Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr. Friedrich Welwitsch in 1853-61

CATALOGUE

OF

WELWITSCH'S

AFRICAN PLANTS.

PART IV.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
AT LOS ANGELES

CATALOGUE

AFEICAN PLANTS

COLLECTED BY

DR. FRIEDRICH WELWITSCH

IN 1853-61.

DICOTYLEDONS, PART IV.

LENTIBULARIACEsE TO CERATOPHYLLE^E.

BY

WILLIAM PHILIP HIEEN, M.A., F.L.S.,

CORRE3P. MEM. R. ACAD. LI3B.

LONDON:
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AND AT THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.
1900.

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LONDON AND AYLE8BUB7.

Utricularia] ! rf U xc. LENTIBULARIACE^. ^ j^\ 785-

XC. LENTIBULARIACE^].

The members of this family produce but little effect on the
physiognomy of vegetation in Angola ; they, however, especially
Genlisea africana, adorn with their innumerable mostly purple
flowers the humid pastures of the Huilla highlands. Most of
the aquatic and even the amphibious species bear yellow flowers,
while the strictly terrestrial species are red, violet, purple, or
white. In the coast districts only two species are found, and
these belong to Utricularia. The terrestrial species begin to
appear about 3000 ft. above the sea-level in soils that are kept
moist even in the dry winter season by the presence of Algse ;
they become more frequent and abundant both in species and
individuals as the land rises in altitude, and they occur in the
largest number of forms and species from 4500 to 5500 ft. The
presence of the terrestrial species of Utricularia usually indicates
a rich productive soil ; and even where they grow on a sandy
soil, as occasionally happens in Huilla and about Pungo Andongo,
their appearance is mostly accompanied with some impregnation
of the land with fertilizing materials. Heavy rains are apt
completely to wash away the aquatic species, and many of the
species suddenly disappear after a few hot and dry days.

1. UTRICULARIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 987.

1. U. stellaris L. f. Suppl. PI. p. 86 (1781) ; Oliv. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. ix. p. 146 (12 Oct. 1865).

ICOLO E BENGO. — In the Lagoa da Funda on the left bank of the
river Bengo, in company with Castalia stellaris Salisb. and U. exoleta -T
fl. Sept. 1854. No. 268- In the extensive Lagoa de Quilunda, near
Prata, in company with (7. stellaris and C. mystica Salisb., Lemna, and
Pistia ; fl. end of Sept. 1854. No. 2686.

BARRA DO DANDE. — In the river Dande, the specimens probably
grown in Lagoas de Bumbo and washed down ; without fl. Nov. 1853.
No. 268c. An aquatic herb, floating by means of little bladders ;
rhizome ample ; flowers whitish violet or deep purple. In lakes on the
left bank of the river Lifune, not far from Banza de Libongo,
plentiful ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858, No. 268d.

2. U. reflexa Oliv., I.e., p. 146.

HUILLA. — Rhizomes densely crowded, covering broad tracts of a
small river ; flowers deep yellow or pale yellow ; corolla inside yellow
or pale yellow. In the river Quipumpunhime and most of the other
gently flowing streams in Sobato de Humpata, about 4800 ft. elevation,
very plentiful ; fl. April 1860. No. 269. Same place and date : in fr.
No. 2696.

3. U. tricrenata Baker ms. in Herb., sp. n.
U. sp. n. ?, aff. U. gibbce L., Oliv., I.e., p. 147.

Aquatic ; submerged leaves with capillary segments bearing
bladders; peduncle slender, naked, 1- or 2-flowered, 1 to 3 in.
long ; fruiting pedicels divaricate ; bracts orbicular, amplexicaul,
basifixed ; calyx -segments ovate, equal, i in. long ; corolla ^ in.

ygg xc. LENTiBULARiACE,E. [Utrieularfa

long; upper lip orbicular, entire; lower obscurely 2- to 3-
<jrenate ; spur as long as the lower lip.

HTTILLA -Flowers orange-yellow. At the muddy shore of the great
lake of Ivantala where the river Cacolovar takes its rise, at an elevation
about 4000 ft. ; fl. end of Feb. 1860. No. 270-

4. TJ. exoleta Br. Prodr. p. 430 (1810).

U. diantha Schult. Mant. i. p. 169 (1822) ; Oliv., I.e., p. 147 ;
non Alph. DC.

ICOLO E BENGO.— Floating, densely caespitose ; flowers small, pale
yellow. In Lagoa da Funda, not far from the river Bengo, plentiful
but not then seen elsewhere ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No. 267-

BARRA DO DANDE. — A tender, amphibious herblet, sometimes float-
ing with a much branched rhizome laden with small bladders, sometimes
growing on the damp mud with an abbreviated rhizome and without
any bladders; flowers deep yellow. At the margins of the river
Dande and in neighbouring lakes near Bombo, sparingly ; fl. and
young fr. Sept. 1858. No. 2676.

5. TJ. diploglossa Welw. ex Oliv., I.e., p. 147.

HUILLA.— Annual, amphibious, sometimes floating, sometimes
terrestrial, with its rhizome and branches bearing crowded bladders
and aggregated in the form of cushions ; the bladders blackish green
-or livid purple, large in proportion to the size of the plant, com-
pressedly ovoid, ramentaceous at the top; scape scarcely an inch long,
bibracteolate in the middle, 1-flowered, erect at the time of flowering,
bent downwards in fruit ; corolla yellow, moderate in size ; the upper
lip 2- or 3-crenulate at the apex, not bifid ; the lower lip longer than
and twice as broad as the upper, bent downwards, sub-entire and
reflected on the margin, as well as the broadly conical obtuse spur
furnished beneath with thin scattered hairs ; the palate very large
and prominent ; anthers inserted on the filaments below the apex. In
spongy places by streams and in still bays of the streams, in Morro
de Lopollo, at an elevation of 5300 ft., plentiful : fl. and fr. middle
of May 1860. No. 271. At the banks of the river Monino. A more
densely csespitose form. No. 2716.

6. TJ. cymbantha Oliv., I.e., p. 147.

HUILLA. — Corolla pale yellow or straw-coloured, small. Sometimes
floating, sometimes terrestrial, in rather shallow pools and covered
with various species of Algae, creeping along mud and forming broad
spongy patches ; in the more elevated wooded parts of Morro de
Lopollo, seen nowhere else ; fl. April 1860. No. 272.

This is the plant referred to as U. ecalcarata in Journ. Bot. xxxv.
pp. 38, 77, 78, 79, 81, 86, 87, and cf. p. 146 (181)7) ; it formed a harbour
for the following fresh-water algae : n. 179 ; Mougfotia (sp.), Penium
{sp.), P. varioldtum West, P. mimttuni Cleve, Docidium trigeminiferunt
West, Tetmemoms granulatus Ralfs, Micratterias arcuata Bail, var.
tubpinnatifida West, and M. tropica Nordst, var. crassa West.

7. U. subulata L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 18 (1753) ; Oliv., I.e., p. 148.
HUILLA. — An annual insignificant little herb ; leaves radical,

spathulate-lingulate, greatly attenuate at the base ; scapes few-
flowered, setiform ; pedicels spreading-divaricate ; flowers yellow :
capsules globose, red, resembling the sporogonia of mosses. In damp
pastures near Empalanca, on the Humpata plateau, in mossy places

Utricuktria] xc. LENTIBULARIACE.E. 787

among low bushes, at an elevation of 5500 ft. ; fl. and fr. beginning
of April 1860. No. 257.

8. U. reticulata Sm. Exot. Bot. ii. p. 119, t. 119 (1 Jan. 1808);
Oliv., I.e., p. 149.

HUILLA.— A terrestrial marsh herb ; root fibrous, the fibres very
slender ; scape filiform, twining, 1 to H ft. high, 2-flowered ; flowers
larger than usual, the largest among the Huilla species, deep blue
verging on purple ; the spur descending, acuminate, but little curved
forwards. In marshy somewhat spongy meadows on the left bank of
the river Quipumpunhime, in Sobato de Humpata, at an elevation of
4800 ft., very rare ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 265.

9. U. prehensilis E. Mey. Comm. PL Afr. Austr. p. 282 (1837);
Oliv., l.c , p. 150, excl. var.

HUILLA. — An annual herblet ; rhizome csespitose, slender, whitish,
brittle, bearing little bladders and also leaves ; leaves rather erect,
lanceolate or Ungulate, attenuate at the long base into the petiole, not
uncommonly ending at the apex in a little bladder and there rooting ;
scapes 3 to 5 in. long, erect, usually aggregated, 1 to 3 together, 2- to
<j-flowered ; flowers saffron-yellow, the upper lip of the corolla some-
what emarginate at the apex, erect, appendaged at the base on each
side at the insertion of the lower lip with a short pyramidal tooth :
the lower lip obcordate, patent, deeply marked with four channels on
the disk, gibbose-crested ; spur conical, somewhat curved forwards.
In swampy spongy wooded places in the highest pastures of the
Humpata plateau, and in Morro de Lopollo at an elevation of about
5400 ft., in company with Xyris and Lycopodiacese ; fl. and fr.
beginning of April 1860. No. 261.

10. IT. andongensis Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n.

U. prehensilis E. Mey., var. ft parviflora Oliv., I.e., p. 150.

PUNGO AXDOXGO. — An annual, elegant herblet ; rhizome bearing
little bladders and intermixed with mosses and liverworts; leaves
broadly linear or lanceolate-linear, obtuse, thinly fleshy, yellowish
green : scapes erect, branched ; flowers yellowish, unicolorous. In
a swampy place at the banks of the rivulet Casalale in the rugged part
of Pedra Songue in the presidium, rare and observed only in one spot ;
fl. and fr. Feb., March, and April 1857. No. 264.

This is not identical with U. parviflora Br.

11. U. tortilis Welw. ex Oliv., I.e., p. 150.

HUILLA. — Terrestrial ; fibres of the root whitish, branched, some-
what fleshy ; the branches sub-compressed, here and there terminating
in little bladders ; scape filiform, 2| to 6 in. long, spirally twining round
the stems of Cyperacese, 1- to 4-flowered ; corolla yellowish ; the upper
lip entire, longitudinally purple- striate ; the lower lip sub-entire, yellow
at the gibbosity, whitish-yellowish at the circumference ; the posterior
lobe of the stigma wanting or obsolete ; capsule quite covered by the
calyx when nearly ripe. In marshy spongy places in Morro de Lopollo,
among short grasses (Panicum myosuroides Br., etc.), always in company
with mucilaginous algae and even growing upon them ; fl. and young
fr. 9 May 1860. No. 258.

12. U. linarioides Welw. ex Oliv., I.e., p. 151.

HUILLA. — In habit remarkably resembling some Portuguese species
of Linaria ; leaves radical, obovate-spathulate ; petiole long ; scape

Ygg XC. LENTIBULARIACE^E.

always strictly erect although weak ; corolla deep purple ; palate
yellow-velvety. In spongy places by streams throughout the Lopollo
country, appearing soon after the spring rams, at an elevation of 5001
to 5200 ft. plentiful ; fl. and fr. 26 to 30 Oct. 1859. No. 266.

13. U. Welwitschii Oliv., I.e., p. 152.

Hun LA —Scape constantly flexuous on the fruiting portion ; leaves
loosely rosulate, elongate-spathulate, rarely surviving on the plant m
flower • calyx-lobes yellowish, margined with red, obtuse, somewhat
denticulate on the lower part ; corolla yellow ; both the upper and low
lips purplish ; the palate orange in colour : the spur livid-purple,
conical, acute, bent forwards and upwards. In swampy pastures,
tolerably plentiful about Lopollo, in company with various species of
Eriocaulrm : fl. and fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 263.

14. U. firmula Welw. ex Oliv., I.e., p. 152.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An annual herblet : scape erect, simple or bifid,
comparatively firm : leaves radical, rosulate, obovate-spathulate ; upper
lip of the corolla yellowish, bilobed ; the lower lip orange-coloured ;
the palate deep orange-red ; anthers didymous-constricted. la a damp
wooded place among short grasses, near Sansamanda, on the right
bank of the river Cuanza, in company with Isoctes (vquinoctialis, rather
rare and seen only in one place ; fl. and fr. 1 May 1857. No. 262.

This is not identical with U. Wallichiatta Wight (v.firmula), Oliv.,
Lc., iii. p. 182 (1859).

15. U. sanguinea Oliv., I.e., p. 153.

HUILLA.— Leaves spathulate, somewhat fleshy, brittle ; flowers very
bright blood-red purple. In swampy pastures and also in damp fields
neglected after cultivation about Lopollo, at an elevation of about
5000 ft., very plentiful ; fl. and fr. from Feb. to April 1860. No. 259.

16. U. exilis Oliv., Lc., p. 154.

HUILLA. — An annual herblet ; rhizome very tender, whitish, rooting:
leaves spathulate-lingulate, somewhat fleshy, arranged in a rosette at
the base of the scape or at each node of the rhizome ; scape 1 to 2 in.
high, 1- to 3-flowered, capillary, straight, dusky purple, simple or very
rarely with 1 or 2 branchlets ; calyx -segments broadly ovate-elliptical :
corolla sometimes quite white, sometimes more or less violet-purplish ;
the upper lip somewhat emarginate or shortly bifid, erect, yellowish,
the lower lip gibbous and yellowish in the disk, which is almost
quadrate and marked with 3 or 4 deep purple transverse lines on each
side, reflected and violet-purple or white on the circumference ; spur
horizontal, ascending at the apex, pale purple. In pastures flooded by
the spring and autumn rains at length drying up and somewhat spongy,
on the Humpata plateau, at elevations of 4800 and 5000 feet, very
plentiful, in company with species of Xyris, Eriocaulon lacteuin Rendle
(Welw. Herb. 2452), Cyperacese, and Isoctes : fl. 21 March and fr. end
of March 1860. No. 253. A weak, terrestrial herb ; leaves radical,
narrowly spathulate ; scape 1-or 2-flowered, 1 to 2 inches high, smooth,
erect ; calyx-segments broad ; corolla white, the upper lip incumbent
on the margin of the reflected broadly obcordate lower lip ; spur
straight, conical, obtuse ; capsule globose, apiculate. In moist bushy
sandy flooded places on the point of drying up, between Lopollo and
the river Erne ; fl. and fr. middle of April 1860. No. 252. It also
occurred about Lagoa de Quibinda on watery mud, in company with
Rotala mexicana subsp. Hierniana ; see ante, p. 371.

Utricularia] xc. LENTIBULARIACE.E. 789

Var. bryoides Welw. ms. in Herb.

An annual, erect herblet, 1 to 2 in. high; leaves radical,
subrosulate, obovate- or lanceolate-spathulate, somewhat fleshy,
greatly attenuate at the base into the petiole ; scape erect, 1- or
few-flowered ; flowers purple ; corolla pale violet; the palate violet-
purple ; ; the disk prominent yellow and marked with purple lines
radiating to the circumference. The patches of the plant in fruit
resemble those of a fruiting moss.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In spongy places among the more elevated rocks
of Pedras de Guinga, in company with I/ysanthes andongensis Hiern,
var. ? ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 254. In masses rather loosely in-
serted on rich saturated turf in spongv marshy places, near Catete
and Luxillo ; fl. and fr. middle of Jan. 1857. No. 255.

Var. nematoscapa.

A filiform herblet with a slender capillary scape and white
flowers.

PUXGO ANDONGO. — In sandy places among sparse herbage, by the
lake of Quibinda ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 256.

This is quoted by Oliver. I.e., p. 155, in mistake as No. 257. It grew
in company with Polygala 'Welwitsclui Chodat ; Welw. Herb. no. 1013.

2. GENLISEA A. St. Hil. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 988.

1. G. africana Oltv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. p. 145 (1865).

HUILLA. — Habit eminently Primulaceous ; leaves somewhat fleshy,
all densely rosulate ; flowers pale purple, turning blue when dried. In
marshy meadows and swampy plains by the banks of the Lopollo
river, at an elevation of 5000 to 5200 ft., in company with species of
Lobelia (cf. L. Wehoitechii Engl. & Diels, Welw. Herb. no. 1142, and
L. angoleiisis Engl. & Diels, Welw. Herb. no. 1146), Burmannia bicolor
Mart., var. ufrictma Bidl. (cf. Welw. Herb. no. 6473), and Erio-
caulonaceas (cf. Pcepalanthw Wahlbergii Koern., Welw. Herb. nos.
2454-55) ; fl. and fr. Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 260. Weaker forms,
obtained at the same time and place. No. 260^.

The following No., represented in the British Museum set by
a poor specimen, should be compared with this species, but the
reference is very doubtful : —

PUXGO ANDONGO. — A herb scarcely an inch high, growing in a
caespitose manner, apparently perennial ; leaves erect-patent, somewhat
fleshy, almost rosulate ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; fruit fallen.
In rocky sandy-schistose places on the right bank of the river Cuanza :
without fl. end of Jan. 1857. No. 6743.

XCL GESNERACE^.
1. STREPTOCARPUS Lindl. ; Benth. & Hook. Gen. PL ii. p. 1023.

1. S. monophyllus Welw. in Archiv. Sc. Phys. & Nat. Geneve,
xi. p. 202 (1861), (monophylla).

8. bengiwlensis Welw. ex C. B. 01. in DC. Monogr. Phan. v. 1,
p. 150 (1883).

HUILLA. — A herb, apparently perennial ; radical leaf solitary, very
large, very broadly cordate-ovate or cordate-oblong, obtuse at the apex,

790 xci. OESNEKACE.B. [Stnptooorpua

bright green, coarsely wrinkled and velvety-pubescent above, whitish-
shaggy scrobiculate and with thick pinnate nerves spreading beneath,
at length fleshy- thickened near the base, lying close to the ground ;
stem very short, fleshy, thickened, dichotomously or trichotomously
divided a little above the crown of the root into purple scape-like some-
what thick rigid several-flowered occasionally foliate branches ; flowers
handsome, somewhat nodding, as large as those of a foxglove, violet-
blue, some cauline, others solitary near the central stem from the crown
of the root : calyx deeply 5-cleft, scarcely 5-phyllous, short ; its lobes
J in. long ; corolla tubular-funnelshaped, sub-bilabiate, the segments
of the limb obtuse ; stamens 4, included, the posterior ones sterile ; the
filaments narrowly clavate, those of the interior stamens incurved ;
anthers sub-reniform, cohering ; ovary l-celled, in form like the spike
of a Myosurus ; placentas many-ovuled ; style firm, cylindrical ; stigma
capitate-peltate, the apex thinly papillose, not bilabiate nor with
renifonn lobes ; capsule elongate-cylindrical, l£ to 2 in. long ; the
valves 2, spirally twisted together ; seeds very numerous and small.
On rocky declivities close to the banks of the river Monino in Morro
de Monino, by rocks thinly covered with soil, at an elevation of 5300
to 5600 feet, rather rare ; fr. and very few fl. 10 and 12 May I860.
No. 1660 and CULL. CARP. 3(3 (not found) and 821.

This species differs from S. Cooperi C. B. Cl., I.e., by the presence of
pubescence on the exterior of the corolla ; it may be identical with a
plant collected by Buchanan in 181)1, n. 882, in Xyasaland. The solitary
radical leaf is regarded as a persistent cotyledon ; see Crocker in Joum.
Linn. Soc. v. p. 65, t. 4 (I860) and Dickie, l.r., ix. p. 126 (1865).

XCII. BIGNONIACE.E.

The species of Bignoniaceie found by Welwitseh in Angola and
Benguella are in great disproportion to the total number, which
amounts to between 500 and 600 ; this contrast is the more
striking, because tropical countries in other parts of the earth
form the principal seat of this Order.

1. STENOLOBIUM D. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. ix. p.264 (1823).
Tecoma Juss., sect. Tecomaria, Benth. <fc Hook f Gen PI ii

p. 1044.

1. S. stans Seem. Journ. Bot. i. p. 88 (1863).

Bignonia stans L. Sp. PL, edit. 2, p. 871 (1762). Tecoma slang
Spreng. Syst. Veg. ii. p. 834 (1825).

SIERRA LKONE.-A subscandent shrub, as tall as a man : flowers
yellow. Cultivated in gardens at Freetown ; fl. Sept. 1853. Xo. 484.

2. NEWBOULDIA Seem. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1045.
1. N. lams Seem. (Journ. Bot. 1863 p. 225, and 1870 p. 337) :

Bureau, Monogr. Bign. t. 15 (1864).

Spathodea Items P. Beauv. Fl. d'Owar. i. p. 48 t 29 (1805?)
Bignonia, africana Lam. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 424 (1783).

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— In the mountainous Darts of plpvatal
Par^Of0r*^FaZenda,de Mo»teCaffe'; fl, bud Dec 1860 Xat 4
name Quin,e. Represented in the British Museum by some fragment*
and a drawing of the specimen copied from the study set Xo 1259

8f>athodea'\ xcn. BIGNONIACEJE. 791

3. SPATHODEA P. Beauv. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1045.

1. S. campanulata P. Beauv. Fl. d'Owar. i. p. 47, t. 27 (1805 ?) ;
Seem, in Journ. Bot. iii. p. 332, t, 40 (1865); Welw. Apontain.
p. 584, n. 6 (1859). Bignonia tulipifera Thonn. in Danske Vid,
Selsk. iv. p. 47 (1829). S. tulipifera G. Don, Gen. Syst. iv.
p. 223 (1837).

LIBONGO.— A tree of moderate size, with the habit of an ash ; leaver
pinnate, deep green ; flowers racemose-cymose, red-orange in colour,
campanulate, a little larger than even a very large tulip. In the more
elevated forests of the interior part of the district, very rare ; fr. Sept.
1858. COLL. CARP. 814.

CAZEXCJO. — A tree ; leaflets mostly much larger and flowers half as
large as those respectively in Xo. 486. In the primitive forest at the
bank of the river Luinha, near Aguas Doces, during heavy rain ; fl.
31 Dec. 1854. No. 487.

GOLTJXGO ALTO. — A handsome tree, when in flower one of the
most beautiful in Angola, 20 to 30, usually 20 to 25 ft. high, with the
habit of the common ash ; leaflets with a blackish gloss ; flowers very
large and crowded, scarlet, golden-coloured and somewhat crisp on the
margin ; fruit lance-shaped, erect. In the less dense damp woods by
the banks of streams, plentiful, nearly throughout the district, flowering
from September to the end of May, fruiting in June and July ; near
Sange, N-delle, Cambondo, Trombeta, and around Bango, fl. March
1856, fr. June 1855, at 2400 feet alt. No. 486. By the Menha Lula
road ; seeds August 1855. COLL. CARI». 813.

It is not uncommon in the district of Ambaca. In the primitive
forests of Golungo Alto, in Sobato de Mussengue, it attains 70 ft. ;
it is called " Muten-andua " or " X-denand '' or u Mangel-andua " or
" Mutenguenandiia " or " Andenandua." Also in Pungo Andongo.

4. MARKHAMIA Seem. Journ. Bot. 1863, p. 226.

Miwnteria Seem., I.e., 1865, p. 329. Dollchandrone sect. Mark-
hamia, Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1046.

1. M. stenocarpa K. Schum. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3b,
p. 242 (July 1894).

Muenterict, stenocarpa Seem. Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 329, t. 36.
Kpathodea stenocarpa Welw. ex Seem., I.e. Dolichandrone stenocarpa
Baker in Kew Bull. 1894, p. 31.

GOLUXGO ALTO. — A moderate-sized tree, 20 to 25 ft. high ; crown
dilated, frondose ; branches patent ; branchlets tortuous ; flowering
panicles erect ; flowers white or yellow, variegated with a rose or violet
colour ; fruit 1 to 1J ft. long, linear, falciform. In dense primitive
forests at the river Luinha, also as a small tree in secondary woods near
Cambondo, sporadic and occasional throughout nearly the whole district :
fl. and fr., Jan. and Feb. 1855, over-ripe fr. Dec. 1854. No. 482.

PUXGO ANDOXGO.— A stately, leafy tree, 15 to 20 ft. high or more :
branches spreading ; branchlets ashy, much compressed at the nodes,
bearing frequently drooping flowers; leaves opposite, imparipinnate,
trijugate, the terminal leaflet the largest ; corolla smaller than in
Spatlwdea, greenish sulphur in colour outside, deep sulphur inside,
marked with longitudinal blackish purple lines and points ; the lobes
of the limb very crisp on the margin, dusky purple inside and beset
with large round glands which somewhat resemble the yellow-margined
apothecia of Lecidea ; stamens 5, one of them short and rudimentary ;

792 xcu. BIGNONIACE^E. [Markhamio,

capsule about a foot long, but little exceeding £ in. in breadth, curved
in a falcate manner, nearly smooth ; seeds as in Spathodea. In the
deep valleys among the gigantic rocks of the presidium, in the forest
of Mata de Cabondo and near Luxillo, not uncommon ; fl. and young
fr. Dec. 1856 and Jan. 1856. No. 483.

1. M. tomentosa K. Schum., I.e., p. 242.

Spathodea tomentosa Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 462 (1849).
Muenteria tomentosa Seem., I.e., p. 330, t. 35.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A small tree, 8 to 10 ft. high, or oftener only a
shrub of 5 to 6 ft., always sparingly branched and strictly erect ;
capsule 2 to 2£ ft. long. In bushy places at the outskirts of the
primitive forests of which it is a remarkable ornament, sporadic ; near
Sange at the base of Serra de Alto Queta ; fl. Feb. fr. June 1855.
No. 485- A tree, in primitive forests 30 ft. high or in secondary
thickets only 6 to 8 ft. ; branches rambling, lax ; flowers yellow-orange,
very handsome. In the forests and thickets, frequent throughout the
mountainous parts of the district ; in the elevated primitive forests
among the mountains of Cungulungulo ; fl. and ripe fr. Nov. 1855.
No. 4856. A small tree ; leaves pinnate ; flowers densely spicate, large,
saffron-yellow ; capsules 2 to 3 ft. long, outside cinnamon-tomentose.
At Sange ; fr. July 1857. COLL. CAHP. 815.

Some fragments of the fruit of M. stetiocarjta are intermixed with
the fruit of this species in COLL. CARP. 815 ; the description attached
appears to belong exclusively to this species.

" Moluanda " is the native name of a tree,belonging to Kpathodea or an
allied genus ; it has sulphur-coloured flowers and capsules a yard long :
the wood is strong and is generally used by the Golungo Alto negroes
for the helves of pruning-hooks ; perhaps it belongs to this species.

5. FERDINANDIA Welw. ex Seem. Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 330,
t. 37-38 ; non Ferdinanda Lagasca (1816) ; nee Ferdinandea Pohl
(1827).

Fernandoa Welw. ex Seem., I.e., 1866, p. 123. Ferrdincmdoa
Seem., I.e., 1870 p. 280. Ferdinanda Welw. ex Benth. & Hook,
f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1047 (1876). Heterophrayma Benth. & Hook.
1, l.c, p. 1046, partly; non DC. Femandia Baill. Hist. PI. x.
p. 47 (1888); K. Schum. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3b,
p. 243 (1894).

1. F. superba Welw. ex Seem., I.e., iii. p. 330, t. 38 (1865).

Bignonia Ferdinandi Welw. Apontam. p. 584, n. 10 (1859).
Ferdinandoa superba Seam., I.e., 1870, p. 280. Fernandia superba
Baill., I.e., p. 48. Heterophragma Ferdinandi Britten, Journ.
Bot. 1895 p. 75. Fernandia Fernanda K. Schum. in Engl. Nat.
Pflanzenfam. iv. 36., p. 243, fig. 92, g. (1895).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— An extensive tree, 25 to 40 ft. high, almost leafless
at the time of flowering, a very beautiful ornament of the Angolan
flora patently branched a little above the base ; head densely leafy
broad depressedly ovoid ; all the branches, even the lower thicker ones,
the shoots of the year covered with flowers ; leaves opposite
mparipmnate, 3- or 4-jugate, appearing immediately after the flower-
SLLrZ?"* °i80mf' Jery larSe> fascic"late, orange-cinnabar in
colour stnate with blood-red lines ; calyx globose-campanulate, in-
flated, bursting into 3 or 4 unequal teeth with a loud crackling, shortly

Ferdinandici] xcn. BIGNOXIACE.E, 793

velvety outside with a violet-purple felt, obscurely quadrangular at the
base ; corolla campanulate-subbilabiate, inserted at the bottom of the
-calyx around the yellowish hypogynous disk ; stamens 5, four of them
almost equal in height and bearing anthers, the fifth much shorter
and without an anther ; ovary sessile, cylindrical-fusiform, surrounded
with the fleshy disk and also a little imbedded in it, hispid-tomentose
outside, apparently bilocular ; the ovuliferous placenta usually almost
entirely free in the cavity of the ovary ; style filiform, bilamellate at
the apex, the lamelte usually cohering by their inner faces ; capsules
pendulous, 1J ft. and upwards, often 3 ft. long. In the bushy wooded
parts of the primitive forest in Sobato de Bumba, at the base of Serra
<le Alto Queta, at an elevation of 2200 ft., rather rare, in company
with Intsia citansensis O. Kuntze (Welw. Herb. no. 628) and Oncoba
Welwitschii Oliv. (Welw. no. 537) ; fl. Nov. and Dec. 1855, and Feb.
to April 1857 ; leaves fully open Jan. 1857 ; fr. beginning of July
1857. No. 488 and COLL. CARP. 817. Capsules cylindrical-subulate,
spirally twisted-angular, 2 ft. long, as thick as a man's finger. At
Sange"; fr. beginning of Jan. 1856. COLL. CARP. 816.

This plant was named in honour of Senhor Dom Fernando, king of
Portugal, who constantly favoured and encouraged Welwitsch in his
travels in Angola.

6. CATOPHRACTES D. Don ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PL ii.
p. 1048.

1. C. Welwitschi Seem. Journ. Bot. 1865, p. 331, t. 39.

BUMBO. — Stem and leaves clothed with a snow-white felt ; the
young branches often spineless, the old ones armed with long spines ;
flowers milk-white in the living state. About 15° S. Lat., in moun-
tainous bushy rocky and gravelly places, about 60 geographical miles
from the ocean, at an elevation of 1000 to 1200 ft., only between
Pomangala and Quitibe, tolerably plentiful ; fr. and few fl. June 1860.
No. 490. A sarmentose, spiny shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high. Near Pomangala ;
fr. Oct. 1859. COLL. CARP. 818. A shrub as tall as a man, branched
from the base ; leaves more or less spathulate, silvery-tomentose,
dentate ; flowers white ; corolla-tube long ; stamens 5. In dry hilly
places between Quitibe and Pomaugala, plentiful ; fl. and fr. beginning
of June 1860. COLL. CARP. 819.

Bentham & Hooker, I.e., p. 1049, unite this with the original species
of the genus, C. Alexandra D. Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. p. 308,
t. 22 (1840).

7. KIGELKEIA Rafin. Sylva Tellur. p. 166 (1838).

Sotor Fenzl in Ber. xxi. Versamml. Deutsch. Naturf. 1843,
p. 168 (1844). Kigelia DC. Prodr. ix. p. 247 (1845); Benth. &
Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1053.

1. K. pinnata.

Crescentia pinnata Jacq. Collect, iii. p. 203, t. 18 (1789). Tance-
cium jnnnatwm Willd. Sp. PL iii. p. 312 (1801). Tripinnaarict
•africana Spreng. Syst. ii. p. 842 (1825). Sotor cetkiopicum Fenzl,
I.e. Kigdia pinnata DC., I.e. ; Seem. Journ.' Bot. 1865, p. 333.

GOLUXGO ALTO. — A tree, 10 to 35 ft. high ; trunk 6 to 30 in. in
diameter at the base, in the smaller trees 2 or 3 times divided into
branches at the height of 5 to 7 ft. ; branches erect-spreading, loosely-
leafy ; branchlets compressed about the nodes ; leaves opposite, multi-
jugate ; flowers paniculate, very handsome, conspicuous from afar,

794 xcn. BIGXONIACE.E. [Kigelkeia

especially those on the lower branches, which are always more abundant
and larger than the upper ones, on account of their orange-scarlet
colour • peduncles drooping-pendulous from the uppermost axils ; the
common peduncle 1 to 2ft. long, much flattened-dilated above towards
the insertion of the pedicels, striate ; pedicels subverticillate, dichoto-
mous, recurved upwards, thick, very rigid ; calyx fleshy-coriaceous,
green tubular-campanulate, variously cleft or bilabiate, the upper lip
a little narrower and longer than the lower, both lips rounded or very
obtuse, quite entire, with a narrow scarious blackish membrane at the
margin the lower lip supplied outside with round irregularly arranged
glands ; corolla coriaceous (except the lobes), rigid, smooth outside,
brittle, orange-scarlet or pale red outside, deep scarlet or orange-
cinnabar inside, ringent ; the lower part of the tube funnel-shaped,
yellowish both inside and out, constricted a little above the base, then
abruptly dilated and curved ; the limb very wide, bilabiately 4-cleft,
that is, the upper lip slightly bifid and the lower lip more deeply trifid.
all the lobes repand-dentate on the margin, somewhat obtuse, corru-
gated-crisp onplicate-undulate, scarcely ever fully expanded, scrobicu-
late-veiny on the inner face ; the three lower lobes subequal, longr
with a thick nerve and longitudinally striate : stamens 5, inserted at
the middle of the corolla-tube where it is constricted and curved
forwards, included, 4 of them didynamous and fertile, the fifth 3 or 4
times shorter sterile and without an anther ; filaments cylindrical,
yellowish, but little attenuate towards the apex, thinly hirsute with
whitish hairs at the base ; anthers large, yellowish, attached at the
apex, 2-celled, the cells longitudinally dehiscing and divaricate in a
sagittate manner ; the sterile stamen placed between the two shorter
fertile stamens and corresponding to the cleft or sinus of the upper
lip of the corolla ; disk perigynous, thick, yellowish, fleshy, turgid,
annular, smooth, lying atithe bottom of the calyx and surrounding
the base of the ovary ; ovary sessile at the bottom of the calyx ,
conical-cylindrical, 2-celled. the cells many-ovuled ; style elongated,
exceeding the stamens, cylindrical, flattened towards the apex : stigma
consisting of two ovate-lanceolate lamellae stigmatose on the inner
face ; fruit pendulous, conical-cylindrical, 1 to li ft. long, 2 to 3 in.
in diameter, green, somewhat warted, a little compressed on two sides,
more or less dusky when ripe ; seeds numerous, not winged, nestling
in pulp which is pervaded with woody fibres. The fifth stamen is
always present, and in only one instance out of more than fifty flowers
examined was it found fertile. At the outskirts of primitive forests,
especially by streams in Sobatos de Bumba and Bango Aquitamba,
and about Sange by the Delamboa rivulet ; fl. May to Dec., fr. Jan. to
April 1854-56. No. 489. In company with Tylophora conspinm
N.E. Br. ; Welw. Herb. no. 4215. In damp woods at the river Muia.
near Trombeta ; fl. June 1856. A form with much more ample
leaflets. No. 491. Flowering and fruiting racemes pendulous • ripe
fruit 18 to 20 in. long by 2£ to 3 in. in transverse diameter. In Mata
de Quisucula,at the river Delamboa : fr. Oct. 1855. COLL. CAKP. 82<>.
The Mozambique vernacular name is "Kigeli-Keia"- in Banco it is--
called " Cambumbi."

XCIII. PEDALIACE.E.

These plants Welwitsch regarded as forming groups of Big-
nomacese ; in contradistinction to the latter they are well repre-
sented in Angola and Benguella, and indeed are more frequent

Pterodiscus] xcm. PEDALIACE.E. 795

than in other tropical countries ; but as they consist mostly of
herbs they do not greatly affect the physiognomy of the vegetation.

The tribe Pedaliese has only one representative in the collection r
and of that one only a single specimen was found ; but it is very
probable that Uncaria prociimbens Burch., the grapple plantr
occurs in the southern part of Mossamedes on the sandy Cunene
plains.

The tribe Sesameee is most frequent about Benguella and in
the Mossamedes district. Two species of Sesamum, namelyr
>$'. angolense and S. rigidum, have both opposite and alternate
leaves on one and the same specimen. The cultivation of &
orientale, which is carried on with profitable results in Indiar
Egypt, Mozambique, etc., Avas started in Angola during the
time when Pedro Alexandripho do Conha was governor-general,,
and again at a later period before Welwitsch's time, though
always with but small success ; but the experiments appear not
to have been made in the parts of the province best adapted for
the purpose. The colonists complained that the exceedingly
irregular ripening of the seeds so reduced the crop that the
cultivation of this oil-plant had resulted in a loss; during the
latter part of his travels, however, Welwitsch saw in the interior,,
chiefly on the high plateau east of Pungo Andongo, the plant
cultivated by the negroes, though only in small quantities and for
their own use, and he was firmly convinced that trials made by
experienced colonists and in properly chosen districts in the
highlands would lead to favourable results. The negroes of
Pungo Andongo cultivate it, not for the extraction of oil, but for
making cakes, which they bake with the crushed seeds, and which
they look upon as a delicacy. In Cazengo the cultivation had
been attempted and given up, as it was found that birds devoured
the seeds of the Sesamuna before they ripened, and that Arachis
hypoycea afforded a far more certain and profitable yield for the
production of oil.

Several species possess roots containing a red dyeing material,,
which even in the herbarium stains paper, and they might
perhaps be used for dyeing purposes; this material is most
strongly developed in /Sesamum triphyllum, a species which i&
widely distributed from the banks of the Maiombo behind
Mossamedes up to the high plateau of Huilla. A mucilaginous
infusion is obtained from species found about Lopollo and Huilla.
/S'. pentaphyllum with its large violet-purple flowers, and still more
so the /S. angolense of Pungo Andongo, are very ornamental plants,,
and probably might, at least in the warmer European countries, be
grown in the open air.

1. PTERODISCUS Hook. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1057,
1. P. aurantiacus Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 53

(1869); Schinz in Verh. Bot. Brandenb. xxx. p. 181 (23 June 1888),
MOSSAMEDES. — A decumbent herb, glaucous-pruinose beneath ; root

thick, fusiform, almost napiform : stem prostrate, succulent, nearly

796 xcui. PEDALiACEjE. [Pterodisciw

glabrous ; branches opposite ; leaves obovate- or oblong-spathulate,
fleshy-thickish, succulent, rounded-obtuse at the apex, gradually
narrowed at the base into the petiole of \ to l£ in. long, repand or
sinuate-dentate on the margin, densely glandular-lepidote on both
faces ; flowers axillary, solitary, scarcely an inch long ; corolla between
funnel- and salver-shaped, of a bright deep orange colour ; the tube
cylindrical, \ in. long, \ in. in diameter ; the limb 5-lobed, spreading,
sub-bilabiate ; stigma deeply bilobed ; fruit drooping, ovoid- pyramidal,
4-winged ; the wings semicircular, broad, radiately plicate, scarious,
entire on the margin. In a sandy place at the banks of the river Bero
near Mossamedes ; only one old specimen ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1658.

2. ROGERIA J. Gay ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1057.

1 . R. adenophylla J. Gay in Ann. Sc. Nat. , ser. 1 , i. p. 457 ( 1 824).

MOSSAMEDES. — An annual herb, 1 to li ft. high ; flowers handsome ;
corolla orange in colour outside, the interior of the tube and the whole
limb felted with a pale purple velvet : capsule many-sided, scarcely
quite 4-celled, beaked with the remains of the style, the beak obliquely
truncate ; testa of the seeds deeply foveolate or scrobiculate. At the
rocky bank of the river Bero, among tall bushes, fl. and fr. Aug. 1859,
and at the bank of the river Maiombo in Oct. 1859 ; one specimen in
each place. No. 1657. A herb of 2 to 3 ft. ; leaves glaucous ; flowers
large, Bignonioid, glaucous-purple. At Pedra do Rei, near Boca do
Bero ; one specimen ; fr. Oct. 1859. A plant well worth cultivating.
COLL. CARP. 42.

The plant affords a mucilaginous infusion which is useful in cases
of diarrhoea, etc.

3. SESAMOTHAMNUS Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 49
<1869) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1058.

1. S. benguellensis Welw., I.e., p. 50, t. 18.

BUMBO. — A much-branched, spiny, arborescent shrub as tall as a
man, or rather a shrubby tree, leafless during the greater part of the
year, sparingly flowering, more sparingly and only in copiously rainy
years fruiting ; trunk 1 to 3 ft. in diameter, at the height of scarcely
1^ ft. divided into 3 to 7 tortuously ascending branches as thick as a
man's arm ; bark of the trunk from whitish to ashy, smooth, here and
there horizontally rugulose ; branches irregularly ramulose ; branchlets
^rect-patent, very crowded ; twigs spinescent, bearing on their axils
leaf-buds wrapped in short whitish wool, floriferous below the apex ;
leaves sub-fasciculate in the axils of the spines, obovate-oblong,
glaucous- green, somewhat fleshy and rigid, very obtuse and mucronate
with a slender seta at the apex, narrowed at the base into the petiole,
opening a little after the flowering, falling soon afterwards, articulate ;
base of the petiole persistent on the stem and remaining in the form
of a spine always truncate at the apex ; flowers handsome ; corolla
from whitish to rosy outside : the tube elongated, with a long spur at
the base ; the spur conical-lanceolate, almost an inch long ; the limb
spreading, 5-lobed, white or milk-white ; fruit dusky black, almost
like that of a Sesamum. In rocky mountainous sparingly bushy places
in Serra da Cazimba, on dry hills composed of a sandy schist, between
Cazimba and Quitibe, at an elevation of 600 to 1000 ft., sporadic ; with
a few fl.-buds and a simple open fl. Oct. 1859, in company with
Hoodia parmflora X.E. Br. (Welw. Herb. no. 4265) and

Sesamothamnus] xcm. PEDALIACE.E. 797"

Welwitschi Seem. (Welw. Herb. no. 490) ; near Cazimba, plentiful,
ripe fr. and but few leaves 5 June 1860. No. 1509.
. The plant is used medicinally as a demulcent and refrigerant in cases-
of inflammation of the face, mouth, eyes, and urinary passages.

4. SESAMUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1058.

1. S. orientale L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 634 (1753).

S. indicium L., I.e.; Welw. Apontam. p. 551, sub n. 103 (1859) ;
Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 237 (1884). Anthadenia sesamoides Van
Houtte in Hort. Vanhoutt. fasc. i. p. 4 (1845). Volkameria
orientalis O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL ii. p. 481 (1891). V. sesamodes
O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482.

LIBONGO. — An annual, erect, branched herb, 1J to 4 ft. high ;
corolla pale rosy purple. In moist bushy places on the left bank of
the river Lif une, here and there ; fl. and f r. end of Sept. 1858. No. 1639.

CAZENGO. — Seeds dusky yellow. Among low scattered bushes near
Cacula, in company with Ceratotheca integribracteata Engl. (Welw..
Herb. no. 1649), not uncommon : fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 1640.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Seeds black. In bushy wooded places on a sandy
clay soil at the banks oE the river Cuango, near Sange ; fl. and fr.
July 1855. No. 1638.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In moist sandy places at the river Cuanza, near
Sansamanda ; fl. and unripe fr. Dec. 1856 ; also in neglected fields
covered with bushes near Condo ; fr. March 1857, mostly very sporadic.
No. 1641.

No. 1642 is a specimen of the same species from Gr. Don's herbarium
obtained at SIERRA LEONE, where it is called " Kinu Thorny" or
" Palaver sauce plant."

In Angola native names are "N-guilla," " N-gilla," "Anguilla,"
" Uanguilla," " Bicola," and " Ocoto " ; the Portuguese name is
" Gergelim."

2. S. calycinum Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 52 (1869) ;
Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 158 (1894).

S. indicum L., var. ? atigustifolium Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxix. p. 131 (1875). Volkameria calycina O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — Stems 2 to 3 ft. high, erect, simple or usually
divided towards the apex into 3 to 5 elongated virgate branches ;
leaves half as large as those of S. angolense, lepidote beneath between
the purple veins with white depressed scales, each of which consists of
four connate obtusely quadrangular parts ; flowers rosy purple, secund,,
drooping, (j to nearly 1^ in. long ; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, with
a very long acumen at the apex ; capsule gradually attenuate at the
apex 'in a long acumen ; seeds nearly similar to those of S. angohnse.
In the drier sandy thickets between Caghuy in the presidium and
Sansamanda ; fl. and few fr. beginning of Jan. 1857. No. 1644.

3. S. angolense Welw. Apontam. p. 588, n. 59 (1859), and in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 51 (1869); Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix.-
p. 158 (1894).

S. macranthum Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 131, t. 84
(1875). Volkameria angolensis O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482.
PUNGO ANDONGO. — A suffruticose herb, 3 to 5 or rarely 6 ft. high ;

798 xcin. PEDALIACE.E. [Seaomum

stem straight, sparingly branched towards the top ; leaves obovate-
oblong, the upper ones obcuneate, all obtuse and more or less
emarginate at the apex, membranous, somewhat rigid, deep green and
rugulose above, clothed beneath with a lax or rather dense adpressed
whitish felt or hoary with a loose coarse tomentum ; flowers very large
and handsome, brilliantly purple or rosy violet, very like a foxglove,
drooping ; seeds obovate, 4-edged. delicately reticulate-wrinkled on
the faces In sandy woody thickets between the streams Lutete and
Luxillo, near Fundo de Cazella, fl. and unripe fr. 18 Oct. 1856 ; from
Cazella'to the right bank of the river Cuanza, Catete, etc., fl. and fr.
beginning of Jan. 1857 ; also near Lombe, very sparingly, fl. and fr.
March 1857. No. 1645, and COLL. CARP. 169.

This is the Sesamum, which, " far surpassing all other herbaceous
plants in splendour, size and richness of blossoms, appears prominently
in all the less dense places of the wood " ; see Welw. in Journ. Linn.
Soc. iii. p. 153 (1859).

4. S. digitaloid.es Welw. ex Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iv.
p. 454 (1896).

MOSSAMEDES. — An annual or biennial herb, erect, 4 to 5 ft. high,
divaricately branched from the base, pubescent ; flowers handsome,
of a deep rosy purple colour. In bushy gravelly maritime places at
the banks of the rivers Giraiil and Bero, usually flooded ; fl. and fr.
July 1859. No. 1647.

5 S. antirrhinoides Welw. ms. in Herb, ex H. Schinz (Aschers.)
in Verb. Bot. Brandenb. xxx. p. 183 (1888).

Volkameria antirrhinodts 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482.

An erect, branched, annual herb, \ to 3 ft. high, rarely taller,
hirsute with spreading hairs, viscid-glandular, sparingly
branched ; stem and branches obtusely quadrangular, more or
less leafy ; leaves opposite or subopposite, undivided, entire or
remotely denticulate-repand, narrowly elliptical or sublanceolate,
obtuse and apiculate or somewhat pointed at the apex, wedge-
long by
flowers
long in

flower, about $ or i in. long and thickened especially upwards
in fruit ; bracts 2, at the base of the peduncle and nearly
equalling or rather exceeding it (one linear-filiform and the
other spathulate), with a perforated globular apparently abortive
flower-bud or large gland (nectary) between them ; calyx-segments
narrowly lanceolate, i to | in. long ; corolla rosy violet or purple,
minutely glandular and thinly pilose outside, campanulate-tubular,
the tube about -£ in. in diameter at the oblique throat, the limb
about ^ in. in diameter; capsule oblong, roundedly tetragonal,
somewhat compressed, 4-furro\ved longitudinally, acuminate-
beaked, hirsute, glandular, f to 1 in. long (including the beak
of i in.), about £ in. broad, loculicidally 2-valved ; seeds
numerous, obovate, compressed, -^ in. long, black, with a rather
broad uninterrupted projecting border or narrow wing round
«ach face, foveolate-rugulose within the borders.

MOSSAMEDES.— In bushy sandy places at the banks of the river

tSesamum] xciu. PEDALIACE.E. 799

Bero, plentiful ; fl. and f r. July 1859. Xo. 1648- Same locality,

fr. June 1859. COLL. CARP. 23.

This plant stains paper a reddish colour.

The following No. probably belongs to this species : —

MO88AHEDB8. — Root dyeing red. In bushy places on a sandy clay

soil, near Giraul ; without fl. or fr. July 1859. Xo. 1655.

6. S. pedalioides Welw. ms. in Herb.

An erect, pubescent, branched, rather wiry herb, i to 2 ft.
high or more ; branches alternate and opposite, spreading,
ascending, obtusely tetragonal, leafy; leaves opposite sub-
opposite cr alternate, sublinear or narrowly spathulate, grey-
green, puberulous, branny-glandular, entire or subrepand on
the narrowly thickened-revolute margin, 1 to 2 in. long by ^ to
y in. broad, spreading, obtusely pointed at the apex, wedge-
shaped at the sessile or shortly petiolate base ; flowers axillary,
solitary but usually with a shortly stalked abortive flower-bud
or large gland in the same axil and a pair of similar buds in the
opposite axil, i in. long ; peduncles short, ^ to ^ in. long ; calyx
i in. long, hirsute, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes narrowly lanceolate-
linear, acute ; corolla broadly campanulate-f unnelshaped, some-
what ventricose at the base, thinly pilose outside, membranous,
veiny, shortly lobed, the lobes rounded at the apex ; stamens 4,
subdidynarnous ; anthers oblong, included; ovary ovoid-oblong,
hairy ; style puberulous, |- to ^ in. long, included ; stigma
bilobed ; capsule hairy, ovoid-oblong, roundedly tetragonal, some-
what compressed especially upwards, very obtuse, subtruncate
and slightly emarginate at the apex, i in. long, with a furrow
down each of the four sides, 4-cornuate at the base, bivalved,
dehiscing from the apex ; seeds in four longitudinal rows,
blackish, obovate, flattened on the two faces, -—- in. long, with a
narrow wing or border surrounding each face except the narrow
base, rugulose-ribbed within the borders more or less transversely
or radiately.

MOSSAMEDES. — In sandy sparingly herbaceous thickets on the left
bank of the river Bero, here and there ; fl. and fr. July 1859.
Xo. 1643, and COLL. CARP. 824.

7. S. rigidum Peyritsch in Sitz. Akad. Wien, xxxviii. p. 572 (1 860).
BENGUELLA. — In sandy maritime sparingly bushy places between

Benguella and the river Catumbella ; fl. and few fr. June 1859.
Xo. 1646.

8. S. triphyllum Welw. ex H. Schinz (Aschers.) in Verb. Bot.
Brandenb. xxx. pp. 185, 239 (1888).

Volkameria tmphylla 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482.

MOBSAMXDEg, — An erect, branched, annual herb, 3 to 4 ft. high ;
leaves digitate ; leaflets 3 to 5, glaucous ; flowers handsome, violet in
colour outside, violet-purple inside ; seeds angular, alveolate all over
with small crowded pits, biauriculate on both faces above and below.
In moist sandy places at the banks of the river Bero ; fr. middle of
July 1859. Probably this species. COLL. CARP. 28. Corolla violet
purple. In gravelly places at the river Maiombo, near Pedra do Rei,

gOO xcui. PEDALIACE;E. [Sesamum

sparingly • fl and fr. June I860. No. 1663. At the latter station
but sparingly, fl. Oct. 1859. No. 1663&.

HUILLA —An annual erect herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; roots dyeing red ;
leaves trifoliolate or very rarely quinquefoliolate, nearly glabrous,
bright herbaceous-green on both faces ; flowers tolerably large, of a
glaucous blood-red hue ; capsules nearly glabrous, longer than the
petioles In neglected fields between Nene and Humpata, and rather
rare near Lopollo : fl. Oct. 1859, fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 ; also in like
places and in rather small thickets by the Monino ; fl. April 1860.
No. 1662-

9 S pentaphyllum E. Mey. in Flora, 1843, ii. Beigabe, pp. 50,
54, 56, 222; & ex DC. Prodr. ix. p. 251 (1845).

Gongyla pentaphylla Bernh. ex DC., I.e. Sesamopteris penta-
phylla, DC., I.e. Volkameria pentaphylla 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 482.

BENGUELLA.— An erect, creruleo-glaucescent, sparingly branched,
apparently annual herb, 5 to 6 ft. high, very elegant ; corolla hand-
some, campanulate-subringent, violet-coloured outside, red-purple
inside. In bushy sandy places near Benguella ; fl. and fr. end of June
1859. COLL. CARP. 25. A very beautiful plant ; leaves 5-foliolate,
palmate, glaucous-silky ; leaflets petiolulate ; flowers violet-purple.
In maritime gravelly places between Benguella and the river Cavado ;
fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 1661 partly.

MOSSAMEDE*— An erect herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; stem purple as well
as the very delicately lepidote-glaucous leaves. In the dry bushy bed
of the river Bero, very rare ; fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 1661 partly.

The plant stains paper a reddish colour.

5. CERATOTHECA Endl. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.p. 1059.

1. C. integribracteata Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 156 (1894).

ZENZA DO GOLUXGO. — An annual herb ; leaves pallid but not
whitish-glaucous beneath ; flowers whitish rosy. At Muchao, Mongdlo
mountains, at the outskirts of forests of Leguminosae ; fr. Sept. 1854.
No. 1660.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In hilly places among low herbs near Sange,
plentiful ; fl. and fr. Jan. and Feb. 1855. No. 1651. An annual
herb, 2 to 2i ft. high, resembling a species of Digitalis ; flowers rosy,
tolerably large. In sunny places near Sange, not common ; fr. Jan!
1855. COLL. CARP. 822. Near Rodrigo's house ; fr. July 1857.
COLL. CARP. 823.

CAZENGO.— In secondary bushy woods near Cacula : fl. and fr.
June 1855. No. 1649.

AMBACA. — An annual, erect, viscid, branched herb ; flowers like a
foxglove in shape, from whitish to rosy, somewhat drooping. In a
pasture among low bushes, between N-gombe and the river Lucala :
one specimen ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 1652.

MOSSAMEDES. — A herb, H to 2 ft high, much branched from the
base, more or less viscid" throughout, certainly annual and not
perennial ; flowers yellowish with a purplish tinge, black-punctate all
over. In sandy places near Cavalheiros at the banks of the river
Bero, usually flooded, not common ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1654.

HUILLA.— Flowers rosy. In neglected fields near Lopollo ; fl. and
fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 1653.

This is probably the plant with the native name of " Quifoc<5so " in
Golungo Alto, which when boiled Welwitsch's informant, Senhor
Mariano, stated to have the virtue of killing lice.

Pretrea] xciu. PEDALIACE^E. 801

6. PRETREA J. Gay; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1059.
1. P. zanguebarica J. Gay in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, i. p. 457 (1824).
Martynia zanguebaria Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 386 (1790).

P. artemisicefolia Klotzsch in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. i. p. 188,
t. 31 (1861).

ISLAND OF ZANZIBAR. — An infusion of the plant is mucilaginous
and used as remedy in cases of gonorrhoea. Probably the " Biri-viri "
•of the Zanzibar people. Collected by Roquett in 1 862 and sent to
Welwitsch 10 Jan. 1863 by Dr. Hopffer ; in fl. and fr. No. 1656,
and COLL. CARP. 825.-

The three species of this genus which were mentioned by Klotzsch,
I.e., are probably all forms of the same species ; see a letter on this
subject by Welwitsch in the Gazeta Medica de Lisboa, p. 474 (1863).

7. LINARIOPSIS Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 53
(1869) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1060.

1. L. prostrataWelw.,Z.c.,p.54; Eicalho,Pl. TJteis, p. 240 (1884).

HUILLA. — A perennial herb ; root thick, fleshy-fibrous, conical-
cylindrical ; stems several, prostrate, compressed, dilated at the nodes,
sparingly branched ; branches opposite, ascending, glandular and
hirsute throughout with whitish hyaline sometimes laxer sometimes
denser unequal hairs ; leaves herbaceous-green, ciliate and with thinly
scattered hyaline hairs above, branny-lepidote and whitish beneath ;
petioles with one or more glands ; flowers axillary, purple-dusky,
pruinose ; calyx 5-partite to the base ; the segments linear-lanceolate,
rather obtuse, ciliate, one of them shorter than the rest ; corolla
tubular, the throat widened and gibbous, the limb bilabiate, the upper
lobes straight, the middle lobe of the lower lip wider concave and
boat-shaped, all the lobes rounded-obtuse ; stamens 4, didynamous,
included, ascending, inserted a little above the base of the corolla-tube
where there is a ring of glandular hairs ; anthers broadly obovate,
cordate at the base, 2-celled ; the cells separated by the connective,
diverging, longitudinally dehiscing ; ovary 2-celled ; cells 1-ovulate ;
ovules erect or ascending ; capsule woody (except the persistent calyx
and disk), obovoid-cylindrical, short, obtuse, 4-ribbed, tuberculate in
rows between the ribs, scarcely dehiscent, obtusely mucronate at the
top with the remains of the style, incompletely 2-celled, the cells
confluent above the middle, that is, the septum not reaching the centre,
and thus 1-celled ; endopleura thinly membranous, hyaline ; seeds
erect, obcordate, truncate at the base, compressed, towards the base
with two short wings by the folding of the chestnut-brown mem-
branous rather loose testa ; embryo straight ; cotyledons obovate,
obtuse and somewhat emarginate at the apex, rather fleshy, flattened ;
radicle inferior, broadly conical, obtuse, rather short. In hilly places
in short grass by streams between Mumpulla and None, at an elevation
of from 4500 to 5000 ft.; also near Lopollo, but there not very
plentiful ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 1659.

XCIY. ACANTHACE^E.

1. THUNBERGIA L. f.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1072.
1. T. affinis S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, pp. 5 (Jan.), 194,
196 (July); Burkill in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 11 (1899).
GOLUNGO ALTO. — A shrub, climbing high and wide, remarkably

52

802

xciv. ACANTHACE/E. [Thunbei'gia

ornamental • flowers handsome, deep blue, like those of Gloxinia in
size and shape; calyx deeply 10-cleft. In shady forests near Calolo
in Sept. and at the Capopa spring 1 Dec. 1854 ; fl. and unripe f
No 5181. At Casaballa ; fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 5154. Flower
2 in long ; bracteoles £ in. long ; peduncles whitish, § in. long.
No 5113 No notes. No. 5088, as to the flowering pieces (the leafy
shoot of this No. bears tendrils and belongs to a different Order) By
oil-palms near the banks of the river Cuango ; fr. Dec. 1855. COLL.
CARP 835. A lovely, evergreen shrub, climbing high and far ; trunk
hard 'woody, scarcely as thick as a man's finger ; branches sarmentose,
purplish, somewhat twining ; leaves softly coriaceous, quite glabrous,
ovate-lanceolate, gradually narrowed at the apex into a long acumen,
repand-undulate on the margin, deep green and but little shining
above, pale green and elevately-ribbed beneath ; petioles $ to i in.
long, semi-cylindrical, more or less curved, articulate at the base :
flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves, azure-blue, handsome, with
the aspect of a Gloxinia ; peduncles 1 to H- in. long ; calyx deeply
12- or 13-cleft, bibracteolate at the base ; bracteoles thinly membranous,
pale greenish, obliquely ovate, acuminate, nearly glabrous, 5-nerved,
i to | in. long, quasi-spathelike in consequence of the sides more or
less cohering ; calyx-lobes lanceolate-linear, not subulate, erect, loosely
embracing the corolla-tube, green, densely beset with stalked glands,
the alternate lobes shorter ; corolla funnel-shaped, almost bilabiate
after the fashion of Bignoniaceas or Gloxinia ; the tube an inch long,
transversely compressed, constricted above the ovary, gradually and
obconically dilated above, obtusely keeled on the upper side, rather
acutely keeled on the lower side, whitish violet on the exterior, deep
yellow within ; the limb 5-cleft, patent, deep blue both inside and out :
the lobes obovate-subrotund, imbricate and contorted at the base :
stamens 4, adnate to the corolla-tube a little above its constriction,
didynamous, included ; filaments flatly compressed, 2-edged, yellowish
at the base ; anthers bilocular, white : the cells somewhat diverging
and not aristate at the base, ciliate- bearded, one cell much shorter than
the other, the beard white, the connective produced beyond the cells
into a subulate acumen ; ovary semi-ellipsoidal ; style simple, a little
exceeding the stamens, incumbent in the lower side of the corolla-tube,
whitish ; stigma bilabiate, whitish ; the lower lip funnel-shaped, the
outline of its mouth obcordate ; the upper lip triangular, transversely
placed with reference to the lower lip ; disk hypogynous, fleshy, form-
ing a ring round the base of the ovary. In dense very shady forests
close to the banks of the river Cuango, at Capopa, near Sange ; fl . and
young fr. 19 June 1856. Probably this species or its variety pulvinata,
S. Moore, l.c., p. 6 ; Burchill, I.e., p. 12. No. 5145. The species
occurred also near N-delle, 19 Nov. 1855.

PUNGO ANDOKOO. — A shrub climbing to a great height and then
hanging down ; bracteoles petaloid, apparently white ; corolla deep
blue, the tube yellow inside. At the banks of the river Lombe,
sparingly ; fl. and fr. end of March 1857. No. 5109.

The Lichen n. 274 at Sange in Feb. 1855 grew on the leaves of
perhaps this species of Thunbergia.

2. T. huillensis S. Moore, I.e., p. 194 ; Burkill, I.e., p. 15.

HUILLA.— Flowers pale blue; capsule compressedly ovoid -conical,
bivalved, * in. long, just exceeding the bracteoles. In the more
elevated pastures of Morro de Monino among low bushes • fl and fr
Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 5025.

Thunbergia] xciv. ACAXTHACEJE. 803

The minute structure of this, as well as of the next species, shows
medullary xylem-islands and a woody cylinder which after a time is
broken up just as occurs in the genus Mendoncia. See Journ. Bot.
xxxii. p. 219 (1894).

3. T. alata Bojer ex Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2591 (1825) ; Hook
Exot. Fl. t. 177 (1827); Burkill, I.e., p. 16.

SIERRA LEONE. — A climbing herb ; leaves 1£ in. long ; petiole as
long, often winged ; corolla sulphur-orange in colour, blackish purple
at the bottom ; capsule, including the beak, nearly an inch long. By
fences and in bushy places near Freetown, not common ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1853. No. 5207-

4. T. Cycnium S. Moore, I.e., p. 194 ; Burkill, I.e., p. 17.
HUILLA. — Flowers white. In bushy rocky places, flooded in the

rainy season, near Lopollo ; fl. and unripe fr. Dec. 1859. No. 5009.

The part of Mr. Moore's description, I.e., which relates to the
climbing and pendulous habit, is not applicable to this plant, and was
probably intended to belong to the description of T. affinis.

5. T. armipotens S. Moore, I.e., p. 195 ; Burkill, I.e., p. 20.
HUILLA. — In the Empalanca bushy pastures ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1869.

No. 5026- Leaves hastate, rough ; flowers blue. At Lopollo ; fl. and
fr. April 1860. No. 5027-

6. T. sessilis Lindau in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvii. p. 96 (9 May
1893); Burkill, I.e., p. 21.

HUILLA. — Fruit compressed, lanceolate, glabrous, firmly coriaceous,,
chestnut in colour, dehiscing laterally at the apex. In wooded pasture*
flooded in summer, near Humpata ; only one specimen ; fr. April I860-.
No. 5044.

7. T. lamellate Hiern, sp. n.

T. (Eu-Thunbergia) sp. nov., S. Moore, I.e., p. 196.

A nearly glabrous, erect herb, with the habit of a Petunia, 1 to^
li ft. high, much branched from the base; rootstock thick,
perennial ; stems numerous, rather wiry, obtusely quadrangular,
furrowed ; branches opposite and alternate, ascending or strictly
erect, ptoberulous at the nodes ; leaves opposite, obovate-oblong,
linear-oblong or elongate-lanceolate, obtuse or emarginate or
subapiculate at the apex, a little narrowed to the sessile base,
puberulous or subscabrid, rather fleshy, rigid, glaucous-green,,
more or less erect, pauci-veined, entire on the narrowly revolute
margin, 1^ to 3i in. long by ^ to f in. broad; flowers large,
white ; fruiting peduncles solitary in the upper axils, ^ to |- inch
long, rather thick ; bracteoles lanceolate-oblong, 5- to 7-nerved,
rather obtusely pointed at the apex, puberulous, 1 to 11 in. long ;
fruiting calyx £ to § in. long; the segments 12 to 15, rigid,
subulate ; capsule |- to 1 in. long, the lower part subglobose,
f to i in. diameter, the upper part (or beak) oblong, i to | in.
broad ; seeds i to ^ in. long, covered with imbricate adpressed
lamellae.

• HUILLA. — In hilly rocky places among tall bushes between the lake
of Ivantala and Quilengues ; fr. end of Feb. 1860. No. 5062. In
thickets near Lopollo and at the Hippopotamus lake (Ivantala) ; fr.

304 xciv. ACANTHACEJS. \Thutihergia,

Jan and March I860. COLL. CARP. 31. In mountainous wooded
rather dry places at the lake of Ivantala ; fr. 29 Feb. 1860. COLL.
CARP. 827.

8. T. angolensis S. Moore, I.e., p. 195 ; Burkill, I.e., p. 24.
HUILLA.— A very beautiful plant, clothed on all parts with a white

tomentum ; flowers pale azure-blue. In thickets between Mumpulla
and Humpata, in company with species of Gnidia (cf. G. Remllei ;
Welw. herb. no. 6478) and Thesium (cf. T. Welwitschii, Welw. herb,
no. 6435) ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 5037- In wooded thickets between
Mumpulla and Nene ; fl. end of Oct. 1859. No. 5038-

9. T. lancifolia T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 19 (1863) ;
Burkill, I.e., p. 25.

Var. a. auriculata S. Moore, I.e., p. 195.

HUILLA. — An erect, branched, perennial, rather rigid herb ; stems
several, l£ to 2 ft. high ; leaves coriaceous, deep green ; calyx shortly
cupuliform, irregularly denticulate, bibracteolate ; corolla handsome,
campanulate-infundibuliform, i-1 in. long, deep blue ; the tube orange
in colour, thickened ; the throat inflated ; the limb sub-bilabiate, 5-clef t,
spreading ; the lobes obtuse ; stamens 4, but little didynamous ; anthers
2-celled ; the equal cells obtuse and densely bearded at the base, con-
nately mucronate at the apex ; filaments dilated at the apex ; stigma
funnel-shaped, dilated at the apex with a triangular margin ; seeds
hemispherical. Mostly in bushy sandy places about Lopollo, sparingly ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 to April 1860. No. 5011 and COLL. CARP. 828.

Var. ft. Isevis S. Moore, I.e.

GOLUXGO ALTO. — An erect, branched, glaucous-green, perennial
herb, 3 to 4 ft. high ; rhizome thickly woody ; stems numerous ;
leaves thinly coriaceous, somewhat fleshy, becoming rigid ; flowers very
handsome ; corolla-tube yellow outside and more intensely so inside :
the limb deep blue ; fruits II to H in. long. On the elevated rather
dry slopes of Sobato Quilombo-Qufacatubia, at Comahoge ; fr. and a
few fl. middle of July 1856. No. 5110.

AMBACA.— A branched, somewhat erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with
very handsome deep blue flowers resembling a Gloxinia. On
bushy muddy declivities to the east of Izanga, plentiful ; fl. Oct. 1856.
No. 5161.

Var. y. pallida S. Moore, Lc.

HUILLA.— In the wooded thickets of the Monino, rather rare : fl
and fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 5012. A perennial
herb, 1 to 2 ft. high ; stems numerous ; flowers handsome, blue •
fruit 1 m. long. In thickets near Lopollo, rare ; fr. Jan. 1860.
-COLL. CARP. 826.

10. T. hyalina S. Moore, I.e., p. 195 ; Burkill, I.e., p. 26.

PUNGO AXDONGO.— A perennial herb ; root tubercular-woody •
stems numerous, 1 to 2J ft. high ; flowers coppery purple, orange-
coloured inside and on the tube outside : unripe capsule about an inch
long. In rocky hilly places at the river Cuanza, near Sansamanda • fl
and young fr. 30 April 1857. No. 5164.

The following No. is 'incomplete and insufficient for specific

determination; see S. Moore, I.e., p. 196 :

PUXGO AXDOXGO.— Fruit solitary, shortly pedunculate: calyx-

Thunbergia] xciv. ACANTHACE.E. 805-

segments 10, narrowly lanceolate, TV to tV in. long, glabrous; seeds
solitary, -J- in. in diameter, umbilicate, with short adpressed papillae.
Between the presidium and Caghuy, in company with other Acanthaceae :
fr. Feb. 1857. No. 5218.

2. TUBIFLORA Gmelin, Syst. Nat. 2, i. pp. 19, 27 (1791).

Elytraria Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer. i. p. 8 (1803); Vahl, Enum. i,
p. 106 (1804) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PJ. ii. p. 1073.

1. T. caroliniensis Gmelin, I.e.

Justicia acaulis L. f. Suppl. PI. p. 84 (1781). Anonymos caro-
liniensis Walter, Fl. Carol, p. 60 (1788). Elytraria Vahliana
Mich., I.e., i. p. 9, t. 1. E. crenata Vahl, I.e. ; S. Moore in Journ.
Bot. 1880, p. 196 ; Burkill in Flor. Trop. Afr. v. p. 27 (1899).
E. lyrata and E. virgata Vahl, I.e. E. caroliniensis and E. indica
Pers. Syn. PI. i. p. 23 (1805). E. marginata Vahl ex P. Beauv.
Fl. Owar. ii. p. 58, t. 93, fig. 2 (1818). T. acaulis 0. Kuntzer
Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 500 (1891).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Habit of Plantago. Cungulungulo ; fl. Feb. 1855.
No. 5209. A low herb ; leaves membranous, bright green ; flowers
white ; calyx bibracteolate at the base, 4-clef t nearly to the base, the
top segment the broadest, the lateral ones narrow, the bottom one
deeply bifid ; ovary narrowly oblong, a little compressed ; style
filiform-subulate, stigmatose at the apex. In moist wooded, half-
shady places among the Queta mountains at the banks of the river
Coango, rather rare ; late fl. beginning of May 1856. No. 5157.
Quibolo ; fl. May 1856. No. 5210. A stemless herb, with the aspect
of Plantago major L., perennial or biennial ; rhizome horizontal,
rather thick ; leaves obovate-spathulate, on the margin almost entire
or sometimes rnncinate towards the base, dull green, membranous,,
much attenuate into the petiole ; flowers whitish. In the more-
elevated forests of Sobato Cabanga-Cacalungo, among the Cungulungulo
mountains ; fl. and few fr. middle of June 1856. No. 5156.

3. NELSONIA R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1073.

1. N. campestris R. Br. Prodr. p. 481 (1810); Burkill in Fl.
Trop. Afr. v. p. 28 (1899).

Justicia brunelloides Lam. Tabl. Encycl. i. p. 40 (1791). J.
canescens Lam., I.e., p. 41. J. origanoides, J. hirsuta, & J.
nummulariaifolia Vahl, Enum. i. p. 122 (1804). J, tomentosa and
J. lamifolia Roxb. Hort. Beng. p. 4 (1814) ; Wall. List, n. 2370
(1830). N. rotundifolia R. Br., I.e. N. hirsuta Roem. & Schult.
Syst. Veg. i. p. 172 (1817). N. nummularicefolia & N. origanoides
Roem. & Schult., I.e., p. 173. N. albicans H. B. & K. Nov. Gen.
ii. p. 234 (1817). N. lamiifolia R. Br. ex Spreng. Syst. Veg. i.
p. 42 (1825). N. canescens Spr., I.e. N. tomentosa A. Dietr. Sp.
PI. i. p. 419 (1831); S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 196. £T.
brunellodes O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 493 (1891).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A quite prostrate herb, only the spikes of pale
blue flowers erect. In the arimo of Senhor Mariano on the right
bank of the river Cuango, sparingly in plots formerly cultivated ; fl.
and fr. Dec. 1854. No. 5217. Habit of Prunella ; spikes very dense,
whitish shaggy, soft and limp in the living state ; flowers small,

806 xciv. ACAXTHACE*:. [Jfelsonia

caducous. In damp shady parts of pate t groves on t the^eft gbank of
the river Cuaneo, rather rare ; fl. and fr. July 1855. -No. Wlb. A
low prostrate herb ; branches often rooting at the nodes, the flowering
branches suberect; leaves membranous, sordid-green above paler
beneath ; flowers densely clustered in terminal heads, very abundant ;
.calyx 4-partite down to the base, two of the segments broader than
the rest one of the two bifid at the apex : corolla violet-blue, bilabiate,
the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed, all the lobes emargmate
.or toothed at the apex ; the upper lip a little shorter than the lower,
saccate-gibbous behind at the base ; corolla-tube rather compressed,
whitish but little curved, pilose only at the throat about the insertion
of the two very short stamens ; anthers white, semilunar, attached at
the hollow, touching each other on the sides ; pollen white ; ovary
sessile ovoid-oblong ; style filiform, smooth ; stigma somewhat bilobed ;
capsule ovoid-conical, woody-beaked at the apex. In shady places at
the stream Cuango ; few fl. April 1856, and afterwards cultivated in
Welwitsch's Golungo garden. No. 5212. At the bank of the river
•Cuango- fl. June 1856. No. 5213. In marshy woody pkces at
Catomba by the Luinha ; fl. and fr. July 1856. No. 5214. At the
river Cuango, near Quibolo ; fl. and fr. July 1856. No. 5215-

4. HIEENIA S. Moore in Journ. Bot. (1880) p. 196, t. 211 ;
Lindau in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 36., p. 288 ; Burkill «k
<C. B. 01. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 5 (1899).

There seems to me to be no sufficient reason to doubt the correct-
ness of the position, as assigned by the author of the genus, namely,
in the tribe Nelsonieee.

1. H. angolensis S. Moore, I.e., p. 197.

BUMBO.— A rigid, viscid shrublet, much branched in a broomlike
manner ; flowers blue. In open forests composed of Copaiba Mopane
O. Kuntze (Welw. herb. no. 605), near Quitibe de Cima, very plentiful ;
fl. and fr. June 1860. No. 5001.

5. HYGROPHILA R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1075.
Nomaphila Blume; Benth. «Jb Hook, f., I.e.

1. H. uliginosa S. Moore in Journ. Bot. (1880) p. 197 ; Burkill
in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 32 (1899).

PUNTGO ANDOXGO. — Flowers violet-purple. In swampy places at the
river Lombe and near Bumba ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 5106.

2. H. linearis Burkill, I.e., p. 35.

HOLLA. — A herb with the habit almost of a Gratiola, apparently
•annual ; stems slender, tetragonal, here and there rooting at the nodes,
ascending ; leaves opposite, narrowly linear-lanceolate or eublinear,
spreading ; calyx deeply 5-clef t ; the lobes linear, acuminate ; corolla
violet in colour, puberulous outside, bilabiate, the upper lip emarginate,
the lower 3-lobed ; stamens 4, inserted on the posterior lip, included,
two of them sterile, with their filaments capitellate at the apex and
shorter than those of the fertile ones ; anthers of the fertile stamens
cordate-ovoid, attached at the sinus, 2-celled, the cells at length so
arched that the anthers become almost horseshoe-shaped ; ovary elon-
gated, 2-celled ; style long, filiform : stigma bilobed, the lobes more
or less cylindrical, and one of them not rarely obsolete or much shorter
than the other , capsule elongate-cylindrical, subcompressed, 2-celled,

ffygrophila] xciv. ACANTHACE^E. 807

bivalved, the cells several-seeded ; seeds erect-spreading, placed in two
rows at the placenta in each cell, rather large in proportion to the size
of the plant. By the wet sides of streams between Nene and Ohai,
rather rare ; fl. and fr. middle of May 1860. No. 5772.

6. BBILLANTAISIA Pal. Beauv. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PL ii. p. 1076.

1. B. Lamium Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 477 (1849) ; Burkill
in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 38 (1899).

Leucorhaphis Lamium Nees in DC. Prodi-, xi. p. 97 (1847).

PRINCE'S ISLAND.— Herbaceous, 1 to 2 ft. high ; stems erect or
ascending; flowers deep blue. In moist exposed woody situations,
almost everywhere ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 5205.

2. B. patula T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 21 (1863);
Burkill, I.e., p. 41.

B. alala T. And. ex Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 125,
t. 124 (1875).

Var. Welwitschii Burkill, I.e., p. 42.

B. alata S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 197.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A gigantic herb, 5 ft. high and more ; stem
straight, acutely angular, branched in the upper part ; flowers deep
blue, resembling those of a Salvia. By the streams Cuango and
Quibolo, plentiful ; fl. July, fr. Aug. and Sept. 1856. No. 5182. A
herb of 5 to 7 ft., with handsome azure-blue flowers. By the Quiapoze
and Cuango streams, near Sange, not abundant ; in fl. No. 5149. No
notes. In fl. and fr. No. 5150.

CAZENGO.— Flowers thyrsoid, blue. Muxaulo ; fr. June 1855.
COLL. CARP. 834.

7. DYSCHORISTE Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar.iii. p. 75 (1832).

Cellophanes D. Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard., ser. 2, ii. n. 181
.(March 1833) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1077.

1. D. radicans Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 106 (1847); 0. B. Cl.
in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 73 (1899).

Ruellia radicans Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, i. nn. 17, 177;
non Lindau. Caloplianes radicans T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc.
vii. p. 23 (1863); S. Moore in Journ. Bot. (1880) p. 197, partly.

PUNGO AXDOXGO. — A shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; the numerous stems
and branches ascending-erect and almost forming thick clumps ; flowers
pale sulphur in colour, subaromatic, much frequented by bees ; calyx
equally 5-cleft ; corolla bilabiate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes
shortly incised at the somewhat obtuse apex, the middle lobe sprinkled
with black-purple dots, the upper lip more deeply bilobed, its lobes
somewhat obtuse, the tube straight and cylindrical ; stamens 4, all
fertile, exserted ; filaments inserted a little below the throat of the
corolla ; ovary elongate-ovoid, almost cylindrical, subsessile, i nserted
on the thick orange-coloured disk at the bottom of the calyx, 2 celled ;
ovules few, perhaps 3 or 4 in each cell ; nearly ripe seeds compressedly
ovoid, emarginate at the base, cordiform ; style filiform, bifid at the
apex. On the bushy slopes of the gigantic rocks of the presidium,

808

xciv. ACANTHACE*:. [Dyschvriste

ringentTastImerns ^didynamous In herbaceous places near Lopollo ;
fl. Ind fr. 12 Feb. 1860. No. 5046.

2. D. mutica C. B. 01., I.e., p. 73.

Calophanes radicam, var. mutica S. Moore, I.e., p. ISHJ.

PuNGoANDOXGO.-Halfafoothigh. In fr. No. 5089. In fl. and
fr No. 5094. A herblet, 5 to 8 in. high ; flowers whitish In
hilly rather dry places near Condo, very rare ; fl. March 1857. Only
Koyspecimensyfound, doubtfully referred to this species. NaSOSS.
Plant 7 in. high; leaves ranging up to If in. long^ Doubtful.
No. 5082. Plant 7 in. high. In fl. Doubtful. No. 5166.

3. D. tubicalyx C. B. 01., I.e., p. 74.
Cellophanes radicam S. Moore, I.e., p. 197, partly.

HUILLA —Flowers whitish. In the drier elevated thickets of Em-
palanca ; fl. April 1860. No. 5055.

4. D. nobilior C. B. 01., I.e.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In wooded shady rocky places between Candumba
and Calundo, in company with a Bambusacea (cf. O-rytenanthera
abyssinica Munro; cf Welw. herb. no. 1134); fr. March 1857.

Mr. Clarke quotes No. 5158 also for this species, but its habit seems
to agree better with D. radicans to which I have referred it.

8. RTJELLIA Plum., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1077.

1. R. patula Jacq. Misc. ii. p. 358 (1781); C. B. Clarke in Fl.
Trop. Afr. v. p. 45.

LOANDA. — An undershrub, 1 to 1£ ft. high, branched from the base ;
branches becoming woody at the base ; flowers violet-blue, £ in. long ;
corolla-limb 5 cleft, with obtuse lobes ; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted
below the corolla-throat where the tube begins to widen, included ;
anthers oblong, white, dorsifixed, 2-celled, the cells somewhat diverging
at the base ; style filiform ; stigma after the flowering dilated. In
hilly sandy places near Maianga do Povo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1858. No.
5127- A plant of 2 ft., sometimes biennial, sometimes lasting for
several years ; flowers white. In dry bushy stony places near Teba
and Boa Vista, rare ; fl. and fr. beginning of June 1858. No. 5186-
A decumbent herb, with ascending branches, i to 1 ft. high, ap-
parently annual ; two specimens in fr. No. 5139- No notes ; in fr.
Nos. 5069, 5121. A shrublet, almost an undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high ;
flowers from purplish to bluish. In hilly bushy places near Boa Vista ;
fr. Dec. 1857 and Jan. 1858. COLL. CARP. 831.

2. R. prostrata Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. vi. p. 349 (1804);
C. B. 01., l.c., p. 46.

LOANDA. — No notes. In fr. No. 5063, partly.

Mr. Clarke, /.--., thinks that this is not the plant so named in the
Encyclopedic, because the calyx is there described as short ; he refers
that plant to R. patula Jacq., and calls this one R. prostrata T. And.
in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 24 (1863). A synonym is R. Wightiana
Wall. List n. 2397 (1830), and ex Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 124 (1847).

Ruellia\ xciv. ACANTHACE.E. 809*

3. R. bignoniseflora S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 198 ; C. B.
Cl., I.e., p. 48.

Dischistocalyx bignoniiflomis Lindau in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam.
iv. 36., p. 307 (1895).

AMBRIZ.— In thickets near Banza do Regulo Quisembo, sparingly -
with the corollas fallen, end of Nov. 1853. No. 5126.

LOANDA. — A glandular-viscid undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, with
white flowers. In rocky places at Praia de Zamba Grande, plentiful -T
fl. and fr. 16 Jan. 1859. No. 5202. No notes. In fr. No. 5083, partly.
Corolla nearly 4 in. long, with an elongated trumpet-shaped tube.
No. 5130- Suffruticose, the whole plant emitting a goatish smell ; stem
beset with whitish hairs : flowers large, white. In thickets near Boa
Vista ; fr. March 1854. Probably this species. COLL. CARP. 829.

The following description taken from Welwitsch's MSS. pro-
bably belongs to Ruellia bignoniceflora S. Moore : —

LOANDA. — An erect, branched undershrub or shrublet, remarkable
for its goatish smell ; stems whitish, woody : branches herbaceous, as
well as the leaves beset with stalked densely crowded viscid rank-fetid
glands ; flowers white, solitary in the axils of the leaves, erect-spread-
ing, quickly withering ; calyx deeply 5-clef t, divided to the base ; the-
segments equal, elongated, linear-lanceolate, erect, beset on the back
with glandular hairs, ciliate on the margin with longer glandless hairs ;
corolla tubular, somewhat funnel-shaped ; the tube long, shortly pilose
outside, glabrous within, cylindrical nearly throughout its whole
length, the limb subequally 5-clef t, the lobes during the flowering sub-
bilabiately spreading ; stamens 4, didynamous, inserted a little below
the corolla-throat, included ; filaments cylindrical, somewhat pilose ;
anthers linear-oblong, whitish, bifid at the base, attached at the back
near the emargination, bilocular ; the cells parallel, muticous ; ovary
ovoid-conical, sessile in the centre of the thick white turgid disk,
bilocular : the cells 4-ovulate ; the ovules ascending, reniform ; style
long, a little exceeding the stamens, filiform ; stigma bifid ; the lobes-
unequal in length, stigmatose on the inner side. In dry plantations of
Euphorbia, also in hilly bushy places near Boa Vista, plentiful ; fl. from
November to March. Distinguished from all other Angolan Acanthaceae
by its long tubular flowers, coupled with its rank goatish smell.

4. R. diversifolia S. Moore, I.e., p. 198 ; C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 48.
MOSSAMEDES. — A suffrutescent herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, clothed with

white goatish-fetid glands and hairs ; stems numerous ; flowers white.
On rocks of red sandstone at Boca do Rio Bero, only in a few places ;
fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5042.

BUMBO. — Corolla whitish with a flesh-coloured tube. At the out-
skirts of thickets and in dense thickets near Bumbo ; fl. and fr. Oct.
1859. No. 5033.

As to whether this species should be referred to the genus Paulo-
wilhelmia, see Lindau in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 36 p. 301 (1895).
The pollen is globose, nodulose, not prickly.

9. PETALIDIUM Nees; Benth. & Hook.f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1081.

1. P. physaloides S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, pp. 225, 228,
tab. 212, fig. 2 ; C. B. Cl. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 89.

Pseudobarleria physaloides Lindau in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam.
iv. 36, p. 299 (1895).

g10 xciv. ACANTHACE^:. [Petalidium

MOSSAMEDES.— Corolla orange-scarlet. In the thickets of the
•elevated mountains between Pomangala and Quitibe, plentiful ; H. and
fr. June 1860. No. 5000.

2. P. Welwitschii S. Moore, I.e., pp. 227, 228, tab. 212, fig. 1 ;
C. B. CL, I.e., p. 89.

Pseudobarleria Welwitschii Lindau, I.e., p. 300.

MOSSAMEDES.— Flowers blue. On rocky heights on the left bank of
the river Maiombo near Pao, tolerably abundant ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1869
and June 1860. No. 5041.

3. P. halimoides S. Moore, I.e., p. 228 ; C. B. CL, I.e., p. 90.
Barkria halimoides Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 231 (1847). P.

loranthifolium S. Moore, I.e., p. 227. Pseudobwkria halimoides
and Ps. loranthifolium Lindau, I.e., p. 300.

MOSSAMEDES. — A prostrate, perennial undershrub ; stems numerous,
hard, rigid ; leaves somewhat fleshy, in shape like those of Lysimachia
nummularia L. ; flowers carmine. On the rocky plateau between S.
Joao de Caroca and Cazimba ; fl. and fr. 3 Sept. 1859. No. 4997-

4. P. glandulosum S. Moore, I.e., pp. 22G, 228 ; C. B. CL, I.e.,
p. 91.

Pseudobarleria glandidosa Lindau, I.e., p. 299.

BENGUELLA.— A shrublet, after the fashion of a Mimulus. In sandy
thickets near Benguella ; fl. June 1859. This plant was the host of
Loranihus Buchneri Engl. (Welw. herb. n. 4854, which is a larger and
stronger pknt than its host). No. 5047.

5. P. spinifernm C. B. CL, I.e., p. 91.
P. sp. n., S. Moore, I.e., p. 228.
Var. obtusa C. B. CL, I.e.

MOSSAMEDES.— Flowers from whitish to violet in colour. In shrubby
places near Pomangala, not common : fl. June 1860. No. 4998.
See S. Moore, I.e.

6. P. rupestre S. Moore, I.e., pp. 226, 228; C.B. CL, l.c., p. 92.
Pseudobarleria rupestre Lindau, I.e., p. 300.
MOSSAMEDES.— A very densely branched ahrublet, 2 to 3 ft. high,

very viscid on all parts ; flowers whitish-rosy or white with purple
lines. By red sandstone rocks near Boca do Rio Bero, not uncommon ;
fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5022.

7. P. Lepidagathis S. Moore, I.e., pp. 227, 228; C. B. CL, I.e.,
p. 93.

Pseudobarleria, Lepidagathis Lindau, Z.c., p. 300.

MOSSAMEDES.— A perennial herb, a foot and a half high, much
branched from the base ; root woody ; stems and branches prostrate-
ascending, leafy towards the apex ; leaves opposite : flower-clusters
strobiliform ; corolla carmine or dusky red, lasting a long time. At
the red sandstone rocks near Boca do Rio Bero, very plentiful ; fl. and
fr. July 1859. No. 5007. Serra de Montes negros ; fl. 10 Aug. 1859.
No. 5020.

8. P. coccineum S. Moore, I.e., pp. 225, 228 ; C. B. OL, l.c., p. 93.
Pseudobarleria coccinea Lindau, I.e., p. 299.
MOSSAMEDES.— A branched, decumbent-ascending shrublet ; leaves

Petalidium] xciv. ACANTHACEJE. 811

deep green, somewhat viscid ; flowers scarlet. In rough mountainous
places on a mica-schist formation, at the river Maiombo, near Poman-
gala ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 5017. In shrubby places in the same neigh-
bourhood ; fl. June 1860. No. 5018.

10. MICRANTHUS Wendl. Bot. Beob. p. 38 (1798) ; non Pers.
(1805) (sect. Gladioli).

Phaylopsis Willd. Sp. PI. iii. p. 342 (1801) ; Benth. & Hook. f.
Gen. PI. ii. p. 1081. Phaulopsis Spreng. Anl. ii. 1, p. 422 (1817).

1. M. angolanus 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 493 (1891).
Phaylopsis angolana S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1800, p. 229 ;

C. B. Cl. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 84.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A herb ; stein rooting at the lower nodes, flexuous ;
flowers white. In bushy places among the mountains of the eastern
Queta at Catomba ; fl. beginning of July 1856. No. 5175.

The following No. must be compared with M. angolanus : —
ZENZA DO GOLUNGO. — A herb, annual, straight, viscid. In dry hilly

bushy places near Calumguembo ; fr. without leaves Sept. 1854.

No. 5U6.

2. M. obliquus O. Kuntze, I.e.

Phaylopsis obliqua T. And. ex S. Moore, I.e. ; 0. B. CL, I.e.,
p. 86. Phaulopsis obliquus Linclau in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam.,
Nachtrag, p. 305 (1897).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An annual herb ; stem ascending ; branches
twisted ; flowers white. In secondary thickets at the outskirts of
the forest near the river Delamboa ; fr. and few fl. June and July
1856. No. 5115.

11. WHITFIELDIA Hook. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1085.

1. W. longifolia T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 27 (1863),
partly ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1800, p. 229 (longiflora), partly,
C. B. Cl. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 66.

CAZENGO.— In the primitive forests of Muxaulo : fl. June 1855.
No. 5152.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — Branches patent. Fl. No. $086. No notes.
Fl. No. 5193. Branched, apparently several feet high ; flowering
spikes erect or scarcely so ; fl.-bud. No. 5077.

2. W. subviridis C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 66.
W. longiflora S. Moore, I.e. , partly.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A shrub as tall as a man ; flowers and calyx
brilliantly white, very handsome. In elevated shady places at the
cataracts of the Capopa stream, in Sobato de Bumba, not common ; fl.
end of August 1855. No. 5151. No notes. Fl.-bud. Probably this
species. No. 5153.

12. BLEPHARIS Juss. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1089.

1. B. boerhaviaefolia Pers. Syn. PI. ii. p. 180 (1807); S. Moore
in Journ. Bot. (1880) p. 230, C. B. Cl. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 96
(boerhaavicpfolid),

LOAN DA.— No notes. Fl. and fr. Nos. 5129, 5199.

g!2 xciv. ACAXTHACE2E. [Jilepharis

HUILLA.— Flowers from whitish to slightly violet in colour. In
sandy thickets flooded in the rainy season, between Lopollo and Erne,
sparingly ; fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 6054.

2. B. cuanzensis Welw. ex S. Moore, I.e., p. 230, excl. var. ;
C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 97, excl. var.

PUNGO ANDOXGO.— A perennial herb ; stem procumbent, elongated,
branched ; leaves coriaceous, rigid : flowers deep yellow. In wooded
open rocky places close to the banks of the river Cuanza, near Mopopo,
etc. ; fl. 1 May 1857. No. 5101.

3. B. leptophylla Hiern.

B. cuanzensis, var. leptophylla S. Moore, I.e. ; C. B. Cl., I.e.

HUILLA. — In sandy forests of Parinari Mobola (Welw. herb. no. 1282)
between Lopollo and Erne ; fl. Feb. 18GO. No. 5030- Flowers deep
blue. In open mountainous thickets from the lake Ivantala towards
Quilengues ; only two specimens ; fl. end of Feb. I860. No. 5053. A
perennial herb ; stems prostrate ; leaves verticillate in fours, unequal
in length, linear, somewhat rigid, all directed upwards ; flowers hand-
some, deep blue ; calyx 4-partite, two of the segments larger than the
lateral ones, the front one entire, the back one bifid at the apex ;
corolla unilabiate, the lip emarginate with a ligule in the notch, the
throat deeply bisulcate with three elevated cartilaginous tufts, 2- to
3-dentate or simply emarginate behind ; stamens very slightly didyna-
mous ; filaments cartilaginous, the lower ones dilated and bearing an
anther which is obtuse at the apex and laterally stipitate, the upper
ones gradually narrowed with the anther adnate at the apex ; anthers
all apparently 1 -celled, bearded-cilia te ; pollen yellow, viscid, ovoid-
oblong, somewhat nodulose. In hot wooded and bushy sandy places
between Lopollo and Catumba, plentiful ; fl. March 1860. No. 5056.

4. B. glumacea S. Moore, I.e., p. 232 ; C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 97.
HUILLA.— Flowers blue. In open sterile sandy forests by the road

between Catumba and Ohay, in company with Scabiosa Columbaria L.
(Welw. herb. nos. 520, 521), seen nowhere else ; fl. end of April 1860.
No. 5052.

5. B. Welwitschii S. Moore, I.e., p. 231 ; C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 99.
HUILLA.— A perennial suffrutescent herb ; root thick, woody ; stems

several, prostrate ; corolla bright blue. In wooded sandy pastures
among short grasses in the Lopollo country, not at all plentiful and
observed only in the southern part of the district: fl. May 1860.
No. 5031.

6. B. linariaefolia Pers., I.e. • C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 100.
Acanthodium hirtum Hochst., var. B, Nees in DC Prodr xi

p. 274 (1847).

MossAMEDEs._An annual herb, 1 to 5 in. high ; stems numerous,
ascending ; leaves linear ; flowers violet-blue, arranged in spiny strobili-
tonn spikes. On red sandstone rocks near Boca do Rio Bero • the last
iTSS? 9peCimeDS ; fl' end of Julv 1859' Doubtfully referred here.

Apparently by some mistake No. 2014 is quoted by C. B. Clarke,
I.e., tor this species; but compare No. 5014 under B. divawpina,
post n. y. Ihe following Acanthacea, without No. in the study
set, perhaps belongs here :—

Mepharis] xciv. ACANTHACE.E. 813

BEXGUEL.LA. — Annual herb ; stem and linear leaves whitish-glaucous ;
flowers unilabiate, pale cyaneous. At Benguella ; fl. June 1859.

7. B. Buchneri Lindau in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 30 (1894) ;
C. B. 01., I.e., p. 101.

B. acanthodioides S. Moore, I.e., pp. 229, 393, partly; non
Klotzsch in Peters, Mossamb. Bot. p. 212 (1861).

AMBACA. — Annual. In dry hilly places on the left bank of the river
Caringa, very rare ; fr. June 1855. No. 5163.

PUXGO ANDONGO. — About a foot high ; leaves from oval-oblong to
•elongate-lanceolate, ranging up to 6 in. long by an inch broad. A young
plant without fl. Feb. 1 857 ; probably this species. No. 5219. An
annual herb, sometimes simple 1 to 2 ft. high, sometimes much
branched 2 to 4 ft. high ; flowers large, blue, very ornamental. In
pastures and in the more sparingly grassy meadows, tolerably plentiful,
especially fine at the banks of streams ; by the Catete river : fl. May 1857.
No. 5174. At Canandula ; fl. end of May 1857. No. 5112. Leaves
ranging up to 4| in. long. Infl. No. 5080. No notes. In fl. No. 5096.

HUILLA. — Flowers bright blue, almost azure-blue. In thickets at
the outskirts of the Monino forests, sparingly ; fl. April 1860. No. 5061.

8. B. noli-me-tangere S. Moore, I.e., p. 231 ; C. B. 01., I.e., p. 103.
MOSSAMEDES. — A much branched shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; branches

divaricate, tortuous, very hardly elastic, virgate-ascending ; bark
whitish ; leaves unequal on the same plant ; flowers azure-blue. In
gravelly bushy places in little woods composed of Tamarix orientalis
Forsk. (Welw. herb. no. 1086) and a species of Cordia (cf . Welw. herb,
no. 4781), on the right bank of the river Maiombo, between Pedra de
Sal and the river ; late fl. Oct. 1859. No. 5045.

9. B. diversispina C. B. 01., I.e., p. 104.

Acanthodium diversispinum Nees, I.e., p. 275. Blepharis sp. n.,
S. Moore, I.e., p. 232.

MOSSAMEDES. — Flowers clear blue. In very dry places on a sandy
clay soil near Caldeira do inferno ; very late fl. and young f r. June 1860.
No. 5014 (2014, by error, in Herb. Kew. ; compare note under B.
linaricK/olia, ante n. 6). An annual herb, scarcely ^ ft. high, branched
from the base, glaucous and brittle throughout ; leaves linear ; flowers
crowded in fir-cone shaped clusters at the base of the stems, pale blue.
In the sandy rocky parts of Boca do Rio Bero ; fl. end of July 1859.
No. 5021.

Var. /?. furcata.

A. diversispinum, var. (3, Nees, I.e. B. edulis, var., S. Moore,
l.c., p. 229.

MOSSAMEDES. — A prostrate, annual or biennial herb, much branched
from the base ; flowers unilabiate, pale blue, almost like those of an
Acanthus. In sandy places at the mouth of the river Bero, at Saco de
•Giraul, rather rare; fl. July 1859. No. 5019.

13. ACANTHUS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 1090.

1. A. montanus T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 37 (1863) ;
S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 232 ; C. B. 01. in Fl. Trop. Afr,
v. p. 107 (1899).

Cheilojjsis montana Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 272 (1847).

g!4 xciv. ACANTHACRE. [Acanthus

PUNGO ANDONGO.— An evergreen branched undershrub, 3 to 4 ft.
high woody at the base ; flowers whitish, marked with purple lines.
In the rocky parts of Pedra Cabondo, forming thickets, seen nowhere
else ; fl. May 1857. Nos. 5076, 5167.

14. PSEUDOBLEPHAKIS Baill. in Bull. Men*. Soc. Linn.
Paris, ii. p. 837 (1890).

1. P. nitida Lindau in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3b, p. 319
(1895).

Acanthus nitidus S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 232.
Sderochiton nitidus C. B. 01. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 110.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A small tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ; leaves ranging
up nearly a foot long by 3 in. broad ; calyx dialysepalous, imbricate ;
corolla white-violet in colour, unilabiate, quite entire and barbulate
on the margin behind ; lip anterior and 5-dentate ; stamens 4 ; anthers
1 -celled bearded. In the wooded parts of Barranco de Songue ; fl.
May 1857. Nos. 5100, 5087

15. BARLERIA Plum.,L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1091.

1. B. Prionitis L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 636 (1753); S. Moore in
Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 265 ; C. B. Cl. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 144.

AMBRIZ.— In fl.-bud. No. 5141.

LOANDA. — A shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, much branched from the base ;
stem and older branches whitish : shoots and thinly coriaceous leaves
glaucous-green ; flowers of a fine orange colour : calyx 4-partite,
bibracteate at the base, the front and back segments longer than the
lateral ones and a little shorter than the corolla-tube ; corolla bilabiate,
5-cleft, the tube but little curved upwards, the four lobes which form
the lower lip deflected, the fifth lobe which forms the upper lip rather
erect and a little shorter ; stamens 4, two of them abortive and included
in the lower lip of the corolla, the other two fertile and exserted beyond
the upper lip ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, subsagittate at the base ; style
exserted ; stigma elongate-cylindrical. In hilly maritime places about
Loanda, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853 and Oct. 1857. No. 513a At
Maianga ; fl. Feb. 1858. No. 5190. Fl. U in. long. No. 5067. A
glaucous-pruinose shrub, 2 ft. high ; flowers very abundant, of a fine
orange colour. In Morro das Lagostas ; fr. Aug. 1854. COLL. CARP. 119.

This is the Acanthacea mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons.
Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May 1856), p. 250, n. 119.

2. B. grandicalyx Lindau in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 25 (1894) ;
C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 149.

Var. vix-dentata C. B. Cl., I.e. B. Kirkii S. Moore, I.e., p. 265 ;
non T. And.

HUILLA.— Flowers pale blue. In thickets of forests composed of
Parinari Mabola (Welw. herb. no. 1282), between Lopollo and
Catumba ; fl. March 1860. No. 5048.

3. B. Marlothii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. x. p. 262 (9 Oct. 1888) ;
C. B. Cl., l.c., p. 151.

E. sp. nov. ? aff. JL acanthoidi Vahl, S. Moore, I.e., p. 270.

MOSSAMEDES.— A very gloomy, suffrutescent, perennial herb, radi-
ately branched from the base ; stems slender, somewhat woody ; leave*
rigid, somewhat fleshy. In rocky places at the base of Serra de Montes
negros, rather rare ; fr. 10 Aug. 1859. No. 5024. A very rigid, elastic

Barkria\ xciv. ACANTHACE^E. 815

shrublet ; flower azure-blue, H in. long. In a very dry rocky part of
Caldeira do inferno ; only one specimen with fr. and a single fl. June
1860. No. 5013. A rigid shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; flowers bright
blue. At Caldeira do inferno ; fr. June 1860. COLL. CARP. 838.

4. B. elegans S. Moore, I.e., p. 269; C. B. 01., I.e., p. 154.

B. pungens ; var. macrophylla Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 237"
(1847), fide S. Moore, I.e. ; non L.

LOANDA. — An undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, subscandent among
shrubs, ornamental but injurious to them ; leaves in the living state
deep green, membranous ; corolla deep blue. By thickets in the
hilly parts of the district, very plentiful ; fl. May and June 1858.
No. 5187. In fl. and fr. No. 5068. A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high ;
flowers very abundant ; calyx spiny-ciliate ; corolla beautifully blue.
At Zamba grande ; fr. August 1854. COLL. CARP. 120.

CAZENGO. — A rigid herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, woody at the base, some-
times ascending, sometimes erect, usually very much branched at the
base ; flowers of a pretty blue. In the denser thickets about the
Muxaulo chain of mountains, tolerably plentiful ; fl. June 1855.
No. 5114.

BUMBO. — In the drier thickets among tall herbs between Bumbo and
Bruco ; fr. Oct. 1859. Nos. 5034, 5122.

This is the Acanthacea mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons.
Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May 1856), p. 250, n. 120.

5. B. Carruthersiana S. Moore, I.e., p. 270 ; C. B. 01., I.e., p. 154.
BUMBO. — Flowers blue. In thickets at the outskirts of forests

composed of Copaiba Mopane O. Kuntze (Welw. herb. no. 605), near
Quitibe de Cima ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 5040-

6. B. polyneura S. Moore, I.e., p. 266 ; C. B. 01., I.e., p. 157.
HUILLA. — A perennial herb ; rootstock woody ; stems numerous,

prostrate-ascending, puberulous ; leaves subsessile, ovate, rigidly
chartaceous, quite entire, bright green, the uppermost ones glaucescent ;
corolla white, the tube purplish. In sunny rocky forests between the
lake Ivantala and Quilengues ; fl. and young fr. 28 and 29 Febr. I860-.
No. 5029.

7. B. violascens S. Moore, I.e., p. 265 ; C. B. 01., I.e., p. 158.
HUILLA. — A perennial herb, with the habit of an Iporncea ; stems

several, subangular, prostrate-ascending, rubicund, leafy ; leaves
glaucescent, erect, somewhat fleshy and rigid ; flowers solitary in the
axils of opposite leaves, shortly pedicellate, H in. long ; calyx
4-bracteolate at the base, diphyllous, the segments elongated ovate-
lanceolate and acute ; the two lower bracteoles linear, the two upper
ones broadly ovate ; corolla hypogynous, funnel-shaped or cylindrical-
tubular, milk-white ; the tube bright violet-purple both outside and
inside ; the limb deeply 5.cleft ; the lobes obtuse, subequal ; stamens 4,
inserted a little above the base of the corolla tube, 2 of them quite
rudimentary and without filaments, the filaments of the other 2:
ascending, naked ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, quite naked, violet in
colour ; the cells somewhat diverging at the base, dehiscing longi-
tudinally, both exactly equal ; disk cupuliform, repand ; ovary 2-celled;
ovules 2 in each cell ; style simple, whitish ; stigma unequally
bilabiate, scarcely perforated, pale violet in colour, reflected at the
early flowering ; capsule globose-compressed at the base, 2-celled,
narrowed towards the apex into a conical beak ; seeds 2. In elevated

316 xciv. ACANTHACE.I:. [Barlcrio,

thickets in Morro de Lopollo, at 5000 to 5300 ft. alt plentiful ; fl.
and fr. 17 Feb. 1860. No. 5028- Corolla like that of a Convolvulus
or Ipomxa, whitish with a strain of violet-blue. In the dry forests of
Pannari Mobola, towards Erne ; fl. April 1860. No. 5016.

8. B. obtusisepala C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 158.

B. sp. nov. aff. B. salicifolice 8. Moore, I.e., p. 270.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A perennial, erect herb, becoming rigid
throughout ; rootstock thick, woody : flowers rather large, funnel-
shaped whitish with something of a violet strain. In wooded
thickets between Mangue and Calunda ; fl. March 1857. No. 5162.

9. B. Welwitschii S. Moore, I.e., p. 267 ; C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 158.
PUNGO ANDONGO. — Leaves membranous ; flowers milk-white. In

rocky bushy places between Lombe and Quibinde ; fl. 9 March 1857.
No. 5091.

10. B. lancifolia T. Anders, in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 28
(4 March 1863).

B. alata S. Moore, I.e., p. 266 ; C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 158.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A deep green shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves thinly
coriaceous ; flowers milk-white, almost bluish. In primitive forests
in the Queta chain of mountains, sporadic ; fl. beginning of June
1856. No. 5147. A perennial herb ; rhizome woody, creeping ;
flowers milk-white varying to violet-blue. In the shady Queta
forests; fl. end of June 1856. No. 5148. Flowers white, like those
of a Thunbergid. Among the Queta mountains; fl. July 1856.
No. 5169.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A suffruticose herb, branched, at the base
woody and a finger thick ; stem and purplish branches nodose,
decumbent-ascending over rocks ; flowers from whitish to pale violet
in colour ; calyx 4-partite, almost tetraphyllous, the front and back
segments much larger than the narrow and shorter lateral ones :
corolla-tube straight, the limb 5-clef t, the lobes obtuse ; perfect
stamens 2, inserted at the bottom of the corolla-tube, nearly included ;
anthers cordate-ovate, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscing ; ovary ovoid-
conical, girt at the base by the thin raised cup-shaped disk; style
filiform, relatively long, towards the apex gradually terminating in the
obtusejobsoletely bilobed usually simple stigma. In bushy rocky places
about Barrancos de Catete ; fl. and young fr. middle of May 1857.
Nos. 5195, 5194.

The following No. probably belongs to this species :—
CAZENGO.— Flower-buds about 2 together, subsessile in the terminal
axils. At Cambondo ; fl. -buds June 1855. No. 5072.

11. B. cyanea S. Moore, I.e., p. 2G5; C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 159.
BUMBO. — A decumbent-ascending, rigidly elastic shrublet with deep

blue flowers. In bushy sandy and rocky places near Quitibe de Cima;
fl. June 1860. No. 5002.

12. B. stellato-tomentosa S. Moore, I.e., p. 268 ; C. B. CL, I.e..
p. 161.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A suffrutescent herb : rootstock woody ; stems
3 or 4, erect; flowers violet-bluish; corolla U in. long, the tube
narrow, the limb an inch in diameter. In open thickets on a clay
soil near Lombe, not common ; fl. March 1857. Nos. 5165, 5095.

Barleria] xciv. ACANTHACE^:. 81 T

13. B. salicifolia S. Moore, I.e., p. 268 ; C. B. 01., I.e., p. 162.
LIBONGO. — A slender erect undershrub, 2 to 3£ ft. high, almost a

shrub ; stems numerous, as well as the branches hard and rigid ;
leaves lasting a long time, the younger ones somewhat rugose and
clothed with a yellowish felt ; flowers deep blue, an inch long. In
elevated little woods composed of Euphorbia (cf. E. Candelabrum
Welw. herb. n. 641), above the petroleum mine, plentiful ; fl. mostly
fallen, Sept. 1858. No. 5119- An erect, branched, rigid shrub,
3 to 4 ft. high ; tomentum of the younger leaves sulphur-coloured ;
flowers labiate, deep azure. In wooded mountainous places about the
petroleum mine ; fr. Sept. 1858 COLL. CARP. 833.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — About Lombe and Candumba ; in fl. No. 5102-
About Quibinde andCondo ; in fl.-bud. No. 5103.

This species is the Acanthacea referred to by Welw. Apontam.
p. 589. n. 70 (1859).

14. B. villosa S. Moore, Lc., p. 267 ; C.B. 01., I.e., p. 164.
GOLUNGO ALTO. — A subscandent herb, 4 ft. high ; corolla bluish i

two of the stamens elongated with anthers of a deep violet colour.
Among the eastern Queta mountains, fl. June 1856. No. 6071. A
perennial herb ; root woody ; stem 2 to 3 ft. high, the primary one
rather erect, the others ascending ; calyx tetraphyllous, two of the
segments lanceolate one of which is bifid at the apex, the other twa
linear ; corolla milk-bluish, the tube pale yellowish, the lobes of the
limb bluish, marked with violet lines inside ; stamens 5, two of them,
fully developed, the other three much shorter, one of these without
an anther and two with anthers much smaller than those of the
longer stamens but nevertheless polliniferous. In elevated bushy
rather dry places in Sobato de Quilombo ; fl. middle of July 1856.
No. 5070.

16. NEURACANTHUS Nees; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 1093.

1. N. decorns S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 307 (Oct.);
0. B. 01. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 138.

HUILLA. — A perennial herb, 10 to 18 in. high ; root rather thick ;
stems several, strictly erect ; leaves somewhat rigid, dark green above,
yellowish green beneath ; flowers spicate ; bracts with long cilia on
the margin ; calyx-lobes ciliate ; corolla ringent, whitish purple ; ovary
ellipsoidal, acuminate at both ends. In hilly rocky bushy places
between the great lake of IvantAla and Quilengues, rather rare ; fl.
end of Febr. 1860. No. 5057-

2. K. scaber S. Moore, I.e., p. 307 ; 0. B. 01., I.e., p. 138.
LOANDA. — A suffrutescent herb ; rootstock woody ; stems 6 to 15r

somewhat erect or ascending ; flowers from milk-white to very pale
bluish : corolla almost salver-shaped, the tube straight, the limb entire
plane-subconcave and nearly square. In the more elevated hilly parts-
of the district ; near Boa Vista ; fl. and fr. end of May 1858.
Nos. 5171, 5064, 5125, 5128.

17. ASYSTASIA Blume; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1094.
Intrusaria Rafin. Fl. Tellur. iv. p. 66 (1836).

1. A. coromandeliana Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. p. 89
(1832) ; 0. B. 01. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 131 (1899).

Jitsticia gangetica L. Cent. PI. alt. p. 3, n. 102 (2 June 1756).

53

818 xciv. ACANTHACEJE. [Asystasia

Ruellia secunda Vahl, Symb. Bot. ill p. 84 (1794). R. coro-
mandeliana Wall. List n. 2399 partly (1830). A. gangetica
T. And. in Thwaites, Enum. p. 235 (I860) ; S. Moore in Journ.
Bot. 1880, p. 308.

ICOLO E BENGO. — At Santo Antonio ; fr. Dec. 1853. No. 5170. In
palm groves at the river Bengo, sparingly ; fr. Dec. 1853. No. 5201.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— An ascending herb, a foot and a half high, with
whitish flowers. In bushy reed-beds ; fl. May 1856. No. 5196. In
fr. 1857. No. 5160. In fl. and fr. No. 5131.

HUILLA.— Flowers whitish violet in colour ; fruit scarcely an inch
long, -V in. broad. In the more open forests of the Monino ; fl. and
fr. Deer 1859. No. 5050.

PRINCE'S ISLAND.— In fl. Sept. 1853. No. 5206.

2. A. africana 0. B. CL, I.e., p. 134.
Isochoriste africana S. Moore, I.e., p. 309.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A diffuse herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with rosy flowers.
In wooded bushy places near Quilange ; fl. Febr. 1857. No. 5073. In
fr. No. 5078. In fl. No. 5079.

3. A. WelwitscMi S. Moore, I.e., p. 308, t. 213 ; C. B. CL, I.e.
p. 134. Of. Welw. Apontam. p. 591, n. 103 (1859).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A sparingly branched herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with
the aspect of a Mlmulus ; flowers whitish rosy. By thickets near
Cazella ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 5188. An erect or ascending herb, 2 to
4 ft. high ; rootstock woody : stems numerous ; flowers white or
rarely purplish. In thickets about the presidium, everywhere very
plentiful ; fl. and fr. Febr. 1857. No. 5105. A perennial herb, 3 ft.
high ; flowers spreading horizontally and somewhat drooping, in shape
almost like those of a Gladiolus, whitish rosy. In wooded thickets
near Pungo Andongo, plentiful ; fr. April 1857. Apparently this
species. COLL. CARP. 836. Herbaceous ; flowers white. At Cazella.
Apparently the same. COLL. CARP. 837.

HUILLA. — Flowers white. In bushy thickets near Lo polio, rather
rare ; fl. Nov. 1859. No. 5039.

The following No. possibly belongs to this genus, but it is
represented by a very poor specimen.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A decumbent herb, with white flowers. In
sandy wooded places near Mopopo and Sansamanda ; fl. Feb. 1857.
No. 5159.

18. PSETTDERANTHEMTTM Radlk. in Sitzber. Bayr. Akad. W.
xiii. p. 282 (1883).

Eranthemum R. Br. Prodr. p. 477 (1810) ; Benth. & Hook. f.
Gen. PI. ii. p. 1097 ; non L. (1753). Sip/ioneranthemum O. Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. PI. iii. 2, p. 122 (1898).

1. P. nigritianum Radlk., I.e., p. 286.

Eranthemum nigritianum T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii.
p. 51 (1863) ; S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 308 ; C. B. Cl.
in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 171.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— An erect or decumbent undershrub, slender, 1
to 2 ft. high, woody at the base ; leaves thinly coriaceous, somewhat
glossy, ranging up to 4£ in. long by l£ in. broad ; petioles ranging up

XCIV. ACANTHACE^E. 819

to | in. long ; flowers blue or deep violet-bluish. In the damp shady
primitive forest of Mata de Pungo in the presidium ; fl. May 1857.
Nos. 5177, 5192.

19. LEPIDAGATHIS Willd.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1101.

1. L. pallescens S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 308, C. B. 01.
in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 127.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A strictly erect herb, apparently perennial, with
whitish rosy flowers. In sandy places at the sides of forests near
Quitage, rather sparingly ; fl. March 1857. No. 5084.

2. L. scabra C. B. 01., I.e., p. 129.

Neuracanthus scaber Lindau in Engl. Pfl. Ost. Afr., C., p. 369
(1895), partly.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — Flower whitish. In the moist forest between
Candumba and Mangue near the river Molemba, in company with
a Bambusacea (cf. Oxytenanihera abyssinica Munro ; Welw. herb. no.
1134) : fl.-bud and only one fl. (not seen by me), March 1857.
No. 5104.

20. MONOTHECITJMHochst.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 11 04.
1. M. aristatum T. And. in Thwaites, Enum. PL Zeyl. p. 234

(I860); S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 309; C. B. CL in Fl.
Trop. Afr. v. p. 176.

Justicia aristata Wall. List, n. 2481 (1830) ; Nees in Wall. PL
As. Bar. iii. p. 115 (1832) ; non Vahl. Anthocometes aristatw
Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 312 (1847).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An erect herb ; rhizome woody ; leaves mem-
branous, bright green, much paler beneath ; flowers white, caducous.
In wooded places among the mountains of the western Queta above
N-delle, not uncommon ; fl. beginning of June 1856. Nos. 5155, 5198.
At Calomba on the Luinha ; fr. July 1856. No. 5134. A slender
undershrub, with rigid flexuous branches. In shady wooded places
close to the rivulet Quiapoza near Sange ; imperfect inflorescence
affected with a gall? Feb. 1856. Doubtfully referred here. No. 1228.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In fr. No. 5197.

21. BRACK YSTEPHANUS Nees ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL
ii. p. 1105.

1. B. oceidentalis Lindau in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 53 (16
Nov. 1894) ; C. B. 01. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 179.

ISLAND OP ST. THOMAS. — Leaves ranging up to 3 in. long by H in.
broad or rather broader ; inflorescence terminal, oblong, many-flowered,
rather dense, 2 in. long. On the coast in wooded places ; fl. Dec. 1860.
No. 5208.

22. JUSTICIA Houst., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p.
1108, excl. sect. Monechma.

1. J. nilgherrensis Wall. List, n. 2435 (1830), and ex Nees in
Wall. PL As. Bar. iii. p. 103 (1832) ; C. B. CL in Fl. Trop. Afr.
v. p. 185 (1899).

Adhatoda nilgherrensis Nees, I.e. A. nilgherrica Nees in DC.
Prodr. xi. p. 386 (1847). J. Betonica S. Moore in Journ. Bot.
1880, p. 309, forma i. p. 310, var. neilgherriensis T. And. in

82o xciv. ACANTHACE.E. [Jiuticia

Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 118 (1863); non L Nicotoba nilgher-
rensis Lindau in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 b, p. 329 i

HUILLA.— In fl. No. 5043.

2 J. andongensis C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 185.

j. Betonica S. Moore, I.e., p. 309, forma ii. p. 310 ; non L.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— At Mangue ; fr. No. 5111.

3. J. versicolor C. B. Cl., I.e., p. 186.

Nicoteba, versicolor Lindau in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxu. p. 1
(1895).

HUILLA.— Flowers whitish-violet in colour. In dry hilly places near
Pao above the river Maiomba ; fl. and fr. June 1860. No. 5049.

4. J. tenella T. And., I.e., p. 40 ; C. B. CL, I.e., p. 187.
Rostellularia tenella and R. crenulata Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p.

369 (1847). R. parviflora Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 481 (1849).
ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— In fr. Dec. 1860. No. 5200.

5. J. Iseta S. Moore, I.e., p. 311 ; C. B. CL, I.e., p. 188.
PUNGO ANDONGO.— A perennial herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; rhizome

woody ; stems numerous ; flowers violet in colour. In bushy hilly
places between Condo and Quibonde ; fl. March 1857. No. 5108. A
suffrutescent herb, up to 4 ft. high ; flowers rosy-violet, very abundant.
Among the rocks of Fonte de Casamba in the presidium ; fl. beginning
of May 1857. No. 5081.

6. J. flava Vahl, Symb. Bot. ii. p. 15 (1791) ; C. B. CL, l.c., p.
190 ; non Kurz (1873).

Dianthera amei-icana, var. a., Forsk. Fl. ^Egypt.-Arab. p. 9
(1775); non L. (1753). D. flava Vahl, I.e., i. p. 5 (1790). J.
plicata Vahl, Enum. i. p. 156 (1804), var.; S. Moore, I.e., p. 310.

LOANDA.— In the city ; fl. and fr. April 1854. No. 5135. At Teba ;
fr. COLL. CARP. 830.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In fl. and fr. No. 5183.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — Stem creeping, rooting at the nodes ; leaves
ranging up to 2 in. long by U in. broad. Fl. and fr. Dec. 1856.
No. 5097. Infl.-bud. No. 5074:

HUILLA.— Flowers yellow. In wooded pastures near Mumpulk :
fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 5035. In hilly pastures among low bushes :
fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 5036.

The following No., represented by an imperfect specimen, must
be compared with this species ; S. Moore, I.e., p. 363, compared it
with his Hypoestes callicoma : —

HUILLA. — Flowers ochroleucous, solitary. In the open forest
between Erne and Ivantfila, only one specimen ; fl. and fr. end of Feb.
1860. No. 5060.

7. J. Lazarus S. Moore, I.e., p. 313 ; C. B. CL, I.e. (ined.), n. 33.

J. insularis S. Moore, I.e., p. 341 ; non T. And.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A herb, apparently annual ; stem somewhat
prostrate, divaricately branched ; flowers whitish. In sandy places at
the banks of the river Cuango, very rare ; fl. Nov. 1854. A small
form of the species. No. 5211. In fl. No. 5117. Infl.andfr. No. 5143.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A herb, 3 ft. high or more, apparently annual.

Jitsticia] xciv. ACANTHACE.E. 821

In fl. and f r. Perhaps a large form of the species, with the underside
of the leaves hairy. No. 5093-

HUILLA. — Flowers whitish-rosy. On a sandy soil in open forests
composed of Partner* Mobola (Welw. herb. no. 1282) ; only two
specimens, fl. April 1860. No. 5058. Annual ; flowers whitish. In
rather shady wooded places near Catumba, very sparingly : fl. end of
April 1860. No. 5051.

8. J. brevicaulis S. Moore, I.e., p. 341 ; Engl. Hochgebirgsflora,
p. 393 (1892); C. B. 01., I.e., n. 51.

HUILLA. — A perennial herblet ; rhizome thick, woody ; stems nume-
rous, erect ; flowers ringent, violet in colour. In hilly rocky places
between Mumpulla and Nene, among low herbs, rather rare ; fl. and
young fr. towards end of Oct. 1859. No. 5774.

9..J. extensa T. And. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 44 (1863);
S. Moore, I.e., p. 341 ; 0. B. 01., l.c.,m. 64.

Var. ? castellana.

A weak undershrub, slightly puberulous, with the habit nearly
of a Brillantaisia, widely subscandent ; stems elongated, numer-
ous, flexuous, cylindrical, fleshy-woody, woody in the lower part,
grey- green, narrowly furrowed, bright green and smooth on the
upper part, conspicuously thickened at the nodes throughout, 7
to 10 ft. long; leaves opposite, ovate or elliptical, usually more or
less obtusely acuminate at the apex, obtusely narrowed cr sub-
cordate at the base, somewhat fleshy, not coriaceous, deep green
above, rather paler beneath, entire or sub-repand, 4 to 6 in. long
by If to 3 inches broad, those next the inflorescence smaller ;
petiole limp, f- to 2^ in. long, shortly puberulous ; inflorescence
terminal and axillary, paniculate, rather lax, many-flowered,
somewhat leafy, shortly puberulous, divaricately branched, pyra-
midal or corymbose, ; bracteoles subulate ; ultimate pedicels very
short or bent at the apex ; calyx green, deeply 5-cleft, i to ^ in.
long, puberulous ; the segments oblong, pointed, ribbed, subequal,
the lowest one a little narrower than the rest ; corolla •§• in. long,
pale greenish-sulphur in colour, marked inside with purple longi-
tudinal lines, inserted outside the disk, tubular, bilabiate; the
the tube plicate-costate ; the upper lip erect, shortly bilobed at
the apex ; the lower lip 3-lobed, callous and obliquely plicate at
the base of the middle lobe, with the lobes linear and deflected ;
stamens 2, fertile, inserted on the lower corolla-lip a little below
the base of its lateral lobes, included ; filaments somewhat
compressed, hairy, expanded at the apex into the green fleshy
unequally didymous connective, ^ in. long ; anthers 2-celled ; the
cells separate, one of them inserted on the connective lower than
the other, both subulate-aristate at the base, longitudinally
dehiscing ; staminodes 0 ; pollen ellipsoidal, minutely punctate,
the tubercles not conspicuous at least near the pores ; disk
eupuliform, tolerably high, embracing the base of the ovary ; ovary
hairy, 2-celled, ovoid-conical ; cells 2-ovuled ; style filiform, a little
curved ; stigma somewhat obtuse, very narrowly or obsoletely
bilobed ; immature seeds flattened, broadly membranous-alate.

822 xciv. ACANTHACE^:. {Justicia

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In wooded rocky rather elevated places at the
cataracts of streams near Cabondo in the presidium, sporadic and
rather rare ; fl. end of April 1857. No. 1248.

10 J. Anselliana T. And., Lc., p. 44 ; Lindau, I.e., p. 349, fig.
112 D ; S. Moore, I.e., p. 341 ; C. B. Cl., I.e., n. 70.

Adhatoda Anselliana Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 403 (1847).
Dianthera (sp.), Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 1114.

AMBACA.— A herblet of scarcely 3 to 4 in. ; stem creeping, stolpni-
ferous ; flowers white. In damp pastures on the left bank of the river
Lucala ; fl. Oct. 1856. No. 5172.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A very slender herb, floating, apparently peren-
nial ; rhizome creeping far, rooting at the nodes ; sterna more or less
elongated according to the depth of the water : fruiting peduncles
reflected. In pools at the great cataract of the river Cuanza near
Condo ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 5173.

Var. angnstifolia S. Moore, I.e., p. 342.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A herb ; stem filiform, ascending when growing
in spongy marshes or floating on pools ; flowers white. Between
Lombe and Candumba, in company with Marsilea, (cf . Welw. herb,
no. 39), etc. ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 5098.

23. MONECHMA Hochst. in Flora 1841, p. 374.
Justicia sect. Monechma, Benth. and Hook. f. Gen. PI. il p. 1109.

1. M. lolioides C. B. Cl. ms. in. Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. (ined.).
Justicia lolioides S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 310, t. 214r

fig. 1.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— An erect or ascending herb, with violet-purple
flowers. In moist hot wooded parts of Mata de Mutollo ; fl. and fr.
Jan. 1857. Nos. 5178, 5090.

Var. latifolia (S. Moore, I.e.).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An erect or ascending herb, a foot high, growing
in dense masses ; flowers white. In somewhat dry wooded pastures
with sparse herbage between Quisonde and Condo ; fl. and fr. March
1857. No. 5099.

2. M. scabridum C.B. Cl. ms., I.e.
Justicia scabrida S. Moore, I.e., p. 310.

PCNGO ANDONGO.— A herb, 2 to 3 ft, high, the whole plant becoming
yellowish in the course of drying ; stems branched in a broom-like
manner ; flowers in the living state white. By thickets near Condo,
N-billa, and Bumba, rather rare: fl. March 1857. No. 5085. A
perennial herb, erect : corolla white. At Condo, fl. 11 March 1857.
No. 5092.

3. M. Welwitschii C. B. Cl. ms., I.e.
Justicia monechmoides S. Moore, I.e., p. 311.

LOANDA.— An erect, bright green herb, 1} to 2 ft. high, with whitish
inconspicuous flowers. In moist bushy places at Imbondeiro dos Lobos •
fl. and fr. March 1858. Nos. 5184, 5065, 5123, 5140.

4. M. spissum C. B. Cl. ms., I.e.

Justicia sp. (§ Rostellaria), S. Moore, I.e., p. 342.

XCIV. ACANTHACE.E. 823

LOANDA. — A much-branched, annual, somewhat erect herblet, 4 in.
high ; root 3 in. long ; leaves imbricate. In a wet wooded spot
between Teba and Quicuxe, only one specimen found : fr. March 1854.
No. 5066.

5. M. Nepeta C. B. 01. HIS., I.e.

Justicia Nepeta S. Moore, I.e., p. 312. J. mossamedea S. Moore r
I.e., p. 342.

ICOLO E BENGO. — An erect, annual herb, much branched, conical in
outline, a foot high. By moist thickets near Prata not far from Lagoa
de Quilunda, rather rare ; fr. Sept. 1854. No. 5136.

LOANDA. — An erect or ascending, annual herb ; corolla violet-purple,
bilabiate ; the upper lip much shorter than the lower, obtusely bilobed -
the lower lip widely spreading, 3-lobed. In thickets on a sandy or
ferruginous clay soil, near Boa Vista, very rare ; fl. and f r. end of
May, 1858. Nos. 5185, 5137.

MOSSAMEDES. — An annual or biennial herb, obliquely climbing or
erect, much branched from the base ; branches decurrent ; leaves spathu-
late ; corolla yellowish at the base, at the apex especially on the limb
violet-purple. At the sides of the calcareous mountains between
Mossamedes and Cavalheiros ; fl. and fr. beginning of July 1859.
No. 5003- An annual herb, branched from the base ; flowers violet-
purple. Arimo de Senhor Yiana ; fl. and fr. beginning of Aug. 1859.
No. 5004.

6. M. floridum C. B. 01. ms., I.e.

Justicia (§ Rostellaria)sp., S. Moore, I.e., p. 342.

LIBOXGO. — An annual herb, \ to 3 ft. high, much branched, strong
smelling ; flowers pale purple. In rather dry places among low bushes,
above Banza do Libongo, in Arimo do Senhor Freire ; fl. and fr. Sept.
1858. No. 5120. An annual, erect or ascending, much branched herb-,
hoary more or less throughout ; leaves narrow ; flowers small, purplish.
In thickets near Banza de Libongo ; fr. Sept. 1858. COLL. CARP. 832.

BUMBO.— In fields after crops of Arachis hypogoea ; fl. and fr.
No. 5032.

7. M. cleomoides C. B. 01. ms., I.e.

Justicia cleomoides S. Moore, I.e., p. 313, t. 214, fig. 2.

MOSSAMEDES. — A low, very densely branched shrub, 1 to 2 ft. high,
forming hemispherical clumps ; stem and leaves glandular-pilose, very
viscid ; corolla whitish, the lower lip violet in colour ; disk yellowish ;
stamens 2. In sandy submaritime places between Mossamedes and
Cavalheiros ; fl. and fr. beginning of July 1859. No. 5006.

8. M. Salsola C. B. 01. ms., I.e.
Justicia, Salsola S. Moore, I.e., p. 340.

MOSSAMEDES. — A prostrate, suffruticose herb, very rigid throughout;
fruit axillary, solitary. In dry hilly maritime places at Praia da
Amelia ; fr. July 1859. No. 5023.

24 . RHINACANTHUS Nees ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1 1 1 2.
1. R. communis Nees in Wall. PI. As. Rar. iii. p. 109 (1832) ;
S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 342. Justicia nasuta L. Sp.
PL edit. 1, p. 16 (1753). R. Fasuta S. Kurz in Journ. As. Soc.
Beng. xxxix. 2, p. 179 (1870). 2L nasutus Lindau in Engl. Nat.

$24 XCIV. ACAVTHACEjE.

Pflanzenfam. iv. 3 6, p. 339 (1895) ; 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 494 (1891).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A slender ascending herb, with white flowers.
In Mata de Pungo ; fl. May 1857. No. 5191-

BUMBO. — Branches spreading ; flowers whitish, numerous, arranged
in rather kx cymes. In Serra de Xella ; fl. Oct. 1859. A hairy, large-
flowered form of the species. No. 5010.

PRINCE'S ISLAND.— In fl. Sept. 1853. No. 5204.

25. ECBOLIUM S. Kiirz ; Benth. <k Hook f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1118 ;
non L. (1735).

1. E. amplexicaule S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, p. 136.

Justicia sp., S. Moore, I.e. (1880), p. 342.

LOANDA.— An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, pretty much branched ;
«tem and branches glaucous, more or less fleshy at the nodes ; leaves
from greenish to glaucescent, very readily caducous, cordate-auriculate ;
petioles short, fleshy, articulate to the swellings of the stem ; calyx
5-cleft, bibracteolate ; corolla elongate-funnelshaped, the lobes of the
limb obtuse ; stamens 2, inserted on the throat of the corolla or a little
below it ; anthers 2-celled, the cells parallel, one of them a little higher
than the other ; ovary 2-celled, somewhat hairy ; stigma bifid, termin-
ating the very long style. In sandy thickets near Penedo, and in public
but little frequented places in the city of Loanda ; fl.and fr. Dec. 1858.
Nos. 5203, 5124.

This is possibly the Acanthacea mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann.
Cons. Ultramar. No. 7 (August 1854), p. 83, n. 78, as occurring in
thickets near Loanda in October 1853.

26. PEBISTROPHE Nees ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1 121.

1. P. bicalyculata Nees in Wall. PI. As. Ear. iii. p. 113 (1832) ;
J. A. Schmidt, Fl. Cap Verd. (1852), p. 247.

Justicia bicalyculata Vahl, Symb. Bot. ii. p. 13 (1791). Dian-
thera bicalyculata Retz in Act. Holm. 1775, p. 297. D. paniculuta
Forsk. Fl. ^Egypt.-Arab. p. 7 (1775). J. malabarica Chr. Sm. in
Tuckey, Congo, p. 250 (1818).

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. —In gravelly depressions behind Cidade
da Praia in the island of S. Thiago ; fr., nearly without leaves, Jan.
1861. No. 5176.

28. HYPOESTES R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. it p. 1122.

1. H. verticillaris Soland. ex Roem. & Sch. Syst. Veg. i. 140
(1817); S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 363. Justicia verti-
ciUaris L. f. Suppl. PI. p. 85 (1781). //. mollis T. And. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. vii. p. 49 (1863) ; S. Moore, I.e.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— In rather dry wooded places in Sobato Cabango
Cacalungo ; fl. June 1856. Nos. 5144, 5118, 5142.

Var. ft. denudata Nees in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 507 (1847).

H. verticillaris, var. glabra, S. Moore, I.e.

HUILLA.— Flowers whitish. In rocky bushy places between Lagoa
de lyantala and Quilengues, close to the banks of the river Caculuvar,
sparingly ; fl. end of Feb. I860. No. 5059.

Diapedium] xciv. ACANTHACE^E. 825

27. DIAPEDIUM Konig in Ron. & Sims, Ann. Bot. ii. (No. iv.
June 1st, 1805), p. 189.

Didiptera Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. ix. p. 267 (1807) ; Benth. &
Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1120.

1. D. umbellatum O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 485 (1891).
Justicia iimbellata Vahl, Enum. i. p. 115 (1804). Didiptera

umbellata Juss., I.e., p. 268. Didiptera verticillaris S. Moore in
Journ. Bot. 1880, p. 362; non R. & S.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Herbaceous, annual or biennial, beset with glan-
dular hairs having a goatish smell ; corolla rosy, bilabiate, the upper
lip lanceolate and whitish-punctate at the base, the lower lip patent
entire and rose-red throughout. In damp densely shady places near
Sange, Bango, Camilungo, etc. ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 5116. At
Quibolo. Fl. and fr. July 1856. No. 5133.

MOSSAMEDES. — An annual, erect or ascending herb, 2 to 2£ ft. high,
sparingly branched, herbaceous-green ; flowering branches patent, the
upper ones the shorter ; flowers apparently rosy. At the rocky sides
of the river Bero near Boca do Rio (the last gorge), sparingly : fl. end
of July 1859. No. 4999.

The plant is officinal ; in Golungo Alto the natives call it " Quixixila."

2. D. Welwitschii.

Didiptera Welwitschii S. Moore, I.e., p. 362.

HUILLA. — Corolla violet in colour. In forests about Ivantfda ; fl.
Feb. 1860. No. 5015. This No. is quoted also by S. Moore, I.e., p. 266,
for Barleria violascens.

3. D. angolense.

Didiptera angolensis S. Moore, I.e., p. 362.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— At Bumba ; fl. July 1856. Nos. 5132, 5168, "cf.
5116 "(^5116).

XCV.

This family, which is abundantly represented in the Cape flora,
was previously to Welwitsch's discoveries unknown in West
Tropical Africa ; the three species which were found in Huilla are
among the most delightful of its plants, and embellish those high-
lands with indescribable charms. The negresses, who are in general
but little susceptible to the beauties of nature, are in the habit of
weaving in their head-dresses the flowering branches of the two
following species of Selago, or stick them behind their ears, as they
carry goods to the market at Lopollo.

1. HEBENSTRETIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1127.

1. H. dentata L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 629 (1753).

Var. integrifolia Choisy in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 4 (1848).

H. integrifolia L., I.e. H. angolensis Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 1886,
p. 174 (Hebenstreitia).

HUILLA. — A herb, apparently annual or doubtfully perennial ; stem
erect, simple at the base, branched from the middle upwards ; branches
spreading, virgate, leafy, terminating in flowering spikes ; leaves linear ;
flowers very elegant ; corolla whitish, unilabiate, 4-lobed at the apex,

826 xcv. SELAGINE^:. [Hebenstretia

the lobes revolute, the disk of the lip covered with a long and broad
spot deep-orange or even scarlet in colour ; fertile fruit with a corky
bark Bv the Humpata stream, abundant but only in a few places :
[ and fr 24 April 1860. No. 4786 and COLL. CARP. 60, 839 A
siiffruticose herb; stem 2 ft. high, erect or ascending, branched,
bearing from the base upwards alternate linear long leaves and at
the apex of the branches spikes of flowers ; calyx bivalved : corolla
unilabiate, the lip white, the disk marked with a brick-red spot, the
limb 4-cleft and suberect ; stamens 4, scarcely didynamous ; anthers
linear unilocular, dehiscing longitudinally ; style rather thickly filiform,
inclined forwards ; stigma obsoletely bilobed. In bushy places by
streams, rather rare ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 4787.

2. SELAGO L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1 128 ; non Dillon.
Pechuelia 0. Kuntze in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iv. p. 270 (1886).

1. S. alopecuroides Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 1886, p. 175; O.
Kuntze in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, iv. p. 270 (1886) ; Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. x. p. 265 (9 Oct. 1888).

Pechuelia alopecuroides O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 271.

HUILLA. — A perennial herb ; stems numerous, erect or ascending, 1
to 2 feet high, very densely leafy ; leaves very narrowly linear, herba-
ceous-green : flowers sub-ringent, whitish violet in colour. In rocky
thickets near Lopollo ; fl. middle of Dec., fr. 29 Dec. 1859. No. 4789-
A decumbent undershrub, 1 to 1£ ft. high ; branchlets ascending,
virgate, densely leafy, pyramidally spicate at the apex ; leaves narrowly
linear, fasciculate, almost heath-like : flowers crowded, very elegant,
purplish. In the more elevated thickets and in open places about
Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. Jan. 1860 ; also in sandy wooded pastures
between Lopollo and Morro de Quilengues, rather sparingly as a
prostrate plant ; fl. 29 Dec. 1859. No. 4790. Stem erect : flowering
spikes slender, pyramidal. Lopollo; fr. April 1860. A plant well
worth cultivating. COLL. CARP. 69.

No. 4789 has been referred to the \vr.filifolia O Kuntze, I.e., p. 271,
characterised by terete leaves.

2. S. Welwitscbii Rolfe, I.e.

HUILLA.— A lovely shrublet ; root thickened, woody ; stems several,
decumbent or prostrate ; branches virgate. floribund : branchlets
crowded, ascending, corymbosely flowering at the apex ; leaves linear
or lanceolate-spathulate, fasciculate, greenish sub-glaucescent ; flowers
bright violet-rosy ; corolla sub-bilabiate, the 4 upper lobes approx-
imated, the lower one deflected ; anthers 1 -celled. In hilly sandy
thickets about Lopollo, ubiquitous ; fl. 28 Dec. 1859 and 2 Jan. 1860.
No. 4788. An annual or biennial plant ; stems decumbent, branched ;
branchlets horizontal : flowers very densely crowded, of a very pretty
violet colour. In sandy-muddy thickets near Lopollo ; fr. April 1860.
It would be very ornamental in cultivation. COLL. CARP. 62.

COLL. CARP. 3 (In marshes, Lopollo ; specimens not found) probably
belongs to this species.

3. GLOBULARIA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii.
p. 1130.

1. G. salicina Lam. Encycl. Meth. ii. p. 732 (1786).
G. longifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. i. p. 130 (1789). G. amygdalifolia
Webb, in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 133 (1849). Lytanthus salicinus

Globularia] xcv. SELAGINE^E. 827

Wettst. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 36., p. 272, fig. 103 C
(1895). L. amygdalifolius Wettst. IB Engl., I.e., p. 273.

ISLAND OF MADEIRA. — A lovely shrub, 1£ to 2J ft. high ; branches
ascending ; leaves coriaceous, rigid, rather glossy. In stony places not
far from the ocean, by the road which leads from Funchal to Camara
dos Lobos, abundant ; fl. end of August 1853. No. 784.

XCVI. VERBENACE^E.
1. LANTANA L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1142,

1. L. Camara L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 627 (1753).

L. antidotalis Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Yidensk. Selsk. iv.
p.. 50 (1829).

LOANDA. — A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high : root woody ; stems several,
erect or oblique, distinctly hexagonal or obtusely tetragonal ; branches
and branchlets patent ; leaves almost always (according to Welwitsch)
ternate, sometimes opposite : flowers yellow, almost tending to orange
in colour ; bracts linear-lanceolate, shorter than the corolla-tube ;
drupels deep blue. In thickets not far from the ocean, extending at
intervals from Ambriz to the mouth of the river Cuanza ; at Penedo ;
fl. Feb. 1858. Used as an officinal plant by the negroes ; scent very
agreeable. No. 5722. In fl. and fr. Nos. 5650, 5715, 5658.

PUNQO ANDONGO.— In fr. Dec. 1856. No. 5692. A much branched
shrub, 5 ft. high, with numerous stems and orange-coloured flowers.
In thickets at the outskirts of Mata de Pungo ; fl. Jan. 1857. No.
5723. A simple erect shrublet, 65 in. high, apparently perennial ;
leaves membranous ; flowers orange-yellow. In a rocky part of the
presidium, at Barrancos da Pedra Pungo ; only one specimen, fl. May
1857. No. 5621. In fl. and young fr. No. 5676.

MOSSAMEDES. — A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, subscandent or rather with
virgate sarmentose branches : flowers saffron- or orange-yellow; drupels-
black-bluish. At the banks of the river Bero, plentiful : fl. and fr.
June 1859. No. 5765.

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.— Prickly, shrubby ; fr. baccate. In St.
; fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. Belongs to this or an allied species. No.

2. L. salvifolia Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. iii. p. 18, t. 285 (1798).

LOANDA. — A much branched undershrub, scarcely a shrub, woody at
the base ; branches divaricate ; corolla white, yellow at the bottom.
At the lowest parts of the mountains between Penedo and Forte
Conceicao ; fl. and fr. 22 April 1858. No. 5720.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Roadway near Mussengue ; fl. April 1855. A
broad-leaved form of the species. No. 5742. An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft.
high, at first erect or even strict, afterwards almost a shrub with
twisted arching branches ; flowers milk-white. At the outskirts of
forests in Sobato de Quilombo and at the river Cuango, etc. ; fl. and f r.
April 1856. Nos. 5666, 5643, 5727, and COLL. CARP. 841.

CAZENGO. — A suffrutioose herb, 3 to 4 ft. high. By thickets near
Cacula ; fl. June 1855. A broad-leaved form. No. 5743.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high; root woody; stems
numerous, prostrate or ascending : flowers very prettily violet-rosy,
scentless ; fruit baccate, edible, resembling a mulberry but the drupels,
larger violet-rosy shining like pearls and separated from each other
by broad projecting bracts, with a very pleasant acid taste suggesting

£28 XCVI. VERBENACEjE.

that of the berries of the Portuguese EmpHmm album. Very plentiful
throughout the presidium, in secondary thickets chiefly on a sandy
soil flowering from October to January ; at Luxillo, fl. and fr. Jan.
1857. No. 5729. An undershrub or rather a herb at length becoming
woody at the base ; root thick, woody, very hard : stems few, some-
times erect or oblique but mostly ascending or even prostrate : flowers
very elegant, violet-rosy or very rarely white : berries edible, pale
violet in colour, pleasantly acid-sweet. In rather dry bushy places
between Pungo Andongo and Candumba, plentiful ; fl. Feb. and May
1857. No. 5620. A suffruticose herb, 5 to 6 ft. high ; stems numerous,
erect, branched ; branches somewhat erect ; flowers brilliantly white ;
fruit baccate, of a dirty violet colour ; drupels monopyrenous. In
rocky thickets to the south of the presidium and at the river Casalale"
plentiful ; fl. and fr. end of April 1857. No. 5691. Fruit edible, like
a strawberry ; in fl. No. 5693. An erect or decumbent herb, almost
suffrutescent at the base ; root woody, perennial ; flowers rosy-purple
or violet in colour ; fniit baccate violet- coloured, pleasantly acidulous,
edible. At Candumba ; fr. March 1857. Apparently this species.
COLL. CARP. 842.

HTJILLA. — Flowers white. In the poorer thickets near Lopollo ; fl.
and fr. end of Nov. 1859. No. 5755. An undershrub, H to 3 ft.
high, with white flowers. In the Monino thickets near Humpata : fl.
and fr. Jan. and April 1860. No. 5761.

This as here treated is a very variable species : the Pungo Andongo
specimens include the Lantnna mentioned by Welwitsch in Apontam.
p. 591. n. 111.

3. L. subtracta Hiern, sp. n.

A perennial herb ; rootstock woody ; stems several, elongate-
sarmentose, 1 to H ft. long, scabrid-hispid with stiff whitish
spreading hairs, rather slender ; leaves opposite, ovate elliptical
or obovate, mostly spreading, rigidly herbaceous, more or less obtuse
at the apex, narrowed towards the base, minutely glandular,
more or less scabrid, yellowish green on both faces in the dry
.state, crenate-serrate except near the base, 1 to li in. long by '
to § in. broad, the uppermost ones smaller; venation slender,
slightly depressed on the upper face ; the middle internodes H to
2^ in. long ; flower-heads solitary in the lower axils, ovoid or
hemispherical, ^ to \ in. long, bracteate at the base and between
the flowers ; bracts elliptical-ovate or the lower ones oval, herba-
ceous, minutely glandular, hispidulous on the back, shortly ciliate,
acute at the apex or the lower ones obtuse, mostly entire, narrowed
at the sessile base, suberect or rather spreading, the middle ones
about i in. long, the upper ones rather smaller, the lower ones
rather larger ; nerves slender ; peduncles of the heads | to ^ in.
long, hispid ; flowers numerous, sessile or nearly so, about \ in.
long ; calyx about ^ in. long, minutely glandular, hairy, com-
pressed, shortly tubular, somewhat keeled but not winged on the
two edges ; corolla about \ in. long, shortly hairy outside, white,
tubular ; the tube a little bent below the middle, slightly dilated
about the bend ; the limb deeply obtusely and unequally 4-lobed ;
fruit ovoid, somewhat compressed, 2-celled, about TV m- long;
endocarp thinly crustaceous.

Lantana] xcvi. VERBENACE.E. 829>

HUILLA. — In hilly places near Lopollo among shrubs, rather rare, fl.
and fr. Nov. 1859 ; also in thickets flooded in the rainy season, in the
same neighbourhood ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5756.

4. L. viburnoides Vahl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 45 (1790).

CharacJiera viburnoides Forsk. Fl. ^Egypt.-Arab. p. 116 (1775),

HUILLA. — An aromatic undershrub, H ft. high or more, with white
flowers. In the Lopollo thickets ; fl. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. No.
5762. Flowers white. In the Monino forests among tall herbs : fl. end
of March 1860. No. 5751.

Our specimens are not in fruit, and therefore their determination is
doubtful.

2. LIPPIA Houst., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1142.

1. L. nodiflora Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer. ii. p. 15 (1803).
Verbena nodijlora L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 20 (1753). Phyla

nodijlora E. L. Greene, Pittonia iv. p. 46 (1899).

LUANDA. — A bright green, prostrate-rooting herb ; leaves firm and
somewhat rigidly fleshy ; flowers purple. In damp pastures near
Quicuxe, not plentiful; fl. 10 June 1858. Nos. 5638, 5717.

BARRA DO BENGO. — An extensively creeping, bright green herblet,
with somewhat fleshy leaves and whitish-rosy flowers. About the lake
of Quisequele near Quifandongo, plentiful ; fl. Dec. 1853. No. 5642.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — Flowers violet-purple. At Salina da Dungo :
fl. and fr. end of March 1857. No. 5694.

MOSSAMEDES. — Flowers purple. In damp sandy places at the lakes
of the river Caroco, abundant, in company with Heleochloct schoenoide*
Host (Welw. herb. no. 2622) : fl. 3 Sept. 1859. No. 5748.

2. L. adoensis Hochst. in Schimp. PI. Abyss, ii. n. 1079 (1842) ;
Schauer in DC. Prodr. xi. p. 578 (1847); A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii.
p. 167 (1851).

Lantana abyssinica Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenzeit. ix. p. 379
(1841). Lippia grandifolia Hochst., I.e., ii. n. 734; A. Rich., I.e.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Between Trombeta and Cabondo ; in late fr.
Sept. 1854. No. 5741.

CAZENGO. — An erect herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, with the aspect somewhat
of a Sparganophorus. In the drier bushy places between the river
Luinha and Mount Muxaula ; in young fl. June 1855. No. 5627.

AMBACA. — An undershrub, 1^ to 2 ft. high ; stems ascending,
angular ; leaves coriaceous, very rough ; flowers small, whitish. In
bushy places near Halo, sparingly; fl. Oct. 1856. Differs from the type
of the species by its ascending and not strictly erect habit. No. 5732.

PUN.GO AXDONGO. — An erect undershrub. In rocky places to the
south of the presidium ; in fl.-bud middle of April 1857. Nos. 5690
partly i 5667 partly.

Yar. multicaulis.

An erect undershrub, 3 to 7 ft. high, more or less aromatic ;
rootstock woody; stems numerous, angiilar, furrowed, branched
above ; branchlets opposite or ternate, erect-patent, hispidulous-
pubescent ; leaves opposite or ternate, lanceolate or narrowly
elliptical, more or less narrowed at both ends, scabrid and hispidu-
lous with impressed venation above, thinly pubescent or hispidu-
lons beneath, crenulate, 2 to 4| in. long by i to If in. broad ;

£30 XCVI. VERBENACEJE.

petiole i to i in. long; flowers small, capitate; heads sub-
hemispherical in flower, £ in. in diameter, densely bracteate,
ovoid-oblong in fruit; bracts ovate-oblong, imbricate, shortly
pubescent on the back, minutely glandular, longitudinally lined,
about i in. long ; calyx scarcely or about ^ in. long, hairy ;
corolla | to ^ in. long, brilliantly white or whitish ; limb small,
i in. in diameter ; style TV in. long ; fruit dry.

AMBAC \.-In the more elevated bushy mountainous places about
Puri-Cacarambola ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 5733.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In bushy rocky places to the south of the prss-
sidium, plentiful ; fl. and fr. middle of April 1857. Bunda name
' ' Mangue." Nos. 5690 partly, 5667 partly.

3. L. asperifolia Marthe, Cat. PI. Jard. Med. Paris, p. 67 (1801).

Verbena globiflora L'Herit. Stirp. Nov. p. 23, t. 12 (1784).
Lantana lavandulacea Jacq. PI. Ear. Schoenbr. iii. p. 59, t. 361
(1798).

BOMBO.— A strongly aromatic undershrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, with
white flowers. In thickets near Bumbo, very plentiful ; fl. and fr.
Oct. 1839. No. 5749.

HUILLA.— Flowers white. In hilly thickets on the right bank of the
Lopollo river ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and Feb. 1860. No. 5750-

I have not seen the type of this species ; our specimens bear some
resemblance to L. adoensis Hochst., but the heads of flowers are
smaller.

3. VALERIANOIDES Boerh. ex Medic. Phil. Bot. i. p. 177 (1789).
Abena Neck. Elem. Bot. i. p. 296 (1790). Staehytarpheta Vahl,
Enum. i. p. 205 (1804); Benth. <fe Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1145.

1. V. mutabilis 0. Kuntze, Kev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 510 (1891),
( Valerianodes).

Staehytarpheta mutabilis Vahl, I.e., p. 209. Stachytarpha
elegans Welw. Apontam. p. 588. n. 56 (1859).

LOANDA.— At Bemposta ; fl. Dec. 1858. Nos. 5737, 5649, 5716.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An undersbrub, 3 ft. high, much branched from
the base ; branches divaricate-ascending ; flowers of a deep violet
colour. In secondary thickets near Quitage, between Pungo Andongo
and Cassange, rather rare ; fl. beginning of March 1857. No. 5631.
An undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, fastigiately branched at the apex ;
flowers violet or white or variegated with purple. In thickets near
Quitage ; fl. March 1857. COLL. CARP. 840.

HUILLA.— At Catumba ; fl. May 1860. No. 5764.

Welwitsch in Apontam., Z.c., states that this is a very rare plant and
was found by him only in one spot ; but in a ms. note he reported
it as plentiful in another locality. It is perhaps the Staehytarpheta
mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May
1856), p. 250, n. 130, as an ornamental undershrub, 3 to 4 ft. high,
with large white handsome flowers, and as growing in damp fields in
the Loanda country, where it is rather rare and flowers from
November to February.

2. V. jamaicensisO. Kuntze, I.e., p. 509 (Valerianodes jamaicense).
Verbena jamaicensis L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 19 (1753). Verb.

indica L. Syst. Nat., edit. 10, ii. p. 85 (1759) ; Jacq. Obs. Bot. iv.

Valerianoides] xcvi. VERBENACEJE. 831

p. 7, tab. 86 (1771). Verb, angustifolia Mill. Diet. ed. 8, n. 15
(1768). Stachytarpheta angustifolia^ S. indica, and S. jamaicensis
Vahl, Enum. PI. i. pp. 205, 206 (1804). S. indica Ficalho, PL
TTteis, p. 240 (1884).

LOANDA. — In damp places at the edges of ponds near Quicuxe, and
by Represa do Manoel Pereira van Hunnen, rather rare ; fl. beginning
of July 1854. No. 5652.

ICOLO E BEXGO. — An annual, erect, bright green herb, branched
from the base ; leaves membranous, rather glossy ; flowering spikes
straight, very slender, elongated, usually more than 6 in. long ; flowers
violet-purple, rarely whitish- violet in colour, scarcely larger than those
of Verbena officinalis L. In swampy places about Lagoa da Funda,
not uncommon ; also near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. beginning of
Sept. 1859. No. 5640.

According to a note of Welwitsch, this species is used in Loanda,
where it is plentiful, as a remedy in cases of dysentery, in the same
way as it is in tropical America ; the native name is " Cachinde ca
menha."

4. DTJRANTA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1150.

1. D. erecta L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 637 (1753).

D. repens L., I.e. D. plumieri L. Sp. PL, edit. 2, p. 888 (1762).

HUILLA. — A much-branched shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high, with blue flowers.
In shrubby places near Lopollo, in company with Psiadia arabica Jaub.
& Spach (Welw. herb. no. 3914), Jasminum microphyllum Baker
(Welw. herb. no. 932), and Siphonanthus dumalis (Welw. herb. no.
5763) ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1859. No. 5760. An arborescent spinescent
shrub, with bright blue flowers. In thickets near Lopollo, plentiful ;
fl. and fr. May 1860. COLL. CARP. 91.

5. PREMNA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1152.

1. P. angolensis GUrke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 165
{22 Dec. 1893).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Glabrescent except the puberulous inflorescence ;
branches woody, subterete, somewhat pallid, striate, inconspicuously
lenticellate ; branchlets somewhat angular, leafy ; leaves ternate,
quaternate or opposite, roundly ovate, cuspidate obtuse or pointed
at the apex, usually very obtuse or sub-truncate at the base, thinly
coriaceous, entire and somewhat undulate on the margin, yellowish
green on both faces, 3 to 5 in. long by 2 to 3 in. broad ; lateral veins
about 4 or 5 on each side of the midrib, slender ; petioles 1 to 3 in.
long ; inflorescence terminal, subglobose, about 3 in. in diameter,
divaricately branched, densely many-flowered ; common peduncle
scarcely an inch long ; ultimate pedicels very short, sub-obsolete ;
bracteoles minute ; flowers about £ in. long, crowded ; calyx about
J^. in. long, hemispherical-campanulate, truncate or scarcely lobed •
corolla shortly tubular ; the tube about ^ in. long by ~ in. broad ;
the limb oblique, 4-lobed, somewhat spreading ; the lobes rounded ;
the throat hairy ; stamens 4, subdidynamous, scarcely exserted,
inserted on the corolla- throat, glabrous ; style -V to -^ in. long,
scarcely exserted, glabrous, straight or a little curved, notched at
the apex ; ovary depressed-spheroidal, marked with two furrows,
nearly glabrous, with some small scaly hairs or minute glands. At
Undelle ; fl. April 1856. Called " Mungongo." No. 5628. A tree,

g32 xcvi. VERBENACR*. [Premna

20 to 35 ft. high, 1 to 2} ft. in diameter at the base, where it usually
divides into 3 or 4 stout tortuous trunks one or two of which are
straighter and stricter, with the habit of Catalpa bignonioides Walt.r
glabrous throughout except the slightly puberulous inflorescence; wood
light durable and resonant, adapted for the manufacture of various
musical instruments, as for instance the marimbas, and for drum-
sticks; branches pale, lenticellate, subterete ; branchlets obtusely
angular furrowed ; leaves ternate or opposite, broadly ovate or oval,
usually cuspidate at the apex and wedgeshaped at the base, papery,
somewhat glossy, pale yellowish green (in the dry state), entire or
undulate-subrepand on the very narrowly revolute margin, 3^ to 5 in.
long by 2 to 3i in. broad ; lateral veins about 6 or 7 on each side of
the midrib ; petioles 1£ to 3£ in. long, rigid, very brittle at the base
where they are jointed to the branchlets ; panicles of the numerous
white flowers terminal, very large, pyramidal or thyrsoid, divaricately
branched, about a foot long and nearly as broad ; common peduncle
about 3 in. long, deeply furrowed, robust ; ultimate pedicels very
short : bracteoles subulate or minute ; flowers ^ in. long ; calyx
campanulate-oblong, ^ in. long, subtruncate, indistinctly bilobed ;
corolla-tube ^ to ^ in. long ; limb 4-lobed, somewhat oblique ; throat
hairy ; stamens 4, subdidynamous, inserted on the corolla -throat,
glabrous, scarcely exserted ; style ^ in. long, glabrous, with two short
spreading branches at the apex ; fruit of a fine bluish colour, as large
as a juniper berry. In forests and palm groves in the Sobatos of
Calanga, Quilombo, Bango, etc., plentiful : fl. Jan., fr. March 1855.
Nos. 5639, 5724. At Sange ; fr. March 1856. COLL. CARP. 843.

It occurs also in the districts of Cazengo and Ambaca. See Welw.
Synopse Explic. p. 15, n. 36 (1862). The wood is also used for
internal doors, benches, etc. The local name is " Pa<5 Mungongue "
or "Mugongue."

2. P. polita Hiern, sp. n.

A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; branches elongated, puberulous or
nearly glabrate, lenticellate, subterete, subsarmentose, leafy ;
branchlets patent, often abbreviated or brachiate ; leaves oval
or ovate, acuminate and apiculate at the apex, obtuse or rounded
at the 3- to 5-nerved base, thinly coriaceous, minutely glandular,
deep green above, paler beneath, nearly glabrous or slightly
puberulous, somewhat glossy, entire or subrepand on the
narrowly revolute margin, opposite, spreading, 2 to 3 in. long
by § to 1 in. broad or rather larger ; venation rather slender ;
petioles f to f in. long, puberulous ; inflorescence terminal,
umbellate-corymbose, 2 to 3 in. in diameter, shortly pedunculate,
puberulous, divaricately branched, rather dense ; ultimate pedicels
short, bracteolate ; primary or sub-primary branches of the cymes
umbellate, bracteate at the bast ; bracts sublinear, about £ in.
long; bracteoles smaller; flowers numerous, about ^ in. long;
calyx T\j in. long, campanulate, glandular-puberulous, shortly
and unequally 5-lobed, the teeth obtuse ; corolla shortly tubular
glandular-puberulous outside, shaggy inside about the throat, the
lobes rather small ; stamens sub-didynamous, glabrous ; filaments
short, inserted at the corolla-throat; style slender, shortly
exserted, with 2 short spreading branches; fruit spheroidal,,
rounded at the apex, minutely glandular-puberulous, marked

Premna] xcvi. VERBENACE.E. 833

with 4 shallow longitudinal and other furrows, i to | in. long,
^- to £ in. broad, received at the base into the persistent not
lengthened calyx ; endocarp crustaceous ; seeds (in one case) 2.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In the more elevated thickets among the Alto
Queta mountains, very rare ; fl. Dec. 1855. No. 5656 ; fr July 1855
No. 5725.

Aspect somewhat of Siphonanthus glabra.

3. P. colorata Hiern, sp. n.

A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high in the primitive forests or in
secondary woods 12 to 15 f t. ; trunk slender, straight, 3 to 4 in.
in diameter at the base, with a whitish bark; head widely
spread ; branches opposite, patent ; branchlets spreading nearly
horizontally, more or less clothed with tawny short stellate
tomentose hairs, inconspicuously lenticellate ; leaves opposite,
oval or nearly so, acuminate at the apex, obtuse or obliquely
narrowed at the base, papery or membranous, entire or nearly so,
minutely glandular, pale green and more or less clothed with
tawny stellate hairs along the midrib and principal veins above,
subglaucescent and comparatively glabrescent beneath, 3 to 6 in.
long by 1^- to 3 in. broad ; lateral veins about 6 on each side of
the midrib, slender ; petioles ^ to 1 in. long, tomentellous ;
flowers about •£§ in. long, as well as the whole inflorescence
pale-sulphur in colour or the flowers whitish violet, arranged
in terminal obtusely pyramidal pubescent patently branched
bracteate many-flowered panicles of 3 to 6 in. long; common
peduncles ranging up to 2 in. long, tawny-tomentose ; bracts and
bracteoles narrow, the lower ones J to § in. long, the upper ones
rather shorter; ultimate pedicels i in. long or shorter, tawny-
tomentose ; calyx campanulate or subhemispherical, somewhat
compressed, ^ to ^ in. long, persistent, shortly 5-lobed,
tomentose ; the lobes rounded or obtuse, equal or subequal ;
corolla tubular, about i to ^ in. long, glandular outside, quickly
deciduous; the tube \ to i in. long, ^T to ^ in. broad, sub-
gibbous about the middle ; the limb shortly bilabiate ; the upper
lip 3-lobed, with reflected lobes ; the lower lip directed forwards,
deeply emarginate ; stamens 4, didynamous, all fertile, glabrous ;
the filaments slender, inserted below the middle of the corolla,
exserted by -^ to T^- in. ; anthers small, shorter than broad,
2 -celled, dehiscing laterally ; style ^ in. long, glabrous, terminal,
exserted, bilobed at the apex, the branched stigmatose and
capitellate at the apex ; ovary ^V in. long, subglobose, entire,
superior, glandular above, 4-celled ; ovules solitary ; young fruit
glabrate, unlobed, ^ in. broad,

GOLUNGO ALTO.— Flowers whitish violet. In the more elevated
primitive forest of Cungulungulo ; fl. Feb. 1855. No. 5663.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — Flowers sulphur-coloured. In the deep valleys
among the gigantic rocks of the prsesidium at Casongue ; fl. Nov. 1856.
No. 5730. Flowers straw-coloured. In the wooded parts of Barranco
de Songue, sparingly ; fl. and young fr. Feb. 1857. No. 5736.
Flowers pale sulphur in colour. In shaded woods at the base of the

54

834 xcvi. VERBENACE.E. [Premna

gigantic rocks to the south-west of the presidium, near Pedra Sonde ;
fl. and young fr. 3 Jan. 1857. No. 5735. In fl. No. 5677.

The following twoNos. possibly belong to Premna, but I cannot
identify them with any described species; they are apparently
conspeciOc : —

GOLUNGO ALTO.— Shrubby ; branches spreading, ascending, glabrate
or obsoletely puberulous, cinereous ; branchlets angular, beset with
short close pallid stellate hairs ; leaves ternate or opposite, obovate,
obtuse and apiculate at the apex, wedgeshaped at the base, thinly
coriaceous, dark green and nearly glabrate above, paler and beset with
short stellate pale hairs beneath, 2 to 3 in. long by f to 1£ in. broad,
entire or subrepand on the very narrowly revolute margin, exstipulate,
lateral veins about 6 on each side, slender : petioles £ to } in. long,
hairy at least above ; inflorescence terminal and subterminal, branched,
tomentose with pale stellate hairs, bracteate ; bracteoles narrow. Near
Quilombo ; fl. not developed, Jan. 1855. No. 5637.

HUILLA. — A shrub, 4 ft. high ; leaves narrowly elliptical or obovate.
In thickets near the Ivantala lake, sporadic ; fl. not developed, end of
Feb. 1860. No. 5754.

6. VITEX Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1154.

1. V. madiensis Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 134. t. 131
(1875).

V. camporum Biittn. in Verb. Bot. Brandenb. xxxii. p. 35 (1890).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— In the primitive forest a small tree of 6 to 8 ft.,
but in secondary thickets a shrub of l£ to 3 ft. sometimes somewhat
erect sometimes almost decumbent ; leaves sometimes simple some-
times trifoliolate ; infructescence axillary, cymose ; common peduncle
If in. long, puberulous ; fruit glabrescent, £ in. in diameter ; fruiting
calyx hemispherical, sub-entire. In wooded sunny places and in rather
dry open thickets in Sobata de Mussengue, at Menha-Lula ; fr. May
1855. No. 5713. In fl. No. 5728.

Var. parvifolia.

Leaves trifoliolate or simple; the middle or only leaflet li to
2f in. long by 1 to If in. broad ; the lateral ones smaller.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A shrub of 6 to 8 ft., perhaps in the primitive
forest a tree ; flowers violet-blue ; fruit like a grape in shape, almost
as large as that of V. Cienkowskii (Welw. herb. nn. 5633, 5645). In
the drier secondary thickets of Sobato de Mussengue ; fl. Jan. 1856.
No. 5636.

V. simplicifolin Oliv., I.e., p. 133. 1. 130, non C.B. Cl., is probably the
same species, since our specimens include both simple and trifoliolate
leaves and both longer and shorter peduncles.

2. V. Mechowii Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 167
(22 Dec. 1893).

V.flavescens Rolfe in Bot. Soc. Brot. xi. p. 87 (1894).

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A dwarf shrub, 2 to 3£ ft. high, softly shaggy-
tomentose throughout ; branches patent ; flowers violet-blue, or
reddish purple, comparatively large. In bushy secondary forests near
Cazella, between Zamba and Pungo Andongo ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856.
No. 5731. A shrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, divaricately branched ; flowers
lilac like those of rosemary. In sandy thickets between Cazella and
Luxillo, sparingly ; fl. 18 Oct. 1856. No. 5697.

Vitex] xcvi. VERBENACE.E. 835

The following perhaps belongs here : —

PUNGO AXDONGO. — A patently branched, bushy tree, 10 ft. high,
•with trifoliolate leaves and violet-coloured flowers ; fruit obovoid,
1 j in. long, with perfected seeds. At Candamba by the river Cuanza ;
fr. March 1857. COLL. CARP. 847.

3. V. angolensis GUrke, I.e.

HUILLA.— At Mumpulla, fl. Oct. 1859 ; fr. Feb. 1860. No. 5758-
Flowers violet in colour. In the Empalanca thickets, sporadic ; fl.
Jan. 1860. No. 5757-

4. V. Welwitschii GUrke, I.e., p. 166.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An elegant, densely leafy tree, 12 to 25 ft. high
or in the primitive forest probably taller ; leaves evergreen ; flower
violet in colour ; drupes (not quite ripe) almost globose, in shape and
size like those of a Queen Claude plum, juicy, at first greenish yellow,
afterwards dusky purple. In secondary woods close to the declivities
of the river Cuango, at the foot of the Queta mountains ; fl. June 1855
and March 1856 ; young fr. Aug. 1855. Xo. 5644.

This is perhaps the plant referred to by Welwitsch, Apontam. p. 585,
n. 15, as a scarcely described species of Vitex or allied genus, occurring
in the Golungo Alto primitive forests, and being a beautiful tree with
widely spread crown, palmately 5- to 7-foliolate leaves, violet-coloured
flowers, and large edible fruit prettily purple in the living state and
greedily searched for by the negroes and wild birds.

5. V. cuspidata Hiern, sp.n.

A tall tree, in old age leafy only at the top ; timber excellent ;
branches spreading, minutely squamulose, smooth ; branchlets
opposite, softly tomentellous, patent, tawny-shaggy at the tips ;
leaves opposite, spreading, digitately 3- to 5-foliolate; common
petioles 2 to 4 in. long, slender, more or less tomentellous ; central
leaflet obovate, acutely cuspidate at the apex, wedgeshaped at the
shortly petiolulate base, thinly coriaceous, deep green rather
glossy and more or less furnished with scattered minute tubercles
or scales above, subferruginous and softly tomentellous especially
along the midrib and spreading lateral veins beneath, entire,
2i to 4^ in. long by 1 to 1^ in. broad ; the lateral leaflets smaller ;
infructescence axillary, lax, divaricately branched, equalling or
exceeding the leaves ; common peduncle 3 to 4^ in. long, rigid,
rather slender, tomentellous or obsoletely so ; bracteoles narrow,
deciduous, hairy; unripe fruit ovoid, obtuse, subglabrate, \ in.
long, \ in. broad, — in. thick ; fruiting calyx subhemispherical,
shortly puberulous or obsoletely so, i in. long, the lobes unequal,
shallow.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In the more elevated forests among the mountains
of Serra de Alto Queta ; young fr. April 1856. Xo. 5665 and COLL.
CARP. 849.

The foliage in shape somewhat resembles that of V. Welwitschii.

6. V. Guerkeana.

V. rufescens Giirke, I.e., p. 169; non A. Juss. in Ann. Mus.
Paris, vii. p. 77 (1806).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A tree, 25 to 35 ft. high ; head widely spreading,

836 xcvi. VEEBENACBA [Vitex

very elegant ; branches spreading, the lower ones brachiate-ascending.
In. the primitive forests of mount Cungulungulo, rather rare, not
opening its flowers for a whole year ; fl.-bud Feb. 1855. No. 6632.

The Fungus n. 42 at Camilungo in June 1855 grew on the decayed
trunklets of a Vite-x, perhaps this species.

The following two Nos. should be compared with this species ;
the second one should also be compared with V. rivularis Gurke
ms. in PL Zenker. n. 1333 from the Cameroons : —

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A young tree, 5 ft. high, resembling a horse-
chestnut in habit. In the Queta forests, sparingly ; without fl. or f r.
Oct. 1855. No. 5654. A tall tree, almost like a horse-chestnut in
habit, differing from the last No. by its leaflets being acutely toothed
at the apex and without ferruginous pubescence. In the more elevated
forests among the Queta mountains ; without fl. or fr. middle of Oct.

1855. No. 5712.

7. V. Cienkowskii Kotschy & Peyr. PL Tinn. p. 27. n. 42,
t. 12 (1867).

V. paludosa Vatke in Linnaea, xliii. p. 534 (1882).
GOLUNGO ALTO. — An extensive tree ; head very broad, depressed-
"hemispherical ; flowers violet in colour ; fl. Jan. 1855 and May 1856.
No. 5645. A vast tree, 30 to 50 ft, high ; timber whitish, good ; head
widely spreading ; branches patent, somewhat tortuous ; leaves hard
coriaceous, very rigid, glossy, subglaucous beneath ; flowers lilac like
those of rosemary ; fruit like a grape in shape, as large as a moderate-
sized pigeon's egg. In deep valleys among the Queta mountains, close
to streams ; fl. Dec. 1855 ; fr. March 1856. No. 5633. A densely
leafy tree, 12 ft. high, with somewhat erect branches and violet-
coloured flowers. At Arimo de Mariano ; fr. beginning of July

1856. COLL. CARP. 844. In forests near Sange, plentiful ; fr. July

1857. COLL. CARP. 845. A handsome, evergreen tree ; leaves
5-foliolate ; flowers pale violet in colour ; fruit drupaceous blackish
purple, with a large seed. In the primitive forests of Undelle ; fr.
Aug. 1857. COLL. CARP. 846.

Lichens nn. 291, 313, grew on the leaves, also Unona luciduln Oliv.
(Welw. herb. no. 758) and Angraecum Galeandrce Reichenb. f . (Welw.
herb. no. 658) grew on this tree. The Bunda name is " Muxillo-xillo "
or " Muxillo-xyllo ; " see Welw. Apontam. p. 550 under no. 95, and
Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 241 (1884). The branches of the large trees
are pendulous, and the flesh, which envelopes the stone in the fruit is
very oily. No. 5746, also from Golungo Alto, in fl.-bud and young fr.,
with leaflets narrowly elliptical or obovate wedgeshaped at base and
ranging up to 8£ in. long by 3J in. broad, and with petioles ranging
up to 6 in. long, perhaps belongs here.

It was probably this tree, growing in the district of Puxr;o ANDONGO,
the heads of which were covered with the parasite Casitytha filiformis
L. (Welw. herb. no. 6428). It may also be the " Mucolocolo,'" a very
lofty tree with 5-foliolate leaves, racemose nodding flowers, and fruits
as large as oranges containing oily seeds ; plentiful in Golungo Alto,
chiefly at the foot of meadows.

8. V. Doniana Sweet, Hort. Brit., edit. 1, p. 323 (1827).
V. umbrosa Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. v. p. 455 (1824), non
Swartz (1788).
GOLUNGO ALTO.— A small tree of 8 to 12 ft., or in secondary thickets

Vitex] XCVT. VERBENACE.fi. 837

a shrublet of 2 ft. freely flowering and fruiting ; flowers violet- bluish.
On rather dry bushy slopes and in reed-beds among the Queta
mountains ; .fl. May 1855. Nos. 5634, 5635- Roadway leading to
Cubata de Tindandolo ; fl. April and May 1855. A form with the
leaflets softly and shortly pilose beneath. No. 5695.

Var. ? pumila.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — Pedras de Guinga ; in fl. and young fr.
No. 5668. A small subglabrous shrub, 1£ to 3 ft. high ; stems
numerous, simple, erect ; leaves 3- to 5-f oliolate, coriaceous ; flowers
becoming violet in colour. In wooded thickets near Pedra de G-uinga,
rather rare ; fl. March 1857. No. 5747-

The type specimen of the above species in the National Herbarium
is too imperfect to warrant certainty of identification with our
specimens ; the Pungo Andongo plants belong perhaps to a distinct
species from those of Golungo Alto.

9. V. huillensis Hiern, sp. n.

Closely branched ; branchlets ascending, obtusely angular,
somewhat tawny or ashy, more or less tomentellous with pallid
short soft hairs ; leaves mostly ternate, digitately 3- to 5-foliolate ;
common petiole 1 to 2 in. long, pilose-tomentellous ; central leaflet
obovate, often narrowly so, shortly acuminate pointed or rounded
at the apex, wedgeshaped or obtuse at the base, thinly and
firmly coriaceous, yellowish green and somewhat scabrid above
with very short deciduous hairs arising from minutely tubercular
persistent bases, pallid and softly and shortly pilosulous beneath,
entire, 2 to 3i in. long by 1|- to If in. broad, shortly petiolulate ;
lateral veins about 10 on each side of the midrib, slender, midrib
prominent beneath ; lateral leaflets smaller ; inflorescence axillary,
softly pilose-tomentose with pallid hairs, densely cymose, shorter
and narrower than the leaves ; common peduncle f to 1^ in. long ;
bracts very narrow, subulate, £ in. long or shorter, deciduous ;
ultimate pedicels very short ; flowers numerous, ^ to ^ in. long ;
calyx hairy outside, glabrous inside, obliquely campauulate in
flower, somewhat enlarged and hemispherical in young fruit,
shortly 5-lobed ; the lobes subdeltoid, pointed, somewhat unequal ;
corolla-tube •§- to ^ in. long, above hairy outside, nearly glabrous
below both inside and out, oblique at the top ; the limb unequally
5 -partite ; the lowest lobe rounded, T^ in. long, suberect or
spreading, hairy outside near the base, glabrous above and inside ;
the other lobes smaller ; the throat glabrous or nearly so ;
stamens 4, subdidynamous ; filaments pilosulous, inserted about
the middle of the corolla-tube ; anthers short, just exserted ; style
i in. long, equalling the longer stamens, slender, glabrous or
microscopically glandular, bifid at the top ; ovary small, 4-celled,
as glabrous as the style.

HUILLA. — In the wooded parts of the Catumba country among tall
bushes ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1859. No. 5759.

10. V. andongensis Baker & Hiern, sp. n.

Branches woody, tawny, scarcely tetragonal, pilose and leafy at
the apex ; glabrate below ; leaves opposite, digitate, quinque-

838 xcvi. vERBENACE.fi. [Vitex

foliolate ; central leaflet broadly elliptical oval or somewhat ovate,
shortly and acutely acuminate or only apiculate at the apex,
somewhat narrowed or obtuse at the base, thinly coriaceous,
entire, yellowish green (in the dry state) and nearly glabrous
above, pallid and shortly tomentellous beneath, 2| to 6^ in. long,
by 1| to 3} in. broad ; lateral veins 10 to 20, slender, spreading-
ascending ; lateral leaflets rather smaller ; common petiole 4 to
8 in. long, robust, slightly or obsoletely tomentellous; central
petiolule ^ to If in. long, somewhat or obsoletely tomentellous ;
lateral petiolules rather shorter; inflorescence axillary, divaricately
and dichotomously cymose, sometimes with a single shortly pedi-
cellate flower in the forks, shorter than the leaves, shortly tomen-
tellous ; peduncle 1^ to 4 in. long; ultimate pedicels mostly very
short ; bracts narrow, tomentose beneath, |- in. long or shorter,
deciduous ; flowers numerous, mostly crowded, about ^ in. long,
calyx ^ in. long, cup-shaped, subtruncate, scarcely or irregularly
toothed, pallid and tomentellous outside, glabrous inside, some
what increased in fruit; corolla about | in. long; the tube
obliquely funnel-shaped, y in. long, glabrous below ; the limb
unequally 5 -partite ; the lobes obtuse and rounded at the apex,
shortly tomentellous at the back, glabrous inside ; the lowest
lobe £ in. long, suberect ; the other lobes shorter, spreading or
reflected ; the throat hairy ; stamens 4, subdidynamous, inserted
at the throat of the corolla, glabrous ; anthers short, first ex-
serted ; young fruit egg-shaped, ^ in. long, glabrate, received at
the base in the cup of the persistent calyx.
PUNGO ANDONGO.— In fl. and young fr. Dec. 1856. No. 5696.

This specias differs from V. cuneata Thonn. by the subtruncate
calyx. The following perhaps belongs here : —

PUNGO ANDONGO.— An erect little tree, 2 to 6 ft. high, divaricately
branched at the apex. In thickets at Condo and Quisonde ; fr. March
1857. Fruit obovoid-oblong, £ in. long or rather more. Called
" Muxillo cafele." COLL. CAKP. 848.

11. V. oxycuspis Baker in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. ined.

"A small tree, 15 to 20 ft. high ; branchlets glabrous ; leaves
3- to 5-foliate, membranous, green and glabrous on both sides ;
leaflets obovate-cuneate, irregularly crenate, with a large linear
cusp, distinctly stalked ; end one 6 to 8 in. long by less than half
as broad ; main petiole 2 to 3 in. long ; cymes lax, long-peduncled,
axillary ; branchlets glabrous ; flower-calyx campanulate, glabrous,
T^ in. long ; teeth short, deltoid ; corolla glabrous, three times the
length of the calyx ; fruit unknown." — Baker MS.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A low bush, probably a young state of a tree ;
trunk erect ; branches slender, glabrous, erect-spreading ; leaves 5- to
d-foliolate, membranous, glabrous ; leaflets narrowly elliptical, acumi-
nate, coarsely serrate-dentate, somewhat shining, green above, sub-
glaucous beneath, H to 4£ in. long by £ to 1J in. broad ; petiole £ in.
long or less. In secondary woods in the Eastern Quota mountains •
without fl. or fr. Feb. 1856. No. 5671.

This species is founded on a specimen collected by Mann, n. 2243.

Siphonanthw] xcvi. VERBENACE.E. 839

7. SIPHONANTHUS L. Gen. PL edit. 2, p. 526. n. 1020 (1742),
& Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 109 (May 1753).

Volkameria L. Syst. Nat., edit. 1 (1735), & Sp. PL, edit. 1,
p. 637 (Aug. 1753). Ovieda L. Gen, PL, edit. 1, p. 59. n- 170
(1737), & Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 637 (Aug. 1753). Clerodendrum
L. Gen. PL, edit. 1, p. 384. n. 517 (1737), & Sp. PL, edit. 1,
p. 637 (Aug. 1753); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1155
(Ckrodendron).

1. S. Welwitschii.

Clerodendron Welwitschii Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 174
(22 Dec. 1893).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — At Quibixe. Leaves ranging up to 11 in. long
by 8£ in. broad ; without fl. or fr. July 1855. No. 5687- A shrub,
climbing widely, bluntly spiny ; leaves at the time of the flowering
soft, deep herbaceous green, the adult ones at length rigid, thick, ashy;
calyx and corolla (perhaps not yet fully expanded) herbaceous green ;
corolla sub-bilabiate, 5-cleft ; stamens 4 ; style ascending ; stigma
somewhat bifid. In bushy hilly places near Sange, at Alto de Ciniterio;
fl. middle of Sept. 1855, fr. beginning of Nov. No. 5739. Petioles
spinescent ; flowers white, very pleasantly fragrant. In the dense
thickets of declivities in Sobato da Bumba-Quibixe, sporadic ; fl. end
of Sept. 1855. No. 5648. In fl. Nos. 5686, 5745. In fl.-bud. No.
5689. Without fl. or fr. No. 5734.

2. S. sanguinea Hiern, sp. n.

A climbing shrub, mostly leafless at the time of flowering, in
its early stages an erect bush of 5 or 6 ft., at length scandent
with one or two elongated branches ; leaves opposite or ternate
or rarely alternate, broadly ovate or sub-rotund, acuminate-
apiculate at the apex, more or less and usually deeply cordate at
the base, somewhat fleshy and thinly coriaceous, remotely toothed
or repand, sparingly hispid-pilose above with stiff adpressed
deciduous hairs arising from minutely bulbous persistent bases,
rather paler and more densely clothed with softer hairs beneath,
the adult leaves ranging up to 15 in. in length and breadth, 3- or
5-nerved at the base, those next the inflorescence smaller and
subsessile ; lateral veins rather few, alternate or subopposite,
rather slender ; petioles tomentellous or puberulous, striate, the
adult ones ranging up to 9^- in. long ; flowering spike terminal,
dense, (including the flowers) about a foot long, blood-red purplish
throughout except the white corollas ; bracts oblanceolate or
broader, pointed, f in. long ; flowers slightly fragrant ; calyx f to
f in. long, puberulous, shortly ciliate, campanulate at the base ;
the limb deeply 5-cleft ; the lobes erect, persistent, oblong-ovate,
acute, f to ^ in. long, not enlarging as the fruit ripens ; corolla
tubular ; the tube elongated, pilose outside, 5 to 6 in. long, slender,
a little dilated at the base ; the limb 1 to 1^- in. in diameter, 5-
partite ; the segments oval, equal, patent-reflected, rather obtuse,
clothed outside with thin reddish hairs ; stamens 4, inserted a
little below the throat of the corolla, all far exserted ; filaments
didynamous, spirally twisted, subsecund ; connective of the

840 xcvi. VERBENACEjE. [Siphonanthits

anthers thick, dorsifixed ; anther-cells distinct ; ovary obovoid,
deeply 4-sulcate, 4-celled ; ovules solitary in each cell; carpels
glabrous, shining; fruit about * in. long ; seeds pendulous.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In little woods at the base of the gigantic rocks
at Cazella, sporadic ; fl. middle of Jan. 1857. No. 5705. At Catete,
fl Feb 1857 • also in wooded thickets near Quilange in the presidium;
fl'. middle of April 1857. No. 5688.

3. S. conglobata.

Clerodendron conglobatum Baker, ms. in Herb.

A climbing, pale green shrub, spiny in consequence of the base
of the petioles at length becoming woody ; branchlets pubescent
with pale spreading jointed deciduous hairs; leaves irregularly
oval or oblong, more or less cuspidate at the apex, nearly rounded
or cordate at the base, entire, membranous, thinly hispid on both
faces with adpressed stiff jointed hairs, 2 to 6 in. long by 1 to 3
in. broad ; lateral veins about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender ;
petiole £ to 1£ in. long, densely pubescent with spreading jointed
hairs, often bent near the base, the upper part being deciduous
and the lower part hardening; flowers white, densely crowded
in hemispherical heads or abbreviated cymes terminating the
branches and short lateral shoots ; bracts elliptical, hairy, ciliate,
veiny, acute, ^ to £ in. long ; bracteoles narrow ; peduncles short ;
pedicels very short ; calyx $ to £ in. long, deeply 5-lobed ; the
segments ovate, acute, ciliate, veiny ; corolla-tube slender, thinly
pubescent, about an inch long ; the limb about £ in. in diameter ;
filaments exserted by i to £ in., slender, curved, glabrous ; style
slender, glabrous, exserted by nearly an inch.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — At the bottom of rather elevated rocks in dense
thickets near Caboudo ; fl. middle of Jan. 1857. No. 5629.

On a specimen in the British Museum set there is a bilobed
leaf, probably an accidental occurrence. The species was collected
by Capello, n. 121, between Caconda and Bihe, where it is called
" Tandabale."

4. S. stricta.

Clerodendron strictum Baker ms. in Herb.

An undershrub, 1£ to 2 ft. high; rootstock woody, polycephal-
ous ; stem erect, simple at least above, more or less pubescent
with very short papilliform hairs intermixed with spreading
jointed less short hairs, pallid, leafy, straight ; leaves opposite or
nearly so, erect-patent, oval or obovate-oblong, pointed or sub-
acuminate at the apex, obtusely narrowed or nearly rounded at
the tri-nerved base, herbaceous-membranous, green and hispidulous
with depressed venation above, somewhat scabrid pale green and
with raised venation beneath, 3^ to 6 in. long by 1^ to 2^ in.
broad; lateral nerves about 6 on each side of the midrib, 'con-
spicuous and hispid beneath ; tertiary veins clearly marked and
hispid beneath ; petiole i to i in. long, hispid with short curving
pale hairs ; flowers white, on very short pedicels, crowded many
together in terminal subsessile bracteate sub-capitate cymes;

XCVI. VERBENACE.E. 841

bracts varying from ovate or obovate to narrowly elliptical, very
acute, hairy at the back, ciliate, ^ to 1 in. long, veiny ; calyx f- in.
long, deeply 5- or 4-lobed, the lobes ovate, very acute, resembling
the bracts in substance and hairiness ; corolla-tube slender, hairy
outside, about 2 in. long or rather more ; the limb about ^ in.
in diameter ; the lobes 5, obtuse, imbricate in aestivation ; stamens
didynamous ; filaments spiral in aestivation, in flower straight and
exserted by ^ or 1 in., nearly glabrous, slender ; style exserted
by more than an inch, nearly glabrous, slender.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In secondary wooded thickets by the river
Caghuy between Caghuy and the river Cuanza ; fl. middle of Jan.
1857. No. 5685.

5. S. cuneifolia.

Clerodendron cuneifolium Baker ms. in Herb.

Flowering branchlets obtusely quadrangular, pallid, clothed
with short curly hairs mixed with some long jointed ones ; inter-
nodes shorter than the leaves, not or scarcely thickened ; leaves
opposite, erect-patent, obovate. narrowly and abruptly cuspidate
at the apex, narrowed towards the often obtuse trinerved base,
membranous, deep green and adpressedly hairy above, pallid and
hairy at least along the midrib and principal veins beneath,,
irregularly toothed along the upper part below the cusp, entire
below, 2^ to 3^ in. long by l£ to If in. broad; lateral veins
about 6 on each side of the midrib, slender, erect-patent ; petiole
^ to i in. long, hairy, often bent at one or both ends, the base
thickening; flowers crowded in dense subsessile terminal hemi-
spherical abbreviated cymes or heads ; bracts elliptical, acute at
both ends, about \ in. long ; calyx deeply lobed, § in. long ; the-
lobes elliptical, acute, ciliate, veiny, nearly ^ in. long; corolla-
tube slender, 1^ to 2 in. long, thinly pubescent ; the limb about
i in. in diameter ; filaments and style exserted.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — No precise locality ; in fl. No. 5684.

This closely resembles the last species, but the shape of the leaves is
different.

6. S. splendens.

Clerodendron splendens G. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. xi. p. 349
(1824).

ZENZA DO G-OLUNGO.— In wooded places at the Mongolo riverr
Muxao ; fl. Sept. 1854. No. 5664.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — On rocks aud in bushy places between Cacarambola
and Cambondo ; fl. beginning of Feb. 1855. No. 5646. A shrub, 4 to
5 ft. high, climbing with divaricate branches ; leaves softly coriaceous,,
bullate-rugose ; flowers very pleasantly flesh-coloured to reddish. In
the Alto Queta secondary thickets, rather rare ; fl. beginning of August
1856. No. 5740. A shrub with splendid purple flowers ; capsules
shining, black ; endocarp orange in colour. From Calfilo to Cami-
lungo, plentiful. At Sange ; fr. Sept. 1855. Apparently this species.
COLL. CARP. 850.

Yar.? Bakeri.

Scandent ; leaves villose-tomentose, cordiform, ranging up to-

#42 xcvi. VERBENACE.S. [Siphonanthus

5 in. long by 4£ in. broad, cuspidate-acuminate at the apex ;
petioles ranging up to 6 in. long or more; flowers about 1£ in.
long, brilliantly scarlet ; calyx 5 -cleft.

SIERRA LEONE.— At Sierra Leone, cultivated and perhaps indi-
genous ; fl. Sept. 1853. No. 5653.

This variety is possibly the climbing shrub with very beautiful
flowers, growing by fences in mountainous situations near Freetown
in Sierra Leone in Dec. 1853, and mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann.
Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (Aug. 1854), p. 83. n. 75.

7. S. glabra.

Clerodendron glabrum E. Mey. Comment. PL Afr. Austr. p. 273
(1837),

LOANDA.— In the churchyard of the island of Loanda ; fl. and fr.
March 1854. No. 5651. A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high, the whole plant
smelling like cooked meat ; stems numerous, branched or simple ;
branches sometimes erect, sometimes patent ; flowers white, In
bushy sandy places behind Maranga do Povo ; fl. Feb. 1858. No. 5710.
A patently branched, fetid shrub, 4 to 7 ft. high, with white flowers.
In sandy places at the seaside near Praia de Zamba Grande ; fl. begin-
ning of Feb. 1858. No. 5721. A much-branched shrub, 4 to 6 ft.
high ; leaves ternate, somewhat fleshy, glossy, yellowish green, rather
flaccid, strong-smelling ; flowers pentamerous, white, fragrant ; calyx-
lobes lanceolate-subulate ; corolla-lobes rounded-obtuse, somewhat
wavy ; stamens 4 or 5 or 6 ; stigma somewhat bifid ; drape spherical
or nearly so, turning black when ripe, 4-furrowed, mucronate with the
remains of the style, received at the base into the 5- to 7-toothed calyx.
In sandy rugged places above Loanda, near Alto das Cruzes, not
uncommon ; fl. and unripe fr. 8 Dec. 1858. No. 5625. In fl. No. 5657-

ICOLO E BENOO. — Near Foto ; without fl. or fr. Perhaps this
species. No. 5655.

Var. incarnata.

A shrub, 2 to 5 ft. high ; branches shortly and softly pubescent,
erect or spreading ; leaves coriaceous, herbaceous green, somewhat
fleshy, 1 to 2 in. long by £ to 1 in. broad, mostly ternate ; petiole
i to £ in. long ; flowers flesh-coloured ; stamens 4.

MOSSAMEDES.— In thickets at the mouth of the river Bero, in sandy
somewhat salt places ; fl. July 1859. No. 5753.

This variety has the habit of S. (Clerodendron) Rehmannii (Giirke in
PL Wilm. n. 601) from the Transvaal, but the foliage of our specimens
is nearly glabrous and the corolla-tube is shorter.

Var. vaga.

A shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, sparingly branched ; branches pallid,
tomentellous, rambling ; branchlets hoary-tomentose ; leaves mostly
ternate or quaternate, | to 1 in. long by | to £ in. broad, more or
less pubescent ; petiole | to £ in. long ; flowers white.

BENGUELLA.— In maritime thickets near Bemraella ; fl. March 1859.
No. 5752.

8. S. volubilis.

Clerodendrum volubile P. Beauv. Fl. Ow. i. p. 52, t. 32 (1806?).
C. multiftorum G. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. xi. p. 350 (1824).
ZENZA DO GOLUNGO.— At Muchao ; fl. Sept. 1854. No. 5675.

JSiphonanthus\ xcvi. VERBENACE.E. 843

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A low shrub, occasionally climbing with long
sarmentose branches ; calyx corolline, white, persistent ; corolla from
greenish to whitish, deciduous ; berries black, shining. In secondary
woods near CalOlo and Muria ; fl. and unripe fruit, Sept. 1854. No.
5630. At Quibolo ; fl. Aug. 1856. No. 5659. In fl. No. 5680.

9. S. formicarum.

Clerodendronformiccv)°um GurkeinEngl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 179
<22 Dec. 1893). C. triplliierve Rolfe in Bol. Soc. Brot.xi. p. 87 (1894).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In dry hilly places on the lower ranges of the
Queta mountains ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1854. No. 5622. A shrublet, some-
times 1 to 2 ft. high and standing erect, sometimes climbing to the
height of 4 to 5 ft. ; leaves ternate ; flowers white . In sunny thickets
among the Queta mountains ; fl. June and July 1856. No. 5661.

10. S. costulata Hiern, sp. n.

Glabrate on most parts, except the minutely puberulous inflo-
rescence ; branches woody, rather slender, subterete or slightly
compressed at the nodes, lenticellate, leafy towards the extremities ;
leaves opposite, spreading, oval, subelliptical or somewhat obovate,
obtusely acuminate and apiculate at the apex, rounded or obtusely
or obliquely narrowed at the base, entire or undulate-subrepand
on the very narrowly revolute margin, sometimes unequally 3-
nerved at the base, thinly coriaceous, rather glossy, somewhat
paler beneath, 2 to 4 in. long by f to 2| in. broad ; veins and
reticulation slender ; petioles £ to f in. long, transversely rugose,
the older ones usually articulate and bent at a right angle near
the base, the lower part thicker and often persistent, the upper
part (or the leaf-base) often bent again at the apex ; inflorescence
paniculate, obtusely pyramidal, many-flowered, bracteate, about
2 to 3 in. in diameter, 4 to 6 in. long, terminating the branches
or branchlets ; the primary divisions patent, rather lax, opposite,
slender ; the ultimate pedicels |- to i in. long, slender, sometimes
bracteolate ; bracts and bracteoles narrow ; flowers pentamerous ;
calyx campanulate-oblong, delicately ribbed longitudinally, shortly
lobed, about i in. long ; the lobes rather narrowly deltoid, acute,
nearly equal ; corolla tubular ; the tube ^ to f in. long, rather
slender ; the limb spreading or reflected, sub-bilabiate, deeply
lobed ; the lobes roundly obovate, -g- to £ in. long ; the throat
funnel-shaped ; stamens 4, didynamous, exserted ; the filaments
inserted at the bottom of the corolla-throat, ^ and f in. long ;
anthers about Jj in. long ; style about equalling or slightly
exceeding the longer filaments, bifid at the top.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In fl. Nos. 5679, 5682.

This species has the aspect of S. (Clerodendrmi) Buchholzii [Giirke
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xviii. p. 176 (1893)], but the flowers and leaves
are smaller and the net-veins on the lower surface of the leaves more
conspicuous ; it differs from S. (C.) Preussii (Giirke, I.e., p. 175) by the
shape of the calyx, etc.

11. S. botryodes Hiern, sp. n.

A sarmentose, glabrous shrub ; branches terete, smooth ; leaves
opposite subopposite or alternate, elliptical or oblong, obliquely

g44 xcvi. VERBENACE^. [Siphonanthus

obtuse rounded or subcordate at the base, mostly acuminate at
the apex, herbaceous, 3 to 12 in. long by H to 5 in. broad, green
above, rather paler beneath, entire or occasionally paucidentate-
repand, minutely punctate, caducous at the time of the flower ;
reticulation slender, inconspicuous above ; petioles 1 to 2 in. long,
articulate and often abruptly bent above the base, the upper part
deciduous with the leaves, often leaving the thickened lower part
subpersistent and somewhat resembling blunt spines ; inflores-
cence oblong, 2 to 9 in. long, minutely puberulous, axillary or
arising from the thicker branches even at the base of the shrub,
many-flowered, pedunculate, bracteolate ; ultimate pedicels ^ to
-V in. long ; ultimate bracteoles narrow ; flowers white with rosy
tint ; calyx campanulate-oblong, i in. long, minutely glandular-
puberulous, shortly 5-lobed ; lobes deltoid, acute ; corolla tubular,
funnel-shaped, £ to | in. long, 5-lobed, sub-bilabiate ; the lobes
obovate, rounded at the apex, not very unequal, about £ in. long ;
stamens 4, subdidynamous, exserted, glabrous ; filaments inserted
at the bottom of the corolla-throat, |- to £ in. long ; anthers T^ in.
long; style glabrous, exserted, nearly reaching the top of the
longer filaments, bifid at the tip.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In secondary woods by rivulets in Sobato de
Mussengue ; fl. Aug. 1855. No. 5714. In the shady parts of the
Sobatos Bumba and Bango, at the banks of streams, not uncommon ;
fl. Sept. 1855. No. 5738. In the forest near Menha Lula in Sobato
de Mussengue ; fl. Sept. 1855. No. 5662. At Quibolo ; leaves of the
previous year (soon falling), without fl. or fr. May 1856. No. 5711

The two following Nos. may be compared with this species, but
the leaves are wedge-shaped at the base : —

GOLUNGO ALTO, — A young shrub-like little tree, 5 ft. high ; trunk
ashy, straight, oppositely spiny ; branches compressed near the nodes ;
the upper leaves membranous, the lower leaves coriaceous. At the
cataracts of the river Cuango ; without fl. or fr. May 1855. No. 4537.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A robust shrub, scandent and pendulous; leaves
alternate, coriaceous, shining. In secondary thickets grown up after
the burning of the forests ; without fl. or fr. Dec. 1855. No. 6713.

12. S. myricoides.

Clerodendrum myricoides R. Br. in Salt, Abyss., App. p. Ixv.
(1814), name only. Spironema myricoides Hochst. in PI. Abyss,
exsicc. i. n. 330 (1840). Cyclonema myricoides Hochst. in Flora
xxv. p. 225 (1842).

LOANDA.— A tall shrub, well worth cultivating, 3 to 5 ft. high ;
stems numerous, erect or oblique, pale green, marked with white scars,
virgate, trichotomously branched ; leaves acuminate at the apex,
attenuate and quite entire at the base, strongly serrate in the middle,
membranous, bright green, more or less puberulous ; calyx almost
constantly glabrous, blackish purple or greenish purple, its lobes very
obtuse ; corolla pale blue, the middle lobe of the lower lip blue and
thus making the flower to resemble almost exactly that of a dog-violet;
stamens in the late flowers not uncommonly very short and not
circinate ; drupes blackish purple, when fully ripe certainly juicy,
edible, 4-pyrenous or*by abortion 3- to 1-pyrenous. In quite dry and

XCVI. VERBENACE.K 845

also in moist sandy bushy places from. Penedo to Quicuxe, not un-
common, in dull rainy seasons flowering and fruiting two or three
times in a year ; near Quicuxe, fl. and fr. 7 Feb. 1859. No. 5700. At
Penedo ; fr. with scarcely good seeds, April 1854. COLL. CARP. 851.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A shrub, formed like a little tree, 4 to 6 ft. high;
trunk simple, straight ; head much branched ; flowers in shape and
colour like dog-violets. In mountainous rocky places about Sange ; fl.
March 1856. No. 5698. A form with rather larger foliage and flowers.
No. 5623. Infl. No. 5708.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A very elegant little tree, 7 to 9 ft. high ; trunk
slender, straight, below without branches ; head broadly ovate, densely
leaf y, 6 to 8 ft. in diameter ; leaves membranous but somewhat fleshy,
turning black and falling off in drying, deep green and but little glossy
above, pallid beneath ; flowers very abundant, pale blue, the lip more
deeply coloured. In the rocky pastures of Pedra de Cabondo, rather
rare ; fl. Nov. 1856. No. 5699. An undershrub, 1^ to 3 ft. high,
erect or ascending at the base ; leaves ternate or quaternate, sub-
coriaceous, somewhat shining above, paler beneath ; flowers handsome,
from cornflower-blue to sky-blue, resembling those of a violet. In
rocky thickets about Caghuy, plentiful ; fl. end of Nov. 1856. No.
5704. A shrub, 4 to 9 ft. high, much branched from the base ; leaves
membranous but somewhat fleshy, deep green above, scented like
cooked pork ; corolla pale blue, the lip concave and more deeply
violet-blue. In wooded thickets near Quilange; fl. and unripe fr.
Dec. 1856. No. 5707. A handsome undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high;
rhizome woody, polycephalous ; stems numerous, erect or oblique,
sparingly branched ; leaves quaternate, subverticillate, shining ; flowers
very pleasantly violet-blue ; drupes turgid, 2- or 3- or rarely 4-lobed,
when quite ripe blackish purple, with only a little red juice, eaten by
the negroes. On the more barren plains and in rocky thickets about
Pungo Andongo, very plentiful ; fl". and fr. from Feb. to April 1857.
No. 5703. In fl. . Nos. 5681, 5683.

Var. herbacea.

A perennial herb, with many erect branches from the base, 1^ to
2 ft. high ; flowers pale sky-blue, rather larger than in the type.

HUILLA.— In wooded places at lake Ivantala ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860.
No. 5768.

This species is probably the plant mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann.
Cons. Ultramar. Lisboa, No. 7, p. 84, n. 91 (Aug. 1854) ; and in Bol.
Offic. Gov. Angola, No. 700, p. 7. n. 91 (26 Feb. 1859). He described
it as a shrub of 4 to 6 ft., with very elegant whitish violet flowers like
a violet ; it was found rather rare in Loanda thickets in Jan. 1854.

13. S. assurgens Hiern, sp. n.

A robust undershrub or a shrub of 6 to 10 ft. high, climbing
high and widely ; stems woody at the base and upwards, becoming
whitish, quadrangular ; branches softly pubescent ; leaves opposite,
oval or somewhat elliptical, pointed obtuse or acuminate at the
apex, more or less obliquely narrowed or obtuse at the base, some-
what fleshy, rigid, scarcely glossy deep-green and with scattered
adpressed hairs above, paler and more closely clothed with hairs
and minute glands beneath, entire or nearly so, 3 to 5 in. long by
1^ to 3i in. broad, the floral ones smaller ; lateral nerves 4 to 7
on each side of the midrib, rather slender ; petioles ranging up

846 xcvi. VERBENACEJE. [Sip/ionttnthits

to an inch long, pubescent-tomentose ; inflorescence consisting of
comparatively few-flowered lax leafy bracteate pubescent terminal
panicles narrowing towards the apex ; lower peduncles axillary,
3- to 1 -flowered, slender, spreading, 1£ to 2^ in. long, the upper
ones successively shorter ; pedicels ranging up to H in. long,
mostly shorter ; bracteoles narrow ; flowers violet-blue but less
brightly so than in 8. myricoides ; calyx shortly campanulate,
i in. long, persistent, hairy outside, shortly 5-lobed, the lobes
obtuse or rounded ; corolla glabrous outside or nearly so ; the
tube about j in. long and broad, ventricose ; the limb bilabiate,
about i in. long ; the lobes large, obovoid, rounded at the apex,
spreading ; the throat hairy ; stamens 4, far exserted, nearly 1| in.
long, somewhat unequal, glabrous, inserted at the top of the
corolla-throat; style reaching about the same height, slender,
glabrous, bilobed at the apex; young fruit subglobose, about
£ in. in diameter.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In the primitive woods of Mata de Pungo ; fl.
and young fr. Feb. 1857. No. 5702. In bushy places at the outskirts
of primitive forests and in shady rocky places, rather rare ; fl. and
young fr. April 1857. No. 5701. In small primitive woods in the
presidium ; fl. April 1857. No. 5706.

This species belongs to the section Cyclonema.

14. S. dumalis Hiern, sp. n

A shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; branches subterete, pale brown,
glabrate, inconspicuously lenticellate ; branchlets softly pubescent-
tomentose, leafy at the extremities; buds tomentose; leaves
opposite, oval-obovate or elliptical, obtuse or pointed at the apex,
wedgeshaped at the base, firmly herbaceous, closely beset with
short stiff pale hairs and minute glands especially beneath, entire
or nearly so, pale green, 1 to 1£ in. long by | to $ in. broad, the
floral ones smaller ; petioles ^ to j in. long ; inflorescence terminal
or sub-terminal, somewhat leafy and bracteate, rather lax, 2 to
4 in. long, hispid-tomentose, the primary branches patent,
brachiate; common peduncle J to lj in. long; pedicels ranging
up to i in. long ; bracteoles spathulate or subulate ; flowers blue,
rather numerous ; calyx shortly and obliquely campanulate,
Y to ^ in. long, minutely glandular and beset with short whitish
stiff hairs outside, smooth inside, shortly lobed ; lobes rounded at
the apex, imbricate at the base, ciliolate ; corolla-tube y to £ in.
long, £ in. broad, oblique, ventricose, minutely glandular outside ;
limb sub-bilabiate, spreading, veiny, unequally 5-partite; the
lobes oval or obovate, rounded at the apex, ^ to £ in. long ; throat
shaggy, slit down one side ; stamens 4, subdidynamous, exserted ;
filaments glabrous above, shaggy at the base, inserted at the
bottom of the corolla-throat, £ to £ in. long ; anthers T*T in. long,
glabrous ; ovary glandular-squamulose ; style glabrous, equalling
or rather exceeding the stamens, cleft at the apex ; fruit quadrate-
globose, somewhat compressed, furrowed down the two sides, ^ in.
long and broad, £ in. thick, blackish.

HUILLA.— In thickets near Lopollo ; fl. Oct. 1859 ; fr. Jan. 1860 ;

Siph<yiianfkus\ xcvi. VERBENACE.E. 847

in company with Psiadia arabica Jaub. & Spach (Welw. herb,
no. 3914) and Duranta erecta L. (Welw. herb. no. 5760). No. 5763.

This belongs to the section Cyclonema and comes near to 8. (Cyclo-
nema) discolor (Kl.) and to S. (Clerodetulron) Neumayeri (Vatke).

8. AVICENNIA L. Syst. Nat., edit. 1 (1735); Sp. PI., edit. lr
p. 110 (May 1753) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1160.

Bontia P. Br. Hist. Jam. p. 263 (1756) ; L. Syst. Nat,, edit. 10,
part ii., p. 1122 (1759); non L. (1735 and 1753).

1. A. nitida Jacq. Sel. Stirp. Amer. Hist. p. 177, t. 112, f 1
(1763); L. Gen. PL, edit. 6, p. 579 (1764).

Bontia germinans L. Sp. PL, edit 2, p. 891 (1762), partly.
A. africana P. Beauv. Fl. Ow. i. p. 80, t. 47 (1806?) ; Benth. in
Hook. Niger FL p. 487 (1849) ; Welw. in Proceed. Linn. Soc. ii.
p. 328 (1854).

AMBRIZ. — Sometimes a great tree. Loge river ; fl. and fr. Nov.
1853. No. 5726.

LOANDA.— At Zamba grande ; fl. March 1854. No. 5641. ' A much-
branched little tree, 6 to 10 ft. high. At Praia da Zamba grande ;
fl. July 1858. No. 5709. Also near Maianga do Rei, with erect
asparagus-like radical shoots, on sand-banks, 26 Oct. 1853. A single
tree, about 25 ft. high ; at the right bank near the mouth of the river
Bengo, Nov. 1853. A shrub of 5 to 8 ft., with milk-white flowers ; on
the coast of the island of Loanda, fl. and fr., Oct. 1853, in company
with Rhizophora Mangle L. The seeds germinate within the pericarps ;
cotyledons very broad, conduplicate, bilobed at the base ; plumule
seated on a scape.

The Lichen n. 335 at Maiango do Povo, in Loanda, Feb. 1854, grew
on the Avicennia ; also Lichen n. 410 at Zamba grande, Dec. 1858.

The following is a very doubtful member of Yerbenacese; the
short account of the fruit is taken from Welwitsch's ms. : —

A handsome tree, 40 to 80 ft. high ; bark strongly cracked ;
branches erect-spreading, terete, dusky-ashy, lenticellate, glabrous ;
young shoots shortly puberulous, leafy ; leaves opposite and
subalternate, simple, exstipulate, oval or oblong, with a some-
what frangulaceous habit, rounded or obtuse at both ends and
often mucronulate at the apex, thinly coriaceous or firmly
membranous, minutely glandular on both faces, dark green and
glabrate or more or less figured with patches of scaly puberulence
above, paler or browner and often shortly pubescent by the sides
of the midrib and lateral veins beneath, evergreen, entire or
wavy-repand on the very narrowly revolute glabrous margin,
2 to 4 in. long by f to 2 in. broad ; lateral veins about 8 on each
side of the midrib, rather slender, erect-patent, sub-parallel ; net-
veins also sub-parallel, delicate ; petiole f to f in. long, articulate
at the base, glabrate or shortly puberulous ; fruit small, edible,
called by the negroes " Mungingi."

LIBONGO. — In a cultivated tamarind plantation, in Banza de Libongo ;
only one tree : without fl. or fr. 19 to 22 Sept. 1858. No. 6737-

GOLUNGO ALTO.— Leafy branch ; without fl. or fr. No. 6737 b.

The plant called " Mungingue " in Huilla is Fadogia Cwnkowskit
Schweinf.. ante, p. 481.

848 xcvu. LABIATE. [Ocimum

XCVII. LABIATE.

Plants of this order are scarce in the coast regions of Angola,
and are not plentiful in the mountainous forest districts, but
in the highland-plateau regions they gradually increase both in
genera and species, and become so abundant in individuals that
they exercise a decided influence on the physiognomy of the
pastures and banks of streams. Some genera are especially
conspicuous in consequence of their large white or rosy bracts
at the base of the white or violet-coloured flowers; several
species have filipendulous rhizomes, and some are very pleasantly
aromatic; the two species of Tinnea furnish from their dried
leaves antiscorbutic powders; and the genus Alvesia, when seen
without its flowers, much resembles rosemary.

1. OCIMUM L. ; Benth & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1171, partly.

1. 0. americanum Miller ex L. Diss. Cent. PI. i. p. 15. n. 42
(1755) (Ocymum); Mill. Gard. Diet., edit. 8, n. 4 (1768).

0. stamineum Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 2452 (1824), with descript.
0. canum Sims, I.e., name.

AMBRIZ.-ID fr. No. 5566.

LOANDA. — A rather dwarf annual, often whitish-hirsute throughout
when in young flower. By pools in a sandy clay soil, near Forte de
Conceicao ; fl. and fr. 12 July 1854. No. 5618. An annual, erect,
rather much-branched herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, bright' green in the living
state, soon becoming hoary in drying ; aroma agreeable ; flowers white
or whitish lilac. In dry hilly sandy and also on a moist clay soil,
throughout the district, plentiful ; in the pastures behind Penedo ; fl.
and fr. end of Feb. 1858. No. 5583 (partly). An annual herb, 1 to
2 ft. high, branched like a broom ; flowers violet-whitish. In rather
dry hilly places about Loanda, plentiful ; at Maianga del Rei, fl. and
fr. Jan. 1859. Nos. 5570, 5567, 5568 (partly).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Between Trombeta and Cabonda ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1854. No. 5571- An annual herb, met with during the whole
year on rubbish heaps, very pleasantly fragrant ; in cultivated and
also in uncultivated places at the margins of drying-up streams,
plentiful ; at Sange ; fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 5569. Wild every-
where and probably indigenous ; at Sange ; fl. March 1856. The
"Machericao (N-xilica) " of Golungo Alto. No. 5573. A low
shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; the lower branches woody, very crowded,
decumbent, tortuous, densely intricate ; the flowering branches and
branchlets erect ; leaves hoary-green, without gloss, paler beneath,
with a peculiar scent which was not noticed in the rest of the genus
and nearly resembled that of the lemon ; flowers very fugacious ;
corolla whitish, here and there spotted with violet, bilabiate, the upper
lip obtusely 4-lobed, the lower lip ovate-spa thulate and entire, both
lips long-ciliate, the tube naked ; stamens much projecting ; anthers
whitish ; style deep purple, bifid at the apex. On very dry decli vities
on the right bank of the river Delamboa, rather rare :" fl. and fr. end
of March 1856. No. 5574. At Pereira's house ; fr. end of March
1856. COLL. CARP. 853. Flowers whitish-reddish. In the hilly parts
of Quilombo Quiacatubia, in short grass ; fl. and fr. No. 5617-

MOSSAMEDES.— An annual herb, a foot high, pyramidally branched.

Ocimum] xcvu. LABIATE. 849

In the hilly sandy rocky parts of S. Antonio, sporadic : fl. and fr. end
of June 1859. A late specimen. No. 5504.

This is apparently the species of Ocimum, cultivated by the colonists
in Golungo Alto, and also wild, which is called " mangericao," a
Portuguese name which the negroes pronounce n'gilicd. See Fica'lho,
PI. Uteis, p. 241 (1884).

It is perhaps the Ocymum species mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann.
Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May 1856), p. 250. n. 118, as an under-
shrub remarkable for its very agreeable aroma and growing at Boa
Yista, Cacuaco, 10 Aug. 1854.

This species is perhaps not distinct from 0. basilicum L. ; according
to Miller it grew naturally in India.

The following note, which was found in Herb. Welw. with No. 6554
(Philoxerus vermiculatus Sm.) but cannot belong to it, is called
Ocimum, and possibly relates to No. 5568 as applied to this species or
to No. 5567 :—

LOAN DA. — An erect herb, 2 to 2£ ft. high, patently branched, but
little aromatic with the scent of Ocimum ; leaves somewhat limp,
beneath densely glandular-punctate, somewhat whitish ; flowers in
distant subsecund 3- to 7-flowered whorls ; calyx with the lower teeth
long-subulate, contiguous, nearly connate ; corolla bilabiate, white,
the lower lip entire, the upper lip trifid, the middle lobe bifid ; style
bifid at the apex, with subulate branches ; nutlets 4. obovoid, nearly

flabrous. In steep places on a sandy clay soil, above Penedo ; fl. and
r. July 1858.

2. 0. basilicum L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 597 (1753).

CAPE DE YERDE ISLANDS. — In the island of St. Jago ; fr. Jan. 1861.
A poor specimen, probably of this species. No. 5588.

3. 0. viride Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 629 (1809).
GOLUNGO ALTO. — A suffrutescent herb, 4 ft. high or more, strongly

and very agreeably aromatic ; rootstock woody ; stems numerous,
branched above. In open secondary thickets between Trombeta and
Cambondo ; fl. and fr. end of May 1855. No. 5564. An undershrub
or almost a shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, quasi-evergreen ; aroma peculiar,
very pleasant ; stems many from the same rootstock ; leaves dull
green. Occasional by negro villages, about Sange, Camilungo, etc. ;
fl. and fr. 19 July 1855. No. 5575.

4. 0. suave Willd., I.e.

PUNGO AXDONGO. — A tall herb, very agreeably sweet-scented
throughout ; rootstock becoming woody, perennial ; stem obtusely
tetragonal, deeply 4-f urrowed, branched, 3 to 4 ft. high, woody at the
base; leaves soft, somewhat limp, pale green above, turning pallid
beneath, very densely beset with pellucid dots; flowers white. In
bushy places at the base of the gigantic rocks near Caghuy, in company
with Yerbenacese (cf. Siphonanthus stricta • Welw. herb. no. 5685) ; fl.
and fr. 23 Jan. 1857. No. 5572- Pedras de Guinga ; in very young
fl.-bud Jan. 1857. A poor specimen, perhaps belonging here. No. 5744.

5. 0. Mans Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 36 (1848).

Yar. macrocaulon Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 161 (1894).

HUILLA. — Flowers whitish violet in colour. At Ferrao da Sola ; fl.
and fr. beginning of April 1860. No. 5493.

This is very nearly related to 0. knyanum Yatke, but the inflores-
cence is somewhat denser in our specimens than in the latter species.

55

850 xcvn. LABIATE. [Ocimum

Var. microphyllum Briq., I.e.

HUILLA.— At Mumpulla ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 5514.

6. 0. knyamun Vatke in Linntea xxxvii. p. 315 (1872).
LOANDA.— In fl. and fr. Nos. 5568 (partly), 5583 (partly).
MOSSAMEDES. — An annual, pleasantly aromatic, erect herb, with

whitish or purplish flowers. In sandy places, close to the river Bero,
here and there ; fl. and fr. July 1850. A poor specimen, perhaps of
this species. No. 5505-

Our specimens differ from the type of the species by being less
pubescent.

7. 0. modestum Briq., I.e., p. 162.

HUILLA.— Flowers whitish with a violet tinge. In rocky pastures
near Lopollo, among low bushes ; fl. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 5518.

8. 0. laxiflormn Baker, sp. n.

An erect, branched, suffruticose herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, sweetly
smelling like balm but less powerfully so ; stems slender, several^
pubescent; leaves opposite, ovate, pointed or sub-obtuse at the
apex, obtuse or nearly rounded at the base, thinly herbaceous,
sparingly pubescent and minutely glandular, dark green above,
paler beneath, crenate or serrate-crenate, 1 to 1§ in. long by 4- to
1£ in. broad ; petiole £ to f in. long, hirsute ; racemes terminal
and in the upper axils, slender, pubescent, glandular, 3 to 8 in.
long, shortly pedunculate ; verticils 2- to G-flowered, bracteate at
the base, the lower ones distant ; pedicels about ^ to £ in. long ;
bracts oval, ^ to ^ in. long ; flowers T3y in. long, white ; soon
withering; calyx obliquely oblong, gibbous at the base, ribbed,
£ in. long in flower, l in. long in fruit, 5-cleft, minutely glandular,
bilabiate, spreading or turning downwards in fruit, the posterior
lobe oval, more or less spreading ; the anterior lobes subulate,
erect ; the lateral lobes deltoid-acuminate ; corolla small, the tube
straight, about ^ in. long, the limb bilabiate ; stamens 4, didy-
namous, scarcely exserted ; filaments glabrous, not appendaged ;
style about equalling the longer filaments, somewhat thickened
at the bifid stigmatic apex ; nutlets ovoid-oblong, ^ in. long.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — By thickets close to the banks of the river Cuango,
not common ; fl. and fr. March 1856. No. 5554. In fl.-bud. Perhaps
this species. No. 5584.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — By moist thickets in the presidium, not plenti-
ful ; fl. and young fr. beginning of Nov. 1856. No. 5553. In thickets
in many spots but nowhere plentiful, by the Luxillo road ; fl. and fr.
Jan. 1857. No. 5552.

This species belongs to the section Gymnocimum.

9. 0. andongense Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, perennial, glabrescent herb, nearly 2 ft, high ; stems
rather slender, somewhat branched in the upper half, puberulous
at the apex ; leaves opposite, linear or oblong-linear, subobtuse at
the apex, narrowed at the sessile or shortly petiolate base,
minutely glandular or glabrate, firmly herbaceous, minutely
punctulate, denticulate oh the upper half of the margins, 1 to 1|
in. long by ^ to i in. broad ; venation distinct, branched ;

Ocimum] xcvii. LABIATE. 851

inflorescence terminal, the central spike about a foot long ;
verticils distant or the upper ones contiguous, 4- to 6-flowered,
bracteate at the base ; bracts puberulous, small, broad, caducous ;
pedicels very short ; flowers whitish-rosy, nearly glabrous, spread-
ing, large; calyx about ^in. long, tubular, somewhat puberulous,
pendulous in fruit, bilabiate, short 5-lobed ; the posterior lip
broad, entire, dark at the tip ; the anterior lip 4-lobed, denticulate-
fimbriate, thin, the lobes subulate at the apex from a broader
base ; corolla ^ in. long or rather more, bilabiate, the tube about
f in. long, straight ; stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments exserted,
free among themselves, the longer pair about 1^ in. long, the
shorter pair about f in. long ; style far exserted, 1^ in. long,
slender, bifid at the apex ; the style-branches slender, subulate,
nearly equal ; nutlets 4, oblong.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In a sandy thicket between Cazella and Luxillo ;
only one specimen ; fl. 18 Oct. 1856. No. 5769.

10. 0. huillense Hiern, sp. n.

A suffruticose herb; stem ascending from a decumbent base,
15 in. high, obtusely tetragonal above, leafy and clothed with
short whitish spreading scattered hairs ; leaves narrowly elliptical,
contracted towards the subacute apex, somewhat wedge-shaped at
the shortly petiolate base, firmly herbaceous, more or less sparingly
clothed with short whitish hairs, dark green above, rather ruddier
minutely glandular and punctulate beneath, repand or remotely
denticulate on the margin, about 3 in. long by f in. broad ;
inflorescence about 4 in. long, terminal, more or less clothed with
short whitish spreading hairs ; verticils about 6-flowered, the
lower ones distant, the upper ones approximated, the uppermost
ones forming the dense continuous apex of the spike ; flowers
subsessile, -| in. long ; calyx campanulate, ^ in. long, bilabiate ;
the posterior lip semicircular-ovate, subapiculate, |- in. long, erect
in the flower, decurrent, dark purple, a little overlapping the
anterior lip at its base ; anterior lip, truncate-ovate, with two
short subulate teeth at the apex which reaches about as high as
the apiculus of the posterior lip, purple, densely ciliate along the
top with short hairs which form a whitish frill ; corolla-tube
about f in. long, funnel-shaped ; the limb bilabiate ; the posterior
lip broad, trifid, with rounded lobes ; the anterior lip oval, nearly
as long ; stamens 4, didynamous, exserted, the filaments coiled up
together with the style in the bud, all free among themselves,
glabrous, two of them with a broad tooth or appendage at the
base ; style exserted, glabrous, long, cleft at the apex into 2 short
narrow branches.

HUILLA.— In fl. No. 5488.

2. HEMIZYGIA Briq. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3a, p. 368
(1897), and in Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Geneve, ii. p. 244 (Dec. 1898),

Ocimum sect. Hemizygia, Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 41 (1848).
Ocimum Benth & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1171, partly.

852 xcvu. LABIATE. [ffemizygia

1. H. tuberosa Hiern, sp. n.

An erect or ascending, somewhat wiry herb, a few inches to a
foot high ; root thick, woody-tuberous, giving off numerous long
fibres ; stems glabrescent below, puberulous or shortly pubescent
above and on the inflorescence ; leaves narrowly elliptical, obtuse
or subacute at the apex, wedge-shaped at the sessile or subsessile
base, glabrous or nearly so, punctulate, serrate-dentate or remotely
denticulate, firmly herbaceous, green above, paler beneath, 1 to
2£ in. long by £ to £ in. broad ; inflorescence terminal, 1£ to 2
in. long ; common peduncle 1| to 2^ in. long ; verticils about
6-flowered, sessile ; pedicels very short ; calyx obliquely ovoid-
campanulate, somewhat narrowed towards the obtuse base, ^ in.
long, bilabiate ; the posterior lobe entire, rounded, subapiculate
at the apex, nearly glabrous, erect and about TV in. long in the
flower, decurrent ; the anterior lip 4-lobed ; the lateral lobes
obliquely subquadrate, ^ in. long, about -jV in. broad at the base,
puberulous, with subulate teeth along the upper margin, the
teeth very short except those next the middle lobes of the anterior
lip ; the middle lobes subulate, ^ in. long ; corolla bilabiate, the
tube short ; stamens 4, didynamous, exserted, glabrous for the
most part ; two of the filaments free to the base, inserted at
the lower part of the corolla-tube, with a blunt puberuluous
fcroad appendage near the base ; the other two filaments united in
-the lower third part, glabrous throughout ; style long, glabrous,
-cleft at the apex into 2 short narrow branches.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In rather dry hilly bushy places near Condo ;
fl.-bud March 1857. No. 5565.

3. GENIOSPORUM Wall. ; Benth. <fc Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1172.

1. G. angolense Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 164 (1894).
HUILLA. — Flowers whitish -rosy. In damp meadows along the

Ferrao da Sola stream; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5490. Flowers
rosy-whitish. Along the Monino streams : fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No.
5491. In the damp elevated thickets of Morro de Lopollo ; fl. end of
April 1860. A more branched and weaker form than the type. No. 5498.
Frequently the leaves are opposite and not ternately verticillate.

2. G. strictum Hiern, sp. n.

A strictly erect, smooth herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; stems striate or
sulcate, minutely glandular-puberulous, rather slender, rigid,
fistular; branchlets very slender, erect or ascending; leaves
ternate quaternate or opposite ; oblanceolate, shortly narrowed
and apiculate at the apex, wedge-shaped to the subsessile or very
shortly petiolate base, firmly herbaceous, glabrous or glabrescent,
minutely pellucid-punctate, serrate along the upper half of the
margins, 1 to 2£ in. long by | to ^ in. broad ; verticils several or
many- flowered, bracteate at the base ; the upper ones crowded ;
the lower ones separate, more or less distant ; spikes terminal and
in the upper axils, solitary or ternate; the terminal one the
longest, about 2 to 6 in. long, on a peduncle of 1 to 3 in. long ;
pedicels in the lower verticils about TV in. long, pubescent ; the

Geniosporwni\ xcvu. LABIATE. 853

lower bracts about § in. long, ovate-rhomnoid, somewhat pubescent
beneath, sessile, denticulate or subentire ; the upper ones smaller ;
flowers purple ; calyx y1^- in. long, obliquely cainpanulate-hemi-
spherical, pubescent, sub-bilabiate ; the 3 anterior lobes small,
deltoid ; the posterior lobe or lip not exceeding the others, rounded
or subquadrate, entire or nearly so ; corolla i in. long, bilabiate ;
the tube ^ in. long ; stamens and style exserted.

HUILLA.— At the stream near Ferrao da Sola ; fl. May 1860. No. 5499.

3. G. paniculatum Baker ms. in herb.

An annual, usually erect herb of 2 to 4 ft., scarcely aromatic ; the
flowering stem simple or more or less branched, quadrangular, very
deeply 4-furrowed, elongate-virgate, strictly erect or ascending or
rarely pendulous, densely leafy up to the inflorescence except the
lower part, puberulous or glabrate ; leaves elliptical or ovate,
narrowed to the obtuse or scarcely acute apex, wedge-shaped or
nearly rounded at the subsessile or shortly petiolate base, opposite,
often with leafy buds or prominently leafy shoots in the axils,
crenate-dentate except the lower part, shortly hairy, puberulous
or glabrate, rather strongly nerved to the base, spreading or
pendulous, ^ to 1£ in. long by ^ to -j- in. broad; flowers whitish,
very small, about TV in. long, subsessile, arranged in oblong or
very short bracteate capitate spikes ranging up to nearly an
inch long, axillary and terminal, altogether forming a terminal
interrupted compound or subsimple narrow inflorescence of 4 to
12 in. long ; bracts among the flowers broadly elliptical, pubescent
on the back, nearly glabrous on the front, TV to -|- in. long ; calyx
campanulate in flower and TJF in. long, hairy outside, smooth
inside, 5-cleft, scarcely bilabiate, 10-nerved, oblong and ^ in. long
in fruit ; the lobes ovate or lanceolate ; corolla puberulous outside ;
the tube very short, funnel-shaped, nearly straight ; the limb
small, bilabiate; the upper lip purplish, erect, emarginate or
obsoletely bilobed ; the lower lip directed forwards, shortly un-
guiculate at the base, hemispherical-concave, sub-entire, white ;
stamens 4, didynamous, ascending ; anthers becoming blackish,
almost circular, unilocular by the confluence of the cells ; style
cleft at the apex with 2 short spreading branches ; nutlets 4,
ovoid, somewhat compressed, slightly angular, about ^T in. long,
pale brown, marked with numerous minute papillae.

PUNGO AXDONGO. — In wooded swampy places by streams, near
Catete ; fl. beginning of May 1857. No. 5528. In swampy places
near Quilanga ; fl.-bud April 1857. No. 5529. In the same locality
at the banks of streams. A branched densely leafy form, apparently
belonging to this species ; without fl. or fr. Feb. 1857. No. 5529&.

HUILLA. — Flowers bluish white. By pools on the Monino stream ;
fl. April 1860. Apparently a slender state of this species. No. 5507.
On the banks of the stream near Ferrao da Sola ; fl. May 1860. No. 5508.

Var. debile.

Stems ascending or hanging down over rocks.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — At the Casalalk rivulet near Pedra Songue ; fl.
April 1857. No. 5527.

854 xcvu. LABIATE. [Geniosporum

This species has much the aspect of the section Spicaria of Meso-
sphcerum.

4. G. Mutamba Hiern, sp. n. -

A perennial herb, rarely flowering ; . root tuberous ; tuber
cylindrical, edible, resembling in taste the common potato .and
on this account cultivated by the negroes; stems ascending or
flagelliform-descending, readily taking root at the nodes, puberu-
lous below, pubescent above, minutely glandular ; the sarmentose
branches 2 ft. long or more ; the flowering ascending stems 6 to
9 in. high ; leaves oval or oblong, obtuse at the apex, obtuse or
somewhat wedge-shaped at the base, thinly herbaceous, hispidulous,
punctulate, pale yellowish green, remotely serrulate, shortly
petiolate or subsessile, 1 to 4 in. long by £ to 2 in. broad ; flowers
about f to | in/long, shortly pedicellate, numerous, arranged in
narrowly oblong subsessile terminal heads of 1 to 2 in. long or
more ; bracteoles among the flowers filiform, .pubescent, ^ to
i in. long ; calyx about ^ in. long, pubescent outside, minutely
glandular, shortly 5-lobed, campanulate ; the lobes ovate, nearly
equal, ciliate, glabrous inside ; corolla violet-rosy, about J in. long ;
the tube narrowly funnel-shaped, not much curved, ^ in. long ;
the limb bilabiate ; one lip trifid ; the other lip rather longer,
obovate, suberect ; stamens 4, exserted, free among themselves,
didynamous ; filaments shaggy below, glabrous above ; anthers
short ; style exserted, bifid at the apex, glabrous ; the branches
short, slender, diverging.

HUILLA.— In fields, wild and cultivated, at Lopollo ; with foliage
in Feb. and April 1860; fl. August. Native name "Mutamba" or
" Tamba " or " I-tamba-jitamba." No. 5590. In neglected plots and
at the borders of fields, near Lopollo, at an elevation of 5200 ft. ; fl.
August 1860. No. 5496.

In Loanda the name " Mutamba " or " Itamba " is used for Greuna
caffra Meisn. (Welw. no. 1373), and in the lowlands near the river
Quihumbo one of the common names of Gbiphcea grewioides Hook, f .
is " Mutamba " ; the " Mutamba " of the Brazilians is a different pknt
from any of the above.

The following No. should be compared with this species, but its
identity is very doubtful : —

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A sarmentose, tomentose underehrub. In bushy
rather dry places near Catete ; Jan. to May 1857, but never seen to
flower ; a leafy shoot, Feb. 1857. No. 6744.

4. PLATOSTOMA P. Beauv. ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PI. ii.
p. 1172 (Platystoma).

1. P. africanum P. Beauv. Fl. Ow. ii. p. 61, t. 95. f. 2 (1818 ?).

Ocymum sylvaticum Thonn. ex Schum. in Dansk. Vidensk.
Selsk. iv. p. 44 (1829). Geniospw-um Palisoti Benth. Labiat.
p. 22 (1832).

SIERRA LEONE.— In fl. and fr. No. 5581.

HUILLA. — In very elevated rocky places in the Monino country ;
young plants, without fl. or fr. April 1860. Determination quite
doubtful. No. 5485.

Platostoma] xcvu. LABIATE. 855

2. P. flaccidum Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. p. 611 (Aug. 1855) ;
Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 165 (1894) (Platystoma).

Ocimum flaccidum A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 179 (1851). P. sp.,
Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 1173. P. Schimperi Hochst. in PL
Schimp. Abyss., ed. 2. Hohenacker, n. 2045 (1852).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A prostrate-ascending herb, with reddish flowers.
In a cultivated place on the right bank of the river Cuango, in the
arimo of Senhor Mariano among pot-herbs, seen only in one spot ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1854. No. 5536. A tender and insignificant annual
herblet, erect or ascending, germinating flowering and fruiting within
the space of 10 to 15 days ; stem angular ; calyx bilabiate, helmet-
shaped after flowering, closed with the upper lip entire and the quite
entire lower lip more closely incumbent ; corolla pale violet in colour,
more deeply violet on the lobes of the upper lip. In damp cultivated
places in plantations of Phaseolus at the banks of the river Cuango,
in company with Cardamine trichocarpa Hochst. (Welw. herb. no. 1189) ;
fl. and fr. Sept. 1854 and Nov. 1855. No. 5535. An annual, rooting
herb, ascending or rather rarely somewhat erect ; flowers very small,
whitish, very caducous. By streams in the primitive forest of Quisu-
culo, in company with Begonia oxyloba Welw. herb. no. 875 ; fr. and
very few fl. April 1856. No. 5534.

Hooker, I.e., considered this species as probably only a state of
P. africanum P. Beauv.

5. ACROCEPHALI7S Benth. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 1173.

1. A. gracilis Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 166 (1894).
PUNGO ANDONGO. — A perennial herb, 1^ to 2 ft. high ; stems in

some instances erect, in others ascending ; flowers violet in colour. In
thickets on a sandy clay soil, near Luxillo ; fl. beginning of May 1857.
No. 5548.

HUILLA. — A strictly erect annual herb or undershrub, 1 to 1£ ft.
high ; stem quadrangular, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, some-
what rigid, bright green, arching-patent or reflected ; flowers blue or
white-violet in colour, spicate-capitate ; the heads very densely brac-
teate, shaggy, pale violet in colour. In bushy pastures on the Humpata
plateau, fl. April 1860 ; in very elevated sandy sparingly bushy pastures
in Morro de Lopollo, plentiful, fl. April and May 1860 ; also in
very elevated sparingly herbaceous places in Morro de Lopollo, near
Empalanca, fl. beginning of May 1860. No. 5515.

2. A. prsealtus Briq., I.e., p. 168.

An erect herb, perennial, 3 to 4 ft. high, branched ; branchlets
trichotomous, erect -spreading, tetragonal; flowers capitate-spicate,
densely bracteate, whitish with a violet tinge ; bracts whitish ;
calyx urceolate-tubular, truncate or shortly bilobed, densely
shaggy-bearded at the mouth, naked inside ; corolla pale violet
in colour, bilabiate ; the tube exserted, nearly straight ; the
upper lip erect, emarginate at the apex, the lower lip trilobed,
the middle lobe broader than the others ; stamens 4, didynamous,
exserted ; filaments shaggy at the base ; anthers versatile, the
cells confluent, thickly patelliform ; style filiform, undivided ;
stigma somewhat acute ; young nutlets smooth.

HUILLA.— In the forest among tall herbs, at the lake of Ivantala ;

856 xcvu. LABIATE. [Acrocephalus

fl. end of Feb. 1860. No. 5601. At the outskirts of forests
between Monino and Erne, and in the elevated wooded parts of
Barrancos de Monino, at an elevation of 5000 ft. and more ; fl.
beginning of April 1860. No. 5600. In Morro de Lopollo ; fl. and fr.
April 1860. No. 5602.

3. A. lippioides Baker ms. in Herb. Kew.

A robust, erect, somewhat scabrid herb, 3 ft. high or more ;
rootstock woody ; stem bluntly quadrangular, furrowed, puberu-
lous, simple at least below ; leaves opposite, narrowly elliptical,
contracted towards both ends, firmly herbaceous, minutely punc-
tate on both faces, crenulate on the margin, ranging up to 8 in.
long by 2i in. broad ; petioles ranging up to £ in. long ; flower-
heads ovoid-hemispherical, £ to f in. in diameter, arranged in a
terminal somewhat leafy corymb ; basal bracts ovate-triangular,
sessile, ^ in. long, the other bracts among the flowers smaller and
rounder; flowers subsessile, about i in. long; calyx T*r in. long,
hairy outside below, bilabiate, the lobes short, entire, rounded ;
corolla-tube glabrous, -| in. long ; the limb 4-lobed, hairy outside
above, scarcely bilabiate ; the lobes Ty to ^ in. long ; stamens
not exserted; style exserted.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — At Lombe ; in fl. No. 5550.

4. A. cylindraceus Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 135,
t. 132 (1875).

A. villosus T. Thorns, in Speke, Journ., App. p. 644 (1863) ; non
Benth.

HUILLA. — Flowers whitish ; fruit clear blue. In thickets close to
the Humpata river among species of Polygotmm (cf. Welw. herb,
no. 5362) and Sallx (cf. Welw. herb. no. 6332), etc. ; fl. and fr. April
1860. No. 5611.

5. A. succisifolius Baker ms. in Herb. Kew.

A perennial herb, 8 to 16 in. high ; rhizome tuberous, many-
headed ; the tuber as large as a walnut, densely packed with a
white flesh which becomes woody ; stems erect, obtusely quad-
rangular, furrowed, puberulous and remotely leafy above,
glabrescent and leafy at the base; leaves opposite, narrowly
elliptical or sublinear, rather bluntly pointed at the apex,
attenuate at the base into the petiole, glabrous or nearly so,
erect or ascending, serrulate or repand on the margin, the lower
ones 3 to 8 in. long (including the petiole of 1 to 3 in.) by \ to
i in. broad, the upper ones smaller ; flowers capitate, bracteate,
white or soon turning dusky, numerous, \ in. long ; heads sub-
hemispherical, I to ^ in. in diameter, pedunculate, not numerous,
arranged in lax terminal corymbs; peduncles of the heads
ranging up to 3^ in. long, shortly pubescent, terminal and sub-
terminal, sometimes with foliaceous bracts at their apex ; bracts
among or at the base of the flowers broadly rhomboidal, densely
snaggy °n the base, glabrous on the face, | in. long and broad ;
calyx TV in. long, densely shaggy outside at least below, smooth
inside, bilobed ; the lobes rounded, ciliate ; corolla bilabiate ; the

Acrocephalus] xcvu. LABIATE. 857

tube £ in. long, glabrous or nearly so, about -^ in. broad ; the
lips spreading, more or less shaggy outside at the apex with long
hairs; the longer lip about ^ in. long, bifid; the shorter lip
about ^ in. long, tripartite ; the lobes obtuse ; stamens 4,
subdidynamous, declinate, all exceeding the corolla-tube ; style
exserted.

HUILLA. — In the more elevated rich pastures of Mumpulla ; fl. Oct.
1859. No. 5610. In thickets at the river Monino ; fl. Nov. 1859.
No. 5609. In somewhat dry and also in moist elevated pastures
between Lopollo and Humpata, at an elevation of 5200 to 5600 ft. ; in
fl. Feb. 1860, and without good fr. in April 1860. No. 5608.

6. A. Welwitschii Briq., I.e., p. 169.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A herb, 3 ft. high, biennial or with a woody
rootstock lasting for 3 or 4 years ; corolla lilac ; the tube short, nearly
straight ; the upper lip trifid, erect, with obtuse lobes ; the lower lip
elliptical, .concave ; stamens ascending ; nucules 4, globose, glabrous.
At the great cataract of the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. 12 March 1857.
No. 5549.

7. A. minor Briq., I.e., p. 169.

HUILLA. — Flowers whitish violet in colour. In the Monino sandy
wooded meadows ; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 5605- In the Monino forest
meadows, in the Lopollo country ; fl. April 1860. No. 5606. In the
Catumba damp wooded meadows ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. A state with
leafy radical shoots, showing elongated foliage larger than that of the
flowering stems. No. 5607-

8. A. sericeus Briq., I.e., p. 170.

HUILLA. — In the Monino forest meadows ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860.
No. 5603. A smaller, less silky plant, probably of this species. In fl.
No. 5604.

Var. teucrioides.

A perennial herb, with the habit of a Teucrium, sparingly
aromatic ; stems numerous, usually suffrutescent, about 3 ft.
high ; leaves ranging up to 3\ in. long by i in. broad ; flowers
violet in colour ; flower-heads rather densely arranged in a
terminal somewhat leafy ovoid panicle.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In the wooded thickets of Sobato Quibanga and
near Quilanga, plentiful ; fl. end of April 1857. No. 5551.

This variety should be compared with A. Heudelotii Briq. in Bull.
Herb. Boiss. ii. p. 689 (Dec. 1894), but the heads are smaller.

6. BASILICUM Moench, Meth. PL, Suppl. p. 143 (1802).

Lumnitzera Jacq. ex Sprengl. Syst. Veg. ii. p. 687 (1825) p.p. ;
non Willd. (1803). Moschosma Reichenb. Conspect. p. 171 (1828);
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1173.

1. B. polystachion Moench, I.e.

Ocimum tenuiftorum Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 129 (1768), non L. (1753).
O. poly stocky on L. Mant. ii. p. 567 (1771). Moschosma polystachya
Reichenb. in Wall. List, p. 92, n. 2711 (1830 ?) ; Benth. in Wall.
PI. As. Ear. ii. p. 13 (1831).

AMBKiz.-In fr. Nov. 1853. No. 5547 partly.

858 xcvn. LABIATE. [Basilicum

BAKRA DO BEXGO. — At Quifandongo fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No.
5547, partly. In damp places at the river Bengo. near Quifandongo ;
fr. May 1854. COLL. CARP. 856.

LOAXDA.— An annual herb, but little aromatic, 1 to 3 ft. high ;
primary stem purplish ; angles of the stem and branches constantly
-and coarsely muricate ; flowers small, violet-purple ; calyx bilabiate,
the top tooth evidently decurrent on the margins, the lower teeth
lanceolate-acuminate, not setaceous ; lower corolla-lip reflected ;
nucules almost ellipsoidal, scarcely ovoid-compressed, somewhat
smooth. In damp sandy places by ponds, not uncommon ; near
Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. 26 March 1858. No. 5582 and
COLL. CARP. 854.

2. B. myriostachyum 0. Kuntze, Kev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 512 (1891).

Moschosma myriostachya Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI.
ii. p. 1173.

MOSSAMEDES. — An annual or biennial herb, branched from the base,
stems oblique or ascending ; leaves ovate, obtuse at the apex, more or
less cordate at the base, sprinkled on both faces with short stiff hairs
and small glands, somewhat spotted, very brittle, crenate, 1 to 2| in.
long by | to 2 in. broad ; petiole £ to 1 in. long, hairy ; flowers
dioecious, on very short pedicels, " small, arranged in spikelike
racemes of \ to 1 in. long which form pyramidal panicles terminating
the stem and upper branches, soft, quite white, making the plant
when in flower look as if covered with snow ; the male spikes rather
dense, the female ones very dense ; calyx purplish ; stamens 4, didyna-
mous, exserted ; style bifid, exserted. At the sandy banks of the
river Bero, near Cavalheiros, very rare ; male fl. July 1859. No. 5476.

BUMBO.— At Bumbo ; female fl. Oct. 1859, one specimen. No. 5477.

7. ORTHOSIPHON Benth.; Benth. &. Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1174.

1. 0. tuberosus Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 172 (21 Aug.

HUILLA.— Flowers rosy purple. In the drier pastures among low
bushes, near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5474. A perennial
herb, 5 to 7 in. high ; rootstock tuberculose-fili pendulous ; stems
numerous. In thickets on the high plateau of Huilla about Lopollo,
-at an elevation of 5000 to 5600 ft., not uncommon ; fl. and fr. May
1860. No. 5497.

2. 0. tubulascens Briq., I.e., p. 174.

HUILLA.— Flowers rosy purple. In very elevated sandy meadows
-among low herbs, in Morro de Lopollo (Sambos) ; fl. and f r. Jan. and
Feb. 1860. No. 5492.

3. 0. menthaefolius Briq., I.e., p. 176.

HUILLA.— A slightly aromatic, perennial herb : rootstock woody,
fihpendulous ; stems several, erect, branched at the apex ; flowers
white ; corolla shaggy ; nucules obovoid, truncate at the apex ; fila-
ments hirsute. In moist thickets close to the Lopollo river, plentiful ;
fl, and fr. 8 Feb. 1860. No. 5475.

4. 0. Welwitschii Rolfe in Bol. Soc. Brot. xi. p. 88 (1894).
0. adornatus Briq., I.e., p. 176 (21 Aug. 1894).

With regard to the question of priority between these two
names it may be observed that Rolfe's paper was noticed in Bot.

XCVII. LABIATE. 859

Zeit. In. p. 285 (16 Sept. 1894), and that Briquet's paper was
noticed, I.e., p. 382 (16 Dec. 1894).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A decumbent undershrub ; branches ascending,
•often abortive ; flowers bright, from whitish to rosy ; bracts deep
rosy purple, before the opening of the flowers forming compact rosy
foliate spikes. In the open sandy forest near Cazella. fairly plentiful
T>ut only in one spot ; fl. and fr. 18 Oct. 1856. No. 5555.

Var. angolensis (Briq., I.e.).

HUILLA. — In the poor sandy pastures of Mumpulla • fl. and fr.
Oct. 1859. No. 5520. Flowers rosy, shining. In rocky pastures
among low bushes ; fl. Dec. 1859 ; also on the heights near Ferrao da
Sola in the Lopollo country ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5519.

The local name of this species in Malange is " Caboboato " ; see
Henriques, Bol. Soc. Brot. xvi. p. 70 (July 1899).

5. 0. villosus Briq., I.e., p. 177.

HUILLA. — A herb, with a woody rootstock, giving off long fili-
pendulous fibres ; stems numerous, 5 to 14 in. high, erect ; leaves deep
green ; flowers white. In secondary thickets about Lopollo, on a
sandy clay soil ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 5472.

6. 0. violaceus Briq., l.c., p.i 178.

HUILLA.— A perennial herb, with the habit of a Prunella ; rhizome
tuberous-filipendulous ; stems prostrate-ascending ; calyx purple ;
•corolla whitish purple : filaments short, not appendaged. In rocky
thickets among short grasses, in company with species of Thymelaeaceae
and Euphorbiacese, in the Lopollo country, and seen nowhere else ; fl.
Dec. 1859. No. 5473.

7. 0. petrensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, rigid, pubescent herb, 1 to 1^ ft. high ; rootstock
woody ; stems several, erect or ascending, simple or not much
branched, obtusely quadrangular and furrowed at least above,
leafy in the middle part ; leaves opposite, narrowly elliptical or
obovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute at the apex, attenuate to the
sessile or subsessile base, firmly herbaceous, yellowish green and
sparingly hairy above, paler subcanescent and rather densely
pubescent beneath, minutely glandular, serrulate, 1 to 2-| in. long
by ^ to |^ in. broad; inflorescence terminal, in simple or some-
what branched spikes, loosely pubescent, 4 to 7^ in. long;
venation not strongly marked nor much branched ; verticils
distant, about 6 in each spike, bracteate at the base, each of
them about 4- to 6 -flowered ; bracts small, ovate, caducous ;
pedicels T^ to |- in. long ; flowers whitish rosy, about i in. long
or rather more, spreading or drooping ; calyx i to ^ in. long,
hairy outside, oblong, somewhat gibbous at the base, shortly
5-cleft, the throat glabrous ; the posterior lobe ciliate, rounded,
T\- in. long in flower, | in. long in fruit, usually purplish ; the other
lobes subulate from a comparatively broad base, ciliate, rather
longer than the posterior lobe ; corolla f to f in. long ; the tube
about -% in. long, straight or nearly so ; the limb bilabiate ; the
anterior Up about |- in. long, spreading ; the posterior lip short ;
stamens 4, didynamous, nearly glabrous ; filaments of one pair

860 xcvu. LABIATE. [Orthosiphon

lying closely together ; anthers exserted ; style exserted, nearly
glabrous, somewhat thickened towards the emarginate apex.

HUILLA. — In rocky thickets near Lopollo, not common ; fl. and fr.
Jan. 1860. No. 5494.

8. 0. parvifolius Vatke in Linnsea xliii. p. 87 (1881).

PUNGO ANDONGO.— An erect, perennial herb, 1£ ft. high ; roots
filipendulous-tuberous ; flowers white. In a sandy place near the
outskirts of the forest between Cazella and Luxillo, very rare ; fl.-bud
18 Oct. 1856. No. 1226.

This determination is uncertain in consequence of the young state
of the flower-buds and the poor condition of the specimens which
were collected by night ; the leaves do not show the small distant
teeth of the type.

8. ENGLERASTRUM Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 178
(21 Aug. 1894).

1. E. Schweinfurthii Briq., I.e., t. 3 A.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An annual herb, ascending or pendulous over
rocks ; flowers violet in colour. By the rocks close to the great cataract
of the river Caanza, near Condo ; fl. March 1857. No. 6522.

9. HOSLUNDIA Thonn. ex Vahl ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. p. 1174.

Haaslundia Vahl. ex Hornem. Indol. PI. Guin. Obs. p. 14 (1819).

1. H. verticillata Vahl, Enum. PI. i. p. 213 (1804).

AMHRIZ. — In thickets near Ambriz ; fl. and young fr. Nov. 1853.
No. 5674.

LOANDA. — A small shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, flowering at all times of
the year ; stem erect, branched, angular, whitish ; leaves opposite
or ternate, very caducous ; flowers whitish ; drupes coloured like red-
lead, juicy, a little smaller than peppercorns. In moist bushy places
near Imbondeiro dos Lobos, sparingly ; fl. and fr. June 1858. Nos.
5719, 5669, 5673.

Var. ? decumbens.

//. decumbens Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 54 (1848).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A shrub, 3 to 6 ft. high, in flower at all seasons ;
stem ternately or brachiately branched : leaves soft, ashy, loosely
pendulous ; calyx 5-toothed, after the fertilization of the flower fleshy,
swelled ; corolla white, ringent ; stamens 4, didynamous, only 2 fertile ;
ovary 4-ovulate ; style slightly curved ; stigma somewhat bilobed ; berry
like a small pea in size, beautiful, like red-lead in colour, included in
the calyx, tipped with the calyx-teeth which are united in a cone ;
nucules obovoid, pale-dusky, 4 or by abortion 3 or 2. In bushy places
chiefly m the rocky and more elevated localities about Sange,
Trombeta, etc., plentiful ; fl. and fr. 14 Oct. 1855. No. 5672.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A shrub, with white flowers and scarlet or red
Jan"^ ID *he thicket8 °f the Praesidium> rather rare ; fl. and fr.

10. GERMANEA Lam. Encycl. Meth. ii. p. 690 (1786).
Plectranthus L'Herit. Stirpes Novae, fasc. 4, p. 84 (back) (1788) ;

Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pi. if p. 1175.

XCVII. LABIATJE. 861

1. G. cylindracea.

Plectranthus cylindraceus Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, ii.
n. 1113 (U.i., 1842) ; Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 60 (1848) ; A.
Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 182 (1851). Geniosporum lasiostachyum
Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 164 (1894).

HUILLA. — A fleshy shrub or robust herb, the whole plant especially
the leaves very agreeably aromatic ; the aroma like those of marjoram
and mint mixed ; stems numerous, some 5 to 6 ft. high with sarmentose
subscandent branches ; others short, with decumbent branches ; leaves
very brittle, somewhat fleshy and rigid ; flowers white, small, bilabiate.
In rocky, wooded places in Morro de Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. April 1860
No. 5489.

2. G. herbacea.

Plectranthus herbaceus Briq., I.e., p. 179.

HUILLA. — An annual, erect, branched herb, smelling like mint ; stem
acutely quadrangular ; leaves ovate, somewhat fleshy, soft, coarsely
crenate-dentate, beneath mostly purplish and with raised nerves and
net-veins, punctate ; flowers white ; upper calyx-lobe broadly ovate,
the limb at length reflected ; corolla comparatively small, the tube
sigmoid, the upper lip 4-lobed, and marked with a few purple lines,
the lower lip boat-shaped ; anthers 1-celled ; style simple ; stigma
somewhat bilobed, papillose. In damp forests at Catumba in the
Lopollo country, rather rare ; fl. and fr. 29 March 1860. No. 5506.
An undershrub with quadrangular stem and purple flowers. In
the Monino wooded thickets, rare ; fl. and fr. April 1860. Only one
mutilated specimen, probably of this species. No. 5614.

3. 6. laxiflora.

Plectranthus laxifl&rus Benth. in E. Mey. Comm. PL Austr.
Afr. p. 228 (1837).

Var. genuina (Briq., I.e., p. 180).

PUXGO ANDONGO. — An erect branched perennial herb, 2 to 4 ft.
high ; aroma precisely like that of Elemi-Mubafo (cf . Canarium edule
Hook, f ., ante p. 127) but sweeter and more penetrating ; stem obtusely
quadrangular, a little swelled below the nodes, at length constricted at
the nodes, beset on all sides as well as the leaves with long glandless
hairs and also with shorter glandular ones ; corolla pale clear blue, the
upper lateral lobes of the lip involute ; anthers blackish purple ; style
bifid at the apex. At the rocky banks of the river Casalale, in the
presidium ; fl. end of Feb. 1857. Leaves succulent-membranous,
bright green, fragrant when rubbed. In moist thickets at the Songue
rocks ; without fl. middle of Jan. 1857. No. 5545. In the rocky
thickets of the presidium ; fl. and fr. April 1857. COLL. CARP. 855.

4. G. concinna Hiern, sp. n.

An annual, erect, slender herb, 9 to 24 in. high ; stem a little
branched, puberulous below, usually hirsute above with spreading
long hairs mixed with short ones and minute glands ; leaves
opposite, deltoid-ovate, obtuse or scarcely acute at the apex, sub-
truncate or somewhat cordate near the shortly narrowed base,
membranous, minutely punctate, thinly hairy above, more densely
so and paler beneath, crenate, 1 to 3 in. long by § to 21 in. broad ;
petioles ranging up to 2 in. long, more or less shortly hairy and
also hirsute with long spreading hairs ; the leaves at the base of

862 xcvu. LABIATJE. [Germttnea

the inflorescence sometimes sessile or subsessile ; flowers white or
deep blue, ^ to f in. long ; inflorescence terminal and in some
cases axillary also, rather lax and usually many-flowered, narrowly
pyramidal, more or less compound, cymose ; cymes not verticillate ;
ultimate pedicels ranging up to |- or £ in. long, puberulous and
minutely glandular; flowering calyx very small, ^ in. long,
glandular, shortly 5-lobed,one lobe broad, the other lobes narrower;
fruiting calyx ^ to ^ in. long, punctate with scattered black
glands, one lobe rotund and veiny, the other lobes lanceolate and
short; corolla thin, glabrous, black -punctate, bent in a sigmoid
manner ; stamens 4, didynamous, all fertile ; filaments apparently
free to the base, inserted high up on the corolla-tube, tapering
upwards, not toothed ; stigma shortly exserted, entire, somewhat
thickened at the apex.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In Mata de Pungo ; fl. and fr. April 1857.
No. 5533.

Var. cserulea.

About 9 in. high ; flowers deep blue.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — By streams in the more elevated rocky parts
of the presidium, sparingly ; fl. Dec. 1856. No. 5521.

Var. albiflora.

A slender limp herb, 1 to 1T} ft. high ; flowers white.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In sandy places between Luxillo and Cazella, in
tall grass ; fl. beginning of May 1857. No. 5586 partly.

The last variety bears a close resemblance to P. parvus Oliv., a
Somali -land species, but the calyx slightly differs and the corolla is
smaller in the latter. Part of No. 5586 consists of flowerless specimens
apparently of a different species.

5. G. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, apparently perennial herb ; rootstock somewhat
woody ; stem simple or nearly so, puberulous, striate ; internodes
mostly 2 to 4 in. long ; leaves ovate, narrowed or subacuminate
towards the obtuse tip, more or less attenuate at the base, slightly
puberulous, thinly herbaceous, black, punctulate beneath, crenate
except near the base, 2 to 3| in. long by £ to 1 j in. broad ; lateral
veins 3 or 4 on each side of the midrib, ascending, slender, the
lower ones with inflected curvature about their middle ; petioles
ranging up to § in. long, the uppermost ones much shorter;
inflorescence terminal, somewhat oblong in outline, compound,
cymose, many-flowered, rather lax, about 6 in. long and an inch
in diameter, puberulous ; common peduncle about an inch long,
bibracteate at the base, the bracts foliaceous, about f in. long,
sessile ; ultimately pedicels ranging up to about i in. long ; flowers
about ^ in. long ; calyx ^ in. long, glandular-puberulous, 5-cleft,
the posterior lobe the broadest, the lateral lobes the smallest, the
anterior lobes united to near the apex ; corolla exserted, curved
in a sigmoid manner, glabrous ; the tube bent forwards at the
middle ; the limb bilabiate, nigro-punctulate ; the anterior limb
broad, folded inwards along its concave axis, ^ in. long ; the

Germanea] xcvu. LABIATE. 863-

posterior lip much smaller; stamens 4, didynamous, declinate,
included, glabrous ; the filaments rather slender, free to their
base, inserted at the top of the corolla tube ; style glabrous,
shortly exserted, rather slender, entire at the apex.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In fl. No. 5543.

This is nearly related to G. concinna ; it was collected in the latter
part of 1856 or the early part of 1857.

6. G. horrida.

An ascending herb, 1^ to 2 ft. high, beset with pilose hairs,
perennial or sub-perennial ; stem densely hispid-shaggy, simple
or not much branched up to the inflorescence ; leaves opposite-
deltoid-ovate, obtuse at the apex, subtruncate or very obtuse at
or near the base, herbaceous, somewhat fleshy, grey-green at least
beneath, coarsely dentate, 1 to 2f in. long by £ to 2 in. broad -r
petioles f- to 1^ in. long, beset with long spreading pilose hairs,
often with stipuliform small leaves in their axils ; flowers blue or
purplish blue, § to £ in. long, rather slender, on puberulous
slender pedicels of i to £ in. long, about 4 to 6 in a whorl ;
whorls leafless arranged in terminal spikes, the upper ones
approximated, the lower ones less so or rather distant ; spikes
shortly pedunculate, about 7 to 9 in. long, with a few opposite
shorter branches near the base ; calyx obliquely sub-hemispherical,.
~ to y1^ in. long, sparingly hispidulous outside, 5-cleft, the
posterior lobe ovate, scarcely longer than the subulate other lobes ;.
corolla nearly glabrous, bilabiate, glandular about the apex in
bud ; the anterior lip much longer than the lower one ; the tube
i to 3- in. long, narrow, funnel-shaped ; stamens 4, declinate, all
fertile ; the filaments free to their base ; style bifid at the apex.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In swampy rocky places in the presidium -
without fl. or fr. Jan. 1857 ; by rocks at the great cataract of the
river Cuanza, near Condo ; fl. March 1857. No. 5537-

HUILLA. — In the more elevated rocky parts of Morro de Monino ;
fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 5613.

This species has the aspect of the Somali-land G. rupestris (Benth.
ex Vatke in Linnsea xliii. p. 89 [1881]), but it differs in the
herbaceous rather than suffruticose habit ; spikes somewhat branched
at the base, etc.

11. SOLENOSTEMON Thonn. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iL
p. 1175.

1. S. ocymoides Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Vid. Selsk. iv.
p. 45 (1829).

SIERRA LEONE. — A somewhat pubescent herb ; stem and branches
quadrangular, pubescent along the angles, furrowed ; leaves opposite,
roundly ovate, shortly acuminate at the apex, subtruncate or sub-
cordate about the base, sub-decurrent on the petiole, thinly herbaceous,
puberulous, minutely punctulate, crenate except towards the baser
2£ to 3 in. long by 2 to 2£ in. broad ; venation slender, puberulous
beneath ; petiole 1 to 1£ in. long ; inflorescence spike-like, terminal,
dense, 3 to 4 in. long ; verticils many-flowered, approximate ; pedicels-
spreading, shortly pubescent, J- in. long or shorter ; flowers small ;

864 xcvii. LABIATE. \Solenostemon

bracts ovate, small ; calyx TaT to TV in. long in flower, | to i in. long in
fruit, bilabiate, minutely glandular-puberulous ; the lips entire or the
upper lip with a minute tooth on each side, erect or nearly so, obtuse,
veiny in fruit ; corolla TV to £ in. long, sigmoidly curved ; the tube
twice bent ; the limb bilabiate ; the larger lobe TV in. long, directed
forwards, boat-shaped, covering the stamens ; the smaller lobe -%•$ to
yV in. long, below and sub-parallel to the other lip ; stamens 4, sub-
didynamous, about yV *n- l°n£> glabrous, included ; filaments free
among themselves for the greater part of their length, united in a
short tube below, the tube inserted at the top of the corolla-tube ;
style rather longer than the stamens, included, glabrous, bent and
bifid at the apex ; nutlets 4, ellipsoidal, glabrous, pale yellow ; fl. and
fr. Sept. 1853. The inflorescence is denser than in the type. No. 5680.
No. 5579 from PRINCE'S ISLAND, wooded coast region, Sept. 1853,
consists of a few flowers and fruits, possibly belonging here and
perhaps identical with an unnamed specimen obtained from the Congo
by Christian Smith in 1816. Cf. Labiata, Welw. in Ann. Cons.
Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (August 1854), p. 80. n. 11.

2. S. robustus Hiern, sp. n.

A robust herb, several feet high ; stem and branches obtusely
quadrangular, furrowed, more or less puberulous and minutely
gkndular ; branchlets pallid, clothed with short whitish hairs and
small red glands ; leaves opposite, oval or ovate-oblong, obtuse
at the apex, obtuse or somewhat narrowed at the base, firmly
herbaceous, pale yellowish green, minutely glandular-punctulate.
subglabrescent, crenulate, 24- to 5~ in. long by 1 j to 3£ in. broad ;
lateral veins 6 to 8 on each side of the midrib, spreading, slender ;
petioles ^ to 1^ in. long, shortly hairy ; flowers about ^ in. long
on rather slender hispidulous pedicels ranging up to f in. long,
clustered ; cymes sessile, opposite or alternate, arranged in spikes
or divaricately branched terminal pyramidal panicles more than
a foot long ; calyx i in. long, hairy outside, glabrous inside,
openly campanulate, 5-cleft; the lobes deltoid-ovate, one some-
what broader and more spreading than the rest ; corolla minutely
glandular outside, membranous ; its tube bent near the base,
£ in. long ; the limb bilabiate ; the smaller lip spreading, 4-cleft,
concave-induplicate, the middle lobes the largest ; the larger lip
nearly i in. long, bent inwards at about a right angle or more so
near the base, sparingly pubescent outside, concave-induplicate,
enclosing the andrcecium ; stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments
united from the base for some distance into a glabrous tube slit
down one side ; style long, slender, glabrous, slightly notched at
the apex.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— From Lombe to Condo ; fl. March 1857. No. 5538.

3. S. niveus Hiern, sp. n.

A rigid, erect shrub, 3 to 4 ft. Ugh, sparingly and loosely
branched ; stem somewhat fleshy ; branches erect-spreading, naked
below ; subterete, softly pubescent near the apex ; leaves opposite,
suborbicular, shortly and abruptly narrowed at the base, some-
what thick, almost fleshy, deep green, puberulous, minutely
glandular, crenate-dentate, 2 to 4 in. in diameter or rather larger,

XCVII. LABIATE. 865

quickly falling off in the course of drying ; petiole ^ to 1 in. long ;
flowers snow-white, about ^ in. long, clustered several together
on pubescent pedicels of ^ to ^ in. long, in subsessile or shortly
stalked crowded cymes, arranged in oblong terminal and sub-
terminal thyrsoid snow-white panicles 2^ to 12 in. long; calyx
hairy outside, glabrous inside, openly campanulate, £ in. long in
flower, | in. long in fruit, unequally 5-cleft ; four of the lobes
narrowly lanceolate, y1^ to ^ in. long ; the fifth lobe oval, £ in.
long ; corolla sigmoidly curved ; the tube twice bent, ^ in. high ;
the limb minutely glandular outside, the longer lip covering the
andrcecium ; stamens 4, didynamous ; the filaments united at
the base into a short tube slit down one side ; style long, exserted,
bifid at the apex, the branches short and narrow ; ripe nutlets
nearly black.

BUMBO. — In the wooded more elevated parts of Serra da Xella by
streams, above Chao de Xella, very rare; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859.
No. 5619, and COLL. CARP. 858.

12. NEOMULLERA Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 186
(21 Aug. 1894).

1. N. Welwitschii Briq., I.e., t. 3. fig. B.

AT. angoknsis Briq. in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3a, p. 363
(1897).

PUNGO ANDONGO.— An annual or biennial herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ;
stem j uicy, acutely quadrangular, with the angles feebly winged ;
leaves not scented ; petioles deeply channelled, acutely keeled ; flowers
pleasantly fragrant, very beautifully blue ; calyx 5-toothed, the top-
most tooth much larger and longer than the rest ; upper corolla-lip
shortly bilobed, the lobes obtusely unidentate on the outer side ;
stamens 4, all fertile, the filaments strictly monadelphous from the
base to the middle, the anthers dehiscing transversely, the cells con-
fluent ; nutlets obovoid, somewhat compressed, quite naked. In the
bushy wooded parts of Mata de Pungo in the presidium, plentiful ;
fl. 14 April 1857. No. 5544.

13. COLEUS Lour. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1176.

1. C. Welwitschii Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 185 (1894),
and in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3a, p. 361 (1897).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A suffruticose herb or a somewhat thickly fleshy
brittle shrublet-; stems ascending, blood-red, 2 to 4 ft. high ; leaves
membranous, somewhat fleshy and viscid, deep green, densely hairy
beneath ; flowers purple or deep or clear blue ; calyx-teeth 4, the
lower one shortly bilobed at the apex, the lobes acute. In rocky
thickets throughout the district, plentiful; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857; fl.
April 1857 ; by the elevated rocks of Pedra Cabonda in the presidium,
fl. May 1857. Nos. 5589, 5585.

Aspect of Plectranthus hirtus Benth.

2. C. amboinicus Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 372 (1790).

Var. violaceus Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 210 (21 Aug.
1894).

LOANDA. — A decumbent or ascending undershrub, with somewhat
«rect branches ; stem and leaves clothed with long and short hairs

56

866 xcvu. LABIATE. [Coleus

intermixed; leaves broadly ovate, scarcely acuminate at the apex,
cordate-truncate and often abruptly narrowed at the base, crenate-
dentate, very rigidly fleshy, agreeably fragrant ; flowers violet-blue ;
calyx glandular-shaggy outside, apparently naked at the throat inside ;
corolla-tube whitish, twice bent at a right angle ; the upper lip vertical,
emarginate at the apex, unidentate on each side, obscurely 4-lobed ;
the lower lip horizontal, broadly boat-shaped ; stamens far exserted,
with the filaments monadelphous to a considerable height : style
reaching to the height of the stamens and ascending with them ;
stigma bifid, with equal lobes. Cultivated in gardens at Loanda,
where however it rarely flowers ; fl. Nov. 1858. According to
Welwitsch, this is perhaps a mint introduced from India. No. 5556.

This is probably the kitchen-garden plant referred to in the
following terms by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. No. 24
(May 1856), p. 252. n. 20 :—

It is very aromatic, called " hortela da India " (Indian Mint), and
cultivated by lovers of herbs ; the leaves are very fleshy and brittle,
and the strong aroma is pleasant in broth.

3. C. aconitiflorus Welw. ms. in Herb., sp. n.

An erect, rather slender, sparingly branched or simple herb,.
3 to 4 ft. high ; stem quadrangular, minutely glandular, more or
less pubescent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, puberu-
lous, acuminate at the apex, narrowed towards the base, thinly
herbaceous, 2 to 4 in. long by \ to li in. broad; petiole | to liin.
long ; flowers arranged in long somewhat compound racemes
terminating the stem and branches, deep blue, about ^ in. long,
resembling a small-flowered species of Aconitum ; calyx puberulous,
^ in. long, 5-cleft, the lobes not very unequal ; corolla-tube
puberulous, curved in a sigmoid manner, the throat wide ; the
limb minutely glandular, bilabiate ; the upper lip erect and
4-lobed, the upper lobes larger than the others; the lower lip
deflected-ascending, boat-shaped, compressed, embracing th»
genital organs, quasi-articulate; stamens 4, monadelphous in a
short sheath, including the style at the base ; anthers ovate-
circular, the cells confluent; style filiform, simple, not bifid;
stigma very delicately papillose, slightly emarginate or bilobulate
at the apex.

HUILLA.— In moist wooded places near Catumba ; fl. 29 March 1860.
No. 5495.

4. C. betonicoides Baker ms. in Herb., sp. n.

An erect or ascending herb ; rootstock somewhat woody ; stems
shortly pubescent, sulcate, scarcely or not much branched, 18 to
20 in. high, leaves opposite ternate or quaternate, oval or ovate,
obtuse at the apex, more or less attenuate at the base into and
decurrent on the petiole, thinly herbaceous, shortly pubescent
above, densely so beneath, crenate-dentate except near the base,
1 to 2 in. long by f to 1| in. broad ; lateral veins about 4 on each
side of the midrib, ascending, slender ; petiole shortly pubescent,
i to 1| in. long ; inflorescence terminal, spiciform, 4 to 8 in. long,
interrupted below ; common peduncle about an inch long ; verticils

Cokus] xcvii. LABIATE. 867

many-flowered, numerous, the lower ones more or less distant, the
upper ones contiguous ; axillary cymes sessile or subsessile ; pedicels
about ^ in. long, shortly pubescent ; flowers purplish, verging on
blue, f- in. long ; calyx about ^V ^n- high in flower, ^ in. long in
fruit, spreading or turning downwards in fruit ; the tube pubescent ;
the limb bilabiate, spreading ; one lobe broad and larger than the
rest, about ^ in. long in the flower and ^ in. long in fruit ; throat
naked ; corolla curved in a sigmoid manner, subglabrous, slightly
puberulous outside with short scattered hairs, bilabiate ; the lips
nigro-punctulate ; the larger lip i in. long, bent at a right angle
at the base, concave-conduplicate, enclosing the andrcecium ;
stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments united at the base into a short
tube ; style slightly thickened at the apex ; nutlets yellowish,
glabrous, ovoid, ^ in. long.

HUILLA. — In herbaceous places close to the banks of the Lopollo
stream at Ferrao da Sola ; fl. and fr. end of Jan. 1860. No. 5612.

14. SYMPHOSTEMON Welw. ms. in Herb., gen. nov.

Calyx at the time of flowering obliquely campanulate, gibbous
at the back of the base, 5-cleft, sub-bilabiate, in fruit somewhat
increased and usually pendulous ; the teeth unequal, the posterior
tooth broadly ovate and obtuse or apiculate, the other teeth
narrower and acute ; corolla-tube exserted, shortly tubular-funnel-
shaped, net sigmoid, a little curved and gibbous at the back near
the base ; the throat wide, scarcely oblique ; the limb bilabiate,
the posterior lip shortly 4-lobed, the anterior one longer entire
boat-shaped and laterally embracing the genital organs ; stamens 4,
didynamous, declinate, all fertile, falling a little short of the
anterior corolla-lip ; filaments widening at the base and united
in a short flat lamina inserted on the corolla- throat at the base
of the anterior lip ; anthers roundish, the cells confluent ; disk
fleshy, produced into 4 thick obovoid glands beside the base of the
nutlets ; ovary 4-partite ; style shortly exceeding the corolla-tube,
nearly entire ; stigma emarginate at the apex ; nutlets com-
pressed, obovoid.

A nearly glabrous minutely glandular herb; leaves opposite,
sub-opposite, sub-ternate, and sub-alternate ; racemes terminal ;
pedicels alternate opposite and sub-ternate, bracteate at or near
the base, spreading.

1. S. insolitus.

Plectranthus insolitus C. H. Wright in Joxarn. Linn. Soc. xxxiv.
p. 275, t. 6, figs. 7 & 8 (July 1899).

Perennial, 6 to 12 in. high, very elegant ; rootstock tuberous,
large, fleshy ; stems several, erect or ascending, simple or branched
near the base, rigid ; leaves sub-linear, narrowed at both ends,
herbaceous-green, somewhat rigid, entire or pauci-denticulate,
sessile, f to 2 in. long by T^ to £ in. broad ; inflorescence 2 to 6 in.
long; lower pedicels about i in. long ; bracts ranging up to £ in.
long ; flowers i to f in. long, clear blue, glandular ; calyx
glandular, -| to ^ in. long ; style ^ in. long.

868 xcvu. LABIATE. [Symphostemon

HUILLA. — In hilly bushy sandy and rocky places about Lopollo,
towards the east, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 to Feb. 1860.
Nos. 1634, 5593.

15. JEOLANTHUS Mart. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1176.

1. JE. elsholtzioi'des Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 187
(21 Aug. 1894).

HUILLA. — An annual herb, 6 in. to about a foot high ; stem erect,
cylindrical or tetragonal, glandular-shaggy, somewhat viscid, purplish,
sparingly branched ; scent weak, not agreeable to every one ; leaves
bright green, somewhat fleshy, viscid-glandular ; flowers deep blue ;
calyx tubular, short, 4-toothed, the lowest tooth much larger than the
rest, bent inwards after flowering and then closing the tube ; corolla
rather long, tubular, the tube moderately curved, the limb bilabiate,
the upper lip trifid or (the middle lobe being deeply emarginate) 4-fid ;
the lower lip entire, saccate-cymbiform ; stamens 4, didynamous ; the
filaments free, naked ; style filiform ; stigma bilobed, its branches
spreading. In moist meadows and by the clefts of rocks in Morro de
Monino, plentiful ; fl. and fr. 8 April 1860. No. 5478. A herb, 6 to
22 in. high. In very elevated rocky places in the same locality, in
company with Streptocarpm (cf. S. monophyllus Welw. herb. n. 1660) ;
fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 5479.

2. JE. Welwitschii Briq., I.e., p. 188.

HUILLA.— A fleshy shrublet, suffused with a reddish colour through-
out, sometimes even on the leaves ; flowers violet-purple. In the more
elevated rocky parts of Morro de Monino ; fl. Dec. 1859. ' No. 5480.
Flowers rosy purple. By rocks in the elevated parts of Morro de
Monino ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5482. In the rocky parts of
Morro de Lopollo ; fl. and fr. May 1860. No. 5481.

3. JE. nodosus Hiern, sp. n.

A hard and very rigid shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, glabrous or nearly
so, when out of flower much resembling a species of Sedum ; stem
succulent, nodose, ascending, dichotomously branched ; branches
spreading, ascending, leafy below the terminal inflorescence;
leaves opposite, obovate or ovate or nearly orbicular, obtuse at
the apex, obtuse or attenuate at the base, fleshy, somewhat thick,
lepidote-glaucous, viscid, undulate-crenate on the margin, f to
2 in. long by ^ to 1§ in. broad ; petioles ranging up to £ in. long ;
flowers rosy, very crowded, lasting for a long time, | to ^ in. long,
very shortly pedicellate or subsessUe ; panicles pyramidal, minutely
viscid-glandular, 3 to 6 in. long ; their primary branches patent,
1 to 2| in. long, bracteate at the base ; calyx tubular, ^ in. long ;
corolla bilabiate ; the upper lip 4-lobed ; the lobes obtuse, erect-
reclined ; the lower lip sagittate-tripartite ; the middle lobe boat-
shaped, obtuse, bent downwards; the lateral lobes triangular-
lanceolate, erect or bent backwards ; stamens 4, didynamous, two
of them sterile; fertile anthers 1 -celled by the confluence of the
cells, dehiscing transversely ; style a little shorter than the fila-
ments, sub-bifid at the apex, the branches cohering; nutlets
ovoid, naked.

PuNGO ANDONGO.— By elevated volcanic rocks near Cabondo,
plentiful, but only in a few places ; fl. April 1857. Nos. 1627, 5596.

JEolanthus] xcvu. LABIATE. 869

Nearly related to ^E. Welwitschii Briq., but with broader leaves, a
more rigid habit, etc.

4. IE. elongatus Briq., I.e., p. 188.
jEolanthus sp., Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 241 (1884).

GOLTJNGO ALTO. — A strongly aromatic herb, introduced from
Casange to the banks of the Luinha ; fr. Dec. 1854. No. 5597.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — No notes. In fl. and fr. No. 5592.

HUILLA. — An annual, erect herb, branched from the base, rarely
simple or nearly so, from 3 in. to scarcely a foot high, the whole plant
very sweetly aromatic and beset everywhere with glandular papillae
intermixed on the stem and bracts with viscid hairs ; stem cylindrical
or somewhat tetragonal, as well as the spreading-ascending branches
glaucescent fleshy and brittle ; leaves oblong-obovate, pale or glaucous-
green, somewhat fleshy, pellucid-punctate, brittle ; flower-spikes .
terminal and axillary, distichous or secund, bracteate ; bracts marked
below the apex with a large round reddish gland ; calyx shortly
tubular, sub-truncate, densely shaggy-glandular outside and on the
margin ; corolla purplish, coloured like that of rosemary, tubular-
bilabiate i the tube curved, longer than the calyx ; the upper lip
trilobulate, somewhat concave ; the lower lip entire, boat-shaped ;
stamens 4, didynamous ; filaments ascending, smooth ; anthers 2-celled ;
the cells at length confluent, patelliform ; style filiform, shortly bilobed
at the apex ; young nutlets 4, globular, smooth. Cultivated in negro
gardens about villages (Libata), and occasionally wild in neglected
plots ; apparently introduced from eastern or northern regions, for it
is altogether wanting from the western coast region. In Cazengo
Welwitsch was told that it had come from the further side of the river
Cuango beyond Canange ; it is grown for the sake of its fragrance
and is chiefly used for making women's pomatum. In elevated rocky
places on the Humpata plateau at an elevation of 5300 ft., about
Sambo de Ferrao, rather rare ; fl. April 1860 ; also by the Monino,
end of May and beginning of June 1860. Native name " Capiana."
No. 5598.

5. JE. rivularis Hiern, sp. n.

An annual, succulent, scentless herb, glabrous or nearly so, 4 to
9 in. long; stem prostrate, fleshy, rather thick, purplish and
divaricately branched below ; leaves ovate or elliptical, rather
obtusely narrowed at the apex, more or less wedge-shaped or
attenuate at the base, decurrent on the short petiole or the upper
ones sessile, fleshy, thick, purplish beneath, obtusely paucidentate,
^ to 1 in. long by -| to ^ in. broad ; petioles ranging up to nearly
\ in. long ; flowers bluish purple or violet in colour, about ^ to
I in. long, sessile, arranged in divaricately paniculate spikes;
inflorescence terminal, li to Sin. long; bracts ranging up to ~ in.
long, usually smaller; calyx small, about ^ in. long, shortly
tubular- campanulate, subtruncate at the apex, somewhat repand-
dentate or emarginate, at length bursting in a circumsciss manner
leaving a little cup behind ; corolla-tube about £ in. long, gradually
dilated upwards, gibbous above ; the limb deeply bilabiate ; the
upper lip subequally 4-lobed ; the lobes spreading like an erect
fan, each marked at the base with a transverse purple velvety
line ; the lower lip unguiculate, deeply sagittate-trilobate, the

870 xcvu. LABIATE. [^Eolanthus

lateral lobes long-acuminate, bent upwards, erect, resembling two
elongated auricles ; the intermediate lobe deflected in a sigmoid
manner, bearded, somewhat obtuse, concave, folded over the two
fertile stamens for some time after the flowering ; stamens 4 ;
two of them fertile, a little shorter than the two sterile ones ;
filaments all straight ; the sterile anthers capituliform ; the fertile
ones oblong, 2 -celled, longitudinally dehiscent; style but little
longer than the stamens, equally bifid at the apex; stigmas
punctiform ; nutlets smooth, oblong-subpyriform.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — At crags of gneiss rock by the streams of
the prsesidium on the north-west side ; fl. and fr. end of Feb. 1857.
Nos. 1630, 5591.

6. M. sedoides Hiern, sp. n.

A perennial, evergreen herb, almost scentless, prostrate, rooting,
in habit remarkably like the perennial rock -frequen ting species
of Sedum ; stems pale-ashy, glabrate, fleshy- wiry, dichotomously
branched; branchlets pubescent, the flowering ones elongated;
leaves rosulate-fasciculate, oval, obtuse or rounded at the apex,
sessile or subsessile, shaggy-hoary, £ to £ in. long by ^ to | in.
broad, entire or repand-crenate, thick ; flowers bright violet in
colour, y in. long, sessile or subsessile, in subsecund rather dense
often pedicellate spikes of \ to f in. long, arranged in terminal
and sometimes also axillary panicles which are 1^ to 3 in. long ;
calyx about -£$ in. long, hispid with thick pale hairs, shortly
toothed ; corolla bilabiate ; the tube nearly glabrous, narrowly
funnel-shaped ; the limb somewhat bearded at the back ; the
upper lip 4-lobed, its lobes obtuse and erect ; the lower lip
sagittate-trifid, its lateral segments long-acuminate and bent
backwards, its middle segment cymbiform-concave somewhat
compressed and hooded at the apex ; stamens 4, didynamous,
two of them sterile ; style rather exceeding the stamens.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— On the elevated rocks of Pedra Cabondo,
plentiful but only on the north-west side, in the pnesidium, where in
the dry season, that is, from May to October, in its apparently dead
state it covers them with a very sad colour ; but in March after the
enlivening effect of the December rains it very pleasantly ornaments
these rocks with its crowds of lilac flowers ; fl. April 1857. Nos. 1629,
5594.

7. 2E. tuberosus Hiern, sp. n.

A fleshy, creeping, glaucescent, aromatic herb, with the habit of
a Sedum, puberulous with glandular papillae ; root tuberous ;
stems slender, firm, sinuous, elongated, ascending and branched
at the terminal inflorescence ; leaves opposite or apparently
verticillate by reason of the presence of leafy axillary shoots,
narrowly elliptical-oblong, narrowed at both ends, sessile or sub-
sessile, entire repand or pauci-denticulate, mostly secund, \ to \\
in. long by ^ to £ in. broad ; flowers violet-purplish, about £ in.
long, sessile or subsessile ; verticils 2- to 4-flowered, bracteate at
the base, distant, arranged in spikes i to 2^ in. long; spikes
dichotomously paniculate ; panicles 3 to "6 in. long ; bracts smaller

jEdanthus] xcvu. LABIATE. 871

than the leaves; calyx tubular-campanulate, very shortly 5-toothed,
about -j1^ in. long in flower, in fruit moderately enlarged erect-
spreading closed at the mouth circumsciss at the base and
deciduous together with the nutlets ; the teeth subequally and
very shortly deltoid ; corolla-tube far exserted, deciduous, quite
naked inside, widened towards the throat ; the lower Up gibbous
at the base ; stamens 4, didynamous, the two sterile ones a little
longer than the others ; style shortly subulate-bifid at the apex.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In the more elevated rocky wooded parts of
Mutollo by Pedras de Guinga, plentiful ; fl. and fr. March 1857. Nos.
1628, 5595.

8. 2E. Engleri Briq., I.e., p. 189.

HUILLA. — An erect shrub or a perennial frutescent herb, 2 to 4 ft.
high or more, woody at least at the base, throughout sweetly scented like
Ocimum basilicum but not strongly so, sparingly branched at the apex ;
main stems nodose, cylindrical, pale greenish, somewhat fleshy ;
branches mostly opposite ; leaves opposite, often with fascicles of
other leaves in their axils, somewhat fleshy-coriaceous, rather rigid,
erect, pale green and densely but not pellucidly punctate on both faces,
denticulate towards the apex, pleasantly aromatic ; midrib prominent
above, channelled-impressed beneath ; flowers arranged in dense
compound axillary shortly pedunculate spikes, forming long terminal
cylindrical glandular racemes ; calyx bibracteolate at the base ; the
tube shortly tubular-campanulate, truncate at the mouth, deeply
5-crenate, minutely glandular outside ; corolla coloured as in Salvia
pratensis L. ; the tube much longer than the calyx, curved in the
middle, widened towards the throat ; the limb bilabiate ; the upper lip
erect, 3-lobed, the middle lobe sub-emarginate ; the lower lip directed
forwards boat-shaped, subentire ; stamens 4, didynamous, ascending,
insened on the corolla-tube, subexserted on account of the gaping of
the corolla-lips but rather snorter than they, naked ; anthers versatile,
the cells at length confluent and while dehiscing peltate-circular ;
style filiform, but little curved, terminating in the small subtruncate
more deeply coloured stigma ; young nutlets obtusely ellipsoidal,
somewhat compressed, angular, smooth, whitish ; bracteoles violet-
purple, much exceeding the calyx, marked near the apex outside with
a large circular gland which is tumid at the margin. In wooded rather
elevated damp thickets in Morro de Lopollo, in company with Mela-
stomaceag and species of Xyris, between Catumba and Hai ; fl. beginning
of April 1860. No. 5615. A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, erect, sparingly
branched ; bracts, etc., violet-purple. In thickets at the outskirts of
the forest between Erne and Ivantala, 'rather rare ; fl. and fr. end of
May 1860. No. 5616.

Plectranthus Welwitschii Vatke, mentioned by Briquet, I.e., under
JE. obtusifolius Briq., included ^E. Engleri. ^E. oUusifolius is stated
to have been collected by Welwitsch, no. 473, at Malandsche (Malange) ;
this is an error ; probably Mechow was the collector intended to be
mentioned. I have not seen the type of ^E. obtusifolius, but from
Briquet's description I suspect that Vatke was right in considering it
as conspecific with ^E. Engleri. Briquet, I.e., p. 190, describes also
from Angola sE. floributidus, the type of which I have not seen ; but
he states that it is very near to ^E. obtusifolius, and that the two should,
perhaps, be considered as forming varieties of an aggregate species for
which he suggests the former name. The three species, namely, these

872 xcvu. LABIATJE. [^Eolantkus

two and ^E. Engleri, he placed in a new section of the genus, which
section he calls Cephalaeolanthus, characterised by the sessile or sub-
sessile cymes being congested in terminal cephaloid racemes.

16. ALVESIA Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 55 (1869) ;
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1176.

1. A.rosmarinifolia Welw., I.e., p. 55, t. 19; Wildem. «fe Durand,
Illustr. Fl. Congo, i. fasc. 4, p. 83, t. 42 (June 1899).

HUILLA. — An erect undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, in habit resembling
rosemary but without scent ; stems several, more or less strictly erect,
obtusely tetragonal, pale purple, decussately ramulose ; branchlets
erect-patent, mostly abortive ; leaves lanceolate, rigidly coriaceous,
shining above ; panicles terminal ; flowers racemose, brilliantly rosy,
handsome ; calyx shortly campanulate, bilabiate, at length very much
enlarged, inflated, vesicular, closed at the mouth, greenish purple,
membranous ; the upper lip entire, directed forwards ; the lower lip
somewhat emarginate ; corolla-tube cylindrical at the base, above
widened in the form of a helmet, vertically compressed ; limb
bilabiate ; the upper lip short, 3-lobed, the middle lobe erect, the
lateral lobes truncate ; the lower lip entire, directed far forwards,
sheathing the stamens ; stamens 4, didynamous, ascending, nearly
naked, firm ; anthers all fertile, bilocular, uniform ; the cells almost
distinct, obtuse, diverging ; style filiform, somewhat acute, very shortly
and slenderly bifid. In thin forests and in sandy rather dry secondary
thickets near Lopollo and between Nene and Mumpulla, from 4000 to
5200 ft. of elevation, not plentiful ; few fl. 26 Jan. 1860, fl. Feb. and
April, young fr. May 1860 ; nearly always in company with various
Caesalpiniese, Proteaceae, andjThymelaeaceae. Called by the Portuguese
colonists "alecrim do mato" (wood-rosemary). No. 1636.

It grew in company with Crotalaria erythrophleba Welw. herb. no.
1983 ; see ante p. 200. " Alecrim das pedras " (rock rosemary) is
Myrothammis flabellifolius Welw. herb. no. 1279, ante p. 331.

17. MESOSPHJERUM P. Br. Hist. Jam. p. 257 (1756).
Condea Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 504 (1763). ffyptisJ&cq. Collect, i.

p. 101 (1786); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1178.

1. M. brevipes 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 525 (1891).

Hyptis brevipes Poit. in Ann. Mus. Par. vii. p. 465 (1806).
Leucas Poggeana Briq. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 193 (21 Aug.
1894); cf. Briq. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. xxxvii. p. 61 (13 Aug. 1898).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, at first erect, afterwards
subscandent with weak elongated branches among reeds ; root fibrous ;
flowers white ; calyx 5- or rarely 6-clef t ; the teeth with acute points
but not spiny, patent or spreading in fruit ; the tube a little inflated
about the ripe nutlets ; nutlets obvoid-clubsbaped, smooth, somewhat
angular, blackish purple, very delicately wrinkled ; receptacle with
numerous elongated hair-like whitish-pellucid erect scales. At the
banks of the river Muio in Sobato Quilombo Quiacatubia sparingly •
fl. and fr. middle of July 1856. No. 5576

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A herb, 3 to 5 ft. high ; stem tetragonal, with
elongated subscandent branches ; flowers purplish, very small, aggre-
gated within a foliaceous many-leaved, involucre. In a damp thicket
close to the bank of the river Cuanza at Sansamanda, seen only in one
spot ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No 5599

Mesosphcerum] xcvu. LABIATE. 873

2. M. pectinatum O. Kuntze, I.e.

Nepeta pectinate L. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 1097 (1759). Hyptis
pectinata Poit., I.e., p. 474, t. 30.

AMBRIZ.— In the Mosul marshes ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 5560.

BARRA DO DANDE. — A tall, erect, agreeably fragrant, branched
herb, 3 to 6 ft. high, with white or occasionally violet or purplish
flowers. In swamps throughout the district ; at the lakes on the right
bank of the river Dande near Bombo, plentiful ; fl. and f r. Sept. 1858.
Used instead of incense by the inhabitants of the Lif une and Dande
kingdom, and called by the negroes " Quinbumbo," " Quinbungu,"
" Quibumbo," or " Quinbumba." No. 5531 and COLL. CARP. 857.

BARRA no BENGO. — In palm groves between Quifandongo and
Barra de Bengo, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. 5532.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— Between Trombeta and Cabondo ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1854. No. 5830. A herb, somewhat woody at the base, perennial,
very variable in habit so that it could be easily split into 3 or 4
species by critical botanists ; scent scarcely pleasant, almost mousy ;
stem obtusely quadrangular, furrowed on the sides, usually tall, 2 to

5 ft. high, mostly from pale to blackish purple ; flowers arranged
sometimes in long erect acuminate nearly naked spikes, sometimes in
verticils occupying the axils of the leaves and concealed by them ;
corolla yellow, the tube whitish, the limb bilabiate, the upper lip bifid,
the lower lip trifid, all the lobes rounded-obtuse at the apex and spread-
ing, the middle lobe violet in colour. In damp places by streams and
in wet reed-beds, etc., plentiful ; near Sange, Camilungo, and Bango ;
fl. and fr. July 1855. No. 5561.

MOSSAMKDES. — In gravelly places at the river Maiombo between
Pomangale and Cazimba, sporadic ; fr. after the fall of the corolla,
June 1860. No. 5487.

18. LAVANDULA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1179.
1. L. stricta Delile, Fl. d'Egypte, p. 238, t. 32. fig. 1 (1812),

6 Illustr. p. 65.

L. coronopifolia Poir. Encycl. Meth. Suppl. iii. p. 308 (1813) ;
J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. El. Cap Verd. Ins. p. 218 (1852).

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — Island of St. Vincent ; fl. and fr. Aug.
1853. No. 5523.

19. MENTHA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii.
p. 1182.

1. M. piperita L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 576 (1753).

LOANDA. — No notes. In fl. and fr. No. 5557-

Our specimens have a smaller foliage than is usual with this culti-
vated plant, which by some botanists is considered to be a hybrid
between M. viridis L. and M. uquatica L. ; at all events they were
probably not indigenous at Loanda.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Cultivated in kitchen gardens ; without fl. or fr.
July 1855. Possibly belonging here. No. 5558.

The following No. possibly belongs to the hirsute form of
Mentha aquatica L., I.e., p. 576 : —

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A low prostrate herb. By the banks of the river
Cuango, in damp cultivated ground at Arimo do Mariano ; without fl.
or fr. end of Sept. 1855. No. 5587.

374 xcvu. LABIATE. [Origanum

20. ORIGANUM Tourn., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 1185.

1. 0. Majorana L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 590 (1753).

LOANDA.— A suffruticose herb, very pleasantly aromatic, 1£ to 2 ft.
high, hoary-pubescent on all parts including the branches except the
white corolla ; calyx turbinate, in front cleft to the base. Cultivated
in gardens but rather rarely : at the quintal of Dr. Mendes Alfonso ;
fl. 17 Oct. 1858. No. 5559.

21.CLINOPODIUM Tournef., L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 587 (1753).

Calamintha Lam. Fl. Fr. ii. p. 393 (1778); Bentb. & Hook. f.
Gen. PL ii. p. 1190; non Adans. (1763).

1. C. Calamintha 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 515 (1891).

Melissa Calamintha L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 593 (1753). Cala-
mintha officinalis Moench, Meth. PI. p. 409 (1794); Benth. in
DC. Prodr. xii. p. 228 (1848).

Yar. villosissimuxn (Benth., I.e. ; Lowe, Prim. Mad., app. C,
p. xi [1851]). .

ISLAND OF MADEIRA.— At Camara dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. 12 Aug.
1853. No. 5539.

22. SALVIA Tournef., L. j Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1194.
1. S. pseudococcinea Jacq. Collect, ii. p. 302 (1788).

ISLAND OF MADEIRA.— Woody and branched near the base ; flowers
scarlet. Excursion to Camara dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. 12 Aug. 1853.
No. 5540.

23. ACHYROSPERMUM Blume ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL
ii. p. 1208.

1. A. sethiopicum Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 56 (1869).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A perennial, erect herb, 5 to 7 ft. high ; stem
sparingly branched, obtusely tetragonal, giving off from the middle to
the apex in the axils of the leaves solitary spikes of flowers ; spikes
tetragonal-pyramidal, l£ to 1\ in. long ; calyx white, elongate-cam-
panulate, tubular, dilated towards the limb, 5-toothed, sub4)ilabiate,
the three teeth of the upper lip a little larger than the two of the
lower lip, all acute ; corolla white, tubular ; the tube straight, closed
at its middle with 5 scales directed downwards ; the limb 5-cleft,
bilabiate ; the upper lip shortly or slightly bilobed ; the lower lip
trifid, the middle lobe very broad, the segments obtuse ; stamens 4,
didynamous, sub-exserted or sometimes quite exserted, inserted at the
middle of the corolla-tube ; filaments sub-compressed, short : anthers
bilocular or by confluence unilocular, dehiscing longitudinally ; style
filiform ; stigma bilobed ; the lobes cylindrical, short, equal ; nutlets
crowned at the apex with very numerous closely inter woven membranous
whitish scales resembling a pappus. In the shady forest at a cataract
in the rocky Calundo valley, near the presidium, sporadic and rather
rare ; fl. 6 May, half -ripe fr. 18 May 1857. No. 1633.

24. STACHYS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1208.
1. S. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.
A perennial herb ; stems numerous, 4 ft. high, branched, densely

XCVII. LABIATE. 875

leafy, bluntly tetragonal, furrowed, stellate-hairy towards the
apex; leaves ovate, acuminate and often very acute at the apex,
more or less cordate at the base, thinly herbaceous or softly
membranous, dark green and sparingly stellate-hairy above,
hoary and densely stellate-hairy beneath, denticulate, 2 to 4^ in.
long by | to 2^ in. broad ; petiole more or less hoary, stellate-
hairy ; flowers violet-rosy, about f in. long ; pedicels ^ to ^ in.
long, stellate-hairy ; verticils many-flowered, distant or the upper
ones approximated, the lower ones leafy at the base, together
forming a terminal slightly leafy inflorescence ; calyx nearly ^ in.
long, stellate-hairy outside, glabrous inside, campanulate-oblong,
sub-regularly 5-toothed; the tube inconspicuously nerved, £ in.
long ; the teeth lanceolate, subulate, erect ; corolla- tube cylindrical,
-^ in. long, gibbous-dilated about the middle, densely pilose inside
at the insertion of the stamens : the limb bilabiate, the lower lip
3-lobed ; the middle lobe rotundate-obcordate, crenulate on the
margin ; the lateral lobes much shorter, obtuse ; the upper lip
rotundate-conchiform, concave, erect, much shorter than the lower
lip ; stamens 4 ; anthers shortly exserted ; style shortly bilobed
at the apex, the branches cylindrical.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In damp thickets about the gigantic rocks of
Catete, plentiful ; fl. beginning of Dec. 1856. No. 5546.

2. S. huillensis Hiern, sp. D.

A perennial herb, 1 to 2 ft. high ; rootstock woody ; stems
numerous, erect or ascending, somewhat woody at the base,
herbaceous and sparingly branched above, roundedly tetragonal,
furrowed, hoary and tomentose with stellate hairs at the top,
moderately leafy ; leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed and scarcely
acuminate at the apex, somewhat narrowed or nearly rounded at
the subsessile base, herbaceous, dark green and sparingly stellate-
hairy above, paler and more or less stellate-felted beneath, denti-
culate, 1 to 3 in. long by ^ to 1 in. broad ; flowers white, about
f in. long ; pedicels very short, ^ to ^ in. long, stellate-hairy ;
verticils several-flowered, the lower ones distant and axillary, the
upper ones closer together and forming a terminal bracteate
spike, the whole inflorescence 4 to 8 in. long ; calyx £ in. long,
campanulate-oblong, stellate-hairy outside, glabrous inside ; the
tube ^ in. long, 10-nerved ; the lobes lanceolate, subulate, unequal
in breadth at the base ; corolla-tube cylindrical, ^ in. long, not
gibbous about the middle, not densely pilose inside at the insertion
of the stamens ; the limb bilabiate, the lower lip 3-lobed, the
middle lobe rotundate, repand ; the lateral lobes much shorter
than the middle lobe, obtuse ; the upper lip rotundate, concave,
much shorter than the lower lip ; stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers
shortly exserted ; style shortly bifid at the apex, falling short of
the longer filaments.

HUILLA. — In dry bushy pastures, from Lopollo to Catumba ; fl.
Feb. to April 1860. No. 5509. In muddy swampy wooded places,
from Ohai to Catumba ; fl. April 1860. No. 5510.

876 xcvii. LABIATE. [Zewco*

25. LEUCAS R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. p. 1213.
Lasiocorys Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. p. 600 (1834); Benth. &
Hook, f., I.e.

1. I. martinicensis Ait. Hort. Kew. edit. 2, iii. p. 409 (1811).
Clinopodium martinicense Swartz, Enum. Syst.':Pl. p. 25 (1760).

PJdomis caribaa Jacq. Collect, i. p. 154 (1786) ; Swartz, Fl. Ind.
Occ. ii. p. 1009 (1800). P. Martinicensis Swartz, Prodr. p. 88
(1788).

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In fl. and fr. Dec. 1856. Nos. 5542, 55866.

HUILLA.— In fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 5503. A herb, 1 to 3 ft.
high, annual, smelling like a Lamium, with the habit of a Lemiotis ;
flowers small, inconspicuous ; corolla white, the tube long, the limb
bilabiate ; the middle lobe of the lower lip constantly larger than the
lateral lobes, usually more or less bifid or at least emarginate at the
apex so that the lip appears 4-clef t ; the upper lip entire, erect, very
hairy. In neglected fields near Lopollo, plentiful ; in the national
garden, fl. 31 March 1860. No. 5502.

2. L. decurvata Baker ms. in herb. Kew.

A rather slender, erect, puberulous, annual herb, 16 to 24 in.
high or more, sparingly branched ; stem obtusely quadrangular,
furrowed ; leaves elliptical, narrowed to the acute or sub-obtuse
apex, wedge-shaped at the base, membranous, minutely glandular,
more or less puberulous, green above, slightly or scarcely paler
beneath, more or less often deeply dentate except the lower part,
1 to 3| in. long by ^ to 1^ in. broad ; petioles ranging up to ^ in.
long ; flowers numerous, 'sessile or subsessile, crowded in dense
sessile axillary and subterminal verticils, | to | in. long ; verticils
subglobose, £ to 1 in. in diameter, bracteate at the base ; bracts
numerous, filiform-subulate or sub-linear, mostly } to f in. long,
ciliate ; calyx | to } in. long in flower, | to f in. long in fruit ;
the tube ellipsoidal-oblong, rather compressed, somewhat turbinate
at the base, curving downwards at the apex, more or less
hispidulous or puberulous, 10-nerved, about £ in. long in flower
and £ in. long in fruit; the limb bilabiate; the lower lip
spreading or deflected, transversely oblong, 5-fid, ^ to | in. long,
the lobes subulate, the middle 3 arising from a deltoid base;
the upper lip short, subtruncate with 5 erect subulate teeth;
corolla-tube shortly exceeding the calyx, erect ; the limb bilabiate ;
the lower lip spreading, about T'T in. long, tritid ; the middle lobe
the largest, emarginate at the apex ; the upper lip erect, hairy
outside, fringed, T\ to -^ in. long, broadly obovate, concave,
entire.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— In fl. and fr. Nos. 5526, 5541.
Nearly related to L. martinicemis Ait.

3. L. Welwitschii Giirke in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxii. p. 141
(19 Nov. 1895).

PUNGO ANDOXGO.-A herb, 1 to 1$ ft. high ; rootstock woody ; stems
numerous, erect or ascending ; flowers brilliantly white. In the forest
^ » ferragmous clay soil, near Quibango ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857.
Ao. 5563.

Leucas\ xcvu. LABIATE. 877

4. L. Bakeri Hiern, sp. n.

An annual, erect, pubescent, minutely glandular, hoary-greenish
herb, 1 to 2|- ft. high, with the smell of a Lamium, more or less
branched from the base ; stem obtusely tetragonal, rather slender,
its pubescence directed downwards ; branches spreading, ascend-
ing, leafy towards the apex ; leaves linear or nearly so, obtusely
narrowed or scarcely acute at the apex, somewhat narrowed at
the sessile base, paucidentate, firmly herbaceous, punctulate, 1J
to 2^ in. long by -| to f in. broad ; flowers i in. long, subsessile,
several, crowded together in axillary and quasi-terminal verticils ;
verticils bracteate at the base ; bracts several, filiform-subulate,
strongly ciliate, ^ to i in. long ; calyx i in. long in flower, ^ in.
long in fruit, 10-ribbed, tubular-bilabiate; the tube |- in. long,
somewhat turbinate, more or less pubescent inside and out ; the
limb 10-lobed ; the teeth acute, subulate, joined together below
with an arachnoid membrane, separate at the apex, three of
them taller than the rest; corolla % in. long, rather shorter than
the calyx, white, the tube ^ in. long ; the upper lip emarginate at
the apex or shortly 2-lobed, densely white-shaggy ; the lower lip
3-lobed ; stamens shorter than the corolla ; nutlets 4, truncate.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In wooded meadows at the right bank of the
river Cuanza between Muta Lucala and Quibinda, plentiful ; fl. and
fr. March 1857. No. 3232.

HUILLA.— In potato fields near Lopollo ; fl. Deo. 1859. No. 5512.
On the Empalanca plateau ; fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 5513.

5. L. ebracteata Peyritsch in Sitzb. Akad. Wien, Math.-Nat.
xxxviii. p. 577 (1860).

I have not seen the type of this species ; our specimens which
are described below appear to belong to it : —

An annual, erect or decumbent, usually branched herb, with
the habit of a Leonotis, from a few inches to a few feet high ; the
stem trichotomously branchediand the spreading branches obtusely
tetragonal, 4-furrowed, minutely glandular, pubescent with short
downward hairs, pallid ; leaves elliptical or oval, obtuse at the
apex, somewhat narrowed towards the base, thinly herbaceous,
softly puberulous, minutely glandular, dark green above, paler
and more pubescent along the veins beneath, strongly crenate-
dentate, £ to 2^ in. long by f to 1^ in. broad ; petioles ranging up
to ^ in. long, pubescent ; flowers white, f in., subsessile or very
shortly pedicellate, numerous, crowded in axillary and subterminal
verticils ; verticils not conspicuously bracteate at the base, sessile ;
bracts minute ; calyx tubular-turbinate, bilabiate, ^ in. long or
in fruit rather longer, pubescent outside, naked inside ; the tnbe
about T65- in. long, 10-ribbed, not contracted at the mouth; the
lower lip subquadrate, tridentate at the apex, about £ in.
broad, suberect, the teeth shortly subulate; the upper lip very
short, subtruncate, 5-dentate ; the teeth unequal, rather short and
subulate ; corolla nearly f in. long, bilabiate ; the tube nearly
^ in. long, about ^ in. in diameter at the base, gradually dilated
in the upper half ; upper lip erect, about ^ in. long, obovate-

878 xcvu. LABIATE. [Leucas

oblong, densely hairy outside, strongly fringed, glabrous inside,
emarginate at the apex; lower lip obovate, \ in. long, trifid,
pubescent at the back except the middle lobe ; the middle lobe
the largest, bifid ; stamens scarcely equalling the upper lip, rather
longer than the style which is unequally bifid at the apex;
nutlets 4, papillose at the apex.

BENGUBLLA.— Among rubbish and in neglected fields, everywhere
around the city ; fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 5501.

MOSSAMEDES.— In neglected plots after cultivation, and around
negro-huts, between Quipola and Mata dos Carpenteiros, rather rare ;
fl. and fr. June 1859. Also in sandy herbaceous places at the river
Bero and in neglected plots ; fl. July 1859. No. 5516.

BUMBO. — In fields after being planted with Aruchis liypogwa L. ; fl.
Oct. 1859! Only one specimen. No. 5517.

6. L. altissima Engl. Bot. Jahrb. x. p. 268 (9 Oct. 1888).
MOSSAMEDES.— An erect or ascending, very elegant herb, apparently

annual or biennial, 2 to 2£ ft. high ; leaves herbaceous-green ; flowers
white ; verticils clothed with whitish wool. In sandy thickets at the
banks of the river Bero ; fl. July 1859. No. 5484.

7. L. Eenii Hiern, sp. n.

An annual, straight, erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, sparingly
branched; stem pubescent with short downward hairs, pallid,
obtusely tetragonal, sulcate ; internodes mostly longer than the
leaves ; leaves lanceolate or narrowly elliptical, narrowed at the
apex to an obtuse point, somewhat wedge-shaped at the sessile
base, firmly herbaceous, somewhat pubescent, green above, a little
paler beneath, crenate-serrulate except towards the base, 1 to 2-J-
in. long by |- to ^ in. broad ; flowers white, \ in. long or rather
longer, sessile or subsessile, numerous, crowded in axillary and
subterminal verticils ; verticils subglobose, £ to 1 in. in diameter,
sessile, bracteate at the base ; bracts numerous, filiform, subulate,
strongly ciliate, i to ^ in. long, the tip cartilaginous, acute ; calyx
i in. long ; the tube campanulate-oblong, nearly straight, a little
narrowed near the base, scarcely contracted at the mouth, £ in.
long, 10-nerved, pubescent outside, less conspicuously pubescent
inside along the nerves; the limb slightly bilabiate in flower;
teeth 5, subulate from a broad base, pubescent except the acute
cartilaginous apex, the two anterior ones a little longer in flower
and less erect than the rest; corolla about } in. long, thinly

rbescent outside, bilabiate ; the anterior lip spreading, trifid,
in. long ; the middle lobe obovate, entire, longer than the
lateral lobes; the posterior lip oval-oblong, emarginate at the
apex, somewhat spreading, i in. long; tube narrowly funnel-
shaped, ^ in. long, glabrous below ; the throat not bearded ;
stamens 4, didynamous, included, inserted about the middle of the
corolla-tube ; style included, hairy above, obsoletely bilobed ;
nutlets obpyramidal, truncate, shining.

MOSSAMEDES.— In gravelly thickets at the banks of the river Bero ;
fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5486.

This belongs to the section Lasiocorys (Benth.) ; it was also collected

Leitcas] xcvii. LABIATE. 879

by T. G. Een in Damara-land in 1879. Such is the correct spelling of
the collector's name, although in the Botanical Magazine, t. 6783, Mr.
Baker stated that the bulb of Crinum leucophyllum, the plant which he
there described, had been brought from Damara-land " by a Danish
sea captain of the name of Thurb Gustave Bin " ; in the Flora of
Tropical Africa, however, vii. p. 397 (1898), for the same species the
name is given as Thure Gustaf Een. The genus Eenia Hiern &
S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1899 p. 373, in Composite, was named in
honour of the same collector.

26. LEONOTIS R. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1214.

1. L. nepetifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. edit. 2, iii. p. 409 (1811).

PJdomis nepetcefolia L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 586 (1753). P. nepeti-
folia L. Syst. Nat., edit. 12, ii. p. 398 (1767). L. nepetcefolia
Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. p. 535 (1848).

LOANDA. — An annual herb, 2£ ft. high ; leaves ranging up to 4 in.
long and broad, petioles to 3 in. long. In fl. and fr. Nos. 5562, 5577-

HUILLA. — At Humpata ; infl. and fr. April 1860. No. 5500.

PRINCE'S ISLAND.— In fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 5578.

This is probably the Leonotis referred to by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons.
Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (Aug. 1854), p. 84. n. 88, as occurring in wooded
places near Freetown, Sierra Leone, Sept. 1853.

Negro names are "Maluvo m'angilla" or " Maluvo iamgilla," and
" Maluvo iam9onco " ; a decoction of the pknt is used in diseases of
the abdomen.

27. TINNEA Kotschy & Peyritsch ; Welw. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxvii. p. 57 (1869); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1220.

1. T. antiscorbutica Welw.,Z.c., p. 58 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 241
(1884).

GOLTTNGO ALTO. — An undershrub or herbaceous plant, woody at the
base, 4 to 6 ft. high and more ; rootstock thick, polycephalous ; stems
numerous, tetragonal ; leaves opposite or ternate or more rarely alternate,
the floral leaves and the bracts softly silky ; inflorescence thyrsoid,
violet-rosy throughout ; bracts rosy ; calyx tubular-campanulate,
horizontally compressed, bilabiate, closed after the flowering ; the
lobes entire, rounded-obtuse, somewhat concave, persistent, silky-rosy
outside, intensely rosy inside ; corolla-tube but little exserted, nearly
straight, naked and whitish inside, dilated at the throat ; limb bilabiate,
large ; the upper lip short, bilobed ; the lobes rotundate-obtuse, over-
lapping ; the lower lip large, 3-lobed ; the lateral lobes short, obtuse ;
the intermediate lobe very large, obcordate-rotund, velvety with
intensely purple felt ; the throat together with the limb horizontally
compressed ; stamens 4, somewhat ascending, all fertile ; filaments
flattened, subcanaliculate, somewhat pilose on the sides, longer than
the lower lip of the corolla, dilated into an obtuse fleshy incurved
intensely yellow spathulate top under the upper lip, but little exserted ;
anthers approximated in pairs, all bilocular, the cells ovoid-globose ;
style bifid at the apex ; the upper branch short, subulate, not stigma-
tose ; the lower branch longer, stigmatose ; the hypogynous disk thick,
elevated, not dentate, obsoletely angular ; nutlets obovoid when young,
obtuse, but little compressed, glabrous on the inner side, subgibbous,
silky- tomentose outside ; the mature nutlets winged. In thin rocky
woods and on the more elevated slopes of the mountains in the central

880 xcvu. LABIATE. [Tinnea

and eastern Queta, not uncommon, flowering from August to December
and fruiting from November to February ; at Sange, Nov. 1854 and
Feb 1855 ; at Carengue, Sept. and Dec. 1855. The powder of the
dried leaves is remarkably antiscorbutic. The native name is " Cateto
Bulla." No. 1632. Fruiting calyx simulating a pericarp, f in. long ;
carpels 4, resembling seeds, surrounded with a long fringe, altogether
about £ in. long. Among the Queta mountaihs ; fr. Aug. 1856. COLL.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves obtusely
emarginate at the apex. In the less dense woods near the presidium
in the direction of Catete, sparingly ; in young fl. March 1857.
No. 1631. At Mopopo ; fr. 30 April 1857. COLL. CARP. 852.

In Golungo Alto this plant is very abundant ; there and also in
Pungo Andongo it is called " Catete Bnlla " ; the tender shoots and
the leaves, dried and reduced to a powder, and administered either in
bulk or in the form of a saturated infusion, were at times recommended
to Welwitsch by the negro doctors as furnishing one of the most
efficacious remedies for scorbutic diseases especially for those of the
mouth; he, however, had no opportunity of convincing himself of
any salutary effects in such cases. See Welw. Synopse Explic. p. 28.
n. 62 (1862). .

2. T. eriocalyx Welw., I.e., p. 59.

HUILLA. — A suffrutescent herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, silky-woolly in
some forms ; rootstock thick, woody, polycephalous ; stems clustered,
erect, tomentose, simple or branched at the middle ; leaves opposite or
ternate or on the same specimen alternate, all opposite in some forms,
quite entire, firmly membranous, ovate or oval, shortly petiolate ;
flowers whitish rosy or pale purple, solitary in the axils of the upper
leaves, subsecund, somewhat drooping, shortly pedunculate, bibracteo-
late below the middle ; calyx globose, vesicular-turgid, closed in the
bud, opening by a transverse chink, with both the upper and the lower
lips quite entire and subrotund-truncate, closed after the flowering,
enlarged in fruit and cleft to the base, persistent, completely conceal-
ing the carpels ; corolla intensely violet-purple ; the tube included in
the calyx, but little curved, hirsute inside at the insertion of the
stamens ; the throat transversely dilated ; the limb bilabiate ; the
upper lip ascending, emarginate-bifid ; the lower lip trifid ; the lateral
lobes shorter than the intermediate one, equalling the upper lip ; the
middle lobe dilated, emarginate, directed forwards ; stamens 4, exserted,
ascending-deflected, the lower pair the longer, all fertile ; filaments of
the upper pair filiform, those of the lower pair clavate at the apex
and twice as thick as the upper ones, all articulate at the apex to
the yellow pulvinate-tumid connective ; anthers bilocular, the cells
separate at the base and dehiscing longitudinally, the pollen whitish ;
ovary 4-lobed, placed on the short thick disk, the lobes papilliform
erect and equal ; style central, filiform, somewhat thickened at the
middle, a little shorter than the acute terminal stigma ; nutlets 4 or 3,
rarely fewer, elongated-clavate, erect, ventricose and naked on the
inner side, girt on the outer side and quasi-scuteUate with a broad
wing consisting of fibres some radiating and others transverse and
arachnoid-intertwined. In rather dry hilly bushy places and at the
outskirts of forests between Lopollo and Mumpulla and between the
former place and Catumba, plentiful ; fl. from Dec. 1859 to end (26th)
of March 1860. No. 1635. In fr. 9 May 1860, at Lopollo. " Catete
Bulla de Lopollo." COLL. CARP. 32.

Ajuga] xcvii. LABIATE. 881

28. AJUGA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 1222.

1. A. Iva Schreb. PI. Vert. Unilab. p. 25 (1773) ; J. A. Schmidt,
Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. Ins. p. 224 (1852).

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — Island of St. Vincent ; without fl. or fr.
Aug. 1853. No. 5524. Island of St. Jago ; in rocky places near Villa
da Praia ; fl. Jan. 1861. No. 5525.

XCVIIL PLANTAGINE^.

1. PLANTAGO Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL ii.
p. 1224.

1. P. major L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 112 (1753) ; J. A. Schmidt,
Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. Ins. p. 181 (1852).

BARRA DO DANDE.— In marshy herbaceous places on the left bank
of the river Dande, not common'; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. The variety
simiata Decaisne in DC. Prodr. xiii. 1, p. 694 (1852). No. 513.

LOANDA. — By dried-up ponds or lakes behind Fazenda de Quicuxe ;
fl. and fr. July 1854. No. 5136. In gardens ; fr. Oct. 1860. A very
large form. COLL. CARP. 859.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Annual or persisting for several years, sometimes
dwarf, sometimes with large leaves a foot long ; spikes almost a foot
long, often at least 1-J ft. ; flowering nearly all the year. At the
herbaceous banks of the river Quiapose, and in fields about Sange,
plentiful and almost ubiquitous ; fl. and fr. June and July 1856.
No. 514. Biennial ; in damp fields near Sange, not uncommon ; fl. and
fr. July 1856. The variety asiatica Decaisne, I.e. No. 513c. A form
with comparatively distant flowers, collected with the last. No. 513^.

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — In moist places on the top of Monte
Verde in the Island of St. Vincent ; fl. 20-21 Aug. 1853. A slender
form. No. 523.

2. P. arborescens Poiret in Lam. Encycl. Meth. v. p. 389 (1804) ;
Welw. in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (August 1854), p. 81,
n. 36.

Var. maderensis Harms in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 36,
p. 373 (1895).

P. maderensis Decaisne, I.e., p. 733.

ISLAND OF MADEIRA. — A shrublet, a foot high, not at all arborescent ;
branches woody, ascending. In dry stony places between Funchal and
Camara dos Lobos ; fr. 13 Aug. 1853. No. 515.

XCIX.

1. MIRABILIS Biv., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 3
(Feb. 1880).

1. M. Jalapa L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 177 (1753).

M. dichotoma L. Syst. Nat. edit. 10, ii. p. 931 (1759); Welw.
Apontam. p. 547 sub n. 76 (1859).

ICOLO E BENGO. — Cultivated at the convent of Santo Antonio ; fr.
Dec. 1853. No. 53T7&.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In the primitive forest at the river Luinha, quite
wild and plentiful, doubtfully indigenous ; fl. Dec. 1854. No. 5377-

CAZENGO. — A tall herb, 3 to 4 ft. high ; flowers white, fragrant, with

57

882 xcix. NYCTAGiNEjE. [Mirabilis

a long tube. In moist primitive forests at the banks of the river
Luinha, wild and plentiful ; fl. June 1855. No. 5376.

In Pungo Andongo it is abundant along streams : see note under
Polygonum lanigerum R. Br. Welwitsch considered that this plant
must have been originally introduced into Angola (and probably into
all the other districts of Africa where it occurs) by the missionaries,
because its fruit, as also that of Abrus, Canm, Coix, etc., is used for
the so-called chaplets or crowns of roses.

2. BOERHAVIA L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 3 (1753).
Boerhaavia Vaill. Sermo, p. 50 (1718); Murr, Syst. Veg. p. 50
(1774); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 5.

1. B. repens L., I.e. ; J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. Ins.
p. 179 (1852).

B. diffusa L., I.e. B. suberosa Chr. Sm. in Tuckey, Congo,
p. 249 (1818). B. depressa Chr. Sin., I.e. B. hereroensis Heimerl
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. x. p. 9 (6 July 1888).

ICOLO E BENGO. — In dried-up pools at the river Bengo ; fl. and fr.
Jan. 1854. No. 5387. In muddy-sandy places, quite dry in winter,
flooded in summer, around Lagoa de Quilonde ; fl. and fr. beginning
-of Sept 1857. No. 5388.

LOANDA. — In hot sandy places near Penedo ; fl. and fr. March 1858.
No. 5389. An annual herb, branched from the root ; branches prostrate,
virgate-ramulose ; flowers rosy. In sandy places flooded in summer,
in short grass between Penedo and Conceicao ; fl. and fr. March 1854.
No. 5390. Annual, prostrate, with violet-coloured flowers. In muddy
places near Loanda ; fr. May 1854. COLL. CARP. 860. In sunny
sandy places near Penedo ; fr. May 1858. No. 5389.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In sandy rocky parts of the presidium ; fl. and fr.
March 1857. An annual prostrate herb, with discolorous leaves and
violet-coloured flowers. In dry, rocky-sandy places in the court-yard
of the residence of the governor of Pungo Andongo, plentiful ; fl. and
fr. April 1857. No. 5385.

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.— In the island of St. Vincent ; without
fl. or fr. Aug. 1853. No. 5381.

2. B. adscendens Willd. Sp. PL i. p. 19 (1797); Ficalho, PI.
Uteis, p. 242 (1884) (Boerhaavia).

AMBRIZ.— In fl. Nov. 1853. No. 5386. At Quisembo ; fl. and fr.
Nov. 1853. Called " Herba tostao." No. 5382.

BARRA DO DANDE.— A weak, slender herb, with greenish glaucescent
stems and whitish lilac flowers. In bushy moist hilly places near the
mouth of the river Dande ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 5392.

LOANDA.— Cazanga island ; fl. March 1858. No. 5383- A perennial
herb ; root tubercular ; stems decumbent-ascending ; leaves somewhat
fleshy. In sandy maritime and hilly bushy places throughout the
district and also in the coast region at Penedo, plentiful ; fl. and fr.
May and June 1858. The Portuguese colonists call it " Herba tostao."
No. 5384. A decumbent herb or almost an undershrub ; rhizome
thick, woody-spongy, polycephalous ; stems prostrate, H to 3 ft. long ;
branches and branchlets ascending ; leaves somewhat" fleshy, pallid,
glaucescent, with the aspect almost of Atriplex ; flowers rather small,
pale violet in colour. In barren sparingly grassy hilly places to the
south-west of Loanda, at Praia da Zamba grande ; fl. and fr. end of
Dec. 1858. No. 5393.

Soerhavia] xcix. NYCTAGINB^E. 883

GOLTJNGO ALTO. — In thickets near Quiquelequele : fl. and fr. July
1856. No. 5380.

PRINCE'S ISLAND.—" Herba tostao." In fl. Sept. 1853. No. 5391.
In Ambriz and Loanda the natives call this plant " Embate " or " Bate-
bate " ; a decoction of the tuberous root is used as a remedy in cases of
jaundice. It is also called " Ditumbate," plural " Matumbate."

3. B. plumbaginea Cavan. Icon. ii. p. 7. n. 121. t. 112 (1793).

Valeriana scandens Forsk. Fl. ^Egypt.-Arab. p. 12 (1775) ; non
Loefl. (1758). £. dichotoma Vahl, Enum. PI. i. p. 290 (1804).

LOANDA. — A perennial herb ; rootstock woody, polycephalous ;
flowers lilac. In dry hilly places near the convent of Santo Jose at
Loanda ; fl.-bud and fr. Dec. 1853 and Feb. 1854. No. 5379. Flowers
lilac or violet-purple. In hilly bushy places above Penedo and near
Boa Vista ; fl. and fr. March 1854. No. 5395. A herb, 3 to 8 ft. long,
almost scandent, or decumbent on other shrubby plants ; flowers com-
paratively large. Very plentiful in all the littoral districts of Angola,
flowering nearly the whole year ; at Alto das Cruzes, Dec. 1853 ; at
Praia da Zamba grande, July 1858 ; fl. and fr. No. 5394.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — At Cacarambola ; in fl.-bud and fr. Aug. 1856.
A decoction of the root is used as a remedy in cases of jaundice.
No. 5396.

3. BUGINVILLJEA Commers. ex Juss. Gen. PI. p. 91 (1789) ;
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 7. (Bougainvillcea).

1. B. spectabilis Wffld. Sp. PI. ii. p. 348 (1799).

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — Cultivated in the interior parts of the
island of San Thiago ; fl. Jan. 1861. No. 5378.

C. ILLECEBRACE^.
1. POLLICHIA Ait. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 14.

1. P. campestris Ait. Hort. Kew. edit. 1, p. 5 (1789).
MOSSAMEDES. — A suffrutescent herb or a shrublet, 2 to 3 ft. high ;

rhizome polycephalous ; stems divaricately branched, the young shoots
clothed with a snow-white felt; flowers fasciculate, the bundles as well
as each flower sheathed with thin hyaline bracteoles ; calyx 5-cleft, red,
somewhat fleshy ; petals 0 ; stamen 1, attached to the calyx-tube ;
ovary ellipsoidal ; style central, elongated, shortly bifid at the apex ;
utricle loose ; seed ellipsoidal, smooth. In sandy dry or moist places
at the banks of the river Bero, plentiful but only at a very few spots ;
fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 1088. In rocky sparingly bushy places on
the right bank of the river Caroca, near Cabo Negro ; fr. Sept. 1859.
No. 10886. A divaricate, branched undershrub, 2 ft. high ; stem
nodose ; stipules scarious, the scales which involve the fruits fleshy,
dusky. In sandy places at the banks of the river Bero ; fr. July 1859.
COLL. CARP. 879.

2. PARONYCHIA Adans; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 15.
1. P. illecebroides Webb in Hook. Ic. PI. viii. t. 756 (1848),

and in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 106. t. 7 (1849) ; J. A. Schmidt, Beitr.
Fl. Cap Verd. Ins. p. 275 (1852).

Herniaria illecebroides Chr. Sm. in Tuckey, Congo, p. 250 (1818).

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — At the maritime rocks and in sandy

884 c. ILLECEBRACE.E. [Paronychict

hilly places, at Praia de Gale, Porto Grande, in the island of St.
Vincent, plentiful ; without fl. or fr. August 1853. Xo. 1067- In the
same neighbourhood, near the town of Mindello, plentiful ; in fl. and
fr. Jan. 1861. No. 1067&.

3. SCLEROCEPHALUS Boiss.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. iii. p. 17.

1. S. arabicus Boiss. Diagn. PI. Or. Nov. i. fasc. 3, p. 12 (1843).

Paronychia sclerocephala Decaisne in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, iii.
p. 262 (1835). P. sclerocarpa Steud. Nomencl. Bot. ii. p. 269
(1841). S. Auckeri Walp. Repert. v. p. 75 (1845) ; J. A. Schmidt,
Beitr. Fl. Cap Yerd. Ins. p. 276 (1852).

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — A prostrate, rigid, somewhat fleshy,
apparently annual herb, with the habit nearly of Illecebrum ; fruit
echinate. In rocky maritime hilly places, covered with a volcanic
sand, behind Villa de Mindello, in the island of St. Vincent, at Praia
de Gal£, sporadic and not at all plentiful ; fl. and fr. Jan. 186L
No. 1091.

This is possibly the low erect shrub, with thick almost cylindrical
leaves, plentiful on the sandy seashore of the island of St. Vincent,
without fl. or fr., mentioned by Welwitsch in Annaes Cons. Ultramar.
Lisb., No. 7, August 1854, p. 79. n. 1.

CI. AMAEANTHACE^E.

Gomphrena globosa L., the " Perpetuas " of the Portuguese, is
met with wild in all districts, both the variety with white flowers
and that with purple ones. See Welw, Apontam. p. 547. n. 74.

1. CELOSIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 24.

1. C. trigyna L. Mant. PI. alt. p. 212 (1771).

AMBRIZ. — In woodlands at Quibanga ; fl. andfr. Nov. 1853. No. 6557-

LOANDA. — By ponds near Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. middle of July 1854.
No. 6537- An annual herb, at first erect and nearly simple, soon
branched. By swamps near Quicuxe ; fl. and fr. 7 Feb. 1859. No. 6560.
Leaves in old age deep red ; flowering spikes small, silvery white.
By dried-up swamps near Quicuxe. plentiful ; fr. July 1854. COLL.
CARP. 869.

GOLTJNGO ALTO. — In poor fields near Cambondo ; fl. and fr.
No. 6562.

AMBACA. — A small specimen, 5 in. high. In an excursion towards
Puri-Cacarambola ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1856. No. 6571.

HUILLA.— In fields after crops of Sorghum and Mays, very plentiful,
among other Amarantbacese ; fl. and fr. end of May 1860. No. 6485.

2. C. cristata L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 205 (1753).
LOANDA.— In fl. No. 65126.

3. C. Scnweinfurthiana Schinz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxi. p. 178
(28 May 1895).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An annual or biennial herb, usually somewhat
woody at the base, ascending ; branches divaricate, variously twisted ;
perianth pentaphyllous,'whitish, somewhat closed or at the mouth only,
somewhat spreading during the flowering ; stamens 5, hypogynous, all
fertile ; filaments broader at the base and combined into a shallow

Celosia] ci. AMARANTHACEJS. 885

cup, then upwards gradually narrowed-acuminate, white ; anthers
cordate, attached at the middle of the back, 2-celled, longitudinally
dehiscing, introrse, of a fine violet colour ; ovary depressed-ovoid,
green, 1-celled ; ovules 6 or 7, each erect, with its own white funicle
from the centre of the base of the ovary, subreniform ; style 1, short,
soon terminating in 2 stigmas or in one 2-branched stigma ; the
young utricle ovoid-truncate, a little compressed-flattened on the sides,
greenish, surrounded by the perianth up to the middle, crowned at the
apex with the black branches of the stigma. In moist shady places at
the outskirts of the Querenge forests in the Queta mountains ; fl. Jan.
1856. No. 6551.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A branched herb of 2 to 4 ft., sometimes sub-
erect, sometimes decumbent upon low shrubs ; stems usually purplish ;
leaves alternate; flowers whitish; perianth-segments 5, equal; stamens 5,
connate at the base into a cup ; ovary spherical, 1-celled ; stigma bifid.
By moist thickets in the presidium, rather rare ; fl. beginning of Dec.
1856. No. 6569. At the outskirts of the forest in damp places ; fl.
March 1857. No. 6563.

4. C. argentea L., I.e., p. 205.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An erect or ascending herb ; stem branched, 2 to
3 feet high ; spikes dense, brilliantly whitish rosy. In moist sandy
places at the banks of the river Quango, not plentiful ; fl. Aug. 1855.
No. 6543.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — At Cazella : fr. Nov. 1856. Apparently this
widely distributed species. COLL. CARP. 1082.

5. C. laxa Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Vidensk. Selsk. iii. p. 161
(1828).

C. loandensis Baker in Kew Bull. 1897, p. 277.

LOANDA. — An annual herb, divaricately branched ; the stem and
patent branches purple ; spikelets of flowers whitish-shining. In
shrubby places from Nazareth to Penedo, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Dec.
1858. Nos. 6558, 65586, 65376.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A subscandent herb, with its spikes in old age
recalling those of Statice reticulata. At Quilanga ; fr. June 1856.
COLL. CARP. 873. In the primitive forest of Quilanga ; fl. and f r. Dec.
1855 and end of June 1856. No. 6578. A scandent herb, with
sarmentose branches. At the outskirts of the forest near Capopa in
Sobato de Bumba ; fl. and fr. Feb., April and June 1856. No. 6577-
A herb of 3 to 7 ft. ; stems weak, quasi-scandent on other plants ;
spikes compound, densely imbricate, whitish-shining. At the Capopa
spring near Canguerasange ; fr. Oct. 1854. COLL. CARP. 871. A
widely climbing herb ; spikes paniculate, very thick, obtuse, snow-
white. At the Capopa cataract ; fr. April 1856. COLL. CARP. 872.
Near Trombeta ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1857. No. 65786.

HUILLA.— At Mumpulla ; in fr. No. 6495.

I have not seen the type of this species ; the thickness of the spikes
varies greatly among the above Nos. ; those belonging to the type
of C. loandensis, No. 65376, are comparatively slender

6. C. nana Baker in Kew Bull. 1897, p. 277.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — At Lombe ; in fl. and fr. March 1857. Nos.
6566, 65666.

7. C. Welwitschii Schinz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxi. p. 179 (1895).
HUILLA. — Flowers white. In fields between Nene and Humpata ;

886 ci. AMAKANTHACE.E. [Cehsia

fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 ; also in maize fields at Lopollo ; fl. and fr. May
1860 No 6486 In fields near Erne in the Lopollo country ; fl. and
fr. end of March 1860. No. 6490.

8. C. argenteiformis Schinz in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. la,
p. 100 (1893).

Hermbstcedtia argenteiformis Schinz in Verb. Bot. Brandenb.
xxxi. p. 209 (14 Jan. 1890). Herrnstcedtia Welwitschii Baker in
Kew Bull 1897, p. 278 (Sept.).

MOSSAMEDES. — A slender, erect or decumbent-ascending, virgately
branched, annual herb, 1 to 3 ft. high ; flowers white or sometimes
whitish-rosy, in pyramidally arranged spikes. In sandy thickets
among low bushes close to the banks of the river Bero, plentifully ;
fl. and fr. July 1859 and June 1860. No. 6502.

9. C. staticodes Hiern, sp. n.

A herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, puberulous on the young parts, turning
dusky in the dry state ; leaves alternate, ovate, acuminate at the
subobtuse apex, subtruncate or nearly rounded at or near the
base, rather thin, slightly scabrid, repand-entire, 2 to 4 in. long
by ^ to 2^ in. broad ; petiole ^ to If in. long ; inflorescence like
that of Statice, paniculate, pyramidal, terminal, bracteolate and
somewhat bracteate or leafy especially below ; panicles about a
foot long ; bracteoles paleaceous, ovate, ^ to ^ in. long ; ultimate
pedicels very short or obsolete ; perianth-segments 5, white, rather
dryly paleaceous, about ^ in. long in flower, ^ in. long in fruit,
oval-oblong, spreading at the time of the flowering, inserted with
the stamens at the outside of the base of the perigynous disk ;
stamens 5, monadelphous, united at the base into a cup, free and
narrowly subulate above, shorter than the perianth ; anthers
oblong, 2-celled, attached at the middle of the back, dehiscing
longitudinally, introrse ; ovary stipitate, obovoid and subtruncate
in flower, ovoid-oblong in fruit, the stipe arising from the bottom
of the perianth and penetrating the disk through a central hole ;
style solitary, short, crowned with 2 spreading branches ; seeds 2,
minutely tuberculate, comparatively dull.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — At the bushy outskirts of the primitive forest in
Sobato de Mussengue on the left-hand side of the Ambaca road from
Sange, very rare ; fl. and fr. 16 Dec. 1855. No. 6572.

2. AMARANTHUS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI.
iii. p. 28 (Amarantus).

1. A. caudatus L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 990 (1753).

LOANDA. — An annual, erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, rarely branched ;
leaves turning purplish before the flowering, edible when cooked ;
flowers sometimes greenish, sometimes rosy-purple or nearly blood-red
purple. Cultivated and frequently wild on rubbish heaps ; fl. July
1854 ; in sandy sunny places about Maianga d'El Eei, quite wild and
apparently indigenous ; fl. July 1858 ; cultivated as a pot-herb in Dr.
Mendes Alfonso's garden ; fl. and fr. August 1858. Negro name
" Jimboa." No. 6512, partly.

CAZENGO. — In the hot parts of the primitive forest of Mata de

Amaranthus] ci. AMABANTHACE^:. 887

Cabonda, plentiful ; fl. and fr. middle of June 1855. Native name
" Jimboa." No. 6513.
GOLUNGO ALTO.— In fl. and fr. No. 65136.

2. A. spinosus L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 991 (1753) ; J. A. Schmidt,
Beitr. Fl. Cap Yerd. Ins. p. 176 (1852) ; Welw. in Ann. Cons.
Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (August 1854) p. 84. n. 90.

SIERRA LEONE. — In fl. beginning of Sept. 1853. A poor specimen
probably of this species, which, according to Welwitsch's note attached
to no. 6515, he saw plentifully near Freetown but of which he collected
only one specimen growing in kitchen gardens and afterwards suffering
from the dampness of the winter. No. 6514.

AMBRIZ. — On rubbish heaps near Banza d'Ambriz ; also behind
Quizembo ; fl. and fr. end of Nov. 1853. No. 6515.

PRINCE'S ISLAND. — Stem straight, reddish, mostly branched from
the base. In plots neglected after cultivation and in sunny places,
near the port of S. Antonio ; fr. Sept. 1853. COLL. CARP. 867.

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — Island of San Thiago. Cultivated at
Loanda in 1857. COLL. CARP. 868.

This is apparently the Amaranthus, amid masses of which Acuanvir-
gatum Medik. grew sporadically by the lake near Banza d'Ambriz ; see
ante p. 309.

3. A tricolor L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 989 (1753).

A. gangeticus L. Syst. Nat. edit. 10, ii. p. 1268 (1759).

LOANDA. — Cultivated in gardens, and according to Arsenio P. P. de
Carpo called " Papagaios " ; fl. and fr. No. 6516.

Welwitsch was informed by Senhor Pompeio Pampilhio that this
species occurs wild near Pungo Andongo. The name " papagaios " is
also used by the Portuguese colonists for Impatiens Bahamiiia L. ; see
ante p. 108. It was also found in Ambaca, near N-gombe, in plots
neglected after cultivation, where it was not plentiful, in Oct. 1856.
According to a ms. note of Welwitsch, this is one of the species which
are both wild and cultivated by the natives and which furnish the
edible vegetables called by the negroes " Jimboa." see Welw. Apontam.
p. 547 sub n. 74 (1859), and Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 242 (1884).

These vegetables are eaten in large quantities like beet sprouts by
the natives in the interior, for example in the district of Duque de
Bragan$a, where for weeks and even for months they eat scarcely
anything else.

4. A. grsecizans L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 990 (1753).

A. albus Thunb. Prodr. PL Cap. p. 45 (1794) ; non L. (1759).
A. Thunbergii Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 262 (1849).

PUNGO ANDONGO.— At Condo ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 6522.

MOSSAMEDES. — An annual herb, branched from the base ; branches
slender ; leaves variable, narrower or broader ; flowers greenish. In
gravelly places at Garganta do Rio Bero ; fl. and f r. end of June 1859.
In sandy places by the river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. In neglected
fields between Hortas and Boa Vista ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 6528.
An annual herb, erect or ascending ; stem slender, bright green,
branched from the base or from the middle ; branches elongated,
erect-patent. In damp sandy places at the mouth of the river Bero ;
fl. and fr. July 1859. A narrow-leaved variety. No. 6527.

HUILLA. — In fields after crops of Sorghum, plentiful ; fl. and fr.
beginning of May 1860. No. 6497.

Perhaps only a variety of A. Blitum L.

ggg ci. AMARANTHACE.S:. [Amaranthus

5. A. Blitum L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 990 (1753).

ICOLOE BENGO.— By the coast between the rivers Bengo and Dande;

f, 30 Dec. 1853. N,. 6534. An
annual, prostrate or suberect herb, with a purple stem and purplish
flowers. In seaside places at Praia da Zamba grande to the south-
west of Loanda, here and there ; fl. and fr. May 18o8. No. 6525.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— In kitchen-gardens and in hot uncultivated places
about Sange ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1855. No. 6521.

CAZENGO.— An annual herb ; stem strictly erect. In hot gravelly
places at the base of mount Muxaula, not common ; fl. and f r. June

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — Island of St. Vincent ; in fl. Aug. 1853.
Apparently this species. No. 6546 partly.
The rest of no. 6546 belongs to another plant ; it is without fl. or f r.

6. A. viridis L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, p. 1405 (1763).

Euxolus caudatus Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 274 (1849).

BARRA DO BENGO.— In thin palm groves near Quifandongo ; fl. and
fr. Dec. 1853. No. 6518.

LOANDA.— An annual, erect or decumbent-ascending herb, 1 to 2 ft.
high, eaten by the negroes. In open places about dwellings near
Maianga d'El Rei ; fl. and fr. August 1858. Negro name " Jinboa."
No. 6512, partly. A dull green, annual, erect herb, with spreading
branches at the top ; flowering spikes from greenish to purplish. In
sandy and gravelly places and by rubbish -heaps, everywhere and very
plentiful especially in the neighbourhood of dwellings shortly after
the December rains ; in the courtyard of Welwitsch's house in
Loanda ; fl. and fr. end of Dec. 1858 ; in damp herbaceous places, at
Imbondeira dos Lobos, and near Maianga do Povo ; fl. and fr. Feb.
1859. Eaten by the negroes together with other species of the genus,
and called by them " Jinboa." No. 6517-

GOLUNGO ALTO.— About Sange ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1854. No. 6519.
Edible ; fr. Feb. 1856. " Jimboa." COLL. CARP. 128.

MOSSAMEDES.— An annual, erect, branched herb, 1 to 3 ft. high.
In places neglected after cultivation and on gravel at the banks of the
river Bero, plentiful ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 6520.

This appears to be Amaranthus mentioned by Welwitsch in Ann.
Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (August 1854), p. 80. n. 19 as occurring at
the banks of the river Bengo near S. Antonio, Dec. 1853.

3. MARCELLIA Baill. in Bull. Hens. Soc. Linn. Paris, i.
p. 625 (1886); non Mart. (1844).

Sericocoma sect. Sericorema partly, Benth. & Hook. f. Geu. PI.
iii. p. 30.

1. M. mirabilis Baill., I.e.

Sericocoma Welmtschii Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f., I.e. ;
Schinz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxi. p. 182 (1895); non Baker.
M. Wdwitschii Lopriore in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxvii. p. 40, t. i.
fig. C (7 April 1899).

MOSSAMEDES.— An annual herb, branched from the base ; branches
ascending ; flowers greenish rosy blood-red. In sandy thickets at the
river Bero, sporadic and apparently very rare ; fl. and fr. July, Aug.,
and Sept. 1859. No. 6508. Leaves linear, deep green ; flower-spikes

p.

M

Marcellia] ci. AMARANTHACE.E. 889

elongated, brilliantly purple. In sandy places at the river Bero near
Cavalheiros ; fl. and f r. beginning of July 1859. COLL. CARP. 874.

2. M. denudata Lopriore, I.e., p. 41.

Sericocoma denudata Hook, f., I.e. ; Schinz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
xxi. p. 182 (1895).

MOSSAMEDES. — An erect, slender undershrub, 2£ to 4 ft. high ;
branches virgate ; flowers whitish. In gravelly maritime places near
Mossamedes, very plentiful but only in a few spots, in company with
Vogelia africaivi Lam. (cf . Welw. Coll. Carp. 95 : ante. p. 635) ; fl.
and fr. July and August 1859. No. 6503.

4. CYPHOCARPA Lopriore in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxvii. p. 42
(7 April 1899).

Sericocoma sect. Kyphocarpa, Fenzl in Linnsea xvii. p. 324
(1843) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 30.

1. C. angustifolia Lopriore, I.e., p. 45.

Cyathula angustifolia Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 328 (1849).
Sericocoma angustifolia Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
. 30. S. Chrysurus, var. angustifolia Moq. ex Hook, f., I.e. ; non

eisn. (1843).

HUILLA. — In thickets at the borders of fields in the Lopollo country,
rare ; fl. and fr. end of Jan. 1860. No. 6489.

The following has fruits like this species, but the description
of the stem, etc., does not agree : —

MOSSAMEDES. — A perennial, suffruticose, much-branched herb ; stem
etc. velvety-tomentose ; flowers spicate, white-greenish ; fruits
wrapped in close wool. Between Aguados and Cavalheiros ; fl. and
fr. July 1859. COLL. CARP. 875.

5. SEBICOCOMOPSIS Schinz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxi. p. 184
(28 May 1895).

Sericocoma Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 30, partly.

1. S. Welwitschii Lopriore in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxvii. p. 42,
t. 1, fig. E (7 April 1899).

Sericocoma Welwitschii Baker in Kew Bull. 1897, p. 278 (Sept.) ;
non Hook. f.

MOSSAMEDES. — An erect, annual herb, 1 to 2 ft. high ; flowers some-
what rigid, white-glumaceous. In sandy places at the river Bero,
rather rare ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 6501.

6. CENTEMA Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 31.

1. C. angolensis Hook, f., I.e.

LOANDA.— At Alto das Cruzes ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1858. No. 6538.

2. C. biflora Schinz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxi. p. 183 (28 May
1895), and in Engl. Pfl. Ost Afr., C., p. 172 (19 July 1895).

Psilotrichum rubellum Baker in Kew Bull. 1897, p. 279.

HUILLA. — Flowers blood-red. In wooded mountainous places in
Morro de Lopollo ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 6509. An annual,
erect, branched, slender herb, with linear leaves and cylindrical blood-
red purple spikes of flowers. In Morro de Lopollo ; fl. and f r. April

890 ci. AMARANTHACE^L [Centema

and May 1860. COLL. CARP. 876. A perennial?, erect, branched
herb, 2 ft. high ; leaves narrow ; spikes blood-red purple. At Mum-
pulla ; fl. and fr. June 1860. COLL. CARP. 105.

3. C. gracilenta Hiern, sp. n.

An annual, erect, branched herb, about 2 to 3 ft. high or more,
glabrous in most parts ; stem purplish at the base, from the
middle to the apex herbaceous-green and angular-furrowed ;
branches slender ; nodes marked with a transverse somewhat
hairy line between the leaves; leaves opposite with fasciculate
mostly smaller leaves in their axils, narrowly spathulate-linear,
pointed at the apex, attenuate to the sessile base, entire, 1^ to 2
in. long by ^ to ^ in. broad ; lateral margins more or less
revolute; midrib broad; flowers spicate, yellow-greenish, ^ in.
long ; bracts 3, of which two adhere to the perianth even in the
dry state and the third often remains on the axis of the spike, all
ovate thin and reaching about halfway up the flower, the third
larger than the others and somewhat woolly ; spikes terminal,
slender, dense, 2 to 2£ in. long ; perianth hard, the segments 5,
oval-oblong, longitudinally nerved, T\r in. long, obtuse, paleaceous,
united and rather thickly cartilaginous at the base, glabrous or
nearly so ; filaments 5, subulate, weak, united below into a shallow
membranous cup, glabrous ; staminodes 0 ; anthers small ; an-
dro2cium about equalling the perianth ; pistil TJy in. long, nearly
but not quite glabrous ; ovary ovoid, unilocular, 7,^ in. long ; ovule
solitary ; style short, unbranched ; fruit ^ "in. long, nearly
glabrous, ovoid-conical ; seed solitary, comparatively large ; embryo
large, annular.

HUILLA.— In sandy wooded places on the Humpata plateau ; fl. and
fr. 21 March 1860. No. 6511.

7. DESMOCHJETADC.Cat.Hort.Monspel.p.l01(1813),;>ar%.

Cyathula Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (xi.) p. 548 (1825);
Benth. <fe Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 31 ; non Lour. (1790). Pupalia
Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. PI. Brasil. ii. p. 60. tt. 156, 158 (1826) ;
non Juss. (1803).

The type of Loureiro's plant is in the National Herbarium ; it
belongs to Achyranthes ; the species is A. aspera L.

1. D. prostrate DC., I.e., p. 102.

Achyranthes prostrate L. Sp. PI. edit. 2, p. 296 (1762). D.
micrantha DC., I.e. Cyathitla prostrata Blume, I.e., p. 549 ; Moq
in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 326 (1849), excl. syn. Loureir.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A very slender, ascending herblet, with greenish
flowers and fruits. In Mata de Quisuculo between Sobato Bango and
Quilombo, rather rare ; fl. and fr. April 1856. No. 6550. In shady
forests by streams at Quilombo ; fl. and fr. June 1856 No 6579

P*' ISLAND.— In the coast region ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853.

2. D. uncinulata.

Achyranthes uncimilata Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1833, p. 1.
Cyathula globulifera Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 329 (1849).

Desmochceta} ci. AMARANTHACE^E. 891

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An extensively but not high climbing herb or a
widely climbing undershrub of 3 to 6 ft., apparently rather rarely
flowering ; stems divaricately intertwined with other shrubs ; flowers
whitish, clustered in long or ellipsoidal pale whitish straw-coloured
heads. In the wooded thickets of the prsesidium, plentiful, in Mata de
Cambondo, fl. and fr. Dec. 1856 ; by thickets in the small primitive
forest of Cabondo, rather rare, fl. and fr. April 1857 ; also in Mata de
Pungo by streams, fl. and fr. beginning of June 1857. No. 6564.

3. D. distorta Hiern, sp. n.

An undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, bent and twisted in various
directions ; branches rigid, smooth, glabrate, subterete, drab ;
branchlets hispid-pubescent with pallid ascending hairs ; leaves
opposite and often quasi -fasciculate with abbreviated leafy shoots
in their axils, broadly ovate or oval, obtuse or subcuspidate at the
apex, obtuse or slightly wedge-shaped at the base, more or less
clothed on both faces with sub-adpressed slender hairs arising
from a thicker base, entire or nearly so, firmly herbaceous,
yellowish green in the dry state, £ to 1J in. long by i to § in. broad ;
petiole i to i in. long, hispid-pubescent; inflorescence capitate,
subsessile, ovoid-conical, f to f in. long by \ to f in. in diameter
near the base, terminating the branchlets and lateral shoots ;
partial inflorescence 2-flowered, bracteolate ; bracteoles broadly
ovate, concave, boat-shaped, scarious except the hairy keels of the
outer ones, minutely ciliolate-fringed, i to £ in. long ; perianth-
leaves 5, lanceolate-oblong, concave, feebly ribbed, i to £ in. long,
pilose at the back above, rather dusky towards the base ; stamens
5 ; filaments slender, united at the base in a very short tube or
cup, longer than the short quadrate or oblong alternating stami-
nodes ; style slender, glabrous, exceeding the stamens.

HUILLA. — In wooded thickets at Lopollo ; fl. and fr. beginning of
Feb. 1860. No. 6487.

8. PUPAL Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 268 (1763), excl. syn. Rheed.
Hort. Malab. vii. t. 43.

Pupalia Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. ii. p. 132 (1803), excl. syn.
Rheed. H. M. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 31, excl. syn.
Syama ; non Mart. (1826). Desmochceta DC. Cat. Hort. Monspel.
p. 101 (1813), partly.

The plant of Rheede, I.e., which is Syama Jones in Asiat. Res.
iv. p. 261 (1795), by mistake printed Lyama and inaccurately
quoted in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iii. p. 669 (1882), is (excluding
the fruit) Ichnocarpus frutescens R. Br.

1. P. lappacea Juss., I.e., (Pupalia), excl. syn. Rheed. Hort.
Malab. vii. t. 43.

Achyranthes lappacea L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 204 (1753). Desmo-
chceta flavescens DC., I.e., p. 102.

AMBRIZ.— In fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 6529J.

BARRA DO BENGO. — An erect herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, with erect-patent
branches, flowering from February to June ; the lateral branches

892 CI. AMARANTHACE*. [Pupal

flowering and the primary stem fruiting. In low dense thickets
between Quifandango and Barra do Bengo ; fl. and fr. May 1854.
(Also in the district of Loanda.) No. 6529.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A grey-green, erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with
quite patent somewhat rigid branches and from whitish to greenish
flower-spikes. In the wooded parts of the primitive forest of Quibanga ;
fl. and fr. April 1856. No. 6552.

MOSSAMEDES. — An erect, annual herb. In sandy thickets at the
river Bero ; only one specimen collected, 8 in. high ; in fr. July 1859.
Perhaps this species. No. 6500.

2. P. huillensis Hiern, sp. n.

A rigid, divaricately branched herb, 2 ft. high or more ;
branches opposite, subterete, glabrescent ; branchlets tetragonal,
furrowed ; leaves opposite, oval or broadly ovate, rounded or shortly
narrowed at the apex, obtuse or somewhat wedge-shaped at the
base, herbaceous, more or less clothed with adpressed scattered
hairs on both faces, rather paler beneath, shortly ciliate on the
entire subrepand or slightly crenulate-undulate margins, £ to 2
in. long by | to If in. broad ; petiole £ to £ in. long ; inflorescence
dense, capitate, subglobose or ovoid-oblong, § to If in. long, £ to
f in. in diameter, pedunculate, terminal and in the uppermost
axils ; the terminal common peduncles ranging up to 2 in. long,
the axillary ones very short ; flowers polygamous or monoecious,
clustered, 2 or 3 or several together, pentamerous, sessile or sub-
sessile, i to f in. long, some abortive ; bracteoles oval, terminating
in a long subulate apiculus, hooked at the tip, concave, boat-
shaped, hyaline, equalling or exceeding the flowers; perianth-
segments 5, oval-oblong, £ to \ in. long, paleaceous or scarious,
some or all apiculate ; stamens 5 ; filaments slender, united in
a short cup below ; anthers about as long as the free portion of
the filaments ; staminodes 0 ; style long, slender, longer than the
stamens, shorter than the perianth ; ovary glabrous ; ovule
solitary, pendulous.

HUILLA. — Among tall bushes, near Lopollo, towards the Monino
sporadic ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 6493.

9. NOTHOSJERVA Wight; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 34.
(Nothoscerua).

1. N. brachiata Wight, Ic. vi. p. 1 (1853).

Achyranthes brachiata L. Mant. PI. p. 50 (1767). lUecebrum
brachiatum L. Mant. PI. alt. p. 213 (1771). Aerva brachiata
Mart, in Acad. Caes. Leop. Nova Acta xiii. p. 291 (1826).
Pseudcmthus brachiatus Wight, Ic. v. 2, p. 3 (1852), vi. t. 1776 bis
B (1853).

BARRA DO BENGO and LOANDA.— An annual herblet, erect or
ascending with usually purplish stems and silvery white flower-spikes.
In moist laces at t

y purps sems an svery wte flower-spikes.
In moist places at the banks of the river Bengo near Santo Antonio ;
H. and fr Dec. 1853 ; at Represa do Senhor Manuel Pereira van
Hunnen, fl. and fr. beginning of July 1854 and in Aug. ; by dried-up
ponds between Quicuxe and Mutollo, fl. and fr. July 1854 ; at Imbon-
deiro dos Lobos, fl. and fr. Feb. 1858. No. 6534. '

Oltret] CI. AMARANTHACE^E. 893

10. OURET Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 268 (1763).

jflrva Forsk. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 34 (JSrua).
Uretia 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL ii. p. 544 (1891).

1. 0. persica 0. Kuntze, I.e. (Uretia), partly.

jErva tomentosa Forsk. Fl. -^Egypt.-Arab. pp. cxxii. 170 (1775).
Iresine javanica Burm. Fl. Ind. p. 212 (312), t. 65. fig. 2 (1768).
I. persica Burm., I.e., p. 212 (312), t. 65. fig. 1. JE. (egyptiaca-
Gmelin, Syst. Nat. ii. p. 1026 (1791). ^E. javanica Juss. in Ann.
Mus. Paris, xi. p. 131 (1808); J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd.
Ins. p. 175 (1852). Achyranthes tomentosa Chr. Sm. in Tuckey,
Congo, p. 249 (1818).

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — In neglected fields, very plentiful, in
company with " Bombardeira " (Calotrnpis procera Ait., Welw. herb,
no. 4180 and Coll. Carp. n. 21 ; ante p. 687), near Villa da Praia in the
island of St. Jago ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. No. 6545. A herb, appa-
rently annual ; stems branched, ascending, 1 to 3 ft. high and more ;
flower-spikes paniculate, silvery-woolly. In the islands of St. Jago
and St. Vincent ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. COLL. CARP. 122.

2. 0. scandens.

jErva scandens Wall. List, p. 231, n. 6911 (1832?); Moq. in
DC. Prodr. xiii., 2, p. 302 (1849). Achyranthes scandens Roxb. Fl.
Ind., edit. Carey, ii. p. 503 (1824). Uretia sanguinolenta 0. Kuntze,
I.e., partly.

BUMBO. — At the margins of fields of Saccharum, plentiful ; fl. and
fr. Oct. 1859. No. 6496.

3. 0. lanata.

Achyranthes lanata L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 204 (1753). ^Erua
lanata Juss., I.e. Uretia persica O. Kuntze, I.e., partly.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A herb, 1 to 4 ft. high, sometimes strictly erect,
in other cases climbing among bushes with its almost tomentose stem ;
flower-spikes snow-white, shining. In damp shady places by thickets
and in rocky places at the river Cuango near Cacarambola and Cacuzo ;
fl. and fr. Jan. 1855. No. 6575. In fl. and fr. 25 Sept. 1854. COLL.
CARP. 870.

HTJILLA. — In plantations of maize near Erne ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 ;
in places flooded in the- summer (elevations in the forest) ; fl. and fr
Feb. 1860. No. 6494.

11. ACHYRANTHES L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 35.
Cyathula Lour. Fl. Cochinch. p. 101 (1790); nee Blume (1825);

nee Benth. & Hook. f.

1. A. aspera L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 204 (1753).

A. argentea Lam. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 545 (1783). Cyatula
geniculata Lour. I.e., p. 102.

LOANDA. — By fences and thickets throughout the district, plentiful ;
in bushy places near Forte de Penedo, not far from the ocean; fl, and
fr. end of April 1854. Nos. 6530, 6530&.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An annual and biennial herb ; adult stems mostly
prostrate, with ascending branches and lateral flowering branchlets
quite patent. By thickets near Sange, plentiful ; fl. and fr. June 1856.

894 ci. AMAEANTHACE^. \Achyranthes

A variety with purple anthers and the cup of the monadelphous
filaments deep rosy. No. 6548. An annual or biennial, prostrate or
erect herb, paler throughout than the last No. By thickets behind
the village of Sange, plentiful ; fl. and fr. June 1856. A variety with
the cup of filaments white. No. 6547. An erect herb, 2 to 3 ft. high,
with whitish flowers. In grassy secondary thickets near Bango ; fl.
and fr. May 1856. No. 6576- In wooded thickets near Catumba ; fr.
July 1856. An old plant. No. 6574. About Bumba ; fl. and fr. No.
6573. In fl. and fr. No. 65526.

MOSSAMEDES.— An annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, with numerous stems
from the base, patently branched ; flower-spikes whitish rosy. In
bushy places by the banks of the river Bero, at Fazenda do Senhor
Viana ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1859. No. 6499.

HUILLA.— At Lopollo ; fl. end of March 1860. No. 6510. In the
Monino wooded thickets, sparingly ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. Boot thin,
elongated, fibrous, annual. No. 6492.

This plant is perhaps the herbaceous Amaranthacea, with sordid-
white spicate flowers, referred to by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar.
No. 7, Aug. 1854, p. 83. n. 82, as occurring in thickets near Loanda in
Jan. 1854.

2. A. bidentata Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (xi.)p.545 (1825).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An erect herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, with erect-spreading
branches ; flower-spikes greenish, dusky-purple towards the apex,
shining. In the primitive forests of the Quota mountains, above
N-delle, rather rare ; fl. and fr. May 1856. No. 6544.

Perhaps only a variety of the previous species.

12. PANDIAKA Benth. <fe Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 35.
Achyranthes, sect. Pandiaka, Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p 310

(1849).

1. P. Heudelotii Jacks. Ind. Kew. ii. p. 409 (1894).
Achyranthes Heudelotii Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 310 (1849).
PUNGO ANDONGO.— In Pedras de Guinga ; fl. and fr. No. 6565

At Candumba on the river Quanza ; fl. and fr. Nos. 6568, 65686.

A. angustifolia Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 492 (1849) is, perhaps,
not distinct.

2. P. debilis.

Psilotrichum debile Baker in Kew Bull. 1897, p. 279 (Sept.).
PUNGO ANDONGO.— In Pedras de Guinga : fl. and fr No 6570

3. P. Welwitschii.

Achyranthea Welwitschii Schinz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxi. p. 187
(1895).

HUILLA.— At Lopollo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 6488.
The following No. is, probably, a monstrous state of this

HUILLA.— A perennial herb ; stems crowded, oblique or erect ;
leaves bright green above, paler beneath ; flower-spikes whitish. In
moist thickets near Humpata ; in imperfect fl. Aprif 1860. No. 6491.

4. P. ramulosa Hiern, sp. n.

Rootstock woody, polycephalous ; branches pubescent pallid
slender, herbaceous; branchlets numerous, rather erect than

CI. AMARANTHACE^B. 895

patent ; leaves opposite, oval-oblong, cuspidate at the apex, some-
what wedge-shaped at the subsessile base, 1 to 1£ in. long by
^ to ^ in. broad, sparingly pubescent, firmly herbaceous, pale
yellowish green, ciliolate on the entire or subrepand margin ;
inflorescence ovoid-globose, |- to § in. long by ^ to ^ in. in diameter,
shortly stalked, terminating the branchlets and in the upper
axils, whitish ; flowers sessile or subsessile, i in. long, each based
with three erect imbricate ovate-cymbiform subulate-acuminate
subscarious ciliate bracteoles ^ to ^ in. long, not reflected ;
perianth-segments 5, lanceolate-oblong, concave, thickly palea-
ceous, scarious on the margins, ribbed on the back below but not
strongly so, pubescent on the back above, glabrous inside, obtuse
or apiculate at the apex, somewhat obtusely narrowed at the base,
imbricate, £ to ^ in. long, the outer ones rather longer than the
inner ones ; stamens 5 ; filaments slender, ^ in. long, united in
a short tube at the base, anthers oblong, 2-celled, ¥XT in. long ;
staminodes 5, oblong, -^ in. long, -^ in. broad, truncate-crenulate
at the apex, alternating with the filaments and arising from the
same short tube ; pistil ^ in. long, glabrous ; style —^ in. long,
rather thickening upward ; ovule solitary, pendulous.

HUILLA. — In rough places near Mtimpulla ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859.
No. 6498.

5. P. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, divaricately branched, pubescent, annual herb, 1 ft.
high or more ; branches .opposite ; branchlets hirsute with long
pallid spreading hairs ; leaves elliptical or obovate, subacute at
the apex, wedge-shaped to or near the sessile base, thinly herba-
ceous, somewhat strigose-silky, green above, rather paler and
minutely punctulate beneath, opposite, entire, 1|- to 2^ in. long
by i to 1 in. broad ; flower-spikes (rather young) terminal, shortly
stalked, more than 1 in. long by f in. in diameter, bracteate, dense,
ovoid-conical ; flowers not reflected ; bracts ovate-lanceolate,
acute, bristle-pointed, mostly glabrous, paleaceous, £ in. long;
perianth-segments 5, lanceolate, acute, bristle pointed, light green
hairy and nerved at the back, pallid glabrous and smooth inside,
thickly glumaceous, |- to ^ in. long ; stamens 5 ; filaments slender,
glabrous, i in. long, united at the base into a very short thin
cup ; anthers -^ in. long ; staminodes 5, alternating with the
filaments, short, ovate-deltoid, acute, thin; pistil £ in. long,
glabrous ; style ^ in. long, slender, undivided ; stigma capitate,
small ; ovule solitary, pendulous.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In young fl. Dec. 1856. No. 6567-

13. ALTERNANTHERA Forsk. ; Benth. & Hook, f. Gen. PI.
iii. p. 38.

Telanthera K. Br. ; Benth. & Hook, f., I.e. Bucholzia Mart.
Nov. Gen. ii. p. 49. tt. 147-51 (1826) ; non Stadtm. (1796).

1. A. maritima St. Hil. Voy. Bres. ii. p. 437 (1833) ; non D.
Dietr. (1839).

896 ci. AMARANTHACEJ3. [A Itemanthera

Bucholzia maritima Mart., I.e., p. 50, t. 147. Telanthera
maritima Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 364 (1849).

AMBRIZ.— In fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 6553.

LOANDA and BARRA DO DANDE. — In sandy maritime places from
Praia de Penedo as far as Ambriz ; at Praia de San Thiago, fl. and fr.
Sept 1858 No 6559. On the sea coast of the island of Cazanga ;
fl. and fr. Oct. 1858. No. 6535.

2. A. achyranthoides Forsk. Fl. ^Egypt-Arab, pp. lix. 28 (1775).

Gomphrena sessilis L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 225 (1753). Illecebrum

sessile L., I.e., edit. 2, p. 300 (1762). A. repens W. Wood in Rees,

Cyclop, i. (1802). A. sessilis Roem. & Schultes, Syst. Veg. v.

p. 554 (1819).

LIBONGO. — An annual, prostrate herb ; stems usually rooting at the
nodes, but little succulent ; leaves lanceolate- or obovate-elliptical,
membranous, green ; flowers white. At the sandy banks of the
river Lifune, near Banza de Libongo ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 6555.

BARRA DO DANDE. — A herb ; rootstock polycepbalous ; stems prostrate-
ascending, purple, somewhat fistulose, sparingly branched ; flowers
whitish. In swampy places about lakes on the right bank of the river
Dande near Bombo, sparingly ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 6533.

ICOLO E BENGO.— In damp places at the river Bengo, near
Quifandango ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853. No. 6531. A diffuse herb ;
branches ascending, occasionally rooting at the nodes ; flowers snow-
white. At the marshy edges of Lagoa de Foto, rather rare ; fl. and fr.
Sept. 1857. No. 6532.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Flower-heads snow-white. Close to the banks of
the river Quiapoze and by nearly dried-up ponds. No. 6549. On
maize lands near Quibixe ; fl. and fr. June 185G. No. 6561.

MOSSAMEDES. — In damp sandy places at the banks of the river Caroca
near Cabo Negro ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1859. No. 6505. In damp places at
the river Maiombo near Pomangala ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 6504.

PRINCE'S ISLAND.— In the coast region ; fl. and fr. middle of Sept.
1853. No. 6539- A dwarf plant, sometimes rooting at the lower
nodes ; perhaps this species ; rather like A. naiia R. Br., but less
pubescent ; fr. Sept. 1853. No. 6542.

The type of Forskal's species is in the National Herbarium.

3. A. echinata Sm. in Rees, Cyclop, suppl., n. 10 (Dec. 1818).
Achyranthes repens L. Sp. PL, edit 1, p. 205 (1753). Illecebrum
Achyrantha L., I.e., edit. 2, p. 299 (1762). Alternanthera
Achyrantha Roem. & Schultes, Syst. Veg. v. p. 557 (Sept. 1819).
Alternanthera sp., Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 242 (1884).

LOANDA.— A prostrate herb, annual and also biennial ; the stems
branches and leaves lying flat on the ground ; fruit prickly ; prickles
very sharp, rigid, penetrating, very unfortunately so for those who
walk about with bare feet. In open sunny and rather dry places
everywhere, especially plentiful in streets and public squares ; in the
courtyard of the governor's palace at Loanda ; fl. and fr. May 1854
and Dec. 1857. No. 6536. At Maianga do Rei ; fl. and fr. July 1854.
Negro name, " Madeat n-gombe." No. 6536/v.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— In rather dry, swampy places near Camilumro ; fl.
and fr. Oct. 1855. No. 6556.

PRINCE'S ISLAND.— In the coast region ; fl. and fr. middle of Sept.
1853. No. 6541.

Philoxerus] ci. AMARANTHACE^:. 897

14. PHILOXERTTS K. Br. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 40.

1. P. vermiculatus Sm. in Rees, Cyclop, xxvii. n. 3 (1814).

Gomphrena vermicularis L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 224 (1753).
Illecebrum vermiculatum L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, p. 300 (1762). G.
aggregate Willd. Enum. PI. p. 294 (1809). P. aggregates H. B.
& K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. PI. ii. p. 203 (1817). P. vermicularis
Pal. Beauv. Fl. Ow. ii. p. 65. t. 98 (1818). Iresine vermicularis
Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 340 (1849). /. aggregata Moq., I.e.

LOAN DA.— In fl. and fr. Nos. 653S&, 6554. There is no note with
the former No. ; that found with the latter cannot belong to this
species but perhaps to No. 5567 or 5568 partly (Ocimum americanum

MOSSAMEDES. — In maritime places by rocks near Praia da Amelia ;
fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 6507. In moist sandy places close to the
river Bero then quite dry ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1859. No. 6506. In moist
sandy places close to the river Caroca, by Cabo Negro ; fl. and fr. Sept.
1859. No. 6506ft.

GIL CHENOPODIACE.E.

This Order is not found to be numerous in Angola ; just as the
Cruciferse are represented or replaced in tropical regions by the
Capparidese, so are the Chenopodiaceae by the Amaranthacese.
Chenopodium graveolens, however, occurs in the interior on the
plateau between Pungo Andongo and Condo and on the sandy
forest slopes towards the Cuanza river, and sometimes in such
masses that they exercise a wonderful influence on the appearance
of those sandy steppes and are visible from a considerable distance
on account of the blood-red colouring of their stems and leaves
as well as their flowers. Not less plentifully does Arihrocnemum
macrostachyum occur at the tidal mouths of some rivers between
Ambriz and Rio On9o ; its colour is typically herbaceous-green,
but when the salt water begins to dry and evaporate it sometimes
turns violet or peach-red, and covering as it does the surrounding
lowlands it then affords a striking and lovely prospect from the
neighbouring high ground, along which the road through the
Mossul country runs ; it stains everything violet.

Basella, alba L., an herbaceous climber with fleshy leaves, is
cultivated, though rarely, in some gardens, in Loanda and Golungo
Alto, under the name of " Batavia." Not less frequent is the
cultivation of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). See Welw. Apontam.
p. 547. n. 73.

1. CHENOPODIUM Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI.
iii. p. 51.

1. C. opulifolium Schrad. ex DC. Fl. Fr. v. p. 372 (1815).

Var. betulifolium Murr in Deutsche Bot. Monatsschrift, xii.
p. 65 (1894) ; & Herb. Norm. edit. Dorfler, n. 3222 (1895).

PUNGO ANDONGO.— By roadsides in the presidium, in company with
C. ambrosioides L. (Welw. no. 6315) and Urticaceae, rather rare ;
without fl. or fr. Feb. 1857. No. 6324.

58

898 en. CHENOPODIACE^E. [Chenopodium

MOSSAMEDES.— An annual or biennial herb, 5 to 6 ft. high, virgately
branched from the base ; the leaves, especially the fresh ones, glau-
cescent-green. In fields, neglected after cultivation, about the mouth
of the river Giraul, probably introduced ; fl. and fr. July 1859.
No. 6323-

The following No., which is without flowers or fruits, has larger
leaves with obtuse teeth or small lobes ; it possibly belongs to this
species : —

MOSSAMEDES.— In sandy seaside places between Cabo Negro and
Mossamedes at Cazimba, seen nowhere else in Benguella : Sept. 1859.
No. 6326.

2. C. morale L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 219 (1753) ; J. A. Schmidt,
Beitr. Fl. Cap Verd. p. 172 (1852).

AMBRIZ.— At Mubango ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 6312.

LOANDA. — The whole plant, especially when rubbed, emits the un-
pleasant smell of some species of this genus ; leaves somewhat fleshy,
brittle, very mealy especially beneath ; stem mostly ascending, obtusely
angular, shining, longitudinally marked with red vittae, 2 ft. or some-
times 6 ft. high or more ; flowering branches brittle ; seeds nearly
smooth, somewhat glossy. By field hedges and on rubbish heaps
about the city, never plentiful; fl. and fr. July 1854 and 1858.
No. 6309. In vegetable gardens near Santo Antonio at the river
Bengo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 6310.

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — On rocks near Villa da Praia, in the
island of St. Thiago ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1861. No. 6311.

3. C. ambrosioides L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 219 (1753); Welw.
Apontam. p. 547. sub. n. 73(1859); Ficalho,Pl. Uteis, p. 243(1884).

LOANDA and BARRA DE DANDE. — Among rubbish in cultivated
places and in neglected plots after cultivation, also in damp grassy
spots, everywhere, on the right banks of the rivers Lifune and Dande ;
at Bombo on calcareous hills ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 6314.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In fl. No. 63156.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In fl. No. 6315.

MOSSAMEDES. — In moist sandy places near the rivers Bero and
Giraul, plentiful ; fl. July and Aug. 1859. No. 6313.

PRINCE'S ISLAND.— In the coast region at Santo Antonio ; fl. Sept.
1853. No. 6316.

This is the " Herva formigueira " and the " Herva de Santa Maria "
of the Portuguese colonists ; it is used by the natives as a tonic remedy
in the curative treatment of dysentery and of the dysenteric disease
called " macula " or " maculo." It is commonly biennial or triennial
according to Welwitsch, though it is often described as annual ; see
Monteiro, Angola, ii. pp. 250 to 252 (1875).

4. C. graveolens Lag. & Rodr. in Anal. Cienc. Nat. v. No. 13,
p. 70 (1802) ; non Willd. (1809).

C.fcetidum Schrad. in Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berl. Mag. ii. p. 79
(1808); non Lam. (1805).

PUNGO ANDONGO— An annual, erect herb, 2 to 2J- ft. high, the whole
plant in the living state very pleasantly purplish and very fragrant,
conspicuous from afar as it grows in the quite white sand ; flowers

nnish purple. In sandy wooded places between Luxillo and Cazella ;
ad fr. Jan. 1857. No. 6318. In sandy places at the river Cuanza,
near Quisonde, collected in flight ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 6319.

Chenopodium] cu. CHENOPODIACE^E. 899

HUILLA. — In places neglected after cultivation, about Lopollo,
plentiful, in company with Monsonia Uflora DC. (Welw. herb. no. 1606 ;
ante, p. 108) ; fl. and fr. Jan. and Feb. 1860. No. 6317.

2. BETA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 52.
1. B. vulgaris L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 222 (1753).

B. maritima L. Sp. PL, edit. 2, p. 322 (1762). B. procttmbens
Sm. in Hornem. Hort. Hafn. Suppl. p. 31 (1819) ; J. A. Schmidt,
Beitr. FL Cap Verd. p. 171 (1852).

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS. — In sandy places in the island of St.
Vincent ; fr. Jan. 1861. No. 6325.

3. ATRIPLEX Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 53,.
1. A. paludosa R Br. Prodr. p. 406 (1810).

MOSSAMEDES. — A much branched undershrub or almost a shrub,
5 to 8 ft. high ; branches patent, elongated, subscandent ; leaves some-
what fleshy, whitish-lepidote. In bushy brackish places about Caroca,
about 13 miles distant from the ocean, plentiful, somewhat climbing
among Tamarix orientalis Forsk. (Welw. herb. no. 1086 ; ante, p. 55)
and Gymnosporia (cf. G. senegalensis Loesen. ; Welw. herb. nos. 1267
and 1362 ; ante, p. 145) ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1859. No. 6327.

Our plant is dioecious, and agrees fairly well with the type specimens
of Brown's species in the National Herbarium.

4. ARTHROCNEMUM Moq. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 65.

1. A. macrostacb.yu.in Moris & Delporte in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser.
4, ii. p. 377 (1854).

Salicornia glauca Delile, Fl. Egypt Illustr. p. 49 (1812).
8. macrostachya Moric. FL Vinet. p. 2 (1820); Guss. Fl. Sic. p.
13. t. 4 (1829). A. fruticosum, y. macrostachyum, & glaucum,
Moq. Chenopod. Mon. Enum. p. 112 (1840). A. glaucum Ung.-
Sternb. in Atti Congr. Bot. Firenze, p. 283 (1876).

AMBRIZ.— At the river On9o (? 16 Nov. 1853), without fl. or fr.
Doubtfully referred to this species. No. 6330.

LOANDA, ETC. — A decumbent undershrub, remarkably gregarious,
partly constituting broad round tracts of the shore 6 to 20 fathoms in
diameter, intermixed with Halimum (cf . Welw. herb. an. 2382-2390) ;
stems prostrate, woody, scarcely jointed but nodulose ; branches and
branchlets opposite, erect; joints cylindrical, mostly^ in. long, glaucous,
blood-red at the base and apex, blunt, emarginate ; spikes central on
the branchlets, an inch long, torulose, scarcely thicker than -^ in.,
with joints T^ in. long, in old age dryly spongy ; seeds ellipsoidal,
irregularly trigonous, scarcely ^ in. long, shortly beaked, chestnut-
brown, smooth. The seeds agree with this genus in respect of the
embryo. In sandy maritime places at the mouth of the river Sanca
(Mossul), and at Praia da Zamba grande to the south-west of Loanda,
plentiful ; fl. and fr. end of Nov. 1853. No. 6331.

This is probably the plant referred to as A. indicumby Welwitsch in
Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May 1856), p. 253. n.24 ; he states
that it abounds in soda.

MOSSAMEDES. — A perennial, fleshy, green- purplish, densely csespitose .
herb, the clumps hemispherical and 2 to 3 ft. in diameter. In gravelly
places near Boca de Giraul, very plentiful, in company with Cressa
cretica L. (ante, p. 724) ; fl. July 1859. No. 6328.

9QO cu. CHENOPODIACE^E. [A rtkrocnemum

The following No., which in the dry state is grey-green with
its branches narrowly winged, and on which I do not find any
flowers in the British Museum specimen, is probably a species of
this genus, possibly an annual form of A. indicum Moq., or a
Salicomia.

MOSSAMEDES.— An annual, prostrate, ascending, subglaucescent
watery-fleshy herb, turning red in old age.- In salt places near
Caroca, Cabo Negro, in company with Tamarix orientalis Forsk.,
Heliotropium supinum L., and Heleochloa schcenoides Host. ; Sept.
1852. No. 6329.

5. LERCHIA Hall, in Comment. Getting, i. p. 224 (1752), <fe
Eniim. PI. Getting., edit. 2, p. 21 (1753), & ex Zinn, Cat. PI.
Gotting. p. 30 (1757); non Reichenb. (1828).

Dondia Adans. Fam. PI. ii. pp. 261, 550 (1763); non Spreng.
(1813). Lerchea Ruling, Ord. Nat. PI. p. 47 (1774); non L.
(1771). Swedn Forsk. Fl. ^Egypt. Arab. p. 69. t. 18, B. (1775);
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 66.

1. L. obtusifolia Steud. Nomencl. Bot. edit. 1, pp. 187, 474
(1821) (Lerchea).

Chenopodium fruticosum L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 221 (1753).
Salsola fruticosa L., I.e., edit. 2, p. 324 (1762). Suatda fruticosa
Forsk., I.e., pp. cix. 70. L. maritima, y. fruticosa O. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. PI. ii. p. 549 (1891) (Lerchea}. Lerchea fruticosa B.D. Jacks.
Ind. Kew. ii. p. 66 (1894). Dondia fruticosa Druce in Ann. Scott.
Nat. Hist. 1896, p. 42.

BENGUELLA. — A much-branched shrub, as tall as a man, with
numerous stems. In gravelly seaside places near the city of Benguella,
plentiful ; June 1859, not then in good fl. No. 6322.

MOSSAMEDES.— A shrub, 4 to 6 ft, high ; stems numerous, branched
from the base ; branches and brancblets numerous, mostly purplish ;
leaves succulent, glaucescent. In gravelly thickets, close to the banks
of the river Bero, very plentiful ; inside the mouth of the river ; fl.
July 1859. No. 6321. On the Cazados sands, near Mossamedes,
common. A young branch, without fl. or fr., apparently belonging
to this species ; beginning of August 1859. No. 6321^-

6. 8ALSOLA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 71.
1. 8. aphylla L. f. Suppl. PI. p. 173 (1781).
MOSSAMEDES.— A glaucous-hoary shrublet, with the habit of Lerchia,

and with numerous branches from the base ; stems and branches
prostrate ; flowers reddish. At the sides of sandhills near Cavalheiros,
plentiful; fl. July 1859. No. 6320.

GUI. PHYTOLACCACEjE.

1. HILLERIA Veil. Fl. Flum. p. 47 (1825), i. tab. 122 (1827).
Mohlana Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. iii. p. 170. t. 290 (1829) ; Benth.
& Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 81.

1. H. elastica Veil., I.e.

Rivina latifolia Lam. Tabl. Encycl. i. p. 324 (1792) ; Poir. in

Hilkria\ cm. PHYTOLACCACE.E. 901

Lam. Encycl. Meth. vi. p. 215 (1804). R. secunda Ruiz & Par.
Fl. Per. i. p. 65. t. 102, fig. a (1798). R. lanceolate Willd. Enum,
Hort. Berol. Suppl. p. 8 (1813). R. acuminata H. B. & K. Nov.
Gen. ii. p. 184 (1817). R. affinis Nees & Mart, in Nov. Act. Nat.
Cur. xi. p. 30 (1823). R. apetala Schum. & Thonn. in Danske
Vid. Selsk. iii. p. 104 (1828). Mohlana nemoralis Mart., I.e.,
p. 171. M. secunda Mart., I.e., p. 172. R. incequalis Hook. Ic.
PI. ii. t. 130 (1837). M. guineensis Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2,
p. 15 (1849); Welw. Apontam. p. 558, sub n. 134 (1859).
M. latifolia Moq., I.e., p. 16. Hilkra secunda 0. Kuntze, Rev.
Gen. PI. ii. p. 551 (1891).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An undershrub, 1 to 3 ft. high, woody at the
base ; leaves dull green above, pallid beneath, repand-crenate ; the
young stem somewhat angular, becoming when older almost cylindrical
and woody ; petioles decurrent on the young stem in two hairy lines ;
calyx 4-cleft, petaloid and whitish rosy when young and during the
flowering, turning green and somewhat fleshy as the fruit ripens,
bilabiate, three of the segments representing the lower lip and the
fourth one the upper. In the primitive forest close to the banks of
the river Cuango, in Sobato de Mussengue, about Sange, plentiful ;
fl. and young fr., Dec. 1854. No. 2440. In very shady places at the
cataracts of the river Cuango and by streams in Mata de Quibanga,
plentiful ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1855. No. 2440k

2. PHYTOLACCA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 84.

1. P. dodecandra L'Herit. Stirp. Nov. p. 143. t. 69 (1789).

P. abyssinica Hoffrn. in Comm. Getting, xii. p. 25. t. 2 (1796).
Pircunia abyssinica Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii. 2, p. 30 (1849);
A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 222 (1851). Pirc. saponacea Welw.
Apontam. p. 558, sub n. 134 (1859); Cat. Sect. Portug. Expos.
Univers. Paris, p. 451. n. 12 (1867).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An undershrub, climbing high, with white-
yellowish flowers and scarlet fruits. In tall thickets near Trombeta,
fl. Sept. 1854, the var. latifolia A. Eich., I.e. ; in thin forests among
the Serra do Alto Queta mountains ; fl. and fr. March 1855. No. 2438.
A shrub, climbing far and wide ; branches long-sarmentose ; leaves
subglaucous, somewhat fleshy ; flowers pale sulphur in colour,
arranged in long spikelike racemes ; berries scarlet ; fl. and fr. May
1855. COLL. CARP. 861.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A shrub, but little woody, climbing to the
height of 10 to 30 ft, not twining ; leaves herbaceous, glaucous-green ;
flowers white ; fruits scarlet. In rocky wooded places between Caghuy
and Mutollo, sporadic ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1856. No. 2439.

The negroes call this plant " Mu tonga-Tonga," and they use the
leaves, when boiled or pounded, instead of soap for washing clothes,
but it is inferior to " Jindondolo," Solatium albifolium Wright, ante,
p. 747. See Welwitsch, I.e. .In the Paris catalogue, I.e., the plant is
placed among the medicinal specimens from Cazengo ; in the same
catalogue, p. 456, n. 63, "Mutonga-tonga," bark and leaves from the
district of Duque de Braganca, is said to be employed in dropsies and
in cases of retention of urine, and to be a drastic purgative ; Welwitsch
also noted that it is drastic in small quantities.

902 cm. PHYTOLACCACE^E. [Phytolacca

2. P. dioica L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, p. 632 (1762) ; Welw., I.e.

Pircunia, dioica Moq., I.e., p. 30.

A valuable tree, especially useful for the sake of the dense
shade which it affords ; the Portuguese call it " Bella sombra " ;
Welwitsch, I.e., recommended its introduction into Angola, as
being a quick grower and well adapted for planting in the public
squares, etc. Cultivated about Lisbon ; fr. 1861. COLL. CARP. 863.

CIV. POLYGONACE^.

1. OXYGONUM Burch. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 96.
Raphanopsis Welw. Apontam. p. 547, sub n. 75 (1859).
Diplopyramis Welw., I.e., p. 591. n. 106.

1. 0. alatum Burch. Trav. i. p. 548. n. 2074 (1822) ; Benth in
Hook. Ic. PL xiv. p. 14. t. 1321 (1880).

HUILLA. — An annual herb, with the habit of a Raphanus, agree-
ably acidulous in all parts, tasting like Rumex Acetosella L., edible,
divaricately branched from the base, the lower part subscabrid or
subpubescent with whitish setulae or papillae directed downwards ;
root and base of the stem bloodred-purple ; leaves glaucescent, some-
what fleshy, lanceolate, more or less deeply incised or even laciniate ;
flowers hemaphrodite and male, racemose along an elongated rachis,
two together in the axil of each bract ; perianth milk-white, 5-cleft,
the two outer segments keeled and mucronate with protracted-hooded
keel, the other segments somewhat concave and without a mucro ;
stamens 8 or very rarely 5 ; filaments dilated and bearded at the base;
anthers oblong, bluish ; pollen whitish ; ovary triquetrous, 1 -celled ;
style trifid ; stigmas capitate, yellow ; achene triquetrous, enclosed
in the fleshy acutely alate-trigonous tube of the perigonium and
surmounted with its marcescent limb. On hot and somewhat rocky
sands, in places neglected after cultivation, and by roadsides, near
Lopollo ; fl. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860, fl. and young fr. April and
1 May 1860. No. 1755.

This differs from the type of the species, which was collected near
the Asbestos mountains, in having its flowers milk-white instead of
flesh-coloured.

2. 0. cordofanum Daminer in Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii., la,
p. 30 (1893).

Ceratogonon atriplicifolium Hochst. in Kotschy PI. Nub.
Exsicc. n. 117 (U.i., 1841). Raphanopsis sp., Welw., I.e., p. 547.
Diplopyramis cethiopica Welw., I.e., p. 591. n. 106. Ceratogonum
Cordofanum Meisn. in DC. Prodr. xiv. p. 39 (1856). C. sinuatum
Britten, Journ. Bot. xxxiii. p. 75 (1895), partly.

AMBACA.— An annual, much branched, fully developed herb ; stem
decumbent ; branches ascending ; flowers white. In neglected fields
No 17566n Pkm8 Dear N"gombe' Plentiful ; fl- ai»d fr. Oct. 1856.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— Flowering racemes seeming terminal when
young but really axillary or rather alar, not nodding but the pedicels
of the male flowers arching-recurved from the apex after flowering
ma tbe fertile flowers even in the fruiting state seated on erect
pedicels ; perianth white ; anthers deep clear blue : fruit resembling

Oxygonum] civ. POLYGONACE^I. 903

a double tetragonal pyramid, each pyramid being placed base to base
with reference to the other. In the poorer plots of cultivation and on
rubbish heaps, very plentiful, extending from Ambaca to the presidium ;
fl. and fr. Nov. and Dec. 1856. No. 1756. An annual, procumbent-
ascending herb, with white flowers and blue anthers. In cultivated
places and by roadsides ; fr. Feb. 1857. COLL. CARP. 864.

3. 0. sinuatum Dammer, I.e.

Ceratogonon sinuatum Hochst. & Steud. in Schimp. PI. Abyss.
Exsicc. i. n. 264 (U.i., 1840); Britten, I.e., partly.

HUILLA. — An annual, glaucescent herb, with white flowers. In
pastures among low bushes, flooded in the rainy season, near Lopollo,
rather rare : fl. and young fr. Jan. 1860. No. 1758.

Perhaps only a form of the previous species.

4. 0. Acetosella Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 60 (1869) ;
Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 244 (1884).

MOSSAMEDES. — An annual, glabrous, somewhat fleshy, quite glaucous,
decumbent or prostrate herb, branched from the base ; stem semi-
cylindrical, the rachis of the flowering racemes acutely triquetrous ;
ochreas truncate, quite entire or minutely erose-denticulate ; leaves
broadly lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, gradually narrowed into the
winged petiole, repand-toothed or sinuate-dentate on the margin,
rather fleshy, very agreeably acidulous, when cooked rivalling those
of Rumex Acetosella L. and providing a complete substitute for them ;
perianth deeply 5-cleft, corolline-whitish ; the segments obovate or
broadly elliptical, obtuse, apiculate, somewhat concave, patent, the
two outer ones with a green keel, stamens 8 ; filaments subulate ;
anthers didymous, versatile, pale blue ; style deeply trifid, white ;
stigmas capitate, yellow ; achene included in the tube of the perianth
and adhering to it, elongate-ovate, obsoletely and bluntly trigonous
when not quite ripe ; bracts 3- to 5-flowered ; racemes often 1^ ft.
long. In sandy maritime hilly places from Mossamedes towards Cabo
Negro, especially near Praia da Amelia, plentiful ; fl. and young
fr. June and July 1859. Called " Azedas bravas " (wild sorrel).
No. 1757.

2. POLYGONUM Tournef., L.; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PI. iii. p. 97.

1. P. herniarioides Delile, Fl. ./Egypt. Illustr. p. 61 (1812).
MOSSAMEDES.— An annual, prostrate herb, with the habit of P.

aviculare L., and whitish-rosy flowers. In moist sandy places at the
river Bero ; fl. July 1859. No. 5372.

HUILLA.— In poor pastures flooded in summer, near Ohai ; fl. and
fr. April 1860. No. 5373.

2. P. scabrum Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. vi. p. 148 (1804).
P. salicifolium Broussonet ex Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 428

(1809). P. seiTulatum Lagasca, Gen. et Sp. PL p. 14. n. 181
(1816). Persicaria serrulata Webb & Moq. in Webb & Berth.
Phyt. Canar. iii. p. 219 (1842-43 ?) ; J. A. Schmidt, Beitr. Fl.
Cap Verd. Ins. p. 177 (1852).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— At the banks of the river Muria near Ponte de
Muria ; fl. and fr. Sept. and Oct. 1854. No. 5367.

MOSSAMEDES. — A perennial herb, 3 to 5 ft. high ; stem rooting,
ascending, quasi-scandent among Scirpoidese (cf. Scirpus maritimus

904: civ. POLYGONACEJ3. [Polygonum

L. : Welw. herb. no. 6974) and reeds, purplish, sparingly branched ;
flowers whitish-rosy. In swampy places at the mouth of the river
Giraul, plentiful ; fl. 19 July 1859. No. 5369.

HUILLA.— At Lopollo ; fl. Dec 1859 ; also in wet wooded places by
the Monino ; fl. Jan. 1860. No. 6368. A glaucescent herb. In
marshy places at the river Panda ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 5371.
Floating in the river Caculuvar, near lake Ivantfda, in company with
a Commelinacea (cf. Floscopa glomeraia Hassk. ; Welw. herb. no.
6590) ; fl. end of Feb. 1860. No. 5370.

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.— By waterfalls behind Villa de Praia, in
the island of San Thiago, in company with Lemna minor L. ; fl. and
fr. Jan. 1861. No. 5366-

I have not seen the type of Poiret's species, which was found in
Barbary; but it apparently belongs to the same species as our
specimens.

3. P. lanigerum R. Br. Prodr. p. 419 (1810).

Var. y. africannm Meisn. in DC. Prodi-, xiv. p. 117 (1856).

BARRO DO BENGO. — At the margins of the river Bengo, near
Quifandongo, plentiful ; fl. and fr. 12 Sept. 1854. No. 5365-

PUNGO ANDONOO. — An ascending or erect herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; stem
fistulose, rather thick ; flowers whitish-rosy. In marshy places at the
banks of the river Luxillo, near the bridge, towards Cambambe, rather
sparingly ; fl. and fr. April 1857. No. 5364.

HUILLA. — A sparingly branched, erect herb, 4 to 6 ft. high. By
streams among tall grasses, near Lopollo; fl. and fr. May 1860.
No. 5363. An erect, nodose, apparently annual herb, 3 to 5 ft. high ;
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, white-woolly above, snow-white-
tomentose beneath ; spikes paniculate, rather thick, rosy. By river
banks near Lopollo, at Ivantala ; fl. and fr. Feb. and April 1860.
COLL. CARP. 866.

This plant, in conjunction with P. tomentosum Willd., Miralnlis
Jalapa L., and Camia orientalis Rose., forms the mass of the herbaceous
vegetation along streams in Pungo Andongo.

4. P. limbatum Meisn., I.e., p. 123.

HUILLA. — In marshy wooded places from Ferrao da Sola towards
Jau, and seen nowhere else ; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 5374.

5. P. senegalense Meisn. Mon. Polyg. p. 54 (1826); Welw. in
Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (August 1854), p. 80. n. 21.

BARRA DO BENGO. — A handsome plant ; stem as thick as a man's
finger, some thicker, fistulose, brilliantly red, 4 to 10 ft. high, decumbent
or even floating. At the margins of the river Bengo, between Quifan-
dongo and Prata, at the convent of Santo Antonio ; fl. Dec. 1853.
No. S35Q, 2>artly.

ICOLO E BENGO.— A herb, 4 to 6 ft. high ; stem sometimes decumbent
sometimes ascending, remarkably and widely fistulose, a finger thick,
reddish purple ; flowers whitish rosy. At the banks of the river Bengo
(Zenza), from Santo Antonio to Tamdambondo, sparingly ; fl. and fr.
beginning of Sept. 1857. No. 5359, partly. Stems tortuous, thick,
fistulose, 2 to 6 ft. high. At the river Bengo ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1857.
COLL. CARP. 865.

MOSSAMEDES. — An apparently perennial herb ; stem thick, fistulose,
3 to 7 ft. high, an inch thick, decumbent or nodding ; branches erect ;
flowers whitish rosy. In ponds or gently flowing pools at the banks
of the river Bero ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 5358.

Polygonum] civ. POLYGONACEJS. 905

This plant was met with also in abundance by rather deep ponds at
Represa do Manuel Pereira van Hunnen in the district of Loanda ; it
flowers from December to March, and is perennial ; its hollow stem is
constricted at the nodes and remarkably moniliform, that is, the
joints are strongly inflated ; the stem is sometimes erect and 4 to 5 ft.
high, and sometimes decumbent and 6 to 12 ft. long by an inch in
diameter ; it is throughout of a pretty reddish colour.

6. P. tomentosum Willd. Sp. PL ii. p. 447 (1799).

Cf. Houttuyn, Handleid. viii. p. 467. t. 49. f. 1 (1777), under
P. ocreatum.

AMBACA. — An erect or ascending, cinereous herb, 2 to 3 ft. high,
with pallid rosy flowers. By streams, between Puri-Cacarambola and
N-gombe, in company with Rorippa Nasturtium Beck ; Oct. 1856, but
not then in good fl. No. 5361.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A marsh herb ; stems often elongated, a foot
long or more, simple, decumbent-ascending or almost floating, bearded
at the nodes with long root-like fibres ; flowers whitish-rosy. By
pools close to the banks of the river Luxillo, near the bridge, not
common ; fl. Jan. 1857. A specimen, poorly represented in the British
Museum set, apparently of this species. No. 5360.

See note under P. lanigerum K. Br.

Var. limnogenes.

P. limnogenes Vatke ex Engl. Hochgebirgsflora, p. 202 (1892).

Leaves scabrid.

HUILLA. — An erect herb, 2£ to 4 ft. high ; ochrese ferruginous ;
spikes somewhat nodding ; flowers from whitish to slightly rosy. At
river banks near Humpata, in company with willows ; fl. and fr. April
1860. No. 5362.

This is probably the Polygonum with which grew the grass Panicum
Crus-pavonis Nees, Welw. herb. no. 7490 ; post, ii. p. 173.

3. RTJMEX L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 100.

1. R. abyssinica Jacq. Hort. Vindob. iii. p. 48. t. 93 (1776)
(abyssinicus).

PUNGO AXDOXGO. — An erect, apparently perennial herb, 2 to 5 ft.
high ; leaves deltoid or lance-shaped, herbaceous-green above, glau-
cescent beneath, the radical ones with long petioles. In rich bushy
pastures in deep valleys among the gigantic volcanic rocks of Pungo
Andongo ; fl. and young fr. Dec. 1856 and Jan. 1857 ; also in rather
elevated rocky places by the streams of Catete and Cabondo in the
presidium ; fl. and young fr. Feb. and April 1857. No. 5356.

HUILLA. — A branched herb, 2 to 4 f fc. high. By streams ; fl. and f r.
Dec. 1859. No. 5357. By rivulets near Lopollo ; fr. Jan. 1860.
COLL. CARP. 878.

This is the Rumex mentioned by Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v.
p. 187 (1861).

4. BRTJNNICHIA Banks ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 103;
Dammer in Engl., Bob. Jahrb. xxvi. p. 347 (31 Jan. 1899).

1. B. africana Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 61 (1869);
Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiv. p. 21, t. 1328 (Feb. 1881) ; Dammer,
I.e., p. 357.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A slender, much-branched shrub, climbing high

906 civ. POLYGONACE^E. [Brunnichia

and wide, not milky ; branches elongate-virgate, horizontally patent
or even bent downwards and nodding, angular, cirrhose ; tendrils bifid
at the apex ; leaves papery, bright green and glossy above, paler
beneath, oblong or elliptical-ovate, abruptly narrowed at both ends
or wedged-shaped at the base ; petiole amplexicaul, forming a short
ochrea ; flower-racemes not cirrhose at the apex but the peduncles or
the branchlets from the axils of the leaves below the inflorescence
transformed into tendrils of 2 to 4 in. long ; perianth obversely fusiform,
jointed to the much compressed pedicel, compressed-winged, connate
with the base of the ovary, the limb 5-partite, the segments convolute-
semi-imbricate in aestivation, patent during the flowering, herbaceous-
green outside, rosy-red inside ; stamens 10 or very rarely only 5,
inserted on the throat of the perianth, 5 of them, those opposite the
perianth-segments, a little longer than the others, flattened from the
base, filiform, exserted ; anthers rotundate-cordate, very deep vermilion-
red, introrse, 2-celled, the cells cohering only at the point of insertion
of the filaments, dehiscing longitudinally ; ovary nearly free, fusiform,
trigonous, terminating gradually in the style ; stigmas 3, delicately
capitate ; ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled ; the ovule erect, seated at the base
on the thick column or funicle ; fruit with the winged pedicel vividly
blood-red, 5 to 7 times as long as the perianth. In rather dense
primitive forests by streams among the mountains in Sobato de Bumba
and at the Capopa cataract near Sange, sporadic ; fl. and fr., 28 Sept.
1855 ; in company with Bombax buonopozetmis P. Beauv. (Welw.
herb. no. 5413), Leta gninecmii G. Don (Welw. herb. no. 1487, and
Trymatococcux kamerunensis Engl., var. WehoitsrJiii Engl. (Welw. herb,
no. 2594). No. 1754. At Capopa ; fr. April 1856. COLL. CARP. 982.

CV. PODOSTEMAOE.E.

The plants of this order have a remarkably peculiar habit
resembling in this respect some Algse and Jungermanniae ; they
are poorly represented in Angola, Welwitsch having collected
only two out of the 170 species or thereabouts in all; these two
.species, moreover, were found each in a single station, namely in
the cool and clear streams confined within rocks among the
mountains of Pungo Andongo, though they were searched for in
vain in similar situations up to 16° S. Lat. and 5600 feet of
altitude. One of the species strikingly resembles a Hi/pnea
(Floridece), and it grows with a shield-like knotty base
attached in an exactly similar fashion to stones at the bottom
of the streams. The second species, which at first sight might
be mistaken for a Jungermannia, occurs also at the bottom of
streams, but it grows in dense extensive tufts after the manner of
various JungermannicK. Each of the species seems rarely to bear
fruit and then only when the streams in which they grow decrease
so much in depth by evaporation in the hot season that the
plants have their upper branches exposed to the atmosphere. The
texture also of these species resembles that of some Algse ; they
have the same elastic stiffness when taken fresh out of the water,
the same rapid crumbling, the same knot-like appearance of the
stem (though on closer examination really different), and the
same kind of cartilaginous disk at the point of attachment.

Tristicha] cv. PODOSTEMACE^E. 907

1. TRISTICHA P. Thouars in Roemer, Collect. Bot. p. 197.
n. 8 (1809); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 108.

1. T. hypnoides Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. Our. Post. p. 10 (1827).
Var. fontinaloides Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvii. p. 45 (1873).

T. fontinaloides Welw. ex Wedd., I.e.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An aquatic herb, 3 to 10 in. long, branched in a
dichotomous or fasciculate manner like Fontinalis antipyretica, attached
after the fashion of the Florideae, with a shield-like cartilaginous
sordid-rosy or purplish callus, to the submerged rocks in clear streams,
when removed from the water rapidly becoming very limp ; stems
several from the same root, caespitosely clustered, the young ones erect,
subcompressed, greenish purple, the older and fruiting ones floating,
flatly compressed, reddish purple, subcartilaginous and as the branches
and branchlets (which are at length subcylindrical) semipellucid and
flexible, in youth more densely and in adult age more loosely leafy ;
leaves alternate, apparently distichous but really trifarious, those of
two rows distichously patent, those of the third row shorter, erect,
adpressed to the stem, almost imitating the amphigastria of Junger-
mannise, all very brightly deep-green, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse,
1 -nerved, quite entire, narrowed and sub-decurrent at the base ;
flowers axillary, solitary, at first subsessile and involucrate with
bracteoles, soon with firm rather thick straight and long peduncles ;
bracteoles at length oblong, rather broad, membranous, 2 or 3, usually
2, at the base of the peduncle at length free, spreading, persistent in
fruit ; perianth-segments 3, thinly chartaceous, green, at first sub-
connate beyond the middle, at length as the ovary enlarges free to the
base, equal, ovate-oblong, concave, adhering to the mature ovary, persis-
tent, then spreading, but little or scarcely exceeding the capsule ; stamen
1, hypogynous ; filament compressed-filiform, at the beginning of the
flowering included, soon rather far exserted ; anther 1, terminal, red,
attached at the emarginate base, ovoid-oblong, 2-celled, dehiscing
longitudinally ; ovary ovoid, incompletely (?) 3-celled, the cells with
several ovules ; stigmas 3, purple, filiform, erect during the flowering,
at length diverging ; capsule brick-red-brown, oblong-ovoid, crowned
at the top with the indurated styles, longitudinally sulcate-costak;,
3-valved ; the valves tricostate, boat-shaped, when dehisced laying
bare a placentiferous column which bears the erect seeds in its
depressions ; seeds very numerous, elongate-ellipsoidal, compressedly
biconvex ; testa thin, pellucid, somewhat viscid ; the inner lining bright
brown, very delicately and roundly foveolate. On submerged stones
in the clear mountain streams of Pedra de Cabondo, in the presidium ;
sparingly fruiting, Feb. 1857. No. 527.

The Alga n. 109, and perhaps also n. 108, grew on the branchlets.

2. T. trifaria Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, xi. p. Ill (1849).
Dufourea trifwia Bory ex Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 55 (1810).
PUNGO ANDONGO. — A herb with the habit of a Jungermannia,

growing on submerged rocks in cold streams, at first erect, afterwards
as the stem branches more or less elongated, somewhat floating, at
length as the water in the streams dries up decumbent on the rocky or
muddy-sandy bottom and in this state mostly fruiting, just as in
mosses the luxuriant specimens rather rarely flowering or fruiting,
firmer and more rigid than the last species ; root scutiform, cartila-
ginous, reddish, closely adhering to the matrix ; stems compressed-
flat, occasionally even much dilated, csespitose, in the living state tinged

908 cv. PODOSTEMACEJE.

with red or purple, in the dry state dull reddish ; leavea broader and
more densely trif ariously imbricate than those of the last species, dull
or almost obscurely green without gloss, those of the third row erect,
adpressed to the stem more or less orbicular and half the length of
those in the distichously spreading other rows ; capsules almost equal in
size to those of the last species ; the whole plant turning black in
drying. Attached to submerged rocks in the stream jCasalaleMn the
presidium, rather rarely flowering ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 528.
By the rivers Casalale and Cambondo ; fl. and f r. Jan. 1857. COLL.
CARP. 942. It flowers from January to March. Several species of
Algse grew on the branches. Cf. Algae nn. 105, 108, 109.

CVI. CYTINACE.E.

1. PILOSTYLES Guillemin in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 2, ii. p. 19.
t. 1 (1834).

Frostia Bertero ex Guillemin, I.e. Apodanthes Benth. <fc Hook,
f. Gen. PL iii. p. 118; non Poit. (1824).

1. P. setbiopica Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvil p. 67. t. 22
(1869) ; Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. xvii. p. 114 (1873).

A small parasite, growing in masses, after the fashion of the
tubercle-shaped Sphserise, on the thinner branchlets of trees on all
sides, but chiefly on the side exposed to the light, springing from
their bark sometimes in definite rows and in other cases irregularly.
Slender threads or very delicate membranes pervade the liber and
take the place of the root like a mycelium. The parasites first
appear as small hemispherical nodules, which are afterwards
broken by the protrusion of a rather hard globular or somewhat
conical light brown body appearing under the microscope to be
covered with small tender more or less circular scales which give
the globular body an areolate surface and make it quite analogous
to the uterus of some Fungi, as for instance ClcUhrus, and almost
of a woody consistency ; it soon bursts either irregularly or in a
circumsciss manner, the upper arched part falling off like a hood,
and the lower part remaining firm on the bark like an elevated
bowl-shaped ring, which permanently encircles the buds as they
sprout and the fruit when subsequently formed. The whole of
the process, from the first manifestation of the little nodules up
to the inflorescence and fructification, appears to be completed in
a very few days: thus Welwitsch found on the 10th May 1860
male flowers which were then nearly all in bud with only a few
having their perianth expanded, and two days later he found the
same flowers nearly all quite withered and past. On a close
examination of these fungus-like plants Welwitsch was involun-
tarily reminded of the flowers of certain Asclepiadea? especially
of some Stapelice ; and the foul smell of the latter is said to occur
in some species of Rafflesieae. The flowers are dioecious, involu-
crate ; involucre globose, crustaceous, pale brown, branny-areolate,
smooth inside, enclosing one or rarely two (in one instance three)
flowers, circumsciss or bursting irregularly, the patelliform base

Pilostyles} cvi. CYTINACE^E. 909

persistent ; flower subsessile at the bottom and centre of the
involucre, bright rosy-bloodred throughout, ^ to ^ in. high, bud-
shaped, bracteate ; bracts several, 8 to 10, scale-like, broadly
ovate, concave, obtuse, bright bloodred, arranged in an ascending
spiral, covering the perianth of the flowers, whether of the male
flowers at the time of the flowering or of the female flowers both
during the flowering and during the swelling of the ovary.
Perianth of the male flowers 4- to 7- or even 8-phyllous; the
segments obtuse, spongy-callous at the base inside, imbricate in
the bud, erect-spreading during the flowering, incurved at the
apex ; corona of the throat 4- to 8-angled, the angles prominent
and alternating with the segments of the perianth ; staminal
column subconical-cylindrical, truncate at the apex, sheathing
the column of the free style ; anthers contiguous, sessile, below
the apex of the staminal column ; pollen copious, whitish ; style-
column cylindrical ; stigma hemispherical-peltate, exserted, closing
the cavity of the staminal column ; ovary obsolete ; all parts of
the flower at first rosy purple, soon bloodred and marcescent,
afterwards reddish yellow, always more or less fleshy, and the
flower when rubbed abounding in a red carmine juice which
imparts to paper a tolerably fast colour. In the female flowers
the buds (and also the expanded flowers) are a little longer and
narrower than in the male flowers, ovoid-conical and not globose
as in the male ; perianth almost completely covered by the scale-
like somewhat fleshy bracts, adhering to the ovary, 6-phyllous ;
the segments scarcely ever well expanded, resembling the bracts
in colour, consistency and shape, quite glabrous, spongy-callous at
the base inside ; corona of the throat not flat but prismatic, analo-
gous to the septiform membranes in Gytinus, 6 -angled, the angles
prominent and alternating with the segments of the perianth;
ovary half inferior, globose-ellipsoidal, unilocular; placentation
parietal ; ovules numerous ; style from the centre of the corona
erect, broadly conical, viscid-fleshy ; stigma hemispherical-capitate,
rarely 2- very rarely 3-umbonate, tubercular, very delicately
wrinkled; seeds very many, bright flesh-coloured, wrapped in a
viscid material, scarcely arranged in regular order, soft, slightly
crustaceous.

HUILLA. — Parasitical on branchlets of the Panda tree, Berlinia pani-
culate Benth. (Welw. herb. no. 577), the male plant seen only on this
tree ; in the elevated (5500 ft.) forests of Morro de Monino, sparingly ;
male fl. 10 May 1860. No. 5296. On branchlets of the Panda tree,
Brachystegia spicceformis Benth. (Welw. herb. no. 583) ; in the same
neighbourhood as the male plants but rarer ; female fl. 12 May 1860.
No. 529.

The plant seems to be very rare, for during the seven months during
which Welwitsch was almost always and even daily traversing the
forests chiefly composed of Leguminous trees, he found it only on a few
Leguminous trees, all of which belonged to those called Panda trees,
once on a glabrous kind and a second time male plants on a tomentose
variety of Panda.

A small bread-coloured Curculio attacks and quickly destroys the

910 cvi. CYTINACE^E. [Pilostyles

flowers and fruits of the Pilostyles ; and even two species of Curculio
were met with in one and the same flower.

Welwitsch considered that the flowers of this plant are not theo-
retically without peduncles, any more than those of Lemna or Pistia,
but that the stalks are extremely reduced, just as the axis of the
inflorescence in Composite ; this view is confirmed by the spiral
arrangement of the bracts.

2. HYDNORA Thunb. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 120.

Aphyteia L. ex Achar. Dissert. PL Aphyt. p. 8 (22 June 1776).

1. H. africana Thunb. in Vet. Acad. Handl. Stockb. xxxvi.
p. 69. t. 2 (1775). Aphyteia Hydnora Achar., I.e., p. 10, c. tab.

Var. longicollis Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. pp. 66, 94
(1869); Hook. f. in DC. Prodr. xvii. p. 109 (1873) ; Ficalho, PI.
Uteis, p. 244 (1884).

H. longicollis Welw., I.e., t. 21 ; Solms in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. iii. 1, p. 285 (1889).

MOSSAMEDES. — A fleshy-coriaceous plant, like a fungus in shape,
dusky-brickred throughout ; smell stercoraceous ; rhizome or under-
ground stem thick, dull and purple-dusty outside, pale brickred inside,
5- to 7-gonal, horizontal or obliquely ascending, sparingly and
remotely dichotomous, fleshy inside, beset along all the angles outside
with blunt papilliform warts, perennial, parasitical on the roots of
Zygophyllum orbiculatum Welw. (herb. no. 1637 and Coll. Carp. 27)
and on a succulent Euphorbia (which it ultimately kills; cf. Welw.
herb. no. 643), growing all the year round, producing in succession
flowers from the angles of the rhizome, of which the first appear
to be rudimentary and to constitute the rows of tubercles on
the angles ; perianth tubular, 3 to 8 in. high, an inch in diameter,
obconic-cylindrical, bluntly rounded at the base, attenuate to the
sessile base and there connate with the ovary, gradually widening
upwards, deeply and transversely wrinkled, orange-red tending to
brickred inside, dusky-cinnamon in colour outside, 3- or very rarely
4-cleft at the apex ; the segments of the limb valvate in aestivation,
ragged inside, connivent or even connate to the extreme tip ; the
sinuses rounded, not lobulate at the base ; some or all of the segments
very broadly furrowed within, bearing in the furrow a gland which
covers all the upper part of the cavity of the furrow and is at first
white and soon becomes dusky ; the substance whitish-subferruginous,
soon deliquescing and at the same time turning dusky and stinking
after the manner of certain fungi ; stamens isomerous with the
perianth segments, 3 or 4, and opposite to them ; filaments inserted
on a ring at the middle of the tube and concrete with it ; anthers
cohering at the base, free at the apex, pyramidal-conical, blunt,
many-celled, whitish-straw in colour ; the cells parallel, unequal in
length, transverse, variously curved or bent; ovary inferior, adnate

pulvinate, somewhat 3- or 4-lobed, sordidly purple-dusky, pale brick-
red inside ; the lobes shortly convex, delicately but clearly marked
with transverse furrows. On maritime sandy hills near Mossamedes
and as far as Cabo Negro, plentiful ; fl. and fr. April, 23 June, and
J uly 1859. No. 530.

The plant in all parts and especially in the rhizome abounds in a

Ifydnora] cvi. CYTINACEA;. 911

dusky cinnamon colouring matter which also contains tannin, and for
this reason is frequently employed with complete success by the
Mossamedes fishermen for staining their nets and preserving them for
a long time from decay. Thunberg spoke of the plant as a fungus ;
and in his time it was known in South Africa by the name of " Jackhal's
Kost." See Thunberg's Travels, Engl. ed., ii. p. 133 (1795). For a
further account of this underground parasite see Monteiro, Angola,
ii. p. 207 (1875).

CVII. ARISTOLOCHIACE^E.

1. ARISTOLOCHIA Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. iii. p. 123.

1. A. albida Duchartre in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 4, ii. p. 75
(1854), and in DC. Prodr. xv. 1, p. 483 (May 1864); Solereder
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. x. p. 437 (2 April 1889).

A. cethioplca Welw. Apontam. p. 548, sub n. 81 (1859).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A climbing, perennial plant ; stem mostly
prostrate, with long sarmentose branches ; calyx unilabiate, lurid,
dusky purple ; the lip obovate, oblong-panduriform, concave and
hirsute above the middle, with reflected margins, glaucous and keeled
below ; epigynous disk with six crenations, each of which bears two
extrorse bilocular longitudinally dehiscent anthers. In hilly places
and on rather dry slopes at the outskirts of thickets and at the bushy
banks of streams, occasionally plentiful ; by the Ambaca road, fl.
Aug. 1855, fr. Nov. 1855. No. 511. A decumbent specimen ; in hot
rocky places near Sange, fl. beginning of Aug. 1855. No. 5116. In
fr. Dec. 1854. COLL. CARP. 936.

MOSSAMEDES. — A perennial, diffuse or widely climbing, much
branched, suffrutescent herb ; leaves coriaceous, somewhat limp ;
flowers blackish purple. In sandy maritime thickets between
Mossamedes and Cavalheiros or Giraul, very plentiful : fl. and fr.
July 1859. No. 512. In thickets near Mossamedes ; in well developed
fl. June 1859. No. 5126.

Welwitsch considered that the trivial name as a descriptive term
was very unsuitable.

CVIII. PIPERACE.E.

The aquatic plant, with edible tuberous rhizomes like chestnuts
in taste, mentioned by Welwitsch in Apontam. p. 546, n. 63 and
there placed under Saururese, is probably Limnophyton obtusifolium
Miq.

1. PIPER L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 129.

1. P. umbellatum L. Sp. PL edit. 1, p. 30 (1753); C. DC.
Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 332 (1869).

P. sulpeltatum Willd. Sp. PI. i. p. 166 (1797); C. DC., I.e.,
p. 333. Heckeria subpeltata Kunth in Linnaea xiii. p. 571 (1839) ;
Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat, Pflanzenfam. iii. 1, p. 6 (1889).
Pothomorphe subpeltata Miq. Comm. Phyt. p. 37 (1840).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A very elegant pepper, 3 to 5 ft. high ; stem
nodose ; spikes whitish. In primitive very shady forests by the

912 cvin. PIPERACE^;. [Piper

streams Cuango and Delamboa, rather rare ; fl. and f r. end of April
1855. No. 501. In fl. No. 6707- A herb, 2 to 4 ft. high ; nodes
reddish ; leaves very large, cordate, subpeltate ; spikes whitish,
dichotomously cymose. By streams near Sange ; fr. April 1855. COLL.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In the shady forests of Mata de Pungo in the
presidium, sparingly ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 502.
Welwitsch saw the plant also about Muxaulo.

2. P. gnineense Thonn. in Danske Vid. Selsk. iii. p. 39 (1828) ;
C. DC., I.e., p. 343.

P. Clwii C. DC., I.e., p. 340; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 245.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A suffruticose herb, almost a shrub, climbing
high, or a shrub with its trunk an inch thick at the base and climbing
to a great height on trees attaching itself by means of root-like fibres
which are produced on all sides ; stem nodose ; leaves subcoriaceous,
glossy, faintly green ; drupes baccate, aromatic. In very dense
elevated primitive forests in Sobato do Quilombo ; young plants,
without fl. or fr. Feb. 1856 ; in the elevated forests of Quilombo-
Quiacatubia, without fl. beginning of July 1865. No. 510. A robust
shrub ; trunk 2£ in. in diameter at the base ; with adventitious roots
climbing high on Monodora Myristica Dun. (Welw. herb. no. 773,
etc.) ; berries brick -red. In the forests of Sobato de Bumba, and
more abundantly at Cucauengui in Sobato de Quilombo-Quiacatubia ;
fr. middle of July 1856. No. 508. A peppery shrub, climbing to a
great height. In the forests of Quilombo-Quiacatubia, 1856 ; specimens
of the stem. COLL. CARP. 983. A tall climbing shrub ; berries brick-
red ; seeds strongly aromatic-acrid ; fr. 1856. COLL. CARP. 940.

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. — Berries round, orange in colour, called
"pimenta" (pepper). In dense forests at Fazenda de Monte Caff£ ;
fr. Dec. 1860. No. 509 and COLL. CARP. 941.

This plant is called "Jih6fo" or " Jih^fu," pronounced Shihffu,
and furnishes true pepper a little smaller than the Indian pepper.
The negroes call Urera sp. (Welw. herb. nos. 6268, 6279) wild or
bastard Jihefo.

2. PEPEROMIA Ruiz & Pa von ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. iii. p. 132.

1. P. pellucida H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. p. 64 (1815) ;
C. DC. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 402 (1869).

Piper pettucidum L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 30 (1753).

AMBRIZ.— In the rocky forest between Ambriz and Quizembo,
100 to 150 ft. alt. ; Nov. 1857. Only one specimen saved during
flight under pursuit by the Musulos. Apparently this species. No. 506.

CAZENGO. — A succulent, annual herb ; stems more or less decumbent
or ascending, pale green, almost glassy-hyaline, angular, the angles
decurrent from the sheaths of the leaves, narrowly winged ; leaves
somewhat fleshy, green above, greenish white beneath, beset with very
slender papillae or hairs ; ripe seeds fairly minute, blackish, almost
precisely spherical. In very shady primitive forests by streams in
Serra de Muxaulo ; rather rare ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1855. No. 504.

2. P. exigna Miq. Syst. Piper, p. 77 (1843).

Piper exiguutn Blume in Verb. Batav. Gen. xi. p. 232 (1826).
Micropiper exiguum Miq. Comm. Phyt, p. 55, t. 9, f. d (1840).

feperomia] cvin. PIPERACE^E. 913

P. freireeefolium Hochst. in PL Schimp. Abyss, iii. n. 1942 (U. i.,
1844). Peperomia Vogelii Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv.
p. 413 (1845). P. freirecefolia A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 274
(1851). P. exigua, p. freireifolia C. DC., I.e., p. 403.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A glassy -brittle herblet ; stem pellucid, semi-
cylindrical, marked with two wings due to the decurrent bases of the
leaves ; one stamen seen to be exserted ; fruit globose-ovoid, borne on
a bract. By damp rocks close to the stream Casalale to the south-west
of the presidium, in masses : fl. middle of Jan. 1857. No. 503.

3. P. Holstii C. DC. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb/xix. p. 226 (1894).

P. Fernandopoiana var. a. C. DC. in Journ. Bot. iv. p. 134
(1866). P. Fernandopoana, var. ft. subopacifolia C. DC. in DC.
Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 397 (1869).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A succulent, brittle, dependent-ascending herb ;
stem cylindrical, a little constricted at the nodes, fleshy, pale green.
or purplish, decumbent, rooting here and there ; leaves strongly
shining, fleshy, blackish green and with impressed nervation above,,
whitish-pallid and with raised nerves beneath : flowering spikes
greenish ; berries ashy-violet or violet-blackish. On very shady rocks
in Mata de Piingo in the presidium ; fl. and fr. March and middle of
May 1857. No. 505.

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. — In rather dense forests, at an elevation of
1800 ft., at Fazenda de Monte Caffe ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1860. No. 507.

CIX. MYRISTICACE^E.

1. MYRISTICA L. Gen. PL edit. 2, p. 524 (1742); Ludw.
Defin. Gen. PL, edit. Boehmer, p. 513 (1760); Benth. & Hook. f.
Gen. PL iii. p. 136.

Comacum Adans. Fam. PL ii. p. 345 (1763). Pycnanthus
Warb. Monogr. Myrist. p. 130 (1897), & in Berl. Ber. Pharmac.
Ges. 1892, p. 226. Staudtia Warb. Monogr. p. 128.

1. M. angolensis Welw. in Synopse Explic. p. 51, n. 137 (1862) ;
Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 246 (1884); Christy, New Commerc. PL
no. 8, p. 26 (1885).

MyristicctceaWelw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 150 (1 Feb. 1859),
& Apontam. p. 554 sub n. 115. M. Kombo Baill. Adansonia ix.
p. 79 (1868). M. microcephala Benth. in Hook. Ic. PL xiii. p. 48.
t. 1261 (1878) Pycnanthus microcephalus Warb. in Berl. Ber.
Pharmac. Ges., I.e. P. Kombo Warb. Monogr. p. 252, and
Muskatnuss, p. 374. t. 4, fig. 9 (1897), var. angolensis Warb.
Monogr. p. 257.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A vast, majestic tree, 30 to 80 or 100 or even 120
ft. high ; trunk reaching 3 to 5 ft. in diameter and more ; the head
ovoid, loosely branched ; branches patent ; the branchlets shining and
distichous ; leaves coriaceous, ferruginous-tomentose beneath, shining,
distichous ; flowers on the branchlets of 2 or 3 years' growth, below
the leaves, corymbosely clustered, apetalous, cinnamon-ferruginous or
dusky yellowish with a red-cinnamon tinge ; the male flowers are
arranged in large dense thyroid panicles and the whole panicles, and
not the separate flowers, fall together ; forming heaps on the ground
under the male trees, they resemble droppings of human ordure, hence

59

914 cix. MYRISTICACE.*. [Myristica

the negro name " Mutilje," or " Mutuge " or "Entuge," plural " Ma-
tuge " (dirt tree) ; peduncles almost always unilateral, or rather the
flowering branchlets are unilateral and secund ; berries ellipsoidal,
ribbed, when ripe bivalved, green, aromatic ; aril fleshy, of a pretty
rosy colour ; the segments vertically erect, here and there anastomosing
among themselves, strongly aromatic but very bitter ; seed red-dusky,
even when fresh readily inflammable and burning like tapers, abound-
ing in a volatile oil. In primitive forests in the Sobatos of Bango,
Quilombo, Bumbo, etc., plentiful ; fl. Jan. to March, fr. July and
August 1855 ; also a young branch at the Cuango river, June 1856.
No. 781 (581 in Herb. Kew.). In secondary woods at the base of the
mountains of Serra de Alto Queta ; without fl. or fr., probably young
states of this tree. Nos. 782« (Nov. 1855), 7826 (May 1856), 782c
and 782d (June 1856). In the Mata Grande de Queta ; fr. end of
July. COLL. CARP. 881. At Sange ; in fr. COLL. CARP. 882.

This is the " Moscadeira Brava " (wild nutmeg tree) of Angola; both
the fruits and the nuts of this African species are smaller than those
of the Indian nutmeg, and cannot rival the latter in aroma ; but they
abound in oil, which in Welwitsch's opinion could be utilized for
various domestic purposes, and probably also in pharmacy ; the trees
are very productive, each one bears many alquiers (23 pints) of fruits
(see Welw. Synopse, I.e.). The Lichen n. 115 grew on this tree in the
presidium of Pungo Andongo in May 1857.

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. — In the primitive forests of Monte Gaffe', at an
elevation of 2000 ft. ; fr. without leaves or fl. Dec. 1860. COLL. CARP. 883.

According to a MS. note of Welwitsch, " Mucula-sucu " is the
Mutuge de Sange ; and in Sobato Bango it is called " Melevatango," or
" M-levatango." In St. Thomas it is called " Cachao," and is used to
make thin boards.

2. M. macrocarpa Welw. ex Christy, New Commerc. PI. No. 8,
p. 27 (1885) ; non Blume.

M. pterocarpa Welw. ex Warb. Monogr. Myrist. p. 243 (1897).
Staudtia pterocarpa Warb., I.e., and Muskatnuss, p. 386. t. iv. fig.
11 (1897). Brochoneura pterocarpa Warb., I.e., t. viii

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— A tall tree ; fruit quite 2£ to 3 in. long
by If to If in. in diameter, crustaceous-bivalved ; aril entirely
capsuliform, thickly fleshy-coriaceous, at length deliquescent, bright
scarlet, truncate at the mouth. In the primitive forest : fr. Dec. 1860.
COLL. CARP. 884.

CX. LAURACE.E.

1. CINNAMOMUM Burm. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 155.

1. C. zeylanicum Blume, Biidr. Fl. Ned. Ind. (xi.l p. 568
(1825) ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 247 (1884).

Laurus Cinnamomum L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 369, n. 1 (1753).
Arbor Camlla zeilanica Breyn in Ephem. Acad. Nat. Cur., ann.
iv. & v. p. 139 (1676).

BARRA DE DANDE.— A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, with a widely
spreading head. Cultivated at the banks of the river Dande near
Bombo by Senhor Antonio Dias ; fl. fallen Sept. 1858. Introduced
from the Island of St. Thomas. No. 6431.

PRINCE'S ISLAND.— Cultivated and almost wild ; fl. Sept. 1853. Fr.
seen in the mountainous parts of the island. No. 6430.

Persea] ex. LAURACE^E. 915

2. PERSEA Plum. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 156.

1. P. gratissima Gaertn. f. Suppl. Carpol. p. 222. t. 221 (1807) ;
Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 247 (1884) ; Henriques, Bol. Soc. Brot. x.
p. 155 (1893).

ISLAND OP ST. THOMAS. — A handsome evergreen tree of moderate
height ; fruit like a large pear in size and shape : seed large, egg-shaped,
embedded in sweet-acidulous pulp. Cultivated on Monte Gaffe, about
2000 ft. alt. ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1860. Formerly introduced from Brazil
and thriving well ; called " Abocate " or " Avacate," the alligator pear
of the English. No. 6429.

3. CASSYTHA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 164.

1. C. filifonnis L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 35 (1753).

Cassyta Guineensis Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Vid. Selsk iii.
p. 219 (1828).

SIERRA LEONE. — In wooded mountainous places about Freetown,
plentiful ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 6426.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A climbing-twining plant, very densely covering
the heads of trees and shrubs, as for instance " Muxillo-Xillo " (cf .
Vitex Cienkowskii Kotsch. & Peyr.) and " Musu§u " (cf . Gigalobium
abyssinicum), with coriacous tenacious golden-saffron, or like an egg-
yolk in colour ; flowers pale yellow ; bracteoles at the base of the
flowers about 3 ; style firm, acutely trigonous ; fruit scarcely becoming
baccate ; seeds with their outer coat horny-hard and thick, and thin
inner coat membranous and whitish. By the banks of the river Cuanza
in Sobato de Cavallo, 20 geographical miles distant from the presidium
eastwards, sporadic but where present covering the broad heads of
shrubs and trees with a golden yellow colour ; fl. and fr. 30 Jan. 1857.
No. 6428- On various trees close to the river Cuanza, between Condo
and Quisonde, sporadic ; fl. and fr. 12 March 1857 ; also at Candambe
near Sansamanda, plentiful ; fl. and fr. No. 6427.

BENGUELLA. — In small maritime woods near the city of Benguella,
parasitical on Acacia trees (cf. A. etbaica Schweinf. ; Welw. herb. no.
1819), towards the river Catumbella ; fl.-bud June 1859. No. 6424.

MOSSAMEDES. — A shrublet or at least it might be called an under-
shrub, climbing far and wide and to a great height, green-yellow or
bright orange ; flowers always yellowish ; berries greenish-yellow,
hard. In thickets close to the banks of the rivers Bero and Giraul,
ubiquitous, not uncommonly completely investing and overcoming
species of Acacia and Tamarix (cf. A. albida Del., Welw. herb. no.
1824 ; and T. orientalis Forsk., Welw. herb. no. 1086) ; by the river
Bero, July ; by the Giraul 19 July 1859 ; fl. and fr. No. 6425.

4. HERNANDIA Plum., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 164.

1. H. beninensis Welw. ex Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 247 (1884) ;
Henriques, Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 155 (1893).

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. — Leaves spuriously quinquenerved or sub-
palmatinerved, subpeltate or obliquely seated on the petiole which is
attached a little within the blade ; flower-buds compact, somewhat
fleshy, greenish white ; male flowers constantly trimerous ; the female
flower intermediate. In the mountainous parts of the island, at an
elevation of 1800 feet on Monte Caffd ; fl.-bud Dec. 1860. Negro
name " Bunga." No. 1240.

916 CXI. PROTEACE.E.

CXI. PROTEACE^R.

Two suffruticose species of Leucadendron L. occur in Angola
proper ; they grow in great abundance, forming broad clumps
on the' rather dry hills and at the outskirts of forests in the
neighbourhood of the great cataract of the river Cuanza from
Bumba to near Quisonde ; a third species, which is a small tree,
was met with in the forests of Pedras de Guinga, but without
flower or fruit ; all the three species were found within the limits
of an hour and a half's walk between Bumba and Condo, and
there remained not the least trace of Proteaceae elsewhere
throughout the whole plateau of Angola proper.

The Proteaceae of Huilla are all with one exception very local
and restricted to very limited districts ; the species of Faurea were
seen in a very few stations and were represented by only few
specimens, with the exception of F. saligna Harv. ; during Wel-
witsch's frequent excursions, extending over eight months, across
the wide highland plateau of Huilla, which is dotted with numerous
mountain forests, he found only ten or twelve trees of one species
of Leucadendron ; and a similar statement applies to a species of
Faurea with leaves glaucous beneath.

With reference to the peculiar geographical distribution of this
Family in South Africa, Burchell remarked (Travels, i. p. 208)
that on entering the Karro region, about 32° 40' S. Lat., " four
of the strongest and most characteristic features of Cape botany,
the Ericse, the Diosmae, and the Proteaceous and Restiaceous
tribes entirely disappeared," and that again seven degrees farther
north Protea argentea L., the " wagenboom " of the Cape colonists,
or at least a nearly related species, reappeared, although in the
whole of the intervening country, where he botanized for two
years, " this genus and several others which characterize the
botany of the Cape were nowhere to be seen " (Burchell, I.e., ii.
p. 475) ; Dr. Kirk reported only one Proteacea from the whole
of Zambesia.

In his letter addressed to Alph. de Candolle (in Archiv. Sc.
Phys. Geneve, July 1861, p. 11), Welwitsch showed that his
discoveries led to the conclusion that on the west side of Africa
the Cape flora extends towards the north, but that on the east
side the tropical flora extends southwards towards the Cape;
these observations thus confirmed the somewhat similar view of
Drege in Flora, 1843, Besond. Beig. ii. pp. 19, 20.

In Welwitsch's opinion Proteacese are intimately related to
Loranthaceae ; compare the perianth of Faurea discolor Welw. ;
Loranthaceae, indeed, seem to be merely parasitical Proteacea.
The scales or bracts subtending each flower in certain species of
Faurea are really cupuliform, and are fixed on the rachis of the
spike like an external calyx, possibly analogous to a corresponding
condition in Tricalysia (Rubiaceae). The hairs or beards of
Proteaceae are very changeable in colour; they are sometimes

Leucadendron] cxi. PROTEACE^E. QlY

however constant, and indeed in one species, namely Faurea
saligna Harv., the beard on the pistil sometimes remains white,
while in other cases it turns tawny or rufous. The marginate
condition of the leaves or otherwise is frequently a bad character
and difficult to distinguish. The limb of the perianth in some
species is circumscissile and. deciduous.

See Welw. Apontam. p. 548. n. 80, and p. 579. nota 9 (1859).

In Huilla the Proteaceae are held in high esteem for firewood,
and Welwitsch from his own experience confirmed their reputation.

1. LEUCADENDRON L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 91 (1753), partly ;
non R. Br. (1810) ; nee Salisb. (1807).

Lepidocarpus Adans. Fam. PI. ii. p. 284 (1763). Protea R. Br. ;
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 169 ; non L. (1753).

1. L. angolense.

Protea Angolensis Welw. Apontam. p. 586. n. 30 (1859)
(Protcea); Engl. Hochgebirgsflora, p. 196 (1892).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An undershrub, 1| ft. high ; stems numerous
from the polycephalous rootstock, straight or oblique, simple, one-
headed, glabrous, greenish, sub-glaucescent ; leaves glabrous, greenish,
sub-glaucescent, acutely hyaline on the margin ; head shortly turbinate
at the base ; the scales at first more or less silky-pubescent, soon
glabrate, dusky reddish, the inner ones elongated, rather longer than
the calyx, spathulate, densely silky-tomentellous from the base to the
middle ; calyx 2£ in. long, the laminae an inch long and bearded ; style
a little longer than the calyx ; stigma almost £ in. long, sigmoid at the
base, gibbous. In wooded places among low bushes, near Banza de
Bumba and Condo, at an elevation of 3500 feet, plentiful ; fl. and
young fr. end of March 1857. No. 1590. Leaves pale green ; flowers
from whitish to rosy. At the outskirts of Leguminosse forests (cf.
Pterocarpus), the soil having a substratum of sandy schist, near the
Condo cataract, at an elevation of 3400 feet, sporadic ; fl. March 1857.
A broad-leaved form. No. 1590&. An undershrub, 2 ft. high ; stems
casspitose ; flowers white, the involucres purplish. In thickets near
Bumba (Songo Condo), at 4000 feet altitude ; fr. March 1857. COLL.
CARP. 887. At Condo ; fr March 1857. COLL. CARP. 888.

HUILLA. — A small tree, 6 to 8 or rarely 10 ft. high ; trunk 3 to 4 in.
in diameter, erect, loosely branched at the apex ; leaves hard, coriaceous,
rigid, glaucous-green ; scales of the involucre velvety or silky-hoary or
silky-pubescent, at length sometimes glabrate on the back and margin,
the lower ones greenish, the upper ones white at the base and rosy at
the apex, very rigid ; flowers whitish ; perianth-segments white, woolly,
§ to I in. long or rarely longer ; style whitish, 2^ in. long, but little
thickened at the base ; stigma ^ in. long, sigmoidly curved at the base ;
coma of the fruit rufous-ferruginous, softly silky. At the outskirts of
rather open forests, on sandy mould, at the river Monino ; fl. and f r.
Feb. 1860. No. 1598. A tree, 7 to 9 ft. high ; trunk straight ; flowers
white, woolly ; involucral scales whitish-rosy. In light forests close
to the river Monino ; fl. beginning of March 1860 ; fr. May 1860.
COLL. CARP. 18. In the Monino forests; fr. April 1860. COLL.
CARP. 892.

The specimens from Pungo Andongo appear to be dwarf forms of
the species. The Fungus n. 154 grew on the leaves at Bumba in
March 1857.

918 cxi. PROTEACEjE. [Leucadendron

2. L. micans.

Protea micans Welw., I.e., n. 31.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A widely caespitose undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high
and more ; rootstock hard-woody, polycephalous ; stems numerous,
simple or rarely forked at the apex, shaggy ; leaves lanceolate, some-
what rigid, silky-hoary in the living state with long adpressed whitish
remarkably glistening hairs, crowded, subsessile ; flowers apparently
white-rosy, not seen fresh ; heads sessile among leaves longer than
themselves ; perianth elongated. In hilly places among low bushes near
Bumba, between Quisonde and Condo, in company with L. angolense,
seen only in one spot ; fr. March 1857. No. 1689 and COLL. CARP. 889.

This and the last are the first two species mentioned by Welwitsch,
Apontam. p. 579, note 9, and p. 548, n. 80.

3. L. Welwitschii.

Protea Welwitschii Engl. Hochgebirgsflora, p. 196 (1892).

HUILLA. — A small tree, 12 to 20 ft. high or rarely more ; trunk
nearly a foot in diameter at the base ; branches spreading, naked
below, ramulose and leafy towards the apex ; flowers white ; perianth
If in. long, hirsute or pilose with white hairs throughout ; the lobes
f to £ in. long, linear-oblong, not aristate at the apex but subulately
cucullate-corniculate with the little horns concealed among the hairs ;
the lip 3-lobed, densely and equally pilose on the whole of the outside
including the middle of the back ; anthers shorter scarcely by ^ in.
than the perianth-lobes, apiculate, the apiculus consisting of a tolerably
large ovoid or elongated -ovoid erect brown somewhat fleshy obtuse
gland ; anther-cells found empty in the bud, having dehisced and
already shed their pollen ; style glabrous, 2T^ to 2^ in. long, slender,
somewhat compressed, furrowed in places, not or but little dilated in
the middle, curved a little above the base, above the middle curved
equally in the contrary direction, so as on the whole to describe as it
were an elongated sigmoid bend ; stigma about f in. long, slender,
gradually narrowed upwards, somewhat obtusely clavate-thickened at
the apex. In one flower the tri-lobed lip of the perianth was some-
what callous on the middle of the back, where appeared an obscure
thick nerve. In the more open very mixed forests on a sandy clay
soil, at No Monino near Lopollo, and at Quilengues ; fl. Feb. and end
of March 1 860, plentiful. No. 1600. A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; trunk
8 in. in diameter at the base ; ramification somewhat lax ; leaves dis-
posed towards the tips of the branchlets, somewhat glabrous ; flowers
white, rather rarely rosy ; perianth-segments all 4 densely white-shaggy,
not tawny-silky on the back ; involucral scales obtuse, silky-shaggy on
the margin. In the Monino forests behind Lopollo, on a sandy clay or
mould, plentiful ; fl. Feb. to April 1860. A glabrate f orm. No. 1602.
In the sunny rocky parts of open mixed forests on a sandy clay soil be-
tween Lopollo and the Monino, sporadic. A half-naked form. No. 1604.

The young plants appear to be very different in indumentum from
the adult trees ; they are often nearly tomentose and subsequently
silky-shaggy ; the leaves also are much narrower and more acute.
Welwitsch noticed individuals on which one branchlet bore quite
glabrous and another branchlet quite shaggy foliage.

The following two Nos., without flowers or fruits, should be
compared with this species: —

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A little tree, about 10 ft. high ; trunk straight,
l\ ft. in diameter at the base ; branches long, erect-patent ;

Leucadendron\ cxi. PROTEACE^E. 919

branchlets distant ; leaves coriaceous, rigid, greenish, glaucescent,
glabrous on both faces. In an elevated forest, about 3500 ft. eleva-
tion, near Pedras de Guinga, very rare ; fl. March 1857. No. 1591.

This is the third species of the genus mentioned by Welwitsch,
Apontam. p. 579, Note 9, and p. 548, n. 80.

HTJILLA. — A shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high, erect, sparingly branched ;
branches erect-spreading ; probably a young tree. In a hot mixed
forest from Catumba towards Hay ; March 1860. No. 1603.

4. L. leucoblepharum, Hiern, sp. n.

A small tree, 12 to 15 ft. high; crown very lax; branches
rambling, ascending, dusky, glabrate ; branchlets pubescent and
densely leafy at the tip ; leaves oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
more or less obtuse at the apex, wedge-shaped at the subsessile
base, straight or subfalcate, pilose or both faces with sparse
hyaline glistening rather long adpressed hairs, membranous-
herbaceous, somewhat rigid, not coriaceous, spreading, ciliate on
the white sub-membranous entire margin, 4 to 6 in. long by f to
1 in. broad ; midrib whitish-rosy or yellowish, evanescent toward
the apex of the leaf ; flower-heads solitary at the apex of the
branches of the previous year or accompanied by one or two
lateral heads, obovoid-turbinate, about 2 in. long and broad ;
flowers rosy ; involucral scales rosy, adpressed ; the outer ones
broadly ovate, silky-tomentose on the back, very obtuse, densely
ciliate with a whitish cottony margin ; the inner ones elongated,
spathulate, about as long as the flowers, partly glabrate, bearded
at the apex with rather long white hairs; perianth li to l§in.
long, densely shaggy nearly throughout with spreading or some-
what adpressed hairs ; the lobes ^ 'to § in. long, linear, not aristate,
in a hooded manner shortly corniculate with the little horns con-
cealed by hairs, the intermediate one of the 3-lobed lip not shaggy
but slightly pubescent or nearly bald on the back, rosy and
without a nerve ; anthers about i in. long, shorter than the
perianth ; style naked, 1^ 'to If in. long, white, but little com-
pressed-dilated in the middle, unisulcate especially toward the
base, slightly curved under the stigma ; stigma ^ to -^ in. long,
obtuse and subclavate at the tip, somewhat furrowed, sometimes
gibbous at the base.

HUILLA. — In the more open of the Monino forests, sporadic ; fl. end
of Feb. I860. No. 1599. In the open mixed forests between Lopollo
and the Monino, in company with other forms of this or allied species ;
fl. Feb. 1860. A form with broader and glabrate leaves, probably of
this species. No. 1601.

Nearly related to L. Wdwitschii, but differs by the cottony margins
of the involucral scales and the less hirsute character of the intermediate
lobe of the perianth-lip.

Welwitsch thought that this tree might be Protect, abyssinica Willd.,
the Abyssinian name of which is " Gunguedi " ; he noted that the
species, which is not rare in the mountainous part of the highland
plateau of Huilla, is not there known by this name.

5. L. paludosum.

Protea paludosa Welw. ex Engl., I.e., p. 196, name only.

920 cxi, PROTEACE^E. [Leucodendron

A shrublet, | to U ft. high ; stems decumbent, densely leafy
throughout, often almost hidden among grasses, shaggy, rather
slender and wiry; leaves linear-oblong, mostly obtuse or sub-
apiculate at the apex, obtuse sessile and but little narrowed at
the base, coriaceous, rigid, thinly pilose on both faces, ciliate or
ciliolate on the quite entire margin, 1 to 2| in. long by £ to f in.
broad ; heads of flowers very large in comparison with the size
of the plant, handsome, turbinate, fixed at a right angle to the
erect stems at the apex ; involucral scales from whitish rosy to
rosy purple, more or less obtuse, white-ciliate on the margin, the
outer ones short ovate whitish at length dusky red and longi-
tudinally plurisulcate-striate, the inner ones linear-spathulate or
lanceolate erect much longer than the perianth and ranging up
to 2| in. long ; perianth densely shaggy with white spreading
hairs, snow-white, H in. long or rather more; the segments
exaristate, I in. long" shortly subulate-apiculate ; anthers \ in.
long or rather more, linear, glabrous ; pistil 2 in. long ; ovary
densely pilose with long stiff strong hairs, about \ in. long ; style
glabrous, tapering, about H in. long; stigma \ in. long, glabrous,
narrow, truncate, capitellate at the apex.

HUILLA. — On the wooded spongy slopes of pastures at an elevation
of 5200 to 5500 ft., in Morro de Lopollo, Feb. and March 1860, in
company with species of terrestrial Utricularia, Xyris, and Eriocau-
lonese ; fl. Feb. and March 1860. No. 1596. A dwarf, decumbent
undershrub ; heads comparatively very large, with white flowers. In
damp wooded pastures, above 5200 ft. of elevation; fr. May 1860.
COLL. CARP. 121 and 895. In marshy very elevated meadows in
Morro de Lopollo ; fr. May 1860. COLL. CARP. 894. In Morro de
Lopollo ; fr. Perhaps this species COLL. CARP. 893.

6. L. petiolare.

Protect petiolaris Welw. ex Engl., I.e., p. 197.

A tree, 12 to 20 ft. high ; trunk i to li ft. in diameter at the
base; crown obovoid-hemispherical, dilated, with spreading
rambling glabrate branches; branchlets puberulous or shaggy,
densely leafy ; leaves oblanceolate or narrowly elliptical, obtusely
narrowed at the apex, attenuate at the base, rigidly coriaceous,
glabrous, narrowly and acutely margined, petiolate, 3 to 6 in.
long (including the petiole of \ to 1^ in.) by \ to £ in. broad,
subfalcate, venulose on both faces ; heads of flowers numerous,
more or less obliquely placed at the ends of the branchlets, globose,
whitish-rosy, handsome, almost hidden by the leaves ; involucral
scales glabrous or adpressedly silky or ciliolate, the outer ones
short ovate or semicircular, the inner ones narrowly obovate-
oblong, ranging up to 2| in. long, longer than or equalling the
perianth ; perianth li to 2| in. long, partly shaggy at the back
with long pilose hairs, the limb \ to £ in. long, quite glabrous or
obsoletely and sparingly bearded at the apex ; anthers \ in. long ;
style If in. long, glabrous, straight but at the insertion of the
stigma slightly sigmoid ; stigma i in. long, capitellate.

HUILLA.— In open forests, on a sandy mould, in Morro de Lopollo,

Leucadendron] cxi. PROTEACE.E. 921

above 5600 ft. of elevation ; fl. April 1860. No. 1597. Forming
little woods between Huilla and the Monino ; fl. and fr. Nov 1859 and
Jan. 1860, COLL. CARP. 890.

2. FAUKEA Harv. (1847) ; Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii.
p. 62 (1869) : Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 170.

Trichostachys Welw. Synopse Explic. p. 19. n. 46 (1862).

1. F. saligna Harv. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 373.
t. 15 (1847); Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 65 (1869);
Engl. Hochgebirgsflora, p. 195 (1892).

HUILLA. — A robust shrub, resembling a willow in habit, about 8 ft.
high ; branches sparse and rambling, as well as the branchlets red-
purplish or blood-red ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, subfalcate, 4 to
10 times as long as broad, acute, apiculate, attenuate at the base into
ihe petiole, coriaceous, somewhat hard and shining ; inflorescence
terminal, flowers in long spikes, pale yellowish, marcescent, each borne
on a broad concave obtuse bract ; perianth thinly coriaceous, somewhat
rigid, tubular, cleft down to a little above the base, the tube flattened
and curved inwards, the limb with 3 spathulate cohering lobes and
with one lobe free and spreading ; stamens 4, inserted a little below
the apical concavity of the perianth-lobes ; filaments dilated, distinct ;
anthers quasi-impressed on the apical concavity of the perianth-lobes,
all equal and fertile ; hypogynous scales 4, ovate-triangular, pale
yellowish, distantly free, adnate to the base of the perianth-tube
inside ; ovary free, 1-celled, 1-ovuled ; style filiform, moderately curved
upwards; stigma thicker than the style, cylindrical-clavate, rather
obtuse ; fruit bearded ; the beard white, turning yellow-dusky or
tawny after drying, sometimes remaining white. In the mixed Monino
forests, by the stream and in the Monino river itself ; frequent by
clear streams and at cataracts, usually associated with Eugenia (cf.
E. guineensis, var. huillensis ; Welw. herb. no. 4403) and willows (cf.
Salix subserrata Willd. ; Welw. herb. nos. 6332, 6333), about Lopollo ;
fl. from Nov. to Feb. and again in April and May ; fr. May 1860 ; in
several places but nowhere abundant ; often mutilated by the flood
waters. No. 1592. A willow-like tree, 12 to 15ft. high, with glaucous
foliage. Huilla ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1859. COLL. CARP. 891.

Var. platyphylla Welw. ms. in herb.

Leaves broader, 1 to 1^ in. broad; petioles shorter, ~ to ^ in. long.

HUILLA. — A small tree, 8 to 25 ft. high with rambling branches and
a very lax crown, or of tener lower shrubby and barren ; leaves some-
what rigid and on both faces glossy ; flowers yellowish, sometimes
resembling those of a Loranthus. In the denser and more elevated
damp forests at the base of Morro de Monino, near Lopollo ; sparingly ;
fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 1593-

2. F. discolor Welw., I.e., p. 64 ; Engl., I.e.

HUILLA. — A shrub 6 to 8 ft. high or occasionally tree-like ; leaves
constantly discolorous, more or less lanceolate, acute, apiculate,
delicately tomentose-hoary on both faces ; the young ones less
tomentose on both faces, hoary-pubescent above, afterwards glabrescent
above ; the adult ones shortly but densely hoary-tomentose also
beneath ; hypogynous scales ovate-deltoid, acute. In mixed sandy
woods, composed chiefly of Ccesalpiniece (cf. Peltophorum africanum
Sond. ; Welw. Coll. Carp. 41), Parinari (cf. P. Mobola Oliv. ; Welw.

922 cxi. FROTEACEjE. [Faurca

no. 1282), Combretum (cf. C. psidioides ; Welw. herb. no. 4379), Eugenia
(cf. E. guineensis, var. huillensis ; Welw. herb. no. 4403), and Leuca-
dendron (cf. L. leucoblepharum, Welw. herb. no. 1601), between Lopollo
and Nene; sparingly: fl.-bud end of Feb. 1860; fl. and young fr.
April 1860. No. 1594.

Var. cyclolepra.

Hypogynous scales rounded, obtuse, subsemicircular, short.

HUILLA.— A sparingly branched little tree, 8 ft. high, with a very
lax crown. In bushy rocky places near Nene, very sporadic ; fl.
beginning of May 1860. No. 1595.

Fungus n. 126 grew on the leaves of this plant at Lopollo in
May 1860.

3. F. speciosa Welw., I.e., p. 63, t. 20 ; Eng., I.e. ; Ficalho, PI.
TJteis, p. 248 (1884).

Trichostachys speciosa Welw. Synopse Explic. p. 19. n. 46 (1862),
and in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 94 (1869).

HUILLA.— A very handsome tree, 10 to 12 ft. high, rarely 15 to 20 ft. ;
trunk 6 to 8 in. in diameter at the base, in former times thicker as
might be seen from the old remains ; the bark much cracked ; flowers
orange-yellow. In the more elevated wooded rocky places among tall
bushes and in open woods, between Lopollo and Humpata, sporadic ;
fl. and young fr. April 1860. No. 1622. A tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ;
trunk 12 to 15 in. in diameter. In mountainous forests near Lopollo,
at an elevation of 5600 to 6000 ft. ; fr. May 1860. COLL, CARP. 896.

Var. lanuginosa.

Leaves equally woolly-tomentose on both faces, obtuse.

HUILLA.— A tree, 8 to 10 ft. high, with the habit of some
Combretaceae ; flowers orange-yellow. In small open woods very
badly mutilated by shepherds, near Nene ; in late fl. beginning of May
1860. No. 16226.

Var. acutifolia Welw. ms. in herb.

Leaves rather acute.

HUILLA.— A tree-like shrub, with rambling and sparse branches and
orange-coloured flowers. In the drier mixed forests between Erne and
the lake Ivantala, sporadic and rather rare ; fl, and young fr. end of
April 1860. No. 1623.

Var. lucidula Welw. ms. in herb.

Leaves rather glossy, obtuse.

HUILLA.— A tree-like shrub, 7 ft. high, with rambling branches and
orange-yellowish flowers. In mixed rather dense forests between
Mumpulla and Cume da Xella, at an elevation of about 4000 ft.,
sporadic and rather rare ; in early fl. beginning of June 1860.
No. 1624.

CXII. THYMELuEACE^.

1. GNIDIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 197.

Lasiosiphon Fresen. (1838) ; Benth. & Hook, f., I.e. Arthrosolen
C. A. Mey. (1843); Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 193. Gnidiopsis
Van Tiegh. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xl. p. 75 (1893).

1. G. involucrata Steud. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, ii. n. 770 (U. t.r

Gnidia] cxu. THYMEL,EACE.E. 923

1842) ; A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 234 (1851); Engl. Hochgebirgs-
flora, p. 309 (1892).

HUILLA. — A slender shrublet, 3 to 4 ft. high ; stem erect ; branchlets
very numerous, densely leafy, many-flowered ; leaves glaucous ; flowers
deep yellow, the involucres dusky orange, at length dusky black. In
thin forests from Monino towards Quilengues ; fr. and few fl. April
1860. No. 6481. An erect, much-branched undershrub, woody at the
base. In wooded places at the river Monino in the Quilengues country ;
fr. April 1860. COLL. CARP. 886.

2. G. fulgens Welw. Apontam. p. 548 sub n. 79 (1859)
(fulgene) ; Britten, Journ. Bot. xxxiii. p. 75 (March 1895).

Gnidia sp., Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii. p. 155 (1 Feb. 1859).

A rigid herb, 1 to 1^ ft. high ; rootstock thick, woody, poly-
cephalous, perennial ; stems numerous, erect or ascending, sub-
virgate, more or less branched, glabrous, glaucescent ; branches
erect or ascending, glabrous, densely leafy ; leaves alternate or
crowded, sub-linear, acute at the apex, somewhat narrowed to
the sessile base, glabrous, glaucescent, somewhat rigid, suberect
or slightly diverging, ^ to f in. long by ^ to -^ in. broad ;
flowers about f in. long, tetramerous, brilliantly scarlet, about
20 together arranged in terminal involucrate heads; peduncles
bare of leaves, f to 1 in. long, erect ; involucral leaves 6, oval,
obtuse at both ends, sessile, imbricate, glabrous or minutely
glandular-scaly, striate-nerved, a little coloured about the apex
and upper part of the margin, ^ in. long by ^ to 4 in. broad ;
perianth-tube about i inch long, often somewhat flexuous, clothed
outside with white long or woolly hairs, glabrous inside, breaking
across the middle ; the lobes of the limb obovate, rounded at the
apex, about i in. long ; scales 0 ; stamens 8, in two rows, glabrous,
all included and reaching the same height, the upper 4 on short
filaments opposite the perianth lobes and inserted a little below
the throat, the lower 4 on longer filaments alternating with the
others and inserted a little above the middle of the perianth-tube ;
style included, glabrous, falling short of the stamens.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — At Mutollo, very rare, fl. Jan. 1857 ; also in
marshy meadows near Sobato N-billa, plentiful, fl. March 1857.
No. 6483.

3. G. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, rigid shrublet or undershrub or almost a shrub,
1 to 3 feet high, rootstock thick, woody ; stems numerous, erect
or ascending, simple or branched near the base, or sparingly
branched above, glabrous, virgate; branches strict or erect,
glabrous, leafy ; leaves alternate or crowded, linear, acute or
pointed at the apex, somewhat narrowed at the subsessile base,
rigid, erect or suberect, glabrous, ^ to £ in. long by -^ to ^
in. broad ; flowers scarcely \ in. long, tetramerous, brilliantly
vermilion or scarlet, about 24 together arranged in terminal
involucrate heads, shortly pedicellate ; peduncles bare of leaves,
very short, erect ; involucral leaves about 8, oval-obovate, obtuse
or mucronate at the apex, somewhat narrowed towards the

924 cxii. THYMELJSACE^:. [Gnidia

obtuse base, coloured orange or reddish, glabrous or minutely
glandular-dotted, striate-nerved, ^ in. long by ^ to % in. broad;
pedicels rather thick, bearded at the apex ; perianth-tube slender,
about ^ in. long, puberulous with short hairs outside, glabrous
inside, breaking across below the middle ; the lobes of the limb
broadly ovate, obtuse, TV in. long, pilose at the back ; scales
short, inserted at the perianth-throat ; stamens 8, in two rows,
glabrous, subsessile ; the upper 4 opposite the perianth- lobes
inserted near the throat and with the tips of the anthers just
exserted, the lower 4 alternating with the others inserted above
the middle of the perianth-tube and with smaller anthers ; style
apparently very short ; fruit sub-ellipsoidal, obtusely somewhat
prolonged at the apex, y1^ in. long, glabrous, surrounded at the
base by the dense beard of the pedicel.

HCILLA. — In bushy pastures between Lopollo and Humpata, also
in the open rather dry Monino forests, very plentiful ; fl. Jan. to
April ; fr. April 1860. No. 6482. In sunny wooded places at the
river Monino and near Lopollo ; fr. April 1860. COLL. CARP. 15. A
very brilliant species.

4. G. Eendlei Hiern, sp. n.

A low shrublet ; rootstock woody ; stems prostrate or oblique,
woody below, slender and wiry towards the extremities and
branches, glabrous ; branches densely leafy, prostrate or ascending ;
leaves linear or nearly so, approximated, subacute or pointed at
the apex, a little narrowed at the subsessile base, glaucous-green,
somewhat rigid, | to f in. long by ^ to ^ in. broad ; flowers
bright orange in colour, brilliant, quickly withering, marcescent,
about 20 to 25 together crowded in sessile or subsessile involucrate
upturned heads which terminate the branches or short lateral
shoots ; pedicels very short, rather thick, pilose at least at the
apex ; involucral bracts 6, obovate-oblong, sessile and obtuse at
the base, apiculate at the obtuse apex, glabrous, striate-nerved,
i in. long by | in. broad ; perianth tetramerous, £ to | in. long ;
the tube slender, pilose outside with white woolly hairs, glabrous
inside, breaking transversely below the middle ; the lobes roundly
ovate, TV in. long ; scales at the throat 0 or obsolete ; stamens 8,
in two rows, the upper 4 opposite the perianth-lobes inserted just
below the throat and with the upper part of the anthers exserted,
the lower 4 alternating with the others inserted above the middle
of the tube and with smaller wholly included anthers ; filaments
very short ; style short, included in the perianth-tube below its
transverse fracture, glabrous.

HUILLA.— In hilly places where the mould is mixed with sand,
among low bushes between Mumpulla and Nene, plentiful, in company
with species of Thesium (cf. T. lopollense ; Welw. herb. no. 6437) and
Acanthacea; (cf. Thunbergia angolensis S. Moore ; Welw. herb. no.
5037) ; fl end of Oct. 1859. No. 6478- In hilly rocky sunny places
among short bushes, between Lopollo and Catumba, rather rare ; fl.
and young fr. end of Nov. 1859. No. 6477.

Clutia benguelensis Muell. Arg., Welw. herb. no. 338, in rocky

Gnidia] cxn. THYMEL.EACE.E. 925

thickets near Mumpulla in Oct. 1859, grew in company with a Gnidia,
probably this species.

5. G. Hoepfneriana Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 268
(21 Aug. 1894).

Lasiosiphon Hoepfnerianus Vatke ex Gilg, I.e.

HUILLA. — Perianth pentamerous, sulphur in colour. In dry bushy
sandy-earthy places between Mumpulla and Lopollo, plentiful ; fl.
Oct. and Nov. 1859. No. 6479. An undershrub, with erect sparingly
branched stems and yellow flowers ; fr. Nov. 1859. COLL. CARP. 885.
An erect undershrub, 1 to 2 ft. high ; stems several from a big rhizome,
sparingly branched ; flowers seen only in a withered condition having
apparently been yellow ; heads in fruit thick. In rocky bushy pastures
near Mumpulla, sporadic ; late fl. and in fr. end of Oct. 1859. No. 6476.

The following No. is apparently an undescribed species of
Gnidia, related to Arthrosolen flavus Rendle : —

HUILLA. — Stems several from a woody rootstock, suberect, glabrous,
leafy, simple below, branched above ; branches erect, leafy, glaucescent ;
leaves oblanceolate, very obtuse at the apex, narrowed to an obtuse
shortly petiolate base, glabrous, glaucescent, f to 1J in. long by T\f to ^
in. broad ; fruiting peduncle nearly 3 in. long, erect, very sparingly
pilose, nearly glabrate, dusky in the dry state ; involucral leaves about
4, broad, dusky when dry, nearly glabrate ; pedicels short, hispid with
long white erect hairs at the apex. In hilly bushy places about the
lake of Ivantala ; after the fall of the fr. Feb. 1860. No. 6480.

CXIII. LORANTHACE^.

The number of species and also that of individuals of the same
species increase progressively from the sea coast towards the
highlands of the interior, and culminate in the mountainous
forests of the districts of Pungo Andongo and Huilla at an
elevation between 4000 and 6000 feet.

Nearly all the species are erect or more or less spreading shrubs
from 1 to 2| ft. high, but one species forms a pendulous shrub
with slender branches 4 to 6 ft. long. Most of the species of
Loranthus as well as the single species of Viscum grow on the
lower or higher or even on the top branches of evergreen trees,
and less frequently on deciduous trees ; only a few brilliantly
flowering species occur in the torrid and treeless coast region,
at the base of low shrubs of Malvaceae and Petalidium very
much in the same manner as Cytinus Hypocistus L. grows on
Cistus on the sandy plains of Portugal ; sometimes in the hot
littoral region a beautiful Loranthus is met with growing, not at
the base, but on the middle branches, or even on the main stem
of low slender twiggy shrubs, and in such cases the combination
of the bright green and broad-leaved parasite and its gay crimson
flowers with the thinner and differently shaped foliage of the
foster plant, forms one of the most striking features of parasitic
vegetation along the sea coast of Benguella and Mossamedes ; for
instance, a small bush of Gossypium or allied genus, only 2 to 3 ft.
high, bore several stems of a pink-flowered Loranthus nearly a foot

926 CXIII. LORANTHACEjE.

long; and again several low shrubs of the intensely glaucous Tamarix
orientalis Forsk. had nearly all its principal branches decked with
dense patches of the splendid yellow flowers of another I^oranthus.
The majority of the species in Angola have brilliant pink or
scarlet flowers, but several have them golden or orange-coloured,
and nearly all produce a profusion of flowers. The principal
flowering season coincides in Angola with the spring, that is, from
September till November, but many of the finest species continue
their blooming almost throughout the summer, when they may
be seen not uncommonly covered with ripe fruits at the base,
while they are still in full flower at the top of the same branch.
The yellow-flowered kinds, however, seem to begin their season
much later, for several golden-blooming species open their flower
in June and July, which in Angola is the very middle of the dry
and cool winter. All the species have fleshy and rather broad
leaves and vary considerably in colour, being in some species dark
shining green, in others glaucous-green, and in a few species they
are covered with a grey tomentum. Although some evince a
decided preference for particular species of trees, not rarely the
same species of Loranthus is found growing on trees belonging to
quite different species or genera or even orders of plants ; the
pendulous Loranthus, however, was observed exclusively on a
Ficus, while the Viscum affected only the arborescent Composite
Tarchonanthus camploratus L.

The forest trees most frequently inhabited by Loranthaceae are
Adansonia digitata B. Juss., several of the larger trees of the
orders Leguminosse. Combretaceae, Sterculiacese, and Sapindacese, as
well as many of the various fig trees, while in the southern parts
of Benguella and near Cabo Negro many beautiful species of
Loranthus may be observed on Tamarix orientalis Forsk. ; on the
other hand a Loranthaceous parasite was never seen on trees
belonging to the orders Anonacese, Hypericaceae, Rutacese, or
Euphorbiacese, although each of these orders is rather copiously
represented by large and mostly evergreen trees in the forests of
the Angolan highlands. Scarlet-flowered species of Loranthus
were frequently seen to infest introduced trees, such as the
Orange, Lemon, and Ficus Carica L., and it seems that these
curious parasites emigrate with a kind of predilection from their
original habitations to neighbouring fruit trees ; on one occasion
a whole orchard of orange trees was invaded with a bloodred-
flowering Loranthus, and in another instance most of the trees
in a fig-plantation were covered with a grey-leaved and yellow-
flowering species ; it seems also that the nature of the sap of
the foster tree exercises little influence upon the vegetation of
Loranthaceae, for in several cases the same species grew with equal
vigour on Adansonia which has a watery juice as on fig-trees of
which the sap is milky and glutinous. This fact suggests the
possibility and even the facility of introducing these pretty
parasites into European gardens and conservatories, where they
would furnish with their graceful forms a pleasing variety and

Loranthus} cxm. LOEANTHACE^E. 927

contrast. The species of Loranthus mostly prefer partial shade,
while some like a denser shade and others again full light.
Welwitsch suggested that an attempt should be made to cultivate
the fine-flowered species of Loranthus on small orange or fig-trees ;
the berries could be easily introduced from the west coast of
Africa, or they might there, (say) in Sierra Leone or Lagos, be
planted on small species of Ficus, which these parasites especially
affect, and they might then be forwarded together with the
matrix in Wardian cases to Europe.

The most magnificent species of Loranthus are those which
grow on Acacia and Tamarix trees, on account of the great
contrast between the colour and foliage of the hosts and their
parasites : for instance, L. Gilgii about Lopollo on a species of
Acacia with yellow flower-heads and a fine pubescence, and
L. cinereus and L. Meyeri in Mossamedes on Tamarix orientalis
Forsk. Sometimes, though rarely, a Loranthus grew in large
masses on most of the trees of an extensive forest ; such an
occurrence was observed in February 1855, in Golungo Alto,
where a forest was covered as it were with a cherry-coloured
mat, all the tree-tops being overgrown with the richly coloured
flowers of a Loranthus.

See Welwitsch, Apontam. p. 553. n. 112 (1859), and in Gard.
Chron. 1871, p. 835 (1 July).

1. LORANTHUS VailL, L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 207.
Sycophila Welw. ex Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xli.
p. 485 (Sept. 1894). Acrostachys Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 504.
Agelanthus Van Tieghem, l.c., xlii. p. 246 (June 1895). Onco-
calyx Van Tieghem, I.e., xlii. p. 258 (June 1895). Phragmanthera
Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 261. Metula Van' Tieghem, I.e., p. 263.
Septimetula Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 266. Tapinanthus Van Tieghem,
I.e., p. 267. Acrostephanus Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 267.

1. L. combretoides Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtrag, p. 128
(1897).

Sycophila combretoides Welw. ex Van Tieghem, I.e., xli. p. 486.
L. Mannii, var. combretoideus Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 81 (16 Nov.
1894), non Oliv.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— Sarmentose-scandent, with the habit of a Com-
bretum ; branches 6 ft. long, hanging down and waving in garlands ;
flowers fleshy-coriaceous, yellowish, tetramerous, racemose; anthers
2-celled, the cells with several subsidiary cells, almost honeycombed.
On the island of Calemba, between Quisonde and Condo, in the river
Cuanza ; growing on the long pendulous sarmentose branches, scarcely
as thick as a finger, of Ficus pendula Welw. ex Van Tieghem., I.e.,
p. 486, Welw. herb. no. 6359 ; fl. March 1857. No. 4852.

2. L. Welwitschii Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p, 87, t. 1, fig. B. (16
Nov. 1894).

Oncocalyx Welwitschii Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. Er. xlii
p. 740 (1896).

MOSSAMEDES. — A shrublet, 1 to 2£ ft. high, branched from the base ;

928 cxiu. LORANTHACELE. [Loranthu*

branches patent, virgate, dusky-black ; leaves glaucou*, fleshy, brittle,
otate-lanceolate : flowers yellow ; perianth-tube whitish and inflated
at the base, above narrowed and green, then during the flowering
obliquely bent ; the lobes 5, yellow ; ovary green, narrowly ellipsoidal
and scarlet when ripe, one-seeded. By the rocky sides of the river
Bero, parasitical on the branches of Tamarix oriental™ Forsk. (see ante
p. 55) ; fl. and fr. end of July 1859. The swelling of the branchlet of
the matrix at the base of the attached parasite is nearly spherical, a»
large as a moderate-sized walnut, depressed, and very hard, though
juicy. No. 4883.

3. L. glaucocarpus Peyr. in Sitz. Akad. Wien, . xxxviii. p. 571
(1860), ex descript.

L. cistoides Welw. ex Engl., I.e., p. 103 ; Phragmanthera sp.,
Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xlii. p. 262 (June 1895).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An intricately branched shrublet, 1 to 3 ft. high.
whitish-tomentose throughout ; flowers of a wine-orange colour ; fruit
blue when ripe. On the small tree "Molulu " in Composite (cf. Vernonia
senegalemis Less. ; ante p. 528) and on Citrus Medico, L., frequent on
the latter ; fl. and young fr. end of Oct. 1856. No. 4848. A much-
branched shrublet, 1 to 3 ft. high, scaly-hoary throughout ; perianth-
tube from greenish to very pale yellow, tomentose outside, the lobes at
the apex spathulate and rosy purple. On various trees such as Citrus
Aurantium L., C. Medica L., Spondias Mombin L. (" Munguengue " ;
cf. Welw. Coll. Carp. 359), Gardenia (cf. Randia andongensix Hiern ;
Welw. herb. no. 3096), and on cultivated plants of Ficus Carica L. ;
far too abundantly infesting the presidium ; fl. middle of Jan. 1857.
Seen also on Dichroxtfichys platycarpa Welw. herb. no. 1797. No. 4847-

BENGUELLA. — In open sandy maritime forests near Benguella,
together with two other species of Lorantkus, parasitical on Cordia
(cf. ante, p. 713) ; fl.-bud June 1859. No. 4853.

MOSSAMEDES. — Flowers yellow, always veiny. By the banks of the
river Maiombo below Cazimba on the branchlets of Tamarix orientalis
Forsk. ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4857.

Welwitsch proposed to place this species in a new subsection of the
genus, with the character :— Flowers pentandrous, fasciculate 3 or 4 or
rarely more together, each flower provided with a leaf-like bract.

4. L. fulvus Engl., I.e.
Phragmanthera sp., Van Tiegh., I.e.

HUILLA.— A beautiful plant with orange-coloured flowers. In the
Monino forests, growing on Dodoncca viscosa Jacq. (Welw. herb. nos..
1691 and 1692 ; ante, p. 172) and on a Combretacea (cf. Combretum
holosericeum Sond. ; ante, p. 350 ; Welw. herb. no. 4379), seen nowhere-
else ; fl. beginning of Feb. 1860. No. 4886.

5. L. cinereus Engl., I.e., p. 103. t. 2, fig. C.
Phragmanthera sp., Van Tiegh., I.e.

MOSSAMEDES.— A densely branched shrublet, 1 to H ft. high ; leave*
fleshy, brittle, pah green, flowers pallid rosy, floccose-hoary, purple
inside ; stamens and style orange-coloured. Near S. Joao do Croque,
Eio Croque, Cabo Negro, plentiful, growing on Tamarix orientalis
Forsk. (cf. ante, p. 55) and the Composita " Quitoco " (cf. Pluchea
Dioscoridis DC. ; ante, pp. 557-558) ; fl. 3 Sept. 1859. No. 4884.

6. L. Sterculiae Hiern, sp. n.

A parasitical shrub, 5 to 7 ft. high ; branches dusky or ashy,.

Loranthus] cxui. LOKANTHACEJB. 929

asperulous; branchlets mostly spreading horizontally, strongly
tuberculate, puberulous with small compound articulate pallid
hairs, leafy; leaves alternate or oftener ternate or even
quarternately sub-verticillate, ovate-oblong, more or less obtuse
at the apex, nearly rounded or subcordate at the base, coriaceous,
very bright green above, pallid and lepidote-hoary beneath, 2 to
3 in. long' by § to If in. broad, entire and narrowly revolute on
the margin, the younger ones whitish-tomentose on both faces ;
petiole ^ to 1 in. long, more or less hairy or scaly; flowers 1§
to 2 in. long, sulphur-yellow, shortly pedunculate, very densely
clustered in fascicles, tomentose ; the perianth straight, 5-lobed ;
the lobes valvate in aestivation, linear-spathulate, ± in. long ; the
tube narrowly cylindrical, about 1^ in. long, 10-nerved, slightly
tapering from the middle downwards, somewhat thickened about
the base, stellate-hairy outside, minutely puberulous-scaly inside ;
epicalyx short, whitish-tomentose; anthers ^ in. long; filaments
stout, inserted about the throat of the perianth, twisted, f in. long,
not toothed at the apex; style nearly equalling the perianth ; flower-
buds yellow, rigid, fleshy ; young fruit i in. long.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — On wooded slopes by the river Delamboa, growing
on a Sterculia (Bondo ia Molemba ; cf . ante, p. 82) and other deciduous
trees and usually clothing with its dense mass the topmost branches of
their heads ; fl. beginning of Sept. 1855. No. 5283. In forests at the
right bank of the river Delamboa on Sterculias and Acacias ; young
fr. Jan. 1856. No. 5284. On the right hand side of the Ambaca
road, growing as it seemed exclusively on the upper branches of a
Malpighiaceous (?) tree ; fl. 13 Sept. 1856. No. 5285.

Nearly related to L. cinereus Engl.

7. L. Zygiarum Hiern, sp. n.

A parasitical shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, growing on the branches
of a species of Albizzia; branches dusky, rambling, quite patent,
rigid, tuberculate ; branchlets at the extremities and young parts
puberulous or tomentellous with short stellate or articulate tawny
hairs; leaves opposite or subalternate, crowded, oval, rounded or
obtuse at both ends, fleshy-coriaceous, subglaucous- green, without
gloss, glabrous or nearly so above, more or less spread with small
scattered stellate-scales beneath, 1 J to 2f in. long by f to 1^ in.
broad ; petiole ^ to § in. long ; flowers splendidly scarlet, about
If in. long, slender, glabrous or nearly so, on short pedicels
arranged in lateral clusters several together on the branchlets ;
epicalyx sub-hemispherical, green, small, wavy at the short free
entire margin ; bracts small ; perianth-tube about li in. long,
about Y1^ in. in diameter, cylindrical throughout or very little
dilated about the top ; the lobes 5, sublinear, broader at the base,
slightly spathulate towards the apex, about i in. long ; filaments
5, glabrous, opposite to the perianth-lobes, ^ in. long, rather thick,
twisted, inserted about the throat, not toothed at the apex
anthers TV in. long, glabrous, attached at the base ; style glabrous,
about equalling the perianth ; young berries globose, green.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — By the banks of the river Delamboa rather rare,

60

930 cxiii. LORANTHACEJ*:. [Loranthus

and in the Capopa forests rather plentiful ; fl. and young fr. beginning
of Nov. 1855. No. 5281.

Belated to L. weophilus Oliv., but the leaves are very obtuse.

8. L. anguliflorus Engl., I.e., p. 107.

HUILLA.— Flower-buds yellow-reddish, verging on scarlet. In
wooded mountainous places at the lake of Ivantala, growing on a
Csesalpiniaceous tree with the habit of a tamarind (cf. Brachystegia
tamanndoides Welw. herb. no. 585 ; ante, p. 301) ; fl.-bud end of
Feb. 1860. No. 4887.

9. L. angolensis Engl., I.e., p. 101.
Metula sp., Van Tiegh., I.e., p. 263.

GOLUNGO ALTO.- A bard, woody shrublet, 2 to 3 in. high ; branches
twisted ; leaves coriaceous, rigid, somewhat glossy above, more or less
ferruginous-tomentose beneath ; flowers orange-brickred, somewhat
rigid and dry, brittle. In rather elevated forests in Sobato Quilombo,
parasitical on " Musondo," that is, Pseudoxpondias microcarpa Engl.
(See ante, pp. 176, 177) ; fl. middle of July 1856. No. 4844.

BENGUKLLA.— Between Benguella and the river Catumbella, growing
on a species of Cordia ; without either fl. or fr. June 1859. Deter-
mination doubtful. No. 4870.

10. L. Engleri Hiern.

L. emarginaius Engl., I.e., p. 100; non Swartz (1788).

Septimetula sp.. Van Tieghem, I.e., p. 266.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— Stems 2 to 3 ft. high ; leaves glossy ; flowers
from blood-red to scarlet. In the presidium growing on Sapotaceous
plants (cf . ChrymphyUum cinereum Engl. ; Welw. herb. no. 4823 ; ante,
p. 640), rather rare ; fl. Nov. 1856. No. 4849.

11. L. cinnameus Hiern, sp.n.

A rigid, comparatively robust shrub, with nearly straight and
subglabrescent branches patent or spreading at about half a right
angle with the stem ; branchlets tomentose with rufous stellate
jointed rather short hairs; internodes mostly shorter than the leaves,
rather thickened ; leaves opposite, patent, subsessile, ovate-oblong,
obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, fleshy-coriaceous, dark or
glaucous green, glabrous or glossy above, paler or brown and
shortly stellate-tomentellous sometimes almost obsoletely so
beneath, 3 to 5 in. long by 1 to \\ in. broad, the young ones
densely clothed with a cinnamon-coloured tomentum ; young
fruits ellipsoidal or obovoid, very shortly pedicellate, arranged
several together in subsessile clusters lateral on the branchlets in
the axils of fallen leaves, densely clothed with a cinnamon-
coloured tomentum consisting of rather short branched jointed
stellate hairs, about \ in. long, ^ in. broad, \ in. thick, surmounted
with a short saucer-shaped rim about T\ in. in diameter surround-
ing the base of the fallen style.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In the little woods of the presidium, very rare,
growing on Spondiaceas (Mucumbi), (cf. Calesiam antiscorbutica, ante,
p. 179) ; young fr. March 1857. No. 4846.

Appears to be related to L. hirsutisshnus EngL There is a specimen
in the National Herbarium in flower from the Congo collected by
Christian Smith which perhaps belongs to this species.

Loranthus] cxin. LORANTHACE^E. 931

12. L. brunneus Engl., I.e., p. 88.

Agelanthus brunneus Van Tiegh., I.e., p. 738 (1896).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An erect or ascending shrub, growing in masses
as if forming thickets on the branches of Leguminous and other trees ;
leaves compactly coriaceous, with melastomaceous nervation ; flowers
blood-red, often densely covering chiefly the lateral branchlets. In
the forests of Pedras de Guinga and Mutollo, growing on Caesalpinieae
with a tamarind-like habit (cf. Brachystegia tamarindoides Welw. ;
and Welw. herb. no. 572, ante, p. 302) ; scarcely well-developed fl.
Jan. 1857. No. 4850.

13. L. Henriquesii Engl., I.e., pp. 88-89, as to n. 4885, not as
to n. 4881.

HUILLA. — Flowers whitish-rosy. Near Mumpulla, on Panda trees
(cf. Brachystegia spicceformis Benth. ; Welw. herb. no. 578 ; ante.
p. 300) ; fl.-bud Oct. 1859. No. 4885.

14. L. glomeratus Engl., I.e., p. 89.

L. Henriquesii Engl., I.e., pp. 88-89, as to n. 4881, not as to
n. 4885. Agelanthus glomeratus Van Tiegh., I.e., p. 738.

HUILLA. — Flowers whitish-rosy (?). In Panda forests, on Gardenia
Jovis-tonantis Hiern, Welw. Coll. Carp. 168 (partly), ante. p. 461 ;
near the lake Ivantala ; not yet in good fl. end of Feb. 1860. No. 4880.
In forests between Nene and Jau, on Parinari Mobola Oliv. (cf . Welw.
herb. no. 1282 and Coll. Carp. 1 ; ante, p. 320) ; in young fl.-bud April
1860. No. 4881. In forests about Lopollo ; in young fl.-bud Dec. 1859.
No. 4881&.

This species should perhaps be reduced to the last, but if distinct
No. 4881 is better placed here.

15. L. Gilgii Engl., I.e., p. 91.
Agelanthus Gilgii Van Tiegh., I.e., p, 738.

HUILLA. — A very elegant much-branched shrublet ; leaves glaucous ;
flowers white, purplish at the base and apex. On trees of Combretaceas
(cf . Combretum holosericeum Sond. ; ante, p. 350 ; Welw. herb. no. 4379)
plentiful, and on Mimoseae (cf . Acacia robusta Burch. ; Welw. herb,
no. 1833 ; ante, p. 314) rarely ; in the Lopollo country ; fl. Dec. 1859.
Not uncommonly in company with three or even four other species of
Loranthus. No. 4893.

16. L. Buchneri Engl., I.e., p. 114, partly, t. 2. fig. E.
AMBRIZ. — A shrub, virgate-erect, 3 to 6 ft. high, sparingly and

patently branched ; leaves rigidly coriaceous, from glaucous to green ;
flowers peach-red, the older ones turning to orange-scarlet ; berries
from red to green when ripe. In maritime thickets composed of
a Celastrinea (cf . Gymnosporia senegalensis Loesener ; ante, p. 145 ;
Welw. herb. no. 1361) behind the port of Ambriz, growing parasitically
at the roots of a Malvacea (probably a species of Sida) though at first
sight terrestrial and not parasitical ; fl. and f r. Nov. 1853. No. 4842.
A shrub 5 to 7 ft. high ; leaves opposite, fleshy, glaucous ; flowers
axillary, subsessile, tubular, red. At the mouth of the river Loje, not
obviously parasitical ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. COLL. CARP. 937.

No. 4854, which is also quoted by Engler, I.e., p. 115 for this species,
has sessile and more crowded leaves and the flower-buds are rounded
and not truncate at the apex ; I have referred it to L. sessilifolius Pal.
Beauv.

932 GXIII. LORANTHACE.E. \Lorcmthu8

17. L. constrictifloms Engl., I.e., p. 119. t. 3, fig. B.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A shrublet, 3 ft. high and more ; leaves glaucous-
green fleshy-coriacous ; flowers prettily red. Throughout the elevated
region of Sobato de Quilombo, 2200 feet altitude, plentiful, growing
on various wild and cultivated trees ; also on wild orange-trees ; fl. end
of Jan. 1855. No. 5282.

I have not seen the types of this species, which belong to Central
Africa and Angok, but the description and figure agree fairly well
with Welwitsch's plant.

18. L. sessilifolius Pal. Beauv. Fl. Owar. it p. 8. t. 63 (1807).
L. Buchneri Engl., I.e., pp. 114-115, as to n. 4854, not as to

n. 4842.

BENGUELLA. — Flowers blood-red. In sandy thickets near Benguella,
growing on the Acanthaceous shrublet Petalidium glandulosum S.
Moore, ante, p. 810 (which was a smaller and weaker plant than its
parasite) ; fl. June 1859. No. 4854.

BUMBO.— Branches spreading. Near Bruco, growing on a species
of Eugenia (cf . E. benguellensis Welw. herb. no. 4394 ; ante, p. 360) ;
fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4862. A glaucous shrub ; flowers blood-red, sub-
sessile, bracteate at the base ; bracts cup-shaped forming a double
epicalyx. In Serra da Xella above Bruco, growing on various trees ;
fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4863.

HUILLA. — Flowers splendidly blood-red. In the more elevated parts
of Morro de Lopollo, growing on Parinari Mobola Oliv. (cf . ante, p. 320) ;
fl. Nov. 1859. No. 4866. A much-branched shrnblet, 1 to 1} ft. high ;
leaves glaucous ; flowers blackish purple ; perianth-lobes green before
expansion ; anthers red ; stigma green-purplish. In the Lopollo
country, plentiful, growing on Combretaceae ; fl. 2 Dec. 1859. No. 4865.
Stems rigid, brittle, longitudinally rugulose, ashy ; leaves fleshy-
coriaceous, glaucous, very brittle ; flowers bloodred- purple, very hand-
some. In very elevated parts of Morro de Lopollo, growing on
Proteacese ; fl. Feb. 1860. No. 4867-

19. L. Meyeri Presl, Bot. Bemerk. p. 76(1844), in Abh. Bohm.
Gesellsch. Wissensch. ser. 5, iii. p. 506 (1845).

L. namaquensis Harv. in Harv. & Sond. Fl. Cap. ii. p. 577 (1862).
L. okcefolius E. Mey. ex Harv., l.c. ; non Cham. & Schlecht. (1828).

Var. ligustrifolius (Engl., I.e., p. 120).

BENGUELLA.— Flowers blood-red. Between Benguella and the river
Catumbella, sporadic, growing on a species of Acacia with yellow heads
of flowers (cf . A . etbaica Schweinf . ; ante, p. 314 : Welw. herb. no. 1819);
fl. June 1859. No. 4882.

MOSSAMEDES.— A shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high, branched from the base,
growing on low shrubs ; branches dichotomous, as well as the branchlets
brittle ; leaves glaucous, somewhat fleshy ; flowers somewhat fleshy,
green at the base and at the apex, somewhat ventricose and purple in
the middle. In sandy places by the river Bero, on Gossypium or allied
genus ; fl. beginning of July 1859. No. 4858. A shrublet, 1 to 2£ ft.
high, branched from the base ; leaves succulent, glaucous ; flowers
brilliantly bloodred-purple. Near Cavalheiros, growing on an arbor-
escent species of Cordia (cf. ante, p. 713) ; fl. beginning of July 1859.
No. 4859. Flowers blood-red. By the banks of the river Maiombo
growing on various Mimosas and other trees ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4860-
A shrublet, as brittle as glass. By the river Maiombo, growing on
1 Umpeque " shrubs (Ximenia americana L. ; ante, p. 140 ; Welw. herb.

Loranthus] cxiu. LORANTHACE^E. 933

no. 1130), rare and seen only on one shrub ; few fl.-buds Oct. 1859.
No. 4861. Berries green-purplish. At the Maiombo, climbing on
Tamarix (cf. T. orientalis Forsk. ; ante, p. 55 ; Welw. herb. no. 1086)
and on " Umpeque " ; fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4855. A very rigid
shrublet, 1J ft. high ; stem and branches swelling in the middle ;
leaves lanceolate, glaucous, very sparse, erect ; flowers blood-red. On
the mountainous parts of Cazimba not far from the banks of the river
Maiombo, not plentiful, growing on the branchlets of Mimosas ; fl. and
very few leaves Oct. 1859. No. 4876. A slender, glaucous, virgately
branched shrublet, 1 ft. high. In bushy sandy places at the banks
of the river Maiombo, near Pedra de Sal, growing on shrubs of
Olacinese (cf . Ximenia americana L., ante, p. 140) ; in young fl.-bud
Oct. 1859. No. 4856.

HUILLA. — A branched shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high ; stem nodose, brittle ;
branches ascending, reddish dusky ; leaves glaucous. Near Humpata,

rasitical on Qsyris abyssinica Hochst. (Welw. herb. no. 6438) ; without
>r fr. end of Oct. 1859. Apparently this species. No. 4879.
Apparently on the leaves of this plant the Fungus n. 212 grew at
Cavalheiros in July 1859 ; it is, probably, this species of Loranthus,
the seeds of which are enveloped in a very sticky gummy matter, which
is used as birdlime and also as gum for sealing letters. See Monteiro,
Angola, ii. p. 205(1875).

20. L. bumbensis Hiern, sp. n.

A smooth, somewhat pallid, but little branched shrub ; branches
nearly straight ; internodes, at least the upper ones, shorter than
the leaves ; leaves mostly opposite or nearly so, spreading, ovate
or oval-oblong, obtuse at the apex, broad near or not far from the
obtuse or nearly rounded base, fleshy-coriaceous, glabrate, minutely
glandular-scaly, shortly petiolate, 1 to 2§ in. long by ^ to 1^ in.
broad; petiole about | in. long ; flowers about If in. long just
before expansion, !-£- in. long when the lobes are reflected, brilliant,
blood -red, several together in abbreviated axillary cymes; peduncles
and pedicels very short, puberulous, rather thick ; bracts cupular,
usually with a small deltoid lip on one side, puberulous ; calyculus
with a small free wavy or lobulate ciliolate cup-shaped border,
puberulous outside; perianth tubular, puberulous outside; the
tube with a globular enlargement (i in. in diameter) at the base,
then abruptly contracted and narrowly funnel-shaped above, at
length split down one side, and spreading out nearly flat above ;
the lobes 5, linear-spathulate, fleshy, thickened and pointed at the
apex, about £ in. long, at length revolute at or below the middle ;
filaments 5, rather shorter than the perianth-lobes, each with a
short tooth at the apex, for some time connivent, at length free
and separate and much curved in the open flower ; anthers -^ in-
long : style puberulous, equalling the (straightened) perianth,
angular about the top of the included portion, thinner above ;

BUMBO.— Near Bumbo, parasitical on Acacias ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4864.
Nearly related to L. Meyeri Presl.
21. L. dependens Engl., I.e., p. 117.

L. pendulus Welw. ex Engl., I.e. ; non Sieb. Acrostephamts de-
pendensV&n Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xlii. p. 268 (June 1895).

934 cxiu. LORANTHACEjE. [Lwanthus

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A shrub of 4 to 10 ft. high, hanging a long way
down ; leaves glossy, deep green ; flowers very crowded, deep blood-red,
very handsome. Near Mutollo and at Candumba, growing on a species
of Citrus and on the Leguminosa called " Mucumba " (cf. Tounatea
madagascariensis Taub. ; ante, p. 286) ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 4851.

22. L.BelvisiiDC.Prodr.iv.p.303(1830); Engl.,Z.c.,p.l08.n.67.
L. lanceolatus Pal. Beauv. Fl. Ow. ii. p. 8. t. 64 (1807) ; non

Kuiz & Pavon (1802).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Leaves subglaucous-green ; flowers scarlet. In
elevated situations among the Queta mountains, growing on aged
trees of Ficus (cf. F. trachyphylla Fenzl ; Welw. herb. no. 6389) ;
fl. Dec. 1855. No. 5279. A shrublet, 3 to 4 ft. high ; branches £ in. in
diameter at the base ; branchlets flexuous-twisted, rigid, ternately or
quaternately verticillate, covered with a grey corky-scarred bark ;
leaves opposite, fleshy, brittle, ovate or ovate-oblong, glaucous-green,
almost without gloss, pervaded with sordidly purple veins, nearly
always mutilated by insects ; flowers fleshy, purple, pubescent ;
perianth-segments linear-spathulate, cohering in a long tube, at the
time of the flowering with the tube burst at the apex into 5 strictly
reflected lobes ; filaments comparatively long, equal, 5, erect in the
bud and embracing the style, twisted inwards spirally and elastic at
the time of the flower ; anthers rosy, oblong, basifixed ; style filiform,
gradually thickened upwards, a little narrowed below the stigma
where it is encircled by the anthers ; stigma oblong or ellipsoidally
capitate, green. Between Sange and Bango in wooded places,
parasitical on the same Ficus as the previous no. ; fl. and fr. 1 May
1856. No. 5280.

23. L. Mechowii Engl., I.e., p. 118.

LOANDA.— A divaricately branched shrub, 2 to 3 ft. high, parasitical
on the branches and branchlets of Adansonia digitata B. Juss. ; leaves
fleshy-coriaceous, glaucous ; the young fruits ellipsoidal. In rather
elevated hilly places near Boa Vista ; fl. and young fr. May 1858.
No. 4843, and (stem, May 1854) COLL. CAUP. 938.

This is probably the glaucous-leaved Loranthm with deep red
flowers, nearly covering the Adansonia, which is mentioned by
Welwitsch in Proceed. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 329 (1854).

Fungus n. 32 grew on the leaves of this parasite.

Engler, I.e., p. 119, quotes again Welw. no. 4843 for his form
Welwitschianus of this species, with leaves subacute at the base,
for a specimen with this No. belonging to the Coimbra university
herbarium.

24. L. mollissimus Engl., I.e., p. 119.

BUMBO.— In shady places between Bruco and Chao da Xella,
parasitical on various trees ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4877-

HUILLA.— Leaves very caducous ; flowers scarlet. In forests near the
Momno, plentiful, parasitical on Eugenia (cf . E. guineemis var. huillensix,
ante, p. 359 ; Welw. herb. no. 4403) and Sapotaceas (cf. Chrysophyllum
argyrophyllum Hiern, ante, p. 641) ; fl. Jan. I860. No. 4888.

25. L. Molleri Engl., I.e., p. 120.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— Leaves rigidly coriaceous, subglaucous ; flowers
orange-yellow, at length in the dry state turning purple. On the
Calemba island in the river Cuanza, growing chiefly on the tree

Mucage" (cf. Combretum lepidotum (A. Rich.), ante, p. 347, = C.
Welwitschii Engl.) ; fl. March 1857. No. 4845.

Loranthus] cxui. LORANTHACE.E. 935

26. L. villosiflorus Engl., I.e., p. 125.

HUILLA.— Flowers brilliantly scarlet. Between Nene and Lopollo,
growing on Combretaceous and other trees ; fl.-bud Dec. 1859.
No. 4892. Leaves nearly all mutilated by insects ; flowers brilliant,
orange-rusty in colour, very handsome. In the great Parinari forests
to the east of Lopollo, growing on P. Mobola Oliv. (ante, p. 320 ;
Welw. herb. no. 1282), plentiful ; fl. beginning of Jan. 1860.
No. 4891. Flowers orange-red. In the Monino forests, very plentiful
on one Acacia-like tree called "Mubo§o" (cf. "Musoso," Gigalolium
abyssinicum ; Welw. herb. no. 1782&, ante, p. 306), not seen on any
other tree in the neigbourhood ; fl. Jan. 1860. A form with narrower
leaves and flowers smaller and less shaggy than the previous nos.,
perhaps a distinct species. No. 4890. Flower-buds yellowish-ashy.
In the Monino forests, very rare, a parasite on a species of Ficus
(cf. Welw. herb. no. 6369) ; fl.-bud Jan. 1860 (afterwards searched
for in vain). Probably a form like the last no., but too young for
determination. No. 4889.

27. L. KirkiiOliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vii. p. 101 (1863) ; Engl.,
l.c., p. 129; Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiv. p. 6. t. 1309 (April 1880).

Acrostachys Kirkli Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xli.
p. 504 (Sept. 1894).

MOSSAMEDES. — Flowers very yellow, turning to orange. By the
Maiombo, climbing on a species of Cordia (cf. ante, p. 713) ; fl. Oct.
1859. No. 4872. Flowers saffron-coloured ; berries yellow. By the
Maiombo, growing on the branchlets of an arborescent Cordia ; fl. and
fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4873. Flowers of a brilliant orange-colour. By
the sandy banks of the river Maiombo near Cazimba and Pomangala,
growing on the branches of a species of Cordia ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 4874.

BUMBO. — Berries blackish purple. In the heart of the mountains
of Serra de Xella, growing on Combretaceae ; fr. Oct. 1859. Perhaps
a different species or possibly the variety populifolius Engl., I.e., p. 130,
the type of which I have not seen. No. 4871.

HUILLA. — Flowers deep yellow. Near the Bruco rivulet at the
base of the mountains of Serra de Xella, growing on the tree
" Unteate " (Copaiba Mopane O. Kuntze ; ante, p. 303 ; Welw. herb,
no. 605) ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4878.

The following No. is without fl. or fr. ; it differs from this
species in having the branchlet and petioles more or less clothed
with short thick-set spreading hairs; it perhaps belongs to an
vindescribed species: —

MOSSAMEDES. — At the Maiombo, climbing on a species of Acacia ;
Oct. 1859. No. 4875.

2. VISCUM Tournef., L.; Beiith.&Hook.f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 213.

1. V. tuberculatum A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, i. p. 338 (1847).

HUILLA. — The whole plant green or turning from green to tawny,
brittle ; the larger shrublets 1 to 2 ft. long, pendulous from the
branchlets of the foster plant ; flowers yellowish ; berries nearly
oblong, reddish. In elevated parts of Serra de Xella, near Mumpulla,
growing on the tree Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. (ante, p. 554 ;
Welw. herb. nos. 3522 and 6745) ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 4868. In
the Catumba rocky forests, rather rare, growing on Tarchonanthus ; fr.
Dec. 1859. No. 4869.

936 cxiv. SANTALACE.*:. [Thesium

CXIV. SANTALACE^.

Before Welwitsch's time Santalaceae were thought to be absent
from west tropical Africa ; their discovery in Pungo Andongo
and Huilla was therefore important, and is one of the best proofs
of the relationship which exists between this flora and that of the
Cape of Good Hope, where numerous species of Thesium have
been found. One of the species, T. virgatum Welw., has quite the
habit of Thymelcea arvensis Lam., while the rest of the Angolan
species much resemble the European species of Thesium, especially
those with prostrate stems.

1. THESIUM I.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 221.

1. T. strigulosum Welw. ms. in herb.

A perennial herb, with the habit of the genus, rough through-
out with short rigid hairs ; rootstock woody, polycephalous ;
stems prostrate or ascending, patently setulose-hirsute, 6 to
12 in. long, wiry, subterete, branched mostly in the lower part ;
branches shortly flagelliform, slender ; leaves alternate, subulate,
acute, T^ to TV in. long, or the lower ones sublinear and obtuse,
all uni-nerved, not decurrent ; flowers yellowish, yy to TV in. long,
on very short pedicels, in the axils of bracts shorter than them-
selves, together forming long narrow terminal bracteate spikes and
also sometimes short lateral ones ; bracts several, some of them in
a whorl around the flowers, subulate ; free portion of the perianth
^ in. long, 5 -cleft, shortly campanulate, puberulous outside ; the
segment deltoid-ovate, glabrous inside ; stamens 5 ; filaments very
short, inserted on the perianth -tube ; anthers oblong, J^ in. long ;
lower portion of the fruit ellipsoidal-oblong, ^ in. long, not
ribbed, tubercular ; style glabrous, exceeding the anthers ; stigma
capitellate, included.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In rocky thickets near Condo ; fl. and fr. March
1857. No. 6432.

2. T. rectangulum Welw. ms. in herb.

An annual, strictly erect, glaucescent, wiry herb, 1 to 1£ ft.
high, minutely or obsoletely puberulous, branched like a broom,
branches acutely angular or somewhat winged in consequence of
the leaves being decurrent ; leaves about 1 to f in. long, mostly
alternate, sub-linear, acute, adpressed ; flowers whitish, terminal,
Tlo in. long, very shortly pedunculate, erect ; free portion of the
perianth ^ in. long, campanulate subhemispherical and deeply
5-lobed in flower, persistent lengthening more cylindrical and
with a longer tube in fruit ; the lobes ovate-lanceolate, thickened,
hooded at the apex, not bearded ; stamens 5 ; filaments inserted
about the middle of the base of the perianth-lobes ; anthers
shortly oblong, shorter than the lobes ; style exceeding the
anthers, shorter than the perianth ; fruit including the persistent
perianth i in. long, the lower part globose, TV in. in diameter,
ribbed and transversely veined.

CXIV. SANTALACE.E. 937

HUILLA. — In thickets and hilly hot places near Lopollo, sparingly,
fl. 2 Dec.. 1859 ; also in wooded meadows near Catumba.not plentiful,
fl. and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 6436.

3. T. andongense Hiern, sp. n.

A hard, annual, virgately much branched, nearly glabrous
herb, 3 to 4 ft. high or more ; stem marked with narrow
foliaceous wings below, at the base furnished with 2 opposite
linear leaves, leafless above; flowers about ^ in. long, from
greenish to yellowish, very shortly pedicellate, arranged in slender
spicate racemes ; pedicels with 3 small bracteoles at the base ;
free portion of the perianth campanulate, 5-cleft, about ^ in.
long, marcescent, not bearded inside, the lobes ovate-deltoid ;
stamens 5, inserted at the base of the perianth -lobes and opposite
to them ; filaments flattened, scarcely bearded ; anthers oblong,
included ; ovary almost wholly inferior ; style included, exceeding
the stamens, filiform ; stigma capitellate ; fruit including the
marcescent perianth about i in. long, y1^ in. in transverse diameter,
hard, greenish, ribbed, between the ribs transversely obliquely
and thickly veiny, 2-seeded.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In thin bushy sandy rocky forests, not far from
the river Cuanza, near Mopopo ; fl. and fr. 22 Feb., 1857. No. 6434.

4. T. equisetoid.es Welw. ms. in herb.

A minutely puberulous, nearly glabrescent, wiry herb ; root-
stock thick, woody, polycephalous ; stems prostrate, whip-like,
branched, with the habit of an Equisetum, slender ; branches
alternate, angular; leaves comparatively few, subulate, acute,
sessile, somewhat decurrent, opposite or alternate, ^ to T\j- in.
long ; flowers terminal, bracteate at the base, solitary, TV to y1^ in.
long, greenish; free portion of the perianth persistent, about
TIT to T5 in- l°ng> shortly cylindrical, deeply 5-lobed; the
segments lanceolate, not bearded inside, obtuse, the tips and
sides narrowly inflected ; anthers shortly oblong, included ; style
included, exceeding the stamens ; bracts subulate, -^ to yy in.
long ; lower portion of the fruit -^ in. long by yV in. in diameter,
ribbed, the ribs jointed with oblique venation.

PUXGO ANDOXGO. — In sandy wooded places near Cazella on the
left bank of the river Catete ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 6433.

5. T. lopollense Hiern, sp. n.

A dwarf, obsoletely puberulous, spreading shrublet, 2 to 8 in.
high, much branched from the base ; rootstock rather thick,
woody, perennial ; branches slender, wiry, angular, leafy at least
upwards, the more spreading ones ascending towards the apex ;
leaves alternate, lanceolate-subulate or subulate, acute at the
apex, rather thick, the sides curved inwards below, broadest
sessile and decurrent at the base, TV to i in. long ; flowers sub-
sessile, terminating the branches and the upper short or very
short lateral shoots, each solitary, together forming terminal
leafy narrow panicles or more or less secund spicate racemes,
about 7 in. long ; the very short pedicels rather fleshy, with 4 or

938 cxiv. SANTALACE2E. [Thtsium

5 approximated ciliolate leaves at the base ; free portion of the
perianth ^ to TV in.*long, shortly cylindrical or wider upwards,
persistent," divided nearly to the base; segments 5, lanceolate,
obtuse, with an incurved apiculus at the tip, fleshy, concave with
narrowly incurved thinner papillose sides except the base, glabrous
or nearly so ; anthers lanceolate, short, included in the perianth,
glabrous ; filaments rather short, glabrous ; ovules 3 ; style thick,
exceeding the stamens, rather shorter than the perianth, glabrous ;
lower part of the fruit subglobose, glabrous, crustaceous, nearly
Jj in. in diameter, longitudinally ribbed, the ribs joined with
oblique or sinuous thickly marked veinlets ; endocarp lined
inside with spongy scales ; seed solitary.

HUILLA. — In pastures near Lopollo among low bushes and plants of
Euphorbiacese (cf. Clutia benguelensis Muell. arg. ; Welw. herb. no.
338), Gnidia (cf. G. Rendlei ; Welw. herb. no. 6478), and Ascolepi* ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1859 and Jan. 1860. No. 6437-

6. T. Welwitschii Hiern, sp. n.

A nearly glabrous undershrub, about 1 ft. high, perennial ;
rhizome creeping horizontally, throwing up numerous crowded
erect or suberect virgate wiry stems ; stems simple at the base or
nearly so, much branched towards the apex ; branches angular,
marked with the lines of the decurrent leaves; leaves mostly
alternate, narrowly linear, acute, sessile, decurrent, J to ^ in.
long ; flowers about ^ in. long, bracteolate at the base, on short
pedicels, arranged in terminal somewhat compound racemes ;
pedicels bracteate at the base, approximated at the apex of the
inflorescence ; bracts ^ to i in. long ; bracteoles shorter than the
flowers ; free portion of the perianth about TV in. long, urceolate
or campanulate-hemispherical, 5-cleft, persistent ; the lobes bearded
inside, ovate-deltoid, subobtuse ; filaments inserted near the bases
of the perianth-lobes, short ; anthers subquadrate ; style included,
not exceeding the anthers ; fruit including the marcescent perianth
i in. long, ovoid-conical, ~ in. in transverse diameter, ribbed and
obliquely cross-veined.

HUILLA.— In sandy wooded thickets, in the Humpata country,
between Mumpulla and Nene, very rare elsewhere ; fl. and few fr.
Oct. 1859. No. 6435.

Habit somewhat of T. pycnanthum Schlechter in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
xxvii. p. 120 (7 April 1899), but the flowers are not capitate to the
same extent. As to companionship, see Thunbergia angokitsis S. Moore,
ante, p. 804, Welw. herb. no. 5037.

2. OSYBJS L.; Benth. & Hook. f.'Gen. PI. iii. p. 227.

1. 0. abyssinica Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, i. n. 281 (U. i.,
1840) ; Flora 1841, Intellig. i. p. 22 (name only) ; A. Rich. Fl.
Abyss, ii. p. 236 (1851).

Fusanus alterni folia, Br. in Salt, Abyss., A pp. p. Ixiii. (1814),
nomen.

HUILLA.— A much-branched shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; branchlets
green, angular ; leaves elliptic-ovate, glaucous, somewhat fleshy ; flowers

Osyris] cxiv. SANTALACEJS. 939

dioecious, trimerous, yellowish ; berries scarlet, oblong-globose. In
the thickets of Jau, Humpata, and Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. and fr. Oct.
to Dec. 1859. No. 6438.

Clutia benguelensis Muell. arg., Welw. herb. no. 338, grew in
company with this plant in rocky thickets near Mumpulla in
Oct. 1859.

CXV. EUPHORBIACE^].

The plants of this order in Angola are distributed alike in the
three principal regions, but with this difference, that each region
has its predominant set of forms. In the coast region the
arborescent cactus-like forms, with the habit of Cereus or JIariota,
are the most notable, and they communicate to their stations,
where they are massed in forests, a very peculiar physiognomy.
In the mountainous wooded region these leafless trees disappear,
or they occur only in cultivation, and, instead of them, the forests
and hills are furnished with climbing species of multiform aspect,
at times resembling the Convolvulacese, as in the case of Dale-
chainpia ; the TJrticacese, as in Tragia, Acalypha, and Croton ; and
the Leguminosse, as in some species of Phyllanthus. Arborescent
forms do not fail to be represented, and such trees are in habit
sometimes like the Tiliaceae, Rhamnacesa, or Lauracese, or even
the Menispermacese. In the high plateau region there occur, in
addition to some of the arborescent forms of the latter region, in
other cases and in greater abundance the cactus-like euphorbias,
representing, however, in this region by preference the fleshy
Opuntia-like forms.

The timber of the woody species is nearly always of very good
quality, white and firm, sometimes yellowish white, and then it
mostly more or less resembles box- wood ; Euphorbia Candelabrum
and its allies are, however, exceptions to this general rule.

Two species of Euphorbia, namely E. Candelabrum and
E. Tirucalli, in Loanda, as well as, Jatropha Curcas in Golungo
Alto, provide the negroes with pitchers or stakes that take root
readily when driven in the ground, and grow rapidly even where
no other shrub or tree can live, and for this reason they are
frequently used for making fences round the huts or villages of
the natives.

A material for a black dye, called " Dunce," is obtained from
Alchornea cordata in Golungo Alto, and from Lepidoturus occi-
dentalis in Pungo Andongo.

Tragia and Dalechampia contain stinging species ; T. cordifolia
stung Welwitsch after it had been kept ten years in his herbarium.

The milk which exudes from the species of Euphorbia is not so
injurious as is often reported. On one occasion, when Welwitsch
was shooting wild birds in Cacuaco near Loanda, the milky sap
from E. Candelabrum was squirted in great quantity right into
his eyes ; but after washing them for ten minutes with cold sea-
water, he suffered no affection of his eyesight. On another

940 cxv. EUPHORBIACEJE. [Euphorbia

occasion Welwitsch's Cabinda, while chopping off a large Poly-
poreous fungus (cf. Fungus, n. 357) from the roots of E. TirucaUi,
encountered a similar accident with the milk of the latter, but
without any serious consequences. On the other hand, Monteiro,
Angola, ii. p. 267 (1875), states that the acrid milky juice of
the euphorbias is very dangerous to the eyes if it should drop
into them, and that the natives employ the juice of Sanseviera
angolensis Welw. as a remedy.

The negroes discriminate with tolerable exactness some of the
species : for example, in Golungo Alto the natives call one
species of Croton by the name of " Mubango," and another species
" Mubango ia muxito," that is, " Wood Mubango " ; and in
Pungo Andongo a third species is called " Mubango de Cabondo."
Tragia cordifolia was usually pointed out to Welwitsch as the
"Casaocjio," but they called by the same name the equally
stinging herb Dalechampia scandens. In a similar manner the
dye-plants, Alchornea cordata and Lepidoturu* occidentalis, in
Golungo Alto and Pungo Andongo respectively, are called by the
name of " Dunce."

1. EUPHORBIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 258.

1. E. pilulifera L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 454 (1753), non Herb. ;
Boiss. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 21 (1862).

SIERRA LEONE. — Stems pubescent with jointed hairs. On mountain
slopes behind Freetown ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 288.

2. E. decumbens Forsk. Fl. JEgypt.-Arab. p. cxii. n. 313
(1775); Willd. Enum. PI. Hort. Berol., Suppl. p. 27 (1813).

E. indica Lam. Encycl. Meth. ii. p. 423 (1786); Boiss., I.e.,
p. 22. Cf. E. glaucophytta Poir. Encycl. Meth. Suppl. ii. p 613
(1811); Boiss., I.e., p. 14.

AMBRIZ.— In damp places by the river Quizembo ; fl. and fr. Nov.
1853. No. 294.

BARRA DO DANDE. — Annual. In poor, sparingly herbaceous, sandy
places by the coast between the mouths of the rivers Dande and
Bengo, at Praia de S. Thiago ; not uncommon ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1858.
No. 295 and COLL. CARP. 912.

BENGO.— Annual. At the banks of the river Bengo : fr. Feb. 1858.
COLL. CARP. 910.

LOANDA.— From annual to triennial. In sandy and gravelly maritime
parts of Ilha dos Passaros, plentiful; fl. and fr. 3 May 1854. No. 292
and COLL. CARP. 911. In sandy sparingly herbaceous places from
Maianga d'El Rei towards Praia do Bispo ; fl. and fr. May 1859.
No. 293.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— On poor ground with sparse herbage at the out-
skirts of the forest near Sange, rather rare : fl. and fr. Feb. 1856.
No. 290.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In hot gravelly parts of the presidium, near
Catete ; fl. and fr. May 1857. No. 291.

Perhaps not distinct from E. hypcricifolia L. Cf. Welw. in Ann.

**' U> ?7' "* APontam' P" 664>

Euphorbia] cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. 941

3. E. macra Hiern, sp. n.

A green-glaucous, perennial herb, glabrous or minutely
glandular-papillose, much branched at and near the base;
rootstock rather thick or wiry ; lower branches erect or spreading
in many directions, short, 2 to 3 in. long, slender, leafy ; upper
branches sometimes comparatively elongated, very slender, erect,
less leafy, and 6 to 12 in. long; leaves opposite, narrow, linear-
subulate, acute or apiculate at the apex, sessile, connate at the
base, ^ to § in. long, rather fleshy, often not flat but more or
less folded laterally; margins entire; stipules obsolete; inflo-
rescence terminal and occasionally axillary; heads of flowers
subsessile, solitary ; involucre campanulate, somewhat compressed,
^ in. long, minutely glandular-pulverulent outside ; lobes rather
small, ovate, somewhat cut or fringed ; glands 4 or 5, transversely
oval, sub-peltate, not cornuate, narrowly bordered, about ^T to
T^ in. in the greatest horizontal diameter ; bracteoles narrow,
hairy, some at least exceeding or equalling the filaments ; pistil
stipitate; stipe glabrous, at length exceeding the involucre,
thickening towards the apex ; capsule obtuse, glabrous, £ in. long,
nearly as broad, smooth ; seeds about |- in. long, obtusely angular,
marked with coarse wrinkles ; styles distinct nearly to the base,
bifid.

HTJILLA.— In poor, sparingly bushy, rather dry pastures, between
Lopollo and Nene ; fr. April 1860. A short leafy form. No. 284.
In hilly and rather poor bushy places near Lopollo ; fl. and fr. April
1860. A very slender, comparatively elongated, and less leafy form.
No. 284Z>.

It was probably on the living leaves of this plant that the fungus
n. 128o, jEcidium Welwitschii Lagerheim, grew at Lopollo in March
1860.

4. E. Serpicula Hiern, sp. n.

A dwarf, prostrate herb, spreading in all directions, branched
from the base, apparently perennial ; root comparatively thick ;
stems hirsute with pallid spreading hairs, leafy, 1 to 2 in. long ;
leaves opposite, oblong-ovate or ovate, obtuse with a mucro at
the apex, obliquely rounded at the base, somewhat fleshy, glabrous
or sparingly cUiate near the base, somewhat reddish cartilaginous-
revolute and entire on the margin, ^ to ^ in. long, T^ to T^y in.
broad, shortly petiolate, spreading ; midrib somewhat depressed
above ; lateral veins inconspicuous ; stipules reduced to a trans-
verse thickening ; inflorescence axillary : heads of flowers solitary,
on hirsute peduncles of TV to T^j in. long ; involucre broadly
campanulate, nearly glabrous outside, a little hairy inside ; lobes
deltoid-ovate, small, ciliate-fringed ; glands 4, transversely oval,
about -^ in. in the greatest horizontal diameter, not cornuate,
subpeltate, thick and dark .purple with a thinner paler corolliform
broad conspicuous appendage or border on the outer side ; pistil
exserted, stipitate, hairy, -i- in. long, T^j in. broad ; stipe hairy,
shortly exserted, curved and often recurving above ; seeds T\- in.
long, glabrous, obtusely angular, foveolate-wrinkled.

942 cxv. EUPHOEBIACE^:. [Euphorbia

HUILLA.— In hot places at the outskirts of the forest, near and above
Mumpulla, among sparse herbage, rare ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 279.

5. E. nenensis Hiern, sp. n.

A glabrous, glaucescent, decumbent, apparently perennial herb ;
loosely branched from the base; root rather thickly wiry;
branches 4 to 6 in. long; branchlets ascending, slender; internodes
mostly longer than the leaves ; leaves opposite or three together,
lanceolate or sublinear, acute at the apex, somewhat narrowed
to the sessile somewhat oblique base, entire, somewhat fleshy,
erect or spreading, £ to nearly 1 in. long by ^ to £ in. broad ;
stipules gland-like ; inflorescence terminal ; flower-heads solitary,
subsessile, i to £ in. long; involucre broadly campanulate,
glabrous; lobes ovate, small, fringed, subequal; glands 4,
transversely oval, about ^j- in. in the broadest diameter, not
cornuate, dark, whitish on the narrow minutely crenulate margin ;
capsule obtuse, stipitate, i in. long, £ in. broad, glabrous ; stipe
exserted ; seeds angular, irregularly marked with oblique and
transverse wrinkles, •£• in. long ; styles 3, free nearly to the base,
contiguous, glabrous, ^ in. long, bifid.

HUILLA. — In elevated pastures among low herbage on a somewhat
sandy soil, near Nene, non-plentiful ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 280.

6. E. prostrate Ait. Hort. Kew. edit. 1, ii. p. 139 (1789);
Welw. Apontam., I.e. ; Boiss. Ic. Euphorb. t. 17 (1866), and m
DC., l.c., p. 47.

SIERRA LEOXK.— In sandy maritime places near Freetown ; fl. and
fr. Sept. 1853. No. 650.

LOANDA. — An erect herb, annual or lasting for several years, with
ascending basal branches ; leaves somewhat fleshy ; flowers pale
yellowish. In grassy rather dry places near Penedo ; fl. and fr.
beginning of Dec. 1857. On sandy clay flooded in summer, also on the
seashore about Loanda, plentiful but not ubiquitous ; near Imbondeiro
dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. May and June 1858. In herb. Kew. under this
No. there is also another species. No. 647. Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; f r.
March 1858. COLL. CARP. 908. An annual prostrate herb with the
stems and branches lying close to the ground and spreading in all
directions. On drying-up clay near the coast ; fr. June 1858. COLL.
CARP. 909. Annual, on a sandy clay soil near Couceicao : fr. beginning
of July 1854. COLL. CARP. 914.

MOSSAMEDES. — In sandy maritime places and on the neighbouring
hills, between the mouth of the river Giraul and the town ot
Mossamedes ; fl. and fr. 18 July 1859. A small hairy form. No. 648.

HUILLA.— On rough declivities between Nene and Lopollo, plentiful ;
fl. and fr. Nov. 1859. No. 278.

PRINCE'S ISLAND. — In sandy maritime places at Bahia de S.
Antonio ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 649.

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.— In maritime places at Porte grande de
Mindello in the Island of St. Vincent ; Aug. 1853. Only one specimen.

This species is certainly related to E. Chamcstyce L., and difficult to
distinguish from it.

The following No., consisting only of a detached leaf and some
loose fruits, differs from E. prostrata Ait. (to which it was doubt-

Euphorbia} cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. 943

fully referred by Welwitsch) in the marks on the seeds, etc., but
the material is insufficient for exact naming : —

LOANDA. — Leaf oval-oblong, obtuse at both ends, glabrous, entire,
slightly unequal at the base, £ in. long, $ in. broad ; veins few, not
conspicuous ; petiole very short, glabrous ; fruit oblately spheroidal,
fa to rV in. long, TV in. in diameter, dusky glabrous, depressedly globose ;
seeds bluish grey, -fa to fa in. long, in the shape of a segment of an
oblate spheroid, regularly and minutely tubercular-dotted, the tubercles
reddish, numerous, arranged in about three unequal longitudinal curved
rows on the two plane faces and in about six longitudinal rows on the
curved back, each of the six rows lying in an imaginary plane con-
taining the straight inner edge of the seed ; seeds also marked with
numerous very inconspicuous delicate transverse wrinkles on the
curved back and even less conspicuous ones on the two plane faces.
In dry places, near Morro das Logostas ; March 1854. COLL. CARP. 907.

7. E. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

A glabrescent, glaucescent, prostrate, perennial herb, branched
from the base ; root thickening ; stems 3 to 6 in. long ; branches
trailing, leafy, the barren ones puberulous or pubescent towards
the apex; leaves broadly oval or rotund, rounded or sub-
emarginate at apex, more or less oblique and cordate at the
base, somewhat fleshy, ^ to f in. long, opposite, those of the
barren shoots ranging up to ^ in. long by i in. broad, entire,
shortly petiolate ; midrib and veins not conspicuous, depressed on
the upper face ; stipules small, fimbriate-subulate at the apex
or on the barren shoots limited to a transverse line or border ;
inflorescence axillary ; heads of flowers solitary, on peduncles
ranging up to | in. long ; involucre campanulate, glabrous outside,
bearded at the throat inside ; lobes very small, ovate, sub-
fimbriate ; glands 4, transversely oval, about — in. in the greatest
horizontal diameter, not cornuate, subpeltate, thick and. dusky
with thin and paler margins; bracteoles glabrous; filaments
unequal, glabrous, some of the anthers exserted ; pistil exserted,
stipitate, glabrous, -^ in- l°ng 5 st^Pe exserted by T\- in., re-
curving, glabrous, abruptly swelled at the apex below the pistil ;
styles short, free to near the base, diverging; stigmas bifid at
the apex.

PTJNGO ANDONGO. — In pastures among low bushes, between Condo
and Quisonde ; fl. March 1857. No. 281.

Related to E. rosea Eetz. but differs by entire leaves, solitary flower-
heads, etc.

8. E. Benthami Hiern, sp. n.

A slender, rigid, glaucous, glossy, erect, sparingly branched,
perennial herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ; stem in the lower part hard
almost woody and subterete, in the upper part slender and
sparingly pubescent; branches dichotomous, erect or ascending,
slender, angular, furrowed, subpubescent towards the apex,
moderately leafy; leaves narrowly elliptical or the lower ones
broader, wedge-shaped at the base, very acute or finely apiculate
at the apex, membranous, somewhat pilose, distantly and deli-
cately serrulate-denticulate on the margin with small weak

944 cxv. EUPHORBIACEJS. [Euphorbia

bristle-pointed or subulate teeth, 1 to 3 in. long by \ to £ in. broad,
alternate or the upper ones usually opposite; petioles slender,
somewhat pilose, £ to f in. long; stipules short, often much
reduced; inflorescence subsessile, axillary and terminal, and
often terminating very short axillary branchlets, not opposite,
monocephalous ; involucre campanulate-turbinate in fruit, nearly
| in. long, woolly outside; lobes small, ovate, fringed; glands
transversely oval, thickly substipitate, about -^ in. in horizontal
length, not appendaged; bracteoles shorter than the filaments,
pilose ; capsules very shortly and thickly stipitate, hirsute, £ to
\ in. long ; seeds smooth, minutely punctate ; styles free to the
base at the apex of the fruit.

HUILLA.— In wooded meadows between Lopollo and Ivantala, rather
sparingly ; fr. Feb. 1860. Xo. 283.

Related to E. agowensis Hochst. (Benth. ms. in herb. Kew).

9. E. decussate E. Mey. in Drege Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Doc.
pp. 67, 184 (1843) ; Boiss. in DC., I.e., p. 74.

Arthrotkamnus cymosus Kl. & Garcke in Klotzch, Linn. Nat.
Pflanzenkl. Tricocc. in Monatsber. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin,
March 1859, p. 251; and in Abh. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin,
1860, p. 63.

MOSSAMEDES.— Frutescent, 3 to 4 ft. high, much branched from the
base, dichotomous or trichotomous, glaucous, fleshy, rigid, with the
habit of Sarcostemma ; branches ascending, articulate : the ultimate
joints flowering, abbreviated, after the fashion of Salicomia : flowers
sessile, yellowish. On the somewhat saline rocky declivities of Serra
de Montes Xegros. distant a (German) mile from the sea-coast, plenti-
ful ; fl. 10 Aug. 1859. Xo. 632.

This determination is doubtful.

10. E. viminalis Burm. f. Fl. Cap. Prodr. p. 14 (1768); non L.
E. Burmanni E. Mey., I.e., pp. 102, 184; Boiss. in DC., i.e.,

p. 75.

MOSSAMEDES. — The whole plant glaucous, rigid, brittle. On the
calcareous saline interior declivities of Serra de Montes Xegros, rare :
young plants, without fl., Aug. 1859. Xo. 631.

Welwitsch thought that this was a young form of his Xo. 632
(E. decussata E. Mey.). This determination is very doubtful ;
perhaps the variety karrnensis Boiss, I.e., that is, Arthrothamnus
Burmanni Kl. & Garcke, ll.cc., pp. 251, 62, represents our plant ; or
possibly E. serpiformis Boiss. in DC., I.e. E. viminalis L. is an
Asclepiad.

11. E. grandifolia Haw. Syn. Plant. Succul. p. 130 (1812).

E. drupifera Thonning in Danske Vidensk. Selsk. iv. p. 24
(1829); Boiss. in DC., I.e., p. 80.

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— A tree, 8 to 20 ft. high. Cultivated on
the coast and in the mountainous parts of the island ; leaves only,
Dec. 1860. " Pago olho de Macacao." Xo. 645.

PRINCE'S ISLAND.— A tree, 25ft. high ; trunk 1 to 1£ ft. in diameter.
In the elevated forests by rocks, S. de Papagaio ; one leaf only, Sept.

I have not seen the type of either Haworth's or Thonning's species ;

Euphorbia] cxv. EUPHORBIACE.&. 945

and pur specimens, consisting only of foliage, are insufficient for
certain determination ; they should also be compared with E. Teke
Schweinf. ex Pax in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 118 (1894).

The following No., which is without flowers, should be compared
with this species, though it is apparently distinct ; the prickles are
straight, in pairs, distinct at the base, diverging, ~ to ^ in. long ;
and the leaves are obovate and entire, and measure "3^ to 4 in. long
by If to 2 in. broad; it is referred to by Welwitsch, Apontam.
p. 564 under n. 153 ; it should also be compared with a specimen
in the Kew herbarium, collected near Regent by G. F. Scott
Elliot, Sierra Leone Boundary Commission, n. 4112 : —

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A small tree, 10 to 12 ft. high, a beautiful
plant resembling E. neriifolia L. ; trunk 3 to 4 in. in diameter, divided
at the top into crowded ascending or spreading branches, which are
angular, thick and leafy towards the apex ; leaves obovate-lingulate,
fleshy, glaucescent. In small open woods, on a sandy soil, at the bank
of the river Cuanza, near Candumba, rather rare ; without fl. March
1857. No. 644.

12. E. opuntioides Welw. ms. in herb.

Shrubby, glabrous or nearly so; stem low, branched at the
base ; branches ascending or decumbent, fleshy-woody, flattened-
compressed, articulate, glaucous-green, about 6 in. long, leafless,
remarkably resembling an Opuntia, f to § in. broad at the con-
strictions; joints 1 to 1^ in. broad and long, sub-circular or
broadly obovate in general outline, undulate, coarsely crenate
or repand on the darker sparingly spiny margin ; spines rather
slender, dusky, seated at the apex of the undulations or crenations,
usually in pairs, distinct at the base, erect or diverging, straight
or a little curved, deciduous, ^ to |- in. long ; cymes short, inserted
in the shallow depressions at the apex of the subtruncate terminal
joint of the branches, erect, 3- to 1-headed; common peduncle
thick, £ to £ in. long, with two opposite broadly ovate obtuse
or rounded bracts at the apex, secondary peduncles thick, the
lateral ones |- to £ in. long divergent, the middle one shorter ;
middle involucre sub-hemispherical, somewhat compressed, ^ in.
broad, bibracteate at the base ; lateral involucres rather smaller,
about -|- in. broad ; the bracts broadly ovate or semicircular, nearly
equalling the involucre in height, concave, adpressed ; lobes of
the involucre short, fringed at the apex; glands very short,
broad, crenulate on the margin ; bracteoles among the filaments
fringed at the apex ; pistil sessile or very nearly so, glabrous ;
styles united one-third way up from the base, diverging above,
shortly cleft at the apex ; ripe carpels about ^ in. long ; seeds
£ in. long, smooth.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — By rocks in black sandy schist, close to the
banks of thei river Cuanza, near Candumba, not uncommon but rather
sparse ; fl. and fr. Jan. to March 1857. No. 638-

13. E. bellica Hiern, sp. n.

A robust, green-glaucous, spiny, glabrous, leafless, succulent
shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, copiously milky, affording resin ; trunk a

61

946 cxv. EUPHORBIACE^E. [Euphorbia

little angular, branched from the base; branches decumbent,
ascending, crowded, articulated-constricted ; branchlets f to i in.
thick at the constrictions; spines strong, straight, ranging up to
f- in. long, diverging in pairs arising from elevations along the
angles of the branches, the apices of the elevations about ^ in.
distant from each other on each angle, the bases broad "and
confluent ; joints 1^ to If in. long, the angles few, produced
into fleshy compressed wings; wings thick, semicircular or
semi-elliptical, sinuous-dentate on the margin, spreading to a
distance of i to f in. from the axis of the branchlet ; teeth 3
to 5, broad, obtuse, shortly or obsoletely spiny at the apex ; the
youngest branchlets very glaucous.

MOSSAMEDES. — In sandy hilly maritime places, from the river
Giraul to Cabo negro, very plentiful, not uncommonly occupying
almost exclusively extensive tracts of country ; with few fl. July 1859.
The bulk of the specimens collected were lost in the war with the
Munanos, and only rudimentary pieces remain. No. 643.

This belongs to the section Diacanthium, and apparently is related
to E. Lemaireana Boiss. and E. antiquorum L. ; it is perhaps the
succulent Euphorbia which frequently forms the matrix of Hydnora
africana Thunb. (Welw. herb. n. 530) and is ultimately killed by it.
this also is probably the cactus-like Euphorbia, occurring to the south
of the town of Mossamedes in July 1859, which was beset with the
rare fungus n. 147, Tulostoma aiujolenxe Welw. & Currey in Trans.
Linn. Soc. xxvi. p. 290, t. 20, figs. 10 and 11 (1868) ; also the de-
cumbent Euphorbia which bore Lichen n. 420, Roccella Ihiearis var.
primaria Warn (see Welw. in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. p. 183), together
with species of Ramulina (cf. Lichen n. 23) in July 1859 near the town
of Mossamedes; also in the midst of which grew Emilia albocostata,
ante p. 596, Welw. herb. no. 3573. It must also be compared with E.
triangularis Desfont. Cat. Fl. Hort. Paris., edit. 3, p. 339 (1829), name
only, a plant supposed to belong to the Cape Flora.

14. E. polyacantha Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. p. 25 (1860), and in
DC., I.e., p. 84.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A fleshy, tenacious shrublet, 1 to U ft. high ;
prostrate-ascending or the stems at first erect, soon becoming decumbent,
3- to 6-angled, articulate-moniliform, glaucous-green, leafless, the
younger ones 2- to 4-angled ; branches erect-spreading, 4- to 6-angled ;
the angles spiny-toothed ; the whole plant abounding in a caustic milk ;
flowers yellow. On the gneiss rocks of the Pedras Negras in the
presidium, chiefly on their very dry slopes, in company with species
of Xerophyta (cf. X. squarrosa Baker ; Welw. herb. 1555 and COLL.
CARP. n. 1006), Commelinacefe, etc., plentiful ; fl. Jan. and Feb. 1857;
also a young plant near Catete, Feb. 1857. No. 639.

HUILLA.— A shrublet, 7 in. high or less, articulately branched from
the base, in form resembling an Opuntia; flowers yellowish. On
mica-schist rocks, among bushes, at an elevation of 5000 ft., between
Lopollo and Nene, sparingly ; very few specimens in fl. Feb. 1860.

15. E. Candelabrum Welw. in Annaes Conselho Ultramarine
Lisb. no. 24 (May 1856), p. 251, n. 5.

E. candelabra Welw. in Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 329 (7 Nov.
1854), name only.

Euphorbia] cxv. EUPHORBIACE^E. 947

LOANDA. — A tree, 15 to 45 ft. high, and more, in the form of a
candelabrum, constituting dense forests in dry, hilly, maritime, and
rocky places, but sometimes solitary ; trunk straight, 1 to 2£ ft. in
diameter ; bark cracked ; branches subverticillate, ascending-arching ;
branchlets verticillate ; trunk and branches 3- to 8-angled ; branchlets
mostly trigonous ; flowers red, very crowded, as well as the whole
plant much abounding in milk. Plentiful ; ft. July and Aug. 1858.
Around Oacuaco, where it grew in company with Lissochilus calopterus
Beichenb. f ., it was usually more than 50 ft. high, with a stem 2£ ft.
in diameter; beginning of Jan. 1854; near Mutollo, 23 July 1854;
Loanda, 17 June 1858. A characteristic tree, producing a very fine
effect. No. 641.

Stakes cut from this tree and planted easily take root and grow
quickly ; they are thus used by the negroes for making fences around
their dwellings.

The lichens n. 211, Tremotylhtm angolense Nyl., n. 164, Lecidea
ejjisemoides Nyl., and n. 399 (?) Opegraphia graphidiza Nyl., also n. 189,
grew on the old trunks of this tree : see Nylander, Lich. Angol. Welw.
pp. 8, 10, 12 (1869) ; lichen nn. 320, 414, 413, 399, 398, 328, and 350
at Boa Vista. Barleria salicifolia S. Moore, Welw. herb. no. 5119,
grew in little woods composed of Euphorbia, probably this species,
about Libongo.

It is doubtful whether this is the same species as E, Candelabrum
Tremeau ex Kotschy, Allgem. Ueberbl. Nilland. p. 13 (1857) in Mitth.
Geograph. Gesellsch. Wien., Jahrg. i. Heft ii. p. 169 ; Kotschy, Umr.
Uferl. Weiss. Nil, p. 23 (1858) in Mitth., I.e., Jahrg. ii. Heft i. p. 92 ;
Boiss. in DC., I.e., p. 84 ; Petherick, Trav. Centr. Afr. i. p. 308 (1869).
It is probably the gigantic Euphorbia mentioned by Welwitsch in
Proceed. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 328 (1854) as forming woods at Loanda,
just as Pinm sylvestris does with us, and readily discernible even from
shipboard.

The following Nos. perhaps belong to this species of
Welwitsch :—

PUNGO ANDOXGO.— A little tree 10 to 12 ft. high, or rarely 15 ft. ;
trunk straight, subcylindrical, 3 to 4 in. in diameter, hard- woody,
spiny-tuberculate ; branches and branchlets spreading-ascending, 3- or
rarely 4-winged, glaucous-greenish, leafless. By rocks near Mangue
and Candumba, plentiful ; without fl. March 1857. No. 641 b. A
tree of 12 to 15 ft., candelabriform, with acutely trigonous ascending
branches and branchlets. By schist rocks in wooded places near
Mangue on the road leading to Candumba ; without fl. March 1857.
No. 637.

BUMBO.— A tree, 20 to 40 ft. high ; trunk straight, cylindrical,
much branched towards the apex, with the bark cracked as in Picea ;
branches suberect, as well as the branchlets triquetrous and glaucous ;
spines purple, venomous or certainly suspected. In the rather dense
rocky primitive forests of Serra de Xella ; without fl. June 1860.
Only one specimen. No. 636.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— Arborescent. At Bango ; fl. only 7 and 8 Sept.
1855. Local name " Quisoma." COLL. CARP. 932.

" Insomma " is the name of an arborescent Euphorbia, which grew
on the banks of the Zenga, and is probably another form of the name
" Quisoma." A tree Eiiphorbia, to which Welwitsch referred by the
name of " Quisoma " in his diary of 6 Sept. 1857, occurred at Funda
in the district of Icolo e Bengo. It occurred also in the Libongo
district in company with Acacia Welwittschii Oliv., ante, p. 310.

948 cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. [Euphorbia

16. E. subsalsa Hiern, sp. n.

A fleshy, very prickly, leafless, very copiously milky shrub,
attaining 2 to 4 ft. in height, beginning to flower when only 7 or
8 in. high, slightly puberulous, subglaucous, pale green, with
the habit of a Cereus ; branches tetragonal, quadricostate, sub-
virgate, furrowed between the angles ; ribs undulate, pulvinate ;
prickles about 4 together, distinct, straight, unequal, patent,
subdivergent, acute, rather slender, ^ to 1 in. long ; branchlets
bracbiate, somewhat constricted at the base, distant, ascending,
1£ to 3 in. long, about i in. broad, frequently marked with
circular shallow scars (of fallen flower-heads) on the angles above
the raised bases of the collections of prickles ; cymes subterminal
or lateral, small, sessile, solitary or in pairs, bracteate at the
base ; bracts broadly oval, the inner pair ^ in. long, the outer
bracts very short ; flowers yellowish, sessile ; involucre nearly
£ in. long, campanulate, truncate at the apex; lobes 5, short,
about T'T in. broad, shortly bifid, membranous, subtruncate and
fringed at the apex ; glands transversely oblong, short, equalling
or slightly exceeding the involucral lobes and thicker, -^ in.
broad, entire; bracteoles between the filaments fringed at the
obtuse apex, nearly as long as the involucre, obovate ; capsule
very shortly stipitate, ~ in. long, shortly exserted, glabrous ;
styles 3, united up to a third of their length, entire at the apex.

MOSSAMEDES.— Seen only at Pedra de Sal, between Mossamedes and
Bumbo, not far from a salt spring (Marne), near the river Maiombo ;
a few specimens, fl. Oct. 1859. No. 642.

Related to E. triaculeata Forsk. and to E. tetrarantha Rendle in
Journ. Bot. 1896, p. 130. The local name is " Habi."

17. E. subfalcata Hiern, sp. n.

A subglabrous, glaucescent, perennial herb, 2 to 4 in. high ;
root very large, more or less napiform or fusiform, milky, with
white flesh ; stem ascending, subcylindrical, ^ to ^ in. thick,
branched towards the top ; persistent bases of the fallen stem-
leaves ovoid or ovate, scattered, scarcely prominent; branches
short, leafy, spreading or recurving; their leaves narrowly
lanceolate-linear, prolonged, acute, sub-falcate, ranging up to
2 in. long or rather more, rather fleshy, sessile, entire, crowded ;
the floral leaves opposite, exceeding the inflorescence, induplicate
about the base ; stipules 0 ; flower-heads solitary, on short rather
thick fleshy stalks ; flowers white-greenish ; involucre broadly
turbinate, its tube somewhat hairy inside, TV to T\y in. long ; lobes
roundish, somewhat hairy, ciliate-fringed, V^ to TV in. broad ;
glands 4, unequally bilabiate ; the inner lip very short, broad,
minutely crenulate, hairy inside ; the outer lip about £ in. long,
from a broad base multisect, the segments once or twice or thrice
cleft, the ultimate lobes spreading ; bracteoles among the unequal
fewer nearly glabrous filaments narrow, thickened at the apex,
hairy; anthers glabrous; capsule tricoccous, shortly exserted,
stipitate, | to \ in. long, £ in. broad, tough, sub-crustaceous,
emarginate at the apex, glabrous or nearly so ; stipe puberulous ;

CXV. EUPHORBIACE2E. 949

styles united about half-way up, bifid at the apex ; seeds pallid,
smooth, minutely pulverulent-punctulate.

HUILLA.— In rather elevated hilly places, on sand mixed with a rich
soil, in company with Ascolepis, etc., near Lopollo towards Nene ; fl.
and fr., end of Oct. and beginning of Nov. 1859. No. 282.

Belated to E. tuberculata Jacq.

18. The following No., which has some resemblance to E. cervi-
cornis Boiss., Cent. Euphorb. p. 27 (1860), and in DC., I.e., p. 90,
is perhaps a new species : —

A pubcrulous, much-branched shrublet, 3 to 4 in. high, 4 to 6
in. in diameter ; stems caespitose, about ^ in. thick at the base,
repeatedly branched ; branches dichotomous, subterete, spreading
in all directions, fleshy, intricate, glaucescent, leafless, marked
with scars as of fallen leaves, some recurving ; scars alternate,
usually with an elevation, rather small, not approximate ; inflor-
escence terminal ; heads on peduncles which range up to £ in. long ;
involucre about £ in. in diameter, puberulous ; bracteoles among
the filaments filiform, hairy ; pistil at length shortly exserted.

MOSSAMEDES. — In rocky maritime places at Praia da Amelia, near
Mossamedes, sparingly, or perhaps mostly perished ; in late f r. with
but few capsules left (no fruits in the British Museum set) July 1859.
No. 635.

19. E. Tirucalli L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 452 (1753) ; Boiss. in DC.,
I.e., p. 96 ; Ficalho, PI. TJteis, p. 248 (1884).

E. rhipsaloides Welw. in Annaes Conselho Ultramarine Lisb.
no. 24 (May 1856), p. 252. n. 11. Cf. E. rhipscdioides Lemaire, 111.
Hort. 1857, misc. p. 72.

Among plants of this species Gossypium grew near Bemposta in
Loanda, at the end of July 1858.

LOANDA. — A milky bush (in the denser forests of AMBRIZ, ICOLO E
BENGO, and ZENZA DE GOLUNGO, a tree 15 to 20 ft. high, with the trunk
6 to 8 in. in diameter), 8 to 12 ft. high, divaricately branched, with the
habit of Hariota ; the older branches leafless, the younger ones with
linear leaves ; flowers yellowish. About Loanda and negro villages

C* itiful and ubiquitous ; fl. 1853-4 and Jan. 1858. No. 630. In fr.
. 1853. COLL. CARP. 917. Lichen n. 461 grew in the coast region
of Loanda, in May 1854, on the older trunks of a leafless Euphorbia,
probably this species.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A much-branched leafless shrub. In the some-
what dry thickets of Sobato de Bumba, near Camilungo, sporadic ; fl.
March 1856. No. 651.

MOSSAMEDES. — An undershrub, 2 ft. high ; root thick, horizontal ;
stems straight, erect-spreading, branched, not articulate ; flower-buds
tubercle-shaped ; the whole plant in the living state yellowish green,
glaucous, smooth. At the red-sand rocks close to Rio do Sal, at the
base of Serra de Montes Negros, in front of Boca do Rio Bero ; without
fl. July 1859. Perhaps this species. No. 633. A low shrub, with strict
asperulous branches. Serra de Montes Negros ; fr. 10 Aug. 1859.
Doubtfully referred to this species. COLL. CARP. 916.

A large Polyporus grew on this tree near Loanda in April 1859, and
on the former grew the Fungus n. 11. The tree is called " Cassoneira "
at Loanda, or " Canumi-numi," and is used for making fences and

950 cxv. EUPHORBiACEjE. [EupJiorbia,

hedges around the quintas and arimos, since it grows rapidly and has
numerous virgate intricate and almost leafless branches. Lichen n. 321
in Sobato Quilombo grew on the bark of a Euj)horbia, perhaps this
species.

20. E. acalyphoi'des Hochst. in PI. Kotschy Nubic. n. 88 (U.i.,
1841); Boiss. Icon. Euphorb. p. 17. t, 49 (1866), and in DC., I.e.,
p. 98.

Tithymalus acalyphoides Schweinf. Beitr. Fl. ^Ethiop. p. 38
(1867).

LOANDA. — In stony herbaceous places at Porta da Isabella near
Loanda ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853 and April 1854. In hot sandy places in
short grass and by thickets near Penedo, plentiful ; fl. and f r. beginning
of Dec. 1857. No. 296-

21. E. sarmentosa Welw. ex Pax in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. six. p.
121 (1894).

LOAXDA.— Perennial, suffruticose, woody at the base ; stem smooth,
becoming reddish, sub-erect, dichotomous, much-branched, 6 to 8 in.
in diameter at the base, branches spreading, elongate -virgate, tortuously
sarmentose, adpressedly hirsute ; branchlets patent-recurved ; leave*
lanceolate-linear or linear, shortly petiolate, soft, somewhat fleshy,
glaucescent ; flowers secund on the branchlets, solitary in the axils of
the leaves, shortly pedunculate ; involucre 4-clef t ; the segments reddish
brown, truncate, subcrenulate ; germen ellipsoidal, as well as the
capsule adpressedly hirsute. In dry bushy hilly places on sandy clay
around Quicuxe rather rare, very rare near Loanda, one specimen at
Barrancos de Penedo ; fl. and fr. middle of July 1858. In hilly rather
elevated places between Quicuxe and Mutollo, April 1854, among tall
grasses, near Mutollo, end of May 1854. No. 297. Stems and leaves
fleshy, full of milk : stems at first erect, at length ending in tortuous sub-
scandent almost leafless branchlets ; leaves linear. In mountain thickets
at Mutollo ; fr. April 1854. COLL. CARP. 913. An undershrub with
a peculiar habit for the genus ; branches elongated, sarmentose, sub-
scandent. On bushy hills near Loanda, rather rare; fr. July 1858.
COLL. CARP. 915.

It has much the aspect of E. systyla Edgew.

22. E. Tukeyana Steud. Nomencl. Bot., edit. 2, i. p. 615 (1840).
E. arborescens Chr. Sm. in Tuckey, Congo, p. 251 (1818), non

alior. E. Tuckeyana Webb in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 177 (1849);
J. A. Schmidt, Fl. Cap Verd. Ins. p. 304 (1852); Boiss. in DC.,
U, p. 109 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 249 (1884).

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.— A stout shrub. 4 to 7 ft. high. In the
more elevated bushy mountainous parts of Monte Verde in the island
of St. Vincent, plentiful and growing in masses ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1853.
Called by the inhabitants " Tira olhos." No. 646.

According to Ficalho, /.r., the shrub is also called " Tosta olho,"—
that is, goggle-eye, probably in consequence of the inflammation of the
eyes which the acrid sap produces. The bark affords one of the best
preparations for tanning hides.

23. E. claytonioides Pax in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiii. p. 533 (1897).
MOSSAMEDES.— An ascending glaucous somewhat fleshy herb, very

milky throughout, annual or lasting for several years ; stem patently
branched a little above the base ; umbellules dichotomously multifid.

Euphorbia] cxv. EUPHORBIACE^. 951

On the rocky declivities of Serra de Montes Negros ; fl. and fr. July
1859. By the red-sand rocks close to the base of Serra de Montes
Negros ; fl. and fr., 10 and 13 Aug. 1859. No. 287.

24. E. cyparissioides Pax in Eng. Bot. Jahrb. xix. p. 123 (1894).
Suffruticose, woody, decumbent, and thick at the base, sub-

glaucescent, glabrous, heath-like; rootstock woody, perennial,

f'ving off numerous stems or branches, resembling in habit
. Cyparissias L. ; stems erect or ascending, virgate, wiry, simple
for some distance, losing their leaves near the base, densely leafy
above, at length dichotomously branched in the upper part and
ximbellate at the apex ; leaves approximated, not opposite, linear
or rather broadly so, subacute and mucronate at the apex, some-
what narrowed to the sessile base, more or less spreading, at
length reflected, § to f in. long, revolute on the entire margins,
those at the base of the umbels broader and lanceolate ; rays
of the umbels about 5, unequal ; inflorescence sessile, terminal ;
carpels smooth, -| in. long; seeds smooth, pallid,

HUILLA. — In rocky sandy sparingly bushy pastures, near Lopollo,
not abundant ; in late fr. Oct. 1859. No. 285.

In the absence of flowers, this determination is doubtful ; the type
of the species occurred at Dar Fertit, Dem G-udju, and was collected
by Schweinfurth, ser. iii. n. 149.

25. E. terracina L. Sp. PI. edit. 2, p. 654 (1762) ; Boiss. in DC.,
l.c., p. 157.

ISLAND OP MADEIRA. — In rough uncultivated places between
Funchal and Camara dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. Aug. 1853. No. 289.

26. E. balsamea Welw. ms. in herb.

A fleshy, glabrous, very glaucous shrub, much-branched from
the base, 1^ to 3 ft. high ; sap copious, milky, agreeable when
fresh and like a balsam in smell ; primary stem about an inch
thick ; branches dichotomous, more or less ventricose at the bale,
about as thick as a man's finger ; the young branches elongate-
conical, leafy ; leaves of the branches alternate, lanceolate or oval,
obtuse at the apex, narrowed towards the base, entire, fleshy,
glaucous, spreading, -| to f in. long, i to ^ in. broad, falling off
from the adult branches ; petioles |- to f in. long ; stipules 0 ;
leaves of the inflorescence opposite, sessile or subsessile, not
connate but contiguous, very broadly ovate or oval, £ to f in. long,
rounded or emarginate at the apex, the uppermost pairs indupli-
cate and embracing the terminal solitary sessile or subsessile
heads of flowers ; involucres tubular-campanulate or obovoid,
truncate, entire or sub-crenulate, hairy at the throat, green, £ in.
long, veiny, easily separating into obovate-oblong segments ; lobes
short, bifid, fringed; glands transversely oval, not cornuate;
bracteoles among the filaments hairy, equalling the involucre ;
anthers greenish glaucous ; pollen yellow. General inflorescence
lax ; umbels of few rays. Ripe capsules not seen.

MOSSAMEDES. — In hilly sandy maritime places between Mossamedes
and Cabo Negro ; fl. June 1859. Also in rocky hilly places thinly

952 cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. [Euphorbia

covered with brown sand, near S. Antonio, plentiful ; fl. fallen, 21 July

Nearly related to E. Buraei Boiss. in DC., I.e.. p. 167, and Icon.
Euphorb. p. 23, t. 110 (1866), but it differs by the petiolate stem-
leaves, hairy filaments, etc.

27. E. genistoides Berg. Descr. PI. Cap. p. 146 (1767); L.
Mant. alt. p. 564 (1771); Boiss. in DC., I.e., p. 167.

Tithymalus Africanus, flare herbaceo, folio Genistce, Burm. Cat.
Plant. Afr. Herm. p. 23 (1737).

PUNGO ANDOXGO.— Suffruticose, heath-like, glaucescent, woody and
thick at the base ; rootstock woody, perennial, giving off at the apex
several erect or ascending wiry rather slender puberulous or glabrate
stems which are about a foot high ; stems undivided and losing most
of their leaves from the base to about a third of their length, loosely
branched above, often umbellately branched at the top ; branches
leafy ; leaves approximated, scattered, spreading or the lower ones
reflected, linear, narrowly mucronate at the apex, sessile, rigid,
minutely pulverulent or glabrate, J to nearly i in. long, uninerved ;
the lateral margins revolute, entire ; stipules 0 ; Inflorescence terminal,
sessile, tripartite ; the two lateral cymules shortly stalked, bibracteate
at the base, small. The central cymule subsessile, ebracteate at the
base, broader than the lateral ones; bracts oblong, mucronate, not
connate, about £ in. long, exceeding the lateral cymules ; involucre of
the central cymule campanulate-hemispherical, £ in. long, somewhat
compressed, minutely pulverulent outside, shortly puberulous inside ;
the lobes about 7, quadrate or ovate, small, ciliate-f ringed at the apex ;
the external glands intermediate, unequally broad, transversely oval or
oblong, peltately saucer-shaped, not or sometimes cornuate, about as
high as the lobes, glabrous on the margin ; filaments about equalling
the involucre ; bracteoles hairy, among the filaments and about the
same length ; ovary stipitate, shortly exserted, tricoccous, puberulous ;
styles united about half- way, the branches bifid ; capsule £ in. long,
minutely puberulous-punctate ; seeds smooth. In the drier thickets
between Quisonde and Condo. rather rare ; fl. and f r. middle of March
1857. No. 286.

I have not seen the type of this species ; the original description gives
the involucral lobes as four ; the determination is therefore doubtful.

2. BTTXUS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 266.

The following No. has the appearance of this genus, and is
possibly the variety myrtifolia of B. sempervirens L. Sp. PL edit. 1,
p. 983 (1753) ; being without fl. or fr. it is uncertain : —

HUILLA. — A shrublet nearly glabrate or minutely, puberulous
especially on the tetragonal branchlets and on the very short petioles,
1 to 3 ft. high, with the habit of a Box, glaucescent ; leaves apparently
evergreen, somewhat glossy, coriaceous, elliptical ovate or lanceolate,
wedge-shaped at the subsessile base, more or less obtuse at the apex,
£ to 1 in. long by £ to § in. broad, recurving along the margin, with
numerous inconspicuous veins and the midrib prominent beneath. On
the rocky ridges at the top of Sierra de Xella not far from Mumpulla,
about 4000 to 4100 ft. alt., Oct. 1859 and June 1860, abundant. No. 409.

The wood is like that of the ordinary Box.

The plant should be compared with B. bfiiguellensls Gilg in Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. xxviii. p. 115 (15 Dec. 1899), which belongs to Huilla, but
an authentic specimen of which I have not seen.

CXV. EUPHORBIACE^E. 953

3. BRIEDELIA Willd. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 267
(Bridelia).

In Pungo Andongo the natives give the name of " Cabalella "
to two or three arborescent species of this genus.

1. B. atroviridis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 327 (1864),
et in DC. Prodr xv. 2, p. 494 (1866) (Bridelia).

CAZENGO. — A low tree, with very patent almost drooping branches
and distichous leaves. In the primitive forests of Mata de Cabondo ;
fr. June 1855. No. 3706.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A small tree, 10 ft. high, almost calling to mind
the coffee tree ; branches patent, almost nodding ; leaves dark, deep-
green above, shaded with purple and especially on the veins reddish
beneath ; flowers from greenish to reddish. In bushy places in
secondary woods near Camilungo, between it and Sange, rather rare ;
fl. Dec. 1855. No. 370.

2. B. tenuifolia Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 328, et in
DC., I.e., p. 495 (Bridelia).

ZENZA DE GOLUNGO. — A much-branched shrub of 5 to 6 ft., or in
secondary thickets 1£ to 2 ft. high ; berries pruinose-bluish, nearly
black. On dry hills near Tanderaxique ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. A
shrub, 2£ to 4 ft. high ; stems numerous, erect ; bark whitish grey ;
sap wate'ry ; branches and branchlets slender, patent ; leaves mem-
branous, somewhat rigid, shining above, pallid beneath, deciduous at
the time of the fruit ; drupes sessile, clustered in the axils of the
leaves, blackish blue, with a viscid juice ; pyrenes 2, monospermous.
In dry elevated hilly bushy places near Quicanga, very plentiful ; fl.
and ripe fr. Sept. 1857. No. 374.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A small tree, 6 to 10 ft. high, with a much-
branched head ; branches divaricate ; branchlets slender, somewhat
drooping ; flowers yellow-greenish. In thickets close to the Ambaca
road, between Camilungo and Cabinda ; fl. and young as well as ripe
fr. March 1855. No. 373. A shrub 3 ft. high, perhaps a mutilated
tree. On the road to Ambaca ; without fl. or fr. Dec. 1855. No. 370c.

3. B. angolensis Welw. ex Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 327.
Bridelia angolensis Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 496.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A small tree, 15 to 20 ft. high ; trunk 4 to 8
in. in diameter at the base, bare to the height of 6 to 7 ft., then with
crowded branches, branchlets and foliage; leaves hard-coriaceous, rigid,
but little glossy, distichous ; male flowers axillary, clustered, at length
by the f ailing of the leaves subspicate or paniculate, greenish in the
bud and when young, the adult ones purplish outside and yellowish
inside. In rather elevated little woods on the gigantic rocks above
Catete in the prsesidium, sporadic. A young shoot of a tree which
had been cut down on the same spot. In fl. beginning of Jan. 1857.
No. 367.

4. B. elegans Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 327, et in DC.,
I.e., p. 496 (Bridelia).

HUILLA. — A shrub, 5 ft. high and more, occasionally arborescent ;
branches elongated, patent ; branchlets virgate ; leaves rigid, rather
distant, with red veins beneath. In wooded thickets around Humpata ;
fl. Jan. 1860. No. 361.

Scarcely distinct from B. scandens Willd., from which Welwitsch

954 cxv. EUPHORBIACEL<E. [Briedelia

thought it could not be separated ; for he regarded his nos. 361 and
362 as the same species.

5. B. speciosa Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 327, et in DC.,
I.e., p. 497 (Briddia).

a, trichoclada Muell. arg., ll.cc., pp. 327, 498.

BUMBO.— A handsome tree, 25 to 40 ft. high, very frondose,
distinguished with a dense widely spreading head and a luxuriant
glossy foliage, one of the most beautiful ornaments of the forest ;
flowers greenish with a slightly purple tinge. In the more elevated
very shady forests of Serra da Xella, 15° S. Lat., Scudelbilla, plentiful,
also near Bumbo ; fl. and unripe fr. Oct. 1859. No. 371.

Welwitsch had given this specific name in manuscript accompanied
with a descriptive character when he submitted his specimens to
Mueller. Trema affinis Bl. (Welw. herb. no. 6288) grew in company
with this tree near Bumbo in Oct. 1859.

6. B. ferruginea Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 511 (1849)
(Briddia).

Candelabria micrantha Hochst. in Flora 1843, i. p. 79 (7 Feb.) ;
Krauss in Flora 1844, p. 427 (7 July). Bridelia micrantha Muell.
arg. in DC., I.e., p. 498, var. a, ferruginea Muell. arg., I.e.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A small tree, 8 to 10 ft. high or rarely attaining
12 to 15 ft. or in secondary thickets only a shrub of 5 to 6 ft. ; head
widely spreading ; branches patent or even pendulous ; branchlets
distichous, prickly when bare of leaves ; shoots distichous, without
prickles ; leaves coriaceous, but little glossy, distichous ; flowers
yellow-greenish, densely clustered in the axils of the leaves ; berries
or drupes pea-shaped, black-bluish. At the outskirts of forests and
in thickets, near Trombeta. Sange, and Camilungo, plentiful ; fl.
Dec. 1854-55 ; unripe fr. March 1856. No. 368. In reed-beds as
a shrub, and at the outskirts of primitive forests as a small tree in
the drier places throughout the district ; fl. Jan. 1856 ; fr. April and
May 1856. A form with the leaves less tomentose beneath. No. 368/>.
A divaricately-branched tree of 10 to 15 ft. or in secondary thickets
usually a shrub ; branches armed with weak almost corky prickles,
leaves.rigid, distichous ; berries or rather drupes bluish, monopyrenous ;
pyrene unilocular ; placenta central, columnar ; ovules 6 or 4,
pendulous from the apex of the placenta. At the upper sides of
forests among the lower hot bushy mountains of Serra de Alto
Queta ; unripe fr. Feb. 1866. No. 369.

PUXGO ANDONGO.— A small tree, 6 to 8 ft. high, with divaricate
branches. In the less dense forests, especially in the Panda forests
(cf. Berlin'm and Brachystegia) in company with Combretacese (cf.
Combretum rubiginowm Welw. herb. no. 4369), about Pedras de
Guinga ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 365- In rather elevated bushy
wooded places in Sobato de Bumba, near Bumba ; fl. and unripe fr. in
the rainy season, March 1857. No. 366.

HUILLA. — A divaricately branched small tree, with tortuous branches
and branchlets, and dusky-shaggy on the young parts. In bushy
hilly places and in secondary thickets at the base of Morro de
Lopollo, quite leafless and in fl. Dec. 1859. No. 372.

Var. gambecola.

B. Gambecola Baill. Adansonia i. p. 79 (1860). B. micrantha,
var. /3, gambicola Muell. arg., I.e.

CXV. EUPHORBIACE.E. 955

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A small tree, 8 to 9 ft. high ; trunk straight,
with broad crown at the top ; branches patent ; branchlets ferru-
ginous-hirsute ; leaves rather rigid, scarcely coriaceous, hirsute along
the veins beneath, not recurved on the margin ; flowers pentamerous,
greenish purple. In bushy secondary woods between the presidium
and Pedras de Guinga (north-eastern Sobato), sparingly ; fl. Jan.
1857. No. 364. A loosely branched tree, 5 to 7 ft. high, with spiny
branches. At the outskirts of Mata de Pungo in the presidium, only
one little tree seen without fl. or fr. May 1857. Appears to belong
here. No. 360.

7. B. scandens Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 979 (1806).

Clutia stipularis L. Mant. PI. p. 127 (1767). Cluytia scamlem
Roxb. PI. Corom. ii. p. 39. t. 173 (1798). B. retusa Adr. Juss.
Euphorb. Tent. p. 26, t. 7, f. 22 (1824). B. stipularis Blume,
Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 597 (1825) ; Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 499.

HUILLA.— A shrub of 3 to 4 ft. with numerous stems, probably the
upgrowth from the stock of a burnt tree. In hilly bushy places on a
mica-schist formation, near Mumpulla ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 363.
A small tree or arborescent shrub, 6 to 9 ft. high, with the habit of a
Grewia ; branches divaricate ; branchlets and coriaceous leaves sub-
distichous ; flowers green-yellowish, with the general appearance of
the order or of Rhamnaceae. In sandy thickets near Lopollo and
around the great lake of Ivantfda, not uncommon ; fl. Jan. and Feb.
1860 ; fr. end of March I860. No. 362. A small, elegant, evergreen
tree ; leaves coriaceous, shining, distichous along the branchlets ;
drupes blackish purple, mucous. In thickets near Forte de Huilla ;
fr. May 1860. COLL. CARP. 34.

See note under B. elegans, p. 953.

4. CLEISTANTHUS Hook, f . ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PI. iii. p. 268.

1. C. angolensis Wehv. ex Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 339
(1864), and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 505 (1866)

Kaluhaburunghos angolensis O, Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 607
(1891).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; head lax ; leaves
deciduous at the time of the flower, flowers monoecious, possibly
sometimes dioecious, greenish yellow. In the less dense forests
between Puugo Andongo and Luxillo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857 ; near
Luxillo, ripe fr. March 1857. No. 353. A tree of 15 ft. ; male
flowers from greenish to yellowish. In small thin forests between
Catete and Luxillo ; male fl. Feb. 1857. No. 354

The male flowers are often more abundant than the female ones.

2. C. (?) glaucus Hiern, sp. n.

A very nearly glabrous tree, 12 to 40 ft. high ; trunk straight,
bare of branches for a long distance below, 6 to 18 in. in diameter ;
head widely spreading, leafy ; branches subterete, very slightly
angular ; back grey and with brown cracks ; branchlets alternate,
spreading or erect-patent or ascending, rather slender, obtusely
angular, striate, leafy; leaves alternate, oval or broadly ovate,
rounded emarginate or obtusely pointed at the apex, unequal and
obtusely narrowed or sub-truncate at the base, coriaceous, very
deep green above, highly glaucous beneath, very delicately

956 cxv. EUPHORBiACEjE. [Cleistanthus

penniveined, inconspicuously reticulate, 1 to 4 in. long by | to 2^
in. broad, flat, entire ; petioles rather slender, | to i in. long";
stipules broad, short, truncate-rounded, caducous ; infructescence
1 to 1^ in. long, one or few-fruited, arising from the axils of the
upper leaves ; pedicels short or about ^ in. long, slightly puberu-
lous ; fruit drupaceous, ovoid -conical, glabrous, polished, yellowish
drab, f in. long, £ in. thick, tipped with the remains of 3 styles,
at the base seated on the small patelliform obtusely pentagonal
residue of the calyx, trilocular ; the cells monospermous ; putamen
almost bony ; seeds y^- in. long, ^ in. broad, i in. thick.

PUXGO AXDONGO. — In woods among the gigantic rocks of the
presidium, near Luxillo, a tree, 12 to 15 ft. high, with the trunk 6 in.
in diameter, unripe fr. middle of Dec. 1856 ; also near Pedras de
Guinga, a tree 30 to 40 ft. high, with the trunk 18 in. in diameter,
May 1857. Native name " Muriambambe." No. 1235.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In hilly rocky places at the base of Serra de
Alto Queta, between Camilungo and Quitara ; without fl. or fr. May
1855. Apparently the same species. No. 1244.

In the absence of the male plant the genus is uncertain ; it is not
the " Muriambamba " or " Murianbambe " of the districts of Golungo
Alto and Cazengo, which is Coffea arabica L. ; the meaning of the name
indicates that the fruit is a favourite food of antelopes.

The following No. is perhaps a new species of this genus : —
A small tree, 10 to 12 ft. high; trunk straight; head lax;
branches subterete, subglabrate; branchlets alternate, erect-
patent, tawny-tomentose, leafy ; leaves alternate, simple, ovate-
oblong, narrowed to an obtuse or scarcely acute apex, rounded
and usually unequal at the base, thinly coriaceous, pilose with
long scattered hairs on both faces, hirsute on the slender midrib,
yellowish green (in the dried state) above, rather browner beneath,
entire, 1 to 2^ in. long by \ to 1£ in. broad, delicately penniveined,
very delicately reticulate f petiole patent, tomentose, ^ to ^ in.
long ; stipules apparently minute and very caducous ; fruit
apparently solitary, axillary; peduncle tomentose, about % in.
long ; unripe fruit subglobose, glabrous, shining, pallid or some-
what chestnut-coloured, about f in. in diameter, 3-celled,
tricoccous (?), superior, marked at the apex with the scars or
marks of 3 styles, supported at the base on a subpersistent
5(?)-partite calyx; calyx-segments lanceolate, about $ in. long,
hairy on the back. Seeds imperfect in our specimen.

HUILLA.— In the forests of Morro de Lopollo, at an elevation
about 5500 feet ; without fl. with unripe fr. Jan. 18GO. No. 1252.

5. CLUYTIANDRA Muell. arg. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.

1. C. trichopoda Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 328 (1864),
and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 225 (1866).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A herb, almost suffruticose, 4 to 11 in. high ;
rootstock woody, polycephalous ; stems numerous ; leaves glaucescent.
On rather dry sparingly herbaceous mountain slopes between Calolo
and Muna, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1854. No 327

Phyllanthus] cxv. EUPHORBIACE^E. 957

6. PHYLLANTHUS L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 272.

" Quilendula," pi. " Ilendula," is said to be an annual climbing
species of this genus, the leaves of which, mixed with " Diloa "
(a kind of ferruginous river mud), the natives of Angola and
Benguella employ as a black dye ; they boil in the mixture
the cloth articles which they wish to dye black (Welw. ms.).
Compare " Maloa," ante, p. 378.

1. P. pentandrus Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Vid. Selsk. iv.
p. 193 (1829) (Phylanthus).

Diaspems pentandims 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL ii. p. 600 (1891).
P. p., 8, genuinus Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 337 (1866).
P. foliis Lini, Hornemann, Ind. PI. Guin. Obs. p. 25 (1819). P.
scoparius Welw. Apontam. p. 591, n. 110 (1859).

LOANDA. — In hot sandy places in short grass near Imbondeiro dos
Lobos, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Jan. and Feb. 1858. No. 324.

PTJNGO ANDONGO. — In sandy bushy places between Condo and
Quisonde, sporadic ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 322. In sandy
places close to the river Lombe near Lombe ; fl. and fr. March 1857.
No. 323. An annual, erect or suberect, slender herb, 1 to 2 ft. high,
branched like a broom ; leaves oblong-linear, subglaucescent. In sandy
places at the river Cuanza ; fl. and fr. March 1857. COLL. CARP. 920.

2. P. capillaris Schum. & Thonn., I.e., p. 191 (Phylanthus).
/?, genuinus Muell. arg., I.e., p. 338.

P. elegans pedicellis capillaribus pendulis, Hornemann, Z.c.,p.25.
Diasperus capillaris 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 598.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A prettily green undershrub, 1^ to 4 ft. high,
with greenish flowers on capillary peduncles. At the outskirts of
thickets in moist spots, in an excursion to Fonte de Capopa, not
plentiful, fl. and fr. Dec. 1854 ; in wooded moist places about thickets,
near Sange, fl. and fr. Dec. 1854 ; also by secondary thickets and at
the edges of palm groves, near Bango, fl. and fr. May 1855. No. 336.

3. P. angolensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 329 (1864),
and in DC., I.e., p. 339.

Diasperus angolensis 0. Kuntze, I.e.

HUILLA. — In pastures rather dry but flooded in the rainy summer
season, among low bushes, between Lopollo and Ferrao da Sola,
sparingly ; fl. and fr., Dec. 1859. No. 332. An annual, slender,
erectly branched, subglaucous herb, 6 to 8 in. high. In hot wooded
places near Lopollo ; fr. Feb. 1860. COLL. CARP. 921.

4. P. loandensis Welw. ex Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e.,
p. 329, and in DC., I.e., p. 342.

Diasperus loandensis O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 599.

LOANDA.— An undershrub, woody at the base ; stem erect, 2 to 3 ft.
high, branched ; branches virgate, elongated, very slender, erect-
spreading. In hilly bushy places on a clay soil behind Penedo, sparingly
and seen nowhere else ; fl. and fr. April to June 1858. No. 335.

5. P. floribundus Muell. arg. in Linnsea, xxxii. p. 14 (1863),
and in DC., I.e., p. 343 ; non H. B. & K.

Kirganelia (Anisonema) floribunda Baill. Adansonia i. p. 83
(1860). Diasperus Muellerianus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 597.

958 cxv. EUPHORBIACE^E. [Phyllanthus

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A shrub, much branched from the base, 4 to 7 ft.
high ; stipules at length hardened into recurved prickles ; flowers
(somewhat rosy. In but little damp thickets near Bango Aquitamba,
fl. beginning of Nov. 1855 ; in secondary thickets near Sange and
Bango, not uncommon, fr. Dec. 1855. No. 319. A shrub, 6 ft. high,
branched from the base ; stems purplish, spinulose. In moist thickets
at the rivulet Delamboa ; fl. beginning of Dec. 1855. No. 318.

AMBACA. — A shrublet, 3 to 4 ft. high, leafless at the time of the
young inflorescence ; stipules in the form of hooked-reflected prickles ;
flowers reddish. In bushy places by a dried-up stream near Hfdo on
the Ambaca road ; young fl. end of Sept. and beginning of Oct. 1856.
No. 320.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In female fl. Found with No. 317 (P.
odontadenius Muell. arg.) in herb. Welw. No. 317&.

6. P. reticulatus Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Meth. v. p. 298 (1804)
(reticulata).

Diasperus reticulatus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600.

a. genuinus Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 344.

LOAN DA. — An erect, much-branched shrub, as tall as a man ; leaflets
rather large and tomentose ; flowers bracteolate ; fruit depressedly
hemispherical, almost baccate, soft, blackish purple or rather turning
black. In thickets by ponds, rather rare and in very few spots, near
Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. 8 June 1858. No. 325.

BENGUELLA. — In bushy places flooded in summer, between Benguella
and the Cotumbella river ; fl. and fr. June 1859. No. 326.

ft. glaber Muell. arg., I.e., p. 345.

LOANDA.— A much-branched undershrub, 3 to 5 ft. high. By
water reservoirs near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr. May and Aug.
1854. No. 3256.

The species of Phyllantlius, referred to by Welwitsch in Ann. Cons.
Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May 1856), p. 250, n. 132, as an evergreen
shrub 6 to 7 ft. high, with the habit of a Bttxus and with somewhat
sweet blue-black berries eaten by the negroes, and as occurring at the
banks of the river Bengo in May 1854, perhaps belongs here.

7. P. purpureus Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 329, and in
DC., l.c., p. 349.

Diasperus purpureus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600.

MOSSAMEDES. — A shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high, bright purple on the main
stems and branches ; stems numerous, straight ; branches slender ;
flowers yellow. In gravelly places and in the bed of the river Maiombo
then dried up near Pedra de El Rei ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 329.

8. P. Welwitschianus Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 330,
and in DC., I.e., p. 351.

Diasperus Welwitschianus 0. Kuntze, l.c., p. 601.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A lovely, erect, virgate sbrublet, with glaucous
foliage. In bushy pastures on a clay subsoil, between Quitage and
Bumba ; by no means plentiful ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 330-
oft HUILLA.— A shrublet, scarcely a foot high or sometimes about
20 in. ; rootstock thick ; stems several, erect or ascending, purple ;
leaves oval or broadly elliptical, glaucescent, subsessile ; flowers
dioecious, greenish ; styles connate in a little tube ; stigmas bilobate.
In rocky places, on a clay soil, near Lopollo, in Morro de Monino, by
no means plentiful ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 331

Phyllanthus] cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. 959

9. P. Microdendron Welw. ex Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e.,
p. 330, and in DC., I.e., p. 359.

Diasperus Microdendron O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600.

HUILLA. — Distinguishable from its allies by the habit somewhat
like a little tree and by its usually larger flowers and fruits. In moist
hilly places among low bushes, between Nene and Lopollo : rather
rare ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1860. No. 334.

10. P. virgulatus Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 330, and
in DC., I.e., p. 360.

Diasperus virgulatus O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 601.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — Dioecious. In thickets on a sandy clay soil,
between Bumba and Condo, near the great cataract of the river
Cuanza ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 328.

11. P. prostratus Welw. ex Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e.,
p. 330, and in DC., I.e., p. 361.

Diasperus prostratus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600.

HUILLA. — A perennial herb or shrublet ; rootstock thick ; the
numerous stems and branches prostrate or prostrate-ascending, not
milky, with the habit of a Polygonum • leaves glaucescent ; flowers
from whitish to rosy or turning quite red ; fruit capsular. In elevated
pastures on sandy clay, Empalanca in the Lopollo country ; apparently
rather rare ; fl. and fr. beginning of Feb. and 21 March 1860. No. 333.
A prostrate, glaucescent, perennial herb, with many stems and white-
purple flowers. In hilly sandy parts of Humpata, above 5000 ft. alt. :
fr. 21 March 1860. COLL. CARP. 77.

12. P. maderaspatensis L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 982 (1753).
Diasperus maderaspatensis 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600.

Var. Thonningii Muell. arg. in DO., I.e., p. 362.

LOANDA. — Annual and biennial. In moist sparingly bushy grassy
places, flooded in summer, near Imbondeiro dos Lobos ; fl. and fr.
June 1858 ; also at Kepresa de Manuel Pereira van Huiien ; fl. and
fr. 16 July 1854. No. 321. Annual. Quicuxe ; fr. May 1854.
Determination very doubtful. COLL. CARP. 918.

13. P. odontadenius Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 331, and
in DC., I.e., p. 365.

Diasperus odontadenius 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In damp sandy sparingly bushy places on the
Calemba island in the river Cuanza, near Condo ; rather scarce ; in
beds of Scirpus or such-like plants ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 317.

14. P. benguelensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 331, and
in DC., I.e., p. 365.

Diasperus benguelensis 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 598.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An annual, erect, very slender herb. In sandy
bushy places at the banks of the river Cuanza, near Candumba ; fl.
and fr. March 1857. No. 315&.

BUMBO. — In fields where Arachis hypogwa L. had been cultivated,
tolerably abundant ; fl. and fr. June 1860. No. 315.

15. P. arvensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 332, and in
DC., I.e., p! 405.

Diasperus arvensis 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 598.

960 cxv. EUPHORBIACE^:. [Phyllanthus

HCILLA.— In fields cultivated with vegetables, near Lopollo ; fl.
beginning of Jan. 1860. Only one specimen in herb. No. 313.

16. P. Niruri L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 981 (1753); Muell. arg. in
DC., I.e., p. 406.

Diasperw Niruri 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600.

ft. genuinus Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 406.

LOANDA. — By dried-up swamps near Quicuxe, middle of July 1854.
At Maiango do Rei, 30 July 1854. An annual herb ; stem erect or
ascending, much branched ; leaves glaucescent-green ; flowers small,
from greenish to yellowish ; here and there in masses, in moist sandy
places and under the shade of shrubs, near Boa Vista and towards
Teba, fl. and fr. Dec. 1858. No. 314. A glaucous-green, leafy,
annual herb, a foot high. By dried-up swamps near Quicuxe ; fr.
July 1854. COLL. CARP. 919.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— In fields planted with Arachis hypogcea L., near
Sange ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1855. No. 310. In kitchen gardens near
Bango-Aquitamba ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1855. No. 311. At the margins
of fields near Undelle ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1856. No. 31U.

17. P. niruroides Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 331, and
in DC., I.e., p. 409.

Diasperus niruroides 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600.
SIERRA LEONE. — In deserted or neglected fields near Freetown ; fl.
and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 316.

18. P. microphyllinus Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 332,
and in DC., I.e., p. 409.

Diasperus microphyttimis 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 600.
PUNGO ANDONGO.— In mountainous cultivated places near the
presidium ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. Only one specimen. No. 312.

19. P. longifolius N. J. Jacquin, PL Ear. Hort. Schoenbr. ii.
p. 36, t. 194 (1797) (Ivngifolw).

Averrhoa atida L. Sp. PL, edit 1, p. 428 (1753). Cicea disticha
L. Mant. PL p. 124 (1767); Lam. Encycl. Meth. ii. p. 1 (1786),
and Tabl. t. 757, f. 1 (1798). P. Cheramda Roxb. Hort. Beng.
p. 104 (1813). P. Cicca Muell. arg. in Linnsea, xxxii. p. 50
(1863). P. distichus Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 413. Diasperws
dislichus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 599.

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.— A small, elegant tree, 8 ft. high ; leaves
at the tops of the branches contorted ; flowers yellowish, on the bare
older branches. In a place deserted after cultivation behind Villa da
Praia, m the island of S. Thiago only one tree seen, with comparatively
few flowers, probably introduced ; Jan. 1861. No. 3023.

The leaves are less acute than usual in the species.

20. P. discoideus Muell. arg. in Linnjea xxxii. p. 51 (1863),
and in DC., I.e., p. 416 ; Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 249 (1884).

Cicca discoidm Baill. Adansonia, L p. 85 (1860). Diasperus
discodeus 0. Kuntze, I.e.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A small, evergreen tree ; leaves somewhat fleshy,
obscurely green, somewhat glossy above, pallid beneath, distichous (as
are also the branches and branchlets) ; fruit tricoccous ; in mountainous
places, Altura do Cimiterio near Sange ; in young fr. 13 Dec 1854

Phyllanthus] cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. 961

A tree, not milky ; May. A tree, 30 ft. high, with adult leaves ;
Quisucula, June 1856. A tree, 25 to 30 ft. high or rarely smaller ;
leaves evergreen, coriaceous, glossy, almost fleshy ; in hilly places near
the Sange cemetery, sporadic ; adult leaves in June. A handsome tree,
30 to 50 ft. high ; wood white, excellent ; branches patent ; branchlets
and leaves distichous ; flowers dioecious ; in the primitive forests of
Quisucula, sporadic ; female fl. end of Sept. 1855, male fl. Oct. 1855.
A tree, 15 to 30 ft. high ; leaves deciduous, when fully developed
fleshy-coriaceous, as well as the branches distichous ; sap not milky,
watery ; in the same forests near Bango-Aquitamba and also near
Sange; fl. Oct. 1855. Native names "Caretete" or " Caletete " or
"Mutete." No. 340. The lichens nn. 99, 187, 192, 341, 379, and 380
grew on the trunks and branches of this tree.

PRINCE'S ISLAND. — A tree, 25 to 30 ft. high, with the habit almost
of a Celtis, at the time of flowering with imperfectly developed foliage ;
branches patent, branchlets numerous ; flowers yellowish greenish.
In primitive forests on Pico do Papagaio, at an elevation of 2000 ft. ;
fl. Sept. 1853. No. 339.

In Pungo Andongo the name " Mutete " is used for Pterocarpus
erinaceus Poir. ; Welw. herb. no. 1864 ; ante, p. 279.

According to Welwitsch's ms., '• Caretete," a tall tree with distant
leaves, grew in Pungo Andongo, and in the same district another tree,
15 to 20 ft. high, with larger fruit, also called " Caretete," grew in
small woods in the presidium.

7. FLUGGEA Willd. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 276.
1. F. microcarpa Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. p. 580 (1825).
Phyllanihus virows Roxb. ex Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 578 (1805).

Xylophylla obavata Willd. Enum. PI. Hort. Bot. Berol. p. 329
(1809). P. lucidus Hort. ex Willd. Erium., I.e. Phylanthus
angulatus Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Vidensk. Selsk. iv. p. 189
(1829). P. dioiwts Schum., I.e., p. 190. Secwrinega obovata Muell.
arg. in D<3. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 449 (1866). Acidoton obovatus 0.
Kuntze, Kev. Gen. PL ii. p. 592 (1891).

LOANDA. — A shrublet, 2 to 4 ft. high ; stems numerous, as well as the
branches whitish and angular ; leaves herbaceous, pallid-glaucescent
beneath, with pellucid veins ; flowers yellowish in the bud. In dry
bushy hilly places above Forte de Penedo and hi Adansonia plantations
near Cacuaco, rather rare ; fl. April 1854. No. 627.

BUMBO. — A tall shrub of 8 to 10 ft. in height, perhaps the young
state of a small tree ; head lax ; branches and branchlets spreading ;
flowers whitish. At the outskirts of primitive forests near Bumbo,
close to the base of the mountains of Serra da Xella, among other
shrubs ; not yet in good fl. Oct. 1859. No. 337.

In our specimens the leaves are small, ^ to f in. long, and the
branchlets are sometimes spinescent at the tip ; it is therefore difficult
to distinguish them from F. Leucopyru* Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 757 (1806),
the type species of the genus, although Muell. arg., I.e., quotes No. 337
under his S. obovata ; perhaps the two species will require to be
united.

8. CYCLOSTEMON Blume ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. p. 279.
1 . C. euryodes Hiern, sp. n.

A dirccious tree with the habit nearly of Eurya, an upgrowth
from a mutilated one when 10 to 12 ft. high having a trunk

62

962 cxv. EUPHORBIACE^:. [Cyclostemon

4 in. in diameter, glabrous except the inflorescence ; branches and
branchlets spreading, dichotomous, leafy, pallid, rather Blender ;
leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, narrowly acuminate at the apex,
somewhat unequal and cordate at the broad base, chartaceous,
pale green and shiny above, subglaucescent beneath, very shortly
petiolate, undulate and serrulate-crenulate on the margin, 2 to 4
in. long by f to 1£ in. broad ; venation slender, not conspicuous ;
stipules lanceolate", paucidenticulate, ciliate about the apex, very
deciduous ; female flowers axillary, yellowish, solitary, subsessile,
apetalous ; sepals 5, imbricate, rotund, \ to £ in. in diameter,
thickly beset with short hairs on both faces, shortly ciliate, thickly
coriaceous; disk hypogynous, saucer-shaped, \ in. in diameter,
unequally 5-cleft, somewhat fleshy, shortly ciliate ; the segments
broad, very obtuse, opposite the sepals ; ovary 2-celled, tomen-
tellous, somewhat compressed, subquadrate, i in. long and broad ;
styles very short; stigmas thick, dilated, J in. in diameter;
ovules geminate.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In wooded rocky parts of Barranco da Pedra
Songue, in the presidium, sporadic ; a few specimens in female fl. Jan.
1857. No. 1268.

This species has much the aspect of C. argutus Muell. arg., but it
differs by the subsessile flowers.

The following No. is perhaps a new species of this genus ; it has
the aspect of Sapotaceae : —

A very elegant bush, 5 to 12 ft. high, perhaps a young tree;
trunk straight ; branches glabrate, dark-ashy, nodulose or obtusely
tetragonal ; branchlets alternate, tawny-brown, puberulous or
tomentellous with short pallid hairs, leafy ; leaves alternate,
obovate-oblong or narrowly elliptical or oval, obtuse or subacute
at the apex, obtusely narrowed or subcuneate at the shortly
petiolate base, firmly and thinly coriaceous, subglabrate or with
scattered inconspicuous hairs and pale subglaucescent green above,
pilose along the raised tawny-brown midrib and drab beneath,
delicately penni veined, very delicately reticulate beneath, entire,
1 to 4i in. long by ^ to H in. broad ; petiole ^ to | in. long,
rather thick, hairy ; stipules roundish, about -^ in. long, densely
hairy on the back, glabrous within, very caducous; flowers
apparently dioecious ; the male flowers solitary geminate or
ternate, axillary or lateral on the branchlets, bibracteate at the
base, subglobose, subsessile or very shortly stalked ; bracts
roundish, tomentellous on the back, concave, about \ in. long ;
flower-buds subglobose, about \ in. long, tomentellous ; calyx
apparently consisting of about 5 imbricate rather thick broad
obtuse segments ; petals apparently 0 ; stamens numerous ;
filaments free among themselves ; ovary 0.

HUILLA.— In rocky moist parts of small woods between Catumba
and Ohai ; male fl-bud, beginning of April 18GO. No. 1273.

CXV. EUPHORBIACE.E. 963

9. PAIVJEUSA Welw. ex Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 993
(1867), and in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 20.

1. P. dactylophylla Welw. ex Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. i. p. 328
(1868), and in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 21, t. 7 (1869).

HUILLA. — A resinous tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, not or scarcely milky ;
trunk erect, straight, 2 to 6 in. in diameter at the base branches and
branchlets somewhat tortuous, very rigid, patent, tuberculate and
transversely very rough with the scars of fallen leaves ; leaves
deciduous, alternate, digitately 5- to 7-foliolate, apparently exstipulate ;
leaflets articulated to the common petiole, coriaceous, shining, tomen-
tose beneath ; common petiole long ; flowers dioecious ; male flowers
usually appearing in the absence of the leaves ; female flowers solitary
in the axils of the leaves at the ends of the congested branchlets, very
shortly pedunculate ; peduncle included in an adnate sheath which is
tridentate at the apex down to the middle; calyx 6- or 7- cleft, with
linear-subulate tomentose teeth ; disk annular ; ovary sessile, sur-
rounded at the base by the calyx-teeth, bilocular ; the cells bi-ovulate ;
the ovules pendulous geminately from the apex of the cell, anatropous ;
style simple, very short or obsolete ; stigma broadly bilobed ; the
lobes thick, stigmatose at the inner face ; epicarp bivalved ; pyrenes
long, enclosed in a somewhat fleshy mucous membrane ; seeds exal-
buminous ; testa (unripe) somewhat fleshy. In rather dry spots in the
less dense forests between Lopollo and the river Monino, sparingly, in
company with Combretacese, Myrtaceaa, and Proteaceas ; male and
female fl. and fr. towards the end of Feb. 1860. The specimens with
male flowers were plucked in great haste, for the tree on which they
grew was within the range of the storming hordes of the Munanos
savages with whom war was being waged. No. 452, COLL. CARP. 955.

10. OLDFIELDIA Benth. & Hook. ; B. & H. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 281.
1. 0. africana Benth. & Hook, in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. p. 185,

t. 6 (1850).

SIERRA LEONE. — A tall extensive tree, with the habit entirely of a
Vitex, apetalous, dioecious ; wood excellent, whitish ; leaflets quite
glabrous, coriaceous, much acuminate ; stamens 2 to 7 ; filaments
straight, unequal in length ; anthers basifixed, rotundate-ellipsoidal,
bilocular ; the cells opposite, longitudinally dehiscent. In woods on
the north side of the colony, where it forms vast forests and whence
it is exported in large quantities under the name of "African Teak"
for ship-building ; male fl. Sept. 1853. No. 478.

11. UAPACA Baill. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 282.

1. U. benguelensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 332 (Nov.
1864), and in DC., I.e., p. 491 ; Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 249 (1884)
(U. benguellensis).

HUILLA. — A handsome tree, usually 15 to 20 sometimes 25 to 30 ft.
high or even more, with the habit of Mamboga stipulosa (Welw. herb,
no. 3027) or of Anthocleista macrantha Gilg. (Welw. herb. no. 6021),
evergreen, not milky, flowering when only 8 ft. high; trunk 1 to 1£ ft.
in diameter at the base ; branches spreading, whitish, as well as the
branchlets marked with scars and longitudinal cracks ; leaves crowded
at the tips of the branchlets, obovate, dryly coriaceous, hard, glossy
above, greenish-yellowish beneath, persistent ; petiole short, furnished
on each side with a long linear quickly deciduous stipule ; flowers
apetalous, clustered in bundles on the leafless parts of the branchlets ;

gg4 CXV. EUPHORBIACEjE. [UdpOCd

involucre composed of several segments, corolliform, yellowish; several
male flowers densely clustered about a fleshy stalk ; bracteoles
membranous, denticulate ; stamens 4 to 6 ; anthers resembling those
of Urticacese, inserted around a fleshy bilobed column by means of the
flattened filaments. In the less dense rather dry forests between
Lopollo and the river Monino, sporadic and rather rare, in company
with species of Combretaceae (cf. Combretum ptidioidei Welw. herb,
no. 4379) and Leucadendron ; male fl. Feb. 1860. No. 453. A tree,
about 15 ft. high, not flowering at the end of March 1860, in the same
locality as the last No. ; apparently the same species, although the
leaves do not narrow so gradually towards the base. No. 454. A tree
of 15 to 25 ft. or in thickets and secondary woods 8 to 10 ft. high ;
trunk attaining nearly a foot, usually about 6 in. in diameter, with a
dense head ; the spreading branches and branchlets scattered or
opposite, tortuous, divaricate, somewhat cinereous, tuberculate with
the large scars of fallen leaves ; leaves alternate, crowded at the tops
of the branchlets, elliptical, very hard-coriaceous, penninerved, marked
beneath with the very thick midrib and prominent acutely edged
lateral nerves, whitish-lepidote, and with somewhat crisp hairs at the
transverse veins, pale green above but little glossy and marked with
the impressed nerves ; petioles § to | in. long, articulate to the branch-
lets ; flowers typically dioecious, from whitish to pale yellow, the
female ones as large as a moderate-sized pea, solitary in the axils of the
leaves, subsessile or very shortly pedunculate ; peduncles cinnamon-
tomentose ; calyx tetraphyllous, the segments opposite, the outer ones
much the smaller, bracteole-like and tomentose, the inner ones sub-
corolline and tomentose on the keel ; petals 5 to 7 or rarely 8, inserted
on a somewhat fleshy torus, some opposite to the calyx-segments,
others alternate to them, obovate-elliptical, concave, connivent during
the flowering, whitish or yellowish, soon turning dusky and deciduous,
imbricate in the bud, unequal in size and shape ; disk fleshy, glandular,
shallowly cupulif orm, 6- or 7-lobed, surrounding the base of the ovary ;
ovary sessile, large, globose-ellipsoidal, obtusely angular, densely
tomentose, 4-celled ; the cells bi-ovulate ; the ovules collateral,
pendulous from the top of the central angle of the columnar placenta,
elongated ; stigma sessile, very large, radiately 4-lobed ; the lobes
yellow, somewhat fleshy, flabellate in outline, digitately multifid,
covering the whole of the ovary in the bud, persistent ; fruit
ellipsoidal, 6-ribbed, as large as a full-sized olive, 3-celled,
monospermous ; endocarp juicy-fleshy, bitter to the taste like pitch,
reddish. In thin rather dry forests, at an elevation of 5000 to 5500 ft.,
between Lopollo and the great lake of Ivantala, chiefly at No Monino,
rather rare, in company with species of Acacia (cf. A. robutta Burch.;
Welw. herb. no. 1833), Combretaceae (cf. Combretum psidwide* Welw.
herb. no. 4379), Myrtacese (cf. Eugenia guineeiisis, var. huilkiisit ;
Welw. herb. no. 4403), and Proteacese ; male fl. 1 March 1860, female
fl. 13 March, end of March and 12 April 1860, ripe fr. 10 May 1860.
No. 455. A tree with large alternate coriaceous leaves. In forests
near Lopollo ; submature fr. April 1860, COLL. CARP. 241.

The sap is thin and whitish at first, but soon coagulates and turns
yellow-dusky and glossy like resin ; the fruit is said to be edible, but
this statement is very doubtful. The native name is "N-bulla."
Welwitsch collected his specimens and hastily examined them during
the Monano war ; he added that the calyx-segments pass gradually
into the petals so that it becomes very difficult to decide precisely
what belongs to the calyx and what to the corolla ; only the two

Uapaca\ cxv. EUPHORBIACE^E. 965

outer calyx- segments are calycine. In the description of the parts of
the flowers given above, the terminology used by Welwitsch has
been followed ; though perhaps the flowers would be better regarded
as apetalous.

" N-bula " is the name of the fruit of a small tree which occurs
between Lombe and Condo in Pungo Andongo ; it is the size of a
walnut and the taste is very sweet and aromatic.

12. ANTIDESMA Burm., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 284.

1. A. venosum Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, xv. p. 232 (1851);
Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 260 (1866).

A bifrons Tul., I.e., p. 229. A. rufescens Tul., I.e., p. 231.
A. Boivinianum Baill. Adansonia ii. p. 45 (1861).

BARRA DO BENGO. — A small tree of 15 ft. high or in secondary
thickets only a shrub of 5 to 6 ft. ; flowers from greenish to yellowish.
In palm groves consisting of Elvis guineensis Jacq., between
Quifandongo and the mouth of the river Bengo, sparingly ; male fl.
Dec. 1853. No. 403.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In the secondary woods of Sobato de Bango
Aquitamba ; female fl. Jan. 1855. No. 402. A low tree, with an
ample crown ; branches patent ; leaves subcoriaceous ; unripe berries
or drupes somewhat vermilion. In the forests of Sobato de Mussengue
(Cam. de Muss.) ; young fr. April 1855. No. 402 b.

The Lichen n. 275 in Sobata Mussengue in April 1855 grew on the
leaves of an arborescent Antidesma, probably this species.

2. A. membranaceum Muell. arg. in Linnsea xxxiv. p. 68
(1865), and in DC., I.e., p. 261.

Var. molle Muell. arg. (ll.cc.).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A small, dioecious tree, 8 to 15 ft. high, with a
densely leafy head and the habit of Salix caprea L. ; leaves subcoriaceous,
glossy. In secondary thickets close to the road to Banza de Bango
near Bango 'Aquitamba, male fl. Feb. and Mar. 1855 ; also at
Capopa, with male and female fl. and fr. No. 405. A tree 10 to 15
ft. high ; branches divaricately patent ; leaves subcoriaceous ; flowers
dioecious, amentaceous, spicate. In wooded secondary thickets between
Sange and Bango Aquitamba ; unripe fr. May 1855. No. 406. A
young tree never seen to flower, with somewhat the habit of Mutuje
(Myristica angolensis Welw. herb. nos. 781 and 782). At the banks of
the river Cuango, April 1856. Leaves ranging up to 11 in. long by
4£ in. broad. Determination doubtful. No. 6706 b.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A loosely branched tree, 10 to 15 ft. high or
occasionally attaining 25 ft., with the habit almost of Salix caprea L. ;
leaves softly coriaceous, deep green ; fruit drupaceous or baccate,
bright scarlet or brick-red when ripe, monopyrenous. In thickets at
the sides of the gigantic rocks of the presidium, rather rare, fr. end
of Jan. 1857 ; also in damp wooded rocky places in Barranco de
Songue, fr. Feb. 1857. No. 404.

This is apparently the Antidesmacea mentioned by Welwitsch,
Apontam. p. 547, n. 72 (1859).

The following No., with comparatively large (6 to 7 in. long
by 3^ to 4 in. broad) and nearly glabrate foliage, may be com-
pared with this species and its varieties ; in the absence of flowers
there is no certainty.

ggg cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. [Anticksma

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A shrub 2 or 3 ft. high or perhaps a young tree.
By the Ambaca road, without fl. or fr., Febr. 1855. No. 6706 c.

13. HYMENOCARDIA Wall.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl.iii. p. 285-
1 H. acida Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, xv. p. 256 (1851) ;
Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 477 (1866) ; Oliv. & Grant in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 145, t. 94 (1875).

AMBACA.— A much branched shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; stems erect :
branches patent, as well as the branchlets brickred-pulverulent ; leaves
membranous, yellowish-lepidote beneath, the adult ones coriaceous ;
flowers dioecious. By thickets between N-gombe and Puri Cacarambola,
sparingly ; fl. and unripe fr. Oct. 1856. No. 414. A patently branched
shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; stems numerous ; leaves glossy, somewhat fleshy
and rigid, subglaucescent ; fruit samaroid, obcordate, flatly compressed,
purplish ; styles 2. At the same place as the last No. ; ripe fr. Oct.

1856. No. 414&.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A shrub, 5 to 6 or occasionally only 3 ft. high ;
branches and branchlets rigid, very hard ; leaves coriaceous, glossy,
hard, glandular-punctate beneath ; fruit rosy-greenish-yellowish or
rosy-purple. In thickets at the banks of the river Luxillo ; f r. Feb.

1857. No. 413.

HUILLA. — A small, tortuously branched tree of 6 to 10 ft. or usually
a shrub 5 ft. high ; leaves glandular-punctate beneath. In rather open
woods among shrubs, at the Lopollo cataract, between Lopollo and
Monino, in company with Sapindacese (Dwlonmi vixcosa Jacq. ; Welw.
herb. no. 1692) and Myrtaceae (cf. Eugenia guineenais, var. huillenais ;
Welw. herb. no. 4402) ; also in the Proteaceous forests of the Monino ;
fr. Nov. and Dec. 1859. No. 4126. A shrub as tall as a man,
occasionally arborescent and 8 ft. high ; branches divaricate ; leaves
clothed beneath with sulphur or saffron-coloured glands ; flowers
reddish. In elevated rocky places in Morro de Lopollo on the high
plateau of Huilla towards Nene ; male fl. Feb. 1860. No. 412.

At Malange it is called " Mupeixe "; see Bol. Soc. Brot. xvi. p. 55
(1899).

2. H. ulmoides Oliv. in Hook. Ic. PI. xii. p. 29, 1. 1131 (1873) ;
Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 5, fig. 19, A— C
(p. 29) (1890).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A tree 20 to 30 ft. high, at times only a shrub of
3 to 8 ft. ; trunk 12 to 16 in. in diameter at the base, straight ; head
widely spreading ; habit like an elm or Myrtaceous ; flowers dioecious ;
female flowers reddish, apetalous ; calyx deeply 5-partite, almost
5-sepalous; the segments lanceolate, sometimes entire and acute, in
other cases with two of them bilobed almost to the middle and broader
than the rest ; ovary flattened, bilocular, the cells bi-ovulate, the ovules
pendulous from the apex of the cells ; styles 2, elongated, diverging ;
fruit samaroid, lyrate, with a deep narrow incision at the apex,
emarginate with the angle rounded and the rounded lobes incumbent
at the apex, reddish or rosy greenish in the living state ; seeds ^ in.
long, black ; testa minutely wrinkled ; embryo straight, | in. long ;
cotyledons thinly membranous, whitish, elongate-ovate, obtuse, tri-
nerved at the base, the lateral nerves short, the intermediate nerve
running the whole length of the lamina ; radicle cylindrical, clavate,
half as long as the cotyledons or a little shorter ; albumen somewhat
horny. In the less dense primitive forests at the banks of the river

Hymenocardia\ cxv. EUPHORBIACE^E. 967

Cuango, occasional ; female fl. Dec. 1855, fr. June 1856. No. 410.
Alto Queta ; fl. and fr. Feb., May and June 1855. No. 410&.

CAZENGO. — A much-branched tree 12 ft. high, with a dense head.
In wooded rocky places on the right bank of the river Luinha, at an
elevation of about 1800 feet ; ripe fr. June 1855. No. 411.

In Golungo Alto the native name is " G-usuzu " (used also for
Combretum dipterum Welw,) ; the Cabinda name is " Sanha."

14. THECACORIS Adr. Juss. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen PI. iii. p. 286.
1. T. Trichogyne Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 328 (1864),

and in DO. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 246 (1866).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A small, sparingly and patently branched tree,
10 to 15 ft. high ; head lax ; branches and branchlets slender, some-
what flexuous ; leaves coriaceous, somewhat shining ; flowers greenish,
the male ones like those of Antidesma. In small woods at the rivulet
Tangue near the prsesidium, without fl. or fr. Dec. 1856 ; also in the
wooded parts of Barranco de Pedra Songue in the presidium, sparingly ;
male fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. No. 415.

15. MICRODESMIS Planch. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 287.
1. M. puberula Hook. f. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 514. t. 26 (1849) ;

Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1041 (1866).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An evergreen tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, with a broad
leafy head, twisted branches, pendulous branchlets, and baccate fruit ;
unripe berries exactly spherical, green, borne on a pentaphyllous calyx,
apiculate with the remains of the styles, trispermous. In the shady
forests of the Alto Queta mountains at the base of the Serra, from
Camilungo to Sange, sporadic ; young fr. June 1855. No. 356. A
small tree, with twisted branches, drooping or pendulous branchlets
and pentamerous orange-red flowers. In the very dense Alto Queta
forests, rather rare ; male fl. beginning of June 1855. No. 355b. A
small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high ; head widely spreading ; trunk branching
at the height of 4 to 5 ft. ; branches divaricate, at length quite patent,
with drooping branchlets and virgate twigs ; leaves evergreen, glabrous
except very sparse hairs, thinly coriaceous, elliptical, scarcely pellucid-
punctate, deep green and glossy above, pallid and remarkably glossy
beneath ; flowers dioecious, axillary ; peduncles unequal ; calyx of the
female flowers subcampanulate, 5-cleft, with obtuse ciliate segments ;
petals 5, obliquely obovate, imbricate in the bud, rotately patent in
the flower, bright scarlet or whitish-red, white-tomentellous outside,
ciliate on the margin, hypogynous ; ovary central, obovoid, subsessilo,
somewhat flat at the top, crowned with 6 penicillate stigmas which
radiate from the centre towards the circumference ; half -ripe capsule
green, subglobose, more or less conspicuously trisulcate outside or
tricoccous, trilocular ; the cells monospermous. In the more elevated
dense primitive forests of mount Cungulungulo in Sobato Cabanga
Cacalungo and in the Alto Queta mountains, sporadic ; female fl. and
young fr. beginning of Nov. and 4 Dec. 1855, and in Feb. and March
1856. No. 355.

The following No. appears to be an undescribed species of
Microdesmis : —

A dioecious tree ; trunk branchedly spiny ; leaves oval, shortly
and obtusely subacuminate at the apex, nearly rounded unequal
and inconspicuously 3- to 5-nerved at the base, thinly coriaceous,

968 cxv. EUPHORBiACEjE. [Microdesmis

glabrous, distantly penniveined above the base, delicately re-
ticulate, 3£ in. long by 2 in. broad, somewhat glossy on both
faces, slightly paler beneath, remotely crenate-serrate ; petiole
somewhat dusky, channelled above, i in. long; infrutescence
racemose or further branched, glabrous; pedicels about |- in.
long, often lenticellate, patent ; fruit ellipsoidal, longitudinally
marked with 5 or 6 broad ridges and intervening furrows,
transversely furrowed across the middle, glabrous or minutely
glandular, narrowed near the apex where it is crowned with
the persistent glabrous reflected adpressed 5 or 6 styles which
are connate at the base somewhat dilated at the apex and
measure -^ to T*T in. long, narrowed near the base where remains
the small glabrous or minutely glandular 5-cleft calyx, 5- or
6-celled, indehiscent, f in. long, i in. in diameter ; seeds solitary
in the cells.

GOLUXGO ALTO.— Among the Queta mountains ; fr. Dec. 1855.
COLL. CARP. 934.

16. JATROPHA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 290.

1. J. Curcas L. Sp. PL edit. 1, p. 1006 (1753) ; Muell. arg. in
DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1080 (1866); Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 250
(1884); Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 5, fig. 45
(p. 75) (1890).

Curcas purgans Medic. Malv. Fam. p. 119 (1787); Welw.
Apontam. p. 564, sub n. 153 (1859).

GoLUNGO ALTO. — Usually a shrub of 5 to 7 ft., but in the moun-
tainous parts of Sobato de Bumba and also near Bango arborescent
with a trunk 8 to 10 ft. high and 9 in. in diameter. Everywhere wild
about negro villages ; also far from the dwellings of the natives in
lonely places, and at the outskirts of thickets especially on a poor soil,
sporadic nearly always, rarely in groups ; also cultivated by fences as
well as occasionally quasi-spontaneous, as for instance about Bango
Aquitamba at Cerco do Cimiterio de Bango ; fl. Dec. 1854 and Feb.
1855. The so-called " tapumes " (enclosures) round the " cubatas "
(huts) of the negroes are frequently made of these bushes. No. 303.
No notes ; fr. COLL. CARP. 928.

The negroes call this plant " Mupuhica." Two or three of the seeds
for a dose are used as a purgative medicine.

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— No notes. Leaves only. Local name
" Glon." Determination quite doubtful. No. 6766. Fr. Dec. 1860.
Called " Purgo do Ilha de S. ThoimV Apparently this plant. COLL.
CARP. 929.

The following No. somewhat resembles this species, but the
branches, petioles and nerves of the leaves are pubescent and
the leaf -blades are denticulate with the short productions of the
veinlets beyond the margins; if of this genus, it is probably a
distinct species : —

GOLUXGO Ai/ro.-A small tree, 4 ft. high; branches virgate-
elongated, erect-spreading, here and there aculeate. In the rather
forests near SanSe : ^thout fl. or fr. May 1856.

CXV. EUPHORBIACE^I. 969

2. J. glandulifera Roxb. Hort. Bengal, p. 69 (1814), and Fl.
Ind. iii. p. 688 (1832) ; Muell. arg., I.e., p. 1084.

J. glauca Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 558 (1805), excl. syn. ; non Vahl
(1790). J. gossypitfolia Welw. Apontam. p. 564, sub n. 153
(1859), vix J. gossypifolia L. (1753).

LOANDA. — An undershrub, leafless at the time of gathering ; root
thick ; stems erect, viscid ; flowers red. In very dry places on hard
sand soon after the first spring rains ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1853 and Sept.
1854. No. 309. A perennial herb, 1 to 2 ft. high, sometimes in every
respect herbaceous, in other cases suffruticose, with a thick deeply
descending monocephalous or dicephalous juicy root, strongly resem-
bling mandioc in habit, remarkable for the presence of red-headed
stalked viscid glands on the margins of the leaves and around the
stipules ; leaves herbaceous-green, glaucescent-pallid beneath ; flowers
bright scarlet, occurring twice in a year, first without the leaves after
the October to December rains, and the second time with the leaves.
In the drier, sparingly bushy pastures near Loanda, plentiful and
ubiquitous at Penedo, Maianga do Povo, etc. ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1853
and Jan. and June 1854. No. 308. At Penedo ; capsules and seeds
Jan. 1858. COLL. CARP. 927.

This is the undershrub with scarlet flowers related to the genus
Jatroplt-a, which was mentioned by Welw. in Ann. Cons. Ultramar.
Lisb., No. 7, Aug. 1854, p. 84, n. 87.

3. J. glauca Vahl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 78 (1790) ; non Willd.
(1805).

Croton lobatum Forsk. Fl. ^Egypt.-Arab. pp. xcviii. cxxi. 162
(1775). J. lobata Muell. arg., I.e., p. 1085.

Var. senegalensis (Muell. arg., I.e., p. 1086).

MOSSAMEDES. — An erect, branched, fleshy shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high ;
flowers yellowish ; capsules as big as a walnut, or even bigger. By
fences around cotton plantations half wild and in thickets at the
edges of mandioc fields near the mouth of the river Bero ; perhaps
formerly introduced ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 299.

4. J. multifida L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 1006 (1753) ; Muell. arg.,
I.e., p. 1089.

SIERRA LEONE. — An undershrub or even a shrub of 6 to 8 ft. high ;
stems, branches and leaves somewhat fleshy ; flowers brilliantly scarlet.
Cultivated everywhere by dwellings and also wild in many parts of
the district ; about Freetown, fl. and fr. Sept. 1853. No. 298.

It is cultivated also at Mossamedes. This is apparently the small
very elegant tree, with multifid leaves and scarlet corymbose flowers,
occurring by fences near Freetown in Sept. 1853, which was mentioned
by Welwitsch, I.e., p. 80, n. 16.

17. CROTON L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 293.

1. C. Mubango Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 338 (1864), and
in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 514 (1866) ; Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 251
(1884).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A very elegant tree, 12 to 20 ft. high ; trunk
G to 12 in. in diameter ; head widely spreading, depressed at the
top, dense, party-coloured ; branches patent : branchlets drooping ;
flowers monoecious, white, spicately racemose or typically racemose,
the racemes drooping. In rather dry sandy hilly places about negro

970 cxv. EUPHORBIACE^:. [Croton

villages, plentiful, after the manner of elms in Europe, thriving well
in Sobato de Bumba ; fl. and young fr. 22 Oct. 1855. No. 348. A
tree of moderate size, with discolorous leaves and racemose monoecious
flowers. At the outskirts of forests near Sange, fr. ; also frequently
cultivated. COLL. CARP. 930.

This tree is a frequent ornament of the hilly borders of forests on
the interior plateau of Angola, particularly in the districts of Golungo
Alto, Ambaca, and Pungo Andongo ; it varies, according to the nature
and humidity of the soil, etc., in the breadth and even in the silky
lining of its leaves; the younger plants and the shoots from the
stumps of old trees always have broader leaves, and the stipules are
more luxuriant ; the largest leaves fall off at the time of flowering.
The negroes of Golungo Alto call the tree " Mubango " ; and the root,
as well as the brown gum which exudes from the trunk, is used by
the native medical men as a drastic purgative, in the form of a
decoction together with that of the root of Mundondo (cf . Chlorocodon
Whiteii Hook. f. and Tylophora conspicua N. E. Br.). A decoction
of the rind of the root, mixed with the leaves or stems of Mobiro
(cf. Adenia lobata Engl.), is an excellent anthelmintic remedy. (See
Welw. Synopse Explic. p. 32, n. 78, p. 37, n. 99, p. 56, sub n. 146).
The dose as a purge is a teaepoonf ul of the Mubango powder for an
adult person. The wood is white and firm, but easily cracks ; when
in flower the tree is much frequented by bees ; the fruit is tricoccous
and nearly the size and colour of a medlar. Welwitsch very highly
recommended this tree for planting at Loanda on account of the
excellent shade which it affords and because it thrives well in a
parched nearly rainless climate and not less so in a rich soil ; it
remains to be proved whether it dislikes the seaside.

In Loanda the name " Mubanga " or " Mubango " is used for a
very different tree, namely, Acacia Wchcitschii Oliv. ; Welw. herb,
no. 1806. According to Welwitsch's ms. the Euphorbiaceous Mubango
is a common tree in the district of Pungo Andongo.

2. C. Welwitschianns Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 338,
and in DC., I.e., p. 515.

HUILLA.— A small tree ; head fastigiate ; branches and branchlets
verticillate ; leaves very bright green above. In rather dense forest
near Lopollo, where the Munanos' camp was erected, in company with
species of Mimosese (cf. Gigalobium abysHinicum ; Welw. herb. no.
17826), Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. (Welw herb. no. 3524), and
Proteaceae ; scarcely in good fl. beginning of April 1860. No. 341.

3. C. Draconopsis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 338, and
in DC., I.e., p. 522.

AMBRIZ.— A small tree ; branches elongated, rambling, leafy at the
apex. In damp forests near Ambriz, in company with Flagellaria
gumeensis Schum. (Welw. herb. no. 3009) ; fl. Nov. 1853. No. 343.

CAZENGO.— A tree of 20 ft. high (at the time of gathering a young
one) ; branches patent ; branchlets and flowering spikes erect. In
the more elevated primitive forests in Serra de Muxaula, rather rare ;
fl. Dec. 1854. No. 347.

GOLUXGO ALTO.— A tree, 6 to 8 in. in diameter at the base of the
trunk, the sole remains of the burnt tree ; branches springing round
the trunk crowded, erect, hispid with hairs directed backwards ; bark
grey, as are also the petioles of the leaves. On the left bank of the
river Cuango, at the outskirts of palm groves, among maize crops ;
without fl. or fr. end of Aug. 1855. Collected also in the same place

Croton] cxv. EUPHORBIACE^E. 971

in Oct. 1855, when the leaves had already begun to wither and the
large lower leaves had all fallen. No. 445. A small tree, 7 to 8 ft.
high ; trunk 4 in. in diameter ; leaves membranous, rather rigid ;
flowers white, very caducous. In secondary thickets on the right bank
of the river Cuango, behind Rodrigo's cubata ; male fl. beginning of
Jan. 1856. Also young branches or trunks of a burnt tree, 6 ft. high;
all the lower leaves very large and as well as the stem lepidote-branny ;
in a " varzea " (moist meadow) in the same locality; sterile fl. Feb. 1856.
No. 345. A robust shrub, perhaps a tree ; branches long, ascending ;
lower leaves very large ; flowers white. In secondary thickets of
declivities close to the banks of the river Cuango ; fl. beginning of
March 1856. No. 3476.

On the leaves of this tree grew the Fungus n. 77, Exosporium celatum
A. L. Sm. in Journ. Bot. xxxvi. p. 179 (\$&$) = Sporidesmium celatum
Welw. and Curr. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. p. 292 (1868).

The following No. possibly belongs here : —
GOLUNGO ALTO. — An undershrub or a shrub, subsequently burnt
down. Below Rodrigo's house ; leaves only. No. 6731.

4. C. oxypetalus Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 339, and
in DC., I.e., p. 543.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high ; head broadly frondose,
widely spreading, hemispherical, depressed at the top ; leaves of full-
grown trees sulphur-yellow beneath ; flowers monoecious, yellowish.
In rather dense forests in Mata de Cabondo in the presidium, sporadic ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1856 to March 1857. Native name " Mubango de
Cabondo." No. 346.

5. C. pyrifolius Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 338, and in
DC., I.e., p. 550.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A broadly frondose tree, 20 ft. high ; trunk
!•£ ft. in diameter at the base ; flowers monoecious, white ; habit like
a poplar's. In forests at the river Quiapoze in Sobato de Mussengue,
fl. beginning of Jan. 1856 ; and at Bumba de Bango, fl. beginning of
Jan. 1855 ; also in rather elevated dense primitive forests at the
Capopa spring near Sange, Jan. to March 1856. This tree prefers the
densest forests ; the native name is " Mubango i& muxito." No. 344.

The Fungus n. 412 grew on the small trunk of a Croton (perhaps
this species) in Mata de Quibanga in Jan. 1855.

6. C. angolensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 339, and in
DC., I.e., p. 602.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A shrub, 5 to 6 ft. high ; branches virgate,
spreading, leafy towards the apex. Seen only in the shady wooded
part of Mata de Pungo, near Pungo Andongo ; one individual, with
very few flowering shoots ; male fl. Jan. 1857. No. 392.

18. RICINODENDRON Muell. arg.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PL iii. p. 297.

1. R. africanum Muell. arg. in Flora 1864, p. 533 (9 Nov.) and
in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1111 (1866) (africanus) ; Ficalho, PI.
Uteis, p. 251 (1884).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, or rarely more, with its
trunk straight, and from its base to two-thirds of its height divested
of branches, somewhat resembling a large Carica Papaya L. ; wood

972 cxv. EUPHORBIACEJS. [Ricinodendron

white and even in grain like that of a TiUa and used for the same
purposes ; bark of the branches and upper part of the trunk bright
herbaceous-green, smooth, deeply furrowed, thin, patent, crowded
at the top of the trunk ; leaves palmate ; leaflets 5 to 7, peltately
arranged ; petiole very long, bi-stipulate at the base ; stipules lateral,
large uniform, crest-like, digitately laciniate, or deeply dentate-
fimbriate on the margin, spreading horizontally, semi-amplexicaul ;
flowers dioecious, lightly paniculate, the whole inflorescence from
dusky to yellowish tomentose ; corolla of the male flowers yellowish ;
glands among the stamens 5, large. Sap thin, and of nearly every
part greenish-watery and viscid ; at length when dry forming a brown
resin In the elevated primitive forests of Serra de Alto Queta, in
the Sobatos of Bumba and Banga Aquitamba and near Banza de
Bumba, sporadic; without fl. June 1855; with fl. 22 Oct. 1855.

OAZENOO. — A tree, 20 to 40 ft. high ; head widely spreading ; wood
whitish, like that of TiUa ; leaves 5- to 7-clef t ; flowers dioecious. By
a road ; fr. June 1855. COLL. CARP. 931.

Negro name " Munguella."

The following No. perhaps belongs here; the negroes of the
district also call it " Munguella " : —

CAZENGO.— A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high ; trunk bare for a long distance
from below, loosely branched at the apex ; branches patent-erect,
elongated, leafless at the base, furnished towards the apex with long-
stalked leaves ; leaflets (in one case) 7, elliptical-oblong, cuspidate at
the apex, wedgeshaped to the sessile base, thinly coriaceous, glabrous,
deep green and somewhat glossy above, paler beneath, entire or with

laugiiig up uv A^ J.U. Airug, vi^cpij j.uii \STTCVI, gActfc/iwua. J

elevated dense primitive forests of Serra de Muxaula ; without fl. or

19. MANNIOPHYTON MuelL arg. ; Benth. & Hook, f. Gen.
PI. iii. p. 297.

AnisochlamysWelw. ex Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 332 (1864).

1. M. fulvum Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., and in DC. Prodr.
xv. 2, p. 720 (1866).

Anisochlamys polymorpha Welw. ex Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot.,?.c.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A shrub climbing among other shrubs, with
sarmentose branches, 12 to 20 ft. long, beset with straight rigid
horizontally spreading stinging hairs ; sap watery; leaves very variable
in shape ; flowers dioecious. Calyx of the male flowers bifid or trifid,
the lobes irregular and obsoletely 1- to 2- toothed at the apex ; corolla
from whitish to yellowish, cyathiform-campanulate, irregularly den-
ticulate at the mouth, inserted at the bottom of the calyx, strictly
gamopetalous; stamens more than 12, inserted without order on the
thin glandular disk which is hispidulous on the margin, as long as the
corolla ; anthers cordate, introrse, bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally,
exserted or subexserted, yellowish ; rudiments of the ovary 0. Calyx
of the female flower regularly 5-toothed, almost 5-lobed, the teeth
acute ; petals 5, obovate, yellow-greenish, inserted at the outer base
of the glandular thin disk, larger and longer than the calyx, patent
at the time of the flowering ; ovary sessile on the disk, hispid ; styles
archmg-patent, stigmatose at the apex. In the dense primitive forests

CXV. EUPHORBIACE^. 973

of the mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, not uncommon ; fl. begin-
ning of Dec. 1855 ; also at the banks of the rivulet Gate in Sobato
de Bumba, not plentiful ; leaves deeply trifid ; without fl. Jan. 1855.
No. 349. A scandent shrub, with very polymorphous foliage. In
the denser forests of the Queta mountains ; without fl. Dec. 1855.
No. 350. A robust, climbing shrub, with stinging leaves and a
Menispermaceous habit. Queta Carengue ; fr. May 1856. COLL.
CARP. 933.

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. — In wooded mountainous places at Fazenda
do Monte Gaffe ; without fl. Dec. 1860. Called " Congo gloncongo."
Leaves not trifid, very like the usual ones in this species. No. 463.

20. CLUTIA Boerh., L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 302
(Cluytia).

1. C. benguelensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 337 (1864),
and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1052 (1866) (Cluytia).

HUILLA. — A perennial herb, with the habit of the genus and of
Phyllanthus ; rootstock< very thick, woody, polycephalous ; stems
several, 1 to 1£ ft. long and more ; straight, but little branched ;
leaves glaucescent, somewhat fleshy ; flowers yellowish. In rocky
thickets near Mumpulla, plentiful, in company with species of Gnidia
(cf . G. Rendlei ; Welw. herb. no. 6478), Thesium (cf. T. lopollense ;
Welw. herb. no. 6437), Osyris abyssinica Hochst. (Welw. herb,
no. 6438), and other Euphorbiacese ; fl. Oct. 1859. No. 338.

21. AGROSTISTACHYS Dalz. (1850); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. iii. p. 302.

1. A. africana Muell. arg. in Flora, 1864, p. 534, and in DC.
Prodr. xv. 2, p. 725 (1866).

ISLAND of ST. THOMAS. — In mountainous primitive forest, about
2000 ft. alt., at Fazenda de Monte Caffe" ; unripe fr. Dec. 1860.
No. 441.

22. MANIHOT Adans. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii p. 306.
1. M. utilissima Pohl, PI. Bras. i. p. 32, t. 24 (1827) ; Muell.

arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1064 (1866); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 251
(1884) : Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 5, fig. 49
(p. 80) (1891).

Jatropha Manihot L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 1007 (1753). M. edule
A. Rich, in Ramon de la Sagra Hist. Cuba, xi. p. 208 (1850);
Welw. Apontam. p. 563, sub n. 153 (1859) (edulis). M. Aipi
Welw., I.e., p. 564 ; non Pohl.

LOANDA.— Very frequently cultivated throughout the district, but
rarely flowering- ; at Eepresa do Magellaes near Boa Vista ; fl. and fr.
end of March 1854. No. 301.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A slender shrub, 6 to 9 ft. high. In the very
dense forests of Cungulungulo near Vistalegre, quasi-spontaneous ;
without fl. or fr. Feb. 1855. No. 302.

MOSSAMEDES. — An undershrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; stems and petioles
rosy-purplish; flowers yellowish. Cultivated in krge quantities
throughout the district for the sake of its tuberous root, which weighs
from 5 to 25 lb., and is by no means so poisonous as is commonly
reported ; Arimo de Senhor Paiva, on the Giraul ; fr. 15 July 1859.

974 cxv. EUPHOEBIACE^E. [Manihot

Colonial name " Mandioca," " Manhioca," " Farinha do pad," " Man-
dioce doce," etc. No. 300 and COLL. CARP. 922. A form with the
lower leaves trifid and the upper leaves quinquefid. In the Giraul
fields mixed with the ordinary form ; fr. July 1859. No. 3006.

This is the most valuable among the cultivated plants of the family
in Angola ; it is extensively cultivated in all parts of the province,
and provides the bread of the negro population ; it is also eaten in
the raw state, just as it is removed from the soil, without even the
least injurious results ; it consequently can there contain little or none
of the poisonous principle which appears to abound in the greater part
of the varieties of the species or of the allied species which are culti-
vated in tropical America. See Welw., /.c., p. 564. The very fine
meal which is obtained from the roots is called " Fuba," " Fuva," or
" Fuba ia" N-bombo; " and in course of its preparation sieves (those of
an Egyptian pattern are called " Mussalo " or " N-salo " [?]) are used
in the mountainous districts of Golungo Alto, Ambaca, etc., made
from the textile plants called " Subi," that ia, Donax purjmrea K.
Schum. and Phrynium textile Bidl. The tubers are called " Caringa."
Fuba, mixed with the pounded root of Amomum erythrocarpum Ridl.,
is a remedy for pains of the abdomen.

Manioc is almost wild in the Quilombo-Quiacatubia forests in
Golungo Alto, where it occurs as a shrub 9 ft. high ; but its root is
then by no means thick, and is scarcely edible owing to its bitterness.
In Pungo Andongo the fuba meal is made into dry cakes, which keep
a long time and are called " Quiquanga," or " Quicoanga," or " Bomb6."
" Quinbombo " is a fermented drink prepared from mandioc and other
meal ; it is also called " Pombe," and when sweetened with honey it is
called " Cassulo."

The negroes of Sange purposely throw into the adjacent streams,
the Cuango and Quiapose, roots of mandioc, in order to make the
waters more tasty ; the putrid smell thus produced causes the other
inhabitants to fetch their drinking water from the small spring of
Quiquele-quele on the north-west of the town. At Loanda the
plant is called " Quisaca."

The word Mandioca, although used at times by the people of the
interior of Angola, is not strictly derived from the Bunda language,
but, according to Jose' Villela de Barros (Memor. da Ac. B. d. Sc. de
Lisboa, vol. vii., Mem. Corresp. p. 52, 182H, belongs to the idiom
of the American Indians, and is compounded of mandi = house, and
oca = bread. There are two varieties of the plant, one called mandioca
branca or white mandioc (caxora), and the other mandioca roxa or
purple mandioc, that is, with violet-red petioles and stem.

23. HASSKAELIA Baill. ; Benth. & Hook, f . Gen. PL iii. p. 308.

1. H. didymostemon Baill. Adansonia, i. p. 52 (1860); Muell.

arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 774 (1866) ; Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 257

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A branched shrub, 8 to 10 ft. high, perhaps a
tree ; branches sometimes pendulous, sometimes sarmentose-scandent,

jxuous, nodes tumid ; leaves coriaceous, glossy, brittle ; unripe
berries green. In rather elevated secondary woods, sprung up after
i oA i°n of the hnd' m Sobato Quilombo-Quiacatubia ; fr Feb.
8 Ifpt fsS^Nr^T611 ^^ °f moderatesize' ^ Mata de Quisuculo,

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— A tree. In rather elevated mixed

Jfasskarlia] cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. 975

primitive mountainous forest ; young fr. end of Dec. 1860. Native
name " Branco " or " Pau branco " (white wood). No. 358.

24. CLAOXYLON Adr. Juss. ; Benth. &Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 309.

1. C. WelwitscManum Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 333
(1864), and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 776 (1866).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A slender tree, 10 to 15 ft. high, or rarely 20 ft. ;
trunk scarcely 3 in. in diameter ; branches almost horizontally patent ;
branchlets with cartilaginous scales at the base ; flowers dioecious,
greenish. In the primitive forests of Serra de Alto Queta, sporadic ;
fl.-bud beginning of .Nov. 1855, male fl. Dec. 1855 and Jan. 1856,
unripe and nearly ripe fr. Jan. and Feb. 1856. No. 398. Arillode of
the seeds bright scarlet, viscid. Among the Queta mountains, pro-
miscuously with male individuals ; female fl. Dec. 1855, fr. Feb. 1856.
No. 3986. A tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ; head widely spreading ; branches
patent, whitish ; leaves membranous ; fruit geminately dicoccous ;
arillode scarlet. On the slopes of rather dense forests towards the river
Zenza, on the right bank ; fr. March 1856. No. 397.

2. C. angolense Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 333, and in
DC., I.e., p. 777.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A shrub, 3 to 4 ft. high, with several stems.
In rocky rather poor thickets near Luxillo, not plentiful ; female fl.
and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 399.

3. C. pauciflorum Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 333, and in
DC., I.e., p. 778.

LOANDA. — A shrublet, 2 to 3 ft. high, much branched from the base ;
stems oblique or ascending ; branches whitish bay ; leaf-buds and
floral bracts cartilaginous, bay-coloured, rounded, concave ; leaves mem-
branous, herbaceous-green, drying blackish green like some Urticacese ;
flowers dioecious ; male flowers greenish ; fruit pendulous on slender
pedicels, didymous ; endocarp somewhat fleshy, scarlet. In somewhat
dry sandy hilly places, in short grass among other shrubs, near Museque
de S. Flores above Loanda to the south-west ; fl. Feb., fr. April 1854.
No. 400.

4.. C. Trichogyne Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 334, and in
DC., l.c., p. 778.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A virgately branched shrub, 4 to 5 ft. high ; bark
whitish ; stipules cartilaginous. By fences in fields after the burning
of the forest, near Sange, rather rare ; fr. June 1855. No. 396.

5. C. triste Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 334, and in DC.,
I.e., p. 779.

HUILLA. — A shrublet, 1£ to 3 ft. high, branched from the base ;
branches erect ; leaves herbaceous-green, somewhat limp, thinly fleshy,
2 to 4 together proceeding from a cartilaginous sheath, shortly
petiolate ; flowers apparently dioecious ; fruit mostly twin, that is,
dicoccous, rarely monococcous by the abortion of one of the cocci,
as large as a peppercorn ; cocci green, bivalvular, monospermous ; seed
perfectly spherical, enclosed in a very bright scarlet arillode. In rocky
thickets at an elevation of 5000 ft., near Humpata, rather rare ; fr.
Dec. 1859. No. 390. A melancholy shrublet, 2 to 3 ft. high, with
erect little trunks. In rocky elevated thickets in Morro de Lopollo ;
without fl. or fr. end of Jan. 1860. No. 391.

976 cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. [Clooxylon

6. C. occidentale Muell. arg. in Flora, 1864, p. 438, and in
DC.', I.e., p. 779.

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. — In primitive forest at an elevation from
1800 to 2000 ft., on Monte CaftM ; scarcely in fl. Dec. 1860. No. 442.

7. C. Mereurialis Thwaites, Enum. PI. Zeylan. p. 271 (1861) ;
Muell. arg., I.e., p. 790.

Tragia Mercurialis L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 980. Micrococca
Mereurialis Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 503 (1849).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An annual or biennial herb, with the habit of
Mercurialis annua L., customarily erect, rarely procumbent. In sandy
places flooded in the summer rainy season and in moist neglected
places of cultivation, in Sobato Cabanga-Cacalungo ; fl. and f r. Jan.
and Feb. 1855. No. 394.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An annual herb, when in the flowering state
nearly always damaged by insects. In gravelly places at the base of
Pedra Cabondo ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1857. Jfo. 395.

25. ACALYPHA Koyen, L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.p.31 1.

1. A. paniculate Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. i. 2, p. 406 (1859) ; Muell.
arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 802 (1866).

Ricinocwrpus villosus, 8. racemosus O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii.
p. 616 (1891).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A sparingly branched herb, 2 to 4 ft. high, with
an Urticaceous habit. At the outskirts of forests, among bushes and
tall herbs, near Sange and Bango, tolerably plentiful ; fl. and f r. Feb.
1855. Also in fields near Sange ; fl. and fr. Jan. 1 855. No. 420.

2. A. fuscescens Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 821, n. 52.
A.dumetorum Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 334 (1864) as to

specimen Welw. n. 430 only. Ricinocarpus fusceseena 0. Kuntze,
l.c., p. 618.

Puxao AXDOXGO.— A herb, 1 to H ft. high ; rootstock thick, woody,
pplycephalous ; stems numerous, erect or oblique ; leaves loosely
pilose, deep green above, paler beneath ; among bushes and scattered
herbs near Caghuy in the praesidium ; fl. Feb. 1857. No. 430.

3. A. dumetorum Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 334, partly,
and in DC., I.e., p. 821, n. 53.

Ririnocarpw dumetorum 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 617.

HUILLA.— An erect, sparingly branched undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ;
branches virgate, leafy towards the apex. In rather dense craggy
thickets between Nene and Lopollo ; fl. and fr. end of Oct. and begin-
ning of Nov. 1859. Also in rocky places near Mumpulla ; Oct. 1859.
No. 432. An erect, sparingly branched undershrub, 2 to 3 ft. high ;
stigmas brilliantly reddish. At the outskirts of the forest at Monino,
among tall herbs, rather rare ; fl. Dec. 1859. No. 431.

4. A. ornate Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Abyss, ii n. 1414 (tf.t.,
1842), and iii. n. 1647 (U.i., 1844) ; A. Rich. FL Abyss, ii. p. 247
(1851); Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 833.

Ridnocarpus omatus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618
Var. glandulosa Muell. arg. in Linntea, xxxiv. p. 19 (1865),
and in DC., l.c.

Acalyphd] cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. 977

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An erect undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high, sparingly
and patently branched towards the apex ; female flowers sometimes
above, sometimes below the male flowers. In moist thickets near
Trombeta ; fl. Sept. 1854. No. 439. A perennial herb or an under-
shrub or sometimes a shrub, 2 to 4 or rarely 5 ft. high, with quite the
habit of an Urtica ; stem erect, sparingly branched at the apex ;
branches spreading, virgate ; leaves bright green, patent and nearly
pendulous or deflected-pendulous while others are fasciculately erect.
Male flowers below, reddish, with 8 to 6 white anthers ; filaments of
the stamens hyaline, flattened, transversely and very closely septate,
somehow elastic ; the stamens on the opening of the perianth are
slowly elongated by the extension of the septa and spread upon the
limb of the perianth in the form of a star, but at the slightest touch
they spring against the centre of the flower, and therefore just reversely
to the case ofPilea in which on the centre of the flower being touched
the stamens spring against the circumference. Female flowers congre-
gated in blood-red comose spikes. At the outskirts of thickets in
moist shady places nearly throughout the district, plentiful, flowering
and fruiting from October to March ; near Sange, N-delle, Fundo
Cacarambola, and in Mata de Quibanga in Sobato Mussengue ; fl. Dec.
1855 and March 1856. No. 438.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A patently branched undershrub of 3 ft. high
or a shrub 4 to 6 ft. high ; flowers greenish, unisexual, the male flowers
on the upper part of the plant. In rocky places at the outskirts of
forests in the presidium, sporadic ; fl. Jan. 1857. No. 437.

5. A. WelwitscMana Muell. arg.'in Journ. Bot., Lc., p. 334, and
in DC., I.e., -p. 834.

Ricinocarpus Welwitschianus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A shrub, 3 to 5 ft. high, branched sparingly and
only at the apex. At the outskirts of forests among tall herbs, near
Luxillo ; fl. Jan. and Feb. 1857. No. 433.

6. A. angolensis Muell. arg. ILcc., pp. 335, 835.
Ricinocarpus angolensis 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 617.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An erect, sparingly branched undershrub, 4 ft.
high. In thickets at the outskirts of the forest near Catete in the
presidium ; female fl. Feb. 1857. No. 434.

7. A. polymorpha Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 335, and
in DC., I.e., p. 835.

Ricinocarpus polymorphic O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618.

a, elliptica Muell. arg., ll.cc.

HUILLA.— In hilly sandy-schistose sparingly bushy places covered
with sand, near Lopollo, in company with species of Thymelaeacese
(cf. Gnitlia Hoepfneriana G-ilg. ; Welw. herb. no. 6479) and Irideas ; fl.
and fr. Nov. 1859. No. 429.

fi, sericea Muell. arg., ll.cc.

HUILLA.— In rather dry rocky thicket near Mumpulla, sparingly ;
fl. Oct. 1859. Only one specimen preserved. No. 421.

y, oblongifolia Muell. arg., ll.cc., pp. 335, 836.

HUILLA. — In pastures decked with species of Clematis (cf. C. chryso-
carpa Welw. herb. no. 1222) and Thymelasaceae (cf. Gnidia Rendlei ;
Welw. herb. no. 6478), among low bushes, between Lopollo and Ferrao
da Sola, very sparingly ; fl. Nov. 1859. No. 428.

63

978 cxv. KUPHORBIACE.E. [Acalypfid

8, angustifolia Muell. arg., lice., pp. 335, 836.

HUILLA. — In rocky pastures, among low herbs, between Mumpulla
and Humpata, at an elevation from 4000 to 4200 ft. ; fl. end of Oct.
1859. No. 422. In somewhat rocky pastures, among low bushes,
between Mumpulla and Nene ; fl. Oct. and Nov. 1859. No. 423.

e, depauperate, Muell. arg., ll.cc., pp. 335, 836.

HUILLA. — A herb, 5 to 9 in. high ; rootstock thick, woody, poly-
cephalous ; stems caespitose, erect, but little branched ; flowers
monoecious ; anthers red. In somewhat dry rocky pastures or thickets,
among low bushes, about Lopollo, plentiful ; fl. end of Oct. and
beginning of Nov. 1859. No. 424.

8. A. benguelensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 335, and
in DC., I.e., p. 844.

fiicinocarpus benguelensis O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 617.

o, Trichogyne Muell. arg., ll.cc.

HUILLA.— A perennial herb, 1 to 1£ ft. high : stems erect, shortly
branched at the base. In herbaceous wooded places at Monino near
Lopollo not abundant ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 435-

ft, Adenogyne Muell. arg., ll.cc., pp. 336, 844.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A herb lasting for several years, 6 in. high or
more ; rootstock thick, woody, polycephalous ; stems numerous,
ascending, rarely erect, branched at the base ; flowers greenish purple ;
stigmas purple. In sandy thickets between the presidium and
the river Cuanza, plentiful ; fl. and unripe fr. Feb. 1857. Also in
bushy rough and gravelly places near Pungo Andongo ; fl. Dec. 1856.
No. 436.

9. A. indica L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 1003 (1753) ; Muell. arg. in
DC., I.e., p. 868.

Ricinocarpus indicus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618.

LOANDA.— An annual herb, somewhat woody at the base, with a
disagreeable mouse-like smell ; sap watery ; flowers monoecious, the
male ones clustered in spikes, the female ones 2 or 3 together seated
at the base on the conduplicate bracts of the involucre ; styles
penicillately multifid : capsules tricoccous. On the sparingly
herbaceous slopes of Praia de Bispo near Loanda ; fr. 11 May 1858.
No. 417.

BUMBO. — In neglected fields, after cultivation of Arachis hypoga-a
L., near Bumbo at the base of Serra da Xella, 15° S. Lat.; about
2000 ft. alt., sparingly ; one specimen in fl. and fr. Oct. 1859.
No. 427.

10. A. brachystachya Hornem. Hort, Hafn. p.; 909 (1815);
Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 870.

Ridnocarpus brachystachyus O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 617.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An annual, slender herb, with an Urticaceous
habit. In moist places neglected after cultivation near the presidium ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1856. No. 393.

11. A. Vahliana Muell. arg. in Linnaa xxxiv. p. 43 (1865),
and in DC., I.e., p. 873.

A. ciliata Vahl, Symb. Bot. i. p. 77. t. 20 (1790) ; non Forsk.
(1775). Ricinocarpus Vahlianus O. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618.

Acalypha} cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. 979

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In neglected plots of cultivation throughout the
district, plentiful, especially near Sange and Camilungo ; fl. and fr.
Feb. 1855. No. 419.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In a kitchen garden in the presidium ; fl. and
fr. end of Jan. 1857. No. 418.

12. A. segetalis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 336, and in
DC., I.e., p. 877.

Ricinocarpus segetalis 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 618.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In somewhat shady places among low herbs at
the banks of the river Cuango near Sange ; fl. June 1856. No. 440-
In neglected fields after crops of Arachis hypogcea L., near Sange,
only one specimen ; fl. and fr. Sept. 1855. No. 389. Among crops
of Arachis hypogcea L., plentiful, especially near Camilungo : fl. andfr.
Jan., March, and May 1855. No. 416.

AMBACA. — An annual herb ; the principal stem erect, the lower
ones ascending. Among plantations of Phaseolus and Arachis hypogcea
L., nearly throughout the district ; near Ambaca, fl. and fr. Sept. 1856.
No. 416&.

26. ALCHORNEA Swartz; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 314.

1. A. floribunda Muell. arg. in Flora, 1864, p. 435, and in DC.
Prodr. xv. 2, p. 905 (1866).

(3, glabrata Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 336 (1864), and
in DC., I.e.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A shrub, 7 to 9 ft. high, perhaps arborescent ;
stem and branches elongated, slender, purple ; male and female flowers
very bright red-scarlet ; style elongated, erect : capsules 3- or rarely
4-coccous. In the dense forest close to the cataract of Mata de
Cabondo, rather rare ; fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 352.

2. A. cordata Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 507 (1849); non
Muell. arg. (1866).

Schousbcea cordifolia Sebum. & Thonn. in Danske Vidensk.
Selsk. iv. p. 223 (1829). A. cordifolia Muell. arg. in Linnaea,
xxxiv. p. 170 (1865), and in DC., I.e., p. 908 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis,
p. 257 (1884).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An arborescent shrub 8 to 12 ft. high or a small
tree of 10 to 15 ft., sometimes standing erect, in other cases subscandent
with long virgate sarmentose branches ; leaves coriaceous, shining,
glandular at the base of the nerves ; flowers dioecious, paniculate,
yellowish ; panicles mostly springing from the trunk or older branches,
drooping-pendulous ; fruit elongated-didymous ; seeds wrapped in a
scarlet arillode. In damp places by wooded thickets and close to
streams throughout the district, plentiful ; at the rivulet Quiapoze
near Sange ; nearly ripe fr. end of Nov. 1855, and female fl. Sept. 1856 ;
about Sange and Bango, fl. andfr. Aug. and Oct. 1855 and Aug. 1856 ;
Terras de Bumba, fl. beginning of Aug. 1856. Native name " Dunce "
or " Bunce." A black dye is prepared by the negroes by baking this
plant mixed with the mud of a stream. No. 379. The Lichen n. 261
grew on the leaves of this plant at the stream Quiapoze near Sange
m March 1855.

PRINCE'S ISLAND. — A sBrub, 5 to 7 ft. high, with numerous stems
at the base. In sandy seaside thickets near Bahia de S. Antonio ;
unripe fr. Sept. 1853. No. 378.

980 cxv. EUPHORBiACEjE. [Alchornea

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— In gravelly places by streams among the
mountains, also in the coast region ; young fr. end of Dec. 1860.
Native name " Bugi-Bugi." No. 377.

The name "Bugi-Bugi" is also used in St. Thomas for Claoxylon
Molleri Pax. The name " Dunce " is used in Pungo Andongo for
Lepidoturus occidentalis Muell. arg.

27. LEPIDOTURUS Baill. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 316 ; non Bojer.

1. L. occidentalis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 332 (1864),
and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 898 (1866).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A shrub as tall as a man, perhaps a young tree ;
leaves membranous, very bright green, remarkable for a long linear
obtuse acumen. In wooded places near Luxillo ; a few specimens in
fr. March 1857. No. 407- A slender tree, 10 to 15 ft. high ; trunk
straight, scarcely an inch in diameter, divaricately branched at the
apex ; head lax ; branchlets slender ; leaves membranous. In damp
bushy places near Catete ; without expanded fl., a few specimens
with male fl.-buds May 1857. No. 407&. A shrub nearly as tall as
a man ; stems numerous, virgate ; leaves membranous, caducous at
the time of the flowering ; spikes of flowers yellowish-reddish. In
damp thickets near Catete in the pnesidium ; nearly leafless, with
young male fl. end of May 1857. No. 408.

The natives in this district call the plant " Dunce " ; it has the
general appearance of a birch tree, and is likewise used for dyeing
black. The Fungus n. f>00 grew on the leaves of a climbing deciduous
shrub of this Family, probably this species, at Barranco de Catete in
May 1857. According to a ms. note of Wehvitsch the name " Dunce "
is also used for Acridocarj)us (Sphedumnocarpus).

28. NEOBOUTONIA Muell. arg. ; Bentb. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. iii. p. 317.

1. N. africana Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 336 (1864), and
in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 892 (1866) ; Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiii.
p. 77, tt. 1298-1299 (1879).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A tree, 15 to 20 ft. high ; trunk 8 in. in diameter,
bare of branches to the height of 6 to 8 ft., then branched ; branches
patent, long, curved-ascending ; male flowers white. In the primitive
forests of Serra de Alto Queta, rather rare ; male fl. Dec. 1854.
No. 359. A shrub 6 to 9 ft. high, perhaps a young tree. In thickets
on Mount Cungulungulo near Montalegre ; female fl. Feb. 1855.
No. 3596.

29. MALLOTUS Lour.; Benth. & Hook f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 319.
1. M. oppositifolius Muell. arg. in Linnaea, xxxiv. p. 194 (1865),

and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 976 (1866).

Croton oppositifolius Geiseler, Croton. Monogr. p. 23 (1807).
Acalypha ? dentata Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Vidensk. Selsk. iv.
p. 184 (1829). Claoxylon cordifolium Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl.
p. 506 (1849). Rottkra dentata Baill. Adansonia i. p 69, partly
(1860).

a. genuinus Muell. arg., ll.cc.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A slender, much-branched, subscandent shrub,

Mallotus] CXV. EUPHORBIACE^E. 981

4 to 5 ft. high ; bark beautifully purple ; branchlets elongated,
variously curved, pendulous or ascending ; flowers whitish ; fruit
tricoccous. In dense wooded elevated thickets at the Capopa spring
near Sange ; fl. and fr. April and May 1855, and Feb. 1856. Also a
tree-like form, near Undelle ; fr. June 1855. No. 342.

30. MACARANGA P. Thouars ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 320.

1. M. heterophylla Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 993 (1866).
Mappa heterophylla Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 336 (1864).
Tanarius heterophyllus 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. ii. p. 620 (1891).

SIERRA LEONE. — An arborescent shrub ; branches patent, almost
drooping-scandent ; leaves some not lobed, others 3- to 5-lobed, gland-
dotted beneath. In the elevated forests of Sugar Loaf Mountain,
near Freetown ; scarcely in good fl. Sept. 1853. No. 464.

2. M. angolensis Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 994; Ficalho, PI.
Uteis, p. 257 (1884). Mappa angolensis Muell. arg. in Journ.
Bot., I.e., p. 337. Tanarius angolensis 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 620.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A robust arborescent shrub, 6 to 8 ft. high and
more, subscandent among other shrubs with long sarmentose branches
or sometimes standing quite erect, with a menispermaceous habit
(cf. Jateorhiza strigosa Miers) ; trunk 1 to 1^ in. in diameter, spiny ;
leaves hard and dryly coriaceous, deep green and somewhat shining
above, not lobed or 3- or 5-lobed, the young ones sometimes densely
ferruginous-tomentose ; petiole auriculate-stipulate at the base ;
flowers dioecious, the female ones yellowish dusky ; fruit spherical, very
densely clothed with small golden-coloured glands. In dense wooded
thickets close to streams in the ascent from Sange towards Sobato de
Bumba, female fl. 7 and 14 July and in Aug. and Oct. 1855, fr. Oct.
1855. No. 449. A shrub. 4 to 7 ft. high, not milky ; the older stems
clothed with long distant spines, the younger ones unarmed ; branches
patent, much elongated, sarmentose, widely climbing ; leaves rigid,
glandular at the insertion of the petiole, sometimes sub-entire, in other
cases on the same branch 3- or 5-lobed, smooth and somewhat glossy
above, marked beneath with transverse arched veinlets ; leaf -lobes
abruptly acuminate ; flowers dioecious, the male ones very densely
crowded on a bractlike receptacle ; stamens apparently 2. Fruit
drupaceous, spherical, as large as a small pea or a seed of Vicia Cracca
L., very densely covered with very small viscid golden-coloured
hyaline granules. In rather dense very shady primitive forests in
Serra de Alto Queta, avoiding places once cultivated and afterwards
in secondary woods ; male fl. middle of Aug. 1856. No. 450. The
negro name of the shrub is " Dibala."

The following specimens of large foliage appear to belong to
this genus, and perhaps to this species : —

AMBKIZ, ETC. —Leaf (in one case) trifid, excised and mucronulate
at the apex, 7-nerved and deeply cordate at the base, 17 in. long by 16
in. broad, puberulous along the veins ; tertiary veins arching ; petioles
12 to 18 in. long, with large glands at the extremity. In the interior
mountainous wooded parts of the district, for example, at Bembe,
about 130 miles from Ambriz, whence the leaves and a fragment of
the stem were received by Welwitsch, having been sent by his friend
Monteiro. The sap of the stem and petioles is watery and somewhat
viscid. No. 451. Leaves without their petioles (one leaf only preserved)

982 cxv. BUPHORBIACE.E. [Macaranga

found in the market at Ambriz, having been used for wrapping up
Jinguba, that is, seeds of Arachis hypogcea, etc., for transport from
the interior ; Nov. 1853. According to the negroes who brought the
goods to market, the leaves grew on a tree or bush called " mugi," or
" muchi " (these words signify a tree) which occurs in interior elevated
forests. No 4516. Leaves used as wrappers for Jinguba seeds, which
the negroes carry from the interior of Angola to the markets of the
seacoast, towns, etc., and which belong apparently to a large tree,
called by the Bunda negroes " Dibala." In damp forests on the north-
east confines of the district of Pungo Andongo, in the Ginga kingdom :
leaves seen in Sept. 1857. No. 451c. A tree, apparently small ; trunk
straight, beset with crowded slender horizontally spreading spines ;
bark whitish grey ; leaves alternate, in the young state enclosed in
large stipules ; the blade cordate-ovate, angular, with incumbent basal
lobes, narrowed and more or less emarginate-bifid at the apex, about
18 in. long and broad ; petioles 1 to 1^ ft. long ; the trunk and
branches abounding in a limpid gummy sap. In damp interior forests,
collected,by Monteiro, received in 1858. No. 451</. In Sept. 1857, in
Golungo Alto, Welwitsch met five or six hundred negroes carrying to
Loanda among other goods packages of Jinguba wrapped up in these
gigantic leaves from the most interior districts, such as Hungo and
Duque de Bragan^a. No. 451f.

3. M. monandra Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot., I.e., p. 337, and in
DC., I.e., p. 1012.

Tanarius monaitdrus 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 620.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A much-branched, erect tree, 8 to 25 ft. high ;
head broad, frondose ; trunk slender, densely beset below with obtuse
quasi- truncate spines, reddish or purplish ; branches spreading ; bark
reddish ; habit almost of Myrsinece ; leaves densely gland-dotted beneath,
deciduous at the time of the flowering ; petiole long, bright blood-red-
purple, often bent near the apex ; flowers apparently dioacious, the
female ones greenish, the male ones sought for in vain ; fruit dru-
paceous, pea-shaped, the unripe ones green, lepidote with dusky golden-
coloured scales. In the dense rather elevated primitive forests of Serra
de Alto Queta, not plentiful ; fl.-buds end of Oct. 1854 ; female fl. Jan.
end of June and July 1855 ; young fr. Feb. 1856 ; also at Zengas do
Queta, March 1855 ; and in secondary woods of the central Queta,
Zengas, end of July 1856. No. 446.

4. M. spinosa Muell. arg. in Flora, 1864, p. 466, and in DC, I.e.,
p. 1013.

Tanariu* spinostts 0. Kuntze, I.e., p. 620.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A tree, 8 to 15 ft. high ; trunk slender, scarcely
2 in. in diameter, dusky red, beset with distant or dense straight patent
spines ; branches and branchlets virgate-elongated, very patent, almost
reflected-ascending ; the lower part of the trunk completely covered
with thorns about ^ to J in. long. In secondary woods at the banks of
the river Cuango, at Arimo do Mariano, rather rare, fl.-bud Feb. 1856 ;
also on wooded slopes on the right bank of the same river, young fr.
Dec. 1855. No. 447. A small tree 6 to 8 ft. high, probably a young
or mutilated tree ; the erect trunk and the spreading branches and
even the smallest branchlets spiny throughout ; leaves membranous,
somewhat glossy ; petioles rosy. In wooded places among the moun-
tains of the central Queta, at Zengas do Queta ; without fl. or fr. June
1856. No. 448. A little tree 4 ft. high, probably a young tree ; trunk

Macaranga] cxv. EUPHORBIACE.E. 983

spiny, as thick as a man's finger ; branches scattered, spinulose ; leaves
membranous ; petioles long, rosy purple. In the forest among the
mountains of Serra de Alto Queta, very rare i without fl. or fr. June
1856. No. 4486.

31. RICINTTS Tournef., L. • Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 321.
1. R. communis L. Sp. PL edit. i. p. 1007 (1753); J. A. Schmidt,

Fl. Cap Verd Ins. p. 307 (1852) ; Welw. Apontam. p. 564, sub
n. 153 (1859); Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1017 (1866);
Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 258 (1884).
Var. megalospermus Muell. arg., I.e., p. 1017.

b. pruinosus Muell. arg., I.e., p. 1017.

MOSSAMEDES. — By the banks of the river Bengo, at Boca do Rio, in
gravelly places, very plentiful, forming little woods, 8 to 12 or rarely
15 ft. high ; fl. and fr. July 1859. No. 305- Seeds sent in 1861,
perhaps belonging to this form. COLL. CARP. 924.

Var. benguelensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 337 (1864),
and in DC., I.e., p. 1019.

LOANDA AND MOSSAMEDES. — A bush, 6 to 8 ft. high, herbaceous
throughout ; nearly all parts of the plant, even the fruit and seeds,
spread with a very delicate glaucous powder : seeds half the size of
the typical form. Cultivated at Mossamedes near dwellings as a
medicinal plant and called " Bafureira " (oil plant) ; the leaves are
applied to women's breasts to excite or increase the flow of milk ;
fl. and fr. beginning of Aug. 1859. In gardens near Loanda and also
at Mossamedes as an introduction from the Cape de Verde Islands,
June 1860. No. 307-

CAPE DE VERDE ISLANDS.— Island of S. Thiago ; seeds, Jan. 1861.
COLL. CARP. 923.

Var. genuinus Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 1019.

c. macrophyllus Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 1020.

LOANDA. — By fences in neglected fields and cultivated by villages,
everywhere ; at Boa Vista, fl. Aug. 1854. No. 306.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An undershrub or very rarely a small tree. By
negro villages and in neglected plots of cultivation, everywhere,
perhaps native ; at Bango, fl. and young fr. Feb. 1855. The oil from
the seeds is extensively used by the negroes as a purgative. No. 304.

32. PYCNOCOMA Benth. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 326.
1. P. dentata Hiern, sp. n.

A small or young tree, 10 to 12 ft. high, glabrate except the
tips and inflorescence ; branches pallid or ashy, subterete, divari-
cate, patent-ascending or variously bent, leafy towards and
especially at the rather thick apex ; leaves alternate, oblanceolate
or elliptic-oblong, rounded or more or less narrowed at the apex,
more or less wedgeshaped at the base, thinly and firmly coriaceous,
delicately penniveined and reticulate, entire except towards the
dentate-serrate upper part of the margins, 3 to 7 in. long by % to
2 in. broad, rather shining and nearly the same in colour on both
faces ; petioles ^ to ^ in. long ; stipules caducous ; flowers dioecious ;
the male flowers crowded in compact cylindrical-oblong strobiliform

gg4 CXV. EUPHOUBIACEjE. [PycnOCOma

catkins in the axils of the upper leaves ; catkins of the unexpanded
flowers about \ in. long by £ in. thick ; bracts broadly ovate,
rounded, about" | in. long and rather broader, very concave,
imbricate, appressedly hairy on the exposed part of the back,
glabrous inside, exceeding and including the flower-buds ; flower-
bud about TV in. long and £ in. broad, angular, somewhat flattened
on the side next the axis of the catkin and curved on the other
side, sessile, each within a bract of the catkin ; calyx triphyllous,
the segments thick, somewhat similar to the bracts but smaller,
hairy on both faces, unequal, valvate in aestivation, enclosing the
bunch of stamens, one or two of them obtusely keeled on the
back ; stamens very numerous, very densely crowded, seated on
the fleshy torus, glabrous ; filaments free, rather thickly filiform,
somewhat flexuous, erect or ascending, firm; anthers 2-celled,
short, apparently versatile; the cells dehiscing longitudinally, sub-
separated by the connective ; ovary 0. Female plant not seen.

AMBRIZ. — In small woods between Ambriz and Qnizembo, at an
elevation of 100 to 150 ft. ; young male fl. Nov. 1853. No. 476.

This is probably the plant referred to in Welwitsch's diary on Nov.
8, 1853, at Ambriz, as a small tree, with the habit almost of a
Pittosporum.

33. TRAGIA Plum., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 329.

1. T. volubilis L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 980(1753); Muell. arg.
in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 935 (1866).

Var. genuina Muell. arg., I.e., p. 936.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — An underehrub, woody at the base, climbing very
long distances through thickets, armed with strongly stinging hairs ;
pap watery ; leaves somewhat fleshy ; bracts of the racemes of male
flowers deep blood-red ; cocci of the capsules sometimes spheroidal,
sometimes compressedly triangular. In the forests of Sobato
Mussengue near Menha Lula, climbing among the denser thickets ;
fl. and fr. Nov. 1855. No. 382.

2. T. angolensis Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 333 (1864),
and in DC., I.e., p. 940.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— A perennial herb, a foot high ; rootstock woody,
polycephalous ; stems numerous, branched from the base ; branches
elongated ; leaves membranous, somewhat hard, discolorous ; flowers
pale yellowish-greenish ; fruit obscurely tricoccous. In dry thickets
between Mangue and Candumba ; fl. and fr. March 1857. No. 425-

HUILLA. — Flowers reddish. In pastures by hills among low bushes,
near Lopollo, in company with several species of Gnidia and many
Irideae, on a schistose sandy soil ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1859. No. 426. A
narrow-leaved form, scarcely differing. No. 4266.

3. T. cordifolia Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 501 (1849);
Muell. arg. in DC., I.e., p. 944 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 259 (1884) ;
non T. cm-data Vahl (1790).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A far and widely climbing herb, the whole plant
beset with very vehemently stinging hairs which cause extreme pain
often lasting a day ; sap watery. By moist thickets and among rather
tall grass about Sange and Banza do Sobato Bango, etc., plentiful ;

Tragia] cxv. EUPHORBIACE^E. 985

fl. and fr. March 1855 and beginning of June 1856. No. 381. A
variety with the bracteoles and flowers green not reddish. At
Mussengue together with the typical plant ; fl. Dec. 1855. No. 381&.

The negroes call this plant " Risanza," and the Portuguese colonists
-call it " Casaogao." The failure in rearing horned cattle in Golungo
Alto is said to be due principally to the frequent presence of this
•terrible stinging plant ; Welwitsch, however, doubted this statement ;
it probably causes cattle to avoid the pastures in the same way as does
•Lepistemon africaiium Oliv. See ante, pp. 723, 731.

34. DALECHAMPIA Plum., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p, 330.

L D. scandens L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 1054 (1753); Muell. arg.
ia DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1244 (1866).

Var. parvifolia Muell. arg., I.e., p. 1245.

D. parvifolia Lain. Encycl. Meth. ii. p. 258 (1786). D. sene-
.galensis Webb in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 174 (1849) ; J. A. Schmidt,
Fl. Cap Verd Ins. p. 305 (1852). Dalechampia sp., Welvv. in
Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 24 (May 1856), p. 250, n. 127.

AMBRIZ. — 'Widely climbing. At the banks of the river Quizembo ;
fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 387-

LOAN DA. — Closely resembling a Convolvulus in habit and mode of
growth ; perennial. By thickets near Loanda, rather rare ; March
1854. No specimens preserved. COLL. CARP. 925. In moist bushy
places, widely and densely climbing among shrubs at Bepresa de
Magellaes ; fl. and fr. May 1854. No. 383.

LIBONGO. — A twining herb, with a Convolvulaceous habit, hoary-
pubescent throughout ; branchlets mostly very intricate, in the young
•state as well as the new leaves silky-hoary ; flowers greenish. In
moist thickets at the banks of the river Lif une, near Banza de Libongo ;
fl. and fr. Sept. 1858. No. 385.

Var. cordofana Muell. arg., I.e.

arg.,

Salt,

D. tripartita R. Br. in Salt, Abyssinia, App. Ixv. (1814), name
only. D. cardofana Hochst. in PI. Nub. Kotsch. n. 84 ( U. i., 1841 ),
and ex A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 244 (1851).

LOANDA. — A twining, widely climbing herb, apparently annual,
resembling an Ipomcta in habit ; leaves deep green, somewhat glabrous
but thinly pilose not tomentose ; involucres subglabrous, not tomentose,
from green to yellowish, 7- to 9-nerved. In herbaceous thickets,
"between Penedo and Conceicao, not uncommon ; fl. and fr. Nov. 1858.
No. 384.

CAZENGO. — A twining, widely climbing, strongly stinging herb,
beset with vehemently irritating hairs ; involucres and flowers from
green to yellowish. By thickets close to the banks of the river Luinha,
near Aguas doces, plentiful ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 388.

MOSSAMEDES. — At the bushy banks of the river Bero near
Mossamedes, rather rare ; fr. July 1859. No. 386.

35. MAPROUNEA Aubl.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 333.

1. M. africana Muell. arg. in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1191 (1866).

BUMBO. — A tree 15 ft. high, loosely branched, with the habit almost
of a Pyrus, sparingly milky ; fruiting trees, occurring in the neigh-
bourhood of other trees, with male spikes. In the forests of the more

986 cxv. EUPHORBiACEjE. [Maprouneo

elevated part of Serra de Xella ; nearly ripe fr. and leaves and rather
young spikes, Oct. 1859. No. 401. A slender tree, 15 to 20 ft. high,
almost leafless when in flower (only a few branchlets then bearing
young leaves), branches patent. In primitive forests in Serra de
Xella at an elevation from 3200 to 3800 ft., sporadic ; male fl. Oct.
1859. No. 4016.

36. SAPITJM P. Browne; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 334.
1. S. Mannianum.

Excascaria Manniana Muell. arg. in Flora, 1864, p. 433, and in
DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1217 (1866).

CAZEXGO. — A moderate-sized or small tree scarcely 15 ft. high,
densely frondose, strongly milky ; leaves rigidly coriaceous, green and
very glossy above ; flowers monoecious, yellow-greenish. In rough
hilly places among tall bushes, on the left bank of the river Luinha,
near Aguas doces ; fl. and unripe fr. June 1855. No. 380.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high; trunk a foot in diameter
at the base ; primary branches erect-patent, the others very patent ;
leaves evergreen, coriaceous, glossy, biglandular at the base. At the
outskirts of primitive forests near Catomba in the Eastern Queta, fl,
and unripe fr. July 1856 ; also in the Alto Queta forests, unripe fr.
Aug. 1856. No. 376.

I follow Benth. & Hook, f., I.e., p. 335, in placing this tree in the
genus Sapium.

37. EXCffiCARIA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 337,
1. E. oblongifolia Muell. arg. in Journ. Bot. ii. p. 337 (Nov.

1864), and in DC. Prodr. xv. 2, p. 1214 (1866) (Excucaria).

PUNGO ANDOXGO.— An underahrub, H ft. high. In sandy thickets
near Luxillo ; only one specimen in fr, all the others had been burnt
up, Feb. 1857. No. 375. A shrublet, 1£ to 2 ft. high ; stems
numerous from a woody rootstock, ascending, purple ; leaves
coriaceous ; capsule tricoccous, the cocci with two short spines or
appendages on the back. In thickets by roadsides near Luxillo and
Cazella, fr. Jan. 1857 ; also in wooded bushy places near Guinea, fr.
Feb. 1857. COLL. CARP. 935.

CXVI. URTICACE^:.

1. UBERA Gaudich. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 383.

1. U. obovata Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 515 (1849) ; Weddell
in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 97 (1869).

Var. Jihefo.

A shrub, 4 to 6 feet high or more, exuding a very thick watery-
sap, climbing far and often high, often attached to its host by
means of a series of adventitious rootlets thrown out from the
stem, either beset more or less copiously with sufficiently stinging
hairs or nearly unarmed; stems in the living state dingy
purplish or greenish purple, furrowed, angular, beset with small
rough tubercles (the basal remains of the fallen hairs) or nearly
smooth, at first straight fleshy and very brittle, afterward**

Urera] cxvi. URTICACE.E. 987

divided into spreading sarmentose branches; leaves alternate,
oval-oblong or broadly oval, cuspidate-acuminate at the apex,
obtuse truncate or subcordate at the trinerved base, thick or
fleshy-brittle, rigid, not coriaceous, somewhat rough, deep or
blackish green and somewhat glossy above, pallid or grey and
very delicately lepidote- dotted beneath, entire and slightly un-
dulate on the margin, 2 to 6 in. long by | to 3 in. broad, more or
less hispid along the basal nerves or nearly glabrous; lateral
veins few, usually 1 or 2 on each side in addition to the basal
nerves, slender, in relief on the lower face of the leaf ; cystoliths
on the lower face linear, short, numerous, not conspicuous ;
petioles ranging up to 2 in. long, beset with strong hairs or nearly
unarmed, usually puberulous-pulverulent ; stipules triangular-
lanceolate, subglabrous, slightly puberulous chiefly along the
middle of the back, £ to \ in. long, caducous ; flowers dioecious,
small, greenish-yellowish or greenish-purplish ; corymbs green,
pedunculate in the axils of the leaves, highly compound, mostly
forming nest-like bunches more or less quadrangular flat on the
top an inch broad and ^ in. high ; common peduncle thick, short,
at the top very intricately branched ; ultimate pedicels very short.
Male perianth deeply 4-cleft, the segments trianglar-ovate, ^ in.
long, glabrous inside, puberulous outside, valvate in aestivation,
spreading in flower ; stamens 4, exserted, spreading, as long as
the perianth-lobes opposite to them and inserted about their base ;
ovary rudimentary, small. Female flowers very small ; ovary
conical-oblong, green, ~ in. long, unilocular, crowned at the top
with the very short style and the ferruginous penicillate stigma,
arranged more or less verticillately round the floral axis, closely
invested in the perianth. The floral axis, that is, the common
stalk of the ultimate ramification of the corymbs, terminates in
small thick fusiform pellucid purple glands which have a seta at
the tip.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In dense forest close to the river Delamboa, near
Sange, seen only there, on the old trunks of Spondieae, etc. ; female fl.
middle of April 1856. Local name "Jihefo bastardo." No. 6279.
In primitive forests at the banks of the Quisucula streams, very rare ;
female fl., May 1856. Negro name "Jihefo" (bravo). No. 6268.

The tree Jihefo is Piper guineense Thonn., Welw. herb. nos. 508 to
510 and Coll. Carp. 940.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In the Cabondo wooded thickets, in the praesi-
dium ; male fl. Jan. 1857. No. 6294.

The last No. is a shorter plant than the others, with the branches
nearly unarmed, but it is probably a younger state of the same species.

Compare with this species U. Thonneri De Wild, and Th. Dur. PI.
Thonner. Congol. p. 11, t. 18 (1900).

2. TTRTICASTRUM Heist.; Fabric. Enum. Hort. Helmst.
p. 204 (1759).

Laportea Gaudich. (1826) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 383.

1. U. Carmthersiamim Hiern, sp. n.

A shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high ; stems dusky red, sparingly branched,

988 cxvi. URTICACE.«. [Urticastrum

armed all round with crowded straight slender subulate pallid
deciduous spreading excessively stinging prickles articulated at
or near the small tubercular dusky base; branches similarly
armed, rather thick, erect-patent, leafy at the apex ; leaves
alternate, deciduous, flat, crowded at the apex of the stems and
branches, broadly ovate -cordiform, ample, subpellate-cordate,
acutely pointed or shortly acuminate at the apex, membranous^
dentate, beset more or less especially beneath with stinging hairs
and with shorter hispid hairs, deep green above, paler and white-
arachnoid or with interwoven whitish setose hairs beneath,
5-nerved at the base, ranging up to a foot long by f ft. broad'
sometimes slightly sinuate-lobulate in general outline ; teeth
ovate-deltoid, apiculate, about equalling their sinuses, | to £ in.
long, |. to £ in. broad at the base ; lateral veins about 4 or 5 on
each side of the midrib exclusive of the basal nerves ; cystoliths
punctiform ; petioles rather thick, beset with spreading or down-
ward directed stinging hairs, ranging up to » ft, long, inserted at

7 ;$ -- 5 — o? ** uw*«Jei*lvuOj iilcvJllMl. SlllulJ

corymbosely paniculate, on the lower part of the stem at the
axils of fallen leaves; panicles H to 3 in. long, branched from
the base; the branches spreading, more or less flattened or
narrowly winged, beset with stinging hairs; ultimate pedicels
very short. Male flowers about TV in. in diameter, depresso-
spheroidal in the bud, valvate in aestivation ; perianth unequally
4-partite, the segments oblong ovate or broader than Ion/
stamens 4 opposite the perianth-segments, the filaments more or
less dilated or thickened and adhering to the lower part of the
inner tace of the perianth segments; ovary small, rudimentary
fremale flowers about TV in. long, ovoid ; perianth 3-partite the
segments ovate and unequal ; staminodes 0 ; ovary glabrous

treams :

°f "* friend Mr William

rutheFT.v, ren r am

ru hers, F.R.S one of the executors acting under Welwitech's

i • .ur?Ulh hJf rePresentations, when Keeper of the National

the British Museum uQdert°°k tbe

3. FLEURYA Gaudich. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p 382.

8 ^udich> in Fre>'c- Bot- v°y- Uran- P- 496

. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 71 (1869)
Urtica vstiuins L. Sp. PI., edit. 2, pf 1397 (1763)

* bright green herb- l to

.

TT °,P T TC&ly &n? leve8' n damP field8
' k^°9 L' °D the "ght bank °f the

1855r Nong6°261 DtifUl bUt °nly in * feW places ; fi' and

Fleuryd] cxvi. URTICACE.E. 989

2. F. grossa Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat., Ser. 4, i. p. 183 (1854),
and in DC., I.e., p. 7G.

Urtica grossa E. Meyer ex Drege in Flora 1843, Bes. Beig. 2,
pp. 136, 148, 150, 228.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — An annual herb, erect or ascending at the base,
very violently stinging. On a rich soil in rocky places near Catete ;
fl. Feb. 1857. No. 6273. An erect herb, annual, 3 to 5 ft. high,
armed with very vehemently stinging bristles ; flowers monoacious,
greenish, the female ones on the upper part of the stem. In somewhat
shady primitive woods in Mata de Pungo, growing in masses ; fl.
and unripe fr. 14 April, 1857. No. 6295.

3. F. podocarpa Wedd. in DC., I.e., p. 76.
Var. fiilminans.

A marshy stoloniferous herb, probably lasting throughout the
year, 1 to 5 ft. high, sometimes almost an undershrub, of two
different forms in respect of the inflorescence, more or less pilose
with violently stinging hairs ; stolons epigamous and hypogamous ;
sap watery; hairs of the stem whitish, bent down and adpressed;
leaves alternate, ovate or deltoid-ovate, acuminate at the apex,
subtruncate or somewhat wedge-shaped at the trinerved base,
penniveined, membranous, reticulate, more or less pilose, dentate,
deep green above, paler beneath, 2 to 4 in. long by 1£- to 24 in.
broad ; basal lateral nerves slender, erect-patent, reaching" the
margin about the middle of the side of the blade ; penniveins
alternate, slender, 5 or 6 on each side in addition to the basal
nerves ; reticulation delicate , cystoliths linear on the lower face,
not conspicuous, rather punctiform on the upper face ; teeth more
or less obtuse, minutely apiculate ; petioles rosy, ranging up to
3£ in. long ; stipules lanceolate or filiform' from a broader base,
i to i in. long ; flowers monoecious ; the male ones racemose-
spicate on fleshy rosy or purplish limp erect-spreading or
ascending peduncles, sometimes in clustered panicles developed on
a naked scape which proceeds from the rhizome, sometimes
cymose-paniculate in the axils of the leafy stem, fulminating
on touch, scape sometimes 2 to 2^ ft. long ; peduncles of the
male inflorescence 1 to 12 in. long, more or less pilose, the
inflorescence i to 10£ in. long, the clusters of flowers ^ to § in.
in diameter, subsessile or on short pedicels, the ultimate pedicels
very short ; the male perianth usually 5 -partite, rarely 4-partite ;
the segments equal, ovate-oblong, concave, uninerved, valvate in
aestivation, -^ in. long, whitish green, rosy outside, sparingly
setose ; stamens usually 5, rarely 4, whitish, transversely
furrowed, elastic ; anthers white, before the opening of the flower
surrounded with the articulate-hyaline filaments resembling the
annulus of ferns, exploding the pollen in an elastic manner with
a momentary development of heat ; ovary globose, rudimentary ;
female flowers several together, sessile, in very loosely racemose
clusters, on closely reflected peduncles which are almost adpressed to
the stem; style long, rosy, terminating in the truncate stigma; fruit
often produced underground, compressed, obliquely elliptical,

990 cxvi. URTICACE^:. [Fleurya

rather obtusely pointed at both ends, glabrous, \ in. long, T*j in.
broad ; fruiting perianth ^ in. long, unequally 4-partite ; the
segments oval ; seed TV in. long ; embryo TV in. long ; fruiting
pedicels very slender, y to ^ in. long.

GOLUXGO ALTO. — In damp places by streams, abundant, flowering
in November and February ; at the river Cuango, fl. Feb. 1855. Nos.
6266, 6296. In especially shady places at the rivulets of Mata de
Quisuculo ; fl. and unripe fr. 28 April, 1856. No. 6265.

When the flowers explode they produce, by means of an electric
discharge, a sense of burning when touched by the hand (Welw. ms.).
I have not seen the female flowers. The fibre of the plant is slender
and tenacious.

This plant should be compared with the var. amphicarpa Engl.
Pfl. Ost.-Afr. C, p. 163 (1895), a specimen of which variety I have not
seen, but which is given by Engler, I.e., as occurring in the Angola
and Lower Congo district. No. 6296 in Herb. Kew. is Girardinia
adoensis Wedd.

4. GIRARDINIA Gaudich.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 384.

1. G. adoensis Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 4, i. p. 181 (1854).

Urtica adoensis Hochst. in PL Schimp. Abyss, i. n. 101 (U. i.,
1840) ; Steud. in Flora xxxiii. p. 259 (1850) ; A. Rich. Fl. Abyss,
ii. p. 262 (1851). Girardinia sp., Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser.
3, xviii. p. 203 in note (1852). G. condensata Wedd. Monogr.
Urtic. p. 169, t. 2, fig. B (1856), partly; and in DC. Prodr.
xvi. 1. p. 103 (1869), partly.

HUILLA. — A stinging herb, 3 to 4 ft. high, sparingly branched. In
shady places by streams near Monino, at the base of the Morro ; fl.
and fr. Jan. 1860. No. 6289.

No. 6296 in Herb. Kew. (not that No. in the study set), is this
species. The same plant was collected by Capello, n. 92, in Feb. 1878,
on the way from Caconda to Bihe in Angola, and there it is rather
common ; the native name is " Lunhi. "

5. ADICEA Rafin. Analyse de la Nature, p. 179 (1815).

Pilea Lindl. Collect, t. 4 (1821); Benth. <k Hook. f. Gen. PL
iii. p. 384.

1. A. tetraphylla O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL ii. p. 623 (1891).

Urtica sp., PI. Schimp. Abyss, i. n. 74 (U. i., 1840). U.
quadrifolia Hochst. in PL Schimp. Abyss, iii. n. 1680 (U. t.,
1844). U. tetraphylla Steud, in Flora xxxiii. p. 260 (1850).
Pilea quadrifolia A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 263 (1851); Wedd.
Monogr. Urtic. p. 199, t. 7, fig. 4-10 (1856) ; Hook. f. in Journ.
Linn. Soc. vii. p. 216 (1864). P. tetraphylla Brume Mus. Bot.
Lugd.-Bat. ii. p. 50 (1856); Wedd. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 136
(1869).

Var. angolensis.

A slender, erect, intensely green, annual herblet, 4 to 6 in.
high, with the habit altogether of an Urtica, somewhat rigid in the
living state, but quickly becoming quite limp, glabrous and unarmed
in most parts but sometimes with a few straight rigid long setae

Adicea\ cxvi. URTICACE.E. 991

on the upper part of the stem and on the lower face of the upper
leaves ; stems simple or but little branched ; leaves scarcely
whorled in fours at the top of the plant, opposite, ovate, obtusely
narrowed at the sub-apiculate apex, very obtusely narrowed at
the trinerved base, membranous, the upper pairs dentate and
ranging up to an inch long by |- in. broad, the lower pairs entire
and ranging up to i in. long by f in. broad ; lateral veins few,
weak ; cystoliths linear ; petioles ranging to |- in. long, slender ;
lower internodes long, the upper ones short ; inflorescence short,
axillary ; flowers clustered.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In moist shady rocky parts of Barrancos da
Pedra Songue in the presidium ; fl. Feb. and May 1857. No. 6258.

The two following Nos. perhaps belong here : —
PUNGO ANDONGO.— On the shady rocks of Pedras de Guinga ; fl.
Jan. 1857. Branched, 3 to 5 in. high. No. 6259. A branched,
apparently annual herb, about a foot high ; in fl. No. 6272.

"N-sasi " or "N-sagi," plural " Jinsasi," and " Cachinde quiansagi "
or " Caxinde iansasi" are native names of a species of this genus.

2. A. Mooreana Hiern, sp. n.

A weak, slender, erect or ascending annual herb, 4 to 12 in.
high ; stem simple, pallid, glabrate and naked below, above
leafy and furnished with sparse spreading narrowly subulate
whitish setae ; leaves opposite, deltoid-ovate, acuminate at the
apex, very obtuse or sub-truncate and often emarginate at
the trinerved base, membranous, herbaceous-green above, sub-
glaucous-green beneath, not conspicuously hairy but with the
hairs thinly scattered or chiefly on the ribs and veins, coarsely
dentate except the base, 1^ to 2 in. long by 1 to If in. broad,
the radical ones about 3 in. long and broad ; lateral veins two
or three on each side of the midrib in addition to the basal
nerves, slender ; teeth sub-deltoid, | to f in. long, apiculate ;
cystoliths on the blade punctiform ; petiole rather slender, |- to
1 in. long, glabrous, marked with oblong or sublinear cystoliths,
that of the radical leaves about 3 in. long and sparingly setose ;
stipules lanceolate or oval-oblong, acute or caudate-acuminate,
concave, somewhat hairy on the back, glabrous inside, ciliolate,
I in. long ; flowers dioacious, the female ones very small, with
an unequally trifid green perianth, without staminodes, few
or several together, sessile, in small pedunculate clusters ;
common peduncle ^ to §- in. long, solitary in the axils of the
middle or lower leaves of the stem, glabrous, marked with
sublinear cystoliths ; capsule compressed, obliquely oval or
ovate-rotund, pallid, -^ in. long, scrobiculate, marked at or
near the apex with the short obliquely placed style and at
the base with the free small persistent oblique perianth.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — In fr. No. 6276- In Mata de Pungo ; without
fl. or fr. Jan. 1857. No. 6256.

This species is named in honour of my friend Mr. Spencer Le
Marchant Moore, F.L.S., who in the Journal of Botany for 1880
elaborated Welwitsch's Acanthacese.

992 cxvr. URTICACE.E. [Elatostema

6. ELATOSTEMA J. R. & G. Forster; Benth. <fe Hook. f. Gen.
PL iii. p. 386.

1 E. sessile J. R. & G. Forst. Char. Gen. p. 106 (1776);.
Wedd. in DO. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 172 (1869).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— In the damp very shady parts of primitive-
forests at the Delamboa stream ; fl. June 1856. No. 6269- An
annual herb • sap watery ; stems succulent ; leaves blackish green,
and shining above, paler beneath, somewhat rigid in the living
state ; flowers clustered, seated on bracteate somewhat fleshy usually
quadrangular and shortly pedunculate receptacles. In especially
shady places by streams near Cacarambola ; fl. beginning of July 1855,

Our specimens are not quite like the type from Tahiti ; though
the plant is described by Welwitsch as annual, the stems sometimes-
throw out adventitious roots near the base : the leaves (including the
acumen) are strongly serrate-dentate, 1 to 4£ in. long by ^ to If in.
broad, acutely acuminate, more or less conspicuously marked with
linear cystoliths, and glabrous except the midrib and principal veins-
beneath. I prefer to consider them as representing a variety of the
above variable species, but on the scale of species as treated by
Weddell it might be regarded as new. Cf. Henriques, Bol. Soc. Brot,
x. p. 163 (1893), where our plant (no. 6269) is said to be identical
with a supposed new species from the island of St. Thomas.

7. POTJZOLZIA Gaudich. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 387,

1. P. procridioides Wedd. Monogr. Urtic. p. 412 (1856), and
in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 231 (1869).

Urtica procridiodes E. Mey. ex Drege in Flora 1843, ii. Bes,
Beigabe, pp. 150, 151, 228. Margarocarpus procridioides Wedd.
in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 4, i. p. 204 (1854). Bohmeria (Mar-
garocarpus) procridioides Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. p. 204
(1856).

BUMBO.— A herb with the habit of a Parietaria. In marshy
bushy places near Bumbo, sporadic ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 6278.

This differs from the type of the t-pecies by the presence of
trimerous and triandrous male flowers in company with tetramerous
and tetrandrous ones.

2. P. andongensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect, annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high, growing in dense
masses ; stems very tenacious, simple naked and glabrescent
below, sparingly branched leafy and hispid-pubescent above,
as well as the branches densely leafy at the apex ; leaves mostly
alternate, ovate or elliptical-ovate, acuminate at the apex, more
or less wedgeshaped at the trinerved base, submembranous, deep
green and with pallid adpressed scattered hairs above, whitish
and more or less arachnoid beneath, entire, 2 to 3| in. long by
1 to 2i in. broad ; lateral veins about two on each side of the
midrib in addition to the basal nerves, in relief on the lower face
of the blade, impressed on the upper face ; cystoliths punctiform ;
petioles hispid-pilose, ranging up to 2^ in. long ; stipules ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate-caudate, glumaceous, uninerved, hispid
along the back, ciliate, § to \ in. long ; lateral or axillary

Pouzolzia] cxvi. URTICACE^E. 993

abbreviated shoots with small leaves resembling i'oliaceous
stipules ; flowers in short axillary or lateral clusters, androgynous
or dioecious, several together, on the upper part of the stem or
branches ; male perianth 4-cleft, -^ in. in diameter ; the lobes
ovate, thinly pilose on the back, ciliate ; stamens 4, glabrous,
around a rudimentary ovary; female perianth 4-cleft, thinly
pilose on the back, ^ in. long, investing the ovary ; staminodes
0 ; fruit ovoid, shining, ^ in. long.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— By streams in the presidium, near Cazella,
fl. and fr. Feb. 1857. No. 6271. In bushy rocky parts of the
presidium, plentiful ; female fl. Feb. and March 1857. No. 6260.

A textile plant. On No. 6260 grew Cuscuta Uepharolepis Welw.
herb. no. 6140, ante p. 743.

3. P. golungensis Hiern, sp. n.

An erect or ascending, slender, annual herb, 2 to 3 ft. high ;
stem rosy purple, simple naked and glabrescent below, branched
and more or less pilose above ; branches ascending, pilose-
pubescent, leafy ; leaves alternate, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate
at the apex, sub- truncate rounded or more or less narrowed at the
base, submembranous, limp, deep green and with scattered pallid
pilose hairs above, whitish and more or less cottony beneath,
trinerved at the base, entire, | to 2 in. long by £ to f in. broad ;
only one pair of lateral veins in addition to the basal nerves, in
relief on the lower face of the blade, impressed on the upper face ;
cystoliths punctiform ; petioles pilose, ranging up to f in. long ;
stipules lanceolate, acuminate-caudate, glumaceous, pilose on the
back, ciliate, -^ to £ in. long ; flowers dioecious, the female ones
greenish, axillary ; perianth -—• in. long, ovoid-conical, costate,
somewhat hairy outside, closely investing the ovary and young
similarly shaped glabrous fruit.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In thinly wooded places at the Capopa stream,
very sparingly ; female fl. and fr. end of May 1856. No. 6277.

Habit of P. gnineensis Benth. in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 518.

4. P. huillensis Hiern, sp. n.

Apparently a perennial shrubby herb, about 3 ft. high,
branched at least above ; branches purplish brown, glabrescent ;
branchlets alternate, somewhat tawny or brown, pubescent, leafy ;
leaves alternate, ovate or oval, more or less acuminate at the apex,
rounded or very obtuse at the base, firmly membranous, deep
green and with scattered pallid adpressed hairs above, paler and
more or less whitish-cottony beneath, triplinerved near the base,
entire, 1^ to 3 in. long by f to 2 in. broad ; lateral veins about
two on each side of the midrib in addition to the sub-basal nerves,
in relief on the lower face of the blade, impressed on the upper-
face ; cystoliths punctiform ; petioles hispid-pilose, ranging up
to nearly an inch long ; stipules lanceolate, acuminate-caudate,
glumaceous, pilose on the back, ciliate, i to ^ in. long ; flowers
dioecious, the male ones clustered several together in the axils,
subsessile ; male perianth depressedly spheroidal in the bud,

64

994 cxvi. URTICACE.E. [Pouzolzia

valvate in aestivation, 4-cleft, hairy outside, TV in. in diameter ;
the lobes deltoid-ovate, apiculate ; stamens 4, glabrous ; filaments
inserted near the internal base to the perianth opposite its lobes;
anthers inflected in the bud,(afterwards exserted ; ovary glabrous,
small, ellipsoidal-oblong, rudimentary.

HUILLA.— In shady forest at Catumba, in rocky places close to the
stream, rare and seen nowhere else ; male fl. Feb. 1860. No. 6290.

Belated to P. guhieevsis Benth. ; but the leaves are larger, whitish-
cottony beneath and triplinerved.

8. PARIETARIA Tournef.,L.; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 392.
1. P. officinalis L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 1052 (1753): Weddell in

DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 23542 (1869).

Of, P. madereruis Eeichenb. in Flora xiii., pp. 131, 380 (1830) ;
Lowe in Hook. Journ. Bot. i. p. 31. (1834).

ISLAND OF MADEIRA. — In fl. and fr. Aug. 1853. No. 6274.

9. FORSKOHLEA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 393.

1. F. viridis Ehrenb. ex Desfont. Cat. Hort. Paris, edit. 3,
p. 347 (Forskahlea) (1829) ; Weddell in DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 23556
(1869).

Chamcedryfolia viridis O. Kuntze, R*v. Gen. PI. ii. p. 625 (1891).

MOSSAMEDES.— An annual, erect herb, from a palm to a foot high,
patently branched from the base upwards, with whitish to greenish
flowers. In rocky shady parts of Santo Antonio ; fl. and fr.
21 July 1859. No. 6291- An erect, herbaceous-green or intensely
green, annual herb, branched from the base to the apex, 1 to 3 ft. high,
with the habit of Mercurialin, Parietaria, or t'rticfi, with flowers
clustered in small heads. In neglected plots of cultivation near
Cavalheiros ; fl. July 1859. No. 6292.

CXVII. HORACES.
1. CANNABIS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p 357.

1. C. sativa L. Sp. PI., edit. 1, p. 1027 (1753) ; Welw. Apontam.
p. 547 sub n. 71 (1859), and Synopse Explic. p. 45, n. 125 (1862) ;
Alph. DC. Prodr. xvi. 1, p. 30 (1869); Monteiro, Angola, ii.
p. 256 (1875); Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 261 (1884); Engl. Mon.
Morac. African, p. 44 (1898).

SIERRA LEONE.— Without fl. or fr. No. 627&/.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— Cultivated by the negroes almost everywhere but
always in small quantities ; at Sange, fl. Jan. 1855. Negro name
"Riamba." No. 6275.

PUNGO ANDONGO.— In fl. and fr. No. 6275c.

HUILLA.— Cultivated by some of the natives in concealed places.
Native name " Riamba." The dried specimens were given to the
Lisbon Medical School. No. 6275/;.

Among the Maraoes "Bangue" is the name of this plant when
dried and prepared for smoking ; in the Congo district it is called
« 51- C *? Loanda> etc-' " Riamba," also sometimes pronounced

Riamba ; in Golungo " Diambe,'' and among the Mahungos and

Cannabis] cxvu. MORACE^E. 995

Gingos " Lianibe " ; the Portuguese name is " Canhamo." This com-
modity, which is for the most part if not wholly composed of the cut-
up leaves of hemp, is eagerly sought for in the markets by the natives
at Loanda and in all the interior of Angola for narcotic smoking ;
indulgence in it constitutes one of the most pernicious of their vices,
especially with the slaves, who when addicted to Eiamba smoking
become nearly useless to their owners. The plant is cultivated in all
the interior districts of Angola, but always in situations more or less
retired or lonely, in order to withdraw the plantations from the notice
and greed of passengers. Haemorrhage of the nose is the very frequent
consequence of this smoking intoxicant ; the natives in the interior of
Huilla are accustomed to cure it with the powdered panicles of
" Encotahote " (Cymbopogon schcenatithus Spr. var. stijpticus Eendle ;
Welw. herb. n. 7526, Coll. Carp. 1093 and 1094), an application of
which nearly always has the desired effect.

For an account of the constituents of hemp resin, see a paper by
T. H. Easterfield and T. B. Wood in Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc. ix. 3,
pp. 144-8 (1896) ; and on its pharmacological action, by C. E.
Marshall, I.e., pp. 149-50.

The dried herb is packed for sale in cylindrical sausage-shaped
parcels, 2 to 3 ft. long and about 4 in. thick. The fruits of the
Adansonia, called "Mucua," are used by the negroes for smoking the
Riamba ; see ante, p. 80.

2. MYRIANTHUS P. Beauv. Fl. Owar. pp. xi, 16, t, 11, excl.
fr., non t. 12 (1804) ; Benth, & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 379.

1. M. arboreus P. Beauv., I.e., p. 17 ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis,
p. 273 (1884); Engl. Mon. Morac. African, p. 37. t. 16 (1898).

GOLUNOO ALTO. — A very elegant tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, mostly
dioecious but not rarely monoecious in different branches of the same
tree ; trunk lj to 2 in. in diameter at the base, branched a little above
the base ; branches spreading ; sap of the branchlets watery, viscid,
scarcely turning white, but the trunk when cut with a knife showed no
sap ; leaves digitate ; syncarpium resembling both in its shape and
golden colour a pineapple or some species of Pandanus, its flesh edible,
acidulous-sweet ; seeds numerous in the syncarpium. In the dense
rather damp primitive forests close to streams about Sange and in the
Alto Queta and Cungulungulo mountains, plentiful ; male and female
fl. Nov. and Dec. 1855 ; fr. Dec. 1855. Native name " Musibiri,''
" Musuviri," or " Musubiri." No. 2590 and COLL. CARP. 901.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A form with obtuse leaflets and more slender
male inflorescence. In the denser forests of Mata de Pungo : male fl.
March 1857. No. 2591.

The Lichens, nn. 109, 119, 151, 167, 168, 171, 183, 331, 375, 376, 467,
grew on the trunk or branches of this tree in Golungo Alto ; also the
moss n. 213 (Rocnpilum sp.) and the hepatic n. 316 on the bark, in the
same district. In Pungo Andongo it is also called " Pernambuco."

3. MUSANGA E. Br. in Tuckey, Congo, pp. 453, 328, 329,
467 (1818); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 379.

1. M. cecropioides Br. ex Tedlie in Bowdich, Miss. Ashantee,
p. 372 (1819).

M. Smithii R. Br. in Benn. & Br. PI. Javan. Horsfield, p. 49
(1838); Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiv. p. 4. tt. 1306, 1307 (April
1880) ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 273 (1884) ; Engl. Mon. Morac.

996 cxvii. MORACEJE. [Miisanga

African, p. 42, c. fig. p. 43 and t. 18 (1898) ; non Benth. in Hook.
Niger Fl. p. 519 (1849).

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— A very elegant tree, 12 to lo ft. high,
branched a little above the base, with a broad head and good wood
suitable for house-building ; leaves digitate ; leaflets 6, 1 to H ft. long ;
common petiole more than 7 in. long. In the more elevated forests
of the island, on Monte Caffe, 1000 to 2800 ft. alt. ; some leaves contri-
buted by Senhor Carvalho ; without fl. or fr. Dec. I860. In habit like
Myrianthits arboreta P. Beauv., but the leaflets^are quite entire instead
of strongly serrate. Native name " Gofe." No. 2592.

According to Tedlie, I.e., the hairy sheath or stipule of this large
palmate-leaved tree resembles a skin, is boiled in soup, and used as a
powerful emmenagogue ; in Ashantee it is called " Oeduema."

31. Smithii Benth. in Niger Fl., I.e., is Macdranga/ifterophi/lla'M.ueM.
arg., ante, p. 981 ; the type of M. Smithii, which was collected by
Christian Smith on the Lower Congo, and also that of .17. cecropioides,
are in the National Herbarium.

4. FICUS Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 367.

Some species of figs are especially rich in a thick glutinous
milk, which is used by the negroes in the preparation of a bird-
lime, called Molemba ordinaria ; other species, such as F. Quibeba,
supply a tough and firm wood, useful for the manufacture of
domestic articles ; and some, such as /'. trichophylla and F.
psilopoya, belong to the most stately trees of western tropical
Africa, both on account of their large-leaved and widely extended
heads with brick-red branchas, as well as for the abundance of
their peach-coloured figs, with which they are laden twice a year,
and which are tolerably juicy, somewhat sweet and used by several
colonists for the extraction of a very excellent spirit tasting like a
superior gin. Welwitsch considered that enterprising men with
the necessary knowledge and a moderate amount of capital might,
in consequence of the great fruitfulness and frequent occurrence
of the trees, make this a profitable branch of industry. Other fig
trees again have aerial roots, which are coloured red during the
rainy season, and which hang down from the branches to the
extent often of 10 to 12 ft. and produce an exceedingly strange
appearance enhanced considerably by the presence of their in-
numerable cherry-like figs.

Many other species grow as parasites, either rising clear from
the branches of some other tree, or, embracing the tree with its
stem pressed flat like a covering, sooner or later kills it, and then
the fig tree, previously often only a half open tube, closes at the
top and starts with an entire stem its independent existence.

The leaves of F. exusperata Vahl, are used for polishing purposes.

1. F. pseudo-elastica Welw. ms. in herb., sp. n.

A tree, 20 to 25 ft. higher and more, producing an elastic gum ;
head very broad ; branches rambling, patent ; branchlets smooth,
glabrescent, towards the apex puberulous, rather thick, leafy;
leaves alternate, entire or somewhat sinuous-repand, ovate-oblong,
obtusely and shortly cuspidate at the apex, rounded or subcordate

Ficus] cxvu. HORACES. 997

at the somewhat unequal base, 3- or 5-nerved at or near the base,
coriaceous, somewhat glossy and deep green above, paler beneath,
smooth, glabrous or nearly so, 4 to 7 in. long by 2 to 3i in. broad ;
principal lateral veins about 10 to 12 on each side in addition to
the basal nerves, slender ; reticulation minute ; interspaces minutely
scaly-papillose ; petioles robust, shortly pubescent, 1| to 2| in.
long; stipules caducous, broad-based, apparently rather small;
receptacles axillary, subsessile, subglobose, about £ in. in diameter,
shortly pubescent, solitary or two together, the one examined
containing male flowers and barren female ones; basal bracts
puberulous on the back, united into a small shortly cleft cup ;
ostiole small; male flowers with a hyaline unequally 3- to
5-partite or -cleft perianth ; stamen solitary, the filaments united
below to an abortive pistillode ; barren female flowers with a
short hyaline 4- or 5-cleft perianth or similar to that of the
male flowers.

BUMBO. — In the more elevated forests of Serra da Xella (Chao da
Xella) ; male fl. and unripe fr. Oct. 1859. No. 6365.

This belongs to the section Palaeomorphe of King.

The following No. should be compared with this species, but I
have not had the opportunity of examining the structure of the
receptacle : —

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A strongly lactescent tree of moderate size ;
branches spreading, also nearly horizontal ; branchlets smooth,
glabrous ; leaves alternate, oval or broadly ovate, entire or slightly
sinuous-repand, very shortly and obtusely or abruptly acuminate at
the apex, broadly and unequally or slightly hollowed at the 5-nerved
base, coriaceous, smooth, glabrous, glaucescent-green above, light green
beneath, 9 to 11 in. long by 5£ to 7 in. broad ; principal lateral "veins
6 to 12 on each side in addition to the basal nerves, in clear relief
beneath ; tertiary and net-veins close, in relief beneath ; interspaces
minutely scaly-pulverulent beneath, minutely pitted above ; petioles
stout, smooth, glabrous or puberulous, 2£ to 3f in. long ; receptacles
large, the size of a pigeon's egg, li in. long by f- in. thick, ellipsoidal,
puberulous, subsessile, dusky, laterally bracteate at the base. In
shady forests around Bango, Quilombo, and Canguerasange, not un-
common ; also on sunny declivities ; fr. Nov. 1854. No. 6393.

The fungus n. 74, PhyHacliora repens Sacc., A. L. Sm. in Journ. Bot.
1898, p. 178, grew on the leaves of a species of Ficus, probably this
plant, at Sange in Nov. 1854 and July 1856.

The following three Nos. apparently differ in various particulars
and by having large stipules ; the two last of them were con-
sidered by Welwitsch as possibly varieties of his F. pseudo-elastica ;
the foliage and stipules suggest F. syringifolia Warb. in Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 170 (1894), non F. syringcefolia Kunth and
Bouche Ind. Som. Berol. (1846) p. 35, but the lateral veins of the
leaves are rather more numerous : —

A glabrous, parasitical tree, 30 to 50 ft. high ; trunk dimor-
phous, the young ones flattened and confluent with the mother
plant, the older ones cylindrical and emancipated from the matrix,
patently branched, suddenly becoming round and thick and then

998 cxvu. HORACES. [Ficus

assuming the form of a tree ; branchlets smooth, dark green
towards the apex; leaves alternate, entire or slightly sinuous-
undulate, ovate, shortly acutely and often abruptly acuminate at
the apex, nearly rounded or hollowed at the unequal 5-nerved
base, chartaceous, smooth, dark green above, lighter green or
paler beneath, 4| to 9 in. long by 3 to 6 in. broad ; lateral veins
about 6 to 8 on each side in addition to the basal nerves, spreading
at rather a wide angle, anastomosing within the margin, rather
slender ; tertiary veins patent, not conspicuous ; reticulation
manifest only beneath, minute ; interspaces microscopically scaly-
papillose, pallid ; petioles li to 4 in. long, smooth ; stipules from
a broad base lanceolate, acute, 1 to 3 in. long, deciduous but less
caducous than in many species of the genus.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In damp forests at cataracts of the river Cuango,
rather rare ; without fl. or fr. beginning of Aug. 1855. No. 6344. At
Sange, without fl. or fr. April 1855. Nos. 6396, 6397.

This species (no. 6344) grows in the same 'manner as F. persici/olia

(no. 6337), with the difference that its trunk when it reaches some

height separates itself from the mother plant and becomes independent.

2. F. Welwitschii Warb. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 160

(16 Nov. 1894).

AMBRIZ. — A majestic tree, under which Welwitsch had an audience
with the Queen of Ambriz and where her throne was placed ; many
smaller trees were in the same village of Quibanca, near Ambriz ;
Nov. 1853. Fruit (syncarpium) fusiform, sessile. Jso. 6355-

LIBONGO. — A handsome tree, 50 ft. high, with an ovoid-pyramidal
head. In the more elevated Libongo forests ; fr. Sept. 1858.
No. 6404.

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO. — A magnificent lofty tree, 80 to 100 ft. or
even 130 ft. high, one of the most beautiful, never seen to throw out
aerial roots ; trunk always straight, moderately thick ; head dense,
ovoid-oblong ; branches erect-patent, repeatedly divided ; leaves
cordate-ovate, abruptively attenuate into an acumen ; receptacles
fusiform, sessile, two together, grey-greenish. On the outskirts of
forests by streams, not uncommon ; at the river Chiche and among
the Mongolo and Calumguembo mountains ; fr. beginning of Sept.
1857, and nearly ripe fr. end of Oct. 1854. Also cultivated and
reverenced by the negroes. No. 6356.

CAZENGO. — A broadly frondose, lofty tree, of very beautiful aspect ;
fruit pisiform, puberulous, somewhat tawny, sessile, with small bracts
at the base. At the borders of forests near Cacula, by the king's
highway which leads towards Cambondo, sporadic ; fr. June 1855.
No. 6354.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A vast tree, 30 to 50 ft. high ; trunk 4 ft. in
diameter at the base, at the height of 5 to 6 ft. divided into patent
branches; leaves very thinly coriaceous, bright green, somewhat glossy
and rigid. At the external base of the gigantic rocks of the presidium,
sporadic ; for instance, near Caghuy and at the river Casalale , early
fr. end of March 1857. No. 6364.

This is apparently the Ficus, related to F. religiosa L., which
Welwitsch in Ann. Cons. Ultramar. Lisb. No. 7 (Aug. 1854), p. 80.
n. 18, described as a very lofty and beautiful tree with pisiform
fruits, occurring at the village of Quiban^a in the Ambriz district.

Ficus] cxvu. M GRACED. 999

Var. beroensis.

A beautiful, evergreen tree, 20 to 30 ft. high or of vast size, copi-
ously lactescent, broadly frondose ; branches pallid, firm, glabrous,
terete ; branchlets spreading, furrowed in the dry state, leafy,
nodulose, somewhat puberulous towards the extremities ; leaves
altei-nate, entire, ovate, very acutely acuminate or cuspidate at
the apex, obtusely narrowed truncate or subcordate and often
unequal at the base, thinly and rigidly coriaceous, glabrous,
pale green especially beneath, sub-glaucescent especially above,
somewhat trinerved or unequally 5-nerved at or near the base,
minutely punctate, 1^ to 5^ in. long by |- to 2|- in. broad ; venation
clearly marked and in relief on both faces ; lateral veins about
8 to 10 on each side in addition to the basal nerves, erect-patent,
nearly straight for half their length, dividing and anastomosing
within the margin ; intermediate veinlets shorter ; reticulation
complex ; petioles furrowed, pallid, ^ to 1^ in. long ; stipules
deciduous; receptacles mostly 2 together, axillary, subsessile or
sessile, crowded, pisiform, i to ^ in. in diameter, at first almost
hyaline and bright rosy, in full maturity purple, obsoletely hairy
with short white hairs, bracteate at the base, marked at the apex
with the small imbricate-lobulate orifice, but little juicy ; bracts
small, obtuse, puberulous or glabrescent ; male, female, and gall
flowers in the same receptacles ; male flowers with a solitary
stamen ; female flowers with an elongated stigma.

MOSSAMEDES. — At the rocky sides of the river Bero ; fl. and ripe fr.
end of July 1859. No. 6379. On the gneiss rocks at the banks of the
river Bero near Boca do Rio ; without fl. or fr. July 1859. No. 6381.

3. F. tuberculosa Welw. ms. in herb, sp. n.

A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high, densely frondose all over and even
from a little above the base ; trunk nearly a foot in diameter ;
branches erect -spreading ; branchlets patent, sparingly lactescent,
leafy towards the apex, minutely papillose-pulverulent, smooth,
often with nodular protuberances or abbreviated shoots ^ to i in.
thick from which the peduncles take their origin ; leaves alternate,
crowded at the extremities of the branchlets, less crowded below
but usually with short internodes, entire, broadly ovate or oval,
cuspidate at the apex, obtuse or rounded-truncate at the some-
what unequal 3- to 5-nerved base, glabrous or nearly so, thickly
coriaceous in the living state, deep green and somewhat glossy
above, paler beneath, 3 to 9 in. long by If to 5^ in. broad ;
lateral veins abojit 7 or 8 on each side in addition to the basal
nerves, impressed above, acutely prominent yellowish in the living
state and turning purple in the dry state beneath, spreading
at rather a wide angle, feebly anastomosing within the margin ;
tertiary veins patent, slender ; reticulation minute, impressed ;
interspaces inconspicuously papillose beneath, punctate above;
petioles moderately robust, § to 2f in. long, puberulous or
minutely papillose-pulverulent ; stipules comparatively small,
i in. long, from a broad base ovate, abruptly very acute,

1000 cxvu. HORACES. [Ficus

deciduous, glabrous; receptacles hemispherical or subglobose or
slightly obovoid, an inch in diameter or rather more, often de-
pressed at the apex, 2 to 4 together, very viscid, exuding a vast
quantity of milk, subglabrous, wrinkled with small multiform
pits, turning greenish yellow when ripe, originating on the two-
year-old branches in comparatively large thick fleshy tubercles
(almost as large as a small hazel nut) which at first cover them
and then after the autumn rains of April and May break open
and form the tubercular base around the ripe infructescence ;
basal bracts 2, opposite, broadly ovate, rarely bipartite ; ostiole
small, usually sunk in the depression at the apex of the receptacle,
with a narrow slit ; peduncles 4- to 1 in. long, semi- terete, puberu-
lous with very short almost papilliform hairs ; flowers not seen ;
fruit-perianth trifid ; style long ; stigma spongy-capitate ; fruit
elongated-obovoid.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — At the outskirts of forests in Sobato de Quilombo,
rather rare, ripe fruit, 1 May, 1856 ; also one specimen found in the
convent garden at Bango Aquitamba. No. 6413 and COLL. CARP. 899.
No notes. Without fl. or fr. Leaves rather larger, ranging to 10 in.
long by 6j in. broad, cordate at the base, and about 10 lateral veins
on each side in addition to the basal ones. Perhaps this species.
No. 6423.

Var. ? elliptica.

Leaves elliptical, acuminate-cuspidate at the apex, obtusely
contracted to a rounded trinerved base, shortly pubescent along
the midrib and about 10 pairs of lateral veins beneath, 4 to 6 in.
long by 1 1 to 2 5 in. broad.

PUNGO AXDONGO. — A tree, 12 to 15 ft. high ; trunk 4 to G in. thick,
divaricately branched from the height of 4 or 5 ft. ; branches tortuous ;
leaves thickly coriaceous, glossy ; receptacles pyriform-obovoid, 1 to
1£ in. long, greenish, rough with tolerably large white warts. In
rugged places by the lower rocks of Pedra Songue, rather rare ; young
fr. seen but not collected Jan. (or June) 1857, leafy specimens without
fl. or fr. collected April 1857. No. 6358. Perhaps a distinct species.

No. 6350, without locality or notes, consists of leafy specimens,
perhaps of two different species, one of which rather resembles the
var. elliptica.

4. F. ftuibeba Welw. ex Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 270 (1884).

GOLUXGO ALTO.— A very beautiful tree, 20 to 45 ft. high or rarely
60 to 80 ft., resembling in habit a gigantic Magnolia, strongly
lactescent with a white milk, much like F. elont'tca Roxb. but the
leaves are not varnished-glossy above nor so glaucous beneath nor is
the midrib reddish as in that species ; branchlets furrowed, scarred,
pubescent and leafy at the apex, not slender ; leaves'alternate, crowded,
entire, obovate-oval oroval-oblong, shortly abruptly and rather obtusely
acuminate at the apex, nearly rounded or somewhat wedge-shaped at
the base, thickly coriaceous, hard, smooth, glabrous or nearly so above,
pubescent beneath with short whitish scarcely conspicuous hairs, r,ub-
glaucescent-green above, pale-brown beneath, 5 to 14 in. long by
/ to b£ in. broad, inconspicuously 3- or 5-nerved at or near the base ;
midrib impressed above, strongly raised and much broader than
tne lateral veins beneath ; lateral veins about 8 to 10 on each side in

J?icus\ cxvn. MORACE.E. 1001

addition to the basal nerves, sub-parallel, anastomosing near the margin ;
net veins intricate, close, in relief beneath ; petioles angular, puberulous,
1J to 4 in. long, of nearly the same thickness throughout ; receptacles
very crowded, proceeding from the thicker branches and even from
the trunk, obovoid, warted, as large as a pigeon's egg, shortly pedun-
culate. In dense thickets among the Queta mountains, sporadic ; in
leaf, without fl. or fr. extant on the specimens, beginning of June
1855. The fruit was seen by Welwitsch. No. 6399.

Dr. Warburg, /.c., p. 155, regarded this No. as probably a form of
F. Vogelii (Miq.). The native name is " Quibeba." The lichens nos.
:213, 252, 381, grew on the trunks of F. Quibeba.

This tree supplies a tough and firm white wood, which is manu-
factured into bowls and such-like domestic articles ; the trunk is
straight and usually 4- to 6-gonal as if consisting of 4 to 6 trees grown
together (as occurs also in several other specimens of this genus) ; and
ihe head forms a broad majestic crown. The tree frequently has
growing upon its branches plants of Hariota parasitica, O. Kuntze
•(ante, p. 407), Loranthus, and orchids.

5. F. callescens Hiern, sp. n.

A small tree, 12 to 20 ft. high, very much branched, ever-
.green ; trunk and branches sparingly or copiously lactescent ;
branches spreading, dusky or ashy, glabrous, smooth, somewhat
angular ; branchlets pendulous after the habit of Salix babylonica
L., clavate-thickened towards the apex, densely clothed with the
persistent stipules, leafy ; leaves alternate, obversely lanceolate
•or obovate, cuspidate or spiculate at the apex, wedge-shaped to
the unicostate base, very thick, dryly coriaceous, hard, very
rigid, glabrous, green glossy smooth and punctate with raised
points above, pallid and delicately reticulate beneath, sometimes
not lactescent and even in the living state nearly dry, 3 to 7^ in.
long by 1 to 2^ in. broad ; principal lateral veins 6 to 1 0 on
•each side of the strong midrib, slender, clearly marked beneath,
inconspicuous above, spreading ; net veins pale, sunk in com-
paratively broad depressions which are often punctate with raised
points ; interspaces beneath slightly in relief rather darker and
minutely dotted ; petioles broad, ^ to li in. long, sometimes not
lactescent, smooth, pulverulent with minute dots or glands ;
stipules ovate, ^ to f in. long, reddish, soon turning brown, very
•abundant, imbricate, pulverulent-puberulous on the back,
delicately pluricostate ; receptacles rare, pyriform, hollowed or
depressed about the apex, obtusely umbonate, shortly hairy and
scrobiculate outside, f to 1 j- in. long, thick-skinned ; interior
.about f in. long by 1 to f- in. in diameter ; basal bracts £ to \ in.
long, stipuliform ; coat inside somewhat porous or spongy but
£rm ; peduncles f to 1^ in. long, axillary, solitary ; male, female,
and neuter flowers in the same receptacle ; perianth 4-partite ;
segments narrow ; ovary narrow ; style terminal, rather long ;
stigma bipartite ; stamens solitary ; filament long, slender ;
anther short, dusky.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — By springs in very dense thickets between the
streams Quango and Quiapoze, rather rare ; fr. Nov. 1854. No. 6395.
In dense wooded places at the Quiquele-quele spring near Sange ;

1002 cxvu. MORACE.E. [Ficus

without fr. Aug. 1855. No. 6385. At Quiquele-quele between Sange
and Bango Aquitamba ; fl. Aug. 1856. No. 6420-

The lichen n. 287 grew on the leaves of this species at the spring
of Quiquele-quele in August 1855.

This is nearly related to F. Preussii Warb. I.e., p. 156, but the leaves
in our plant are more regularly wedgeshaped towards the base and are
smaller ; their venation is similar.

The following No., with laurel-like foliage, differs from F.
callescens by having the lateral veins of the leaves much more
numerous, etc.

6. A huge tree, 50 to 80 ft. high, full of a thick milk ; head
depressedly hemispherical, very broad; branches spreading,
bending sometimes upwards sometimes downwards ; branchlets
ashy, smooth, glabrate or inconspicuously pulverulent, curving,
rigid, leafy especially towards the apex ; leaves alternate, entire,
obovate- oblong, obtusely subcuspidate at the apex, rounded or
obtusely wedgeshaped at the inconspicuously 3- or 5- nerved base,
coriaceous, hard, smooth, glabrous, very rigid, deep green glossy
and with elevated rounded points above, paler beneath, 4 to
7 in. long by 11 to 2| in. broad ; midrib thick, prominent
beneath ; lateral veins numerous, parallel, patent, slender ;
reticulation minute, plainly marked beneath ; interspaces marked
beneath with small papillose points ; petioles thick, i to -g- in.
long, smooth; stipules deltoid-ovate, glabrous, ^ to ^ in. longr
caducous.

GOLUXGO ALTO. — In mountainous places in Sobato de Bumba, not
plentiful; without fl. or fr. 22 Oct. 1855. No. 6339. By the cross
road leading to Bango ; without fl. or fr. Sept. 1856. No. 6420'''.

The fungus n. 75 Phylluchora repens Sacc. (cf. A. L. Smith in Journ,
Bot. 1898, p. 178), and the lichen n. 285 grew on the leaves of this fig
near Sange in May 1855 and Feb. 1856.

7. F. microcarpa Vahl, Enum. PI. ii. p. 188 (1806) ; Thonn.
in Danske Vidensk. Selsk. iii. p. 48 (1828); Miq. in Annal. Mus.
Bot. Lugd.-Bat. iii. p. 288 (1867); non L. f.

F. Thonningi Blume, Rumphia ii. p. 17 (1836). Urostigma
Thonningii Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 557 (1847),
vii. t. 13. fig. C (1848), and in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 522 (1849),
and Afrik. Vijge-Boom. p. 38 (1849).

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— Without receptacles, Dec. 1860. Called
" Mussanda." The bark supplies a dye. No. 6405.

The leafy branches agree well with a specimen with fruit in the
National Herbarium collected at the Cape Coast by Brass, which
appears to belong to this species, but I have not seen a type specimen.

The following five Nos. may be compared with this species, but
some at least of them are apparently distinct.

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO. — A shrub. On a rock near Tanderachique ;
without receptacles, Sept 1857. No. 6400.

This is probably the F/c?ix mentioned by Welwitsch in bis diary
27 Aug. to 7 Sept. 1857. as a bush with a widely spreading head
thickly coriaceous leaves and pendulous or reflected fruit, occurring at
Tanderaxique, but very rare.

FlCUs] CXVII. MORACE-E. 1003

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A broadly frondose nearly glabrous tree of
moderate size, resembling a huge Camellia ; branches spreading,
smooth ; branchlets leafy ; leaves alternate, broadly oval or sub-
rotund, rounded or obtusely narrowed at the apex, rounded or some-
what narrowed at the unequal obtuse 3- to 5-nerved base, closely
resembling those of Camellia japonica L., thickly coriaceous, smooth,
glabrous, entire, 1£ to 3 in. long by l£ to 2 in. broad, deep green
above, pale green beneath ; lateral veins about 6 on each side in
addition to the basal nerves, slender, clearly marked but scarcely con-
spicuous, anastomosing within the margin ; reticulation complex ;
interspaces dotted above, minutely scaly-punctate beneath ; petioles
glabrous, smooth, moderately robust, § to If in. long ; stipules short,
convolute, acutely conical that is pyramidately folded round the
petiole, hairy outside, deciduous. In forests near Canguerasange,
Bango, and Quilombo, sporadic ; without receptacles, Nov. 1854.
No. 6340.

Perhaps a distinct species.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A high climbing shrub ; branches patently
recurved ; branchlets irregularly twiggy, somewhat erect or patent
or even recurved in the form of semicircles ; leaves coriaceous, glossy,
very delicately tuberculate above, paler and with raised venation
beneath, 1 to 2J in. long by £ to 1 J in. broad ; petioles £ to £ in. long.
In the forest, in the clefts of the rocks of the presidium at Cabondo ;
without receptacles, Nov. 1856. No. 6363.

This should also be compared with F. chrysocerasus Welw.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A subglabrous, much branched shrub, 5 to 7 ft.
high ; branchlets densely leafy ; leaves alternate, obliquely oval,
obtuse or rounded at the apex, unequal or sub-equal at the usually
obtuse or rounded base, penniveined, coriaceous, glossy, entire, ever-
green, 1 to 2 in. long by § to 1 in. broad ; lateral and net veins weak,
not conspicuous ; petioles £ to i in. long. In elevated rocky places,
in Pedras de Guinga, in company with Myroihamnus flabellifoliux
Welw. no. 1279 (ante, p. 331) ; without receptacles, March 1857.
No 6362.

Perhaps a distinct species.

ISLAND OF MADEIRA. — A small tree ; branchlets glabrous, not
scabrid, leafy ; bark lenticellate, somewhat ashy and rimose ; leaves
alternate, entire, elliptical, somewhat oblique, shortly and obtusely
narrowed at the apex, obtuse and slightly emarginate on the upper
face at the feebly trinerved base, glabrous, smooth, thinly coriaceous,
not conspicuously penniveined, punctulate and minutely pitted on
both faces, dark green above, slightly paler beneath, 2f to 3| in. long
by 1 to 1£ in. broad ; petioles dusky, glabrous, £ to £ in. long ;
receptacle pisiform, glabrous, smooth, ^ in. in diameter, containing
numerous male and a few female flowers ; no gall-flowers seen ;
ostiole somewhat prominent, £ in. in diameter ; basal bracts 2,
glabrous, short, broad, rounded ; male perianth shortly funnelshaped,
bluntly trigonous, J^ in. long, shortly pedicellate or subsessile,
tripartite, the segments obovate, valvate ; stamen solitary ; female
perianth Jj in. long ; style short ; stigma longer, with a filiform
apical appendage. At Funchal ; fl. Aug. 1853. No. 6401.

Perhaps an introduced tree.

8. F.ottoniaefoliaMiq.Ann.Mus.Bot.Lugd.-Bat.iii.p. 288(1867).

Urostigma ottonicefolium Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi.

p. 557 (1847), & vii. t. 13, fig. B (1848), and in Hook. Niger

1004 cxvu. HORACES. \Ficus

Fl. p. 521 (1849), and Afrik. Vijge-Boom. p. 37 (1849). F.
Lucanda Welw. ex Ficalho PI. Uteis, p. 269 (1884).

A tree, 20 to 35 ft. high, but usually met with as a much-
branched shrub of 5 to G ft. and then closely resembling in its
foliage a young erect plant of ivy, glabrous, not lactescent but
exuding a watery viscid sap ; branches patent, very crowded ;
bark grey-dusky or ashy ; branchlets spreading ascending or
somewhat erect, rambling, pale green or somewhat dusky towards
the apex ; leaves alternate, entire, elliptical or somewhat oval,
cuspidate with a long acumen at the apex, obtusely contracted
or nearly rounded at the base, rigidly and thinly coriaceous, very
bright and deep green or varnished -glossy above, paler beneath,
nearly always conduplicate and pendulous, quivering, 2i to 5£ in.
long by 1 to 2| in. broad ; 3-nerved at or near the base ; midrib
clearly raised beneath, narrowly depressed above ; principal lateral
veins about 3 or 4 on each side, slender, with inconspicuous
intervening shorter ones ; net- veins slender ; petioles \ to 4£ in.
long, rather slender ; stipules about ^ in. long or more, broad-
based, glabrous, caducous; receptacles very abundant, 1 or 2
together and often with a third one springing from the same point
on the thicker branches, sometimes also on the trunk where it is
a foot in diameter and on the slender green branches, at first
green, afterwards turning yellow, pyriform, or on the younger
branches cerasiform, i to ^ in. long, 'i to ~, in. in diameter, each
containing male, female, and gall flowers, beset outside with small
distant hemispherical warts, faintly ribbed and veined ; basal
bracts short, connate below ; ostiole with small bracts ; peduncles
I to f in. long, arching upwards ; internal bracteoles narrow ;
stamen 1 ; stigma elongated.

GOLTTNGO ALTO.— In Sobato de Bango Quilombo and about Muria,
occasional ; ripe fr. Jan. 1855. No. 6391. At the outskirts of
secondary woods near Banza de Bango ; without fl. or fr. Jan. 1855.
No. 6393. Chiefly in the elevated forests of Quilombo Bango, more
rarely by thickets near Trombeta : unripe fr. Aug. 1855. No. 6392.

The native doctors call it " Lucanda " ; it is one of species of the
genus called by the collective name of " Molemba." A very small
species of Cympi chooses this plant by preference for its abode.

9. F. verruculosa Warb., I.e., p. 166.

HUILLA.— A tree, of moderate size, more than 25 ft. high ; leaves
pallid beneath and -densely punctate but not glaucous ; receptacles
greenish. In the denser forests between Monino and Erne • fl and
unripe fr. April 1860. No. 6375. A large tree, not uncommonly
above 80 ft. high and 3 to 10 ft. in diameter ; branches spreading ;
aerial roots slender, blood-red ; fruit turning red, eaten by the negroes.
In the Monino forests by streams ; fl. and fr. May 1 860. No. 6366.

10. F. praeruptorum Hiern, sp. n.

An elegant tree, 15 to 20 ft. high, perhaps at length taller,
with the habit of a laurel ; branches and leafy branchlets erect-
spreading, turning reddish-brown and glabrous, nodulose ; head
dense; young shoots pubescent with short whitish spreading

Ficus] CXVII. MORACE.E. 1005

hairs ; leaves alternatej entire, oval, rounded or obtusely pointed
at the apex, rounded or somewhat narrowed at the base, glabrous,
rigidly coriaceous, glaucous-green above, glaucescent beneath,
scarcely or slightly punctate, 1 to 2J in. long by ^ to 1 in. broad,
inconspicuously 3- or 5-nerved at or near the base, narrowly
revolute on the margin ; venation in relief on both faces ; midrib
stronger than the lateral veins, the latter 6 to 8 on each side,
erect-patent, slender, parallel and straight for the greater part of
their length, branched in a reticulate manner, anastomosing
within the margin, with other shorter anastomosing and inter-
vening lateral veins ; petioles puberulous with short slender whitish
spreading hairs, pallid, moderately thick, i to f in. long ; stipules
lance-shaped, 1 in. long, puberulous on the back, caducous ;
receptacles pisiform, turning red, £ to i in. in diameter, obsoletely
tomentellous and puberulous with short scattered spreading
hairs, mostly 2 or 3 together in the axils of present or fallen
leaves, crowded, bracteate at the base; bracts short, connate,
obtuse, obsoletely tomentellous and puberulous ; ostiole with short
thin lobes puberulous on the back ; peduncles tomentellous and
puberulous, T\- to TV in. long ; male, female, and gall flowers in
the same receptacles ; stamens solitary ; stigmas elongated.

HUILLA.— On the steep slopes of Morro de Monino ; fr. end of
March 1860. No. 6373.

Nearly related to F. verruculosa Warb.

11. F. Dekdekena A. Rich. Fl. Abyss, ii. p. 268 (1851).
Urostigma Dekdekena Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi.

p. 558 (1847), and Afrik. Yijge-Boom. p. 36 (1849).

HUILLA.— A large tree, 80 to 100 ft. high, developing beards,
trunk 6 ft. in diameter. Near Banza do Soba Nangolo, Lopollo ;
without fl. or fr. April 1860. No. 6372.

In the absence of flowers or fruits, the identification must be
considered doubtful.

12. F. chrysocerasus Welw. ex Warb., I.e., p. 167.

LIBONGO. — A broadly frondose tree, 25 to 35 ft. high ; head ovoid-
hemispherical, very densely ramulose ; leaves comparatively small
(1 to 3 in. long by % to 1J in. broad), rigidly coriaceous, glossy, ever-
green ; receptacles very abundant, like cherries in shape, | to § in. in
diameter, shortly pedunculate, golden yellow, broadly umbonate,
much delighted in by wild birds and also by negro children. In
wooded not very damp places in the district (and in Ambriz) ; fl. and
fr. Sept. 1858. No. 6357.

"Zandeiro," perhaps a corruption of " Nandeira," is the local name
of this tree in Libongo.

The following No. has larger leaves somewhat cordate at the
base and deciduous, with rather longer petioles; it should be
compared with this species : —

AMBRIZ. — A small tree, with very deciduous leaves (2£ to 4 in. long
by 1 to 1£ in. broad), quite covered with golden-yellow fruits, and
surrounded by hundreds of birds. Hill near Ambriz, in company
with Eugenia (cf. E. guineensis. ante, p. 359 ; Welw. herb. no. 4396) ;
fl. and fr. Nov. 1853. No. 6383.

1006 cxvu. HORACES. [Ficus

13. F. psilopoga Welw. ex Ficalho, I.e., p. 270, and ex Warb.,
I.e., p. 164.

Cf F. chlamydodora Warb., I.e., pp. 163, 164; Engl. Pfl. Ost-
Afr., C, p. 161, t. 8. fig. A-F (1895).

BARRA DO DANDE. — Aerial roots turning a blood-red colour, juicy,
largely used by the natives as a styptic medicine. Trees were seen
in some instances in fruit with foliage, in others in fruit without
foliage, and in others again in leaf without flower or fruit, all these
cases in the same place and at the same time, Nov. 1853. No. 6352

LOANDA.— Cultivated in the public walks at Loanda : fr. May 1854.
No. 6352 partly.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A handsome evergreen tree, 30 to CO ft. high ;
head broad, ovoid-oblong ; branches patent, throwing out very crowded
aerial roots which hang down vertically and when they reach the
ground take root and give rise to fresh trunks, the latter at length
attaching themselves in an arching manner to the mother plant ;
receptacles turning red, equalling small cherries in size, eaten by the
negroes. In primitive forests throughout the wooded mountainous
districts ; among the Alto Queta mountains : fl. and fr. May 1856.
Xo. 6352 partly. An extensive tree, with long red beards, that is,
furnished with reddening aerial roots issuing from the lower side of
the branches ; leaves coriaceous, shining, sometimes deciduous, some-
times evergreen : receptacles 2 or 3 together, sessile, turning
red, equal to large peas in size, At the outskirts of forests, about
villages, etc. ; fl. and fr. May 1855. No. 6351. A tree, 25 to 35 ft.
high ; head ample ; tmnk angular below, straight, furnished with red
beards ; leaves thickly coriaceous, very highly shining, with red
midribs ; receptacles like cherries in size and shape, turning red, soft :
pulp viscid ; seeds numerous. In the primitive forests of Bango and
Quilombo, also in Sobato de Bumba ; fl. and fr. beginning of Nov.
1855. No. 6349.

AMBACA.— A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, exuding an abundant milk ;
head widely spreading : leaves coriaceous, gbssy ; ripe receptacles red-
purple, as large as small cherries. At the outskirts of primitive forests
near Mata de Cabondo ; fl. and fr. June 1855. No. 6418.

The Portuguese colonists call it " Incendeira," a name which the
negroes corrupt into " Sandeira." The native name in Golungo Alto
is 'I Mulemba " or " Molemba" or " Malemba," in plural " Milemba " ;
it is indigenous also in the virgin forests of Ambriz and Cazengo
nearly everywhere but sporadic, and it is frequently cultivated about
villages ; a decoction of the Mulemba beard?, that is the aerial roots,
is employed by the natives in eruptive fevers and diarrhoea, and it
is also used externally to wash ulcerating sores. The medicinal
virtue of it appears to depend upon an astringent principle in which it
abounds ; the natural colour of these roots, when fresh, is blood-red
with a peculiar lustre almost coppery, and their size often exceeds a ':>
yard and a half ; they hang down vertically from the lower branches
of the trees in the form of purple besoms. See Welwitsch, Synopse
Explic. p. 28, n. 63 (1862). It affords the principal nourishment for a
water-distilling Cicada, and is the favourite haunt of very beautiful
Cetonias. Combretum flammeuin Welw. herb. nn. 4297, 4351, ante,
p. 344, grew in Molemba groves in Golungo Alto in Nov. 1854
and Oct. 1855 ; and lichen n. 438 grew on this fig at Sange in
May 18op ; also the fungus n. 50 at Canguerasange in Nov. 1854 on
the trunks.

Ficus] cxvu. HORACES. 1007

14. F. Volkensii Warb., I.e., p. 167.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A small tree ; trunk bare of branches below ;
primary branches throwing out adventitious roots ; head small, very
densely spherical ; branchlets very numerous, intricately intertwined.
At the outskirts of the forests near Sange, rather rare ; without
receptacles, Nov. 1855. No. 6346.

In the absence of the inflorescence this identification is doubtful ;
the foliage agrees fairly well with the type, which belongs to the
Usambara country ; but the petioles are usually rather shorter in

roportion to the length of the leaf -blades; they, however, vary from
to ^ in. long.

15. F. persicifolia Welw. ex Warb., I.e., p. 162; En»l. PH.
Ost-Afr., C, p. 162, t. 8. fig. G-J (1895).

GOLUXGO ALTO. — A remarkably singular tree, with very bright
flowers, in its early youth parasitical after the fashion of Viscum
album L., growing 011 Adansonias ; afterwards in the adult state
throwing out its own roots close to the trunk of its host and
becoming a tree, embracing with the lower flattened-reticulate part of
its trunk that of its host and quasi-confluent with its surface but
above emancipated from it and forming a cylindrical trunk ; head
dense, with its branches and glossy leaves emulating the crown of its
host ; bark from whitish to grey, like that of the Adansonia ; leaves
lanceolate-spathulate, attenuate at the apex into an obtuse oblique
acumen, coriaceous ; receptacles as large as small peas, two together
in the axils of the leaves, exactly spherical, very crowded, turning red
when ripe, beset with elevated circular glands, borne on somewhat
curved peduncles of -L in. long, seated at the base on a cup-shaped
4- or rarely 5-cleft involucre with obtuse lobes. In the damp denser
forests near Bango at the base of the Quilombo mountains ; also on
the left bank of the Cuango rivulet near Canguerasange, by
Adansonias, not uncommon ; fr. Nov. 1854. No. 6337- An elegant
tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; head spreading widely ; branches patent or
even drooping ; leaves like those of Amygdaln* Persica L., lanceolate-
oblong, glossy, drooping or pendulous ; ripe receptacles as large as
small peas, beset. with distant whitish warts, solitary or two together
in the axils of the leaves, sessile or on peduncles of J^ in. At the
margins of the less dense forests near N-delle and Quibongo and on
the elevated parts of Quilombo Quiacatubia, plentiful ; fr. Aug. 1855.
Native name " Quisacale'mba " or " Quisasalembia." No. 6383. At
Sange ; fr. end of Sept. 1855. No. 6417- A very elegant tree, 20 to
30 ft. high, with the habit of an almond ; trunk somewhat marked
with very obtuse angles ; branches patent ; leaves crowded chiefly at
the ends of the branchlets, coriaceous, in damp places evergreen :
receptacles green. In the primitive forests of the Alto Queta moun-
tains, above N-della, in company with Symphonia globulifera L.f . (ante,
p. 59, Welw. herb. no. 1052) ; nearly ripe fr. May 1856. No. 6412.

The lichen n. 284 grew on the leaves of this tree near Bango and
Canguerasange in Nov. 1854.

16. F. barbata Warb., I.e., p. 168 ; non Wall. List, n. 4576 (1831).
F. andongensis Welw. ex Welw & Curr. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
xxvi. p. 284 (1868), without description, and ex Warb., I.e. F.
Jiumilis Welw. ex Warb., I.e.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A strongly branched tree, 8 to 12 ft. high ;
branches quite patent or curved-ascending ; branchlets somewhat

100g CXVII. HORACES. [FlCUf

erect leafy at the apex, almost all of them fruiting ; leaves coriaceous ;
stipules reddish ; receptacles spherical, green even when ripe, beset
with warts of various sizes, based with very broad bracts, impressedly
umbonate at the apex. In fissures of the more elevated rocks of the
presidium and at their summits, Pedra de Cazella ; fl. and fr. 18

The fungus n. 17, Pestalozzia depazeoides Welw. & Curr., I.e., p. 284,
t 17, fig. 14, grew on the leaves of this tree.

MosaAMBDES.— A small tree, decumbent after the manner of Pmu*
Montana Mill., copiously lactescent; leaves evergreen, cordate-
elliptical obtuse, coriaceous, glossy above. On the declivities of rocks
by the river Bero, about 4 leagues distant from the ocean ; without
fl. or fr. July 1859. No. 6380-

F. ? barbata Wall, is supposed to be identical with F. vdlosa Bl.
(1825).

17. F. Carica L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 1059 (1753) ; Miq. Annal.
Mus. Bot, Lugd.-Bat. iii., p. 289 (1867); Ficalho, I.e., p. 271.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — Cultivated by plant fanciers in various but few
places ; it affords well tasted fruit but always inferior to that grown
in Europe. At Sange in Senhor Rodrigo's garden, where Welwitsch
saw it in fruit ; only in leaf, 14 Dec. 1854. No. 6388.

It has also been introduced into the district of Pungo Andongor
where it loses its leaves in the winter, that is, from June to September ;
but the leaves are not then deciduous in Golungo Alto ; in this respect
its behaviour is similar to Vitis vinifera L.

18. F. pendula Welw. ex Van Tieghem in Bull. Soc. Bot.
France, xli. p. 486 (Sept. 1894), name (pendulus} only ; non Link
(1822).

Shrubby ; branches very long, sarmentose, climbing high and
far, pendulous ; the younger and fruiting branchlets nodding, all
ashy, turning purplish in the dried state, more or less hispid-
pubescent; internodes mostly \ to 3^ in. long, the uppermost
ones shorter; leaves alternate", very rough above, tomentose
beneath, very unequal at the base, more or less denticulate on the
margin, rigidly herbaceous, 3 to 6 in. long by 1 to 4 in. broad,
obliquely ovate or lanceolate-oblong, acuminate at the apex, very
obtuse or semi-truncate at the trinerved base, heteromorphous,
undivided or irregularly 3- to 7-cleft with rounded sinuses ; lateral
veins about 5 to 7 on each side in addition to the basal nerves,
rather slender, hairy ; tertiary veins patent ; reticulation delicate ;
interspaces roughly punctate above ; petioles ~ to \ in. long, hispid-

C' >escent or scabrid ; stipules ^ to \ in. long, hispidulous on the
k, smooth within, from a broad base ovate, caducous ; recep-
tacles axillary, solitary, globose-pyriform, as large as a very big^
cherry, ^ in. long or more, greenish red when ripe, beset outside
with small piliferous glands. Male and female flowers in the
same receptacle ; perianth 5-cleft ; male flowers next the ostiole ;
stamens 1 or 2, mostly solitary ; style short. Bracts at the base
of the receptacle small ; ostiole circular, surrounded with scarious.
densely pilose rigid scales ; peduncle ^ in. long, arched, with small
piliferous glands.

Ficus] cxvu. MORACE.E. 1009

PUNGO AMDONGO. — In primitive forests on the Calemba islands in
the river Cuanza, plentiful ; fl. and fr. 12 March, 1857 ; also about
Lombe and Condo, March 1857, the matrix of Loranthus combretoides
Engl. (Welw. herb. no. 4852 ; ante, p. 927). No. 6359.

F. pendula Link, Enum. ii. p. 450 (1822), has been reduced to
F. benjamina L.

19. F. brevicula Hiern, sp. nov.

An erect shrub, 4 ft. high ; stems densely hispid with short
whitish spreading hairs, simple in the upper half, leafy above ;
leaves alternate, obliquely ovate obovate or oblong, irregularly
toothed except the basal part or shortly lobed in a more or less
ficiform manner, obtuse or somewhat pointed at the apex, obtusely
narrowed or rounded at the unequal sub-triplinerved base, thinly
and rigidly coriaceous, very roughly scabrous and greyish green
above, softly hairy, less or but little rough and yellowish green
beneath, 2 to 4 in. long by f to 2 in. broad, shortly petiolate ;
lateral veins about 4 or 5 on each side in addition to the sub-basal
nerves, slender, shortly hairy beneath ; net-veins pellucid; petioles
densely hispid, i to £ in. long, broad-based ; stipules ovate, obtuse,
broad-based, somewhat hairy on the back, about ~ in. long ; recep-
tacles axillary, solitary, pyri form-globose, pilose, about i in. long
(those which were examined contained female flowers only) ; basal
bracts small, caducous ; peduncle about \ in. long, pilose ; perianth
of the female flowers 5- or 6-partite ; style long.

HUILLA. — la thickets at the outskirts of forests, near Catumba ;
fl. and young fr. end of March 1860. No. 6371.

20. F. pygmaea Welw. ms. in herb., sp. n.

A dwarf shrublet, 1 to 2 ft. high, rarely taller ; rhizome creep-
ing ; stems ascending or suberect, pilose or somewhat hispid,
branched below, leafy ; leaves alternate, obliquely ovate or some-
what oblong, irregularly toothed except the basal part or shortly
lobed about the middle, obtusely pointed at the apex, nearly
rounded at the unequal and sub-triplinerved base, coriaceous,
rigid, rough on both faces, pale yellowish green and somewhat
glossy above, hispid and bright yellowish green beneath, 1 to 2 in.
long by f to 1 in. broad, shortly petiolate ; lateral veins about
5 or 6 on each side in addition to the sub-basal nerves, rather
slender, in relief and hispid beneath ; petioles densely hispidulous,
jV to -|- in. long, broad-based ; stipules ovate, obtuse, broad-based,
hairy on the back, about -^ in. long ; receptacles axillary, solitary,
shortly pedunculate, ellipsoidal or somewhat obovoid, scabrid,
when quite ripe as large as a small pigeon's egg or small cherry,
about |- in. long by f in. broad, each containing male and female
flowers ; basal bracts small, deciduous ; ostiole broad, about £ in.
in diameter, surrounded with short bracteoles ; male perianth
mostly 5-cleft ; stamen usually solitary ; female perianth mostly
3-cleft ; style rather long, minutely bifid at the apex.

HUILLA. — In bushy pastures near Lopollo and throughout nearly
the whole plateau of Huilla, plentiful ; fl. and nearly ripe fr. Feb. and
April 1860. No. 6370.

65

1010 cxvn. HORACES. \Ficus

21. F. urceolaris Welw. ms. in herb., sp. n.

A copiously lactescent shrub, 4 to 6 ft. high or rather more,
branched from the base, or a tmall tree, with the aspect of
Trymatococcu* ; branches virgate/ patent, subterete or roundly
angular, not pubescent, usually more or less scabrid, drab ; inter-
nodes mostly i to 2 in. long; leaves alternate, elliptical or
somewhat oblong, narrowly cuspidate-acuminate at the apex,
very unequally contracted at the trinerved base, chartaceous-
coriaceous, glabrous, subglaucous green and nearly smooth or
slightly rough above, pale green and very rough beneath, some-
what toothed or repand on the narrowly revolute margin,
4 to 10.T in. long by li to 4 in. broad (or in the variety smaller);
the old ones and even the adult ones often nearly all pendulous ;
lateral veins about 6 to 8 on each side in addition to the basal
nerves, patent-arching, anastomosing, rather slender, scabrid and
in clear relief beneath, narrowly impressed above ; tertiary veins
patent ; net- veins slender ; interspaces minutely papillose-punctate
and scabrid beneath ; petioles |- to ^ in. long, scabrid, often l>ent
or flexuous, broad-based, channelled above ; stipules from a broad
base ovate, acute, scabrous on the back, i to^ in. long, deciduous;
receptacles axillary, 2 or 3 together or solitary, shortly pedunculate,
urceolate-pisiform, widely gaping at the apex, scabrid, £ to 3 in.
in diameter ; basal bracts small or obsolete ; osteole comparatively
large, ^ to ^ in. in diameter, prominent. In the receptacles which
were examined only female flowers and neuter flowers or fruits
were found ; perianth 4- or 5-partite ; ovary smooth ; style short
or of moderate length, elongating in fruit, slender, lateral ; achenes
about ^ in. long, pale, shining ; stigma black or dusky.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— In mountainous places at the banks of the
rivulet Quiapoze near Golungo Alto, sparingly ; female fl. 23 Sept.
1854. No. 6390. la primitive forests by streams and in rather dry
shady places; in the virgin forest of Quisuculo fr. 8 Sept. 1855.
No. 6336. In primitive forests in Sobato de Bumba near Quibixe at
the river Cate ; female fl. Sept. 1855. No. 6394. By streams in the
shady parts of Mata de Quisuculo ; with ripe receptacles. 28 April, 1856.

Var. bumbana.

Leaves 1 to 4£ in. long by £ to 1 J in. long.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A shrub, 5 ft. high, very patently branched ; ripe
receptacles orange-red, pisiform. In the dense forests of Sobato de
Bumba ; fr. July 1856. No. 6403.

On No. 6336 probably grew the lichens, n. 288, Lecidea exigudla
Wain., and also Strigula atrocarpa, S. hyjwthelia, S. africaiia. and
Asterothyrwn Welwitschii.

22. F. exasperata Vahl, Enum. PI. ii. pp. 197, 402, 409 (1806) ;
Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 231, t. 14, fig. C (1848),
and Afrik. Vijge-Boom. p. 21 (1849); non Roxb. /'. scabra Willd.
in Mem. Berol. 1798, p. 102, t. 2 (1801); non Forst. f. (1786),
nee Jacq. (1798).

A tree, 20 to 40 ft. high, patently branched, loosely frondose ;

Ficus] cxvii. HORACES. 1011

sap watery, viscid ; bark grey ; branchlets scabrid ; leaves alter-
nate, ovate or somewhat oval, shortly acuminate at the apex,
rounded or emarginate at the base, firmly membranous, very
scabrous on both faces, not pubescent, denticulate or repand along
the general outline except near the base, somewhat glossy above
with a peculiar lustre, paler beneath, deeply or acutely palmate-
lobed in the case of young plants up to the third to fifth year of
age, 2 to 6 in. long by 1 to 4 in. broad, trinerved at the base ;
principal veins about 3 or 4 on each side in addition to the basal
nerves, strongly marked beneath, feeble above, their branches more
or less transverse and passing by degrees into a delicate but not
conspicuous reticulation ; petioles i to If in. long, scabrous ;
stipules scabrid on the back, broadest at the base, lanceolate,
smooth inside, acute, pallid, £ to ^ in. long, deciduous ; receptacles
spherical, a little smaller than a hazel nut, about ~ in. in diameter
or less, scabrid, in pairs, pedunculate, on the branchlets or young
lateral shoots, from yellow to red when ripe, 4-bracteate with two
of the bracts attached to the base and the other two opposite to
them and attached near the middle of the receptacle ; osteole
closed with 3 to 5 small ovate obtuse bracts ; peduncles from |- to
less than ^ in. long, scabrid, often bracteate with short obtuse
bracts. All the receptacles examined had female flowers only,
with long slender styles and stigmas.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In the more elevated forests and at the sides of
hills about Bango, Canguerasange, Cambondo, and Trombeta, plentiful ;
fl. 3, 7, and 25 Nov. 1854. No. 6387. A tree, at the Governor's house
at Sange, supposed to be ornamental ; fl. beginning of Oct. 1855.
No. 6411.

The extremely rough leaves are used for polishing purposes and
called " Lixa " ; the tree is called " Lima " (a file). The fungus n. 76,
Phyllachora repens Sacc., grew on the leaves.

The branches, even when a foot thick, readily take root, when
driven into the ground ; the trees afford excellent shade, and on this
account they are frequently used for avenues, etc., in public places.
The wood is good and white ; the natives of Golungo Alto call it
"Mucacasa."

This is probably the species of Ficus referred to in Bowdich's
Mission to Ashantee (1819), p. 445, and locally named "Egoogoo" ;
the leaves were used in planing wood, polishing and cleaning various
articles of household furniture, and feel like emery paper.

It is difficult to separate this species from F. asperifolia Miq., I.e.,
1. 15, fig. B, especially as in No. 6387 the leaves are polymorphous ; the
perianth lobes are ciliolate, and in this respect agree with the figure
quoted above for F. exasperata. With the original description Vahl's
trivial name is misprinted axasperata, but this is corrected, I.e., p. 402,
and in the index at the end of the volume it appears as corrected.

23. F. brachylepis Welw. ms. in herb., sp. n.

A tall or moderate-sized tree, glabrous throughout, very
copiously milky, with widely spreading head ; branches patent *
branchlets spreading, smooth, green, dusky in the dried state,
often quasi-verticillate by the approximation of the nodes and in
this way fasciculate, leafy towards the apex ; leaves alternate and

1012

CXVII. HORACES. [FidlS

often fasciculate or quasi-verticillate, entire, ovate-oblong oval
or broadly lanceolate, shortly and obtusely acuminate or acute
or rounded at the apex, feebly 5- or 7-nerved at or near the
emarginate or rounded or subtruncate base, smooth, coriaceous,
more coriaceous and thick than in F. psilopoga Welw. herb. no.
6351 and much less so than in F. elaslica Roxb., deep green and
varnished-glossy above, paler and also somewhat shining beneath,
3V to 7 in. long by 1^ to 3 in. broad ; midrib thick, strongly
prominent, always deep rosy or red beneath ; principal lateral veins
about 8 to 10 on each side in addition to the basal nerves, slender,
anastomosing within the margin ; reticulation small, delicate, with
minute dots in the interspaces; petioles green, 1 to 3 in. long,
minutely dotted, broad-based ; bud-scales or stipules small, scarcely

1 in. long, pale purplish, from a very broad base subulately
acuminate, but little viscid, caducous ; receptacles on the 2 to 5
year old branches and also on the trunk, 2 or 3 or even 6 to 8
together, but mostly quaternately umbellate, pyriform, as large
as a walnut, 1 to H in. long, £ to 1] in. thick, from green to
yellowish, smooth, "densely beset with small whitish scarcely
elevated spots ; only female and gall flowers seen in the receptacles
examined ; style long, slender ; peduncles flattened, dilated, 1 in.
long ; bracts at the base of the receptacle deciduous ; those of the
ostiole small, deciduous.

GOLTJNGO ALTO. — In the primitive forests of Quisuculo in Sobato
Bango, and in Sobato Quilombo ; fr. Sept. and Nov. 1854 ; also at
Sange, fr. end of Sept. 1855. No. 6338 and COLL. CARP. 900. Without
receptacles. No. 6419/>.

24. F. Sycomorus L. Sp. PI. edit. 1, p. 1059 (1753) ; Oliv. &
Grant in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxix. p. 149. t. 99 (1875); Ficalho,
PI. Uteis, p. 271 (1884).

Si/comoms antiquorum Gasparr. Kicerch. Caprif. e Fie. p. 86
(1845) ; Miq. Afrik. Vijge-Boom. p. 9 (1849).

Var. prodigiosa (Welw. ms. in herb.).

A very ornamental tree, 20 to 35 ft. high, glabrous except the
buds ; trunk straight or oblique, 1 to 2i ft. in diameter, branched
a little above the base ; branches patent, crowded, intricate ;
head evergreen, broadly spreading, rather lax ; leaves broadly
oval or somewhat ovate-oval, obtuse or rounded at the apex,
nearly rounded or cordate and trinerved at the base, coriaceous,
smooth, pale or deep green above, pale green and glaucesoent or
somewhat coloured beneath, rather glossy on both faces, 2 to 5 in.
long by 14- to 3 \ in. broad, entire or subrepand ; lateral veins

2 or 3 on each side in addition to the basal nerves, inconspicuous
above, whitish and in clear relief beneath, anastomosing near the
margin, delicately and transversely venulose ; net-veins incon-
spicuous ; petioles thick, cylindrical, somewhat fleshy, transversely
wrinkled, ^ to 2 in. long, turning reddish ; stipules ovate-
triangular, about J in. long, pubescent on the back, caducous ;
receptacles pyriform, racemose- paniculate on their own leafless.

Ficus] cxvu. HORACES. 1013

branchlets hanging down from a little above the base of the
trunk up to the division of the top principal branches, obovoid-
globose, 1§ in. long by 1^ in. thick, with 2 or 3 smooth more or less
patent bracts a little below their base, flattened at the apex, with
the ostiole closed with small bracts, yellow-red when ripe, juicy,
eaten by the negroes and colonial travellers ; taste not unpleasant
but a little watery ; the skin resinous and very bitter ; about ^ in.
long ; some panicles bearing 60 to 80 or more receptacles, and the
trunk not rarely decked up to the height of a man with 5 to 8 or
12 pendulous panicles, all laden with bright rosy receptacles and
thus presenting an aspect of the highest fruitfulness.

HUILLA. — In the Monino forests ; without fl. or f r. Feb. 1860. No.
6368. In forests about Lopollo, plentiful ; ripe fr. 16 May 1860.
No. 6369.

Nearly all the ovaries were pierced by a very long-tailed Hymenop-
tera, perhaps a species of Cynips.

Var. alnea.

A densely frondose tree, resembling an alder in habit, 20 to
30 ft. high, or in secondary woods 15 ft., branched a! little above
the base ; head ovoid ; branches long, patent, rambling ; branchlets
glabrescent, purplish in the dried state, smooth, puberulous
towards the apex ; leaves alternate, entire or repand, ovate or
oval, obtusely pointed or rounded at the apex, more or less cordate
at the 3- or 5-nerved base, glabrous or nearly so, deep green,
glossy above, more or less glaucous, sometimes turning reddish
beneath, persistent, those on the younger plants large, 9 to 10 in.
long by 5 to 6 in. broad and but little coriaceous, those on the
adult or fruiting trees smaller 2 to 7 in. long by 1^ to 4 in. broad
and more compact ; lateral veins 3 or 4 on each side in addition
to the basal nerves, slender, feebly anastomosing ; tertiary veins
patent, weak ; reticulation delicate, inconspicuous ; interspaces
minutely dotted or on the smaller leaves marked with less minute
raised points ; petioles purplish, glabrous, f to 3^ in. long ;
stipules ovate, acute, more or less pubescent or silky on the back,
glabrous within, f to i in. long, caducous ; receptacle pyriform-
globose, f to 1 in. long, not quite as thick, lateral, solitary, con-
taining male, female, and gall flowers ; male flowers with bipartite
perianth and 2 stamens ; female flowers with rather long style
proceeding from a side of the top of the ovary ; basal bracts 3,
puberulous ; ostiole ^ in. in diameter, not very prominent ;
peduncle prominent, ^ in. long.

MOSSAMEDES. — In thickets grown up after destruction of the forests,
near the mouth of the river Griraul and Libata de Giraul, occasional,
without fl. or fr. (19 July?), 1859. No. 6377-

BUMBO. — In forests at the base of Serra da Xella, in company with
Ranunculus pinnatus Poir. (Welw. herb. no. 1209 ; ante, p. 4), and
'• Pao d'Oleo," that is, Adina microcephala Hiern (Welw. herb. no. 3029 ;
ante, p. 434), sporadic ; fr. 20 Oct. 1859. No. 6376.

HUILLA. — From Monino towards Erne and at the river Mupanda,
sporadic ; fl. and fr. April 1860. No. 6367-

Perhaps a distinct species.

1014

cxvn. HORACES. [Ficus

Var. polybotrya.

A tree, 20 ft. high, lactescent ; the trunk and older branches
laden with very copious fruiting branchlets ; leafy branchlets
dusky and glabrescent except the hairy pallid tips, frondose
towards the apex; leaves caducous at the time of the young
flower-receptacles, but developed afresh as the fruit -receptacles
ripen, alternate, ovate or oval, obtuse or shortly and obtusely
acuminate at the apex, somewhat unequal and emarginate or
obtuse at the trinerved base, firmly coriaceous, obtusely toothed
or repand on the margin, dark green and glabrous above, brown
and tomeiitellous beneath, 2£ to 44 in. by 1^ to 3 in. broad ;
lateral veins erect-patent, 3 to 5 on each side in addition to the
basal nerves, all as well as the midrib in relief and hairy beneath ;
tertiary veins patent ; net-veins minute, impressed ; petioles i to
11 in. long, broad-based, puberulous ; stipules from a broad base
ovate, hairy on the back, £ to } in. long, caducous ; flowering
branchlets 5 to 6 in. long or more, paniculately divided ; recep-
tacles subsessile or on short pedicels, tomentellous with pallid
short hairs, on our specimens small and young.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— In damp places near Menha Lula in Sobato
Mussengue ; young fl. May 1855. No. 6343.

The foliage somewhat resembles that of Ficus clethrophylla.

25. F. trachyphylla Fenzl in Flora 1844, p. 311 ; Warb., I.e.,
p. 153.

Sycvm&rus trachyphytta Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii.
p. 110 (1848), and Afrik. Vijge-Boom p. 11. t. 1, fig. C (1849).

ZENZA DO GOLUNGO. — A small tree, 12 to 15 ft. high, probably a
young one ; bark from whitish to reddish ; branchlets brick-red. In
palm groves by the river Bengo from the Convent of St. Anthony to
Funda, sporadic ; without fl. or fr. end of Dec. 1853. Determination
doubtful. No. 6353.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A tree 20 ft. high ; branches patent, curved or
even flexuous. In wooded thickets on the left-hand side of the road
leading to Ambaca, -near the virgin forest of Quibango ; unripe
fr. April 1856. Native name "Mucuso." Determination doubtful.
No. 6415.

MOSSAMEDES.— A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high ; head ovoid, elongated,
densely frondose ; leaves persistent, rough ; receptacles pyriform, as
large as a walnut, tomentose, scarcely well tasted. In secondary
thickets and in places formerly wooded at the mouth of the river
Giraul, occasional ; fl. and fr. July 1859. Determination doubtful.
No. 6378. A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; head ovoid-dilated. Here and
there at the banks of the river Bero, at Cavalheiros, without recep-
tacles, July 1859. Perhaps a variety of this species. No. 6382.

HUILLA.— A tree 20 to 30 ft. high ; head broadly ovoid ; branches
and branchlets patent, more or less tortuous ; receptacles on the fresh
branchlets, rarely on the older branches, pear-shaped, $ in. long, hoary,
silky-tomentose, axillary, solitary, bracteate at the base ; peduncle $ in.
long, robust, somewhat rufous, puberulous. In forests about Lopollo,
5000 to 5504 ft. alt., sporadic ; fl. and unripe fr. Feb. 1860. No. 6374.
^ In Golungo Alto Loranthus Belvixii DC. (Welw. herb. nn. 5279,
5280 ; ante, p. 934), grew as a parasite on a species of fig, perhaps

Ficus] cxvu. HORACES. 1015

this tree ; at Sange in March 1856, the lichens nn. 163 (Buellia disci-
formis var. minor f . rugulosa), 430 grew on the branchlets ; in Huilla at
Monino in May 1860 the fungus n. 141, Phyllachora repens Sacc., grew
on the leaves (cf. A. L. Sm. in Journ. Bot. xxxvi. p. 176, May 1898).
I have not seen the type of this species.

26. F. Mucuso Welw. ex Ficalho, I.e., p. 270.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A small tree of 10 to 12 ft. or a large tree of
39 to 40 ft. high and more ; trunk obliquely ascending ; head widely
spreading ; branches glabrate, not scabrid, curved-ascending or on
the large trees patent and usually nodding-ascending ; bark ruddy ;
branchlets rather thick, leafy towards the apex, longitudinally
wrinkled and transversely scarred and at first bearded after the fall
of the stipules ; leaves alternate, entire or subrepand, broadly oval
or subrotund, often shortly apiculate at the apex, deeply cordate
or sub-reniform at the base, rigidly coriaceous, dark green very
scabrous and with scattered pallid hairs above, somewhat tawny greea
rather softly pilose and not scabrid beneath, 1£ to 5 in. long by 1 to
3| in. broad, 3- to 9-nerved at the insertion of the petiole, the three
central nerves stronger than the rest ; lateral veins 3 or 4 on
each side in addition to the basal nerves ; petioles J to If in. long,
robust, rigid, bearded with long hairs which arise from thickened
chaffy bases ; stipules broad at* the base, ovate, pointed, bearded on
the back, glabrous inside, ^ to £ in. long, deciduous ; receptacles
pyriform or somewhat club-shaped, comparatively large, when not
quite ripe about an inch thick or rather more, softly pulpy when
ripe, peach-reddish outside, tomentose or obsoletely so ; one with
female flowers examined showed the perianth 5-cleft with unequal
lobes terminating in filiform tips.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — On wooded slopes at the banks of the river
Cuango ; fr. not then quite ripe, May 1856. No. 6416.

Very nearly related to F. trachyphylla Fenzl ; it occurs also in the
Kamerun country, Zenker no. 1623.

The native name is " Mucuso."

The following No., which bears the same native name, perhaps
belongs to the same species.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A robust tree, 60 to 80 ft. and more ; head
dilated ; leaves subrotund, cordate-reniform at the base, 3^ to 6 in.
long by 3£ to 5£ in. broad, rigidly but not thickly coriaceous, scabrid
above, very shortly and closely hairy beneath ; petioles 1J to 2 in.
long ; receptacles pyriform-globose, juicy, of a beautiful reddish
colour and somewhat roughly tomentellous outside, lateral, nodding,
1£ in. long by 1 J in. thick, 'on a peduncle § in. long. At the out-
skirts of forests throughout the district, plentiful ; fr. Jan. 1855.
No. "

27. F. senegalensis Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bot. iii.
pp. 230, 295 (1867).

Ficus sp., Brunner in Flora 1840, beibl. i. p. 72. n. 112.

AMBRIZ.— Several majestic trees, 30 to 40 ft. high, in the middle
of the large village of Mosul ; without fl. or fr. Nov. 1853. No. 6384.

This identification is doubtful as both the type of the species (a
specimen of which is in the National Herbarium) and our specimens
are without receptacles ; our leaves measure 5J to 7 in. long by 2f
to nearly 4 in. broad, and are more deeply cordate at the base ; the

1016 cxvu. HORACES. [Ficus

petioles measure 1 V to 2 in. long. Miquel, I.e., places his species in
the section Sycomorus.

The following two Nos. are possibly allied to F. senegalensis,
but their foliage is larger : —

A tree, 12 to 25 ft. high or perhaps taller, sometimes parasitical,
exuding a very viscid milk; trunk straight, erect, bare below,
hirsute when young ; head hairy ; branches elongated, ascending,
hirsute, leafy ; leaves alternate, obovate or broadly oval, often
resembling in shape those of Nymphcea ' lutea L., very shortly
and obtusely apiculate at the apex, more or less cordate at the
5- or 7-nerved base, membranous or somewhat thick dry and rigid,
hirsute on both faces especially on the midrib and veins with
rather short rigid white hairs, deep green blight and somewhat
glaucescent above, paler beneath, large or even gigantic, 5^ to
14 in. long by 4i to 8^ in. broad or perhaps larger, nearly entire
or repand or near the base sinuous-dentate ; midrib broad,
tapering ; lateral veins slenderer, 7 to 9 on each side in addition
to the basal nerves ; tertiary veins patent, slender ; reticulation
minute, delicate ; interspaces pallid, microscopically scaly-
pulverulent ; petioles hirsute, stout, 1 to 5 in. long ; stipules
ovate-lanceolate, strongly acuminate, nearly glabrous, bloodred-
purple, £ to \\ in. long, deciduous ; receptacles not seen.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — In the dense primitive forests of the Queta
mountains in deep valleys close to rivulets, rather rare, parasitical on
Pseudospondias microcarjxi Engl. (cf. ante, p. 176) ; without fl. or fr.
Jan. 1856. No. 6409- In the damp forests of deep valleys among
the Alto Queta mountains and in Sobato de Quilombo, sporadic ; at
the great cataract of the river Cuango. on the left bank ; without fl.
or fr. beginning of August 1855. No. 6347.

28. F. capensis Thunb. Dissert. Fie. p. 13. n. 23 (1786).

Sycomorus capensis Miq. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 113.
t. 3. fig. B (1848), and Afrik. Vijge-Boom. p. 14 (1849).

Var. guineensis Miq. Annal. Bot. Ludg.-Bat. iii. p. 295 (1867).

F. Lichtensteinii Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. ii. p. 451 (1822).
F. Brassii R. Br. ex Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. v. p. 448 (1844) ;
non Kunth & Bouche (1846). Sycomomui Guinee-iisis Miq. in
Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vii. p. 112. t. 14. fig. B (1848), and in
Hook. Niger Fl. p. 523 (1849).

A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high ; trunk bare of branches below,
6 to 12 in. in diameter, divaricately branched above ; branches
patent ; branchlets nodding-ascending, glabrate, leafy ; terminal
buds adpressedly hairy with pallid hairs; leaves alternate,
coarsely dentate or repand, ovate or somewhat oval, mostly
acuminate at the apex, unequal trinerved and rounded or cordate
at the base, papery-coriaceous, deep green subglaucescent and
nearly glabrous above, browner and sometimas shortly pubescent
along the midrib and veins and minutely punctate with elevated
points beneath, 2 to 9] in. long by 1 to 4f in. broad ; lateral
veins about 4 to 6 on each side in addition to the basal nerves,
rather slender, in relief beneath, feebly anastomosing; tertiary

Ficus] cxvii. HORACES. 1017

veins patent, very slender ; petioles i to 2 in. long, glabrous or
.shortly pubescent ; stipules from a broad base ovate, acuminate,
adpressedly hairy on the back, f- in. long, deciduous ; receptacles
pyriform or somewhat globose or contracted into a neck at
the base, a little larger than the fruit of the common Service
tree, § to 1 in. long, glossy, red but marked all over with bright
green spots, glabrescent or somewhat pulverulent, each containing
male female and gall flowers, bracteate at the base, on their
own branchlets ; basal bracts small, connate below, forming a
trifid base to the receptacle ; ostiole rather prominent, with small
•obtuse bracts on the margin and at length exposing the almost
protruding chaffy bracteoles from the upper part of the receptacle ;
fruiting branchlets pendulous, proceeding from the trunk below
the leafy branches, racemose-paniculate ; male flowers com-
paratively few, each with 2 stamens ; female flowers with the
style somewhat lateral near the apex of the ovary.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— Close to the banks of the Delamboa rivulet ; fl.
and fr. middle of April 1856, in company with Rapliia textilis Welw.
(herb. no. 6671) and Elaiis guineensis Jacq. (Welw. herb. no. 6664).
No. 6410. No notes. In fl. and fr. No. 6422.

This variety ought, perhaps, to be kept as a distinct species ; it is
probably the species of Ficus, mentioned by Tedlie in Bowdich, Mission
to Ashantee, p. 371 (1819), as one of the medicinal plants of that
country, it being there called '• Adumba."

The following No. possibly belongs here : —

ISLAND or ST. THOMAS. — A tree ; trunk straight but little branched ;
head widely spreading but sparingly dense ; nerves of the leaves and
stipules almost like those in the genus Macaranga (EuphorbiaceaB).
At the outskirts of the more elevated forests near Monte Caffe ;
without fl. Dec. 1860. Negro name "Bebe." No. 467.

29. F. clethrophylla Hiern, sp. n.

A tree, from 10 to 30 ft. high or more; sap rather watery-
viscid than milky ; trunk whitish, strictly erect ; branches smooth,
spreading, glabrous ; branchlets numerous, glabrescent except the
extremities, spreading ; habit like an alder ; leaves alternate,
evergreen, ovate oval or ovate-oblong, obtuse nearly rounded or
sub-acuminate at the apex, nearly rounded emarginate or cordate
at the base, repand-dentate or irregularly toothed except near the
base, sub-chartaceous, deep green and with short hairs scattered
or chiefly along the midrib and lateral veins or glabrate above,
paler and usually with denser hairs beneath, resembling those of
an alder, 2-| to 10 in. long by 1^ to 5 in. broad, trinerved at the
base ; principal lateral veins 5 to 7 on each side of the midrib
in addition to the basal nerves, with some shorter intervening
ones, anastomosing, all rather slender in relief beneath and
narrowly impressed above ; reticulation minute, delicate, with
small scales or minute dots in the interspaces ; petioles ranging
up to 3f in. long, shortly pubescent or puberulous ; stipules from
A broad base ovate, acuminate, hairy on the back, glabrous
within, deciduous, f to f in. long ; receptacles sometimes racemose-

J018 CXVII. HORACES. [FlCUS

paniculate on their own branchlets with the panicles pendulous
from the lower part of the trunk very numerous closely and
intricately intermixed, sometimes on the same tree solitary in the
axils of the leaves on the ultimate branchlets, containing male
female and gall flowers in the same receptacles, spherical or
somewhat pyriform, as large as a moderate-sized cherry or £ to
1 in. long, shortly pedunculate, usually 2 together, rarely several
springing from the same point, pendulous, when ripe turning
red, soft, delicately punctulate, pubescent or subglabrate, viscid,
juicy, insipid, very grateful to wild birds ; pulp somewhat sweet ;.
fruiting branchlets much branched, a foot long and more, at first
erect-spreading, afterwards as the fruit ripens pendulous and
usually completely clothing the trunk about 9 ft. from the
ground; peduncles ^ to \ in. long, pubescent ; bracts at the
base of the receptacles small, pubescent; ostiole somewhat
prominent, with short ovate apiculate glabrous bracteoles ; male
flowers confined to the neighbourhood of the ostiole; perianth-
lobes oblong ; stamens (in one flower) 4, or solitary ; anthers
oblong; female flowers with trifid perianths, the lobes acute;
style rather long, arising from one side near the top of the ovary ;
gall flowers on flattened-winged lanceolate pedicels.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — By streams in Sobato de Bumba, Bango, etc. ;
fl. and fr. Dec. 1854 ; at the Quiapoze stream in Sobata Bumba ; fl.
and fr. May 1855. No. 6335. In marshy spongy places at the banks
of streams, plentiful ; at the Qniapoze rivulet, without fl. or fr.
Nov. 1854. No. 6341. By streams near Quibige in Sobato de Bumba,
sporadic ; fl. and fr. May 1855. No. 6342- At Carengue among the
Queta mountains ; without fl. or fr. July 1856. Apparently thi&
species. No. 6414.

It was apparently on the living leaves of No. 6335 that the Fungus
n. 2, Phyllaclwra irreguUiritt A. L. Sm. in Journ. Bot. 1898, p. 179,
grew among the Alto Queta mountains in March 1856. " N-guiriri "
is the native name of a tree referred in Welwitsch's mss. to this species.

The two following Nos. should be compared with this species : —
GOLUNGO ALTO.— A small, broadly frondose tree, with the habit of

an Alnus ; trunk and branches lactescent. At the margins of the

rivulet Cuango near Canguerasange ; without receptacles 25 Sept. 1864,

No. 63356.
GOLUNGO ALTO.— Fresh leafy shoots from the trunk of a tree

burnt down. Near Cimeterio, Sange ; without receptacles, middle

of Sept. 1855. No. 6408.

30. F. sidifolia Welw. ms. in herb., sp. n.

A huge tree, 30 to 70 ft. high ; trunk H to 2£ ft. in diameter,
divided a little above the base into tortuous twisted branches,
clothed with a reddish ferruginous bark ; branchlets smooth,
purplish, glabrescent, leafy, hirsute at the apex ; leaves alternate,
broadly oval or ovate-rotund, unequal- sided, shortly acuminate-
apiculate at the apex, deeply cordate at the 5-nerved base, rigidly
chartaceous, repand-denticulate, dark green hispid and scabrid
above, paler hispid and minutely punctate beneath, 3 to 10 in.
long by 2* to 8 in. broad, deciduous; lateral veins 4 or 5 on each

FlCUS\ CXVII. HORACES. 1019

side in addition to the basal nerves, spreading-ascending, rather
slender ; petioles more or less hispid, stiff, If to 7 in. long ;
stipules broadly ovate, cuspidate, hispid at the base and along
the midrib, otherwise glabrate, § to ^ in. long, caducous ;
receptacles (according to Welwitsch's ins.) as large as a moderate-
sized fig (cf. F. Carica L.), somewhat smooth when ripe,
peach-coloured reddish, agreeably aromatic, soft, almost edible,
scarcely sweet, paniculately clustered on their own branchlets
which proceed from the trunk and thicker branches ; numerous
gall-flowers, several female (perhaps abortive) flowers, and near
the apex a few male flowers present in the same receptacle ;
perianth of the male flowers tripartite, the segments broad
imbricate and enveloping the two stamens ; filaments short ;
anthers y1^ in. long ; perianth of the female flowers with three
linear-subulate segments ; style lateral, from the top of the ovary,
rather long.

GOLUXGO ALTO. — At the outskirts of primitive forests near Sange,
by the Bango road ; Jan. 1856. No. 6407. No notes. Without
receptacles. No. 6421. A small tree of 6 to 8 ft., perhaps not fully
grown ; sap watery- viscid ; habit of foliage like a Sida or Abutilon ;
petioles ranging up to 3f in. long. At the bushy margins of forests in
Sobato de Bango and Sobato de Quilombo, rather sparingly ; without
receptacles, Dec. 1854. No. 6345. Leaves very scabrous above ;
petioles f to 3 in. long. By a rivulet in the valley on the northern
tract of the Cimeterio near Canguerasange ; without receptacles, Oct.
1854. Perhaps a different species. No. 6348. Receptacle ovoid- or
clavate-pyriform, cinnabar-red, juicy, papillose-puberulous outside,
1^ in. long by | in. thick, shortly bracteate at the base ; ostiole
prominent. At Sange ; fr. Feb. 1856. COLL. CAKP. 898.

The following No. possibly belongs here : —

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. — A handsome tree ; trunk about 6 ft. in
diameter, 25 to 40 ft. high, used for making the negro canoes or small
boats ; wood smooth, whitish ; branches tortuously spreading ; head
broadly ovoid or hemispherical. In the more elevated forests of the
island ; without receptacles, Dec. 1860. Called by the inhabitants
" Figo porro." No. 6406.

5. BOSftUEIA Dup.-Th. ex Baill. Adansonia iii. p. 338, t. .10
(1863) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 370 (Bosquiea).

Centrogyne Welw. ex Benth. <fe Hook, f., I.e.

1. B. angolensis Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 271 (1884).

Centrogyne angolensis Welw., I.e. B. Welwitschii Engl. Mon.
Morac. African, p. 36 (1898).

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A tree, usually 25 to 50 ft. high (a specimen seen
near the cataracts of the river Cuango was certainly more than 60 ft.
high, with the trunk quite bare of branches up to nearly half its
height), sometimes lower ; head loosely pyramidal ; trunk when old
bare below, divaricately branched and frondose above ; branches and
branchlets spreading or very patent ; branchlets ashy or dusky purple,
smooth ; young parts herbaceous- green or the buds dusky purple ; old
parts exuding a resinous bitter somewhat caustic and aromatic milk
which at first is whitish but quickly coagulates into a rubicund some-

1020 cxvu. HORACES. [Bosqueia

what soft resin ; leaves evergreen, rigidly coriaceous, deep green and
glossy above, from yellow to pale green beneath ; midrib yellow ;
spaces between the lateral veins pellucidly venulose ; flower-heads
solitary, shortly stalked, axillary, enclosed in the bud within the
bract-like receptacle ; stalk semi-cylindrical ; receptacle membranous-
paleaceous, variously cleft on the margin ; flowers monoecious,
apetalous ; male flowers 5 to 7, arranged around the female flower,
their perianths membranous-paleaceous ; filaments straight in {estiva-
tion, more or less sub-cohering at the base, white, cylindrical-filiform ;
anthers oblong, dorsifixed, flesh-coloured-violet or oftener bright deep
blue, bilocular ; the cells longitudinally dehiscing, a little diverging
below, surmounted at the apex by the subulate apiculus of the con-
nective ; female flower placed in the centre of the receptacle or a little
excentric, its perianth short tubular and acutely 5-cleft at the apex ;
ovary immersed in the receptacle, unilocular ; ovule solitary, pendulous
from the apex of the cell ; style firm, cylindrical, deeply bifurcate at
the apex, its branches flattened linear-lanceolate variously twisted
rosy-velvety and stigmatose on the inner face ; fruit drupaceous, golden
yellow, a little larger than or double the size of the hips of Rosa
canina L., eaten by the negroes but not much praised ; drupe formed
from the baccate receptacle ; seed pendulous ; albumen wanting ;
cotyledons comparatively large. The fruit is described in Welwitsch's
notes also as like a plum and yellowish red or light yellow-rosy. In
primitive forests at the base of Serra de Alto Queta, sporadic,
flowering nearly throughout the year, fruiting principally in June ;
fl. and fr. May to July 1856. No. 456. A small tree : branches and
branchlets very patent, almost pendulous, bright purple. In wooded
places at the banks of the river Cuango near Sange , without fl. or f r.
Feb. 1855. Foliage rather larger and thinner than in the last no.
No. 457. In dense primitive forests at the great cataract near Sange •
fl.-bud Aug. 1855. No. 458-

The native name of No. 456 is " Munguenga ia muxito " or
" Munguengo ia muchito," which means the Munguenga of the woods;
this name according to Ficalho, I.e., is equally applied to Spondias,
which has a fruit similar in taste : S. Mombin L. is called " Muguenga "
or "Muguengue." See ante, pp. 175, 176. The aspect of this Roaqueia
is much like that of Mesogyne insigni* Engl. Hot. Jahrb. xx. p. 148. t. 5,
fig. M-V (1894) as judged from the plate quoted. The Orchid
Angrmcum Guyonlanum Eeichenb. f.,p»Kt, ii. p. 9, grew on "Munguenga
ia muxito " ; also the Fungus (?) n. 34, and Fungus n. 79, and probably
lichen n. 362.

6. IPO Rumph. ex Pers. Syn. PI. ii. p. 566 (1807).

Antiaris Leschen. in Ann. Mus. Par. xvi. p. 478 (1810)- Benth
& Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 371.

1. I. toxicaria Pers., I.e.

Antiaris toxicaria Leschen., I.e., p. 478, t, 22 ; Hook. Camp.
Bot. Mag. i. p. 310. t, 17 (1836); Engl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. iii. 1,
pp. 85, 86, fig. 64 (1888). A. innoxia Blume, Rumphia i. p. 172,
t. 54 (1835). A. dubia Spanoghe in Hook., I.e.
/oi ™ toxicaria nmcassariensis, Thunb. & ^Ejmel. Dissert.
(^1 May, 1788), incorrectly referred to by Pers., I.e., at the end
of the volume.

GOLUNGO ALTO.-A handsome tree, with the aspect of a huge
Ainu*, 33 to 60 ft. high, sometimes taller and reaching 3 to 3| ft. in

Ipo] cxvn. HORACES. 1021

diameter at the base ; head depressed-dilated, very ample, majestic,
evergreen ; trunk straight, bare of branches to the height of 15 to
20 ft. and there 2 to 2£ ft. in diameter, patently branched above, the
lower branches almost" horizontal or even drooping, the upper ones
erect-spreading, together making up the hemispherical head ; branch-
lets flexuous, tuberculate ; leaves coriaceous, more or less shining or
varnished-glossy above, paler beneath, when dried almost coppery red
beneath ; young fruits greenish, tipped with a long bifid style or
rarely with several styles ; ripe fruits drupaceous, obovoid, shortly
pedunculate, coriaceous, mucronate at the apex with the remains of
the style, monospermons, softly and slightly velvety, orange-red ;
embryo large, white ; all parts of the tree especially the fruit
exuding a viscid resinous whitish milk. All the specimens seen were
dioecious. In the primitive forests of the Alto Queta mountains,
sporadic or in some places plentiful ; fl. in Feb. and March, young fr.
in April and May, ripe fr. in July to middle of Aug., 1855 and 1856,
first seen on the northern slopes of Cimeterio do Alto das Cruzes.
No. 2593. A lactescent tree, with the habit of Mucamba-Camba
(Chlorophora excelsa Welw. herb. no. 1559) ; fruit ficiform, velvety-
scarlet. Cimeterio ; fr. July 1857. COLL. CARP. 905.

Welwitsch and his negro servants frequently climbed some of these
trees to cut flowers and fruits, but suffered no bad effects.

The leaves in the above No. are entire or somewhat repand but
not serrulate, and glabrous or nearly so as well as the branches ; but
Sir Joseph Hooker in Fl. Brit. Ind. v. pp. 537, 538 (1888) describes
the leaves as entire or serrulate scaberulous glabrous or tomentose
beneath, and the young leaves as lanceolate serrulate hirsute ; and he
states that, according to Dalzell, the leaves on the shoots are very
different from the old ones, being densely hirsute elliptic-lanceolate
caudate-acuminate and serrulate ; and that similar but much larger
leaves occur in Malayan specimens ; the following Nos., therefore,
should be compared with this species, and perhaps belong to it : —

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A small tree, with similar habit and in company
with the above, near Sange, but never seen to flower, July 1855. No.
2595. A tree, 8 to 10 ft. high, perhaps a young state of a larger tree,
copiously lactescent. In damp forests at the cataracts of the river
Cuango, near Sange, sporadic ; the trees were never seen to flower,
though Welwitsch lived near them for months, Aug. 1855. Negro
name " N-dua." No. 1232. A tree, 6 ft. high, probably young, with
the habit of a Ficus. In the secondary woods of the Central Queta
mountains ; without fl. or fr. June 1856. No. 1232&.

7. ARTOCARPUS J. B. & G. Forst. Char. Gen. PI. p. 101. tt.
51. 51o (1776) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 376.

Soccus Humph, ex Forst., I.e., p. 102. Kima Sonner. Yoy. Nouv.
Guin. p. 99. tt. 57-60 (1776). Rademachia Thunb. in Vet. Acad.
Handl. Stockh. xxxvii. p. 250 (1776).

Forsters' genus is probably anterior to the names of Sonnerat
or Thunberg, for the preface to their book is dated November
1775 ; Thunberg's appeared in the last quarter of 1776.

1. A. communis J. E, & G. Forst., I.e., p. 102.

Rademachia incisa Thunb., I.e., p. 253. A. incisus L. f. Suppl.
PI. p. 411 (1781); Welw. Apontam. p. 546, sub n. 69(1859)
(incisa) ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 273 (1884); Engler, Nat.

}022 cxvu. HORACES. [Artocarpus

Pflanzenfam. iii. 1, pp. 82, 83, fig. 61 (1888) ; Engl. Mon. Morac.
African, p. 35 (1898). Sitodium altile S. Parkins. Journ. bouth
Seas, p. 45 (1784). Saccus communis 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI.
ii. p.' 633 (1891).

SIERR\ LEONE.— Cultivated in several gardens at Freetown, where
Welwitsch took the opportunity of eating the savoury cooked fruit,
Sept 1853 ; he recommended its re-introduction and general cultiva-
tion in Angola. No. 2685 (no specimens).

The fruit is cut into slices and baked in Jinguba oil, that is, the oil
extracted from the seeds of Arachis hypogcea L., ante, p. 239.

2. A. integrifolia L. f., I.e., p. 412 ; Ficalho, I.e., p. 272 ; Engl.
Mon., I.e. (integrifolius).

Rademaehia Integra Thunb., I.e.. p. 254. Sitodium cauliflorum
Gsertn. Fruct. i. p. 345, tt. 71, 72 (1788). A. jaca Lam. Encycl.
Meth. iii. p. 209 (1789). Saccus integer 0. Kuntze, I.e.

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. — Wild here and there, and cultivated in
both the coast and mountain regions of the island ; ripe fr. Dec. 1860.
No. 2586. The fruit (syncarpium) is brought to market whole, and
is often much larger than a man's head, green on the outside with a
soft rind ; the interior is full of a soft pulp (like half-baked bread), in
which the seeds are embedded ; the seeds are about an inch long.
The fruit is sliced and cooked in oil like the last species, which,
however, makes a preferable dish. The inhabitants call the tree
"Jaca" or " Jacca."

Lichen n. 141 grew on the trunk of this tree on Pico de Papagaio
in Prince's Island in Sept. 1853.

8. TEECULIA Decaisne ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 374.

Myriopeltis Welw. ex Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 5986 (1872) ; and
ex Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 272 (1884).

1. T. africana Decaisne ex Tree, in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3,
via. p. 109, t. 3. figs. 86-99 (1847) ; Hook, f., I.e. ; Ficalho, PI.
Uteis, I.e.; Henriques, Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 162 (1893); Engl.
Mon. Morac. African, p. 32, tt. 12, 13 and 14, fig. B (1898).

Myriopeltis edulis Welw., I.e. ; and ex Ficalho, I.e. Ficus
Welwitschii (Miquel ms.) Hort. Kew. ex Hook, f., I.e. ; non Warb.

BARRA DO DANDE. — A tree about 25 ft. high ; leaves rather shorter
and comparatively broader than in the type, about 7£ in. long by 4 in.
broad, in shape almost like those of Artocarpus integrifolia L. f.
Cultivated in plantations of " Bombo " (cf . maudioc) on Fazenda do
Bombo, on the right bank of the river Dande, about 500 ft. elevation,
where it is said to have been formerly introduced by Pedro Alexan-
drino from the island of St. Thomas ; without fl. or fr., Sept. 1858.
No. 2588.

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A handsome, stout, lofty tree, 35 to 80 ft. high,
exuding a whitish milk ; trunk straight, 1 to 2 ft. in diameter at the
base, bare below up to two-thirds of its height, in consequence of the
gradual falling away of the branches, loosely branched above ; branches
spreading almost horizontal or deflected-patent, strong, long, tortuous :
the younger branchlets atropurpureous ; leaves coriaceous, bright
green, glossy, paler beneath, atropurpureous on the midrib ; flowers
white, dioecious ; heads of male flowers mostly spherical or slightly

Treculia] cxvu. HORACES. 1023

•ellipsoidal, as large as a man's fist or usually a little larger than a
goose's egg and more globose, 1§ to 2J in. in diameter when green,
beset with peltate very densely aggregated scales from the clefts or
inter-substance of which the antheriferous filaments emerge ; perianth
usually bifid ; the lobes erect, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, ciliolate on the
margin, a little thickened and somewhat fleshy below, whitish green ;
stamens always 2 in the flowers examined, opposite the perianth-lobes ;
filaments exserted, fleshy, straight ; anthers arcuate-oblong, dorsifixed,
comparatively large, persistent, sweetly fragrant, hard, somewhat rigid,
turning snow-white in drying; pollen copious; fruit a syncarpium,
immense, as large as a man's head, or twice as large, or the size of a
large pine-apple (one of the fruits brought in July from the Queta
mountains, the largest of 6, but still green outside and consequently
not quite ripe, measured a yard in vertical circumference), when ripe
yellowish outside, very rough, agreeably sweet-scented and somewhat
acidulous or vinous-aromatic, almost resembling a gigantic lemon,
•ellipsoidal ; interior receptacle central, spherical, hard, woody, bearing
elongate-cuneate scales which are roundly peltate at the surface of the
fruit and among the viscid pulpy shafts of which the seeds are com-
pactly embedded ; seeds very numerous in the syncarpium, more than
1500 in a single one, edible when cooked, as large as those of Pinus
Pinea L. and not dissimilar in taste, sometimes boiled, sometimes
roasted or prepared like sweetmeats, and so eaten by negroes, especially
by the Mahungos, and also by the colonists, and used in the preparation
of a kind of almond-milk which is truly refreshing drink in these hot
countries, and alleviates in a very great degree the thirst of those
stricken down with fever. In the denser damp slopes of the primitive
forests of the Alto Queta mountains, about Sange, Bango, N-delle, etc.,
and at the banks of the river Luinha, in deep valleys, not plentiful ;
male fl., April and May 1855, and from Nov. 1855 to Jan. 1856 ; ripe
fr. beginning of April and beginning of Aug. 1855 and Jan. 1856 ;
seedling, Feb. 1856. Native name " Dizanha." No. 2587 and COLL.
€ARP. 902 to 904.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A small tree, 10 to 15 ft. high. At the banks of
the river Cuanza, fr. March 1857. COLL. CARP. 1015&.

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. — A tree, 25 to 35 ft. high ; head elongated,
interrupted, evergreen ; branches patent ; fruit spherical or ellipsoidal,
very minutely scutellate outside, as large as a moderate-sized pumpkin
or as a human head or larger ; seeds cooked by the negroes and dried,
edible, numerous in the syncarpium, about 1000 to 1200, embedded
horizontally in white and spongy pulp, well tasted. In the denser
damper forests of the island, up to elevation of 2500 ft., wild, and on
account of its savoury fruit occasionally cultivated ; fr. Dec. 1860.
Native names "Isa," "Isaquente," " Quicange," " G-iquenge," or
" Gicuenge." No. 2589 and COLL. CARP. 20.

In Senegambia it is called "Okwa" or "Ocua." It is mentioned
by Welwitsch in Synopse Explic. p. 54, n. 142 (1862), under the name
of " Amendoas de Disanha " (Disanha almonds) ; the fruit is described
as having the shape and size of a small "abobora chila" (Cucurbita
ficifolia Bouche^ ante, p. 402 ; Welw. herb. no. 834 and Coll. Carp.
142) ; the seeds are frequently sold in the market in the island of
St. Thomas, where they are bought for food.

The fungus n. 73, the moss n. 148Z», the hepatic n. 302, and the
lichens nn. 97, 180, 305, and 434, grew on the trunk branches or
leaves of Dizanha in Serra de Alto Queta and in other parts of
Golungo Alto. Carpolobia alba G. Don (ante, p. 48) grew under the
shade of this tree then in flower-bud at the end of Oct. 1855.

cxvn. HORACES. [Treculia

This is the rather thick tree, 30 ft. high, with large fruit and edible
seed noticed by J. R. T. Vogel by the river Niger, 16 Sept. 1841, and
called by the Kroomen " Oqua/' See Niger Flora, pp. 67, 68, 525-
(1849). In the island of St. Thomas, the name " Oca or " Oqua, is
used to designate Cdba Caxearia Medic., ante, pp. 80, 81.

9. TRYMATOCOCCUS Poepp. & Endl. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.
PI. iii. p. 366.

1. T. kamemnianus Engl. Mon. Mor. Afr. p. 29. t. 11, B (1898).

Dorstenia kameruniana Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx. p. 142 (1894).

Var. Welwitschii Engl. Mon., I.e.

Trymatococcus sp., Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 61 (1869).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A shrub or low tree, 4 to 8 ft. high, erect, spar-
ingly but really lactescent ; stem branching a little above the base ;
branches sparse, virgate, patent, elongated, slender ; leaves large,
elliptical, long-acuminate, slightly rough, evergreen, subcoriaceous.
dark green and glossy (the older ones opaque) above, pale green
beneath ; receptacles on erect axillary stalks, solitary or 2 or 3
together, ob-pyramidal, embedded in pulp, the young ones capituliform,
involucrate with 5 to 7 broadly ovate acuminate green scales, which
are fringed on the red margin and converge adpressedly at the top of
the capitulum ; the scales at the time of the flowering mostly deciduous,
one or two afterwards conspicuous at the outer face of the receptacle,
and the top of the capitulum spreading into a circular somewhat flat
whitish fleshy torus, the margin more or less unequally erose-undulate
or crenulate. The male flowers very numerous, at first 5 of them
appearing around the female flower, afterwards always in a greater
number, and finally covering the whole plane of the receptacle, each of
them consisting of a very short cylindrical tube, entire at the mouth,
from the bottom of which rises the single whitish somewhat fleshy
stamen ; anther didymous, whitish, quickly turning dusky. The
female flower solitary, central, consisting of an ovoid ovary, with a
style bifid at the apex and only the flattened lobes exserted, sessile at
the base of the receptacle, and rising through the cavity of the fleshy
torus to its surface. In very dense exceedingly shady primitive
forests, preferring the neighbourhood of streams, especially about the
Capopa cataract, between Sange and N-delle, plentiful ; fl. abundant
throughout the year, fr. only seen on one branch, 4 Oct. 1854 and
June and Aug. 1855 and 1856. No. 2594.

This is the plant mentioned by Welwitsch in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii.
p. 151 (1859) as a genus nearly related to Dorstcnia and as a large
woody shrub 4 ft. high, in general habit like a fig, but with the
receptacles obconic truncate and open, just as in Konaria. Lichen
n. 477 grew on the leaves of this shrub at Capopa in the spring and
summer of 1855 ; and the fungus n. 508 about its branchlets.

Brwmichia africaiw. Welw. herb. no. 1754 (imfr, pp. 905, 906) grew
in company with the Trymatococcua ; also a scarlet-flowered Ochnacea
(cf. Ochna membraiuicea Oliv., var. rubescens ; ante, p. 120), and Com-
bretaceae with velvety fruit (cf. Combretum naradoxum Welw. herb,
no. 4385, ante, p. 350).

It is, perhaps, the " Matomba," which Welwitsch in his mss. says
is the name of a small or middle-sized tree, belonging to this group of
plants, and that with it the negroes in the district of Cazengo make
very strong cords. In Barra do Dande the name " Matombe " is used
for Raphia te

Dontmia] cxvu. HORACES. 1025

10. DORSTENIA Plum., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii.
p. 366.

1. D. (Sychinium) Psilurus Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii.
p. 71 (1869) ; Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvii. p. 272 (1873), excl. var.
scabra ; Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 269 (1884) ; Engler, Bot. Jahrb.
xx., 1, p. 140. n. 5 (1894), and Mon. Morac. Afric. p. 20 (1898);
De Wild. & Dur. PI. Thonner. Congol. p. 10 (1900).

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A perennial, caulescent herb, 2 to 2£ ft. high ;
rhizome tuberous, after the manner of Dentaria, very pleasantly
aromatic ; leaves membranous, almost like those of Artocarpus corn-
munis Forst. ; receptacle with 1 or 2 long tails ; stamen 1 ; filament
somewhat compressed ; achenes crustaceous ; style ad pressed to the
achene after fertilization, bifid at the apex ; seed parietal, attached at
the upper part of the fruit-cavity ; testa membranous ; umbilicus
rather broad, flat, orbicular ; albumen scarcely including the whole of
the embryo ; cotyledons obovate, slightly veined. In narrow moist
deep very shady valleys at the fissures of rocks in Mata de Puugo in
the presidium, not uncommon ; fl. and fr. end of Dec. 1856 and Jan.
and Feb. 1857. No. 1564.

The Fungi, nn. 8 sEcidium sp., Welw. & Curr. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. xxvi. p. 293 (1868), and 184 Puccinia (vel Uromyces ?) Darstenicp,
Lagerh. in Bol. Soc. Brot. vii. pp. 130, 131 (1889), grew on the leaves
of this plant.

The following ISTo. is without fl. or fr. ; it was considered by
Welwitsch to belong to the same species : —

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A herb, a foot high, with a tuberous root. In the
very shady parts of the Quisucula primitive forest near Bango, Feb.
1855 and May 1856, very sporadic. No. 1563.

2. D. (Kosaria) vivipara Welw., I.e., p. 70 ; Bureau, I.e., p. 273 ;
Engler, lice., p. 141. n. 13, & p. 21.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — A perennial herb, 6 to 9 in. high, bulbiferous
in the axils of the lower leaves ; bulbils lactescent, viviparous ; stems
ascending, weak, very brittle, cylindrical, thinly puberulous, lactescent ;
leaves membranous, thinly fleshy, slow and difficult to dry, puberulous,
herbaceous-green above, pallid greenish beneath ; receptacles on long
stalks in the axils of the upper leaves, cyathimorphous, somewhat
fleshy, lactescent, many-flowered, 6- to 8- or rarely 9-radiate on the
margin or limb, the rays more or less patent or erect-spreading ;
flowers embedded in the somewhat fleshy margined pits of the recep-
tacle, the male ones superficial inserted on the disk of the receptacle
and mixed with the styles of the female ones, the styles bursting from
the body of the receptacle through a disciform diaphragm ; ovaries
fleshy-gelatinous, 1-celled, irregularly hidden in the body of the some-
what succulent receptacle, showing only the stigmas on the surface of
the disk, at length projecting in an elastic manner the seed from a
gaping chink ; seed ovoid-angular, obscurely trigonous, papillose, not
hooked. In remarkably shady places at the sides of the rivulet
Candange Camatuta and in the prsesidium ; plentiful but only in a
few spots ; fl. and fr. middle of Dec. 1856, and Jan. and Feb. 1857.
No. 1565.

3. D. (Kosaria) benguellensis Welw., I.e., p. 71 ; Bureau, I.e.,
p. 274; Engl. Mon. Morac. African, p. 24 (1898).

HUILLA.— An erect, perennial herb, £ to 2 ft. high ; root large,

66

1026 cxvu. HORACES. [Dorstenia

tuberous, succulent, watery, edible, delightfully refreshing; stem
lactescent scarcely branched or furnished with abbreviated leafy
branchlets fleshy, cylindrical, somewhat reddish ; leaves lactescent,
elliptic-lanceolate, somewhat fleshy, veined, the veins impressed on
the upper face, raised on the lower ; 'flowers clustered on the hemi-
spherical receptacle. In sandy thickets among low herbs near Lopollo,
soaringlv and sporadic ; fl. and few fr. 25 Dec. 1859. No. 1566.

In some respects allied to D. indica Wall. List, n. 4639 (1831), but
the leaves are subsessile, and it can be easily distinguished by the
tuberous root. D. indica is reported to have been collected by Mr.
Last at the Usagara district of Central Africa : see Mitten in Journ.
Linn Soc xxii. p. 299 (1886) ; but this distribution of the species is
not recognised in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. v. p. 494 (1888).

11. CHLOROPHORA Gaudich. Bot. Voy. Freyc.p. 509 (1826) ;
Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 363.

1. C. excelsa Benth. & Hook, f., I.e. ; Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 268
(1884) ; Engl. in Notizbl. Bot. Berlin ii. p. 52 (1898), Mon.
Morac. African, p. 3 (1898).

Norm sp. Wehv. Synopse Explic. p. 8. n. 6. & p. 9. n. 14 (1862).
M. excelsa Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii. p. 69. t. 23 (1869).
Madura ? excelsa Bureau in DC. Prodr. xvii. p. 231 (1873).

GoLUN'GO ALTO. — A very lofty, immense, copiously lactescent tree,
100 to 135 ft. high ; trunk 4 to 7£ ft. in diameter at the base, losing
its branches more or less up to two-thirds of its height ; head ample,
hemispherical ; timber whitish, soon becoming pale bay in colour,
durable, very highly valued, easy to work, used for house-building,
gates, doors, tables, etc. ; branches patent ; branchlets nodose, some-
what tortuous, quasi- scarred with short whitish lines ; flowering shoots
green ; leaves deciduous, the freeh ones appearing with the flowers in
October and November, falling in the following June, July and August,
somewhat glossy and marked with deep green yellowish veins above,
yellow-greenish and pervaded with more deeply yellow veins beneath,
densely pubescent almost tomentose in the young state, the adult ones
glabrous, very delicately and beautifully reticulate, toughly mem-
branous almost coriaceous, those of the young trees much larger than
those of old ones : petioles slightly channelled ; flowers dioacious.
appearing only on old trees ; fruit when nearly ripe from

greenish to

yellowish, but little juicy. In primitive forests, on the lower slopes
of the Queta mountains near Canguerasange and around Bango, on a
mica-schist formation, with foliage, Oct. 1854 : Bango road, July 1855;
Queta mountains, beginning of Oct. 1855 ; near Sange, N-delle, Mata
de QTiibange, etc., plentiful, fl. Nov. Ift5ii, fr. Dec. 1855 to Feb. ; on
the slopes of Alto Queta, plentiful, male fl. end of Sept. 1856 ; Mata
de Quilango near Sange, fr. Dec. 1855. Native name " Camba-
Camba '' or u Mucamba-Camba " ; colonial name " Amoreira " or
"Moreira." It is milky in all parts after the fashion of the Figs.
No. 1559, and COLL. CARP. 897.

This is jthe tree referred to by Welwitsch, Apontam. p. 546 snb
n. 68 (1859), as a new genus allied to Morns. The moss n. 132,
Schlotheimia rugifolia Brid. grew on the trunk of " Mucamba-Camba "
at Sange in Dec. 1854.

2. C. tenuifolia Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xx., 1, p. 139 (16 Nov. 1894),
and Mon. Morac. African, p. 4 (1898).

Chlorophora] cxvu. MORACE^B. 1027

ISLAND OP ST. THOMAS.— A young tree, 4 to 5 ft. high. In wooded
places about Fazenda do Monte Caffe, at an elevation of 1200 ft. ;
without fl. or f r. Dec. 1860, called " Amoreira." No. 1560. Branchlet
of a more adult tree, given to Welwitsch by his friend, Senhor
Carvalho, under the name of " Moreira' ; " at Fazenda do Monte
Caffe, without fl. or fr. Dec. 1860. No. 1561.

These determinations are doubtful ; I have not seen the type of
Engler's species. Welwitsch thought that No. 1560 might be a young
state of the previous species, and Ficalho, I.e., appears to refer to these
Nos. and to confirm Welwitsch's opinion.

12. MORUS Tournef. L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 364.

1. M. nigra L. Sp. PL, edit, 1, p. 986 (1753) ; Bureau in DC.
Prodr. xvii. p. 238 (1873) ; Ficalho, PL Uteis p. 269 (1884) ;
Engl. Mon. Morac. Afric. p. 3 (1898).

MOSSAMEDES. — A much branched tree, 20 ft. high ; fruit blackish
purple, small, of moderate worth ; leaves smoother than usual in the
type of the species ; petioles ^ to 1 J in. long. Cultivated in gardens
in the district ; at Cavalheiros at the banks of the river Bero, about
three miles from Mossamedes towards the east ; with almost ripe fr.
July 1859. No. 1562.

CXYIII. ULMACE^E.

1. CELTIS Tournef. L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 354.

1. C. Henriquesii Engl. in Berlin Notizblatt, iii. p. 22 (1900).

Celtis sp., Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 260 (1884).

GOLUNGO ALTO.— A lofty tree, 60 to 100 ft. high ; trunk straight,
H ft. in diameter at its base and almost as thick for two-thirds of its
height ; bark grey ; wood excellent ; leaves scabrid, caducous at the
time of the flowering ; drupes apparently smooth, without any ribs.
In elevated forests among the Queta mountains, often forming the
bulk of the forest with its dense mass of trunks, at N-delle ; fl. and
fr. beginning of May 1856. Native name " Quibaba." No. 6286.
By the king's highway towards Ponte de Felix Simoes, near Sange ;
without fl. or fr. 1854. Apparently this species. No. 6264. At
Quibolo ; fresh branches of a burnt tree, without fl. or fr. June 1856.
Apparently this species. No. 6263.

BUMBO.— A handsome tree, with a straight trunk and widely
spreading somewhat lax head. In rather elevated primitive forests
in Serra da Xella, intermixed with various other trees ; fl. Oct. 1859.
No. 6308. A lofty tree, more than 40 ft. high, with a broad head.
In the forests of Serra da Xella, a little above the place where the
flowering specimens of the previous No. were collected on the same
day ; in fr. No. 6307.

The fungus n. 396 at Quibolo in April 1856 grew on the trunks of
apparently this species.

The following No. should be compared with this species : —
GOLUNGO ALTO. — A patently branched shrub of 3 to 4 ft., perhaps
a young tree ; leaves like those of a Celtis. In secondary thickets on
the left bank of the river Cuango, near Cacarambola ; without fl. or fr.
beginning of Dec. 1855. No. 6306.

1028 cxviu. ULMACE.E. \Cdtis

2 C Soyauxii Engl., I.e., p. 23.

Trema sp., Ficalho, PL Uteis, p. 260 (1884).

GOLUNGO Ai.TO.-A tree, 40 to 80 ft. high ; trunk bare of branches
below above terminating in an ovoid head ; timber whitish, straight,
strong very useful, called by the negroes u Pdo Cababa " or " Quibaba."
In the primitive forests of Sobato Cabanga-Cacalungo : fr.3Feb. 1855.
No. 6285. A tree, 20 to 40 ft. high ; trunk 8 in. in diameter at the
base or more ; branches slender, as well as the branchlets erect-spreading,
dusky-grey, punctate with very small white warts ; leaves rigid, dark-
green above, paler beneath, thick but not fleshy, coriaceous or scarcely
so ; fruit on axillary solitary simple or rather dichotomous peduncles :
unripe fruit green, ovoid -compressed or tetragonal-pyramidal, quadri-
costate (two of the ribs less prominent than the others), crowned at
the apex with two bifid connivent styles or stigmas or with their
remains (the stigmatic lobes divaricate) ; young seed pendulous from
the top of much larger cavity of the young fruit : ripe fruit cinnabar-
red, drupaceous, juicy, monopyrenous : seed bony, quadricostate,
cotyledons plicate ; radicle thick. In hilly bushy places in Sobato
Bumba, near Bumba, fr. 2 May 1855 ; also at the outskirts of forests
among the Bango and Queta mountains, fl. and young fr. 12 Nov. 1855.
Native name " Quibaba." No. 6298- In fl.-bud and young fr. No.
6299. Without fl. or fr. Apparently this species. No. 6300. In fr.
Determination doubtful (cf. Rinored). No. 6711-

CAZENOO. — In the Cacula forests ; fr. June 1855. No. 6284.

The following No. should be compared with this species : —

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— Called " Capitfio.'T Without fl. or fr.
No. 6303. " Capitao " is used for joinery, turning, and building (see
Cat. Exposit. Paris 1867, sect. Portug. p. 427 n 14).

" Quibaba roxa " or Red Quibaba is a tree GO to 100 ft. high, which
grows in groups constituting the bulk of forests and forms one of the
finest ornaments of the virgin forests of Golungo Alto and Cazengo ;
its trunk is always straight, and not uncommonly attains a height of
60 ft. and more, nearly cylindrical to the height often of 40 ft., with
a diameter from 2 to 2i ft. at the base ; the bark is whitish grey, and
the wood is nearly but "not quite always cherry-red or blood-red in the
middle and white towards the outside ; the head is rather lax, and the
leaves variable in shape and substance. Welwitsch had no oppor-
tunity of witnessing any application of it made by the nativea ;
he regarded it as a new species of Sjtoniti (see Welw. Synopse Explic.
p. 12. n. 25 [1862] ). It doubtless is this and possibly also the
previous species of Cfltu. The " Quibaba " of Mussengue or of Hungo
is Khaya anthotheca C.DC. : ante, p. 135. The " Quibaba " of Queta or
"Quibaba quin a" is Ent<n\dropliragma angolenw C.DC. ; ante, p. 136.
" Quibeba" is Ficus Quibeba Welw. herb. no. 6399. The Bunda name
"Quibaba," plural "Ibaba," signifies in general the bark of any tree
whatever, and is used in Golungo Alto for trees of quite distinct
families. It was probably on the branchlets of the heads of this tree
that the lichen n. 156, Placodium Brebissonii, var. microspora Wain.,
grew in the Sange forests in April 1856 ; also lichen nn. 203 and 204.

3. C. Prantlii Priemer in Berlin Notizbl. iii. p. 23 (1900).

LIBONGO.— A tree, 20 to 30 ft. high, sometimes only 15 ft. ; head
wide ; branches spreading ; branchlets crowded, somewhat drooping ;
leaves coriaceous, shining, trinerved after the fashion of the Melasto-
maceae. In rather dense forests at the banks of the river Lif une near
the petroleum mine, sparingly ; fr. end of Sept. 1858. No.

Celtis] cxvm. ULMACE^. 1029

CAZENGO. — A tree, 20 to 25 ft. high ; bark whitish-grey ; branches
patent ; leaves dryly coriaceous, hard, glossy above ; drupe green,
crowned with the bifid style or its remains ; the style-branches
bipartite, stigmatose on the inner side ; cotyledons large, incumbent.
In dense forests near Cacula ; fr. June 1855. No. 6287.

Perhaps scarcely distinct from C.philippensis'Blauco, Fl. Filip. p. 197.

4. C. Wightii Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3, x. p. 307 (1848) ;
Wight, Ic. PI. Ind. Or. vi. p. 8. t. 1969 (March 1853) ; Henriques
Bol. Soc. Brot. x. p. 161 (1893).

Celtis sp., Planch, in DO. Prodr. xvii. p. 186 (1873).

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. — A handsome tree, with strict trunk and
white wood. In mountain forests between the town and Monte Caffe,
at an elevation from 1800 to 2000 ft. ; fr. Dec. 1860. Negro name
" Coaco branco." No. 6304.

This is apparently the same species as a plant collected by G-. Don
in St. Thomas's Island, and mentioned by Planchon and Henriques,
ll.cc. ; the leaves in Welwitsch's specimen are, however, rather smaller,
about 3 in. long by an inch broad ; the fruit is about \ in. broad, \\ in.
long, |- in. thick. Don's plant has been considered by Henriques, I.e.,
as the same species as Wight's Indian plant, and therefore Welwitsch's
specimen should probably be referred to the same, as given above.
Hook. f. in Fl. Brit. Ind. v. p. 483 (Dec. 1888) suspected that
C. philippensis is not distinct from C. Wightii.

2. TREMA Lour. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 355.

1. T. affinis Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. p. 58 (1856).

Celtis Guineensis Schum. & Thonn. in Danske Vid. Selsk. iii.
p. 180 (1828). Sponia africana Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 3,
x. p. 320 (1848). S. strigosa Planch., I.e. S. affinis Planch., I.e.,
p. 329. S. guineensis Planch, in DC. Prodr. xvii. p. 197 (1873).
T. guineensis Ficalho, PI. Uteis, p. 261 (1884).

SIERRA LEONE. — In fl. beginning of Sept. 1853. No. 6297.

GOLUNGO ALTO. — A small tree, 10 to 20 ft. high, with the habit of
a Celtis. At the outskirts of forests near Trombeta ; fl. and unripe fr.
Sept. 1854. No. 6257. A small tree, 8 to 20 ft. high, with drooping
branchlets. At Menha Lula ; fl. May 1855. No. 6262. A small,
patently branched tree, G to 10 ft. high. At Molemba-Alcundra near
Sange ; without fl. or fr. Sept. 1856. No. 6293. Without fl. or fr.
No. 62806.

CAZENGO.— A small tree, 12 ft. high, divaricately branched at the
apex; branchlets drooping; unripe drupes greenish. By thickets
close to the base of the Muxaula mountains ; fr. Dec. 1854. From the
wood of this tree the musical instrument called " samba-viola " is
made. The Cabinda name of the tree is " Musamba-Samba." No. 6280.

AMBACA.— A small, patently and virgately branched tree, 10 ft.
high ; branchlets nodding. In moist places by thickets, on the left
bank of the river Carenga ; unripe fr. June 1855. No. 6281.

BUMBO. — A frondose tree, about 15 ft. high. In shady primitive
forests between Chao da Xella and Cume da Serra, about two-thirds
way to the top and near Bumbo, rather rare ; in company with
Asaonia (cf. A. Schwiperiana 0. Kunt/e, var. lobulata ; Welw. herb,
no. 4729) and Briedelia (cf. B. sjieciosa Muell. arg. ; Welw. herb. no.
371) ; fl. and fr. Oct. 1859. No. 6288.

ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS.— A tree of moderate size ; the wood is

1030 cxvui. ULMACE.E. [Trema

used for various building purposes; fl. and fr. Dec. 1860. Local
name " Cabra." No. 6282.

I follow Bentham in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 525 (1849) in uniting
Celtis guineensis with Sponia offinis.

3. CHJETACHME Planch, in Ann. Sc. Nat., ser 3, x. pp. 2G6,
340 (1848) ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 356 (Chcetacme).

1. C. aristata Planch., I.e., p. 341, and in DC. Prodr. xvii. p.
210 (1873) (Chcetacme).

Celtis appendiculata E. Meyer in Flora, 1843, Bes. Beig. ii.
pp. 127, 171, name only. Celtis subdentata E. Meyer, I.e., pp.
134, 159, 171, name only. Celtis aristata E. Meyer, I.e., pp. 151,
171 name only. Chcetachme nitida PI. & Harv. in Harv. Thes.
Cap. i. p. 16. t. 25 (1859). Ch. Meyeri Harv., I.e.

AMBACA. — A much branched, very rigid shrub, 6 to 8 ft. high ;
stems shortly sarmentose, subscandent ; branchlets variously arranged,
some of them reduced to reddish spines ; leaves coriaceous, very rigid,
deciduous at the time of the flowering ; flowers small, whitish,
pentamerous. In bushy places by streams, near Cabinda and Izanga,
sparingly ; not yet in fully expanded fl. Oct. 1856. No. 474.

PUNGO ANDOXGO.— A handsome tree, 25 ft. high when fully
developed, with the habit of an Olea or of a Briedelia : head dense ;
branches and branchlets furnished with hard spines ; leaves rigidly
coriaceous, strongly shining, always densely and pinnately veined and
impressedly venulose between the veins above as well as beneath,
pallid beneath : flowers greenish-yellowish. In small woods by the
gigantic rocks of Cabondo, fl.-bud Nov. 1856 ; also wooded rocky parts
of Mata de Cabondo and near Luxillo, everywhere sporadic ; fl. Jan.
and March 1857. No. 473.

BUMBO.— A tree, 15 to 25 ft. high, with the habit of a Rhamnux,
distantly and irregularly branched ; branchlets occasionally spiny ;
flowers yellowish or greenish ; drupes rubicund. In the shady rather
elevated forests of Serra da Xella, 15° S. Lat., about 3000 ft. alt.,
rather rare ; with few fl. and very few fr. Oct. 1859. No. 472.

The fungus n. 171 grew on this shrub about Cabinda in Oct. 1856.

CXIX. MYRICACE^E.

MYRICA L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 400.
1. M. oordifolia L. Sp. PL edit. 1, p. 1025 (1753): Cas. DC.
Prodr. xvi 2, p. 148 (1864).
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.— In fr. 1858. COLL. CARP. 906.

CXX. SALICINE.E.

SALIX Tournef., L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 411.
1. S. subserrata Willd. Sp. PL iv. p. 671 (1806)
£ safsaf bcelledi Forsk. Fl. ^Egypt-Arab, p. Ixxvi (1775) with-

??oflJ? criPtion' S- Saf*af Anderss. in DC. Prodr. xvi. 2, p. 196
(Ioo8).

BUMBO.— A tree, 10 to 12 ft. high ; trunk 3 in. in diameter ;
branches patent; branchlets reddish, more or less brittle; leaves
bright green above, whitish beneath. In wooded places by streams

•Salix] cxx. SALICINE.E. 1031

at the base of Serra de Xella, near Bumbo, plentiful ; without fl. or fr.
•Oct. 1859. No. 6334. At a stream in Cbao da Xella ; male fl. Oct.
1859, in company with Vemonia podocoma Schultz Bip. (Welw. herb,
no. 3263 ; ante, p. 539). No. 63326.

HUILLA. — An arborescent, virgately branched shrub ; branches and
branchlets reddish yolk of egg coloured ; leaves herbaceous-green and
somewhat shining above, whitish beneath ; stamens 6 or rarely 7 ;
filaments monadelphous at the very base. At the banks of rivers and
streams about Lopollo, Monino, and the Ivantala lake, plentiful, about
3000 to 4000 ft. alt., in company with species of Eugenia (cf. E. guine-
ensis, var. huillensis, Welw. herb. no. 4403), Nesaia passer/noides
Koehne (cf. Welw. herb. no. 2336), and a Proteacea, Faurea saligna
Harv. (Welw. herb. no. 1592) ; male fl. Jan. and March 1860 ; female
-fl. and f r. April 1 860. The shrub rather rarely fruits, for staminif erous
specimens were frequently seen all the way from Bumbo to the
Ivantala lake, but pistilliferous ones only in one place, namely at
Monino. No. 6332. In wooded places at Monino by streams, in
company with the willow-like Proteacea, Faurea saligna Harv. (Welw.
herb. no. 1592) ; fr. March 1860. It is singular that the leaves on the
-shoots which bear the female catkins are always more or less obtuse at
the apex, while the rest of the leaves on the same branches have a long
acumen like those on the male plants. No. 6333.

CXXI. CERATOPHYLLE^].
1. CERATOPHYLLUM L. ; Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PL iii. p. 415.

1. C. demersum L. Sp. PL, edit. 1, p. 992 (1753); Caruel in
Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. viii. p. 28. t. 3 (Jan. 1876).

C. vulgare Schleid. in Linnaea xi. p. 540. t. 11 (1837); Benth.
in Hook. Niger Fl. p. 525 (1849).

BARRA DO DAXDE. — Leaf-segments toothed. In pools at the river
Dande, without fl. or fr., rather rare, Nov. 1853, in company with
Pistia Stratiotes L., var. obcordata Engl. (cf. post, ii. p. 85), and
another aquatic plant with a Myriophyllaceous habit. No. 524-

BARRA DO BENGO. — A form with the leaf -segments strongly toothed.
In the large lake called Lagoa de Quifandongo, at the mouth of the
river Bengo, without fl. or fr. Dec. 1853, in company with Negus
Welwitschii T&endle, post, ii. p. 95 (1899), WTelw. herb. no. 247. No. 525.

ICOLO E BENGO. — Leaf-segments somewhat toothed. In the large
lake called Lagoa de Quilunda, without fl. or fr. 14 Sept. 1854, in
company with Castalia mystica Salisb., var. dentata (Welw. herb.
no. 1168 ; ante, pp. 22, xxvi), Pistia Stratiotes L. (Welw. herb.no. 214),
Lem»a paucicostata Hegelm. (Welw. herb. no. 213 ; post, ii. p. 91),
and Wolffia Michelii Schleid. (Welw. herb. no. 211 ; post, ii. p. 92).
No. 5246.

PUNGO ANDONGO. — Leaf -segments somewhat toothed ; fruit £ in.
long, surmounted with a slender style about the same length, long-
spurred near the base. In the river Cuije not far from its junction
with the river Cuanza, also near Sansamanda on the Cuanza, plentiful,
fl. and fr. March 1857, in company with Castalia mystica Salisb., var.
dentata (Welw. herb. no. 1165, and Azolla (Welw. herb. no. 38).
No. 526.

The specimens that are not provided with fruit are difficult to
distinguish from the subspecies C. submersum L. Sp. PL, edit. 2,
p. 1409 (1763).

J032 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 810, line 23. For " Loranthus Buchneri Engl.," read

" L. sessilifolius P. Beauv."
Page 824, lines 11 to 23. Substitute the following :—

1. Ecbolium Clarkei Hiern, sp. n.

E. amplexicaule C. B. Cl. in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. p. 237 (1900),
partly ; not of S. Moore in Journ. Bot. 1894, p. 136. Justicia sp.r
S. Moore, I.e., 1880, p. 342.

An undershrub, 2 to 4 ft. high ; branches erect- patent, glabres-
cent or towards the apex puberulons, glaucescent ; leaves oval- or
ovate-oblong, more or less obtusely narrowed at the apex or the
upper ones rather acute, broad subcordate-truncate and often
somewhat hastate-auriculate at the subsessile base, not panduri-
form, chartaceous, glabrous or glabrescent, greenish-glaucescent,
pallid beneath, H to 4| in. long, by £ to 2 in. broad ; petioles-
^ to YJT in. long, rather broad, fleshy, jointed to the branchlets at
the nodes ; spikes terminal, 2 to 4 in. long, shortly pedunculate ;
bracts oval or ovate, acutely cuspidate or acuminate at the apex,
narrowed or nearly rounded but not cordate at the subsessile base,
puberulous, f to 1 in. long, | to \ in. broad ; calyx puberulous,.
\ in. long, bibracteolate ; bracteoles narrow, rather shorter than
the calyx; corolla elongate-funnelshaped, U in. long; the tube
for the most part very slender and outside pubescent with
spreading-deflected hairs, somewhat dilated towards the base,
funnel-shaped at the apex ; limb bilabiate ; the anterior lip ^ in.
long, with three oval obtuse segments, the middle segment \ to
f^ in. broad, the lateral segments ^ to 1- in. broad ; the posterior
lip sublinear, bifid at the apex, obtuse, y\ in. long, ^ in. broad ;
stamens 2, inserted at the throat of the corolla or a little below ;
anthers bil ocular, yV in. long, glabrous; the cells parallel, one of
them a very little higher than the other, minutely mucronate
at the base; pollen (according to C. B. Clarke ms.) subglobose,
smooth, with the meridional slits narrow, very short and not
nearly reaching the pole ; ovary bilocular, shortly hairy ; stigma,
bifid, terminating the very long style; capsule | to 1 in. long,
laterally compressed, puberulous ; seeds 2, compressed, smooth,
not tuberculate, obliquely subrotund, somewhat thickened around
the margin, emarginate at the hilum, | in. in diameter or rather
more, glabrous, usually pallid.

LUANDA.— In sandy thickets near Penedo, and in public but little
frequented places in the city of Loanda ; fl. and fr. Dec. 1858.
Nos. 5203, 5124.

Also common at Ambriz. where it was collected by Monteiro in
Nov. 1872.

The distinctness of this plant from the type of S. amplexicauli* has
been pointed out to me by Mr. S. Moore.

Page 837, line 16. For "Vitex huillensis Hiern, sp. n.," read
"V. grisea Baker in Fl. Trop. Afr. v. 325 (1900)."

Page 873, line 15. For 5830 read 5530.

INDEX

Abena, 830.

Bignonia, 790-2.

Clerodendrum, 839.

Acalypha, 976.

Blepharis, 811.

Clinopodium, 874.

AcalypJia, 980.

Boerhaavia, 882.

Clinop 'odium, 876.

Acanthodium, 812, 813.

Boerhavia, 8S2.

Clutia, 973.

Acanthus, 813.

BoJtmeria, 992.

Cft/fr'a, 955.

Acanthus, 814.

Bontia, 847.

Cluytia, 955, 973.

Achyranthes, 893.

Bosqueia, 1019.

Cluytiandra, 956.

Achyranthes, 890-4, 896.

Bosquiea, 1019.

Coleus, 865.

Ach-vrospermum, 874.
Acidoton, 961.

Bougainvillcea, 883.
Brachystephanus, 819.

Comacum, 913.
Condea, 872.

Acrocephalus, 855.

Uridelia, 953.

Crescentia, 793.

Acrostaeliys, 927.

Briedelia, 953.

Croton, 969.

Aorostephanus, .927.

Brillantaisia, 807.

C'ro^ow, 969, 980.

Adhatoda, 819, 822.

Brochoneura, 914.

Curcas, 968.

Adicea, 990.

Brunnichia, 905.

Cyathula, 889, 890, 893.

JEolanthut, 868.

Bucholzia, 895.

Cyatula, 893.

jErua, 893.

Buginviilffia, 883.

Cycloncma, 844.

^lerw, 892.

Buxus, 952.

Cyclostemon, 961.

J&rra, 893.

Cyphocarpa, 889.

Agelanthus, 927.

Agrostistachys, 973.
Ajuga, 881.
Alchornea, 979.
Alternanthera, 895.
Alvesia, 872.
Amaranthus, 886.
Amarantus, 886.
Anisochlamys, 972.
Anonymos, 805.
Anthadenia, 797.
Anthocometes, 819.

Calamintha, 874.
Calophanes, 807.
Candelalria, 954.
Canella, 914.
Cannabis, 994.
Cassyta, 915.
Cassytha, 915.
Catophractes, 793.
Celosia, 884.
Celtis, 1027.
6fe^'s, 1029, 1030.

Dalechampia, 985.
Desmochfeta, 890.
Desmocliceta, 891.
Diantkera, 820, 822, 824.
Diapedium, 825.
Diasperus, 957-60.
Dicliptera, 825.
Diplopyramis, 902.
Dischistocalyx, 809.
Dolichandrone, 791.
-O^ w f7 7 ^7 900

Antiaris, 1020.

Centema, 889.

DorsteniR 1025

Antidesma, 965.
Aphyteia, 910.
Apodanthes, 908.
Aristolochia, 911.
Arthrocnemum, 890.

Ct.ntrogyne, 1019.
Ceratogonon, 902, 903.
Ceratogonum, 902.
Ceratophyllum, 1031.
Ceratotheca, 800.

Dorstenia, 1024.
Dufourea, 907.
Duranta, 831.
Dyschoriste, 807.

Arthrosolen, 922.

Chsetachme, 1030.

Artlirotfiamniis, 944.

Ch&taeme, 1030.

Ecbolinm, 824, 1032.

Artocarpus, 1021.

Chamccdryfolia, 994.

Elatosteraa, 992.

Asystasia, 817.

Ckarachera, 829.

Elytraria, 805.

Atriplex, 899.

Clieilopsis, 813.

Englerastrum, 860.

Averrhoa, 960.

Chenopodium, 897.

Eranthemum, 818.

Avicennia, 847.

CUenopociiuin, 900.

Euphorbia, 940.

Chlorophora, 1026.

Euxolus, 888.

Cfcca, 960.

Excacaria, 986.

Barleria, 814.

Cinnamomum, 914.

Excoecaria, 986.

Barleria, 810, 825.

Claoxylon, 975.

Basella, 897.

Claoxylon, 980.

Basilicum, 857.

Cleistanthus, 955.

Faurea, 921.

Beta, 899.

Clerodendron, 839.

Ferdinanda, 792.

1034

Ferdinandia, 792.

Justicia, 805, 817, 819,

Moichosma, 857.

Ferdinandoa, 792.

822-5, 1032.

Mventeria, 791.

Fernandla, 792.

Musanga, 995.

Fernandoa, 792.

Mvrianthus, 995.

Ficus, 996.

Kaluhaburunghos, 955.

Mvrica, 1030.

Flcus, 1022.

Kigelia, 793.

Myriopeltis, 1022.

Fleurya, 988.

Kigelkeia, 793.

Myristica, 913.

Fluggea, 961.

Kirganelia, 957.

Forskahlea, 994.

Forskohlea, 994.

Nelsonia, 805.

Frottia, 908.

Lantana, 827.

Neoboutonia, 980.

Fusanus, 938.

Lantana, 829, 830.

Neomiillera, 865.

Laportect, 987.

Xepeta, 873.

Lasiocorys, 876.

Neuracanthus, 817.

Geniosporum, 852.

Lasiosiphon, 922.

Xeuracanthut, 819.

Geniosportim, 854, 861.

Laurvs, 914.

Newbouldia, 790.

Genlisea, 789.

Lavandula, 873.

Xicoteba, 820.

Germanea, 860.

Leonotis, 879.

Nomaphila, 806.

Girardinia, 990.
Globularia, 826.

Lepidagathis, 819.
Lepidocarjrus, 917.

Notbosserva, 892.
Xothosterua, 892.

Gnidia, 922.

Lepidoturus, 980.

Gnidiopsis, 922.

Lerchea, 900.

Gomphrena, 884, 896,

Lerchia, 900.

Ocimum, 848, 851, 855,

897.

Leucadendron, 917.

857.

Gong y la, 800.

Leucas, 876.

Ocymum, 848, 854.

Leucax, 872.

Oldfieldia,, 963.

Leuc&rhaphis, 807.

Oncocalyx, 927.

Haaslundia, 860.

Linariopsis, 801.

Origanum, 874.

Hasskarlia, 974.

Lippia, 829.

Orthosiphon, 858.

Hebenstreitia, 825.

Lorantbus, 927, 1032.

Osvris, 938.

Hebenstretia, 825.

Lvmnitzfra, 857.

Ouret, 893.

Hcdteria, 911.

Lyama, 891.

Ovieda, 839.

Hemizvgia, 851.

Lytanthvs, 826, 827.

Oxygonum, 902.

Hermbstatdtia, 886.

Hermsteedtia, 886.

Hernandia, 915.

Macaranga, 981.

Paivrcusa, 963.

Hcrniaria, 883.

Madura, 1026.

Pandiaka, 894.

Heterophragma, 792.

Marcellia, 888.

Parietaria, 994.

Hiernia, 806.

Mallotus, 980.

Paronycbia, 883.

/fiZtera, 901.

Manihot, 973.

Paroiiychia, 884.

Hilleria, 900.

Manniopbyton, 972.

Pechudia, 826.

Hoslundia, 860.

Mappa, 981.

Peperomia, 912.

Hydnora, 910.

Maprounea, 985.

Persea, 915.

Hygrophila, 806.
Hymenocardia, 966.

Marqarocarpttt, 992
Markhamia, 791.

Persicarla, 903.
Peristrophe, 824.

Hypoestes, 824.

Martynia, 801.

Petalidium, 809.

Hypoestes, 820.

Mcreurialu, 976.

Phaulopxis, 811.

Hyptis, 872.

Melissa, 874.

Phaylflpxu, 811.

Mentha, 873.

Philbxerus, 897.

Ichnocarpus, 891.
Illecebrum, 892, 896, 897.

Mesosphasrum, 872.
Metula, 927.
Micranthus, 811.

Phlomis, 876, 879.
Phraqmanthera, 927.
PAyZa, 829, 830.

Intrusaria, 817.

Micrococca, 976.

Phylanthut, 957, 96U

Ipo, 1020.
Iresine, 893, 897.

Microdesmis, 967.
Micropiper, 912.

Phyllanthus, 957.

Isockflriste, 818.

Mirabilis, 881.

Phvtolacca, 901.

Mohlana, 900.

PiZra. 990.

Jatropha, 968.

Monechma, 822.
Monothecium, 819.

Pilostyles, 908.
Piper, 911.

Jatropha, 973.

Morus, 1027.

Pi^er, 912.

Justicia, 819.

-Von/*, 1026.

Pircunia, 901, 902.

1035

Plantago, 881.

Salix, 1030.

Tecoma, 790.

Platostoma, 854.

Salsola, 900.

Telanthera, 895.

Platystoma, 854.

Salsola, 900.

Thecacoris, 967.

Plectranthus, 860, 867,

Sal via, 874.

Thesium, 936.

871.

Sapium, 986.

Thunbergia, 801.

Pollichia, 883.

Schousbcea, 979.

Tinnea, 879.

Polygonum, 903 .
Pothomorphe, 911.

Sclerocephalus, 884.
Sclerochiton, 814.

Tithymalus, 950, 952.
Trag'ia, 984.

Pouzolzia, 992.

Securiner/a, 961.

Premna, 831.

Selago, 826.

Treculia, 1022.

Pretrea, 801.

Septimetula, 927.

Trema, 1029.

Protea, 917.

Sericocoma, 888, 889.

Trema, 1028.

Protaa, 917.
Pseudanthus, 892.
Pseuderanthemum, 818.

Sericocomopsis, 889.
Sesamopteris, 800.-
Sesamothamnus, 796.

Triclwstachys, 921.
Tripinnaria, 793.
Tristicha, 907.

Pseudobarleria, 809, 810.

Sesamum, 797.

Trymatococcus, 1024.

Pseudoblepharis, 814.
Ptilotrichum, 889.

Siphonanthus, 839.
Siphoneranthemum, 818.

Tubiflora, 805.

Psilotrichum, 894.

Sltodium, 1022.

Pterocliscus, 795.
Pupal, 891.

Soccus, 1021.
Solenostemon, 863.

Uapaca, 963.
Urera 986

Pupalia (Mart.), 890.

Sofor, 793.

Pnpalia (Juss.), 891.
Pycnanthus, 913.

Spathodea, 791.
Spathodea, 790-2.

Urostigma, 1002, 1003,
1005.

Pycnocoma, 983.

Spinacia, 897.

Urtica, 988-92.

Spironema, 844.

Urticastrum, 987.

Rademachia, 1021.

Sponia, 1029.

Utricularia, 785.

Raphanopsis, 902.
Rhinacanthus, 823.
Ricinocarpus, 976-9.
Ricinodendron, 971.
Ricinus, 983.
Rima, 1021.

Stachys, 874.
Stachytarplia, 830.
Stachytarpheta, 830.
Staudtia, 914.
Stenolobium, 790.
Streptocarpus, 789.

Valeriana, 883.
Valerianodes, 830.
Valerianoides, 830.
Verbeiia, 829-31.

Rivina, 900, 901.

fnucaa, JOO.

Viscum, 935.

Rogeria, 796.
Rostellularia, 820.

Syama, 891.
Sycnmorus, 1012, 1014,
1016.

Vitex, 834, 1032.
Volkameria, 797—800,

Rottlera, 980.
Ruellia, 808.
Ruellia, 807, 818.

Sycophila, 927.
Symphostemon, 867.

839.

Rumex, 905.

Whitfieldia, 811.

Tancecium, 793.

Saccus, 1022.

Tanarius, 981, 982.

Salicornia, 899, 900.

Tapinantkus, 927.

Xylophylla, 961.

Printed by HazM, Watson, & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury.

CATALOGUE

AFKICAN PLANTS

COLLECTED BY

DR. FRIEDRICH WELWITSCH

IN 1853-61.

VOL. L— DICOTYLEDONS.

BY

WILLIAM PHILIP HIEEN, M.A., F.L.S.,

CORRESP. MEM. R. ACAD. LISB.

LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.

SOLD BY

LONGMANS <fe CO., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW ;

B. QUARITCH, 15 -PICCADILLY ; DULAU <fc CO., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. ;
KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER, & CO., CHARING CROSS ROAD ;

AN'D AT THE

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.
1900.

[All rights reserved.']

DATES OF PUBLICATION OK THE SEVERAL PARTS OK THIS VOLUME.

PABT I., pp. i— xxvi, 1—336, was published Dec. 1896.

II., pp. 337—510, „ „ March 1898.

„ III., pp. 511—784, „ „ Dec. 1898.

„ IV., pp. 785 to end, is published August 1900.

LIST OF THE CURRENT

NATURAL HISTORY PUBLICATIONS

OF THE TRUSTEES OP THE

BRITISH MUSEUM.

The following publications can be purchased through the
Agency of Messrs. LONGMANS & Co., 39. Paternoster Row ;
Mr. QUARITCH, 15, Piccadilly ; Messrs. KEGAN PAUL,
TRENCH, TRUBNER & Co., Paternoster House, Charing
Cross Road ; and Messrs. DULAU & Co., 37, Soho Square,-
or at the NATURAL "HISTORY MUSEUM, Cromwell Road,
London, S.W.

Catalogue of the Specimens and Drawings of Mammals,
Birds, Reptiles, and Fishes of Nepal and Tibet. Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Musuem. 2nd
edition. By John Edward Gray. Pp. xii., 90. [With an
account of the Collection by Mr Hodgson.] 1863, 12mo.
2s. 3d.

Catalogue of the Mammalia and Birds of New Guinea in the
Collection of the British Museum. [With list of Species
of New Guinea Birds, and those of the neighbouring
Localities.] By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., and
George Robert Gray, F.L.S., Ac. Pp. 63. Woodcuts.
1859, 8vo. Is. 6d.

Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-
Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H.M.S. "Alert," 1381-2.
Pp. xxv., 684. 54 Plates. 1884, 8vo.

Summary of the Voyage ... By Dr. R. W. Coppinger.

Mammalia ,,0. Thomas.

Aves R. B. Sharpe.

Reptilia, Batrachia, Pisces

Mollusca

Echinodermata

Crustacea , ...

Coleoptera

Lepidoptera

Alcyonaria and Spongiida

A. Gunther.

E. A. Smith.

F. J. Bell.
E. J. Miers. -

C. 0. Waterhouse,
A. G. Butler
S. 0. Ridley.

M.

6152-2000—0/1900 Wt 650-1 P&S 9

4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OP THE

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued.

Vol. XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
Sturniformes, containing the families Artamidae,
Sturnidae, Ploceidae, and Alaudidae. Also the families
Atrichiidse and Menuridae. By R. Bowdler Sharpe.
Pp. xvi., 701. Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890,
8vo., II. 8s.

Vol. XIV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
Oligomyidce, or the families Tyrannidee, Oxyrham-
phidae, Pipridae, Cotingidae, Phytotomidse, Philepittidae,
Pittidae, Xenicidae, and Eurylaemidae. By Philip
Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xix., 494. Woodcuts
and 26 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1888, 8vo. II. 4s.

Vol. XV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum.
Tracheophonce. or the families Dendrocolaptidae,
Formicariida}, Couopophagidaj, and Pteroptochidae.
By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. xvii., 371.
Woodcuts and 20 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1890, 8vo. K

Vol. XVI. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection of
the British Museum. Ujnijitv ami Trochili, by Osbert
Salvin. Coracice, of the families Cypselidae, Capri-
mulgidse, Podargidae, and Steatornithidae, by Ernst
Hartert. Pp. xvi., 703. Woodcuts and 14 coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1892, 8vo. 11. 16*.

Vol. XVII. Catalogue of the Picariae in the Collection
of the British Museum. Coracice (contin.) and
Halcyones, with the families Leptosomatidse, Coraciidse,
Meropidae, Alcedinidae, Momotidae, Totidae and Coliidse,
by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Bucerotes and Trogones by
W. R. Ogilvie Grant. Pp. xi., 522. Woodcuts and 17
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1892, 8vo. 11. Ws.

Vol. XVIII. Catalogue of the Picarife in the Collection
of the British Museum. Scansores, containing the
family Picidae. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv., 597.
Woodcuts and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1.X90, 8vo. I/. 6s.

Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Picarias in the Collection of
the British Museum. Scansores and Coccyges : con-
taining the families Rhamphastidse, Galbulidse, and
Bucconidae, by P. L. Sclater ; and the families Indi-
catoridae, Capitonidae, Cuculid»3, and Musophagidae, by

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 5

Catalogue of the Birds in thy British Museum— continued.
G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii., 484 : 13 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891,
8vo. 11. 5s.

Tol. XX. Catalogue of the Psittaci, or Parrots, in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori.
Pp. xvii., 658 : Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1891,
8vo. 11 10s.

Vol. XXI. Catalogue of the Columbae, or Pigeons, in
the Collection of the British Museum. By T. Salvadori.
Pp. xvii., 676 : 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 11. 10s.

Vol. XXII. Catalogue of the Game Birds (Pterocletes,
Gallince, Opisthocomi, Hemipodii) in the Collection of
the British Museum. By W. R. Ogilvie Grant.
Pp. xvi., 585 : 8 coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 11. 6s.

Vol. XXIII. Catalogue of the Fulicarise (Rallidse and
Heliornithidae) and Alectorides (Aramidae, Eurypy-
gidae, Mesitidae, Rhinochetidae, Gruidae, Psophiidae,
and Otididae) in the Collection of the British Museum.
By R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 353 : 9 coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.]
1894, 8vo. 20s.

Vol. XXIV. Catalogue of the Limicolae in the Collection
of the British Museum. By R. Bowdler Sharpe,
Pp. xii., 794. Woodcuts and 7 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1896, 8vo.
II. 5s.

Vol. XXV. Catalogue of the Gaviae and Tubinares in
the Collection of the British Museum. Gavias (Terns,
Gulls, and Skuas,) by Howard Saunders. Tubinares
(Petrels and Albatrosses), by Osbert Salvin. Pp. xv.,
475 ; woodcuts and 8 coloured Plates. [With Syste-
matic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1896, 8vo. 11. Is.

Vol. XXVI. Catalogue of the Plataleae, Herodiones,
Steganopodes, Pygopodes, Alcae, and Impennes in the
Collection of the British Museum. Plataleae (Ibises
and Spoonbills) and Herodiones (Herons and Storks),
by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Steganopodes (Cormorants,
Gannets, Frigate-birds, Tropic-birds, and Pelicans),
Pygopodes (Divers and Grebes), Alcae (Auks), and Im-
pennes (Penguins), by W. R. Ogilvie -Grant. Pp. xvii.,
687 : Woodcuts and '14 coloured Plates. [With Sys-
tematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1898, 8vo. 11. 5s.

6 LIST OP PUBLICATIONS OP THE

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum — continued.
Vol. XXVII. Catalogue of the Chenoraorphae (Pala-
medeae, Phoenicopteri, Anseres), Crypturi, and Ratitae
in the Collection of the British Museum. By T.
Salvador!. Pp. xv., 636 : 19 coloured Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895, 8vo.
II 12s.

A Hand-list of the Genera and Species of Birds. [Nomen-
clator Avium turn Fossilium turn Viventium.] By R.
. Bowdler Sharpe, LL.D. :—

Vol. I. Pp. xxi., 303. [With Systematic Index.]
1899, 8vo. 10s.

Vol. II. Pp. xv., 312. [With Systematic Index, and
an Alphabetical Index to Vols. I. and II.] 1900,
8vo. 10s.

List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the
British Museum. By George Robert Gray : —

Part III., Section I. Ramphastid*. Pp. 16. [With
Index.] 1855, 12mo. 6d.

Part III., Section II. Psittacid*. Pp. 110. [With
Index.] 1859, 12mo. 2s.

Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonidae and Picida?.
Pp. 137. [With Index.] 1868, 12ino. Is. 6rf.

Part IV. Columbae. Pp. 73. [With Index.] 1856,
12mo. Is. 9d.

Part V. Gallinae. Pp. iv., 120. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] 1867, 12mo. Is. 6d.

Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific
Ocean in the Collection of the British Museum. By
George Robert Gray, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 72. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 8vo. Is. 6d.

REPTILES.

Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles, and Amphisbamians
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. J E.
Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. viii., 80. [With an Alphabetical
Index.] US44, 12mo. Ls.

Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British
Museum. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c.:—

Appendix. Pp. 28. 1872, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Part II. Emydosaurians, Rhynchocephalia, and Amphis-

bsenians. Pp. vi., 41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to.

OAT. 60.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 7

Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the
British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S., &c
Pp. iv., 124. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873,
8vo. 4s.

Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and
Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History).
New Edition. By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311.
73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. [With Systematic and
Alphabetical Indexes.] 1889, 8vo. 15s.

Catalogue of the Li/ards in the British Museum (Natural His-
tory). Second Edition. By George Albert Boulenger : —

Vol. I. Geckonidse, Eublepharidse, Uroplatidae, Pygo-
podidae, Agamidae. Pp. xii., 436. 32 Plates. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20s.

Vol. II. Iguanidae, Xenosauridae, Zonuridae, Anguidae,
Anniellidse, Helodermatidae, Varanidae, Xantusiidae,
Teiidae, Amphisbaenidae. Pp. xiii., 497. 24 Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885,
8vo. 20s.

Vol. III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytro-
pidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. Pp. xii., 575. 40
Plates. [With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical
Index to the three volumes.] 1887, 8vo. 11. 6s.

Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural
History). By George Albert Boulenger, F.R.S. :—

Vol. I., containing the families Typhlopidse, Glauconiidae,
Boidae, Ilysiidae, Uropeltidae, Xenopeltidae, and Colu-
bridae aglyphae, part. Pp. xiii., 448 : 26 Woodcuts
and 28 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1893, 8vo. 11. Is.

Vol. II., containing the conclusion of the Colubridae
aglyphae. Pp. xi., 382 : 25 Woodcuts and 20 Plates.
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1894,
8vo. 17s. 6d.

Vol. III., containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and
Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae.
Pp. xiv., 727 : 37 Woodcuts and 25 Plates. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index to the 3
volumes.] 1896, 8vo. 11. 6s.

Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 281.
[With Geographic, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.]

• 1858, 12mo. 4s.

8 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF

BATRACHIANS.

Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Collection c f the
British Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi., 160.
12 Plates. [With Systematic, Geographic, and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1858, 8vo. 6s.

FISHES.

Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Second
edition. Vol. I. Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the
British Museum. Vol. I. Containing the Centrarchidae
Percidae, and Serranidae (part). By George Albert
Boulenger, F.R.S. Pp. xix., 394. Woodcuts and 15 Plates
[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1895, 8vo.
15*.

List of the Specimens of Fish in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part I. Chondropterygii. By J. E. Gray.
Pp. x., 160. 2 Plates. [With Systematic and A 1 phabetical
Indexes.] 1851, 12mo. 3s.

Catalogue of Fish collected and described by Laurence
Theodore Gronow, now in the British Museum. Pp. vii.,
196. [With a Systematic Index.] 1854, 12mo. 3s. 6rf.

Catalogue of Apodal Fish in the Collection of the British
Museum. ByDr.Kaup. Pp. viii., 163. 11 Woodcuts and
19 Plates. 1856, 8vo. 10s.

Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish in the Collection of the
British Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &c. Pp. iv., 80.
4 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.

MOLLUSCA.

Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the
British Museum. Part 1. By John Edward Grav, Ph.D.,
F.R.S., &c. Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodcuts. 1857,*8vo. 5s.

List of the Shells of the Canaries in the Collection of the
British Museum, collected by MM. Webb and Berthelot
Described and figured by Prof. Alcide D'Orbigny in the
"Histoire Naturelle des lies Canaries." Pp. 32. 1854,
12mo. Is.

List of the Shells of Cuba in the Collection of the British
Museum collected by M. Ramon de la Sagra. Described
by Prof. Auude d'Orbigny in the " Histoire de 1'Ile de
Cuba." Pp. 48. 1854, 12mo. Is.

List of the Shells of South America in the Collection of the
British Museum. Collected and described by M. Alcide
D Orbigny in the "Voyage dans 1'Amerique Meridionale."
rp. 89. 1854 12mo. 2s.

BRITISH MtUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). §

Catalogue of the Collection of Maxatlan Shells in the British
Museum, collected by Frederick Reigen. Described by
Philip P. Carpenter. Pp. xvi., 552. 1857, 12mo. 8s.

List of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British
Museum, collected and described by MM. Eydoux and
Souleyet in the "Voyage autour du Monde, execute
"pendant les annees 1836 et 1837, sur la Corvette 'La
" Bonite,' " and in the " Histoire naturelle des Mollusques
" Pteropodes." Par MM. P. C. A. L. Rang et Souleyet.
Pp. iv., 27. 1855, 12mo. Sd.

Catalogue of the Phaneropneumona, or Terrestial Operculated
Mollusca, in the Collection of the British Museum. By
Dr. L. Pfeiffer. Pp. 324. [With an Alphabetical Index.]
1852, 12mo. 5s.

Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the
Collection of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr. Louis
Pfeiffer. Pp. iv., 192. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2s. Qd.

Catalogue of the Auriculidae, Proserpinidae, and Truncatellidae
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis
Pfeiffer. Pp. iv., 150. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. Is. 9d.

List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum.
By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c.
Part I. Volutidae. Pp. 23. 1855, 12mo. Qd.
Part II. Olividse. Pp. 41. 1865, 12mo. Is.

Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the
Collection of the British Museum. By M. Deshayes : —

Part I. Veneridse, Cyprinidae, Glauconomidae, and
Petricoladae. Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3s.

Part II. Petricoladae (concluded) ; Corbiculadae. Pp.
217-292. [With an Alphabetical Index to the two
parts.] 1854, 12mo. 6d.

BRACHIOPODA.

Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopoda or Lamp Shells in the
Collection of the British Museum. [ Issued as " Catalogue
of the Mollusca, Part IV."] Pp. iv., 128. 25 Woodcuts.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, 12mo. 3s.

POLYZOA.

Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part III. Cyclostomata. By George Busk,
F.R.S. Pp. viii., 39. 38 Plates. [With a Systematic
Index.] 1875, 8vo. 5s.

10 LIST OP PUBLICATIONS OP THK

CRUSTACEA.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in
the Collection of the British Museum. By C. Spence Bate,
F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 399. 58 Plates. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1862, 8vo. I/. 5s.

ARACHNIDA.

Descriptive Catalogue of the Spiders of Burma, based upon
the Collection made by Eugene W. Gates and preserved in
the British Museum. By T. Thorell. Pp. xxxvi., 406.
[With Systematic List and Alphabetical Index.] 1895,
8vo. 10s. 6d.

MYRIOPODA.

Catalogue of the Myriapoda in the Collection of the British
Museum. By George Newport, F.R.S., P.E.S., &c. Part I.
Chilopoda. Pp. iv., 96. [With an Alphabetical Index.]

1856, 12mo. 1*. 9d.

INSECTS.
Coleopterous Insects.

Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of
the British Museum : —

Part VI. Passalidae. By Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 23.
1 Plate. [With Index.] 1852, 12mo. Sd.

Part VII. Longicornia, I. By Adam White. Pp. iv.,

174. 4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. Qd.
Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237.

6 Plates. 1855, 12mo. 3s. 6rf.
Part IX. Cassididse. By Charles H. Boheman, Professor

of Natural History, Stockholm. Pp. 225. [With

Index.] 1856, 12mo. 3*.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the
Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Lycidse. By
Charles Owen Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 Coloured
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.!
1879, 8vo. 16s.

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon
Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xvi., 234 : 1 Plate. [With
a Topographical Catalogue and an Alphabetical Index.]

1857, 8vo. 3s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 11

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the
Collection of the British Museum. By T. Vernon
Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. Pp. xiii., 648. [With Topo-
graphical and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Catalogue of Halticidae in the Collection of the British
Museum. By the Rev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S.
Physapodes and CEdipodes. Part I. Pp. xii., 301.
Frontispiece and 9 Plates. 1860, 8vo. 7s.

Catalogue of Hispidse in the Collection of the British
Museum. By Joseph S.Baly.M.E.S.,&c. Parti. Pp.x.,
172. 9 Plates. [With an' Alphabetical Index.] 1858,
8vo. 6s.

Hymenopterous Insects.

List of the Specimens of Hymenopterous Insects in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker,
F.L.S. :—

Part II. Chalcidites. Additional Species. Appendix.
Pp. iv., 99-237. 1848, 12mo. 2s.

Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo. : —

Part I. Andrenidse and Apid?e. Pp. 197. 6 Plates.
1853, 2s. 6d.

Part II. Apidse. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1854, 6s.

Part III. Mutillidse and Pompilidse. Pp. 206. 6 Plates.
1855, 6s.

Part IV. Sphegidse, Larridie, and Crabronidae. Pp. 207-
497. 6 Plates. [With an. Alphabetical Index.] 1856,
6s.

Part V. Vespidae. Pp. 147. 6 Plates. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1857, 6s.

Part VI. Formicidse. Pp. 216. 14 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 6s.

Part VII. Dorylidse and Thynnidse. Pp. 76. 3 Plates.
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 2s.

List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the
Typical Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I.,
Tenthredinidse and Siricidae. By W. F. Kirby.
Pp. xxviii., 450. 16 Coloured Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 8vo. II. 18s.

12 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Dipterous

List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection
of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S.
Part VII. Supplement 1 1 1. Asilidae. Pp. ii., 507-775.
1855, 12mo. 3s. &d.

Lepidopterous Insects.

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British
Museum. By Sir George F. Hampson, Bart. : —
Vol. I. Catalogue of the Syntomidae in the Collection

of the British Museum. Pp. xxi., 559 : 285 Woodcuts.

[With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1898,

8vo. 15s.

Atlas of 17 Coloured Plates, 8vo. 15s.

Vol. II. Catalogue of the Arctiadae (Nolinae, Litho-

sianae) in the Collection of the British Museum.

Pp. xx., 589 : 411 Woodcuts. [With Systematic and

Alphabetical Indexes.] 1900, 8vo. 18s.
Atlas of 18 Coloured Plates (xviii.-xxxv.), 8vo. 15s.

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera
in the Collection of the British Museum : —

Part III. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xviii., 82.

41-60 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.]

1879, 4to. 21. 10s.
Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74.

78-100 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.]

1881, 4to. 21. 10s.

Part VI. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv., 89.
101-120 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic Index.]
1886, 4to. 21. 4s.

Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124.
121-1,°>8 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.]
1889, 4to. 21.

Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri
District, By George Francis Hampson. Pp. iv.. 1 11.
139-156 Coloured Plates. [With a Systematic List.]
1891, 4to. 21.

Part IX. The Macrolepidoptera Heterocera of Ceylon.
By George Francis Hampson. Pp. v., 182. 157-176.
Coloured Plates. [With a General Systematic List ol
Species collected in, or recorded from, Ceylon. 1 1893.
4to. 21. 2s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 13

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyridae in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner
Butler, F.L.S., &c. Pp. vL, 211. 5 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. 6t/.

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner
Butler, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. Is. M.

Specimen of a Catalogue of Lyc<enidae in the British Museum.
By W. C. Hewitson. Pp. 15. 8 Coloured Plates. 1862,
4to. II. Is.

List of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British
Museum. Part 1. Papilionidse. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S.
Pp. 106. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s.

List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker.
12mo. :—

Part XIX. Pyralides. Pp. 799-1036. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts XVI.-XIX.] 1859, 3s. 6rf.

Part XX. Geometrites. Pp. 1-276. 1860. 4s.

Part XXI. Pp. 277-498. 1860, 3s.

Part XXII. - Pp. 499-755. 1861, 3s. M.

Part XXIII. - Pp. 756-1020. 1861, 3s. &d.

Part XXIV. Pp. 1021-1280. 1862, 3s. Gd.

Part XXV. Pp. 1281-1477. 1862, 3s.

Part XXVI. Pp. 1478-1796. [With an

Alphabetical Index to Parts XX.-XXVI.] 1862, 4s. Qd.

Part XXVII. Crambites and Tortricites. Pp. 1-286.
1863, 4s.

Part XXVIII. Tortricites and Tineites. Pp. 287-561.
1863, 4s.

Part XXIX. Tineites. Pp. 562-835. 1864, 4s.

Part XXX. Pp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha-
betical Index to Parts XXVI I. -XXX.] 1864, 4s.

Part XXXI. Supplement. Pp. 1-321. 1864, 5s.

Part XXXII. Part 2. Pp. 322-706.

1865, 5s.

Part XXXIII. Part 3. Pp. 707-1120.

1865, 6s.

Part XXXIV. Part 4. Pp. 1121-1533.

1865, 5s. Qd.

Part -XXXV. Part 5. Pp. 1534-2040.

[With an Alphabetical Index to Parts XXXI-
XXXV,] 1866, 7s,

14 LIST OP PUBLICATIONS OF THE

Neuropterous Insects.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker.
12mo. :—
Part I. Phryganides— Perlides. Pp. iv., 192. 1852,

2s. 6d.
Part II. Sialidae— Nemopterides. Pp. ii., 193-476.

1853, 3s. 6d.
Part III. Termitidae— Ephemeridae. Pp. ii., 477-585.

1853, Is. 6d.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. H. Hagen.
Part I. Termitina. Pp. 34. 1858, 12mo. &d.

Orthopterous Insects.

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the
British Museum. Part I. Phasmidae. By John Obadiah
Westwood, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index]. 1859, 4to. 3/.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Blattariae in the Collection of
the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c.
Pp. 239. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. Qd.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria [Part I.]
and Supplement to the Blattariae in the Collection of the
British Museum. Gryllidae. Blattariae. Locustidse. By
Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 224. [With an Alpha-
betical Index.] 1869, 8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the
Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker.
F.L.S., &c.~

Part II. Locustidse (continued). Pp. 225-423 [With
an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Part III. Locustidae (continued). — Acrididse. Pp. 425-
604. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 4s.

Part IV. Acrididae (continued). Pp. 605-809. [With
an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 6s.

Part V. Tettigidae.— Supplement to the Catalogue of
Blattariae. — Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera
Saltatoria (with remarks on the Geographical Distri-
bution of Dermaptera). Pp. 811-850; 43- 116
[With Alphabetical Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 6s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 15

Hemiptei'iiu-x Insects.

Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in
the Collection of the British Museum. By Francis Walker,
F.L.S., &c. 8vo. :—

Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1867. 5s.

Part II. Scutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1867. 4s.

Part III. Pp. 418-599. [With an Alphabetical Index to
Parts I., II., III., and a Summary of Geographical
Distribution of the Species mentioned.] 1868. 4s. 6rf.

Part IV. Pp. 211. [Alphabetical Index.] 1871. 6s.

PartV. Pp.202. 1872. 5s.

Part VI. Pp.210. 1873. 5s.

Part VII. Pp.213. 1873. 6s.

Part VIII. Pp.220. 1873. 6s. 6d.

Homopterous Insects.

List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collec-
tion of the British Museum. By Francis Walker. Supple-
ment. Pp. ii., 369. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858,
12mo., 4s. 6d.

VERMES.

Catalogue of the Species of Entozoa, or Intestinal Worms,
contained in the Collection of the British Museum. By
Dr. Baird. Pp. iv., 132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of
the Animals in which the Entozoa mentioned in the
Catalogue are found, and an Index of Genera and
Species.] 1853, 12mo. 2s.

ANTHOZOA.

Catalogue of Sea-pens or Permatulariidae in the Collection of
the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv.,
40. 2 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. Is. Qd.

Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection
of the British Museum. By J. E. Gray, F.R.S., &c.
Pp. iv., 51. 14 Woodcuts. 1870, 8vo. 3s.

Catalogue of the Madreporarian Corals in the British
Museum (Natural History) : —

Vol. I. The Genus Madrepora. By George Brook.
Pp. xi., 212. 35 Collotype Plates. [With Systematic
and Alphabetical Indexes and Explanation of the
Plates.] 1893, 4to, 11, 4s,

16 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OP THE

Vol II. The Genus Turbinaria ; the Genus Astrseopora.
By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Cantab., F.L.S., F.Z.S.
Pp. Iv., 106. 30 Collotype and 3 Lithographic Plates.
[With Index of Generic and Specific Names, and
Explanation of the Plates.] 189(5, 4to. 18s.

Vol. III. The Genus Montipora ; the Genus Anacro-
pora. By Henry M. Bernard, M.A. Pp. vii., 192. 30
Collotype and 4 Lithographic Plates. [With Syste-
matic Index, Index of Generic and Specific Names,
and Explanation of the Plates.] 1897. 4to. II. 4s.

BRITISH ANIMALS.

Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British
Museum. By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e.
Pp. xii., 248. " [With a List of Species.] 1863, 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the
British Museum. Second edition. Part I. Andrenidae
and Apidae. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. New Issue.
Pp. xi., 236. 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alpha-
betical Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidse, and
Vespidae in the Collection of the British Museum. By
Frederick Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 12mo. 6s.

A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the
Collection of the British Museum. By George Johnston,
M.D., Edin., F.R.C.L., Ed., LL.D., Mariechal Coll., Aber-
deen, &c. Pp. 365. Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1865, 8vo. 7s.

Catalogue of the British Echinoderms in the British Museum
(Natural History). By F. Jeffrey Bell, M.A. Pp. xvii., 202.
Woodcuts and 16 Plates (2 Coloured). [With Table of
Contents, Tables of Distribution, Alphabetical Index,
Description of the Plates, Ac.] 1892, 8vo. 12s. 6d.

List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection
of the British Museum : with Synonyma and References
to figures. 12mo. : —

Part IV. Crustacea. By A. White. Pp. iv., 141. (With
an Index.) 1850. 2s. tk/.

Part V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 2nd Edition.
Revised by H. T. Stainton and E. Shepherd. Pp. iv.,
224. 1856. Is. 9d.

Part VI. Hymenoptera. By F. Smith. Pp.134. 1851. 2s.
Part VII. Mollusca, Acephala and Brachiopoda. By
Dr, J, E. Gray. Pp. iv., 167. 1851. 3s. &/,

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 17

Part VIII. Fish. By Adam White. Pp. xxiii., 164.
(With Index and List of Donors.) 1851. 3s. 6d.

Part IX. Eggs of British Birds. By George Robert
Gray. Pp. 143. 1852. 2s. 6d.

Part XI. Anoplura, or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny.
Pp. iv., 51. 1852. Is.

Part XII. Lepidoptera (continued). By James F.
Stephens. Pp. iv., 54. 1852. 9d

Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera By
Frederick Smith. Pp. iv., 74. 1853. Is. 4d.

Part XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera Bv Adam
White. Pp. iv., 16. 1853. 667.

Part XV. Nomenclature of Diptera, 1. By Adam
White. Pp. iv., 42. 1853. Is.

Part XVI. Lepidoptera (completed). Bv H. T. Stainton.
Pp.199. [With an Index.] 1854. 3s.

Part XVII. Nomenclature of Anoplura, Euplexoptera,
and Orthoptera. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 17.
1855, Qd,

PLANTS.

Illustrations of the Botany of Captain Cook's Voyage Round
the World in H.M.S. " Endeavour " in 1768-71. By the
Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart,, K.B., P.R.S.,' and
Dr. Daniel Solander, F.R.S. With Determinations by
James Britten, F.L.S, Senior Assistant, Department of
Botany, British Museum. Part I.*— Australian Plants.
10 L Copper-plates [after paintings by F. P. Nodder], with
31 pages of descriptive text. 1900, fol. 25s.

Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. Friedrich
Welwitsch in 1853-61.— Dicotyledons. By William Philip
Hiern, M.A., F.L.S., &c. :—

Part 1. [Ranunculaceas to Rhizophoracese.] Pp. xxvi.,
336. [With Portrait of Dr. Welwitsch, Introduction,
Bibliography, and Index of Genera.] 1896, 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Part II. Combretacege to Rubiaceae. Pp. 337-510.
[With Index of Genera.] 1898, 8vo. 4s.

Part III. Dipsacese to Scrophulariacere. Pp. 511-784.
[With Index of Genera.] 1898, 8vo. 5s.

Vol. II., Part I. Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms.
By Alfred Barton Rendle, M.A., D.Sc. F.L.S., Assistant.
Department of Botany. Pp. 260. [With Index of
Genera.] 1899, 8vo, 6s,

6152 8

]X LIST OP PUBLICATIONS OP THE

A Monograph of Lichens found in Britain : being a Descrip-
tive Cea?alo-ue of the Species in the Herbarium of the
British Muleuin. By the Rev. James M C^mwie;^'
F L S , F.G.S., &c. Part I. Pp. vm., 519 : 74 Woodcuts.
[With Glossary, Synopsis, Tabular Conspectus, and Index.]

1894, 8vo. 16s.

A Monograph of the Mycetozoa : being a Descriptive Catalogue
of the Species in the Herbarium of the British Museum
By Arthur Lister, F.L.S. Pp. 224. 78 Plates and 51
Woodcuts. [With Synopsis of Genera and List of Species,
and Index.] 1894, 8vo. 15s.

List of British Diatomace* in the Collection of the British
Museum. By the Rev, W. Smith, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 55.
1859, 12mo. Is.

FOSSILS.

Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum
(Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. :—

Part I. Containing the Orders Primates, Chiroptera,
Insectivora, Carnivora, and Rodentia. Pp. xxx., 268.
33 Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 5s.

Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder
Artiodactyla. Pp. xxii., 324. 39 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 6s.

Part III. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders
Perissodactyla, Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Ambly-
poda. Pp. xvi.,186. 30 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species,
including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 4s.

Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder
Proboscidea. Pp. xxiv., 235. 32 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species, including Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 5*.

Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders
Sirenia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata,
and Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345. 55 Woodcuts.
[With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1887,
8vo. 6s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Birds in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii., 368.
75 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891,
8vo. 10s. Qd,

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 19

Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British
Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A.,
F.G.S. :—

Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithosauria, Crocodilia,
Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Pro-
terosauria. Pp. xxviii., 309. 69 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. 7s. 6W.

Part II. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and
Sauropterygia. Pp. xxi., 307. 85 Woodcuts. [With
Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of Genera
and Species, including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. Gd.

Part III. Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii.,
239. 53 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including
Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7s. Qd.

Part IV. Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Ecaudate*
Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia ; and Supplement.
Pp. xxiii., 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index, Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species,
including Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo.
7s. 6*

Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural
History). By Arthur Smith Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S. :•—

Part I. Containing the Elasmobranchii. Pp. xlvii.,
474. 13 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical
Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.]
1889, 8vo. 21s.

Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii),
Holocephali, Ichthyodorulites, Ostracodermi, Dipnoi,
and Teleostomi (Crossopterygii and Chondrostean
Actinopterygii). Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and
16 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index, and Systematic
Index of Genera and Species.] 1891, 8vo. 21s.

Part III. Containing the Actmopterygian Teleostomi
of the Orders Chondrostei (concluded), Protospondyli,
Aetheospondyli, and Isuspondyli (in part). Pp. xlii.,
544. 45 Woodcuts and 18 Plates. [With Alphabetical
Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.]
1895, 8vo. 21s.

Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene
and ,Eocene Mollusca in the British Museum (Natural
History), with references to the type-specimens from
similar horizons contained in other collections belonging

20 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THK

to the Geological Department of the Museum. By Richard
Bullen Newton, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 365. [With table of
Families and Genera, Bibliography, Correlation-table,
Appendix, and Alphabetical Index.] 189.1, 8vo. Os.

Catalogue of Tertiary Mollusca in the Department of Geology,
British Museum (Natural History). Part I. The Austra-
lasian Tertiary Mollusca. By Georsre F. Harris, F.G.S., etc.
Pp. xxvi., 407. 8 Plates. [With Table of Families, Genera,
and Subgenera, and Index.] 1897, 8vo. 10s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum
(Natural History) :—

Parti. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea,con-
sisting of the families Orthoceratidae, Endoceratidae,
Actinoceratidse, Gomphoceratidas, Ascoceratidffl,
Poterioceratidae, Cyrtoceratidae, and Supplement. By
Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. Pp. xxxi., 344. 51 Woodcuts.
[With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888,
8vo. 10s. 6d.

Part II. Containing the remainder of the Suborder
Nautiloidea, consisting of the families Lituitidae,
Troohoceratidae, Nautilidse, and Supplement. By
Arthur H. Foord, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 407. 86 Wood-
cuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.]
1891, 8vo. 15s.

Part III. Containing the Bactritidae, and part of the
Subarder Amraonoidea. By Arthur H. Foord, Ph.D.,
F.G.S., and George Charles Crick, A.R.S.M., F.G.S.
Pp. xxxiii., 303. 146 Woodcuts. [With Systematic
Index of Genera and Species, and Alphabetical Index.]
1897, 8vo. 12s. 6d.

List of theTypes and Figured Specimens of Fossil Cephalopoda
in the British Museum (Natural History). By G. C. Crick,
F.G.S. Pp. 103. [With Index.] 1898, 8vo. 2s. 6d.

A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms
and the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By
Henry Woodward, F.R.S. Pp. xii., 155. [With an
Alphabetical Index.] 1877, 8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Bryozoa in the Department of
Geology, British Museum (Natural History): —

The Jurassic Bryozoa. By J. W. Gregory, D.Sc., F.G.S.,
F.Z.S. Pp. [viii.,] 239 : 22 Woodcuts and 11 Plates.
[With List of Species and Distribution, Bibliography,
Index, and Explanation of Plates.] 1896, 8vo. 10s.

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 21

The Cretaceous Bryozou. Vol. I. By J. W. Gregory,
D.Sc., F.G.S., F.Z.S. Pp. xiv., 457 : 64 Woodcuts
arid 17 Plates. [With Index and Explanation of
Plates.] 1899, 8vo. 16s.

Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department of
the British Museum (Natural History), with an account of
the morphology and systematic position of the group, and
a revision of the genera and species. By Robert Etheridge,
jun., of the Department of Geology, British Museum
(Natural History), and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Sc., F.R.S.,
F.L.S. (of Eton College). Pp. xv., 322. 20 Plates. [With
Preface by Dr. H. Woodward, Table of Contents, General
Index. Explanations of the Plates, &c.] 1886, 4to. 25s.

The Genera and Species of Blastoidea, with a List of the
Specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). By
F. A. Bather, M.A., F.G.S., of the Geological Department.
Pp. x., 70. 1 Woodcut. 1899, 8vo. 3s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Sponges in the Geological Department
of the British Museum (Natural History). With descrip-
tions of new and little known species. By George
Jennings Hinde, Ph.D., F.G.S. Pp. viii., 248. 38 Plates.
[With a Tabular List of Species, arranged in Zoological
and Stratigraphical sequence, and an Alphabetical Index.]
1883, 4to. IL 10s.

Catalogue of the Fossil Foraniinifera in the British Museum
(Natural History). By Professor T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S.,
&c. Pp. xxiv., 100. [With Geographical and Alphabetical
Indexes.] 1882, 8vo." 5s.

Catalogue of the Palaeozoic Plants in the Department of
Geology and Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural
History). By Robert Kidston, F.G.S. Pp. viii., 288.
[With a list of works quoted, and an Index.] 1886
8vo. 5s.

Catalogue of the Mesozoic Plants in the Department of
Geology, British Museum (Natural History). The Wealden
Flora. By A. C. Seward, M.A., F.G.S., University Lecturer
in Botany, Cambridge : —

Part I. Thallophyta— Tteridophyta. Pp. xxxviii., 179 :
17 Woodcuts and 11 Plates. [With Preface by Dr.
Woodward, Alphabetical Index of Genera, Species, &c.
Explanations of the Plates, &c.] 1894, 8vo. 10s.

Part -II. Gymnospermae. Pp. viii., 259. 9 Woodcuts
and 20 Plates. (With Alphabetical Index, Explana-
tions of the Plates, &c.] 1895, 8vo. 15s.

22 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE

GUIDE-BOOKS.
(To be obtained only at the Museum.}

Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia in the Department of
Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History). 6th
Edition. Pp. 120. 57 Woodcuts and 4 Plans. Index.
1898, 8vo. 6d.

Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Depart-
ment of Zoology of the British Museum (Natural History).
4th Edition. Pp. iv.,119. 101 Woodcuts. Index. 1898. 8vo.6rf.

A Guide to the Fossil Mammals and Birds in the Department
of Geology and Palaeontology in the British Museum
(Natural History). 7th Edition. [By Henry Woodward.]
Pp. xii., 103. 116 Woodcuts. [With List of Illustrations,
Table of Stratified Rocks, and Index.] 1896, 8vo. Gd.

A Guide to the Fossil Reptiles and Fishes in the Department
of Geology an:l Palaeontology in the British Museum
(Natural History). [By Henry Woodward.] Pp. xiv.,
129 : 165 Woodcuts. [With List of Illustrations, Tabl*
of Stratified Rocks, ami Index.] 1896, 8vo. Qd.

A Guide to the Fossil Invertebrates and Plants in the
Department of Geology and Palaeontology in the British
Museum (Natural History). [By Henry Woodward.]
Pp. xvi., 158. 182 Woodcuts. [With List of Illustrations,
Table of Stratified Rocks, Introduction, and Index.] 1897,
8vo. is.

The same, in two parts : —

Part I. Mollusea to Bryozoa. Pp. xii., 64. 107 Wood-
cuts. [With List of Illustrations, Table of Stratified
Rocks, and Introduction.] 1897, 8vo. 6d.

Part II. Insecta to Plants, &c. Pp. ix., 64*-158.
Woodcuts 108-182. [With List of Illustrations and
Index to the two parti.] 1897, Svo. 6d.

Guide to Sowerby's Models of British Fungi in the Depart-
ment of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). By
Worthington G. Smith, F.L.S. Pp. 82. 93 Woodcuts.
With Table of Diagnostic Characters, and Index.
[2nd Edition.] 1898, 8vo. 4d.

Guide to the British Mycetozoa exhibited in the Department
of Botany, British Museum (Natural History). By Arthur
Litster, F.L.S. Pp. 42. 44 Woodcuts. Index. 1895,
Svo. 3d.

A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum
(Natural History). £By L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S.] Pp. 32.
Plan. 1898,.8vo.l£

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY.) 23

The Student's Index to the Collection of Minerals, British
Museum (Natural History). [By L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S.]
Pp. 34. With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery. 1899,
8vo. 2d.

An Introduction to the Siudy of Minerals, with a Guide to
the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural
History). By L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. 123.
41 Woodcuts. With Plan of the Mineral Gallery and
Index. 1897, 8vo. 6d.

An Introduction to the Study of Rocks. By L. Fletcher, M.A.,
F.R.S. Pp. 118. [With plan of the Mineral Gallery, Table
of Contents, and Index.] 1898, 8vo. 6d.

An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of
the Meteorites represented in the Collection. By L.
Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S. Pp. 95. [With a Plan of the
Mineral Gallery, and an Index to the Meteorites repre-
sented in the Collection.] 1896, 8vo. 6d.

E. RAY LANKESTER,
Director.

British Museum

(Natural History),
Cromwell Road,

London, S.W.
July 1st, 1900.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE.
BT DARLING & SON, LTD., 34-40, BACON STREET. E.

1900.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES

THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
This book is DUE on the last date stamped belot

LOS Aiio.. • /
LIBRARY

420 Brit, museum.

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pt.4

Dopt* of bot.-

_C<atalogu9 of.

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A 000315833 4

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