUed with reference works and with current
periodicals.

CHEMISTRY

The department of Chemistry occupies a separate build-
ing, which contains two lecture rooms and the chemical li-
brary, in addition to the rooms fitted up for laboratory work.
Separate rooms are provided for work in General Chemistry,
Organic Chemistry, Quahtative and Quantitative Analysis, and
Food Analysis. The building is conveniently arranged and
well equipped with necessary apparatus and appHances.

During the summer of 1918, a large well-lighted room, with
all-modern laboratory equipment, was added for the use of the
courses in Organic Chemistry.

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY

The department of Geology and Geography has a large
and well-equipped lecture hall provided with a Leitz epidia-
scope for lantern sUde and opaque projection, a good sized
class room, and two laboratories furnished with students' desks,
one for the use of Geography classes, the other for work in
Geology.

170 Equipment 1920-21

The Geology Museum contains a typical college collection
of dynamical, structural, and historical geology specimens,—
a systematic collection of minerals arranged according to
Dana, and a systematic collection of rocks. There are three
collections arranged for class-room use, — one each in miner-
alogy, petrology and structural and historical geology. These
collections are all the generous gifts of colleges, museums,
and friends. The department has two noteworthy collec-
tions. The first is the Horace I. Johnson Mineral Collection,
which consists of five thousand valuable and beautiful mineral
specimens, including many precious metals and stones. This
collection is the gift of Mr. John Merton of Calumet, Michigan,
and was presented through the Class of 191 5 by the courtesy
of Miss M. Helen Merton. The second is the Reverend
David F. Pierce Collection, which includes a complete and
rare collection of building and ornamental stones and many
precious and semi-precious minerals. This collection is the
gift of Professor Frederick E. Pierce of Yale, Miss Anna H.
Pierce, and Miss Mary E. Pierce of the Class of 1898.

The maps of the department include wall maps of different
countries and sections of countries; all the United States
Geologic FoUos, and ten thousand topographic maps of the
United States Geologic Survey. Six thousand of^ these latter
maps are arranged in groups to illustrate geographic types.

The department has four thousand lantern sUdes which
illustrate all phases of geology and geography.

MATHEMATICS

The fine collection of Mathematical Models was destroyed
by fire in March, 19 14. At present there is only a small num-
ber of models for use in the elementary work.

PHYSICS

The department of Physics occupies temporary quarters
consisting of two conveniently arranged lecture rooms, fitted
with direct and alternatmg current and gas, and laboratories
for general physics, electricity and heat, and light.

The equipment, destroyed by fire in March, 1914, is being
replaced as rapidly as funds permit. The lecture apparatus
is sufiicient to permit a wide range of experimental lectures.

1920-21 EQxnPMENT 171

In the elementary laboratory duplication of apparatus permits
a close co-ordination between lectures and laboratory exercises.
The advanced laboratory equipment is especially strong in
electrical and optical apparatus.

PSYCHOLOGY

The laboratory is housed in ten rooms, eight in the south
wing of the Administration Building, and two in Founders
Hall. Of the latter, one is a dark room and one is a quiet room
for sound experiments. The equipment, entirely destroyed
by fire in March, 19 14, is being replaced as fast as conditions
permit or as need arises. It is now quite adequate for dem-
onstration, for general experimental work, and for many lines
of research.

ZOOLOGY

The department of Zoology is housed in a temporary building,
to which, in the summer of 1919, a large wing was added. This
building contains laboratories for the elementary course in
Zoology, for Histology and Embryology and for Physiology.
Two courses in Anatomy are conducted in the laboratories in
Mary Hemenway Hall.

The equipment lost in the fire of March, 19 14, is being re-
placed as rapidly as conditions permit. The fundamental needs
of the various courses have been met, and the physiology lab-
oratory in the new wing is fully equipped with modern appa-
ratus.

The nucleus of a new museum has been formed, and addi-
tions are being made as fast as funds and the lack of adequate
fire-proof space allow. A new collection of New England bhds,
and a valuable collection of shells, the gift of Mrs. Rebecca S.
Beaman, of Cambridge, are housed this year in a basement
room of the library.

FORMS OF BEQUEST

I give and bequeath to Wellesley College, a corporation estab-
lished by law, ifi the town of Wellesley, county of Norfolk, and

Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the sum of

dollars, to be safely invested by it, ajid called the Endow-
ment Fund. The rnterest shall be applied to the payment of
the salaries of teachers in Wellesley College, as the Trustees shall
deem expedient.

I give and bequeath to Wellesley College, a corporation estab-
lished by law, in the town of Wellesley, county of Norfolk, and

Commonwealth of Massachiisefts, the sum of

dollars, to be appropriated by the Trustees for the benefit of the
College in such ?nanner as they shall think will be most useful.

I give and bequeath to Wellesley College, a corporation estab-
lished by law, in the town of Wellesley, county of Norfolk, and

Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the sum of

dollars, to be safely invested by it, arid called the Scholar-
ship Fund. T!.e interest of this fund shall be applied to aid
deserving students in Wellesley College.

DEGREES CONFERRED IN 1920
MASTER OF ARTS

Gabrielle Felicite Marthe GurLLAUME (B.A., Grinnell College, 1919), English Literature;
Latin.

Grace Wandell Nelson (B.A., Wellesley College. 1917), Greek Archeology and Literature.

Eleanor Butler Newton (B.A., Wellesley College, 1917), Chemistry.

Edith Owen Wallace (B.A., New York ^State College for Teachers, 1917), English Lit-
erature.

BACHELOR OF ARTS

Doris Christine .Adams

Katharine Adams

Margaret Leighton Alcock

Margaret Ellen Alder

Nellie Barntngham Alexander

E\TMA Anderson

Mary Aline Atkinson

Olive Atterbury

Dorothy Wentworth Atwell

Mary Lell.ah Austin

Edith Averill

Helen Adams Babbitt

Ruby Edna Bacon

Anna ISIedora Baetjer

Ruth Baetjer

Gladys Leonae Bagg

Helen Livingston B .alley

R\RRiET Carlisle B.aker

Josephine Dorothy Baker

Adelaide Ballinger

Edith Stone Bancroft

Lucia Pierce Barber

Mab Norton Barber

Helen Covington Barnard

Mary Catherine Barnett

Mavis Clare Barnett

Ellen Elizabeth Barrett

Marion Bastedo

Mildred Alma Batchelder

JeANNETTE LAilBERT BeALL

Edith Dorothy Bell

Virginla Ridley B err yuan

Anna French Bigelow

Marjory McKee Billow

Dorothy Powell Black

Elizabeth Blake

Marion Irene Blanchard

Gladys Louise Bode

Ruth Ault Bolglano

Mary Louise Boomer

Margery Borg

Edna Helen Bowen

Harriet Virginia Bradley

Gladys Mae Brainerd

Helen Georgine Welfobo) Brecher

Olive Barton Bremner

Eleanor Waters Brooks

Frances Estelle Brooks

Mary Atwater Brooks

Lydia Margaret Brown

Camilla Elizabeth Bryan

Elizabeth deforest Bull

Helen Elizabeth Burgner
Mildred Wheeler Burnett
Constance Olds Burnham
Pauline Louise Burnham
Marjorie Burtis
Mabelle Sherilan Busteed
Marjorie Butterfield
Dorothy Wilcox Calvert
B rend A Perot Cameron
Emlly Ingersoll Case
Mary Alois e Cashman
Elzura Harris Chandler
LoLHSE Gibson Chase
Eleanor Cook Clark
Josephine Phyllis Clark
Beatrice Adaline Clephane
Theresa Veronica Coleman
KA.THRYN Collins
Dorothy Compton
Bernice Eleanor Conant
Jessie Marjorie Cook
Marjory Bertha Cook
Cora Louise Cooke
IVlARGARET Howard Cooke
Edna Florence Corney
Elizabeth Horsey Cox
Gertrutje Howe Cramton
Sar.a Andrews Curtis
Katharine Adelaide Cutler
Hazel Milliken Dalton
Ele-anor Baxster Davidson
Gertrude Carolyn Davidson
Ethel Ann Davis
LucLA Eaton Dearborn
Frances Gorham Dennett
Mary :\L\rjorie DeVenne
Roberta Dey

Christine Elizabeth Dickson
Dorothea Douglass
Ruth Ellen Dow
Harriet King Doyle
Henrietta Arey Driscoll
Dorothy Cartwright Dunlap
Kathryn Mildred Ebberts
Emily Strong Edwards
Dorothy Therese Ellin
Katherine Elizabeth Elsing
Ruth Engles
Mary Elmyra Evens
Laura Ewe

GWENLLYAN MaRY EyNON

Ruth Farnhau

174

Degrees Conferred

1920-21

Kathryn Royal Farsar
Edith Ferre

Hannah Bartlett Fisher
Marion Flagg
Jane Skidmore Fleet
Mildred Floyd

Kathleen Elizabeth Freeman
Estelle Gallup Frink
Muriel Estelle Fritz
Margaret Alexandria Funk
Frances Edwards Galpin
Marion Grosvenor Gaston
Margaret Haeseler Gay
Miriam Goodspeed
Catherine Sweetser Gordon
Harriet Phoebe Gordon
Margaret Gr.'VY
Helen Margaretta Greeley
Elizabeth Missimer Green
Ruth Carlotta Greene
Constance Hall Gregory
Margaret Teague Hagler
Gladys Hale
Dorothy Elizabeth Hall
Jeanne Burnett Halsted
Margaret Louise Hamm
DoRRis Aline Harrison
Mildred Bartlett IUrrison
Grace Hartman
Charlotte Sellers Hassett
Loretta Margaret Hassett
Madeline Potter Hathaway
Ruth Elliott Hav.^kins
Kai-harine Heath
Mary Virginia Heiston
Mary Truesdell Hering
Marion Frances Hersey
Katharine Churchill Hildreth
Marie Stewart Hill
Emily Tyler Holmes
Florence Cooper Hope
Margaret Hornbrook
Jessie Elinor Horne
Louisa Howard
Flora Louise Hubner
MiRL\M Lees FIuget
Catherine Hughes
Helen Humphrey
Margaret Hunter
Mary Fredna Jackson
Helen Blanche Jacobs
Eleanor Brooks Jenckes
Louise Jenckes
Anna Wharton Johnson
Annice Kay Johnson
Margorft Johnson
Ruth Eliza Johnson
Ethel Holt Jones
Gladys Terry Jones
Margaret Penfield Jones
Rachel Conrad Jones
Josephine Junkin
Mabel Cook Kase
Gwendoline Elizabeth Keene
Hortense Castlio Keithly
Sertha Russell Kelley
IFlorence Brown Kellogg
Julia Adams Kellogg
Emily Kent
Bernice Lesbia Kenyon

Alison Mason Kingsbury
Elizabeth Raynolds Kingsley
Frances Garnar Kinnear
Ethel Kinney
I Margaret Elizabeth Kinkier
Florence Lauer Kite
Viola Beatrice Kneeland
Helena Mitchell Knight
Jessie Eleanor Knorr
Helene Kornfeld
Eva Margaret Kreiser
Leona Clara Kurth
Agnes Priscilla Lawyer
Alice Louise LeFevre
Sophl\ Leventhal
Netta Levi
Dorothy LE\\^s
Minnie Ruth Liberman
Della Elizabeth Liggett
Dorothy Colville Lindsay
Katharine Lindsay
Eleanor Linton
Mabelle Pishon Little
Eleanor Livingston
Bertha Cecelia London
Dorothy Deshler Lovatt
Ruth Loveland
Edith Elizabeth Lowry
Elisabeth Louise Lustig
Gertrude Rose Lutke
Ragni Angell Lysholm
Ruth Elizabeth McClive
Rachel McCormick
Alice Miller MacCornack
Mary Elizabeth McCoy
Mary Shiras McCullough
Helen Marie McDonald
Marion Fenwick Macduef
Sarah Graham McLeod
Agnes Stuart McLouth
Margaret Beatrice MacNaughten
Margaret Main
Elizabeth Kerry Manchester
Helen Sawyer Marr
Janet Caroline Marshuetz
Maxine Mayer
Phoebe Gertrude Mayo
Dorothea Augusta Mepham
Helen Burnet Mertz
Josephine Williams Middleton
Margaret Miller
Catherine Lyman Mills
Bertha Anna Mittenm.\ier
Elizabeth Catherine Mock
Esther Frances Moody
Claire Morris
Ethel Glenn Morris
Ethelyn Ernestine Morse
Marjorie Moses
Margaret Augusta Murphey
Lois Carl Nash
Ruth Webster Nash
Evelyn Nellie Neiman
Margaret Wayland Nettleship
Martha Josephine Newbro
Marion Louise Ober
Cecille ICatherrine Ogren
Harriet Helen Ogsbury
Florence Moran Orndorff
Margaret Owen

1920-21

Degrees Cokferred

175

Doras Catherine Palmer
Helen Marion Palmer
Mary Eunice Parmenter
Frances Parsons
Dorothy Partridge
Louise Mary Paul
Caroline Elizabeth Peale
Dorothy Carita Peck
Dorothy Elizabeth Peck
Marjorie Linder Perkins
Pauline Perkins
Emily Gladys Peterson
Bertha Katrina Pilgard
Ruby Annetta Ponsford
Marion Porter
Elizabeth Lillian Powers
RA.CHEL May Pratt
Ruth Punshon
Rachel Harris Rathbun
Eleanor Houston Ray
Dorothy Margaret Read
Marion Theresa Reckford
Doris Margaret Reed
Marthe Herminie Regnault
Margaret Elizabeth Reinhart
Isamay Turnbull Richardson
Martha Hubbard Richardson
Martha Elizabeth Robbins
Evelyn Robinson
Ruth Deborah Roche
Marl^^n Dorothy Rundle
Alice Rut?p
Anna Alison Russell
Jean Edwina Russell
Phyllis Wilson S.\dler
Jane S.^tford

Margaret Huston St. Clair
Harriet Gordon S.\mpson
Jane Lee S.antmyer
Sidney Estelle Sayre
Vivian Alberta Sc.adden
Ethel Emily Sceaeffer
Helen Hastings Scott
Katharine Bishop Scott
Helen Gertrude Senseny
Eleanor Sharp
Helen Gertrude Shaw
Margaret Sumner Shedd
Florence Josephine Sheeler
Mildred Shepard
Frances Dorothy Shoff
Mary Deane Shuman
Hildegarde Bussier Shumway
Marjorie Clark Shurtleff

Eleanor Skerry

Helen Parker Smith

Olga Leora Snyder

Ell?abeth Fillebrown Spaulding

Muriel Starret

Louise Steefel

Mary Elisabeth Stevens

Mary Winona Stevens

Margaret Munroe Stevenson

Annie Maude Stewart

Catharine Louise Stillwell

Helen Strain

Sara Louise Strauss

Marian Agnes Stuart

Erni Stulz

Fr.\nces Mildred Sullivan

Florence Tucker Swan

Helen Elizabeth Swartz

Elinor Taylor

Katharine Taylor

Genevieve Maut) Thomas

Helen Jane Thomas

Mary Dorothea Thomas

Anna Catharine Thun

Marjorie Carolyn Tinkham

Bernice Arvilla Tirrell

Elizabeth Torrence Tone

Mary Frances Trunkey

GR.A.CE Johnston Twyman

Sibyl Wachter

Myrilla Walcutt

Margaret Elizabeth Waldron

Winnifred Washburn

Maida Watkins

Edith Dana Weigle

Frances Ford Weimer

Fanchon Regina Weitzenkorn

Cynthia Westcott

Margaret Langley Wiedenbach

Elizabeth Austin Wight

Edith Marjorie Wilkey

Edith Williams

Gertrude Williams

Marion Adalin-e Williams

Carolyn Willyoung

Barbara Freelove Wilson

Genevieve Penfield Wilson

Florence Winner

Alta Grace Winspear

Lydia Ruth Wish art

Charlotte Amelia Wood

Virginia Allison Wyant

Louise Frances Young

CERTIFICATES IN HYGIENE AWARDED IN 1920

Ruth Harriett Atwell,

Ph.B., Denison University
Abby Snow B eld en,

B.A., Smith College
Katharine Bradley,

B.A., Smith College
Margaret Bram.\n Dewey,

B.A., Smith College
Amy Phillips Gilbert,

B.A., Wellesley College
Myrtle Viola Jordan,

B.A., WTieaton College

Katharine Robb R\wles,

B.A., Indiana University
Grace Muriel Rockwood,

B.A., Wheaton College
Mary Effie Shambaugh,

B.A., University of Chicago
Elizabeth Ward Stephens,

ScB., Bucknell University
Henrietta Str-\ngfeld,

B. A., Ohio Wesleyan University
Katharine Webster,

B.A.. Smith College

176

Honor Scholarships

1920-21

HONOR SCHOLARSHIPS

Honor Scholarships (without stipend) have been estab-
lished by the College for the purpose of giving recognition
to a high degree of excellence in academic work. These
honors fall into two classes: students in the first, or higher
class, are termed Durant Scholars; students in the second
class are termed Wellesley College Scholars.

These honors are awarded to seniors on the basis of two
and one-half years' work, to juniors on the basis of one and
one-half years' work. The standard in each case is absolute,
not competitive.

DURANT SCHOLARS

APPOINTED IN 1920

Josephine Carter Abbott, '21
Mary Lellah Austin, '20
Mab Norton Barber, '20
Mavis Clare Barnett, '20
Babette Minnie Becker, '21
Anna French Bigelow, '20
Dorothy Powell Black, '20
Margery Borg, '20
Eleanor Stuart Burch, '21
Brenda Perot Cameron, '20
Edith Carroll, '21
Eleanor Marshall Case, '21
Elzura Harris Chandler, '20
Eleanor Cook Clark, '20
Vivian Dunbar Collins, '21
Jessie Marjorie Cook, '20
Elizabeth Horsey Cox, '20
Lucia Eaton Dearborn, '20
Mary Munger Dudley, '21
Mary Elmyra Evens, '20
Margaret Beam Freeman, '21
Mary Virginia French, '21
Katharine Haynes Gatch, '21
Margaret Haeseler Gay, '20
Ruth Carlotta Greene, '20
Margaret Williams Haddock, '2
Ada Heilner Haeseler, '21
Mildred Bartlett Harrison, '20
Alida Wilhelmina Herling, '21
Katharine Churchill Hildreth,
Shirley Louise Himes, '21
Elizabeth Warner Hubbard, '21
Flora Louise Hubner, '20
Catherine Hughes, '20
Marguerite Helen Jackson, '21
Margaret Stella Jacoby, '21
Annice Kay Johnson, '20
Rachel Conrad Jones, '20
Bernice Lesbia Kenyon, '20
Alison Mason Kingsbury, '20
Florence Lauer Kite, '20
Netta Levi, '20

Katharine Lindsay, '20
Clara Olds Loveland, '21
Jeannette Louise Luther, '21
Gertrude Rose Lutke, '20
Alice McCullough, '21
Mary Shiras McCullough, '20
Helen Annette McKearin, '21
Sarah Graham McLeod, '20
Mildred Vannoie Masters, '21
Hope Mathewson, '21
Edith Rittenhouse Mayne, '21
Adela Merrell, '21
Ethel Glen Morris, '20
Helen Marion Palmer, '20
Emily Gladys Peterson, '20
Elizabeth Prentiss R'\nd, '21
Louise Davis Reynolds, '21
Phebe Ann Richmond, '21
Mary Elizabeth Ritchey, '21
Anna Alison Russell, '20
Eleanor Saneord, '21
Elizabeth Knight Sayre, '21
Helen Hastings Scott, '20

K-ATHARINE BiSHOP ScOTT, '2O

Hildegarde Bussier Shumway,
Helen Parker Smith, '20
Elinor Bruce Snow, '21
Esther Reese Stevens, '21
Annie Maude Stewart, '20
Marian Agnes Stuart, '20
Florence Tucker Swan, '20
Katharine Slocum Temple, '21
Virginia Macqueen Travell, '2
Frances May Turrentine, '21
Myrilla Walcutt, '20
Cynthia Westcott, '20
Margaret Anna White, '21
Evelyn Prescott Wiggin, '21
Edith Williams, '20
Esther Wolcott, '21
Sze Tsong Yuan, '21

1920-21

Honor Scholarships

177

WELLESLEY COLLEGE SCHOLARS

APPOINTED IN 1920

Doris Christine Adams, '20
Dorothy Wentworth Atwell, '20
Ruth Baetjer, '20
Gladys Leonae Bagg, '20
Josephine Dorothy Baker, '20
Lucia Pierce Barber, '20
Edith Dorothy Bell, '20
ViRGiNLA. Ridley Berryman, '20
Edith Bdcby, '21
Edna Helen Bowen, '20
Frances Estelle Brooks, '20
Lydia Margaret Brown, '20
Henrietta Browning. '21
Elizabeth deForest Bull, '20
Constance Olds Burvham, '20
Marjorie Butterpield, '20
Dorothy Wilcox Calvert, '20
Bernice Eleanor Conant, '20
Elizabeth Fairs roth er Cornell, '21
Mary Virginia Crane, '21
Gertrude Carolyn Da\tdson, '20
Ethel Ann DA\as, '20
Amelia Jocelyn DeWolf, '21
Mary Catharine Dooly, '21
K.\thryn Mildred Ebberts, '20
Ruth Engles, '20
Laura Ewe, '20
Edith Ferre, '20
Muriel Estelle Fritz, '20
Helen Alma Gary, '21
Miriam Goodspeed, '20
Harriet Phoebe Gordon, '20
Margaret Gray, '20
Mary Orrea Gray, '21
Elizabeth Missimer Green, '20
Dorothy Elizabeth Hall, '20
Ruth Hampson, '21
Charlotte Sellers Hassett, '20
Mildred Clara Hesse, '21
Rebecca Stoughton Hill, '21

Florence Wood Holmes, '21

Margaret Hornbrook, '20

Gladys Terry Jones, '20

Ethel Kinney, '20

Viola Beatrice Kneelant), '20

Edna Browning Lipping ott, '21

Marion Lockwood, '21

Helen Grace McM\hon, '21

Maxine Mayer, '20

Lois Meier, '21

Marian Huddleston Miller, '21

Esther Frances Moody, '20

Anna Hooker Morse, '21

Mary Virginl\ Oldham, '21

Florence Moran Orndorff, '20

Nancy Pearl Oxnard, '21

Helen Darling Parker, '21

Helen Lucille Phillips, '21

Rachel May Pratt, '20

Josephine Langworthy Rathbone, '2

Margaret Elizabeth Reinhart, '20

Helen Barrett Robertson, '21

Alice Rupp, '20

Harriet Gordon Sampson, '20

Jane Shields Sams, '21

Helen Gertrltde Shaw, '20

Elizabeth Gordon Shedd, '21

Marion Calvert Smith, '21

Olive Snow, '21

Helen Grover Stone, '21

Katherine Mildred Strasmer, '21

Nana Anne Taylor, '21

Genevieve Maud Thomas, '20

Mary Dorothea Thomas, '20

Sibyl Wachter. '20

Edith Dana Weigle, '20

Constance Whittemore, '21

Elizabeth Austin Wight, '20

Genevieve Penfield Wilson, '20

Nathalie Lois Wilson, '21

SUMMARY OF STUDENTS

Resident candidates for the M.A. degree

Resident candidates for the Certificate in Hygiene .

Candidates for the B.A. degree: —

Seniors 308

Juniors 428

Sophomores 321

Freshmen 426

Unclassified 5

1,488

on-canaiaates lor aegrees .

Total registration, November, 1920

. . 4
. . 1,551

nited States: —

Alabama

New Jersey . . . .161

Arizona

New York .

. 236

Arkansas

North Carolina

California

Ohio

Colorado

Oklahoma

Connecticut .

. 65

Oregon .

Delaware

Pennsylvania

171

District of Columbia

Philippines .

Florida .

Rhode Island

Georgia

South Carolina

Hawaii

South Dakota

Idaho

Tennessee

Illinois

. 87

Texas .

Indiana

Utah .

Iowa

Vermont

Kansas

Virginia .

Kentucky

Washington

Louisiana

West Virginia

Maine .

. 37

Wisconsin

Maryland

Wyoming

Massachusetts

• 299

Canada

Michigan

• 34

China

Minnesota .

France

Mississippi .

Japan

Missouri

Norway

Montana

Serbia

Nebraska . .

Spain .

New Har

npshire .

. 24

OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNA ASSOCIATION
1920-1922

Mrs. Helen Knowles Bonnell (Mrs. H. H.), Presidrnt, ^, ., , , , . t^

III Moreland Ave., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.
Mrs. Helen Fobs Wood (Mrs. G. B.), Vice-President, 1830 Spruce St., PhUadelphia, Pa.
IiIrs. Ethel Doak Camp (Mrs. G. R.), Corresponding Secretary, ....,,. ^

513 South 45th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Mrs. Stella Wrenn Parsly (Mrs. E. G.), Director, 6426 Sherwood Rd., Overbrook, Pa.
Miss Jeannette Keim, Treasurer, Cynwyd, Pa.

Miss Laura M. Dwight, Alumna General Secretary and Secretary of the Graduate Council,

Wellesley, Mass.

LOCAL ASSOCIATIONS

In the following, an arrangement by states has been adopted. The name standing after
that of the club refers to the secretary-treasurer unless otherwise specified. In the address
of this officer, the name of the city (or town) and state are omitted if these have already
been expressly stated in the heading. Corrections or additions will be gratefully received.
Brackets indicate information not recent.

California.

Central, Elizabeth S. Adams, 1770 Pacific Ave., San Francisco.
Southern, Elizabeth Connor, 526 LaLoma Rd., Pasadena.

China.

Katherine Williams, Y. W. C. A., Peking.

COLOR.ADO. ^ , , ^ T^

State, Myra Camp Bostwick (Mrs. E. L.), 1045 Gaylord St., Denver.
Deliver, Jane Lennox Capen (Mrs. B. C), 2137 Gaylord St., Denver.
Southern, Emma Bixby Jordan (Mrs. A. H.), President, 1419 North Tejon St., Colorado
Springs.
Columbia, District of.

Edna Spaulding, 3021 Q St., N. W., Washington.

Connecticut.

Bridgeport, Elizabeth Carter, 480 Wood Ave.
Hartford, Dorothy Larrabee, 27 Summer St.
New Haven, Lillian C. Armstrong, 150 Edgehill Ave.

Hawah. ^ , ,

Juliette May Fraser, 1804 College St., Honolulu.

Illinois. , . ^ . „ ,

Chicago, Ruth Watson, 3832 North Keeler Ave., Irving Park.

Indiana.

Florence Venn, 1927 North Illinois St., Indianapolis.

bes Moines, Dorothy Deemer Houghton (Mrs. H. C), Red Oak.

Gertrude WiUcox Weakley (Mrs. Wm. R.), 14 Kawaguchi, Osaka.

Kentucky. _ ^ .

Edith Bain, 516 West 3d St., Lexington.

Eastern, Bemice B. Dunning, 156 Cedar St., Bangor. , , . ^ , ,
Western, Mabel Wood Little (Mrs. Albion), 473 Cumberland Ave., Portland.

Maryland.

Baltimore, Virginia Alcock, 2742 St. Paul St.

Massachusetts.

Berkshire, Grace Van Deusan Hall (Mrs. George), Great Barrmgton.

Boston, Elizabeth Smart Judkins (Mrs. J. B.),4 Newport Rd., Cambridge.

Fitchburg, Louise Stratton Vaughan (Mrs. Wm. R.), 16 Cherry St.

Haverhill, Lucasta Boynton, 140 Pleasant St., Bradford.

Lowell, Hannah E. Moors, 104 Moore St.

S E. Mass., Mae A. Perkins, 57 Berkeley St., Taunton.

Springfield, Lucy Besse Mitchell (Mrs. John), 90 Westminster St. »

Worcester, Marjory Boynton Rugg (Mrs. C. B.), 53 Institute Rd.

180 Alumna Association ' 1920-21

Michigan.

Detroit, Ruth Houghton, 130 Longfellow Ave.
Minnesota.

Minneapolis, Dorothy Stacy, 2307 Colfax Ave., S.

St. Paul, Elsa Chapin, Summit School.
Missouri.

Kansas City, Lucy A. Holmes, 4144 Warwick Blv'd.

S'^ Louis, Mrs. Marion Whitehouse Thomas, Buckingham Hotel.
Nebraska.

Omaha, Jeannette Mayer Armstein (Mrs. Herbert), 3810 Davenport St.
New Hampshire.

Anna Cross, Nashua.
New Mexico.

Lillian Spitz Bigler (Mrs. Earle), Box 125, Artesia.
New York.

Buffalo, Laura Barton, 118 Summit Ave.

Eastern N.Y., Cornelia Mills, 155 South Lake Ave., Albany.

Ithaca, AHce fVork Willcox (Mrs. Walter F.), 3 South Ave.

New York City, Muriel Windram Sichel (Mrs. Harold), 424 West 20th St.

Rochester, Marion Thing Sunderlin (Mrs. E. L.), 30 Faraday St.

Syracuse, Mary Lovelace, 738 South Crouse Ave.

Utica, Ruth Turner Mandeville (Mrs. E. W.), 831 Genesee St.
Ohio.

Jkron, Margaret S. Wright, 384 West Market St.

Cincinnati, Louise DomhoS, Hotel Gibson.

Cleveland, Frances Dunham, 2281 Tudor Drive.

Columbus, Hattie Weiler Lazarus (Mrs. Robt.), 43 Preston Rd., Bexley, R. F. D., Colum-
bus.

Toledo, Marie Schmidt, 719 Michigan St.

Youngstown, Frances Mason Lynn (Mrs. D. J.), 929 Belmont Ave.
Oregon.

Portland, Mary Atkinson Tracy (Mrs. R. S.), 715 Hancock St.
Pennsylvania.

Eastern Hill, Grace Richman McMath (Mrs. R. E.), President, 612 Prospect St.,
Bethlehem.

Northeastern, Mary James, 1744 Capouse Ave., Scranton.

Philadelphia, Constance Gill, 6427 Sherwood Rd., Overbrook.

Pittsburgh, Rachel Donovan, 1633 Shady Ave.

Southeastern, Lucy H. Ellmaker, 342 East Orange St., Lancaster.

Williamsport, Mary Brown Taggart (Mrs. H. W.), 317 Campbell St.
Rhode Island.

Providence, Celia Tourtellot, 15 Burnett St., Providence.
South Dakota.

Harriet Deane Tufts (Mrs. Arthur H.), Sioux Falls.
Tennessee.

Memphis, Mary V. Little, 576 Linden Ave.
Utah.

Salt Lake City, Dorothy Day, 2480 5th St.
Vermont.

State, Ellen Cramton, iii Park Ave., Rutland.
Virginia.

State, Helen Coale Worthington (Mrs. Hugh), Sweet Briar.
Washington.

Western, Anne Mobley Sutton (Mrs. W. H.), East Seattle.
Wisconsin.

Madison, Florence Hastings Stebbins (Mrs. B. W.), 1032 Sherman Ave.

Milwaukee, Ruth Strong, 619 Shepard St.

INDEX

Page

Academic Year .... s

Administration .... 19
Admission: —

Requirements for ... 24

To Advanced Standing . . 47

Examinations .... 42

To Freshman Class . . . 24

To Department 01 Music . 49, 133

To Department of Hvgieue 48, 49, loS

Of Graduate Students ... 48

Of Special Students ... 49

Alumna Association, Officers of 179

American Academy in Rome . 158

American School of Classical

Studies in Athens . . . 158

Anglo-Saxon 85

Archeology 50

Architecture 52, 53

Art 51

Art Collections .... 166

Asironomy 55

Bequest, Forms of . . . 172
Biblical History, Literature,

and Interpretation . . 57

Billings Hall .... 167

Board 153

Botany 59

Calendar 5

Certificates in Hygiene . . i75

Chemistry 66

Christian Association ... 23
College Entrance Examination

Board 42

Committees of Trustees . . 7

Committees of Faculty . . 22

Correspondence .... 2

Courses of Instruction . . 50

Dante Prize 117

Degrees: —

B.A., Requirements for . . 149

M. A., Requirements for . 152

Degrees Conferred in 1920 . 173

Economics 68

Education 73

English Composition ... 83

Engush Language ... 85

English Literature ... 76
Examinations: —

Admission 42

College 149

Expenses 152

Faculty 9

Farnsworth Art Building . . 166

Fees 154

Fellows iS

Fellowships 156

Page

Foundation and Purpose . . 23

Founders Hall . ... 165

French 86

Geology 90

German 94

Gothic 99

Graduate Instruction . . 152

Greek 99

Gymnasium 166

Harmony AND Musical Theory . 127

Health Provisions . . . 155

Hebrew 58, 59

History 102

Hygiene loS

Italian 117

Laboratories 168

Latin 119

Libraries 165

Logic 134

Marine Biological Laboratory

at Wood's Hole . . 158

Mathematics 123

Meteorology 140

Mineralogy 91

Music: —

Theory of 127

Instrument,;! and V^ocal . . 133

Equipment in .... 167

Music Hall 167

Observatory 168

Pedagogy 73

Philosophy .... 134, 136

Physics 139

Physiology . . . 114, 146, 147

Poutical Science .... 107
Psychology .... 134, 135

Reading and Speaking . . 141

Residence 155

Scholarships 156

With Stipend:—

For Graduates . . . . 158

For Undergraduates . . 159

Without Stipend . . . . 176

Scientific Collections . . 168

Sociology 68

Spanish 143

Special Students .... 49
Studio Lessons . . . . 51, S3

Students' Aid Society . . 164

Summary of Students . . . 178

Trustees, Board of . . . 6

Tuition 152

Vacations 5

Wellesley Clubs . . . . 179

Zoology 145

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