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K e phi OF THE 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA 


IN THE 
COLLECTION 


OF THE 


BRITISH MUSEUM Nat Wot) 


we 


Laer. of ZoOo\o 4 . 


BY 


DR. ALBERT GUNTHER. 


Pe anion 23 
Bo ii 
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oe ein 


LONDON: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 
1858. 


PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, 
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, 


PREFACE. 


Tue object of this Catalogue is to give a description of all the species 
of Tail-less Batrachians (Batrachia Suleontin) in the Collection of the 
British Museum, with an indication of their history and origin, and 
an account of the species to be found in other Collections which are 
desiderata to the National Museum. 

Dr. Giinther observes :—“ The system according to which I have 
arranged the Batrachia Anura in the Collection of the British Museum 
differs in many respects from those hitherto employed. I have 
explained, in a paper in the ‘ Proceedings of the Zoological Society,’ 
1858, p. 339, the reasons which have induced me to subordinate the 
character of the maxillary teeth to that of the dilated or tapering 
toes, in dividing the section Opisthoglossa. By so doing we obtain 
two parallel series, in each of which corresponding members occur 
in regular succession. I am not afraid of separating these animals 


into too many families, and have established them even for one or two 


A2 


iv PREFACE. 
genera, where the characters seemed sufficient. As ye! we know 
little (except of the borders) of Africa, Australia, and Tropical America, 
and there are but few collectors who have directed particular 
attention to this class of animals. Thus we may not only affirm 
with some certainty that many families at present poor in species 
will soon be enriched, but we may even venture to prognosticate that 
at least some of the missing forms, which I have pointed out, will 
be discovered. The progress made in our knowledge of the Batrachia 
Anura during the last fifty years may be seen at once by the following 
comparison of the number of species given by different authors :— 
DRAWN LEO 2 © einckt te suthcsttprs:s OA 51 species. 
Pechwoi in FSS 260 cee faecal ace ot Mt 110 species. 
Duméril & Bibron (vol. ix.) in 1854 .. 164 species. 
The present Catalogue in 1858 ...... 280 species. 

‘There are, besides, many species which I could not introduce into 
this Catalogue, on account of the imperfect descriptions given of their 
systematic characters. 

“Dr. J. E. Gray has collected in his MSS. (the free use of which, 
with his usual kindness, he has permitted me) diagnoses of many 
species from papers scattered through various journals, and so directed 
my attention to species which I might otherwise have overlooked. 
He proposed to arrange these animals into two groups, according to 


the form of the diapophysis of the sacral vertebra. I fully acknow- 


PREFACE. Vv 
ledge the systematic importance of this character, but I consider it 
to be of subordinate value. 

“T have to return my best thanks to my friend and fellow-collegian 
Eduard vy. Martens, M.D., for supplying me with detailed accounts 
of species in the Berlin Museum which are wanting in this Collection. 

“ Finally, I cannot forbear noticing a very bad practice, now pre- 
valent, by which new species run the risk of being overburdened 
- with synonyms, and thrown from the first into a state of confusion, 
In several of the large Collections new species remain named for 
years, without being established in a regular way by published 
descriptions. These names are then brought before the public by 
occasional visitors, especially by dealers, who often apply them to 
specimens of quite another species, without any further notice 
where or by whom they were given. Little better is the practice 
of publishing lists of species, where the new ones are named 
without any diagnosis. If an author does not choose to give science 
the benefit of his knowledge of a new species, why not mention 
it as ‘ Liophis, n. sp.,’ ‘ Hyperolius, n. sp.,’ ‘ Bufo, n. sp.,’ instead - 
of Lnophis regalis, X, Hyperolius gigas, Y, Bufo anomalus,Z? It 
is by such malpractice that species come to have, from the origin, 
different names in different countries. Wherever I have met with 
specimens bearing such a name, I have accepted it when well chosen, 


or when I have been able to discover where or by whom it was 


vi PREFACE. 


given; but having now found that such names are en joined to 
species for which they were not originally intended by the authors, 
I intend henceforth to reject them altogether, and not to introduce 
them into the synonymy unless published with a proper diagnosis. 
«The number of specimens in the Collection of the British 
Museum, contained in this Catalogue, amounts to 1691. 
“T am able to vouch for the correctness of the plates, which were 


executed by Mr. Ford under my inspection.” 


JOHN EDWARD GRAY. 


British Museum, 
July 1, 1858. : 


SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES 


OF THE 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA 
OR 


ANURA. 


A. Without tongue: AGLOSSA. 


I. Ear perfectly developed; eustachian tubes united; cavum 
tympani entirely bony. Aglossa haplosiphona. 


a. Maxillary teeth. 


1. With webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra, 
and without paratoids. 1. DacryLeTHRip». 


6. No maxillary teeth. 


1. With webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra, 
and without paratoids. 2. Prpmwz. 


IJ. Ear imperfectly developed ; eustachian tubes separated ; cavum 
tympani absent. Aglossa diplosiphona. 


a. With two large horizontal fangs in the intermaxillary bone. 
3. MyosarracHip. 


vili REPTILES. 


B. Tongue adherent in front, more or less free behind: 
OPISTHOGLOSSA. 


I. Fingers and toes tapering or cylindrical, not dilated at the end. 
Opisthoglossa oxydactyla. 


a. Maxillary teeth. 
aa. Ear perfectly developed. RANINA. 


a. No paratoids. 
aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated. 


1. Toes webbed. 4, Ranipz. 

2. Toes free. 5. CysrigNATHIDZ, 
BB. Sacral vertebra dilated. 

1. Toes webbed. 6. DiscoeLossip z. 

2. Toes free. 7. ASTEROPHRYDIDZ. 


_ B. With paratoids. 
(aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated ?) 
BB. Sacral vertebra dilated. 
1. Toes webbed. 8. ALyTipz. 
2. Toes free. 9. UPEROLIIDA. 


bb. Ear imperfectly developed. BOMBINATORINA. 
a. No paratoids. 
aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated. 
1. Toes webbed. 10. BoMBINATORIDZ. 


b. No maxillary teeth. 
aa. Ear imperfectly developed. BRACHYCEPHALINA. 
a. No paratoids. 
(aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated ?) 
GB. Sacral vertebra dilated. 
1. Toes webbed. 11. PHRyNiscipz. 
2. Toes free. 12. BRacHYCEPHALIDE. 


bb. Ear perfectly developed. BUFONINA. 
a. No paratoids. 


(aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated ?) 
BB. Sacral vertebra dilated. 


1. Toes webbed. 13. RaINODERMATID. 
2. Toes free. 14. ENGYSTOMATID&. 


$B. With paratoids. 
(aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated ?) 
BB. Sacral vertebra dilated. 


1. Toes webbed. 15. Buronipz. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES, ix 
II. Fingers and toes dilated into a disk. Opisthoglossa platy- 
dactyla. 


a. Maxillary teeth. 
aa. Ear perfectly developed. HYLINA. 


a. No paratoids. 
aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated. 


1. Toes webbed. 16. PotyPpEDATIDA. 

2. Toes free. 17. Hytopipz. 
GB. Sacral vertebra dilated. 

1. Toes webbed. 18. Hytmwz. 


QB. With paratoids. 
(aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated ?) 
23. Sacral vertebra dilated. 
1. Toes webbed. 19. PreLopRYADIDZz. 
2. Toes free. 20. PHYLLOMEDUSIDA. 


bb. Ear imperfectly developed. MICRHYLINA. 


a. No paratoids. 
(aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated ?) 
33. Sacral vertebra dilated. 
1. Toes webbed. 21. MicruyLip2. 


b. No maxillary teeth. 
(aa. Ear imperfectly developed ?) 


bb. Ear perfectly developed. HYLAPLESINA. ~“ 
a. No paratoids. 
aa. Sacral vertebra not dilated. 
1. Toes free. 22. HyYLAPLEsID®. 
BB. Sacral vertebra dilated. 
1. Toes free. 23. BrRacHYMERIDZ%. 
2. Toes webbed. 24, HyitmpactyLip®. 


C. Tongue free in front. PROTEROGLOSSA. 


a. No maxillary teeth. 
aa. Ear imperfectly developed. 


a. With paratoids. 
aa. Sacral vertebra dilated. 
1. Toes webbed. 25. RHINOPHRYNIDZ. 


SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 


The names of those authors are marked who first gave the specific - 


denomination. 


The number at the end of the name indicates the number of specimens 


in the Museum Collection. 


The new genera and species are marked with a *. 


A. AGLOSSA. 


First Series. 
AGLOSSA HAPLOSIPHONA. 


Fam. 1. DAcTYLETHRID. 


a. Dactylethra, Cuv. 
A eS VIS; OC te. 5 386 arial 6 
2. miilleri, Peters 


Fam. 2. Premp®. 


a. Pipa, Laur. 
1.-americana, Laur. ........ 6 


Second Series. 
AGLOSSA DIPLOSIPHONA. 


Fam. 1. 


a. Myobatrachus, Schleg. 
1. paradoxus, Schieg. 


MYoBATRACHIDZ, 


B. OPISTHOGLOSSA. 


First Series. 
OPISTHOGLOSSA OXYDAC- 
TYLA. 


Section I. RANINA. 
Fam. 1. RanipZ. 


a. Pseudis, Wagl. 
1. paradoxa, L............. 
He arn, Cire on oeno.6o i 
6. Oxyglossus, Tschudi. 
1. lima, Tsch. 
2. *levis, Gthr. 
c. Tomopterna, Bibr. 
dL. sadspersascBibt. vache vist) 4 
2. delalandii, Bibr. ........ 
3. marmorata, Peters 
4. natalensis, Smith (App.).. 2 


(Rana subsigillata, Dum. .. 0) | 


d. Rana, auct. 


L. oui; Schley. os (G 
2, macrodon, Kaahl eS creat 6 
3. vittigera, Wiegm. ...... 45 
4, tigrina, Daud. .......... 35 
5. grunniens, Daud......... 1 
6. hexadactyla, Less. ...... 23 
(f leschenaultii, D. Bae J 
7a 


occipitalis, Gthr. (App.) 11 
8. eee Schleg. ... hs y “ 2 
9. esculenta, Poi occa: 

10. halecina, Kalm.......... 

1L. palustris, Leconte........ 2 

12. clamata, Dawde is oo. 8 

12a, horiconensis, Holbr. oe 2S , 


15. mugiens, Merrick 0 vee 
14, lecontei, Bt GS. Sie 6 
15, temporaria, L.n...0 Poe 69 
16. *superciliaris, Gthr....... rE 
17. bibronii, Hallow. ........ & 
1G .igenayly ISmn2the. Ms, Fal oe 10 
19. mascareniensis, D. et B... 2 
20. fuscigula, D.et B. ...... 10 
21. oxyrhynchus, Sundev..... 4 
22. galamensis, D. et B....... 0 
23. delalandiil, D. et B. ...... 9 
24. fasciata, Bote .......... 12 
e. Calyptocephalus, Bibr. 
1. prey, ebrtaes seeaaieate 1 
f. Cyclorhamphus, Tschudi. 
1. marmoratus, D. et B. .... 22 


g. Pithecopsis, Bibr. 
1. fuliginosus, Bibr......... 0 
h, Limnocharis, Bell. 


1, fuscus, Bell vee ioe 1 
2. Hylorhina, Bell. 

1, silvatica, Bel. ss we 1 
k. Pyxicephalus, Tschudi. 

1, americanus, D. ef B. .... °4 


SYSTEMATIC INDEX. Xi 


i. Ceratophrys, Bove. 


Bm coramta, Teil i 3 
Be WOieig WAGE Ni... 8 6 
3. megastoma, Spix ........ 0 
PAGEM IO Sos a aoa 0 aye + 
m. Heteroglossa, Hallow. 
1. africana, Hallow. ........ 0 
n. Stenorhynchus, Smith. 
1. natalensis, Sm..........% 1 
Fam. 2. CysTiGNATHID&. 
a. Cystignathus, Wag. 
eee lpia Ba es asoumdle ct. 32 
2. caliginosus, Gar. ........ 7 
8. fuscus, Schneid. 0.0.05... 9 
AV eraciis, Diet Be icv! sini: 4 
5. schomburgkii, Trosch.... . 1 
6. tzoniatus, Gar... ise eu.. 0 
2..ormatus, Holor..< Jsaewnd?. 1 
7a. roseus, D. et B.(App.).. 0 
8. nodosus, D. et B......... 2 
9. senegalensis. DS ci Bin we) ..G 6 
10. argyreivittis, Peters ...... 0 
11. georgianus, Bibr......... 18 


(Borboroccetes erayl, Bell) i 
(Borboroccetes bibronii, Bell) 1 
6. Pleurodema, Tschudi. 


1. labyrinthicum, Spiz...... 6 

2. butonium, Bell.......... 2 

3. bibronii, Tschudi ........ 18 
ce. Limnodynastes, Fitz. 

1. dorsalis, a: PL ieeeeuet. 3 5 

la. peronii, D. et B.(App.).. 1 

2. *tasmaniensis, Gite ons LO 

3. ornatus, Gray .......... 2 
d. Leiuperus, D. et B. 

. marmoratus, D.et B. .... 1 

2. sagittifer, Schm. (App.).. 0 

Se, be Bell) Peele ree 1 

Arthroleptis, Sm. (App.) 

1. wahlbergii, Sm. ........ 1) 
Fam. 5. DiscogLossipm. 
a. *Chiroleptes, Gthr. 

1. australis, Gray.......... 2 
b. Pelodytes, Fitz. 

1. punctatus, Daud. ........ 4 
C. Discoglossus, Otth. 

T; pictus, Ohi >in! . 11 
d. Leptobrachium, Zschedz. 

1, hasseltii, Mil... 000. 1 
e. Megalophrys, Kuhl. 

1. montana, Kuhl .......... 4 


Fam. 4. ASTEROPHRYDID 2. - 


a. Ceratophryne, Schieg. ore") 
1. nasuta, Schleg. .....4..... 


c. Uperodon, D. et B. 


b. Asterophrys, Tschudi. 


1. turpicola, Mill. ........ 0 
Fam. 5. ALYTID”. 
a. Alytes, Wagl. 
"1. obstetricans, Laur. ...... 6 
6. Scaphiopus, Holbr. 

1. solitarius, Holbr. ........ 2 
ce. Heleioporus, Gray. 

1. albopunctatus, Gray .... 10 
Fam. 6. Uprroxiup. 
a, Uperoleia, Gray. 

1. marmorata, Gray........ 1 


Section Il. BoMBINATORINA. 
Fam. 1. Bomprnatoripz. 


a. Pelobates, Wagl. 
1s ee Leouur. 


i igneus, Bisel. 2a Soles Sihat fi 
ce. Alsodes, Bell. 

iL, monticols, Bell... od - 1 
d. Telmatobius, Wiegm. 

1. peruvianus, Wiegm. .... 0 


Sect. II. BRACHYCEPHALINA. 
Fam. 1. Puryniscip®. 
a. Phryniscus, Wiegm. 


1. nigricans, Wiegym. ...... 5 
2. "levis, Cama shes Ie 3) 
oe CYUGIfer. Marie Mami 6 


Sa. bibronii, Schmidt (App.) 1 


4, varius, Stann. .......... 0 

by olfersit, Digrt.0'f 2 Te. 0 
Fam. 2. BRACHYCEPHALID2. 
a. is eel cites Fitz. 

1. australis, ‘Gray. 00.00. 6: 2 

2 bibronil; De ehiBey ev. 5 
b. Brachycephalus, Fitz. 

1. ephippium, Spiz ........ 13 
c. *Hemisus, Githr. 

1. guttatum, Rapp ........ 6 

? marmoratum, Peters.... 0 


Section IV. BuFONINA. 
Fam. 1. RHINODERMATID®. 


a. Rhinoderma, D. et B. 
Le carwinit eDNeiebenaee fi 


b. Atelopus, D. et B. 
1. flavescens, D. et B. 


1. marmoratum, Ci. 


xii 


d. *Diplopelma, Gthr. 


1. ornatum, D. ef B........- 24 
Fam. 2. ENGysTOMATID. 
a. Engystoma, Fritz. 
1. ovale, Schnetd. .......+.. 1 
2. carolinense, Holbr. ...... 8 
3. rugosum, D. et B. ...... 1 
4, microps, D. et B......... 0 
b. Breviceps, Merr. 
“1. verrucosus, Rapp........ 3 
2. gibbosus, L. ....... sees 3 
c. Chelydobatrachus, Gray. 
1. gouldii, Gray .......... 3 


Fam. 3. BuronIp&. 


a. Kalophrynus, Tschudi. 
1. pleurostigma, Mus. Leyd.. 1 


b. Schismaderma, Smith (App.). 7 t 


HE, icamens, Sits citar. «'s s50 «xe 
c. Bufo, auct. 
1, vulgaris, Lawn. .......se 30 
2. chilensis, Tschudi........ 1 
3. *anomalus....1....0.- 1 
3a. simus, Schmidt (App.) .. _9 
4. calamita, Laur.......++ g2tsls 
5. viridis, Laur... ec eeee ces 34 
6. pantherinus, Bove........ 28 
(angusticeps), Smith .... 6 
(gariepensis, Smith ...... 2) 
7. guineensis, Mus. Leyd. .. 6 
8. *tuberosus, Gthr......6.- 2 


9. celebensis, Mus. Leyd.... 3 


10. melanostictus, Schneid. .. 47 
11. asper, Mus. Leyd. ...... 3 
12. biporcatus, Schleg. ...... 2 
13. cruentatus, Mus. Leyd. .. 1 
14, i808, Dest can asewns 0 
14a. *kelaartii, Gthr.(App.).. 4 
15. lentiginosus, Shaw ...... 46 
15a. *intermedius, Gthr.(App.) 4 
16. leschenaultii, Babr. ...... 0 
17. *ocellatus, Githr. ........ i! 
18. ornatus, Spor wcseeeeaee 32 
19. agua, Latr. ccc eevee dt 
20. nebulifer, Gir. .....0005. 6 
21. peltocephalus, Brbr....... 4 
22. d’orbignyi, D. et B....... 6 
22a. veraguensis, Schnudt (App.) 0 
23. granulosus, Spia ......-- 8 
24. gutturosus, Latr......... 8 
25. *sternosignatus, Gthr..... 5 


25a. pleuropterus,Schmidt(A pp.) 9 
d. Otilophus, Cuv. 
1. margaritifer, Zaur. ...... 14 


SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 


Second Series. 
OPISTHOGLOSSA PLATY-- 
DACTYLA. 


Section I. HyLIna. 
Fam. 1. PoLyPEDATIDZ. 


a. Acris, D. et B. 
1, gryllus, Leconte ........ 
2. pickeringii, Holbr. ...... 
b. Hylarana, Tschudt. 
1. *macrodactyla, Gthr. .... 
la. malabarica, D. et B. (App.) 
2. erythreea, Schleg......... 
3. chalconota, Schleg. ...... 
4, albolabris, Hallow. ...... 
5. madagascariensis, Dum. .. 
c. Ixalus, D. et B. 


0 


6 
12 
8 
3 
6 
0 


1. aurifasciatus, Schleg. + 
2. .*variabilis, Gthr. vies 12 
3. leucorhinus, Mart. ...... 0 
4, peecilopleurus, Mart. .... 0 
5..*natator,) Gohinsts\-lhna ve 3 
6. *guttatus, Gihr. ..... 065 1 
d. Polypedates, D. et B. 
1. *microtympanum, Githr... 15 
2. maculatus, Gray ......+. 53 
3. quadrilineatus, Wiegm. .. 22 
4, *appendiculatus, Gthr.... 1 
5..*eques, Gthro osc cede es 11 
6. biirgeri, Schleg........... 0 
7. *schlegelii, Gthr......... 3 
8, *afghana, Gthre ci. s va 3 
9. goudotii, Bibr.........-. 4 
10. junghuhnii, Bleeker 0 
e. Rhacophorus, Kuhl. 
1. reinwardtii, Bove ........ 5 
2. *maxintus, Goa: eee 4 
3. *pardalis, Gthr.......... -6 
f. Cornufer, Tschudi. 
1. -unicolor, Dseh eee 0 
2. dorsalis, Dum. oie Seeks 0 
g. Elosia, Tschudt. 
L,masus, Da0nie se ee an eee 1 
h. Chiromantis, Peters. 
1. xerampelina, Peters ...... 0 
t. Hyperolius, Rapp. 
1. viridiflavus, D. et B. 2 
2. marmoratus, Rapp ...... 21 
3. horstockii, Schleg........ 6 
4, *parallelus, Gthr......... 3 
5. *guttulatus, Gthr. ...... 3 
6. fornasinii, Biane......... 0 
7. teniatus, Peters: tswiiaree 0 
8, argus, Peters... i. ..e ss 0 
9. flavoviridis, Peters ...... 0 
10. tettensis, Pefers ........ 0 
11. marginatus. Peters ...... 0 


SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 


12. modestus, Schleg.(App.).. 2 
13, madagascariensis, D. et B. 0 
14, *ocellatus, Gthr. .......- 2 
15. *plicatus, Gthr. ..++.+++ 2 
16. seychellensis, Tschudi .... 0 
(Eucnemis bicolor, Gray)... . ie 
k. *Leptopelis, Gthr. 
1, natalensis, Sm. (App.) 11 
Fam. 2, HyLopipz. 
a. Crossodactylus, D. et B. 
1. gaudichaudii, D. et B..... 0 
b. Phyllobates, Bibr. 
1. bicolor, Bibr. . 1... eee 0 
2. melanorhinus, Berthold .. 9 
ce. Hylodes, Fitz. 
1. lineatus, Schneid........+ 14 
2. martinicensis, Bibr....... 15 
3. ricordii, D. et B. .......- 3 
4, oxyrhynchus, D. et B..... 0 
5. laticeps, Dum. .....-+++- 0 
6. *conspicillatus, Gthr. .... 1 
6a. fitzingeri, Schmidt (App.) 
7. luteolus, Gosse .......+++- + 
8. leptopus, Bell ......++-- 1 
d. *Platymantis, Gthr. 
1. vitiana, Bibr. 1. eee eee 4 
2. *plicifera, Gthr. ......-- 4 
Fam. 3. HyLip#. 
a. Litoria, Tschudi. 
1. freycineti, Bibr. ......-- it 
2. nasuta, Gray. ....e.e0e: 3 
3. punctata, Dum. (App.) .. 0 
4, marmorata, Dum. eas 70 
b. Pseudacris, Fvtz. 
1. nigrita, Leconte .......-- 2 
ce. Hyla, Laur. 
1. albomarginata, Spor...... 15 
2. langsdorfii, D. et B....... 4 
8. geographica, Spir ...+.. ij 
4, pardalis, Spar ....+++.-- 9 
5. maxima, Laur......++++: 3 
5a. pugnax, Schmidt (App.).- 0 
6, xerophylla, D. et B.....-. 2 
7. *fasciata, Gthr. ....++-> 1 
8, doumercii, D. et B......- 0 
9. punctata, Schneid. .....- 0) 
10. aa, Dh By 3 video 0 
11. *multifasciata, Gthr. 3 
12. boans, Daud......0.+- 00s 0 
13. levaillantii, D. et B....... 0 
14, *lichenosa, Gthir........- 10 
15. eynocephala, D. et B..... 0 
16. versicolor, Daud. .......+ 24 


17. venulosa, Laur. .....+.- 10 
18. marmorata, Laur......... 2 
19. corticalis, Burm. ........ 0 
90. carolinensis, Penn. ...... 6 
21. agrestis, Bell............ 3 
92. prasina, Burm. .... aici: 0 
93. baudinil, Doet BS. dita. 15 
24, capistrata, Reuss ........ 0 
24a, splendens, Schmidt (App.) 9 
965. vauterti, Bors ..o ia: che if 
26. aurantiaca, Daud........- il 
Di. LUBED, LRMSD oihalacaka’ slates © «is z 
28. luteola, Wied .......... 0 
O29 -arbexety Ln Unehiauctstls 209 60 
30. *euphorbiacea, Gthr. .... 6 
30a. molitor, Schmidt (App.).. _0 
Bilbrail yin JOUEGhe ee .c noon doe 16 
So, ZOOL, Dinh ny wiaiate « series 0 
33. leucomelas, D. et B....... 1 
34, squirella, Daud. ........ 1 
35. ewingii, D. et B. ........ 20 
36, rubella, Grayre, diver 3 
37. leucophyllata, Beireis .... 2 
38. *rhodopepla, Githr. ...... 1 
39. peronii, Bibr, .......... 3 
40, adelaidensis, Gray ...... 26 
Al, jervisiensis, D. et B. .... 9 
AD... PUFA, LESS) oss wseleate aeier 52 
43. verreauxil, Dum......... 0 
44, citropus, Péron.........- 0 
d. *Nototrema, Gthr. 
1. marsupiatum, D. et B..... 19 
e. Opisthodelphys, Gthr. 
l. ovatera, (PV Cte o05o ihswin 1 
f. Trachycephalus, D. e¢ B. 
1. marmoratus, Bibr.. . 040s 15 
2. geographicus, D. et B... 2 
3. dominicensis, Tschudi.... 4 
4, lichenatus, Gosse........ 10 
Fam. 4, PELODRYADID#. 
a. *Pelodryas, Gthr. 
1, cxeruleus, White ........ 18 
Fam. 5. PHYLLOMEDUSID#. 
a. Phyllomedusa, Wagl. 
1. bicolor, Boddaert........ 20 
Section Il. MicRHYLINA. 
Fam. 1. MicRHYLID®. 
a. Micrhyla, D. et B. 
1. achatina, Bove .......4.. 1 


xiv 
Section III. HyLAPLESINA. 


Fam. 1. HyLa/pactTyLip~, 


a. Kaloula, Gray. 
1. baleata, Mill. 
2. pulchra, Gray 
S, pacta,. Debris A. \f2 evel < 


CMEC Cust hye hg 


Fam. 2. BRACHYMERID®. 


a. Brachymerus, Smith. 
1. bifasciatus, Smith... ..... 


Fam. 3. HyLAPLESID&®. 


a. Hylaplesia, Bove. 
1. tinctoria, Schneid. 


5 


| 


| 


| 


GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 


2. picta, Tschudi 
3. speciosa, Schmidt 
4. pumilio, Schmidt 
5. lateralis, Gay 


Ss es te De 
oes ye wee 
Ce ee 


ane ae ee 6 ne 


C. PROTEROGLOSSA. 


Section I. RHINOPHRYNINA. 


Fam. 1. RuinopHRyYNIDZ. 


| a. Rhinophrynus, D. et B.. 


1. dorsalis, Dit Bos cintigutk 


GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 


PALASARCTIC REGION. 


Rana rugosa. 
esculenta. 
temporaria. 

Pelodytes. 

Discoglossus. 

Alytes. 

Pelobates. 


Bombinator. 
Bufo vulgaris. 
calamita. 
viridis. 
pantherinus. 
Polypedates schlegelii. 
Hyla arborea. 


INDIAN REGION. 


Oxyglossus. 
Rana kublii. 
macrodon. 
vittigera. 
tigrina. 
unniens. 
exadactyla. 
leschenaultii. 
(esculenta. 
temporaria. ) 
Leptobrachium. 
Megalophrys. 
Ceratophryne. 
Asterophrys. 
Uperodon. 


Diplopelma. 
Bufo vulgaris. 
celebensis. 
melanostictus. 
asper. 
kelaartii. 
biporcatus. 
cruentatus. 
isos. 
Kalophrynus. 
Hylarana macrodactyla. 
malabarica. — 
erythrea. 
chalconotus. 
Ixalus. 


6 


GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX. XY. 


Polypedates microtympanum. 
maculatus. 
quadrilineatus. 
appendiculatus. 
- eques. 
biirgeri. 


Polypedates afehana. 
Bis horus. 3 
Cornufer dorsalis. 
Platymantis plicifera. 
Micrhyla. 

Kaloula. 


NORTH AMERICAN REGION. 


Rana halecina. 
palustris. 
clamata. 
horiconensis. 
mugiens. 
temporaria. 
(var. silvatica.) 
Cystignathus ornatus. 
Scaphiopus. 


Engystoma carolinense. 

Bufo chilensis (Californ. ). 
lentiginosus. 

Acris. — 

Pseudacris. 

Hyla versicolor. 
carolinensis. 
squirella. 


NEOTROPICAL REGION. 


Pipa. 
Pseudis. 
Rana lecontei. 
Calyptocephalus. 
Cyclorhamphus. 
Pithecopsis. 
Leiuperus. 
Limnocharis. 
Hylorhina. 
Pyxicephalus. 
Ceratophrys. 
Cystignathus ocellatus. 
caliginosus. 
fuscus. 
gracilis. 
roseus. 
schomburgkii. 
teeniatus. 
nodosus, 
Pleurodema. 
Alsodes. 
Phryniscus. 
Brachycephalus. 
Rhinoderma. 
Atelopus. 
Engystoma. 
Bufo chilensis. 
anomalus. 
simus. 
lentiginosus (Mexico). 
intermedius. 
leschenaultii. 
ocellatus. 
ornatus. 


Bufo agua. 
nebulifer. 
peltocephalus. 
d’orbignyi. 
veraguensis. 
granulosus. 
gutturosus. 
sternosignatus. 
pleuropterus. 

Otilophus margaritifer. 

Elosia. 

Crossodactylus. 

Phyllobates. 

Hylodes. 

Hyla albomarginata. 
langsdorfii. 
geographica. 
pardalis. 
maxima. 
pugnax. 
xerophylla. 
fasciata. 
doumercii. 

unctata. 
eprieurii. 
boans. 
levaillantii. 
lichenosa. 
eynpcepnale 
versicolor (Mex. ). 
venulosa. 
marmorata. 
corticalis. 
agrestis. 


Xvi 


Hyla prasina. 
baudinii. 
capistrata, 
splendens. 
vauterii. 
aurantiaca. 
fusca. 
luteola. 
euphorbiacea. 
molitor. 
rubra. 


Dactylethra. 
Tomopterna. 
Rana occipitalis. 
superciliaris. 
bibronii. 
gray 
mascareniensis. 
fuscigula. 
oxyrhynchus. 
galamensis. 
delalandii. 
fasciata. 
Heteroglossa. 
Stenorhynchus,. 


Cystignathus senegalensis. 


argyreivittis, 


Myobatrachus. 


Cystignathus georgianus. 


Limnodynastes. 
Chiroleptes. 
Heleioporus. 
Uperoleia. 
Pseudophryne. 
Chelydobatrachus. 
(Eucnemis) bicolor. 
Litoria. 

Hylarana erythreea. 


GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX. 


Hyla zebra. 
leucomelas. 
leucophyllata. 
rhodopepla. 

Nototrema. 

Opisthodelphys. 

Trachycephalus. 

Phyllomedusa. 

Hylaplesia. 

faanepie rae 


JETHIOPIAN REGION. 


Arthroleptis. 
Hemisus. 
Breviceps. 
Schismaderma. 
Bufo pantherinus. 
angusticeps. 
guineensis. 
tuberosus. 
Hylarana albolabris. 
madagascariensis. 
Polypedates goudotii. 
Chiromantis. 
Hyperolius. 
Leptopelis. 
Brachymerus. 


AUSTRALIAN REGION. 


Cornufer unicolor. 
Platymantis vitianus. 
Hyla ewingii. 
rubella. 
peronii. 
adelaidensis. 
jervisiensis. 
aurea. 
citropus. 
Pelodryas. 


CATALOGUE 


or 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 


Suborder I. BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 


Body short, depressed, without any tail. 


A. AGLOSSA. 


Barracuta SaLrentra seu Anovra without tongue. 


First Series. AGLOSSA HAPLOSIPHONA. 


Actossa with the eustachian tubes united into one pharyngea 
orifice. 


Fam. 1. DACTYLETHRIDZ. 


HaptosrpHona with maxillary teeth, webbed toes, and with the 
processes of the sacral vertebra dilated. 


1. DACTYLETHRA. 


Head flat, rounded in front; no teeth in palate; tympanum 
hidden; paratoids none; eustachian tubes united into one orifice 
in the middle of palate, large. Fingers four, pointed, quite free ; 
toes five, broadly webbed, the first three provided with a sharply 
pointed nail. Diapophyses of sacral vertebra much dilated. Back 
in both sexes smooth. Western and Southern Africa. 

Dactylethra, Cuv. Regne Anim.; Tschudi, Classif. der Batrach. p. 55, 
89; Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 762. 
B 


y 


2 REPTILES. 


Xenopus, Wagl. Isis, 1827, p. 726, and Syst. Amph. p. 199. 
Leptopus, sp., Mayer, Anal. p. 34. 

Pipa, sp., Merr. Tent. p. 180. 

Bufo, sp., auet. prior. 


1. Dactylethra levis. 


Bufo levis, Daud. Hist. Rain. p. 85. pl. 80. f.1, and Rept. viii. p. 171. 

Pipa levis, Merr. Tent. p. 180. 

bufonia, zd. 1. ¢. 

Leptopus oxydactylus, Mayer, Anal. p. 34. 

Dactylethra capensis, Cuv. Regne Anim.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 765. 
eo. 1. 1. 

ee boiei, Wagl. Isis, 1827, p. 726, and Syst. p. 199, 

Dactylethra boiei, Tschudi, 1. e. 


Ashy brown, veined with blackish. Tarsus and metatarsus with- 
out any tubercle or spur. 


a. Large specimen: female. Port Natal. Presented by the Rev. 
H. Calloway. 

6. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Frank’s Collection. 

c, d. Half-grown. West Africa. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 

e. Large specimen: stuffed. Cape of Good Hope. 


2. Dactylethra miulleri. 


Peters, Monatsber. der Berlin. Acad, 1844, p. 387, and Wiegm. Arch. 
1855, p. 58; Hallow. Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. 1857, p. 65. 


Black above, dark brown below; a cutaneous appendage below 
the eye; a spur at the base of the first toe. Mozambique; Gaboon. 


Fam. 2. PIPIDA. 


HaptostpHona without maxillary teeth, with webbed toes, and 
with the processes of the sacral vertebra dilated. 


1, .PIPA. 


Head short, broad, very flat, triangular; teeth none in jaws nor 
in palate; tympanum hidden; paratoids none; eustachian tubes 
united, in the middle of palate, very small. Fingers four, each 
ending in four appendages; toes five, simple at the tip, broadly 
webbed. Sacral vertebra much dilated. Female with pouches on 
the back. 8. America. 


Pipa, Laur. Syn. 1788; Merr. Tent. p. 179; Cuv. Régne Anim. ; 
Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 767. 

pean Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 199; Tschudi, Class. Batrach. 
p. 89. 

Leptopus, sp., Mayer, Anal. p. 34. 

Bufo, sp., Rana, sp., auet. prior, 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 3 


1. Pipa americana. 


Pipa americana, Seda, i.77. 1-4; Laur, Syn. p. 25; Cuv. Régne Anim. ; 
Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 773, pl. 92. f. 2; Merian, Ins. Sur. t. 59. 

Rana pipa, Linn. Mus. Ad. Fried. p. 121, and Syst. Nat. p. 854; Daub. 
Encycl. Méth. Erpét. p. 662; Lacép. Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 600; Bonnat. 
Encycl. p. 14; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 167. pl. 50,51; Blumenb. Abbildg. 
t. 86; Breyer, Observ. Anat. Diss. Pres. Rudolphi, Berl. 1811; 
Mayer, Nov, Act. 1825, p. 527. t. 49. 

—— dorsigera, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 121. t. 1, 2. 

Bufo dorsiger, Latr. Rept. ii. p. 120; Daud. Hist. Rain. p. 85, and 
Rept. viii. p. 172. 

Pipa tedo, Merr. Tent. p. 179. 

curucuru, Spix, Spee. Nov. t. 22. f. 1, 2. 

Leptopus asterodactylus, Mayer, Anal. p. 34. 

Pipa dorsigera, Gravenh. Delie. p. 70. 

Asterodactylus pipa, Wagl. Syst. p. 199; Tschudi, 1. c, p. 89. 


Olive-brown or blackish, beneath whitish, sometimes spotted. 


a. Skeleton. Tropical America, 

b. Female with young on the back. ‘Tropical America. 

c. Female with young on the back. ‘Tropical America. 

d. Male. Tropical America. Belly black, white-spotted. 

e. Male, British Guiana. Presented by Sir R. Schomburgk. Belly 
pale, with a dark central streak. 


Second Series. AGLOSSA DIPLOSIPHONA. 


Aatossa with separated ostia pharyngea of the eustachian tubes. 


Fam. 1. MYOBATRACHIDA. 
Only one genus. 
1. MYOBATRACHUS. 


Teeth none, except two large horizontal fangs in the intermax- 
illary bone; tympanum hidden; paratoids nome; eustachian tubes 
not united, behind the eyes. Fingers four, cylindrical, tapering ; 
toes five, not webbed. Sacral vertebra ? 


Myobatrachus, (Schlegel) Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 9, and Ann. 
Nat. Hist. 1851, p. 70. 
1. Myobatrachus paradoxus. 
(Schlegel) Gray, 1. c. 


Above brownish grey, beneath greyish. Swan River. 


REPTILES, 


B. OPISTHOGLOSSA. 


Barracuta SatrentrA seu ANnouRA with a tongue, adherent in 


front and more or less free behind. 


First Series. OPISTHOGLOSSA OXYDACTYLA. 


OprstHoGLossA with tapering or cylindrical fingers and toes. 


Section I. Ranina. 


O, oxypactyLa with maxillary teeth and well-developed ear. 


Fam. 1. RANIDZ. 


Ranrna with webbed toes, cylindrical processes of sacral vertebra, 


and without paratoids. 


5) 


10 


Synopsis of the Genera. 


. Pseudis. First finger opposite to the three others. South 


America. 


Oxyglossus. Toes entirely webbed; vomerine teeth none. East 
Indies. 


. Tomopterna. Toes half-webbed; a flat sharp-edged spur on the 


metatarsus; lower jaw with two bony prominences. South 
Africa. 


. Rana. No finger opposite to the others; one or two blunt 


tubercles on the metatarsus; crown covered with a soft skin ; 
tongue deeply nicked behind; vomerine teeth. Cosmopolitan. 


. Spherotheca. Head with swollen spherical occiput; toes half- 


webbed; a flat sharp-edged spur on the metatarsus. East 
Indies. 


Calyptocephalus. Crown with a rugose shield; vomerine teeth 
in a straight line, in the middle interrupted. Chili. 


. Cyclorhamphus. Toes half-webbed; vomerine teeth in two 


groups; tongue entire behind. Chili. 


. Pithecopsis. A large gland on each side; vomerine teeth in 


two oblique series; tongue entire behind. Brazil. 


. Leiuperus. Toes webbed only at the base; skin granular; no 


vomerine teeth. South America. 


). Limnocharis. Toes webbed only at the base; skin smooth; 


no vomerine teeth. Brazil. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 5 


11. Hylorhina. Vomerine teeth in one straight uninterrupted 
series; tongue entire behind. Chili. 


12, Pyxicephalus. Toes half-webbed; a flat sharp-edged spur on 
the metatarsus; vomerine teeth in one straight line, inter- 
rupted in the middle. Tropical America. 


13. Ceratophrys. Edge of upper eyelid more or less produced into 
a point, so as to form a long horn or only a triangle. South 


America. 


14, Heteroglossa. No vomerine teeth; tongue deeply notched 
behind, attached by a cylindrical pedicel at the centre. West 
Africa, 


1. PSEUDIS. 


Skin smooth. Fingers four, quite free, pointed, the first opposite 
to the following; toes entirely webbed. Tongue subcircular, entire 
behind; palatine teeth in a nearly uninterrupted straight line be- 
tween the inner nostrils ; eustachian tubes small; tympanum rather 
indistinct. Males with subgular vocal sac. South America. 


Pseudis, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 203; Tschudi, Batr. p. 80; Dum. & 
Bibr. viii. p. 327. 

Proteus, Lawr, Syn. Rept. p. 36. 

Rana, sp., auct. prior. 


1. Pseudis paradoxa. 


Rana piscis, Mertan, Ins. Sur. t. 71; Linn. Mus. Ad. Fried. p. 49; 
Edwards, Phil. Trans. li. p. 658. f. 15 a, 6; Seba, i. 78. 15-21. 

paradoxa, Linn. Syst. Nat.; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 120. pl. 86; Daud. 
Ran. p. 67. pl. 22, 23, and Rept. viii. p. 180; Merr. Tent. p. 176; 
Cuv. Regne Anim.; Gravenh. Delic. p. 84; Griff. Animal Kingd. 
ix. p. 893. 

Proteus raninus, Laur. Syn. p. 86; Daub. Quadr. Ovip. p. 640; 
Bonnat. Erpét. p.5; Lacép. Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 547; Latr. Rept. 
li. p. 162. 

Pseudis paradoxa, Wagl. Syst. p. 203; Tschudi, Batr. p. 80. 

meriane, Dum. § Bibr. p. 380. pl. 86. f. 2. 


Snout tapering, rather pointed in front; no white streak behind 
the eye, nor on the sides. 


a. Larva. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock. 

b. Larva. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock. 

c. Larva. Demerara. [resented by Dr. Hancock. 

d. Larva. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock. 

e. Larva: bad state. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock. 
f-h. Larva. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock. 

2. Larva. Demerara. From Mr. Snellgrove’s Collection, 

k. Larva. Demerara. From Mr. Snellgrove’s Collection. 

7, Adult. Demerara. Presented by Captain Sabine. 


6 REPTILES. 


m-p. Larve. South America. 

q. Larva. South America. 

r-t. Larve. South America. 

u, v. Larva and adult. South America. 

w. Adult: stuffed. South America. 

a, Adult: stuffed. South America. Presented by Mr. Leadbeater. 


2. Pseudis minuta. 


Snout rather broad, depressed, rounded in front. An oblique 
white streak from the back edge of eye to the angle of mouth; a 
white stripe from the shoulder to the hypochondrium. 


a. (Half-grown?): male. South America. Presented by Charles 
Darwin, Esq. 


This species agrees in nearly all its characters with Ps. paradowa, 
but is at once distinguished by its much smaller size, our specimen 
being only one-sixth of the size of a young Ps. paradoxa which has 
not quite lost the tail. Above brown, with darker spots; belly 
white, with some small irregular brown spots; inner side of legs 
with waved brown longitudinal bands; two white streaks on each 
side as mentioned. Vomerine teeth in a nearly uninterrupted 
straight line. On each side of the tongue a long cleft for two sepa- 
rated internal subgular vocal sacs (perhaps united in full-grown 
specimens). Length from the snout to anus 1"; hinder foot twice 
as long as body. 


s 


2. OXYGLOSSUS. 


Skin with warts or nearly smooth. Fingers quite free; toes 
webbed to their tips by a very extensible membrane ; tongue rather 
elongate, not notched behind; vomerine teeth none; eustachian 
tubes small; tympanum indistinct. East Indies. 


Oxyglossus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 85; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 382. 


1. Oxyglossus lima. 


Bombinator lima, Mus. Lugd. Bat. et Francof. 
Oxyglossus lima, Tschudi, Bat. p. 85; Dum. § Bibr. p. 334. pl. 86. £.4. 


Skin covered with small conical tubercles; beneath with symme- 
trical rows of prominent pores; tongue elongate, produced in a 
pointed end behind; metatarsus with two tubercles; above brown, 
sometimes with a paler dorsal streak. 


a-c. Adult and half-grown. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. ah 


2. Oxyglossus levis. (Pxare I. fig. A.) 


Skin smooth, with a few scattered, small, smooth tubercles; 
tongue ovoid, rounded, not pointed behind; metatarsus with only 
one tubercle. Brown, darker variegated, with or without dorsal - 
streak ; beneath whitish, throat brown-spotted. 


a. Adult. Philippine Islands. With yellowish dorsal streak. 
6. Adult. Philippine Islands. Without yellowish dorsal streak. 


3. TOMOPTERNA. 


Head large and thick, muzzle short; extremities moderate. 
Tongue large, oval, free, and deeply nicked behind. Vomerine 
teeth in two oblique series. Lower jaw with two bony promi- 
nences. Eustachian tubes small; tympanum distinct. Fingers 
free; toes half-webbed; a flat sharp-edged spur on the metatarsus. 
Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. South Africa. 


Pyxicephalus, sp., Tschudi, Batr. p. 83; Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 442. 
Tomopterna, Bibron, Mus. Paris. 


1. Tomopterna adspersa. 
Pyxicephalus adspersus, (Bibr.) Tschudi, Batr. p. 84; Dum. § Bibr. 
p- 444; Smith, Ill. of S. Africa, Rept. pl. 49. 

Lower jaw with two large, bony, tooth-like prominences in front ; 
legs as long as body ; skin of the back with longitudinal folds. Olive, 
very finely white-spotted, with a white vertebral line. 

a. Very large specimen. Stuffed. Africa, 
b. Very large specimen. Stuffed. Africa. 


2. Tomopterna delalandii. 


Pyxicephalus delalandii, oe) Tschudi, 1.c.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 445. 
pl. 87. f. 1; Smith, le. pl. 2 
Lower jaw with two very weak bony prominences; legs as long 
as body ; skin of the back with smooth rounded warts. Olive, darker 
marbled, with one, sometimes with three white dorsal streaks. 


a. Adult. South Africa. Presented by A. Smith, M.D. 
6. Adult. South Africa. 


3. Tomopterna marmorata. 
Pyxicephalus marmoratus, Peters in Wiegm. Archiv, 1855, p. 56. 


Legs longer than body ; snout obtuse ; tympanum small; brownish 
green, obscurely marbled with brown. 
Boror ; Mozambique. 


Rana subsigillata, A. Duméril in Guérin-Meéneville’s Revue et 
Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 560, appears to belong to this genus.-— 
Hab, Gaboon. 


8 REPTILES. 


4. RANA. 


Habit generally moderate; fingers quite free; toes more or less 
webbed, generally with broad web ; skin smooth, or with cutaneous or 
glandular folds, sometimes with flat, in one species with rough tuber- 
cles ; never a large, paratoid-like gland; vomerine teeth in two series 
or groups. Tongue large, oblong, free, and deeply notched behind. 
Tympanum generally distinct. Metatarsus with one or two blunt 
tubercles. Males with two lateral vocal sacs, exceptionally wanting. 
Cosmopolitan. 


Rana. auctorum. 
Rana et Strongylopus, Zschudi, Batr. p. 78, 79. 


1. Rana kuhlii. 
Rana kuhlii, Schleg. Mus. Lugd, Batav.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 384. 


Muzzle short; tympanum indistinct; skin with longitudinal or 
transverse plaits; toes with slightly swollen tips, broadly webbed ; 
metatarsus with only one tubercle; vomerine teeth small, in two 
oblique series, convergent behind; lower jaw with two very promi- 


nent, pointed, fang-like apophyses in front. A yellowish cross band 
between the eyes. 


A. With longitudinal plaits. 
a. Half-grown. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 


B. With transverse plaits. 


6. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
c. Young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
d, Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


C. Upper parts with small warts, each with a horny spine. Per- 
haps a species. 


e. Large female. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection.—This 
specimen exhibits only two blunt prominences in the lower jaw ; 
but the form of all the parts is the same as in the other speci- 
mens; there is also a lighter indistinct cross band between the 
eyes, and this difference may prove to be only a difference of 
sex or of age. 


2. Rana macrodon. 


Rana macrodon, Kuhl, Mus. Lugd. Bat.; Tschudi, Batr. p. 80 (but 
not p. 40); Dum. & Bibr. p. 382. 


Tympanum distinct, small; skin smooth, with a plait above the 
tympanum, no plaits on the occiput ; upper eyelid tubercular ; fourth 
toe one-third longer than the fifth ; toes with slightly swollen tips, 
broadly webbed ; metatarsus with only one tubercle. Crown of head 
one-half broader than upper eyelid. Vomerine teeth in two oblique 
series, convergent behind; lower jaw with two very prominent, 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 9 


pointed, fang-like apophyses in front, less conspicuous in the females 
and younger individuals, East Indian Islands. 


a. Adult male. Philippines. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

6. Adult female. Philippines. 

c,d. Young. Philippines. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

e. Half-grown. Philippmes.—This specimen exhibits longitudinal 
folds and a whitish vertebral line, and is not without doubt 
referred to the above species. 


3. Rana vittigera. 
Wiegmann, Nova Acta, 1835, p. 225. t. 21. f. 1. 


Tympanum moderate; skin with short longitudinal folds; fourth 
toe one-third longer than the fifth ; toes with slightly swollen tips, 
half-webbed ; metatarsus with two tubercles ; vomerine teeth in two 
oblique series, convergent behind; apophyses of lower jaw hardly 
conspicuous. 


This species, confounded by Bibron with R&. tigrina, is a distinctly 
different species, not even growing to the size of R. temporaria. In 
habit and in coloration it is similar to R. tigrina ; it is greyish brown 
above, with darker irregular spots; a triangular spot between the 
eyes, generally divided into two by a white vertebral line, running 
from the muzzle to the anus. The narrow whitish longitudinal line 
on the hinder side of the calf of the leg is often wanting. 


a. Adult. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

b. Adult female. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

c. Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

d. Young. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

e-h, Adult and young. Hong Kong. Presented by J.C. Bowring, Esq. 

zt. Adult female. Loochoo. Presented by A. Collie, Esq. 

k, 1. Adult and half-grown. China. Presented byJ. C. Bowring, Esq. 

m. Several specimens. China. Presented by J. Reeve, Esq. 

n. Several specimens. China. Presented by J. Reeve, Esq. 

o-q. Adult and half-grown. China. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

yr. Half-grown: not good state. China. 

s. Half-grown. China. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

t. Several specimens. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

u-«. Half-grown and young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Col- 
lection. 

y. Many specimens. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 

z. Adult. Java. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

a-y. Adult. East Indies. Presented by the East India Company. 

6. Skeleton of an adult. China. Presented by J. Reeve, Esq. 


4. Rana tigrina. 
Rana tigrina, Daud. Rain, p. 64, pl. 20, and Rept. viii. p. 125; Merr. 


Tent. p. 174; Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Dum. § Bibr. p: 375; Kelaart, 
Prodr. Faun. Ceylon. p. 192. 


10 REPTILES. 


Rana cancrivora, (Bote) Gravenh. Delic, p. 41; Tschudi, Batr. p. 79. 
icta, Gravenh. 1. e. p. 39. : 
—— brama, Less. Voy. Ind. Orient. Bel. Rept. p. 329. pl. 6 (male). 


Tympanum moderate ; skin with short longitudinal folds ; fourth 
toe one-third or one-half longer than the fifth ; toes with slightly 
swollen tips, broadly webbed ; metatarsus with only one tubercle. 
Vomerine teeth in two oblique series, convergent behind ; lower jaw 
with two rather prominent but blunt apophyses in front. 


a, Adult. Borneo. From the Leyden Museum. 

b,c. Adult and half-grown. Borneo, 

d. Half-grown. Philippine Islands. 

e. Half-grown, Philippine Islands. 

f. Half-grown. Philippine Islands. 

g, h. Adult and half-grown. China. 

2. Half-grown: not good state. China. 

k. Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

1, Young: bad state. Hong Kong. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq. 
m. Adult: skin. Bengal. 

n. Adult. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 

0, p. Young: bad state. Singapore. 

q, 7. Large female. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 

s. Adult. Madras, Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 

t. Young. Nuilgherries. 

Adult. Ceylon, From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
Young. Ceylon. From Mr, Cuming’s Collection. 

Large male. India, 

Half-grown: very bad state. India. 

Adult male: stuffed. India. Presented by Major Sykes. 
Adult female: stuffed. India. Presented by Major Sykes. 

y. Adult. ——? 

é-n. Adult. East Indies. Presented by the East India Company. 
¢. Adult: skeleton. East Indies. From M. Braconier’s Collection. 


Peers Ss - F 


5. Rana grunniens. 


Rana grunniens, Daud. Rain. p. 65. pl. 21, and Rept. viii. p. 127; 
Merr. Tent. p. 174; Dum. § Bibr. p. 380. 

subsaltans, Giravenh. Delic. p. 35. t. 7. 

—— hydromedusa, (Kuhl) Tschudi, Batr. p. 80. 


Tympanum small, half the width of upper eyelid; skin smooth, 
with very small plaits above the tympanum and on the occiput ; upper 
eyelid tubercular ; fourth toe one-third longer than the fifth ; toes 
with slightly swollen tips, broadly webbed; metatarsus with only 
one tubercle. Crown as broad as upper eyelid. Vomerine teeth in 
two oblique series, convergent behind ; lower jaw with two rather 
prominent but blunt apophyses in front. East Indies. 


a. Adult: skeleton. Java. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA, UE 


6. Rana hexadactyla. 


Rana hexadactyla, Less. Voy. Ind. Orient, Bel. Zool. Rept. vi. p. 331 ; 
Tschudi, p. 80 

Dactylethra bengalensis, Less. Ill. Zool. pl, 47. 

Rana cutipora, Dum. § Bibr. p. 389. 


Body smooth, with rows of pores round the neck, sides and belly ; 
toes and fingers pointed; toes entirely webbed, fourth not very much 
longer than third and fifth ; vomerine teeth in two oblique series, 
convergent behind; above brown, sometimes with a lighter verte- 
bral line ; beneath whitish, sometimes variegated with brownish. 


a. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

6. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

c. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

d. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

e. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. Speci- 
mens, native of Ceylon, do not appear to grow to the same size 
as those coming from other parts of the East Indies. 

f, g. Large specimens. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 

h. Young. China. Presented by J. R. Reeve, Esq. 

2. Young (tailed). Celebes. 

k. Adult: stuffed. India. From Mr, Warwick’s Collection. 


7. Rana leschenaultii. 
Dum. § Bibr, p. 342; Cantor, Catal. Malay. Rept. p. 188. 


Body with small tubercles and warts, and rows of pores round the 
neck, sides and belly ; toes and fingers pointed ; toes entirely webbed, 
fourth not very much longer than third and fifth. Hast Indian Con- 
tinent. 


a. Adult. ——? 


8. Rana rugosa. 


Rana rugosa, Schleg. Faun. Japon. Rept. t. 3. £.3,4; Tschudi, Batr. 
p. 79; Dum. §& Dibr. p. 368. 


Upper parts covered with very prominent irregular tubercles ; 
fingers and toes with large subarticular tubercles; toes webbed 
nearly to the end, fourth one-third longer than fifth ; metatarsus 
with two tubercles; tympanum moderate; vomerine teeth in two 
oblique series, Crown broad; upper eyelid rough with tubercles. 


a, 6. Adult. Japan. From the Leyden Museum. 


9, Rana malabarica. 


Rana malabarica, Dum. § Bibr. p. 365 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 80; Kelaart, 
Prodr. Faun. Ceylon, p. 191. 


Body smooth, with a feeble cutaneous fold on each side of the 


1g REPTILES. 


back ; fingers and toes blunt at the tips, with large subarticular tu- 
bercles; toes shortly webbed, the fourth half as long as the third 
and fifth; metatarsus with two, metacarpus with three tubercles ; 
vomerine teeth in two oblique series, convergent behind. Above, 
between the folds, reddish brown, sides of head and body black, 
white-spotted behind ; upper lip white-edged. Malabar. 


a. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

6. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

c. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

d, e. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Col- 

lection. 

f. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

g. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

h, Adult. India. Presented by Sir J. Richardson. 


10. Rana esculenta. 


Gesner, Hist. Anim. xi. p.41; Rondelet, Aquat. Hist. Lib. de Palustr. 
p- 217; Schwenckfeld, Theriotroph. Siles. p. 157; Aldrov. Quadr. 
Digit. Ovip. p. 591; Ray, Synops. Meth. p. 247; Klein, Quadr. 
Dispos. p. 117; Rosel, Hist. Ran. p. 55. t. 15-16, 

Rana viridis, Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 94; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 103, pl. 31; 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 348. 

esculenta, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 357; Laur. Syn. p. 31; Miller, 

Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 35; Daubent. Dict. Anim. p. 650; Bonnat. 

Erpétol. p. 3; Lacép. Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 505 ; Meyer, Synops. Rept. 

p- 12; Stewrm, Deutschl. Fauna, iii. Heft 1; Donndorf, Zool. Beitr. 

ii. p. 55; Latr. Salam. p. 38, and Rept. ii. p. 148; Daud. Rain. 

p. 46. pl. 15. f. 1, and Rept. viii. p. 90; Deseript. de ? Eg, Suppl. 

pl. 2. f. 11,12; Cuv. Regne Animal; Merr. Tent. p. 176; Griffith, 

Anim. Kingd. ix. p. 892; Eichw. Zool. Spee. ii. p. 166; Wagl. Syst. 

p: 203; Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Holandre, Faune de la Moselle, p. 220; 

Schinz, Faun. Helvet. p. 143; Schleg. Faun. Japon. vii. t. 3. £1; 

Tschudi, Batr. p. 79. 

ridibunda, Pallas, Iter. 

cachinnans, (Pall.) Eichw. Faun. Caspio-Caucas. p. 126. pl. 30. 

palmipes, Sper, Test. t. 5. f. 1. 

maritima, Risso, Hist. Nat. Europ. Mér. iii. p. 92; Bonap. 1. c. 

alpina, Résso, 1. c. p. 93; Bonap. l. ec. 

calcarata, Michahelles, Isis, 1830, p. 160; Tschudi, p. 80. 

tigrina, Kichw. Faun. Caspio-Caucas. p. 125. 

hispanica, Bonap. l. e. 


Body with a glandular fold on each side; toes not quite webbed 
to the end; metatarsus with two tubercles; vomerine teeth in two 
small groups between the inner nostrils. Male with an external 
vocal sac on each side, behind the angle of mouth ; openings of the 
vocal sacs moderate. 


A. African specimens. 


a,b. Adult. Tunis. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 
c. Young. North Africa. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. is 


B. European specimens. 


d. Adult. South Europe. Presented by R. B. Webb, Esq. 

e, f. Adult. South Europe. Presented by R. B. Webb, Esq. 

g. Adult: skin. Italy. 

h,i. Adult. Bononia. Presented by J. J. Bianconi. 

k-n. Young and larve. Bononia. Presented by J. J. Bianconi. 

o,p. Adult. Turin. Presented by Prof. Bonelli. 

q. Large female. Hungary. As Pelophylax ridibundus. 

r,s. Adult and young: not good state. North Germany. 

t. Half-grown. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray. 

u-w. Adult and half-grown. Cambridgeshire. 

w-z. Adult and half-grown. Cambridgeshire. Presented by W. 
Yarrell, Esq. 

a. Large specimen. Europe. Presented by the Hon. A. Russell, 
as Rana ridibunda. 

@. Large specimen. Europe. 

y. Large specimen: stuffed. Europe. 

6. Adult: skin. Europe. 

e. Young. Guezama. Presented by W. C. Trevelyan, Esq. 

g. Adult: skeleton. Paris. 

yn. Adult: skeleton. Europe. 


C. Asiatic specimens. Var. japonica. 
6. Adult. Euphrates Expedition. 
«. Adult. Chusan. 
x. Adult. Chusan. 
A-é. Half-grown. Chusan. 
o. Half-grown. Chusan. Presented by the East India Company. 
az. Adult: bad state. China. 
p. Adult. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
o. Adult. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
7. Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
v. Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
@. Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
x: Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
v-aa. Adult. Japan. From the Leyden Museum. 
bb, cc. Adult. Japan. From the Leyden Museum. 


11. Rana halecina. 


Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol. i. pl. 70; Bartram, Travels in Carol. p. 278. 

Rana halecina, Kalm, Iter Amer. iii. p. 46; Daud. Rain. p. 63, and 
Rept. viii. p. 122; Merr. Tent. p. 175; Harl. Sillim. Journ. x. p. 60, 
and NV. Amer. Rept. in Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. v. p. 387 ; Tschudi, 
Batr. p. 79; Dum. § Bibr. p. 351; Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. 
p- 91. t. 22; Hallow. in Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. 1856, pp. 141, 250. 

virginiana, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 31. 

pipiens, Gm. Syst. Nat. iii. p. 1052; Bonnat. Erpét. p. 5; Donnd. 

Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 51; Schreb. Naturf. xviii. p. 182. t. 4; Shaw, 

Zool. iii. p. 183; Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 105. pl. 32. 

palustris, Guérin, Iconogr. Rept. pl. 26. f. 1. 


14 REPTILES. 


Body with a glandular fold on each side; toes not quite webbed 
to the end; metatarsus with one tubercle; vomerine teeth in two 
small groups between the inner nostrils. Above greenish, with 
rounded darker spots. Male with an internal vocal sae on each 
side, beneath the angle of mouth ; openings of the vocal sacs minute. 


a. Adult. ' Mexico. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

6. Adult. Philadelphia. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

c,d. Half-grown. Lake Winnipeg. Presented by Sir J. Richardson. 
e. Half-grown. Lake Winnipeg. Presented by Sir J. Richardson. 
f,g. Adult. North America. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

h. Adult. North America. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

z, Adult. North America, From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

k. Adult. North America, From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

l, Adult. North America. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

m, Adult. North America. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

n. Adult. North America. From Mr. Brandt’s Collection. 

o, p. Adult. North America. 

q, r. Adult. North America. Presented by Edward Doubleday, Esq. 
s. Adult. North America, 

t. Adult: stuffed. North America. Purchased of Mr. Johnston. 


12. Rana palustris. 


Rana palustris, Leconte, Ann. Lyc. New York, i. p. 282; Harl. Sillim. 
Journ. x. p. 59, and Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. v. p. 339; Dum. § 
Bibr, p. 856; Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. p. 95. pl. 23; Hallow. 
Proe. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. 1856, pp. 141, 250. 


Body with two glandular folds on each side ; toes not quite webbed 
to the end; metatarsus with one tubercle; vomerine teeth in two 
small groups between the inner nostrils. Above greenish, with a 
row of squarish darker spots between the glandular folds. Male 
without vocal sac. North America. 


Hallowell (1. c.) mentions another species from the southern parts 
of North America, Rana owyrhynchus ; if it should prove to be a 
different species, the name must be altered, being preoccupied by an 
African species of Sundeyall. 


13. Rana clamata. 


Rana clamata, Daud. Rain. p. 54, pl. 52. f. 2, and Rept. viii. p. 204 ; 
Harl. in Sillim. Journ. x. p. 68; Dum. §& Bibr. p. 373. 

clamitans, Merr. Tent. p. 175; Holbr. N. Amer. Herpetol. iv. 

p. 85. pl. 20. 

fontinalis, Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist, New York, i. p. 282; 
Holbr. i. c. p. 87. pl. 21. 

—— flavoviridis, Har, 1. c. and Journ. Ac. Nat, Sc. Philad. v. p. 338, 
and Med. Phys. Res. p. 103. 


Tympanum very large; on each side of back a glandular fold ; toes 
broadly webbed, fourth one-third longer than the third and fifth ; 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA, gS 


metatarsus with one tubercle ; vomerine teeth in two small groups 
between the inner nostrils, 


a. Adult: fine specimen. New York. As Rana magna. 

6. Adult. Philadelphia. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection (Rana 
fontinalis). 

c. Half-grown. Georgia. From Mr, Cuming’s Collection. 

d, e. Adult. North America. 

f. Adult. North America. 

g. Adult. North America. 

h, Adult: skeleton. United States. 


14, Rana mugiens. 


Bull-frog, Cat. Nat. Hist. Carol. ii.p. .t. 72; Daubent. Dict. Anim. 
Quadr. Ovip. p. 655; Lacép, Quadr. Ovip. 1. 541; Bonnat. Ophiol. 
és 


Rana catesbiana, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 106. 

mugiens, Merr. Tent. p. 175; Wagl. Syst. p. 203; Tschudi, Batr. 
p- 79; Dum. § Bibr. p. 370. 

pipiens, Harl. in Sillim. Journ. x. p. 62, and Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. 
Philad. v. p. 335; Cuv. Réegne Anim.; Holbr. N. Amer, Herpetol. 
iv. p. (1. pl. 18. 


Tympanum very large; skin smooth, without glandular folds ; 
toes broadly webbed, fourth one-fourth longer than third and fifth ; 
metatarsus with one tubercle ; vomerine teeth in two groups between 
the inner nostrils. 


a. Large specimen: bleached. North America. Old Collection. 

b. Large specimen. North America. Purchased of Mr. Jamrach. 

c. Large specimen. North America. 

d. Adult. North America. 

e, f. Adult: bad state. North America. 

g, h. Adult: stuffed. Delaware. Presented by Edward Doubleday, 
Esq. 

a Aaals : skin, North America. Purchased of Mr. Thomas. 

k, Adult: skeleton. America. Presented by the Zoological Society. 


15, Rana lecontii. 
Rana lecontii, Baird § Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1853, p. 301. 


Snout moderately pointed ; tongue elongate ; tympanum half the 
width of the eye; skin quite smooth, on each side a glandular fold. 
Above dark olive, with rather large, circular black spots, lighter in 
the centre; a whitish line from just below the eye to the shoulder ; 
a black spot at the base of the arm in front. Metatarsus with one 
tubercle ; vomerine teeth in two small groups between the inner 
nostrils. San Francisco. 


a, 6. Half-grown. Mexico. From M. Salleé’s Collection. 
c. Half-grown. Mexico. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 


16 


REPTILES, 


d, Half-grown : not good state. Mexico, From M. Sallé’s Collection. 


Belly black-spotted. 


e. f¥. Half-grown. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cumine’s Collection. 
in g g 


16. Rana temporaria. 


Gesner, Hist. Anim. ii. p. 58; Aldrov. Quadr. Digit. Ovip. ii. p. 610; 
Linn. Faun. Suec. i. p. 250; Rosel, Hist. Ran. p. 1. t. 1-8. 

Rana temporaria, Linn. Syst. Nat. 1. p. 357 ; Miller, Zool. Dan. Prodr. 
p. 385; Fabr. Fam. Grenl. p. 124; Bonnat. Erpét. p. 3; Lacép. 
Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 528; Meyer, Syn. Rept. p. 12; Stearm, Deutsch. 
Fauna, iii. Heft 1; Donnd. Zool. Beitr. 1. p. 52; Schneid. Hist. 
Amph. p. 113; Latr. Salam. p. 37, and Rept. i. p. 150; Shaw, Zool. 
iii. p. 97. pl. 29; Daud. Rain. p. 16. pl. 15. f. 2, and Rept. viii. 
p: 94; Merr. Tent. p. 175; Pennant, Brit. Zool. iii. p. 9; Risso, 
Hist. Nat. Eur. Mérid. iii. p. 93; Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Wagl. Syst. 
p- 203; Jenyns, Brit. Vertebr. p. 800; Bonap. Faun. Ital. ; Schinz, 
Faun. Helv. p. 143; Schleg. Faun. Japon. pl. 3. £.2; Tschudi, Batr. 
p- 79; Bell, Brit. Rept. p. 84; Eichw. Faun. Caspio-Caucas. p. 124 ; 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 358. 

Rana muta, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 30. 

—— scotica, Bell, l.c. p. 102. 


A. European specimens. 


* Rana oxyrhinus, Steenstrup, Amtl. Bericht tiber die xxiv. 
Versammlung deutsch. Naturf. Kiel, 1846, p.131.—Muzzle 
pointed ; first cuneiform prominent. 


a. Adult. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray. ) 
b,c. Adult and young. North Germany. Presented by Dr. J. E. 


Gray. 


d, Adult. Germany. 


** Rana platyrhinus, Steenstrup, 1. c—Muzzle short, blunt ; 
first cuneiform bone hardly prominent, covered with a thick 
membrane and forming a blunt tubercle. 


e. Adult. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray. 

f-h. Adult. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray. 

2. Adult. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray. 

k. Adult. Exeter. Mus. Leach. 

1, m. Adult and half-grown. Surrey. Mus. Leach. 

n-p. Adult. England. Presented by the Zoological Society. 
q-s. Adult. England. 

t-v. Adult. Braid Hill. Presented by Prof. Bell. 

w. Many specimens. Scotland. 


~ 


y 


», Adult: skeleton. England. 
. Adult: skeleton. England. 


z, Adult: skeleton. Scotland. 


*** Rana arvalis, Nilsson, Scandinavisk Fauna, iii. p. 92.— 
Muzzle moderate ; first cuneiform bone prominent. 


. Adult. Sweden. Presented by Prof. Sundevall. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. tle 


8-5. Adult and half-grown. Sweden. Presented by Prof. Sun- 
devall. 

e, £. Adult. Bononia. Presented by J. J. Bianconi. In one of the 
specimens the tubercle on the metatarsus is blunt, as in platy- 
rhinus. 


B. Asiatic specimens. 


Rana temporaria, var. japonica, Schlegel, 1. ¢. 


n. Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

9,1. Young: bad state. Chusan. Presented by the East India 
Company. 

«, A. Young: bad state. Chusan. 

w-£. Adult. Japan. From the Leyden Museum. 


C. American specimens. 


Rana silvatica, Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, i. 
p- 282; Harlan, in Sillim. Journ, xiv. p. 58, and in Journ. 
Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. v. 838; Tschudi, Batr. p. 79; Dum. 
& Bibr. p. 362; Holbr. N. Amer. Herpetol. iv. pl. 24. 
Rana pennsylvanica, Har. 1. ¢. p. 60.—Tympanum gene- 
rally, but not always, rather larger than in the European 
specimens. 


o, Adult. North America. 

a-s. Adult and half-grown. North America, Presented by Edward 
Doubleday, Esq. 

7, v. Half-grown: bad state. North America. Presented by Dr. 
J. Green. 

¢, ~. Adult. Woods near Chekham. 

w. Some half-grown and young specimens. Great Bear Lake. Pre- 
sented by Sir J. Richardson. 

aa-dd. Adult and young. North America. From Dr. Gardiner’s 
Collection. 

ee-gg. Adult. North America. 


17. Rana superciliaris. (Puare I. fig. B.) 


Snout much elongate, very acute ; inner nostrils small, much nearer 
the interior prominence of the eye than the tip of the snout; tym- 
panum nearly as large as the eye; skin with long, strong longitu- 
dinal folds; upper eyelid with a small fold in front and another 
deep one behind, the latter forming a free hinder edge. ‘I'oes not 
webbed to the end, fourth one-third longer than the third; meta- 
tarsus with only one small tubercle. Vomerine teeth in two short 
series, situated near the front edge of the inner nostril. 


a. Adult male. Sierra Leone. Two lateral exterior vocal sacs. 
Length of cleft of mouth 2”; length from the angle of mouth 
to anus 2”; length of hinder leg 34”, 
c 


18 REPTILES. 


18, Rana bibronii. 
Hallowell, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. 1845, p. 249. 


Head longer than broad; muzzle rather elongate and pointed ; 
tympanum two-thirds the width of eye; skin of the back with nar- 
row longitudinal folds. Legs and toes slender, half-webbed ; fourth 
toe one-third longer than fifth ; metatarsus with one tubercle. Vo- 
merine teeth small, in two rather oblique series, beginning from near 
the front edge of the inner nostrils. 

A whitish longitudinal band from the snout to anus ; above with 
dark spots; sides of head brown; a white band from just below the 
eye to the shoulder; beneath uniform whitish. 


a. Half-grown. Gaboon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


19. Rana grayi. 
Smith, Illustr. of the Zool. of S. Afr. pl. 78. £. 2. 


Head nearly as long as broad, with moderate, rounded muzzle ; 
tympanum circular, half the width of eye; skin of the back and 
sides with broad longitudinal folds, and flat tubercles between. Toes 
rather elongate, webbed only at the base ; fourth toe one-third longer 
than fifth ; metatarsus with one, rather prominent tubercle. Vomer- 
ine teeth in two, rather oblique series, situated near the front edge 
of the inner nostrils. 

Brownish yellow, brown variegated with large brown spots above ; 
temple brown; beneath straw-yellow. 


a-c. Adult and half-grown: discoloured. South Africa. 


20. Rana mascareniensis. 
Dum. §& Bibr. p. 350; Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 32. pl. 16. f. 2. 


Body with six or eight longitudinal folds ; toes and fingers slender, 
with blunt tip and moderate subarticular tubercles ; toes not webbed 
to the end, fourth one-third longer than fifth and third; metatarsus 
with one tubercle. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series. Tympanum 
distinct, of moderate size. Greyish or brown above, sometimes black- 
spotted, with or without paler vertebral band. On each side of the 
tongue a slit for the vocal sac. 


a. Adult: badstate. Islede France. Presented by Charles Darwin, 
Esq. 


21. Rana fuscigula. 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 886; Smith, Ill. of S. Afr. App. p. 22. 
Head as long as broad ; muzzle rather short, rounded ; tympanum 
distinct, moderate; skin of back with irregular longitudinal plaits ; 
toes of moderate length, webbed to the tip, but deeply notched ; fourth 


BATRACHTA SALIENTIA. 19 


toe one-third longer than fifth; metatarsus with only one tubercle ; 
vomerine teeth in two groups between the internal nostrils. 


a. Large specimen. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by the Earl of 
Derby. 

b. Adult male. Cape of Good Hope. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

ce. Adult. Cape of Good Hope. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

d, Adult. Cape of Good Hope. From Mr. Frank’s Collection. 

e. Adult. Cape of Good Hope. 

f. Large specimen: discoloured. South Africa. 

g. Adult. South Africa. Presented by A. Smith, M.D. 

h, Adult. West Africa. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 


22. Rana oxyrhynchus. 
Sundevall; Smith, Ill. of the Zool. of S. Afr. Rept. pl. 77. f. 2. 


Head longer than broad; muzzle much elongate, pointed; tympanum 
distinct, moderate; on each side of back a glandular fold; toes of 
moderate length, broadly webbed ; fourth toe one-third longer than 
fifth ; metatarsus with only one tubercle; vomerine teeth in two 
straight series between the inner nostrils. 


a. Adult. Cape of Good Hope. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 


23. Rana galamensis. 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 367. 


Skin smooth, with a broad glandular enlargement on each side; 
fingers and toes with moderate subarticular tubercles; toes very 
shortly webbed, fourth half as long as third and fifth; metatarsus 
with one tubercle ; tongue not very deeply nicked behind ; vomerine 
teeth in two oblique series. Galam (Senegal). 


24. Rana delalandii. 
Dum. § Bibr. Erpétol. Génér. p. 388; Smith, le. pl. 77. f. 1.—Not 
Bell, Zool. of the Beagle. 

Head not much longer than broad; muzzle moderate ; tympanum 
distinct, rather large; skin of back with longitudinal plaits ; hinder 
legs slender ; fingers and toes much elongate, very slender ; toes half- 
webbed ; metatarsus with only one tubercle ; vomerine teeth in two 
small roundish groups between the inner nostrils. 


Bibron describes the vomerine teeth as <‘ disposées sur deux rangs 
légérement obliques et contigu chacun de son cété A Vextrémité in- 
terne du bord antérieur des narines.” Our specimens, one of which 
is named by Dr. A. Smith, agree in all the other characters with the 
original description of Bibron, only exhibiting the vomerine teeth 
arranged as above described. 

c2 


20 REPTILES, 


a. Adult. Cape of Good Hope. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

b. Adult. South Africa. Presented by Dr. A. Smith. 

c. Half-grown. South Africa. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 

d-f. Adult: bad state. Africa. Presented by Dr. Stanger. 

g. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Frank’s Collection as Rana fuscigula. 

h, Half-grown. Africa. From Mr. Frank’s Collection as Rana gra- 
cilis*. 


25. Rana fasciata. 


Rana fasciata, Bote, Mus. Lugd. Bat.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 389; Smith, 
bres pl. 78: fol. 

Strongylopus fasciatus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 79. 

Rana delalandii, Bell, Zool. Beagle, Rept. p. 31. pl. 16. f. 1. 


Head longer than broad; muzzle pointed; tympanum distinct, 
rather small; skin nearly smooth; hinder legs very slender ; fingers 
and toes much elongate, very slender ; toes only webbed at the base ; 
vomerine teeth in a straight line, interrupted in the middle, situated 
between the front edge of the inner nostrils. 


a. Adult. South Africa. Presented by A. Smith, M.D. 

b. Adult: not good state. South Africa. Presented by Charles Dar- 
win, Esq. Original specimen of Prof. Bell’s description and 
figure. 


5. SPHAROTHECA. 


Habit similar to Pelobates ; head thick, with short, rounded muzzle 
and swollen, spherical occiput ; extremities short, fingers free ; toes 
five, half-webbed ; first cuneiform bone with a flat, oval, sharp-edged 
spur. Skin smooth, with indistinct scattered tubercles. Vomerine 
teeth in two oblique series. ‘Tongue cordiform, free and deeply 
nicked behind; eustachian tubes moderate; tympanum distinct. 
Sacral vertebra not dilated. Male with an external vocal sac. East 
Indies. 


1. Spherotheca strigata. (Pxare II. fig, A.) 


Yellowish brown, with dark brown spots and a yellow band from 
the muzzle to anus. 


a. Many specimens. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 
b. Skeleton: male. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 


Description.—In habit similar to Pelobates ; head thick, rounded, 
with short rounded muzzle and much-swollen occiput ; extremities 
short ; fingers quite free, each with one or two very prominent tu- 
bercles at the palmar surface ; metacarpus with a larger, oval, outer 
tubercle and with a smaller inner one; toes five, of moderate length, 


* In the printed, but not published, ‘Nomenclator Reptilium Musee Zoolog. 
Berol.,’ I find the name of Rana gracilis, Schlegel, from the Gold Coast. What- 
ever the characters of this species may be, the above specimen belongs to R. de- 
lalandit. t opatoa sphera, and 07«y cranium. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. ON 


half-webbed, with indistinct tubercles ; first cuneiform bone with a 
flat, oval, sharp-edged spur. Skin smooth, with some small, indi- 
stinct tubercles; head above covered with moveable, smooth skin. 
Nostril near the muzzle, very near the canthus rostralis; cleft of 
mouth moderate ; tongue cordiform, free and deeply notched behind ; 
in the males on each side of the tongue a cleft for the vocal sac ; 
vocal sac external, formed by two lateral bladders communicating 
in the middle. Inner nares and eustachian tubes moderate ; tym- 
panum rounded, distinct. Vomerine teeth in two oblique series, con- 
vergent behind, but with an interspace between. Above yellowish 
brown, with a yellow dorsal band extending from the snout to the 
anus; upper parts with dark brown, sometimes confluent spots ; 
crown with two oblique brown streaks beginning on the upper eye- 
lid, convergent towards behind, and separated by the yellow band ; 
a brown streak from the eye along the canthus rostralis ; beneath 
nearly uniform white ; throat and vocal sacs brown. Size of Pelobates 
Suscus. 


6. CALYPTOCEPHALUS. 


Habit toad-like ; head covered with a rugose shield; extremities 
short. Vomerine teeth forming an interrupted cross series between 
the internal nostrils ; tongue oval, entire and free behind. Eusta- 
chian tubes rather large ; tympanum distinct. Fingers free ; toes 
half-webbed ; a large blunt tubercle at the metacarpus. Male with 
a vocal sac on each side of the throat. Chili. 

Calyptocephalus, Bibr. Mus. Paris; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 447. 
Peltocephalus, Zschudi, Batr. p. 81. 


1. Calyptocephalus gayi. 
Calyptocephalus gayi, Bibr. Mus. Paris; Dum. § Bibr. p. 450. 
Peltocephalus quoyi, Tschudh, 1. ¢. 
Above olive, varied with darker. 


a. Adult: skeleton. Chili. From M. Braconier’s Collection. 


7. CYCLORHAMPHUS. 


Habit moderate ; head short, flat, rounded in front. Fingers free ; 
toes half-webbed, the first cuneiform bone forming a small rounded 
prominence. Skin quite smooth. Vomerine teeth in two small 
groups; tongue entire and free behind, oval ; eustachian tubes small, 
tympanum hidden. Male without vocal-sac. Chili. 


Cycloramphus, sp., Zschudi, Batr. p. 81; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 452. 


1. Cyclorhamphus marmoratus. 


Cycloramphus marmoratus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 455; Tschudi, in Wiegm. 
Arch. 1845, p. 167. 


Brownish, marbled with black, often with small white spots. 


22 REPTILES. 


a. Larve. Guascona. Presented by J. B. Pentland, Esq. 
b. Several specimens not in a good state. Guascona. Presented by 
J. B. Pentland, Esq. 


8. PITHECOPSIS. 


Habit moderate ; head short, flat, rounded in front. Fingers free ; 
toes webbed, the first cuneiform bone forming a slight, rounded pro- 
minence. Skin smooth, with a large gland on each side. Vomerine 
teeth in two oblique series; tongue entire and free behind, oval ; 
eustachian tubes moderate, tympanum hidden. Male with an in- 
ternal subgular vocal sac. Brazil. 

Cycloramphus, sp., Tschudi, Batr. p. 81; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 402. 
Pithecopsis, Bibr. Mus. Par. 


1. Pithecopsis fuliginosus. 


Pithecopsis fuliginosus, Bibr. Mus. Par. 
Cycloramphus fuliginosus, Tschudi, l.c.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 454. 


Uniform brownish, beneath finely whitish spotted. 


9. LEIUPERUS. 


Habit as in Bombinator. Fingers completely free, toes webbed 
at the base ; the first cuneiform bone prominent, tubercular. Tongue 
oval, free and entire behind. Vomerine teeth none ; eustachian tubes 
very small; tympanum distinct. Skin granular. South America. 


Leiuperus, Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 420. 


1. Leiuperus marmoratus. 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 421; D’ Orb.-Voy. Amér. Mérid. t. 15. £. 1-4; Tschudi, 
Faun. Per. Rept. p. 168. 


Dark olive, marbled with brown, sometimes with a whitish verte- 
bral line. South America. 


a. Half-grown. San Domingo. 


2. Leiuperus salarius. 
Leiuperus salarius, Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 39. pl. 18. f. 1. 


a. Badstate. Port Desire (Patagonia). Presented by Charles Darwin, 
Esq. The specimen is undoubtedly a half-grown Plewrodema 
bufoniwm: the form, the toes, even the lumbar gland (over- 
looked by Prof. Bell) are the same as in that species. But the 
condition of the specimen, the palate having been entirely de- 
stroyed, is not such as to allow me to give a decided opinion. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 23 


10. LIMNOCHARIS. 


Tongue oval, entire, hinder edge free. Teeth 2? Nose truncated. 
Tympanum conspicuous, circular. Skin all smooth. Fingers free. 
Toes webbed at the base (Bell). 


Bell describes the dentition thus: ‘ Palatine teeth in two small 
groups, one in a line contiguous with the front margin of the inner 
nostrils, and a second at some distance behind them, close within the 
rise of the maxillary arch.” As far as I can see, there were no 
palatine teeth at all; but if they are supposed to be lost, they must 
have been implanted in a series in front of the inner nostrils, much 
interrupted in the middle. The second series is merely imaginary, 
and nothing more than the sharp, quite smooth ridge of the os pa- 
latinum. The snout truncated, produced beyond the mouth; the 
maxillary arch is angularly bent, so as to form a straight front 
series of maxillary teeth. Otherwise the specimen is not in such 
a condition as to allow me te give my own diagnosis of this 
Batrachian. 


Limnocharis, Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 32. 


1. Limnocharis fuscus. 
Bell, i. e. p. 38. t. 16. £3. 


Above dark brown; thighs lighter, obscurely banded with dark 
brown ; beneath pale bluish grey; the throat dotted with brown. 


a. Very bad state. Rio Janeiro. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 


11. HYLORHINA. 


Habit stout; head short, ‘thick, broad; extremities moderate ; 
fingers very long, quite free; toes rather long, slightly webbed at 
the base, fringed; metatarsus with one blunt tubercle. Skin with 
small flat warts: no lumbar gland. Vomerine teeth in one straight, 
uninterrupted series. Tongue circular, free and entire behind; 
eustachian tubes moderate; tympanum not very distinct. Sacral 
vertebra not dilated. Chili. 


Hylorhina, Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 44. 


1. Hylorhina silvatica. 
Hylorhina sylvatica, Bell, 7. c. pl. 19. f. 1. 
Brown, beneath dirty whitish. 
a. Adult female. Chiloé. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 


24 REPTILES. 


12. PYXICEPHALUS. 


Head large and thick, muzzle very short, extremities rather short. 
Tongue large, rounded, free and hardly nicked behind. Vomerine 
teeth in one interrupted series. Eustachian tubes rather small; 
tympanum hidden. Neck with paratoid-like glands. Fingers free ; 
toes half-webbed; a flat, sharp-edged spur at the metatarsus. Sacral 
vertebra not dilated. Tropical America. 


Pyxicephalus, sp., Zschudi, Batr. p. 83; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 446. 


1. Pyxicephalus americanus. 
Dum. & Bibr. p. 446 ; Beil, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 40. pl. 18. f. 2. 
On each side of the neck three large paratoid-like glands. 


a, 6. Adult. Brazil. 
c. Young: bad state. Monte Video. Presented by Charles Darwin, 
Esq. 


13. CERATOPHRYS. 


Body stout, head very large, extremities short; cleft of mouth 
very large; edge of upper eyelid more or less produced into a point, 
so as to form a long horn or only a triangle. Skin with tubercles or 
cutaneous folds. Fingers free; toes more or less webbed; first 
cuneiform bone with a flat, oblong, rather sharp-edged tubercle. 
Tongue heart-shaped; palatine teeth in two groups; eustachian 
tubes moderate ; tympanum more or less hidden, South America. 


Ceratophrys, Bote, in Wied’s Beitr. : 569; Wagl. Syst. p. 203; Cur. 
Regne Anim.; Tschudi, Batr. p. 82. 

Phrynoceros, (Bibr.) Tschudi, 1. e. 

Hemiphractus, Wagl. 1. e. p. 204. 

Baibie Gravenh. Isis, 1825, p. 952. 

Bufo, sp., Rana, sp., auet. prior. 


1. Ceratophrys cornuta. 


Seba, i, 72. 1,2; Klein, Quadr. Dispos. p. 120. 

Rana cornuta, LZ. Mus. Ad. Fried. p. 48, and Syst. Nat. i. p. 356; 
Donnd. Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 47; Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 125; Shaw, 
Nat. Mise. pl. 76; Tilesius, Magazin der Gesellsch. Ntrf. Freunde in 
Berlin, 1809, p. 92. t. 3, and Krusenstern’s Reise, t. 6. 

Bufo cornutus, Law. Syn. p. 25; Daub. Quadr. Ovip. p. 603 ; Lacép. 
as reed p: 604; Bonnat. Erpét. p. 16; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 162. 
pls. 48, 49. 

Ceratophrys dorsata, Wied, Abbildg. tab. and Beitrige, i. p. 577; 
Wagl. Icon. t. 22. f. 1, 2, and Syst. Amph. p. 204; Tschudi, 1. e. ; 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 431. 

Stombus dorsatus, Gravenh. Delic. p. 49, 

Ceratophrys varia et clypeata, Cav. Réegne Anim. 

cornuta, Schlegel, Abb. t. 10. f. 1, 2. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 25 


Back with a bony dorsal shield; toes very slightly webbed at the 
base ; tympanum distinct. 


a. Large specimen. Brazil.—In the stomach I found a full-grown 
Cystignathus fuscus. 

6, Adult. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

c. Very large specimen: skin. Brazil. - 


2. Ceratophrys boiei. 
Ceratophrys boiei, Wied, Beitr. i. p. 592; Dum. § Bibr. p. 437. 
Stombus cornutus, Giravenh. Isis, 1825, p. 952. 
boiei, Gravenh. Delic. p. 50. t. 9. f. 1, 2. 
Ceratophrys granosa, Cuv. Réegne Anim.; Guérin, Iconogr. Rept. 
pl. 26. f. 2. 

Back without bony shield; a transverse crest between the eyes ; 

toes slightly webbed at the base; tympanum indistinct. 


a. Adult male. Brazil. 

6, Adult female. South America. 

c,d. Adult. South America. Purchased of Mr. Argent. 
e. Half-grown. South America. 

f. Half-grown. South America. 


3. Ceratophrys megastoma. 


Bufo cornutus, Daud. Rain. p. 102. pl. 58, and Rept. viii. p. 214 
(synon. wrong); Latr. Rept. ii.p. 117. f. 1. 

Rana megastoma, Spix, Test. t. 24. f. 1. 

Ceratophrys daudini, Cur. Regne Anim.; Dum. § Bibr, p. 440. 

Phrynoceros ?, Tschudi, Batr. p. 82. 


Back without bony shield; no crest between the eyes ; toes broadly 
webbed; tympanum distinct. South America. 


4, Ceratophrys ornata. 


Uperodon ornatum, Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 50. pl. 20. f. 2. 
Trigonophrys rugiceps, Hallowell, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1856, 
p. 298, and Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. 1858, pl. 86. 


Back with a bony dorsal shield; upper eyelid slightly pointed, 
triangular ; toes half-webbed ; tympanum indistinct. 


a,b. Adult male andfemale. Buenos Ayres. Presented by Charles 
Darwin, Esq.—Original specimens of Bell’s description and 
figure. 

C. Adult female. Parana. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

d. Large specimen: stuffed. South America. Presented by Lieut. 
Maud, R.N. 


This species is so closely allied to Ceratophrys cornutus, that one can 
hardly understand how one naturalist could have placed it in a genus 
of Bufonide, and how another could have not only established a new 


26 REPTILES. 


genus for it (as if it were a new and remarkable form), but likewise 
have overlooked the characteristic figure of it in a work so well 
known as the “ Zoology of the Beagle.” As for the vocal sac— 
which is wanting altogether according to Hallowell’s examination— 
the internal subgular vocal sac is not only present, but the usual 
openings on each side of the tongue are so large (even in a rather 
small, of course male, individual) that a thick pencil may be introduced 
into them. I have but little doubt that Spix has already given a 
description of this animal, with a bad figure, as Rana scutata. 
Wagler afterwards formed it into his genus Hemiphractus. 


14, HETEROGLOSSA. 


Head nearly as long as the body, and about as long as broad; 
nine teeth in the lower jaw (?); no palatine teeth ; eustachian tubes 
small; tongue suboval, deeply notched behind, attached by a cylin- 
drical pedicel at the centre, entirely free in its posterior half, bound 
down anteriorly along the middle line by cellular tissue, reaching 
from the tip to the pedicel, free laterally except at the apex ; fingers 
free; toes webbed at the base; tympanum distinct (Hallowell). 
Sacral vertebra? 


Heteroglossa, Hallowell, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1857, p. 64. 


1. Heteroglossa africana. 
Hallowell, 1. . 


Chocolate-brown above; abdomen ash-coloured. Gaboon. 


Fam. 2. CYSTIGNATHIDA. 


Ranina with free toes, cylindrical processes of sacral vertebra, 
and without paratoids. 


Synopsis of the Genera. 


1. Cystignathus. Vomerine teeth in two groups or in two oblique 
or curved series; never a large gland. Tropical America; 
Africa (Australia). 


2. Pleurodema. A large gland on each loin. South America. 


3. Limnodynastes. Vomerine teeth in a straight line; no large 
gland on the loin. Australia. 


1. CYSTIGNATHUS. 


Extremities moderate; fingers quite free; toes free, sometimes 
very slightly webbed or fringed. Skin smooth, or with cutaneous or 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. Oy. 


glandular folds ; never a large paratoid-like gland. Vomerine teeth 
in two more or less oblique series or groups, never placed in a straight 
line. Tongue subcircular or oval, entire or slightly nicked behind. 
Tympanum distinct or hidden. Males either with a single subgular, 
or with two lateral vocal sacs, always with two slits at the sides of 
tongue. South America; Africa (Australia). 


Crinia, Tschudi, Batr. p. 78. 

Cystignathus, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 203; Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 392 ; 
Tschudi, Batr. p. 78. 

Rana, sp., auct. prior. 


1. Cystignathus ocellatus. 


Seba, i. 75. 1. 

Rana ocellata, Z. Mus. Ad. Fried. ii. p. 39, and Syst. Nat. i. p. 356 ; 
Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 116; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 108. pl. 34; Daud. 
Rain. p. 61. pl. 19, and Rept. viii. p. 118; Merr. Tent. p. 176; 
Gravenh. Delic, p. 42; Cuv. Regne Anim. 

pentadactyla, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 32. 

eo var., Lacép. Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 548; Bonnat. Enrpét. 


rubella, Daud. Rain. p. 56. pl. 17. f. 1, and Rept. viii. p. 109; 

Latr, Rept. ii. p. 160. 

gigas, Spix, Test. t. 1. 

pachypus, ed. t. 2. f. 1, 2.t.3.f1; Wied, Beitriige, i. p. 540; 
Gravenh. Delic. p. 48. 

i a coriacea, pygmea, Spix, Test. t. 3. f. 2,3. t. 5. f. 2. 
£56. 1. 2. 

sibilatrix, Wied, Beitr. i. p. 545, and Ree. Pl. Col. pl. f. 2. 

Cystignathus pachypus, Wagl. Syst. p. 203, and Icon. Amph. t. 21. 

—— ocellatus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 78; Dum. § Bibr. p. 896. pl. 87. 
f. 4 (mouth). 


Toes fringed on each side; metatarsus with one tubercle; tym- 
panum distinct; vomerine teeth in two arches; skin smooth, in 
younger individuals with longitudinal folds. 


a. Many specimens. Rio Janeiro. Presented by Charles Darwin, 
Esq. 

6-d. Half-grown. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

e-g. Adult and half-grown. Brazil. 

h,z. Adult. Brazil. 

k. Adult. Brazil. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

1. Adult: skin. Brazil. Presented by Mrs. Parker. 

m. Half-grown. Brazil. 

n. Adult male. Dominica. Mus. Guilding as Rana delicatissima. 

o. Large specimen. Demerara. Presented by Col. E. Sabine. 

p. Adult. South America. From Mr. Bates’s Collection. 

q, 7. Adult. South America. From Mr. Brandt’s Collection. 

s. Large specimen: stuffed. South America. 

t. Large specimen: stuffed, South America. From the Haslar 
Collection. 

u. Large specimen: skin. South America. 


28 REPTILES. 


v. Large specimen: skin. South America. From Mr. Stevens’s 
Collection. \ 

w. Young: not good state. South America. 

wv. Adult: skeleton. Brazil. 


y. Adult: female. South America. From a specimen of the Old 
Collection. 

z. Large specimen: skeleton. Brazil. From M. Braconier’s Col- 
lection. 


2. Cystignathus caliginosus. 


se caliginosus, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. 1853, 
p. 22, 

Toes fringed on each side; metatarsus with two tubercles; tym- 
panum distinct ; vomerine teeth in two slightly arched series behind 
the inner nostrils; skin smooth, with a few scattered flat small 
warts. Above brown with some obsolete darker spots ; on the occiput 
a large angular dark blotch. 


a-c. Adult male and female. South America. From the Mus. 
Guilding as Rana gregaria. 
d-g. Adult and young. South America. Mus. Guilding. 


3. Cystignathus fuscus. 


Rana fusca, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 180. 
typhonia, Daud. Rain. p. 55. pl. 56. f. 3, 4. 
virginica, Merr. (not Laur.) p. 177. 
Cystignathus typhonius, Dum. § Bibr. p. 402. 
Toes not fringed; tympanum distinct; vomerine teeth in two 
arches, each very convex. 


a. Adult. Pernambuco. Presented by J. P. G. Smith, Esq. 

6. Adult: stuffed. Antigua. 

ce. Adult: stuffed. South America. From the Haslar Collection. 

d. Large specimen: stuffed. South America. From Mr. Argent’s 
Collection. 

e. Adult; skin. South America. 

jf. Half-grown. South America. From Mr. MacGillivray’s Collection. 


4. Cystignathus gracilis. 
Cystignathus gracilis, Dum. § Bibr. p. 406; D’ Orbigny, Voy. Amér. 
Meérid. t. 13. f. 5-7. 

Tympanum distinct ; vomerine teeth in a long, narrow cross series, 
scarcely interrupted in the middle, and placed behind the internal 
nostrils ; each part slightly convex. Snout conical, pointed; upper 
jaw produced far beyond the lower. A white dorsal band. 


a-c. Adult males. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 
d. Adult female. St. Marthe. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 29 


5. Cystignathus schomburgkii. 


Cystignathus schomburgkii, Z'roschel, in Gay, Historia fisica de Chile, 
1848, and Wiegm. Archiv, 1849, p. 59. 


Tympanum distinct ; vomerine teeth in two rather convex series, 
scarcely separated in the middle, situated behind the inner nostrils. 
Snout rather pointed ; third finger not much longer than first ; second 
much shorter, nearly as long as fourth; toes not fringed. Above 
brown, beneath lighter; no white dorsal band. 


a. Adult. Brazil. From the Leyden Museum.—It is not without 
doubt that I refer this specimen to the above species, as it 
differs from Prof. Troschel’s description in having a black streak 
from the snout through the eye to the loin, and black spots on 
the sides. The upper lip is white, black-edged. 


6. Cystignathus teniatus. 


Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. 1854, p. 226, and U.S. Naval 
Astron. Exped. 1855, ii. p. 207. pl. 34. f 8-11. 


Two black dorsal stripes, a black stripe from the snout through 
the nostril and eye to the shoulder; belly uniform yellowish ; snout 
moderately pointed ; tympanum small, nearly the size of half the eye. 
Vomerine teeth situated a little behind the inner nares, upon two 
very small eminences, well separated upon the middle of the 
palate. Santiago (Chil), 


7. Cystignathus ornatus. 
Holbrook, N. Amer. Herpetol. iv. p. 103. pl. 25. 


Body and head short, as in Hyla viridis; skin smooth; tympanum 
distinct ; tongue nearly circular; vomerine teeth in two rounded 
groups behind the inner nostrils. Dove-colour above with oblong 
spots of dark brown, margined with yellow. 


a. Adult. Georgia. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection Differs in 
haying the back of a uniform olive-colour; sides with three 
black spots, viz. a streak from the eye to the shoulder, an oval 
spot in the middle of the sides, and one or two smailer ones on 
the loin. 


8. Cystignathus nodosus. 


Dum. & Bibr. p. 413. 
Tympanum indistinct. Vomerine teeth in two small, rather 
obliquely arranged groups between the inner nares; fingers and 
toes with large subarticular enlargements. 


a. Adult. Chil. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.—With yel- 
lowish dorsal streak. 

b. Half-grown: bad state. South America. Presented by Charles 
Darwin, Esq. 


30 REPTILES. 


9. Cystignathus senegalensis. 


Cystignathus senegalensis, Dum. § Bibr. p. 418; Smith, Illustr. of 
S. Africa, t. 62. 

Head and body short and swollen, quite smooth; tympanum 
indistinct ; vomerine teeth in two small, obliquely arranged groups 
on a level with the hinder edges of the inner nostrils ; tongue heart- 
shaped. Greyish or yellowish, with three broad brown longitudinal 
bands. South and West Africa. 


a. Adult male. South Africa. Presented by A. Smith, M.D. 


10. Cystignathus argyreivittis. 
Peters, Wiegm. Archiv. 1855, p. 55. 


_ Brownish black, with four white dorsal bands; joints of the 
extremities white banded or spotted. Boror (Mozambique). 


11. Cystignathus georgianus. 
Cystignathus georgianus, Bibr. MSS.; Dun. § Bibr. p. 416; Bell, 
Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 23. t. 16. f. 4. 
Crinia georgiana, 7schudi, Batr. p. 78. 

Tympanum indistinct ; vomerine teeth in two very small groups 
behind the very small inner nostrils ; tongue oblong, entire behind ; 
head moderately elongated; toes quite free. Brown, with rose- 
coloured spots, or with two broad rose-coloured lateral bands. 


a-d, Half-grown and adult: not good state. Australia. Presented 
by Ch. Darwin, Esq. 

e. Adult female. Australia. Presented by A. Giinther, M.D. 

f.g. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 

h. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 


Of the two following species we have only the original specimens, 
upon which Professor Bell has founded his genus Borborocetes, with 
the species grayti and bibronii: these have suffered so much, as not 
to allow me to give my own description of them. On the other hand, 
neither the descriptions nor the figures given by Prof. Bell offer suffi- 
cient characters for their separation as a different genus. I therefore 
place them among the Cystignathi, and refer to the descriptions of 
the “ Zoology of the Beagle.” 


12. Cystignathus grayii. 
Borboroceetes grayii, Bell, 1. c. Rept. p. 30, t. 17. f. 2. 


Vomerine teeth in two oblique series behind the inner nostrils ; 
wrist without tubercle. 


a. Very bad state. Valdivia. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 


BATRACHTA SALIENTIA, 31 


13. Cystignathus bibronii. 


Borboroccetes bibronii, Bell, 1. c. p. 35. pl. 17. f. 1. 
Cystignathus bibronii, Brit. Mus. (not Dum. § Bibr.). 
Vomerine teeth in distinct oblique groups behind the inner nos- 
trils. Wrist with two tubercles. 


a. Very bad state. Chonos. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 


2. PLEURODEMA. 


Head rather short, with obtuse muzzle; extremities moderate ; 
fingers free, with a rudimentary thumb ; toes more or less distinctly 
webbed or fringed; metatarsus with two small blunt tubercles. 
Skin smooth, or with flat scattered warts; on each loin a large pa- 
ratoid-like gland. Vomerine teeth in two groups. Tongue subcir- 
cular, slightly nicked behind. Eustachian tubes moderate. Sacral. 
vertebree not dilated. South America. 


Pleurodema, Tschudi, Batr. p.84; Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 36. 
Cystignathus, sp., Dum. § Bibr. viii. pp. 407, 410. 


1. Pleurodema labyrinthicum. 


Rana labyrinthica, Spix, Test. p. 31. t. 7. f. 1, 2. 
Cystignathus labyrinthicus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 407. 
Lumbar gland enormous, covering nearly the whole side, depressed, 
flat, irregular. Tympanum distinct. 


a, b. Large specimens. Brazil, From the Leyden Museum. 

c. Large specimen: male. Pernambuco. Presented by J. P. G. 
Smith, Esq. 

d. Large specimen: skeleton. Bahia. 

e. Large specimen: male: stuffed. South America. From Mr. Ar- 
gent’s Collection. 

f. Large specimen: female: stuffed. South America. 

g. Large specimen: stuffed. South America. 

h. Large specimen: stuffed. Para. Purchased of Mr. Bagaly. 


2. Pleurodema bufonium. 
Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 39. pl. 17. f. 5. 
? Leiuperus salarius, Bell (see page 22). 

Lumbar gland large, longer than the head is broad, depressed, 
flat, elliptical. Toes nearly half-webbed. Tympanum indistinct. 
a. Adult. Port Desire (Patagonia). Presented by Ch. Darwin, Esq. 
b. Adult. Port Desire (Patagonia). Presented by Ch. Darwin, Esq. 


3. Pleurodema bibroni. 


Pleurodema bibroni, Tschudi, Batr. p. 85. 

Cystignathus bibroni, Dum. § Bibr. p. 410. pl. 87. f. 2. 

Pleurodema darwinii, elegans, Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. pp. 36, 
37. pl. 17. f. 3, 4. 


oF REPTILES. 


Lumbar gland prominent, rounded, oval, not longer than head 
broad. ‘Toes slightly fringed in all varieties. Tympanum indistinct. 


Var. A. Without dorsal streak; lumbar gland whitish, a black 
spot in the centre. , 


a. Adult. Maldonado. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq.—Original 
specimen for Prof. Bell’s Plewrodema darwin not being in a 
good state, and having lost the vomerine teeth. 

b,c. Adult. Chili. 

d. Adult, Chili. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

e. Adult. Chili. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

f. Adult. Shores of Pacific Ocean. 

g,h. Adult. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 

2, Adult. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 

k. Adult female. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin, 
Esq. 


Var. B. With an indistinct dorsal streak, conspicuous only in 
front on the muzzle and on the coceyx. Lumbar gland black, with 
some small white spots in the centre. 


7. Adult male. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 
m. Half-grown. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 


Var. C. Back with a broad whitish longitudinal streak: Plewro- 
dema elegans, Bell. 


n. Adult. Chiloé. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. Original 
specimen of Prof. Bell’s figure. 

o. Adult. Chili. From Mr. Bridge’s Collection. 

p. Adult. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 

q-s. Adult. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 
Intermediate between Var. A. and Var. C. 


3. LIMNODYNASTES. 


Habit rather stout, sometimes with large head; extremities 
rather short ; fingers quite free ; toes quite free or sometimes slightly 
webbed or fringed. Skin smooth or with scattered flat warts, in 
one species a large gland on the calf. Palatine teeth in one long, 
straight, in the middle hardly interrupted series, hehind the inner 
nostrils. Tongue more or less circular, nearly entire behind, Inner 
nostrils and eustachian tubes moderate; tympanum hidden. Males 
with an external subgular vocal sac. Australia. 


Wagleria, Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. vi. p. 421. 

Perialia, Gray, in Eyre’s Journ. Exped. Centr. Austr. i. p. 406. 

Limnodynastes, Fitzinger, Syst. Rept. p. 31; Gray, MSS. 

Cystignathus, sp., Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 409; Gray, in Capt. Grey’s 
West Austr. p. 446. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 33 


1. Limnodynastes dorsalis. 


Limnodynastes dorsalis, Gray, MSS. 

Cystignathus dorsalis, Gray, in Capt. Grey’s West Austr. p. 446, and 
in Eyre’s Journ. Exped. Central Austr. i. App. p. 407, pl. 1. f. 2. 

? Cystignathus peronii, Dum. § Bibr. p. 409. 

On each calf a large paratoid-like gland. Head large, broad; snout 
of moderate length, rounded ; tongue circular, entire behind. Above 
brown, with large, dark, more or less confluent spots; a narrow 
whitish vertebral line. 


a. Adult. West Australia. Presented by J. Gould, Esq. 
b. Half-grown. West Australia. 

c,d. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming *. 
e. Adult. Houtmans Abrolhos. 


2. Limnodynastes tasmaniensis. (Puare II. fig. B.) 


No large gland. Head moderate; snout produced, depressed, flat ; 
tongue cordiform, very slightly nicked behind. Above olive, darker 
spotted, with a narrow whitish vertebral line. 


a-c. Adult. Tasmania. Presented by R. Gunn, Esq. 
d. Adult. New Holland. Presented by the Earl of Derby. 
e, f. Half-grown. New Holland. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq. 


Description.—In habit similar to Discoglossus ; snout rather pro- 
duced, depressed, flat, rounded in front, canthus rostralis obtuse ; 
nostrils in the middle between eyes and end of snout; eyes mode- 
rate, rather prominent; cleft of mouth moderate; a glandular fold 
behind the angle of mouth. Tongue cordiform, very slightly nicked 
behind ; on each side an opening for the single subgular vocal sac in 
the male. Inner nares and eustachian tubes small, round ; vomerine 
teeth in a nearly straight, in the middle hardly interrupted line, 
behind the inner nares. Fingers four; in the adult female the two 
inner ones broadly fringed; carpus with three flat tubercles ; toes 
five, slightly webbed at the base, slightly fringed; metatarsus with 
two small soft tubercles. Skin smooth, some warts hardly conspi- 
cuous. Sacral vertebra not dilated. Olive, with large and small 
dark spots, and a whitish line from the muzzle to the anus; a dark 
streak along each canthus rostralis. Beneath uniform whitish. 
Length of an adult female 12”; length of the hinder extremity 24” ; 
length of the front extremity 1”. 


3. Limnodynastes ornatus. 


Discoglossus ornatus, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 5. 
Perialia ornata, Gray, in Eyre’s Journ. Exped. Centr. Austr. i. App. 
p. 407. pl. 2. £2. 


* Tn the stomach of one of these specimens I found a half-grown Heleioporus 


albo-guttatus: see p. 39. 
D 


34 REPTILES. 


No large gland. Head moderate; nostrils near the muzzle ; 
tongue oval, entire behind ; toes slightly webbed; palatine teeth as 
in the other species. Grey, symmetrically marbled with blackish 
grey on the back; a large whitish spot on the neck. 


a. Adult. N. Australian Expedition. Presented by J. R. Elsey, Esq. 
6. Adult: bad state. N. Australia. From Mr. Gilbert’s Collection. 


Fam. 3. DISCOGLOSSIDZ. 


Rantna with webbed toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra 
dilated, and without paratoid. 


Synopsis of the Genera. 
1. Chiroleptes. First finger opposite to the others. Australia. 


2. Pelodytes. No finger opposite to the others ; tympanum distinct ; 
head without appendages. France. 


3. Discoglossus. Tympanum hidden ; vomerine teeth in a straight 
line. Shores of the Mediterranean. 


4, Leptobrachium. Tympanum hidden; no vomerine teeth. Java. 


5. Megalophrys. Upper eyelid prolonged into a horn; muzzle 
rounded, Hast Indies. 


6. Ceratophryne. Upper eyelid and muzzle prolonged into pointed 
appendages. Sumatra. 


1. CHIROLEPTES. 


Skin smooth, with a few scattered flat warts; fingers free, first 
opposite to the three others ; toes one-third webbed, the first cunei- 
form bone forming a flat oval tubercle with a blunt edge ; tympanum 
distinct; eustachian tubes moderate ; tongue elliptic, very slightly 
notched behind. Vomerine teeth. Australia. 


Alytes, sp., Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 56. 


1. Chiroleptes australis. 
_ Alytes australis, Gray, 1. e. 


Vomerine teeth in two rather oblique and convergent arches, each 
beginning from the inner front angle of the nostrils. Above uniform 
brown, with a blackish streak from the muzzle along the canthus 
rostralis, through the tympanum to the arm-pit. 


a, 6. Half-grown and adult female. Port Essington. From Mr. 
Gilbert’s Collection. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 35 


2. PELODYTES. 


Skin covered with tubercles ; fingers free ; toes webbed (sometimes 
very shortly) ; no finger opposite the other ones; the first cuneiform 
bone forming a rounded prominence. Tympanum distinct ; eusta- 
chian tubes moderate ; tongue oval, free, and nearly entire behind. 
Vomerine teeth. Male with an internal subgular vocal sac. France. 


Pelodytes, (Fitz.) Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 460. 
Alytes, sp., Tschudi, Batr. p. 84. 
Rana, sp., auct. prior. 


1. Pelodytes punctatus. 


Rana punctata, Daud. Rain. p. 51. pl. 16. f. 11, and Rept. viii. p. 100. 
—— plicata, Daud. Rain. p. 58, and Rept. p. 102; Cuv. Regne Anim. 
daudini, Merr. Tent. p. 177. 

Alytes punctatus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 84. 

Pelodytes punctatus, (Hitz.) Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 465. 


Above spotted with black. 


a, 6. France. From the Paris Museum. 
ce. Nantes. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


3. DISCOGLOSSUS. 


Habit raniform. Fingers free, a rudimentary thumb like a 
tubercle ; toes shortly webbed in the female, half-webbed in the 
male. Skin smooth or with scattered flat warts. Tongue nearly 
circular, entire and free behind. Vomerine teeth in a straight line 
between the hinder edge of the internal nostrils. Eustachian tubes 
small; tympanum small, hidden. Male without vocal sac. Shores 
of the Mediterranean. 


Discoglossus, Otth. Neue Denkschriften der Allgemeinen Schweiz. na- 
saafirach, Gesellsch. i. p.6; Tschudi, Batr. p.80; Dum. & Bibr.p. 422. 


Pseudis, sp., Gené. 


1. Discoglossus pictus. 


Discoglossus pictus, Otth, le. f. 1-8; Tschudi, Batr. p. 80; Bonap. 
Faun. Ital.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 425. 

Pseudis sardoa, Gené, Syn. Rept. Sar oe p. 24, and Mem. Acead. Se. 
Tor. ser. ii. tom. 1. p. 257. t. 5. f. 1. 2 

Discoglossus sardus, Tschudi, 1. ¢. ; Bonap. Faun. Tftal. 


Olive, darker marbled; skin more or less covered with flat warts. 


Var. A. picta. Skin nearly smooth; spots not confluent ; some- 
times with one or three whitish longitudinal streaks. 


a-e. Adult. Vienna. From Dr. Heckel’s Collection. 
f,g. Adult. Malta. From Miss E. Attersoll’s Collection. 
Dp? 


36 REPTILES. 


Var. B. sardoa, Skin warty; spots irregular, rather confluent, 
without whitish streak. 


h, Adult male. Sardinia. From the Leyden Museum. 


Var. C. Skin smooth; spots confluent into broad longitudinal 
bands; a whitish dorsal streak. 


i, Adult female. Algiers. 


4, LEPTOBRACHIUM. 


Habit as in Zvalus, but extremities more slender. Skin granular. 
_ Fingers completely free; toes short, webbed at the base; a small 
blunt tubercle on the metatarsus. Tongue rhombic, free, and slightly 
notched behind. Vomerine teeth none; eustachian tubes moderate ; 
tympanum hidden. Diapophysis of sacral vertebra very much dilated. 
Java. 


Leptobrachium, Tschudi, Batr. p. 81. 


1. Leptobrachium hasseltii. 


Rana hasseltii, Mill. in Mus. Lugd. Bat. 
Leptobrachium hasseltii, Zschudh, 1. e. 


Above brown, sides, and sometimes back, dotted with black ; hinder 
legs with indistinct narrow black cross bands. 


a. Adult. East Indies. From Mr. Frank’s Collection. 


5. MEGALOPHRYS. 


Head and body very much depressed; outer edge of upper eyelid 
prolonged into a horn; cleft of mouth large; extremities moderate ; 
vomerine teeth scarce ; tongue circular, free and nearly entire behind. 
Tympanum hidden ; eustachian tubes moderate. Fingers free ; toes 
very shortly webbed; no prominence on the first cuneiform bone. 
Diapophysis of sacral vertebra much dilated. Male without vocal sac. 
Kast Indies. 


Megalophrys, Kuhl, Bull. Soc. Nat.; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 204; 
Tschudi, Batr, p. 82; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 456. 
Ceratophrys, sp., Schlegel, Abbild. p. 29. 


1. Megalophrys montana. 


Megalophrys montana, Kuhl, Mus. Lngd.; Wagl. Syst. p. 204; 
sat ee lc.3 Dum. & Bibr. p. 458 ; Cantor, Catal. of Mal. Rept. 
p. 140. 


Ceratophrys montana, Schleg. Abbild. t. 9. f. 3. 


Olive-brown, with a triangular blackish spot on the head; belly 
marbled with dark brown, or uniform dark brown. Skin with 
scattered cutaneous appendages. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. ot 


a. Adult. India. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray. 
6. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 

ce. Adult. Java. 

d. Half-grown. Philippine Islands.—AIl females. 


Either to this family or perhaps to the next belongs Ceratophryne 
nasuta, Schleg., from Borneo. I know the animal only from a sketch, 
communicated to me by Prof. Schlegel ; the general external appear- 
ance is that of a young Megalophrys montana with a pointed append- 
age in front of the muzzle, similar to the horns of the eyelids; the 
tympanum is distinct; but the sketch leaves it doubtful whether 
there is a web between the toes or not. 


Fam. 4. ASTEROPHRYDID/. 


Rantya with free toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra dilated, 
and without paratoid. : 


One genus. New Guinea. 


1. ASTEROPHRYS. 


Head very large, angular, triangular with very convex crown and 
produced muzzle; upper edge of the eyelid with some cutaneous 
appendages ; extremities moderate. Vomerine teeth numerous ; 
tongue large, entirely adherent. Tympanum hidden, but perfect ; 
fingers and toes free. New Guinea, 

Asterophrys, Tschudi, Batr. p. 82. 
Ceratophrys, sp., Schlegel, Abbild. p. 80. 
1. Asterophrys turpicola. 
Ceratophrys turpicola, (Miller) Schleg. 1. ¢. t. 10. f. 4. 
Uniform brownish (in spirits). 


Fam. 5. ALYTIDA. 


Rania with webbed toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra 
dilated, and with paratoids. 
Synopsis of the Genera. 
1. Alytes. Toes slightly webbed ; tympanum distinct. Europe. 
2. Scaphiopus. Toes completely webbed. North America, 
3. Heleioporus. Toes half-webbed; tympanum hidden. Australia. 


1. ALYTES. 


Habit moderate; skin covered with tubercles and warts; above 
the tympanum a small paratoid. Fingers four, free; toes slightly 
webbed ; the first cuneiform bone forming a small tubercle. Tym- 
panum distinct; custachian tubes small; tongue circular, thick, 
adherent, entire behind. Vomerine teeth. Vocalsac none. Europe. 


38 REPTILES. 


Alytes, Wagl. Natiirliches System der Amphibien, p. 206; Tschudz, 
Batr. p. 84; Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 465. 

Bombinator, sp., Merr. Tent. p. 179. 

Bufo, sp., Rana, sp., auct. prior. 


1. Alytes obstetricans. 


Bufo obstetricans, Laur. Syn. Rept. pp. 28, 128; Brong, Bull. Soe. 
Philom. an viii. p. 91. pl. 6. £4; Latr. Hist. Salam. p. 40, and 
Rept. ii, p. 112; Daud. Hist. Rain. p. 87. pl. 82. f. 1, and Rept. 
viii, p. 176; Cuv. Regne Anim.; Griff: Anim, Kingd. ix. p. 400. 

Rana campanisona, (Gesn.) Laur, 1. c. 80, 133. 

Bufo communis, var., Lacép. Quadr, Ovip. i. p. 579. 

Rana obstetricans, Wolf, in Sturm, Deutschl. Fauna, iii. Heft 4. 

Bombinator obstetricans, Merr, Tent. p. 179; Gravenh. Delic. p. 68. 

Alytes obstetricans, Wagl. 1. c., and Ic. Amph. t. 22. f. 3-5; Schinz, 
Faun. Helvet. p. 145; Tschudi, Isis, 1837, p. 702, and Batr. p. 84; 
Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 467. 


Brownish-olive with darker specks. 


a-c. Adult with eggs. Paris. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 
d. Several specimens. Bonn. Presented by Prof. Troschel. 


2. SCAPHIOPUS. 


Forehead and crown bony, rugose. Skin smooth; above the 
tympanum a small paratoid. Fingers four, webbed at the base ; 
toes completely webbed, first cuneiform bone forming a flat, sharp- 
edged spur. Tympanum distinct ; eustachian tubes moderate. 
Tongue oval, free and slightly nicked behind. Vomerine teeth. 
Male with an internal subgular vocal sac. North America. 


Scaphiopus, Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. p. 109; Tschudi, Batr. p. 83; 
Dum. §& Bibr. viii. p. 471. 


1. Scaphiopus solitarius. 


Scaphiopus solitarius, Holbr, N. Amer. Herpet. iv. pl. 27; Tschudi, 
le.; Dum. & Bibr. p. 473. 


Brownish olive, with a yellow streak on each side. 


a. Adult. North America. Presented by Edward Doubleday, Esq. 
6. Adult. Charleston. Presented by P. L. Sclater, Esq. 


3. HELEIOPORUS. 


Habit stout; head broad, short, swollen; eyes large; extremities 
short; fingers four, free; inner finger with a blunt tubercle and an 
acute spur ; toes five, half-webbed ; first cuneiform bone with a large 
flat spur, more soft and blunt than in Pelobates. Skin of the back 
granular, of the belly smooth; a large paratoid, not prominent, but 
conspicuous by an incision in the skin, as in Rhinophrynus. Vomerine 
teeth in a straight, in the middle interrupted line between the inner 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 39 


nostrils. Tongue round, entire; eustachian tubes as large as inner 
nostrils; tympanum hidden. Sacral vertebra trihedral, pyramidal. 
Australia. 


Heleioporus, Gray, in Grey’s Journ. West. Austral. p. 447. 
Perialia, sp., Gray, in Eyre’s Journ. Exped. Centr. Austral. p. 407. 


1. Heleioporus albo-punctatus. 
Gray, lc. t. i. f. 2. 


Either brownish with white rounded spots, or reddish white 
marbled with brown. 


a. Adult male. West Australia. 

6. Adult male. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 

c. Adult female. Swan River. From Mr. Gilbert’s Collection. 

d, Adult. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 

e. Half-grown. See Limnodynastes dorsalis, No. d. 

f. Half-grown. Australia. From the Collection of the Zoological 
Society. 


Young animal. Above olive with more or less conspicuous brown 
spots; on the sides brown, darker spotted :—Periaha Eyrei, Gray 
in Eyre’s Journal, p. 407. t. 2. f. 3. 

g-k. West Australia. Bank of River Murray. Presented by E. J. 
Eyre, Esq.—Original specimens for Dr. Gray’s figure and 
description. 


Fam. 6. UPEROLIIDA. 


Rania with free toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra dilated, 
and with paratoids. 


One genus. Australia. 


1. UPEROLEIA. 


Habit as in Pleuwrodema; fingers and toes rather slender, quite 
free; metatarsus with a roundish external and a small conical inner 
tubercle. Skin rather warty; on each side of the neck a large 
paratoid. Vomerine teeth none. Tongue small, oblong, rounded, 
entire behind; eustachian tubes small, tympanum hidden. Male 
with an internal subgular vocal sac with two openings. Sacral 
vertebra not much extended. Australia. 


Uperoleia, Gray, in Capt. Grey’s West Austr. p. 448. 
1. Uperoleia marmorata. 
Gray, 1. ¢. 
Black and green marbled, leaving a triangular greenish spot on 
the forehead ; beneath lead-coloured. 


a. Adult male, 14" long: not good state. West Australia. 


AO REPTILES. 


Section IT. Bombinatorina. 
O. oxypacTyLA with maxillary teeth and imperfectly developed ear. 


Fam. 1. BOMBINATORIDA. 


BomBrnaToriIna with webbed toes, with the processes of the sacral 
vertebra dilated, and without paratoids. 


Synopsis of the Genera. 
1. Pelobates, First cuneiform bone forming a flat, sharp-edged 
spur. Europe. 
2. Bombinator. Tongue entirely adherent. Europe. 
3. Alsodes. Tongue free behind; vomerine teeth in two groups. 
Chonos. 
4, Telmatobius. No vomerine teeth. 


1. PELOBATES. 


Head above bony, rough; skin with some flat smooth warts. 
Fingers free; toes webbed; the first cuneiform bone forming a flat, 
sharp-edged spur. No tympanum, nor cavum tympani; eustachian 
tubes lateral, very narrow. Tongue circular, free, and slightly 
nicked behind. Vomerine teeth in an interrupted line between the 
interior nostrils. Vocal sac none, but a large gland on the upper 
arm of the male. Europe. 

Pelobates, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 206; Tschudi, Batr. p. 83; Dum. & 
Bibr. viii. p. 475. 

Cultripes, Miiller, in Tiedem. Zeitschr. fiir Physiol. iv. p. 212, and 
Isis, 1832, p. 336. 

Bufo, sp., Rana, sp., auct. prior. 


1. Pelobates fuscus. 


Rosel, Hist. Ran. iv. p. 69. t. 17-19; Goze, Europ. Faun, vii. p. 87. 

Bufo fuscus, Laur. Syn. Rept. pp. 28, 122; Daubent. Encycl. Méth. iii. 
p- 595; Bonnat. Erpét. p. 15; Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 196; Latr. 
Rept. ii. p. 109; Daud. Hist. Rain. p. 81. pl. 80. f. 1, and Rept. viil. 
p. 161; Cuv. Regne Anim.; Merr. Tent. p. 187. 

Rana fusca, Meyer, Syn. Rept. p. 10; Sturm, Deutschl. Fauna, iii. 
Heft 1; Gravenh. Delic. p. 32. 

alliaca, Shao, Zool. iii. p. 146. pls. 41, 42. 

Bombina marmorata, Koch, in Sturm, Deutschl. Fauna, iii. Heft 5-6. 

Pelobates fuscus, Wagl. l. e.; Bonap. Faun. Ital.; Tschudi, 1. ¢. ; 
Cuvier, Illustr. Rept. pl. 38. f.1; Dum. & Bibr. p. 477. 


Crown and occiput convex. Spurs brown or yellowish. 
a,b. Adult. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray. 
c. Adult. France. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 
d,e. Adult. Paris. Presented by M. Verreaux. 
f,g. Walf-grown. Paris. 
h, Adult: skeleton. Bondy. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 41 


2, Pelobates cultripes. 


Rana cultripes, Cuw. Regne Anim. 

Cultripes provincialis, Miiller, in Tiedem. Zeitschr. Phys. iv. p. 212, 
and Iss, 1832, p. 538, 

Cultripes minor, Miller, 1. c. (young). 

Pelobates cultripes, Tschudi, Batr. p. 83; Dum. § Bibr. p. 483. 


Crown and occiput flat. Spurs black. 
a. Adult. France. Presented by M. Verreaux. 


2. BOMBINATOR. 


Habit moderate. Skin covered with tubercles and warts; fingers 
free, toes webbed ; the first cuneiform bone forming a rounded pro- 
minence. No tympanum nor cavum tympani; eustachian tubes lateral, 
rudimentary, minute or wanting. Tongue nearly circular, entire, 
very thin, entirely adherent. Vomerine teeth in two small groups 
between the inner nostrils. Vocal sac none. 


Bombinator, Merrem, Tent. p. 179; Cuv. Regne Anim.; Tschudi, 
Batr, p. 84; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 206; Blasius, Wirbelthiere ; 
Dum. §& Bibr, viii. p. 485. 

Bufo, sp., Rana, sp., auct. prior. 


1. Bombinator igneus. 


Rana bombina, Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 101, and Syst. Nat. p. 855 ; Bon- 
nat. Erpétol. p. 4; Sturm, Deutschl. Fauna, ui. fig. 5; Latr. Hist. 
Sal. p. 39. 

Bufo Seas Résel, Hist. Ran. vi. p. 97. t. 22, 23; Laur. Syn. Rept. 
pp. 29, 129; Bonnat. l.c. p. 18; Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 187; 
Latr. Rept. ii. p. 110; Griff’ Anim. Kingd. ix. p. 401; Daubent. 
Erpét. pp. 604, 611, 635, 680; Lacép. Quadr. Ovip. i. pp. 535, 595, 

Rana ignea, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 116. pl. 35. 

Bufo bombinus, Daud. Rain. p. 75. pl. 36, and Rept. viii. pp. 146, 
433; Schinz, Faun. Helvet. p. 145. 

Bombinator igneus, Merr. Tent. p. 179; Gravenh. Delic. p. 67; Cav. 
Régne Anim. ; Tschudi, Batr, p. 84; Bonap, Faun. Ital.; Dum. & 
Bibr. p. 487. 

bombina, Wagl. Syst. p. 206. 

brevipes, Blasius, Warbelth. 

pachypus, (Fitz.) Bonap. Faun, Ital. 


Beneath orange, marbled with bluish black. 


. Adult. Europe. 

. Adult. Europe. Presented by the Zoological Society. 
Adult. Europe. 

. Adult. Europe. 
Adult. Etrope. 

. Adult. France. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

. Half-grown. Hanover. Presented by Dr. J. E. Gray. 


STS QS S&S 


42 REPTILES. 


3. ALSODES. 


Head convex, crown smooth. Tongue acutely produced in front, 
rounded and free behind. Palatine teeth in two small close patches 
between the interior nostrils. Fingers four, short, webbed at the base 
(inner toe broad, fringed). Toes webbed to the third phalange. 
(Bell. —Tympanum, cavum tympanicum, tuba eustachii, wanting. 
Diapophysis of sacral vertebra appears to be a little dilated towards 
the end. 


Alsodes, Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, p. 41. 


1. Alsodes monticola. 
Bell, luc, pl. 18. £. 3. 
Green, sides yellowish brown. In spirits smoky brown. 


a. Bad state. Island of Inchy, Chonos Archipelago. Presented by 
Charles Darwin, Esq. 


The following genus is known to me only by Wiegmann’s descrip- 
tion and by letters from my friend, Dr. E. v. Martens; according to 
the latter, the vomerine teeth are certainly absent in the specimen in 
the Berlin Museum; and, as in Alsodes monticola, the inner toe is 
fringed, which I consider to be a sexual character. 


4, TELMATOBIUS. 


Head short, with flat crown. Tongue oval, not pointed in front, 
rounded and free behind. No palatine teeth. Fingers four, short, 
with a rudimentary membrane between ; toes webbed. 


Telmatobius, Wiegmann, Nov. Act. 1835, p. 262. 


1. Telmatobius peruvianus. 
Wiegmann, 1. c. t. 22. £. 2. 


Above with many very small horny warts. Above brown, with 
a darker longitudinal band, anteriorly crossed by two transverse 
streaks. Peru. 


Section III. Brachycephalina. 


O. oxypactyLa without maxillary teeth and with imperfectly de- 
veloped ear. 


Fam. 1. PHRYNISCIDA. 


BRACHYCEPHALINA With webbed toes, with the processes of sacral 
vertebra dilated, and without paratoids. 


One genus. Tropical America. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 43 


1. PHRYNISCUS. 


Head moderate, with distinct muzzle, angular ; body raniform ; 
cleft of mouth moderate ; extremities moderate ; teeth, none in jaws 
nor in palate; tongue elongate, free and entire behind. No tym- 
panum nor cavum tympani; eustachian tubes closed or conspicuous ; 
_ skin entirely or partially warty and spiny or smooth ; metatarsus with 
two small blunt and flat tubercles. Fingers four, toes five, half-webbed. 
Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. Tropical America, 


Phryniscus, Wiegm. Nov. Act. Leop. 1834, p. 264; Dum. § Bibr, viii. 
p. 722; Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, p. 48. 

Chaunus, sp., Zschudi, Batr. p. 87. 

Phrynidium, Martens, in Nomenclat. Rept. Mus, Zool. Berol. 1856, p. 40. 

Hylemorphus, Fitzinger, Mus. Vienn. 


1. Phryniscus nigricans. ~ <~* at alld 
Phryniscus nigricans, Wiegm. l.c.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 723; Bell, Zool. 
of the Beagle, p. 49. t. 20. f. 38-5. 


Chaunus formosus, (Mus. Leyden) Tschudi, 1. e.; D’Orbigny, Voy. 
Amér, Meérid. t. 15. f. 1-4. 


All upper and lateral parts covered with warts and small spines ; 
head short, snout very blunt, the elongated outlines forming a rather 
obtuse angle ; crown not concave; plantar and palmar surface and 
tarsus very rough and tuberculous ; all fingers quite free. Above 
and beneath black ; arm-pit, some spots on the belly and anus white. 


a-c. Maldonado. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 
d, Adult. Montevideo. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 


2. Phryniscus levis. (Puare III. fig. A.) 


Upper parts without spines, with flat warts or quite smooth; head 
moderate ; snout rather protruding, the elongated outlines forming a 
rather acute angle; canthus rostralis swollen, so as to render the 
crown concave ; plantar and palmar surface with flat smooth tuber- 
cles, not rough ; tarsus with a cutaneous fold at the inner edge ; first 
and second fingers half-webbed. Above brownish black, beneath 
whitish ; anus brownish. 

a,b. Adult male andfemale. Panama. From M. Puffeis’ Collection. 
c. Adult. Quito. 
d, ¢. Young: bad state. Chili. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection, 


Description.— Habit like Bombinator zgneus; head angular, with 
swollen canthus rostralis, so as to render the crown and the loreal 
region concave ; snout rather protruding, perpendicularly truncated, 
but rounded in front; mouth moderately cleft; nares small, lateral. 
All upper parts without spines, except upper side of thigh and hu- 
merus; crown quite smooth; back with some flat smooth warts ; 
sides, upper parts of thigh and humerus with spiny warts. Extre- 
mities short ; humerus as long as the occiput is broad ; fore-arm rather 
shorter; thigh and calf as long as humerus ; first and second fingers 


44 REPTILES, 


half-webbed, in one specimen the membrane is only rudimentary ; 
toes half-webbed. Tongue elongate, ovoid, behind rather broader ; 
on each side, in the male, a cleft for the gular sac ; eustachian tubes 
and inner nares small, Size of Bombinator igneus. 


3. Phryniscus cruciger. (Puare III. fig. B.) 
Phrynidium crucigerum, Martens, /. c. p. 41. 


Upper parts without spines, with a few flat warts; snout pointed, 
much protruding, obliquely truncated, the prolonged outlines forming 
an acute angle; canthus rostralis not swollen, crown flat; extremi- 
ties slender ; plantar and palmar surface nearly smooth ; tarsus with 
a cutaneous fold at the inner edge; first and second fingers with a 
rudimentary membrane between; first finger short. Above olive, 
punctulated with black and more or less regular figures; beneath 
uniform whitish. 


a-d, Adult. Curanna (2000 feet). From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 


Description.—Habit rather slender, raniform. Head angular, 
canthus rostralis not or not much swollen; crown and loreal region 
rather flat; nose much protruding, rather rounded in front, obliquely 
truncated, reaching far beyond the mouth; the lateral outlines, if 
prolonged, would form an angle of about 55°. Mouth moderately 
cleft; nares small, lateral, narrow. Back with only a few small 
flat warts ; crown of head quite smooth ; upper parts of the extremi- 
ties covered with small warts; from the eye along the side of back 
near to the anus a series of flat, large, spmy warts; spiny warts on 
the sides scarce; under parts quite smooth. Extremities rather 
slender; humerus much longer than occiput broad; thigh and calf 
nearly equal in length, much longer than humerus. ‘Toes half- 
webbed. Tongue much elongate, narrow, entire behind; inner 
nares small, eustachian tubes none.- Only on the right side of the 
tongue a cleft for the vocal sac. Above olive, punctulated with 
black ; black crossing streaks between the shoulders, three radiating 
towards the forehead and the two eyelids; black irregular streaks 
on the back and the legs, sometimes wanting ; a black lateral streak 
along the series of warts, running through the eye; beneath uniform 
whitish. Body of the largest specimen 3" long. 


I doubted a long time whether the above specimens form a separate 
species, or whether they belong to Phrynidiwn erucigerum, established 
and published by Martens in 1856. He found, by a closer examina- 
tion of the Berlin specimens, that Phrynidium agrees with Phryniscus 
in the structure of the car. But then the only differences between 
the two genera would be, that the former has one tubercle on the 
metatarsus and a smooth skin. Both these characters are produced 
by an imperfect preservation of the Berlin specimens, at least as 
regards Phrynidium crucigerum. The metatarsal tubercles are very 
flat, and become easily invisible ; and the same is the case with the 
lateral spiny warts, which are so characteristic of the species. 
Perhaps they are more pronounced in the male (see Bufo agua, p. 64). 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 45 


4, Phryniscus varius. 


Atelopus varius, Stannius, Handb. der Zoot. 2. Aufl. Amph, p. 16. 
Phrynidium varium, Martens, 1. ¢. p. 40. 


Skin smooth; muzzle rather elongate. Black, with smaller or 
larger yellow spots; lips and tips of the fingers yellow; legs with 
yellow spots or cross bands; belly yellow. Veragoa. 


5. Phryniscus olfersii. 


Phryniscus olfersii, Martens, Nomenclator Rept, Mus. Zool. Berol. 
1856, p. 40. 


Skin entirely smooth; humerus shorter than the occiput is broad. 
Fingers and toes quite free. Above brownish red, beneath paler ; 
sides with a brown, white-edged band from the muzzle. Brazil. 


Fam. 2. BRACHYCEPHALIDA. 


BRACHYCEPHALINA with free toes, with the processes of sacral ver- 
tebra dilated, and without paratoids. 


Synopsis of the Genera. 


1. Pseudophryne. Five distinct toes; metatarsus with one or two 
small blunt tubercles. Australia. 


2. Brachycephalus. Back with a bony shield. Tropical America. 


3. Hemisus. Metatarsus with a flat, oval, sharp-edged spur. 
Africa. 


1. PSEUDOPHRYNE. 


Head moderate, with distinct muzzle, rounded; cleft of mouth 
moderate; extremities rather short; teeth, none in jaws nor in 
palate; tongue elongate, free and entire behind. Eustachian tubes 
rudimentary; no tympanum nor cavum tympani*; skin smooth, 
with some flat warts; metatarsus with one or two small blunt 
tubercles ; fingers four, toes five, all quite free. Males with an in- 
ternal subgular vocal sac. Australia. 


Phryniscus, sp., Dum. § Bibr. 
Pseudophryne, Fitzinger, Syst. Rept. p. 32. 
Bombinator, sp., Gray. 

1. Pseudophryne australis. 


Bombinator australis, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soe. 1835, p. 57; Eyre, Journ. 
Exped. Centr. Austr. i. App. p. 407. pl. 1. f. 1. 
Phryniscus albifrons, Dum. § Bibr. ix. p. 413. pl. 100. f. 3. 


* I have only examined the structure of the ear in Pseudophryne australis. 


46 REPTILES. 


Above brown; forehead and crown, a streak along the caudal 
vertebra and some spots on the extremities yellow; beneath brown, 
with some large elliptical yellow spots. Metatarsus with one 
tubercle. 


a. Adult. Swan River. Presented by J. Wright, Esq. (Original 
specimen of Dr. Gray’s Bomb. australis, and different from 
Bibron’s Phryn. australis: cfr. Erpét. Génér. viii. p. 725.) 

b, Adult. Australia. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 


2. Pseudophryne bibronii. 
Phryniscus australis, Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 725. pl. 100. f. 2, 4. 


Above olive, no white on the head; beneath white, variegated 
with brown. Metatarsus with two small tubercles. 


a. Adult. Australia. Presented by the Earl of Derby. 

6. Adult. Australia. 

c,d. Adult: not good state. Van Diemen’s Land. Presented by 
Sir W. J. Hooker. 


2. BRACHYCEPHALUS. 


Head moderate ; muzzle distinct, rather tapering; cleft of mouth 
moderate ; extremities moderate ; fingers four, free, last rudimentary, 
scarcely visible; toes five, free, the two outer ones rudimentary. 
Teeth, none in jaws nor in palate; tongue elongate, elliptic, entire. 
Eustachian tubes rudimentary; no tympanum nor cavum tympani. 
Skin smooth; on the back a bony shield, formed by the dilated pro- 
cesses of six dorsal vertebrae. Sacral vertebra only feebly dilated. 
Tropical America. 


Brachycephalus, Fitz. Neue Class. Rept. p. 89; Wagl. Syst. Amph. 
p. 207; Tschudi, Batr. p. 87; Dum. § Bibr. p. 726. 

Kphippifer, Cocteau, Mag. Zool. Guérin, ii. 1835, eum fig. 

Bufo, sp., Spex, Spec. Nov. Test. p. 48. 


1. Brachycephalus ephippium. 


Bufo ephippium, Spix, Spec. Nov. Test, t. 20. f. 2. 

Brachycephalus ephippium, Fitz. l.¢.; Wagl. 1.e.; Tschudi, 1. c.; 
Dum. §& Bibr. p. 729. 

Ephippifer spixii, Cocteau, 7. ¢. 


Dull yellowish, sometimes with a large black dorsal spot. 


a. Many specimens. Brazil. Purchased by Dr. Gardiner. 
b-d. Adult. Tropical America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 47 


3. HEMISUS. 


Head very small, not distinct from body ; muzzle distinct, pointed ;. 
mouth beneath the muzzle, small; thigh and arms rather short ; 
teeth, none in jaws nor in palate; lower jaw with three tooth-like 
protuberances in front. Tongue elliptical ; no tympanum, no cayum 
tympani, no eustachian tubes*; fingers four, quite free; toes five, 
free; metatarsus with a flat, sharp, oval spur. Africa. 


Engystoma, sp., Rapp. 


1. Hemisus guttatum. 


Engystoma guttatum, Rapp, in Erichson’s Archiv, 1842, p. 290, t. 6. 
f. 3,4; Smith, Ill. of S. Afr. App. p. 27. 


Skin smooth. Above blackish brown with round whitish spots, 
beneath uniform whitish. 


a. Adult. Kordofan. 

b, Adult. Africa. From Mr. Frank’s Collection as Z. guineense (?). 

ec. Adult: not good state. Africa. From the stomach of a Lepto- 
deira rufescens. 


The separation of this species from the Indian Diplopelma and 
the American Engystoma appears to be the more justified, as, besides 
the different structure of the ear, it differs in having a perfect cla- 
vicula, entirely wanting in the genera mentioned. 


To this genus perhaps belongs Engystoma marmoratum, Peters, 
Wiegm. Arch. 1855, p. 58. Mozambique. 


Section IV. Bufonina. 
O. oxypactyLA without maxillary teeth and with perfectly deve- 
loped ear. 
Fam. 1. RHINODERMATIDZ. 
Burontna with webbed toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra 
dilated, and without paratoids. 
Synopsis of the Genera. 
1. Rhinoderma. Muzzle ending in a dermal lobe. Chili. 
2. Atelopus. Outer toe indistinct. Cayenne. 
3. Uperodon. Vomerine teeth. East Indies. 


4. Diplopelma. Five distinct toes; muzzle distinct, rounded in 
front; no vomerine teeth. East Indies. 


* juous half, and ods ear. 


48 REPTILES. 


1. RHINODERMA. 


Head narrow, rather elongate; muzzle ending in a horizontal 
dermal lobe; mouth moderate; extremities moderate ; fingers four, 
a rudimentary membrane between; toes five, half-webbed; an 
indistinct tubercle on the talon. Teeth, none in jaws nor in palate ; 
tongue rather broader and slightly nicked behind; eustachian tubes 
small. Skin smooth; tympanum hidden; male with an internal 
subegular vocal sac. Chili. 

Rhinoderma, Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 657; Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, 
Rept. p. 47. 
1. Rhinoderma darwinii. 
Rhinoderma darwinii, Dum. § Bibr. p. 659; Bell, 1c. p. 48. pl. 20. 
f.1,2 
Blackish, throat and breast black, belly white. 


a-d. Adult. Chili. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 
e. Adult. Chili. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 
f. Adult: bad state. Chili. 


2, ATELOPUS. 


Tongue elongate, subelliptical, entire, rounded and equal at each 
end. ‘Teeth, none in jaws nor in palate. Tympanum hidden ; 
eustachian tubes moderate; fingers four, depressed, quite free* ; 
toes five, outer one indistinct, the other four flattened and webbed at 
the base. Metatarsus without any tubercles. Male with an in- 
ternal subgular vocal sac (Dum. & Bibr.). 


Atelopus, Dum. & Bibr. p. 660. 


1. Atelopus flavescens. 
Atelopus flavescens, Dum. § Bibr. p. 661. 
Yellowish, spotted with brown. Cayenne. 


3. UPERODON. 


Head rather short, not very distinct from body; muzzle distinct, 
broad, rounded; mouth small; thigh and arms rather short; only 
palatine teeth. Tongue large, circular, entire. 'Tympanum hidden ; 
paratoids none; eustachian tubes moderate. Fingers four, quite 
free; toes five, half-webbed. Sacral vertebra dilated. Male with 
an internal subgular sac. East Indies. 


Uperodon, Dum. § Bibr. p. 746. 
Systoma, (not Wagler) Tschudi, Batr. p. 86. 
Engystoma, sp., Cuv. Regne Anim. 
* T have never seen the animal: in the diagnosis of the genus, Bibron describes 
the fingers as “‘ complétement libres ;” but in the description of the only species, 
he says, “un rudiment de membrane réunit les doigts 4 leur base.” 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 49 


1. Uperodon marmoratum. 


pe ae marmoratum, Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Guérin, Iconogr. Rept. 
pl. 27. f. 3. 

Systoma leschenaultii, Tschudi, Batr. p. 86. 

Uperodon marmoratum, Dum. § Bibr. p. 749. 


Olive mottled with brown; metatarsus with two large flat, oval 
tubercles; a membranaceous prominence behind each inner nostril. 


a-c. Adult and half-grown. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, 
Esq. 

d, Adult female: skeleton. Madras. Presented by J.C. Jerdon, Esq. 

e. Adult. India. 

f. Adult: not good state. India, From Mr. Parrey’s Collection. 


The skeleton of this species is highly interesting from the total 
absence of a clavicula, which peculiarity was not observed in any of 
the Batrachia anoura, and of which the two following genera partake. 
We know too little of the mode of life of these animals to bring it in 
connexion with a physiological peculiarity. Together with the cla- 
vicle, the manubrium sterni is absent. Both scapula and coracoid 
are very strong, and the latter has a much dilated inner end, for 
forming a long suture with that of the other side; the xiphoid is 
formed by two thin dilated bony plates with a suture between, and 
together representing a circular, rather concave plate. The supra- 
scapula is not entirely ossified, having in the middle a cartilaginous 
interspace separating the two bony branches from one another, as 
we find to be more or less the case in many other frogs and toads. 
The humerus as well as the femur are provided with a sharp ridge 
along the upper half of the inner side, the ridge of the humerus being 
broader, about as broad as the diameter of the bone itself; the first 
cuneiform bone is very enlarged, much more than in Pelobates fuscus. 
The configuration of the skull is very aberrant; all the bones of the 
cranium being perfectly ossified, large and broad, those of the max- 
illary and mandibular arch weak and slender. The upper surface of 
the skull is smooth; the parietal bones are swollen and convex 
behind, without sharp crest ; they are truncated in front, the angle 
formed by the sutura coronata and sagittalis being a right one, whilst 
in other frogs the front part of the parietal bones is pointed, and 
therefore that angle is an acute one. The frontals are large, irre- 
gularly five-sided. Mine vertebre: the atlas has no diapophyses, 
but these are present in the rest; they are of great length in the 
second, third and fourth vertebre, directed forward in the second, 
backward in the fourth, longest and horizontal in the third; they 
are short in the fifth to the eighth vertebrae. The diapophyses of the 
sacral vertebra have about the same size and form as in Bufo calamita, 
each representing an isosceles triangle. The coccygeal style and the 
iliac bones are slender, cylindrical, the former with a low sharp ridge, 
the latter with a prominent tubercle on the hinder end, and both 
branches forming a much acuter angle than in Bufo calamita. 


E 


50 REPTILES. 


4. DIPLOPELMA. 


Head small, hardly distinct from body; muzzle distinct, rather 
pointed; mouth small; thigh and arms rather short ; teeth, none in 
jaws nor in palate. Tongue elongate, elliptic, entire. Tympanum 
hidden ; eustachian tubes very small. Skin smooth; fingers free, 
toes one-third webbed; two small blunt tubercles on the talon*. 
Male with an internal subgular vocal sac. East Indies. 


Engystoma, sp., Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 745. 
Siphneus, Fitz. Syst. Rept. p. 33. 


1. Diplopelma ornatum. 
Engystoma ornatum, Dum. § Bibr. p. 745. 


Talon with two tubercles; skin smooth; eyes moderate. Toes 
one-third webbed. 


Var. A. A broad dark brown dorsal band, disappearing with age ; 
sides brown; a single oblique brown streak from the hip to the 
thigh ; legs with a few obsolete cross-bands. 


a. Many specimens. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 
b,c. Young. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 

d. Adult female: skeleten. Madras. Presented by J.C. Jerdon, Esq. 
e. Adult. India. Presented by Captain Sir E. Belcher. 


Var. B. Between the eyes a black cross-band ; on the back some 
arrow-shaped bands, one of which is always darker than the others ; 
hinder part of the back and thighs with dark, black-edged spots. 


f. Adult male. China. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq. 

g. Adult. China. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq. 

h-k. Adult and young: not good state. China. Presented by J. 
Reeves, Esq. 

1. Adult. Hong Kong. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq. 

m. Adult male. Hong Kong. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq. 

n. Adult male. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

o. Adult. India, From the Haslar Collection. 


The structure of the skeleton of this species agrees in many points 
with that of Uperodon. As well as I can determine, in a not very well 
prepared skeleton, the general configuration of the skull is much the 
same, but the occiput is flat and the vomerine teeth are wanting. 
The diapophysis of the fourth vertebra is the longest, all the others 
being much shorter; the diapophysis of the sacral vertebra is not 
quite as much dilated as in Uperodon. ‘The structure of the extre- 
mities is the same, and the clavicula is likewise absent, together with 
the manubrium sterni. 


* Sumddos double, and wéApa sole. Fitzinger’s name Siphneus is preoccupied 
by a genus of mammals. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 51 


Fam. 2. ENGYSTOMATIDZ. 


Buroyta with free toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra di- 
lated, and without paratoids. 


Synopsis of the Genera. 


1. Engystoma. Head not distinct; muzzle pointed; tympanum 
hidden. Tropical America, 


2. Breviceps. Head and muzzle confounded with body ; tympanum 
hidden. South and West Africa. 


3. Chelydobatrachus. Head protruding, globular; tympanum di- 
stinct. Australia. 


1, ENGYSTOMA. 


Head very small, not distinct from body ; muzzle distinct, pointed ; 
mouth small; thigh and arms rather short ; teeth, none in jaws nor 
in palate. Tongue elongate, elliptic, entire. Tympanum hidden ; 
eustachian tubes very small. Fingers four, quite free; toes five, 
free. Males with an internal subgular sac. Tropical America. 


Engystoma, Fitz. N. Classif. Rept. p. 65; Dum. § Bibr. p. 738. 
Stenocephalus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 86. 

Microps, Wagler, Isis, 1828, p. 744, and Syst. Amph. p. 200. 
Oxyrhynchus, (Valenc.) Guérin, Iconogr. Rept. 

Bufo, sp., Rana, sp., auet. prior. 


The species of this genus exhibit no clavicula. 


1, Engystoma ovale. 


Rana ovalis, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 13; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 3. 

Bufo surinamensis, Daud. Rain. pl. 33. f. 2, and Rept. vill. p. 184. 

ovalis, Daud. Rain. p. 92, and Rept. viii. p. 187. 

Rana bufonia, Merr. Tent. p. 177. 

Engystoma ovale, Fitz. Neue Classif. Rept. p. 65; Dum. §& Bibr. 
. TAL, 

Odyhiyiehts bicolor, (Valenc.) Guérin, Iconogr. Rept. pl. 27. f. 2. 

Microps unicolor, Wagl. /. c. 

Stenocephalus microps, Tschudi, Batr. p. 86. 


Talon with only a single tubercle ; muzzle pointed ; eyes mode- 
rate ; skin smooth; a white streak along the hinder side of the 
thighs. 


a. Adult. America. From Mr. Frank’s Collection. 


2. Engystoma carolinense. 


Engystoma carolinense, Holbr, N. Amer. Herpet. v. p. 23. pl. 6; 
Dum. & Bibr. p. 743. 
carolinense et olivaceum, Hallowell, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 251. 


Talon with one (exceptionally with two) tubercles ; muzzle rather 
E2 


52 REPTILES. 


obtuse ; eyes moderate ; skin smooth ; thighs without white streak ; 
sometimes a cutaneous fold across the occiput. 


a. Adult. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. Talon with 
two tubercles. 

b, c. Adult and half-grown. New Orleans. 

d, e. Half-grown and young. North America. Presented by Ed- 
ward Doubleday, Esq. 

f. Adult: fine specimen. Cordova. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 
Rose-coloured ; back with an irregular broad dark band ; sides 
of the head and body brown; hip with a round black spot ; legs 
with three broad black-edged bands ; belly white, marbled with 
brown; throat brown, marbled with white. 

g, h. Half-grown. Cordova. From M. Sallé’s Collection. One of 
these specimens agrees with the former ; the other one, probably 
a female, with Z. olivaceum, Hallowell. 


3. Engystoma rugosum. 
Engystoma rugosum, Dum. & Bubr. p. 744. 
Talon with only a single tubercle. Skin rugose. 


a. Half-grown. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 


4. Engystoma microps. 
Engystoma microps, Dum. § Bibr. p. 744. 


Talon with only a single tubercle ; muzzle much pointed; skin 
smooth ; eyes excessively small (Dum. & Bibr.). Brazil. 


2. BREVICEPS. 


Head very short, confounded with body ; muzzle indistinct, mouth 
small; thigh and arms very short, indistinct ; teeth, none in jaws 
nor in palate ; tongue oval, entire. Tympanum hidden ; eustachian 
tubes very small. Fingers four, toes five, all quite free. South and 
West Africa. 


Breviceps, Merr. Tent. p. 178; Dum. & Bibr. p. 752. 

Systoma, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 205; Tschudi, Batr. pp. 47, 86. 
Engystoma, sp., Cuv. Régne Anim. 

Rana, sp., Bufo, sp., auct. prior. 


1. Breviceps verrucosus. 


Breviceps verrucosus, Rapp, in Erichson’s Archiv fiir Naturgesch. 
1842, p. 289. t. 6. £5; Smith, Ill. of S. Afr. App. p. 27. 


Above and beneath covered with perforated granular glands ; head 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 523 


not prominent ; muzzle distinct, its outlines forming a convex line. 
Either uniform blackish brown or with brownish-yellow spots. 


a. Adult male. South Africa. Uniform blackish brown. 

b. Adult female. South Africa. Above brown, with four series of 
brownish-yellow spots; along the middle of back brown ; be- 
neath dull yellowish. 


2. Breviceps gibbosus. 


Seba, ii. 37. 3. 

Bufo acephalus, Klein, Quadr. Disp. p. 121. 

Rana gibbosa, Z. Mus. Ad. Fried. p. 48, and Syst. Nat. p. 355. 

Bufo gibbosus, Laur. Syn. p. 27; Daub. Erpét. p. 594; Lacép. Hist. 
Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 599 ; Bonnat. Erpét. p. 17; Latr. Rept. ii. p. 119 ; 
Daud. Hist. Rain. p. 80. pl. 29. f. 1. pl. 35. f. 2, and Rept. viii. p. 158. 

Rana breviceps, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 140; Shave, iii. p. 170. pl. 52. 

Breviceps gibbosus, Merr. Tent. p. 178; Gravenh. Delic. p.69; Dum. 
& Bibr. p. 754; Smith, Ill. of S. Afr. App. p. 27. 

Engystoma dorsatum et granosum, Cuv. Regne Anim. 

Systoma breviceps, Wagl. Syst. p. 205; Tschudi, 1. c. 


Skin in adult specimens not granular ; head completely confounded 
with the body; muzzle not distinct, its outlines forming a slightly 
convex line. Brown, with a broad, brownish-yellow, serrated dorsal 
band ; an obsolete lateral streak of the same colour. 


a. Adult: discoloured. South Africa. From Mr. Brandt’s Collection. 
b,c. Young. South Africa. 


Both the species are provided with a clavicula. 


3. CHELYDOBATRACHUS. 


Body short, broad, rather depressed ; head protruding, globular, 
small; extremities excessively short; mouth small; teeth, none in 
jaws nor in palate; tongue rather elongate, elliptical, free and en- 
tire behind. Tympanum distinct ; eustachian tubes nearly as large 
as inner nares, moderate. Skin smooth, with a few flat warts, rather 
rugose. Fingers (four) and toes (five) quite free. Australia. 


Chelydobatrachus, Gray, Brit. Mus. 


1. Chelydobatrachus gouldii. 


Breviceps gouldii, Gray, in Capt. Grey’s West Australia, t. . f. 
Chelydobatrachus gouldii, Gray, Brit. Mus. 


Smooth with a few scattered tubercles ; above greyish brown, be- 
neath lighter. 


a. Adult. West Australia. From Mr. Gilbert’s Collection. 
6. Adult. West Australia. Houtman’s Abrolhos. 


After haying removed the skin and the musculus rectus abdominis, 


54 REPTILES. 


which, being much developed, takes its originfrom the upper part of the 
humerus as well as from the sternum, we see the large liver divided 
into one right lobe and two left ones; the gall-bladder is situated 
between the right and the middle lobe, fixed to the parenchyma ; 
the stomach on the left side, filled with ants; the intestina tenuia 
have a wide diameter, not much narrower than the rectum, which is 
placed in the medial line. The eggs are very large, half the size of 
a pea, and there are only twenty to twenty-four in one ovariwm; no 
sign of an embryo is visible therein, although the eggs appear to be 
ripe for being laid. I could not find a bladder. There is a clavicula 
as well as a coracoid bone. 


Fam. 3. BUFONIDZ. 


Buronina with webbed toes, with the processes of sacral vertebra 
dilated, and with paratoids. 


Synopsis of the Genera, 


1. Kalophrynus. Skin smooth; skin of the back forming one large, 
flat paratoid, _ Hast Indian Islands. 


2. Bufo. Crown flat, or with moderate ridges; muzzle rounded or 
truncated; no cutaneous fold on the sides; paratoids promi- 
nent. Almost every part of the globe except Australia. 


3. Otilophus. Crown with two enormous erect ridges; muzzle 
pointed; a large cutaneous fold on the sides; paratoids pro- 
minent. South America. 


1. KALOPHRYNUS. 


Head small, angular; body as in Engystoma; muzzle distinct, 
rather pointed; mouth small; thigh and arms rather short; teeth 
none in jaws nor in palate; tongue oval, free, and very slightly 
notched behind. Tympanum round, very distinct ; eustachian tubes 
moderate. Skin with smooth surface, but very thick on the back, 
and entirely glandular, like a paratoid. Fingers four, quite free ; 
toes five, shortly webbed. Sacral vertebra dilated. Borneo. Su- 
matra. 


Kalophrynus, Zschudi, Batr. p. 86. 


1. Kalophrynus pleurostigma. 
Mus. Lugd. Bat. 


A white streak from the nose along the canthus rostralis, the edge 
of upper eyelid and the sides of back; on each hypochondrium a 
dark brown round spot. 


a. Adult female. Borneo. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 55 


2. BUFO. 


Head moderate, muzzle distinct, truncated, eye moderate; thigh 
and arms rather short ; teeth, none in jaws nor in palate. Tongue 
elliptical, entire, free behind. Tympanum more or less distinct ; 
paratoids very distinct, swollen; skin more or less warty. Eusta- 
chian tubes moderate. Fingers four, quite free; toes five, generally 
half-webbed, sometimes entirely webbed; a blunt (in B. anomalus 
sharp) tubercle at the base of the first toe. Males generally with a 
single internal vocal sac. Almost every part of the globe except 
New Holland. 


Bufo, auctorwm. 


1. Bufo vulgaris. 


Rana rubeta, Gesner, Hist. Anim. ii. p. 59. 

Bufo terrestris major, Schwenckfeld, Theriotroph. Stiles. p. 159. 

Rana bufo, Z. Mus. Ad. Fried. p. 48, and Syst. Nat. i. p. 854 ; Roesel, 
p. 85. t. 20,21; Mill. Zool. Dan. Prodrwp. 35; Meyer, Syn. Rept. 
p. 8; Sturm, Deutschlands Fauna, iii. Heft 1; Shaw, Zool. iii. 
p- 158. pl. 40. 

Bufo vulgaris, Law. Syn. Rept. pp. 28, 125; Daub. Dict. Anim. p. 612 ; 
Lacép. Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 568; Bonnat. Encycl. p. 16; 
Latr. Rept. i. p. 106 (B. roeselii, ventricosus) ; Daud. Rept. viii. 
p. 159 (B. cinereus, roeselii, spimosus, ventricosus) ; Shaw, Zool. 
Lect. pl. 91; Cuv. Réegne Anim.; Guérin, Iconogr. pl. 27. f. 1; 
Wagl. Syst. p. 207; Eichw. Zool. Spec. p. 67; Faun. Casp.-Caucas. 
p. 127. t. 51; Jenyns, Brit. Vertebr. p. 30; Holandre, Faune 
Départ. Moselle, p. 223; Schinz, Faun. Helvet. p. 144; Tschudi, Batr. 
p- 88; Bonap. Fauna Ital. pl. ; Bell, Brit. Rept. p. 105. fig. — ; 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 670 (Synonyma complete). 

cinereus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 185; Merr. Tent. p. 182; 
Gravenh. Delic. p. 62. 

—— palmarum, Cuv. Regne Anim. 

— alpinus, Schinz, 1. c. 


Crown flat, without bony enlargement. Paratoids oblong, ellip- 
tical, edged below with black. Tarsus without cutaneous fold. 
Toes half-webbed. Olive or brownish, sometimes black-spotted ; 
beneath whitish, sometimes black-spotted. 


A. European variety. Glands of the back generally smooth, 
without horny surface, flat, numerous. 


a. Adult: skeleton. England. 

5. Adult female. England. Mus. Leach. 

ce. Adult. Devonshire. Mus. Leach. 

d. Adult. Isle of Arran. Mus. Leach. 

e. Adult. Isle of Arran. Mus. Leach. 

f. Adult. Paris. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

g, h. Adult. Sine patria. 

7. Adult: stuffed. Athens. Presented by C. W. Merlin, Esq. 
k. Adult: skeleton. Sicily. 


56 REPTILES. 


1, Adult. Sicily. (B. palmarum.) 
m. Young: discoloured. Sine patria. 
m, 0. Larve. Bononia. Presented by J. J. Bianconi. 


B. Asiatic varieties. Sides very distinctly marbled with black ; 
belly black-spotted. Glands with horny surface. 


a. Bufo gargarizans, Cantor, Ann. of Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 483. 
Tubercles not numerous, of unequal size. 


p,q Adult and young. Chusan. Presented by the Hon. East 
India Company. 

r,s. Adult. Chusan. Presented by the Hon. Kast India Company. 

t-v. Half-grown and young. Chusan. 


2. Bufo vulgaris japonicus, Schlegel, Faun. Jap. 106. t. 2. 
f. 5, 6.—Tubercles numerous, of nearly equal size. 


w, x, Adultand half-grown. Ningpo (China). From Mr. Cuming’s 
Collection. 

y, z Half-grown. Ningpo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

a-é. Adult and half-grown. Japan. From the Leyden Museum. 


2. Bufo chilensis. 


? Bufo thaul, Mohna, Hist. Nat. Chili, p. 194; Schneid. Hist. Amph. 
p. 227; Merr. Tent. p. 181. 

thaul, Garn. et Less. Voy. Cog. ui. pl. 7. f. 6. 

chilensis, (Mus. Paris) Tschudi, Batr. p. 88; Eydoux et Soul. 

Voy. Bonite, Rept. t. 9. £.1, 2; Bell, Zool. Beagle, p. 49; Dum. & 

Bibr. p. 678. 

spinulosus, Wiegm. Nov. Act. xvii. t. 22. f. 3; Tschudi, Batr. 

p. 88. 


Crown without bony enlargement. Paratoids short, subtriangular. 
Tarsus with a cutaneous fold at the inner edge*. Toes half-webbed. 
Tympanum very distinct. Olive or brownish, with darker, sometimes 
confluent spots; beneath whitish, uniform or black-spotted. 


a. Adult. Valparaiso. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 

b-d. Adult. Chili. 

e. Adult. Chili. 

f. Half-grown, Chil. 

g. Half-grown. Chili. From Mr. Bridge’s Collection. 

h,i. Young. Chili. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 

k. Adult. Chili. Presented by J. B. Pentland, Esq. 

1, Adult. California. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection.—This agrees 
with the specimens from Chili, except in having a darker colo- 
ration, and a very narrow whitish vertebral line. 


* Bibron is wrongin denying the existence of this cutaneous fold: all the speci- 
mens in the British Museum Collection exhibit it very well developed. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 57 


3. Bufo anomalus. 


Crown without bony enlargement, flat ; paratoids of moderate size, 
subquadrangular ; tarsus with a series of small rough tubercles at the 
inner edge ; first cuneiform bone with a sharp, horny edge, black as 
in Pelobates cultripes; the opposite tubercle much smaller, rounded, 
black at the tip. Toes half-webbed, the third finger longer than the 
fourth, the third toe longer than the fifth. Upper parts and sides of 
the neck with small spiny warts. Tympanum hidden, very small, 
about one-fifth of the eye. Olive, upper and lateral parts irregularly 
spotted with black ; belly yellowish, with a few small black spots. 


a. Adult male. Mexico. Purchased of M. Parzudaki. 


Length of the body 12”; length of the anterior extremity 1” ; 
length of the posterior extremity 2’.—This interesting species differs 
from all the others in having a sharp metatarsal tubercle and an ex- 
ceedingly small tympanum. It may hereafter prove to be the type 
of a separate genus. The denomination “ anomalus” I found on 
the label of the bottle containing the animal, without any indication 
where and by whom the name was given. 


4. Bufo calamita. 


Roesel, Hist. Ran. t. 24; Pennant, Brit. Zool. iii. p. 19. 

Bufo calamita, Lawr. Syn. Rept. p. 27. t. 1. £1; Daub. Encyel. iii. 
p: 296; Lacép. Hist. Nat. Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 592; Bonnat. Encycl. 
p. 18; Latr. Rept. ii. p. 114; Daud. Hist. Rain. p. 77, and Rept. 
vill. p. 153; Merr. Tent. p. 182; Cuv. Réegne Anim.; Gravenh. 
Delic. p. 65; Wagl. Syst. p. 207; Eichw. Zool. Spec. iii. p. 167 ; 
Jenyns, Brit. Vert. p. 302 ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 88; Bonap. Faun. Ital. ; 
Bell, Brit. Rept. p. 116. fig. . 

Rana foetidissima, Herm. Aff. Anim. Tab. p. 260. 

portentosa, Llwmenb. Handb. p. 243 ; Sturm, Deutschlands Fauna, 

iu. Heft 1. 

Bufo cruciatus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 193. 

Rana mephitica, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 149. 

Bufo rubeta, Fleming, Brit. Anim. p. 159; Jenyns in Trans. Cambr. 
Phil. Soc. 1830, p. 373. 

—— portentosus, Schinz, Fauna Helvet. p. 144. 

viridis, part., Dum. & Bibr. p. 681. 


Crown without bony enlargement. Paratoids elliptic, not black- 
edged; a paratoid-like gland on the upper side of legs. Tympanum 
hidden. Toes half-webbed. Brownish, with rounded black spots ; 
a yellowish vertebral line, sometimes wanting ; belly whitish, 
generally black-spotted. 


a-c. Adult and young. Blackheath. 

d,e. Adult. Cambridgeshire. 

f. Adult. Kerry, Ireland. Presented by Dr. Purcell. 
g,h. Young. Hamburg. Presented by Dr. Fricker. 
2. Adult. Calais. Presented by W. Leach, M.D. 


58 REPTILES. 


k-m. Adult and half-grown. Europe. Old Collection. 
n-q. Young. Hurope. 

vr. Adult: stuffed. Europe. 

s. Adult: stuffed. Europe. 

t. Adult: skeleton. Europe. 


5. Bufo viridis. 


Bufo viridis, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 111; Daub. Encycel. Méth. p. 696 ; 
Lacép. Quadr, Ovip. i. p. 586; Bonnat, Enecyel. p. 17; Schneid. 
Hist. Amph. p. 200; Latr. Rept. ii. p. 115; Daud. Hist. Rain. 
p. 79. pl. 28. f. 2, and Rept. vil. p. 156; Bibr. & Bory de:St. Vine. 
Expéd. Sc. Morée, Rept. pl. 15. f. 2,3; Bonap. Faun. Ftal. fig. 
Dum. §& Bibr. p. 682 (Synonymy). 

Rana bufina, Ihill. Prodr. Zool. Dan. p. 293; Retz. Faun. Suee. 
p: 283; Bonnat. l.c. p. 17. 

sitibunda, Pall. Reis. i. p. 458. 

variabilis, Pall. Spic. Zool. vii. p. 1. t. 6. f. 1, 2; Sterm, 

Deutschlands Fauna, iti, Heft 2; Cuv. Réegne Anim.; Merr. Tent. 

p- 180; Gravenh. Delic. p. 63; Wagl. Syst. p. 207; Eichw. Zool. 

Spec. iii. p. 167; Tschudi, Batr. p. 88; Schinz, Faun. Helv. p. 145 ; 

Eichw. Faun. Caspio-Caueas. p. 126. 


; 


Crown without bony enlargement. Paratoids elliptic, not black- 
edged ; no large gland on the upper side of legs ; tympanum rather 
indistinct, not quite half the size of eye. Toes half-webbed; third 
finger rather longer than fourth. ‘Two soft, blunt tubercles of 
moderate size on the metatarsus, not coloured. Olive, with darker, 
brownish, black-edged, generally kidney-shaped spots ; never a dorsal 
streak ; beneath uniform whitish. 


a. Adult. Europe. Presented by A. Russell, Esq. 

b-d, Adult. Germany. Purchased of Dr. Heckel. 

. Half-grown. Mediterranean. Presented by Mr. Miller. 

. Adult. Turin. Presented by Prof. Bonelli. 

. Adult. Xanthus. Presented by Charles Fellows, Esq. 

. Half-grown. Crimea. Presented by B. L. Hawkins, Esq. 

. Adult: discoloured. Euphrates. From Capt. Chesney’s Expe- 
dition. 

. Half-grown. Euphrates. From Capt. Chesney’s Expedition. 

l, Adult. Kurdistan. 

m. Many specimens. Tripoli. 

n. Adult. Tripoli. Presented by J. Ritchie, Esq. 

o-q. Half-grown. Tripoli. Presented by J. Ritchie, Esq. 

7, Adult. Egypt. Presented by J. Burton, jun., Esq. 

s. Adult. Egypt. (Bufo hemprichii, Mus. Vienn.) 

t-v. Half-grown. Egypt. Presented by M. Lefebvre. 

w,x. Young. Guezama. Presented by Sir W. C. Trevelyan. 

y. Adult: stuffed. Sine patria. 


oe MOSK 


Sl 


This species, so well known in the south of Germany, never 
exhibits a large gland on the legs, as is represented in vol. vii. of 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 59 


the Erpétologie générale, where the species is confounded with B. cala- 
mita, frequently found in the north of Germany and in this country. 
B. viridis is closely allied to B. pantherinus, and the circumstance 
of both being found together in North Africa has almost alone pre- 
vented me from uniting the species. 


6. Bufo pantherinus. 


Geoffr. Descript. de lEg. Rept. pl. 4. f. 1, 2. 

Bufo pantherinus, Boe, Mus. Lugd. Bat.; Tschudi, Batr. p. 88; 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 687. 

—— arabicus, Reipp. Atl. Rept. t. 3. f. 2. 

regularis, Reuss, Mus. Senck. i. p. 60. 


Crown without bony enlargement, rather concave. Paratoids 
elliptic, not black-edged ; no large gland on the upper side of legs ; 
tympanum very distinct, half the size of eye or more. Toes half- 
webbed ; third finger rather longer than fourth. Olive or brownish, 
with darker, black-edged, kidney-shaped large spots. Beneath uni- 
form, in young specimens black-spotted. 


a. Adult. Africa. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

6. Adult. Africa. (B. nubicus.) 

c-e. Adult. Egypt. Presented by A. Christy, Esq. 

f-h. Half-grown. Egypt. Presented by A. Christy, Esq. 

i,k. Adult. Tunis. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 

1, Adult. Tangiers. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 

m. Adult: stuffed. Algiers. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

nm. Adult: stuffed. Algiers. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

o. Adult. W. Africa. From Mr. Rich’s Collection. 

p,q. Adult: discoloured. Gambia. 

ry. Adult. South Africa. Presented by Dr. A. Smith. 

s. Adult female. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Dr. A. Smith. 

t. Half-grown: bad state. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by the 
Zoological Society. 

u-z. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Jamrach’s Collection.—Hinder side 
of legs beautiful purple, with brown spots. 


There are moreover in the Collection two specimens belonging to 
Dr. Smith’s Bufo angusticeps, the condition of which does not allow 
me to give an exact diagnosis; but I am rather disposed to consider 
this species as identical with B. pantherinus. 


Bufo angusticeps, Smith, Il. of S. Afr. pl. 69. f. 1, la. 
a. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by the Lords of the Admiralty. 
b. South Africa. 
7. Bufo guineensis. 
Mus. Ingd. Batav. 


Crown without bony enlargement, broad, quite flat. Paratoids 


60 REPTILES. 


narrow, much elongate, not black-edged, parallel to the vertebral 
line; no large gland on the upper side of legs; tympanum very 
distinct. Toes half-webbed ; third finger slender, much longer than 
fourth. Brownish, with four-or five pairs of large, dark, black- 
edged spots; sometimes with a very narrow whitish vertebral line. 


. Adult. West Africa. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 
Adult. Fernando Po. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 
Adult. Coast of Guinea. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 
. Adult. Coast of Guinea. From Mr. Frank’s Collection. 
Young. Sierra Leone. 


Sass 


8. Bufo tuberosus. (Pxare IIT. fig. C.) 


Crown without bony enlargement, broad, rather concave. Para- 
toids not elongate, oblique, oval, not black-edged; no large gland 
on the upper side of legs; tympanum distinct, small, round. Toes 
not quite half-webbed; fingers slender, third much longer than 
fourth. Uniform dirty brown, with some obsolete darker blotches ; 
beneath dull yellowish, spotted with brown. Above and beneath 
very warty ; warts covered with horny spines. 


a. Adult. Fernando Po. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 


Description of the specimen.—No other Toad in the British Museum 
Collection exhibits such a warty and rough skin ; on the back the 
warts bear a horny spine in the centre, surrounded by a ring of 
other ones. In general appearance the species is somewhat similar 
to B. pantherinus, but the snout is angular and slightly compressed. 
Skin of head closely adherent to the skull; a series of tubercles 
along the canthus rostralis ; eyelids covered with numerous, high, 
conical tubercles. Cleft of mouth moderate ; edge of upper jaw sharp ; 
tongue very narrow, much elongate. Paratoids with a very rough 
surface, obliquely situated on the shoulder, regularly oval, once and a 
half as long as broad. Back covered with small conical tubercles and 
with larger warts, bearing spines as above mentioned. Under parts 
covered with numerous conical tubercles, but without warts. Ex- 
tremities rather slender ; metacarpus with two blunt tubercles, larger 
than those on the tarsus; along the under side of each finger and 
toe a series of very prominent, smooth, rounded tubercles. Toes 
not quite half-webbed. Inner edge of tarsus not folded, tuberculous. 
Size of B. viridis. 


9. Bufo celebensis. 
Mus. Iugd. Batav. 


Crown broad, rather flat; along the canthus rostralis a sharp low 
ridge, forming a convex line in front; another bony and not sharp 
enlargement, beginning from the inner edge of eyelid, bent outwards, 
and swollen on the occiput, not continuous with the anterior ridge. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA, 61 


Paratoid situated behind the swollen end of the bony enlargement, 
elongate, oval; tympanum rather indistinct. Toes not quite half- 
webbed ; tarsus without cutaneous fold. 


a. Adult. Celebes. From Mr. Frank’s Collection as Bufo daudinii. 
6. Adult. India. From Mr. Parrey’s Collection. 


10. Bufo melanostictus. 


Bufo melanostictus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 216; Gravenh. Delic. 
p- 57; Cantor, Catal. of Malayan Rept. p. 142. 

scaber, Daud. Hist. Rain. p. 94. pl. 34. f. 1, and Rept. viii. p. 194; 

Latr. Rept. ii.p. 184; Tschudi, Batrach. p. 88; Dum. & Bibr. p. 699. 

bengalensis, Daud. Rain. p. 96. pl. 35. f. 1, and Rept. viii. p: ter; 

Lesson, Voy. Bel. Rept. p. 334. 

carinatus, Gray, Ind. Zool. pl. 


Crown concave, with a bony enlargement round the orbit above, 
and bent down between orbit and paratoid. Paratoids moderate, 
prominent, ovoid. Toes half-webbed; tarsus tuberculous, without 
cutaneous fold. Back and sides with conical spine-bearing tubercles. 


a. Adult. China. 

6, c. Adult. China. Presented by J. Reeves, Esq. 

d. Adult. China. Presented by J. Reeves, Esq. 

e, f. Adult. China. 

g. Adult. China. 

h, Adult: not good state. China. 

7. Adult. China. 

k, Adult. China. 

1. Half-grown. China. From the Haslar Collection. 

m,”. Young. China. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq. 

o-q. Half-grown. Sikkim. Presented by Dr. Hooker. Back rather 
more warty. 

r. Adult. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 

s. Adult: skin. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. * 

t,u. Adult and half-grown. Bengal. Presented by the Zoological 
Society. 

v-w, Adult and half-grown. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, 
Esq. 

y. Adult: stuffed. Madras. 

z,a. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Col- 
lection. 

@-e. Half-grown and young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Col- 
lection. 

£,. Adult. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. Kelaart. 

9. Adult. Java. 

t, «. Half-grown. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 

A, wp. Adult. Borneo, 

vy. Half-grown. Borneo. 


* The specimens from Northern India have rather larger paratoids. 


62 REPTILES. 


é. Adult. Philippine Islands. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
o. Adult. India. Purchased. 

az. Adult. India. Presented by the Zoological Society. 

p. Adult. Asia. 

ox. Adult. Asia. Presented by the Earl of Derby. 

y. Half-grown. Asia. 


11. Bufo asper. 


Bufo asper, Leyd. Mus.; Gravenh. Delic. p.58; Tschudi, Batrach. 
p- 88; Dum. § Bibr. p. 668. 

Crown concave, swollen round the orbit above, but not forming a 
crenulated ridge, with a large bony enlargement between the orbit 
and paratoid. Paratoids moderate, subtriangular. Tarsus with a 
cutaneous fold internally. Back and sides with conical spime-bear- 
ing tubercles. 


a. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 
b, c. Adult: not good state. Mergui. Presented by Prof. Oldham, 


12. Bufo biporcatus. 


Bufo biporcatus, (Schleg.) Tschudi, Batr. p. 88; Gravenh. Delic. p. 53 ; 
Dum. & Bibr. p. 714. 


Forehead and crown concave, on each side a bony ridge, both 
convergent anteriorly, parallel and straight posteriorly. Snout 
rather compressed in front. Paratoids small, oval; tympanum very 
distinct. Toes two-thirds webbed; tarsus without cutaneous fold 
at the inner edge. 


a,b. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 


13. Bufo cruentatus. 


Bufo cruentatus, Leyd. Mus.; Tschudi, Batrach. p.88; Dum. & Bibr. 
p- 665. 


Two paratoids on each side,—one on the neck, the other one near 
the shoulder. 


a, Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 


14, Bufo isos. 
Bufo isos, Lesson, Voy. Bel. Rept. p.333. pl. 7 ; Dum. & Babr. viii. p. 702. 


Upper edge of the orbits rather prominent; edge of the upper 
jaw free, sharp, and slightly nicked in the centre. Paratoids twice 
as long as broad, rather pointed behind, rounded in front. Tympa- 
num large, distinct. Toes entirely webbed. Edge of tarsus tuber- 
culous, without cutaneous fold (Dum. & Bibr.). Asia; Bengal. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 63 


15. Bufo lentiginosus. 


Rana terrestris, Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol. 11. pl. 69; Bart. Travels in 
Carol. p. 279. 

musica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 854 (incorrect description). 

Bufo lentiginosus, Shaw, Zool. ii. p. 173. 

musicus, Latr. Rept. ii. p. 127; Daud, Hist. Rain. p. 9. pl. 33. 

f. 3, and Rept. viii. p. 190; Merr. Tent. p. 185; Gravenh. Deli. 

p: 59; Tschudi, Batrach, p. 88. 


A bony ridge above and behind the ocular edge, forming together 
a right angle; first finger rather longer than second; paratoids 
oblong, elliptic; toes half-webbed; tarsus without cutaneous fold. 
Brownish olive, with a yellowish vertebral line; two dark brown 
transverse spots between the eyes; back and sides with dark brown 
spots; belly uniform whitish, or marbled with brown. 


Var. A. Bufo americanus, (Leconte, MSS.) Harlan, Journ. 
Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. vy. p. 344; Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. 
y.t.4; Dum. & Bibr. p. 695.—Bony ridges moderate, not 
swollen behind. 


a. Adult. Puerto Cabello. From Mr. Brandt’s Collection. 

b. Many specimens, half-grown and young. Brazil. Presented by 
Dr. Gardiner. 

c. Young. Great Bear Lake. Presented by Sir J. Richardson. 

d. Adult. N. America, Presented by Dr. J. Green, named by Mr. 
Holbrook. 

e-h. Young. N. America. Presented by Edward Doubleday, Esq. 

in. Adult and half-grown. N. America. Presented by Edward 
Doubleday, Esq. 

o. Adult. America. 

p. Adult. America. 

q. Adult: not good state. America. 

vr. Young. America. 

s, t. Very large. America. From Mr. Jamrach’s Collection. Warts 
very large and spiny. 


Var. B. Bu‘o musicus, Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. 
v. p. 344; Dum. & Bibr. p. 689; Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. 
y. pl. 1—Bony ridge swollen behind. 


u. Adult. New York. From Mr. Brandt’s Collection. 

v-«. Half-grown and young. Lake Winnipeg. Presented by Sir 
J. Richardson. 

y. Many specimens. N. America. Presented by Edward Double- 
day, Esq. 

z,a. Adult. N. America. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq. 

f. Young: has been dried. N. America. Presented by Odo Russell, 
Esq. 

y- Half-grown. N. America. 

5. Adult. Mexico. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

e. Adult. America. Presented by the Zoological Society. 

n. Adult. America. 


64. REPTILES. 


16. Bufo leschenaultii. 


Bufo leschenaultii, Bibr. in Mus. Par.; Tschudi, Batrach. p. 89; 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 666. 


Crown without bony enlargement; muzzle truncated; paratoids 
subtriangular, large; toes nearly free; a tarsal cutaneous fold. 
Guiana. 


17. Bufo ocellatus. 


Crown rather flat, with two bony ridges, beginning from the 
snout, much divergent posteriorly, each bifid behind; snout rather 
pointed, protruding. Paratoids indistinct, not swollen; tympanum 
very distinct, much higher than broad. Above covered with nume- 
rous nearly equal warts, beneath granulated. Toes half-webbed ; 
tarsus with two tubercles, without cutaneous fold. Back brown, with 
a narrow yellow vertebral line separating four or five pairs of black, 
yellow-edged spots; sides punctated with yellow ; belly punctated 
with black. , 


a. Adult. Brazil. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 


18. Bufo ornatus. 


Bufo ornatus, Spix, Spec. Nov. Test. t. 16. f.1; Gravenh. Delic. p. 54; 
Wied, Abbild. tab. . 

dorsalis, Spix, l.c. t. 17. £2; Wied, Rec. Pl. Col. 

cinctus, Wied, Beitr. i. p. 564, and Abbild. tab. 

melanotis, Dum. § Bibr. p. 710. 


Crown concave, with a bony enlargement round the upper and 
hinder edge of orbit; snout obtuse, rounded. Paratoids moderate, 
elongate, oval; tympanum very distinct. Toes half-webbed; tarsus 
with a series of small tubercles along the inner edge. A large 
brown oblique streak across the tympanum ; back with a yellowish 
dorsal line, and a few pairs of brown spots on each side of it. 


a. Adult. Rio de Janeiro. Presented by the Lords of the Admi- 
ralty. 

b. Half-grown: bad state. Rio de Janeiro. 

c. Half-grown. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

d. Half-grown. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

e. Half-grown. Brazil. Purchased of Dr. Gardiner. 

f,g. Half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

h, i. Half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

k. Half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

1. Half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

m. Half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

n, Adult. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

o. Young: bad state. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

p. Adult. Brazil. 

g. Adult: bad state. Puerto Cabello. From Mr. Brandt’s Col- 
lection as B. cinctus. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 65 


vy. Adult: bad state. Puerto Cabello. From Mr. Brandt’s Col- 
lection. 

s, t. Half-grown. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 

u-x. Adult and half-grown. §. America. Presented by Charles 
Darwin, Esq. (Named in the Paris Museum Bufo melanotis.) 

y-B. Adult. S. America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 

y. Adult: stuffed. America. From Mr. Argent’s Collection. 


19. Bufo agua. 


Seba, i. 76. 1. 

Rana marina, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 856; Laur. Syn. p.31; Daubent. 
Dict. p. 624; Lacép. Quadr. Ovi. i. p. 539; Bonnat. Encycl. p. 6. 
Bufo marinus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 219; Shavw, Zool. iii. p. 155; 

Merr. Tent. p. 182; Gravenh. Delic. p. 54. 
agua, Lair. Rept. ii. p. 13; Daud. Rain. p. 99. pl. 37, and Rept. 
vill. p. 209; Cuv. Réegne Anim. ; Spix, Spec. Nov. Test. p. 44. t. 15; 
Wied, Reise nach Bras. i. p. 52, ii. p. 241, and Rec. Pl. Col. pl. , and 
_ Beitr. i. p. 551; Tschudi, Batrach. p. 88; Dum. § Bibr. p. 703. 
horridus, Daud. Rain. p. 97. pl. 36, and Rept. viii. p. 201. 
humeralis, Daud. Rept. viii. p. 205. 
Bombinator horridus, Merr. Tent. p. 179. 
Bufo maculiventris, lazarus, stellatus, scaber, Spiz, J. c. 
ictericus, Spix, U.c.; Gravenh. l. ec. 


Crown concave, with a bony enlargement round the upper and 
hinder edge of orbit. Paratoids enormous, rhomboidal or oval, or 
elliptic. Toes half-webbed; tarsus with a cutaneous fold at the 
inner edge. 


a. Adult. America. 

b. Adult. America. Purchased. 

ce. Adult. America. 

d. Adult. America. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

e. Adult. America. 

f. Adult. America. 

g. Adult. §S. America. From Mr. Bates’s Collection. 

h, i. Half-grown. Buenos Ayres. Presented by Charles Darwin, 
Esq. Paratoids very narrow, elongate. 

k, 1. Half-grown: skin. Brazil. Presented by Mrs. Parker. 

m,n. Adult. Brazil. 

o. Adult. Brazil. From Mr. Clausen’s Collection. 

p. Adult. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

q, r- Adult and half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Charles Darwin, — 
Esq. 

s. Adult. Bahia. 

t. Adult. Rio de Janeiro. Presented by the Lords of the Admi- 
ralty. 

U. Adult, Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

v. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

w, «. Adult and half-grown. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

y. Half-grown. Para. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 

- 


66 REPTILES, 


R 


. Very large specimen. Upper Essequibo. Presented by Sir R. 
Schomburgk. 

. Very large specimen. Demerara. 

. Adult. Demerara. Presented by Captain Sabine. 

. Adult: stuffed. Demerara. 

Adult: female. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 

Adult: male. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection *. 

Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 

. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 

. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 

Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. Olive, mar- 
bled with brown. 

x, \. Half-grown and young. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cuming’s 

Collection. 


T SINT YR DEA 


p. Large specimen. Mexico. 

v. Young: bad state. Mexico. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 

—. Adult. Jamaica. 

o. Adult. Jamaica. Back with a few large, brown, black-edged 
spots. 

. Half-grown: skin. America. From Mr. Argent’s Collection. 

. Adult: stuffed. America. From the Haslar Collection. 

. Adult: dried. America. ; 

. Skeleton. S. America. 

. Skeleton. Brazil. 


erardy 


20. Bufo nebulifer. 


Bufo granulosus, Baird § Girard, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1852, p. 173. 
nebulifer, Girard, 1. c. 1854, p. 87; Hallow. ibid. 1856, p. 308. 


Crown very concave, on each side with a high ridge, beginning 
from the nostril, not confluent with that of the other side, bifid 
behind, one branch ending above the tympanum, and the other one 
on the occiput; edge of the upper jaw not dilated. Paratoids short, 
round, or triangular; tympanum very distinct. Toes half-webbed ; 
tarsus without cutaneous fold. A vertebral line and a broader 
lateral band of yellowish-white colour; between the bifurcation of 
the two ridges a black streak across the crown; a few pairs of black 
spots along the vertebral line, 


a. Adult. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

b, Adult. Mexico. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection as B. hispidus. 
c. Adult: female. Mexico. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 

d. Half-grown. Mexico. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 

e. Adult. Texas.’ From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

f. Adult. Central America. From Mr, Cuming’s Collection. 


* There cannot be the least doubt that these specimens from Guayaquil belong 
to the same species; the male is rather smaller, and exhibits all the warts covered 
with spines, whilst in the female only some of the warts exhibit a horny surface. 
Other male specimens in the Collection show the same peculiarity. In this spe- 
cies the size of the tympanum is subject to some variation in specimens from 
the same locality and with the same external characters. 


BATRACHTA SALIENTIA. 67 


21. Bufo peltocephalus. 
Bufo peltocephalus, Bibr. Mus. Paris; Tschudi, Batrach. p.89; Bibr. 


in Ramon dela Sagra’s Hist. ile de Cuba, Rept. pl. 30; Dum. § Bibr. 
p. 712. 


Crown concave, an irregularly crenulated ridge above the orbit 
and along the canthus rostralis; snout obtuse, rounded. Paratoids 
moderate, oval or elliptical, obliquely situated. Toes half-webbed ; 
tarsus with a cutaneous fold at the inner edge. 


a—c. Adult and half-grown. Cuba. Presented by the Zoological 
Society. 
d, Adult. Cuba. 
22. Bufo d’orbignyi. 


D Orbigny, Voy. Amér. Meérid. t. 15. f. 5-7. 
Bufo d’orbignyi, Dum. § Bibr. p. 697. 

Crown on each side with a sharp bony ridge, Y-shaped poste- 
riorly ; edge of upper jaw dilated behind ; first finger rather shorter 
than second; paratoids short, very small; toes half-webbed. 
Brownish olive, with indistinct darker spots, a yellowish vertebral 
line beginning from the snout; belly uniform whitish ; crown with- 
out black cross-streak. 


a—c. Adult and half-grown. Montevideo. Presented by Charles 
Darwin, Esq. 

d. Adult. Montevideo. 

e. Young. Chili. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 

Ff. Young. Rio Chupat. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 


23. Bufo granulosus. (Parte V. fig. A.) 


Bufo granulosus, Spix, Spec. Nov. Test. t. 21. f. 2. 

strumosus, pt., Dum. § Bibr. p. 716. (Exemplaires du Brésil, 
de la Guyane et de Cayenne, avec une série de petits tubercules le 
long du bord interne du tarse. ) 


Crown rather flat, not very concave, with a slight bony enlarge- 
. ment round the upper edge of eye ; muzzle narrow, pointed, ob- 
liquely truncated, upper part prominent; groove before the eye not 
very deep. Paratoids moderate, subtriangular, not very prominent ; 
tympanum distinct. Toes half-webbed; tarsus without cutaneous 
fold at the inner edge. Belly and breast uniform white. 


a,b. Adult. Pernambuco. Presented by J. P. G. Smith, Esq. 
c. Adult. Pernambuco. Presented by J. P. G. Smith, Esq. 
d. Adult. South America. From Mr. Bates’s Collection. 

e-g. Half-grown. America. 


24. Bufo gutturosus. (Prater V. fig. B.) 


Bufo gutturosus, Latr. Rept. ii. p. 155. 
— gutturosus et strumosus, Daud. Rain. pl. 34. f. 2, and Rept. viii. 
p. 166. 
F 2 


68 REPTILES. 


Bombinator strumosus, Merr. Tent. p. 179. 
Bufo strumosus, Gravenh. Delic. t. 9. f. 3. 


strumosus, pt., Dum. § Bibr. p.716. (Exemplaires des Antilles 
avec une saillie cutanée le long du bord interne du tarse.) 


Crown very concave, with a bony enlargement round the upper 
edge of eye ; muzzle narrow, pointed, rounded in front ; a deep groove 
before the eye. Paratoids moderate, rounded behind; tympanum 
distinct. Toes two-thirds webbed; tarsus with a cutaneous fold at 
the inner edge. Under parts uniform whitish, throat sometimes 
dirty white. — 

a—c. Adult. St. Domingo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

d. Half-grown. St. Domingo. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
é. Adult. St. Domingo. 

f,g. Adult. Hayti. Presented by J. Hearne, Esq. 


25. Bufo sternosignatus. (Pxate V. fig. C.) 


Crown rather flat, with a bony enlargement round the upper edge 
of the eye, in young individuals bifid behind, in adult forming a rather 
prominent ridge above the tympanum ; muzzle narrow, pointed, ver- 
tically truncated in front; groove before the eye not very deep ; 
tympanum distinct. Toes half-webbed; inner edge of metatarsus 
tubercular. Throat, breast and upper part of belly brown-spotted, 
more in young individuals; in the old ones a yellowish rectangular 
cross in the middle of the brown spots. 


a,b. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 

c. Adult. Puerto Cabello. From Mr. Brandt’s Collection. 
d, Half-grown. Cordova. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 

e. Half-grown. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 


Description.—This species is closely allied to the two preceding 
ones, but all the three may be easily distinguished from one another 
by the characters given above. As in the two other species, each 
canthus rostralis represents an arch, with the convexity bent inwards ; 
the loreal region beneath is slightly grooved, so as to give to the 
muzzle a pointed appearance ; it is vertically truncated in front, being 
rounded in B. gutturosus, and obliquely truncated with prominent 
upper part in B. granulosus. The crown is broad, rendered slightly 
concave by a bony enlargement running round the upper edge of the 
eye, and swollen into a prominent ridge above the tympanum; in young 
individuals another branch arises from behind the eye and is lost in 
front of the paratoid. The tympanum is very distinct, and at least 
one-half the size of the eye. The paratoid, being in young specimens 
more rounded and prominent, becomes subtriangular in old age. ALL 
the upper and lower parts are thickly covered with small spine- 
bearing warts; sometimes a series of rather larger ones may be 
distinguished running from behind the paratoid to the lom. The 
second and fourth fingers are nearly of the same length, the third 
much longer. The inner edge of the metatarsus is covered with spiny 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 69 


tubercles, and nothing of a fold is to be seen. The toes are half- 
webbed ;. the third rather longer than the fifth. There are two small 
and blunt tubercles on the metatarsus. The system of the coloration 
of the upper parts is very similar to that of Bufo ornatus. Ground 
colour greyish brown or brown ; amore or less distinct, uninterrupted 
yellowish line from the muzzle to the end of the coccygeal style ; on 
both sides of it symmetrical reddish-brown markings, the most con- 
stant of which are a broad cross-band between the eyes, and two 
irregular blotches on the sacral region; arms and legs with a few 
eross-bands. The coloration of the lower parts appears to be a 
constant character: the throat, breast and upper part of belly are 
thickly covered with dark brown more or less confluent spots; these 
parts become lighter with age, but across the middle appears a white 
rectangular cross, the horizontal branches of which reach from one 
humeral joint to the other. Length of body 2”; length of anterior 
extremity 14”; length of posterior extremity 24”. 


3. OTILOPHUS. 


Head moderate, angular; muzzle distinct and pointed; crown on 
each side with an enormous, erect, sharp, bony ridge from the orbit 
to the paratoid (in adult specimens); on the side a large cutaneous 
fold. Teeth none in jaws nor in palate; eustachian tubes moderate. 
Tongue oval, entire, free behind. Tympanum more or less distinct ; 
paratoids prominent; skin warty. Fingers four, free; toes five, 
half-webbed. Male with a single internal vocal sac. South America. 


Otilophus, Cuvier, Régne Anim.; Tschudi, Batr. p. 89. 
’ Bufo, sp., Rana, sp., auct. ceter. 


1. Otilophus margaritifer. 


Seba, i. 71. 6-9. 

pens typhonia, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 356; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 159. 
. 45. 

a margaritifera, Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 30. 

perlata, Lacép. Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 545; Bonnat. Erpét. p. 4. 

Bufo typhonius, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 207; Merr. Tent. p. 181; 

Gravenh, Delic. p. 53. 

nasutus, Schnerd. 1. c. p. 217; Spix, Spec. Nov. Test. p. 14. f. 3. 

margaritifer, Latr. Rept. ii. p. 118; Daud. Rain, pl. 33. f.1, and 

Rept. viii. p. 179; Dum. §& Bibr. p. 718. 

/ enpnene, acutirostris, proboscideus, Spix, Uc. t. 14. f. 2, t. 21. 

. 3B, 4. 

oxyrhynchus, Wied, Ree. Pl. Col., and Abbild. t. 

Otilophus perlatus, Cuv. Regne Anim. 

typhonius, Tschudi, Batr. p. 89. 


Paratoids small; tarsus without cutaneous fold at the inner edge. 


a. Adult: skeleton. Cayenne. 
6. Adult. Tropical America. From Mr. Bates’s Collection. 
c. Half-grown: not good state. Tropical America. 


70 REPTILES. 


d-f. Adult. Amazon. From Mr. Bates’s Collection. 

g. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

h-m. Half-grown. Para. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 
n, 0. Half-grown. Para. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 

p. Adult. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 


The enormous ear-shaped bony plates, formed by the orbital edge 
of the parietal and temporal bones, are described by Cuvier. But 
there are moreover the neural spines of the third to the eighth vertebree 
developed as in no other frog, being higher than the centrum of the 
vertebra, and slightly bifid behind. The bones of the front extremity 
are relatively more slender than in other toads ; the ridge of the hu- 
merus is broad, in the femur absent. The iliac bones are short and 
far distant from one another, forming an angle of about 35°. 


Second Series. OPISTHOGLOSSA PLATYDACTYLA. 
Section I. Hylina. 


O. PLATYDACTYLA With maxillary teeth and with the ear perfectly 
developed. 


Fam. 1. POLYPEDATIDA. 


Hyxrya with webbed toes, cylindrical processes of sacral vertebra, 
and without paratoids. 


Synopsis of the Genera. 


1. Acris. Disks small. Toes broadly webbed; fingers free ; tongue 
heart-shaped. North America. 


2. Hylarana. Toes broadly webbed; fingers free; tongue deeply 
notched; vomerine teeth. East Indies; West Africa. 


3. Ixalus. Tongue deeply notched ; no vomerine teeth. East Indies. 


4. Polypedates. Toes broadly webbed; fingers slightly webbed, 
none opposite to the others ; tongue deeply notched ; vomerine 
teeth. East Indies; Madagascar. 


5. Rhacophorus. Fingers completely webbed. East Indian Islands. 


6. Cornufer. Toes webbed only at the base ; vomerine teeth ; crown 
deeply concave. New Guinea; Java. 


7. Elosia. Toes webbed only at the base; vomerine teeth; crown 
flat. Brazil. 


8. Chiromantis. Two fingers opposite to the two other ones. 
Mozambique. 


9. Hyperolius. No vomerine teeth; tongue heart-shaped. West 
and South Africa. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 71 


10. Leptopelis. Vomerine teeth. Disks large; fingers slightly 
webbed; toes broadly webbed; tongue heart-shaped. West 
Africa. 


1. ACRIS*. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin of back smooth, or slightly granular. 
Disks small; fingers free; toes broadly webbed. Tympanum in- 
distinct ; eustachian tubes small; tongue large, heart-shaped; male 
with an interior subgular sac. North America. 

Acris, Dum. § Bibr, viii. p. 506. 
Hylodes, sp., Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. p. 181. 
Rana, sp., auct, prior. 


1. Acris gryllus. 


Bartram, Journ. p. 278. 

Rana gryllus, Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, i. p. 282; 
Harlan, Med. Phys. Res. p. 104. 

dorsalis, Harlan, Med. Phys. Res. p. 105. 

Acris gryllus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 507. 

Hylodes gryllus, Holbr. 7. c. pl. 33. 


Vomerine teeth in two groups, on a level with the hinder edge of 
the interior nostrils; crown with a large dark brown spot; some- 
times with a dorsal band. Head elongated, pointed. 


a. Many specimens. North America. Presented by Edward 
Doubleday, Esq. 

6, c. Adult. North America. Presented by Edward Doubleday, 
Esq. 

d-g. Adult and half-grown. Philadelphia. From Mr. Cuming’s 
Collection. 

h. Adult. South Carolina. Presented by R. Harlan, M.D. as 
Rana dorsalis. 


2. Acris pickeringii. 
Hylodes pickeringii, Holbr. /. c. pl. 34. 
Head rather short; body yellowish brown, with small dusky 


rhomboidal spots and lines, sometimes arranged in the form of a 
cross. North America. 


2. HYLARANA. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, generally with two glandular 
folds. Disks rather small; fingers quite free, toes broadly webbed. 


* This genus might belong to the family of Hylide. Bibron and also Baird 
describe the diapophyses of the sacral vertebra as not dilated ; but I ask naturalists 
haying the opportunity of examining fresh specimens, to direct their attention to 
this subject. The relation to Pseudacris nigrita is very great, which species 
also exhibits only slightly dilated processes. 


72 REPTILES. 


Tympanum distinct ; eustachian tubes moderate; tongue elongate, 
broader, free and deeply notched behind. Sacral vertebra not di- 
lated. Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. East Indies ; 
West Africa. 


Limnodytes, Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 510. 
Hylarana, Polypedates, sp., Zschudi, Batr. p. 78. 
Hyla, sp., Schlegel, Abbild. pp. 24, 57. 


1. Hylarana macrodactyla, (Pare II. fig. C.) 


Snout very much elongate, pointed; fourth toe two-thirds the 
length of body ; toes half-webbed ; on each side of back a narrow 
white glandular fold; a white vertebral line ; a whitish streak along 
the upper lip. 


a,b. Adult and half-grown. Hong Kong. Presented by J. C. 
Bowring, Esq. 

c, d, Adult and half-grown. China. Presented by J. R. Reeves, 
Ksq. 

¢. Half-grown. China. 

f. Half-grown : bad state. China. 


Description.—Habit very slender; head much elongate, with flat 
crown, rather rounded canthus rostralis, and long pointed muzzle ; 
upper jaw reaching far beyond the lower one; loreal region grooved ; 
nostril oval, lateral, just below the canthus rostralis, nearer the end 
of snout than the eye. Eye moderate, prominent; tympanum large, 
nearly the width of eye, just above the angle of mouth. Extremities 
slender, with small, rather indistinct disks; fingers quite free; the 
third much the longest, first and second nearly equal in length, the 
fourth rather longer ; subarticular tubercles moderate ; toes very long 
and slender, half-webbed, fourth much the longest, fifth longer than 
third ; at the base of the first finger a tubercle, rather smaller than 
the subarticular ones. Skin quite smooth, only the hinder part of 
the under side of the thigh granular; a glandular fold from the back 
edge of eye along the sides of back. Cleft of mouth long; tongue 
large, very long, very deeply notched behind; palate very narrow ; 
interior nostrils moderate, eustachian tubes rather larger ; vomerine 
teeth in two oblique series, convergent posteriorly, between the 
inner nostrils. Above olive, with three parallel white stripes, one 
from the muzzle to the anus, and the two others along the glandular 
folds ; some brown spots between ; sides of body black-spotted ; loreal 
region blackish, with a white streak from the end of snout passing 
between tympanum and angle of mouth ; extremities above with ir- 
regular spots and streaks ; under parts uniform yellowish. Length of 
body 11”; length of cleft of mouth } 4”; length of front extremity 2 2!" s 
length “of hinder extremity 3”; length of third finger $”; length of 
fourth toe 127: 


BATRACHTA SALIENTIA. 73 


2. Hylarana erythrea. 


Hyla erythreea, Schlegel, Abbild. t. 9. f. 3. 
Hylarana erythraa, Tschudi, p. 78. 
Limnodytes erythreus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 511. pl. 88. f. 1. 


Snout moderately elongate, rather pointed; fourth toe half the 
length of body ; toes nearly entirely webbed ; on each side of back 
a narrow white glandular fold; a whitish streak along the upper lip 
(sometimes a white vertebral line). 


_a-c, Adult. Sumatra. From the Leyden Museum. 

d, e. Adult and half-grown. Philippines. 

f. Adult. Philippines. 

g. Adult. San Christoval. From the Museum of Economic Geology. 
Belly black-spotted. 


3. Hylarana chalconota. 


Hyla chalconota, Schleg. Abbild. t. 9. f. 1. 
Polypedates chalconotus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 76. 
Limnodytes chalconotus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 518. 


Snout moderately elongate, rather pointed; fourth toe half the 
length of body; toes nearly entirely webbed ; on each side of back 
a broad glandular ridge; all upper parts uniform brownish ; no 
streak on the upper lip. 


a. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 


4, Hylarana albolabris. 
Tyla albolabris, Hallowell, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1856, p. 153. 


Snout moderate; fourth toe nearly half the length of body; toes 
two-thirds webbed ; on each side of back a narrow glandular fold ; 
upper parts uniform blackish brown ; a white streak along the upper 
lip. 

a. Adult. Gaboon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection, 
6. Adult. Gaboon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
¢. Large specimen. Fernando Po. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 


5. Hylarana madagascariensis. 


Limnodytes madagascariensis, 4. Dum. Mém. sur les Hylef. p. 155; 
Dun. § Bibr. ix. p. 401. 


Inner face of the thighs glandular ; no glandular fold on the back ; 
a white vertebral band; a black spot on the loreal region and on the 
temple (Dumeéril). 


74 REPTILES. 


3. IXALUS. 


No vomerine teeth. No larger gland. Fingers quite free; toes 
more or less webbed. Tympanum distinct ; eustachian tubes mode- 
rate ; tongue elongate, free and deeply notched behind. Sacral ver- 
tebra not or very slightly dilated. Males with two (external) vocal 
sacs. Hast Indies. 

Ixalus, Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 523. 


Orchestes, Tschudi, Batr. p. 76. 
Hyla, sp., Schlegel, Abbild. p. 27. 


1. Ixalus aurifasciatus. 


Hyla aurifasciata, Schleg. 1. c. t. 9. f. 4. 
Orchestes aurifasciatus, Tschudi, 1. . 
Ixalus aurifasciatus, Dum. § Bibr. 1. ¢. 

Toes not quite half-webbed ; back with only a few scattered very 
small tubercles. Head black, with a yellowish cross-band. Back 
greyish, with two darker, broad, curved bands; legs with blackish 
cross-bands. 


a. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 

b. Adult: not good state. Java. From Mr. Parrey’s Collection. 

c,d. Adult male and female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Col- 
lection. 


2. Ixalus variabilis. (Puare IV. fig. A. B.) 


Disks of fingers rather large; skin of back quite smooth. Toes 
two-thirds webbed; above uniform or with reddish-grey spots; no 
cross-bands on the sides. 


Var. A. Above uniform bluish grey ; beneath whitish, on the sides 
and on the hinder parts of the thighs variegated with white (fig. A). 


a. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

b-c. Adult and half-grown females, Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s 
Collection. 

f. Adult female: skeleton. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

g. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

h. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


Var. B. Above olive, with large brownish-grey, blackish-edged 
spots ; a cross-band of the same colour between the eyes ; extremities 
with cross-bands; no cross-band on the side; belly whitish (fig. B). 


i. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


Var. C. Above olive, variegated with brown; a narrow white line 
from the muzzle to the anus; lower legs with obsolete transverse 
undulated lines ; belly uniform whitish. 


k. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 75 


Description.—In habit similar to young specimens of Polypedates 
maculatus, but easily to be distinguished by the hidden tympanum, 
whilst on the other hand the vomerine teeth are rather difficult to be 
seen in young specimens of P. maculatus. Head broad, with flat 
crown, angular canthus rostralis, and with rather short muzzle ; 
nostril round, on the canthus ; eye large ; tympanum covered by the 
skin, conspicuous in rather dried specimens, oval, one-fourth the 
width of eye. Disks rather large; subarticular tubercles moderate ; 
fingers very slightly webbed; toes two-thirds webbed, third and 
fifth nearly equal in length, fourth not much longer. Skin quite 
smooth, only belly and hinder side of thigh granular; a cutaneous 
fold from the eye above the tympanum to the arm-pit. Transverse 
process of sacral vertebra with a slightly dilated cartilage at the outer 
end; tongue heart-shaped, deeply notched behind ; interior nostrils 
round; eustachian tubes triangular, nearly equalling them in size. 
Length of body 11”; length of front extremity 1”; length of hinder 
extremity 2)”. 

The skull is entirely ossified ; the sutura coronalis quite obsolete ; 
also the suprascapula exhibits no cartilaginous portions. Atlas 
without diapophyses, but they are present and nearly of the same 
strength in all the other vertebre ; those of the sacral vertebra are 
cylindrical and the strongest. 


3. Ixalus leucorhinus. 


Martens, in Nomencl. Rept. Mus. Zool. Berol. 1856, p. 36. 


Toes not quite half-webbed. Yellowish brown with darker bands ; 
a large six-sided white spot on the forehead; a streak from the 
muzzle to the hip. Ceylon. 


4. Ixalus pecilopleurus. 
Martens, l. c. 


Toes not quite half-webbed. Above greyish, darker marbled ; 
beneath whitish, sides and extremities with oblique black cross- 
bands. Ceylon. 

5. Ixalus natator. (Prater IV. fig. C.) 


Disks of fingers rather large ; toes entirely webbed; upper parts 
with very fine granulations. Ashy brown, either uniform or with 
rounded bluish-white spots. 


Var. A. Back uniform brown. 
a. Adult male, Philippines, 

Var. B. Greyish brown with rounded bluish-white spots. 
b, c. Adult male and female. Philippines. 


Description.—Habit slender; head elongate, with narrow flat 
crown, broad forehead, angular canthus rostralis, and prominent 


76 REPTILES. 


muzzle, rounded in front; loreal region concave ; nostril prominent, 
oval, partly on the canthus rostralis, near the end of muzzle; eye 
very large; tympanum small, circular, about one-fifth of eye. Skin 
of the upper parts covered with very small granular tubercles ; throat, 
chest, and under side of legs smooth; belly granular. Fingers 
slender, with broad elliptic disks and small subarticular tubercles, 
quite free; fourth longer than second, first with a thick swelling at 
the inner side. Toes moderate, with moderate disks and small sub- 
articular tubercles, so broadly webbed that a part of the disks is in 
contact with the membrane ; the fifth toe is hardly longer than the 
third, and reaches to the penultimate phalanx of the fourth; at 
the base of the first toe avery small tubercle. Cleft of mouth large ; 
palate between the eyes very narrow, with a groove on each side ; 
inner nostrils and eustachian tubes moderate; tongue elongate, 
broader, free and deeply notched behind. In the males on each side 
of the tongue near the angle of mouth, a moderate slit for the ex- 
ternal vocal sacs, situated beneath the angle of mouth. Sacral ver- 
tebra not dilated. Length of body 13”; length of hinder extremity 
3”; length of front extremity 14”; length of fourth toe 2”; length 
of third finger 2”. 


6. Ixalus guttatus. (Pxate IV. fig. D.) 


Disks of fingers rather large, toes entirely webbed ; upper parts 
thickly covered with granular tubercles; muzzle rather elongate, 
pointed ; brown above, with large dark brown spots. 


a. Adult male. Borneo. From Mr. Lowe’s Collection. 


Description of the specimen.—Similar to the preceding species. 
Habit slender; head elongate, with rather convex crown and flat 
forehead; canthus rostralis angular, loreal region concave ; muzzle 
prominent, with a rounded upper edge, and obliquely truncated in 
front ; nostril prominent, oval, partly on the canthus rostralis, near 
the end of muzzle ; eye very large ; tympanum small, circular, about. 
one-fifth of eye. Skin of the upper parts thickly covered with rather 
prominent tubercles, rather larger on the sides; throat, chest and 
under side of legs quite smooth, belly finelygranular. Fingers slender, 
quite free, with large broad elliptical disks ; fourth finger longer than 
second ; first with a thick swelling at the innerside. Toes moderate, 
with moderate disks and small subarticular tubercles, as broadly 
webbed as in the preceding species ; fifth toe conspicuously longer than 
third, reaching a little beyond the base of the penultimate phalanx of 
the fourth ; metatarsus with two very small tubercles. Cleft of mouth 
large, longer than broad ; palate between the eyes very narrow, with 
a groove on each side ; inner nostrils and eustachian tubes moderate ; 
tongue elongate, broader, free and deeply notched behind. Brown 
above, with large rounded, sometimes confluent, dark brown spots ; 
legs with darker cross-bands ; hinder sides blackish brown, with a 
few lighter small spots; web between the toes black. Length of 
body 14”; length of anterior extremity 2”; length of posterior 
extremity 21”. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 77 


4, POLYPEDATES. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, sometimes with tubercles. Disks 
large; membrane between the fingers short, in one species not con- 
spicuous; toes broadly webbed. Tympanum distinct; eustachian 
tubes moderate ; tongue large, broader, free and deeply notched be- 
hind. Males generally without vocal sac. Asia; Madagascar. 


Polypedates, Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 515. 
Burgeria, Polypedates, Boophis, Tschudi, Batr. pp. 75, 76. 
Hyla, sp., Wiegmann, Gray, Schlegel. 


1. Polypedates microtympanum. (Puare VI. fig. A.) 


Fingers very slightly webbed ; vomerine teeth in two short oblique 
series between the inner nostrils. Skin of back nearly smooth; 
tympanum small, oval, one-third the width of eye; skin of head not 
adherent to the skull. 


a. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

b. Adult female. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

c. Half-grown male. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

d,e. Young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

f. Adult. Madras. Presented by the Zoological Society. 

g-k. Half-grown and adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collec- 
tion. 


Description.—Habit rather stouter than in P. maculatus. Head 
rather short, with broad flat crown, curved and angular canthus ros- 
tralis, and short rounded muzzle ; loreal region somewhat grooved ; 
nostril round, lateral, rather prominent, just below the canthus ros- 
tralis, nearer the end of muzzle than the eye. Eye moderate; tym- 
panum small, oval, one-third the width of eye; extremities and disks 
moderate ; second finger much longer than first, fourth much longer 
than second, third rather longer than fourth ; fingers with a very 
slight lateral cutaneous fold, hardly webbed; subarticular tubercles 
very conspicuous ; fifth toe as much longer than fourth as the disk 
is broad; toes half-webbed; a cutaneous fold reaching to the disk ; 
subarticular tubercles very conspicuous; metatarsus with a slight 
tubercle. Skin of back nearly smooth, or with a few scattered small 
tubercles ; skin of the side and of the under parts tubercular ; upper 
eyelid with some tubercles; a glandular curved fold from the back 
edge of eye above the tympanum to the arm-pit. Cleft of mouth 
moderate ; tongue oval, deeply notched behind; inner nostrils and 
eustachian tubes rather small; on each side of the palate a deep 
groove; vomerine teeth small, in two very short oblique series be- 
tween the interior nostrils, with a large interval between. Colour 
above either nearly uniform bluish grey or olive, with regular black 
markings; a cross-band between the eyes; a broad band on each 
side of the back, with a large interspace between more divergent in 
front and behind; extremities with black points and large cross- 
bands; a black lateral streak beneath the canthus rostralis and along 


78 REPTILES. 


the glandular fold; sides black-spotted ; beneath yellowish, throat 
and chest finely dotted with black. In the specimen from Madras, 
the lateral dorsal bands are divided into rounded spots, and the 
membrane between the fingers and toes is broader, but the tympanum - 
is as small as in the Ceylonese specimens. Length of body 21” (adult 
female) ; length of hinder extremity 31”; length of front extre- 
mity 13”. 


2. Polypedates maculatus. 


Hyla maculata, Gray, Ind. Zool. 

leucomystax, Gravenh. Delic. p. 26. 

Polypedates leucomystax, Tschudi, Batr. p. 75; Dum. & Bibr. p. 519; 
Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeylan. p, 193. 

rugosus, part., Dum. & Bibr. p. 520. 

cruciger, Blyth, in Kelaart’s Prodromus, App. p. 48. 


Fingers very slightly webbed. Vomerine teeth in two more or 
less oblique series, each beginning from the front angle of the interior 
nostrils. Skin of back smooth; tympanum nearly as large as eye; 
in adult specimens the skin of the hinder part of crown and of the 
forehead adherent to the skull, and rugose. Back with more or less 
brownish spots, or with two curved narrow lines, forming an X- 
shaped figure, and with a blackish stripe between the eyes; never 
with parallel bands. 


The direction of the series of vomerine teeth is liable to great 
variation. There are specimens in the British Museum Collection 
exhibiting two very convergent series, which, prolonged, would form 
nearly a right angle; others exhibit the vomerine teeth arranged 
nearly in a straight line; most of our specimens are intermediate 
between these forms. No other character—neither of the form the 
head, nor of the extremities, nor the coloration, nor the difference 
of country—corresponds with these differences in the dentition. 


a, 6. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
ec, d. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
e, f. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
g. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

h, Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

i, k. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

l,m. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

n. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

o. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

p. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

q. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr, Cuming’s Collection. 

r,s. Young. Ceylon. From Mr, Cuming’s Collection. 

t. Young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

u. Half-grown. Tenasserim, Presented by Dr. Packman. 

v-y. Half-grown. Madras. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 

z,a. Adult. China. 

fB. Adult. “China. Presented by J. Reeves, Esq. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 79 


y-n. Adult and half-grown. China. Presented by J. Reeves, Esq. 

6, «. Half-grown: discoloured. China. Presented by J.C. Bowring, 
\. Esq. 

x. Half-grown. China. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

\. Half-grown. HongKong. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq. 

p, v. Adult. China. 

—. Adult. Siam. Presented by J. C. Bowring, Esq. 

o. Half-grown. Philippines. 

a. Adult. East Indies. 

p, s- Adult: bad state. East Indies. 

7. Half-grown. Last Indies. 

v. Half-grown. Last Indies. 

@. Half-grown: not good state. East Indies. 

x: Half-grown. East Indies. From Mr. Mather’s Collection. 

wy. Half-grown. East Indies. 

w. Adult: stuffed. East Indies. From Mr, Argent’s Collection. 


3. Polypedates quadrilineatus. 
Hyla quadrilineata, Wiegm. Act. Ac. Ces. Leop. Carol. 1835, p. 260. 
t. 22. f. 1. 
Polypedates rugosus, part., Dum. § Bibr. p. 520. 


Fingers very slightly webbed. Vomerine teeth in two oblique 
series between the inner nostrils, each series beginning near the 
front angle of nostril. Skin of back smooth; tympanum nearly as 
large as eye; in adult specimens skin of the hinder part of crown 
and of the forehead adherent to the skull, and rugose. Above with 
four or six dark, parallel, longitudinal bands. 


In this species the teeth are always in distinctly oblique series. 
As in the preceding species the skin of the head becomes rugose in 
old age, and is soft in younger individuals. 


a-c. Adult and half-grown. Philippines. 

d, e. Adult and half-grown: not good state. Philippines. 

f. Adult: not good state. Philippines. 

g-k. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 

l,m. Adult and half-grown: not good state. Singapore. 

n. Adult: not good state. East Indies. From Mr, Argent’s Col- 
lection. 

o. Adult. East Indies. 

p. Half-grown: bleached. East Indies. 

q, r. Half-grown. East Indies. From Mr. Bartlett’s Collection. 

s-u. Adult and half-grown: discoloured. East Indies. Presented 
by the Hon. E.I. Company. 

v. Adult: skin. East Indies. From Mr. Argent’s Collection. 


4, Polypedates appendiculatus. 


Fingers one-third webbed; vomerine teeth in two oblique series 
beginning from the inner front angle of nostril; cutaneous promi- 


80 REPTILES. 


nences on the upper parts, beneath the anus and on the heel; fore- 
arm and metatarsus fringed. Tympanum round, half the width of 
eye. (Intermediate form between Polypedates and Rhacophorus.) 
Length of body 13”; length of hinder extremity 21’; length of 
front extremity 14”. 


a. Philippine Islands. 


5. Polypedates eques. (Pxare VI. fig. B.) 


Fingers very slightly webbed. Vomerine teeth between the inner 
nostrils in two rather oblique series. Snout pointed; keel with a 
cutaneous spur; tympanum elliptic, half the width of the eye; 
along the under-arm and tarsus a white cutaneous fold; a white 
band from the top of the snout to the base of the leg. 


a. Half-grown male. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
b-f. Adult. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


Description.— Habit slender. Head depressed, triangular, with 
broad flat crown, angular canthus rostralis, and pointed muzzle ; 
loreal region grooved ; nostril round, lateral, just below the canthus, 
nearer the end of snout; eye large; tympanum elliptic, oblique, 
half as large as eye; a narrow glandular fold from the back edge of 
eye above the tympanum to the shoulder; upper parts quite smooth, 
under-side finely granular; anus surrounded by yellowish, rather 
prominent warts. Disks of fingers rather broad, of toes moderate ; - 
second finger shorter than fourth; membrane between the toes 
reaching to half the length of fourth toe, and to the disk of the 
four other ones; fifth toe hardly longer than the third; at the base 
of the first a small tubercle ; subarticular tubercles moderate. 
Eustachian tubes larger than the inner nostrils ; tongue pear-shaped, 
deeply notched behind; male with the usual slits on the sides of 
the tongue, and with two internal subgular vocal sacs beneath the 
angle of mouth. Above greyish, with a darker, large triangular 
spot, tapering on the shoulder, and again widening posteriorly ; 
beneath the canthus rostralis an indistinct blackish-ash streak; a 
yellow line from the end of snout, along the margin of upper lip, 
beneath the tympanum to the base of leg ; beneath uniform yellowish ; 
hinder extremities with darker cross-bands. Length of body 12” ; 
length of front extremity 1”; length of hinder extremity 24”. 


6. Polypedates biirgeri. 


Hyla biirgeri, Schleg. Faun. Japon. t. 3. f. 7,8. 
Biirgeria subversicolor, Tschudi, Batr. p. 75. 
Polypedates biirgeri, Dum. § Bibr. p. 521. 

Fingers very slightly webbed. Vomerine teeth in a straight line 
on a level with the front edge of the inner nostrils, interrupted in 
the middle. Skin of back tubercular. Tympanum distinctly smaller 
than eye; crown not bony. Japan. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 81 


7. Polypedates schlegelii. (Pxrare VI. fig. C.) 


Hyle arborez var. japonice descript. pars Schleg. in Fauna Japon. 
p- 112 (individus 4 une taille beaucoup plus forte que chez nous— 
trés vieux sujets—a toutes les parties supérieures d’un vert-pré 
uniforme, &c.), pl. 3. f. 5. 

Fingers one-third webbed; vomerine teeth in two rather oblique 
series, beginning from the inner front angle of the interior nostrils ; 
tongue deeply notched behind. Above uniform bluish green, sides 
of belly sometimes with small brown specks, beneath uniform whitish ; 
head without band or spot.: (See Hyla viridis, var. japonica.) 

_ a, 6. Adult and half-grown. Japan. From the Leyden Museum. 
c. Adult. Japan. From the Leyden Museum. 
All three with the name Hyla viridis japonica. 


Description.—Habit intermediate between Polypedates maculatus 
and Hyla viridis. Head broad, with rather short muzzle, but not 
rounded canthus rostralis. A glandular fold from the back edge of 
eye above the tympanum to the shoulder. Tympanum circular, half 
the width of the eye, rather indistinct. Fingers one-third webbed, 
with moderate subarticular tubercles and rather broad disks; toes 
short, the fourth one-fourth or one-fifth longer than the fifth, the third 
as much longer than the fifth as its disk is broad; membrane broad, 
reaching the base of the disks, but deeply notched; subarticular 
tubercles moderate; metatarsus with a blunt tubercle; tarsus not 
fringed. Coloration as above mentioned. Tongue broader behind 
than in front, and deeply notched; interior nostrils moderate ; 
vomerine teeth between the nostrils, in two rather oblique series, 
well separated on the middle of the palate, each beginning from 
the anterior front angle of nostril. Eustachian tubes moderate. 
Male with an internal vocal sac and the usual openings on the 
sides of the tongue. Diapophyses of the sacral vertebra cylindrical. 
Length of body 22”; length of hinder extremity 3”; length of 
tarsus $”; length of fourth toe 1”; length of anterior extremity 11”. 


8. Polypedates afghana. 


Fingers quite free. Vomerine teeth in a straight line, on a level 
with the hinder edge of the inner nostrils, interrupted in the middle. 
Skin smooth; tympanum very small, as large as the disk of the 
finger ; toes very broadly webbed to the disk. 


a. Adult female. Afghanistan. Presented by Mr. Griffith. 
6, c. Larve. Afghanistan. Presented by the East India Company. 

To the above-mentioned characters may be added :— 

Habit as in P. maculatus; snout angular, rather high; nostril on 
the canthus rostralis in the middle between the eye and top of 
snout ; tympanum distant from the eye; inner nostrils moderate ; 
eustachian tubes rather larger; disks rather large. Subarticular 
tubercles very conspicuous, oblong; metatarsus with a very small 
blunt tubercle. Above brown, variegated with greyish. Length of 
body 3”; length of front extremity 21”; length of hinder one 6”. 

G 


82 REPTILES. 


9. Polypedates goudotii. 


Boophis goudotii, (Bibr.) Tschudi, Batr. p. 77. 
Polypedates goudotii, Dum. § Bibr. p. 517. 

Fingers very slightly webbed. Vomerine teeth in a straight line, 
on a level with the hinder edge of the inner nostrils, interrupted in 
the middle. Skin of back smooth; tympanum nearly as large as 
eye, immediately behind the eye ; snout depressed in front ; toes not 
entirely webbed, the last two phalanges of the fourth toe free. Ma- 
dagascar. 


Var. A. Above uniform brownish olive. 
a, b. Adult. 


Var. B. variolosa. Back with round white spots. 


c. Adult. 
d. Half-grown. 


10. Polypedates junghuhnii. 
Bleeker, Natuurk. Tydschr. Nederl. Indie, xi. p. 469. 


Fingers very slightly webbed. Vomerine teeth in two small 
groups. Olive-green, marbled with darker, sides with dark green 
cross-bands ; upper lip with a white band, interrupted behind the 
tympanum and forming two white spots. Java. 


5. RHACOPHORUS. 


Vomerine teeth in two distant series, on a level with the froni 
edge of the inner nostrils. Skin smooth. Disks very large ; fingers 
and toes entirely webbed. Tympanum distinct; eustachian tubes 
rather small ; tongue large, elongate, free and deeply notched be- 
hind. Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. East Indian 
Islands. 

Rhacophorus, Kuhl, Isis, 1827, p. 294; Tschudi, Batr. p.73; Dum. & 
Bibr. viii. p. 530. 

Hyla, sp., Schlegel, Abbildg. p. 32. 

Hypsiboas, sp., Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 200. 


1. Rhacophorus reinwardtii. 
Rhacophorus reinwardtii, Boie, Mus. Lugd. Bat. ; Tschudi, Batr. p. 73 ; 
Dum. &§ Bibr. p. 582. 
Hypsiboas reinwardtii, Wagl. Amph. p. 200. 
Hyla reinwardtii, Schleg. Abbild. t. 30. 


Above uniform olive (in spirits); membrane between the fingers 


and toes with a more or less distinct, large bluish-black spot. YVo- 
merine teeth in a broadly interrupted straight line. 

a, 6. Adult. Batavia. 

c. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 

d, Adult. East Indies. From Mr. Bartlett’s Collection. 

e. Adult: bad state. East Indies. From Mr. Parrey’s Collection. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 83 


2. Rhacophorus maximus. 
? Rhacophorus reinwardtii, Dum. § Bibr. Atlas, pl. 89. f. 1, la. 


Above uniform dark violet, beneath uniform brownish ; web with- 
out spots; vomerine tecth in two slightly curved series, with a large 
interspace between. 


a-c. Adult. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
d, Adult. Afghanistan. 


This species agrees entirely in habit with Rhacophorus reinwardtii, 
but is distinguished by size and coloration. Crown of head quite 
flat and very broad; tympanum half the size of eye ; the base of the 
inner finger appears to be very broad and flat; after removing the 
skin, this proves to be the single flat phalanx of the thumb, as is 
also observed in Rh. reinwardtii ; the membranaceotis folds of the 
edges of the extremities are rather less developed than in that 
species. Edge of lower jaw reddish white, this colour being con- 
tinued to a short lateral streak below the tympanum. Length of 
body 32”; length of hinder extremity 6”; length of anterior ex- 
tremity 22”. 


3. Rhacophorus pardalis. (Pxate VI. fig. D.) 
? Rhacophorus reinwardtii, Voy. de la Bonite, Rept. pl- 10. f. 1. 


Above brownish olive with brown markings; legs with brown 
cross-bands ; webs without black blotch. Vomerine teeth in two 
rather oblique and slightly curved series. 


a, b. Adult and half-grown. Philippines. 

¢. Half-grown: not good state. Philippines. 

d. Half-grown. Borneo. 

e. Adult: not good state. Borneo. From Mr. Wallace’s Col- 
lection. 

jf. Adult: very bad state. East Indies. From Mr. Frank’s Col- 
lection. 


This species, having a rather concave forehead and loreal region, 
exhibits some similarity of physiognomy with Hyla pardalis. The 
cutaneous appendages and folds of the extremities are as developed 
as in Rh. reinwardtii. There is a brown streak across the crown 
between the eyes ; between the shoulders a large oblong brown spot, 

_ with the four angles produced into points ; a third square blotch oc- 
cupies the back behind the sacral vertebra; some small irregular 
brown spots and points are scattered over all the upper parts. In 
one individual the sides are white, spotted with dark brown. All these 
markings are inconspicuous in one of the specimens from Borneo ; 
the belly appears to have been reticulated with brown, but the cross- 
bands on the legs are very conspicuous. I consider it to be a variety. 
Length of body 24; length of hinder extremity 4”; length of an- 
terior extremity 12”. 

Gg 2 


a= 


84 REPTILES. 


6. CORNUFER. 


Forehead flat; crown deeply concave. Vomerine teeth in two 
series. Disks moderate ; fingers quite free ; toes only webbed at the 
base. ‘l'ympanum distinct; eustachian tubes moderate ; skin of back 
smooth ; tongue large, circular, free and slightly notched behind. 


Cornufer, Tschudi, Batr. p. 71; Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 616. 


1. Cornufer unicolor. 
Tschudi, l.c.; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 617. 
Above each eye a conical tubercle ; uniform brown. New Guinea. 


2. Cornufer dorsalis. 
A. Duméril, Mém. sur les Hylef. p. 174; Dum. § Bibr. ix. p. 408. 


Head much elongate ; a white streak along the back and the upper 
side of the hinder extremity. Java. 


7. ELOSIA. 


Head quite flat above with perpendicular sides, angular canthus 
rostralis, and obliquely truncated rounded muzzle. Vomerine teeth 
in two oblique series. Disks rather small, divided into two small 
disks above; fingers quite free; toes only webbed at the base. 
Tympanum distinct; eustachian tubes small; skin smooth. Tongue 
large, oval, entire, on all sides adherent. Male with an external vocal 
sac on each side beneath the angle of mouth. Brazil. 

Elosia, Tschudi, Batr. p. 77; Dum. §& Bibr. viii. p. 632. 
Hyla, sp., Lichtenstein. 


1. Elosia nasus. 


Hyla nasus, Lichtenstein, Verz. der Doubletten, Amph. p. 106. 
Elosia nasuta, Tschudi, Batr. p. 77; Dum. & Bibr. p. 683. 


Brownish, marbled with brown. 
a. Adult. South America. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 


8. CHIROMANTIS. 


Vomerine teeth. Disks moderate ; two outer fingers half-webbed 
and opposite to the two inner ones, which are provided with a mem- 
brane only at the base; toes entirely webbed. Tympanum distinct ; 
eustachian tubes rather larger than the inner nostrils; tongue cordi- 
form, free and notched behind. Male not with an external vocal sac. 
Tette and Sena. 


Chiromantis, Peters, in Wiegm. Archiv, 1855, p. 56. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 85 


1. Chiromantis xerampelina. 
Peters, 1. c. 


Sides with reddish-brown spots and bands. 


9. HYPEROLIUS. 


No vomerine teeth. Skin of back smooth or finely granular, 
sometimes with glandular folds. Disks moderate; fingers more or 
less slightly webbed ; toes broadly webbed. Tympanum distinct or 
hidden ; eustachian tubes moderate or small; tongue generally 
heart-shaped, with a nick behind, Upper arms and thighs generally 
without any colour. Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. Africa. 


Hyperolius, Rapp, in Erichson’s Archiv, 1842, p. 289; Smith, Illustr. 
of the Zool. of S. Afr. Rept. App. p. 26; Peters, in Wiegm. Archiv, 
1855, p. 56. 

Eucnemis, Tschudi, Batr. p. 76; Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 525. 

1. Hyperolius viridiflavus. 

Eucnemis viridiflavus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 528. 


Tympanum hidden; tongue heart-shaped; head short, muzzle 
obtuse. Above green, minutely dotted with yellow; beneath yel- 
lowish.. 


a. Adult: not good state. Abyssinia. 
b. Adult: not good state. Senegal. Presented by T. Whitefield, Esq. 


2. Hyperolius marmoratus. 


Rapp, in Erichs. Archiv, 1842, p. 289. t. 6; Smith, Ill. of S. Afr. 
App. p. 26. 
? Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Moss. Rept. t. 5. f. 3a (without name). 


Tongue heart-shaped; tympanum hidden; head short, muzzle blunt. 


Var. A. Above brown, with irregular yellowish spots (Rapp, l. ¢. 
fig. 1). 
a-c. Adult. South Africa. 


d-g. Adult. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by the Rev. H. H. 
Methun. 


Var. B. Above brown, with reticulated yellow lines (Rapp, l.c. 
fig. 2). 


h. Adult. West Africa. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 


3. Hyperolius horstockii. 


Hyla horstockii, Schlegel, Abbild. p. 24. 
Eucnemis horstokii, 7schudi, Batr. p. 76. 
horstookii, Dum. § Bibr. p. 529. 


Tympanum hidden; tongue heart-shaped; head rather elongate. 


86 REPTILES, 


Skin of back quite smooth. Above greyish; a light brown, above 
white-edged band from the snout through the eye. 


a. Adult: not good state. South Africa. Presented by Sir J. 
Richardson. 

6, Adult: bad state. South Africa. Presented by Sir J. Richardson. 

c. Adult: not good state. Africa. 

?d. Half-grown : bad state. Sine patria. From Mr. Frank’s Col- 
lection as Hucnemis dorsalis. 


4. Hyperolius parallelus. (Puare VIII. fig. A.) 


Tympanum hidden ; tongue heart-shaped, deeply notched behind ; 
head short, muzzle blunt. Above blackish brown, with three white 
parallel bands ; upper lip yellowish. 


a. Adult. South Africa. 
b, c. Adult and half-grown: not good state. Angola. From Mr. 
Rich’s Collection. 


Description.—In habit similar to H. marmoratus; extremities 
rather short; fingers slightly webbed, rather short ; first shortest by 
far, third rather longer than fourth; toes short, four-fifths webbed, 
with very small subarticular tubercles, fourth rather longer than 
fifth ; metatarsus with a very small tubercle. Skin of back and 
throat smooth, of belly granular. Above blackish brown with three 
white parallel bands—one dorsal from the muzzle to the anus, and 
another on each side from the upper eyelid to the loin; belly and 
upper lip yellowish ; upper arm and thigh not coloured ; remainder 
of the extremities greyish, black-dotted. Inner nares and eustachian 
tubes small ; tympanum hidden ; tongue short, broad, deeply notched 
behind. Size of H. marmoratus. 


5. Hyperolius guttulatus. (Prare VII. fig. A.) 


Tympanum hidden; fingers half-webbed; back smooth; head 
moderate, broad, muzzle rounded. Upper parts brown, finely white- 
dotted ; thighs not coloured. 


a. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Parrey’s Collection. 
b,c. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Frank’s Collection. 


Description.—Head broad, depressed, with flat crown and forehead, 
and moderate, rounded muzzle; canthus rostralis rather obsolete ; 
eye moderate; tympanum hidden; extremities moderate, with 
moderate disks and rather small subarticular tubercles ; fingers half- 
webbed ; toes webbed to the penultimate phalanx, the third and fifth 
equal in length, the fourth rather longer ; a very small tubercle at the 
base of the first toe. Skin quite smooth, belly granulated. Tongue 
cordiform, nicked behind; interior nostrils rather small. Upper 
parts brown, speckled with very small, round, dull yellowish points ; 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 87 


under parts whitish ; loreal region brown with indistinct points ; 
base of arm and thigh not coloured. Length of body 14”; length of 
front extremity 1”; length of hinder extremity 2”. 


6. Hyperolius fornasinii. 


Euchnemis fornasinii, J. J. Bianconi, Spec. Zool. Mossamb. Rept. t. 5. 


me i 
Hyperolius bivittatus, Peters, Wiegm. Archiv, 1855, p. 56. 


Tympanum hidden; tongue heart-shaped; fingers half-webbed. 
Above reddish brown, finely dotted with white ; on each side of back 
a white band punctulated with black, both confluent on the muzzle ; 
thigh with another white band minutely dotted with black. Boror ; 
Mozambique. 


7. Hyperolius teniatus. 
Peters, lc. p. 57. 
Tympanum hidden ; tongue oval, broader and deeply notched be- 
hind; fingers half-webbed. Above brownish grey, with four blackish- 
brown bands, confluent on the muzzle. Boror; Mozambique. 


8. Hyperolius argus. 
Peters, 1. c. 
Tympanum indistinct ; fingers half-webbed. Brown, with round, 
lighter, black-edged spots; a yellow black-edged streak from the 
upper eyelid to the top of the snout. Boror ; Mozambique. 


9. Hyperolius flavoviridis. 
Peters, l. c. 

Tympanum distinct ; tongue rhombic; head short, muzzle blunt ; 
fingers half-webbed; a yellow black-edged streak from the upper 
eyelid to the nose; above greenish, beneath yellowish. Boror ; 
Mozambique. 


10. Hyperolius tettensis. 
Peters, l. ¢. 


Tympanum distinct; above green with black dots, beneath yel- 
lowish. Tette; Mozambique. 


11. Hyperolius marginatus. 


Peters, l. ¢. 


Tympanum hidden; fingers half-webbed; head short, muzzle 
blunt. Above brownish grey; sides, arms, and lower legs with 
small black spots ; thighs not coloured. Back smooth. Macanga ; 
Mozambique. 


88 REPTILES. 


12. Hyperolius modestus. 


Eucnemis modestus, (Schleg.) Nomenclat. Rept. Mus. Berol. 1856, p. 36 
(without description). 


a. Adult: bad state. Gold Coast. From Mr. Parrey’s Collection as 
Eucnemis modestus. 


13. Hyperolius madagascariensis. 
Eucnemis madagascariensis, Dwm. § Bibr. p. 528. 


Tympanum hidden; tongue rather rhombic, slightly nicked be- 
hind; head short, muzzle obtuse ; above brown, extremities dotted 
with black; a black streak from the nostril to the eye; beneath 
whitish. Madagascar. 


14. Hyperolius ocellatus. (Prare VII. fig. B.) 


Tympanum hidden; toes broadly, fingers two-thirds webbed ; 
crown flat; snout moderate, not short, muzzle rounded; tongue 
cordiform. All upper parts light reddish grey, with small rounded, 
black, white-edged spots ; sides dark brown with white spots; under 
parts uniform whitish, edge of lower jaw marbled. Upper arm 
coloured; thigh not coloured, except a narrow brown streak on the 
upper side. Quite smooth ; belly granular. 


a. Adult. Fernando Po. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 
6. Half-grown: not good state. Angola. From Mr, Rich’s Col- 
lection. 


15. Hyperolius plicatus. (Pxiate VII. fig. C.) 


Tympanum hidden ; tongue cuneiform, broader and deeply notched 
behind ; head rather elongate ; back with two curved glandular folds. 


a. Adult. Coast of Guinea. From Mr. Frank’s Collection as Rana 
oxyrhyncha. 


Description of the specitmen.—Snout moderately elongate, rather 
pointed in front ; crown quite flat, canthus rostralis angular, loreal 
region rather high. Extremities moderate: disks moderate ; fingers 
quite free ; first and second fingers nearly equal in length, but shorter 
than fourth ; third longest by far ; toes two-thirds webbed, with well- 
developed subarticular tubercles ; fourth rather slender, longest by far ; 
third a little longer than fifth; metatarsus with one small tubercle. 
Back with a few scattered small tubercles, and with a glandular fold 
on each side, reaching from the back edge of eye to the sacral re- 
gion, both convergent on the back, behind the shoulders ; belly quite 
smooth ; throat finely granular. Inner nostrils and eustachian tubes 
small; tympanum hidden; tongue elongate, cuneiform, broader and 
deeply notched behind. Above brownish grey variegated with brown ; 
between the eyes a brown spot, and a lighter cross-band in front ; an 
oblique dark brown band from the back edge of the eye to the base of 
the arm; throat greyish, belly white, both with some small brown 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 89 


spots; arms and legs with cross-bands ; hinder side of under arm, of 
thigh, and of metatarsus, brown ; above the brown streak of the thigh 
another whitish one. Length of body 11”; length of front extre- 
mity {”; length of hinder extremity 21”, 


16. Hyperolius seychellensis. 
Eucnemis seychellensis, Tschudi, Batr. p. 76; Dum. § Bibr. p. 527. 


Tympanum small, distinct; tongue rather rhombic, nicked be- 
hind ; fingers nearly half-webbed ; above brown or greyish, marbled 
with brown. Seychelles. 


17. Hyperolius? bicolor. 
Eucnemis bicolor, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 5. 


‘‘ Blue in spirits ; under side of body and limbs bluish white; the 
lips, chin, and a streak from under the eye, beneath the tympanum 
and along the side of the body to the groin, pure white. Back smooth. 
Belly and thighs granular; the fore toes scarcely webbed, the hinder 
ones webbed to the end; the toe-disks small. Tympanum distinct.” 
Gray, MSS. 


a. Bad state. Port Essington. From Mr. Gilbert’s Collection. 
This species is very probably the type of a separate genus ; but 
the condition of the single specimen does not enable me to give 
the characters with certainty. 


10. LEPTOPELIS*. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin of back smooth. Disks rather large ; fin- 
gers slightly webbed, toes broadly webbed. Tympanum distinct ; 
eustachian tubes moderate; tongue heart-shaped, slightly nicked 
behind. Male with an external subgular sac. Africa. 


Hyla, sp., Hallowell, A. Duméril. 


The species, for which I establish the above genus, was considered 
to be a species of Hyla, having the same external characters. But as 
this genus is represented in the Athiopian region by Hyperolius, I 
was induced to make a closer examination, by which the difference 
in the structure of the diapophysis of the sacral vertebra was ascer- 
tained. From Polypedates it differs in the shape of the tongue. 


1. Leptopelis aubryi. 
Hyla punctata}, Hallowell, Proc. Ac. Nat. Hist. Philad. vii. p. 193. 
Hyla aubryi, 4. Dum. in Revue et Mag. Zool. 1856, p. 561. 
Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Brownish, with a darker 
triangular spot between the eyes; back with some irregular brown 
spots and a few very small yellow ones. 


* Nemros slender, narrow; zéXrs pelvis. 
+ A name preoccupied more than fifty years ago. 


90 REPTILES, 


a. Adult. Ashantee. 

6. Adult. Gaboon. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

ce. Adult. Africa. From Mr. Frank’s Collection as Hucnemis bu- 
cephalus. 


Fam. 2. HYLODIDZ. 


Hyzina with free toes, cylindrical processes of sacral vertebra, and 
without paratoids. 


Synopsis of the Genera. 


1. Crossodactylus. No vomerine teeth; tongue entirely adherent. 
Brazil. 

2. Phyllobates. No vomerine teeth; tongue free behind. West 
Indies ; Central America. 

3. Hylodes. Vomerine teeth; tongue entire or slightly nicked be-— 
hind. America. 


4, Platymantis. Vomerine teeth ; tongue deeply notched. Feejee 
and Philippine Islands. 


1. CROSSODACTYLUS. 


No vomerine teeth ; fingers thin, rather depressed, quite free ; disk 
convex beneath, flat and smooth above; toes free, fringed on both 
sides ; outer edge of tarsus fringed with a freemembrane. 'Tympa- 
num distinct; skin smooth, with a few scattered small flat warts on 
the sides. Tongue oval, entirely adherent. Brazil. 


Crossodactylus, Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 635. 


1. Crossodactylus gaudichaudii. 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 635. 
Olive; the upper part of the legs black-banded. Brazil. 


2. PHYLLOBATES. 


No vomerine teeth; fingers and toes rather depressed, quite free, 
not fringed, the dilated end above with a central longitudinal groove ; 
tympanum distinct; eustachian tubes small; skin quite smooth ; 
tongue large, free and entire, or slightly notched behind. West 
Indies ; Central America. 

Phyllobates, Bibron, in Ramon de la Sagra’s Hist. de 0Ile de Cuba, 
Rept. pl. 29 6; Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 687; Girard, in U. S. Naval 
Astronom. Expedit. p. 208. 


1. Phyllobates bicolor. 
Bibron, l.c.; Dum. & Bibr. p. 638. 


Tongue slightly notched behind ; first cuneiform bone indistinctly 
prominent ; above fulvous, beneath dark brown. Cuba. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 91 


2. Phyllobates melanorrhinus. 


Berthold, Neue Reptil. von Neu Granada, Dissert., Gottingen, 1846, 
p 14.t. 1. f 9. 


Tongue entire behind; metatarsus without any prominence ; above 
fulvous, beneath blackish; nose black.. New Granada. 


3. HYLODES. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, or covered with small flat warts ; 
no large gland. Disks small; fingers and toes free. Tympanum 
distinct ; eustachian tubes small; tongue large, oval, entire or 
slightly notched behind. Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. 
America. 


Cystignathus, sp., Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. p. 107. 

Hylodes, Fitz. Syst. Rept. p. 31; Tschudi, Batr. p. 77 ; Dum. § Bibr. 
viii. p. 619. 

Acris, sp., Dum. §& Bibr. viii. p. 509. 

Rana, sp., Bufo, sp., auct. prior. 


‘1. Hylodes lineatus. 


oe, ee Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 188; Gravenh. Delic. p. 44. 
t. 8. f. 2. 
fusca, Schnerd. 1. c. p. 130. 
castanea, Shave, Zool. iil. p. 128. 
Bufo lineatus, Daud. Rain. p. 105, and Rept. viii. p. 188. 
albonotatus, Daud. Rept. viii. p. 185. 

Rana schneideri, Merr. Tent. p. 177. 

Hylodes lineatus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 625. 

Toes cylindrical at the tip, with prominent tubercles beneath ; 
muzzle truncated in front ; tongue rounded at each end, oval, broader 
and entire behind ; vomerine teeth in two hardly interrupted, slightly 
arched series between and behind the inner nostrils. Above bluish 
black, with a white line on each side; extremities marbled with 
darker, and thighs with some large rose-coloured spots. 


a—d. Adult and half-grown. St. Domingo. From M. Sallé’s Col- 
lection. 

e. Half-grown. St. Domingo. 

jf. Adult. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 

g-n. Adult and half-grown. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s 
Collection. 


The specimens from the West Indies differ from those of the conti- 
nent, and they will probably prove to be different species. The 
belly in the former is uniformly light-coloured, in the latter reddish 
brown with minute white specks. The vomerine teeth of the former 
are arranged in two long, very concave series, extending behind the 
interior nostrils, nearly to the side of the mouth. The vomerine 
teeth of the specimens from Ecuador are placed in two short, hardly 
convex series, not reaching to the posterior side of the nostril. 


92 REPTILES. 


2. Hylodes martinicensis. 


Eleutherodactylus martinicensis, Bibr. MSS. 
Hylodes martinicensis, Tschudi, Batr. p. 77; Dum. § Bibr. p. 620. 


Habit as in Hyla arborea. Back smooth; disks distinct ; muzzle 
rather short, rounded in front ; tongue large, rounded, slightly nicked 
behind ; vomerine teeth in two well-separated, rather oblique series 
between the inner nostrils ; a black streak along the canthus rostralis 
above the tympanum ; loreal region olive; tympanum one-third or 
one-fourth of the eye. 


a. Many specimens. St. Vincent’s. 
b. Adult. St. Domingo. 
c. Half-grown. Barbadoes. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


3. Hylodes ricordii. 
Dum. § Bibr. Erpétol. génér, p. 623. 


Back covered with small warts; tongue large, oblong, rounded at 
each end, broader and entire behind. Vomerine teeth in a zigzag 
row. Disks distinct. Cuba (Dum. & Bibr.). 


a. Adult. St. Domingo. 
b,c. Adult. St. Domingo. From M. Salleé’s Collection. 


4. Hylodes oxyrhynchus. 
Dum. § Bibr. Erpétol. génér. p. 622. 

Back smooth; muzzle pointed; tongue large, with an obtuse, 
slightly nicked angle behind. Vomerine teeth in a zigzag row; disks 
distinct. (Dum. & Bibr.) 

Hab. ? 


5. Hylodes laticeps. 
A, Duméril, Catal. p. 178; Dum. § Bibr. ix. p. 408. pl. 99. 


Head very large ; muzzle obtuse, rounded ; tympanum higher than 
long ; sides grooved. Yucatan (Central America). (Dum.) 


6. Hylodes conspicillatus. 


Habit as ina half-grown Rana esculenta. Muzzle rather elongate 
~ and pointed. Vomerine teeth in two very oblique series, each be- 
ginning from the inner edge of the nostrils and reaching behind 
them ; tongue with a very small nick behind ; tympanum half the 
size of eye. Disks very conspicuous. Above brown, loreal region 
deep brown ; a blackish streak between the eyes, another oblique one 
from the eye above the tympanum, and a third beneath the eye ; back 
marbled with darker ; extremities with a few blackish cross-bands ; 
hinder side of the legs black, marbled with white; lower parts 
greyish white, marbled with brownish black. 


BATRACHTA SALIENTIA. 93 


a. Adult female: not good state. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. 
; Fraser’s Collection. 


Length of the body 12”; length of anterior extremity 12”; length 
of posterior extremity 3’; length of fourth toe 2”. The eggs are 
very large, half the size of a pea, and there are only sixteen in one- 
half of the ovarium. 

7. Hylodes luteolus. 


Litoria luteola, Gosse, 4 Naturalist’s Sojourn in Jamaica, p. 366. pl. 7. 


Disks of all the feet very small; fourth toe extremely long ; head 
somewhat pointed ; vomerine teeth arranged in two curved lines, 
whose convexity is forward, scarcely interrupted at their meeting 
angle; posterior half of tongue round and free. Colour pale buff, 
studded with minute dark specks, irregularly scattered, accumulated 
in the form of bands across the legs and thighs. A band of deep 
brown passes from the muzzle through the eye, and is lost about 
the middle of the side. 


a. Adult: not good state. Jamaica. Presented by Mr. Gosse. 
6, Adult: very bad state. Jamaica. 

c. Adult. Jamaica. Presented by Captain Parry. 

d. Adult: not good state. Jamaica. 


8. Hylodes leptopus. 
Batrachyla leptopus, Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 43. pl. 18. £.5. 


Tongue free behind ; vomerine teeth in two oblique groups between 
the interior nostrils; tympanum distinct, small, round; toes de- 
pressed, rather dilated, truncated and nicked at the tip; fingers 
slightly webbed at the base ; toes very slightly webbed (?); hinder 
edge of the thigh with scattered glands.— Bell. 


a. Very bad state. Valdivia. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 
Neither the description of Professor Bell, nor what I myself 
could see in the badly preserved specimen, can justify the sepa- 
ration of this species as a different genus. 


4, PLATYMANTIS*. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, or with narrow folds; no large 
gland. Disks rather small; fingers and toes free. Tympanum di- 
stinct ; eustachian tubes moderate ; tongue large, free and deeply 
notched behind. Male without vocal sac. Feejee and Philippine 
Islands. 

Hylodes, sp., 4. Duméril. 


1. Platymantis vitianus. 


Hylodes vitianus, (Libr.) A. Dum. Ann. Se. Nat. 3 série, Zool. xix. 
p- 177; Jacqu. § Guich. Rept. in Voy. au Péle Sud par Dumont- 
@ Urville, p. 26. pl. 1. £4, 4A. 


Vomerine teeth in two oblique series behind the inner nostrils. 


* trards flat, and pavris Tree-frog. 


94 REPTILES. 


Skin quite smooth (olive in spirits), generally a whitish rounded 
spot on each shoulder (speckled with purplish red in life). 


a-c, Adult and young. Feejee Islands. Presented by the Lords of 
the Admiralty. 

d. Adult female: skeleton. Feejee Islands. Presented by the 
Lords of the Admiralty. 

e. Adult. Feejee Islands. From the Museum of Economic Geology. 

f. Adult. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald. 

g, h. Adult. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald. 

i. Adult. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald. 

k-m. Adult and half-grown. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald. 

nm. Half-grown. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald. 

o. Half-grown. Sine patria. Voyage of the Herald. Disks very 
large: perhaps different. 


Deseription.—In habit like Polypedates maculatus. Head mode- 
rate, with flat forehead, high muzzle, and rather angular canthus ros- 
tralis; nostril elliptical, just below the canthus rostralis near the end 
of snout. Hye large, prominent ; tympanum circular, nearly half the 
width of eye; extremities moderate, with rather small disks and 
well-developed subarticular tubercles. Fingers and toes quite free ; 
third finger longest, first and fourth equal, second shortest ; carpus 
with three blunt tubercles. Toes fringed with a hardly conspicuous 
cutaneous fold; fourth toe longest by far, third longer than fifth ; 
first with a small blunt tubercle at the base. Skin smooth, hinder 
side of thighs rather granular; a small fold above the tympanum. 
Cleft of mouth broad; tongue large, tapering in front, free and 
deeply forked behind; palate very narrow ; inner nostrils and eusta- 
chian tubes moderate. Vomerine teeth in two rather short, widely 
interrupted oblique series, each beginning near the hinder interior 
angle of the nostril, and convergent towards behind. In the single 
male individual in our Collection, neither a vocal sac nor a slit on 
the side of the tongue is to be found. Above (in spirits) more or 
less uniform blackish ash, lighter (in two specimens purplish red) 
dotted and marbled; generally on each shoulder a white spot ; be- 
neath dull yellowish, throat marbled with brown. Length of body 
34; length of front extremity 24”; length of hinder extremity 52”. 

The skeleton is distinguished by the firmness of its structure, joined 
with a proportional slenderness of all the parts. Several portions of 
the skull are not ossified: there is one fonticulus between the parietal 
and frontal bones, whilst at the same place in Cystignathus, an ossi- 
fied part of the capsula cerebri interior forms a large os intercalare, 
separating widely the parietal bones from the frontals, and the latter 
from one another. The sides of the cranium exhibit a large ossified 
plate in the anterior half, but are fibro-cartilaginous in the posterior. 
The determination of the single bones between the petrosal and max- 
illary joint is rather difficult, the os tympanicum being separated into a 
superior and inferior part: the superior part emits the processus 
mastoideus, curved, but not reaching the upper maxillary bone, and 
another process directed towards the joint, and united by sutures with 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 95 


the inferior part of the tympanic and with the malar; this process 
approaches the joint, without being in connexion with it; the os 
pterygoideum appears to be entirely separated from the tympanic, if 
looked at from above, but both are united beneath without any 
visible suture. Thus also the malar is partly united with the tym- 
panic bone. The parietals are relatively very narrow, not quite half 
as broad as the frontals, leaving a great space for the united temporal 
and orbital grooves ; they have an irregularly serrated and truncated 
front edge, and a pair of spimous prominences behind for the insertion 
of muscles of the neck. The frontals are the largest bones of the 
whole skull, subtriangular, with a flat smooth surface ; the two upper 
ridges of the occipital bones are very prominent, obliquely situated ; 
petrosal conspicuously separated by sutures. The palatine bones are 
elongate, as generally, but without a sharp ridge. The diapophyses 
of the seven middle vertebrae do not differ very much from one 
another, either in length or in direction; those of the third and 
eighth are nearly horizontal; those of the ninth vertebra are very 
thick, trihedral, with rounded ridges ; the coccygeal style is provided 
with a rather high ridge, and equal in length to the vertebral column, 
formed by the eight posterior vertebre. The clavicula styliform, 
much weaker than the ossa coracoidea, which, much dilated at the 
inner end, form a long suture and give much firmness to the thorax ; 
the processus xiphoideus, much dilated in front, less behind, is formed 
by a single bone, and has a broad half-ossified cartilage behind; the 
manubrium sterni styliform, and bifid behind for the articulation with 
the clavicles ; supra-scapula broad, half-ossified ; humerus not much 
longer than fore-arm, with a moderate ridge near its head; the iliac 
bones are rather broad, channel-shaped, with the concavity bent in- 
wards, both nearly parallel to one another ; femur cylindrical, with- 
out ridge, rather shorter than the crus; the first cuneiform bone 
very small. 

The intestines exhibit no peculiarity, except the liver, both halves 
of which are nearly entirely separated from one another: an ex- 
ceedingly narrow band of the parenchyma passes behind the heart, 
uniting both halves. The gall-bladder is small, not immediately 
attached to the parenchyma, but suspended by a fold of the perito- 
neum. 


2. Platymantis plicifera. (Pure VIII. fig. B.) 


Vomerine teeth in two oblique groups behind the level of the 
hinder edge of the nostrils. Skin of back with narrow folds. Sides 
of head blackish. 


a, 6. Adult and half-grown. Philippines. 
c,d, Adult and half-grown. Philippines. From Mr. Cuming’s 
Collection. 


Description.—In habit similar to the preceding species; eye 
moderate; tympanum more than half the width of eye. Disks 
small; subarticular tubercles very prominent; fingers quite free ; 


96 REPTILES. 


first and third longest, nearly equal in length; the second rather 
longer than the fourth. Toes quite free, with a very slight fold at 
the edges; fourth longest by far; third rather longer than fifth ; 
metatarsus with two small blunt tubercles. Skin granulated, with 
symmetrical longitudinal folds on the back; a prominent glandular 
fold from the back edge of eye above the tympanum to the arm-pit ; 
tongue elongate, heart-shaped, free and deeply notched behind ; 
interior nostrils and eustachian tubes rather small; vomerine teeth 
in two rather elongate and oblique groups, somewhat behind the 
level of the hinder edge of the nostrils. Above brownish or olive; 
back irregularly variegated with darker ; between the eyes a blackish 
spot, in front of which a lighter one; sides of head beneath the 
canthus rostralis and the glandular fold blackish; extremities with 
darker cross-bands; hinder side of the thighs dark brown; under 
parts dull yellowish ; throat speckled with brown. Length of body 
1?”; length of front extremity 11”; length of hinder extremity 3”. 


Fam. 3. HYLIDA. 


Hytra with webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra, 
and without paratoids. 


Synopsis of the Genera. 


pa 


. Litoria. First finger opposite to the three others. Australia. 


2. Pseudacris. Toes slightly webbed at the base; web wanting 
between the two inner toes. 


3. Hyla. Head covered with soft skin; no finger opposite to the 
three others; toes all webbed; no pouch on the back of the 
female. Cosmopolitan. 


4. Nototrema. Head covered with soft skin; female with a pouch 
on the back. Central America. 


5. Notodelphys. Head above bony; female with a pouch on the 
back. Peru; Mexico. 


6. Trachycephalus. Head above bony; no pouch on the back of 
the female. West Indies; South America. 


1. LITORIA. 


Vomerine teeth ; skin of back smooth, or with plaits; disks very 
small; fingers very slightly webbed, the first opposite to the three 
others; toes half-webbed; tympanum distinct; eustachian tubes 
small; tongue broad, elliptic, entire or slightly notched behind; 
males with a subgular vocal sac. Australia, 

Litoria*, Tschudi, Batr. p. 77; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 503. 
Pelodytes, sp., Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 56. 

* Litoria glandulosa, Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, p. 42. pl. 18. f. 4, was founded 

upon a specimen, now in the Collection of the British Museum, from Concepcion 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 97 


1. Litoria freycineti. 
Litoria freycineti, (Bibr. MSS.) Tschudi, Batr. p. 77; Dum. & Bibr. 
p- 504. pl. 88. f 2. 
Pelodytes affinis, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 56. 


- Snout moderate; back nearly smooth; nostril in the middle be- 
tween the eye and the top of snout. 


a. Port Essington. From Mr. Gilbert’s Collection. 


2. Litoria nasuta. 
Pelodytes nasutus, Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 56. 


Snout pointed ; back with short longitudinal plaits ; nostril nearer 
the top of snout than the eye. 


a. Adult female. Port Essington. From Mr. Gilbert’s Collection. 
b. Adult male. Port Essington. Presented by the Earl of Derby. 
c. Half-grown. Australia. Presented by Sir J. Richardson. 


2. PSEUDACRIS. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin of back smooth. Disks very small; fingers 
quite free, none opposite to the others ; toes webbed at the base, no 
web between the two inner ones. Tympanum distinct; eustachian 
tubes moderate; tongue oval, slightly nicked behind. Male with 
internal vocal sac. North America. 


Chlorophilus, Baird, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 60. 
Pseudacris, Fitz. Syst. Rept. p. 31. 

Cystignathus, sp., Holbr. N. Amer. Herpetol. iv. p. 107. 
Acris, sp., Dum. § Bibr, viii. p. 509. 

Rana, sp., auct. prior. 


: 1. Pseudacris nigrita. 
Rana nigrita, Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, i. p. 282 ; Harlan, 
Med. Phys. Res. p. 105, and Journ. Ac. Nat. Se. Philad. v. p. 341. 
Acris nigrita, Dum. § Bibr. p. 509. 
Cystignathus nigritus, Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. p. 107. pl. 26. 
Baird, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1054, p. 60. 


Skin of back smooth ; vomerine teeth in two rather oblique series 
on the level of the hinder edge of the inner nostrils. Snout rather 
prominent beyond the lower jaw. Blackish ash, with three or five 
darker, sometimes interrupted longitudinal bands; a black streak 
passing through the eye above the tympanum; upper lip with a 
whitish streak. 


a. Adult. Georgia. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
b. Adult. Great Bear Lake. Presented by Sir J. Richardson. 


(Chili), presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. The specimen apparently was in a 
state of decay before it was put in spirits ; it belongs to a species of Cystignathus, 
in too bad a condition to be determined, and the glands on the hinder side of the 
thighs are merely the cysts of a parasitic animal. 


H 


98 REPTILES. 


3. HYLA. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, or with scattered small tubercles ; 
no large gland. Disks always very conspicuous; fingers more or 
less webbed, in some species quite free; toes broadly webbed, in one 
species only with a narrow membrane at the base. Tympanum 
distinct; eustachian tubes always very conspicuous; tongue large, 
more or less circular, entire or sightly notched behind. Males with 
one or two vocal sacs (except in one species). Cosmopolitan. 

Hyla, Lophopus, Centrotelma, Hylomedusa, Burmeister, Erléuterun- 
gen zur Fauna Brasiliens, p. 90. 

Hyla, Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 43. 

Hyla, Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 542; Gray, l.c.; Cuv. Réegne Anim. ; Laur. 
Syn. Rept. p. 32; Daud. Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., and Hist. 
Nat. Rept. viii. 

Dendrohyas, Hypsiboas, Lophopus, Calamita, Ranoidea, Sphzeno- 
rhynchus, Z'schudi, Batr. p. 71-74. 

Calamites, Hypsiboas, Auletris, Hyas, Scinax, Phyllodytes, Wagl. 
Syst. Amph. p. 200-202. 

Calamita, sp., Rana, sp., auct. prior. 


* Group with vomerine teeth in two curved, more or less separated 
series, forming together an arch with the convexity towards the 


front. (()) 


1. Hyla albomarginata. 
Hyla albomarginata, Spix, Test. t. 8. f. 1; Dum. & Buibr. p. 555. 
Hypsiboas albomarginata, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 201; Tschudi, Batr. 
. 72; Guichenot, Rept. in Castelna’s Anim. nour. ou rares, p. 82. 
? Hyla infulata, Wied, Beitr. i. p. 538, and Abbild. t. ; Burmeister, 
lc. p. 97. t. 80. f. 1-6. 
The three outer fingers nearly entirely webbed. Skin smooth ; 
head short. Minutely punctulated with brown; a white glandular 
fold passing above the eye. 


a. Adult. Rio Janeiro. Presented by A. Fry, Esq. 

b. Adult. Para. 

c-g. Adult and half-grown. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 
h. Half-grown. Brazil. 

i. Half-grown. Brazil. From Dr. Gardiner’s Collection. 

k,l. Young. Brazil. From Dr. Gardiner’s Collection. 

m. Young: discoloured. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

nm. Adult. South America. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 
o. Half-grown: discoloured. South America. 


2. Hyla langsdorfii. 


Hyla langsdorfii, Dum. § Bibr. Erpét. Génér. viii. p. 557 ; Guichenot, 
iene devi a: 
Centrotelma langsdorfii, Burmeister, 7. c. p. 100. 


The three outer fingers nearly entirely webbed. Skin minutely 
granular ; head large, with angular muzzle. ‘ Brownish, with whitish 
and brown variegations; in old age more uniform. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 99 


a. Large specimen: male: not good state. South America. Pre- 
sented by Sir R. Schomburgk. 

b. Adult female: bad state. South America. From Mr. Mather’s 
Collection. 

ec. Adult. Rio Janeiro. Presented by Alex. Fry, Esq. 

d. Adult: discoloured. South America. 


3. Hyla geographica. 


Hyla geographica, Spix, Spec. Nov. Test. t. 11. f. 1; Burmeister, 1. c. 
p. 99. 

The three outer fingers half-webbed; skin smooth; head broad, 
with prominent angular muzzle ; a conspicuous appendix at the heel. 
Reddish brown above, with black spots. An X-shaped marking on 
the anterior part of back. j 


a. Adult. Brazil. 

b. Adult. Brazil. 

c. Adult: bad state. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock. 
d. Adult. South America. From Mr. Parrey’s Collection. 

e, f. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 


4, Hyla pardalis. 


Hyla pardalis, Spx, Test. pl. 8. f. 5. 

crepitans, Wied, Abbild. t._ . 

Hyle palmate descript. pars, Dum. & Bibr. p. 545 (p. 547: Les 
flancs d’autres individus et le devant de leurs cuisses portent des 
raies verticales noiratres). 

Hylomedusa crepitans, Burmeister, 1. c. p. 103. 


Fingers one-third webbed; head broad, short; tongue nearly 
circular; subarticular tubercles prominent. Reddish grey above, 
with irregular blotches, formed by minute black points; sides of 
body and hinder part of the legs with transverse black stripes. 
(Perhaps only a variety of H. maxima.) 


a. Adult: not good state. Demerara. Presented by Dr. Hancock. 
b. Adult: not good state. Berbice. 
c. Adult. Caraccas. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection as Trachy- 
cephalus marmoratus. 

d. Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 

e, f- Adult. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 

g. Young. Venezuela. From Mr. Dyson’s Collection. 

h. Adult: stuffed. South America. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 
2. Adult: stuffed. South America. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 


5. Hyla maxima. 
Seba, i. 72. 5. 
Rana maxima, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 32. 
Rana palmata, Daub. Quadr. Ovip. p. 659; Lacép. Quadr. Ovip. i. 
p- 538; Bonnat. Ophiol. pl. 3. f. 1. 
Calamita maxima, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 163. 
H 2 


100 REPTILES. 


Rana zebra, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 123. 

Hyla palmata, Latr. Rept. ii. p. 173; Daud. Rain. p. 38. pl. 14, and 
Rept. viii. p. 79; Cuv. Regne Anim.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 544 (part.) ; 
Guichenot, Rept. in Castelnau’s Anim. nouv. ou rares, p. 80. 

Calamita palmatus, Merr. Tent. p. 178. 

Hyla faber, Wied, Reise nach Bras. i. p. 178, ti. pp. 241, 249, and 
Abbild. f. 1, 2, and Beitr. i. p. 519; Gravenh. Dele. p. 23. 

Hypsiboas palmata, Wagl. Syst. p. 201; Tschudi, Batr. p. 73. 

Hylomedusa palmata, Burmeister, 1. c. p. 102. 

The three outer fingers half-webbed. Skin smooth ; head short, 
large. Greyish or olive above, with or without more or less con- 
fluent darker spots, with or without dark-brown vertebral line. 


a. Adult. Brazil. 

b. Adult male. South America. ; 

c. Half-grown: not good state. South America. From Mr. Bates’s 
Collection. All with brown dorsal streak. 


6. Hyla xerophylla. 
Dum. § Bibr. Erpétol. Génér. p. 549. 


The three outer fingers one-third webbed; head short; eyelid 
flaccid; tympanum rather more than half the width of eye; loreal 
region not grooved. Above and beneath brownish, with a few 
scattered small white spots. 


a. Adult: not good state. Cayenne. 
b. Half-grown: not goodstate. Para. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 


7. Hyla fasciata. (Pxrare VII. fig. D.) 


Fingers scarcely webbed ; a small cutaneous spur at the heel ; head 
rather short, with pointed snout, grooved loreal region, and with a 
rather curved canthus rostralis; tympanum oval, not quite half the 
size of the eye. Back reddish olive-grey (in spirits), with a blackish 
vertebral line from the muzzle; sides of belly, anterior and posterior 
sides of the hind leg with alternate black and white cross-bars. 

a. Adult female. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 

Description of the specimen.—This species has the physiognomy of 
H. geographica, pardalis, maawima, and langsdorfir, but is distinguished 
by the very short web between the fingers, the small tympanum, the 
coloration, and the small size. The tympanum is half the size of the 
eye, rather indistinct, obliquely elliptical; there is a very narrow 
and low fold along the fore-arm and the tarsus, the latter being pro- 
vided with a small appendage at the heel. The web between the 
toes is deeply notched, and reaches only to the second phalanx of 
the first to fourth toe. The coloration is as above described, the 
black and white bars being nearly of the same width. There are 
visible also some such bars on the upper side of the foot. Length 
of the body 2”; length of front extremity 14”; length of hinder 
extremity 32”. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 101 


8. Hyla doumercii. 
Dum. § Bibr. Erpétol. Génér. p. 551. 


Fingers very slightly webbed; head short; tympanum large ; 
loreal region not grooved. Above uniform dark olive, beneath 
whitish. Surinam. 


9. Hyla punctata. 


Calamita punctata, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 170. 

Hyla punctata, Daud. Rain. p. 41, and Rept. viii. p. 81; Gravenh. 
Dehe. p. 30. t. 6. £2; Dum. § Bibr. p. 552 ; Burmeister, 1. e. p. 104. 

Hyla variolosa, Spix, Spec. Nov. Test. t. 9. f. 4. 


Fingers very slightly webbed; head short; tympanum not quite 
half the width of eye; eyelid tense; loreal region not grooved. 
Above light brown, on each side a white stripe, and back with white 
spots. Brazil (North); Surinam. 


10. Hyla leprieurii. 
Dum. §& Bibr. Erpétol. Génér. p. 553. 


The three outer fingers one-third webbed; head short; loreal 
region concave. Above greyish, with large brown-cross bands ; 
beneath white. South America. 


11. Hyla multifasciata. (Pxrare VIII. fig. D.) 


Fingers very slightly webbed; head as long as broad; loreal 
region flat ; skin smooth; all upper parts with brown, white-edged 
cross-bands ; beneath white. 


a. Adult. Para. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 


Description of the specimen.—Habit slender ; head rather large, as 
long as broad, with rather pointed muzzle and not rounded canthus 
rostralis ; loreal region flat, not grooved ; eyes rather large ; nostrils 
lateral, near the end of muzzle; tympanum oval, half the width of 
eye; upper parts and throat quite smooth; legs slender; metatarsus 
with one small tubercle; toes broadly webbed, but the membrane 
not reaching the tip of the toes; third toe nearly as long as fifth ; 
fourth one-fourth longer than fifth; tarsus with a low cutaneous 
fold; fingers slender, very slightly webbed. Disks moderate. Tongue 
cordiform, but very slightly notched behind ; vomerine teeth be- 
tween the interior nostrils, arranged in two curved lines, forming 
together an arch with the convexity forward ; interior nostrils rather 
large, eustachian tubes much smaller. Above light reddish brown ; 
body from the snout to the anus, and the extremities with brown, 
white-edged cross-bands; loreal region brown, a brown line from 
the back edge of eye above the tympanum. Length of body 1{"; 
length of hinder extremity 3”; length of front extremity 14”; length 
of tarsus 2”. 


102 REPTILES. 


12. Hyla boans. 


Hyla boans, Daud. Rain. p. 31. pl. 11, and Rept. viii. p. 64; Latr. 
Rept. ii. p. 184; Dum. §& Bibr. p. 605; Burmeister, 1. c. p. 108. 

Auletris boans, Wag. Syst. p. 201. 

Hypsiboas boans, Tschudi, Batr. p. 72. 


The three outer fingers very slightly webbed; head elongate ; 
snout tapering, but rounded in front ; tongue slightly notched behind. 
A brown dorsal stripe and a brown band through the nostril, eye, 


and tympanum ; brown cross-streaks on the back and legs. South 
America, 


** Group with vomerine teeth in two curved series, each forming an 
arch, one beside the other, whose convexity is forward. (—~-~ ) 


13. Hyla levaillantii. 
Dum. § Bibr. Erpétol. Génér. p. 550. 


Vomerine teeth between the hinder edges of the inner nostrils ; 
tympanum two-thirds the width of eye ; fingers very slightly webbed ; 
above brownish. Surinam, 


14, Hyla lichenosa. (Puare VIII. fig. C.) 


Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edges of the inner 
nostrils ; tympanum one-third the width of eye; skin covered with 
large flat warts; fingers one-fourth webbed. 


a. Adult male. South America. From Mr. Bates’s Collection. 

6. Adult male. Amazons. From Mr, Bates’s Collection. 

c. Large female: not good state. America. From Mr. Mather’s 
Collection. 

d-g. Half-grown and young. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cuming’s 
Collection. 

h. Half-grown. Cordova, From M. Sallé’s Collection. 

i, k. Half-grown and young: not good state. Mexico. From M. 
Parzudaki’s Collection. 


Description.—Hahit moderately slender; head broad, short, with 
flat crown, short blunt muzzle, and rounded canthus rostralis; eye 
moderate ; tympanum small, circular, half-hidden by an overhanging 
fold, about one-third the width of eye. Extremities moderate, with 
well-developed subarticular tubercles and moderate disks; fingers 
one-fourth webbed, toes webbed to the penultimate phalanx. Skin of 
the upper parts and of the sides covered with large round flat warts ; 
a broad glandular fold above the tympanum. Tongue nearly circular ; 
inner nostrils and eustachian tubes moderate ; vomerine teeth in two 
slightly arched series, scarcely interrupted in the middle, on a level 
with the hinder edge of the nostrils. In the Southern specimens the 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 103 


colour above is nearly uniform brown; in those from Central America 
olive, with a very broad, white, blackish-edged band from the upper 
eyelid to the loin ; some of the warts are deep black ; beneath uniform 
whitish. Sacral vertebra moderately dilated ; male with two large 
external vocal sacs behind the angle of mouth, Length of body 22”; 
length of front extremity 14"; length of hinder extremity 32”. 


*** Group with vomerine teeth arranged in a straight, elongated line, 
more or less interrupted on the middle of the palate. (——) 


15. Hyla cynocephala. 
Dum. § Bibr. Erpétol. Génér, viii. p. 558. 
Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils. 


Fingers not webbed ; back smooth ; head covered with small tubercles. 
Guiana. 


16. Hyla versicolor. 


Hyla verrucosa, Daud. Rain. p. 35. pl. 4. f 1. 

versicolor, Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, i. p. 281; 
Harlan, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sei. Philad. vy. 343; Dum. & Bibr. 
p. 566; Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 71. pl. 21. £.53 a; Holbr. 
N. Amer. Herpet. iv. pl. 28. 

Dendrohyas versicolor, Tschudi, Batr. p. 75. 


Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils. 
Fingers one-third webbed; skin warty; a cutaneous fold across the 
chest. Green, grey, or brown, with irregular darker spots ; beneath 
yellowish. Male with a subgular external vocal sac. 


a, Adult. Great Bear Lake. Presented by Sir J. Richardson.— 
Above greenish. 

6. Adult male. Canada. Presented by J. Howell, Esq. 

c. Adult male. Chippaway. 

d. Adult male. New York. 

e. Adult female. Philadelphia. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

f,g. Half-grown. California. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 

h,i. Adult: bad state. North America. Presented by Edward 
Doubleday, Esq. 

k. Adult male. North America. Presented by Dr. Jacob Green. 

Lo. Adult. North America. Presented by Mr. Drummond. 

p, q. Half-grown. North America. Presented by Edward Doubleday, 
Esq. 

r-t. Young: very badstate. North America. Presented by Edward 
Doubleday, Esq. 

uw. Adult male. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

—y, Adult female. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

w. Adult female. America. 

v. Adult female. America. 

y. Half-grown: bleached. America, 


104 REPTILES. 


17. Hyla venulosa. 


Merian, Insect. Surin. t. 56; Seba, i. 71. 1. 2, 72. 4. 
Rana venulosa, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 31; Daub. Quadr. Ovip. p. 668 ; 

Lacép. Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 587; Bonnat. Ophiol. p. 8. 

Rana tibiatrix, Law. lc. p. . 
zebra, var. venulosa, Shaw, Zool. ili. p. 124. 
meriana, Shaw, lc. p. 133. 
Calamita boans, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 164; Merr. Tent. p. 178. 
Hyla venulosa, Daud. Rain. p. 35. pl. 13, and Rept. viii. p. 74; Latr. 
~ Rept. ii. p. 175; Gravenh. Dele. p. 24; Dum. §& Bibr. p. 560; 
Guichenot, Rept. in Castelnau’s Anim. nouv. ou rares, p. 84; Bur- 
meister, 1. c. p. 106. 
Hyla tibiatrix, Daud. Rain. p. 36. 
zonalis, bufonia, Spix, Test. t. 12. f. 1, 2. 
Hypsiboas venulosa, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 201. 
Auletris tibiatrix (!), Wagl. 1. ¢. 
Hypsiboas venulosus, Zschudi, Batr. p. 72. 
Dendrohyas tibiatrix (!), Tschudi, Batr. p. 74. 

Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils. 
Fingers one-third webbed; skin warty; no cutaneous fold on the 
chest. Irregularly spotted or striped. Male with an external vocal 
sac on each side behind the angle of mouth. 


a. Adult male. Cayenne. 

b. Adult female. Cayenne. 

c. Adult female. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

d. Young: not good state. Para. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 

é. Adult male: fine specimen. South America. Purchased of Dr. 

Gardiner. 

f. Adult male. South America. 

g. Adult male. South America. 

h. Adult: bad state. South America. From Mr. Mather’s Col- 
lection. 

. Adult: bad state. South America. 

k. Adult: skin. South America. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 


=. 


18. Hyla marmorata. 

Seba, i. 17. 4, 5. 

Bufo marmoratus, Laur. Syn. p. 29; Bonnat. Ophiol. p. 14; Lacép. 
Quadr. Ovip. i. p. 607. 

Hyla marmorata, Daud. Rain. p. 54. pl. 12. f. 1, 2, and Rept. viii. p. 71 
Latr. Rept. ii. p. 184; Dum. §& Bibr. p. 571; Guichenot, 1. c. p. 85. 

Calamita marmoratus, Merr. Tent. p. 174. 

Lophopus marmoratus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 73; ? Burmeister, 1. e. p. 93. 
t. 31. f. la. 


Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils. 
The three outer fingers nearly entirely webbed; outer edge of arm 
and foot with a broad cutaneous fold; skin with small scattered 
warts. Disks very large. 


a, Half-grown: not good state. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 
6. Young. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA, 105 


19. Hyla corticalis. 
Lophopus corticalis, Bermeister, 1. e. p. 95. t. 80. f. 7-12. 


Vomerine teeth behind the hinder edge of the nostrils. The 
three outer fingers nearly entirely webbed; outer edge of arm and 
foot with a broad cutaneous fold; skin with small scattered warts. 
Disks very large. Neufreiburg (Brazil). 


20. Hyla carolinensis. 


Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol. ii. pl. 71. 

Hyla viridis, var. 8, Law. Syn. Rept. p. 33. 

Calamita carolinensis, Penn. Zool. Arct. ii. p. 331. 

cinereus, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 174. 

Rana bilineata, Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 156. 

Hyla lateralis, Latr. Rept. 11. p. 180; Daud. Rain. p. 16. pl. 2. £1; 
Leconte, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, i. p. 278; Harl. Journ. 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. v. p. 341; Dum. §& Bibr. p. 587. 

Hyla viridis, Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. pl. 29. 


The series of vomerine teeth well separated from one another, on 
a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils ; fingers slightly webbed ; 
upper parts quite smooth. A white streak along the edge of the 
upper lip and the sides. 


a—c. Adult and half-grown: bleached. North America. 
df. Adult: not good state. New Orleans. 


21. Hyla agrestis. 
Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 46. t. 19. f. 3. 


The series of vomerine teeth well separated from one another, on 
a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils ; fingers shghtly webbed. 
A white streak only along the edge of the upper lip; another parallel 
line above the tympanum. 


a, 6. Adult and young. Maldonado. Presented by Charles Darwin, 


Esq. 
c. Half-grown: not good state. America. Presented by Charles 
Darwin, Esq. 


22. Hyla prasina. 
Burmeister, 1. c. p. 106. t. 31. f. 2. 


The series of vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of 
the nostrils; fingers slightly webbed ; outer edge of the extremities 
and of the sides of the body with a cutaneous, serrated white fold. 
Skin of back smooth, green (olive in spirits). Neufreiburg (Brazil). 


23. Hyla baudinii. 
Dum. § Bibr. Erpétol. Génér. viii. p. 564. 


Vomerine teeth on a level with the front edge of the nostrils ; fin- 
gers one-fourth webbed ; skin of back smooth, of throat tuberculous ; 


106 REPTILES. 


a cutaneous fold across the chest. Male with a vocal sac on each 
side beneath the angle of mouth ; both sacs communicating one with 
the other. 


a, 6. Adult. Mexico. 

c. Adult. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

d. Adult: not good state. Mexico. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 
e-g. Adult. Mexico. From Hugo Finck’s Collection. 

h. Adult: very bad state. Mexico. From Hugo Finck’s Collection. 
2, k. Adult males. Honduras. 

1. Half-grown. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

m. Adult female. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 

nm. Adult: not good state. Brazil. 


24, Hyla capistrata. 


Hyla capistrata, Reuss, Mus. Senckenb. i. p. 58. pl. 3. f. 4. 
pumila, Dam. § Bibr. p. 565, . 


Vomerine teeth on a level with the front edge of the nostrils; 
fingers one-third webbed ; skin of back and throat smooth ; a cuta- 
neous fold across the chest; lips white-spotted ; male with a sub- 
gular external vocal sac. Brazil. 


*eEX Group with vomerine teeth arranged in two groups. 


25. Hyla vauterii. 
Hyla vauterii, (Bibr.) Bell, Zool. of the Beagle, Rept. p. 45, pl. 19. f. 2. 


Vomerine teeth in two groups, situated on a level with the hinder 
edge of the nostrils, and rather obliquely arranged, divergent towards 
behind ; fingers slightly webbed ; toes half-webbed ; tympanum one- 
third of the width of eye. Reddish grey above with brown spots. 


a. Adult. Maldonado. Presented by Charles Darwin, Esq. 


26. Hyla aurantiaca. 


Hyla aurantiaca, Daud. Rain. p. 28. pl. 9. f. 3, and Rept. viii. p. 57 ; 
Dum. §& Bibr. p. 610; Burmeister, 1. c. p. 105. : 

Hyla lactea, Daud. Rain. p. 30. pl. 10. f. 2, and Rept. viii. p. 62 ; 
Latr. Rept. ii. p. 178. 

Calamita aurantiacus et lacteus, Merr. Tent. p. 172. 

Dendrohyas rubra, Tschudi, Batr. p. 74. 

Spheenorhynchus lacteus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 71. 


Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils. 
Fingers half-webbed ; toes entirely webbed; tympanum rather in- 
distinct ; upper parts smooth; tongue entire behind, very large, 
covering the whole of the lower face of the buccal cavity. Above 
uniform brownish. 


a, Adult: discoloured. Demerara. Presented by Sir W. Holmes, 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 107 


27. Hyla fusca. 
Hyla ie Daud. Rain. p. 40, and Rept. viii. p. 5; Dum. § Bibr. 


Calamita fusca, Merr. Tent. p. 170. 


Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Fingers slightly webbed ; 
upper parts smooth ; a fold across the chest ; tympanum small, half 
the width of eye; tongue with an angular nick behind. Above uni- 
form brown. 


a. Adult: bad state. Brazil. 


28. Hyla luteola. 


Hyla luteola, Wied, Abbild. t. ,and Beitr. i. p. 585 ; Burmeister, 1. c. 
p. 107. t. 31. f. 3. 
? Hyla nebulosa, Spix, Spec. Nov. Test. t. 10. f. 4. 


Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Fingers very slightly 
webbed; upper parts smooth; tympanum much smaller than eye ; 
tongue nearly circular. Above yellow, minutely brown-spotted ; 
belly whitish, variegated with darker; sides of the thighs and of 
belly with bluish cross-streaks (Burm.). Neufreiburg (Brazil). 


29. Hyla arborea. 


Gesner, Quadr. ii. p. 98; Schwenckfeld, Theriogr. Siles. p. 153 ; Aldrov. 
Quadr. i. p. 622. 

Rana arborea, L. Faun. Suec. p. 180, and Mus. Ad. Fried. i. p. 47, 
and Syst. Nat. i. p. 857; Rosel, p. 39. t. 9-12; Wulf, Ichthyol. 
Boruss. p. 9; Miller, Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 35; Sturm, Deutsch. 
Fauna, wi. Heft i 3. "Donnd. Zool. Beitr. iii. p. 57; Latr. Salam. 
p- 88; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 180. 

Hyla viridis, Laur, Syn. Rept. p. 33; Bonnat. Ophiol. p. 9; Latr. Rept. 
u. p. 169; Daud. Rain, p. 14. f. i and Rept. viii. p. 23; Gravenh. 
Dele. p. 25; Eichw. Zool. Spee. iii. p- 166, and Fauna Casp.- Caue. 
p. 124; Bonap. Fauna Ital. ; Bibr. et Bory St. Vincent, Expéd. Mor. 
Rept. p. 74; Dum. § Bibr. ’p. 581. 

Rana viridis, aan Quadr. Ovip. iii. p. 667 ; Lacép. Quad. Ovip. i. 

550. 

Petaeiin arboreus, Schneid. Amph. p. 153; Merr. Tent. p. 170; Risso, 
Hist. Nat. Eur. Mérid. iii. p. 92. 

Hyla arborea, Cuv. Réegne Anim.; Griff: Anim. Kingd. ix. p. 396; 
Schinz, Faun. Helvet. p. 144. 

Hyas arborea, Wagl. Syst. p. 201. 

Dendrohyas arborea, Tschudi, Batr. p. 74. 


Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Fingers slightly webbed ; 
toes two-thirds webbed ; upper parts smooth ; a fold across the chest ; 
tympanum one-third the size of the eye; tongue circular, hardly 
nicked behind. Above greenish, sometimes spotted with olive, with 
a more or less conspicuous greyish streak through the eye, lost on 
the sides ; sometimes a greyish elliptical spot on the loin. 


108 REPTILES. 


A. European specimens. 


The streak along the canthus rostralis generally narrow, and not 
extending far on the sides, sometimes wanting; the spot on the loin 
sometimes very conspicuous. 


a-c. Adult. Hamburg. Presented by Dr. Tricke. 

d, ¢. Adult male and female. Bononia. Presented by J.J. Bianconi. 

f. Adult. Oporto. 

g. Adult. Elba. Presented by Sir W. C. Trevelyan. 

h. Half-grown. Guezama. Presented by Sir W. C. Trevelyan. 

7. Adult. Corfu. Presented by R. Freet, Esq. 

k,l. Very bad state. Sardinia. Presented by Professor Bonelli as 
H, sarda. 

m. Adult male: discoloured. Mediterranean. Presented by — 
Miller, Esq. 

n-q. Adult and young. South Europe. Presented by R. B. Webb, 

Esq. 
: Adult: discoloured. Europe. Presented by the Zoological Society. 


= 


s. Adult: not good state. Europe. Presented by the Zoological 
Society. 

t. Adult: not good state. Europe. From the Haslar Collection. 

u. Adult: bleached. Europe. 

v. Adult: not good state. Europe. 

w. Adult female: discoloured. Europe. 

wv. Half-grown. Europe. 

y. Adult: stuffed. Europe. 

z,a. Adult: skeletons. Italy. 

B, y. Adult and half-grown. Madeira. Presented by R. B. Webb, 


Esq. 
5. Adult. Madeira. Presented by R. B. Webb, Esq. 
e-n. Adult. Teneriffe. Presented by R. MacAndrew, Esq. 


B. African specimens. 
Like the European variety. 
0-«. Adult. Africa. 
C. Asiatic specimens. 
+ From Western Asia, like former. 
x. Adult. Asia Minor. From the Haslar Collection. 
p. Many specimens. Euphrates Expedition. 
y. Adult: bad state. Euphrates Expedition. Presented by the 
Zoological Society. 
&. Adult: bad state. Euphrates Expedition. Presented by the 
Zoological Society. 
++ From Eastern Asia. 


I. Var. chinensis (Prater IX. fig. C.). Agrees in all its 
characters with our European specimens, except in having 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 109 


some black spots on the loin and on the hinder part of the 
upper leg; the disks appear to be rather larger, and there 
is a very distinct web between the fingers. 


o, x. Adult and half-grown. China. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
p. Adult female. China. - From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

s-x. Adult and half-grown. China. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
w~. Adult: skeleton. China. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


II. Var. japonica. Spot on the loin and streak through the 
eye wanting. In Schlegel’s description (Fauna Japon. 
p- 112), another frog is confounded with this variety. Only 
fig. 6 of the third plate in that work belongs to H. arborea : 
see Polypedates schlegelii. 


w, aa. Adult and half-grown. Japan. From the Leyden Museum. 
6b. Adult. Japan. From the Leyden Museum*. 


30. Hyla euphorbiacea. (Prater X. fig. C.) 


Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Fingers not webbed; a slight 
rudiment of a web between the first and second fingers ; toes one- 
third webbed ; a fold across the chest ; tympanum one-third the size 
of the eye; tongue circular, hardly nicked behind. Above greyish 
(in spirits greenish olive), with a grey streak from the nostril through 
the eye, widening on the sides and reaching to the loin; the hinder 
sides of the thighs white-spotted. 


a. Adult male. Cordova. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 

6. Adult male. Cordilleras. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection as 
H. pulchella. 

c,d. Adult. Mexico. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 

e. Adult: skeleton. Mexico. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 


I formerly considered this American species to be a climatal va- 
riety of Hyla arborea; but M. Sallé, who collected the greater part 
of the specimens, has afforded me such information, that I no longer 
adhere to my former opinion. The American species never fully 
attains to the size of the European, the ground-colour is always grey 
or greyish, never green, and the voice is much less vigorous and dif- 
ferent in intonation. M. Sallé generally found it resting on the large 
euphorbiaceous plants. From the great similarity of all the out- 
ward characters to Hyla arborea, and from the figure in Plate X., it 
will not be necessary to give a full description. The toes appear to 
be proportionally a little more slender. 


The results of a comparison of the skeletons of the European and 
Chinese varieties of Hyla arborea and of H. euphorbiacea are, that 


* Tn the “Zoology” of the ‘Voyage au Pole Sud et dans l’Océanie sur les 
Corvettes |’Astrolabe et la Zélée,’ Part “ Reptiles et Poissons, par Jacquinot et 
Guichenot,” another variety of Hyla viridis is described at p. 25, and figured in 
pl. 1. fig. 2, 2A, with black, lighter-edged spots. The figure does not appear 
to be very well executed, and the country where it was found is not mentioned. 


110 REPTILES. 


the former exhibit no difference, whilst in the latter the iliac bones 
appear to be rather more elongate in proportion to the length of the 
whole vertebral column: the proportions of the different parts of the 
extremities are nearly the same. 


31. Hyla rubra. 


Hyla rubra, Daud. Rain. p. 26. pl. 9. f. 1, 2, and Rept, viii. p. 53 ; Latr. 
Rept. ii. p. 176; Dum. § Bibr. p. 592; Burmeister, 1. c. p. 109. 

Calamita ruber, Merr. Tent. p. 171. 

Hyla X-signata, Spex, Test. t. 11. f. 3. 

Auletris rubra, Wagl. Amph. p. 201. 


Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Fingers quite free ; upper 
parts with a few small scattered tubercles ; a fold across the chest ; 
tympanum not half the width of the eye; tongue slightly notched 
behind. Above brownish or greyish, with a triangular spot between 
the eyes; generally on each side a curved band, both nearly con- 
fluent on the middle of the back, divergent towards front and towards 
behind. 


a,b, Adult. Demerara. Presented by Captain Friend. 

c,d. Adult: discoloured. Demerara. Presented by Colonel Sabine. 

e. Adult. South America. Mus. Guilding. 

f-h. Adult and half-grown. South America. From Mr. Bates’s 
Collection. 

a. Adult. Brazil. 

k%. Adult: bad state. Santarem; Amazons. From Mr. Bates’s Col- 
lection. ‘ 

dZ. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

m,n. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

o. Adult: bad state. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

p. Adult. Para. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 

q. Adult. Para. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 


32. Hyla zebra. y 
Dum. & Bibr. Erpétol. Génér. viii. p. 575. 


Vomerine teeth nearly on a level with the hinder edge of the 
nostrils. Fingers one-third webbed; tympanum small, half the 
width of eye; head covered with small glands. Above brownish ; 
thighs black- and white-banded. 


33. Hyla leucomelas. 
Dum. & Bibr. Erpétol. Génér. p. 576. 


Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils. 
Fingers one-third webbed ; upper parts quite smooth. Above greyish, 
minutely dotted with black. 


a. Adult. Caraccas. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. iit 


34. Hyla squirella. 


Hyla squirella, Daud. Rain. p. 18. pl. 3. f. 2, and Rept. viii. p. 34; 
Latr, Rept. ii. p. 181; Leconte, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1. 
p- 279; Harl. Journ. Acad. Nat. Se. Philad. v. p. 342; ? Gravenh. 
Delic. p. 28. t. 6. £1; Dum. & Bibr. p. 589; Dekay, New York 
Fauna, Rept. p. 72. pl. 21. f. 53; Holbr. N. Amer. Herpet. iv. pl. 30. 

Hyla femoralis, Daud. Rain. p. 19. pl. 5. f. 1, and Rept. vii. p. 32; 
Latr. 1. c. ; Leconte, l. ce. p. 280; Harl. 1. c.; Holbr. l.c. pl. 31. 

Calamita squirella et femoralis, Merr. Tent. p. 171. 

Auletris squirella, Wagl. Amph. p. 201. 

Dendrohyas squirella, Tschudi, Batr. p. 75. 

Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils. 
Fingers very slightly webbed ; toes half-webbed ; tympanum half 
the width of eye; tongue slightly nicked and free behind; a fold 
across the chest. Above greenish olive, with darker spots; some- 
times the upper lip is white-edged, and the hinder side of the thigh 
white-spotted. 


a. Adult. Georgia. From Mr, Cuming’s Collection. 


35. Hyla ewingii. 


Dum. §& Bibr. Erpétol. génér. viii. p. 597 ; Jacg. § Guich. Rept. in Voy. 

au Péle Sud par Dumont-d’ Urville, p, 26. pl. 1. £.8,5 A (not good). 

Vomerine teeth on a level with the hinder edge of the nostrils ; 

fingers quite free; toes broadly webbed ; tympanum half the width 

of eye ; tongue nearly circular; upper parts of the sides and upper 

eyelid tubercular. Above greyish, darker variegated and spotted ; a 
blackish streak along the canthus rostralis ; temple blackish. 


a. Adult. Van Diemen’s Land. Presented by the Zoological Society, 
and named by Bibron. 

h-d, Adult females. Van Diemen’s Land. Presented by R. Gunn, , 
Esq. 

e. Half-grown. Van Diemen’s Land. Presented by R. Gunn, Esq. 

fH. Adult. Hobart Town. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq. 

k, Adult: not good state. Hobart Town. Presented by J. B. Jukes, 
Esq. 

1. Adult. Hobart Town. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq. 

m. Adult. N.E. Australia. From Mr. Rich’s Collection. 

m. Half-grown. N.E. Australia. 

o. Half-grown. Australia. Presented by the Earl of Derby. 

p. Adult. Australia. Presented by the Zoological Society. 

qg-s. Adult and half-grown. Australia. 

t. Adult male: remarkably small specimen. Australia, Purchased 
of Mr. Stevens. 

36. Hyla rubella. 

Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 57. 


Vomerine tecth behind the level of the hinder edge of the nostrils ; 
fingers quite free; toes two-thirds webbed; tympanum one-third 
the width of eye; tongue large, not notched behind; upper parts 


112 REPTILES. 


quite smooth. Above greyish, sides of head and body with a broad 
purplish-brown band. 


a, b. Adult females. Port Essington. Purchased of Mr. Gould. 
c. Adult female. Port Essington. Purchased of Mr. Gould. 


ie Hyla leucophyllata. 


Hyla leucophyllata, Betress, in Schrift. der Berl. Naturf. Freunde, iv. 
p- 178 t.4L £4; Shaw, Zool. ii. p. 127; Gravenh. Delic. p. 31; 
Dum. §& Bibr. p. 607; Burmeister, l.c. p. 104. t. 31. f. 4. 

Calamita leucophyllatus, Schneid. Amph. p. 168; Merr. Tent. p. 173. 

Hyla frontalis, Daud. Rain. p. 24. pl. 7, and Rept. viii. p. 45. 

lateristriga, Spix, Spec. Nov. Test. t. 14. f. 4. 

elegans, Wied, Abbild. pl. _, and Beitr. i. p. 529. 

Hypsiboas leucophyllatus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 72. 


Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Fingers half-webbed ; 
upper parts smooth. Above blackish brown, with a triangular white 
spot on the forehead, and a white band on the sides of the back, 
sometimes confluent behind into a very large white blotch. 


a. Adult. Brazil. Purchased of Dr. Gardiner. 
b. Adult. Cayenne. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 


38. Hyla rhodopepla. (Prater VII. fig. E.) 


Vomerine teeth between the nostrils; fingers nearly one-third 
webbed, toes completely webbed; back smooth; tongue circular, 
slightly nicked behind. Back and the upper side of the lower leg 
rose-coloured, the former scarcely dotted with violet; a purplish- 
brown, lighter-edged (in spirits) band round the muzzle through the 
eye, along the sides to the loin; upper arm and leg not coloured ; 
under parts whitish. 


a. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 


I found a single specimen of this beautiful species in a small col- 
lection of Batrachians sent by Mr. Fraser from Guayaquil. The 
specimen appears to be a half-grown individual, with the colours 
pretty well preserved, but otherwise not in the best condition. No 
cutaneous folds or appendages are visible, either of the front or of 
the hinder extremities. The muzzle is flat, obtuse, rounded; the 
tympanum rather more than half the width of the eye; the fourth 
finger is much longer than the second; the third and fifth toes are 
equalin length ; at the base of the first finger a rudiment of a thumb 
is visible. Length of the body 11”; length of the front extremity 
not quite 2”; length of the posterior extremity 12”. 


39. Hyla peronii. 


Hyla peronii, Bibron, MSS.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 569. 
Dendrohyas peronii, Tschudi, Batr. p. 75. 


Vomerine teeth between the nostrils ; fingers one-fourth webbed ; 


BATRACHTA SALIENTIA,. ie 1138 


back with a few small scattered tubercles ; tongue circular, with an 
angular nick behind. Brownish, variegated with white and brown ; 
arm-pit and loin blackish brown; hinder side of leg white, marbled 
with brown. 


a. Adult male. Australia. Presented by Sir J. Richardson. 
6. Adult female. Port Essington. Presented by the Earl of Derby. 
c. Adult. Van Diemen’s Land. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


40. Hyla adelaidensis. 


Hyla adelaidensis, Gray, in Grey’s Journ. Exped. Austr. p. 447. t. 8.f.2. 
Hyla bioculata, Gray, 1. c. f. 1. 

Vomerine teeth between the nostrils. Snout rather pointed. 
Fingers quite free ; tongue large, covering the whole of the inferior 
face of the buccal cavity, slightly notched behind ; back with a few 
small scattered tubercles. A brown streak, beneath edged with yel- 
lowish, extends from the back edge of eye to the abdomen. 


A. Back purplish brown; hinder side of the thighs with some 
large round white spots. . 
a. Adult female. West Australia. From Mr. Gilbert’s Collection. 
Type of Dr. Gray’s H. adelaidensis. 
b-h. Different ages. West Australia. Type of Dr. Gray’s H. bi- 
oculata. 
tm. Larve and young. West Australia. Presented by G. T. 
Moore, Esq. 
n. Adult: very bad state. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. 
Fleming. 
o, p. Adult: not good state. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. 
Fleming. 
q. Adult female. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 
r, Adult. Australia. Presented by the Zoological Society. 
s. Adult. Australia. Presented by the Zoological Society. 


B. Back with darker spots ; hinder side of thighs not coloured, 
sometimes with very obsolete lighter spots. 
t-w. Adult males. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 
w, y. Adult females. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 
2. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 
a. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 


41. Hyla jervisiensis. 
Dum. § Bibr. Erpétol. Génér, viii. p. 580. 


Vomerine teeth on a level with the front edge of the nostrils; 
fingers half-webbed. Upper parts smooth, greyish, with a brown 
streak along the canthus rostralis, passing above the tympanum. 


New Holland. 
I 


114 ; REPTILES. 


*KEEK Group with vomerine teeth, arranged in two oblique series, 
convergent posteriorly. 


42. Hyla aurea. 


Rana aurea, Less. Voy. Cog. Zool. ii. p. 60. pl. 7. f. 2. 

Hyla jacksoniensis, Bibr. MOSS. ; Dum. & Libr. p. 602. 
Ranoidea jacksoniensis, Tschudi, Batr. p. 79. 

Gray, in Grey’s Journ. Exped. Austr. t. 8. f. 8 (without name). 


Fingers free ; toes broadly webbed ; head longer than broad ; tongue 
elliptical, slightly notched behind; upper parts smooth ; a glandular 
fold behind the angle of mouth. Olive, with a whitish band on each 
side of back; a blackish streak along the canthus rostralis. Male 
with a subgular vocal sac. 


a-d, Adult. West Australia. 

e-h. Adult. West Australia. 

i,k. Adult. West Australia. 

l-o. Adult and half-grown. West Australia. 

p-r. Half-grown. West Australia. 

s. Young. West Australia. 

t. Adult. King George’s Sound. From the Leyden Museum as 
H. ewingi. 

u. Fine specimen. New South Wales. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

v. Adult: not good state. Swan River. 

w, «. Young and half-grown. Swan River. Presented by Sir A. 
Smith. 

y, z. Adult males. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 

a, B. Adult males. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 

y. Half-grown: bad state. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. 
Fleming. . 

8, e. Half-grown. Port Essington. Presented by Dr. Fleming. 

Z. Adult female. Tasmania. Presented by R. Gunn, Esq. 

n—t. Half-grown. Tasmania. Presented by R. Gunn, Esq. 

x, \. Half-grown: bad state. Tasmania. Presented by R. Gunn, 
Esq. 

p meee Alte specimens. Tasmania. Capt. Ross’s Expedition. 

y. Adult: very bad state. New Holland. 

z. Adult: not good state. New Holland. Presented by Charles 
Darwin, Esq. ; 

o, 7. Adult females. New Holland. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq. 

p. Adult. New Holland. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

o,r. Adult: not good state. New Holland. Presented by Mrs. 
Rawdon. 

v. Adult. New Holland. Presented by the Earl of Derby. 

g. Adult: very bad state. 2? Presented by C. Bowring, Esq. 

x. Adult female. Melbourne. Presented by Mr. Krefft. 

Wy. Adult; skeleton. New Holland. 

w. Adult female: skeleton. Australia. 


Skeleton.—Besides the zygomatic and pterygoid arches, there is a 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. MLD 


third from the tympanic bone to the maxillary formed by the pro- 
cessus mastoideus, which reaches to that point of the maxillary where 
this bone is united with the pterygoid. As in Oystignathus, there 
is a large os intercalare between the frontal and parietal bones, with 
‘distinct sutures in one of the skeletons, which in another are con- 
founded with those bones. The sides of the skull are more or less 
ossified, according to the age of the individual. The coccygeal style 
is not quite as long as the vertebral column, and provided with a 
high, sharp ridge. The clavicule are curved, with the convexity 
behind; in front of their symphysis is the manubrium sterni, half- 
cartilaginous, not bifid; the coracoid bones are rather feeble, dilated 
at the sternal end, and joined behind with a very large and broad 
_ ossifying cartilage. Humerus with a moderate ridge, still lower in 
the femur. The iliac’ bones have a slight longitudinal groove, are 
just as long as the crus, and a little longer than the humerus. 


43. Hyla verreauxii. 
Dum. Ann. Se. Nat. 1854, p. 171. 


Fingers free, toes broadly webbed; head short; muzzle angular, 
obtuse ; loreal region concave; tympanum much smaller than the 
eye; tongue slightly nicked behind; upper parts smooth, a glan- 
dular fold above the tympanum. Above brown, with a broad darker 
band from between the eyes to the vent. New Holland. 


44, Hyla citropus. 


Hyla citropa, Péron and Lesueur, MSS.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 600. 
Dendrohyas citropa, Tschudi, Batr. p. 75. 


Fingers quite free ; toes only webbed at the base ; tongue circular, 
entire and free behind. Port Jackson. 


4, NOTOTREMA. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin of back glandular, of crown smooth ; no 
large gland. Disks rather large; fingers and toes elongate, very 
slightly webbed. Tympanum distinct; eustachian tubes moderate ; 
tongue large, nearly circular, very slightly notched behind. Trans- 
verse process of sacral vertebra equally dilated from the base. Male 
with an external subgular vocal sac; female with a pouch on the 
hinder part of the back. Peru; Mexico. 


Hyla, sp., Dum. & Bibr. viii. p. 598. 
Gastrotheca*, Fitz. Syst. Rept. p. 30. 


* Fitzinger appears to have believed in the existence of a pouch on the belly ; 
his denomination is derived from yaorip belly, and @j«n, used by the old anato- 
mists for the brain-pan; therefore I think myself justified in not accepting his 
name. 

12 


116 REPTILES. 


1. Nototrema marsupiatum. (Puare X. figs. B, B’, B’.) 


Hyla marsupiata, Dum. § Bibr. |. c. pl. 98; Guichenot, Rept. in Cas- 
teln. Anim. nouv. ou rares de lAmér. du Sud, p. 86. 


Vomerine teeth in two series, in a straight line between the inner 
nostrils. Above uniform bluish olive (in spirits), or greenish olive 
with bluish or dark green, black-edged longitudinal spots, and with 
transverse bars on the extremities. 


a. Adult male. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 

b, c. Adult male. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 

d. Female: pouch not developed. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. 
Fraser’s Collection.—Coloration uniform. 

e, f. Females: pouch not developed. Andes of Ecuador. From 
Mr. Fraser’s Collection.—Back and extremities spotted. 

g. Female: with a pouch on the back, not extending above the sa- 
cral region. Andesof Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 
—Coloration uniform. 

h, Female: pouch filled with eggs. Andes of Ecuador.—From Mr. 
Fraser’s Collection.—Coloration uniform. 

7. Adult male. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 
—Uniform shining greenish brown. 

k. Adult male. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’sCollection. =. 

Lt. Adult and half-grown specimens. Andes of Ecuador. From 
Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 


Mr. Fraser collected, in the Andes of Ecuador, a series of these 
animals, strikingly illustrating the changes to which the coloration 
of this species and the pouch are subjected. The coloration is not 
dependent on sex or on age, as is shown by the notices given 
above. The females appear to attain nearly their full size before the 
development of the pouch on the back. In specimen d. there is hardly 
a trace of it to be seen. Specimens ¢. and f. are rather larger, and 
exhibit two longitudinal folds of the skin along the iliac bones; they 
are united by a transverse fold, corresponding to the level of the 
sacral vertebra (fig. B.) ; these folds are so low, that, at present, there 
is no cavity between or beneath them. The pouch of the specimen g. 
(fig. B’.), extending 2 millim. upwards, may be considered as a further 
degree of development; but it may also be the contracted cavity, 
the young frogs having left the back of the mother. J may add, 
that the whole inside of the pouch of these specimens is provided with 
a skin, identical with the external cutis and having the same color- 
ation. Specimen h. (fig. B’.) shows the pouch filled with eggs, ex- 
tending to near the occiput, forming a separated sac between the 
cutis and the dorsal muscles ; the entrance is very narrow, and con- 
cealed in folds of the cutis. The inside is colourless. The eggs 
appear to be very young, not yet exhibiting a trace of the foetus. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 117 


5. OPISTHODELPHYS. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin cf back smooth; head above bony, with a 
rough ridge on the occiput. Disks large; fingers slightly, toes 
broadly webbed; tympanum distinct ; eustachian tubes moderate ; 
tongue large, nearly circular, very slightly notched behind. Female 
with a pouch on the hinder part of the back. Central America. 

Notodelphys*, Weinland, Monatsberichte der Acad. der Wiss. Berlin, 
1854, p. 372. 


_ 1. Opisthodelphys ovifera. 


Notodelphys ovifera, Weinland, 1. c., and in Miiller’s Archiv, 1854, 
p. 449. t. 17-19. 


Crown concave ; occiput with a bony, rough ridge, forming two 
arches with the convexity forward. Vomerine teeth in two series 
in a straight line, between the interior nostrils. 


a. Half-grown male. Cordova. From M. Sallé’s Collection.—Our 
specimen differs from that of Weinland in having the sides not 
uniform brown, but with some large, not confluent, dark brown 
spots. 


6. TRACHYCEPHALUS. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin more or less granular; head above bony, 
with or without bony ridges. Disks large; membrane between the 
fingers not much developed; toes broadly webbed. '‘Tympanum di- 
stinct ; eustachian tubes moderate; tongue large, nearly circular, 
very slightly notched behind. Males with two internal, lateral, 
vocal sacs; females without pouch on the back. West Indies ; South 
America. 

Trachycephalus, Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 534. 
fea Dendrohyas, sp., Hypsiboas, sp., Zschudi, Baty. pp. 
72, 74, 
1. Trachycephalus marmoratus. 


Trachycephalus marmoratus, Bibr. in Hist. del Ile de Cuba par Ramon 
de la Sagra, Rept. t. 29; Dum. § Bibr. p. 588. 
Hyla septentrionalis, Mus. Paris. et Lugd. 
Dendrohyas septentrionalis, Tschudi, Batr. p. 74. 
Hyla brunnea, Giosse, A Naturalist’s Sojourn in Jamaica, p. 361. 
Vomerine teeth in a straight line between the inner nostrils, hardly 
interrupted in the middle; canthus rostralis with a bony, smooth 
ridge ; bony surface of the crown finely granular ; fingers slightly 
webbed. 


a-d. Adult. Cuba. Presented by the Zoological Society. 
e, f. Adult. Cuba. Presented by W. 8. Macleay, Esq. 
g. Half-grown. Cuba. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 


* Preoccupied by a genus of Entomostraca (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1847, 
vol. xx. p. 2). 


118 : REPTILES. 


h-m. Adult, half-grown, and young. St. Domingo. From Mr. 
Cuming’s Collection. 

n. Adult. Jamaica. 

o. Half-grown female: bad state. Jamaica. Presented by Mr. 
Gosse, and type of his H. brunnea. 

p. Adult: skeleton. (Caraccas?) 


2. Trachycephalus geographicus. 


Trachycephalus nigromaculatus, Tschadi, 1. e. 
geographicus, Dum. & Bibr. p. 586. 


Vomerine teeth in a straight line between the inner nostrils, hardly 
interrupted in the middle ; canthus rostralis with a bony ridge ; bony 
surface of crown marked with radiating striz ; fingers slightly webbed. 


a. Adult male and female. South America. 
6, Half-grown female. Brazil, Presented by Lord Stuart. 


3. Trachycephalus dominicensis. 


Hypsiboas dominicensis, (Mus. Paris) Tschudi, Batr. p. 72. 
Trachycephalus dominicensis, Dum. § Bibr. p. 540. 


Vomerine teeth in a distinctly arched, scarcely interrupted series 
between the inner nostrils; canthus rostralis rounded ; bony surface 
of the crown finely granular; the three outer fingers nearly half- 
webbed. 


a, Adult. Hayti. Presented by the Zoological Society. 

6. Adult. St. Domingo. 

c. Adult. St. Domingo. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 

d. Adult: not good state. Jamaica. Presented by N. Wilson, Esq. 


4. Trachycephailus lichenatus. 
Gosse, A Naturalist’s Sojourn in Jamaica, p. 362. pl. 7. 


Vomerine teeth in two straight or slightly arched, oblique series, 
convergent towards front ; canthus rostralis with a bony ridge; head 
above with sharp bony ridges, one from the back edge of orbit passing 
above the tympanum, another on the occiput, forming two arches 
with the convexity towards behind. Skin tuberculous ; fingers one- 
third webbed. 


a, b. Adult females. West Indies. Stevens’s sale. 

c. Adult. West Indies. 

d. Adult. West Indies. 

ec, f. Adult: not good state. Jamaica. Presented by Mrs. Mauger. 
g. Adult: bad state. Jamaica. 

h. Adult. West Indies. From the Collection of T. C. Eyton, Esq. 
i,k, Adult. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 119 


Fam. 4. PELODRYADIDA. 


- Hyxina with webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra, and 
with paratoids. 


One genus. Australia. 


1. PELODRYAS. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin minutely granular, with a large broad 
paratoid. Disks very large ; fingers one-half or one-third, toes two- 
thirds webbed ; first finger opposite to the three others. “‘Tympanum 
distinct ; eustachian tubes moderate; tongue large, circular, very 
slightly notched behind. Diapophysis of sacral vertebra dilated. 
Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. Australia. 


1. Pelodryas ceruleus. (Pxare IX. fig. B.) ” 


Rana cerulea, White, Jown. N. S. Wales, App. p. 248 (fig. bad); 
Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 113; Daud. Rain. p. 70; Merr. Tent. p. 174. 

Rana austrasize, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 150. 

Hyla cyanea, Daud. Rept. viii. p. 43; Cuv. Régne Anim.; Schleg. 
Abbild. t. 9. £.2; Dum. & Bibr. p. 577. 

Calamites ceeruleus, Wagl. Amph. p. 200. 

Calamita cyanea, Tschudi, Baty. p. 75. 


Above uniform green, in spirits bluish, beneath uniform whitish. 
Vomerine teeth in two oblique series, convergent posteriorly. 


a—-d, Adult. Port Essington. Purchased of Mr. Gould. 

é. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by the Karl of Derby. 
f. Adult. Port Essington. Presented by the Earl of Derby. 
g. Adult. North Australia. Presented by Dr. J. E. Elsey. 
A, i. Adult. Australia. Presented by the Earl of Derby. 

k. Adult male: skeleton. Australia. 

l. Adult. Australia. Voyage of the Herald. 

m. Adult male. Antarctic Expedition. 

n. Adult. Moreton Bay. Purchased of Mr. Stevens. 


Description.—In habit very similar to Phyllomedusa bicolor ; head 
broader than long, with broad crown and short, rounded muzzle; eye 
moderate ; cleft of mouth rather large; behind the eye a large broad 
paratoid, extending to the shoulder, projecting far above the tympa- 
num, with many pores; skin of the back minutely granular, the 
granules on the sides and beneath larger. Disks of the fingers very 
large, as large as the tympanum, those of the toes rather smaller ; 
first finger opposite to the three others; a rudimentary membrane 
between the first and second fingers ; the three outer ones one-third 
webbed, with moderate subarticular tubercles ; in specimen m. (fig. 6) 
the web extends over one-half of the length of the fingers ; fore-arm 
with a cutaneous ridge to the elbow. ‘Toes two-thirds webbed, the 
membrane being deeply notched; subarticular tubercles moderate ; 
metatarsus with one small, oval, blunt tubercle ; a cutaneous fold along 


120 REPTILES. 


its inner edge. Tongue nearly circular, slightly notched behind ; inner 
nostrils large; vomerine teeth situated in two oval, rather oblique 
groups, a little behind the middle of the inner edge of the nostrils ; 
palate with a deep longitudinal groove on each side ; eustachian tubes 
moderate ; tympanum very distinct,not quite as large as the eye. Males 
with a large internal subgular sac with two openings ; sacral verte- 
bra much dilated, and its process provided with a broad, long cartilage 
at its outer edge. Above uniform green, in spirits bluish, beneath 
uniform whitish. Length of body 34”; distance between the eyes 
<"; length of front extremity 2”; length of hinder extremity 33”; 
length of fourth toe 1”. 


Fam. 5. PHYLLOMEDUSIDE. 


Hyxra with free toes, dilated processes of the sacral vertebra, and 
with paratoids. 


One genus. South America. 


1. PHYLLOMEDUSA. 


Vomerine teeth. Skin smooth, with a large elongate paratoid. 
Disks large; fingers and toes quite free; the first finger and the 
first two toes opposite to the three others. Tympanum rather in- 
distinct. Eustachian tubes moderate; tongue large, pear-shaped, 
entire and free behind. Transverse process of sacral vertebra much 
dilated. Males with an internal subgular vocal sac. South America. 


Phyllomedusa, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 201; Tschudi, Batr. p. 70; 
Dum. § Bibr, vii. p. 627. 
Hyla, sp., auct. prior. 


1. Phyllomedusa bicolor. 


Rana bicolor, Boddaert, Monogr. de Rana bicol. f£. 1-3, and Schriften 
der Berl. Naturf. ii. p. 459; Shaw, Nat. Mise. x. p. 867, and Zool. 
iii. p. 126. 

Calanita bicolor, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p. 156; Merr. Tent. p. 170. 

Hyla bicolor, Latr. Rept. ii. p. 174; Daud. Rain. p. 22. pl. 5, 6, and 
Rept. viii. p. 40; Spix, Test. t. 13. f. 1, 2; Gravenh. Delic. p. 26; 
Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Guérin, Iconogr. pl. 26. f. 3. 

Hyla hypochondrialis, Zatr. lc. p. 177; Daud. Rain. p. 29. pl. 10. 
f. 1, and Rept. viii. p. 60; Gravenh. Ll. c. p. 28. 

Phyllomedusa bicolor, Wagl. Syst. p. 201; Tschudi, Batr. p. 70; 
Dum. § Bibr. p. 629. pl. 90, f. 2 a, 6, e; Burmeister, Erlaiterungen 
zur Fauna Brasil. p. 111. t. 82. - 


Blue above; thighs and sides spotted with white. 
a—c. Adult. Brazil. Presented by Dr. Gardiner. 
d. Adult. Brazil. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
c. Half-grown: bad state. Brazil. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 
f. Young. Brazil. Presented by Lord Stuart. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA,. Lh 


g, h. Half-grown. Berbice. 

2. Young. Dutch Guiana. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

k. Adult. South America. Presented by G. Busk, Esq. 

l. Adult. South America. ; 

m. Half-grown: bad state. South America. From Mr. Bates’s 
Collection. 

nm, o. Adult and half-grown. Brazil. 

p. Adult. South America. 

q, 7. Young. South America. 

s. Half-grown: stuffed. Brazil. Presented by Mrs. Parker. 

t. Half-grown: stuffed. Brazil. Presented by Mrs. Parker. 

u. Adult: skeleton. Brazil. 


Section II. Micrhylina. 


O. PAcHYDACTYLA with maxillary teeth, and with imperfectly 
developed ear. 


Fam. 1. MICRHYLIDA. 


Micruyiina with webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra, 
and without paratoids. 


One genus. Java. 


1. MICRHYLA. 


No vomerine teeth*. In habit similar to Engystoma, with rather 
long legs. Disks moderate; fingers quite free; toes webbed. Skin 
smooth. No tympanum, no cayum tympani, no eustachian tubes+; 
tongue rather elongate, oval, rather broader and entire behind. 
Male with an internal subgular vocal sac. Java. 

Micrhyla, Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 618. 
Microhyla, Tschudi, Batr. p. 71. 
Hylaplesia, sp., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 294. 


1. Micrhyla achatina. 


Hylaplesia achatina, Bove, /. c. 
Microhyla achatina, Tschudi, 1. c.; Dum. § Bibr. p. 614. 


Crown with a brown cross-band; on each side of the back an 
elongated brownish-black spot. 


a. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 


* Like Bibron, I was not able to find the “ dentes palatinos brevissimos,” men- 
tioned by Tschudi. 

+ “Tympan caché; trompes d’Eustachi excessivement petits.’—Duwm. & Bibr. « 
“Tyommeltell fehlt; Trommelhohle ausserst klein; tuba Eustachii nur ein 
ausserst feines Kanalchen.”’— Tschudi, p. 28. 


122 REPTILES. 


Section II]. Hylaplesina. 


O. pLatypActTyLA without maxillary teeth and with perfectly 
developed ear. 


Fam. 1. HYLADACTYLIDA. 


Hyap.esina with webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra, 
and without paratoids. 


One genus. East Indies. 


1. KALOULA. 


Habit similar to Engystoma ; head rather small, with short muzzle ; 
cleft of mouth rather narrow; extremities rather short; teeth none 
in jaws or in palate, a sharp bony transverse ridge behind the 
inner nostrils (? sometimes bearing very minute teeth: D. f B.). On 
the hinder part of palate two transverse, dentated, membranaceous 
folds ; tongue oval, free and entire behind. Eustachian tubes round, 
narrow ; tympanum indistinct; paratoids none; skin smooth, with 
a few flat warts; metatarsus with two tubercles. Fingers four, 
much dilated at the tip; toes five, slightly webbed, or with only a 
rudimentary membrane, moderately dilated at the end. Males with 
an internal subgular vocal sac. East Indies. 


Hyladactylus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 85; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 732. 
Plectropus, Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 736. 
Kaloula, Gray, Zool. Mise. 1851, p. 38. 


1. Kaloula baleata. 
Bombinator baleatus, Mill. Verhandel. Batav. Genotsch. Batav. 1836, 


p- 96. 
Hyladactylus baleatus, Tschudi, Batr. p. 85; Dum. & Bibr. p. 734. 


Snout rather blunt and angular; a conspicuous rudiment of a 
membrane between the toes. Uniform brown, each joint of the 
extremities with a pair of large white spots. 


a. Adult. Java. 

b. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum. 

c,d. Adult. Java. From the Leyden Museum.” 

e. Adult. ? 

f. Adult: not good state. Ceylon? Presented by Sir A. Smith.— 
Brownish black; above marbled with black, beneath with 
white; no white spots at the jomts.—Perhaps a distinet 
species. 


Var. Hyledactylus celebensis. Belly dark brown, like back ; 
white spots not much conspicuous. 


g. Adult. India. From Mr. Parrey’s Collection. 
h. Half-grown. India. From the Leyden Museum, 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 123 


2. Kaloula pulchra. 


Kaloula pulchra, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 38. 
Hyleedactylus bivittatus, Cantor; Catal. Malay Rept. p. 148. 


Snout very blunt and short; a rudiment of a membrane between 
the toes hardly conspicuous. Light brown, with a large triangular 
dark brown spot, covering nearly the whole of the back, beginning 
with a truncated tip between the eyes and becoming broader poste- 
riorly ; whitish spots on the joints only visible in younger indi- 
viduals. 


a. Adult. Ceylon. Presented by Dr. Kelaart. 

6. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 

¢, d. Adult and half-grown. China. Presented by J. Reeve, Esq. 
e. Adult. China. 

f,g- Young. China. 


3. Kaloula picta. 


Plectropus pictus, (Bibron) Eydoux et Souleyet, Voy. dela Bonite, Rept. 

pl. 9. f. 2; Dum. & Bibr. p. 737. 
Muzzle rather blunt, not very short, angular; toes one-third 
webbed. Olive or brownish, the darker coloration of back sometimes 
forming a large triangular spot, with a tapering end on the occiput, 


sometimes separated in more or less confluent spots; no white spots 
on the joints. 


A. Male= Plectropus pictus, Bibr. Tips of fingers and toes very 
slightly enlarged, cylindrical, scarcely dilated; inner tubercle of 
metatarsus large, flat, round, not sharp. 


a. Adult. Philippine Islands. 


B. Female. Tips of fingers and toes much dilated, ends of fingers 
broader than that of toes ; inner tubercle of metatarsus oval, rounded, 
moderate. 


b-d. Adult. Philippine Islands. 
e. Adult. Philippine Islands. 


The male individual in the British Museum Collection belongs 
undoubtedly to that form of Batrachians called by Bibron Plectropus 
pictus. On the other hand, another Batrachian from the Philippine 
Islands, with all the characters of Kaloula, agrees so perfectly with 
Plectropus, except in the character of the toes, as to lead me to 
believe that both forms are identical, one being the male, and the 
other the female. A comparison of more specimens will no doubt 
show the truth of my belief that there exist sexual differences in 
the third species of Kaloula, and that hitherto only the male was 
known, and described by Bibron as Plectropus pictus. 


124 REPTILES. 


Fam. 2. BRACHYMERIDZ. 


Hyzartesova with free toes, dilated processes of sacral vertebra, 
and without paratoids. 


One genus. South Africa. 


1. BRACHYMERUS. 


Habit rather stout; head small, rather short, cleft of mouth 
moderate ; extremities short ; teeth none in jaws nor in palate, nor 
a sharp bony ridge; tongue oblong, broadest behind, slightly emar- 
ginate. Tympanum hidden; eustachian tubes very small; skin 
smooth; metatarsus without any tubercles. Fingers four, toes five, 
all free and dilated at the end. Sacral vertebra not much extended. 

South Africa. 


Brachymerus, Smith, Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa. 


1. Brachymerus bifasciatus. 
Smith, l.c. pl. 63; Peters in Wiregm. Archiv, 1855, p. 58. 


Above deep liver-brown, with two red (in spirits yellowish) lon- 
gitudinal bands; beneath brownish, variegated with yellowish; ex- 
tremities yellow-spotted. 


a. Adult: not good state. South Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
b-g. Adult and young. South Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Fam. 3. HYLAPLESIDA. 


Hy apiesina with free toes, cylindrical processes of sacral ver- 
tebra, and without paratoids. 


One genus. Tropical America. 


1. HYLAPLESIA. 


Habit raniform ; head moderate, angular; cleft of mouth mode- 
rate ; extremities moderate ; teeth none in jaws nor in palate ; tongue 
elongate, free and entire behind. ‘Tympanum rather indistinct ; 
paratoids none; skin smooth, or with small, flat, smooth tubercles ; 
metatarsus with two feeble blunt tubercles. Fingers four, toes five, 
all free and dilated at the end. Sacral vertebra not dilated. Males 
with an internal subgular vocal sac. Tropical America. 


Dendrobates, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 202; Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 649. 
Hylaplesia, sp., Bote, Isis, 1827, p. 294; Tschudi, Batr. p. 70. 
Hyla, sp., Rana, sp., Calamita, sp., auet. prior. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 125 


1. Hylaplesia tinctoria. 


Linn, Amen. i. p. 566; Bonnat. Encycl. p. 10. 
Calamita tinctorius, Schneid. Hist. Amph. p.175; Merr. Tent. p. 169. 
Rana tinctoria, Shaw, Gen. Zool. iii. p. 135. 
_ Hyla tinctoria, Latr. Rept. ii. p. 170; Daud. Rain. p. 25. pl. 8, and 
Rept. viii. p. 48; Cuv. Réegne Anim. 
Dendrobates tinctorius, Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 202; Dum. & Bibr. 
p. 652. pl. 90. f. 1, la. 
trivittatus, (Spix) Wadi. 1. e. ’ 
Hylaplesia tinctoria, Bove, /.c.; Tschudi, Batr. p. 70. 


First finger shorter than second; back smooth. 


Var. A. Above black, with two white lateral stripes, beginning 
from a white spot on the crown, sometimes one or two cross-streaks 
between ; beneath blackish, with deep black spots, or with whitish 
markings.—Dendrobates lugubris, Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. 
Wien, 1858, p. 250. t. 2. f. 14. 

a. Adult. Cayenne. 

b. Half-grown. Bogota. Presented by Mr. Marks. 

ce. Young. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 

d. Adult: very bad state. South America. Presented by Sir R. 
Schomburgk. 


Var. B. Upper parts uniform grey (in spirits); under parts 
uniform black. 


e. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 
f. Adult. Para. Presented by R. Graham, Esq. 
g. Adult. Para. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 
Var. C. Black, with scattered round white spots. 
h. Adult. South America. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


Var. D. Quite uniform black. 
2. Adult. Panama. From M. Pfeffer’s Collection. 
k-o. Adult. Panama. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 
p. Half-grown. America. 
Var. E. Grey, with large black blotches. 
gq. Adult. Isthmus of Darien. Presented by the Zoological Society, 
and named by Bibron Dendrobates latimaculatus. 


Var. F. Brownish on the muzzle, and on each side a large white 
spot; upper arm and leg with a white ring (Dum. & Bibr. p. 654). 


2. Hylaplesia picta. 
Hylaplesia picta, Tschudi, Batr. p. 71. 
Dendrobates pictus, Dum. § Bibr. p. 656; Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. p. 119. 


First finger longer than second; back tubercular, with a glan- 
dular ridge on each side. Brownish black, with two white lateral 


126 , REPTILES, 


bands ; upper jaw white-edged; a white streak along the hinder 
side of the thigh ; sometimes uniform brown. 


Our specimens agree in all their characters with the description 
of Bibron, except in always having the first finger longer than the 
- second, as is mentioned in another species of Bibron, D. obscurus, 
p. 655, a species quite unknown to us. (Cfr. Guichenot, Rept. in 
Casteln. Anim. nou. de V Amér, du Sud, p. 87. pl. 17. f. 2.) 


a. Adult. Brazil—Uniform brown: this is to be considered only 
as a variety, and may prove to be L. obscwrus, Bibr. 

b, ce. Adult. Para. From Mr. Stevens’s Collection. 

d, Adult. Demerara. Presented by the Zoological Society. 

e. Adult. Demerara. Presented by the Zoological Society. 

f. Adult: not good state. St. Domingo. 


3. Hylaplesia speciosa. 


Dendrobates speciosus, Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, 
p. 249. t. 1. f. 11, t. 2. f. 12. 


First finger shorter than second. Entirely smooth, without folds. 
Uniform carmine-red (in spirits bluish grey). Andes of New 
Granada (6000 feet). 

4. Hylaplesia pumilio. 
Dendrobates pumilio, Schmadt, 1. c. p. 250. t. 2. f. 13. 


Entirely smooth, without folds. Above violet, beneath greyish 
white; sacral region, sides, extremities, belly and breast punctu- 
lated with black. Andes of New Granada (6000 feet). 


5. Hylaplesia lateralis. 
Dendrobates lateralis, Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. p. 120. pl. 5. f. 2. 


First finger shorter than second. Back smooth. Above yellow- 
ish white, with a brown band on each side of the back and head ; 
sides punctulated with brown. Chile. 


BATRACHIA SALIENTIA. 127 


C. PROTEROGLOSSA. 


Section I. Rhinophrynina. 


ProTERoGLossA without maxillary teeth and with imperfectly 
developed ear. 


Fam. 1. RHINOPHRYNIDA. 


RuryNopHRyNina with webbed toes, dilated processes of sacral ver- 
tebra, and with paratoids. 


One genus. 
1. RHINOPHRYNUS. 


Body broad, rather depressed, rounded; head confounded with 
body; muzzle truncated, forming a flat circular disk in front; skin 
smooth ; paratoid hidden, large, with smooth surface ; no tympanum, 
no cavum tympani, no eustachian tubes; fingers webbed at the 
base ; toes half-webbed ; first cuneiform bone forming a flat, oval, 
horny spur. Male with two lateral vocal cavities, internal, and 
hidden behind the angle of the mouth. Mexico. 


Rhinophrynus, Dum. § Bibr. viii. p. 757. 


1. Rhinophrynus dorsalis. (Prare XII.) 


Dum. §& Bibr. viii. p. 758. pl. 91. f. 2, 2a (bad); Giinther, Proc, Zool. 
Soc. 1858, p. 339. 


Bluish grey, with yellowish spots on the sides and in the vertebral 
line, the latter sometimes confluent. 


a. Adult male. Mexico. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 

b,c. Adult and young. Mexico. From M. Parzudaki’s Collection. 
d. Half-grown. South America. From M. Sallé’s Collection. 

e, f. Young. Vera Cruz. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 


APPENDIX. 


Tue present Appendix gives an account of the specimens collected 
since this Catalogue was printed, and descriptions of several new spe- 
cies. I am also enabled to make some additional remarks, especially 
to the synonymy, from works to which I have had no access before. 


Page 2. Dactylethra levis. 
f. Adult. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 3. Pipa americana. 


Guichen. Rept. in Castelnau, Anim. nour. ou rares del Amér. du Sud, 
p- 92. pl. 18. 


ce’. Female with young on the back. ‘Tropical America. Presented 
by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 3. Myobatrachus paradoxus. 


Professor Schlegel of Leyden has kindly informed me, that the two 
large canines are true teeth of the vomer, situated immediately be- 
hind the intermaxillary bone. The tympanum and cavum tympani 
are absent ; and thus we have, in the Protero-, Opistho-, and Aglossa 
respectively, forms with an imperfectly developed ear. The diapo- 
physis of the sacral vertebra is dilated. Prof. Schlegel will figure 
this Batrachian in the second Part of his Zoology. 


Pages 4 and 22. LEIUPERUS. 


Schmidt (Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 240) is perfectly 
right in denying the existence of the web between the toes of 
these Batrachians. I had formerly seen only a single young speci- 
men of Leiuperus marmoratus, and was obliged to confide in the 
account given in the Hrpétologie générale. This genus therefore 
must be removed into the family of Cystignathide ; and in the dia- 
gnosis of the genus, ‘toes webbed at the base’’ must be altered into 
“toes free.” 


Page 5. Add to the Synopsis of the Genera. 


14a. Stenorhynchus. Toes half-webbed ; tympanum hidden ; no 
vomerine teeth. 


APPENDIX. 129 


Page 5. Pseudis paradoxa. 
k'. Young. Surinam. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 7. Tomopterna adspersa. 
_¢,d. Adult and half-grown. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 7. Tomopterna delalandii. (Puare II. fig. A.) 


c. Many specimens. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
d. Many specimens. Sine patria, Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 
e. Skeleton: male. Sine patria. Presented by J. C. Jerdon, Esq. 


Page 7.—4. Tomopterna natalensis. 
Pyxicephalus natalensis, Smith, Ill. S. Afr. App. p. 23. 


Lower jaw with two very weak prominences; legs much longer 
than body ; snout rounded, moderate; tympanum half the size of 
eye; toes only one-third webbed. Yellowish grey, with a blackish- 
green band from the muzzle to the side of body, a short black eross- 
band on the front part of the back, and with cross-bands on the 


legs. 
a. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
b. Adult. South Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 8. Rana kuhlii. 
Var. A. 


a’. Half-grown. Celebes. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Var. B. 
e’. Young. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming. 


Page 9. Rana macrodon. 
f. Large specimen. Java. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 9. Rana vittigera. 


I have since ascertained that there is far more probability that 
the specimens t—-v were procured in China, and not in Ceylon. 


Page 10. Rana tigrina. 


t,t’. Fine specimens. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming. 

x. Young. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming. 

n'. Very large specimen. India. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
K 


130 REPTILES. 


Page 11. Rana hexadactyla. 


c'-d', Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
1. Adult. India. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
m. Many half-grown specimens. India. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 11. 7a. Rana occipitalis. (Puate XI.) 


Body with small tubercles and short longitudinal folds ; no distinct 
pores; a small fold in front of the upper eyelid, another across the 
occiput, uniting both the posterior angles of the eyelids; toes of 
moderate length, terminating in a small knob, completely webbed, 
without notch between ; the fourth not much longer than the third. 


Above greenish brown, marbled with darker; a whitish streak 
across the occiput. 


a. Fine female specimen. West Africa. From Mr, Fraser’s Col- 
lection. 

b-d. Adult females. Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

e-g. Adult males. Africa, Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

h-k, Adult females. Gambia. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

1. Fine female specimen. Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


- Description.—This species is in habit somewhat similar to Rana 
tigrina. The forehead is flat; the canthus rostralis indistinct ; the 
sides of the head oblique; the muzzle rounded, of moderate length, 
in the male rather narrower than in the female. The nostrils are 
situated near the end of the muzzle, and opened towards the upper 
surface. The eyes are of moderate size, prominent above the level 
of the crown, and with a rather narrow space between ; in front and 
behind the eyelid a fold, as described above. The tympanum is 
round, coloured, and not quite so large as the eye. The inner nostrils 
and eustachian tubes are nearly equal and of moderate size; the 
vomerine teeth are arranged in two series, convergent posteriorly, 
and each beginning from the front edge of the inner nostril. The 
lower jaw is provided with two bony prominences, but they are low 
and covered with the mucosa, and correspond to two grooves in the 
upper jaw. There are two external vocal sacs in the male, each 
with a small round opening near the angle of the mouth. The body 
and the extremities are rather stout, the former covered with short 
folds, and on the sides with numerous tubercles ; the belly is smooth. 
The toes are of moderate length, rather short ; the third longer than 
the fifth; all terminate in small knobs, and are connected by a 
web, which is not notched, and reaches to the extreme end of the 
toe; there is even a cutaneous fold extended along the outer edges 
of the first and fifth toe, and another fold runs along the tarsal edge. 
Metatarsus with only one oblong tubercle. The third finger is the 
longest, and fringed along the inner edge; the first and fourth are 
equal in length ; the second is the shortest, and fringed on both edges. 
The two inner fingers terminate in small knobs, the two outer 
ones are rather pointed; in the male the base of the first is very 


APPENDIX. 131 


thick. The ground colour of the upper parts is brown or greenish 
brown, marbled with brownish-black spots; all the specimens 
exhibit a more or less distinct whitish streak along the transverse 
fold on the occiput. The belly is whitish; the throat reticulated 
with brown. Length of the body 4"; length of the hinder extremity 
52”; length of the tarsus with the fourth toe 22"; length of the 
~ anterior extr emity 21”. 


Page 12. Rana malabarica. 


d', e. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming. 
g', g'. Half-grown and young. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming. 


Having now received specimens in a very good state of preserva- 
tion, I have no doubt this species must be transferred to the Platy- 
dactyla, and placed in the genus Hylarana, where I shall give a 
modified diagnosis of it. 


Page 13. Rana esculenta, var. japonica. 
dd. Adult. Japan. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 13, Rana halecina. 
Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 63. pl. 20. f. 49. 


b'. Fine female specimen. Canada. Presented by Sir A. Smith, 
u. Adult. North America. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq. 
v. Adult. North America. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq. 


Page 14. Rana palustris. 


Rana pardalis, Harlan, Amer. Journ. x. p. 50. 
palustris, Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 62. pl. 22. f. 60. 


a,b. Adult: not good state. North America. Presented by Sir 
A. Smith. 


Page 14.—12a. Rana horiconensis. 


Holbr. N. Amer. Herpetol. iv. p. 83. pl. 19. 
Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 61. pl. 22. f. 62. 


A glandular fold on each side ; toes not quite webbed to the end; 
metatarsus with one tubercle. Vomerine teeth in two small groups 
between the inner nostrils. Dark olive with irregular, rather small 
black spots; upper lip with dark bars; above this is an indistinct 
clouded white band to the shoulder. Tympanum about the size of 
the eye. 


a. Adult: not good state. Canada. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 14. Rana clamata. 
Rana fontinalis, Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 62. pl. 21. f. 54a. 
K 2 


132 REPTILES. 


Page 15. Rana mugiens. 
Rana pipiens, Dekay, 1. c. p. 60. pl. 19. f. 48. 


l. Large female. North America, Presented by Odo Russell, Esq. 
m,n. Largemales. North America. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq. 
o. Very largefemale. Southern States. Purchased of Mr. Jamrach. 


Page 17. Rana temporaria, var. silvatica. 


Rana silvatica, Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 64. pl. 20. f. 60. 
(young), pl. 21. f. 54. 


Page 17. Rana superciliaris. 


The folds in front and behind the upper eyelid are also met with 
in Rana oxyrhynchus and bibronii; but in Rana superciliaris there 
are two white longitudinal streaks on the hinder side of the thigh, 
with a black one between—the same part being irregularly spotted 
in Rana oxyrhynchus. Rana bibronii has a white vertebral band ; 
but it may prove to be identical with Rana superciliaris. 


Page 18. Rana bibronii. 
b-g. Adult and half-grown. Gambia. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 18. Rana grayi. 


d-h. Adult and half-grown. South Africa. Presented by Sir A. 
Smith. 
i,k, Adult. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 18. Rana mascareniensis. 
b. Adult: bad state. Abyssinia. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 19. Rana fuscigula. 
i,k, Adult. Sierra Leone. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 19. Rana oxyrhynchus. 


b. Fine specimen. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
c. Half-grown. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
d. Fine specimen. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 20. Rana delalandii. 


i. Half-grown. Africa. From Mr. Frank’s Collection as Rana 
gracilis. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


APPENDIX. 133 


Page 20. Rana fasciata. 
c. Many young and adult specimens. Cape. Presented by Sir 
A. Smith. 
Page 20, Spherotheca strigata. 


Having found, in the Collection of Sir A. Smith, specimens of 
Tomopterna lalandi in an adult and perfect state, I was immediately 
convinced of the identity of Sph. strigata with that species, and it was 
evident that the specimens presented by Mr. Jerdon to the British 
Museum were not procured in the East Indies, as indicated by that 
gentleman. The figure given in the Erpétologie générale was made 
from a half-grown specimen, and it is difficult to recognize the species 
by it. 

Page 21. Calyptocephalus gayi. 
Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. Erpetol. pp. 107, 109. pl. 6. 


Page 21. Cyclorhamphus marmoratus. 
Gay, l.c. p. 129. pl. 7. f. 4. 


c. Adult: not good state. Chili. Purchased of M. Parzudaki. 

d, Adult. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection.—This 
specimen has the vomerine teeth arranged in two series, and 
belongs perhaps to a distinct species. 


Page 24. Pyxicephalus americanus. 
d, Adult. Tropical America. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 26.—14a. STENORHYNCHUS, 


Habit moderate, raniform. Tongue elongate, cordiform, nicked 
behind ; no vomerine teeth. Eustachian tubes small; tympanum 
hidden, beneath the skin. Skin with tubercles. Fingers free, toes 
half-webbed; metatarsus with two tubercles. 


Stenorhynchus, Smith, Ill. 8. Afr. Rept. App. p. 28. 


1. Stenorhynchus natalensis. 


Smith, 1. c. p. 24. 


Brownish grey marbled with darker, beneath whitish ; throat 
marbled with brown. 


a. Adult female. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 26. Add to the Synopsis of the Genera. 


4, Leiuperus. No vomerine teeth. 
(5. Arthroleptis. ) 


134 REPTILES. 


Page 29.—7a. Cystignathus roseus. 
Dum. § Bibr, viii. p. 114; Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. Erpetol. p. 99. pl. 7. £. 3. 


Tympanum scarcely distinct ; vomerine teeth in two groups on a 
level with the posterior margin of the nostrils. Tongue circular ; 
the inner nostrils and eustachian tubes very narrow. Upper parts 
rose-coloured, back with a brownish shade; the hinder side of the 
thighs blackish, spotted with white; belly whitish. Chili. 


Page 29. Cystignathus nodosus. 
Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. Erpetol. p. 98. 


Page 30. Cystignathus senegalensis. 
b-f. Adult. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 30. Cystignathus georgianus. 
i, Many specimens. Van Diemen’s Land. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 31. Pleurodema labyrinthicum. 


Cystignathus labyrinthicus, Guichen. Rept. in Casteln. Anim. nouv. ou 
rares dev Amér. du Sud, p. 79. pl. 16. 


Page 31. Pleurodema bibroni. 
Cystignathus bibroni, Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. Erpetol. p. 96. pl. 7. f. 2. . 
Var. elegans (p. 32). Cystignathus elegans, Gay, /. ec. p. 101. 


Page 33.—1 a. Limnodynastes peronii. 
Cystignathus peronii, Dum. § Bibr. p. 409. 


No large gland. Back with longitudinal folds. Head moderate ; 
snout produced, depressed, flat; tongue cordiform, slightly nicked 
behind. Brownish, with longitudinal series of brown spots on the 
back and cross-bars on the legs; belly marbled with brown. 


a. Adult male: not good state. Van Diemen’s Land. Presented 
by Sir A. Smith. 


I am now convinced that this species of Dumeéril and Bibron, 
which I have placed as a doubtful synonym of ZL. dorsalis, forms a 
distinct species, distinguished from L. tasmaniensis by its coloration 
and the folds on the back. 


Page 33. Limnodynastes tasmaniensis. 


g-k. Adult and half-grown. Van Diemen’s Land. Presented by 
Sir A. Smith. 


APPENDIX, 135 


Page 34. Transfer from p. 22: 4. LEIUPERUS. 


Add to the diagnosis of Leiuperus marmoratus: ‘Space between 
the eyes as broad as the diameter of the eyes.” And also add 
a second species— 

2. Leiuperus sagittifer. 
Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 240. 
Space between the eyes very narrow. Above bluish brown with 


lighter markings; an arrow-shaped line from the muzzle to the 
anus (Schmidt).—New Granada. 


The genus ARTHROLEPTIS of Smith (///. S. Afr. Rept. App. 
p. 24) might follow here, but the description there given does not offer 
sufficient characters to distinguish it from Leiwperus. On the other 
hand, the specimen itself upon which the species is founded has 
suffered so much as not to enable me to complete that description. 


1. Arthroleptis wahlbergii. 
Smuth, lc. p. 24. 
a. Bad state. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 35. Pelodytes punctatus. 
d, France. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 36. Discoglossus pictus. 


h’-h'", Adult and half-grown. Sine patria. Presented by Sir 
A. Smith. 


Page 37. 


There was in the Collection of Sir A. Smith a specimen of that 
searce frog named Ceratophryne nasuta by Prof. Schlegel. It is a 
native of Sumatra, and not of Borneo. In all the anatomical characters 
and in general appearance it is so closely allied to Megalophrys 
montana, that it might be placed in the same genus; but there 
not being even a rudiment of a web between the toes, I am obliged 
not only to adopt the genus established by Schlegel, but to place it 
in the family Asterophrydide. 


Fam. 4, ASTEROPHRYDIDZ. 
Synopsis of the Genera. 
1. Ceratophryne. No vomerine teeth. Eyelid and muzzle pro- 
longed into a single cutaneous appendage. 


2. Asterophrys. Vomerine teeth numerous. Each eyelid with 
several cutaneous appendages. 


136 REPTILES. 


1. CERATOPHRYNE. 


Head and body very much depressed ; outer edge of upper eyelid 
and end of the muzzle prolonged into a pointed appendage ; cleft of 
mouth large, extremities moderate; vomerine teeth none; tongue 
circular, free and entire behind ; tympanum small, hidden or indi- 
stinct ; eustachian tubes rather small; fingers and toes completely 
free ; no prominence on the first cuneiform bone. Diapophysis of 
sacral vertebra much dilated. Sumatra. 


Ceratophryne, Schlegel. 


1. Ceratophryne nasuta. 
Ceratophryne nasuta, Schleg. 


Back with some narrow cutaneous folds. Brownish yellow above ; 
throat and belly brown. 


a. Sumatra. Presented by Sir A, Smith. 


Page 38. Alytes obstetricans. 
e. Adult female with eggs. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 38. Scaphiopus solitarius. 
Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 66. pl. 19. f. 47. 


Page 40. Pelobates fuscus. 
g. Adult. France. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 43. PHRYNISCUS. 


Hylemorphus, (Fitz.) Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, 
p. 255. 
Page 43. Phryniscus nigricans. 
e. Adult. South America. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 44. Phryniscus cruciger. 


Phiria (!) pachydermus, Schmidt, Jl. c. p. 256. t. 3. f. 26, is very 
probably a variety of coloration of the above species. Both the 
following species have much less slender fore-extremities than the 
specimen figured by myself; nevertheless they are alike in all 
’ other respects. Phirix pachydermus by no means can be separated 
from Phr. bibronii; and I am the more glad to state this, as the 
name of the new genus would be a nonsense name. 


e, f. Half-grown. Central America. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


APPENDIX. 137 


Page 44. 3a, Phryniscus bibronii. 


Hylemorphus bibronii, Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, 
p- 256. t. 3. f. 25 (not good). 


Upper parts without spines, smooth; snout pointed, much pro- 
truding, obliquely truncated, the prolonged outlines forming an 
acute angle; canthus rostralis not swollen, crown flat; extremities 
still more slender than in Phr. cruciger, the length of the femur and 
tibia together being rather more than the length of the body, while 
the same parts are much shorter in Phr. cruciger. Above olive, 
with broad brown reticulated bands, transverse as well as longi- 
tudinal. Along the side of head and body a broad brown band; 
lower parts whitish. 


a, Adult. Puerto Caballo. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 45. Phryniscus varius. 
Hyleemorphus dumerilii, Schmidt, 1. c. p. 255. t. 3. f. 23, 24. 


Page 46. Pseudophryne bibronii. 
e. Adult. Swan River. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

This specimen has a large and flat lumbar gland, which is much 
less conspicuous in the other specimens. Eustachian tubes and 
tympanum absent. 

Page 47. Hemisus guttatum. 


d. Adult. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

e. Half-grown. Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith as Hngystoma 
vernuculatum. 

f. Adult. Coast of Guinea. Presented by Sir A. Smith as Z. gui- 


neense. 
Page 48. Rhinoderma darwinii. 
Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. Erpetol. p. 122. pl. 7. f. 1. 
g. Fine specimen. 8. America. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 49. Uperodon marmoratum. 


g. Fine specimen. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 50. Diplopelma ornatum. 


e’,e”, Fine specimens. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 53. Breviceps verrucosus. 
ce. Young. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


138 REPTILES. 


Page 53. Chelydobatrachus gouldii. 
c. Half-grown. Swan River. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 54, Add to the Synopsis of the Genera :— 


la. Schismaderma. Crownflat ; skin warty ; paratoids flat, indistinct. 


Page 55.—1 a. SCHISMADERMA. 


Head moderate; muzzle distinct, short; eye moderate; extremi- 
ties rather short ; teeth none in jaws nor in palate. Tongue ellip- 
tical, entire and free behind. Tympanum large, prominent ; eusta- 
chian tubes moderate; paratoids flat, very indistinct; skin warty ; 
fingers free, toes webbed; a blunt tubercle at the base of the first 
toe. Male with a single internal vocal sac. South Africa. 


Schismaderma, Smith, Ill. S. Afr. Rept. App. p. 28. 


1. Schismaderma carens. 


Bufo carens, Smith, lc pl. .f. . 
Bufo vertebralis, Smith, l.c. f. (young). 
Schismaderma lateralis, Smith, 1. ce. App. p. 28. 


Tympanum circular, rather larger than the eye; web between 
the toes extending to near the tip, but deeply notched; a cutaneous 
fold along the inner edge of tarsus. From the back edge of eye 
above the tympanum to the sides of the body a black, above white- 
edged band. 


a—f. Adult. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
g. Young. Presented by Sir A. Smith (Bufo vertebralis). 


The results of my examinations of the same specimens, upon 
which Sir A. Smith has founded Bufo carens and vertebralis, and 
which he has generously presented to the British Museum, together 
with the other valuable Batrachians collected during his sojourn in 
Southern Africa, differ somewhat from those given in his great work. 
First, there are no teeth in the lower jaw; this bone is equally 
covered with the mucosa, and some prominences on it are merely 
deposits of calcareous matter, in consequence of the partial dissolu- 
tion of the inorganic parts of the bones. Secondly, in the present 
state of preservation, nothing of a paratoid is to be seen; but 
at the place where it ought to be found, the skin, after an incision, 
appears much thicker, with an internal stratum of parenchyma; 
and I believe that there has been a paratoid, certainly flat, and not 
prominent. In the same way, I have observed the paratoid to 
become invisible in Pelodryas ceruleus. Finally, all the specimens 
upon which B. vertebralis has been founded are young individuals, 
of the greatest similarity to B. carens. Now, in these also I am 
not able to point out the paratoid; but Sir A. Smith, who has 


APPENDIX. 139 


seen them alive, mentions an indistinct paratoid, which would con- 
firm my opinion, given above. The white spot on the vertebral 
line is not a constant character, being absent in one-half of the 
young specimens. 


£: Page 55. Bufo vulgaris. 
Bufo cinereus, Brandt § Ratzeburg, Medicin. Zool. i. p. 193. t. 23. 
e. Fine specimen. Japan. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 56. Bufo chilensis. 
Gay, Chile, Zool. ii. Erpetol. p. 125. pl. 5. f. 3. 


Page 57. 3a. Bufo simus. 
Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 254. t. 3. f. 22 (hind- 
foot). 


Crown without bony enlargement; paratoids moderate, irregu- 
larly rounded; tarsus without cutaneous fold; a metacarpal rudi- 
ment of the thumb. ‘Toes half-webbed; the third finger longer 
‘than the fourth, the third toe shorter than the fifth. Back with 
larger and shorter flat warts. Tympanum hidden; eustachian 
tubes small. Above grey or brown, beneath with blackish irre- 
gular spots. Chiriqui River. 


Page 58. Bufo viridis. 
Bufo variabilis, Brandt § Ratzeburg, 1. c. p. 197, t. 28. 


Page 59. Bufo pantherinus. 


o'. Adult. Gambia. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
a, B. Adult. Presented by Sir A. Smith as Bufo arabica. 


Page 59. Bufo angusticeps. 


cf. Not good state. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith.—Probably 
identical with B. pantherinus. 


Bufo gariepensis, Sith, Ill. S. Afr. Rept. pl. 69. f. 2, I like- 
wise consider to be young specimens of B. pantherinus. 


a, b. Cape. Presented by Sir A. Smith.—Original specimens, upon 
which the species was founded. 


Page 60. Bufo guineensis. 
d', Adult, Coast of Guinea. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


140 REPTILES. 


Page 60. Bufo tuberosus. 
6. Adult. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 61. Bufo celebensis. — 
c. Adult. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 62. Bufo biporcatus. 
Dumont @ Urville, Voy. au Péle Sud, Rept. et Poiss. p. 28. pl. 1. f. 5, 5 a. 


Page 62. 14a. Bufo kelaartii. (Pare X. fig. A.) 


Crown flat, without bony enlargement; canthus rostralis angular, 
tubercular ; upper eyelid edged with a series of tubercles. Skin 
covered with tubercles. Paratoid very narrow and rather elongate. 
Toes broadly webbed. Tympanum rather indistinct. Above brown, 
a lighter cross-band between the eyes. Belly yellowish, brown- 
spotted. 


a. Half-grown. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
b,c. Young. Ceylon. From Mr. Cuming’s Collection. 
d, Half-grown. Ceylon. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Description — Head triangular, with angular rough canthus ros- 
tralis and moderate muzzle; snout rather pointed in front; crown 
flat, rather broad; extremities moderate. Fingers rather long and 
slender, quite free; carpus with a blunt flat tubercle; toes rather 
short, broadly webbed; metatarsus with two small blunt tubercles ; 
no cutaneous fold along the edge of tarsus. Skin tuberculous, rough ; 
a very narrow paratoid from the tympanum to near half the side of 
the back ; outer edge of upper eyelid rather prominent, with a convex 
series of rough tubercles. Nostrils lateral, but near the end of snout. 
Cleft of mouth moderate. Palate quite smooth, without any bony 
or membranaceous prominences, but with two longitudinal grooves. 
Tongue very narrow, elliptical, free and entire behind; inner nares 
moderate; eustachian tubes small; tympanum rather indistinct. 
Above brown, sometimes the back with lighter, sometimes with 
darker variegations ; a lighter cross-band between the eyes; extre- 
mities with indistinct cross-bands. Belly yellowish, more or less 
distinctly brown-spotted, the spots more crowded towards the 
middle. The largest specimen is the size of a Bombinator rgneus. 


Page 63. Bufo lentiginosus. 


Bufo americanus, Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 67. pl. 19. f. 46 
(young), pl. 20. f. 52. 


Page 64. 15a. Bufo intermedius. (Parte IX. fig. A.) 


A bony ridge above the orbit ; another between the orbit and para- 


APPENDIX. 141 


toid, entirely hidden by the skin, and rectangular to the first. Para- 
toid elliptical, moderate. Tympanum more or less indistinct, of 
moderate size. The first finger longer and thicker than the second ; 
metatarsus without. cutaneous fold, with two tubercles, covered by a 
horny brown membrane; toes half-webbed. Above brownish or 
greenish olive, with many irregular brown spots, sometimes con- 
fluent ; no distinct dorsal streak ; spots between the eyes irregular. 


a-d. Adult. Andes of Ecuador. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 


Description.— This species resembles in many respects Bufo 
lentiginosus ; the bony ridge is rounded and rather low, and com- 
mences from the upper margin of the orbit; it is a little divergent 
from that of the other side, not continued above the paratoid, and 
emits there a lateral branch which is hidden by the skin. The 
tympanum is rather indistinct, and sometimes coloured or spotted. 
Tongue broader than in most of the species of Bufo. The skin is 
covered with small warts, but none of them bear spines. No large 
gland on the leg. The first finger is the thickest, longer than the 
second, but nearly equal in length to the third. The web between 
the toes reaches to the tip, except in the fourth, where the outer 
three phalanges are free; the third rather longer than the second. 
One specimen is entirely similar in coloration to Bufo variabilis, but 
in the others the spots expand more, and occupy nearly each half of the 
back; on the sides and on the legs the spots remain more separate ; 
the spots are also less crowded along the vertebral line, but the 
dorsal streak is always irregular and interrupted; the crown of the 
head is either uniform or with more or less spots, irregularly ar- 
ranged. Belly nearly uniform whitish. Length of the body 3}; 
length of the anterior extremity 2”, of the posterior 4”; breadth of 
the cleft of mouth 14”. 


Page 64. Bufo ornatus. . 

Bufo melanotis, Guichen. Rept.in Casteln. Anim. nouv. ou rares, p. 89. 

I mentioned above, as a character of this species, the tarsus pro- 

vided with a series of small tubercles. I find, by continued exa- 

mination, that the tarsus has a cutaneous fold along the inner edge ; 

but generally it is crenulated, so as to give the appearance of a series 

of tubercles; in a few specimens, as in the following, it is entire ; 

I find this to be the case also in specimens from the Continent of 
Tropical America. 


é-t. Adult and half-grown. Barbadoes. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 65. Bufo agua. 
Guichen, Rept. in Casteln. Anim. nouv. ou rares, p. 88. 
y’. Adult. Trinidad. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


142 REPTILES. 


Page 67.—22 a. Bufo veraguensis. 
Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Berl. 1858, p. 253. t. 2. f. 20, t. 3. f. 21. 


Crown concave, with an obtuse bony enlargement on each side 
round the upper edge of the eye, emitting a process posteriorly ; both 
the processes convergent posteriorly. Paratoids moderate, pro- 
minent, oblong. Tympanum hidden. ‘Toes entirely webbed, but 
the web deeply notched between the toes. Tarsus without cuta- 
neous fold. On each side of the back a series of larger tubercles. 
Above greyish, marbled with blackish brown; beneath yellowish 
grey. Veragua. 


Page 67. Bufo granulosus. 
h, Adult. Dutch Guiana. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 68. Bufo gutturosus. 
h. Adult. St. Domingo. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 69. 25a. Bufo pleuropterus. 
Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 252. t. 2. f. 17-19. 


A low bony enlargement above the eye; muzzle narrow, rather 
pointed, short; a cutaneous fold on each side, attached along the 
femur and extending nearly to the knee. Paratoid very small; 
the margin of the web between the toes serrated. Bolivia (3000 
feet). 


Page 69. Otilophus margaritifer. 


Bufo margaritifer, Gurchen. Rept. in Casteln. Anim. nouv. ou rares, 
p- 90; Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 251. t. 2. 
f. 15, 16 (head not good). 


Page 71. Acris gryllus. 
Hylodes gryllus, Dekay, New York Fauna, Rept. p. 70. pl. 22. f. 61. 


Page 71. Acris pickeringii. 
Hylodes pickeringii, Dekuy, 1. c. p. 69. pl. 20. f. 51. 


Page 72. 1a. Hylarana malabarica. 


Rana malabarica, Dum. § Bibr. pl. 86. f.1, la (toes very bad). (See 
this Catalogue, pp. 11 and 131.) 

Snout moderately elongate and rather pointed; the fourth toe 
two-thirds of the length of body; toes half-webbed; disks small ; 
on each side of back a feeble white cutaneous fold, another white 
streak along the upper lip and the side of the belly; sides of head 
and body blackish, white-spotted behind. 


APPENDIX. 143 


Page 73. Hylarana erythrea. 
jf. Half-grown. East Indies. Purchased. 


Page 73. Hylarana chalconota. 
6, ¢. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming. 


These specimens differ a little from the Javanese one in having 
a whitish streak along the upper lip; but the glandular fold is not 
white, and the muzzle is less pointed, as in HZ. erythrea. 


Page 73. Hylarana albolabris. 


d, e. Large specimens. West Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
f. Adult female. Fernando Po. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 74. Ixalus aurifasciatus. 
Dumont @ Urville, Voy. au Pile Sud, Rept. et Poiss. p. 25. pl. 1. £1, 1 A. 


Page 74. Ixalus variabilis. 
Var. A. 


h', Adult. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming. 
h',h'’. Adult and half-grown. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming. 


Page 77. Polypedates microtympanum. 
L-q. Adult. Ceylon. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Polypedates tephreomystax, Dum. Ann. Sez. Nat. 1854, p. 158, 
appears to be allied to this species. 


Page 78. Polypedates maculatus. 


h'-h'". Adult and half-grown: fine specimens. Ceylon. Purchased 
of Mr. Cuming. 
q'. Half-grown. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming. 


Page 79. Polypedates quadrilineatus. 
w. Adult. India. Presented by Sir A. Smith, 


Page 80. Polypedates eques. 


g, h. Adult. Ceylon. Purchased of Mr. Cuming. 
i, k. Large specimens. Ceylon. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 
1. Large specimen. Ceylon. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


144 REPTILES. 


Page 85. Hyperolius marmoratus. 
Var. A. 
g'. Many specimens. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Var. 5. 
i, k. Adult. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Var. ©. or Hyperolius verrucosus (Sundey.), Smith, Ill. S. Afr. 
Rept. App. p. 26. 


1, Adult. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 86. Hyperolius horstockii. 
e, f. Adult. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 88. Hyperolius modestus. 


Tympanum hidden; head moderate; muzzle truncated in front ; 
fingers one-fourth, toes two-thirds webbed. Above uniform olive 
(in spirits), beneath uniform whitish. 


b. Adult: not good state. Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 88. Hyperolius plicatus. 
b. Adult. Coast of Guinea. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 89. Leptopelis aubryi. 


This species has been described by Smith (71. S. Afr. Rept. App. 
p. 25) under the name of Polypedates natalensis. This denomination 
baie the priority, Leptopelis aubryi should be altered to 


Leptopelis natalensis. 


In several collections this species bears the name of Hucnemis 
bucephalus, which was never published with a proper diagnosis. 
There is generally a brown streak from the muzzle along the canthus 
rostralis through the eye and tympanum to the side of the body. 

All the specimens in the British Museum Collection certainly 
belong to one and the same species, but in two or three of them the 
web between the fingers is indistinct, and that between the toes 
shorter. In all other respects they are so similar to Hylambates 
marmoratus (Dum. Ann. Se. Nat. 1854, p. 162), as to lead me to be- 
lieve that this frog also should be referred to Polypedates natalensis 
of Smith. 


APPENDIX. 145 


d. Adult female. Natal. Presented by Sir A. Smith. (‘lype of 
Polypedates natalensis.) 

e. Young. South Africa. ; 

f. Adult. Coast of Guinea. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

g. Adult. West Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

h, Adult. Africa. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 

7. Adult female. Presented by the College of Surgeons. 

k. Adult female. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Var. Above uniform brownish grey, sides variegated with black ; 
belly whitish. 
1, Adult. Fernando Po. From Mr. Fraser’s Collection. 


Page 91. Hylodes lineatus. 
e'. Half-grown. St. Domingo. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 92. Hylodes martinicensis. 


d—f. Adult and half-grown. St. Domingo. Presented by Sir A. 
Smith. 
Page 93. 6a. Hylodes fitzingeri. 
Schnudt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 248. t. 1. f. 10. 
Habit slender. Back smooth, sides granulated; disks distinct. 
Vomerine teeth in a straight series, interrupted in the middle; a 
rudimentary web between the toes. Above greyish brown, with 


black spots and streaks ; beneath yellowish, with some darker specks. 
Andes of New Granada (4000 feet). 


Page 97. 


A. Duméril describes two other species of Latoria (Ann. Sc. Nat. 
1853, p. 149), but he does not mention whether the first finger is 
opposite to the three others, as in L. freycineti and nasuta. More- 
over the toes are broader-webbed than in those two species. 


3. Litoria punctata. 
Duméril, |. ¢. 

Head rather broad and short; back smooth; on each side with a 
small glandular fold; nostril in the middle between the eye and the 
top of snout; vomerine teeth in two oblique series; toes nearly 
entirely webbed. Shoulders with scattered smaller or larger black 
specks. Sydney. 


4. Litoria marmorata. 
Dumeéril, 1. c. p. 150. 


Head broad and short ; upper parts with scattered warts ; no glan- 
L 


146 REPTILES. 


dular fold; nostril in the middle between the eye and the top of the 
snout; vomerine teeth in two oblique series; toes nearly entirely 
webbed. Back marbled with black. New Holland. 


Page 99. Hyla geographica. 
g. Adult. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 100.—5 a. Hyla pugnax. 
Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 243. t. 1. f. 5, 6. 


Fore-foot with a very distinct and partly free and moveable rudi- 
ment of a thumb; fingers webbed between the first phalanges; 
back smooth, no fold across the chest ; head broad, short, depressed ; 
loreal region grooved. Above greyish, finely marbled with brown- 
ish; sides of the body and of the thighs with irregular brownish 
cross-streaks. Chiriqui River. 


Page 101. Hyla multifasciata. 


This is only a yariety of H. boans with very pronounced cross- 
bands. 


Page 102. Hyla boans. (Puarer VIII. fig. D.) 
6. Adult. Brazil. Purchased of M. Parzudaki. Cross-bands very 
indistinct. 
c. Large specimen. Pernambuco. Presented by Sir A. Smith. No 
cross-bands. 


Page 106. Hyla baudinii. 


e’. Adult. Mexico. Purchased of M. Parzudaki. 
l’. Very large specimen. Pernambuco. Presented by Sir A. Smith. 


Page 106.—24a. Hyla splendens. 
Schmidt, Denkschr. Acad. Wiss. Wien, 1858, p. 244. t. 1. f. 7. 


Vomerine tecth between the inner nostrils; a rudimentary web 
between the two outer fingers; toes two-thirds webbed; no rudi- 
mentary thumb. The first cuneiform bone prominent. Above 
covered with small flat tubercles; a fold across the chest. Yellow- 
ish-greenish, shining; sides of the upper legs, hinder part of the 
upper arm, and upper part of the foot marbled with black. Central 
America. 


Page 109. Hyla euphorbiacea. 
b’. Adult male. Cordilleras. Purchased of M. Parzudaki. 


APPENDIX. 147 


Page 110. 30a. Hyla molitor. 
Schmidt, l. c. p. 245, t. 1. £. 8, 9. . 


Vomerine teeth between the nostrils ; fingers slightly, toes entirely 
webbed. Upper parts quite smooth; no fold across the chest. 
Above uniform greyish blue; canthus rostralis with a narrow finely 
punctate streak ; sometimes some blackish variegations on the sides 
and on the upper legs. Central America. 


Schmidt mentions (p. 246) a variety of this species, marbled with 
blaek on the back. 
Page 111. Hyla ewingii. 
u, Adult. Australia. Purchased of M. Parzudaki as Hyla lesuewria. 


” 
if adieu oat 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


acephalus, 53. 
achatina, 121. 
Acris, 70, 71, 91, 97. 
acutirostris, 59. 
adelaidensis, 113. 
adspersa, 7. 

affinis, 97. 

afghana, 81. 
africana, 26. 
Aglossa, 1. 

agrestis, 105. 

agua, 65, 141. 
albifrons, 45. 
albolabris, 73. 
albomarginata, 98. 
albonotatus, 91. 
albopunctatus, 39. 
alliaca, 40. 

alpina (Rana), 12. 
alpinus (Bufo), 55. 
Alsodes, 40, 42. 

» Alytes, 34, 35, 57. 
Alytidee, 37. 
americana (Pipa), 3. 
americanus (Bufo), 65, 140. 
americanus (Pyxicephalus), 24. 
angusticeps, 59. 
anomalus, 57. 
appendiculatus, 79. 
arabicus, 59. 
arborea, 107, 

argus, 87. 
argyreivittis, 30. 
Arthroleptis, 135, 
arvalis, 16, 

asper, 62. 
Asterodactylus, 2. 


Asterophrydide, 37, 135, 
Asterophrys, 37. 
Atelopus, 45, 47, 48. 
aubryi, 89, 144. 

Auletris, 98. 

aurantiaca, 106, 

aurea, 114. 

aurifasciatus, 74, 143. 
australis (Chiroleptes), 34. 
australis (Phryniscus), 46. 
australis (Pseudophryne), 46. - 
austrasiz, 119, 


baleata, 122. 

Batrachyla, 93. 

baudinii, 105. 

bengalensis (Bufo), 61. 
bengalensis (Dactylethra), 11. 
bibronii (Borboroceetes), 31. 
bibronii (Cystignathus), 31. 
bibronii Se ane 137. 
bibronii (Pleurodema), 31, 134, 
bibronii (Pseudophryne), 46, 137. 
bibronii (Rana), 18.” 

bicolor (Eucnemis), 89, 

bicolor (Oxyrhynchus), 51. 
bicolor (Phyllobates), 90. 
bicolor (Phyllomedusa), 120. 
bifasciatus, 124, : 
bilineata, 105. 

bioculata, 113. 

biporcatus, 62, 140. 

bivittatus (Hyledactylus), 123. 
bivittatus (Hyperolius), 87. 
boans SET 104. 

boans (Hyla), 102. 

boiei (Ceratophrys), 25. 


150 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


boiei (Xenopus), 2. 
bombina, 41. 
Bombinator, 38, 40, 41, 122. 
Bombinatoride, 40. 
Bombinatorina, 40, 
Boophis, 82. 
Borboroccetes, 30. 
Brachycephalidee, 45. 
Brachycephalina, 42. 
Brachycephalus, 45, 46. 
Brachymeridee, 124. - 
Brachymerus, 124. 
brama, 10. 

Breviceps, 51, 52, 53. 
breviceps, 53. 

brevipes, 41. 

brunnea, 117. 
bucephalus, 144. 

bufina, 58. 

Bufo, 1, 54, 55. 

bufo, 55. 

bufonia (Hyla), 104. 
bufonia (Pipa), 2. 
bufonia (Rana), 51. 
Bufonidee, 54. 

Bufonina, 47. 
bufonium (Pleurodema), 31. 
biirgeri, 80. 

Biirgeria, 77. 


cachinnans, 12. 
Calamita, 98. 

calamita, 57. 
Calamites, 98. 
calcarata (Rana), 12. 
caliginosus, 28. 
Calyptocephalus, 4, 21. 
campanisona, 38. 
cancrivora, 10. 
capensis (Dactylethra), 2. 
capistrata, 106. 

carens, 158. 

carinatus, 61. 


carolinense (Engystoma), 51. 


carolinensis (Hyla), 105. 
castanea, 91. 

catesbiana, 15. 

celebensis, 60. 
Centrotelma, 98. 
Ceratophryne, 34, 37, 136. 
Ceratophrys, 5, 24, 36, 37. 
chalconota, 75. 

Chaunus, 45. 
Chelydobatrachus, 51, 53. 
chilensis, 56, 159. 
Chiroleptes, 34. 
Chiromantis, 70, 84. 


Chlorophilus, 97. 
cinctus, 64. 

cinereus (Bufo), 55, 139. 
cinereus (Calamita), 105. 
citropus, 115. 

clamata, 14, 181. ~ 
clamitans, 14. 

clypeata, 24. 

coeruleus, 119. 
communis (Bufo), 38. 
conspicillatus, 92. ~ 


_ coriacea, 27. 


Cornufer, 70, 84. 

cornuta (Ceratophrys), 24. 
cornutus (Bufo), 25. 
cornutus (Stombus), 25. 
corticalis, 105. 

crepitans, 99. 

Crinia, 27. 

Crossodactylus, 90. 
cruciatus, 57. 

cruciger (Phryniscus), 41, 136. 
cruciger (Polypedates), 78. 
cruentatus, 62. 

Cultripes, 40. 

cultripes, 41. 

curucury, 5. 

cutipora, 11. 

cyanea, 119. 
Cyclorhamphus, 4, 21, 22. 
cynocephala, 105. 
Cystignathide, 26. 
Cystignathus, 26, 31, 32, 91, 97. 


Dactylethra, 1. 
Dactylethride, 1. 

darwinii (Pleurodema), 31. 
darwinii (Rhinoderma), 48, 137. 
daudini (Ceratophrys), 25. 
daudini (Rana), 35. 
delalandii ae 19, 20. 
delalandii (Tomopterna), 19. 
Dendrobates, 124. 
Dendrohyas, 98, 117. 
Diplopelma, 47, 50. 
Diplosiphona, 3. 
Discoglosside, 34. 
Discoglossus, 33, 34, 35. 
dominicensis, 118. 
d’orbignyi, 67. 

dorsalis (Bufo), 64. 

dorsalis (Cornufer), 84. 
dorsalis (Eucnemis), 86. 
dorsalis Crate Sd 35. 
dorsalis (Rana), 71. 

dorsalis (Rhinophrynus), 127. 
dorsata (Ceratophrys), 24. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Lol! 


dorsatum (Engystoma), 53. 
dorsigera, 3. 

doumercii, 101. 

dumerilii, 137. 


elegans (Hyla), 112. 
elegans (Pleurodema), 31. 
Elosia, 70, 84. 
Engystoma, 46, 48, 50, 51, 52. 
Engystomatide, 51. 
Ephippifer, 46. 
ephippium, 46. 

eques, 80. 

erythrea, 73. 

esculenta, 12. 

Eucnemis, 85. 
euphorbiacea, 109. 
.ewingii, 111. 

eyrel, 39. 


faber, 100. 

fasciata (Hyla), 100. 
fasciata (Rana), 20. 
femoralis, 111. 

fitzingeri, 145. 

flavescens (Atelopus), 48. 
flavoviridis (Hyperolius), 87. 
flavoviridis (Rana), 14. 
fontinalis, 14, 151. 
formosus, 43. 
foetidissima, 57. 
fornasinii, 87. 

freycineti, 97. 

frontalis, 112. 
fuliginosus, 22. 

fusca (Hyla), 107. 

fusca (Rana), 91. 
fuscigula, 18. 

fuscus (Cystignathus), 28. 
fuscus (Limnocharis), 28. 
fuscus (Pelobates), 40. 


galamensis, 19. 
gargarizans, 56. 
gariepensis, 159. 
Gastrotheca, 115. 
gaudichaudii, 90. 

gayi, 21, 183. 
geographica (Hyla), 99. 


geooraphicus(Trachycephalus), 118. 


gibbosus, 53. 

gigas, 27. 

glandulosa, 96. 

gouldii, 53. 

goudotii, 82. 

gracilis (Cystignathus), 28. 
gracilis (Rana), 20. 


granosa (Ceratophrys), 25. 
granosum (Engystoma), 53. 
granulosus, 66, 67. 

grayi (Borboroccetes), 30. 
erayi (Rana), 18, 

gregaria, 28. 

grunniens, 10. 

eryllus, 71, 142. 
ouineensis, 59, 

guttatum (ee) 47. 
guttatus (Ixalus), 76, 
euttulatus, 86. 

gutturosus, 67. 


halecina, 15, 151. 
Haplosiphona, 1. 
hasseltii, 36. 
Heleioporus, 37, 38. 
Hemiphractus, 24. 
Hemisus, 45, 47.° 
Heteroglossa, 5, 26. 
hexadactyla, 11. 
hispanica, 12. 
horiconensis, 131. 
horridus, 65. 
horstockii, 85. 
humeralis, 65. 
Hyas, 98. 
hydromedusa, 10. 
Hyla, 72, 74, 77, 82, 84, 89, 96, 98, 
115. 
Hyleedactylide, 122. 
Hyledactylus, 122. 
Hylemorphus, 43, 137. 
Hylaplesia, 121, 124. 
Hylaplesidee, 124. 
Hylaplesina, 122. 
Hylarana, 70, 71. 
Hylide, 96. 
Hylina, 70. 
Hylodes, 71, 90, 91, 93. 
Hylodide, 90. 
Hylomedusa, 98. 
Hylorhina, 5, 23. 
Hyperolius, 70, 85. 
hypochondrialis, 120. 
Hypsiboas, 82, 98, 117. 


ictericus, 65. 
igneus, 41. 
infulata, 98. 
intermedius, 140. 
isos, 62, 

Ixalus, 70, 74. 


jacksoniensis, 114. 
jervisiensis, 113. 


VSP ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


junghuhnii, 82. 


Kalophrynus, 54. 
Kaloula, 122. 
kelaartii, 140. 
kuhlii (Rana), 8. 


labyrinthicum, 31, 134. 
lactea, 106. 

langsdorfii, 98. 

lateralis (Hyla), 105. 
lateralis (Hylaplesia), 126. 
lateralis (Schismaderma), 138. 
lateristriga, 112. 
laticeps, 92. 

levis (Dactylethra), 2. 
levis (Oxyglossus), 7. 
levis (Phryniscus), 45. 
lazarus, 65. 

lecontii, 15, 

Leiuperus, 4, 22, 135. 
lentiginosus, 63, 140. 
leprieurii, 101. 
Leptobrachium, 34, 36. 
Leptodactylus, 28. 
Leptopelis, 71, 89. 
Leptopus, 1, 2. 
leptopus, 95. 
leschenaultii (Bufo), 64. 
leschenaultii (Rana), 11. 
leschenaultii (Systoma), 49. 
leucomelas, 110. 
leucomystax, 78. 
leucophyllata, 112. 
leucorhinus, 75. 
levaillantii, 102. 
lichenatus, 118. 
lichenosa, 102. 

lima, 6. 

Limnocharis, 4, 23. 
Limnodynastes, 26, 32. 
Limnodyies, 72. 
lineatus, 91. 

Litoria, 93, 96. 
Lophopus, 98. 

lugubris, 125. 

luteola (Hyla), 107. 
luteolus (Hylodes), 93. 


macrodactyla, 72. 

macrodon, 8. 

maculatus, 78. 

maculiventris, 65. 
madagascariensis (Hylarana), 73. 


madagascariensis (Hyperolius), 88. 


malabarica, 11, 142. 
margaritifer, 69, 142. 


marginatus, 87. 

marina, 65. 

maritima, 12. 

marmorata (Bombinator), 40. 

marmorata (Hyla), 104. 

marmorata (Litoria), 145. 

marmorata (Tomopterna), 7. 

marmorata (Uperoleia), 39. 

marmoratum (Engystoma), 46. 

marmoratum (Uperodon), 49. 

marmoratus (Cyclorhamphus), 21, 
133. 

marmoratus (Hylambates), 144. 

marmoratus (Hyperolius), 85. 

marmoratus (Leiuperus), 22. 

marmoratus (Trachycephalus), 117. 

marsupiatum, 116. 

martinicensis, 92. 

mascareniensis, 18. 

maxima (Hyla), 99. 

maximus ({thacophorus), 83. 

Megalophrys, 34, 36. 

megastoma, 25. 

melanorrhinus, 91. 

melanostictus, 61. 

melanotis, 64, 141. 

mephitica, 57. 

meriana (Rana), 104. 

merianze (Pseudis), 5. 

Micrhyla, 121. 

Micrhylidee, 121. 

Micrhylina, 121. 

Microhyla, 121. 

Microps, 51. 

microps (Engystoma), 52. 

microps (Stenocephalus), 51. 

microtympanum, 77. 

minor, 41. 

minuta, 6. 

modestus, 88, 144. 

molitor, 147. 

montana, 36. 

monticola, 42. 

mugiens, 15, 27, 182. 

miulleri (Dactylethra), 2. 

multifasciata, 101, 146. 

musicus, 63. 

muta, 16. 

Myobatrachus, 3. 

mystacea, 27. 


naricus, 69. 

nasus, 84. 

nasuta (Ceratophryne), 136. 
nasuta (Elosia), 84. 

nasuta (Pelodytes), 97. 
nasutus (Bufo), 69, 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 153 


natalensis (Leptopelis), 144. 
natalensis la ati 135. 
natalensis (Tomopterna), 129. 
natator, 75. 

nebilifer, 66. 

nebulosa, 107. 

nigricans, 43, 

nigrita, 97. 

nigromaculatus, 118. 

nodosus, 29, 134. 
Notodelphys, 96, 117. 
Nototrema, 96, 115. 


obscurus, 126. 

obstetricans, 38. 

occipitalis, 130. 

ocellatus (Bufo), 64. 

~ ocellatus (Cystignathus), 27. 
ocellatus (Hyperolius), 88. 
olfersii, 45. 

olivaceum, 51. 
Opisthodelphys, 117. 
Opisthoglossa, 4. 

Orchestes, 74. 

ornata (Ceratophrys), 25. 
ornatum (Diplopelma), 50. 
ornatus (Bufo), 64, 141. 
ornatus (Cystignathus), 28. 
ornatus (Limnodynastes), 33. 
Otilophus, 54, 69. 

ovale, 51. 

ovifera, 117. 

oxydactylus, 2. 

Oxyglossus, 4, 6. 

oxyrhinus (Rana), 16. 
Oxyrhynchus, 51. 
oxyrhynchus (Rana), 19. 
oxyrhynchus (Bufo), 69. 
oxyrhynchus (Hylodes), 92. - 


pachydermus, 136. 
pachypus (Bombinator), 41. 
pachypus (Cystignathus), 27. 
palmarum, 55. 
palmata, 99. 
palmipes, 12. 
palustris, 18, 14, 181. 
pantherinus, 59, 159. 
paradoxa (Pseudis), 5. 
paradoxus (Myobatrachus), 3. 
parallelus, 86. 
pardalis (Hyla), 99. 
pardalis (Rana), 131. 
ardalis (Rhacophorus), 83. 
elobates, 40. 
Pelodytes, 34, 35, 96, 97. 
Pelodryadide, 119. 


Pelodryas, 119. 
Peltocephalus, 21. 
peltocephalus, 67. 
pennsilvanica, 17, 
entadactyla, 27. 
Perialia, 32, 39. 
perlata, 69. 
peronii (Cystignathus), 134, 
peronii (Hyla), 113. 
eruvianus, 42, 
hirix, 156. 
Phrynidium, 43. 
Phryniscidee, 42, 
Phryniscus, 43, 45. 
Phrynoceros, 24, 
Phyllobates, 90. 
Phyllodytes, 98. 
Phyllomedusa, 120. 
Phyllomeduside, 120. 
pickeringii, 71, 142, 
picta (Hylaplesia), 125. 
picta (Kaloula), 123, 
picta (Rana), 10. 
pies (Discoglossus), 35. 
ipa, 1, 2. 
Pipidee, 2. 
ee 15, 15, 132. 
ithecopsis, 4, 22. 
Platydactyla, 70, 
Platymantis, 90, 93. 
platyrhinus, 16. 
Plectropus, 122. 
Pleurodema, 26, 31. 
pleuropterus, 142. 
pleurostigma, 54. 
plicata (Rana), 35. 
plicatus (Hyperolius), 88. 
plicifera, 95. 
peecilopleurus, 75. 
Polypedates, 70, 72, 77. 
Polypedatidee, 70. 
portentosa, 57. 
prasina, 105. 
proboscideus, 69. 
Proteroglossa, 127. 
Proteus, 5. 
provincialis, 41. 
Pseudacris, 96, 97. 
Pseudis, 4, 5, 35. 
Pseudophryne, 45. 
pugnax, 146. 
pulchra, 123, 
pumila, 106. 
pumilio, 126. 
punctata (Hyla), 89, 101. 
punctata (Litoria), 145. 
punctatus (Pelodytes), 35, 


154 ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


pygmea, 27. 
Pyxicephalus, 5, 7, 24. 


quadrilineatus, 79. 
quoyi, 21. 


Rana, 4, 8. 

Ranide, 4. 

Ranina, 4. 

raninus, 5. 

Ranoidea, 98. 
reinwardtil, 82, 85. 
Rhacophorus, 70, 82. 
Rhinoderma, 47. 
Rhinophrynide, 127. 
Rhinophrynina, 127. 
Rhinophrynus, 127. 
rhodopepla, 112. 
ricordii, 92. 
ridibunda, 12. 
roseus, 154, 

rubella (Hyla), 111. 
rubella (Rana), 27. 
rubeta, 55, 57. 

rubra (Dendrohyas), 106. 
rubra (Hyla), 110. 
rugiceps, 25. 

rugosa (Rana), 11. 
rugosum. Crate pean 52. 
rugosus (Polypedates 


sagittifer, 135. 
salarius, 22. 

sardoa, 35. 

sardus, 35. 

scaber, 61, 65. 
Scaphiopus, 37, 38. 
Schismaderma, 138. 
schlegelii, 81, 109. 
schneideri, 91. 
schomburekii, 29. 
Scinax, 98. 

scotica, 16. 

scutata, 26. 
senegalensis, 50. 
septentrionalis, 117. 
seychellensis, 89. 
sibilatrix, 27. 
silvatica (Hylorhina), 23. 
silvatica (Rana), 17, 152. 
simus, 139. 
Siphneus, 50. 
sitibunda, 58. 
solitarius, 38, 136. 
speciosa, 126. 
Spheenorhynchus, 98. 
spinulosus, 56. 


, 78, 79. 


spixii, 46, 
splendens, 146. 
squirella, 111. 
stellatus, 65. 
Stenocephalus, 51. 
Stenorhynchus, 183. 
sternosignatus, 68. 
Stombus, 24. 
Strongylopus, 8. 
strumosus, 67. 
subsaltans, 10. 
subsigillata, 7. 
subversicolor, 80. 
superciliaris, 17, 152. 
surinamensis, 51. 
Systoma, 48, 52. 


teeniatus (Cystignathus), 29. 
teeniatus (Hyperolius), 87. 
tasmaniensis, 33. 

tedo, 3. 

Telmatobius, 40, 42. 
temporaria, 16. 
tephreeomystax, 143. 
terrestris, 63. 

tettensis, 87. 

thaul, 56. 

tibiatrix, 104. 

tigrina, 9, 12. 

tinctoria, 124. 
Tomopterna, 4, 7. 
Trachycephalus, 96, 117. 
Trigonophrys, 25, 
trivittatus, 124. 
tuberosus, 60. 

turpicola, 37. 

typhonia (Rana), 28. 
typhonius (Bufo), 69. 


unicolor (Cornufer), 84. 
unicolor (Microps), 51. 
Uperodon, 25, 47, 48. 
Uperoleia, 39. 
Uperoliide, 39. 


varia (Ceratophrys), 24. 
variabilis (Bufo), 58, 189. 
variabilis (Ixalus), 74. 
variolosa, 101. 

varius (Atelopus), 45. 
varius (Phryniscus), 45, 137. 
vauterii, 106. 

venulosa, 104, 

veraguensis, 142. 
verreauxii, 115. 

verrucosa (Hyla), 105. 
verrucosus (Breviceps), 52.” 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 155 


verrucosus (Hyperolius), 144. Wagleria, 32. 
versicolor, 103. wahlbergii, 135. 
vertebralis, 138. 
virginica, 28. Xenopus, 1, 
viridiflavus, 85. X-signata, 110. 
viridis (Bufo), 57, 58, 139. xerampelina, 85. 
viridis (Hyla), 81, 105, 107. xerophylla, 100. 
viridis (Rana), 12. 
vitianus, 93. zebra (Hyla), 110. 
vittigera, 9. zebra (Rana), 100, 104. 
vulgaris (Bufo), 55, 189. zonalis, 104. 

THE END. 


PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, 
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, 


ERRATA. 


Page 7, line 13, read toes with half or short web instead of toes half- 


webbed. 
7, » 27, ,, App. p. 23, instead of pl. 23. 

11, ,, 28, a. Adult. ——? is to be erased. 
» 12, ,, 2, read twice as long instead of half as long. 
» 22, ,, 8 from bottom: 2. is to be erased. 
» 68, ,, 15, read fig. C,C, C'C', instead of fig. C. 
» 71, ,, 2, ,, toes half-webbed or less for broadly webbed. 
5 77, 5, 381, ,, third znstead of fourth. 
» 80, ,, 9, ,, heel zzstead of keel. 
» 80, ,, 22, after warts add heel with a cutaneous spur. 


», 89, ,, 24, read toes half-webbed or less for broadly webbed. 
, 92, ,, 14 from bottom: read Ann. Se. Nat. 1854 for Catal. 


LIST OF PLATES. 


Prater I. 


Fig. A. Oxyglossus levis, Gthr., p. 7. 


Fig. a, a. ——, mouth and foot. 
Fig. B. Rana superciliaris, Gthr., p. 17. 


Fig. 6, 6. —— ——, mouth. 


Prats IT. 


Fig. A. Tomopterna delalandii, Bibr., p. 133. 
Fig. a. 


——, mouth. 

Fig. B. Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, Gthr., p. 83. 
Fig. 6. —— ——, mouth. 

Fig. C. Hylarana macrodactyla, Gthr., p. 72. 

Fig. c. 


, mouth. 


Prats III. 


Fig. A. Phryniscus levis, Gthr., p. 48. 

Fig. B, Phryniscus cruciger, Mart., p. 44. 

Fig. 6, b. —— ——, lateral view of the head and mouth. 
Fig. C. Bufo tuberosus, Gthr., p. 60. 


158 


Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


LIST OF PLATES, 


Prate IV. 
A. Ixalus variabilis, Gthr., p. 74. Uniformly coloured 
variety. 
a, a. ——,, foot and mouth. 
B. Spotted variety of the same species. 
C. Ixalus natator, Gthr., p. 75. Spotted variety. 
CC. , foot and mouth. 
D. Ixalus guttatus, Gthr., p. 76. 


Prats VY. 
A. Bufo granulosus, Spix, p. 67. 
B. Bufo gutturosus, Latr., p. 67. 
C, C. Bufo sternosignatus, Gthr., p.68. Adult: view from 
above and from beneath. 
C’, C’. View from above and beneath, from a half-grown 


specimen of the same species. 


Prats VI. 


. A. Polypedates microtympanum, Gthr., p. 77. 

. B. Polypedates eques, Gthr., p. 80. 

g. C. Mouth of Polypedates schlegelii, Gthr., p. 81. 
. D, Rhacophorus pardalis, Gthr., p. 83. 


x, d. ——- ——, mouth. 


Prats VII. 


. A. Hyperolius guttulatus, Gthr., p. 86. 


a, —— , fore-foot. 
B. Hyperolius ocellatus, Gthr., p. 88. 
C. Hyperolius plicatus, Gthr., p. 88. 


c. ———, mouth. 


5° 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 
Fig. 


Fig. 


Fig. 


LIST OF PLATES. 159 


D. Hyla fasciata, Gthr., p. 100. 
.d. ————, mouth. 
. E. Hyla rhodopepla, Gthr., p. 112. 


Pruate VIII. 


A. Hyperolius parallelus, Gthr., p. 86. 


a. ————, mouth. 

B. Platymantis plicifera, Gthr., p. 95. 
.b, —— —,, mouth and foot. 

C. Hyla lichenosa, Gthr., p. 102. 

c. — , mouth. 

D. Hyla boans, Daud., p. 146. 

a. ——=—, mouth. 

Prater TX. 


A. Bufo intermedius, Gthr., p. 140. 

B. Pelodryas coeruleus, White, p. 119. 

6. Fore-foot of specimen m. of the same species. 
C. Hyla arborea, var. chinensis, p. 108. 


c. Fore-foot of the same variety. 


Prats X. 


A. Bufo kelaartii, Gthr., p. 140. 

B. Nototrema marsupiatum, Dum. § Bibr. Female of the 
spotted variety with the first beginning of the develop- 
ment of the dorsal pouch. 

B’. The same: female of the uniform variety with the 
pouch half-developed. 

B’. The same: female with the pouch filled with eggs. 
The pouch is half-opened to show the eggs and the mem= 


brane of the sac. Uniformly coloured. 


160 


LIST OF PLATES, 


Fig. C. Hyla euphorbiacea, male, Gthr., p. 109. 


. fore-foot. 


, 


Fig. e. 


Prats XI, 


Rana occipitalis, Gthr., p. 180, with the view of the mouth, fore- 
and hind-foot. 


- 


. 


Prare XII. 
Rhinophrynus dorsalis, Dum. § Bibr., p. 127, with a front view 


of the muzzle and a vertical cut through the head, to 


show the shape of the tongue. * 


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CHFord. 


CATALOGUES 


OF 


THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTION 


IN 


THE BRITISH MUSEUM. 


I. VERTEBRATA. 


List of Mammalia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., F.L.S. &e. 1843, 
Qs. 6d. 


Catalogue of the Mammalia. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &e. 
Part 1. Cetacea. 12mo,1850. 4s., with Plates. 
Part 2. Seals. 12mo0, 1850. 1s. 6d., with Woodcuts. 
Part 3. Hoofed Quadrupeds. Section I. (Ungulata furci- 
peda). 12mo. 1852, with Plates of Genera, 12s. 
This work contains the description of the genera and species, 
and figures of the chief characters of the genera. 


List of Mammalia and Birds of Nepaul, presented by B. H. 
Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray 
and G. R. Gray. 12mo. 1846. Qs. 


List of Genera of Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. 12mo, 1855. 4s. 


List of Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S. &e. 
Part 1. Raptorial. Edition 1, 1844; edition 2, 1848. 3s. 
Part 2. Passeres. Section I. Fissirostres. 1848. 2s. 
Part 3. Gallinee, Gralle and Anseres. 1844. 2s. (Out of 
Print.) 
Part 3. Section J. Ramphastide. 1855. 6d. 
Part 4. Columbe. 1856. Is. 9d. 


List of British Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. &c. 12mo. 1850. 4s. 


List of the Eggs of British Birds. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. &c, 
12mo, -1852. 2s. Gd, 


Catalogue of Shield Reptiles. - By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &e. 
Part 1. Testudimata. 4to. 1855. £1:10s. With figures 
of all the new species, and of the skulls of the 
different genera. 
Catalogue of Reptiles. By Dr. J. KE. Gray, F.R.S., V.P.Z.S. &c. 
Part 1. Tortoises, Crocodiles and Amphisbenians. 1844. 1s, 
Part 2. Lizards. 1845. 3s. 6d. 


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2 


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Part 2. Batrachia Gradientia. 12mo, 1850. 2s. 6d. With 
Plates of the Skulls and Teeth. 


Catalogue of:Fish. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S.,F.L.S.,V.P.Z.S. 
Part 1. Cartilaginous Fish. 12mo, 1851. 3s. With two 
Plates. 


These Catalogues of Reptiles, Amphibia, and Fish, contam 
the characters of all the genera and species at present known; 
the latter are illustrated with figures of the genera. 


Catalogue of Fish, collected and described by L. T. GRonow. 
12mo. 1854. 3s. 6d. 


Catalogue of Lophobranchiate Fish. By Dr.J.J.Kaup. 12mo. 
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Catalogue of Fish. By Dr.J.J.Kaup. 8vo. With many Plates, 
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List of British Fish ; with Synonyma. By A. Wuire, F.L.S. &c. 
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List of Osteological Specimens. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &c. 
and G. R. Gray, F.L.8. 12mo. 1847. 2s. 


Il. ANNULOSA. 


Catalogue of Lepidoptera. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S., F.ZS. 
Part 1. Papilionidee, with coloured figures of the new spe- 
cies. 4to. 1852. #1: 5s. 


List of Lepidopterous Insects. 
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Gray, F.L.S. 
Part 2. Erycinide, &c. 12mo. 1847. 9d. By E. DouBLE- 
DAY, F.L.S. 
Part 3. Appendix to Papilionide, Erycinide, &e. 1848. 9d. 


List of Lepidopterous Insects, with descriptions of new species. 
By Francis Waker, F.L.S. 
Part 1. Lepidoptera Heterocera. 12mo. 1854. 4s. 


Part 2. 1854. 4s. 6d. Part 7. 1856. 4s. 6d. 
Part 3. 1855. 3s. Part 8. 1856. 3s. 6d. 
Part 4. 1855. 3s. Part 9. 1856. 4s. 

Part 5. 1855. 4s Part 10. 1857. 3s. 6d. 


Pato 18064860 Part 11. 1857. 3s. 6d. 


3 


List of British Lepidoptera; with Synonyma. By J. F. Srr- 
PHENS, F.L.S., and H. T. Stainton, M.E.S. 
Part 1. 12mo. Ed. 2. 1856. 2s. Part 3. 1853. 9d. 
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List of Hymenopterous Insects. By F. Wauxnr, F.L.S. 
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Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects. By F. Smiru, M.E.S. 
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Part 3. Mutillide and Pompilide. 1855.  6s., with Plates. 
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Catalogue of British Hymenoptera. By F. Smiru, M.E.S. 
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Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. By 'THoMAs DESvIGNEs, 
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List of British Aculeate Hymenoptera ; with Synonyma, and the 
description of some new species. By F. Smiru. 1851. 2s, 


Catalogue of Dipterous Insects. By F. Wavxer, F.L.S. 
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Catalogue of Homopterous Insects. By F. Waukerr, F.L.S. 
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The Catalogues of Hymenopterous, Dipterous, Homopterous 
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Catalogue of British Bruchide, Curculionide, &e. By Joun 
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Catalogue of Cassidide. By Professor Boneman. 12mo. 
1856. 3s. 


4 


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species). 
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F.L.S. &e. 
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F.L.S. 
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Part 4. Cleride. 1849. 1s. 8d. By A. Wurrs, F.L.S. 
Part 5. Cucujide. 1851. 6d. By F. Smiru, M.E.S. 
Part 6. Passalide. 1852. 8d. By F. Smiru, M.E.S. 
Part 7. Longicornia. By A.  Wuire, F.L.S. With Plates. 
Part 1, 1853. 2s.6d. Part 2. 1855. 3s. 6d. 
List of Myriapoda. By G. Newport, F’.R.S. &e. 12mo. 1844. 4d. 


Catalogue of Myriapoda. By G. Newport, F.R.S. &e. 
Part 1. Chilopoda. 12mo. 1856. 1s. 9d. 

List of British Anoplura, or Parasitic Insects; with Sy nonyma. 
By H. Denny. 12mo. Is. 

List of Crustacea; with Synonyma. By A. WurTe. 1847. 2s. 

List of British Crustacea; with Synonyma. By A. Wurtre, F.L.S, 
12mo. 1850. 2s. 6d. 

Catalogue of Entozoa; with Plates. By W. Barrp, M.D., F.L.S. 
12mo. 1853. 2s. 


Catalogue of British Worms. By G. Jounsron, M.D.  8vo. 
1856. 10s. With Plates. 


lil. MOLLUSCA. 


Guide to the Collection of Mollusca. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S, 
&e. S8vo. Part]. 1856. 5s. 

Catalogue of the Mollusca. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &e. 
Part 1. Cephalopoda Antepedia. 1l2mo. 1849. 4s. 

Part 2. Pteropoda. 1859. Is. 

Catalogue of Bivalve Mollusca. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. &e. 
Part 1. Placuniade and Anomiadee. 12mo. 1850. 4d. 
Part 2. BrachiopodaAncylopoda. 1853. 4s. Figuresof genera. 

Containing the characters of the recent and fossil genera, and 
the descriptions of all the recent species at present known. 


Catalogue of Phaneropneumona or Operculated Terrestrial Mol- 
lusea. By Dr. Louts Preirrerand Dr. J. E.Gray. 1852. 5s. 
Catalogue of Conchifera. By M. DesHaves. 
Part 1. Veneride, &e. 12mo.- 1853. 3s. Part 2. Petri- 
colide. 6d. 


~ 


9) 


List of British Mollusca and Shells; with Synonyma. By 
Dr. J. E. Gray, F.RS. 
Part 1. Acephala and Brachiopoda. 12mo. 1851. 3s. 6d. 


Catalogue of Pulmonata. By Dr. Louts Preirrer and Dr. 
J. E. Gray, F.R.S. 
Part 1. 12mo. 1855. 2s. 6d. 


List of the Shells of the Canaries, described by M. D’Orsicny. 
12mo. 1854. Is. 


List of the Shells of Cuba, described by M. D’Orsieny. 12mo. 
1854, ls. 


List of the Shells of South America, described by M. D’Or- 
BIGNY. 12mo. 1854. 2s. 


List of the Mollusca and Shells collected and described by 
MM. Eypovux and SoutryvetT. 12mo. 1855. 8d. 


Nomenclature of Mollusca. By Dr. W. Barro, F.L.S. &e. 
Part 1. Cyclophoride. l2mo. 1851. 1s. 6d. 


IV. RADIATA. 


Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa. By G. Busx, F.R.S. 
Part 1. Chilostoma. 1l2mo. 1852. 17s. With Plates. 
Part 2. Chilostoma. 12mo. 1854. 15s. With Plates. 


List of British Radiata; with Synonyma. By Dr. J. E. Gray, 
F.R.S. 12mo. 1848. 4s. 


List of British Sponges; with Synonyma. By Dr. J. E. Gray, 
F.R.S. 12mo. 1848. 10d, 


Catalogue of the Recent Echinida. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. 
Part 1. Echinidairregularia. 12mo. 3s. 6d., with Plates. 


V. BRITISH ZOOLOGY. 


List of the British Animals; with Synonyma and references to 
figures. 
Part 1. Radiata. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 1848. 4s. 
Part 2. Sponges. By Dr. J. E. Gray. 1848, 10d. 
Part 3. Birds. By G. R. Gray. 1850. 4s. 
Part 4. Crustacea. By A. Wurre. 1850. 2s. 6d. 
Part 5. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Srepuens. 1850, Kd. 2. 
1856. 1s, 9d. 


6 


Part 6. Hymenoptera. By F. Smiryu. 1851. 2s. 

Part 7. Mollusca Acephala and Brachiopoda. By Dr. J. E. 
Gray. 1851. 3s. 6d. 

Part 8. Fish. By A. Wore. 1851. 3s. 

Part 9. Eggs of British Birds. By G. R. Gray. 1862. 

7 2s. 6d. 

Part 10. Lepidoptera (continued). By J. F. STEPHENS. 
1852. 2s. 

Part 11. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. By H. Denny. Is. 

Part 12. Lepidoptera (continued). By J. F. SrepHEens. 

9d. 


1852. 

Part 13. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By F. Smirn. 
1853. 1s. 4d. 

Part 14. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By A. Waite. 
1853. 6d. 


Part 15. Nomenclature of Diptera. By A. Wuits. 1853. 1s. 
Part 16. Lepidoptera (completed). By H. T. Stainton, 
M.E.S. 1854. 3s. 
Catalogue of British Hymenoptera (Bees). By F. Smiru. 1855. 
6s., with plates. 
Catalogue of British Ichneumonide. By THomas DEsviGNEs, 
M.E.S. 12mo. 1856. Is. 9d. 
Catalogue of British Bruchide, Cureulionide, &e. By Joun 
Watton, F.L.S. 12mo. 1856. 
N.B.—These Catalogues can be obtained at the Secretary’s Office 
in the British Musrvum; or through any Bookseller. 


VI. Books ILLUSTRATING OR DESCRIBING PARTS OF 
THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS. 


The Illustrated Natural History. By the Rev. J. G. Woop, 
M.A., F.L.S. &e. New edition. 12mo. 1855. 

Illustrations of Indian Zoology, from the Collection of Major- 
General Thomas Hardwicke. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. 
Folio. 2 vols. 1830-1835. 

Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. Edited by CHARLES 
Darwin, F.R.S. 4to. 1840-1844. 

Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.SS. Erebus and Terror. Edited 
by Sir Joun Ricuarpson, M.D., F.R.S. &c., and Dr. J. E. 
Gray, F.R.S.  4to. 1844-1845. 

British Museum—Historical and Descriptive. 12mo. 1855. 

Natural History of the Animal Kingdom. By W.S, Dauuas, 
F.L.S. &c. Post 8vo. 1855. 


7 
Zoological Miscellany. By W. E. Leacn, M.D., F.R.S. 8vo. 


3 vols. 

Spicilegia Zoologica. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S. 4to. 1829-1830. 

Zoological Miscellany. By Dr. J. E.Gray,F.R.S. 8vo. 1831. 

Knowsley Menagerie. Part 2. Hoofed Animals. By Dr. J. E. 
Gray, F.R.S. Folio. 1850. 

A Monograph of the Macropodide. By JoHn Gou.p, F.R.S. 
Folio. 1841-1844. 

Mammals of Australia. By JounN Goutp,F.R.S. Folio. 1845. 

Popular History of Mammalia. By A. Wuirs, F.L.S. 

Popular History of Birds. By A. Wurrs, F.L.S. 

Genera of Birds. ByG.R. Gray, F.L.S. Illustrated by plates 
by D. W. MircuHe.t, Sec. Z.S. Folio. 3 vols. 1844-1849. 

The Birds of Jamaica. By P. H. Gossn, F.R.S. 8vo. 1847. 

Illustrations of the Birds of Jamaica. By P. H. Gosssz, F.R.S. 
8vo. 1849. 

Monograph of Ramphastide. By Joun Goutp,F.R.S. Folio. 

Birds of Australia. By Joun Gou.p, F.R.S. Folio. 1848. 

Report on the Ichthyology of the Seas of China and Japan. By 
Sir Joun Ricuarpson, M.D., F.R.S. 8vo. 1846. 

Fauna Boreali-Americana. The Fish. By Sir Joun RicHarpD- 
son, M.D., F.R.S. &e. 4to. 1836. With Plates. 

Synopsis Reptilium. Part 1. Cataphracta. By Dr. J. E. Gray, 
F.R.S. 8vo. 1831. 

Illustrations of British Entomology. By JAmss F, STEPHENS, 
F.L.S. 10 vols. 8vo. 1827-1835. 

A Systematic Catalogue of British Insects. By J. F. SrePHENs, 
F.L.S. 8vo. 1829. 


The Nomenclature of British Insects. By J. F. SrePHENS, 
F.L.S. 8vo. 1829 & 1833. 

A Manual of British Coleoptera. By J. F. Srepuens, F.L.S. 
12mo. 1839. 

Insecta Britannica. Diptera. By F. Wauxker, F.L.S. 8vo. 
1851-1856. 


Monographia Chaleiditum. By F.Wauker,F.L.S, 8vo. 1839. 


Entomology of Australia. Partl. Phasmide. By G.R.Gray, 
F.L.S. 4to. 


Synopsis of species of Phasmide. By G.R. Gray, F.L.S. 8vo. 
1835. 


8 

Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera. By Enwarp DousLepay, 
F.L.S.; and J. O. Westwoop, F.L.S. Illustrated by W. C. 
Hewitson. 4to. 2vols. 1846-1850. 

Monographia Anoplurorum Britanaiz, or British species of 
Parasitic Insects. By Henry Denny, F.L.S. 8vo. With 
Plates. 

Fauna Boreali-Americana. The Insects. By W. Kirpy, F.R.S. 
4to. 1837. With Coloured Plates. 

Insecta Maderensia. By T. VErNon Wo.uuastTon, M.A.,F.L.S. 
4to. 1854. With Plates. 

Malacostraca Podophthalmia Britannie. By W. E. Lracna, 
M.D., F.R.S. 4to. 1817-1821. 

A Monograph of the Subclass Cirripedia. By CHARLES DARWIN, 
F.R.S. 8yvo. 2vols. 1854. 

Natural History of the British Entomostraca. By W. Barro, 
M.D., F.L.S. &e. 8vo. 1850. 

Figures of Molluscous Animals, for the use of Students. By 
Maria Emma Gray. 3vols. 8vo. 1850-1854. 

A Synopsis of the Mollusca of Great Britain. By W. E. Leacu, 
M.D., F.R.S. 8vo... 1852. 

Catalogue of the Land Shells of Jamaica. By C. B. ApAmMs. 
8vo. 185]. 

Catalogue of Testaceous Mollusca of the North-east Atlantic 
and neighbouring Seas. By R. MacAnprew, F'.R.S. 8vo. 
1850. 

Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. By JoHN PHILLIPs, 
F.R.S., 4to. 1836. 

A Monograph of the Crag Mollusca. By Startes V. Woop, 
F.G.8. 4to. 1850. 

A awiaLy of British Starfishes. By EpwArp Forbes, F.R.S. 
ovo. 

A History of the British Zoophytes. By GrorcEe JoHNSTON, 
M.D. 8vo. 1838.—Ed.2. 8vo. 1847. 

A History of British Sponges and Lithophytes. By Grorcr 
JCHNSTON, M.D. 8vo. 1842. 

A Synopsis of the British Diatomaceee. By W. Smiru, F.L.S. 
8vo. 2vols. 1854-1856. The Plates by T. West. 

Proceedings of the Zoological Society. Series | and 2. 

Transactions of the Entomological Society. 


May 1857. 


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Catalogue of the Batrachia salientia in
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