FI
v.13' 4
CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS
BY
CHARLES E. HELLMAYR
ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF BIRDS, 1922-1944
AND
BOARDMAN CONOVER
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE. BIRDS
PART I, NUMBER 4
CATHARTIDAE-ACCIPITRIDAE-PANDIONIDAE
FALCONIDAE
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART I, NUMBER 4
AUGUST 19, 1949
PUBLICATION 634
PUBLICATIONS
OF
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL
HISTORY
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES
VOLUME XIII
PART I, NUMBER 4
CHICAGO, U.S.A.
1949 >?
THF
3 1 1949
CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS
AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS
IN
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
INCLUDING ALL SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES KNOWN TO OCCUR IN NORTH AMERICA.
MEXICO, CENTRAL AMERICA, SOUTH AMERICA, THE WEST INDIES AND
ISLANDS OF THE CARIBBEAN SEA, THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO
AND OTHER ISLANDS WHICH MAY BE INCLUDED ON
ACCOUNT OP THEIR FAUNAL AFFINITIES
BY
CHARLES E. HELLMAYR
ASSOCIATE CURATOR OF BIRDS, 1922-1944
AND
BOARDMAN CONOVER
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, BIRDS
PART I, NUMBER 4
CATHARTIDAE-ACCIPITRIDAE-PANDIONIDAE
FALCONIDAE
ZOOLOGICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME XIII, PART I, NUMBER 4
AUGUST 19, 1949
PUBLICATION 634
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
v. 13
PREFACE TO PART I, NUMBER 4
This, the final number of Part I, completes the Catalogue of
Birds of the Americas. In style and arrangement it follows the guid-
ing principles of the previous parts. As in Numbers 2 and 3 of
Part I, however, because of the war and the death of Charles E.
Hellmayr in 1944, the method of collaboration had to be changed
somewhat from that followed in Part I, Number 1. A carbon copy
of the manuscript of the Falconiformes was received in this country
in 1939, but Dr. Hellmayr intended to revise the original, and bring
it up to date. However, he died before he had completed the revision
and before he had approved the changes found necessary because of
material in Field Museum. As before, such emendations have been
kept as few as possible.
The senior author alone is responsible for the manuscript. The
junior author is solely responsible for the list of specimens in Field
Museum, for the bibliography after 1938, and for a few changes in
the manuscript made necessary by specimens acquired after Dr.
Hellmayr's departure for Europe. In the one case in which a change
was made in the actual taxonomy, a footnote calls attention to the
fact and gives the original nomenclature. Elsewhere, when there
seemed to be a discrepancy between the manuscript and the results
of the study of the literature and the specimens in Field Museum,
a footnote has been added with initials appended to indicate the
author. Literature up to December 31, 1944 (as given in the Zoo-
logical Record) has been added. Some new forms described since
that date and before December 31, 1946, and a few important papers
will be found mentioned in the footnotes.
As before, the authors have been greatly benefited by the cordial
co-operation of many institutions and individuals, who have lent
material and submitted information. To all of them we wish to
express our appreciation. Among those who have helped are Dr.
John W. Aldrich, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Dr. Arthur Allen,
Cornell University, Ithaca; Dr. Alfred M. Bailey, Colorado Museum
of Natural History; Professor J. Berlioz, Muse"e d'Histoire Naturelle,
Paris; Mr. James Bond, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia;
Mr. H. W. Brandt, Cleveland, Ohio; the late Major Allan Brooks,
Okanagan Landing, Canada; the Chicago Academy of Sciences; Dr.
Herbert Friedmann, United States National Museum; Professor
0. Fuhrmann, University of Neuchatel; Count Nils Gyldenstolpe,
Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm; the Museum of the University
of Kansas, Lawrence; Captain N. B. Kinnear, British Museum
(Natural History); Professor A. Laubmann, Zoological Museum,
Munich; Messrs. F. C. Lincoln and W. L. McAtee, U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service; Mr. J. D. Macdonald, British Museum (Natural
History); Dr. Alden H. Miller, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology,
Berkeley, California; the late James Moffitt, California Academy of
Sciences, San Francisco; Mr. Olaus Murie, U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service; Dr. Robert T. Orr, California Academy of Sciences; Dr.
Max Peet, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Dr. James L. Peters, Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Mr. William H.
Phelps, Caracas, Venezuela; Dr. R. A. Philippi-B., Museo Nacional
de Chile, Santiago; Professor William Rowan, University of Ed-
monton, Alberta; Mr. R. M. de Schauensee, Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia; Count Josef Seilern, Lukov; Professor Morriz
Sassi, Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna; Mr. L. L. Snyder, Royal
Ontario Museum, Toronto; the late P. A. Taverner, National Mu-
seum of Canada, Ottawa; Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd, Carnegie Museum,
Pittsburgh; Mr. A. J. van Rossem, Los Angeles, California; Dr.
Josselyn Van Tyne, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor; Dr. Alexander Wetmore, United States National Mu-
seum; Dr. John T. Zimmer, American Museum of Natural History,
New York.
We are also indebted to Dr. Charles Baehni, Director of the
Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques, Geneva, Switzerland, for his
custodianship of the manuscript after Dr. Hellmayr's death.
Of the Museum Staff, especial acknowledgment is due to the late
Dr. Wilfred H. Osgood, Curator Emeritus, Department of Zoology;
Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Chief Curator, Department of Zoology; and
Dr. Austin L. Rand, Curator, Division of Birds, for their help and
advice to the junior author; to Mr. Melvin A. Traylor, Jr., Asso-
ciate, Division of Birds; to Mr. Emmet R. Blake, Associate Curator,
Division of Birds, who was responsible for the compilation of the
index; and to Miss Lillian A. Ross, Associate Editor of Scientific
Publications, for reading the manuscript and seeing through the
press the last six parts of the Catalogue of Birds of the Americas.
BOARDMAN CONOVER
iv
CONTENTS
Orders, Families, and Genera Included in Part I, Number 4
ORDER FALCONIFORMES
Suborder CATHARTAE
Family CATHARTIDAE
(Condors and Vultures) PAGE
Vultur Linnaeus 1
Sarcoramphus Dume'ril 3
Coragyps Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire 4
Cathartes Illiger 6
Gymnogyps Lesson 14
Suborder FALCONES
Superfamily FALCONOIDEA
Family ACCIPITRIDAE
(Kites, Hawks, and Allies)
Subfamily ELANINAE
(White-tailed Kites)
Elanus Savigny 15
Subfamily PERNINAE
(Honey Buzzards and
Swallow-tailed Kites)
Elanofdes Vieillot 18
Leptodon Sundevall 22
Chondrohierax Lesson 26
Subfamily MILVINAE
(True Kites)
Harpagus Vigors 32
Ictinia Vieillot 37
Roslrhamus Lesson 41
Helicolestes Bangs and Penard 47
Subfamily ACCIPITRINAE
(Bird Hawks)
Accipiter Brisson 48
Heterospizias Sharpe 80
Subfamily BUTEONINAE
(Buzzards and Eagles)
Buteo Lac6pede 84
Parabuteo Ridgway 164
Leucopternis Kaup 169
Urubitinga Lafresnaye 181
Buteogallus Lesson 187
Busarellus Lesson 193
Harpyhaliaetus Lafresnaye 197
Morphmis Dumont 200
Harpia Vieillot 203
Oroaetus Ridgway 205
Spizastur G. R. Gray 206
Spizaetus Vieillot 208
Aquila Brisson 214
Haliaeetus Savigny 215
Subfamily CIRCINAE
(Harriers)
Circus Lacepede 218
Geranospiza Kaup 227
Family PANDIONIDAE
(Ospreys)
Pandion Savigny 234
Family FALCONIDAE
(Falcons)
Subfamily HERPETOTHERINAE
(Laughing Hawks)
Herpetotheres Vieillot 237
Micrastur G. R. Gray 242
Subfamily DAPTRIINAE
(Caracaras)
Daptrius Vieillot 259
Milvago Spix 265
Phalcoboenus d'Orbigny 274
Caracara Merrem 281
Subfamily POLIHIERACINAE
(Pygmy Falcons)
Spiziapteryx Kaup 288
Gampsonyx Vigors 289
Subfamily FALCONINAE
(Falcons)
Falco Linnaeus . . . 293
NEW NAME PROPOSED IN PART I, NUMBER 4
PAGE
Buteo nitidus blakei nom. nov. . . 1 60
vi
CATALOGUE
OF
BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS
PART I
NO. 4
BY CHARLES E. HELLMAYR AND BOARDMAN CONOVER
Order FALCONIFORMES
Suborder CATHARTAE
Family CATHARTIDAE. Condors and Vultures
Genus VULTUR Linnaeus
Vultur Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 86, 1758 type, by subs, desig.
(Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 24, p. 11, Dec., 1907), Vultur gryphus
Linnaeus.
Gryphus Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 6, p. 530, 1854 type, by tautonymy,
Vultur cuntur "Dum." (condor ~Less.) Vultur gryphus Linnaeus.
"Vultur gryphus Linnaeus. CONDOR.
Vultur gryphus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 86, 1758 based on
"Vultur gryps Gryphus" Klein (Hist. Av. Prodr., p. 45) and "Cuntur"
Raius (Syn. Av., p. 11), Chile; 1 Humboldt, in Humboldt and Bonpland,
Obsers. Zool. Anat. Comp., 1, pp. 26-45, pis. 8, 9, circa 1806 Andes
of Colombia, Ecuador (Chimborazo), and Peru (descr.; habits); Scott and
Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped. Patagonia, 2, (2), p. 526, 1915
Cape Fairweather, Patagonia; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 278 Sinche,
Guaranda, Ecuador; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 1, 1921 Venezuela to Pata-
gonia; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 29, 1922
Pichincha and near Zambiza, Ecuador; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1,
p. 2, 1924 (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 216, 1926
Pichincha and Chimborazo, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 189,
1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 293,
1932 Chile (full bibliog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La
Plata, 1, p. 376, 1936 Catamarca (Andalgala), NeuquSn, Santa Cruz
1 In Ray's account the locality Herradura, not far from the Isla La Mocha,
off Arauco, is specifically mentioned.
2 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
(Rio Deseado) (full bibliog. for Argentina); Housse, Bol. Mus. Hist. Nat.
"Javier Prado," Lima, 4, p. 233, 1940 (gen. ace.); Lehmann, Rev. Acad.
Colombiana Cienc., Bogotd, 3, p. 457, pi. 2, 1940 (gen. ace.).
Vultur magellanicus Shaw, Mus. Lever., 1, p. 1, pi. 1, 1792 Straits of Magellan
(type in Leverian Museum, now in Vienna Museum; cf. Pelzeln, Ibis,
1873, p. 16).
Vultur condor Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 2, pis. 2-4, 1809 new name for
Vultur magellanicus Shaw.
Gypagus gryffus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 36, p. 450, 1819
emendation of Vultur gryphus Linnaeus.
Cathartes gryphus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 23, pis. 133, 408,
494, June, 1822 (monog.; fig. of adult and young).
Sarcoramphus condor Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 25, Feb., 1830 new
name for Vultur gryphus Linnaeus; Gay, Hist. Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1,
p. 194, pi. (osteology), 1847 Chile (habits).
Sarcoramphus gryphus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me"rid., Ois., p. 17, 1835
Andes and Patagonian Rio Negro (habits); Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3,
Birds, p. 1, 1838 Cordilleras of Chile and Patagonia (mouth of Rio
Negro; Port Desire; mouth of Rio Santa Cruz); Burmeister, Journ. Orn.,
8, p. 241, 1860 Sierra de Aconquija, Tucuman; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p.
382 Paramo de Pamplona, above Vetas, Colombia.
Gryphus cuntur "Dum." Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 6, p. 530, 1854
substitute name for [S.] condor "Lesson."
Sarcorhamphus gryphus Burmeister, Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 433, 1861
Sierras de Cordoba and Aconquija; Orton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4),
8, p. 186, 1871 Ecuador (plumages; habits); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit.
Mus., 1, p. 20, 1874 (monog.); Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 75, 1884
Peru; Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B. 248, 1891 Rio Gallegos,
Patagonia; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 238, 1910
(range in Argentina); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 237,
1917 Almaguer, Colombia; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 303,
1923 western Rio Negro.
Sarcorhamphus aequatorialis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 21, 1874
Quito, Ecuador (no type extant); 1 Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883,
p. 349, pi. 35 (young) Peru (crit.); Ridgway, Auk, 2, p. 169, 1885
(plumages ; = young) .
Sarcorhamphus gryphus gryphus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 1, 1919 (range).
Sarcorhamphus gryphus aequatorialis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 1, 1919
Ecuador.
Vultur gryphus gryphus Swann, Auk, 38, p. 357, 1921 near Me>ida, Venezuela.
Range. Andes of western Venezuela (Cordillera of Me'rida) and
Colombia (excluding the Santa Marta Mountains), south in the
mountains to the Straits of Magellan and Tierra del Fuego (Spion),
and also on the Atlantic coast of Patagonia south of the Rio Negro.
1 Based partly on Orton's account of a brown "species" of Condor occurring
in the Ecuadorian Andes, partly on a zoo specimen in the brown immature plumage.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 3
Field Museum Collection. 3: Colombia (El Tambo, Cauca, 1);
Ecuador (Valle de Yunguilla, Azuay, 1); Argentina (Aconquija,
Tucuman, 1).
Genus SARCORAMPHUS DumeYil
Sarcoramphus Dumeril, Zool. Anal., p. 32, 1806 type, by subs, desig. (Vigors,
Zool. Journ., 2, pp. 381 [footnote], 384, 1825), Vultur papa Linnaeus.
Gypagus Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. El&n., p. 21, April, 1816 type, by subs,
desig. (Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds.,
3, p. 337 [note 2], 1874), Vultur papa Linnaeus.
Gyparchus Gloger, Hand. Hilfsb. Naturg., 1, livr. 3, p. 235, 1841 (emendation).
*Sarcoramphus papa (Linnaeus). KING VULTURE.
Vultur papa Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 86, 1758 based on "Vultur
elegans" Edwards (Nat. Hist. Bds., 1, p. 2, pi. 2), and "The Warwouwen"
Albin (Nat. Hist. Bds., 2, p. 4, pi. 4), "in India occiden tali" = Surinam
(auct. Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 289, 1908); Schomburgk, Reisen
Brit. Guiana, 1, pp. 464-465, 1847 Pirara (habits; descr. of female).
Gypagus papa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 36, p. 456, 1819;
Salvadori and Festa, Bull. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 27, 1900
Gualaquiza and Rio Peripa, Ecuador; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 81,
1907 Sao Paulo and Rio Jurua, Amazonas (range); Berlepsch, Nov.
Zool., 15, p. 289, 1908 Cayenne; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos
Aires, 18, p. 238, 1910 Tucuman and Salta; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 41,
1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 237, 1917 Cauca and Magdalena rivers, Colombia.
Sarcoramphus papa d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. MeYid., Ois., p. 28, 1835 Para-
guay, Brazil, and Bolivia (habits); Le"otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 1, 1866
Trinidad; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 441, 1910 Costa Rica
(Bonilla, Cariblanco de Sarapiquf, Pozo Azul de Pirrfs); Chubb, Bds.
Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 206, 1916 Rupununi River, Great Savannas, Mazaruni
River, Berbice, Siparuni, and Barima River; Todd and Carriker, Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 141, 1922 Bonda and Minca, Colombia; Swann,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 24, 1924 (monog.); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 60, p. 100, 1930 Matto Grosso (bibliog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1,
p. 190, 1931 (range); Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 586 Trinidad
(not seen since 1913); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata,
1, p. 378, 1936 (full bibliog.; range in Argentina); Harper, Auk, 53,
p. 381, 1936 St. John's River, above Lake George, Florida; Pinto, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 22, p. 58, 1938 Sao Paulo (Sao Jose" do Rio Pardo, Val-
paraiso) and Goyaz (Rio das Almas) (range); Traylor, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 202, 1941 Matamoros, Campeche; Gyldenstolpe,
K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., (3), 22, p. 25, 1945 Igarape Grande, Rio
Jurua, Brazil (var. other Amazon localities); idem, I.e., (3), 23, p. 46,
1945 Bolivia (Bresta and San Lorenzo, El Beni).
Sarcorhamphus papa Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p.
743, 1849; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 1, 1867 Sao Paulo (Itarare", Murun-
4 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
gaba), Goyaz (Rio Araguay), Matto Grosso (Jacobina, Caifara, Engenho
do Cap Gama), and Amazonia (Borba, Rio Madeira; Serra Carauman,
Rio Branco), Brazil; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 81, 1884 Peru; Salvin
and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 131, 1901 Mexico to
Panama; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 216, 1926 Esmeraldas,
Chongon Hills, and Puna Island, Ecuador; Griscom, I.e., 64, p. 148,
1932 Guatemala (both coasts); Lehmann, Rev. Acad. Colombiana
Cienc., Bogota, 3, p. 458, pi. 1, 1940 (gen. ace.).
Gyparchus papa Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 214 coast region of Central
America; Taylor, I.e., 1864, p. 79 eastern Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 189 lower Amazon; iidem, I.e., p. 753
Xeberos, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 301 Xeberos and Santa Cruz, Peru.
Cathartes papa Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 22, 1874 (monog.).
Range. Tropical Mexico south through Central and South
America (including the Island of Trinidad) to Rio Grande do Sul,
Paraguay, Bolivia and northern Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Tucuman,
La Rioja, Chaco, and Santa F6*). 1
Field Museum Collection. 26: Guatemala, Izabal (Los Amates,
3; Bobos, 1); El Salvador (Rio San Miguel, San Miguel, 1); Panama
(Boqueron, Chiriqui, 1; Coiba Island, 4); Colombia (Sierra de
Baudo, Choco, 1; Tocagua, Atlantico, 1); British Guiana (George-
town, 1); Brazil (Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, 1; Lago Grande, Rio
Jurua, 1; Piquiatuba, Rio Tapajos, 1; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajos,
1); Paraguay (Capitan Bado, Cerro Amambay, 6); Bolivia (Buena
Vista, Santa Cruz, 2); Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 1).
Genus CORAGYPS Geoffrey Saint-Hilaire
Coragyps T. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, in Le Maout, Hist. Nat. Ois., p. 66,
1853 type, by monotypy, Coragyps urubu=Vultur urubu Vieillot=VttWur
atratus Bechstein.
*Coragyps atratus (Bechstein). BLACK VULTURE.
Vullur atratus Bechstein, Anhang, Band 1, Latham's Allg. Uebers. Vogel,
p. 655, 1793 based on "Black Vulture or Carrion Crow" Bartram,
Travels North and South Carolina, pp. 152 (descr.), 289, 1791, St. John's
River, Florida.
Vultur urubu Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame>. Sept., 1, p. 23, pi. 2, Sept., 1807
Florida and South America (no type specified).
Cathartes foetens Lichtenstein, Verz. Ausgest. Saug. Vogel Zool. Mus. Berlin,
p. 30, 1818 based on "Iribu" Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Pax. Parag.,
1, p. 19, No. 2, Paraguay; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 58, 1830
Brazil; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 1, 1867 Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo.
1 About the possible former occurrence of the King Vulture (Bartram's Vultur
sacra) on St. John's River, Florida, in 1774 or 1775, see Harper, Auk, 53, pp. 381-
392, 1936, and McAtee, I.e., 59, p. 104, 1942.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 5
Cathartes brasiliensis Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, (1), p. 9, 1850 South
America and "Antilles" (no type specified; southern Brazil designated as
type locality by Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 289, 1908).
Catharistes atratus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 24, 1874 (monog.);
Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 84, 1884 Peru.
Catharista atrata Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 133,
1901 Mexico to Panama (bibliog.).
Catharista atratus brasiliensis Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr.
Akad. Wiss., 22, (3), p. 567, 1906 (crit.); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1,
p. 81, 1907 Sao Paulo (Ypiranga) and Amazonas (Rio Jurua).
Catharista urubu brasiliensis Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 442, 1910
Costa Rica.
Catharista urubu Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H. f 36, p. 238, 1917
Santa Elena, Colombia.
Coragyps urubu Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 142, 1922
Bonda, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 148, 1932
Guatemala.
Coragyps atratus foetens Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 29,
1922 Machangara River, Quito, and Cumbaya, Ecuador; Peters, Bds.
World, 1, p. 190, 1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool.
Ser., 19, p. 292, 1932 Chile (bibliog.); Friedmann, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 46, p. 187, 1933 (crit.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus.
La Plata, 1, p. 380, 1936 (range in Argentina; bibliog.); Pinto, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 22, p. 59, 1938 (range in Brazil); Lehmann, Rev. Acad. Co-
lombiana Cienc., Bogota, 3, p. 459, pi. 2, fig. b, 1940 (gen. ace.); Murphy,
Auk, 62, p. 116, 1945 Pearl Island, Panama.
Coragyps urubu foetens Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 9, 1924 South
America (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 217, 1926
Quito, Ecuador (crit.; meas.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 91,
1926 Chaco (Las Palmas, Resistencia), Formosa (Formosa), Paraguay
(west of Puerto Pinasco), Uruguay, etc. (crit.).
Coragyps atratus atratus Bruner, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat., 14, p. 105,
1940 Cuba (status; range).
Coragyps atratus Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 89, p. 530, 1941 highlands
of Guatemala; van Rossem, Condor, 45, p. 121, 1943 Cerralvo Island,
Lower California; Brodkorb, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters,
29, p. 115, 1943 (published 1944) (geog. var.); van Rossem, Occ. Pap.
Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 52, 1945 Sonora (distr.).
Coragyps atratus brasiliensis Brodkorb, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., Arts and
Letters, 29, p. 119 (in text), 1943 (birds from tropical America said to
be distinct).
Range. North America, from Kansas, Illinois, Indiana, and
Maryland southward through Central and South America (including
the island of Trinidad) to Chilo6 Island and Llanquihue on the west
coast, and to northern Argentina and Uruguay east of the Andes. 1
1 We agree with Friedmann (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, pp. 187-189, 1933)
that the average smaller size of the South American individuals is not sufficiently
constant to warrant their separation as C. a. foetens.
6 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Field Museum Collection. 30: Texas (Cameron County, 5);
Florida (Amelia Island, 1; Anclote, 1; St. John's River, 1); Mexico
(Camoa, Sonora, 1); Guatemala (Los Amates, Izabal, 1); Panama
(Port Obaldia, Darien, 1); Colombia (El Tambo, Cauca, 10);
British Guiana (Buxton, 2); Bolivia (Aiquile, Cochabamba, 2; Tin-
Tin, Cochabamba, 1; Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 1); Paraguay (265
km. west of Puerto Casado, 2); Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 1).
Genus CATHARTES Illiger
Cathartes Illiger, Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Av., p. 236, 1811 type, by subs, desig.
(Vigors, Zool. Journ., 2, p. 384, 1825), Vultur aura Linnaeus.
Catharista Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., p. 21, April, 1816 type, by
subs, desig. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 2, 1855), Vultur aura
Linnaeus.
Rhinogryphus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer.
Bds., 3, p. 343, Jan., 1874 type, by orig. desig., Vultur aura Linnaeus.
Catharistes Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 23, 1874 emendation of
Catharista Vieillot.
Oenops Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 25, after June 1, 1874 substitute
for "Catharista et Cathartes, auct. recent." (no type specified).
*Cathartes aura teter Friedmann. 1 WESTERN TURKEY VULTURE.
Cathartes aura teter Friedmann, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, p. 188, Oct. 26,
1933 Riverside, California (type in the United States National Museum);
van Rossem, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 52,
1945 Sonora (distr.; disc.).
Cathartes aura septentrionalis (not of Wied) Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool.,
32, p. 106, 1928 Lower California; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc.
N. H., 6, p. 241, 1931 Sonora (Guaymas, Tobari Bay, El Doctor, Pes-
queira, etc.).
Range. Austral zone of western North America, from southern
British Columbia, central Alberta, Saskatchewan, southern Mani-
toba, Wisconsin, northern Minnesota, and northwestern Michigan
south to southern Lower California, northern Mexico (Sonora,
Chihuahua, and Tamaulipas to Jalisco), and east to Texas; winters
from California and Nebraska southward.
Field Museum Collection. 13: British Columbia (Victoria, 1;
Okanagan, 1); North Dakota (Ramsey County, 1); California (San
Diego County, 1); Utah (Cedar City, Iron County, 3); Texas
1 Cathartes aura teter Friedmann: Similar in coloration to C. o. aura and C. a.
septentrionalis, but with the short wing of the former and the long tail of the latter.
Wing, 480-528; tail, 252-282 mm.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 7
(Brownsville, 2); Mexico (Samachique, Chihuahua, 2; Serra Torahu-
more, Chihuahua, 1; Horsetail Falls, Nuevo Leon, 1).
*Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied. EASTERN TURKEY
VULTURE.
Cathartes septentrionalis Wied, Reise Nord-Amerika, 1, p. 162 (footnote),
1839 near New Harmony, Indiana (no type preserved); idem, Journ.
Orn., 4, p. 120, 1856 on the Wabash River, near New Harmony, Indiana
(full descr.).
Cathartes aura septentrionalis Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 125, 1909
(crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 14, 1924 (in part); Friedmann,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, p. 188, 1933 (range); Sutton, Auk, 59, p. 304,
1942 Newfoundland and Labrador; Coles, I.e., 61, p. 219, 1944 Ohio
(nesting in caves).
Range. Eastern North America, from southern Ontario, New
York, Connecticut, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and eastern
Iowa south through Missouri and Arkansas to Louisiana, the Gulf
states and southern Florida; casual in northern Ontario and north-
ern New England, in New Brunswick, and Newfoundland.
Field Museum Collection. 9: Connecticut (New Fairfield, 1;
New Milford, 1); Illinois (Henry, Marshall County, 1); North
Carolina (Pea Island, Dare County, 1; Raleigh, 2); Florida (Anclote,
1; Enterprise, 2).
*Cathartes aura aura (Linnaeus). TURKEY VULTURE.
Vultur aura Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 86, 1758 based principally
upon "Tzopilotle S. Aura" Hernandez, Hist. Nov. Hisp., p. 331, type
locality as designated by Nelson (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 124,
1905), State of Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Cathartes (Vultur) urbis incola (Ricord MS.) Lesson, Comple'm. Buffon, 2nd
ed., 2, p. 93, 1840 1 Haiti (Santo Domingo) 2 (no type extant).
Cathartes burrovianus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1845, p. 212
near City of Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 31, 1899);
Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5, p. 83, 1880 (crit.); Nelson, Proc. Biol.
Soc. Wash., 18, p. 124, 1905 (crit.).
Cathartes urbicola Des Murs, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, p. 153, 1853 substitute
name for Cathartes urbis incola (Ricord) Lesson.
1 The name may have to be quoted from the 8vo edition of the work published
in 1838 and 1839. We have not been able to consult this edition.
2 Though stated by Ricord to be common in the Spanish section, the Turkey
Vulture appears to have become extinct on the island of Hispaniola. Ricord also
claims to have seen the bird on the banks of the Orinoco and at Port-of-Spain,
Trinidad (both localities refer, of course, to C. a. ruficollis), as well as in Santiago-
de-Cuba, "St. Vincent," "Santa Lucia," and "Dominica."
8 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Cathartes ricordi Des Murs, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, p. 153, 1853 substitute
name for Cathartes urbis incola (Ricord) Lesson.
Cathartes aura Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 382 Santander, Colombia; Sclater
and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1879, p. 542 Dept. Antioquia,
Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 178 Santa Marta, Co-
lombia; Cory, Bds. Bahamas, p. 134, 1880 Andros and Abaco; Robinson,
Flying Trip to Tropics, p. 154, 1895 Barranquilla, Honda, and Guaduas,
Colombia (eggs descr.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves,
3, p. 135, 1901 part, Central America, Colombia, and West Indies;
Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 122, 1905 (crit.; meas.; range);
Piguet, M6m. Soc. Neuch. Sci. Nat., 5, p. 806, 1914 Medellin, Colombia;
Bond, Bds. W. Ind., p. 60, 1936 Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, Puerto
Rico (introduced), Haiti (extirpated), Bahamas (Andros, Great Bahama,
Abaco; extirpated on New Providence).
Oenops aura Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 25, 1874 part, Jamaica and
Mexico.
Cathartes aura aura Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 238, 1917
Santa Elena and Puerto Valdivia, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 141, 1922 Mamatoco, Santa Marta, Colombia;
Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 11, 1924 (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 133, p. 89, 1926 (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 190, 1931
(range); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 364, 1931 Rio Frio,
Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 148,
1932 Guatemala; Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool.
Ser., 23, p. 95, 1938 El Salvador; Burleigh, Auk, 55, p. 520, 1938 (records
for Cape Sable, Florida); Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 89, p. 531,
1941 Guatemalan highlands.
Cathartes aura meridionalis Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 1, p. 3, Sept. 28, 1921
"Colombia" (type, from Santa Marta, in British Museum examined).
Cathartes aura insularis Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 1, p. 3, Sept. 28, 1921
Cozumel Island, Mexico (type in British Museum examined).
Range. From central Mexico through Central America to north-
ern and eastern Colombia (Antioquia, Santa Marta, 1 lower Magda-
lena Valley); Bahama Islands (Andros, Great Bahama, Abaco);
Greater Antilles (Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica; introduced into the
southwestern portion of Puerto Rico, extirpated in Hispaniola).
Field Museum Collection. 6: Bahama Islands (Abaco, 1; Andros,
1); Mexico, Michoacan (Tancitaro, 1; Santa Catarina, 1); Guate-
mala (Los Amates, Izabal, 1); Honduras (Tegucigalpa, Tegucigalpa,
1).
*Cathartes aura ruficollis Spix. 2 RED-NECKED TURKEY VULTURE.
1 We cannot satisfactorily distinguish the type of C. a. meridionalis (from
Santa Marta) from Mexican specimens, and are therefore inclined to agree with
Todd and Wetmore in extending the range of C. a. aura to Colombia.
2 Cathartes aura ruficollis Spix: Similar to C. a. aura, but blacker throughout;
dark brown edges to upper wing coverts and along outer web of secondaries more
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 9
Cathartes ruficollis Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 2, 1824 interior of Bahfa
and Piauhy, Brazil (type lost, formerly in Munich Museum; cf. Hellmayr,
Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 567, 1906);
Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 211, 1916 Ituribisi River; Young, Ibis,
1929, p. 4 coastland of British Guiana.
Cathartes aura (not Vultur aura Linnaeus) d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Me"rid.,
Ois., p. 38, 1834 part, Corrientes; Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 1,
pp. 394, 461, 1847 Pirara (habits); Cabanis, I.e., 3, p. 742, 1849 British
Guiana; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 172, 1862 (soft parts);
idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 1, 1867 Rio de Janeiro (Forte do Sao Joao, Sapi-
tiba), Sao Paulo (Mattodentro, Ypanema, Itarare"), Parana (Fachina
Velha), and Amazonas (Forte do Rio Branco); White, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1882, p. 624 Concepci6n, Misiones; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 143
lower Pilcomayo; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 148, 1893 Cha-
pada, Matto Grosso; Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
24, p. 167, 1901 La Guaira, Venezuela; Lowe, Ibis, 1907, p. 555
Margarita Island, Venezuela (soft parts); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1,
p. 82, 1907 Ilha de Sao Sebastiao and Piquete, Sao Paulo; Bertoni,
Faun. Parag., p. 41, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay.
Cathartes urubitinga (not C. urubutinga Pelzeln) Sclater and Salvin, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 589 south bank (of the Amazon) about 100
miles above the Rio Negro, Brazil (specimen in British Museum examined).
Oenops pernigra Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 26, 1874 part, spec, a
(type, from "north" [= south] side of the River Amazon, in British Museum
examined).
Oenops aura Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 18, 1907 Mexiana;
Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 88, 1910
Joazeiro, Bahia.
Cathartes aura pernigra Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 289, 1908 Cayenne;
Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 122, 1914 Para, Marajo (Cambu,
Sao Natal), and Mexiana; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
62, p. 33, 1918 Paramaribo and Overtoom, Surinam (crit.).
Cathartes aura aura Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 237, 1909 part,
Mocovf, Santa Fe".
restricted or even absent. Besides, dimensions are generally smaller, though
occasional individuals are just as large as typical aura, as has already been observed
by Laubmann. The type of 0. pernigra, a specimen in high plumage, with mere
traces of brown margins to some of the secondaries and wing coverts, is exactly
like one from Bahfa and another from British Guiana (Ituribisi River). The
type is the specimen obtained by A. R. Wallace "on the south bank of the Amazon,
about 100 miles above the Rio Negro" (=Rio Solimoes) and originally recorded
by Sclater and Salvin as C. urubitinga. There is nothing to indicate that its head
ever was yellow, and O. pernigra Sharpe becomes a pure synonym of C. a. ruficollis.
Compared to C. a. jota, the present form may be distinguished by its generally
smaller size and especially by the reduction (or even absence) of the dark brown
markings to the wing coverts and outer webs of secondaries.
Additional material examined. British Guiana: Annai, 1; Ituribisi River, 2;
unspecified, 2. Brazil: Forte de Rio Branco, 1; Rio Solimoes, 1; Bahfa, 3; Joazeiro,
Bahfa, 1; Sao Paulo, 3. Paraguay: Villa Rica, 1.
10 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Cathartes pernigra Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 336, 1916
Orinoco Valley (Agua Salada de Bolivar, Caicara), Venezuela, and British
Guiana (Mashapee, Araby) (crit.).
Cathartes aura perniger Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 2, 1919 (range).
Cathartes aura ruficollis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 16, 1924 (monog.);
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, pp. 88, 89, 1926 Paraguay (west
of Puerto Pinasco), Uruguay (San Vicente, Lazcano), and Chaco Argentino
(crit; range); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 102, 1930
Mutum Cavallo and Utiarity, Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg.
Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 91, 1930 Lapango (Formosa) and
Misiones (crit.); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 59, 1930 Sao Paulo
(Ilha Sao Sebastiao, Piquete, Rio Parana, Rio de Penis) and Goyaz
(Jaragua); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 191, 1931 Venezuela to Paraguay;
Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86, p. 371, 1934 Des-
calvados and Piraputanga, Matto Grosso; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis,
1934, p. 586 Trinidad (breeding); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine.
Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 389, 1936 (range in Argentina); Pinto, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 20, p. 59, 1936 Fazenda ThornS Pinto, near Jaragua, Goyaz;
Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Hand!., (3), 23, p. 47, 1945 Bolivia
(El Consuelo and Bresta, El Beni) (disc.).
Range. Island of Trinidad, Venezuela, and the Guianas south
through Brazil to eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and eastern
Argentina (Misiones, Corrientes, Santa F, Formosa and Chaco).
Field Museum Collection. 9: Venezuela (Encontrados, Zulia, 3);
Brazil (Rio Sao Miguel, Goyaz, 1); Bolivia (Rio Yapacani, Santa
Cruz, 2); Paraguay (Horqueta, 1; Rosario, 1; 265 km. west of
Puerto Casado, 2).
*Cathartes aura jota (Molina). 1 CHILEAN TURKEY VULTURE.
1 Cathartes aura jota (Molina) is rather variable, but may be separated from
ruficollis by generally larger size and the greater amount of brown (or grayish)
markings on wing coverts and secondaries.
Separation of the Falkland Island birds appears impracticable. Of eight
Falkland specimens six indeed have the outer web of the secondaries conspicuously
and broadly margined with light brownish gray becoming hoary along the edge,
and in two or three birds similar markings are also present on the greater wing
coverts. Two have these light wing-markings more or less strongly shaded with
brownish. In two adults (one from Berkeley Sound, the type locality of C. falk-
landica) the markings are, however, just as dark brown as in specimens from Peru
(Arequipa) and Ecuador, whereas in one from Chorillos, near Lima, they are just
as conspicuously grayish brown with hoary edge as in any from the Falklands.
One each from Beagle Channel, Tierra del Fuego, and Tom Bay (Magellan Straits)
can be matched by average Falkland birds, while another adult from Tom Bay
has brown edges like Ecuadorian birds. In three skins from Santiago de Chile
the grayish-edged type is represented by one, the brown-edged by two individuals.
An adult from Choro, Cochabamba, Bolivia (supposedly C. orbignyi Sztolcman),
is a thoroughly normal individual with dark brown wing-markings. It also
seems hardly possible that C. occipitalis based upon a single bird from Huambo
is anything but an individual variation, Salvador! and Festa having recorded a
specimen with similarly colored head from the Rio Peripa, Ecuador. Considering
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 11
Vulcur [sic] jota Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile, pp. 265, 343, 1782 Chile. 1
Cathartes aura (not Vultur aura Linnaeus) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id.,
Ois., p. 38, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1834 part, Patagonia (Rio Negro) and Pacific
region from Chiloe" to Guayaquil; Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Bds., p. 8,
1838 Chile and Falkland Islands; Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Ffs. Pol.
Chile, Zool., 1, p. 202, 1847 Copiapo to Chiloe", Chile; Gould, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 93, 1859 Falkland Islands; Sclater, I.e., 28,
p. 383, 1860 Falkland Islands; Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. 149 Falkland
Islands (habits); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p.
988 Arequipa, Peru; iidem, Ibis, 1869, p. 284 Hasleyn Cove, Messier
Channel; iidem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 435 Falkland Islands
(crit.); Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B. 6, 1891 Orange Bay and
Horn Island, Patagonia; Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exped.
Patagonia, 2, Orn., p. 546, 1915 Patagonia.
Catharista falklandica Sharpe, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (4), 11, p. 133, Feb.,
1873 Falkland Islands (type, from Berkeley Sound, in British Museum
examined).
Oenops falklandica Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 27, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1874
Berkeley Sound, Falkland Islands.
Rhinogryphus aura Sharpe, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 9 Tom Bay,
Magellan Straits; Vallentin, Mem. Proc. Manchester Litt. Phil. Soc., 48,
No. 25, p. 38, 1904 Falkland Islands.
Oenops pernigra (not of Sharpe) Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882,
p. 47 Huambo, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 89, 1884 Peru.
Cathartes falklandicus(a) Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (2),
20, p. 612, 1900 Keppel Island, Falklands; Scott and Sharpe, Rep.
Princet. Univ. Exped. Patagonia, 2, Orn., p. 551, 1915 southern Chile,
Tierra del Fuego, and Falkland Islands; Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
61, p. 157, 1917 Falkland Islands.
Cathartes burroviana (not of Cassin) Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 27, 1900 part, Rio Peripa, Ecuador.
Cathartes aura falklandicus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 2, 1919 Falkland
Islands, Patagonia, and Chile; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 13, 1924
(monog.).
Cathartes aura jota Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 4, 1921 Falkland Islands, Pata-
gonia, and Chile (north to Concepcion); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1,
p. 12, 1924 (monog., excl. of Colombia, except the upper Cauca Valley);
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 90, 1926 Straits of Magellan
through the Andes of Chile (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
the somewhat erratic variation in the wing-markings we are inclined to agree
with Chapman (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, pp. 217-218, 1926) in uniting the
populations of the Falklands and the whole Andean region under C. a. jota, but
would also refer here, and not to C. a. ruficollis, the inhabitants of western Ecuador.
Additional material examined. Falkland Islands, 10; Beagle Channel, Tierra
del Fuego, 1; Tom Bay, Magellan Straits, 2; Corral Valdivia, Chile, 1; Santiago
de Chile, 3; La Rioja, 1; Choro, Bolivia, 1; Arequipa, 1; Chorillos, Lima, 1; Monji,
Ecuador, 2.
1 Swann (Syn. Accip., p. 4, 1921) suggests Concepci6n as type locality.
12 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
55, p. 218, 1926 La Plata Island, Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1,
p. 191, 1931 (range excl. of Colombia); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Zool. Ser., 19, p. 291, 1932 Chile (bibliog.); Bullock, Rev. Chil. Hist.
Nat., 39, p. 241, 1935 Isla la Mocha (resident); Steullet and Deautier,
Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 383, 1936 (bibliog.; range in Argentina);
Lehmann, Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc., Bogotd, 3, p. 460, pi. 2, fig. a,
1940 (gen. ace.).
Cathartes perniger (not Oenops pernigra Sharpe) Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark.
Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 29, 1922 Cumbaya, Ecuador.
Cathartes occipitalis Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 4, p. 319,
Dec. 1, 1925 Huambo, Peru (type in Warsaw Museum).
Cathartes orbignyi Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 4, p. 322 (in
text), Dec. 1, 1925 based on C. aura d'Orbigny, Voy. Am6r. Me>id.,
Ois., pi. 1, fig. 3 (specimen lost).
Cathartes aura ruficollis (not of Spix) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55,
p. 217, 1926 Jambeli Island, Las Pinas, Cumbaya, and Ambato, Ecuador.
Cathartes aura falklandica Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 90, 1926
(crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 191, 1931 (range).
Range. From the upper Cauca Valley of Colombia south in
the Andes through Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina to
Tierra del Fuego. Also found in the lowlands south of Tarapaca,
Chile, and the Rio Negro, Argentina. The Falkland Islands.
Field Museum Collection. 22: Colombia, Cauca (San Antonio,
1; El Tambo, 8); Bolivia (Aiquile, Cochabamba, 4; Colomi, Cocha-
bamba, 5; Vacas, Cochabamba, 1; Capinota, Cochabamba, 1);
Chile, Aconcagua (Palmillo, 1; Papudo-Limache, 1).
*Cathartes urubutinga Pelzeln. 1 YELLOW-HEADED TURKEY
VULTURE.
Cathartes urubutinga Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, 44, p. 7, 1861 Brazil (type, from Forte do Rio Branco, Amazonas,
in Vienna Museum examined); idem, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12,
pp. 133, 173, 1862 Sapitiba (Rio de Janeiro), Irisanga (Sao Paulo) and
Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 1, 1867
same localities; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 82, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem,
Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 82, 1907 Venezuela (range in Brazil); Snethlage,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 122, 1914 Maraj6, Brazil; Bertoni, Faun. Parag.,
1 Cathartes urubutinga Pelzeln is quite distinct from C. aura, its principal
characteristics being the fleshy caruncles scattered over the sides and back of the
neck; the yellow head with verditer blue to bluish white hind crown, forming a
sharply circumscribed dusky patch in dried skins; the predominantly greenish
instead of purplish gloss of the plumage; and the lesser development of the ruff.
Additional material examined. Surinam, 1. Venezuela: Caicara, Rio Orinoco,
2. Brazil: Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, 4; Para, 1; Sapitiba, Rio de
Janeiro, 1. Peru: Chyavetas, 2. Paraguay: Fort Wheeler, west of Puerto
Pinasco, 1.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 13
p. 41, 1914 Paraguay; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 154,
1928 Rio Inhangapy, Para; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco
Exp., Vogel, p. 90, 1930 Lapango, Formosa; Brodkorb, Occ. Pap. Mus.
Zool. Univ. Mich., 349, p. 2, 1937 Caviana Island, Brazil; Pinto, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 22, p. 60, 1938 Rio Pardo, Matto Grosso.
Cathartes urubitinga Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 224 Surinam
(crit.); Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 437 Angostura, Rio Orinoco, Venezuela
(crit.); Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 236, 1909 Mocovf and
Ocampo, Santa F6 (crit.; eggs descr.); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl.
Inst., 2, p. 338, 1916 Venezuela (San Mateo de Caicara and Caicara,
Orinoco) and British Guiana (Georgetown) (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 17, 1924 (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133,
p. 86, 1926 Chaco (Resistencia, Las Palmas), Formosa (Riacho Pilaga),
Uruguay (Lazcano), and Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco) (crit.;
habits); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 191, 1931 (range); Steullet and Deautier,
Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 390, 1936 (range in Argentina); Lehmann,
Rev. Acad. Colombiana Cienc., Bogota, 3, p. 461, pi. 1, 1940 (gen. ace.);
Dugand, Caldasia, 1, No. 3, p. 54, 1941 Vaupes, Colombia.
Cathartes aura (not Vultur aura Linnaeus) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 753 Chyavetas, Peru (specimen examined); iidem,
I.e., 1873, p. 301 Chyavetas.
Oenops urubitinga Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 28, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1874
Surinam and Peru (Chyavetas); Taczanowski, Orn. P6r., 1, p. 91, 1884
Chyavetas, Peru.
Cathartes burrovianus (not of Cassin) Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 4,
1884 (crit.); Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. Ill, 1902 Caicara,
Rio Orinoco, Venezuela (soft parts).
(l)Cathartes burroviana Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15,
No. 368, p. 27, 1900 part, Gualaquiza, Ecuador.
Cathartes aura urubitinga Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 3, 1919 (range, excl.
of Mexico).
Cathartes ruficollis (not of Spix) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 4, 1921 (chars.; range).
Range. Northern and eastern Colombia (Santa Marta, Rio
Vaupes), southern Venezuela (Orinoco Valley), the Guianas, 1 Brazil
(Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco; Marajo, Caviana, and Rio
Guama, Para; Sapitiba and Santo Thome", Rio de Janeiro; Irisanga,
Sao Paulo; Rio Pardo, Matto Grosso), (?)eastern Ecuador (Guala-
quiza), eastern Peru (Chyavetas), Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco),
northern Argentina (in territories of Chaco and Formosa and province
of Santa Fe*), 2 Uruguay (Lazcano).
1 Belcher and Smooker (Ibis, 1934, p. 587) include C. urubitinga in the fauna
of Trinidad on the basis of sight records.
2 The record of C. urubitinga by White (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 624)
from the Sierra de Totoral, Catamarca, probably refers to Coragyps atratus. No
specimen appears to have been preserved.
14 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Field Museum Collection. 19: Colombia (Magdalena, Santa
Marta, 1; Mitu, Rio Vaupes, 1); Venezuela (Encontrados, Zulia, 2;
Piacoa, Amacuro Delta, 1); British Guiana (Rockstone, 1; Kartabo,
1; Georgetown, 1); Brazil (Itacoatiara, Rio Amazonas, 3; Lago do
Baptista, Amazonas, 4; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajos, 1; Piquiatuba,
Para, 1); Paraguay, Chaco (265 km. west of Puerto Casado, 1; 235
km. west on the Riacho Negro, 1).
Genus GYMNOGYPS Lesson
Gymnogyps Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., (2), 6, col. 1037, Dec. 8, 1842
type, by orig. desig., Vultur californianus Shaw.
Pseudogryphus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer.
Bds., 3, p. 337, Jan., 1874 type, by orig. desig., Vultur californianus
Shaw.
*Gymnogyps californianus (Shaw). CALIFORNIA CONDOR.
Vultur californianus Shaw, in Shaw and Nodder, Natur. Misc., 9, text to pi.
301, 1798 California= Monterey, (type in British Museum examined);
Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool, 38, p. 265, 1932 (crit.).
Vultur Columbianus Ord, in Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist., Comm. Grammar
(2nd Amer. ed.), 2, p. 315, 1815 based on Lewis and Clark, Travels
to source of Missouri River, 2, p. 183, No. 4, orig. Amer. ed., 1814.
Cathartes vulturinus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 6, pi. 31, Jan.,
1821 new name for V. californianus Shaw (fig. of type).
Oenops calif orniana Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 28, 1874 Monterey,
California.
Pseudogryphus californianus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist.
N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 338, 1874 (monog.); idem, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5,
p. 82, 1880 (crit.).
Gymnogyps californianus Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 106, 1928
Sierra Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir, Lower California; Peters,
Bds. World, 1, p. 191, 1931 (range); Harris, Condor, 43, p. 3, col. pi.,
1941 (hist. ace. to 1900; bibliog.).
Range. Coast ranges of California (from San Benito County
to Los Angeles County) and northern Lower California (Sierra
Juarez and Sierra San Pedro Martir) ; formerly north through Cali-
fornia to the Columbia River.
Field Museum Collection. 5: California (Monterey, 2; Caplund,
2; San Francisco, 1).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 15
Suborder FALCONES
Superfamily FALCONOIDEA
Family ACCIPITRIDAE. Kites, Hawks, and Allies
Subfamily ELANINAE. White-tailed Kites
Genus ELANUS Savigny
Elanus Savigny, Descr. Egypte, 1, pp. 69, 97, 1809 type, by monotypy,
Elanus caesius Sa.vigny=Falco caeruleus Desfontaines.
*Elanus leucurus majusculus Bangs and Penard. 1 NORTHERN
WHITE-TAILED KITE.
Elanus leucurus majusculus Bangs and Penard, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl.,
7, p. 46, Feb. 19, 1920 San Rafael, California (type in Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 162,
1922 (chars.; range); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 106, 1929
northwestern Lower California; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 193, 1931 (range);
Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 162, 1932 Guatemala; Swann,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 269, 1936 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
167, p. 54, 1937 (life hist.); Hawbecker, Condor, 44, p. 267, 1942 (life hist.).
Falco melanoplerus (not of Daudin) Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
5, p. 28, June, 1825 Florida.
Elanus leucurus (not Milvus leucurus Vieillot) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
25, p. 201, 1857 Jalapa, Mexico; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 220
Guatemala; Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer.
Bds., 3, p. 198, 1874 part, United States and Central America; Sharpe,
Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 339, 1874 part, southern United States and
Central America; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 237, 1881 Mirador
and Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Aves, 3, p. 97, 1901 southern United States, Mexico (Jalapa, Orizaba,
Mirador) and Guatemala; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Altamira,
Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Elanus glaucus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 345 (ex Bartram) ;
Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 5, p. 418, 1879 near Santa
Maria, Rio Grande Valley, Texas.
Elanus axillaris leucurus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 103, 1920 part, southern
United States.
Range. Breeds locally in the southern United States from Cali-
fornia and South Carolina south to northern Lower California,
Texas, and Florida; winters south through Central America to the
Cauca Valley of Colombia.
1 Elanus leucurus majusculus Bangs and Penard : In coloration like the nominate
race, but wing and tail longer and the tail feathers relatively wider. Wing, 315-
325; tail, 170-190.
16 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Field Museum Collection. 14: California (Solano County, 2);
Texas (Brownsville, 5; Corpus Christi, 1); Florida (Caloosahatchee
River, Lee County, 1; Kissimmee River, 1); Colombia, Cauca (El
Tambo, Munchique, 1; Popayan, 3). 1
*Elanus leucurus leucurus (Vieillot). SOUTHERN WHITE-TAILED
KITE.
Milws leucurus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &!., 20, p. "556"=
563, May 30, 1818 based on "Alcon bianco" Azara, No. 36, near San
Ignacio, Santa Rosa, and Bobi, also on the banks of the Paraguay between
Neembucu and Remolinos, etc., Paraguay; d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id.,
Ois., p. 98, 1835 Buenos Aires and Chile.
Falco dispar Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 54, pi. 319 (young), Jan.,
1825 Brazil (type in Paris Museum); Audubon, Orn. Biog., 4, p. 367,
1838 (monog.).
Elanus dispar Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 11, p. 109, 1843 Chile; Des
Murs, in Gay, Hist. Fis. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 233, pi. 2, 1847 Chile;
Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 245, 1868 central provinces, rare in
the south of Chile; Waugh and Lataste, Act. Soc. Sci. Chile, 4, p. Ixxxiv,
1894 Penaflor, Santiago, Chile; Lataste, Proc. Verb. Soc. Linn. Bordeaux,
1923, p. 167 Malleco, Chile; Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 29, p. 142,
1925 San Bernardo, Santiago, Chile.
Elanus leucurus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848,"
p. 735, 1849 savannas; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1),
p. 113, 1855 (descr.; range); Cassin, in Gilliss, U. S. Astr. Exp., 2, p. 175,
1855 Chile; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Milvi, p. 8, 1862 Venezuela
(Caracas) and "Haiti," errore; Pelzeln, Reise Novara, Zool., 1, Vb'gel,
p. 8, 1865 Chile; idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1867 Sao Paulo (Itarare,
Irisanga) and Amazonas (Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco), Brazil;
Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 330, 338 vicinity of Santiago,
Chile; idem and Salvin, I.e., 1869, pp. 160, 252 Conchitas, Buenos Aires,
and Lake of Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd.
Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 65 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes (Feb. 18,
1836); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 339, 1874 part, spec, a-e,
Demerara, Bahia, and Chile; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 88 Baradero,
Buenos Aires; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 559, 1877 Cauquenes,
Colchagua, Chile; Holmberg, Natur. Arg., 1, pp. 56, 95, 1878 Buenos
Aires (Baradero, San Jose 1 de Flores, Zarate) and Salta (Rio de los Horcones,
Rio Las Piedras); Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool.,
p. 50, 1881 Pampa (of Argentina); White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882,
p. 623 Monte Grande, Buenos Aires; Barrow, Auk, 1, p. Ill, 1884
Concepcidn del Uruguay, Entre Rios; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 76 Roraima,
British Guiana; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 470 Lomas de Zamora,
1 The four Colombian specimens have wings measuring 309, 321, 309, 316
and tails of 172, 175, 165 (worn) and 170 mm. They were taken in the months
of June, October and December. It might be that birds from Santa Marta,
Llanos del Meta and northern Venezuela would belong to this race rather than
the southern one.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 17
Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 71, 1889 Argentina
(habits; nidif.); Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Cordoba; Holland,
Ibis, 1892, p. 204 Est. Espartillar, Buenos Aires; Aplin, I.e., 1894,
p. 195 Uruguay; Lane, I.e., 1897, p. 181 Laraquete, Arauco, Chile;
Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 363, 1899 Sao Paulo; Albert, Anal. Univ.
Chile, 108, p. 294, 1901 Chile (monog.); Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos
Aires, 8, p. 205, 1902 Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251,
1904 Salta and Jujuy; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 63,
1905 Tucuman; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 97, 1907 (range);
Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 (not yet recorded from French
Guiana); Hartert and Venturi, I.e., 16, p. 240, 1909 Mocovf, Santa F6,
and Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 248,
1910 (range in Argentina); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 333 Los Yngleses, Aj6,
Buenos Aires; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 196, 1913 La
Pedrita, Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914
"Paraguay"; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 139, 1914 Maraj6
Island (Pacoval, Fazenda Sao Jose" do Teso), Brazil; Reed, Av. Prov.
Mendoza, p. 21, 1916 La Paz, Mendoza; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1,
p. 270, 1916 Roraima and Savannas; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 511 Cape
San Antonio, Buenos Aires (habits); Ambrosetti, El Hornero, 1, p. 290,
1919 Argentina (habits); Tremoleras, I.e., 2, p. 17, 1920 Uruguay
(Minas, Florida, Durazno, Treinta y Tres, Cerro Largo); Daguerre, I.e.,
2, p. 266, 1922 Rosas, Buenos Aires; Seri6 and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 44,
1923 Santa Elena, Entre Rfos; Giacomelli, I.e., 3, p. 77, 1923 La Rioja;
Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 165, 1923 Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Housse, Rev. Chil.
Hist. Nat., 28, p. 48, 1924 Isla La Mocha, Arauco, Chile; Reed, I.e.,
29, p. 190, 1925 Chile (Cerro de Quillota, Teno, Rengo, Camarico,
Machalf, Curacautin, Casa Blanca, Malleco, La Ligua, Cordillera de
Maule); Me'ne'gaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 1925, p. 285 Mistol Paso, Rio
Salado, Santiago del Estero; Wilson, El Hornero, 3, p. 356, 1926 Venado
Tuerto, Santa FC"; Jaffuel and Pirion, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 31, p. 103,
1927 Marga-Marga Valley, Chile; Bullock, I.e., 33, p. 198, 1929 Angol,
Malleco (winter); Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 13 Abary Creek and Blairmont,
British Guiana; Pereyra, El Hornero, 5, p. 215, 1933 Zelaya, Buenos
Aires (nest and eggs); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 19, p. 105, 1935 Corupe"ba,
Bahia; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 396, pi. 1,
fig. 6, pi. 3, fig. 18, 1941.
Elanus axillaris leucurus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 103, 1920 part, South
America; idem, Auk, 38, p. 363, 1921 Nevados, Me"rida, Venezuela.
Elanus leucurus leucurus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 162, 1922 (range); Wetmore,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 104, 1926 Riacho Salado, Chaco, and
Lavalle, Buenos Aires (crit.); Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68,
p. 158, 1927 Concepci6n, Tucuman; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 193,
1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 285,
1932 Valparaiso (Casa Blanca), Colchagua (Rengo), and Talca (Cama-
rico), Chile; Marelli, El Hornero, 5, p. 194, 1933 Dorrego, Buenos
Aires; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 588 Trinidad (Nov. 15;
May 22); Roberts, Trop. Agric., 11, p. 89, 1934 Caroni Swamp, Trinidad
(August 3); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 267, 1936 (monog.); Steullet
18 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 391, 1936 (bibliog.; range
in Argentina); Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 39, p. 21, 1936 Chile
(range and habits); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 61, 1938 Bahia
(Corup6ba), Sao Paulo (Ypiranga), Buenos Aires, and Chile; Dugand,
Caldasia, 1, No. 3, p. 54, 1941 Llanos del Meta and Santa Marta,
Colombia.
Range. Central and southern Chile from Santiago to Cautin;
Paraguay; Uruguay; and northern Argentina south to Mendoza,
Cordoba, and Buenos Aires; recorded also from Brazil (Sao Paulo,
Minas Geraes, Bahia, Marajo Island, and the Rio Branco); British
Guiana; Venezuela (La Pedrita, Orinoco Delta; El Trompillo and
Lake Valencia, Carabobo; Merida); Island of Trinidad (three records
from the months of May, August, and November) 1 and (?) Colombia
(Llanos del Meta and Santa Marta).
Field Museum Collection. 12: Paraguay (195 km. west of Puerto
Casado, 1); Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 7); Chile (Casa
Blanca, Aconcagua, 1; Rengo, Colchagua, 1; Camarico, Talca, 1;
Feno, 1).
Subfamily PERNINAE. Honey Buzzards and
Swallow-tailed Kites
Genus ELANOIDES Vieillot 2
Elanoides Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 24, p. 101, Sept. 5,
1819 type, by subs, desig. (Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 190, Jan., 1874), "Le Milan de la Caroline"=
Falco furcatus Linnaeus=Faico forficatus Linnaeus.
*Elanoi'des forficatus forficatus (Linnaeus). NORTHERN
SWALLOW-TAILED KITE.
Falco forficatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 89, 1758 based on
"Swallow tail'd Hawk" Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carolina, 1, p. 4, pi. 4,
Carolina.
Falco furcatus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 129, 1766 (same basis).
Nauclerus furcatus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 2, Erinnerungsschrift, p. Ixxxiv,
1855 Bahia Honda and Cienaga de Zapata, Cuba; Gundlach, I.e., 19,
p. 370, 1871 Cuba.
1 The Southern White-tailed Kite has definitely been found breeding in
Argentina and Chile. The scattered records from the northern parts of its range
(Colombia, Rio Branco, Guiana, Venezuela, and Trinidad) probably refer to
winter visitants from the south.
2 About osteology and affinity, cf. Sushkin, Zool. Anz., 23, p. 525, 1900.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 19
Nauclerus forficatus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 144
(nomencl.); Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer.
Bds., 3, p. 192, 1874 part, excl. of Central and South America (monog.).
Elanoides furcatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 317, 1874 part, North
America; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 237, 1881 Cacoprieto,
Oaxaca, Mexico.
Elanoides forficatus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 181,
1876 part, United States (monog.); (?)L6nnberg and Rendahl, Ark.
Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 Ecuador (near Gualea, Santo Domingo);
Rapp, Bd. Banding, Boston, 15, p. 156, 1944 northeastern United States.
Elanoides forficatus forficatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 95, 1920 (range);
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 150, 1922 (range); Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl.,
6, p. 48, 1923 Cuba (irregular visitor); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 55, p. 237, 1926 Bucay, Ecuador (Dec. 7); Peters, Bds. World,
1, p. 194, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 161,
1932 Guatemala (transient); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 223, 1934
(monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 44, 1937 (life hist.).
Range. Breeds locally from northern Minnesota, southern
Indiana, and South Carolina to eastern Mexico; winters south of
the United States to western Ecuador (Bucay) and the island of
Cuba, Greater Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 23: Georgia (Richmond County, 1);
Florida (New River, 1; Fort Pierce, 2; Miami, 1; Marco Island, 1;
Maples, 1; Ocklawaha River, 2; Sanford, 1; Lake Kissimmee, 1;
Lake Conlin, 1; Everglades, 2; Turner's River, 1; Palm Beach, 2;
West Jupiter, 1; Kissimmee River, 1; unspecified, 3); Texas (Lee
County, 1).
*Elanoides forficatus yetapa (Vieillot). 1 SOUTHERN SWALLOW-
TAILED KITE.
1 Elanoides forficatus yetapa (Vieillot) is generally distinguishable by having
the scapulars and interscapular region mainly dark bottle or olive green, thus
lacking the purplish tone so prevalent in the majority of North American birds.
However, one specimen from Florida (Old Town) and another from Illinois (Cairo)
are not more purplish than yetapa, while, on the contrary, one from British Guiana
(Demerara) and one from Nanegal, Ecuador (July), have just as much purple
on the scapulars as the average specimen from the United States. Yet the fact
remains that one never finds the most purplish extreme of forficatus anywhere in
South America, though single individuals of the two races may not always be
distinguishable.
Additional material examined. Guatemala: Vera Paz, 1. Nicaragua: San
Rafael del Norte, 1. Panama: Boquete, Chiriquf, 1; Cordillera de Tole', Veraguas,
1; Calpvevora, Veraguas, 1; Lion Hill, 1. Colombia: Concordia, 1; Puerto
Valdivia, 1; Zitaguira, east slope of eastern Andes, 2. Venezuela: Escorial, 1;
Culata, 1; near Me>ida, 1. Ecuador: Andes, 1; Sarayacu, 1; Jima, 1; Nanegal,
1. Dutch Guiana: Maroni River, 1. British Guiana: Bartica, 2; Demerara, 5.
Brazil: Bahia, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 1; Santa F6, Minas Geraes, 1; Parana, 1; Chapada,
Matto Grosso, 1; Serra da Chapada, Matto Grosso, 2.
20 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Milvus yetapa Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 20, p. 564, May 30,
1818 based on "Alcon Cola-tixera" Azara, No. 38, Paraguay.
Falco yetapa Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 141, 1830 Rio de Janeiro
(Cabo Frio, Corral de Battuba), Espirito Santo, and Bahia (Caravellas,
Rio Ilheos) (breeding).
Milvus furcatus (not Falco furcatus Linnaeus) d'Orbigny, Voy. AmeY. Me>id.,
Ois., p. 100, 1836 Moxos and Chiquitos, Bolivia.
Nauclerus furcatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, p. 735,
1849 British Guiana; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 110,
1855 Nova Friburgo and Serra dos Orgaos, Rio de Janeiro; Leotaud,
Ois. Trinidad, p. 30, 1866 Trinidad (visitor); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1,
p. 6, 1867 Sao Paulo (Ypanema, Pirahy, Mattodentro, Varge Grande)
and Para, Brazil; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870,
p. 65 Minas Geraes (Sete Lagoas, Mattodentro); Salvin, Ibis, 1872,
p. 323 Chontales, Nicaragua; Layard, I.e., 1873, p. 394 Para, Brazil;
Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 303 Chamicuros,
Peru; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 283, 1873 Blumenau, Santa
Catharina; Cabanis, I.e., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro;
Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 137, 1884 Chamicuros, Peru; Goeldi, Ibis,
1903, pp. 495, 498 Rio Capim, Para.
Elanoides furcatus Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 220 Cajabon, Guatemala;
Owen, Ibis, 1860, p. 240 Tactic, Guatemala (habits); Salvin, Ibis, 1861,
p. 148 Vera Paz, Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7,
p. 289, 1861 Panama Railroad; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Milvi, p. 5,
1862 Surinam (descr.); Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 158
Cordillera de Tole, Veragua; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
9, p. 132, 1868 Pirris, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369,
1869 Costa Rica (Aguacate, Quebrada Onda, Cervantes); Salvin, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 216 Calovevora, Veraguas; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871,
p. 382 Cachiri, Potreras, and Naranjo, Santander, Colombia; Sharpe,
Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 317, 1874 part, Central and South America;
Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 45 Naranjo, Costa Rica;
Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 541 Concordia and Neche, Colombia;
Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 171, 1885 Arroio Grande
and Linha Piraja, Rio Grande do Sul; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 76 Bartica
Grove, British Guiana; Holmberg, Seg. Censo Rep. Arg., 1, Aves, p. 507,
1898 Misiones, Argentina; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Aves, 3, p. 95, 1901 part, Central and South America; Goodfellow, Ibis,
1902, p. 222 Santa Domingo, Ecuador; Menegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.
Paris, 10, p. 108, 1904 St. Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool., 13, p. 46, 1906 Chaguanas, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 14, p. 29,
1907 Urucurituba, Rio Tapajoz, Brazil; Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 290, 1907
Boruca, Costa Rica; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 23, 1907
Mexiana Island, Brazil; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 22, 1908 Bom
Lugar, Rio Purus, Brazil.
Nauclerus forficatus (not Falco forficatus Linnaeus) Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer,
and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 192, 1874 part, Central and
South America.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 21
Elanoides forficatus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 181,
1876 part, Costa Rica (San Jose 1 ), eastern Peru (head of Huallaga
River), and Brazil (monog.); idem, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 592,
1887 -Segovia River, Honduras; Richmond, I.e., 16, p. 521, 1893 Rio
Escondido, Nicaragua; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 148, 1893
Chapada, Matto Grosso; Chapman, I.e., 6, p. 70, 1894 Trinidad; Phelps,
Auk, 14, p. 366, 1897 San Antonio and Cumanacoa, Bermudez, Vene-
zuela; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 140, 1899 Mundo
Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 360, 1899
Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 163, 1900 Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo,
Rio de Janeiro; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 96, 1907 Sao Paulo, Espirito
Santo, and Santa Catharina (Colonia Hansa); Berlepsch, Nov. Zool.,
15, p. 293, 1908 St. Georges d'Oyapock, French Guiana; Beebe, Zoologica
(N.Y.), 1, p. 81, 1909 Rio Guarapiche" and La Brea, Orinoco Delta,
Venezuela; Ltiderwaldt, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 27, p. 340, 1909 Campo
Itatiaya, Brazil; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 467, 1910 Costa
Rica (Bonilla, El General de Te"rraba, Cariblanco de Sarapiquf, Turrialba,
Guapiles, Juan Vinas); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18,
p. 247, 1910 Misiones; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 413, 1910 S. Isabel,
Rio Preto, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad.
Wiss., 26, (2), pp. 96, 121, 1912 Para, Rio Capim, and Mexiana; Dabbene,
Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 247, 1913; idem, I.e., 1, p. 303, 1914 Santa Ana,
Misiones; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay;
Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 137, 1914 Peixe-Boi, Quati-purti,
Rio Purus (Bom Lugar), and Maranhao; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1,
p. 262, 1916 Demerara River, Bartica, Waini River, and Aremu River;
Menegaux, Rev. Prang. d'Orn., 1918, p. 289 Villa Lutetia, near San
Ignacio, Misiones; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 395,
pi. 3, fig. 13, 1941.
Elanoides forficatus yetapa Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 249,
1917 Noanama, San Antonio, Laguneta, Andalucia, and Florencia,
Colombia (crit.); Dabbene, El Hornero, 2, p. 133, 1920 Marco Paz,
western Buenos Aires; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 95, 1920 Costa Rica
to Paraguay; idem, Auk, 38, p. 363, 1921 Culata, Capas, Escorial,
and "Correfos" [=Conejos], Me'rida, Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip.,
p. 151, 1922 (range; chars.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55,
p. 237, 1926 Ecuador (Punta Santa Ana, Sabanilla, San Jose"); Ken-
nard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 450, 1928 Boquete Trail,
Almirante, Panama; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. Ill,
1930 Rio Roosevelt, Matto Grosso; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 194,
1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 161, 1932
Finca Sepacuite, Guatemala (breeding); Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 84, p. 212, 1932 Eden, Nicaragua (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 72, p. 312, 1932 Obaldia, Panama; Roberts, Trop. Agric.,
11, p. 89, 1934 Trinidad; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 588
Trinidad (no breeding record); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 225, 1934
(monog.); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 297, 1935 Panama;
Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 17, 1935 Uaxactun,
Pet6n, Guatemala; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1,
p. 393, 1936 Argentina (Santa Ana and Villa Lutetia, Misiones; Marco
22 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Paz, Buenos Aires; La Cuesta and Rio San Lorenzo, Jujuy); Pinto, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 22, p. 61, 1938 Amazonas (Jauarete), Sao Paulo (Olympia),
Espirito Santo (Pao Gigante), and Santa Catharina (Colonia Hansa);
idem, I.e., 23, p. 506, 1938 Jauarete, Rio Uaupes, Brazil; Gyldenstolpe,
K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 47, 1945 Puerto Salinas,
El Beni, Bolivia.
Elanoides forficatus forficatus Bertoni, El Hornero, 3, p. 279, 1924 Puerto
Bertoni, Paraguay.
Range. Central America, from Guatemala (breeding records
from Uaxactun, Pete"n, and Finca Sepacuite, Vera Paz) south
through Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Panama, and the greater part
of South America to northern Argentina (Jujuy and Misiones),
Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni), and Rio Grande do Sul; casual in
western Buenos Aires (Marco Paz).
Field Museum Collection. 31: Honduras (Copan, 2); Nicaragua
(San Rafael del Norte, Matagalpa, 2); Costa Rica (Limon, 1);
Panama (Port Obaldia, Darien, 1); Colombia (El Tambo, Munchi-
que, Cauca, 10); Peru (Alto Quimire, Chanchamayo, Junin, 2);
British Guiana (Mazaruni River, 1; unspecified, 2); Brazil (Igarape
Aniba, Amazonas, 4); Paraguay (Capitan Bado, Cerro Amambay,
3; 40 km. west-southwest of the Cerro Amambay, 3).
Genus LEPTODON Sundevall
Cymindis (not of Latreille, 1806) (Cuvier MS.) Dumont, Diet. Sci. Nat., 1,
Suppl., p. 89, 1816 type, by monotypy, "petit autour de Cayenne,
Buffon, PI. Enl., pi. 473, falco cayannensis Gmel."
Leptodon 1 Sundevall, Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. for 1835, p. 114, 1836 type, by
monotypy, "Falco cayanensis et palliatus auct."
Odontriorchis Kaup, Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 124, 1844 type, by monotypy,
"cayennensis"=Falco cayennensis Gmelin, p. 269.
Micraetus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 156, Jan., 1901 type,
by monotypy, Micraetus holmbergianus Bertoni =Falco palliatus Temminck.
*Leptodon cayanensis (Latham). CAYENNE KITE.
Falco cayennensis (not of Gmelin, p. 263) Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 269,
1788 based on "Cayenne Falcon" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 59,
1 It has been claimed that Leptodon was previously used by Rafinesque for
some genus of mollusks, but such is not the case. Rafinesque (Ann. Gen. Sci.
Phys., 5, p. 295, Sept., 1820) created for the species Unio leplodon the subgenus
Leptodea, which, of course, does not prevent the further use of Sundevall's term
for the Cayenne Kite. It appears that nobody except Sherborn (Ind. Anim.,
sect, sec., p. 3500), who gives the correct spelling of Rafinesque's name, ever
consulted the original reference. Authors evidently relied on Scudder (Nomencl.
Zool., Supplem. List, p. 185, 1882), in whose work the name is misquoted as
"Leptodon."
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 23
which, in its turn, rests on "petit autour de Cayenne" Daubenton [Buffon],
PI. Enl., pi. 473, Cayenne; Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 13, pi. 8c,
1824 Bahia, Brazil.
Falco cayanensis Latham, 1 Ind. Orn., 1, p. 28, 1790 same basis.
Asturina cyanopus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 3, p. 41, 1816
based on Falco cayanensis Latham and "petit autour de Cayenne" Dau-
benton, PI. Enl., pi. 473.
Sparvius monachus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 10, p. 341, 1817
"Br6sil" (descr. of immature; type in coll. of C. J. Temminck).
Falco palliatus (Wied MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 35, pi. 204
(=immature bird), June 20, 1823 "Bresil et Guiane"=Rio Peruhype,
near Vigosa, southern Bahia, Brazil 2 (type in the Leyden Museum; cf.
Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Pernes, p. 10, No. 7, 1862); Wied, Beitr. Naturg.
Bras., 3, (1), p. 148, 1830 Rio Peruhype, Bahia, Brazil. 3
Cymindis buteonides Lesson, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 55, Feb., 1830 new
name for Falco palliatus Temminck, PI. Col., pi. 204.
Cymindis cayennensis Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool., 4, col. 2, pi. 22, 1834 (crit.);
Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, p. 52, 1859 San Pedro Mountains,
Honduras; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 219 Honduras; Lawrence,
Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 317, 1861 Panama Railroad; idem,
l.c., 9, p. 134, 1868 Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica; Sclater and Salvin,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 629 San Esteban, Venezuela; Frantzius,
Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869 Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1870, p. 216 Bugaba, Chiriquf; Finsch, I.e., p. 556 Trinidad; Sclater
and Salvin, I.e., p. 838 Honduras; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 303 upper
Ucayali, Peru.
Pernis cayanensis Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 346 South America (descr.).
Odontriorchis cayanensis Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3,
"1848," p. 736, 1849 forests of British Guiana.
Cymindis cajanensis Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 107, 1855
Bahia.
Cymindis cayanensis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 289, 1860
Babahoyo, Ecuador; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Pernes, p. 9, 1862
Cayenne, Brazil, and Venezuela (Caracas); Le"otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 34,
1866 Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 198
upper Ucayali, Peru; iidem, I.e., 1867, p. 590 Amazonas; Pelzeln, Orn.
Bras., 1, p. 5, 1868 Mattodentro, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Reinhardt, Vidensk.
Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 66 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes.
Leptodon cayennensis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 333, 1874 (monog.);
Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 153, 1876
1 There is no reason under the Rules to reject Latham's term cayanensis,
which has priority over A. cyanopus, S. monachus, and Falco palliatus.
1 Cf. Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 456 (footnote 4),
1929.
3 The type, described and figured by Temminck, is in the Leyden Museum.
A cotype is in the American Museum of Natural History (cf. Griscom, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 72, p. 312, 1932), although Allen (Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 268,
1889) failed to find it.
24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Mexico (Mirador; Tehuantepec), Costa Rica (Old Harbor; Talamanca),
and Amazonia (monog.); Gurney, Ibis, 1880, p. 322 (crit.; plumages);
Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 237, 1881 Mexico (Tlacotalpam,
Santa Efigenia, Cacoprieto, and Tapanatepec, Oaxaca); Boucard, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 457 Izalam, Yucatan; Salvin, Ibis, 1886,
p. 77 Roraima; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 126, 1887
Pozo Azul de Pirris and Pirris de Cartago, Costa Rica; Riker and Chap-
man, Auk, 7, p. 161, 1891 Santarem, Brazil; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 5, p. 148, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Chapman, I.e., 6, p. 71,
1894 Princestown, Trinidad; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10,
No. 208, p. 20, 1895 Colonia Risso, Paraguay; Ihering, Ann. Est.
Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 141, 1899 Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul;
idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 362, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 163,
1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Aves, 3, p. 100, 1901 Mexico (Tampico; Jalapa; Tonala, Chiapas,
etc.), British Honduras (Orange Walk, Cayo), Guatemala (Escuintla),
Honduras, Nicaragua (San Emilio), Costa Rica, and Panama; Berlepsch
and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 114, 1902 Caicara, Rio Orinoco; Hartert,
l.c., p. 605, 1902 Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas, Ecuador; Ihering, Cat. Faun.
Braz., 1, p. 97, 1907 Sao Paulo (Ubatuba, Crystaes, Franca), Espirito
Santo, Parana (Ourinho), and Santa Catharina (Colonia Hansa); Bangs,
Auk, 24, p. 290, 1907 Pozo del Rio Grande, Costa Rica; Berlepsch, Nov.
Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 Cayenne; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 468,
1910 Pozo Azul de Pirris and Boruca, Costa Rica; Reiser, Denks. Math.-
Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 90, 1910 Pedrinha, Buriti, and Santa
Philomena, Piauhy; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 248,
1910 Chaco; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 346, 1916
Caicara, Orinoco.
Odontriorchis cayennensis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo,
Rio de Janeiro; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 - Alto Parana, Paraguay.
Cymindis cayenensis Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 42, 1876 Santa
Efigenia, Tehuantepec, Mexico.
Regerrhinus cayennensis Taczanowski, Orn. Pe"r., 1, p. 144, 1884 upper
Ucayali, Peru.
Leptodon cayanensis Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 131, 1900 Masinga,
Colombia.
Micraetus holmbergianus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 156, Jan.,
1901 Alto Parana, Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de W. Bertoni).
Leptodon palliatus Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1204 Tado,
Pacific Colombia; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss.,
26, (2), pp. 77, 96, 1912 Rio Acard, Para; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi,
8, p. 138, 1914 Para, Marajo (Sao Natal), and Maranhao; Dabbene,
Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 291, 1916 Loreto, Misiones; Chapman, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 250, 1917 Baudo, Colombia; Swann, Syn.
List Accip., p. 101, 1920 (range); Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 311, 1924
Gatun, Panama; Dabbene, El Hornero, 3, p. 394, 1926 Santa Ana,
Misiones.
Chondrohierax palliatus Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 268, 1916 upper
Takutu Mountains, Bonasica River, and Roraima.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 25
Odonlriorchis pallialus Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 144,
1922 Bonda and Cinto, Santa Marta, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 55, p. 238, 1926 Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 199,
1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 162, 1932 Hacienda
California, Guatemala; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 312, 1932
Perme" and Obaldia, Panama; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 589
Trinidad; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 298, 1935 Panama;
Aldrich, Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus. N. H., 7, p. 42, 1937 Paracote",
Azuero Peninsula, Panama; Davidson, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 23,
p. 256, 1938 Barriles and near San Felix, Chiriquf, Panama; Dugand,
Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 396, pi. 3, fig. 14, 1941 Co-
lombia.
Odontriorchis palliatus palliatus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 158, 1922 Brazil
and Bolivia (chars.); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12,
p. 456, 1929 Buritf and Parnagua, Piauhy; Naumburg, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 60, p. 112, 1930 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Swann, Monog.
Bds. Prey, 2, p. 256, 1934 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine.
Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 394, 1936 Chaco and Misiones (bibliog.).
Odontriorchis palliatus guianensis Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 3, p. 159, Feb. 16,
1922 near Paramaribo, Surinam (type in Tring Collection, now in the
American Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 2, p. 257, 1936 Surinam, Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad, Ecuador,
and Brazil north of the Amazon.
Odontriorchis palliatus mexicanus Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 3, p. 159, Feb. 16,
1922 Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico (type in British Museum examined) ;
idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 258, 1936 Mexico to Panama; Brodkorb,
Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 55, p. 26, 1943 (distinct race).
Range. Tropical Mexico, from Tamaulipas and Oaxaca south
through Central America to Colombia and western Ecuador (Baba-
hoyo) and east of the Andes through the whole of South America
(including the Island of Trinidad) to Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay,
and northern Argentina (Chaco and Misiones). 1
Field Museum Collection. 15: Mexico (Tampico, Tamaulipas, 1;
Tutla, Oaxaca, 1); El Salvador (Hacienda Zapotitan, La Libertad,
1 The color-differences used by Swann for the attempted subdivision of this
kite do not exist at all. There is, however, the possibility that the birds from
southern Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia may be separable on account of their
larger size (wing of adult males, 330-345, of females, 360-362). Specimens from
southern Mexico and Central America (mexicanus) are absolutely the same as
those from Guiana (cayanensis= guianensis). If two forms be admitted, the large
race of southern Brazil will have to be called L. c. monachus. Vieillot's specific
term evidently refers to a bird in the same plumage as the one that was subse-
quently described and figured by Temminck as F. palliatus.
Specimens in fully adult plumage have been examined from the following
localities: Tampico, Tamaulipas, 2; Jalapa, Vera Cruz, 2; Tonala, Chiapas, 1;
Izalam, Yucatan, 1 ; Escuintla, Guatemala, 1 ; Orange Walk, British Honduras, 1 ;
San Emilio, Nicaragua, 1; Miravalles, Costa Rica, 1; Sarayacu, Ecuador, 1;
Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, 1; Caparo, Trinidad, 1; Mountains of the Moon,
British Guiana, 1; Cayenne, 1; Para, 1; Buritl, Piauhy, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 1;
Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 3; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 2; Chapada, Matto Grosso, 2.
26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
1); Colombia (Rio Jurado, Choco, 1; Morelia, Caqueta, 1); British
Guiana (Coverden, 1); Brazil (Canutama, Rio Purus, 1; Lago Bap-
tista, Rio Amazonas, 3; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 1; Caxiricatuba,
Rio Tapajoz, 2; Rio Sao Miguel, Goyaz, 1); Bolivia (Rio Surutu,
Santa Cruz, 1).
Leptodon forbesi (Swann). 1 FORBES'S KITE.
Odontriorchis forbesi Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 3, p. 159, Feb. 16, 1922
Pernambuco, Brazil (type in British Museum examined); Peters, Bds.
World, 1, p. 199, 1931 Pernambuco; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2,
p. 258, 1936 (monog.).
Range. Eastern Brazil (State of Pernambuco).
Genus CHONDROHIERAX Lesson
Chondrohierax Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., lOe ann., No. 3, col. 61, Jan. 12,
1843 type, by monotypy, Chondrohierax erythrofrons Lesson =Falco un-
cinatus Temminck.
Regerhinus Kaup, Mus. Senckenb., 3, p. 262, 1845 type, by orig. desig. and
monotypy, [Falco] uncinatus "Illiger."
*Chondrohierax uncinatus aquilonis Friedmann. 2 MEXICAN
HOOK-BILLED KITE.
Chondrohierax uncinatus aquilonis Friedmann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24,
p. 314, July 15, 1934 Tamaulipas, Mexico (type in Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.).
1 Leptodon forbesi (Swann) differs from the adult plumage of L. cayanensis
very strikingly by having the axillaries and under wing coverts pure white instead
of mostly black; the pileum deep gull gray passing into white on forehead and
hindneck (instead of uniform slate gray from base of bill to nape); the sides of
the neck white instead of slate gray; by the presence of grayish white apical spots
to scapulars and mantle, and of grayish white apical edges to the remiges, these
markings increasing in width towards the secondaries; and by the tail being crossed
by a single light-colored band, about 60 to 70 mm. in width, nearly white in color,
though shaded with smoke gray here and there and freckled all over with minute
dusky markings. Besides, the rectrices are much more broadly tipped with white,
this apical band being again streaked and freckled with dusky. In L. cayanensis,
it will be recalled, there are two separate slate gray cross bands from 15 to 25
mm. in width. The third (basal) gray tail band under the upper tail coverts,
more or less present in all specimens of L. cayanensis, is likewise well developed
in the type of L. forbesi. Wing, 330; tail, 235.
The unique type, which was secured by W. A. Forbes in the State of Pernam-
buco, is a bird in very fresh plumage just finishing its molt. The presence of an
old worn primary (umber brown with ochraceous apical edge) on both wings and
of some dusky brown feathers on the rump suggests its immaturity. While the
specimen looks rather different from the ordinary run of L. cayanensis, further
material is needed to establish the taxonomic status of L. forbesi beyond doubt.
2 Chondrohierax uncinatus aquilonis Friedmann: "Males very much darker,
especially on the under parts, than uncinatus, blackish plumbeous instead of deep
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 27
Range. Central parts of Mexico, in states of Tamaulipas (Tam-
pico), Guanajuato, Vera Cruz (Jalapa), Jalisco, and Michoacan.
Field Museum Collection. 1: Mexico (Apatzingan, Michoacan, 1).
*Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus (Temminck). HOOK-
BILLED KITE.
Falco uncinatus (Illiger MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 18, pis.
103, 104 (males), Jan., 1822, livr. 20, pi. 115 (female), March, 1822
"depuis les environs de Rio-de-Janeiro jusque vers le nord du Bresil, et
dans toute la Guiane" (cotypes, from Brazil, 1 in the Leyden Museum;
cf. Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Pernes, p. 8 [Nos. 1, 2, 5], 1862); Wied,
Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 172, 1830 Rio de Janeiro and Bahia.
Falco vitticaudus Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 178, 1830 Rio de
Janeiro and Bahia, Brazil (descr. of young; type now in the American
Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Leptodon unicinctus [lapsu]
Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 268, 1889).
Cymindis cuculo'ides Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classif. Bds., 2, p. 209, July 1,
1837 based on Falco uncinatus Temminck, PL Col., pis. 103, 104.
Daedalian erythrofrons Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., 9e ann., 2e s6m., No. 45,
col. 1061, Dec. 11, 1842 San Carlos, El Salvador (descr. of young;
type in coll. of R. P. Lesson).
Pernis uncinatus Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 344 (monog.).
Regerhinus uncinatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3,
"1845," p. 736, 1849 savannas of British Guiana; Ridgway, Bull. U. S.
Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr., 2, (2), p. 156, 1876 (monog.); Lawrence, Bull.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 43, 1876 Chihuitan and Santa Efigenia, Tehuan-
tepec, Mexico; Gurney, Ibis, 1880, p. 313 (crit.; plumages); Nutting, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 403, 1882 La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica;
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 102, 1901 Mexico
(Buctzotz, Yucatan), Guatemala, Costa Rica (San Jose^ Naranjo, La
Palma, Barranca), Panama (Lion Hill), etc.; Berlepsch and Stolzmann,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 43 Garita del Sol, Junin, Peru;
Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 3, p. 21, 1902 Boquete, Chiriquf;
Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 Cayenne.
plumbeous, the white ventral bars broader; females similar to the darker, barred,
brown 'phase' of uncinatus (the ventral bars russet or amber brown). Wing,
279-300, (females) 275-300; tail, 186-210, (females) 191-214; culmen from cere,
29-33 Yz, (females) 30^-33." (Friedmann, I.e.)
Specimens from Chiapas (Tonala) and Oaxaca (Cacoprieto), Mexico, are
inseparable from South American birds. C.E.H.
Our one specimen of this form is darker than a series from Yucatan, but the
ventral bars are narrower. B.C.
1 As all the three specimens described and figured by Temminck came from
Brazil, Friedmann's action (Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24, p. 317, 1934) in designat-
ing the vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam, as type locality, is inadmissible. We,
accordingly, suggest as such Bahia, eastern Brazil, one of the localities of Wied,
who supplied Temminck with the bird figured on pi. 103.
28 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Cymindis uncinatus Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 108, 1855
Brazil (descr.); Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 219 Guatemala; Schle-
gel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Pernes, p. 8, 1862 Brazil, Venezuela (Caracas),
and Surinam; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 369
Panama Railroad; Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 36, 1866 Trinidad; Pelzeln,
Orn. Bras., 1, p. 5, 1868 Sapitiba (Rio de Janeiro), Goyabeira, Cuyaba
(Matto Grosso), Sangrador (Matto Grosso), and below Serra Carauman
(Rio Branco), Brazil; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 134,
1868 San Jos6, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869
Costa Rica; Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 557 Trinidad;
Sharpe, I.e., 1873, p. 419 (plumages); Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p.
541 Medellin, Colombia.
Regerhinus (Cymindis) megarhynchus (Kaup MS.) Des Murs, in Castelnau,
Exp6d. Amer. Sud, Ois., livr. 17, p. 9, pi. 1, June 30, 1856 Sarayacu,
lower Ucayali, Peru (type in Paris Museum examined).
Cymindis pucherani Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 40, 1866 Trinidad (descr. of
melanistic male; type in coll. of A. L6otaud, destroyed by fire); Finsch,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 557 (crit.).
Cymindis boliviensis Burmeister, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 633, pub.
Mar., 1869 Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia (descr. of melanistic male;
type in Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Buenos Aires).
Cymindis vitticaudus Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1868 Cuyaba, Matto Grosso
(spec, examined ;= melanistic male).
Leptodon megarhynchus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 332, 1874 Peru.
Regerhinus megarhynchus Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 550
Amable Maria and Soriano, Peru (plumages); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol.
Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, (2), p. 160, 1876 (ex Sharpe); Gurney, Ibis, 1880,
p. 318 Peru, Bahia, and Tehuantepec (crit.); Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>.,
1, p. 141, 1884 Peru (Amable Maria, Guajango); Salvin and Godman,
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 1, p. 102, 1901 Mexico, etc.
Leptodon uncinatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 330, 1874 (monog.);
Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 45 Naranjo, Costa Rica;
Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 1, p. 237, 1881 Mexico (Uvero, Cosamaloa-
pam, Chihuitan, Santa Efigenia, Cacoprieto, Tonala); Salvin, Ibis, 1886,
p. 77 Camacusa, British Guiana; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5,
p. 148, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 501,
1898 Paramba, Ecuador; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 131,
1900 Bonda, Colombia; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 362, 1899
IguapS, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 6, p. 450, 1905 Rio Jurua, Brazil; Ber-
lepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 99, 1906 Echarate, near Santa Ana,
Urubamba, Peru; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 97, 1907 Sao Paulo
(Piquete, Iguape), Espirito Santo, and Rio Jurua; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool.,
17, p. 413, 1910 Calama, Rio Madeira; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw.
Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 100, 1910 Miritiba, Maranhao; Carriker,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 468, 1910 Juan Vinas, Costa Rica; Stone,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 196, 1913 Cariaquito, Venezuela;
Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 345, 1916 Caicara, Orinoco
River, Venezuela; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 249, 1917
Rio Frio, Colombia.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 29
Cymindis megarhynchus Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 242
Guajango, Peru.
Leptodon megarhynchus Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905
Tafi Viejo, Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18,
p. 248, 1910 Tafi Viejo.
Regerinus uncinatus Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 145,
1905 Saboga Island, Pearl Archipelago; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 371, 1913
Camp Mengel, Quintana Roo; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4, p. 28,
1920 Pedro Gonzalez Island, Pearl Archipelago.
Chondrohierax uncinatus Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 267, 1916 Cama-
cusa; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 39, 1918 vicinity
of Paramaribo, Surinam; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 157, 1922 (chars.; range);
Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 60, 1921 Idma, Urubamba,
Peru; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 near
Gualea, Ecuador; Dabbene, El Hornero, 3, p. 394, 1926 La Estrella
de Cartago, Costa Rica (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55,
p. 238, 1926 Esmeraldas and Chone, Ecuador; Hellmayr, Field Mus.
Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 454, 1929 Miritiba, Maranhao; Naumburg,
Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 112, 1930 Fort Wheeler, Paraguay, and
Urucum, Matto Grosso; Griscom, I.e., 64, p. 162, 1932 Hacienda Cali-
fornia, Guatemala; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 200, 1931 (range, excl.
Island of Grenada); Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
86, p. 371, 1934 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; Belcher and Smooker,
Ibis, 1934, p. 589 Trinidad; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 252, 1934
(monog.); Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 17,
1935 Uaxactun, Pet6n, Guatemala; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul, 20, p. 53,
1936 Fazienda Formiga, Rio das Almas, Goyaz; Dugand, Rev. Acad.
Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 396, pi. 3, figs. 15 and 19, 1941 Colombia.
Chondrohierax uncinatus megarhynchus Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 445,
1918 Bellavista, Peru (crit.; meas.).
Regerhinus uncinatus uncinatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 100, 1920 (chars.;
range); idem, Auk, 38, p. 363, 1921 Escorial, Me>ida.
Regerhinus uncinatus megarhynchus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 100, 1920
eastern Peru (crit.).
Chondrohierax megarhynchus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 157, 1922 (range; chars.);
Dabbene, El Hornero, 3, p. 391, 1926 Tafi Viejo and Conception,
Tucuman (plumages; meas.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 200, 1931 (range);
Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 254, 1934 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier,
Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 395, 1936 San Lorenzo, Jujuy (crit.).
Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
14, p. 143, 1922 Bonda, Mamatoco, and Chirua, Santa Marta, Colombia;
Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 365, 1931 Rio Frio,
Magdalena, Colombia; Griscom, I.e., 78, p. 298, 1935 Panama; Fried-
mann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24, p. 311, 1934 (plumages); Traylor,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 202, 1941 Campeche (Mata-
moros), Yucatan (Chichen Itza); Dugand, Caldasia, 1, No. 3, p. 55,
1941 Guajira, Colombia; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad.
Handl., (3), 23, p. 47, 1945 Reyes, El Beni, Bolivia (disc.).
30 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Chondrohierax uncinatus immanis Friedmann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24,
p. 315, July 15, 1934 Ambato, eastern Ecuador (type in Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
92, p. 61, 1943 (note on type).
Range. Southern Mexico (in states of Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chia-
pas, Campeche and Yucatan) and south through Central and South
America (including the Island of Trinidad) to southern Brazil,
Paraguay, and northern Argentina (Tucuman). 1
Field Museum Collection. 18: Mexico (Matamoros, Campeche,
1; Chichen Itza, Yucatan, 7); Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte,
Matagalpa, 1); Colombia (El Tambo, Munchique, Cauca, 3);
Ecuador (Lalaya, Pichincha, 1; Lanibarondon, Guayas, 1); Vene-
zuela (Lake Valencia, Carabobo, 2; Orope, Tachira, 1); Brazil
(Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, 1).
*Chondrohierax uncinatus mirus Friedmann. 2 GRENADA HOOK-
BILLED KITE.
Chondrohierax uncinatus mirus Friedmann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24, No.
7, p. 313, July 15, 1934 Morne Rouge, Grenada (type in the American
Museum of Natural History, New York).
1 Friedmann has fully discussed the complicated plumages of this species, and
a careful study of sixty specimens from the greater part of its range tends to
corroborate his conclusions. There can be no doubt whatever that C. pucherani
and C. boliviensis were based upon the melanistic variety of the adult male, and
the bird from Cuyaba listed by Pelzeln s.n. C. vitticaudus is likewise an individual
of this mutation. In the so-called C. megarhynchus, with huge, powerful bill,
we cannot see anything but an individual variation which has no geographical
significance, since these individuals not only spring up throughout the range (we
have examined specimens from Tonala, Chiapas; Cacoprieto, Oaxaca; Sierra of
Me"rida and Tachira, Venezuela; Sarayacu, eastern Peru; Bahia, Brazil!), but are
connected by intermediates with the normal small-billed uncinatus. We are, how-
ever, quite unable to follow Friedmann's reasoning in rejecting Des Murs's term.
If there were an Upper Amazonian form, its name would be megarhynchus, with
immanis as an absolute synonym, both names being based on large-billed in-
dividuals from the same faunal area. We find, however, that there is no means of
distinguishing such a local race, since equally large birds with even more powerful
bills occur in southern Mexico (Cacoprieto, Tehuantepec, and Tonala, Chiapas),
two males from that region having wings of 310 to 315, and bills of 46 to 50 mm.
Additional material examined. Mexico: Tonala, Chiapas, 4; Cacoprieto,
Oaxaca, 2; Buctzotz, Yucatan, 1; northern Yucatan, 2. Nicaragua: San Emilio,
5; Rio Grande, 1; Managua, 1. Costa Rica: Barranca, 1. Panama: Veraguas, 1;
unspecified, 2. Colombia: Anolaima, 1; Medellin, 1. Ecuador: Paramba, 1.
Peru: Sarayacu, lower Ucayali, 1; Garita del Sol, Junm, 1; Echarate, Urubamba, 1;
eastern Peru, 3. Venezuela: Montana, Sierra of Me"rida, 2. British Guiana:
Demerara, 1; Camacusa, 1; unspecified, 1. Trinidad: unspecified, 2. Brazil:
Serra Carauman, Rio Branco, 1; Para, 1; Miritiba, Maranhao, 2; Bahia, 7; Ponte
do Rio Guapore, Matto Grosso, 1; Cuyab&, Matto Grosso, 2; Rio de Janeiro, 2;
Colonia Alpina, Rio de Janeiro, 1; unspecified, 6. Paraguay: Villa Rica, 2.
* Chondrohierax uncinatus mirus Friedmann: Male similar to the cinnamon-
barred variety of the gray phase of C. u. uncinatus, but smaller, and with cinna-
mon-buff to ochraceous-buff, nuchal collar well-developed, and the barring on the
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 31
Regerhinus uncinatus (not Falco uncinalus Temminck) Cory, Auk, 4, p. 48,
1887 Grenada; Wells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 622, 1889 Morne
Rouge, Grenada (crit.); Cory, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892 Grenada;
Clark, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32, pp. 243, 305, 1905 Grenada.
Chondrohierax uncinatus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 200, 1931 part, Grenada.
Range. Island of Grenada, Lesser Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 3: Lesser Antilles (Island of Grenada,
3).
*Chondrohierax wilsonii (Cassin). WILSON'S KITE.
Cymindis wllsonii(i) Cassin, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., (n.s.), 1, p. 21,
pi. 7, 1847 near Gibara, Cuba (type in the Academy of Natural Sciences,
Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 51, p. 31, 1899);
Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 257, 1860 Cuba.
Regerhinus uncinatus (not Falco uncinatus Temminck) Gundlach, Journ. Orn.,
2, Erinnerungsschr. 8. Jahresvers. Deuts. Orn. Ges. Gotha, p. Ixxx, 1855
Cuba (descr.).
Regerhinus wilsonii Gundlach, in Poey, Repert. Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 222,
1865 Cuba; idem, Journ. Orn., 19, p. 360, 1871 Guantanamo, Rio
Cauto, and Cienfuegos, Cuba (plumages; habits); Ridgway, Bull. U. S.
Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, (2), p. 159, 1876 Cuba (monog.); Cory,
Auk, 4, p. 47, 1887 Cuba (descr.); idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892
Cuba.
Leptodon wilsoni Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 333, 1874 Cuba.
Regerhinus uncinatus wilsoni Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 100, 1920 Cuba.
Chondrohierax wilsoni Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 158, 1922 Cuba (chars.);
Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 47, 1923 eastern Cuba; Peters,
Bds. World, 1, p. 200, 1931 Cuba; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 255,
1934 Cuba.
Range. Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 2: Cuba (Guantanamo, Santa Clara,
2).
under parts ochraceous-tawny to tawny, with little or no grayish edgings to the
bars; female differing from the brown phase of C. u. uncinatus by deep fuscous
pileum, ochraceous nuchal collar, more tawny barring of the under parts, and
tawny edges to the dorsal plumage (Friedmann, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24,
No. 7, p. 313). Wing, 250, (female) 262-264; tail, 165, (female) 179-183.
The only additional specimen seen, an adult bird marked "male" by the
collector, D. W. Smith, closely resembles the gray phase of the female of uncinatus,
but lacks all trace of the rufous nuchal collar. Size very small: wing, 250; tail,
170. It agrees very well with the description by Lawrence in Wells's paper, of
an adult male from Morne Rouge.
C. u. mirus is evidently a well-marked race, although its plumages remain
to be determined by a good series of properly sexed specimens.
32 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Subfamily MILVINAE. True Kites
Genus HARPAGUS Vigors 1
Harpagus Vigors, 2 Zool. Journ., 1, p. 338, October, 1824 type, by subs,
desig. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., p. 4, 1840), Falco bidentatus Latham.
Bidens Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 15, 1824 type, by subs, desig.
(Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 360, 1874), Falco bidentatus Latham.
Diodon Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 95, May, 1830 type, by monotypy,
Diodon brasiliensis Lesson.
Diplodon Nitzsch, Syst. Pterylog., p. 93, 1840 type, by virtual monotypy,
Falco bidentatus Latham.
*Harpagus diodon (Temminck) . RUFOUS-THIGHED HAWK.
Falco diodon Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 34, pi. 198 (adult), May,
1823 Brazil 3 (location of type unknown); 4 Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras.,
3, (1), p. 138, 1831 Villa Vigoza, Rio Peruhype, Bahia; Schlegel, Mus.
Pays-Bas, Fal cones, p. 34, 1862 Cayenne and Brazil (descr.).
Bidens cinerascens (femoralis) Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 15, 1824
Minas Geraes and Rio de Janeiro (type in Munich Museum; cf. Hellmayr,
Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, (3), p. 572, 1906).
Bidens femoralis Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, pi. 8, 1824 (fig. of adult).
Diodon brasiliensis Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 95, May, 1830 part,
descr. of "male," Brazil (type in Paris Museum).
Harpagus diodon Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 102, 1855
Brazil (descr.); Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 29, 1857
Cayenne; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, pp. 630, 635, 1863
Rio Branco and Ypanema, Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 5,
1867 Rio Branco and Ypanema, Sao Paulo; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd.
Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 67 Minas Geraes (ex Spix); Cabanis, Journ.
Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Sharpe, Cat. Bds.
Brit. Mus., 1, p. 361, 1874 Bahia; Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 2, p. 82,
1876 Santar6m, Brazil; Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 119 British Guiana
(plumages); Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 172, 1885
Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 161,
1891 Diamantina (near Santarem), Rio Tapajoz, Para; Ihering, Ann.
Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 141, 1899 Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do
Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 364, 1899 Santo Amaro, Sao Paulo;
^According to Miller (Condor, 39, pp. 219-221, 1937), skeletal characters
of this form reveal its close kinship to Accipiter.
2 In the absence of information about the actual date of publication of Spix's
work, we have preserved the generic name Harpagus, in agreement with general
custom.
3 We may accept Villa Vigoza, Rio Peruhype, southern Bahia, as type locality,
since Wied is mentioned by Temminck as discoverer of the species.
4 It is not listed by Schlegel (Mus. Pays-Bas, Falcones, p. 34) among the
specimens in the Leiden Museum.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 33
idem, I.e., 4, p. 163, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Goeldi, Ibis, 1903,
p. 497 Rio Capim, Para; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 98, 1907
Santo Amaro, Sao Paulo; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908
Cayenne; Lillo, Apunt. Hist. Nat., 1, p. 22, 1909 Ledesma, Jujuy;
Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat., 18, pp. 248, 415, 1910 Jujuy
(Ledesma), Misiones (Santa Ana), and Paraguay (Alto Parana); Hellmayr,
Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, (2), pp. 77, 96, 1912
Par and Rio Capim, Para; Bertoni, Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 80,
1913 Iguazu, Misiones; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 304, 1914
(range in Argentina); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 139, 1914
Para; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Swann,
Syn. List Accip., p. 105, 1920 Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Syn.
Accip., p. 165, 1922 (range); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat.,
5, p. 123, 1926 Rio Claro, Serra da Esperanca, Parana; Peters, Bds.
World, I, p. 201, 1931 (range); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 280,
1936 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1,
p. 399, 1936 Jujuy and Misiones; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 64,
1938 Sao Paulo (Santo Amaro) and Minas Geraes (Theophilo Ottoni).
Gampsonyx ranivorus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., (1), 1, p. 165, Jan., 1901
Alto Parana, lat. 25 40', Paraguay (type in coll. of A. W. de Bertoni).
Range. British Guiana (one record), French Guiana (Cayenne),
and eastern Brazil, from the Rio Branco and the Rio Purus, through
Para (Para; Rio Capim; Santare*m, Rio Tapajoz) and the eastern
states south to Rio Grande do Sul and the adjacent districts of
Argentina (Misiones) and Paraguay (Alto Parana); also recorded
from northwestern Argentina (Ledesma, Jujuy). 1
Field Museum Collection. 10: Brazil (Obidos, Rio Amazonas, 1;
Itacoatiara, Rio Amazonas, 4; Labrea, Rio Purus, 1; Monte Alegre,
Para, 2; Piquiatuba, Rio Tapajoz, 1; Blumenau, Santa Catharina, 1).
*Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus (Latham). 2 DOUBLE-TOOTHED
HAWK.
Falco bidentatus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 38, 1790 based on "Notched
Falcon" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., 1, p. 34, Cayenne; Temminck,
Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 7, pis. 38 (adult), 228 (young), Feb., 1821
Brazil and Guiana; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 132, 1830
Villa Vicoza, Rio Peruhype, Bahia; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Fal cones,
p. 35, 1862 Brazil and Cayenne (crit.).
Bidens rufiventer Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 14, pi. 6 (=adult), 1824
"ad flumen Amazonum" (type in Munich Museum; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl.
Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, (3), p. 572, 1906).
1 Additional material examined. Brazil: Para, 2; Bahia, 9; Rio de Janeiro, 5;
Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 2.
2 This bird evidently is specifically distinct from H. diodon, both occurring
side by side, at least locally, in Guiana and in Brazil from Par& to Bahia. We
have examined specimens of both from Bahia.
34 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Bidens albiventer Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 14, pi. 7 (young), 1824
"ad flumen Amazonum" (type lost; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys.
Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, (3), p. 572, 1906).
Diodon brasiliensis Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 95, May, 1830 part,
descr. of young and female, Brazil and Cayenne.
Diodon bidentatus d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., Ois., p. 122, 1836 Santo
Corazon, Chiquitos, Bolivia.
Harpagus rufipes Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class. Bds., 2, p. 213, 1837 based
on Falco bidentatus Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., pis. 38, 228.
Harpagus bidentatus Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 107, 1846 wood region
of Peru; Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p.
734, 1849 wooded parts; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1),
p. 100, 1855 Brazil; Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, pp. 630,
635, 1863 (soft parts); Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 28, 1866 Trinidad;
Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 198 upper Ucayali,
Peru; iidem, I.e., 1867, pp. 753, 979 Chyavetas and Pebas, Peru; Pelzeln,
Orn. Bras., 1, p. 5, 1867 Matto Grosso (Dourado) and Amazonia (Salto
do Girao and Borba, Rio Madeira; Marabitanas, Rio Negro; Manaos);
Finsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 556 "Trinidad"; Sclater and
Salvin, I.e., 1873, p. 303 Rio Javarri, upper Ucayali, Chyavetas, Chami-
curos, Santa Cruz, and Pebas, Peru; Taczanowski, I.e., 1874, p. 550
Monterico, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 362, 1874 Peru
(Chyavetas, Chamicuros, upper Ucayali, Rio Javarri), Trinidad, Bogota,
Demerara, and Brazil; Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 120 (plumages); Taczanowski,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 47 Huambo, Peru; idem, Orn. Pe>., 1,
p. 157, 1884 Peruvian localities; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 77 Bartica Grove,
British Guiana; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 318, 1889 upper Ucayali,
Peru; Goeldi, Ibis, 1897, p. 153 Counany, northern Para, Brazil; Ihering,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 4, p. 163, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Berlepsch
and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 43 Borgona, Junin,
Peru; Menegaux, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 10, p. 108, 1904 Ouanary
and Camopi, French Guiana; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 125,
1906 Rio Cadena, Marcapata, Peru; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 46,
1906 Chaguanas, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 14, p. 39, 1907 Obidos; Hagmann,
Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), 26, p. 23, 1907 Mexiana; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz.,
1, p. 98, 1907 (range); Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, pp. 22, 516, 1908
Bom Lugar, Rio Purus, and Itiatuba, Rio Tapajoz, Brazil; Berlepsch,
Nov. Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 Cayenne; Hellmayr, I.e., 17, p. 413, 1910
Calama, Rio Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad.
Wiss., 26, (2), p. 121, 1912 Mexiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8,
p. 140, 1914 Para, Sao Sebastifio, Marajo, Counany, Rio Tocantins
(Cameta), Rio Tapajoz (Itaituba, Pimental), and Rio Purus (Bom
Lugar); Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 273, 1916 (numerous localities);
Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 39, 1918 vicinity of
Paramaribo and Javaweg, Surinam; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 287 Mirador,
near Banos, eastern Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55,
p. 238, 1926 part, below San Jose and Zamora, eastern Ecuador; Dugand,
Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 395, pi. 3, fig. 12, 1941.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 35
Harpagus diodon (not Falco diodon Temminck) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
25, p. 261, 1857 Rio Javarri.
Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 106, 1920 (chars.;
range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 166, 1922 (same); Hellmayr, Field Mus.
Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 457, 1929 Tury-assu, Maranhao; Naumburg,
Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 112, 1930 Matto Grosso; Peters, Bds.
World, 1, p. 200, 1931 (range); Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 589
Trinidad; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 282, 1936 (monog.); Pinto,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 19, p. 107, 1935 Rio Gongogy and Bomfim, Bahia;
idem, I.e., 22, p. 64, 1938 Para (Utinga, Murutucu), Maranhao (Miritiba),
Bahia (Bomfim, Rio Gongogy), and Minas Geraes (Theophilo Ottoni);
Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 22, p. 25, 1945
Brazil (Joao Pessoa and Lago Grande, Rio Jurud; various Amazon
localities) (descr.; pis.).
Range. Island of Trinidad; Venezuela, Colombia east of the
eastern Andes, and the Guianas through Amazonian Ecuador,
Peru, and Brazil south to central eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz) and,
in the east, to Bahia, Minas Geraes (Theophilo Ottoni), and Rio
de Janeiro (Cantagallo, Rio Parahyba). 1
Field Museum Collection. 21: Colombia (Morelia, Caqueta, 1);
Ecuador (Anagumba Mountain, 1; Rio Copataza, Oriente, 1);
Peru (Yurimaguas, Loreto, 1; Alto Quimire, Chanchamayo, Junin,
1); British Guiana (Middle Base Camp, Itabu Creek, 1); Brazil
(Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, 2; Canutama, Rio Purus, 1; Labrea, Rio
Purus, 1; Lago Baptista, Amazonas, 3; Itacoatiara, Rio Amazonas,
1; Obidos, Pard, 2; Monte Alegre, Para, 1; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz,
1; Murucutu, Para, 1; Tury-assu, Maranhao, 1); Bolivia (Rio
Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1).
1 A series of nearly twenty adults from British Guiana wonderfully illustrates
the individual variation in the under parts of this hawk, every gradation being
represented, from uniform rufous chestnut with at best a few whitish or buffy
bars on anal region and thighs to a stage in which the chest is mainly gray with
the duller rufous color confined to sides of chest and breast, while the posterior
parts are narrowly cross-barred with whitish or dull rufescent on a pale gray
ground. To this gray variety belongs an adult male from Bahia, which is even
grayer on the abdomen than those from Guiana and almost wholly lacks the rufous
on the tibial feathers. Another Bahia bird is very nearly wholly chestnut beneath,
excepting, of course, throat and tail coverts. Of four Peruvian adults, two are
chestnut-bellied, one is intermediate, and one is just as gray below as the grayest
individual from Guiana. Two Sarayacu birds and a Bogota skin are nearly
unmarked rufous below.
Additional material examined. British Guiana: Camacabra Creek, 1; Bartica,
5; Anarica River, 2; Supenaam, 4; Ituribisi, 2; Mazaruni Station, 2; Bonasika,
1; Abary River, 2; Demerara, 3; unspecified, 3. Trinidad: Caparo, 1; unspecified,
1. Venezuela: Montana Limones, Me>ida, 1; La Ortiza, San Crist6bal, Tachira,
1. Colombia: Bogota, 1. Ecuador: Sarayacu, 3; Miradpr, Banes, 1. Peru:
Pebas, 1; Chamicuros, 1; Chyavetas, 2; upper Ucayali, 2; Rio Javarri, 1. Brazil:
Obidos, 1; Bahia, 5; Rio de Janeiro, 1.
36 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
*Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus Lawrence. 1 NORTHERN DOUBLE-
TOOTHED HAWK.
Harpagus fasciatus Lawrence, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., for Dec., 1868,
p. 429, pub. 1869 Guatemala (type in coll. of Geo. N. Lawrence, now in
the American Museum of Natural History, New York); Salvin, Ibis, 1870,
p. 115 (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 363, 1874 (descr.);
Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 123 (crit.); Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 237,
1881 Potrero (Vera Cruz) and Santa Efigenia and Cacoprieto (Oaxaca),
Mexico; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 6, p. 377, 1883 San Juan del
Sur, Nicaragua; idem, I.e., p. 389, 1884 Sucuyd, Nicaragua; Salvin and
Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 106, 1901 Mexico (Potrero,
Santa Efigenia, Cacoprieto), Guatemala (Vera Paz), Nicaragua (La
Libertad, Chontales, San Juan del Sur, Sucuya), Costa Rica (Miravalles),
and Panama (David, Chiriqui; Railroad line); Bangs, Proc. New Eng.
Zool. CL, 3, p. 21, 1902 Bugaba, Chiriqui; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
6, p. 469, 1910 Costa Rica (Escazu, Guacimo, Banana River, Cuabre
de Talamanca); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 163, 1932
Guatemala; Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser.,
23, p. 106, 1938 Volcan de Conchagua, El Salvador.
Harpagus bidentatus (not Falco bidentatus Latham) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis,
1859, p. 219 Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7,
p. 317, 1861 Panama Railroad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1864, p. 369 Panama Railroad; Berlepsch and Taczanowski,
I.e., 1883, p. 574 Chimbo, Ecuador; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 502,
1898 Chimbo; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 250, 1917
Dabeiba, Bagado, Cisneros, and Puerto Valdivia (lower Cauca), Colombia;
Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 250, 1918 Gatun, Panama;
Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 145, 1922 Cantilito,
Las Vegas, Mamatoco, La Tigrera, and Pueblo Viejo, Colombia (crit.);
Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 42, 1922 Niebli, near
Gualea, and road to Gualea, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
55, p. 238, 1926 part, Rio de Oro, western Ecuador.
Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 106, 1920; idem,
Syn. Accip., p. 166, 1922 (chars.; range); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 200,
1931 (range); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 309, 1931 Almirante
and Changuinola, Panama; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 313, 1932 Perme 1 and
Obaldia, Darien; idem, I.e., 78, p. 298, 1935 Panama; Swann, Monog.
Bds. Prey, 2, p. 283, 1936 (monog.).
1 Harpagus bidentatus fasciatus Lawrence is a well-characterized form, differing
even from the most strongly barred individuals of the nominate race by the much
broader barring extending up to the foreneck. .The dark bars are either rufous or
dusky or composed of these two colors. West Ecuadorian birds are unquestionably
referable to fasciatus and not to bidentatus. An adult from Gualea, with parti-
colored barring underneath, is exactly like one from Chiriquf, while one from Bulun,
with mostly gray chest and dark gray bars, is matched by one from Vera Paz,
Guatemala.
Additional material examined. Mexico: Cacoprieto (Tehuantepec), Oaxaca,
1; Vera Cruz, 1. Guatemala: Vera Paz, 2. Nicaragua: La Libertad, Chontales,
1. Costa Rica: Miravalles, 2; Pirris, 1; unspecified, 1. Panama: Chiriquf, 2;
Veraguas, 3; Lion Hill, 1. Ecuador: near Gualea, 1; Bulun, Prov. Esmeraldas, 2.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 37
Harpagus bidentatus bidentatus Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71,
p. 365, 1931 Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia; Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 84, p. 213, 1932 Eden, Nicaragua.
Range. Southeastern Mexico (Potrero, Vera Cruz; Santa Efi-
genia and Cacoprieto, Oaxaca) south through Guatemala (Vera
Paz), El Salvador (Volcan de Conchagua), Nicaragua (La Libertad,
Chontales; San Juan del Sur; Sucuya, etc.), Costa Rica, and Panama
to Colombia (west of the eastern Andes) and western Ecuador.
Field Museum Collection. 5: Nicaragua (San Rafael del Norte,
Matagalpa, 2); Costa Rica (Villa Quesada, Alajuela, 1); Colombia,
Cauca (El Tambo, Rio Munchique, 1; Rio Michengue, 1).
Genus ICTINIA Vieillot 1
Ictinia Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., p. 24, Apr., 1816 type, by mono-
typy, "Milan-Cresserrelle" Vieillot =Falco plumbeus Gmelin.
Nertus Boie, Isis, 1828, col. 314 type, by subs, desig. (Gray, Cat. Gen.
Subgen. Bds., p. 6, 1855), Falco plumbeus Gmelin.
Poecilopieryx Kaup, Mus. Senckenb., 3, p. 258, 1845 type, by monotypy,
Falco plumbeus Gmelin.
"Ictinia misisippiensis (Wilson). MISSISSIPPI KITE.
Falco misisippiensis Wilson, Amer. Orn., 3, p. 80, pi. 25, fig. 1, 1811 a few
miles below Natchez, Mississippi (type now in the Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 11).
Falco ophiophagus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 11, p. 103,
1817 United States (location of type not stated).
Ictinia ophiophaga Vieillot and Oudart, Gal. Ois., 1, (1), p. 44, pi. 17, 1820.
Ictinia mississippiensis Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 355 Coban, Guatemala;
Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 203, 1874 (monog.);
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 365, 1874 (descr.); Salvin and Godman,
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 104, 1901 United States to Texas and
Guatemala; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 105, 1920; idem, Syn. Accip.,
p. 165, 1922 (range); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 163, 1932
Coban, Guatemala.
Iclinia mississipensis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Milvi, p. 10, 1862 Louisiana
and Ohio (crit.).
Ictinia subcoerulea Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875, p. 345 Florida
(ex Bartram); Sennett, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 4, (1), p. 42,
1878 lower Rio Grande, Texas (habits).
Ictinia misisippiensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 201, 1931 (range); Swann,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 278, 1936 (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1 For osteology and affinity, cf. Sushkin, Zool. Anz., 23, p. 527, 1900.
38 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
167, p. 63, 1937 (life hist.; range); Sutton, Condor, 41, p. 41, 1939
western Oklahoma (nesting habits; food; etc.).
Ictinia plumbea misisippiensis Sutton, Wilson Bull., 56, p. 7, 1944 (race of
/. plumbea).
Range. Breeds from northeastern Kansas, southern Indiana,
southern Illinois, and South Carolina south to Texas and Florida;
winters in Florida and southern Texas. Casual in Iowa, Mexico
(Tampico, May 17, 1888), and Guatemala (Coban, Vera Paz).
Two records for Paraguay.
Field Museum Collection. 17: Texas (Matagorda, 2; Jefferson
County, 1; Lee County, 1); Kansas (Sun City, Barber County, 1);
Mississippi (Panola County, 1; Rosedale, 2); Georgia (Augusta, 1;
Richmond County, 3); Florida (Old Town, Dixie County, 1; Ok-
lawaha River, Marion County, 1; Wakulla, Wakulla County, 1);
Paraguay (Colonia Nueva Italia, near Villeta, 2). 1
*Ictinia plumbea (Gmelin). PLUMBEOUS KITE.
Falco plumbeus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 283, 1788 based on "Spotted-
tailed Hobby" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 106, Cayenne (type in
coll. of Miss Blomefield); Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 31, pi.
180, Feb., 1823 Brazil, Guiana, etc.; Spix, Av. Bras. Nov. Spec., 1,
p. 12, pi. 8b, 1824 Prov. of Rio de Janeiro, Piauhy, etc., Brazil; Wied,
Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 126, 1830 Barra do Jucu, Espirito Santo,
Brazil.
Milvus cenchris Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Ame>. Sept., 1, p. 38, pi. 10, 1807
new name for Falco plumbeus Gmelin.
Ictinia plumbea Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 16, p. 76, 1817
(descr.); d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Me>id., Ois., p. 101, 1836 Moxos and
Chiquitos, Bolivia; Tschudi, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 112, 1846
wooded region of Peru; Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3,
"1848," p. 735, 1849 coastal forests; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th.
Bras., 2, (1), p. 104, 1855 Rio de Janeiro (Nova Friburgo, Rio da Pomba,
Rio Parahybuna); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 1855
Bogota and Santa Marta, Colombia; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Milvi,
p. 10, 1862 Cayenne, "Haiti" (errore), Surinam, and Brazil (crit.);
Leotaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 42, 1866 Trinidad; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1,
p. 6, 1867 Rio de Janeiro (Cachoeirinha), Sao Paulo (Ypanema, Matto-
dentro), Goyaz (Araguay), and Matto Grosso (Sao Vicente, Caicara);
Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 158 Santa F6, Veraguas; Sclater
and Salvin, I.e., 1867, pp. 590, 753 Para, Brazil, and Chyavetas, Peru;
iidem, I.e., 1868, p. 169 Venezuela; Salvin, I.e., 1870, p. 216 Calovevora
and Calobre, Veraguas; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren.,
1 These two specimens, both absolutely typical of misisippiensis in every
respect, were received from a Paraguayan collector, Pedro Willim, who stated in
a letter that these hawks arrived near Villeta nearly every year between October
and February. They were seen in small lots only. B.C.
BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 39
1870, p. 65 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 1873, p. 303 Peru (Chyavetas, Santa Cruz, Yurimaguas);
Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro;
Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 552 Amable Maria, Peru;
idem, I.e., 1877, p. 329 Lechugal, Tumbez, Peru; Sclater and Salvin,
I.e., 1879, pp. 541, 638 Concordia and Remedios, Colombia, and Tilotilo,
Yungas, Bolivia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, p. 206 Manaure, Co-
lombia; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 237, 1881 Uvero, Vera Cruz,
and Chimalapa, Mexico; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1883, p. 574 Chimbo, Ecuador; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1,
p. 138, 1884 Peru (Amable Maria, Lechugal, Santa Cruz, Yurimaguas);
Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 172, 1885 Rio Grande do
Sul (Taquara, Arroio Grande, Linha Piraja); Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 9, p. 168, 1886 Paso de la Milpa, Vera Cruz; Salvin, Ibis,
1886, p. 77 Bartica Grove, British Guiana; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 2, p. 105, 1889 lower Rio Beni and Mapiri, Bolivia; idem, I.e.,
5, p. 148, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Chapman, I.e., 6, p. 69, 1894
Princestown, Trinidad; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208,
p. 20, 1895 Colonia Risso, Paraguay; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 501,
1898 Paramba, Ecuador; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16,
p. 141, 1899 Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
3, p. 364, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 163, 1900 Nova Friburgo
and Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13,
p. 131, 1900 Valparaiso, Santa Marta, Colombia; Salvadori and Festa,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 31, 1900 Rio Zamora, Ecuador;
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 103, 1901 Mexico
(Tarn pi co ; El Salto, San Luis Potosf; Paso de la Milpa, Jalapa, Cordoba,
Uvero, and Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz; Chimalapa, Oaxaca; Tizimin,
Yucatan) to Panama; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1902, (2), p. 43 La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru; Bangs, Proc. New
Eng. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 21, 1902 Bogaba, Chiriqui; Thayer and Bangs,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 145, 1905 San Miguel Island, Pearl
Islands, Panama; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 46, 1906 Chaguanas and
Seelet, Trinidad; idem, I.e., 14, p. 406, 1907 Humayta, Rio Madeira;
Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 98, 1907 Sao Paulo (Itapura) and Rio
Grande do Sul (Novo Hamburgo); Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Orn. Ser., 1, p. 83, 1907 Los Amates, Guatemala; Snethlage, Journ.
Orn., 56, p. 22, 1908 Bom Lugar, Rio Purus, Brazil; Berlepsch, Nov.
Zool., 15, p. 293, 1908 Cayenne; Hartert and Venturi, I.e., 16, p. 240,
1909 Mocovi and Ocampo, Santa F6; Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 74 Ybitimf,
Paraguay; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 413, 1910 Calama, Rio Madeira;
Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 249, 1910 (range in Argen-
tina); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, (2),
pp. 77, 96, 1912 Peixe-Boi, Para; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 371, 1913 Camp
Mengel, Quintana Roo; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 140, 1914
Santo Antonio do Prata, Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), Rio Purus (Bom
Lugar), and Counany, Para, Brazil; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914
Alto Parana, Paraguay; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 274, 1916
British Guiana (numerous localities); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
36, p. 250, 1917 Cali and Villavicencio, Colombia; Me'ne'gaux, Rev.
40 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Frang. d'Orn., 9, p. 37, 1917 Pocone", Matto Grosso; idem, I.e., 10,
p. 290, 1918 Teju-cuare, Misiones; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 62, p. 39, 1918 vicinity of Paramaribo, Wanaweg, and Overtoom,
Surinam; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 289 Bellavista, Bolivia; Arribalzaga, El
Hornero, 2, p. 92, 1920 Chaco; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, (4), p. 20,
1920 Trapiche Island, Pearl Islands; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 105,
1920 (range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 165, 1922 (range); Lonnberg and
Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, (25), p. 42, 1922 near Mindo, Ecuador; Todd
and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 146, 1922 Bonda and Cincin-
nati, Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 239, 1926
Ecuador (Esmeraldas, Rio de Oro, Naranjo, Santa Rosa, Pund Island,
Macas, Rio Suno) (crit.); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat.,
5, p. 124, 1926 Candido de Abreu, Parana; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 69, p. 158, 1929 Cana, Darien (breeding); Austin, I.e., p. 373,
1929 Cayo District, British Honduras; Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 13
Blairmont, British Guiana (breeding); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Zool. Ser., 12, p. 457, 1929 Tranqueira, Maranhao; Naumburg, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 113, 1930 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Laubmann,
Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 98, 1930 San Jose", Formosa,
and La Crecencia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 201,
1931 (range); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 365, 1931
Rio Frio, Colombia; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 313, 1932 PermS and Obaldia,
Panama; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 589 Caroni Marsh, Trinidad
(breeding); Griscom, Auk, 50, p. 298, 1935 Suretka Farm, Talamanca,
Costa Rica; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 298, 1935 Panama;
Carriker and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 87, p. 416,
1935 Quirigua, Guatemala; Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ.
Mich., 27, p. 18, 1935 Pacamon, Flores and Ixtinta, Peten, Guatemala;
Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 275, 1936 (monog.); Pinto, Rev. Mus.
Paul., 20, p. 53, 1936 Jaragua and Inhumas, Rio das Almas, Goyaz;
Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 400, 1936
Misiones (Iguazu), Tucuman, and Buenos Aires (Lavalle); Bond, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 88, p. 355, 1936 Ruatan and Bonacca Islands,
off Honduras; Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool.
Ser., 23, p. 106, 1938 San Sebastian, Barra de Santiago, and Volcan
de Conchagua, El Salvador; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul, 22, p. 65, 1938
Minas Geraes (Theophilo Ottoni, Rio Matipo, Pirapora), Sao Paulo
(Bauru), Rio Grande do Sul (Novo Hamburgo), Matto Grosso (Corumba),
and Goyaz (Canna Brava, Rio das Almas, Inhumas); Dugand, Rev.
Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 396, pi. 3, fig. 17, 1941 Colombia;
Sutton and Pettingill, Auk, 59, p. 8, 1942 Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas,
Mexico; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 49,
1945 Bolivia, El Beni (Riberalta; Victoria, Puerto Salinas; El Consuelo).
Ictinia plumbea vagans Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 25, p. 5, Dec. 9,
1921 Pena Blanca, Nicaragua (type in the American Museum of Natural
History, New York).
Ictinia plumbea plumbea Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 213, 1932
Santa Rosita and Miranda, Nicaragua; Sutton, Wilson Bull., 56, p. 7,
1944 (conspecific with misisippiensis).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 41
Range. Tropical zone of Mexico (from San Luis Potosi, Tamau-
lipas, and Oaxaca southward), Central and South America, south
to Rio Grande do Sul, Paraguay, and northern Argentina (Tucuman,
Chaco, Formosa, Santa F6", and Misiones); accidental at Lavalle,
Buenos Aires. 1
Field Museum Collection. 52: Mexico (Tampico, 2); Guatemala
(Peten, 1; Los Amates, Izabal, 1); El Salvador (San Sebastian, La
Paz, 2); Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega, 1); Costa Rica
(Limon, 1; Talamanca, Puntarenas, 1); Panama (Puerto Obaldia,
Darien, 3); Colombia (El Tambo, Munchique, Cauca, 2); Ecuador
(Pastaza Andeas, Oriente, 1); Peru (Rioja, San Martin, 1; Alto
Quimire, Chanchamayo, Junin, 1; Valle de Chanchamayo, 1);
British Guiana (Maspapu, 1; Pickers Gill, Pomeroon River, 1);
Brazil (Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 3; Obidos, Pard, 3; Tranqueira,
Maranhao, 1; Rio Baile, Parana, 1; Candido de Abreu, Parana, 1;
Chapado, Matto Grosso, 2); Bolivia (Yungas de Cochabamba,
Cochabamba, 2; Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 4; Rio Surutu, Santa
Cruz, 1; San Carlos, Santa Cruz, 1); Paraguay (Capitan Bado,
Cerro Amambay, 6; Villeta, Colonia Nueva Italia, 1); Argentina
(Iguazu, Misiones, 3; Eldorado, Misiones, 3).
Genus ROSTRHAMUS Lesson
Rostrhamus Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 55, Feb., 1830 type, by mono-
typy, Rostrhamus niger Lesson 2 = Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot.
Hamirostrum Sundevall, Meth. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent., p. 109, 1873 new
name for Rostrhamus Lesson.
Rostrihamus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, p. 171, Jan., 1901 type, by
monotypy, Rostrihamus tenuirostris Bertoni = Herpetotheres sociabilis
Vieillot; Berg, Commun. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 1, No. 8, p. 287, March
18, 1901 emendation of Rostrhamus Lesson.
Cymindes "Spix" Oberholser, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 35, p. 79, March 20,
1922 type, by monotypy, Cymindes leucopygus Spix= Herpetotheres
sociabilis Vieillot (cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 107,
1926).
1 Examination of a large series (more than a hundred specimens) shows the
northern race (oagans) to be untenable, the supposed difference in size being non-
existent.
2 Although Falco hamatus Temminck (Nouv. Rec. PL Col., pi. 61) is errone-
ously quoted as a synonym, Lesson's description of R. niger, as well as the generic
characters, are taken from the long-tailed species with white upper and under
tail coverts. Cf. also Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 38,
1918.
42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
*Rostrhamus sociabilis levis Friedmann. 1 CUBAN EVERGLADE
KITE.
Rostrhamus sodabilis levis Friedmann, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46, p. 199,
Oct. 26, 1933 Cuba (type in United States National Museum); Swann,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 250, 1934 Cuba and Isle of Pines.
Rostrhamus sociabilis (not Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot) d'Orbigny, in
Sagra, Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois., p. 15, 1839 Cuba (habits); Gundlach,
in Poey, Repert. Fis.-Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 222, 1865; idem, Journ. Orn., 19,
p. 362, 1871 Cuba (descr.; habits); Cory, Auk, 4, p. 47, 1887 Cuba;
idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892 Cuba and Isle of Pines; Gundlach,
Orn. Cub., p. 14, 1895 Cuba and Isle of Pines; Bangs and Zappey,
Amer. Natur., 39, p. 191, 1905 Cienaga and Santa Rosalia Lagoon,
Isle of Pines; Todd, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 10, p. 192, 1916 Isle of Pines;
Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 99, 1920 part, Cuba.
Rostrhamus hamatus (not Falco hamatus Temminck) Gundlach, Journ. Orn.,
2, "1854," Erinnerungsschrift, p. Ixxx, 1855 Cie'naga de Zapata, Cuba;
idem, I.e., 9, p. 402, 1861 Cuba.
Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus (not of Ridgway) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 156,
1922 part, Cuba; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 48, 1923 Cuba
(Lake Ariguanobo, Cauto Valley, etc.; nest and eggs); Peters, Bds.
World, 1, p. 201, 1931 part, Cuba and Isle of Pines.
Range. Island of Cuba, including the Isle of Pines, Greater
Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 5: Cuba (Artemisa, Pinar del Rio, 3;
San Cristobal, Pinar del Rio, 2).
*Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Ridgway. 2 EVERGLADE KITE.
Rostrhamus sociabilis var. plumbeus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, pp. 208 (in Key), 209, 1874 Everglades of Florida
(type, from near head of Miami River, in United States National Museum).
Rostrhamus sociabilis (not Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot) Cassin, Bds. Calif.,
Texas, etc., p. 107, 1854 Florida; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 99, 1920
part, Florida; Nicholson, Auk, 43, p. 62, pis. 3, 4, 1926 Florida (breeding
habits).
Rostrhamus plumbeus Gurney, Ibis, 1882, pp. 455, 456 Florida (crit.).
Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 156, 1922 part, Florida;
Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 201, 1931 part, Florida; Swann, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 2, p. 249, 1934 Florida (monog.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
167, p. 70, 1937 Florida (life hist.).
1 Rostrhamus sociabilis levis Friedmann: Similar to R. s. plumbeus in wing
length, but bill conspicuously larger and much the same size as in R. s. sociabilis.
Wing, 350-371; culmen from cere, 25-26.
2 Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus Ridgway differs from the nominate race by
decidedly larger size with proportionately smaller bill and generally more plumbe-
ous coloration, particularly about the head and throat. Wing, 340-370; culmen
from cere, 22-25.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 43
Range. Resident locally in tropical Florida.
Field Museum Collection. 19: Florida (Lake Okeechobee, 1;
Miami, 1; Brevard County, 1; Caloosahatchee River, 1; Manatee
County, 1; Lake Monroe, St. John's River, 1; Palm Beach, 4;
Jupiter, 1; Wakeva River, 1; Kissimmee River, 1; unspecified, 3;
Fellsmere, 3).
*Rostrhamus sociabilis major Nelson and Goldman. 1 MEXICAN
EVERGLADE KITE.
Rostrhamus sociabilis major Nelson and Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,
46, p. 193, Oct. 26, 1933 Catemeco, Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in United
States National Museum); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 250, 1934
eastern Mexico and Pete"n, Guatemala; Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Zool. Ser., 24, p. 202, 1941 Pacaitun, Campeche (disc.).
Rostrhamus sociabilis (not Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot) Moore, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 27, p. 52, 1859 Pet6n, Guatemala; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis,
1859, p. 219 Lake of Pet6n; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 237, 1881
San Andres Tuxtla and Cosamaloapam, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Salvin and
Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 99, 1901 part, Mexico (San
Andre's Tuxtla, Cosamaloapam) and Guatemala (Pete"n); Swann, Syn.
List Accip., p. 99, 1920 part, Mexico.
Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus (not of Ridgway) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 156,
1922 part, eastern Mexico; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 201, 1931 part,
eastern Mexico; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 161, 1932
Pet6n, Guatemala; Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27,
p. 17, 1935 Flores, Peten, Guatemala.
Range. Breeds locally in eastern Mexico (states of Vera Cruz
and Campeche) and Guatemala (Pete"n district).
Field Museum Collection. 1: Mexico (Pacaitun, Campeche, 1).
*Rostrhamus sociabilis sociabilis (Vieillot). SOUTHERN EVER-
GLADE KITE.
Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 18, p. 318,
1817 based on "Gavilan de estero sociable" Azara, No. 16, Corrientes
and La Plata River.
Cymindis 1 leucopygus Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 7, pi. 2, 1824 "ad
flumen Amazonum" (descr. of adult; type in Leyden Museum; cf. Schlegel,
Mus. Pays-Bas, Polybori, p. 8, 1862, and Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-
phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 568, 1906).
1 Rostrhamus sociabilis major Nelson and Goldman: Nearest to R. s. plumbeus,
but even larger, with considerably larger, heavier bill. Wing, 380; tail, 198;
culmen from cere, 30 mm.
* Misprinted "Cymindes" in the text, but correctly spelled in the Index (p. 1)
and on the plate.
44 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Falco hamatus (not of Temminck, 1821) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col.,
livr. 39, pi. 231 (=young), Oct. 25, 1823; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3,
(1), p. 182, 1830 eastern Brazil.
Rostrhamus niger Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 56, Feb., 1830 Brazil
(type, collected by A. de Saint-Hilaire, in the Paris Museum).
Cymindis hamatiis (not Falco hamatiis Temminck) Lafresnaye, Mag. Zool.,
4, pi. 20, 1834 (descr.).
Rostrhamiis sociabilis d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. Me"rid., Ois., p. 73, 1835
Corrientes (28 S. lat.) to Paraguay and Buenos Aires; Lafresnaye and
d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 3, 1837 Corrientes
(spec, examined); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 60, 1858 Rio
Napo, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 289, 1860 Babahoyo, Ecuador;
Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 134, 1868 "Gulf of Nicoya,
Costa Rica"; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869 Costa Rica (ex
Lawrence); Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 317 (no Costa Rican record); Sclater
and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 160 Conchitas, Buenos
Aires; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 135 Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre
Rios; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 283, 1873 Blumenau, Santa Catha-
rina; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 188 Buenos Aires (food); Gurney, I.e.,
1879, pp. 338, 341 (crit.; synon.); Gibson, I.e., 1879, p. 413 Cape San
Antonio, Buenos Aires (habits) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1879, p. 541 Remedios, Antioquia, Colombia; Gurney, Ibis, 1882, p.
456 Demerara, Brazil, etc. (meas.); Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
6, pp. 395, 408, 1884 Omete'pe Island and Los Sabalos, Nicaragua;
Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 77 British Guiana (ex Schomburgk); Withington,
Ibis, 1888, p. 470 Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson,
Arg. Orn., 2, p. 72, 1889 Argentina (habits); Riker and Chapman, Auk,
8, p. 161, 1891 Santarem, Brazil; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 142 lower Pilco-
mayo; Holland, I.e., 1892, p. 204 Estancia Espartillar, Buenos Aires;
Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, p. 154, 1895 Barranquilla, Colombia;
Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 20, 1895 Colonia
Risso, Paraguay; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 141, 1899
Pedras Brancas and Barra do Rio Camaquam; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
3, p. 361, 1899 Iguape, Sao Paulo; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13,
p. 131, 1900 Bonda, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Aves, 3, p. 99, 1901 part, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and South America;
Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 205, 1902 Rio Sail, Tucuman;
Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Santa Catharina, Jujuy;
Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 Rio Sail, Tucuman;
Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p.
569 (note 1), 1906 Corrientes (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 89, 1907
Teffe", Rio Solimoes, Brazil; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 410, 1907
Sao Paulo (Iguape, Itapura), Parana (Curytiba), and Maranhao (Boa
Vista), Brazil; Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 240, 1909 Barracas
al Sud, Buenos Aires; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18,
p. 246, 1910 (range in Argentina); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6,
p. 467, 1910 Bolson, Costa Rica; Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 333 Ajo, Buenos
Aires; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 195, 1913 Cano Corosal,
Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Puerto
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 45
Bertoni and Iguassu, Paraguay; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst.,
2, p. 346, 1916 Orinoco Valley as far as Ciudad Bolivar; Chubb, Bds.
Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 265, 1916 Supenaam, Abary River, and Mahaicoy;
Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 249, 1917 Barranquilla, Co-
lombia; Dabbene, El Hornero, 1, p. 96, 1918 Isla Martin Garcia, Buenos
Aires; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 38, 1918
vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 512 Cape San
Antonio, Buenos Aires; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, (8), p. 8, 1919 Nicaragua
(Rio Ometepe, San Juan del Norte); Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 17,
1920 Uruguay (Canelones, Flores); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 99,
1920 part, South and Central America; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28,
p. 176, 1921 Corrientes; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,
p. 147, 1922 Bonda, Colombia; Delacour, Ibis, 1923, p. 145 San
Fernando, Rio Apure, Venezuela; Young, Ibis, 1927, p. 84 Plantation
Alliance, Dutch Guiana; idem, Ibis, 1929, p. 11 coastland of British
Guiana (habits); Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 395,
pi. 1, fig. 4, pi. 3, fig. 16, 1941 Colombia.
Rostrhamus hamatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848,"
p. 736, 1849 British Guiana (ex Swainson MS.); Burmeister, Journ.
Orn., 8, p. 242, 1860 near Parana, Entre Rios; idem, Reise La Plata
St., 2, p. 435, 1861 near Parana; L6otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 31, 1866
Trinidad; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1868 Sao Paulo (Teixeira), Goyaz
(Porto do Rio Araguay), and Matto Grosso (Cuyaba, Villa Maria);
Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 66 Ibicaba and
Soumiduro, Sao Paulo; Doering, Period. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 247, 1874
Barrancas, Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes (food); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz.,
1, p. 96, 1907 Sao Paulo (Iguape, Itapura) and Parana (Curytiba).
Ibicter sociabilis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Polybori, p. 8, 1862 Brazil (Spix's
type).
Rostrhamus leucopygus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 328, 1874 British
Guiana (Demerara), Colombia (Bogota), Peru (Pebas), and Venezuela;
Barrows, Auk, 1, p. Ill, 1884 Concepci6n del Uruguay, Entre Rfos;
Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 31, 1900
Vinces, Ecuador; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss.,
22, No. 3, p. 568, 1906 (crit.); Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 55, p. 538, 1908
Arumatheua, Rio Tocantins, Brazil; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 138,
1914 Para, Peixe-Boi, Rio Tocantins (Arumatheua), Maraj6 (Pacoval,
Sao Natal), and Maranhao; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 90, 1910 Bahia (swamp near Joazeiro) and Piauhy
(Lake Parnagua); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6,
p. 68, 1926 Sao Bento, Maranhao; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
80, p. 154, 1928 Para.
Rostrihamus tenuirostris Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 171, Jan.,
1901 Alto Parana, Paraguay (type in coll. of A. W. de Bertoni).
Rostrihamus sociabilis Daguerre, El Hornero, 2, p. 266, 1922 Rosas, Buenos
Aires; Serie" and Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 44, 1923 Santa Elena, Entre Rfos;
Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 165, 1923 Zelaya, Buenos Aires; Renard, I.e., 3,
p. 287, 1924 San Cristobal, Santa Fe"; Girard, I.e., 5, p. 224, 1933
Tucuman (nest and eggs).
46 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Rostrhamus sociabilis sociabilis Swarm, Syn. Accip., p. 156, 1922 Argentina
to Colombia; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 237, 1926
Yaguachi Marshes, Ecuador; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133,
p. 106, 1926 Paraguay (west of Puerto Pinasco), Argentina (near Lavalle,
Buenos Aires), and Uruguay (San Vicente, Lazcano, Rio Negro); Fried-
mann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 158, 1927 Argentina; Hellmayr,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 455, 1929 Sao Bento, Maranhao;
Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. Ill, 1930 Descalvados,
Matto Grosso; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 202, 1931 eastern Panama
to Argentina and Uruguay; Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71,
p. 365, 1931 Rio Frio, Colombia; Griscom, I.e., 72, p. 313, 1932 Perme",
eastern Panama; Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86,
p. 371, 1934 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis,
1934, p. 589 Trinidad; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 247, 1934
(monog.); Laubmann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 290, 1934 Est.
La Geraldina, Santa Fe; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 298,
1935 "Obaldia," eastern Panama; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine.
Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 401, 1936 Buenos Aires (La Plata, Rio Santiago,
etc.) and Chaco (Napalpf); Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad.
Handl., (3), 23, p. 49, 1945 Bolivia, El Beni (Bresta; Orion).
Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus (not of Ridgway) Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 69, p. 418, 1929 Toloa Lagoon, Honduras; Stone, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 299, 1932 Laguna Toloa, Honduras; Griscom,
Auk, 50, p. 298, 1933 BebedeYo, Costa Rica.
Range. Found sparingly in Honduras (Laguna Toloa), Nica-
ragua (Rio Omete'pe, Rio San Juan del Norte, Los Sabalos), Costa
Rica (Bolson), and eastern Panama (Perme*), and commonly in
South America west of the Andes south to Ecuador and east of the
Andes to Uruguay and northern Argentina as far as the provinces
of Tucuman, Cordoba and Buenos Aires. 1
Field Museum Collection. 59: Nicaragua (San Emilio, Rivas,
1); Costa Rica (Bebede"ro, Guanacaste, 1); Venezuela (Encontrados,
Zulia, 1; Catatumbo, Zulia, 1; Lake Valencia, Carabobo, 4); British
Guiana (Georgetown, 2; Buxton, 6; New Amsterdam, 1; Demerara,
1; unspecified, 1); Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo, 2); Brazil (Labrea,
Rio Purus, 1; Lago Tapayuna, Amazonas, 3; Itacoatiara, Amazonas,
4; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 4; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz, 1;
Boca do Curua, Prainha, Para, 1; Piquiatuba, Para, 5; Obidos, Para,
4; Sao Bento, Maranhao, 1; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 1; Vaccaria,
Matto Grosso, 1); Paraguay (200 km. west of Puerto Casado, 2);
Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 7; Puerto Segundo, Misiones,
1; Resistencia, Chaco, 1; Isla Ella, delta del Rio Parana, 1).
1 The few specimens that have been recorded from Central America are in-
termediate in size to the Mexican race (R. s. major).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 47
Genus HELICOLESTES Bangs and Penard 1
Helicolestes Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 38, April,
1918 type, by orig. desig., Falco ha.ma.tus "Illiger" Temminck.
*Helicolestes hamatus (Temminck). SLENDER-BILLED KITE.
Falco hamatus (Illiger MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 11, pi. 61
(= adult), June, 1821 Brazil (type in Leyden Museum). 2
Rostrhamus taeniurus Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 2, "1854," Erinnerungsschr., p.
Ixxx, 1855 Para, Brazil (descr. of immature; type in Berlin Museum);
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 328, 1874 (ex Cabanis); Gurney, Ibis,
1879, p. 340 (ex Cabanis).
Ibicter sociabilis (not Herpetotheres sociabilis Vieillot) Schlegel, Mus. Pays-
Bas, Polybori, p. 7, 1862 Brazil and Surinam (descr. of adult).
Rostrhamus sociabilis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 327, 1874 part
(descr. of adult in Leyden Museum).
Rostrhamus hamatus Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3,
p. 209, 1874 Amazon (crit.); Gurney, Ibis, 1879, pp. 338, 340 Remedios,
Colombia (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 541
Remedios, Antioquia, Colombia (spec, examined); Hellmayr, Abhandl.
Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 569 (in text), 1906
Brazil (crit.; chars.; nomencl.); Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 409,
1907 Brazil and Guiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 137, 1914
Para (spec, examined); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 100, 1920 (chars.;
range).
Helicolestes hamatus Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 38,
1918 vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam (crit.; immature plumage);
Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 156, 1922 Brazil, Colombia, and Dutch Guiana;
Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 456 (note 1), 1929
Lagunas, lower Huallaga, Peru; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 202, 1931
(range); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 2, p. 251, 1934 (monog.); Dugand,
Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 395, 1941 Colombia.
Range. Northern South America from Surinam to Colombia
(Remedios, Rio Ite", Antioquia) and from the lower Amazon (Para
region) to eastern Peru (Laguna, lower Huallaga). 3
1 Genus Helicolestes Bangs and Penard: Similar to Rostrhamus Lesson, but
tail absolutely and proportionately much shorter; distance between the tips of
the longest primaries and longest secondaries not more than 50 mm.; immature
plumage slate gray like the adults, but tail with several (two to four) bars of
white, and primaries, wing coverts, and parts of the body feathering also barred
or flecked with white.
2 Spec. 1, "Male au plumage parfait, Bresil," of Ibicter sociabilis Schlegel
(Mus. Pays-Bas, Polybori, p. 7, 1862), is doubtless the type of the species, though
not listed as such.
8 This rare species, whose characters have been set forth by Gurney, Hellmayr,
and more recently by Bangs and Penard, is recorded from widely scattered localities
in Amazonia as well as from Dutch Guiana. The late T. K. Salmon, furthermore,
48 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Field Museum Collection. 4: Peru (Lagunas, lower Huallaga,
Loreto, 1); Brazil (Labrea, Rio Purus, 2; Canutama, Rio Purus, 1).
Subfamily ACCIPITRINAE. Bird Hawks
Genus ACCIPITER Brisson
Accipiter Brisson, Orn., 1, pp. 28, 310, 1760 type, by tautonymy, "Accipter"
Brisson =Falco nisus Linnaeus.
Astur Lacepede, Tabl. Meth. Ois., p. 4, 1799 type, by subs, desig. (Vigors,
Zool. Journ., 1, p. 326, 1824), Falco palumbarius Linnaeus =Falco nisus
Linnaeus.
Nisus Cuvier, Lee. d'Anal. Comp., 1, tab. 2, 1800 type, by tautonymy,
Falco nisus Linnaeus.
Hieraspiza Kaup, 1 Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 116, 1844 type, by subs, desig.
(Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 7, 1855), Falco tinus Latham =Falco
superciliosus Linnaeus.
Hieracospiza Agassiz, Nomencl. Zool. Ind. Univ., p. 182, 1846 emendation
of Hieraspiza Kaup.
Jeraspizia Kaup, Arch. Naturg., 16, (1), p. 34, 1850 emendation of Hiera-
spiza.
Cooperastur Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 6, p. 538, 1854 type, by subs,
desig. (Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Bds., p. 134, 1855), Falco cooperii Bona-
parte.
Jerospizia Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 29, 1857 emenda-
tion.
Lepiohierax Sundevall, Ofv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 31, No. 2, p. 24, 1874
new name for Cooperastur Bonaparte.
Hieraspizia Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 228, 1874 emendation of Hieraspiza
Kaup.
Dinospiziar Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 228, 1874 type, by monotypy,
Astur pectoralis Bonaparte.
Hieraspizias Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 124, 1876
emendation of Hieraspiza Kaup.
obtained an adult female at Remedios, Antioquia, Colombia, which is also wholly
typical. Five specimens in the deep neutral gray plumage without any white in
the tail measure as follows: Wing, 273-282; tail, 125-140.
Additional material examined. Colombia: Remedios, 1. Dutch Guiana:
vicinity of Paramaribo, 1. Brazil: Utinga, Para, 1; Para, 1; unspecified, 1.
Peru: Lagunas, 1.
1 Hieraspiza Kaup was originally created for several "East Indian species,"
to which, the author says, virgatus might possibly belong. A few years later
(in Oken's Isis, 1847, col. 169) Kaup specifically lists A. tinus, A. minulus, and
A. virgatus as pertaining to the genus, among which Gray, in 1855, selected
Falco tinus as genotype.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 49
*Accipiter gen tills atricapillus (Wilson). AMERICAN GOSHAWK.
Falco atricapillus Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 80, pi. 52, fig. 3, 1812 within a
few miles of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (type in coll. of R. T. Peale,
evidently lost).
Daedalian pictum Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 67, Feb., 1830 locality
unknown; idem, I.e., livr. 8, p. 646, June, 1831 locality stated to be
United States (type in Paris Museum; cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool.,
(2), 2, p. 211, 1850).
Falco regalis Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 84, pi. 495, May 8, 1830
North America (type in Paris Museum).
Astur atricapillus Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 17, 1862 (descr.);
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 97, 1874 (bibliog.; descr.); Salvin and
Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 45, 1899 part, North America
(except islands off Northwest Pacific coast); Swann, Syn. List Accip.,
p. 20, 1919 (chars.; range).
Astur palumbarius var. atricapillus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 237, 1874 part (except islands off northwest
Pacific coast).
(Astur atricapillus) var. striatulus Ridgway 1 in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, pp. 238, 239, 240, January, 1874 western North
America (type apparently No. 8508 from Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound,
Washington, in United States National Museum).
Accipiter atricapillus striatulus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 21, p. 66,
1881 part, North American mainland; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 20,
1919 part, North American mainland; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
167, p. 139, 1937 part, North American mainland (life hist.).
Astur atricapillus henshaun Nelson, 2 Auk, 1, p. 166, April, 1884 "Pacific
coast region, from southern Arizona to Sitka, Alaska" (no type or type
locality given); Ridgway, I.e., 1, p. 252, 1884 (crit.= striatulus).
Astur gentilis atricapillus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 33, 1921 North America;
idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 188, 1925 (monog.).
Astur gentilis striatulus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 33, 1921 part, North American
mainland; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 189, 1925 part, North American
mainland.
Astur atricapillus atricapillus Brooks, Condor, 29, p. 113, 1927 (plumages);
Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 125, 1937 (life hist.); Porter, Wilson
Bull., 53, p. 43, 1941 Cheboygan, Michigan (nesting); Porsild, Canad.
Field Nat., 57, p. 25, 1943 Mackenzie Delta (probably nesting).
Accipiter gentilis striatulus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 208, 1931 part, North
American mainland.
Accipiter gentilis atricapillus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 208, 1931 (range, in
part).
1 For discussions as to the validity of this race see Taverner, Condor, 42,
p. 157, 1940, and Bond and Stabler, Auk, 58, p. 346, 1941.
2 Nelson probably meant to name the dark form from the northwest coast
islands, but unfortunately no type was named and the range as given includes
all three American races.
50 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Astur atricapillus striatulus Taverner, Condor, 42, p. 157, 1940 (disc.; not good
race).
Accipiter atricapillus atricapillus Bond and Stabler, Auk, 58, p. 346, pi. 11,
1941 (second year plumage; A. g. striatulus a synonym).
Accipiter gentilis Ingles, Condor, p. 215, 1945 Sequoia National Park (nest-
ing).
Range. Breeds from northwestern Alaska, the Mackenzie Delta
and Ungava south to California (Sequoia National Park), Michigan,
Maine and New Brunswick. South in the mountains to New Mexico
and Pennsylvania. In winter irregularly south to the Mexican
border, Texas, Missouri, and Virginia. Occasionally wanders to
Vancouver Island on migration.
Field Museum Collection. 83: Alaska (Bethel, 17; Takotna, 2;
Takotna Forks, 11; McGrath, 1; Sillokh, Kenai Peninsula, 1);
British Columbia (Merville, Vancouver Island, 1; Victoria, 1;
Sumas, 1; White Swan Lake, Kootenai Range, 2); Alberta (Red
Deer, 2; Hastings Lake, 1; Edmonton, 1; unspecified, 1); Manitoba
(St. Vitale, 1); California (Paradise, 1); Arizona (Chiricahua Moun-
tains, Cochise County, I); 1 Idaho (Coolin, Priest Lake, 1); Montana
(Sedan, 1; Rock Creek, 1; South Butte, 1); North Dakota (Nelson
County, 1; Pembina County, 1; Pierce County, 1; Rolette County,
1); Minnesota (Jadis, 1; Beaver, Roseau County, 1); Arkansas
(Winslow, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 1); Illinois (Cook County, 1;
Putnam, 1; Jasper County, 1); Maine (Hancock County, 2; Lincoln,
1) ; Massachusetts (unspecified, 1) ; Connecticut (New Haven County,
13; Stamford, 3; Norfolk, 2; Killingworth, 1).
*Accipiter gentilis laingi (Taverner). 2 QUEEN CHARLOTTE
ISLAND GOSHAWK.
Astur atricapillus laingi Taverner, Condor, 42, p. 160, May, 1940 Masset,
Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia (type in the National Museum
of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario).
Astur palumbarius var. atricapillus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 237, 1874 part, islands off northwest Pacific
coast.
1 This specimen was taken on December 23 and does not differ in either colora-
tion or size from other specimens from eastern North America.
1 Accipiter gentilis laingi (Taverner) is like A. g. atricapillus but adult is darker
with the black of crown of head and nape extending over the shoulders and the
interscapulars, and sootier gray ventrally especially across breast. Juveniles
with breast stripes very broad and heavy on a light ground that averages deeper
in color, white dorsally they are almost or quite solid rich dark brown with little
or no light feather-edging or semi concealed markings (Taverner, Condor, 42,
p. 160, 1940).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 51
Astur atricapillus (not Falco atricapillus Wilson) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus. f
1, p. 97, 1874 part, islands off northwest Pacific coast.
Accipiter atricapillus striatulus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 21, p. 66,
1881 part, islands off northwest Pacific coast; Swann, Syn. List Accip.,
p. 20, 1919 part, islands off northwest Pacific coast; Bent, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 167, p. 139, 1937 part, islands off northwest Pacific coast
(life hist.).
Astur gentilis striatulus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 33, 1921 part, islands off
northwest Pacific coast; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 189, 1925 part,
islands off northwest Pacific coast.
Accipiter gentilis striatulus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 208, 1931 part, islands
off northwest Pacific coast.
Range. Known at present only from Vancouver and the Queen
Charlotte Islands, but probably ranges in the islands of the north-
west Pacific coast as far north as Sitka or Icy Strait. Occasionally
in winter to the mainland around Puget Sound.
Field Museum Collection. 12: British Columbia (Graham Island,
2; Vancouver Island, Comox, 6; Colquitz, 1; Gordon Head, 1;
Victoria, 1); Washington (Clallam Bay, Clallam County, 1).
*Accipiter gentilis apache van Rossem. 1 MEXICAN GOSHAWK.
Accipiter gentilis apache van Rossem, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 51, p. 99, May
19, 1938 Paradise, Cochise County, Arizona (type in the Dickey Collec-
tion, now in the University of California at Los Angeles); idem, Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool., Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 53, 1945 Yecora, Sonora.
Astur atricapillus (not Falco atricapillus Wilson) Salvin and Godman, Biol.
Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 45, 1899 part, Mexico (Yecora, Sonora and
Sierra Nayarit, Jalisco).
Accipiter gentilis striatulus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 208, 1931 Arizona and
(?) Chihuahua.
Accipiter atricapillus striatulus van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H.,
8, p. 126, 1936 southern Arizona.
Astur gentilis subsp. Moore, Condor, 40, p. 24, 1938 Babizos, Sinaloa (crit.).
Range. Extreme southern Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains south
through Sonora (Yecora) to Jalisco (Sierra Nayarit).
1 Accipiter gentilis apache van Rossem: "Darker and more blackish (less bluish)
dorsally even than A. g. striatulus (Ridgway) [ = A. g. laingi Taverner] of the Pacific
Northwest, the darkest of the two previously described North American races;
young with ventral streaking broader and darker (more guttate, less linear) than
in the young of striatulus [=laingi]. Size largest among the North American
races."
The specimen listed above is a juvenile male taken on August 30. It is very
dark above and has a large wing measurement, 353 mm. It is very buffy under-
neath but the streaking is not darker or broader than in many specimens from the
northern United States. More specimens are needed for comparison, it would
seem, before the validity of this race can be ascertained.
52 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Field Museum Collection. 1: Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains,
Cochise County, 1).
Accipiter bicolor fidens Bangs and Noble. 1 NORTHERN FOUR-
BANDED ACCIPITER.
Accipiter bicolor fidens Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 444, Oct., 1918 Buena
Vista, Vera Cruz, Mexico (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Cambridge, Mass.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 62, 1921 Mexico; idem,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 334, 1926 Mexico; Peters, Bds. World, 1,
p. 217, 1931 (range).
Accipiter pileatus (not Falco pileatus Temminck) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 27, p. 389, 1859 Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz.
Accipiter bicolor (not Sparvius bicolor Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn.,
p. 137, 1868 part, southern Mexico; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1,
p. 154, 1874 part, southern Mexico; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p.
236, 1881 Potrero, Vera Cruz, and Tapanatepec, Oaxaca; Salvin and
Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 47, 1899 part, Vera Cruz
(Jalapa, Potrero, Playa Vicente) and Oaxaca (Tehuan tepee) ; Swann, Syn.
List Accip., p. 37, 1919 part, southern Mexico.
Accipiter sexfasciatus (not of Swainson) Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 208,
1869 part, Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Range. Tropical zone of eastern Mexico, in states of Vera Cruz
(Jalapa, Buena Vista, Potrero, Playa Vicente) and Oaxaca (Tapana-
tepec).
*Accipiter bicolor bicolor (Vieillot). FOUR-BANDED ACCIPITER.
Sparvius bicolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 10, p. 325, June
21, 1817 Cayenne (type in Paris Museum examined ;= young); Pucheran,
Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 92, 1850 (crit.).
Nisus variatus (Cuvier MS.) Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 61, Feb., 1830
Cayenne (type 2 in Paris Museum examined); Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool.,
(2), 2, pp. 6, 210, 1850 (crit.).
Accipiter sexfasciatus Swainson, Anim. Menag., p. 282, Dec. 31, 1837
Guiana (type 3 in the coll. of R. Schomburgk, now in the British Museum,
examined); Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 208, 1869 part, Costa Rica.
1 Accipiter bicolor fidens Bangs and Noble: Similar to the nominate race, but
larger and darker throughout, blackish slate above and slate gray below. Wing,
255-260; tail, 209-212 (Bangs and Noble). While the adult is unknown to the
authors, a young female in changing plumage is indeed larger (wing 260) than
any other specimen, and the newly growing feathers on the foreneck are even darker
slate gray than in the variety named A. b. schistochlamys.
Material examined. Mexico: Jalapa, Vera Cruz, 1.
2 The type is the very same specimen sent by Leblond from Cayenne on
which Sparvius bicolor Vieillot was based.
8 This is spec, g of the Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 155 (Reg. No. 55. 12.19.257).
It was presented by the Zoological Society and bore on its stand: "British Guiana
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 53
Visus sexfasciatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848,"
p. 736, 1849 Guiana (ex Swainson).
Nisus pileatus Tschudi, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 100, 1846 part, wooded
region of Peru; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 35, 1862 part,
spec. No. 3, Caracas, Venezuela.
Micrastur dynastes Bonaparte, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 4, 1854 "Nouvelle
Grenade" (cotypes in British Museum examined, Reg. No. 54.1.17.8 and
54.1.17.9;=young).
Accipiter pileatus (not Falco pileatus Temminck) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 28, pp. 72, 298, 1860 Pallatanga and Esmeraldas, Ecuador;
Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 355 Vera Cruz, Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 289, 1861 Panama Railroad; Sclater, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 304 part, Cayenne and Guatemala; Pelzeln, Orn.
Bras., 1, p. 8, 1867 part, Barra do Rio Negro, Brazil (spec, examined ;=
young); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 134, 1868 San
Jose, Dota, and Turrialba, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369,
1869 Costa Rica; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 47
Huambo, Peru; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 166, 1884 Peru (Guajango,
Cutervo, Huambo); Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1902, (2), p. 42 La Merced, Peru; Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool.,
14, No. 25, p. 36, 1922 road to Gualea, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 55, p. 225, 1926 Ecuador (ex Sclater and Lonnberg).
Accipiter bicolor Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 137, pi. 69, 1868 part,
Guatemala to Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and the Guianas;
Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 317 Costa Rica (crit.); idem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1869, p. 252 Maruria, Lake Valencia, Venezuela; idem, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1870, p. 215 Chitra, Boqueti de Chitra, Calovevora and Volcan
de Chiriqui, Panama; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., p. 782 Merida, Venezuela;
iidem, I.e., p. 838 coast of Honduras; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 303 Santa
Cruz, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 154, 1874 (monog.);
Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 8, p. 82, 1876 Santarem, Brazil; Taczanowski,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, pp. 329, 333 Tumbez, Peru and Palmal
(Prov. Guayas), Ecuador; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1879, p. 540 Remedies, Colombia; Boucard, I.e., 1883, p. 457 Aguada
de Yoksatz, Yucatan; Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 165, 1884 Peru
(Tumbez, Santa Cruz); Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 75 Bartica Grove and
Roraima, British Guiana; Feledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 126,
1887 San Jose', Costa Rica; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 317, 1889
Shanusi, Yurimaguas, Peru; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 161, 1891
Santarem (one immature female); Cherrie, I.e., 9, p. 328, 1892 San
Jos6, Costa Rica; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 502, 1898 Cachavi, Ecuador;
Lantz, Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 16, p. 219, 1899 Naranjo, Guatemala;
Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 222 "Santo Domingo" (=Nanegal), Ecuador;
Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 39, p. 141, 1903 Yarnca, Honduras;
Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 128, 1914 (range); Chubb, Bds. Brit.
Guiana, 1, p. 228, 1916 Ituribisi, Mazaruni, Supenaam, Bartica and
collection, July 1, 1840, purchased at Mr. Schomburgk's sale. No. 181 Mr.
Swainson's catalogue, labelled Astur sexfasciatus in Mr. Swainson's own hand-
writing."
54 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Roraima; 1 Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 242, 1917 Colombia
(Popayan Purification, Florencia); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 37, 1919
(in part); idem, Auk, 38, p. 359, 1921 Culata, Merida, Venezuela.
Nisus bicolor Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 107, 1876
Panama, Costa Rica (San Jose, Turrialba, Sipurio) (monog.); Ihering,
Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 88, 1907 (range).
Cooperastur bicolor Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 112, 1902
Altagracia, Quiribana de Caicara, and Caicara, Orinoco, Venezuela;
Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 291, 1908 Cayenne.
Accipiter bicolor bicolor Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 382, 1906 Santo Antonio
do Prata and Benin" ca, Para; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad.
Wiss., 26, (2), p. 96, 1912 same localities; Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35,
p. 443, 1918 Perico and Bellavista, Rio Maranon, Peru; Swann, Syn.
Accip., p. 62, 1921 (range); Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
14, p. 148, 1922 Bonda and La Tigrera, Colombia; Swann, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 332, 1926 (monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55,
p. 225, 1926 Ecuador (Chongon Hills, Rio de Oro, Gualea, Portovelo,
Alamor, Balza, below San Jose); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69,
p. 157, 1929 Cana, Darien; Peters, I.e., 71, p. 311, 1931 Fruitvale,
Almirante, Panama; Darlington, I.e., p. 366, 1931 Rio Frio, Magdalena,
Colombia; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 217, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 151, 1932 Guatemala; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 78, p. 298, 1935 Panama; Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool.,
Univ. Mich., 27, p. 16, 1935 Uaxactun, Peten, Guatemala; Aldrich,
Sci. Pub. Clevel. Mus. N. H., 7, p. 42, 1937 Paracote, Panama; Pinto,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 66, 1935 (range); Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Zool. Ser., 24, p. 202, 1941 Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Gyldenstolpe, K.
Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 22, p. 26, 1945 Brazil (Igarape
Grande, Rio Jurua; various Amazonian localities) (disc.).
Accipiter bicolor schistochlamys Hellmayr, Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 16, p. 82,
May 8, 1906 Nanegal, Ecuador (type in Tring Collection, now in the
American Museum of Natural History, New York); Bangs, Auk, 24,
p. 290, 1907 El Pozo and Boruca, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie
Mus., 6, p. 455, 1910 Costa Rica (Santa Maria de Dota, Pozo Azul de
Pirris, El Hogar, Boruca, Buenos Aires); Menegaux, Miss. Serv. Geog.
Armee Mes. Arc Merid. Equat., 9, p. B. 12, 1911 Santo Domingo,
Ecuador; Peters, Auk, 30, p. 370, 1913 Xcopen, Quintana Roo; Rendahl,
Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 8, 1919 Pacuarito, Costa Rica; Swann, Syn.
Accip., p. 62, 1921 (range); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25,
p. 36, 1922 Alonguinche and near Gualea, Ecuador; Swann, Monog.
1 Chubb in his description of the adult male states "axillaries, under wing-
coverts, and thighs rufous" and says that the female is "similar to the male." He
says the two specimens were collected on the Supenaam and Mazaruni rivers,
respectively. Upon inquiry, Mr. J. D. Macdonald of the British Museum of
Natural History writes that the male does have red under wing coverts, but
that those of the female are white as in typical bicolor and that there is no reason
to doubt the authenticity of the localities. The question arises therefore whether
this male is simply an aberrant specimen or whether the ranges of typical bicolor
and pileatus overlap, as there is some reason to believe those of bicolor and guttifer
may do in Bolivia. B.C.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 55
Bds. Prey, 1, p. 333, 1926 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 217, 1931
western Ecuador.
Range. Tropical zone of southeastern Mexico (Yucatan) south
through Central America, Colombia and Venezuela to Peru (Perico,
Guajango, Bellavista, .Cutervo, Rio Maranon; Huambo; Santa Cruz
and Shanusi, Rio Ucayali; Chanchamayo), eastern Bolivia (Rio
Surutu, Santa Cruz), and northern Brazil (Manaos; Santarem, Rio
Tapajoz; Primeira Cruz, Maranhao). 1
Field Museum Collection. 26: Mexico (Chichen Itza, Yucatan,
1); Costa Rica (Villa Quesado, Alajuela, 1); Colombia (Rio Jam-
parado, Choco, 1; El Tambo, Munchique, Cauca, 4); Venezuela
(Rio Aurare, Zulia, 1); Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, Guayas, 1;
Nanegal, Occidente, 1; Baeza, Napo-Pastaza, 1); British Guiana
(Boundary Camp, head of Itabu Creek, 2; Middle Base Camp,
Itabu Creek, 1); Brazil (Labrea, Rio Purus, 1; Canutama, Rio
Purus, 3; Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 1; Boca Ituqui, Para, 1;
Obidos, Para, 1; Piquiatuba, Pard, 1); Peru (Alto Quimire, Chan-
chamayo, Junin, 3); Bolivia (Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1).
*Accipiter bicolor pileatus (Temminck). PILEATED ACCIPITER.
(l)Sparvius guttatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. d., 10, p. 327,
1817 based on "Esparvero pardo y goteado" Azara, No. 24, Paraguay
(descr. of young). 2
1 From the material at hand the further recognition of A. b. schistochlamys
seems hardly warranted. While there can be no doubt that adult birds from
western Ecuador and Central America taken as a whole are darker gray
underneath, exceptions to this rule are rather frequent. For instance, a male from
British Guiana (Supenaam) is just as dark (light neutral gray) as many western
individuals, while one from Yucatan (Tizimin) is even paler (pale gull gray) below
than those from Guiana. A bird from Remedies, Antioquia, Colombia, again is
inseparable from a Cayenne specimen. Chapman and others also have come to
the conclusion that the western form was not properly separable.
A juvenile male from northern Maranhao (Primeira Cruz), though slightly
intermediate to pileatus, seems to be referable here. However, birds in adult
plumage should be examined.
Additional material examined. Mexico, Yucatan: Tizimin, 1; Peto, 1; Merida,
1. British Honduras: Cayo District, 1. Guatemala: Choctum, Vera Paz, 3;
Savanna Grande, 1; Duenas, 1. Honduras: Tegucigalpa, 1. Nicaragua: San
Emilio, 1; Rio Coco, 1; Matagalpa, 1; Ojoche, 1. Costa Rica: Miravalles, 1;
Turrialba, 1. Panama, Bogaba, 1; Bpquete, Chiriqui, 2; Frances, Chiriqui, 1;
southern slope of Volcan de Chiriqui, 1; Chitra, Veragua, 2; Veraguas, 4.
Colombia: Remedies, 1; Bogotd, 7. Ecuador: Nanegal, 1; Balzar, 1; Mpuji, 1;
Cachabi, 1; Yanayam, 1; Sarayacu, 3. Venezuela: below Caracas, 1; Limones,
Merida, 1; Caicara, Orinoco, 2. British Guiana: Bartica Grove, 3; Mazaruni, 1;
Supenaam, 1; Ituribisi, 1; Roraima, 1; Demerara, 4. French Guiana: Cayenne,
2. Brazil: Manaos, Bemfica, 1; Santo Antonio, 1.
2 Bertoni (Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 79, note 1, 1913; Faun. Parag., p. 42,
1914) believes Azara's "Esparvero pardo y goteado" to be the juvenile plumage
of Accipiter bicolor pileatus and while agreeing with him that the description can-
56 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Falco pilealus (Wied MS.) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 35, pi. 205,
June 20, 1823 "on doit la connaissance de cette espece au prince de
Neuwied qui 1'a rapporte de ses voyages au Bresil" = Ilha Cachoeirinha,
Rio Belmonte, Bahia (type in coll. of Prince Wied, now in the American
Museum of Natural History, New York; cf. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 2, p. 267, 1889); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 107, 1830
Ilha Cachoeirinha, Rio Belmonte, Bahia.
Falco poliogaster Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 45, pi. 295 (=young),
April, 1824 Brazil (part, descr. of juvenile plumage).
Nisus poliogaster d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. M6rid., Ois., p. 89, 1835 part,
Brazil (cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 181, 1921).
Nisus pileatus Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 73, 1855 Nova
Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 35, 1862
part, No. I, 1 2, 4, 6-8, Brazil; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv.
Terr., 2, p. 109, 1876 Brazil (monog.); Bertoni, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.,
17, p. 222, 1913 Paraguay (crit.).
Accipiter pileatus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 304 part, Brazil;
Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 8, 1867 part, Sao Paulo (Murungaba, Rio
Parana) and Matto Grosso (Jauru); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 284,
1873 Blumenau, Santa Catharina; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1,
p. 153, 1874 Brazil; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 170,
1885 Rio Grande do Sul (Taguara Arroio Grande, Linha Piraja); Allen,
Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 147, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso;
Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899 Mundo Novo
and Linha Piraja, Rio Grande do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 350,
1899 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 Nova Friburgo, Rio de
Janeiro; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 88, 1907 Ubatuba, Sao Paulo
and Sao Lourenco, Rio Grande do Sul; Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 71 Sapucay,
Paraguay (egg descr.); Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, 76, p. 89, 1910 Bahia (Fazenda da Serra Lagoa da Estreme, Rio
Grande; Barra Vermelha, Rio Preto) and Piauhy (Os Umbus, Parnagua),
Brazil; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay;
Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 37, 1919 (range); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28,
p. 183, 1921 (range; crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 61, 1921 (range);
Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 123, 1926 Fazenda
Durski and Guarapuava, Parana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de
Janeiro, 2, (6), p. 47, 1926 Ceara; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Zool. Ser., 12, p. 458, 1929 Tranqueira, Maranhao, and Ibiapaba,
Piauhy; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 106, 1930 Matto
Grosso.
Accipiter bicolor pileatus Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 334, 1926 (monog.);
Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 217, 1931 (range, except Argentina); Pinto,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 20, p. 51, 1936 Inhumas (Rio Meia Ponte), Goyaz;
not possibly refer to A. guttifer (=A. guttatus auct.) we do not consider it sufficiently
clear to justify the rejection of the well-established name pileatus in favor of
Vieillot's more or less obscure term guttatus.
1 Schlegel claims a Natterer specimen received in exchange from the Vienna
Museum to be the original of plate 205.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 57
Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 66, 1938 Bahia (Bomfim), Minas Geraes
(Pirapora), Sao Paulo (Ubatuba, Presidente Epitacio, Cananea), Rio
Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco) and Goyaz (Inhumas); Conover, Fieldiana,
Zool., 31, p. 33, 1946 Chapada, Matto Grosso (range; disc.).
Range. Tableland of Brazil from southern Maranhao and Piauhy
south in the west to central Matto Grosso and in the east to Rio
Grande do Sul, and (?)eastern Paraguay. 1
Field Museum Collection. 2: Brazil (Tranqueira, Maranhao, 1;
Ibiapaba, Piauhy, 1).
*Accipiter bicolor guttifer Hellmayr. 2 BOLIVIAN ACCIPITER.
Acdpiter guttifer Hellmayr, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 13, p. 200, Sept. 20, 1917
based on Acdpiter guttatus Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., livr. 11, p. 169,
pi. 85, 1867 Bolivia (type in Norwich Museum); idem, Nov. Zool., 28,
p. 181, 1921 Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Torochito (Mizgue), Bolivia
(crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 61, 1921 "Paraguay" and Bolivia (chars.);
Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 Santa Cruz, Sierra de la Rioja;
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 115, 1926 Tapia, Tucuman;
Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 331, 1926 (monog.); Laubmann, Wiss.
Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 99, 1930 Formosa (Tapikiole)
and Bolivia (Villa Montes, Tarija) (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 218,
1931 southern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina; Oberholser, Proc.
Colorado Mus. N. H., 10, (5), p. 24, 1931 Descalvados, Matto Grosso;
Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 405, 1936 Pantanos
del Palmas, Dept. Santa Barbara, Jujuy (range); Brodkorb, Proc. Biol.
1 Records of A. b. pileatus from Peru and Ecuador are due to confusion with
A. b. bicolor.
Additional material examined. Piauhy: Os Umbus, 1. Bahia: Fazenda da
Serra, Rio Grande, 1; Lagoa da Estrema, Rio Grande (= Villa Nova), 1. Rio
de Janeiro, 6. Sao Paulo: Rio Parana, 1. Matto Grosso: Chapada, 1. Parana:
Roca Nova, Serra do Mar, 1. Santa Catharina: Blumenau, 3. Rio Grande do
Sul: Taquara, 5. Paraguay: Sapucay, 1; Villa Rica, 1.
2 Acdpiter bicolor guttifer Hellmayr is clearly a geographical representative
of A. bicolor. Its principal character in adult plumage is the tawny color of the
breast and abdomen, while the juvenile dress is boldly spotted with blackish
underneath.
Graham Kerr's specimen (an adult male in fresh plumage) from the lower
Pilcomayo, recorded as A. chilensis, proves to be perfectly typical of guttifer.
Perhaps a similar mistake was made by Reed when recording "guttatus" from
Mendoza, which is much more likely to be A. b. chilensis. C.E.H.
As pointed out in my paper (Fieldiana, Zool., 31, p. 40, 1946) Dr. Hellmayr's
original manuscript kept Acdpiter bicolor Vieillot and A. guttifer Hellmayr as
distinct species and made the latter a race of A. chilensis Philippi and Landbeck.
Specimens in Field Museum, however, showed that guttifer and pileatus (which
Hellmayr considered a race of bicolor) were conspecific; therefore, the forms have
been arranged as shown above. B.C.
Additional material examined. Brazil: Urucum, near Corumba, Matto Grosso,
1. Bolivia: San Lorenzo, Tarija, 1. Paraguayan Chaco: 195 km. west of Puerto
Casado, 9. Argentina: Rio de Oro, Chaco Austral, 1; Ledesma, Jujuy, 3; Jujuy, 2;
Metan, Salta, 2; Rio Bermejo, Oran, Salta, 1; Conception, Tucuman, 2; Cumbre
de Raco, Tucuman, 1.
58 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Soc. Wash., 50, p. 33, 1937 265 km. west of Puerto Casado, Paraguayan
Chaco.
Nisus poliogaster (not Falco poliogaster Temminck) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer.
M6rid., Ois., p. 181, 1835 part, Santa Cruz and Chiquitos (cf. Hellmayr,
Nov. Zool, 28, p. 181, 1921).
Nisus pileatus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Merid., Ois., p. 90, 1835 Itaty and
Iribucua, Corrientes.
Accipiter guttatus (not Sparvius guttatus Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Exot.
Orn., livr. 11, p. 169, pi. 85, 1867 Bolivia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,
1, p. 152, 1874 "Paraguay" and Bolivia; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Tor-
ino, 12, No. 292, p. 29, 1897 Lesser, Salta; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos
Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 Tucuman and Tafl Viejo, Tucuman; idem, Rev.
Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, (3), p. 62, 1905 same localities; Hartert and Venturi,
Nov. Zool., 16, p. 238, 1909 Tucuman (Los Vasques, Tucuman, Cumbre
de Raco), Jujuy (Ledesma), Salta (Metan) and Chaco Austral (Rio de
Oro); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 243, 1910 (range
in Argentina); idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 300, 1914 (range in Argentina);
(?)Reed, Aves Prov. Mendoza, p. 20, 1916 Lujan de Cuyo, Mendoza;
Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 37, 1919 (range); Arribalzaga, El Hornero, 2,
p. 93, 1920 Chaco.
Nisus guttalus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 106, 1876
(ex Sharpe).
Accipiter chilensis (not of Philippi and Landbeck) Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 143
lower Pilcomayo, Chaco (spec, examined).
Accipiter pileatus Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902
Tucuman and Vipos, Tucuman; Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 465 Tatarenda,
Tarija, Bolivia; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, (13), p. 62, 1905 Tucu-
man and Vipos, Tucuman; Arribalzaga, El Hornero, 2, p. 93, 1920
Chaco Argentino; Friedmann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p. 160, 1927
Concepci6n, Tucuman.
(Accipiter bicolor) 4. pileatus Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 437, 1924
Villa Montes, Tarija, Bolivia.
Accipiter bicolor pileatus Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1,
p. 402, 1936 Puerto Diaz, Salta (range in Argentina).
Accipiter bicolor guttifer Conover, Fieldiana, Zool., 31, p. 39, 1946 Matto
Grosso (Corumba), Bolivia (San Lorenzo, Tarija), Paraguayan Chaco,
Argentina (Rio de Oro, Chaco Austral; Salta; Tucuman) (range; disc,
dist. chars.).
Range. Tropical zone of southern Bolivia (Dept. Santa Cruz
to Tarija), western Matto Grosso (Descalvados) j 1 Argentina, from
Corrientes, Formosa and the Chaco west to La Rioja, Tucuman,
1 Ihering's record (Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899; Cat. Faun.
Braz., 1, p. 88, 1907) from Rip Grande do Sul must be a mistake. Pinto, in his
recent catalogue of Brazilian birds, does not list the species at all, although Ihering
claims to have obtained it in Rio Grande do Sul, nor is it represented among
Ihering's birds in the Berlepsch Collection.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 59
Salta and Jujuy; and the Paraguayan Chaco (lower Pilcomayo;
265 km. west of Puerto Casado).
Field Museum Collection. 10: Bolivia (Pulquina, Santa Cruz,
1); Paraguay (195-265 km. west of Puerto Casado, Chaco, 7);
Argentina, Tucuman (Conception, 1; Taficillo, 1).
*Accipiter bicolor chilensis Philippi and Landbeck. CHILEAN
ACCIPITER.
Accipiter chilensis Philippi and Landbeck, Arch. Naturg., 30, (1), p. 43,
Jan., 1864 Chile (cotypes from Santiago and Valdivia, in Museo Nacional,
Santiago de Chile; cf. Gigoux and Looser, Bol. Mus. Nac. Santiago, 13,
p. 21, 1930); Landbeck, Anal. Univ. Chile, 24, p. 346, Apr., 1864 from
Aconcagua Province to Chiloe, common in the vicinity of Valdivia, Chile;
Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 329, 338 Chile (crit.); Sclater
and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 73, pi. 37, 1867 Chile and Straits of Magellan;
iidem, Ibis, 1868, p. 188 Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan; Philippi,
Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 245, 1868 Chile; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,
1, p. 155, 1874 Chile (Santiago) and Straits of Magellan; Reed, Anal.
Univ. Chile, 49, p. 558, 1877 Cauquenes, Colchagua, Chile; Allen, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 105, 1889 Valparaiso, Chile; Oustalet, Miss.
Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B. 21, 1891 Punta Arenas, Orange Bay (Hoste
Island), and Gable Island (crit.); Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 206,
1893 Chile; Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 180 Maquegua, Arauco, Chile; Sal-
vadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 40, p. 614, 1900 Punta Arenas
and Penguin Rookery, Staten Island; Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile,
15, p. 2, pi. 1, 1902 Chile (descr.; crit.); Arribalzaga, Anal. Mus. Nac.
Buenos Aires, 8, p. 160, 1920 Lago General Paz, Chubut; Dabbene,
I.e., p. 355, 1902 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego; idem, I.e., 18, pp. 243, 414,
1910 (range in Argentina); Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exp.
Patagonia, 2, Orn., p. 605, 1915 (descr.; synon.; range); Swann, Syn.
List Accip., p. 38, 1919 (chars.; range); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 62, 1921
(range); (?)Giacomelli, El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 La Barrera, plain of
La Rioja; (?)Vallentin, in Boyson, The Falkland Islands, p. 332, 1924
Falkland Islands; 1 Wetmore, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 423, 1926
Rio Fetaleufu, Chubut; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 336, 1926
(monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 218, 1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 279, 1932 Aconcagua to the Straits
of Magellan (crit.); Reynolds, El Hornero, 5, p. 348, 1934 mountains
north of Bahia Moat, Tierra del Fuego; Bullock, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.,
39, p. 240, 1935 Isla la Mocha, Chile; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine.
Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 406, 1936 (range in Argentina); Housse, Rev. Chil.
Hist. Nat., 41, p. 134, 1938 Chile (range; habits).
Accipiter cooperi (not Falco cooperii Bonaparte) Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Fis.
Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 237, 1847 Chile to Magellan Straits; Pelzeln,
Reise Novara, 1, Vogel, p. 13, 1865 Chile (crit.); Housse, Rev. Chil.
Hist. Nat., 29, p. 142, 1925 San Bernardo, Santiago, Chile.
1 Probably confused with Circus cinereus Vieillot.
60 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Accipiter pileatus (not Falco pileatus Temminck) Des Murs, in Gay, Hist.
Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 7, p. 236, 1847 Chile (part, excl. of description);
Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 108, p. 280, 1901 Chile (crit.).
Accipiter magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Des Murs, in Gay,
Hist. Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1, p. 235, 1847 Chile (part, excl. of description);
Boeck, Naumannia, 1855, p. 498 Valdivia.
Nisus pileatus Hartlaub, Naumannia, 3, p. 209, 1853 Valdivia, Chile;
Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 35, 1862 part, No. 5, Santiago,
Chile.
Nisus chilensis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 106, 1876
(monog.).
(t)Accipiter guttatus (not Sparvius guttatus Vieillot) Reed, Av. Prov. Mendoza,
p. 20, 1916 Lujan de Cuyo, Mendoza.
Cooperastur chilensis Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 29, p. 225, 1925 Isla
La Mocha, Arauco, Chile; Jaffuel and Pirion, I.e., 31, p. 103, 1927
Marga-Marga Valley, Valparaiso, Chile; Kuroda, Tori, 8, p. 140, 1933
San Bornonol, Perquenco, Chile.
Range. Chile, from Aconcagua Province south to the Straits of
Magellan, Tierra del Fuego and Staten Island, and along the Argen-
tine slope of the Andes through western Chubut (Lago General Paz;
Valle del Lago Blanco; Rio Fetaleufu) and Rio Negro to Lake
Nahuel Huapi; (?) occasional at Mendoza (Luian de Cuyo) and
La Rioja (La Barrera). 1
Field Museum Collection. 5: Chile (Maquehue, Temuco, Cautin,
1; Rinihue, Valdivia, 1; Puerto Montt, Llanquihue, 1; Hermita
Island, Magallanes, 1); Argentina (Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut,
1).
*Accipiter gundlachi Lawrence. 2 CUBAN ACCIPITER.
Accipiter gundlachi(i) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 252, May,
1860 Hanabana, Cuba (type in coll. of J. Gundlach); Albrecht, Journ.
Orn., 9, p. 200, 1861 Cuba (descr. adult male); Gundlach, in Poey,
Rep. Fis. Nat., Cuba, 1, p. 224, Nov., 1865 Cuba (breeding in March);
1 Additional material examined. Chile: Santiago, 1; Maquegua, Arauco, 1;
Maquehue, Temuco, Cautfn, 2; Pelal, Temuco, Cautfn, 2; unspecified, 4.
Straits of Magellan, 2. Argentina: Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, 2; Lago
Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro, 1.
2 The taxonomic position of this rare hawk has been in doubt. So far as colora-
tion is concerned it most closely resembles Accipiter bicolor guttifer but is larger (wing
of male 245 and of female 298 mm.) and has a much heavier foot and tarsus. A
female examined has gray under parts rather heavily washed with rufous, especially
about the abdomen, while the breast has numerous rather indistinct white spots
and bars. The thighs, under wing coverts, and axillaries are also spotted with
white.
In an adult male the foreneck, chest, upper breast, and flanks are grayish
ash indistinctly tinged with dull rufescent along the shafts of the feathers. The
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 61
idem, Journ. Orn., 19, p. 367, 1871 Cuba (plumages; habits); Sharpe,
Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 137, 1874 (ex Lawrence); Cory, Bds. W. Ind.,
p. 198, 1889 Cuba; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892 Cuba; Barbour,
Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 45, 1923 Cuba (nearly extinct); Swann,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 294, 1926 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p.
217, 1931 Cuba; Conover, Fieldiana, Zool., 31, p. 41, 1946 (disc. tax.
position).
Astur cooperii (not Falco cooperii Bonaparte) Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 17,
1850 Cardenas, Cuba (July, 1841); Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 2, Extraheft,
p. Ixxxii, 1854 Cuba.
Nisus pileatus (not Falco pileatus Temminck) Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 125,
1850 Cienagas de Zapata, Cuba.
Astur pileatus Gundlach and Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 2, Extraheft, p. Ixxxii,
1854 Cuba (one male, Nov., 1849).
(Nisus cooperi) var. Gundlachi, Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 223 (note), 1874 Cuba (descr. of young).
Nisus gundlachi Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 104,
1876 Cuba (monog.).
Accipiter cooperi gundlachi Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 32, 1919; idem, Syn.
Accip., p. 53, 1921 Cuba.
Range. Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 2: Cuba (Havana, 1; Guantanamo,
Santa Clara, 1).
*Accipiter cooperii (Bonaparte). COOPER'S HAWK.
Falco cooperii Bonaparte, Amer. Orn., 2, p. 1, pi. 10, fig. 1, 1828 near Borden-
town, New Jersey (type in coll. of C. L. Bonaparte, now in Paris Museum;
cf. van Rossem, Auk, 54, p. 203, 1937).
Falco Stanleii Audubon, Orn. Biog., 1, p. 186, 1831 Kentucky and Niagara
Falls (probably no type extant); idem, Bds. Amer., pis. 36, 141, 1831.
Accipiter mexicanus Swainson, in Richardson and Swainson, Fauna Bor.
Amer., 2, 1831, p. 45 (note), Feb., 1832 Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico
(type in coll. of M. Taylor).
Astur cooperi Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 18, 1862 Tennessie and
"Haiti" (crit.).
Accipiter cooperi(i) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 134, 1868
El Mojon, Costa Rica; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 137, 1874
white spotting is rather indistinct and confined to the crissum, while the thighs
are pure rufous, except that each feather is tipped by a very narrow, almost
obsolete line of white.
An immature male resembles immatures of guttifer but the throat is finely
streaked with dusky and the brown shaft lines to the feathers of the under parts
are lighter and narrower. The specimen is in transition plumage as the thighs
are reddish barred with white as are some of the flank feathers.
This hawk does not appear to be extinct, since one of the examples examined
was taken in 1935.
Additional material examined. Cuba: Artemisa, Pinar del Rio, 1.
62 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
(descr.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 46, 1899
North America to Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica (El Mojon);
Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 454, 1910 Costa Rica (winter
visitant); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 217, 1931 (range); Bent, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 167, p. 112, 1937 (life hist.); Cooke, Bd.-Banding, 12, p. 152,
1941 Colonia Agricola de Sumapaz, Colombia (banded in Manitoba).
Nisus cooperi Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds.,
3, p. 230, 1874 (monog.); idem, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2,
p. 97, 1876 (monog.; full bibliog.).
Nisus cooperi var. mexicanus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist.
North Amer. Bds., 3, pp. 224, 231, 1874 western N. America and Mexico
(crit.).
Accipiter cooperi(i) mexicanus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, p. 92,
1888 (crit.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 32, 1919 western United States
and Central America (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 53, 1921 (chars.;
range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 292, 1926 (monog.); van Rossem,
Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 6, p. 272, 1931 Saric, Chinobampa,
Sonora (crit.); Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 151, 1932
Guatemala; van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 428, 1934
Sonora (Alamos, Oposura) and Chihuahua (Bravo); van Rossem, Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 53, 1945 Sonora (nesting;
distr.), p. 54 (footnote) (tax.; disc.).
Accipiter cooperi(i) cooperi(i) Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 32, 1919 middle
and southern United States (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 53, 1921 (chars.;
range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 291, 1926 (monog.).
Range. Southern British Columbia, southern Alberta, central
Quebec and Nova Scotia south over the United States to northern
and western Mexico; winters from the northern United States south
to Mexico and Guatemala, occasionally even to Costa Rica (El
Mojon) 1 and Colombia (Colonia Agricola de Sumapaz).
Field Museum Collection. 85: British Columbia (Okanagan, 2);
Oregon (Prospect, Jackson County, 2; Eagle Point, Jackson County,
1); California (Del Monte Forest, Monterey County, 1; Santa
Monica Canyon, 1; Placerita Canyon, 1; Redlands, 1; Big Bear
Lake, 1); Arizona (Palmerlee, 1; Chiricahua Mountains, 1; Cochise
County, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 1; Phoenix, 1; Tucson, 1; Santa
Rita Mountains, 1); Idaho (Coolin, Priest Lake, 1); Colorado (New
Castle, 1); New Mexico (Rincon, 1; Deming, 1); Texas (Harlingen,
1; Lee County, 1); North Dakota (Ramsey County, 1); Nebraska
(Lincoln, 1); Arkansas (Winslow, 2); Minnesota (Jadis, Roseau
1 While it is admitted that immature birds from the western United States
are generally more heavily striped underneath, the proportion of distinguishable
specimens is too small to warrant the recognition of a western race (mexicanus).
Both adult (breeding July) and young birds from the Sierra Madre, Nayarit, are
exactly like others from the eastern United States. More than one hundred speci-
mens in all were examined.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 63
County, 1); Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 6; Delton, 2); Illinois (Lake
County, 2; Cook County, 1; Lewistown, 3); Michigan (Benzie
County, 4); Connecticut (Lyme, 2; Black Hall, 2; Hadlyme, 1; New
Haven County, 16; Stamford, 4; Goodspeed Lodge, 1); Ne^ Jersey
(Orange, 3); Georgia (Roswell, 6); Florida (Zolfa Springs, 1);
Mexico (La Paz, Lower California, 1; Cibuta, Sonora, 2).
Accipiter pectoralis (Drapiez). RUFOUS-BREASTED HAWK.
Falco pectoralis Drapiez, 1 Diet. Class. Sci. Nat., 4, p. 340, 1838 "1'Amerique
meridionals" (location of type not stated).
"F. pecloralis Cuv. (Buteo pectoralis? Vieillot)" 2 Bonaparte, Rev. Mag. Zool.,
(2), 2, p. 490, 1850 Brazil (descr. of type in Antwerp Museum, now in
Brussels Museum; cf. Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 44 [note 4],
1884).
Accipiter pectoralis Sclater, Ibis, 1861, p. 313, pi. 10 (descr.); Pelzeln, I.e.,
1862, p. 194 Ypanema and Borba (soft parts); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1866, p. 304 (listed); Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 170, 1869-
Ypanema and Borba, Brazil; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 321 (spec, in Phila-
delphia); Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 437, 1924 (range); Peters, Bds.
World, 1, p. 218, 1931 (range); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 67, 1938
Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro and Bauru, Rio Feio, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 23,
p. 504, 1938 Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro; Laubmann, Physis, 16, p. 110,
1939 (range).
Astur pectoralis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 18, 1862 Brazil (descr.
of "type" in Antwerp Museum); Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1867
Ypanema, Sao Paulo, and Borba, Rio Madeira, Brazil; Sharpe, Cat.
Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 121, 1874 Brazil; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3,
p. 349, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de
Janeiro; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 87, 1907 Bauru, Sao Paulo;
Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 128, 1914 Para; Swann, Syn. List
Accip., p. 27, 1919 Brazil, Guiana and Ecuador; idem, Syn. Accip.,
p. 45, 1921 (chars.; range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 252, 1925
(monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. EL, 55, p. 223, 1926 Rio
Suno, Ecuador.
Dinospizias pectoralis Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 228, 1874 Cantagallo,
Rio de Janeiro; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 440, 1910 Borba, Rio
Madeira; Dabbene, El Hornero, 1, p. 99, 1918 Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay
(June, 1916).
1 The description reads "Parties superieures brunatres, les inferieures blan-
chatres, rayees de noir; gorge et poitrine rpusses; bee brun; pieds jaunes. Taille,
quatorze pouces. De 1'Amerique meridionale." Nothing is said about the
location of the type but it is more than likely that Drapiez's description was
based on the same specimen in the Antwerp Museum discussed by Bonaparte a
few years later.
2 "Circus" (=Buteo) pectoralis Vieillot (Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d.,
4, p. 477, 1816, "dans les Indes Orientales") appears to be something quite dif-
ferent. The type is no longer extant (cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2,
p. 95, 1850).
64 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
NisusC!) pectoralis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 128,
1876 (monog.).
Cooperastur pectoralis Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 259 Sarayacu, Ecuador (crit.;
meas.).
Range. British Guiana, 1 eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu; Rio Suno),
Brazil (Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro; Obidos; Para; Borba, Rio Madeira;
Bahia; Ypanema and Bauru, Sao Paulo; Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro)
and Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni, Alto Parana). 2
*Accipiter superciliosus superciliosus (Linnaeus). 3 EYEBROWED
ACCIPITER.
Falco superciliosus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., 1, p. 128, 1766 Surinam
(descr. of transitional plumage).
Falco tinus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 50, 1790 based on "Tiny Falcon"
Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 39, Cayenne (type in Leverian Mu-
seum). 4
Sparvius subniger Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 10, p. 319,
June 21, 1817 "Guyane"; idem, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p.
1263, 1823 (type stated to be in Paris Museum); Pucheran, Rev. Mag.
Zool., (2), 2, p. 92, 1850 (crit.).
Sparvius minutus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 10, p. 328,
June 21, 1817 Cayenne; idem, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p. 1267,
1823 (reprint); Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 93, 1850 (crit.;
type no longer in Paris Museum).
Nisus malfini Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 58, Feb., 1830 Cayenne
(part, descr. of adult; type in Paris Museum); Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool.,
(2), 2, p. 209, 1850 (crit.).
Falco ferrugineus Nordmann, in Erman's Reise, Naturhist. Atlas, p. 16,
1835 Brazil (type in Berlin Museum; cf. Stresemann, Orn. Monatsb.,
30, p. 88, 1922).
Nisus tinus Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, (1), p. 70, 1855 Guiana;
Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 33, 1862 Cayenne and Brazil;
Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 87, 1907 Cachoeira, Sao Paulo; Chros-
1 An adult male in the British Museum collected by J. J. Quelch and J. V.
McConnell before 1895 at an unspecified locality.
2 Material examined. British Guiana, 1. Ecuador: Sarayacu, 1. Brazil:
Obidos, 1 (adult male, Feb. 20, 1907. F. Santos, British Museum); Borba, Rio
Madeira, 1; Bahia, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 1; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 1.
3 It is with considerable reluctance that we are preserving Linnaeus's name,
since the description contains the passage "Magnitude picae" and all Latham's
diagnosis of Falco tinus is likewise faulty, the crown of head being called "dusty
white." We would rather reject both terms in favor of S. subniger Vieillot, about
which there is no uncertainty at all, the type being in existence. Cf . also Ridgway,
Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 126, 1876.
4 This bird, a tailless specimen, did not come to the Vienna Museum.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 65
towski, Compt. Rend. Soc. Scien. Varsovie, 5, No. 8, p. 456, 1912
Parana, Brazil.
lerospizia tinus Bonaparte, Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie, 2, p. 29, 1857
Cayenne.
Accipiter tinus Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 8, 1867 Sao Paulo (Ypanema,
Porto do Rio Parana), Barra do Rio Negro (=Manaos), and Para, Brazil;
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 139, 1874 part, Guiana and Brazil;
Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 501 Carimang River, British Guiana; Ihering,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 349, 1899 Cachoeira, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e.,
4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Salvadori and Festa, Boll.
Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 29, 1900 Rio Santiago, eastern Ecua-
dor; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 114, 1902 La Priceon, Caura,
Venezuela; Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., Ser. 1, No. 3, p. 7, 1904 Puerto
Bertoni, Paraguay; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 291, 1908 Cayenne;
Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 89, 1910,
p. 203, 1923 Parnagua, Piauhy and Miritiba, Maranhao; Dabbene,
Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 414, 1910 Alto Parana, Paraguay
(ex Bertoni); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 128, 1914 Benevides
and Peixe-Boi, Para; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 342,
1916 La Pricion, Caura, Venezuela; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
80, p. 154, 1928 Para.
Hieraspizia Una Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 228, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de
Janeiro.
Nisus (? Hieraspizias) superdliosus? Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv.
Terr., 2, p. 125, 1876 part, British Guiana (Demerara), Brazil (Bahia,
Rio de Janeiro), and Venezuela (San Esteban) (monog.).
Accipiter superdliosus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 410, 1910 Marvins, Rio
Machados, Brazil; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss.,
26, (2), p. 96, 1912 Para; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 300, 1914
Misiones and Paraguay; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 227, 1916
Supenaam River, Bartica, lower Mazaruni River, Arawai and Carimang
River; Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 35, 1918
vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 32, 1919
(in part); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 53, 1921 (in part); idem, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 295, 1926 (monog., excl. of Panama); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool.
Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 122, 1926 Vermelho and Therezina, Parana.
Accipiter collaris Swann, Auk, 38, p. 357, 1921 part, Merida, Venezuela
(specimen in Museum of Comparative Zoology only, examined).
Accipiter superdliosus superdliosus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55,
p. 224, 1926 Rio Santiago, Ecuador; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist.,
Zool. Ser., 12, p. 459, 1929 Piauhy (Parnagua) and Maranhao (Miritiba);
Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 218, 1931 (range); Steullet and Deautier, Obr.
Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 409, 1936 Misiones; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul.,
22, p. 67, 1938 Sao Paulo (Cachoeira, Alto da Serra, Olympia) and Minas
Geraes (Marianne).
Range. From Venezuela (Merida, Caura) and the Guianas south
through Brazil to Parana and the adjacent parts of Paraguay (Puerto
66 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Bertoni) and Argentina (Misiones), west to eastern Ecuador (Rio
Santiago; Sarayacu), 1 Peru (San Martin) and Matto Grosso.
Field Museum Collection. 6: Ecuador (Mera, Oriente, 1; Rio
Capataza, Oriente, 1); Peru (Moyobamba, San Martin, 1; Rioja,
San Martin, 1); Brazil (Boca Rio Ituqui, Para, 1; Joinville, Santa
Catharina, 1).
*Accipiter superciliosus fontanieri Bonaparte. 2 FONTANIER'S
ACCIPITER.
Accipiter fontainieri (sic) 3 Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 37,
(22), p. 810, for Nov. 28, 1853 no locality given (the type examined in
1 Two adult and one young (in transitional plumage), from Sarayacu, are
perfectly typical of the eastern form, agreeing with a series from British Guiana.
Birds from various parts of Brazil are similar. A single adult from Venezuela
does not differ either.
Additional material examined. Venezuela: Merida, 1 (immature); San Este-
ban, Carabobo, 1 (adult female). French Guiana: Cayenne, 1. British Guiana:
Bartica Grove, 1; Abary River, 1; Supenaam, 2; Demerara, 1; Arawai River, 1;
lower Mazaruni River, 1; Carimang River, 1; Rupununi River, 1; Rio Takutu,
2; unspecified, 2. Brazil: Para, 1; Manaos, 1; Miritiba, Maranhao, 2; Parnagua,
Piauhy, 1; Bahia, 3; Rio de Janeiro, 5; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 1; Marvins, Rio
Machados, Matto Grosso, 1. Ecuador: Sarayacu, 3.
1 Accipiter superciliosus fontanieri Bonaparte: Exceedingly close to the nomi-
nate race, but dusky barring of under parts generally somewhat wider and more
sharply defined, the bars, in the adult male, besides being blacker, less grayish.
The large series of specimens now available for comparison shows the western
race to be a very poor one. The supposedly smaller size amounts to very little,
as may be gathered from the subjoined wing measurements. While adult males
have indeed blacker bars beneath, the difference in width of these markings,
especially in females and immature birds, is largely obliterated by individual
variation.
The applicability of Bonaparte's term to the present form seems beyond dis-
pute, since two adults from Remedios, situated on the Rio Ite, which flows into
the lower Magdalena not far from the type locality, are indistinguishable from
Veragua and Costa Rica specimens (exitiosus). A "Bogota" skin, which probably
originated in the Magdalena Valley, is likewise typical of this form. An extremely
well-marked adult male obtained by W. Goodfellow in December, 1913, at Mindo
(alt. 6,000 ft.) adds A. s. fontanieri to the fauna of western Ecuador.
The wing measurements of adults are as follows:
A. s. superciliosus. Males: seven from British Guiana, 133-136; one from
Maranhao (Miritiba), 132; one from Bahia, 137; two from Rio de Janeiro, 135,
135; one from eastern Ecuador (Sarayacu), 135. Females: three from British
Guiana, 155, 162, 164; one from Venezuela (San Esteban), 164; one from eastern
Ecuador (Sarayacu, 163; one from Bahia, 158; two from Rio de Janeiro, 153, 160.
A. s. fontanieri. Males: one from Costa Rica, 133; one from Panama Rail-
road, 132; one from Remedios, Colombia, 130; one from Bogota, 134; one from
Mindo, Ecuador, 128. Females: one from Santiago de Veraguas, 150; one
from Tado, Colombia, 149; one from Remedios, 155.
Additional material examined. Costa Rica (unspecified), 1. Panama: San-
tiago, Veraguas, 1; Panama Railroad, 1. Colombia: Remedios, 2; Tado, 1;
Santa Cruz, Magdalena, 1; Bogota, 2. Ecuador: Mindo, 1.
3 First mis-spelled "fontainieri," the name was, in accordance with the dis-
coverer's (Fontanier) orthography, corrected in Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, in 1854.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 67
the Paris Museum was obtained by M. Fontanier at Santa Cruz, Mag-
dalena, Colombia; descr. of young); idem, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 5, p.
578, 1853 (reprint).
Accipiter fontanieri Bonaparte, Not. Orn. Coll. Delattre, p. 5, 1854; Hellmayr,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 459 (note), 1929 (crit.).
Accipiter collaris (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7,
p. 462, 1862 Panama Railroad line, Panama.
Accipiter tinus (not Falco tinus Latham) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866,
p. 304 New Granada and Veragua (crit.); Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 158
Santiago de Veragua, Panama (crit.); Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1879,
p. 541 Remedies, Rio Ite, Colombia; Cherrie, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
14, p. 537, 1891 Greytown, Nicaragua; Salvin and Godman, Biol.
Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 51, 1899 Nicaragua (Greytown) to Panama
and Colombia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 130, 1900 Las
Nubes, Santa Marta, Colombia; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p.
454, 1910 Costa Rica (Carrillo, Guapiles, El Hogar).
Accipiter superciliosus (not Falco superciliosus Linnaeus) Hellmayr, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911, p. 1203 Tado, Pacific Colombia; Chapman,
Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 241, 1917 Barbacoas (Narino) and Puerto
Valdivia (lower Cauca), Colombia; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 32, 1919
(in part); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 53, 1921 (in part).
Accipiter superciliosus exitiosus Bangs and Penard, Proc. New Eng. Zool.
Cl., 7, p. 45, Feb. 19, 1920 Carrillo, Costa Rica (type in Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Todd and Carriker, Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 147, 1922 Las Nubes and Santa Marta, Colombia
(crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 296, 1926 Costa Rica to western
Colombia; Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 187, 1930 (crit.); Peters,
Bds. World, 1, p. 218, 1931 Costa Rica to Colombia; Griscom, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 313, 1932 Obaldia, Panama; idem, I.e., 78,
p. 298, 1935 Panama.
Range. Nicaragua (Greytown), Costa Rica (Carrillo, May 13;
Guapiles, March 10; El Hogar, March) and Panama (Santiago de
Veraguas; Panama Railroad; Obaldia) south to Colombia (west of
the eastern Andes) and western Ecuador (Mindo).
Field Museum Collection. 2: Colombia (La Costa, Cauca, 1;
"Bogota," 1).
*Accipiter collaris Sclater. 1 COLLARED ACCIPITER.
Accipiter collaris (Kaup MS.) Sclater, Ibis, 2, p. 148, pi. 6, 1860 Bogota,
Colombia (type in the British Museum examined); idem, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 304 New Grenada; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,
1, p. 144, 1874 Bogota; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 321 Bogota (list of known
1 Accipiter collaris Sclater is remarkable both for its stout feet and its pattern
of plumage. An immature male in the British Museum was taken on Nov. 28,
1906, in the Montanas del Moro, Venezuela, elevation 2,500 meters, which indicates
that the species is an inhabitant of the Subtropical zone.
68 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
specimens); Gurney, I.e., 1875, p. 470 (crit.); Swann, Syn. List Accip.,
p. 33, 1919 Colombia (chars.); idem, Auk, 38, p. 357, 1921 part,
Merida, Venezuela (specimen in British Museum only); Stresemann,
Journ. Orn., 72, p. 436, 1924; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 219, 1931 Co-
lombia (Bogota) and Venezuela (Andes of Merida); Conover, Fieldiana,
Zool., 31, p. 42, 1946 (disc.; plumages; range).
Nisus (? Hieraspizias) collaris Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr.,
2, p. 127, 1876 (monog.).
Astur collaris Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 45, 1921 Colombia and Venezuela
(crit.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 250, 1925 (monog.).
Range. From the Merida region of Venezuela through Colombia,
west of the eastern Andes, to western Ecuador (Nanegal and Gualea,
Pichincha).
Field Museum Collection. 6: Colombia, Cauca, El Tambo (La
Costa, 1; Munchique, 3); Ecuador, Pichincha (Nanegal, 1; Gualea,
1).
*Accipiter poliogaster (Temminck). 1 GRAY-BELLIED GOSHAWK.
Falco poliogaster Natterer MS., Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 45,
pi. 264 (adult), April, 1824 Brazil =Ypanema, Sao Paulo (type in the
Leyden Museum).
Nisus poliogaster Lesson, Traite d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 62, Feb., 1830 part, descr.
of adult; 2 Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Astures, p. 43, 1862 Brazil (note on
type).
Accipiter poliogaster Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 8, 1867 Ypanema, Sao Paulo;
Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 436, 1924 (range); Peters, Bds. World,
1, p. 219, 1931 (range); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata,
1, p. 408, 1936 (bibliog.; range); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 67, 1938
Porto do Sape, Rio Pardo (Rio Parana), Matto Grosso, Brazil, and Puerto
1 Accipiter poliogaster (Temminck) bears some superficial likeness to Micrastur
mirandollei, but may be recognized by less elevated maxilla; lack of every trace
of yellow at base of mandible; very nearly smooth (instead of conspicuously
hexagonally-scuted) tarsus; blackish slate pileum (not deep neutral gray, like
back); much darker upper parts, the dorsal feathers being fuscous black, apically
edged with slate gray, instead of uniform deep neutral gray, etc.
An adult female from British Guiana (jardinei) except for its larger size, is
very much like the type of A. poliogaster, having the under wing coverts uniform
pale grayish, and the sides of the head black like the crown. The bird from
Allianca, we are told by Mr. Zimmer, who examined it at our request, is a male of
the present species. It was erroneously recorded as M. mirandollei. Nothing is
known about the breeding range of this species as not more than a dozen speci-
mens exist in collections.
Additional material examined. British Guiana: Essequibo River, 1. Brazil:
Amazon Valley, 1; Allianca, Rio Madeira, 1. Paraguay: Puerto Bertoni, 1.
Argentina: Santa Ana, Misiones, 1.
2 The young birds collected by A. de St. Hilaire, one in Rio Grande do Sul,
the other at Sao Miguel, near Sao Joas d'El Rey, Minas Geraes, which we have
examined in the Paris Museum, are A. bicolor pileatus.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 69
Bertoni, Paraguay; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl.,
(3), 23, p. 49, 1945 Bolivia (Victoria, El Beni), Brazil (Santarem) (disc.).
Astur poliogaster Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 120, 1874 (descr. of type);
Bertoni, Rev. Inst. Parag., p. 11, 1907 Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay (spec,
examined); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 416, 1910
Misiones; idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 299, 1914 Santa Ana, Misiones;
Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 226, 1916 Essequibo River, British
Guiana (crit.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 27, 1919 (range); idem, Syn.
Accip., p. 44, 1921 (range); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 182, 1921 (crit.);
Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 149, 1922 Bonda, Santa
Marta, Colombia (adult female, Apr. 26, 1899); Swann, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 248, 1925 British Guiana to Paraguay (mo nog.).
Cooperastur poliogasier Gurney, Ibis, 1881, p. 258 Amazon Valley (crit.);
Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 247, 1913 Santa Ana, Misiones; idem,
I.e., 2, p. 291, 1916 same locality; idem, El Hornero, 1, p. 100, 1918
Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni) and Misiones (Santa Ana, Aug., 1912).
Urospizias jardinei Gurney, Ibis, (5), 5, p. 97, pi. 3, Jan., 1887 hab. ign.
(type in the Norwich Museum).
Astur jardinei Sharpe, Bull. Brit. Orn. CL, 10, p. Ivi, 1900 British Guiana;
Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 27, 1919 British Guiana.
Accipiter mirandollei (not Astur mirandollei Schlegel) Bertoni, Anal. Cient.
Parag., Ser. 1, No. 3, p. 6, 1904 Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay.
Micrastur mirandollei Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 409, 1910 Allianca, Rio
Madeira.
Range. Scattered records from Colombia (Bonda, Aug. 26),
British Guiana (Essequibo River), Amazonas (Itacoatiara; Allianca,
Rio Madeira), Goyaz (Rio Sao Miguel), Matto Grosso (Porto do
Sape, Rio Pardo, July), Sao Paulo (Ypanema), Bolivia (Victoria,
El Beni; Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz), Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni,
Apr. 15), and Misiones (Santa Ana, Aug. 21).
Field Museum Collection. 3: Brazil (Rio Sao Miguel, Goyaz, 1;
Itacoatiara, Amazonas, 1); Bolivia (Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1).
*Accipiter striatus velox (Wilson). SHARP-SHINNED HAWK.
Falco velox Wilson, Amer. Orn., 5, p. 116, pi. 45, fig. 1, after Feb. 12, 1812
banks of the Schuylkill River, near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (no type
in existence).
Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 13, pi. 46, fig. 1, after Aug. 12,
1812 neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (no type in existence).
Sparrius tricolor Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e'd., 10, p. 328, June 21,
1817 'TAmerique meridionale" (type in Paris Museum); Pucheran, Rev.
Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 94, 1850 "Cayenne" (crit. ;= young).
Sparvius ardosiaceus Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p. 1275, 1823
"Etats-Unis" (no type indicated).
70 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Nisus pacificus Lesson, Echo du Monde Sav., 12, No. 46, col. 1086, June 19,
1845 Acapulco to California (type evidently from San Bias, Nayarit,
Mexico; presumably in coll. of R. P. Lesson, present location unknown);
idem, Oeuvres Compl. Buff on, ed. Leveque, 20, (Descr. Mamm. Ois.),
p. 177, 1847 (reprint).
Accipiter fuscus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 134, 1868
El Mojon, Costa Rica; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 216
Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 135,
1874 (monog.).
Nisus fuscus (not Falco fuscus Miller, 1777) Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and
Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 224, 1874 (monog.); Ridgway, Bull.
U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 110, 1876 (monog.).
Accipiter velox Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 168, 1886 Tecali,
Puebla; Herrera, La Naturaleza, (2), 1, p. 176, 1888 Valley of Mexico
(fall and winter); Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 328, 1892 San Jose, Costa Rica
(Jan. 8, 1884); Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 34, 1893 Granados
and Pachico, Sonora; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves,
3, p. 48, 1899 Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua (Blewfields), Costa Rica
(El Mojon, San Jos6) and Panama (Volcan de Chiriqui) ; Riley, in Shattuck,
The Bahama Islands, p. 362, 1905 New Providence; Dearborn, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 81, 1907 Lake Atitlan, Guatemala
(April 8); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 455, 1910 Costa Rica
(Guayabo, Cariblanco de Sarapique, Volcan de Irazu, Escazu); Phillips,
Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Montelunga (Oct. 12), Altamira (Dec. 20), and
Galindo (April 22), Tamaulipas, Mexico; Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub.
Zool., 32, p. 107, 1929 Lower California (winter visitor); van Rossem,
Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 242, 1931 Sonora (Tecoripa, Saric,
Tesia; Sept., Dec., Mar.).
Accipiter velox rufilatus Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 11, p. 92, 1888
"western North America, east to the Rocky Mountains, north to Kodiak,
south into Mexico" (type from Fort Bridger, Wyoming, in U. S. National
Museum; cf. Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 122, 1905).
Accipiter velox pacificus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 122, 1905
(nomencl.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 288, 1926 Pacific coast of
United States, wintering to Mexico.
Accipiter fuscus fuscus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 31, 1919 North America
to Guatemala; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 52, 1921 (range).
Accipiter striatus velox Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 (range); van Rossem,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 428, 1934 Alancor, Sonora, and Bravo,
Chihuahua; Griscom, I.e., 78, p. 298, 1935 Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama;
Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 108,
1938 El Salvador (Puerto de Triunfo, Jan. 1; Rio San Miguel, Feb. 5;
San Salvador, Mar. 13, Apr. 25); Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool.
Ser., 24, p. 202, 1941 Chichen Itza, Yucatan; Wetmore, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 89, p. 532, 1941 Panajachel, Guatemala; van Rossem, Occ.
Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 54, 1945 Sonora (distrib.).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 71
Accipiter striatus perobscurus Snyder, 1 Occ. Pap. Roy. Ontario Mus. Zool.,
No. 4, p. 4, July 14, 1938 McClinton Creek, Massett Inlet, Graham
Island, Queen Charlotte Islands (type in Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology,
Toronto, Canada).
Accipiter striatus suttoni van Rossem, 2 Auk, 56, p. 127, col. pi. 6, April 7,
1939 Mesa del Chipinque, near Monterey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, altitude
about 4,500 feet (type in the Sutton Collection); Sutton and Burleigh,
Condor, 43, p. 159, 1941 same locality (add. notes on dist. chars.);
Sutton, Pettingill and Lea, Wilson Bull., 54, p. 199, pi., 1942 same
locality; van Rossem, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21,
p. 55, 1945 Tesia, Sonora (Dec.).
Range. Breeds from northwestern Alaska and Mackenzie east
to Quebec and Newfoundland, south to central California, Texas,
the Gulf coast and northern Florida; winters from British Columbia
and the northern border of the United States, south through Mexico
and Central America to Costa Rica (various records) and western
Panama (one record from Volcan de Chiriqui); accidental in the
Bahamas. 3
Field Museum Collection. 182: Alaska (Circle City, 1); Yukon
Territory (Yukon River, 2); British Columbia (Queen Charlotte
Islands, 1; Graham Island, 1; Comox, Vancouver Island, 7; Victoria,
1; Vancouver, 2; Princeton, 1; Okanagan, 2); Alberta (Beaverhill
Lake, 1); Saskatchewan (Maple Creek, 2); Oregon (Mitchell, Polk
County, 1; Princeville, 2; Jackson County, 2; Salem, 1); California
(Red Bluff, 1; Thermal, 1; Clipper Gap, 1; Alameda, 5; Berkeley, 1;
Enterprise County, 1; Monterey County, 7; West Port, 1; Los
Angeles County, 2; San Diego County, 3; San Mateo, 1; San Jose",
1); Arizona (Palmerlee, 1; Huachuca Mountains, 2; Tucson, 3);
1 Accipiter striatus perobscurus Snyder: The birds of the coastal region of
British Columbia and southern Alaska have recently been separated under this
name. In adults the white of the belly is said to be reduced, and in winter extreme
examples are said to be darker on the dorsal surface. In juveniles the dorsal region
is supposed to average darker and the under surface to have the dark areas in
preponderance over the light ones. The specimens in Field Museum from the
range assigned to this supposed race appear to be just as variable and in no way
to differ from a series taken in eastern North America. B.C.
2 Accipiter striatus suttoni van Rossem: Differs from A. s. velox by having
"underparts paler, redder (less brownish) and very much less maculated; chest,
lateral underparts and thighs immaculate, or nearly so, light red, between 'tawny'
or 'ochraceous tawny' and 'vinaceous russet' (of Ridgway, 1912)."
None of our Mexican birds show the characters assigned to this proposed
race, except an immature from Michoacan, taken August 13, which has the
flanks and thighs immaculate rufous. Another immature from Coahuila, taken
April 13, however, has no rufous whatsoever on the under parts. B.C.
3 After examining some eighty specimens I am unable to distinguish a western
race (pacificus), though admitting that some individuals are more cinnamomeous
underneath than the average from the eastern United States. C.E.H.
72 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Idaho (Coolin, 1; Coeur d'Alene, 2); Montana (Miles City, 1);
Colorado (Coulter County, 1; Garfield County, 2); Texas (Gaines-
ville, 1; Tivoli, 1); North Dakota (Ramsey County, 2; Towner
County, 1); Arkansas (Fayetteville, 3; Winslow, 1); Wisconsin
(Beaver Dam, 6); Illinois (Lake County, 2; Naperville, 1; Cook
County, 2); Indiana (Liverpool, 1); Nova Scotia (Seabright, 1);
Maine (Lincoln, 2); Massachusetts (Burlington, 1); Connecticut
(New London County, 3; East Hartford, 2; Litchfield County, 7;
New Haven County, 46; Stamford, 4; Bridgeport, 1; Newtown, 1);
New York (Suffolk County, 2); New Jersey (Orange, 3); North
Carolina (Raleigh, 1); Georgia (Roswell, 2); Florida (Highlands
County, 1; Amelia Island, 3; Palm Beach, 1; Key West, 1); Mexico
(El Oro, Lower California, 1 ; Sabinas, Coahuila, 1 ; Tampico, Tamau-
lipas, 2; Tancitaro, Michoacan, 1; Iguala, Guerrero, 2; Tutla, Oaxaca,
1; Chichen Itza, Yucatan, 1); Guatemala (Lake Atitlan, 1; Mixco,
Guatemala, 1; Tajamulco Volcano, San Marcos, 1); El Salvador
(San Salvador, San Salvador, 1); Costa Rica (Volcan Turrialba,
Cartago, 1).
*Accipiter striatus striatus Vieillot. HISPANIOLAN SHARP-
SHINNED HAWK.
Acdpiter striatus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 42, pi. 14, 1807
Saint Domingue (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot); Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash., 23, p. 77, 1910 part, Haiti.
Falco viellotinus (sic) Shaw, Gen. Zool., 7, (1), p. 204, 1809 based on "Le
Petit Malfini" Sonnini, in Buffon, Hist. Nat. Gen. et Part., 39, p. 67
Santo Domingo (ex Vieillot's MS.).
Nisus fuscus (not Falco fuscus Miller) Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 154,
1881 Haiti.
Acdpiter fringilloides (not of Vigors) Cory, Bds. Haiti and San Domingo,
p. 120, col. pi., 1884 Le Coup, Haiti; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 199, 1889
part, Haiti and San Domingo; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892
part, Haiti and San Domingo; idem, Auk, 12, p. 279, 1895 San Domingo;
Cherrie, Field Columb. Mus., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 22, 1896 Honduras and
Catare (descr. of adult and young); Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1909, p. 357 Miranda.
Acdpiter striatus striatus Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, p. 120 (in
text), 1914 San Domingo (chars.); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61,
p. 399, 1917 Bulla, Dominican Republic; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1,
p. 289, 1926 (monog.); Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 492,
1928 Haiti; Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 361, 1929 La Vega; Moltoni, Atti
Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 319, 1929 San Juan, Haiti; Wetmore and
Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 108, 1931 Hispaniola (monog.);
Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 Hispaniola; Wetmore and Lincoln,
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 73
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 82, (25), p. 20, 1933 Hispaniola (La Hotte, Pic
de Macaya).
Accipiter fuscus fringilloides Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 31, 1919 part,
Haiti.
Accipiter fuscus striatus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 52, 1921 San Domingo.
Range. Island of Hispaniola, Greater Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 4: Hispaniola (Catare, Santo Do-
mingo, 1; Honduras, Santo Domingo, 2; Le Coup, Petionville, Haiti,
1).
*Accipiter striatus fringilloides Vigors. 1 CUBAN SHARP-SHINNED
HAWK.
Accipiter fringilloides Vigors, Zool. Journ., 3, (11), p. 434, Dec., 1827
neighborhood of Havana, Cuba (type in coll. of N. A. Vigors, its present
location unknown); Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 255,
1860 Cuba (chars.; descr. of adult and young); Gundlach, in Poey,
Repert. Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 224, 1865 Cuba; idem, Journ. Orn.,
19, p. 368, 1871 Cuba (habits; descr. of young); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit.
Mus., 1, p. 135 (note), 1874 Cuba; Cory, Bds. W. Ind., p. 199, 1889
part, Cuba; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 98, 1892 part, Cuba; Barbour,
Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 45, 1923 Cuba (Pico Turquino, near Yara,
etc.).
Nisus fringilloides d'Orbigny, in Sagra, Hist. He Cuba, Orn., p. 18, 1839
Cuba (ex Vigors); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 117,
1876 Cuba (monog.).
Astur fuscus (not Falco fuscus Miller) Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 16, pi. 3, fig. 1,
1850 Cuba (descr.).
Nisus fuscus Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 128, 1850 Cuba; Gundlach, Journ.
Orn., 2, 1854, Extraheft, p. Ixxxiii, 1855 Cuba (one adult female).
Accipiter striatus (not of Vieillot) Riley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23, p. 77,
1910 part, Cuba.
Accipiter striatus fringilloides Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, p. 120,
1914 Guantanamo, Guawa, San Diego de los Banos, and Bayamo, Cuba
(chars.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 289, 1926 Cuba (monog.);
Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 Cuba.
Accipiter fuscus fringilloides Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 31, 1919 part, Cuba;
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 52, 1921 Cuba.
Accipiter velox (not Falco velox Wilson) Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6,
p. 45, 1923 Sierra de Yateras, Cuba (ex Gundlach).
1 Accipiter striatus fringilloides Vigors, according to Wetmore, differs from
the nominate race by lighter and grayer (deep neutral gray instead of dark to
dusty neutral gray) upper parts; mostly white tibial feathers, with merely faint
bars of mouse gray; duller, less reddish (rood brown instead of hazel) sides of
upper breast; distinctly reddish forehead; and absence of the concealed white
spots on the inner tertials.
However, the two specimens (both immatures) in Field Museum have the
white spots on the tertials.
74 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Range. Island of Cuba, Greater Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 2: Cuba (Los Palacios, Pinar del Rio,
1; unspecified, 1).
Accipiter stria tus venator Wetmore. 1 PUERTO RICAN SHARP-
SHINNED HAWK.
Accipiter striatus venator Wetmore, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 27, p. 119, July 10,
1914 Cerro Gordo, Maricao, Porto Rico (type in U. S. National Museum) ;
Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 290, 1926 Puerto Rico (ex Wetmore);
Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin Islands, 9, p. 320, 1927
Puerto Rico; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 western Puerto Rico.
Accipiter fuscus venator Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 52, 1921 Puerto Rico.
Range. Island of Puerto Rico, Greater Antilles.
*Accipiter erythronemius chionogaster Kaup. 2 WHITE-CHESTED
ACCIPITER.
Nisus (seu Accipiter) chionogaster Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 19, 1851,
p. 41, pub. Oct. 28, 1852 Coban, Guatemala (co-types in Derby Collec-
tion, now in Liverpool Museum).
Accipiter erythrocnemis (not Nisus erythronemius Kaup) Sclater and Salvin,
Ibis, 1859, p. 218 Guatemala; Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 140 Vera Paz,
Guatemala; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 303 part, Guate-
mala.
Accipiter chionogaster Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., 1, p. 27, pi. 14, 1867
Guatemala (Lanquin, Choctum, San Geronimo, Coban, and below Duenas) ;
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 148, 1874 "Caracas" 3 and Guatemala;
Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, p. 583, 1887 Trujillo, Honduras;
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 50, 1899 Guatemala
(Coban, Choctum, Lanquin, San Geronimo, Volcan de Fuego, Medio
Monte, Savanna Grande, Sierra de las Minas), Honduras (Trujillo), and
1 Accipiter striatus venator Wetmore: Nearest to A. s. striatus, but much darker
(dusky neutral gray) above; more deeply colored below, with the black shaft
stripes to the feathers more strongly defined; thigh more rufescent (hazel barred
with white) ; black bars on upper side of tail sharply defined instead of indistinct.
Adult male (only known specimen): wing, 145; tail, 116 mm.
* Accipiter erythronemius chionogaster Kaup: Separable from the white-bellied
variety of A. e. ventralis ("salvini") by darker (dark mouse-gray to dark neutral
gray) upper parts; more purely white under parts with never more than a few
criniform streaks on throat and foreneck and much paler (light buff to pinkish
buff) tibial feathers; juvenile plumage distinguishable by much paler thighs;
much narrower and paler rufescent edges to dorsal plumage; and anterior under
parts rarely with more than narrow shaft-streaks of dusky.
Additional material examined. Guatemala: Choctum, 1; Lanquin, 1; Medio
Monte, 1; Savanna Grande, 1; San Geronimo, 1; Volcan de Fuego, 1; Sierra de
las Minas, 2. Honduras: San Pedro, 1. Nicaragua: Matagalpa, 2; San Rafael
del Norte, 6.
3 Erroneous entry. The specimen is from Nicaragua and was acquired from
Auguste Salle.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 75
Nicaragua (Matagalpa, San Rafael del Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Coco);
Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 82, 1907 near Tecpam,
Guatemala; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 35, 1919 Guatemala and Nica-
ragua; Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 436, 1924 (range); Stone, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 299, 1932 Cantarranas, Honduras; Griscom,
Ibis, 1935, p. 810 Sierra de la Minas, Guatemala.
Nisus chionogasler Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 122,
1876 "Trinidad or Venezuela" * and Guatemala (monog.).
Accipiter salvini (not of Ridgway) Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1892, p. 328
Matagalpa, Nicaragua.
Accipiter chionogaster chionogaster Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 58, 1921 Guate-
mala and Nicaragua; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 317, 1926 (monog.);
Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 159, 1932 Finca La Primavera
and Monocastenango, Guatemala.
Accipiter erythronemius chionogaster Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931
Guatemala and Nicaragua; Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 108, 1938 Los Esesmiles and San Jose" de Sarare,
El Salvador (habits).
Range. Tropical zone of Guatemala, Honduras (Trujillo; Can-
tarranas; San Pedro); 2 El Salvador and Nicaragua. 3
Field Museum Collection. 6: Guatemala (Tecpam, Chimaltenan-
go, 1); Honduras (Las Flores, Tegucigalpa, 1); Nicaragua (Mata-
galpa, Matagalpa, 1; San Rafael del Norte, Matagalpa, 3).
*Accipiter erythronemius ventralis Sclater. 4 RED-CHESTED AC-
CIPITER.
Accipiter ventralis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 203 Bogota,
Colombia (type in the Norwich Museum); Sclater and Salvin, Exot.
Orn., p. 25, pi. 13, 1867 Bogota; iidem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870,
pp. 782, 788 Merida, Venezuela (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,
1 This specimen in the Salvin-Godman Collection was labelled as having
been purchased of A. Boucard, on Aug. 22, 1873. It is a Guatemalan (Vera Paz)
trade skin.
2 An adult female obtained by H. Wittkugel on June 14, 1890, in the Bruns-
wick Museum examined.
J No representative of this Hawk is found in either Costa Rica or Panama.
4 Accipiter erythronemius ventralis Sclater, unlike its two relatives, which are
remarkably uniform in both adult and juvenile plumage, exhibits an extraordinary
amount of individual variation, which gave rise to the separation of several
"species" and "races." While it is now pretty well established that A. nigro-
plumbeus is nothing but a melanistic mutation of the adult male, we are able to
show that A. salvini is merely the lightest "extreme" in the long chain of variations
leading to the rufous-bellied "phase" described as A. ventralis. This is conclusively
demonstrated by a series of nearly twenty specimens from the Merida region of
Venezuela in the British Museum, when compared with twenty-five from the
Colombian and Ecuadorian Andes in the same collection.
Considering adult birds first, it may be said that a male from Valle (May 20)
typically represents what has passed under the name A. salvini. It is nearly
76 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
1, p. 149, 1874 Colombia (Bogota, Concordia) and Peru (Cosnipata);
Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1879, pp. 541, 637 Colombia
(Retiro, Concordia, Medellin, Remedies) and Bolivia (Tilotilo, Yungas);
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 605, 1902 Ibarra, Ecuador; Berlepsch and
Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 124, 1906 Rio Cadena, Marcapata, Peru;
Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 242, 1917 San Antonio,
Barro Blanco, Andalucia, and Fomeque, Colombia; Stresemann, Journ.
Orn., 72, p. 436, 1924 western Colombia to northwestern Bolivia;
Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 224, 1926 Bucay, Naranjo,
and Anito, Ecuador (crit.).
?Nteus striatus (not Accipiter striatus Vieillot) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid.,
Ois., p. 88, 1835 Yuaracares, Bolivia (cf. Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28,
p. 180, 1921).
Accipiter erythrocnemius (not Nisiis erythronemius Kaup) Sclater, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 1855 Bogota; idem, I.e., 28, p. 96, 1860 Nanegal,
Ecuador.
Accipiter sp. Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 629, 632
Venezuela.
Accipiter nigroplumbeus Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 270,
1869 Quito Valley, Ecuador (type in Vassar College Museum, Pough-
keepsie, N. Y., now in the American Museum of Natural History, New
York; cf. Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 224, 1926); Orton,
Amer. Natur., 4, p. 711, 1871 Valley of Quito; Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 325
(crit.; note on type).
uniform white beneath with just a few criniform streaks of dusky on sides of breast.
Next comes Ridgway's type (of salvini), an adult female, with distinct, dusky
shaft-streaks on the under parts from throat to upper abdomen and strong blackish
brown striations on axillaries and under wing coverts. Then follow two males
from Valle (March 26; June 7), with the markings reduced to short streaks on
throat and breast, but with a pinkish buff tinge and some zig-zag cross-bands of
dusky on sides of chest (thus closely resembling erythronemius). A female from
Escorial (October 15) has the throat (especially laterally) and sides of breast
strongly washed with pinkish cinnamon, the breast showing a number of broad,
mouse gray cross bars. Next comes a male from Escorial (December 14), having
the chest washed with dull grayish and buffy, the breast and sides banded with
dusky and tinged with pinkish buff, passing into orange-cinnamon on the sides.
This bird is inseparable from an Ecuadorian male (Monji). A female from Paramo
de Conejps (June 18) is still darker, the under surface being dingy pinkish buff
barred with grayish and white, with the sides pinkish cinnamon, and cannot be
distinguished from one of the Bogotd skins. A male from Merida (Goering coll.)
has an even more pinkish buff chest underlaid and barred with gray, and the sides
orange cinnamon, and is exactly like a male from Intag, Ecuador. At the end
of the series stands a female from Montanas de la Sierra (Aug. 11) with light drab
breast, nearly mikado brown flanks and tibial feathers, and only obsolete grayish
bars on abdomen. It is an average example of ventralis, as found in Colombia.
The ground color of axillars and under wing coverts varies in accordance with the
coloring of the ventral surface from white to light pinkish cinnamon. The juvenile
plumage likewise shows every gradation from a (creamy) white-bellied longitudi-
nally-streaked stage (salvini) to the ventralis type, having the under parts profusely
and boldly spotted and barred with rufescent brown and dark gray. Among nine
adults from the Bogotd region, two are not distinguishable from the type of
A. salvini, another cannot be told from Goering's Merida bird and the remaining
ones represent various stages of "ventralis." An adult female from Remedies is
just as decidedly "salvini" as one from Medellin is "ventralis." Of five Ecuadorian
adults, a male from Lita is "salvini," being inseparable from one of the Valle
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 77
Nisus nigroplumbeus Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 122,
1876 (ex Lawrence).
Nisus ventralis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 120, 1876
Venezuela (Merida), Colombia and Ecuador (monog.).
Nisus salvini Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, (2), p. 121,
April 1, 1876 Merida, Venezuela (type in Salvin-Godman Coll., now in
British Museum, examined).
Accipiter erythrocnemis Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 241
Shanyn, Peru; idem, I.e., 1880, p. 211 Cutervo, Peru; idem, Orn. Per.,
1, p. 163, 1884 Peru (Shanyn, Tambillo, Cutervo); Lonnberg and Ren-
dahl, Ark. Zool., 14, (25), p. 35, 1922 Pomasqui, above Nono, Mojanda
and Niebli, Ecuador.
Accipiter salvini Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 35, 1919 Venezuela (chars.;
crit.); idem, Auk, 38, p. 358, 1921 Escorial, Montanas "Conefos"
(=Conejos), "Blechitera" (=Hechisera), and Valle, Merida; Todd and
Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 148, 1922 Cincinnati and Cerro
de Caracas, Santa Marta, Colombia; Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 436,
1924 Santa Marta and Andes of Merida.
Accipiter ventralis ventralis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 35, 1919 Venezuela
to Colombia; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 58, 1921 Venezuela and Colombia to
northwestern Bolivia; idem, Auk, 38, p. 358, 1921 Valle and El Escorial,
Merida (crit.); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, (25), p. 34, 1922
Piganta (near Mojanda) and near Carapungo, Ecuador (crit.); Swann,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 319, 1926 (monog.).
birds (June 7); one from Monje is practically like Goering's specimen from Merida;
the others are of the "ventralis" type, one being even darker (russet) underneath
than any other example we have seen.
An adult female from southern Peru (Ccachupata) and three adults from
Bolivia are of the average "ventralis" coloration and can be matched by various
Bogota skins.
Turning now to the other extremity of the range, we find that six out of seven
birds from the Caracas region of Venezuela are typically "salvini," while one, in
juvenile dress, is a very characteristic "ventralis." It results from the preceding
that there is no stable difference in coloration between the populations of Vene-
zuela, Colombia and Ecuador, "salvini" and "ventralis" together, with an unbroken
chain of intermediates, being found alongside each other throughout that range.
However it cannot be denied that the various types of coloring do not occur every-
where in the same proportion. The "salvini" type predominates in the Venezuelan
north coast mountains; constitutes about half of the population in the Merida
region; is not infrequent in the east Colombian Andes; and springs up occasionally
in the more westerly parts of Colombia and in western Ecuador. It has not yet
been recorded from either Peru or Bolivia. On the other hand, the mutation with
mostly dark gray under parts (nigroplumbeus) is only known from the Cauca
Valley of Colombia and Ecuador. To provide these populations with different
names would serve no practical purpose, since a large number of individuals could
be identified only through the localities on their labels.
Additional material examined. Venezuela: Caracas region: Caracas, 3,
Galipan, Cerro del Avila, 3, Silla de Caracas, 1; Merida region: Merida, 3, Valle, 9,
Escorial, 4, Carbonera, 1, Paramo Conejos, 1, Montanas de la Sierra, 1, Nevados,
1. Colombia: Anolaima, 2, Bogota, 11, Remedies, 1, Medellin, 1, Retire, Con-
cordia, 2. Ecuador: Lita (Prov. Imbabura), 1, Intaq, 2, Monji, 2, Quito Valley, 3,
near Piganta, west side of Mt. Mojanda, 1, Balya, 1, unspecified (A. nigroplumbeus),
1. Peru: Ccachupata (alt. 11,000 ft.), Dept. Cuzco, 1, Marcapata, 1. Bolivia:
Tilotilo, 1, Sandillani, 1, Chulumani, 1.
78 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Accipiter ventralis nigroplumbeus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 35, 1919
Ecuador and Peru; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 59, 1921 (range); Lonnberg and
Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, (25), p. 34, 1922 Pichincha, western side of
Mojanda, near Gualea, and Carapungo, Ecuador (crit.); Swann, Monog.
Bds. Prey, 1, p. 320, 1926 Ecuador and Peru.
Accipiter ethronemius (sic) salvini Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 58, 1921 Venezuela.
Accipiter chionogaster venezuelensis Swann, 1 Syn. Accip., p. 58, Sept. 28,
1921 Escorial, Merida, Venezuela (type in coll. of H. Kirke Swann, now
in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 188, 1930); idem, Auk, 38, No. 3, "July,"
p. 358, pub. Oct. 5, 1921 Escorial; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 318,
1926 Escorial.
Accipiter erythronemius salvini Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 316, 1926
(monog.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 224, 1926 western
Ecuador; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 (range).
Accipiter erythronemius ventralis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 221, 1931 (range);
Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., p. 245, 1938 Chinchao,
Huanuco, Peru; Peters and Griswold, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 92, p. 291,
1943 (chars.).
Range. Western Venezuela (north coast mountains [Sucre] to
the Sierra of Merida) and the Andes from Colombia (including Santa
Marta Mountains) through Ecuador and Peru to western Bolivia
(Cochabamba).
Field Museum Collection. 36: Venezuela (Mount Turumiquire,
Sucre, 1); Colombia (Paramo de Tama, Santander, 1; El Tambo,
Munchique, Cauca, 16; Coconuco, Cauca, 2; unspecified, 1); Ecuador
(Cerro Tanlagua, Pichincha, 2; Volcan Pichincha, 1; Rio Nambillo,
Pichincha, 1; Quinchicoto, Tungaragua, 1; Verde Cocha, Occidente,
1; Banos Azuay, 1; San Martin, Azuay, 1; Huaico, Loja, 1; Loja
Valley, 1; Casanga, Napo-Pastaza, 1); Peru (Chinchao, Huanuco, 1;
Alto Quimire, Chanchamayo, Junin, 2) ; Bolivia (Yungas El Palmar,
Cochabamba, 1).
*Accipiter erythronemius erythronemius Kaup. RED-THIGHED
ACCIPITER.
Nisus vel Acc(ipiter) erythronemius (G. R. Gray MS.) 2 Kaup, Contr. Orn.,
3, p. 64, 1850 "Bolivia" (type 3 in, British Museum examined).
1 Based on an individual mutant of the Merida bird with unusually pale
tibial feathers. Aside from that, the specimen is a normal "salvini."
4 Accipiter erythronemia G. R. Gray (List Spec. Brit. Mus., 1, Accipitres, p. 70,
1848) and Accipiter erythronemus "Gray" Kaup (Isis, 1847, col. 954) are nomina
nuda.
3 The type is of uncertain origin. It was entered by Gray (1848, p. 70) as
"spec, a, Chile? male Bridges," while Sharpe (Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 148)
lists it as "spec. a. male ad. st. Brazil(?), Purchased," and in a footnote at bottom
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 79
Falco nisus (not of Linnaeus) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. Ill, 1830
Camamu, Bahia.
Nisus striatus (not Accipiter striatus Vieillot) Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th.
Bras., 2, (1), p. 71, 1856 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, and Nova Friburgo,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 41 Cosquin,
Cordoba.
Accipiter erythrocnemis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 303 part,
Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 33, pi. 17, 1867 Brazil (Bahia,
Lagoa Santa, Nova Friburgo); Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 21, p. 286, 1873
Blumenau, Santa Catharina; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 135 banks of the Rio
Gato (northwest of Gualeguaychu), Entre Rios; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit.
Mus., 1, p. 147, 1874 Brazil and Bolivia; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits.
Ges. Orn., 2, p. 170, 1885 Taquara and Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do
Sul; Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 30, 1897 Bolivia
(Caiza) and Salta (Tala); Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16,
p. 139, 1899 Munda Novo and Linha Piraja, Rio Grande do Sul; idem,
Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 350, 1899 Cachoeira, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4,
p. 162, 1900 Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac.
Buenos Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 Rio Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr.
Cienc. Soc., 3, (13), p. 62, 1905 Rio Sali; Hartert and Venturi, Nov.
Zool., 16, p. 238, 1909 Tucuman (Tapia, Rio Sali) and Salta (Valle del
Lerma); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, pp. 242, 414, 1910
(range in Argentina); idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 300, 1914 (range in
Argentina); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Paraguay; Swann, Syn.
List Accip., p. 35, 1919 Brazil to Bolivia; Mnegaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn.,
1925, p. 279 Santiago del Estero (Icano, La Palisa), Parana (Fazenda
Concordia); Sztolcman, Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 122, 1926.
Nisus erythrocnemius Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 228, 1874 Rio de Janeiro
(Cantagallo) ; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 88, 1907 Cachoeira and
Campo de Jordao, Sao Paulo; Chrostowski, Compt. Rend. Soc. Sci.
Varsovie, 5, pp. 468, 494, 1913 Vera Guarany, Parana.
Nisus erythrocnemis Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, p. 118,
1876 (monog.).
Accipiter ventralis (not of Sclater) Baer, Ornis, 12, p. 229, 1904 Tapia, Tucu-
man (spec, examined); Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62,
1905 (ex Baer).
Accipiter erythronemius Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 57, 1921 Brazil to Bolivia
and Argentina; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 181, 1921 (range); Giacomelli,
El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 Saladillo, La Rioja; Stresemann, Journ.
Orn., 72, p. 43, 1924 (range); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133,
p. 115, 1926 Rio Negro, Uruguay; Pereyra, El Hornero, 6, p. 438, 1937
Partido de Loberia, Estacion Nutrias del F. C. S., Buenos Aires.
of page states "said to have been from Jamaica, collected by Gosse, but the
register probably erroneous." Owing to the loss of the original Register number,
its history cannot be traced back to the source, though it should be mentioned
that no hawk is inscribed on the books among the birds secured by Thomas
Bridges in Bolivia (46.9.9.1-271). The specimen agrees perfectly with Kaup's
description and the figure of the adult in "Exotic Ornithology, pi. 17."
80 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Accipiter erythronemius erythronemius Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 315,
1926 (monog.); Holt, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 57, p. 203, 1928 Rio de
Janeiro (Morro dos Carneiros; Serra Itatiaya); Peters, Bds. World, 1,
p. 222, 1931 (range); Laubmann, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 289, 1934
Estancia La Geraldina, Santa Fe; Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus.
La Plata, 1, p. 407, 1936 Salta (Puerto Diaz, Oran) and Tucuman (Rio
Sali); Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 68, 1937 Bahia (Bomfim), Sao
Paulo (Cachoeira; Campos do Jordao; Serra da Cantareira), Parana
(Castro), and Matto Grosso (Campo Grande).
Accipiter erythrocnemius Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp.,
Vogel, p. 101, 1930 Villa Montes, Tarija, Bolivia.
Range. Southern half of Brazil, from Bahia (Villa Nova da
Reinha, Lamarao, Camamu, Caravellas) south to Rio Grande do
Sul, west to Matto Grosso (Campo Grande) ; eastern Bolivia (Depts.
of Santa Cruz and Tarija); Paraguayan Chaco; Uruguay (Rio
Negro) ; and northern Argentina, from the Bolivian boundary south
to Cordoba (Cosquin), Santa Fe (Est. La Geraldina), and Entre
Rios (Rio Gato, Gualeguaychu) ; occasional even in Buenos Aires
(one record from Partido de Loberia, F.C.S.). 1
Field Museum Collection. 10: Brazil (Fazenda Morungaba,
Parana, 1); Paraguay, Chaco (180-265 km. west of Puerto Casado,
2); Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 6; El Carrizal, Sierra de
Cordoba, 1).
Genus HETEROSPIZIAS Sharpe
Heterospizias Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, pp. 158, 160, 1874 type, by
monotypy, Falco meridionalis Latham.
*Heterospizias meridionalis (Latham). SAVANNA HAWK.
Falco meridionalis Latham, 2 Ind. Orn., 1, p. 36, 1790 based on "Rufous-
headed Falcon" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 33, Cayenne.
Circus rufulus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 4, p. 466, 1816
based on "Gavilan de Estero acanelado" Azara, No. 11, Paraguay (not
farther south than 29 S. Lat.).
Falco rutilans Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PL Col., livr. 5, pi. 25, Sept., 1820
Brazil and Guiana (type in Paris Museum); Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl.
1 Ten specimens from Tucuman and three from Bolivia do not seem to differ
appreciably from Brazilian skins.
Additional material examined. Bolivia: Santa Cruz, 1; Villa Montes, Tarija,
2. Argentina: Tapia, Tucuman, 2; Rio Sali, Tucuman, 2. Brazil: Bahia, 1;
Caravellas, Bahia, 3; Lamarao, Bahia, 1; Rio de Janeiro, 1; Victoria, Sao Paulo, 1;
Roca Nova, Serra do Mar, Parana, 2; Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, 1; unspecified,
2.
2 Latham's description is none too good, as has been remarked by various
authors.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 81
Berliner Mus., p. 60, 1823 Brazil; Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1),
p. 218, 1830 Rio Parahyba (Sao Bento, Rio Barganza, Lagoa Feia) and
Bahia, Brazil.
Aquila buson "Latham" Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1824 "ad flumen
Amazonum," Brazil (type lost; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl.
Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 568, 1906).
Buteo rutilans d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Me>id., Ois., p. 104, 1836; Lafresnaye
and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 6, 1837 Corrientes,
Buenos Aires, and Bolivia (Chiquitos, Moxos).
Hypomorphnus rutilans Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 264, 1844 Peru;
idem, Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 84, 1846 "wood-and-ceja" region of
Peru; Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 740,
1849 savannas of British Guiana.
Asturina rutilans Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 80, 1855 Bahia;
idem, Journ. Orn., 8, p. 242, 1860 Tucuman; idem, Reise La Plata St.,
2, p. 436, 1861 Tucuman; Doering, Period. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 247, 1874
Rio Guayquiraro, Corrientes; Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires,
3, p. 316, 1889 Rio Chico, Chubut.
Buteogallus meridionalis Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 288, 1860
Babahoyo, Ecuador.
Buteo meridionalis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteones, p. 17, 1862 Surinam
and Brazil.
Urubitinga meridionalis Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 138, 180,
1862 Bogota and Brazil (Sapitiba, Ypanema) (soft parts); Sclater and
Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 589 Mexiana, Brazil; Pelzeln,
Orn. Bras., 1, p. 2, 1868 Rio de Janeiro (Sapitiba), Sao Paulo (Sao
Paulo, Ypanema, Jaguaraiba, Itarare", Rio Parana), Matto Grosso
(Cuyaba), and Forte do Rio Branco, Brazil; Sclater and Salvin, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, pp. 252, 634 Venezuela (Plain of Valencia) and
Buenos Aires (Conchitas); Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren.,
1870, p. 71 Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 382
Aguachica, Magdalena, Colombia; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136 Rio Gato,
near Gualeguaychu, Entre Rios; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1879, p. 241 Guajango, Peru; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1879, p. 206
Santa Marta, Colombia; Salvin, Ibis, 1880, p. 362 Salta, Argentina.
Heterospizias meridionalis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 160, 1874
(monog.); Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 2, No. 2, p. 136,
1876 New Granada, Para, and Corrientes (monog.); Taczanowski, Orn.
Pe>., 3, p. 110, 1884 Peru (Lambedero, Guajango); Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 109,
1884 Conception del Uruguay, Entre Rios; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 74
British Guiana; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 63, 1889 Argentina
(habits); Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Cordoba; Riker and Chap-
man, Auk, 8, p. 161, 1891 Santare'm, Brazil; Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 143
lower Pilcomayo; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 145, 1893 Chapada,
Matto Grosso (plumages); Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208,
p. 20, 1895 Carayao and Puerto Pagani, Paraguay; idem, I.e., 12,
No. 292, p. 29, 1897 Caiza, Bolivia, and Tala, Salta; Ihering, Ann. Est.
Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899 Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande do
82 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 351, 1899 Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4,
p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Salvin and Godman, Biol.
Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 87, 1900 Santa Fe, Veraguas; Salvador! and
Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 29, 1900 Vinces, Ecuador;
Salvadori, I.e., 15, No. 378, p. 13, 1900 Urucum, Matto Grosso; Lillo,
Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 Rio Salf and Rio Tala,
Tucuman; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 113, 1902 Altagracia,
Caicara, and Quiribana de Caicara, Orinoco, Venezuela; Lonnberg, Ibis,
1903, p. 465 Tatarenda, Tarija, Bolivia; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.),
26, p. 20, 1907 Mexiana Island, Brazil (habits); Ihering, Cat. Faun.
Braz., 1, p. 88, 1907 Ypiranga, Sao Paulo, and Fazenda da Faya, Matto
Grosso; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 292, 1908 Cayenne; Beebe, Zoo-
logica (N.Y.), 1, p. 80, 1909 Guanoco, Orinoco Delta; Hartert and
Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 238, 1909 Mocovi, Chaco, and Los Vasquez,
Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 243, 1910
(range in Argentina); Chubb, Ibis, 1910, p. 72 Sapucay, Paraguay;
Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 90, 1910
Bahia (near Sambaiba, Rio Sao Francisco) and Piauhy (Lagoa do Saco
and Santo Antonio de Gilbues); Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl.
Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, (2), p. 121, 1912 Mexiana; Snethlage, Bol. Mus.
Goeldi, 8, p. 29, 1914 Rio Xingu (Victoria), Marajo (Pacoval, Rio
Arary, Sao Natal), and Mexiana, Brazil; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42,
1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13,
p. 62, 1915 Rio Salf and Rio Tala, Tucuman; Scott and Sharpe, Rep.
Princet. Univ. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 610, 1915 Rio Chico, Chubut
(ex Burmeister); Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 343, 1916
savanna region of the Orinoco; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 229,
1916 upper Takutu Mountains; Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35, p. 444, 1918
Perico, Peru; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 40, 1919 (range); Arribalzaga,
El Hornero, 2, p. 92, 1920 Chaco; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for
1922-23, p. 629, 1924 Prov. Buenos Aires; M6n6gaux, Rev. Franc.
d'Orn., 1925, p. 279 Laguna Mamaita, near Icano, Santiago del Estero;
Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 7 coastland of British Guiana (habits); Berlioz,
Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (2), 4, p. 230, 1932 Isle Silva and La Palma,
Rio Babahoyo, Ecuador; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 313,
1932 Perm6, Darien, Panama; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc.,
Bogota, 4, p. 398, pi. 6, fig. 34, 1941 Colombia.
Heterospizias meridionalis australis Swann, Auk, 38, No. 3, p. 359, Oct. 5,
1921 Laguna de "Malima" [=Malvinas], Tucuman, Argentina (type in
coll. of H. K. Swann, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Mass.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 67, 1921 Argentina; idem, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 344, 1926 Argentina (monog.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 133, p. 114, 1926 Riacho Pilaga (Formosa), Buenos Aires, and
Corrientes (crit.); Smyth, El Hornero, 4, p. 14, 1927 Manchala, Tucu-
man (egg descr.); Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel,
p. 102, 1930 Mission Tacaagte, Formosa; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 226,
1931 (range); Laubmann, Verh. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 291, 1934 Est.
La Geraldina, Santa Fe~ (crit.).
Heterospizias meridionalis meridionalis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 66, 1921
Panama to Paraguay; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14,
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 83
p. 161, 1922 Mamatoco, Bonda, and Fundaci6n, Colombia; Wetmore,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 113, 1926 west of Puerto Pinasco, Para-
guay; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 342, pi. [17], 1926 (monog.); Chap-
man, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 225, 1926 Puna Island, Alamor,
and Guainche', Ecuador; Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser.,
12, p. 459, 1929 Piauhy; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60,
p. 106, 1930 Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco
Exp., Vogel, p. 101, 1930 La Crecencia, Santa Cruz, and Villa Montes,
Tarija, Bolivia (crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 226, 1931 (range);
Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 366, 1931 Rio Frio, Magda-
lena, Colombia; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 590 Trinidad (nest
and eggs); Roberts, Trop. Agric., 11, p. 89, 1934 Piarco Savannah,
Trinidad; Stone and Roberts, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 86, p. 371,
1934 Descalvados, Matto Grosso; Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
78, p. 298, 1935 Pacific slope of ChiriquI and Veraguas; Pinto, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 20, p. 51, 1936 Fazenda Formiga, Rio das Almas, Goyaz;
Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 50, 1945
Bresta, El Beni, Bolivia (disc.).
Heterospizias meridionalis rufulus Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus.
La Plata, 1, p. 409, 1936 Salta (Rosario), Tucuman (Barranca Colorado),
and Napalpi (Chaco) (crit.).
Range. Western Panama (Pacific slope of Chiriqui and Vera-
guas) 1 south to western Ecuador, and through Colombia and Vene-
zuela to the Island of Trinidad and southward through the Guianas,
eastern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and Brazil to Rio Grande do Sul,
Paraguay, and northern Argentina as far south as Tucuman, Cor-
doba, Entre Rios, and Buenos Aires (one record, by C. Burmeister,
from the Rio Chico, Chubut). 2
1 The records from Mexico by Swainson (Phil. Mag., n.s., 1, p. 366, 1827,
s.n. Circus rutilans) and from Costa Rica by Zeled6n (Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa
Rica, 1, p. 126, 1887) have never been confirmed.
2 Subdivision of the Savanna Hawk appears to be impracticable. The color
differences given by Swann do not exist at all, paler and darker birds being found
alike in the northern and southern parts of the range. All that can be said is that
there is a gradual increase in size, as one advances in a southerly direction, but
the variation is rather erratic, and unless a much larger series of properly sexed
specimens than are at present available in any museum supply more satisfactory
evidence, we do not see any practical advantage in maintaining a southern form
(rufulus or australis). An adult female from Maturin, Venezuela, has a wing of
428 mm., and one from Maraj6, northern Brazil, one of 425 mm., while adult
females from Tucuman have wings from 425 to 450 mm. Steullet and Deautier
give the wing of an adult male from Napalpf, Chaco, as 407 mm., and Laubmann
that of one from Zanja Morotf, Apa hills, northern Paraguay, as 400 mm., thus
agreeing with others from the north. Four adult males from Bolivia all measure
under 400 mm., while three supposed adult females vary from 403 to 432 mm.
Two adult females from Sao Paulo (wings, 450 mm.) are among the largest we
have seen. Wetmore, however, records 412 mm. for a female from west of Puerto
Pinasco, Paraguay, which should pertain to australis, but is smaller than those
from Maturin, Venezuela, and Maraj6, northern Brazil.
Twenty-six additional adult birds, including three from Agua Dulce, Panama,
were examined.
84 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Field Museum Collection. 67: Panama (unspecified, 1); Colombia
(Santander, Valle, 1; Maicao, Guajira, 2; Villavicencio, Meta, 3);
Ecuador (Malacatos, Loja, 2; Cerro Cayambe, Oriente, 1); Vene-
zuela (Maracay, Aragua, 2) ; British Guiana (Georgetown, 1 ; Buxton,
5); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco, 3; Canutama, Rio Purus, 3;
Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 3; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 1; Boca
Ituqui, Para, 2; Obidos, Para, 2; Quixada, Ceara, 1; Sao Marcello,
Bahia, 1; Descalvados Ranch, Matto Grosso, 1; Chapada, Matto
Grosso, 2; Vaccaria, Matto Grosso, 1); Bolivia (Cercado, Santa
Cruz, 4; Nueva Moka, 2; San Carlos, 3; Buena Vista, 4); Paraguay
(83 km. west of Puerto Casado, 3; Puerto Casado, 3; Horqueta, 3);
Argentina (Concepcion, Tucuman, 7).
Subfamily BUTEONINAE. Buzzards and Eagles
Genus BUTEO Lace"pede
Buteo LacSpede, Tabl. Meth. Ois., p. 4, 1799 type, by tautonymy, "Buteo"=
Falco buteo Linnaeus.
Asturina Vieillot, 1 Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., pp. 24, 68, April, 1816 type
by orig. desig., "Asturia" (sic) cinerea Vieillot =Falco nitidus Latham.
Triorchis Kaup, Skizz. Entw. Gesch. Europ. Thierw., p. 84, 1829 type,
by monotypy (p. 83), Falco lagopus Gmelin=.FaJco lagopus Pontoppidan.
Archibuteo Brehm, 2 Handl. Naturg. Deuts., p. 38, 1831 type, by virtual
monotypy, Archibuteo planiceps Brehm and Archibuteo alticep Brehm,
both = Falco lagopus Brunnich.
Craxirex Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, Part 6, p. 22, Jan., 1839
type, by monotypy, Polyborus galapagoensis Gould.
Rupornis Kaup, 3 Classif. Saug. Vb'gel, p. 120, 1844 type, by monotypy,
Falco magnirostris Gmelin.
Geranoaetus Kaup, 4 Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 122, 1844 type, by monotypy,
Falco aguja Temmmck=Spizaetus fuscescens Vieillot.
Tachytriorchis Kaup, Classif. Saug. Vogel, p. 123, 1844 type, by monotypy,
Falco pteroclea (sic) Temminck=.Bttteo albicaudatus.
Rypornis Sundevall, Ofv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 31, No. 2, p. 25, 1874
substitute for Rupornis Kaup.
Dromolestes Sundevall, Ofv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 31, No. 2, p. 27, 1874
substitute for Craxirex Gould.
Heteroaetus Kaup, Mus. Senckenb., 3, p. 261, 1845 new name for Geranoaetus
Kaup.
1 Cf. A. J. van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 429, 1934.
1 Archibuteo Brehm (Isis, 1828, col. 1269) is a nomen nudum.
* Cf. Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 228 (notes), 1931.
4 Cf. Wetmore, Auk, 50, p. 212, 1933.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 85
Heteraetus Kaup, Arch. Naturg., 16, (1), p. 39, 1850 type, by monotypy,
Falco aguia Temminck.
Poecilopternis Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 329 type, by subs, desig. (Sharpe, Cat.
Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 164, 1874), Falco latissimus Bonaparte=Spam'us
platypterus Vieillot.
Buleola (Du Bus MS.) Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, 41,
No. 17, p. 651 (for Oct. 22), 1855 type, by orig. desig., Buteo brachyurus
Vieillot.
Potamolegus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 158, Jan., 1901 type,
by subs, desig. (Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 228, 1931), Potamolegus super-
ciliaris magniplumis Bertoni.
Percnohierax Ridgway, Smiths. Misc. Coll., 72, No. 4, p. 2, Dec. 6, 1920
type, by orig. desig., Falco leucorrhous Quoy and Gaimard.
Coryornis Ridgway, Auk, 42, p. 585, Oct. 6, 1925 type, by orig. desig.,
Rupornis Ridgwayi Cory.
*Buteo polyosoma polyosoma (Quoy and Gaimard). RED-
BACKED BUZZARD.
Falco polyosoma Quoy and Gaimard, in Freycinet, Voyage "Uranie et Phy-
sicienne," Zool., livr. 3, p. 92, pi. 14, Aug., 1824 Falkland Islands (descr.
of melanistic variety; type in Paris Museum).
Haliaetus erythronotus King, Zool. Journ., 3, No. 11, p. 424, Sept.-Dec.,
1827 Straits of Magellan (descr. of normal adult female; location of
type unknown).
Buteo poliosoma Lesson, Voy. Coquille, Zool., 1, (2), livr. 14, p. 616, 1830
Falkland Islands; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 384 (footnote),
1860 Falkland Islands; idem, Ibis, 1860, p. 25, pi. 7, fig. 3 (egg)
Falkland Islands (egg descr.); Abbott, Ibis, 1861, p. 151 Falkland Islands
(nest and eggs); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 45 Falkland
Islands; Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 243, 1868 Santiago, Chile;
Reed, I.e., 93, p. 205, 1896 Chile; Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet.
Univ. Exped. Patag., Orn., 2, (1), p. 631, 1915 Patagonia; Bennett,
Ibis, 1926, p. 330 Falkland Islands; Marelli, El Hornero, 5, p. 194,
1933 Fortin Chaco and Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires.
Aquila braccata Meyen, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur., 16,
Suppl. 1, p. 65, pi. 18, 1834 "Desierta de Copiapo," Atacama, Chile
(descr. of normal adult male; type in Berlin Museum).
Buteo tricolor d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame"r. M6rid., Ois., p. 106, pi. 3, 1836 Pata-
gonia (Rio Negro), Chile (Santiago) and Bolivia (La Paz) (type from
Rio Negro, Patagonia, in Paris Museum examined); Lafresnaye and
d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 6, 1837 Patagonia
and Bolivia (descr. of both sexes in normal phase); Tschudi, Unters. Faun.
Peru., Orn., p. 90, 1846 Peru (descr. male and female); Burmeister,
Journ. Orn., 8, p. 242, 1860 western and northern Argentina; idem,
Reise La Plata St., 2, p. 436, 1861 Mendoza and Tucuman; Doering,
Period. Zool. Arg., 1, p. 247, 1874 Barrancas, Rio Guayquiraro, Cor-
rientes; Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, p. 315, 1889
86 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Rio Chico, Chubut; Hellmayr, Nov. ZooL, 28, p. 186, 1921 Patagonia
(crit. note on type).
Buteo unicolor d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 109, 1836 near Palca,
Ayupaya, Bolivia (descr. of melanistic young; type in Paris Museum
examined); Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. ZooL, 7,
cl. 2, p. 7, 1837 Ayupaya, Bolivia; Gurney, Ibis, 1876, pp. 69, 242 (crit.);
Hellmayr, Nov. ZooL, 28, p. 186, 1921 (crit. on type).
Buteo varius Gould, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 5, p. 10, Oct. 3, 1837 "Santa
Cruz," (errore), Patagonia (descr. of normal juvenile plumage; type now
in Norwich Museum (cf. Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 69); Gould, in Darwin,
ZooL Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 26, 1839 Straits of Magellan and Port San
Julian in southern Patagonia; Cassin, U. S. Expl. Exp., 8, pp. 92, 429,
pi. 3, fig. 1, 1858 Rio Negro and Orange Bay (Hoste Island); Gould,
Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 27, p. 94, 1859 Falkland Islands; Sclater, I.e.,
28, p. 384, 1860 Falkland Islands; Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 69,
(note 5), 1884.
Buteo erythronotus Darwin, ZooL Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 26, 1839 Chiloe, Chile
and Falkland Islands; Frazer, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 11, p. 109, 1843
Chile; Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Ffs. Pol. Chile, ZooL, 1, p. 215, 1847
Chile (Conception); Bibra, Denks. Math. Naturw. Kl. Akad. Wiss.
Wien, 5, (2), p. 128, 1853 Cordillera (of Santiago), Chile; Boeck, Nau-
mannia, 1855, p. 497 Valdivia, Chile; Cassin, U. S. Astr. Exp., 2, p. 175,
1855 Chile; Jardine, Edinb. New Phil. Journ., n. s., 2, p. 117, 1855
elevated tableland of the eastern Cordillera, Ecuador (crit.); Gould,
Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 27, p. 93, 1859 Falkland Islands (egg); Sclater,
I.e., 28, p. 384, 1860 Falkland Islands; Germain, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,
7, p. 309, 1860 Santiago, Chile (nesting habits); Abbott, Ibis, 1861,
p. 151 Falkland Islands; Sclater, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 45
Falkland Islands; Pelzeln, Verh. ZooL Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 143, 1862
Chile (crit.); Sclater, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 329, 338 Chile;
Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1867, p. 988 Arequipa, Peru; Philippi, Anal.
Univ. Chile, 31, p. 243, 1868 Chile; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1868,
p. 188 Sandy Point, Magellan Straits; iidem, I.e., 1869, p. 284 Fox
Bay, West Falkland Island; iidem, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 155
Tinta, Peru; Durnford, Ibis, 1870, p. 397 Chubut Valley; Sclater, Proc.
ZooL Soc. Lond., 1872, p. 549 Rio Negro, Patagonia; Sclater and Salvin,
I.e., 1874, p. 678 Paucartambo, Peru; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,
1, p. 172, 1874 part, spec, a-m, s, t, Falklands and Magallania; Allen,
Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, 3, p. 355, 1876 Moho, Lake Titicaca, Peru;
Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 38 Chubut Valley and Punta Ninfas, Chubut;
Gibson, I.e., 1879, p. 411 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Salvin, I.e.,
1880, p. 362 Salta; Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, ZooL,
p. 50, 1881 between Azul and Carhue, Buenos Aires and near the Rio
Colorado; Salvin, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 426 Coquimbo, Chile;
Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 109, 1884 between Carhue and Azul, Buenos Aires;
Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 3, p. 115, 1884 Peru (Pacasmayo, Guadalupe,
Tumbez, etc.); Philippi, Ornis, 4, p. 158, 1888 Cebollar, Antofagasta,
Chile; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 469 Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires;
Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 62, 1889 Argentina (habits);
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 87
Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1891, p. 135 part, Canchosa, Tarapacd,
Chile; Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Sierra Arenas, Straits of
Magellan; Lataste, Act. Soc. Sci. Chile, 5, p. Ix, 1895 Llohue (Itata),
Maule; Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 285, 1895 Chilecito, La
Rioja; Holland, Ibis, 1895, p. 216 Santa Elena, Entre Rios, Salta (habits);
Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 205, 1896 cordilleras of central provinces
of Chile; Salvador!, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 28, 1897
Tala; Lane, Ibis, 1897, p. 179 part, Cancosa, Tarapaca, Chile; Schalow,
Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 4, p. 695, 1898 Pampa Tamarugal, Iquique, Tara-
paca, Chile; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368,
p. 30, 1900 La Concepci6n (Nota) and Santa Elena, Ecuador; Salvadori,
Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, 40, p. 614, 1900 Rio Pescado,
Magellan Straits and Santa Cruz; Albert, Anal. Univ. Chile, 108, p. 255,
1901 Chile (crit.); idem, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl. 5, p. 648, 1902 Chile
(crit.); idem, Ornis, 71, p. 442, 1902 Chile (crit.); Berlepsch and Stolz-
mann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 42 Ingapirca and Maraynioc,
Junfn, Peru; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 204, 1902
Rio Sali, Tucuman; Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 13, 1902
Chile (crit.); Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p. 447 Moreno, Puna of Jujuy;
Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 Rio Sali, Tucuman;
Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, pp. 124, 130, 1906 Huaynapata
and Puno, southeastern Peru; Crawshay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 12,
1907 San Sebastian, Sara and Rio McClelland; Dabbene, Anal. Mus.
Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 244, 1910 (range in Argentina); Scott and
Sharpe, Rep. Univ. Princet. Exped. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 634, 1915 Rio
Chico, Arroyo Eke, Coy Inlet and Punta Arenas; Reed, Av. Prov.
Mendoza, p. 21, 1916 plains of Mendoza; Sanzin, El Hornero, 1, p. 149,
1918 Tunuyan, Mendoza; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 281 part, Eten and
Sullana, Peru; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 508 Cape San Antonio, Buenos
Aires; Tremoleras, El Hornero, 2, p. 17, 1920 Flores and San Jos6,
Uruguay; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 57, 1921 Peru to
Tierra del Fuego (crit.; meas.); Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 25, p. 176,
1921 Rio Blanco, Aconcagua, Chile; Wace, El Hornero, 2, p. 203, 1921
Falkland Islands; Daguerre, I.e., p. 266, 1922 Rosas, Buenos Aires;
Serie and Smyth, 77, 1923 La Rioja; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ.
for 1922-23, p. 630, 1924 Prov. Buenos Aires (Aziel, Lomas de Zamora);
Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 29, pp. 141, 225, 1925 San Bernardo,
Santiago and Isla La Mocha, Arauco, Chile; M6ngaux, Rev. Franc.
d'Orn., 1925, p. 280 near Icano, Bracho and Laguna de Canitas, Santiago
del Estero; Bennett, Ibis, 1926, p. 330 Falkland Islands; Wilson, El
Hornero, 3, p. 356, 1926 Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe; Barros, Rev. Chil.
Hist. Nat., 30, p. 142, 1926 Nilahue, Curico, Chile; Jaffuel and Pirion,
I.e., 31, p. 103, 1927 Marga-Marga Valley, Valparaiso, Chile; Bullock,
I.e., 33, pp. 126, 196, 1929 Nahuelbuta and Angol, Malleco, Chile;
Housse, I.e., 33, p. 243, 1929 Chile (crit.); (?)Budin, El Hornero, p. 406,
1931 Maimara, Jujuy; Castellanos, I.e., 5, p. 406, 1932 Valle de los
Reartes, Cordoba and Tafi Viejo, Tucuman.
Hypomorphnus leucurus (not Spizaetris leucurus Vieillot) Lafresnaye, Rev.
Mag. Zool., (2), 1, p. 388, 1849 (in part).
88 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Buteo infulatus Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 76 "Galapagos" = Port Desire,
Patagonia (descr. of young; type in the British Museum examined; cf.
Swarth and Kinnear, Occ. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sci., 18, p. 50, 1931).
Buteo leucops (G. R. Gray MS.) Kaup, Arch. Naturg., 16, (1), p. 40, 1850
new name for Buteo infulatus Kaup; Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey,
p. 143, 1884 (crit.).
Buteo ventralis (not of Gould) Cassin, U. S. Expl. Exp., 2, p. 94, pi. 3, fig. 2,
1858 Orange Bay, Tierra del Fuego.
Buteo braccalus Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, p. 142, 1862 Chile;
idem, Reise Novara, Zool., 1, Vogel, pp. 6, 16, 1865 Chile.
Buteo polyosoma Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteones, p. 12, 1862 Falkland
Islands and Chile (crit.); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 110,
1926 General Roca, Pampa; idem, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 422,
1926 Arroyo Salado, Rio Negro, and Lago Mosquitos, Cholila, Chubut.
Buteo albicaudatus (not of Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1873, p. 186 Cosnipata, Peru; Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p.
285, 1895 Chilecito, La Rioja.
Buteo poliosomus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 171, 1874 Port Famine,
Falkland Islands and Chile (monog.); Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 69 (crit.);
Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, p. B.22, 1891 Orange Bay and Ushuaia,
Beagle Channel (crit.); Arribalzaga, Ann. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8,
p. 160, 1902 Lago General Paz, Chubut; Dabbene, I.e., 18, p. 244,
1910 (range in Argentina); Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 157,
1917 Falkland Islands; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, 1919 (chars.;
range); Wace, El Hornero, 2, p. 203, 1921 Falkland Islands; Swann,
Syn. Accip., p. 84, 1921 (chars.; range).
Buteo (Craxierex) poliosomus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875,
p. 94 (monog.).
Buteo (Craxierex) erythronotus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875,
p. 96 (monog.).
Buteo melanostethus(os) Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 663, 665, 1899
Chile (type in National Museum, Santiago de Chile) ; idem, Arch. Naturg.,
65, (1), p. 167, 1899 Prov. Santiago, Chile; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac.
Chile, 15, p. 5, pi. 2, 1902 central provinces of Chile (=melanistic
variety of adult female); Philippi B., El Hornero, 8, p. 180, 1942 (type=
female in dark phase with erythrism on abdomen).
Buteo poedlogaster Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 663, 666, 1899
Chile; idem, Arch. Naturg., 65, (1), p. 167, 1899 Chile; idem, Anal.
Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 6, pi. 3, 1902 Chile (= juvenile plumage); Housse,
Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 48, 1924 Isla La Mocha, Arauco; 1 Philippi
B., El Hornero, 8, p. 180, 1942 (type=female immature normal phase).
1 Several other "new" species of Philippi's are not identifiable with certainty.
Buteo albigula Philippi (Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, p. 664, 1899; Arch. Naturg.,
65, (1), p. 170, 1899; Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 9, pi. 6, 1902 Valdivia),
Buteo aethiops Philippi (Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 665, 668, 1899; Arch. Naturg.,
65, (1), p. 168, 1899; Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 16, pi. 8, 1902 central provinces
of Chile), and Buteo pictus Philippi (Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 665, 668, 1899;
Arch. Naturg., 65, (1), p. 169, 1899; Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 12, p. 17, pi. 9, 1902
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 89
Asturina(?) aethiops Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, Zool., p. 16, pi. 8,
1902 central provinces of Chile; Philippi B., El Hornero, 8, p. 181, 1942
(=Buteo polyosoma polyosoma Quoy and Gaimard).
Tachytriorchis albicaudatus(l) Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 221 Pichincha and
Corazon, Ecuador; Reed, Av. Prov. Mendoza, p. 21, 1916 Cordillera
of Mendoza; Sanzin, El Hornero, 1, p. 149, 1918 Mendoza; Giacomelli,
I.e., 3, p. 77, 1923 Chilecito, La Rioja (ex Koslowsky).
Buteo hypospodius (not of Gurney) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 242, 1917 near Santa Isabel, central Andes, Colombia.
Buteo erythronotus erythronotus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 52, 1919 (range);
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 85, 1921 (range); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
65, p. 305, 1923 Huanuluan, Rio Negro.
Buteo erythronotus peruviensis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 85, 1922 Eten, Lam-
bayeque, Peru (type in British Museum, examined); Lonnberg and
Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 36, 1922 Pichincha, Mount Atacazo
(south of Anito), Pomasqui, and western Mojanda, Ecuador (crit.).
Buteo polyosoma polyosoma Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 31A, 1925 Rio
Negro, Patagonia, to Anito, Ecuador (crit.) ; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 55, p. 227, 1926 Ecuador (Guapulo, Chimborazo, "Ambato,"
Corazon) and Colombia (Santa Isabel) (crit.; meas.); Pereyra, El Hornero,
4, p. 29, 1927 Conhelo, La Pampa; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 409,
pis. 21, 22, 1928 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 229, 1931 (range);
Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 273, 1932 Chile,
from Tarapaca to the Straits of Magellan (crit.) ; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist.
Nat., 38, p. 139, 1934 Cuesta de la Culebra, Penco, O'Higgins, Chile;
Bullock, I.e., 39, p. 240, 1935 Isla La Mocha, Arauco; Reynolds, Ibis,
1935, p. 75 Freycinet, Wollaston, and Bayly Islands, Cape Horn (crit.);
Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 17, 1936 Santa
Cruz (Lago Viedma), Chubut (Paso de Indies, Deseado, Colonia, Lago
Muster), Neuquen (Nahuel Huapi), Rio Negro, Buenos Aires (La Plata),
Mendoza, La Rioja, Salta (Ambrado del Zorro, Valle de Lerma) and
Jujuy (San Lorenzo) (crit.); Housse, Rev. Univ. Santiago, 24, p. 53, 1939
Chile (range and habits); Lehmann, Caldasia, 7, p. 186, 1943 Quintana,
Colombia (disc.).
Buteo polyosoma unicolor (not of d'Orbigny) Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73,
p. 315, 1925 (crit.).
Buteo polyosoma peruviensis Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 228,
1926 Punta Santa Elena, Ecuador (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey,
1, p. 412, 1928 part, coast of Peru; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 229, 1931;
Lehmann, Rev. Univ. Cauca, 6, pi., p. 115, 1945 El Tambo, Quindio,
Colombia (chars.; plum.).
Valdivia), however, were probably based on juvenile individuals of the present
species, or may be referable to B. swainsoni. C.E.H.
Philippi B. (El Hornero, 8, pp. 180, 181, 182, 1942) states that the type of
B. albigula (taken in Valdivia) is an immature male of the normal phase of B. p.
polyosoma; the type of B. aethiops (taken in the Central Provinces) an immature
female of the dark phase of the same species; and the type of B. pictus (taken in
Valdivia) an immature female of B. jamaicensis ventralis Gould, and that this
race has been found nesting at Malleco. All three types are in the National
Museum, Santiago, Chile. B.C.
90 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Buieo borealis ventralis Kuroda, Tori, 8, p. 141, 1933 San Bornonol, Per-
quenco, Chile (descr. of young).
Range. Temperate zone of the Andes of Colombia (Santa Isabel,
central Andes; El Tambo, Cauca), Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, south
through Chile and Argentina (east to Tucuman, Santiago del Estero
and Cordoba) to Tierra del Fuego; in winter spreading to Santa Fe,
Entre Rios, Corrientes, and Uruguay; Falkland Islands. 1
Field Museum Collection. 28: Colombia (El Tambo, Cauca, 4);
Ecuador (Tunguilla Valley, 1; Banos, Azuay, 1); Peru (Sullana,
Amotape Mountains, 1); Bolivia (Viacha, La Paz, 1; Tiraque, Cocha-
bamba, 1; Cerro Juno, Cochabamba, 3); Chile (Domeyko, Atacama,
1 It is now an established fact that this buzzard occurs in various mutational,
strictly alternative plumages. The normal dress of the adult male is gray above,
excepting the upper tail coverts, and white below, with a varying amount of narrow
dusky cross-bars posteriorly (described as Aquila braccata Meyen), while the female
in this stage has an extensive dorsal area, bright tawny (Haliaetus erythronotus
King). In the melanistic variety the male is dark gray above and below (Buteo
polyosoma Quoy and Gaimard), while the female has the throat, foreneck, thighs,
and under tail coverts deep slate gray in contrast to the rufous breast and abdomen.
Young birds also appear sometimes in a nearly uniform dark brown, melanistic
mutation (Buteo unicolor d'Orbigny), though this type of coloration is much less
common than the variegated, striped plumage.
Males in normal plumage are somewhat variable. The majority are, as al-
ready stated, uniform gray above; others have touches of rufous here and there;
others again are rather profusely spotted with rufous; and a few have the upper
back to the same extent as females bright tawny, though this area is streaked
with slate gray. These various stages are all represented in two series from
Chubut (Valle del Lago Blanco) and central Chile. The few examples from Peru
available for comparison happen to be in normal plumage. Melanistic adults of
both sexes have been examined from the Falkland Islands, Straits of Magellan,
Chubut (Valle del Lago Blanco), and central Chile; melanistic young birds from
the Falklands, Chubut and Bolivia. The supposed smaller size of B. p. peruviensis
of northern Peru proves to be non-existent in the light of the large series, whose
wing measurements are appended.
ADULT MALES
Falkland Islands, 370, 390.
Tierra del Fuego, 390, 400.
Straits of Magellan, 380, 390.
Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut, 370, 380, 380, 390, 390, 390, 395, 395, 400.
Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro, 365, 370.
Aufama, Tucuman, 370.
Central Chile, 375, 380, 385, 385, 390.
Cancosa, Tarapacd, Chile, 390.
Eten, Peru (peruviensis), 370.
ADULT FEMALES
Falkland Islands, 400, 410, 415, 435.
Lago Blanco, Chubut, 410, 415, 415, 420, 420, 420, 425, 430, 430, 440.
Rio Negro, 415.
Nahuel Huapi, Rio Negro, 420.
Buenos Aires, 420, 425, 455(1).
Salta, 430.
Central Chile, 400, 410, 415, 420.
Eten, Peru (peruviensis), 415.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 91
1; Batuco, Santiago, 2; Sierra Nahuelbuta, Malleco, 1; Rio Nirehuau,
Aysen, 1; Porvenir, Tierra del Fuego, 2); Argentina (Aconquija,
Tucuman, 4; Conception, Tucuman, 1; Las Pavas, Tucuman, 1;
Tierra del Fuego, 2; Lago Fagnano, Tierra del Fuego, 1).
Buteo polyosoma exsul Salvin. 1 MAS AFUERA BUZZARD.
Buteo exsul Salvin, Ibis, (3), 5, p. 371, July, 1875 Mas Afuera Island (type
in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in the British Museum); Swann,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 417, 1928 Mas Afuera (monog.).
Buteo erythronotus (not of King) Sclater, Ibis, 1871, p. 182 Mas Afuera;
Reed, I.e., 1874, p. 84 Mas Afuera; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1,
p. 172, 1874 part, spec, n, Mas Afuera; Johow, Est. Flora Island, Juan
Fernandez, p. 237, 1896 Mas Afuera.
Buteo erythronotus exsul Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 52, 1919 Mas Afuera;
Lonnberg, in Skottsberg, Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez and Easter Island,
3, (1), p. 9, 1921 Mas Afuera and Mas A Tierra; Swann, Syn. Accip.,
p. 86, 1921 Mas Afuera.
Buteo polyosoma exsul Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, p. 315, 1925 Mas Afuera
(crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 230, 1931 Juan Fernandez Islands.
Range. Breeds on Mas Afuera, visitant on Mas A Tierra, Juan
Fernandez Islands, off Chile.
*Buteo poecilochrous Gurney. 2 GURNEY'S RED-BACKED BUZZARD.
Buteo poecilochrous Gurney, Ibis, (4), 3, p. 176, April, 1879 Yanayacu,
Ecuador (descr. of female in melanistic phase; type in Salvin-Godman
Collection, now in British Museum, examined) ; Berlepsch and Stolzmann,
1 Buteo polyosoma exsul Salvin: Similar to B. p. polyosoma but slightly larger;
above somewhat darker with white edges to the interscapulars and wing coverts;
female with back dark gray as in the male, not rufous. Wing, 380, (female)
418-430. A female in first year plumage has the upper back strongly suffused
with rufous, while adults of both sexes lack this color altogether. Five specimens
from Mas Afuera examined.
2 Buteo poecilochrous Gurney is a little known bird of unsettled status. Strese-
mann's principal criterion, the proportion of the fifth primary (equal to or even
longer than the third), holds only in half of the specimens listed by him, all of
which have been examined by the senior author. Even in the type, the fifth
primary is decidedly shorter than the third.
In normal plumage both sexes are indistinguishable from the corresponding
stages of B. polyosoma as far as coloration is concerned. The melanistic variety of
the male is extremely similar to that of B. polyosoma, but generally darker, more
blackish below; the thighs as well as the anal region are barred with grayish or
white, the under tail coverts white, while these parts in polyosoma are practically
uniform gray. The female in the melanistic phase also is not unlike the correspond-
ing variant of polyosoma, but the lower abdomen, instead of being rufous, is barred
black and white (with, however, a few rufous bars intermixed in a bird from Tara-
paca), and the under tail coverts are white (not deep slate gray). It should be
noted, however, that the type has some large rufous spots on the breast. An
adult female from the Cordillera of Colchagua, central Chile, combines the rufous
breast of polyosoma with the white under tail coverts of poecilochrous, while the
92 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Ornis, 13, p. 104, 1906 Cuzco, Peru; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51,
1919 Ecuador to Chile and Argentina; Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
117, p. 59, 1921 La Raya, Peru (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 84, 1921
Ecuador to Chile (crit.); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25,
p. 40, 1922 Pichincha, Chaupicruz, Chilogallo, near Cotogallo, and
Tumbaco, Ecuador (crit.); Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, pp. 310, 316,
1925 Ecuador (Yanayacu, Quito), Peru (Ccachupata), Bolivia (Challa-
pata, Choquecamate), Chile (Macaya) and Jujuy (Rinconada) (crit.;
meas.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 229, 1926 Bestion,
Ecuador (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 415, 1928 (monog.);
Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 229, 1931 (range); (?)Steullet and Deautier,
Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 42, 1936 Tucuman and La Rioja (Chi-
lecito); Lehmann, Caldasia, 7, p. 186, 1943 Rio Patia, Colombia; idem,
Rev. Univ. del Cauca, 6, p. 110, pis., 1945 (plumages; habits).
Buteo erythronotus (not Haliaetus erythronotus King) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit.
Mus., 1, p. 172, 1874 part, spec, p-r, Ccachuapata, Peru; Sclater, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 399 "Lalcalhuay," Tarapaca, Chile; idem,
I.e., 1891, p. 135 part, Sacaya, Tarapaca, Chile; Lane, Ibis, 1897, p.
179 part, Sacaya, Tarapaca, Chile; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 281 part,
Choquecamate, Cochabamba, and Challapata, Oruro, Bolivia.
Tachytriorchis albicaudatus (not Buteo albicaudatus Vieillot) Bruch, Rev.
Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Salta and Jujuy (spec, examined).
Buteo melanosternus Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Ornis, 13, p. 104, Sept., 1906
Cuzco, Peru (descr. of melanistic female; type in Warsaw Museum).
Buteo erythronotus simonsi Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 85, Jan. 2, 1922 Challa-
pata (Oruro), Bolivia (descr. of normal phase; type in British Museum).
Buteo hypospodius (not of Gurney) Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14,
No. 25, p. 37, 1922 Pichincha above Lloa, Ecuador (crit.); Stresemann,
Journ. Orn., 72, pp. 440, 441, 1924 (crit.).
Buteo (polyosoma) poecilochrous Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 95, p. 177, 1943 Callipampa, Tiraque, Bolivia.
faintly indicated light cross-markings on abdomen and thighs suggest the barred
abdomen of poecilochrous. Yet according to size (wing 400, tail 190) and origin,
this bird cannot be anything else than polyosoma. Its intermediary characters
are apt to throw considerable doubt on the specific nature of the characters separat-
ing poecilochrous and polyosoma. There remains, on the other hand, the greater
size of poecilochrous. The wing, in adult males, ranges from 420 to 450 (against
365-400 in polyosoma); in adult females, from 460-490 (against 400-440, once
455). If three adults from Tarapaca are unequivocally poecilochrous another male
from the same region (Cancosa) is just as decidedly polyosoma. The only adult
female in normal plumage examined from Ecuador and a melanistic female from
Rinconada, Jujuy (recorded by Bruch as Tachytriorchis albicaudatus) are typical
of poecilochrous. It will be seen that much remains yet to be learned about the
inter-relationship of these hawks.
Additional material examined. Ecuador: Yanayacu, 1 (the type); Mount
Cotopaxi, 1. Peru: High Peru (16,000-18,000 ft. elev.), 1; Ccachuapata, Dept.
Anzco, 3. Bolivia: Choquecamate, 2; Challapata, 1. Chile: Tarapaca, Macaya,
1; three leagues southwest of Sacaya, 1; "Lalcalhuay," 1. Argentina: Rinconada,
Jujuy, 1.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 93
Range. Andes (chiefly Puno and Paramo zone) of southwestern
Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Argentina (Rin-
conada, Jujuy) and northern Chile (Tarapaca).
Field Museum Collection. 16: Ecuador (Cerro Guamani, Chim-
borazo, 1; Cerro Chimborazo, 6; Llanganate, Tunguragua, 2; Yana-
urcu, Azuay, 2); Peru (Junin, 1; Yara, Arequipa, 1; Salinas, Are-
quipa, 1); Bolivia (Esperanza, Pacajes, La Paz, 2).
*Buteo regalis (G. R. Gray). FERRUGINOUS ROUGH-LEG.
Falco ferrugineus (not of Nordmann 1835) Lichtenstein, Abhandl. Akad.
Wiss. Berlin (Phys. Kl.) for 1838, p. 428, 1839 California= Monterey
(type in Berlin Museum; cf. Stresemann, Orn. Monatsber., 30, p. 83,
1922, and Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 267, 1932).
Archibuteo regalis G. R. Gray, 1 Gen. Bds., 1, (1), pi. vi, May, 1844 no
locality (type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico, in the British Mu-
seum).
Archibuteo ferrugineus Cassin, 111. Bds. Calif, etc., pp. 104, 159, pi. 26, 1854
Tulavie Valley, California; Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 300, 1874 Mexico (Real del Monte) and
California (monog.); Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 259, pi. 9,
figs. 1, 2, 4 (eggs), 1892 (nesting habits); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Aves, 3, p. 54, 1899 (monog.); Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
41, p. 88, 1902 Sierra de la Laguna, Lower California; Swann, Syn.
List Accip., p. 54, 1919 (chars.; range); Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 42,
p. 536, 1925 Norias, Texas (winter visitor); Huey, I.e., 43, p. 353, 1926
south of Ensenada and Santo Domingo, Lower California.
Buteo calif ornica Grayson, in Hutching's Calif. Mag., 1, pp. 393, 396, fig.
in text, March, 1857 California, vicinity of San Jose, Santa Clara
County (no type preserved; cf. Bryant, Zoe, 2, p. 40, 1891, and Grinnell,
Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 267, 1932).
Buteo regalis Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 110, 1928 Lower
California (winter visitant); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 (range);
Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 284, 1937 (range; habits).
Triorchis ferrugineus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 88, 1921 (chars.; range).
Triorchis regalis Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 427, pis. 24, 25, 1928 (monog.).
Range. Breeds from southern Washington, southwestern Sas-
katchewan, and southern Manitoba to southern California, Utah,
Colorado, and Kansas; winters south to Lower California, Texas
and northern Mexico (Real del Monte, Hidalgo); casual east to
Wisconsin and Illinois. 2
1 Archibuteo regalis G. R. Gray (List Spec. Bds. Brit. Mus., Part 1, Accipitres,
p. 19, after Feb. 12, 1844) from Real del Monte, Mexico, is a nomen nudum.
2 Sennett's record (Bull. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 4, No. 1, p. 43, 1878)
of the breeding of the Ferruginous Rough-Leg in the lower Rio Grande Valley,
is doubtless due to confusion with some other species.
94 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Field Museum Collection. 42: Alberta (Rosebud, 1); Saskatch-
ewan (Maple Creek, 3); North Dakota (Eddy County, 5; Brad-
dock, 2; Nelson County, 3; Towner County, 17); Kansas (Blue
Rapids, Marshall County, 1) ; California (Dos Palos, Merced County,
1; San Bernardino County, 1; San Diego County, 1); Utah (Cedar
City, Iron County, 2); Colorado (Larimer County, 1); Arizona
(Salt River, Gila County, 1); New Mexico (Socorro County, 1);
Texas (Corpus Christi, 1); Mexico (Bustillos, Chihuahua, 1).
*Buteo jamaicensis alascensis Grinnell. 1 ALASKAN RED-TAILED
HAWK.
Buteo borealis alascensis Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 5, p. 211, Feb. 18,
1909 Glacier Bay, Alaska, and Port Frederick, Chichagof Island (types
in Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, Calif.); Swarth, I.e., 7, p. 61,
1911 Duke Island and Chickamin River, Sitka District, Alaska; Swann,
Syn. List Accip., p. 48, 1919 Alaska; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 78, 1921
Alaska; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 395, 1926 (monog.); Taverner,
Canad. Nat. Mus., Bull., 48, p. 5, 1927 Alaska (crit.); idem, Condor,
38, p. 69, 1936 Queen Charlotte Islands (crit.).
Buteo jamaicensis alascensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 (range).
Range. Southeastern Alaska from Yakutat Bay to the Queen
Charlotte and Vancouver Islands, British Columbia.
Field Museum Collection. 12: British Columbia (Graham Island,
5; Comox, Vancouver Island, 3; Campbell River, Vancouver Island,
3; Hagensborg, 1).
*Buteo jamaicensis harlani (Audubon). 2 HARLAN'S HAWK.
Falco Harlani Audubon, Bds. Amer., folio ed., 1, pi. 86, 1830; idem, Orn.
Biog., 1, p. 441, 1831 near St. Francisville, Louisiana (female cotype
in British Museum examined). 3
1 Buteo jamaicensis alascensis Grinnell is described as resembling B. j. borealis
but smaller throughout and having the dark areas blacker as well as more exten-
sive. Wing, (adult males) 344-362, (adult female) 365; tail, 195, 218, (female)
207. ^ Taverner at one time considered this form to be unworthy of recognition,
but in his latest paper on these hawks admits it on account of its lesser size.
2 Buteo jamaicensis harlani (Audubon), about which further information col-
lected on its breeding grounds is urgently required, has been fully discussed by
the late H. S. Swarth, who considered it a northwestern race of the jamaicensis
group, a contention that seems to be well-founded.
3 In spite of Taverner's doubts of its authenticity, there can be no question
whatever that the British Museum specimen is the original of figure 2 of Audubon's
plate, and that according to his own testimony (p. 441), it was given by him to
that institution through J. G. Children, then in charge of the Zoology Depart-
ment. The specimen is entered in the earliest handwritten Register, made prior
to 1837, as "No. 100. Falco Harlani, Aud. a. North Americ. Purchd. Audubon."
In List Spec. Brit. Mus., Part 1 (Accipitres), p. 18, 1844, it figures as "The Black
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 95
Buteo harlani Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 5, p. 220, 1852 Cali-
fornia; Baird, Cassin and Lawrence, Bds. N. Amer., p. 24, 1860 Fort
Thorne, New Mexico; Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist.
N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 292, 1874 (monog.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,
1, p. 191, 1874 part, Louisiana (descr. of type); Ridgway, Auk, 2,
pp. 165, 166, 1885 (crit.); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves,
3, p. 65, 1900 part, excl. of Mexican localities; Peters, Bds. World, 1,
p. 232, 1932 (range); Oberholser, Bird Life Louisiana, p. 167, 1938
Louisiana records.
Buteo cooperi Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 8, p. 253, for Oct., 1856
(Mountain View) Santa Clara (Valley), California (type in U. S. National
Museum; cf. Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 266, 1932); Baird,
Cassin and Lawrence, Bds. N. Amer., p. 31, pi. 16 (fig. of type), 1860
Santa Clara; Ridgway, Auk, 1, p. 253, 1884 (crit. note on type); idem, I.e.,
2, pp. 165, 166, 1885 (crit.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 49, 1919 Cali-
fornia; Grinnell, Condor, 32, p. 259, 1930 (crit. note on type).
Buteo borealis harlani Ridgway, Auk, 7, p. 205, 1890 (crit.); Swann, Syn.
List Accip., p. 47, 1919; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 78, 1921; idem, Monog.
Bds. Prey, 1, p. 394, 1926 (range imaginary); Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub.
Zool., 30, p. 105, 1926 Atlin Region, British Columbia (breeding; crit.;
plumages); Taverner, Canad. Nat. Mus. Bull., 48, pp. 5, 10, 1927 (crit.);
Brooks, Condor, 29, p. 114 (in text), 1927 (disc.); Taverner, Condor,
38, p. 67, 1936 (chars.; crit.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 174,
1937 (life hist.); Dixon, Fauna U. S. Nat. Parks, 3, p. 45, 1938 Mt.
McKinley (breeding).
Range. Breeds in southeastern Alaska, southwestern Yukon,
and northern British Columbia, in migration southeastward to the
Warrior, Buteo harlani, Audub. a. Young. North America. Presented by J. Audu-
bon, Esq.," and in the second edition of that work (1848, p. 34) it is listed under
B. borealis of which F. Harlani Aud. B. Amer. pi. 86 is quoted as synonym as
"spec. n. North America. Presented by J. Audubon, Esq." It will be noted
that no other specimen was known to exist until Lawrence recorded one from
California in 1852. On comparing the British Museum example with Audubon's
figure we do not find any difference which cannot be explained by conventional
drawing or the artist's desire to emphasize certain characters of pattern. The
black tail-bands are grossly exaggerated, and I have yet to see a hawk of the
jamaicensis group with such broad, curiously shaped bars as those on Audubon's
plate. On the other hand, the reddish tinge on both sides of the shaft is well
pronounced in the British Museum bird, which has indeed the characteristically
marbled tail with, however, several short cross-bands of black on either side of
the shaft on the middle pair extending approximately over the inner half of the
web. In Audubon's figure the brownish apical portion of the inner secondaries
and their dusky bars are also very much exaggerated, as are also the dark cross-
bands on the tibial feathers. To sum up, the slight discrepancies, more apparent
than real, are certainly due to the inaccuracy of the drawing. The type is im-
mature, the under parts showing extensive buffy white coloring at the basal por-
tions of the feathers exactly as in a young male collected by E. L. Cameron on
Oct. 15, 1890, in North Dakota and identified by the late H. S. Swarth as harlani.
There are a good many records of Harlan's Hawk from various Louisiana localities
between November and March and it may be regarded as a regular winter visitor
to the lower Mississippi Valley. Audubon's type was obtained on Nov. 18, 1829,
as we learn from his letter to Dr. Harlan, reproduced by Coues (Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Cl., 5, pp. 202-203, 1880).
96 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
upper Mississippi Valley, wintering in the lower Mississippi Valley;
casual in California (Mountain View, Santa Clara County, Nov. 10,
1855) l and Pennsylvania (Watsontown).
Field Museum Collection 23: Alaska (Takotna, 1); Alberta
(Leduc, 1); North Dakota (Nelson County, 3; Rolette County, 1);
Kansas (Burlington, 1; Hamilton, 11); Illinois (Lewistown, 2;
Broughton, 2); Pennsylvania (Watsontown, 1).
*Buteo jamaicensis borealis (Gmelin). EASTERN RED-TAILED
HAWK.
Falco borealis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 266, 1788 based on "American
Buzzard" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 50, and "Red-tailed Falcon"
Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 205, Carolina (type in Leverian Museum). 2
Falco leverianus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 266, 1788 based on "Leverian
Falcon" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 206, Carolina (type in Leverian
Museum; 2 descr. of young).
Buteo ferruginicaudus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 32, pi. 6,
1807 Carolina (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot, ex Louis Bosc).
Accipiter ruficaudus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 43, pi. 14 bis,
1807 Virginia (type in coll. of M. Palisot-Beauvais, Paris).
Buteo americamis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 4, p. 477, 1816
based on Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, pi. 6.
Buteo calurus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, No. 7, for Jan.-Feb.,
p. 281, pub. May 22, 1855 Fort Webster (Rio Mimbres), New Mexico
(type in collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia;
cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 29); Baird, Cassin and
Lawrence, Bds. N. Amer., 22, pi. 14, 1860 Fort Webster, New Mexico
and Petaluma, California.
(Buteo borealis) var. borealis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist.
N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 282, 1874 (monog.).
(Buteo borealis) var. lucasanus Ridgway, 3 in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 285, Jan., 1874 Peninsula of Lower California
(type from Cape San Lucas, in U. S. National Museum).
(Buteo borealis) var. calurus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist.
N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 286, 1874 (monog.).
Buteo borealis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 188, 1874 in part, excl.
of Jamaica, Cuba, and West Indies; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Aves, 3, p. 61, 1900 Mexico and Guatemala (in part).
1 The Mexican records are all more or less questionable. The eggs from
Brownsville, Texas, ascribed to B. j. harlani by Swann, cannot have belonged
to this hawk, which is now known to breed in northwestern North America.
2 This specimen did not come to the Vienna Museum.
3 Buteo lucasanus Ridgway (Coues, Key N. Amer. Bds., p. 216, 1872) is a
nomen nudum.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 97
(Buteo borealis) subsp. and Buteo montanus (not of Nuttall) Sharpe, Cat. Bds.
Brit. Mus., 1, p. 189, 1874 part, western North America and Mexico.
Buteo rufescentior Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 63
(in text), November, 1900 "Sitka and British Columbia to California"
(no type designated). 1
Buteo borealis calurus Brewster, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 41, p. 83, 1902
Lower California (crit.; meas.); Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Galindo,
Tamaulipas, Mexico; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 47, 1919 (chars.; range);
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 77, 1921; Swarth, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, pp.
211, 336, 1922 Stikine and Skeena River regions, British Columbia;
Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 392, 1926 (monog.); Taverner,
Canad. Nat. Mus. Bull., 48, p. 3, 1927 (crit.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub.
Zool., 32, p. 108, 1929 Peninsula of Lower California; Griscom, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 153, 1932 Momostenango, Guatemala; van
Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 428, 1934 Sonora (Calamos,
Pinos Alto) and Chihuahua (Jesus Maria); Taverner, Condor, 38, p. 66,
1936 (crit.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 167, 1937 (life hist.).
Buteo borealis borealis Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 47, 1919 (chars.; range);
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 77, 1921 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p.
389, 1926 (monog.); Taverner, Canad. Nat. Mus. Bull., 48, p. 3, 1927
(crit.); idem, Condor, 38, p. 66, 1936 (crit.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
167, p. 147, 1937 (life hist.; distrib.).
Buteo borealis lucasanus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 77, 1921 Peninsula of Lower
California; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 393, 1926 (monog.).
Buteo jamaicensis borealis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 (range).
Buteo jamaicensis calurus van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Louisiana
State Univ., 21, p. 55, 1945 Sonora (resident).
Range. Breeds from the central Yukon, Mackenzie, northern
Saskatchewan, northern Manitoba, southern Quebec and New-
foundland south to southern Lower California, central southern
Texas, northeastern Oklahoma, Alabama and northern Florida;
winters from southwestern British Columbia and the south central
United States south to the Gulf coast and Guatemala; casual to
Panama (one record from the south slope of the Volcan de
Chiriqui). 2
1 Inspection of the British Museum series shows that the name B. rufescentior
refers to specimens of "calurus," with more or less rufescent breasts, spotted
upper belly and distinct rufescent bars on the thighs, from Colorado (Jolon),
New Mexico (Santa Fe), Utah (Salt Lake City), California (Walker's Basin),
and Mexico (Zacatecas, Zapotlan, Jalisco). The Guatemalan and Nicaraguan
birds mentioned are costaricensis. From the way the name was introduced and
the fact that no marked type exists, we infer that it was intended rather as a
designation for certain color varieties found within the range of the jamaicenais
complex as a whole.
2 The adult bird secured on the Volcan de Chiriqui by E. Arce in 1870, a
specimen of the normal "calurus" type with cross-banded tail, is strongly rufescent
on crown and hindneck, has a deep rufous brown jugular band, strongly spotted
abdomen, and conspicuously barred thighs. It is a perfect match for a male
98 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Field Museum Collection. 117 : Yukon Territory (Yukon River,
2); British Columbia (Comox, Vancouver Island, 2; Victoria, 2);
Alberta (Calgary, 1; Rosebud, 2); Saskatchewan (Prince Albert, 1);
Manitoba (Winnipeg, 2); Washington (Tacoma, 1); Oregon (Jackson
County, 2; Enterprise, 1; Tillamook, 1); California (Placer County,
1; San Francisco, 2; Monterey County, 2; Riverside County, 1;
Alameda County, 2; San Bernardino County, 1; San Diego County,
3); Arizona (Cochise County, 1; Coconino County, 1; Phoenix, 3;
Tucson, 3; Calabasas, 1); Montana (Columbia Falls, 1; Gallatin
County, 1; Park County, 1); Colorado (Manitou Park, 1; New
Castle, 1; Larimer County, 1; Buford, 1); New Mexico (Mimbres, 1;
Carrizozo, 1); Nebraska (Lincoln, 2); Iowa (Iowa City, 1); Missouri
(Kansas City, 1); Arkansas (Fayetteville, 1; Woolsey, 1); Wisconsin
(Beaver Dam, 10; Polk County, 1; Vernon County, 1; Delavan, 1);
Illinois (Lake County, 2; Peru, 1; Henry, 1; Lewistown, 3; Warsaw,
1; Will County, 3); Indiana (Ingalls, 1; Porter County, 1; Bluffton,
8); Connecticut (New London County, 2; Stamford, 3; Litchfield
County, 5; New Haven County, 10); Georgia (Chatham County, 1;
Roswell, 2); Mexico (Agua Caliente, Lower California, 1; Sierra de
Laguna, Lower California, 1; Puerto del Chiarito, Durango, 1;
Minaca, Chihuahua, 1; Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 3).
*Buteo jamaicensis kriderii Hoopes. KRIDER'S HAWK.
Buteo borealis var. Kriderii Hoopes, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, p.
238, pi. 5, June, 1873 Winnebago County, Iowa (type in collection of
the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 26).
(Buteo borealis) var. krideri Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds.,
3, p. 284, 1874 (monog.).
Buteo borealis krideri(i) Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 47, 1919 (chars.; range);
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 77, 1921 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 391,
1926 (monog.); Taverner, Canad. Nat. Mus. Bull., 48, p. 4, 1927 (crit.);
idem, Condor, 38, p. 67, 1936 (crit.); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167,
p. 165, 1937 (life hist.).
Buteo jamaicensis kriderii Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231 (range).
Range. Breeds in the Great Plains region of the United States
from Wyoming to Minnesota and south to Nebraska and Missouri;
winters south to Texas and the Gulf coast.
from Fort Klamath, Oregon. The occurrence of this hawk in Panama is certainly
exceptional.
After examining a large series we are inclined to agree with Peters in uniting
calurus to borealis.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 99
Field Museum Collection. 31: Wyoming (New Castle, 1);
North Dakota (Eddy County, 1; Nelson County, 3; Ramsey County,
4; Rolette County, 5); Nebraska (Lancaster County, 3); Texas
(Skidmore, 2; Port Lavaca, 1); Minnesota (Owatonna, 1; Roseau
County, 4) ; Kansas (Hamilton, 4) ; Illinois (Lee County, 1) ; Florida
(Orange County, 1).
*Buteo jamaicensis fuertesi Sutton and Van Tyne. 1 FUERTES'
HAWK.
Buteo jamaicensis fuertesi Sutton and Van Tyne, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ.
Mich., 321, p. 1, Sept. 23, 1935 Calamity Creek Bridge, 22 miles south
of Alpine, Brewster County, Texas (type in Museum of Zoology, Uni-
versity of Michigan); Taverner, Condor, 38, p. 70, 1936 (crit.); Sutton
and Van Tyne, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 37, p. 19, col. pi.,
1937 Brewster County, Texas; van Rossem, Auk, 59, p. 450, 1942
Arizona (Chiricahua Mountains), New Mexico (Catron County), Mexico
(Hermosillo, Sonora; Colonia Pacheco, Chihuahua).
Range. Breeds in southwestern Texas, probably also southern
New Mexico and adjoining parts of Mexican states of Chihuahua,
Coahuila and Nuevo Leon.
Field Museum Collection. 3: Texas (Kerrville, 2); Mexico (Cerro
Potosi, Nuevo Leon, 1).
*Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Bangs. 2 FLORIDA RED-TAILED
HAWK.
Buteo borealis umbrinus Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 2, p. 68, July 31,
1901 Myakka, Manatee County, Florida (type in coll. of E. A. and
O. Bangs, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.;
cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 188, 1930); Swann, Syn. List
Accip., p. 48, 1919 part, Florida; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 79, 1921 part,
Florida; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 396, 1926 part, Florida; Bent,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 178, 1937 Florida (life hist.).
1 Buteo jamaicensis fuertesi Sutton and Van Tyne: Similar to the light phase of
borealis but under parts, including under side of wing, much paler; band of dark
streaks across lower breast and flanks greatly reduced, the streaking very much
attenuated or even reduced to a mere hair-line along the shaft of the feather;
thighs pale, immaculate or but slightly barred; barring on tail and upper tail
coverts much reduced. Resembles B. j. kriderii in paleness of under parts, but is
readily distinguished by its dark upper surface and lack of white at base of tail.
Wing, 385-402, (female) 425-436; tail, 205-224, (female) 220-228.
2 Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Bangs: Most similar to B. j. borealis but lower
throat and middle of belly marked with broad stripes and bands of deep brown;
tail feathers, aside from the black subterminal band, with mere traces of dusky
spots or crossbars. Wing, 403-412, (female) 420-440.
One additional specimen from Tarpon Springs, Florida, examined.
100 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 part, Florida
Peninsula.
Range. Florida Peninsula.
Field Museum Collection. 1: Florida (Enterprise, Volusia
County, 1).
*Buteo jamaicensis solitudinis Barbour. 1 CUBAN RED-TAILED
HAWK.
Buteo borealis solitudinis Barbour, Occ. Pap. Bost. Soc. N. H., 8, p. 207,
July 24, 1935 Solidad de Cienfuegos, Cuba (type in Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.).
Buteo borealis (not Falco borealis Gmelin) Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 18, pi. 1,
fig. 2, 1850 Trinidad and Cienfuegos, Cuba; Gundlach, Journ. Orn.,
2, "1854," Erinnerungss., p. Ixxxii, 1855 Cuba (breeding); idem, in
Poey, Repert. Hist. Nat. Cuba, 1, p. 223, 1865 Cuba (breeding in
March); Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 11, p. 64, 1866 Nassau (New
Providence) and Inagua, Bahama Islands; Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 19,
p. 365, 1871 Cuba (habits, nest and eggs descr.); Cory, Bds. Bahamas,
p. 131, 1880 Bahama Islands (ex Bryant); idem, Auk, 4, p. 39, 1887
part, Cuba and Bahama Islands; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 197, 1889 part,
Cuba and Bahama Islands; idem, Auk, 8, p. 350, 1891 Abaco, Bahama
Islands; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, Cuba and Bahama
Islands (Abaco, New Providence, Inagua); Riley, in Shattuck, The
Bahama Islands, p. 362, 1905 Abaco, Little Abaco, New Providence,
Andros, and Great Inagua, Bahama Islands.
Buteo borealis calurus (not of Cassin) Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
4, p. 294, 1892 Trinidad, Cuba (crit.).
Buteo borealis umbrinus (not of Bangs) Bonhote, Ibis, 1892, p. 296 Little
Abaco (crit.; nest and eggs descr.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 48, 1919
part, Bahama Islands; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 79, 1922 part, Bahama
Islands and Cuba; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 46, 1923 Cuba;
Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 396, 1926 part, Bahama Islands and
Cuba.
Buteo jamaicensis umbrinus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 part, Cuba,
Isle of Pines and Bahama Islands.
Range. Bahama Islands (Abaco, Little Abaco, New Providence,
Andros, Great Inagua) and the island of Cuba (including Isle of
Pines), Greater Antilles.
1 Buteo jamaicensis solitudinis Barbour: Similar in coloration toB.j. umbrinus,
but somewhat smaller. Wing, 375, (female) 395-411.
An adult female from Little Abaco is identical in size (wing, 390) and color
with one from Cuba (San Cristobal), while a male from the same Bahaman island
has even shorter wings (350 mm.) than the figures given by Barbour for a Cuban
male. If solitudinis is separated from the Florida Red-tail, Bahaman birds
must undoubtedly go with the Cuban race. Its claims to recognition require,
however, substantiation by a fuller series. B. j. jamaicensis of Jamaica and
Hispaniola, while similar in coloration, is still smaller (wing, males 335-360,
females 365-375).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 101
Field Museum Collection. 6: Bahama Islands (Abaco, 1); Cuba
(Las Palacios, Pinar del Rio, 2; Candelaria, Pinar del Rio, 1; Arte-
misia, Pinar del Rio, 1; La Deseada, San Cristobal, 1).
*Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis (Gmelin). WEST INDIAN RED-
TAILED HAWK.
Falco jamaicensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 266, 1788 based on "Cream-
coloured Buzzard" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 49, Jamaica (type
in coll. of J. Latham).
Buteo fulvus Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer. Sept., 1, p. 34, 1807 "Saint
Dominique et la Jamaique" (substitute name for Falco jamaicensis
Gmelin).
Buteo borealis (not Falco borealis Gmelin) March, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1863, p. 151 Jamaica (habits); Gundlach, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 310, 1874
Puerto Rico; idem, I.e., 26, pp. 158, 163, 1878 Puerto Rico; idem, Anal.
Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 159, 1878 Puerto Rico; Cory, Auk, 4, p. 39,
1887 part, Jamaica and Puerto Rico; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 197, 1889
part, Jamaica and Puerto Rico; idem, Auk, 8, p. 48, 1891 St. Kitts;
idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico,
and St. Christopher; Bowdish, Auk, 19, p. 361, 1902 Puerto Rico;
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric., 326, p. 33, 1916 Puerto Rico and
Vieques; idem, Auk, 33, p. 410, 1916 Vieques; idem, I.e., 33, p. 410,
1916 Vieques; idem, I.e., 34, p. 57, 1917 Culebra Island; Struthers,
I.e., 40, p. 472, 1923 Mayaguez, Puerto Rico (nest); Danforth, Journ.
Dept. Agric. Porto Rico, 10, p. 84, 1926 Cartagena Lagoon, Puerto Rico.
Buteo tropicalis Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 357, 1909 San
Lorenzo, Dominican Republic (type in coll. of A. E. and A. H. Verrill =
immature); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 49, 1919 (ex Verrill).
Buteo borealis jamaicensis Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 399, 1917
Choco, Dominican Republic (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 79, 1922
Jamaica, San Domingo and (?)Puerto Rico (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 396, 1926 (monog.); Wetmore, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and
Virgin Islands, 9, p. 320, 1927 Puerto Rico, Vieques, and Culebra
(monog.); Danforth, Auk, 45, p. 482, 1928 Jamaica; Bond, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 493, 1928 Haiti; Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 362,
1929 Hispaniola; Moltoni, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat., 68, p. 310, 1929
Moca, Dominican Republic; Danforth, Journ. Dept. Agric. Porto Rico,
14, p. 114, 1930 St. Croix, St. Thomas, St. John and Tortola; Beatty,
I.e., p. 138, 1930 St. Croix; Danforth, I.e., 15, p. 47, 1931 Puerto Rico;
Wetmore and Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 110, 1931 Hispaniola
(monog.); Danforth, Trop. Agric., 13, p. 214, 1936 St. Kitts and Nevis.
Buteo jamaicensis jamaicensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 231, 1931 (range);
Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 14, 1932 Gonave Island,
Petite Cayemite, Hispaniola; idem and Lincoln, I.e., 82, art. 25, p. 21,
1933 Hispaniola; Bond, Bds. W. Ind., p. 66, 1936 Jamaica, Hispaniola,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Saba, St. Eustatius, St. Kitts, Nevis and
(?)Montserrat.
102 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Range. Islands of Jamaica, Hispaniola (including surrounding
islands), Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Saba, St. Eustatius, St.
Kitts, Nevis and possibly Montserrat.
Field Museum Collection. 3: Jamaica (unspecified, 2); Lesser
Antilles (St. Kitts, 1).
Buteo jamaicensis fumosus Nelson. 1 TRES MARIAS RED-TAILED
HAWK.
Buteo borealis fumosus Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 7, Jan. 27, 1898
Maria Madre Island, Tres Marias group, Mexico (type in U. S. National
Museum); idem, N. Amer. Fauna, 14, p. 37, 1899 Maria Madre, Maria
Magdalena and Maria Cleofa (descr. of imm.; meas.); Swann, Syn. List
Accip., p. 48, 1919 (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip., p. 80, 1922 (chars.);
McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 297, 1926 Maria Madre
Island; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 397, 1928 (monog.).
Buteo borealis var. montana (not Buteo montanus Nuttall) Grayson, Proc. Bost.
Soc. N. H., 14, p. 268, 1871 Tres Marias Islands.
Buteo borealis var. calurus (not Buteo calurus Cassin) Lawrence, Mem. Bost.
Soc. N. H., 2, p. 301, 1874 part, Tres Marias Islands.
Buteo borealis var. costaricensis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 285, 1874 part, Tres Marias Islands (descr.
of young).
Buteo fumosus Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 65, 1900
Tres Marias Islands.
Buteo jamaicensis fumosus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 Tres Marias
Islands.
Range. Tres Marias Islands, off western Mexico.
Buteo jamaicensis socorroensis Nelson. SOCORRO RED-TAILED
HAWK.
Buteo borealis var. montanus (not Buteo montanus Nuttall) Lawrence, Proc.
Bost. Soc. N. H., 14, p. 301, 1871 Socorro Island (no descr.).
Buteo borealis socorroensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 3, p. 220, 1880
(nomen nudum); Townsend, I.e., 13, p. 135, 1890 Socorro Island (nomen
nudum); Nelson, 2 Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 7 (in text), Jan. 12,
1 Buteo jamaicensis fumosus Nelson is said to differ from B. j. socorroensis by
being darker, more uniformly marked below, and by lacking the lighter areas on
the throat and breast. On the dorsal surface fumosus is stated to be readily
distinguishable by the uniform smoky brown head and neck, and the lack of rusty
edgings to the neck and wing feathers.
2 Though not formally describing the Socorro bird, Nelson lists its measure-
ments in comparison to B. j. fumosus and also mentions certain color characters,
so that the name socorroensis would seem to be acceptable under the Rules. The
first proper description otB.j. socorroensis appeared in the "Biologia" from notes
supplied by Ridgway. The co-types are in the United States National Museum.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 103
1898 Socorro Island; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 48, 1919 Socorro
Island; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 80, 1922 Socorro Island (chars.); McLellan,
Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 15, p. 297, 1926 Socorro Island (nest; descr.);
Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 397, 1928 (monog.).
Buteo borealis var. costaricensis (not of Ridgway) Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc.
N. H., 2, p. 302, 1874 Socorro Island.
Buteo socorroensis Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 64,
1900 Socorro Island (descr.).
Buteo jamaicensis socorroensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 (range).
Range. Socorro Island, off western Mexico.
*Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Ridgway. 1 COSTA RICAN RED-
TAILED HAWK.
Buteo borealis var. costaricensis Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 285 (note), Jan., 1874 Costa Rica (type in
U. S. National Museum); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves,
3, p. 61, 1900 part, Guatemala (in part) to Panama.
Buteo borealis (not Falco borealis Gmelin) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1864, p. 369 Panama Railroad.
Buteo borealis var. montanus (not Buteo montanus Nuttall) Lawrence, Ann.
Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 133, 1868 San Jos6 and Los Tabacales,
Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 Costa Rica.
(Buteo borealis) subsp. a. Buteo montanus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1,
p. 189, 1874 part, spec, m-o, Costa Rica (San Jos6), Guatemala and
Panama.
Buteo borealis costaricensis Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 404, 1882
La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 5, p. 377, 1883 San Juan
del Sur, Nicaragua; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1, p. 126,
1887 Cartago and Santa Maria de Dota, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 457, 1910 San Lucas de Dota and Azahar de
Cartago, Costa Rica; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 48, 1919 Costa Rica
to Panama; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 78, 1922 Guatemala to Panama; idem,
1 Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Ridgway differs from B. j. borealis (including
"calurus") by the absence (or mere suggestion) of the rufescent edgings to the
feathers of the hindcrown, nape and upper back; by the whiter under parts with
little, if any, rufescent tinge, the throat being mostly white or but sparingly
streaked with dusky and the breast frequently immaculate; and by the indistinct-
ness or sometimes the absence of barring of the tibial feathers.
Unequivocal specimens of this form have been examined from British Hon-
duras (Southern Pine Ridge, Western District), Guatemala (Duenas; San Gero-
nimo; San Martin, Quezaltenango), Nicaragua (Matagalpa; El Volcan, Chinan-
dega), Costa Rica (Los Tabacoles), and Veraguas (Calobre, Castillo). From
Mexico, which is included in its breeding range, we have seen only winter birds,
all of which appear to be referable to B. j. borealis (calurus). C.E.H.
Four adult birds taken in Michoacan in July and August are in Field Mu-
seum. Two are in the dark phase and show no rufescent coloration except on the
tail. Of the two others one is slightly rufescent about the crown and nape and
quite rufescent below, with the throat and chest moderately streaked with dusky,
while the other has no rufescent edges to the crown and nape, but is very dusky
on the throat and upper chest and slightly rufescent on the belly and thighs. B.C.
104 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 395, 1926 Guatemala to Panama (monog.);
Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 154, 1932 Tecpam (July),
San Lucas (June), and Panajachel (Sept.), Guatemala.
Buteo coslaricensis Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 20, 1902 Boquete,
Chiriqui.
Buteo jamaicensis costaricensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 southern
Mexico to Panama; idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 310, 1931
Changuinola, Almirante, Panama (Dec. 9); Griscom, I.e., 78, p. 298,
1935 Mountains of Veraguas, Panama; Dickey and van Rossem, Field
Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 109, 1938 El Salvador (crit.).
Range. Highlands of southern Mexico (Michoacan), Guatemala,
British Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama
east to the Canal Zone. 1
Field Museum Collection. 11: Mexico, Michoacan (Tancitaro, 3;
Patzcuaro, 1); Guatemala (Tecpam, Chimaltenango, 1); El Salvador
(Volcan San Miguel, 1); Honduras (Cerro Cantoral, Tegucigalpa, 3);
Costa Rica (Zarcero, Alajuela, 1); Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui, 1).
1 A very puzzling bird is the hawk described by Gould as Buteo ventralis.
In addition to the type (Reg. No. 55. 12. 19. 204), collected by Darwin at Santa
Cruz, the British Museum has a female secured by D. S. Bullock on April 14,
1906, at Maquehue, Temuco, Chile. They are very much alike, the Maquehue
example differing merely by having the lateral edges to the nape-feathers white
rather than cinnamomeous, seven instead of eight dark tailbands, and doubtless
because of its fresh unfaded condition, blacker dorsal coloration and markings
below. The two birds bear a remarkable likeness to the immature stage of B. j.
costaricensis, have the same strong feet and toes and the four superprimaries
deeply incised, but differ by having shorter tails with seven to eight alternate
bands of brown and black of equal width (about 10 mm.), whereas in B. j. costari-
censis the rectrices are grayish brown, more or less tinged with ochraceous and
crossed by eight to ten narrow (not more than 5 mm. wide) dusky bars, which are
about one-fourth of the width of the pale interspaces. It is hard to believe that
in the extreme south of South America a local breeding race of the Red-tailed
Hawk has escaped the researches of naturalists, unless we assume it to be on the
verge of extinction, which seems altogether unlikely. Until more specimens are
available and the adult plumage becomes known, the status of B. ventralis will
have to be left in abeyance. Hellmayr's remark (Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool.
Ser., 19, p. 275, 1932) about its identity with the juvenile plumage of B. polyosoma
is due to comparison with a specimen erroneously labeled as type, which is indeed
a young Red-backed Hawk. The type is the bird listed by Sharpe (Cat. Bds.
Brit. Mus., 1, p. 190) as spec, p, juv., under Buteo borealis subsp. a. B. montanus.
The two specimens of B. ventralis measure as follows: Wing, 370 (type), 355
(Maquehue); tail, 220.
The synonymy of this unsettled form is here appended.
Buteo ventralis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, p. 10, Oct. 3, 1837 no
locality (type in British Museum examined); idem, in Darwin, Zool.
Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 27, 1839 Santa Cruz, Patagonia; Philippi, Anal.
Univ. Chile, 31, p. 243, 1868 "southern provinces of Chile"; Reed, I.e.,
93, p. 205, 1896 Chile; Housse, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 29, p. 142, 1925
San Bernardo, Santiago, Chile; Philippi B., Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat.,
Santiago, 21, p. 75, 1943 (specimens listed).
Buteo ater Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 664, 667, 1899 Chile (type
in National Museum, Santiago, Chile); idem, Arch. Naturg., 65, (1),
p. 168, 1899; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 9, pi. 5, 1902 Valdivia;
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 105
*Buteo galapagoensis (Gould). GALAPAGOS HAWK.
Polyborus galapagoensis Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 5, p. 9, Oct. 3, 1837
Galapagos Islands (type now in the British Museum).
Craxirex galapagoensis Gould, in Darwin, Zool. Beagle, 3, Birds, p. 23, pi. 2,
1839 Galapagos Islands (plumages; habits); Sclater and Salvin, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 323 Indefatigable and Abingdon Islands.
Buteo galapagensis Sundevall, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, pp. 125, 127
Galapagos Islands; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 170, 1874 (monog.);
Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 9, p. 495, 1876 Indefatigable and Abing-
don Islands (crit.); Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 143, 1884 (crit.);
Gifford, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 2, p. 190, 1919 Galapagos Islands
(nesting habits; food); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 41, 1919 (chars.);
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 68, 1922 (chars.).
Buteo (Craxirex) galapagoensis Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875,
p. 93 Galapagos Islands (monog.).
Buteo galapagoensis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, p. 113, 1890
Indefatigable and Abingdon Islands (crit.); idem, I.e., 19, p. 587, 1897
Galapagos Islands (monog.); Rothschild and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 6, p.
174, 1899 Galapagos Islands (crit.; egg); iidem, I.e., 9, p. 404, 1902
Narborough, Indefatigable and Seymour Islands (crit.); Snodgrass and
Heller, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 5, p. 264, 1904 Albemarle Island (habits;
nest; eggs); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 351, 1926 (monog.); Swarth,
Occ. Pap., Calif. Acad. Sci., 18, p. 46, 1931 Bindloe, Abingdon, James,
Jervis, Duncan, Albemarle, Narborough, Indefatigable, Daphne, Seymour,
Barrington, Chatham, Hood, and Gardner-near-Hood Islands (crit.;
meas.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 (range).
Range. Galapagos Archipelago (recorded from the islands of
Bindloe, Abingdon, James, Jervis, Duncan, Albemarle, Narborough,
Indefatigable, Daphne, Seymour, Barrington, Chatham, Hood, and
Gardner-near-Hood) .
Field Museum Collection. 5: Galapagos Islands (Togos Cove,
Albemarle Island, 1; Albemarle Island, 1; Barrington, 1; Abingdon
Island, 1; Bindloe Island, 1).
Philippi B., El Hornero, 8, p. 186, 1942 (type from Valdivia, said to be
dark phase of B. j. ventralis).
Buteo macronychus Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 103, pp. 664, 667, 1899
Chile (type in National Museum, Santiago, Chile); idem, Arch. Naturg.,
65, (1), p. 168, 1899 Valdivia; idem, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, p. 8,
pi. 4, 1902 Valdivia (juvenile plumage); Philippi B., El Hornero, 8,
p. 185, 1942 (type from Valdivia said to be the light phase of B. j. ventralis).
Asturina(l) picta Philippi, Anal. Mus. Nac. Chile, 15, sect. 1, Zool., p. 17,
pi. 9, 1902 Valdivia; Philippi B., El Hornero, 8, p. 182, fig. 1, 1942
(= immature Buteo ventralis Gould).
Buteo borealis ventralis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 80, 1922 Patagonia and
southern Chile (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 397, 1928 (monog.).
Buteo jamaicensis borealis Philippi B., Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 44, p. 142, 1940
Chile (visitor; tax. note); Housse, El Hornero, 8, p. 46, 1941 Malleco,
Chile (nesting).
106 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
*Buteo lineatus elegans Cassin. RED-BELLIED HAWK.
Buteo elegans Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, No. 7, Feb., 1855, p.
281, pub. May 22, 1855 Calif ornia= Sacramento, Sacramento County 1
(type in collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia;
cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 29, and Grinnell, Univ.
Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 266, 1932).
(Buteo lineatus) var. elegans Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist.
N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 277, 1874 (monog.).
Buteo lineatus (not Falco lineatus Gmelin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1,
p. 191, 1874 part, California; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer.,
Aves, 3, p. 66, 1900 part, California.
Buteo lineatus elegans Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 49, 1919 (range); idem,
Syn. Accip., p. 81, 1922 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 400,
1928 (monog.); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 32, p. 109, 1928
northwestern Lower California; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 1931
(range); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 203, 1937 (life hist.).
Range. Austral zone of Oregon and California, chiefly in the
San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys and in the San Diego district
from Marin and Shasta counties south to northwestern Lower
California.
Field Museum Collection. 6: California (Los Angeles County, 2;
Pala, San Diego County, 1; San Diego, 1; San Francisco, 1; Los
Olivos, Santa Barbara County, 1).
*Buteo lineatus lineatus (Gmelin). NORTHERN RED-SHOULDERED
HAWK.
Falco lineatus Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 268, 1788 based on "Barred-
breasted Buzzard" Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., 1, (1), p. 56, 2 and "Red-
Shouldered Falcon" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 206, Long Island, New
York (ex Pennant).
Falco hyemalis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 274, 1788 based on "Winter
Falcon" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 209, New York (type in coll. of Mrs.
Blackburne).
Buteo fuscus (not Falco fuscus Miller 1777) Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amer.
Sept., 1, p. 31, pi. 5, 1807 North America (type in coll. of P. L. Vieillot;
descr. of young).
Falco Buteoides Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, 1, p. 100, 1832
eastern North America.
Buteo lineatus var. lineatus Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway, Hist.
N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 275, 1874 (monog.; excl. of Florida).
1 As shown by Grinnell (Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 38, p. 267, 1932).
1 This specimen, formerly in the Leverian Museum, passed into the Vienna
Museum (cf. Pelzeln, Ibis, 1873, p. 106).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 107
Buteo lineatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 191, 1874 part, spec, a,
c, Delaware; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 66,
1900 part, eastern North America.
Buteo lineatus lineatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 49, 1919 (chars.; range);
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 80, 1922 (range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 399,
1928 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 1931 (range); Bent, Bull.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 180, 1937 (life hist.).
Range. Breeds from Manitoba, southern Quebec, Nova Scotia
and Prince Edward Island south to southern Kansas, northeastern
Tennessee, and North Carolina; winters through the southern part
of its breeding range south to the Gulf and South Atlantic states.
Field Museum Collection. 66: Arkansas (Amity, 1); Wisconsin
(Beaver Dam, 1); Illinois (Lake County, 3; Cook County, 5; Pulaski
County, 1); Indiana (Bluffton, 2); Maine (Lincoln, 1); Connecticut
(East Hartford, 7; Black Hall, 1; Litchfield, 1; Warren, 1; Killing-
worth, 1 ; New Haven County, 29; Stamford, 7) ; New Jersey (Orange,
2); Georgia (Roswell, 3).
*Buteo lineatus texanus Bishop. 1 TEXAS RED-SHOULDERED
HAWK.
Buteo lineatus texanus Bishop, Auk, 29, p. 232, April 5, 1912 Corpus Christi,
Texas (type in coll. of L. B. Bishop, now in Field Museum) ; Swann, Syn.
List Accip., p. 50, 1919 Texas and Mexico (chars.); idem, Syn. Accip.,
p. 81, 1922 (chars.; range); Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 42, p. 535, 1925
Brownsville and Lometa, Texas; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 402,
1928 Texas to Tamaulipas (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 1931
(range); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 210, 1937 (life hist.).
Buteo lineatus (not Falco lineatus Gmelin) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
25, p. 211, 1857 Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico; Salvin and Godman, Biol.
Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 66, 1900 part, Mexico (Orizaba, Mexico City,
[?]Zacatecas).
Buteo elegans (not of Cassin) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1869, p. 364 City of Mexico.
Range. Plains of southern Texas (San Antonio, Austin, Corpus
Christi, Brownsville, Lometa, etc.) and adjoining parts of Tamau-
lipas, Mexico; casual to central Mexico (Valley of Mexico; Orizaba,
Vera Cruz).
Field Museum Collection. 16: Texas (Corpus Christi, Nueces
County, 16).
1 Buteo lineatus texanus Bishop: Similar to the nominate race but differs by
having the breast more spotted with buffy, with the dark pectoral shaft streaks
more conspicuous, and the anterior upper parts more rufous. The characters of
this form are not very pronounced in specimens from Brownsville and San Antonio,
when compared to a series from Washington, D.C. A single adult from the
Valley of Mexico appears to belong here.
108 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
*Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway. 1 SOUTHERN RED-SHOULDERED
HAWK.
Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7, "1884," p. 514, pub.
Feb. 25, 1885 Tampa, Florida (type in U. S. National Museum); Swann,
Syn. List Accip., p. 49, 1919 South Carolina to Florida (chars.); idem,
Syn. Accip., p. 81, 1922 (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 401,
1928 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 1931 (range); Bent, Bull.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 199, 1937 (life hist.); Oberholser, Bds. Louisiana,
p. 169, 1938 Louisiana.
Range. Resident in the South Atlantic and Gulf states from
South Carolina west to Oklahoma and south to eastern Texas, and
Florida (except the southern tip).
Field Museum Collection. 33: Louisiana (Mansura, Avoyelles
County, 1); Florida (Bradford County, 4; Brevard County, 1;
Duval County, 1; Hillsborough County, 1; Lee County, 2; Nassau
County, 7; Palm Beach County, 7; Pinellas County, 1; Putnam
County, 4; Volusia County, 4).
*Buteo lineatus extimus Bangs. 2 FLORIDA RED-SHOULDERED
HAWK.
Buteo lineatus extimus Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 7, p. 35, January 16,
1920 Cape Florida, southern end of Key Biscayne (type in Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233,
1931 (range); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 208, 1937 (life hist.).
Range. Extreme southern Florida in Monroe and Dade counties.
Field Museum Collection. 9: Florida (Dade County, 4; Key
Largo, 4; Key West, 1).
*Buteo ridgwayi (Cory). RIDGWAY'S HAWK.
Rupornis ridgwayi Cory, Quart. Journ. Bost. Zool. Soc., 2, No. 4, p. 46, Oct.,
1883 "Santo Domingo" (type from Samana, Dominican Republic, in
coll. of C. B. Cory, now in Field Museum, examined); idem, Auk, 1,
p. 4, 1884 San Domingo (descr.); idem, Bds. Haiti and San Dom., p.
121, col. pis. (adult and young), 1884 Magua, Samana, and Almercen;
idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 196, 1889 "San Domingo" (descr.); Tristram,
1 Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgway is distinguished from B. I. lineatus by smaller
size, paler under parts, and decidedly ashy tone of the upper plumage.
2 Buteo lineatus extimus Bangs: Similar to B. I. alleni in coloration but much
smaller. Wing (male), 275; tail, 170.
This hawk replaces the foregoing race in the southern parts of Florida. Bent
found it particularly common in Monroe County and traced it as far north as
Lake Okeechobee. Though the "Florida Keys" were supposed to constitute
part of its range, no Red-shouldered Hawk appears to breed there (cf. Bent,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 208, 1937).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 109
Cat. Coll. Tristram, pp. 61, 271, 1889 Samana; Cory, Cat. W. Ind. Bds.,
p. 99, 1892 Haiti and San Domingo; Christy, Ibis, 1897, p. 335 Yuna
River (sight record); Verrill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 61, p. 357,
1909 Minanda; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 61, p. 401, 1917
Laguna Flaca; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 94, 1922 (chars.; range); Bond,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 493, 1928 Massif du Nord, Haiti;
- Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 444, 1930 (monog.); Wetmore and Swales,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 114, 1931 Hispaniola (monog.).
Coryornis ridgwayi Danforth, Auk, 46, p. 362, 1929 Santo Domingo City,
Haina and Gouade Island.
Buleo ridgwayi Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 233, 1931 (range); Wetmore, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 81, art. 2, p. 14, 1932 Ile-a-Vache, Hispaniola; idem
and Lincoln, I.e., 82, art. 25, p. 21, 1933 Geffard (Haiti), Ile-a-Vache,
and Beata Island, Hispaniola.
Range. Island of Hispaniola, Greater Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 4: Hispaniola, Dominican Republic
(Samana, Samana, 3; Magua, Seibo, 1).
*Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte. SWAINSON'S HAWK.
Buteo Swainsoni Bonaparte, Geog. Comp. List Bds. Europe and North
America, p. 3, 1838 new name for "Buteo vulgaris" Audubon=FaHco
buteo Audubon, Bds. Amer., Folio ed., 1, pi. 372, Columbia River 1 =Fort
Vancouver, Washington (type evidently lost) ; Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer
and Ridgway, Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 263, 1874 (monog.); Salvin, Ibis,
1875, pp. 372, 377 Mas Afuera, off Chile; Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 234
(crit.) ; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 540 Antioquia,
Colombia; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 469 Lomas de Zamora, Buenos
Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 59, pi. 16, 1889 Lomas de
Zamora and Conchitas, Buenos Aires; Holland, Ibis, 1890, p. 426
Espartillar, Buenos Aires; idem, Ibis, 1892, p. 203 same locality (winter
visitor; January); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3,
p. 68, 1900 Mexico, Guatemala (Duenas), and Costa Rica (San Jose",
Tucurriqui); Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 204, 1902 Rio
Sali, Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905
Rio Sali, Tucuman; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 89, 1907 (Rio Grande
do Sul, Brazil) (range); Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18,
p. 244, 1910 Tucuman and Buenos Aires; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
6, p. 457, 1910 Volcan de Irazu, Costa Rica (April); Grant, Ibis, 1911,
p. 331 Luiconia and Los Yngleses, Ajo, Buenos Aires; Gibson, Ibis, 1919,
p. 507 Buenos Aires records; Ambrosetti, El Hornero, 1, p. 287, 1919
Buenos Aires (Moron, Barracas al Sud, Muniz, Quilmes, Platenos, San
Pedro) and Cordoba; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 42, 1919 (range); idem,
Syn. Accip., p. 70, 1922 (range); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14,
No. 25, p. 230, 1922 Zambiza, Ecuador (Jan. 15); Giacomelli, El Hornero,
3, p. 77, 1923 Chacre de la Merced, La Rioja; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr.
Publ. for 1922-23, p. 630, 1924 Buenos Aires Province; (?)Sztolcman,
1 Cf. Audubon, Orn. Biog., 4, p. 508, 1838.
110 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Ann. Zool. Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 123, 1926 Barre do Rio Bom,
Parana, Brazil (Dec. 22); Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. Ill,
1926 Sierra San Xavier, above Tafi Viejo, Tucuman (April 17); Swann,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 361, 1926 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1,
p. 233, 1931 (range); Zotta, El Hornero, 4, p. 422, 1931 Argentina (food);
Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 64, p. 154, 1932 Guatemala; Laub-
mann, Verb. Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 294, 1934 Est. La Geraldina; Santa
Fe (April 20); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935
Panama (transient); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1,
p. 430, 1936 (winter range in Argentina); Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
167, p. 222, 1937 (life hist.); (?)Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 22, p. 70, 1938
Primeira Cruz, Maranhao (July); Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus.
Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. 116, 1938 El Salvador (spring and fall
transient); Pittman, Blue-Jay, Yorkton, Saskatchewan, 2, p. 27, 1944
(habits); van Rossem, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21,
p. 57, 1945 Sonora (distr.); Borrero, Caldasia, 3, (14), p. 411, 1945
Sabana de Bogota, Colombia.
Buteo montanus Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Canada, 2nd ed., 1, p. 112,
1840 eastern North America (no type extant).
Buteo bairdii (Hoy MS.) Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 6, p. 451, Dec.,
1853 State of Wisconsin (descr. of young; type in the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1899, p. 29).
Buteo insignatus Cassin, 111. Bds. Calif., Texas, etc., p. 102, pi. 31, 1854
Canada (descr. of melanistic plumage; type in collection of Museum of
Natural History Society of Montreal); Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,
10, p. 90, 1865 (crit. note on type).
Buteo oxypterus Cassin, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 7, p. 282, Feb., 1855
Fort Webster, New Mexico (descr. of young; type in the Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1899, p. 29); Baird, Cassin and Lawrence, Bds. N. Amer., p. 30, pi. 15,
fig. 2, 1860 Fort Fillmore, New Mexico.
Buteo fuliginosus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 356, Nov. 9, 1858
State of Tamaulipas, Mexico (type in Norwich Museum; descr. of melan-
istic plumage); idem, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 4, p. 267, pi. 62, 1858
Tamaulipas (fig. of type); Baird, Cassin and Lawrence, Bds. N. Amer.,
pi. 15, fig. 1; Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 235 (crit.).
(l)Buteo gutturalis Wied, Journ. Orn., 6, p. 17, 1858 prairies of the upper
Missouri River (type destroyed by fire).
Buteo albonotatus (not of Kaup) (?)Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
9, p. 133, 1868 San Jose, Costa Rica.
Buteo albicaudatus (not of Vieillot) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1869, p. 634 Conchitas, Buenos Aires.
Buteo pterocles (not Falco pterocles Temminck) Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136 Rio
Gato, Entre Rios (spec, examined).
Buteo obsoletus (not Falco obsoletus Gmelin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,
1, p. 184, 1874 (monog.).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 111
Buteo (Craxirex) Swainsoni Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875,
p. 100 (monog.; plumage).
Range. Breeds from western Alaska, northwestern Mackenzie
and Manitoba south to southern California and southeastern
Arizona; in migration through Central America and western South
America (scattered records from Colombia and Ecuador) to its
winter range in Argentina (south occasionally to the Rio Negro 1
and (?)Chile 2 (occasional on Mas Afuera, Juan Fernandez Islands). 3
Field Museum Collection. 111: British Columbia (Okanagan, 1);
Alberta (Rosebud, 6; Many Islands Lake, 1); Saskatchewan (Maple
Creek, 6; Cloverley, 1); Manitoba (Winnipeg, 1); California (San
Bernardino County, 2; Los Angeles County, 3); Arizona (Cochise
County, 3; Santa Cruz County, 1); Idaho (Payette, 3); Colorado
(Routt County, 2; El Paso County, 1; New Castle, 4); Texas
(Brewster County, 1; Aransas County, 1; Corpus Christi, 2); North
Dakota (Eddy County, 1; Grippe County, 3; Nelson County, 11;
Pierce County, 1; Ramsey County, 4; Rolette County, 4; Towner
County, 39); Minnesota (Marshall County, 1); Iowa (Jackson
County, 1); Kansas (Comanche County, 1; Oberlin, 2); Florida
(Key West, 1); Mexico (Pesqueira, Sonora, 1; Tampico, Tamaulipas,
1); Costa Rica (Jimenez, Limon, 1).
*Buteo lagopus s.-johannis (Gmelin). AMERICAN ROUGH-LEGGED
HAWK.
Falco S. Johannis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 273, 1788 based on "St.
John's Falcon" Pennant, Arct. Zool., 2, p. 200, "in fretu Hudson's et
nova terra" = Newfoundland.
Falco niger Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. vi, 1812 new name for "Black Hawk"
Wilson, I.e., p. 82, pi. 53, fig. 1, North America (melanistic variety).
Buteo aler Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 4, p. 482, 1816 based
on "Black Hawk" Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 82, pi. 53, fig. 1.
Archibuteo sancli johannis Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 197, 1874
(monog.).
1 Although the locality "Patagonia" attached to two or three specimens in
the British Museum on a dealer's authority is altogether untrustworthy, Swainson's
Hawk does occasionally extend its winter migration so far south, as is proved by
a juvenile male, obtained on the Rio Negro in May, 1871, in the same collection.
2 We have not seen a single Chilean specimen of Swainson's Hawk. If it
occurs at all in Chile, as has been claimed by Albert, it is probably but an occasional
visitor. The majority spend the winter in Argentina, where these birds, according
to local observers, at times appear in enormous flocks.
* In addition to large series from North America we have examined specimens
from the following localities: Colombia: Antioquia, 1. Bolivia: Esperanza, 1
(May). Argentina: Los Yngleses, A jo, Buenos Aires, 5; Espartillar, Buenos Aires,
2 (Feb.); Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, 1 (Feb. 4); Rio Negro, Patagonia, 1.
112 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p.
256, 1892 (biol.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 53, 1919 (chars.; range);
Swarth, Pac. Coast Avifauna, 22, p. 24, 1934 Akutan Island (nesting).
Triorchis lagopus sancti-johannis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 88, 1922 (chars.;
range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 424, 1928 (monog.).
Buleo lagopus s.-johannis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 236, 1931 (range); Bent,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 269, 1937 (life hist.); Porsild, Canad. Field
Nat., 57, p. 25, 1943 Mackenzie Delta (nesting); Bray, Auk, 60, p. 515,
1943 Southampton Island (nesting); Soper, Auk, 63, p. 223, 1946
Baffin Island (nesting).
Range. Breeds in Arctic America from the Aleutian Islands and
northwestern Alaska to Baffin Island, south to central British
Columbia, southern Ungava, and Newfoundland; winters from
southern British Columbia and the northern United States to
California, New Mexico, Texas and North Carolina; accidental on
St. George Island, Pribilof Islands.
Field Museum Collection. 50: Alaska (Bethel, 3; Iditirod, 5;
Hot Springs, 2); Northwest Territory (Franklin Bay, 2); British
Columbia (Victoria, 1); Alberta (Midnapore, 1); California (Bridge-
port, Mono County, 1); Montana (Gallatin County, 1); Wyoming
(Crook County, 1); North Dakota (Nelson County, 1; Towner
County, 1); Kansas (Blue Rapids, 1; Burlington, 2); Minnesota
(Roseau County, 2); Iowa (Audubon, 1; Burlington, 1); Wisconsin
(Beaver Dam, 7); Illinois (Cook County, 1; Sycamore, 1; Plane, 1;
Will County, 1); Indiana (Lake County, 3); Labrador (Mannak's
Island, 1; Curlew Harbor, 5; Indian Harbor, 1); Maine (Lincoln, 1);
Connecticut (Fairfield County, 1; New Haven, 1).
Buteo lagopus kamtschatkensis Dementjew. KAMCHATKA
ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK.
Buteo lagopus kamtschatkensis Dementjew, Orn. Monatsber., 39, p. 54, Mar. 4,
1931 mouth of Kichtschik River, Kamchatka (type in Moscow Museum).
(T)Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis Bailey, Condor, 28, p. 123, 1926
Golovin Bay, Norton Sound (nesting).
(Buteo lagopus) pallidus (not Archibuteo pallidus Menzbier) Friedmann,
Condor, 36, p. 246, 1934 St. Michaels, Alaska (Sept. 16, 1879); idem,
Auk, 55, p. 291, 1938 (com); (?)Bailey, Auk, 59, p. 305, 1942 Barrow
and Norton Sound, Alaska (nesting).
Range. Kamchatka; on migration and in winter on Bering Island
and "Ursuriland." (?)Nesting in Alaska (Golovin Bay, Norton
Sound; Barrow, St. Michael's). 1
1 Friedmann (Condor, 36, p. 246, 1934; Auk, 55, p. 291, 1938) and Bailey
(Auk, 59, p. 305, 1942) identify specimens from western Alaska as B. I. kamtschat-
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 113
*Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot). 1 BROAD- WINGED
HAWK.
Falco pennsylvanicus (not of Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 13, pi. 46, fig. 1, 1812)
Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 92, pi. 54, fig. 1, 1812 near the Schuylkill
River, Pennsylvania (type in coll. o,f R. T. Peale, now in the Academy
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; cf. Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1899, p. 11).
Sparvius platypterus Vieillot, Tabl. Enc. Meth. Orn., livr. 93, p. 1273, 1823
based on Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, pi. 54, fig. 1.
Falco Wilsonii Bonaparte, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 3, p. 348, April, 1824
new name for Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson, Amer. Orn., 6, p. 92, 1812.
Falco latissimus Bonaparte, 2 Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 3, p. 348 (foot-
note), April, 1824 substitute name for Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson,
p. 92; Ord, Wilson's Amer. Orn., 2nd ed., 6, p. 92, 1824 (dated "1812,"
but see Faxen, Auk, 18, p. 217, 1901).
Buteo pennsylvanicus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 261, 1857 Rio
Javarri, Brazil; idem, I.e., 26, p. 451, 1858 Gualaquiza, Ecuador; idem,
I.e., 28, p. 71, 1860 Pallatanga, Ecuador; Sclater and Salvin, I.e., 1873,
p. 302 Chamicuros, Peru; Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer and Ridgway,
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 3, p. 259, 1874 (monog.; excl. of Cuba); Sclater and
Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 540 Concordia, Envigada, and
Santa Elena, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 177 Minca,
Colombia; Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 47 Huambo,
Peru; Berlepsch and Taczanowski, I.e., 1883, p. 574 Chimbo, Ecuador;
Taczanowski, Orn. Per., 1, p. 113, 1884 Peru (Huambo, Chamicuros);
idem and Berlepsch, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 110 San Rafael,
Ecuador; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, I.e., 1902, (2), p. 42 Maraynioc,
Junfn, Peru.
Buteo latissimus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 193, 1874 Quebec,
Ohio (Poland), Venezuela (Caracas), Peru (Chamicuros) and Panama;
Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 501, 1898 Paramba, Ecuador; Bangs, Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 132, 1898 Santa Marta, Colombia; Allen, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 130, 1900 Bonda, Valparaiso and Santa Marta,
Colombia; idem, Auk, 17, p. 364, 1900 Santa Marta localities; Salvin
and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 69, 1900 Mexico to Panama;
Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 221 Archidona and Guacamayo Range beyond
Baeza, Ecuador; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 90, 1907 Rio Javarri,
Brazil; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 131, 1914 (listed).
kensis but admit that the examples studied are not typical. At best Alaskan birds
would seem to be only intermediates.
1 Doubtfully applicable to the Broad-Winged Hawk is Falco fuscus Miller
(Var. Subj. Nat. Hist., Part 3, pi. 18, 1777 name not on plate, but on explanatory
sheet to Part 3, with the caption "hab. in Greenlandis" ; Shaw, in Miller, Cimelia
Phys., p. 35, pi. 18, 1796 "native of North America"). The rather poor figure
looks somewhat like B. platypterus but shows a red dark-banded tail. On Miller's
plate is also based Falco cinerascens Bechstein, Latham's Allg. Ubers. Vogel, 4,
(1), p. 36, 1811.
2 Falco latissimus, as published by Ord (in Guthrie, New Geog. Hist, and
Commercial Grammar, 2nd Amer. ed., 2, p. 315, 1815) is a nomen nudum.
114 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Buteo (Craxirex) pennsylvanicus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875,
p. 116 (monog.; excl. of Cuba).
Buteo platypterus Faxon, Auk, 18, p. 218, 1901 (nomencl.); Bangs, Proc. New
Eng. Zool. Cl., 3, p. 20, 1902 Boquete and Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama;
Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 82, 1907 Patulul,
Guatemala; Ferry, I.e., p. 259, 1910 Coliblanco and Puerto Limon, Costa
Rica; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 243, 1917 Colombia
(Juntas de Tamane, Dec. 19; Puerto Valdivia; La Frijolera; San Antonio,
Jan. 14-Feb. 16; El Roble, Nov. 10; Salento, Oct. 31-Nov. 6; Santa
Elena; Rio Toche, Oct. 23, 25; Fusugasuga, Apr. 13; Villavicencio, Mar. 9);
Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, (25), p. 40, 1922 Ecuador (Pi-
chincha, Dec.; road to Mindo, Mar.; Gualea, Dec., Feb., July 10(1);
Zambia, Nov.; Alaguinche, Mar.; Sincholagua, June 16[!]; Pomasqui,
Aug. ![!]; Rio Guaillabamba, Dec.).
Buteo platypterus platypterus Riley, Auk, 25, p. 269, 1908 (syn. excl. of Cuban
and Puerto Rican records); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 458,
1910 Costa Rica (migratory visitor); Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, pp. 150,
162, 170, 1911 (plumages; syn.; life hist.; range, excl. of Cuba); Swann,
Syn. List Accip., p. 50, 1919 (range in part); idem, Auk, 38, p. 360, 1921
Valle, Escorial, Culata, Conejos, and Nevados (Aug. 14-March 15),
Merida, Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 82, 1922 (range); Todd and
Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 150, 1922 La Conception, Bonda,
Cinto, Valparaiso, Mamatoco, Pueblo Viejo, Colombia (winter visitant,
Oct. 12 -Apr. 10); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 230, 1926
Ecuador (below Chambo; Naranjo, Dec.; Bucay, Dec.; below Oyacachi,
Jan.-Feb.; above Baeza, Feb. 13; Rio Suno, Feb. 11); Kennard and
Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 38, p. 449, 1928 Almirante, Panama
(Feb. 26); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 403, 1928 (monog.); Zimmer,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 246, 1930 Rio Colorado, Peru;
Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 107, 1930 Urucum, Matto
Grosso; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 236, 1931 (range); idem, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 71, p. 311, 1931 Almirante Bay, Panama; Griscom, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 155, 1932 Secanquim and Barillos, Guatemala;
Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 212, 1932 Eden, Nicaragua;
Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 Panama (visitor);
Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 236, 1937 (life hist.); Pinto, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 23, p. 505, 1938 Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro, Brazil (Dec.);
Dickey and van Rossem, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 23, p. Ill,
1938 El Salvador (migratory visitor); Philippi B., Bol. Mus. Nac. Hist.
Nat. Santiago, 21, p. 74, 1943 Chile (3 records); Borrero, Caldasia, 3,
(14), p. 411, 1945 Sabana de Bogota, Colombia.
Buteo platypterus iowensis Bailey, Auk, 34, p. 73, Jan., 1917 Eagle Lake,
Hancock County, Iowa (type in Coe College Museum, Cedar Rapids,
Iowa); Oberholser, I.e., 35, p. 478, 1918 (crit.; melanism).
Range. Breeds from Alberta, Ontario, southern Quebec and
Cape Breton Island south to Texas, the Gulf states and Florida,
west to the eastern edge of the Great Plains; winters from southern
Illinois and New Jersey to Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, southern
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 115
Peru (Huambo; Chamicuros; Pozuzo, Huanuco; Rio Colorado,
Chanchamayo, and Maraynioc, Junfn; Santa Domingo; Carabaya,
Puno) and Brazil (Sao Gabriel, Rio Negro; Urucum, Matto Grosso).
Also recorded from Chile (3 records).
Field Museum Collection. 107: Alberta (Migualen Lake, Ed-
monton, 1); North Dakota (Griggs County, 1; Nelson County, 2;
Ramsey County, 2; Towner County, 1); Minnesota (Parker's
Prairie, Otter Tail County, 1); Arkansas (Winslow, 2; Amity, 1);
Wisconsin (Beaver Dam, 4); Illinois (Lake Forest, 1; Chicago, 1;
Joliet, 2; Henry, 2); Indiana (Bluffton, 1); Maine (Calais, 1; Oxford
County, 1); New Hampshire (unspecified, 1); Connecticut (Warren,
3; Hadden, 1; Middlefield, 2; New Haven County, 10; Black Hall, 1;
Fairfield County, 2) ; New Jersey (Patterson, 10) ; Georgia (Roswell,
3); Florida (Key West, 3); Mexico (Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 1);
Guatemala (Patulul, Solola, 5; Bobos, Izabal, 1; Volcan Tajamulco,
San Marcos, 2; Mount Cacaguatique, Morazan, 1); Nicaragua
(Matagalpa, 1); Costa Rica (Coliblanco, Cartago, 1; Puerto Limon,
Limon, 1; Limon, Lim6n, 2); Panama (Boquete, Chiriqui, 1; Port
Obaldia, Darien, 2); Colombia, Cauca (El Tambo, Munchique, 11;
San Antonio, 2; La Costa, 2); Venezuela (Valle, Merida, 2; Monte
Sierra, Merida, 1); Ecuador (Paramba, 3; Huigra, Chimborazo, 1;
Anagumba, Pichincha, 1; Piganta, Pichincha, 1; Llanganate, Tun-
guragua, 1; Quinchicoto, Tunguragua, 1); Peru (Tozuco, 1; Chan-
chamayo, Junin, 2).
*Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns. 1 CUBAN BROAD-WINGED
HAWK.
Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, (=n.s. t 18), p. 148 (in
text), Nov., 1911 Cuba (type not designated); Todd, Ann. Carnegie
Mus., 10, p. 193, 1916 Los Tres Hermanos Mountains, Isle of Pines
(sight record); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 236, 1931 part, Cuba and Isle
of Pines; Bond, Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 13, p. 1, 1939 (probably
a valid race).
1 Buteo platypterus cubanensis Burns: Very similar to the nominate race, but
somewhat smaller; edges to feathers of crown and nape more extensive as well
as brighter rufous; the tibial feathers generally more strongly marked. Wing,
255, (females) 265-275; tail, 155, (female) 160-170.
No grayish "phase" so common in typical platypterus appears to occur in
Cuba. Two adults from Cuba come pretty near to B. p. anlillarum, having the
rufous edging to crown and nape feathers just as conspicuous, but have the longi-
tudinal stripes on foreneck and chest less rufous, more of a cinnamon brown to
Prout's brown. Young birds are indistinguishable from B. p. rivieri of Dominica
in coloration, but slightly larger.
Additional material examined. Cuba: Bemba, 1; Banes Bay, 1; San Cristobal,
2.
116 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Buteo latissimus (not Falco laiissimus Bonaparte) Lembeye, Av. Cuba, p. 19,
pi. 3, fig. 2, 1850 Cuba; Cory, Auk, 4, p. 40, 1887 part, Cuba; idem,
Bds. W. Ind., p. 198, 1889 part, Cuba; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99,
1892 part, Cuba.
Buteo pennsylvanicus (not Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson) Gundlach, Journ.
Orn., 2, "1854," Erinn., p. Ixxxii, 1855 Cuba; Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc.
N. H., 7, p. 306, 1860 Cuba; Gundlach, in Poey, Repert. Hist. Nat.
Cuba, 1, p. 223, 1865 Cuba (resident); idem, Journ. Orn., 19, p. 366,
1871 Cuba.
Buteo platypterus platypterus (not Sparvius platypterus Vieillot) Riley, Auk,
25, p. 269, 1908 part, Cuba (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 82, 1922
part, Cuba; Barbour, Mem. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 46, 1923 Cuba.
Range. Island of Cuba (?and Isle of Pines), Greater Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 2: Cuba (Los Palacios, 2).
Buteo platypterus brunnescens Danforth and Smyth. 1 PUERTO
RICAN BROAD-WINGED HAWK.
Buteo platypterus brunnescens Danforth and Smyth, Journ. Agric. Univ.
Puerto Rico, 19, No. 4, "October," p. 485, pub. Dec., 1935 El Yunque
Mountain, Puerto Rico (type in coll. of S. T. Danforth).
Buteo pennsylvanicus (not Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson) Gundlach, Journ.
Orn., 22, p. 310, 1874 Puerto Rico; idem, I.e., 26, pp. 158, 163,1878
Puerto Rico; idem, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., 7, p. 160, 1878 Puerto
Rico; Stahl, Ornis, 3, p. 450, 1887 Puerto Rico (rare in the mountains).
Buteo latissimus (not Falco latissimus Bonaparte) Cory, Auk, 4, p. 40, 1887
part, Puerto Rico; idem, Bds. W. Ind., p. 198, 1887 part, Puerto Rico;
idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, Puerto Rico.
Buteo platypterus platypterus (not Sparvius platypterus Vieillot) Riley, Auk,
25, p. 269, 1908 part, Puerto Rico; Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, p. 162,
1911 part, Puerto Rico; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Dept. Agric., 326, p. 32,
1916 Utuado, Puerto Rico; idem, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico and Virgin
Islands, 9, p. 322, 1927 Puerto Rico.
Buteo platypterus Peters, Auk, 47, p. 563, 1930 El Yunque, Puerto Rico
(seen).
Range. Island of Puerto Rico, Greater Antilles. 2
1 Buteo platypterus brunnescens Danforth and Smyth is stated to be darker
than any other known form of Broad-wing, being smaller than platypterus, larger
than insulicola or rivierei. Wing, (adult female) 264.5; tail, 159 mm.
The unique type needs comparison with the Cuban form, a matter which
the describer was unable to effectuate.
2 It is quite possible that the single immature Broad-wing secured near San-
tiago, Dominican Republic, Island of Hispaniola (as recorded by Wetmore and
Swales, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 155, p. 113, 1931) might be referable to B. p.
brunnescens.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 117
*Buteo platypterus insulicola Riley. 1 ANTIGUAN BROAD-WINGED
HAWK.
Buteo platypterus insulicola Riley, Auk, 25, p. 273, July, 1908 Antigua
(type in U. S. National Museum); Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, pp. 159, 169,
196, 1911 Antigua (chars.; synon.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 50,
1919 Antigua; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 405, 1928 Antigua;
Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 Antigua; Danforth, Auk, 51, p. 357,
1934 Antigua.
Buteo pennsylvanicus (not Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson) Lawrence, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1, p. 236, 1878 Antigua.
Buteo latissimus (not Falco latissimus Bonaparte) Cory, Auk, 8, p. 47, 1891
Antigua (crit.); idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, Antigua.
Buteo platypterus (not Sparvius platypterus Vieillot) Riley, Smiths. Misc.
Coll., 47, p. 282, 1904 Antigua (crit.).
Range. Island of Antigua, Lesser Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 11: Lesser Antilles (Antigua, 11).
*Buteo platypterus rivierei A. H. Verrill. 2 DOMINICAN BROAD-
WINGED HAWK.
Buteo (latissimus) rivierei A. H. Verrill, Descriptions of three new species of
birds from Dominica, B.W.I., unpaged pamphlet, no date=Oct. 24, 1905
Dominica (cotypes in coll. of L. B. Bishop now in Field Museum of Natural
History; cf. Burns, Wilson Bull., n.s., 18, p. 158, 1911).
Buteo pennsylvanicus (not Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson) Lawrence, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1, p. 65, 1878 Dominica; Allen, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 5,
p. 169, 1880 Santa Lucia; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 326
Dominica; idem, I.e., p. 395 Santa Lucia.
Buteo latissimus (not Falco latissimus Bonaparte) Cory, Auk, 4, p. 96, 1887
Martinique; idem, Cat. W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, Dominica,
1 Buteo platypterus insulicola Riley: About the same size as the other Lesser
Antillean races, but quite dissimilar in coloration, being much closer to typical
platypterus, though the lighter brown dorsal surface and the much paler, dull
rufescent tone of the brown markings underneath serve to distinguish it. Wing,
237, (female) 255; tail, 135, (female) 145.
Two additional adults from Antigua in the British Museum examined.
2 Buteo platypterus rivierei A. H. Verrill is very doubtfully separable from
B. p. antillarum. An adult from Santa Lucia is indistinguishable from the most
rufous colored individual of antillarum as described below. Two others, an adult
male from Dominica and another from Santa Lucia, however, are not nearly so
rufous on chest and sides of head and more nearly resemble certain individuals
of platypterus though they are smaller and have still more rufous suffusion on chest,
sides of head and crown. Wing, 240-253, (female) 260; tail, 145-150, (female)
160-168.
Additional material examined. Dominica, 2; Santa Lucia, 2. C.E.H.
Eight adults from Dominica (the type series) are much darker and more rufous
below than the specimens of insulicola and antillarum in the Museum's collection.
B.C.
118 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Martinique and Santa Lucia; G. E. Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., 8,
p. 325, 1892 Bass-en-ville, Dominica.
Buteo rivieri A. H. Verrill, Addition(s) to the Avifauna of Dominica, unpaged
pamphlet, no date=Oct. 24, 1905 Dominica.
Buteo platypterus rivierei Riley, Auk, 25, p. 272, 1908 Dominica (crit.);
Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, pp. 158, 168, 196, 1911 Dominica (char.;
synon.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 50, 1919 Dominica (chars.); Peters,
Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 Dominica to Santa Lucia; Danforth, Monog.
Univ. Puerto Rico, Ser. B., No. 3, p. 23, 1935 Santa Lucia.
Buteo platypterus antillarum (not of Clark) Riley, Auk, 25, p. 271, 1908
part, Martinique and Santa Lucia; Burns, Wilson Bull., 23, pp. 157, 168,
196, 1911 part, Martinique and Santa Lucia; Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 82,
1922 part, Santa Lucia and Dominica; idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1,
p. 405, 1928 part, Santa Lucia and Dominica; Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 80, p. 527, 1928 part, Santa Lucia.
Range. Islands of Dominica, Martinique, and Santa Lucia,
Lesser Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 18: Lesser Antilles (Dominica, 16; 1
Martinique, 1; Santa Lucia, 1).
*Buteo platypterus antillarum Clark. 2 ANTILLEAN BROAD-
WINGED HAWK.
Buteo antillarum Clark, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18, p. 62, Feb. 21, 1905
Chateau Belair, St. Vincent (type in coll. of E. A. and O. Bangs, now in
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 70, p. 189, 1930); idem, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 32,
p. 241, 1905 St. Vincent.
Buteo pennsylvanicus (not Falco pennsylvanicus Wilson) Lawrence, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1, p. 194, 1878 St. Vincent; idem, I.e., 1, pp. 273, 278, 1879
Grenada and Grenadines; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 43 St. Vincent; Wells,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 622, 1887 Grenada (nest and eggs descr.).
Buteo latissimus (not Falco latissimus Bonaparte) Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 473
St. Vincent; Feilden, Ibis, 1889, p. 489 Barbados (extinct); Cory, Cat.
1 A series of thirteen cotypes used by Verrill in describing this race is now
in the Bishop Collection in Field Museum. A male bearing the Field Museum
number 124175 (Bishop number 12006), taken on Dominica on October 14,
1904, may be considered the lectotype.
2 Buteo platypterus antillarum Clark: Differs fromB. p. platypterus by decidedly
smaller size and more rufous general coloration; brighter rufous edges to the
feathers of the dorsal plumage, especially about the hindneck and upper back;
brighter markings underneath; deeper ochraceous-buff tibial feathers, more densely
barred with brighter rufous. Wing, 245-250, (female) 265-275; tail, 145-160.
Some specimens are remarkable for their rufous coloring. The edges to the
feathers of the pileum, upper back, scapulars and wing coverts are bright tawny;
the sides of head and neck are even deeper, between tawny and russet; the markings
on lower breast and belly are very nearly russet, etc. Such individuals look very
different from platypterus, but other specimens are not nearly so extremely colored.
Additional material examined. St. Vincent, 5; Grenada, 2.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 119
W. Ind. Bds., p. 99, 1892 part, St. Vincent, Grenadines (Bequia, "Cano-
nan," Carriacou), and Barbados; idem, Auk, 10, p. 220, 1893 Tobago.
Buteo platypterus antillarum Riley, Auk, 25, p. 271, 1908 part, St. Vincent,
Grenadines, Tobago and Grenada; Burns, Wilson Bull., n.s., 18, pp. 157,
168, 196, 1911 part, Barbados, St. Vincent, Grenadines (Bequia, Musti-
que, Cannuan, Carriacou), Tobago and Grenada (chars.; synon.); Swann,
Syn. List Accip., p. 50, 1919 part, St. Vincent and Grenada (chars.);
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 82, 1922 part, St. Vincent and Grenada; idem,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 405, 1928 part, St. Vincent and Grenada;
Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 527, 1928 part, St. Vincent;
Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 St. Vincent, Grenadines, and Grenada.
Range. Islands of St. Vincent, the larger Grenadines, Grenada
and Tobago; 1 formerly also Barbados, Lesser Antilles.
Field Museum Collection. 12: Lesser Antilles (St. Vincent, 5;
Grenada, 4; Tobago, 3).
*Buteo magnirostris griseocauda (Ridgway). MEXICAN LARGE-
BILLED HAWK.
[Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris} var. griseocauda Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc.
N. H., 16, pp. 87, 88, Dec., 1873 "Mexico, from the Atlantic to the
Pacific . . ." (cotypes, from Rio Seco and Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, in coll.
of the Boston Society of Natural History, now in Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.; cf. Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 70,
p. 190, 1930).
Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Sclater, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 24, p. 285, 1856 near C6rdoba, Vera Cruz; idem, I.e., 27,
p. 368, 1859 vicinity of Jalapa; idem, I.e., 1864, p. 178 vicinity of
Mexico City.
Asturina ruficauda Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 133
part, Mexico (Cordoba, Jalapa, Mexico City); iidem, Exot. Orn., p. 175,
1869 part, southern Mexico; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 205,
1874 part, southern Mexico; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p.
426 Acapulco, Guerrero.
Rupornis magnirostris var. griseocauda Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4,
p. 39, 1874 Chihuitan, Almoloya (near Barrio), and Santa Efigenia,
Oaxaca.
1 A single adult bird from Tobago I am unable to refer to any described race.
Compared to antillarum, it is about the same size, but differs markedly in colora-
tion. On hindneck and sides of neck there are just slight traces of cinnamomeous
edgings while the foreneck and chest are much duller and more grayish (about
light drab or wood brown). Wing, 260; tail, 160.
This form was recorded by Cory (Auk, 10, p. 220, 1893) under the name
latissimus. Specimens from Tobago were also discussed under the name Buteo
platypterus antillarum by Riley (Auk, 25, p. 272, 1908) and Burns (Wilson Bull.,
n.s., 18, p. 197, 1911). C.E.H.
The three specimens from Tobago in Field Museum resemble the St. Vincent
birds. B.C.
120 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Asturina magnirostris var. griseocauda Sumichrast, La Naturaleza, 5, p. 236,
1881 Tehuantepec, Oaxaca.
Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9,
p. 167, 1886 Jalapa, Vera Cruz; Richmond, I.e., 18, p. 628, 1896 Alta
Mira, Tamaulipas; Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 67, p.
473, 1927 Presidio, Vera Cruz; Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Eng.
Zool. Cl., 11, p. 44, 1929 southern Mexico (crit.).
Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76,
1900 part, Tamaulipas (Aldama, Tampico, Alta Mira), Colima (Taco-
lapa), Vera Cruz (Colipa, Vega del Casadero, Alvarado, Coatepec, Hua-
tusco, Hacienda Tortugas, Plan del Rio, Rio Rancho Nuevo, Santana,
San Lorenzo, Cordoba, Jalapa), Mexico (City of Mexico), Guerrero
(Acapulco), Oaxaca (Chihuitan, Almoloya, Santa Efigenia), Chiapas
(Tuxtla, Tonala), and Tabasco (Teapa).
Rupornis griseicauda Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Alta Mira, Caballeros,
Rio Cruz, and Santa Leonor, Tamaulipas.
Rupornis magnirostris griseicauda Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part,
Mexico; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 92, 1922 part, Mexico; idem, Monog.
Bds. Prey, 1, p. 440, 1930 part, Mexico.
Buteo magnirostris griseocauda Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 236, 1931 (range);
Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75, p. 373, 1934 Coyuca, Guerrero;
Sutton and Pettingill, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 16,
p. 276, 1943 Linares, Nuevo Leon.
Buteo magnirostris xantusi van Rossem, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (11), 4, p. 440,
Oct., 1939 Rio Armenia, Colima, Mexico (type, an immature, in U. S.
National Museum).
Buteo magnirostris petersi Brodkorb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ. Mich.,
425, p. 2, Nov. 30, 1940 above Arriaga, Chiapas, Mexico, altitude
100 meters (type in Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan).
Range. Eastern and southern Mexico from Nuevo Leon,
Tamaulipas and Colima south to Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Chiapas. 1
Field Museum Collection. 8: Mexico (Tampico, Tamaulipas, 5;
Altamira, Tamaulipas, 1; La Mesa, Tamaulipas, 1; State of Vera
Cruz, 1).
1 Birds from Tabasco (Teapa) and Chiapas (Tonala, Tuxtla) are exactly like
topotypical Oaxaca specimens. All of the adult specimens of this form indeed
have the light-colored tail-bands grayish brown without trace of rufous, though
the three outer tail feathers always show, at the base of the outer webs, a varying
amount of bright coloring that ranges in tone from buff to tawny. One male
from Jalapa has so much tawny that it cannot be distinguished from certain
Guatemalan specimens (e.g. Savannah Grande), while one from Plan del Rio
with even more rufous on the lateral rectrices is matched by one from Escuintla.
Additional material examined. Guerrero: Acapulco, 1. Colima: Tacolapa,
1. Tamaulipas: Tampico, 6. Vera Cruz: Jalapa, 1; Plan del Rio, Jalapa, 2;
Colipa, 1; Vega del Casadero, 1; Alvarado, 1. Oaxaca: Tehuantepec, 5. Tabasco:
Teapa, 2. Chiapas: Tonala, 3; Tuxtla, 1.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 121
*Buteo magnirostris conspectus (Peters). 1 YUCATAN LARGE-
BILLED HAWK.
Rupornis magnirostris conspecta Peters, Auk, 30, No. 3, p. 370, July 3, 1913
San Ignacio, Yucatan (type in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam-
bridge, Mass.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 56, 1919 Yucatan (chars.);
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 92, 1922 Yucatan Peninsula (except southern Cam-
peche) and British Honduras (chars.); Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235,
p. 12, 1926 eastern Quintana Roo; Peters and Griscom, Proc. New
Eng. Zool. Cl., 11, p. 45, 1929 (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p.
440, 1930 (monog.).
Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Lawrence, Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 207, 1869 Me>ida, Yucatan.
Asturina ruficauda (not of Sclater and Salvin) Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1883, p. 456 Yucatan; Salvin, Ibis, 1889, p. 374 part, Meco Island;
Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1890, p. 204 south of Izamal, Yucatan.
Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76,
1900 part, northern Campeche, Yucatan (Peto, Chabl6, Tabi, Merida,
Izamal, Meco Island), and British Honduras (Orange Walk).
Rupornis ruficauda griseicauda (not of Ridgway) Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp.
Zool., 50, p. 121, 1906 San Ignacio, Yucatan.
Buteo magnirostris conspectus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 (range);
Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 203, 1941 Chichen
Itza, Yucatan.
Range. Yucatan Peninsula (including Meco Island but not
southern Campeche) and northern British Honduras.
Field Museum Collection. 14: Mexico, Yucatan (San Felipe, 1;
Rio Lagartos, 1; Chable, 1; Chichen Itza, 7; unspecified, 2); British
Honduras (22 mile station, Stann Creek Railroad, 1; Middlesex, 1).
*Buteo magnirostris gracilis (Ridgway). 2 COZUMEL LARGE-
BILLED HAWK.
Rupornis gracilis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 94, May 20, 1885
Cozumel Island (type in U. S. National Museum).
1 Buteo magnirostris conspectus (Peters) : Very close to, and agreeing in colora-
tion of tail with B. m. griseocauda, but distinguished by slightly smaller size and
decidedly paler, more grayish upper parts. The breast, as a rule, is paler, more
grayish, and less variegated with buffy, while the barring on the belly is of a lighter
rufescent. The single adult from Meco Island is quite typical, being very clear
mouse gray above, like a male from Chable", and even paler on the chest. An
adult female from northern Yucatan and an adult male from Orange Walk, Belize,
closely approach griseocauda in hair brown coloring of upper parts, foreneck, and
chest. Wing, 215-227 mm.
Additional material examined. Yucatan: Tabi, 1; Chable", 1; Peto, 2; northern
Yucatan, 3; Meco Island, 2. British Honduras: Orange Walk, Belize, 1.
z Buteo magnirostris gracilis (Ridgway) : Nearest to B. m. conspectus, but upper
parts darker and browner, and distinguished from both conspectus and griseo-
cauda by lacking the solid grayish brown prepectoral area, the feathers of this region
122 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Rupornis magnirostris gradlis Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 578,
Oct. 19, 1885 Cozumel (full descr.); Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 56,
1919 Cozumel (chars.) ; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 93, 1922 Cozumel (chars.);
Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 236, p. 8, 1926 Cozumel; Peters and Gris-
com, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 11, p. 45, 1929 (crit.); Swann, Monog.
Bds. Prey, 1, p. 440, 1930 Cozumel (monog.).
Asturina ruficauda (not of Sclater and Salvin) Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 193
Cozumel; idem, I.e., 1889, p. 374 part, Cozumel and Holbox Islands.
Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76,
1900 part, Cozumel and Holbox Islands.
Buieo magnirostris gradlis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 (range).
Range. Cozumel and Holbox Islands, off Yucatan.
Field Museum Collection. 1 : Mexico (Cozumel Island off Yuca-
tan, 1).
*Buteo magnirostris sinus-honduri Bond. 1 BONACCA LARGE-
BILLED HAWK.
Buteo magnirostris sinus-honduri Bond, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 88,
p. 355, Aug. 14, 1936 Bonacca Island, Spanish Honduras (type in the
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia).
Asturina ruficauda (not of Sclater and Salvin) Salvin, Ibis, 1889, p. 374
part, islands of Bonacca and Ruatan.
Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76,
1900 part, islands of Bonacca and Ruatan.
Range. Islands of Bonacca and Ruatan, off Honduras.
Field Museum Collection. 1: Honduras (Ruatan, Bay Islands, 1).
having a broad central stripe of dark brown broadly margined with white or buff
on either side. This pattern produces a streaked appearance recalling the juvenile
plumage of the allied races. The tail-bands in this race are constantly pure grayish
brown; only the outer web of the lateral rectrices is buff to tawny at the extreme
base. A single adult collected by Gaumer in December 1885, on Holbox Island,
with a wing of 218 mm., cannot be distinguished from Cozumel birds, for it is
equally dark brown above, and the breast is streaked with dusky and buff. Wing,
200-222, one female, 230 mm.
Fifteen specimens from Cozumel and one from Holbox examined.
1 Buteo magnirostris sinus-honduri Bond: Similar to B. m. gradlis, but buffy
base to lateral rectrices more restricted, sometimes even altogether wanting;
upper parts much darker brown, very nearly bister; the breast again predomi-
nantly dark brown (deep hair brown), forming a conspicuous solid dusky area re-
lieved by comparatively few buffy markings; barring of breast broader and darker
on a deeper buff ground; tibial feathers very dark, approaching ochraceous-
tawny, and strongly barred. Only one specimen resembles gradlis in streaked
prepectoral area, though the central stripes are very much darker brown. Ruatan
birds are exactly like those from Bonacca. Wing measurements: Ruatan: 218,
220, 220, 228, 235. Bonacca: 220, 230, 240.
Five adults from Ruatan and three from Bonacca in the British Museum
examined.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 123
*Buteo magnirostris direptor (Peters and Griscom). 1 GUATE-
MALAN LARGE-BILLED HAWK.
Rupornis magnirostris direptor Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Eng. Zool.
CL, 11, p. 46, Aug. 30, 1929 Finca El Cipres, near Mazatenango, Guate-
mala (type in the American Museum of Natural History, New York);
Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 156, 1932 Guatemala (Puebla;
Hacienda Carolina; Hacienda California; Finca El Cipres; Virginia Planta-
tion, near Puerto Barrios; Ocos).
Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Sclater and Salvin,
Ibis, 1859, p. 217 Guatemala.
Asturina ruficauda Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1869, p. 133
part, Guatemala; iidem, Exot. Orn., p. 175, pi. 88, left fig., 1869 part,
Guatemala (Zacapa, Pacific coast region, Rio Polochic, Choctum, Pete'n).
Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76,
1900 Guatemala (Santa Toribio, Pete'n; Teleman, Polochic Valley;
Chimalapa, Motagua; Savanna Grande; Escuintla road from San Antonio
to Paramos; Sierra de las Minas) and Salvador (La Libertad).
Rupornis ruficauda griseocauda (not of Ridgway) Dearborn, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 82, 1907 Los Amates and San Jose", Guatemala.
Rupornis magnirostris griseicauda Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part,
Guatemala; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 92, 1922 part, Guatemala; idem,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 440, 1930 part, Guatemala.
Buteo magnirostris direptor Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 Guatemala
to Salvador and southwestern British Honduras; Van Tyne, Misc. Publ.,
Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 16, 1935 Chuntuquf, Pacam6n, and Flores,
Pet6n, Guatemala; Carriker and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 87, p. 415, 1935 Quirigua, Guatemala; Traylor, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Zool. Ser., 24, p. 203, 1941 Pacaitun, Campeche, Mexico.
Range. Southern Campeche 2 south through Guatemala to El
Salvador and east to southwestern British Honduras.
1 Buteo magnirostris direptor (Peters and Griscom) is just separable from
griseocauda by having the base of the outer web of the three lateral rectrices more
extensively as well as more deeply tawny, and at least traces of tawny in the gray
transverse bands of the other rectrices. The most rufous "extreme" is a Teleman
bird with the rufous predominating over the gray in the light interspaces, while
the most grayish tail is possessed by an adult male from Savanna Grande, which
has no trace of reddish whatever in the gray bands, and no more buffy-ochraceous
on the lateral rectrices than certain individuals from Jalapa. The other specimens
are intermediate between these stages. Two adults from Salvador agree well
with the Guatemalan average. The Teleman bird has the bars on the abdomen
much brighter rufous than the other Guatemalan skins, but is closely matched
by one from Alvarado, Vera Cruz.
Additional adults examined. Guatemala: Santo Toribio, Pete'n, 1; Chimalapa,
1; Teleman, Polochic River, 1; Savanna Grande, 2; Escuintla, 1; Sierra de las
Minas, 1. El Salvador: La Libertad, 2. C.E.H.
2 Six specimens from Campeche appear to agree more closely with Guatemalan
birds than with those from Yucatan or northern Mexico. Their upper parts are
darker than examples of conspectus and the lateral rectrices are more rufous than
in griseocauda. B.C.
124 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Field Museum Collection. 24: Mexico (Pacaitun, Campeche, 6);
Guatemala (San Jose", Escuintla, 1; Conception del Mar, Escuintla,
1; Tiquisate, Escuintla, 1; Los Amates, Izabal, 3; Bobos, Izabal, 5);
El Salvador (Laguna Olomega, San Miguel, 3; Hacienda Zapotitan,
La Libertad, 2; San Sebastian, La Paz, 2).
*Buteo magnirostris argutus (Peters and Griscom). 1 NICARAGUAN
LARGE-BILLED HAWK.
Rupornis magnirostris arguta Peters arid Griscom, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl.,
11, p. 46, Aug. 30, 1929 Almirante, northwestern Panama (type in
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Peters, Bull.
Mus. Comp. Zool., 69, p. 417, 1929 Tela, Honduras; idem, I.e., 71,
p. 311, 1931 Almirante, Western River, Changuinola, Shepherd Island,
and Cricamola, Panama; Huber, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 84, p. 212,
1932 Prinzapolka, Nicaragua; Stone, I.e., p. 299, 1932 Cantarranas,
Tela, and Puerto Castilla, Honduras.
Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Moore, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 27, p. 52, 1839 Omoa, Honduras; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 225
east of Comayagua, Honduras; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y.,
9, p. 134, 1868 Juan, San Jose, and Turrialba, Costa Rica; Frantzius,
Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869 highlands of Costa Rica.
Asturina ruficauda Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 317 Costa Rica; Sclater and Salvin,
Exot. Orn., p. 175, 1869 part, Costa Rica; iidem, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1870, p. 838 San Pedro, Honduras.
Rupornis ruficauda Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 5, p. 403, 1883 La
Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., 6, p. 377, 1883 San Juan del
Sur, Pacific Nicaragua; idem, I.e., 6, pp. 388, 395, 1884 Sucuya and
Island of Ometepe, Nicaragua; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1,
p. 126, 1887 Liberia, San Mateo, and La Palma de San Jos6, Costa Rica;
Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, pp. 583, 593, 1887 Trujillo and
Segovia River, Honduras; Cherrie, Auk, 9, p. 328, 1892 San JosS (rare)
and down to the Pacific coast, Costa Rica; Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 16, p. 521, 1893 Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; Salvin and Godman,
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76, 1900 part, Honduras (Omoa, San
l Buteo magnirostris argutus (Peters and Griscom) is a very poor race, hardly
deserving recognition. It agrees with Guatemalan birds in tail markings (light
bands grayish brown, outwardly and along edges washed with tawny; lateral
rectrices extensively tinged with rufous on basal portion), but the upper parts
perhaps slightly paler, with a grayish cast; the pileum sometimes decidedly
grayish and somewhat contrasting with the more brownish back; breast possibly
less flammulated with buffy or cinnamon. It may be termed a pretty variable
intergrade to the more grayish-backed form with wholly tawny tail-bands of
southwestern Costa Rica and eastern Panama. Two birds from San Pedro,
Honduras, and one from near Puerto Limon, Costa Rica, have purely gray brown
tail-bands and are barely distinguishable from the Savanna Grande specimen
mentioned under B. m. direptor.
Additional material examined. Honduras: San Pedro, 2. Nicaragua: Chinan-
dega, 3; Rio Escondido, 2. Costa Rica: Irazu, 1; Bebedero, Guanacaste, 10;
twenty-eight miles from Puerto Lim6n, 1.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 125
Pedro, Truxillo, Segovia River), Nicaragua, and Costa Rica; Carriker,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 459, 1910 Costa Rica (part, excl. of T6rraba
Valley localities); Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 12, No. 8, p. 9, 1919 Sipurio
(Talamanca), Costa Rica, and Zapatera, Nicaragua.
Rupornis magnirostris ruficauda Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 56, 1919 part,
Nicaragua and Costa Rica; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 93, 1922 (in part);
Kennard and Peters, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. f 38, p. 449, 1928 Almirante
and Chiriquicito, Panama; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 440, 1930
Nicaragua.
Buteo magnirostris argutus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 237, 1931 (range); Griscom,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 Caribbean slope of western
Panama.
Range. Central America from Honduras south on the Caribbean
slope to the Chiriqui lagoon region of Panama, and on the Pacific
slope to northwestern Costa Rica (Guanacaste).
Field Museum Collection. 5: Honduras (San Jose*, Santa Barbara,
1; Monte Redondo, Tegucigalpa, 1; Las Flores, Tegucigalpa, 1);
Nicaragua (San Geronimo, Chinandega, 1; San Emilio, Lake Nica-
ragua, Rivas, 1).
*Buteo magnirostris petulans van Rossem. 1 PANAMA LARGE-
BILLED HAWK.
Asturina ruficauda (not Accipiter ruficaudus Vieillot, 1807) 2 Sclater and Salvin,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 133 part, Veraguas, David (Chiriqui),
and Panama (orig. descr.; type, from Lion Hill, Panama Railroad, in
British Museum, examined); 3 iidem, Exot. Orn., p. 175, pi. 90 (right
fig.), Apr. 1869 part, Veragua and Panama; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1870, p. 215 CaloveVora, Veragua, and Bugaba, Chiriqui; Sharpe,
Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 205, 1874 part, spec, a, Chiriqui.
1 Buteo magnirostris petulans van Rossem may be recognized from the related
races by having the tail-bands wholly tawny (only sometimes slightly tinged with
grayish towards the edges). Compared to B. m. argutus, the upper parts are
lighter, more grayish, and the chest is more uniformly brownish gray. Birds
from southwestern Costa Rica (Te>raba Valley and Golfo Dulce) are quite identical
with others from Panama.
Additional material examined. Costa Rica: Rio Tigre, near Puerto Jimenez,
Golfo Dulce, 1; Boruca, 2. Panama: El Banco, Chiriqui, 1; Bugaba, Chiriquf,
1; Chiriquf, 1; Caloveyora, Veraguas, 2; Paraiso Station, Panama Railroad, 2;
Lion Hill, Panama Railroad, 1.
2 A synonym of Buteo jamaicensis borealis (Gmelin).
1 The description fits the red-tailed form. In Exot. Orn., p. 176, 1869, it is
expressly stated that the rufous tail-bands are particularly bright in examples
from Panama, whence the authors had received a considerable series from Messrs.
"McCleannan" and Hughes, and that the principal figure was taken from one
of the Panama specimens. We may, therefore, admit that the McLeannan speci-
men from Lion Hill is correctly labeled as "the type, figured Exot. Orn., pi. 90."
126 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Buteo magnirostris petulans van Rossem, Condor, 37, p. 215, July, 1935
new name for Asturina ruficauda Sclater and Salvin, preoccupied; Sassi,
Temminckia, Leiden, 3, p. 298, 1938 (disc.).
Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Lawrence, Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 316, 1861 Isthmus of Panama; idem, I.e., 8,
p. 179, 1865 David, Chiriquf; Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867,
p. 158 David.
Rupornis ruficauda Cherrie, Anal. Inst. Fis.-Geog. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 4,
p. 146, 1893 Boruca and Buenos Aires, Costa Rica; Salvin and Godman,
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76, 1900 part, Panama (David, Chiriquf,
Bugaba, Calovevora, Lion Hill, Paraiso Station); Bangs, Auk, 18, p. 358,
1901 Divala, Chiriqui; idem, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 3, p. 20, 1902
Boquete, Chiriqui; Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p.
214, 1906 savanna of Panama; Bangs, Auk, 24, p. 290, 1907 Boruca
and El Pozo de Terraba, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6,
p. 459, 1910 Costa Rica (part, El General de Terraba, Pozo Azul, El
Pozo, and Buenos Aires de Terraba); Hallinan, Auk, 41, p. 311, 1924
Culebra-Arraijan Trail, Panama.
Rupornis magnirostris ruficauda Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p.
249, 1918 Trinidad River, south of Gatun, Panama; Swann, Syn. List
Accip., p. 56, 1919 part, Panama; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 93, 1921 part,
Panama; Bangs and Barbour, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 65, p. 194, 1922
Jesusito, Darien; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 441, 1930 part,
Panama; Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Engl. Zool. CL, 11, p. 47, 1929
Costa Rica and Panama (crit.).
Buteo magnirostris ruficauda(us) Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 238, 1931 (range);
Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 Pacific slope of
Panama; Aldrich, Sci. Pub. Cleveland Mus. N. H., 7, p. 43, 1937
ParacotS, Azuero Peninsula, Panama.
Range. Southwestern Costa Rica, from the Te'rraba Valley
southward along the Pacific side of Panama to the Rio Tuyra.
Field Museum Collection. 4: Costa Rica (Buenos Aires, Punt-
arenas, 2); Panama (Boqueron, Chiriqui, 1; Iguana Island, Los
Santos, 1).
Buteo magnirostris alius (Peters and Griscom). 1 PEARL ISLAND
HAWK.
Rupornis magnirostris alia Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL,
11, p. 48, Aug. 30, 1929 San Miguel, El Rey, Pearl Islands (type in
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.).
1 Buteo magnirostris alius (Peters and Griscom) ; Similar to B. m. petulans but
slightly smaller, and rufous of wings and tail decidedly paler; feathers of chest
with two incomplete whitish bars, producing a spotted appearance; barring of
abdomen coarser; longest under wing coverts nearly immaculate. Wing, 207,
(female) 219-226.
A single specimen from the Pearl Islands agrees exactly with the original
description except that the wings and tail are not paler than in petulans.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 127
Asturina ruficauda (not of Sclater and Salvin) Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus.,
1, p. 205, 1874 part, spec, b, Pearl Islands.
Rupornis ruficauda Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 76,
1900 part, Pearl Islands; Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
46, p. 144, 1905 San Miguel Island; Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4,
p. 20, 1920 San Jos6 Island.
Buteo magnirostris alius Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 38, 1931 (range); Griscom,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 78, p. 299, 1935 Pearl Islands; Murphy, Auk,
62, p. 116, 1945 San Miguel, Pearl Islands, Panama.
Range. Islands of San Miguel and San Jose*, Pearl Archipelago,
Bay of Panama.
*Buteo magnirostris insidiatrix (Bangs and Penard). 1 SANTA
MARTA LARGE-BILLED HAWK.
Rupornis magnirostris insidiatrix Bangs and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
62, p. 36, April, 1918 Santa Marta Mountains, Colombia (type in
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Todd and Carriker,
Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 154, 1922 Bonda, Mamatoco, Don Diego,
Punto Caiman, Tierra Nueva, Minca, Fundacion, and Dibulla, Colombia
(crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 92, 1922 Colombia and Venezuela
(Merida); Peters and Griscom, Proc. New Eng. Zool. Cl., 11, p. 48, 1929
Santa Marta to extreme eastern Panama (crit.); Swann, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 439, 1930 Colombia and Venezuela (monog.); Darlington,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71, p. 367, 1931 Rio Frio, Magdalena,
Colombia.
Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Cassin, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 132 Turbo, Colombia; Sclater and Salvin,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 169 Venezuela (spec, examined); iidem,
I.e., 1869, p. 131 part, Venezuela; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 382 La Cruz,
1 Buteo magnirostris insidiatrix (Bangs and Penard): About as pale above as
B. m. petulans, though even slightly clearer gray; but easily distinguished by
pure grayish tail-bands without any tawny; clearer gray chest with very little,
if any of the buffy markings so numerous and conspicuous in petulans; white
instead of strongly buffy ground color of the posterior lower parts with the cross-
bands not ochraceous-tawny, but mainly dark gray shaded with dull tawny;
buffy white instead of deep buffy tibial feathers, with narrower, rufescent dusky
rather than ochraceous-tawny bars. From typical magnirostris, the present form
may be separated by lighter gray upper parts and throat, and also by generally
narrower, less rufescent barring underneath.
The racial characters of insidiatrix are well shown by the only two available
specimens from the type locality. MSrida birds are not quite so clear a gray
above though one or two run pretty close but others are only with difficulty
separable from Guianan skins. A single example obtained presumably in the
Caracas region by Anton Goering resembles the M6rida average. Birds from
northwestern Venezuela, as a whole, appear to be intermediate between insidiatrix
and magnirostris, and in the absence of an adequate series from Santa Marta we
provisionally follow Peters in referring them to the first-named race.
Additional material examined. Colombia: Santa Marta, 2; Los Monos, near
Bucaramanga, 1. Venezuela: Caracas, 2; Limones, M6rida, 1; La Azulita, MeYida,
1; Valle, Merida, 10; unspecified, 1.
128 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
south of Ocana, Colombia; Salvin and Godman, Ibis, 1880, p. 176
Santa Marta and Minca, Colombia; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 32, p. 316,
1884 Los Monos, near Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Rupornis magnirostris Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 12, p. 132, 1898 Santa
Marta; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 129, 1900 Bonda, Colombia;
Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 168, 1901 La
Guaira and San Julian, Venezuela.
Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris Swann, Auk, 38, p. 362, 1921 Valle,
Culata, and Escorial, Merida, Venezuela (crit.).
Buteo magnirostris insidiatrix Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 238, 1931 (range);
Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 314, 1932 Perme, extreme
eastern Darien; idem, I.e., 78, p. 299, 1935 Perme and Obaldia, Darien;
de Schauensee, Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 156, p. 1, 1945 (range).
Buteo magnirostris magnirostris Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 87, p. 185,
1939 part, Venezuela (Valle, Merida; Maracay).
Range. Caribbean slope of extreme eastern Darien (Perme",
Obaldia) and east through northern Colombia (Magdalena; Santa
Marta region; La Cruz and Los Monos, Santander) to northwestern
Venezuela (Merida to Caracas).
Field Museum Collection. 12: Colombia (Baranova, Atlantico, 1;
Cucuta, Santander, 1); Venezuela (Colon, Tachira, 1; Paramo de
Tambor, Tachira, 1; El Valle, Merida, 2; Orope, Zulia, 2; Rio Aurare,
Zulia, 1; Encontrados, Zulia, 2; Maracay, Aragua, 1).
*Buteo magnirostris ecuadoriensis (Swann). 1 ECUADORIAN
LARGE-BILLED HAWK.
Rupornis magnirostris ecuadoriensis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 91, Jan., 1922
"Vaqueroi"=Vaqueria, Prov. Esmeraldas, northwestern Ecuador (type
in coll. of H. Kirke Swann, now in Museum of Comparative Zoology,
Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 438, 1930 north-
western Ecuador (monog.).
1 Buteo magnirostris ecuadoriensis (Swann) : Very similar to B. m. magni-
rostris, but upper parts lighter, more grayish, and the grayish tail-bands more or
less suffused at least with traces of tawny.
Chapman has discussed at length the variation exhibited by birds from
Colombia west of the eastern Andes, but from the limited material examined it
seems to us that the two races (magnirostris and "ruficauda") which he maintains,
narrow down to a single excessively variable form, connecting the tawny-tailed
petulans with insidiatrix and magnirostris. Three topotypes of ecuadoriensis from
Vaqueria in the Vienna Museum are, indeed, very close to magnirostris, though
differing by lighter grayish dorsal surface and the presence of dull tawny edges
to the gray tail-bands. A bird from Atuncela, western Andes of Colombia, is
quite similar. Two adults from Concordia and two from Retire have just slight
traces of tawny in the tail. The male from Concordia is very nearly as clear gray
above as some insidiatrix from M6rida, and in the broad, decidedly rufescent
barring underneath it can be matched by a male from Valle, Me>ida. The three
others, however, are unquestionably more broadly barred with darker rufous
than the series from Santa Marta and Merida, more like typical magnirostris,
of Guiana. While we have not seen any Magdalena Valley birds, which
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 129
Asturina magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Sclater, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 27, p. 147, 1859 Pallatanga, Ecuador; idem, I.e., 28, p. 288,
1860 Babahoyo, Ecuador; idem and Salvin, I.e., 1879, p. 540 Retiro,
Concordia, Santa Elena, Medellin, and Remedies, Colombia (nest and
eggs descr.); Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5, p. 502, 1898 Chimbo, Ecuador;
Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 221 Popayan, Colombia.
Rupornis magnirostris Robinson, Flying Trip to Tropics, p. 154, 1895
Guaduas, Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 304
Honda and Ibagiie, Colombia; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 30, 1900 part, Vinces, western Ecuador; Piguet,
Mem. Soc. Neuch. Sci. Nat., 5, p. 806, 1914 Angelopolis and Medellin,
Colombia; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, (2), 4, p. 234, 1932
Rio San Jose 1 , Ecuador.
Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36,
p. 243, 1917 part, Atrato River, Dabeiba, Barbacoas, Puerto Valdivia,
Santa Elena, Barro Blanco, (?)La Palma, (?)Chicoral, and (?)west of
Honda, Colombia; idem, I.e., 55, p. 231, 1926 part, western Ecuador
(Bucay, Pato de Pajaro, Punta Santa Ana, Alamor, Naranjo, Daule,
Santa Rosa).
Rupornis magnirostris ruficauda (not Asturina ruficauda Sclater and Salvin)
Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 244, 1917 Noanama, Las
Lomitas, Cali, Guengtie, Popayan, La Manuelita, Miraflores, Rio Frio,
and Salento, Colombia.
Buteo magnirostris ecuadoriensis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 238, 1931 (range);
de Schauensee, Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 156, p. 2, 1945 (range;
disc.).
Range. Western Colombia (western and central Andes) and
western Ecuador.
Field Museum Collection. 12: Colombia (San Antonio, Valle de
Cauca, 1; Timba, Valle de Cauca, 1; El Tambo, Munchique, Cauca,
7); Ecuador (Montes de Achotal, Esmeraldas, 1; San Mateo, Es-
meraldas, 1; Puente de Chimbo, Guayas, 1).
*Buteo magnirostris magnirostris (Gmelin). LARGE-BILLED
HAWK.
Falco magnirostris Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1, (1), p. 282, 1788 based on "Epervier
a gros bee, de Cayenne" Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 464, Cayenne.
Falco insectiwrus Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 17, pi. 8a, 1824 "in sylvis
provinciae Rio de Janeiro et Parae"=Para, Brazil (type in Munich Mu-
may turn out to be insidiatrix, we are inclined to maintain those from the central
and western Andes of Colombia together with the inhabitants of western Ecuador
as constituting a slightly differentiated form, for which Swann's term ecuadoriensis
is available.
Additional material examined. Colombia: Concordia, western Andes, 2;
Atuncela, western Andes, 1; Retiro, central Andes, 2. Western Ecuador: Vaqueria,
3; Vinces, 1; Santa Rita, 1; Chimbo, 1.
130 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
seum examined; cf. Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad.
Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 572, 1906). 1
Rupornis magnirostris Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3,
"1848," p. 737, 1849 coast region; Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool.
Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 30, 1900 part, Gualaquiza, Ecuador; Berlepsch
and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 112, 1902 Rio Orinoco (Altagracia, Caicara)
and Rio Caura (Suapure, La Pricion), Venezuela; Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 292,
1908 Approuague River and Cayenne, French Guiana; Beebe, Zoologica
(N.Y.), 1, p. 80, 1909 La Brea, Orinoco Delta; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 65, p. 195, 1913 Cariaquito, Paria Peninsula, and Pedernales,
Orinoco Delta, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 132, 1914
part, Para, Marajo (Pindobal, Pacoval, Dunas, Magoary, Chaves, Sao
Natal), Mexiana, and Monte Alegre, Brazil; Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus.
Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 342, 1916 Orinoco region (nest and eggs descr.);
Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 239, 1916 (numerous localities); Stone,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 154, 1928 Para and Rio Inhangapy,
Para, Brazil; Young, Ibis, 1929, p. 8 Blairmont, British Guiana (habits).
Asturina magnirostris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 451, 1858 Guala-
quiza, Ecuador; idem and Salvin, 1867, p. 589 Mexiana; iidem, I.e.,
1869, p. 131 part, Guianas, Brazil (Rio Negro, Rio Branco, Rio Madeira,
Mexiana), and Colombia ("Bogota") (monog.); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p.
394 Para; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 207, 1874 part, spec,
e-i, Mexiana and British Guiana; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1884, p. 436 Rio
Apure", Venezuela; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 72 Bartica Grove, Camacusa,
Merume Mountains, and River Atapurau, British Guiana; Sclater, Ibis,
1887, p. 318 Maccasseema, British Guiana; Phelps, Auk, 14, p. 366,
1897 Cumanacoa (Sucre), Venezuela; Goeldi, Ibis, 1897, p. 161
Amapa, northern Para; Loat, Ibis, 1898, p. 563 British Guiana; Goeldi,
Ibis, 1903, p. 497 Rio Capim, Para; Hagmann, Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.),
26, p. 21, 1907 Mexiana.
Astur macrorhynchus (Natterer MS.) Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1868 Borba
(Rio Madeira), San Carlos (Rio Guainia), Forte do Rio Branco, Barra
do Rio Negro (=Manaos) and Cajutuba (near Para), Brazil (nomen
nudum).
[Buleo (Rupornis) magnirostris] var. magnirostris Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc.
N. H., 16, p. 87, 1873 part, Guiana, northern Brazil, and Colombia
(Bogota).
Asturina natteri (not A. nattereri Sclater and Salvin) Allen, Bull. Essex Inst.,
8, p. 82, 1876 Santare"m (Rhomes).
Rupornis magnirostris nattereri Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 160, 1891
Santare"m (crit.).
Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 38, 1907
Obidos; idem, I.e., 17, p. 411, 1910 part, Calama, Rio Madeira; idem,
Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, pp. 96, 121,
1 Recent re-examination shows the type to agree in every particular with
other examples from Para and Marajo. According to Spix's original account,
there was in the collection but one specimen, which must have come from Para,
since at Rio de Janeiro, the other locality mentioned, the well-characterized
B. m. nattereri is found.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 131
1912 Pard region (Para, Cajutuba, Rio Capim) and Mexiana; Bangs
and Penard, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 36, 1918 Paramaribo and
Wanaweg, Surinam; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part, Guiana,
eastern Venezuela, and "Lesser Antilles"; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 36, p. 243, 1917 part, Villavicencio, Colombia; idem, I.e., 55,
p. 231, 1926 part, below San Jose 1 , eastern Ecuador; Swann, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 437, 1930 Guiana, Venezuela and "Martinique" (monog.).
Rupornis magnirostris zamorae Chapman, Amer. Mus. Nov., 31, p. 3, March
2, 1922 Sabanilla, Rio Zamora, eastern Ecuador (type in the American
Museum of Natural History, New York); idem, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
55, p. 232, 1926 Sabanilla and Zamora (crit.).
Buteo magnirostris magnirostris Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 238, 1931 (range);
Brodkorb, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 349, p. 2, 1937
Caviana, Brazil; Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 87, p. 185, 1939
part, Parapara, Venezuela (range and tax.); de Schauensee, Not. Nat.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 156, p. 1, 1945 (range; crit.).
Range. The Guianas, southern and eastern Venezuela, west to
the eastern base of the east Colombian Andes (Villavicencio) and
eastern Ecuador; northern Brazil, south to the south bank of the
Amazon from the Para region to the right bank of the Rio Madeira
(Borba, Calama). 1
Field Museum Collection. 46: Colombia (Villavicencio, Meta, 1;
Florencia, Caqueta, 1); Ecuador (Rio Villano, Oriente, 1); British
Guiana (Georgetown, 2; Charity, 1; Buxton, 4; Rockstone, 3);
Dutch Guiana (Paramaribo, 2); French Guiana (Lago Novo, 1);
Brazil (Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 4; Itacoatiara, Amazonas, 5;
Boa Vista, Rio Branco, Amazonas, 3; Obidos, Para, 3; Piquiatuba,
Para, 5; Boca Ituqui, Para, 4; Monte Alegre, Para, 3; Caxiricatuba,
Rio Tapajos, 3).
*Buteo magnirostris occiduus (Bangs). 2 PERUVIAN LARGE-
BILLED HAWK.
1 Birds from the Caura-Orinoco region are identical with Guianan topotypes
and so are specimens from north of the Amazon (Obidos, Mangos, Rio Branco).
We are likewise quite unable to separate a series from Par (insectivorus) from
typical magnirostris, which seems to range south of the river to the right bank of
the Rio Madeira, since an adult male from Borba, like one from Calama previously
examined, is to all intent a perfectly normal example of the nominate form. Birds
from eastern Ecuador, as a whole, agree fairly well with a Guianan series, though
some individuals,, by darker upper parts, rufous-suffused breast, etc., strongly
suggest occiduus. Specimens of this color-type, however, also spring up occasionally
in the eastern part of the range of magnirostris, a female from Caicara, Rio Orinoco,
being especially noteworthy. We cannot, therefore, see in R. m. zamorae anything
but an individual mutation.
2 Buteo magnirostris occiduus (Bangs) is exactly intermediate between B. m.
magnirostris and B. m. saturatus. The light tail-bands are brownish gray, more
brownish than in magnirostris, hence more as in nattereri, and not light tawny
as is the rule in saturatus; the upper parts are darker and markedly more brownish
132 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Rupornis magnirostris occidua Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 24, p. 187,
June 23, 1911 Rio Tambopata, [southeastern] Peru (type in Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); Bangs and Noble, Auk, 35,
p. 444, 1918 Bellavista and Perico, Rio Maranon, Peru; Swann, Syn.
List Accip., p. 55, 1919 Peru; Hellmayr, Arch. Naturg., 85, A, Heft 10,
p. 129, 1919 Occobamba (near Cuzco), Marcapata, Urubamba Valley,
and Chaquimayo, southeastern Peru (crit.); Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 117, p. 59, 1921 Rio Comberciato, Urubamba, Peru (crit.); Swann,
Syn. Accip., p. 92, 1922 Peru; Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool.
Ser., 17, p. 247, 1930 Chinchao, Huanuco, Peru; Swann, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 439, 1930 Peru; Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad.
Handl., (3), 22, p. 27, 1945 Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurud (disc.); idem, I.e.,
(3), 23, p. 51, 1945 Bolivia (Riberalta and Victoria, El Beni) (disc.).
Nisus magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) Tschudi, Unters. Faun.
Peru., Orn., p. 104, 1846 forest region of Peru.
Asturina magnirostris Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 25, p. 261, 1857 Ega,
Rio Solimoes; idem and Salvin, I.e., 1866, p. 198 upper Ucayali; iidem,
I.e., 1867, p. 753 Xeberos and Chyavetas; iidem, I.e., 1869, p. 131
part, eastern Peru; iidem, I.e., 1873, p. 303 upper and lower Ucayali,
Xeberos, Chyavetas, Chami euros, and Santa Cruz; Taczanowski, I.e.,
1874, p. 552 Monterico; idem, I.e., 1879, p. 241 Tambillo; idem, I.e.,
1882, p. 46 Huambo; idem, Orn. Per., 1, p. 120, 1884 Peruvian localities.
Asturina nattereri (not of Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869,
p. 132) Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 598 Cosnipata;
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 208, 1874 part, spec, h-k, Cosnipata,
Peru; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 1, p. 123, 1884 Monterico.
Rupornis magnirostris Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 37, p. 317, 1889 upper Ucayali;
idem and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 42 Borgona,
Dept. Junin; Snethlage, Journ. Orn., 56, p. 22, 1908 Cachoeira and Bom
Lugar, Rio Purus; idem, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 132, 1914 part, Rio
Purus.
Rupornis nattereri Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902,
(2), p. 42 La Merced, Chanchamayo, Peru; iidem, Ornis, 13, pp. 99,
124, 1906 Idma, Huaynapata, and Rio Cadena, Marcapata.
than in magnirostris, though not so dark as in saturatus; the upper tail coverts
are mostly buffy as in the southern form, but sometimes white as in magnirostris;
the throat and chest are gray as in the latter, but profusely variegated with
cinnamomeous; the barring on the posterior lower parts is wider and more deeply
rufescent; the axillars and under wing coverts are more or less buffy as in saturatus,
rarely white as in the nominate race. Numerous individuals have traces of tawny
in the brownish gray tail-bands, and in this respect are matched by occasional
specimens of saturatus, notably one from Tilotilo. However, B. m. occiduus, in
spite of its excessive variability, may generally be distinguished from saturatus
by smaller size, less blackish head, and the predominantly brownish gray instead
of light tawny tail-bands. Birds from the Rio Purus and the left bank of the
Rio Madeira seem to be inseparable from a Peruvian series.
Additional material examined. Peru: Upper Ucayali, 2; Perene 1 , Dept. Junfn,
1; Cosnipata, 2; Occobamba, Cuzco, 1; Urubamba Valley, alt. 700 meters, 1;
Marcapata, 2; Chaquimayo, Carabaya, 1; Oroya, Dept. Puno, 1; Rio Linimbare,
near Oroya, Dept. Puno, 1. Brazil: Uby-no-Cachoeira, Rio Purus, 1; Bom Lugar,
Rio Purus, 1; Marmellos, Rio Madeira, 1.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 133
Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 406, 1907
Humayta, Rio Madeira; idem, I.e., 17, p. 411, 1910 part, Marmellos,
Rio Madeira; Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 108, 1930
Rio Solimoes.
Rupornis pucherani (not Asturina pucherani J. & E. Verreaux) Chubb, Ibis,
1919, p. 282 Oroya and Rio Linimbare, Peru (spec, examined).
Buteo magnirostris occiduus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 238, 1931 (range);
de Schauensee, Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 156, p. 2, 1945 (dist.
chars.; range).
Buteo magnirostris inca de Schauensee, Not. Nat. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
No. 156, p. 2, Aug. 1, 1945 La Oroya, Inambari, Puno, Peru (type in
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia).
Range. Eastern Peru, from the Maranon south to extreme north-
ern Bolivia (Victoria, El Beni), and western Brazil south of the
Amazon east to the left bank of the Rio Madeira (Marmellos,
Humayta).
Field Museum Collection. -31: Peru (Rioja, San Martin, 1;
Lagunas, Loreto, 2; Yurimaguas, Loreto, 1; Poco Tambo, Huanuco,
1; Chinchao, Huanuco, 1; San Ramon, Rio Chanchamayo, Junin, 3;
Alto Quimire, Rio Chanchamayo, Junin, 1; Rio Ucayali, near Rio
Chanchamayo, Junin, 1); Brazil (Joao Pessoa, Rio Jurua, 3; Lago
Grande, Rio Jurua, 1; Rio Eiru, Rio Jurud, 1; Labrea, Rio Purus, 5;
Canutama, Rio Purus, 6; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 4).
*Buteo magnirostris saturatus (Sclater and Salvin). 1 WESTERN
LARGE-BILLED HAWK.
Asturina saturata Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lend., 1876, p. 357
"Apollo" [=Apolobamba], and Tilotilo, Bolivia (type, from Apolobamba,
in Salvin-Godman Collection, now in the British Museum, examined);
iidem, I.e., 1879, p. 636 same localities.
1 Buteo magnirostris saturate (Sclater and Salvin) may be distinguished from
the neighboring races by the light tawny (instead of brownish gray) coloration
of the tail-bands.
Comparison of adequate series shows Paraguayan birds to be inseparable from
those of Bolivia. The type of A. saturata is an unusually rufous individual with
the chest nearly plain tawny (with very few buffy markings) and the tawny
barring on breast and upper belly rather broad. However, two other skins from
Tilotilo (near the type locality) are much paler beneath, the chest being dull
ochraceous tawny with buffy and dusky markings, and the bars on the posterior
under parts duller, though variable in width. Two adults from Esperanza, Bolivia,
have even less ochraceous tawny on the chest, the feathers being broadly edged
with buffy on either side, and the width of the tawny bars posteriorly is equally
variable. The light tail-bands are mostly tawny or ochraceous-tawny, though
to a varying degree shaded with grayish here and there, but only in one from
Tilotilo is the predominating color brownish gray. The tone of the basal portion
of the remiges varies from ochraceous-tawny to deep tawny. Ten adults from
Paraguay and six from northwestern Argentina, although not one of them is
quite so rufous on the chest as the type of A. saturata, show otherwise the same
134 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Astur magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer.
Mend., Ois., p. 91, 1835 part, Bolivia and Santa Fe; Lafresnaye and
d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cL 2, p. 5, 1837 part, Yungas,
Chiquitos, and Moxos, Bolivia.
Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris] var. pucherani (not Asturina pucherani
Verreaux) Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, p. 89, 1873 part, Yungas,
Bolivia.
Asturina pucherani Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 205, 1874 part,
spec, c, Bolivia; Dalgleish, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., 10, p. 83, 1889
Est. Ytanu, Paraguay (nest and egg descr.); Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 142
lower Pilcomayo; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 10, No. 208, p. 19,
1895 Valenzuela, near Paraguarf, Paraguay; Lonnberg, Ibis, 1903, p.
465 Tatarenda and Aguairenda, Tarija, Bolivia; Grant, I.e., 1911, p.
330 Argentina (Riacho Ancho, Terr. Chaco; Colonia Mihanovitch,
Terr. Formosa) and Paraguay (ten miles north of Villa Pilar).
Rupornis nattereri saturata Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 35, p. 28, 1887 LambarS,
Paraguay.
Rupornis saturata Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 104, 1889 part,
Mapiri, Bolivia; Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 12, No. 292, p. 28,
1897 Caiza, Bolivia, and San Lorenzo, Jujuy; Menegaux, Rev. Frang.
d'Orn., 1925, p. 281 Laguna de Tulip-Loman, near Icano, Santiago del
Estero.
Asturina nattereri (not of Sclater and Salvin) Stempelmann and Schulz, Bol.
Acad. Nac. Cienc. Cordoba, 18, p. 396, 1890 Cordoba.
Rupornis nattereri Salvadori, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 378, p. 12,
1900 Urucum, Matto Grosso.
Potamolegus superciliaris var. furmcottis Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, (1),
p. 161, Jan., 1901 Asuncion, Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de W. Bertoni).
Rupornis pucherani Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 204, 1902
Tucuman; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904 Oran, Salta;
Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 Tucuman; Chubb,
Ibis, 1910, p. 72 Sapucay, Paraguay (descr.); Menegaux, Rev. Frang.
d'Orn., 1925, p. 281 Laguna de Canita, near Icano, Santiago del Estero.
Rupornis magnirostris pucherani Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239,
1909 part, Tucuman; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18,
p. 245, 1910 part, Tucuman, Salta, and Chaco; Swann, Syn. List Accip.,
p. 56, 1919 part, Paraguay and Bolivia; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
133, p. Ill, 1926 part, Las Palmas, Chaco; Friedmann, Bull. Mus.
amount of variation in all the characters discussed above, and every one can be
exactly matched by one or the other of the remaining Bolivian examples. The
pileum, in this form, is constantly darker, more blackish than the back, and the
throat is dusky or dark gray streaked with buffy. Birds from southern Paraguay
average perhaps slightly larger.
Additional material examined. Bolivia: Apolobamba, 1; Mapiri, 1; Tilotilo, 2;
Torochito (Mizque), 1; Esperanza, 2; Buenavista, Santa Cruz, 2; unspecified, 1.
Argentina: Santa Barbara, Jujuy, 1; Rio Bermejo, Oran, Salta, 1; Tucuman, 4.
Paraguay: LambarS, 1; Conception, 4; ten miles above Villa Pilar, 1; BernalcuS,
near Asunci6n, 2; Villa Rica, 3; Sapucay, 1; Cambyreta, 1.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 135
Comp. Zool, 68, p. 159, 1927 Bovril Islands, Santa Fe; Swann, Monog.
Bds. Prey, 1, p. 442, 1930 (monog.; in part).
Rupornis magnirostris subsp. nattereri Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac, Buenos
Aires, 18, p. 245, 1910 Cordoba.
Rupornis magnirostris nattereri Menegaux, Rev. Franc. d'Orn., 5, p. 24, 1917
Pocone, Matto Grosso.
Rupornis magnirostris saturaia(us) Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 183, 1921
Bolivia and Chiquitos (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 94, 1922 Bolivia;
Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. 113, 1926 Tapia, Tucumin;
Friedmann, BulL Mus. Comp. ZooL, 48, p. 159, 1927 Alpachirri, Tucu-
man; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Ezp., Vogel, p. 106,
1930 Villa Montes, Tarija, and Santa Cruz, Bolivia (young); Swann,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 443, 1930 Bolivia to Tucumin; Steullet and
Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, p. 436, 1936 Salta (Oran, Rio
Colorado, Rio San Andres, San Antonio, Rosario de Lerma, Urundal)
and Tucumin (Trancas, Volcan); Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk.
Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 50, 1945 Bolivia (Puerto Salinas, Reyes and
Bresta, El Beni; Yungas del Cochabamba) (crit.).
Rupornis magnirostris supereiliaris (not Spartius supereiliaris Viefllot?) Swann,
Syn. Accip., p. 93, 1922 part, Paraguay and Argentina; Giacomelli,
El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 near the capital, La Rioja; Naumburg, Butt.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 107, 1930 Paraguay (Trinidad, Puerto Pinasco)
and Matto Grosso (Urucum); Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco
Exp., Vogel, p. 104, 1930 Formosa (Yunca Viejo, San Jose, Lapango,
Tapikiole, Tacaagle); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata,
p. 434, 1936 Girardet, Santiago del Estero (crit.).
Rupornis magnirostris gularis (not Asturina gularis Schlegel) Laubmann, Wiss,
Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 103, 1930 Galvez (near Rosario)
and Est. La Germania, Santa Fe (young birds); idem, Verb. Orn. Ges.
Bay., 2, p. 293, 1934 Est. La Geraldina, Santa FC" (crit).
Bulfo magnirostris svpereiliaris Peters, Bds. Worid, 1, p. 239, 1931 Para-
guayan and Argentine Chaco.
Buteo magnirostris saturatus Peters, Bds. Worid, 1, p. 239, 1931 Bolivia to
Tucuman; Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phfla., *5,
p. 177, 1943 numerous localities, Bolivia (disc.).
Range. Bolivia (except extreme northern portion) and Paraguay
(except extreme southeastern section); southwestern Matto Grosso
(teste E. M. Naumburg) ; western Argentina, west of the Rio Parana,
south to Santa Fe", Cordoba, and La Rioja.
Field Museum Collection. 40: Bolivia (Incachaca, Cochabamba,
2; Aiquile, Cochabamba, 1; Yungas del Palmar, Cochabamba, 2;
Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, 2; San Carlos, Santa Cruz, 1; Cercado,
Santa Cruz, 1 ; Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1) ; Paraguay (195-265 km.
west of Puerto Casado, 11; 30 km. west of Puerto Casado, 1; Puerto
Casado, 1; Horqueta, 1); Argentina (Conception, Tucuman, 14;
Resistencia, Chaco, 1; Marco Paz, Cordoba, 1).
136 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
*Buteo magnirostris pucherani (J. and E. Verreaux). 1
PUCHERAN'S LARGE-BILLED HAWK.
Asturina pucherani J. and E. Verreaux, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 7, p. 350, 1855
"1'Ame'rique Me>idionale" = Buenos Aires (descr. of young; type in Nor-
wich Museum; cf. Gurney, List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 72 [note 5], 1884,
and Sclater and Salvin, Exot. Orn., p. 177, 1869); Sclater and Salvin, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 133 part, Buenos Aires, Corrientes, and
Paraguay; iidem, I.e., p. 634 Conchitas, Buenos Aires; iidem, Exot.
Orn., p. 117, pi. 89 (adult and young), 1869 part, Buenos Aires (crit.);
Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136 Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre Rios (spec,
examined); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 205, 1874 (in part); Durn-
ford, Ibis, 1877, p. 187 Buenos Aires; Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 30, 1884
Concepci6n del Uruguay, Entre Rios; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 469
Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 58,
1889 Argentina.
Astur magnirostris (not Falco magnirostris Gmelin) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amer.
Me"rid., Ois., p. 91, 1835 part, Buenos Aires, Entre Rfos, and Corrientes;
Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 5, 1837
part, Corrientes and Buenos Aires.
Asturina gularis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 4, 1862 Buenos
Aires (type in the Leyden Museum; descr. of adult).
Nisus magnirostris Burmeister, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 633 vicinity
of Buenos Aires.
[Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris] var. pucherani Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,
16, p. 89, 1873 part, Buenos Aires (crit.).
Asturina nattereri (not of Sclater and Salvin) Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac.
Cienc. Cordoba, 5, p. 76, 1884 Tandfl, Buenos Aires.
Rupornis magnirostris pucherani Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239,
1909 part, Barracas al Sud, Buenos Aires, and Roca, Rio Negro; Dabbene,
Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 245, 1910 part, Buenos Aires,
1 Buteo magnirostris pucherani (J. and E. Verreaux): Similar to, and agreeing
with, B. m. saturatus in light tawny tail-bands, but somewhat larger; the throat,
with rare exceptions, quite uniform dusky brown with mere trace of light streaking;
barring of breast and upper abdomen narrower as well as paler, ochraceous rather
than tawny. Wing, 270 (male) to 285 (female).
Sclater and Salvin, on direct comparison of the original specimens both
received by Verreaux found the type of A. pucherani to be a young individual
of A. gularis Schlegel which was based on an adult from Buenos Aires, and as
the pictures in "Exotic Ornithology" tend to support this conclusion, we may
after all accept Verreaux's specific term for the large, dark-throated form of the
Buenos Aires region. Three adults from Entre Rios and one from Corrientes
are quite identical with topotypes. According to Wetmore, Uruguayan birds are
somewhat intermediate to "nattereri" (=magniplumis), and as the inhabitants of
Rio Grande do Sul approach pucherani in size as well as in certain details of
coloration, it is probable that an unbroken chain of intergrades may exist between
the two races. It appears to us that the name pucherani should conveniently
be restricted to the territory circumscribed above, while the Large-billed Hawk
found west of the Rio Parana more nearly resembles saturatus.
Additional material examined. Argentina: Corrientes, 1; Santa Elena, Entre
Rfos, 2; Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre Rios, 1; Tigre, Buenos Aires, 1;
Buenos Aires, 5; Colonia Helvetia, 1.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 137
Entre Rfos, and Rio Negro (Roga); Ambrosetti, El Hornero, I, p. 116,
1918 San Pedro, Buenos Aires; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 56, 1919
part, Argentina; Seri6 and Smyth, El Hornero, 3, p. 44, 1923 Santa
Elena, Entre Rfos; Pereyra, I.e., 3, p. 165, 1923 Zelaya, Buenos Aires;
Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. Buenos Aires for 1922-23, p. 630, 1924
Prov. Buenos Aires; Wetmore, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. Ill, 1926
part, San Vicente and Rio Negro, Uruguay; Tremoleras, El Hornero, 4,
p. 18, 1927 same localities; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 442, 1930
(monog.; in part).
Rupornis magnirostris nattereri Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18,
p. 245, 1910 Sierra de la Tinta, Buenos Aires.
Rupornis magnirostris superciliaris (not Sparvius superciliaris Vieillot?)
Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 183, 1921 Buenos Aires.
Rupornis magnirostris gularis Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser.,
12, p. 461 (in text), 1929 Uruguay, Entre Rios, and Buenos Aires;
Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, p. 433, 1936 Rio
Santiago, Buenos Aires.
Buteo magnirostris gularis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 239, 1931 (range).
Range. Northeastern Argentina, in provinces of Corrientes,
Entre Rios, and Buenos Aires (one record from Roca, Rio Negro),
and Uruguay.
Field Museum Collection. 2: Uruguay (Quebrada de los Cuervos,
Triente y Tres, 1; Rio Uruguay, southwest of Dolores, Soriano, 1).
*Buteo magnirostris magniplumis (Bertoni). 1 BERTONI'S LARGE-
BILLED HAWK.
Potamolegus superciliaris magniplumis Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1,
p. 159, Jan., 1901 Mondafh, eastern Paraguay (descr. of adult; type in
coll. of A. de W. Bertoni).
Falco magnirostris (not of Gmelin) Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 15,
pi. 86, 1821 Brazil (young); Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 102,
1830 eastern Brazil (in part).
1 Buteo magnirostris magniplumis (Bertoni) : Similar to B. m. nattereri in general
coloration and particularly in brownish-gray tail-bands, but decidedly larger,
rather darker above, and with the throat, as a rule, less variegated with whitish.
Wing, 235 (male) to 255 (female).
Birds from Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catharina agree well
and are identical with an adult female from Santa Ana, Misiones, which may
reasonably be taken to represent magniplumis, based on a bird from the Rio
Mondaih, in extreme eastern Paraguay. Specimens from Rio Grande do Sul are
intermediate to B. m. pucherani, which they resemble in size, blackish pileum,
reduction of tawny color on chest, and narrow barring of posterior under parts,
but like magniplumis they have the light tail-bands brownish gray with mere
traces of tawny. Adult females measure: wing, 270-275; tail, 185-190.
Additional material examined. Brazil: Victoria, Espirito Santo, 3; Rio de
Janeiro, 1 ; ItararS, Sao Paulo, 1 ; Mattodentro, Sao Paulo, 1 ; Irisanga, Sao Paulo,
1; Parana, 1; Santa Catharina (Desterro, Ararangua, Joinville, Blumenau), 29;
Engenho do Para, Matto Grosso, 1; Caicara, Matto Grosso, 2; Camaquam, Rio
Grande do Sul, 2. Argentina: Santa Ana, Misiones, 1.
138 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Nisus magnirostris Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 76, 1856 south-
eastern Brazil.
Asturina magnirostris Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 3, 1862 part,
Brazil (transitional plumage).
Astur magnirostris Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 6, 1867 Rio de Janeiro (Sapitiba,
Corcovado), Sao Paulo (Mattodentro, Ypanema, Itarare, Irisanga),
Paran& (Castro), and Matto Grosso (Engenho do Para, Cuyaba, Caicara).
Asturina nattereri Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 132
part, Sao Paulo and Matto Grosso; iidem, Exot. Orn., p. 173, 1869 part,
southern Brazil; Reinhardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870,
p. 69 Minas Geraes; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 31, p. 289, 1873 Blumenau,
Santa Catharina; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 208, 1874 Brazil
(in part); Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 353, 1899 Sao Paulo and
Piracicaba, Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de
Janeiro; idem, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 140, 1899 Mundo
Novo, Rio Grande do Sul.
[Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris] var. nattereri Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,
16, pp. 87, 88, 1873 part, Sao Paulo, Matto Grosso, Rio de Janeiro,
and Rio das Velhas.
Rupornis nattereri Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio
de Janeiro; Berg, Commun. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 1, p. 283, 1901
Rio de Janeiro (descr.); Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 301, 1914
Iguazu, Misiones.
Asturina nattereri saturata? (not A. saturata Sclater and Salvin) Berlepsch
and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 168, 1885 Taquara, Rio Grande do
Sul.
Rupornis magnirostris nattereri Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 142, 1893
Chapada, Matto Grosso; Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad.
Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 573, 1906 part, Sao Paulo; Ihering, Cat. Faun.
Braz., 1, p. 91, 1907 part, Sao Paulo (Piracicaba, Jaboticabal, Rincao),
Paran (Ourinho), and Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni); Dabbene, Anal.
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 245, 1910 part, Misiones and Alto
Paran&; idem, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 247, 1913 Santa Ana, Misiones;
Me"negaux, Rev. Fran?. d'Orn., 1918, p. 289 Villa Lutetia, near San
Ignacio, Misiones; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 56, 1919 Brazil (in part);
idem, Syn. Accip., p. 93, 1922 Brazil (in part); Stolzmann, Ann. Zool.
Mus. Pol. Hist. Nat., 5, p. 123, 1926 Marechal Mallet, Fazenda Con-
cordia, Fazenda Durski, Candido de Abreu, Guarapuava, Salto de Uba,
and Salto Guayra, Parana; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 441, 1930
Brazil (in part).
Potamolegus superciliaris (not Sparvius superciliaris Vieillot) 1 Bertoni, Anal.
Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 158, Jan., 1901 Djavevihrih, Alto Parana
(descr. of young).
1 Sparvius superciliaris Vieillot (Nquv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 10, p. 328,
1817 based on "Esparvero pardo ceja blanca" Azara, No. 25) seems to refer
to the juvenile plumage of some Large-billed Hawk, but as no less than three
races are now known to occur within the territory explored by Azara, its exact
identification from the rather ambiguous description (cf. Wetmore, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 133, p. 112, 1926) becomes an utter impossibility, and the name
should be dropped.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 139
Rupornis magnirostris pucherani (not Asturina pucherani Verreaux) Bertoni,
Faun. Parag., 1, p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay.
Rupornis magnirostris superciliaris Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1,
p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay.
Rupornis magnirostris magniplumis Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool.
Ser., 12, p. 461 (in text), 1929 southeastern Brazil and Misiones; Naum-
burg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 109, 1930 Primavera and Tapi-
rapoan, Matto Grosso; Pinto, Rev. Mus. Paul., 17, (2), p. 720, 1932
Aquidauana, Matto Grosso; idem, I.e., 20, p. 51, 1936 Rio das Almas
(Jaragua) and Inhumas, Goyaz (crit.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine.
Mus. La Plata, p. 432, 1936 (range).
Buteo magnirostris magniplumis Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 239, 1931 (range).
Range. Southern Brazil, from Espirito Santo, Minas Geraes,
Goyaz, and Matto Grosso south to Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones,
and the adjacent parts of Paraguay (Alto Parana).
Field Museum Collection. 14: Brazil (Rio San Miguel, Goyaz, 2;
Veadeiros, Goyaz, 2; Nova Roma, Rio Parana, Goyaz, 2; Conceifao,
Matto Grosso, 1; Chapada, Matto Grosso, 2; Piraputanga, Matto
Grosso, 1; Joinville, Santa Catharina, 1; Fazenda Morungaba,
Parana, 2); Argentina (Puerto Segundo, Misiones, 1).
*Buteo magnirostris nattereri (Sclater and Salvin). NATTERER'S
LARGE-BILLED HAWK.
Asturina nattereri Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 132
part, vicinity of Bahia, Brazil (type in Salvin-Godman Collection, now
in the British Museum, examined); iidem, Exot. Orn., livr. 11, p. 173,
pi. 87, 1869 part, Bahia; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 208, 1874
part, spec, c-g, Bahia, Brazil; Nicoll, Ibis, 1904, p. 40 Bahia.
Falco magnirostris (not of Gmelin) Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 18, 1824
"in provincia Piauhy, Bahia, etc." (spec, examined); Wied, Beitr. Naturg.
Bras., 3, (1), p. 102, 1830 eastern Brazil (in part).
[Buteo (Rupornis) magnirostris} var. nattereri Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,
16, p. 88, 1873 part, Bahia.
Rupornis magnirostris nattereri Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr.
Akad. Wiss., 22, No. 3, p. 573, 1906 (crit.); Lima, Rev. Mus. Paul., 12,
(2), p. 96, 1920 Belmonte, Bahia; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Nat. Kl. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 203, 1923 Bahia and Piauhy (habits); Hellmayr,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 12, p. 460, 1929 Maranhao (Tury-
assu, Sao Bento, Sao Luiz, Primeira Cruz, Tapera, Miritiba), Piauhy
(Ibiapaba; Ilha Sao Martin, Rio Parnahyba), and Ceara (Jua) (crit.);
Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 441, 1930 Brazil (in part); Pinto, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 19, p. 101, 1935 Rio Gongogy, Ilha de Madre de Deus,
Belmonte, and Bomfim, Bahia (crit.; meas.).
Rupornis nattereri Reiser, Denks. Math.-Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 76,
p. 89, 1910 Bahia (Serra da Solidade, Barra do Rio Grande, LagQa
do Boqueirao) and Piauhy (Ilha Sao Martin, Rio Parnahyba).
140 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Buteo magnirostris naltereri Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 228, 1931 (range).
Range. Northeastern Brazil, from Maranhao, Piauhy, and
Ceard south to Bahia. 1
Field Museum Collection. 8: Brazil (Tury-assu, Maranhao, 1;
San Benito, Maranhao, 1; Ibiapaba, Piauhy, 1; Quixada, Ceara, 3;
Jua, near Iguatu, Ceara, 2).
*Buteo leucorrhous (Quoy and Gaimard). WHITE-RUMPED HAWK.
Falco leucorrhous Quoy and Gaimard, in Freycinet, Voy. Uranie et Physic.,
Zool., livr. 3, p. 91, pi. 13, Aug., 1824 "Bresil"=Rio de Janeiro (type in
Paris Museum).
Nisus leucorrhous Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 265, 1844 Peru; idem,
Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 103, 1846 Peru (descr. of young).
Asturina leucorrhoa(us) Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 199 Brazil (descr.); Bonaparte,
Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 30, 1850 Caracas, Venezuela; Schlegel, Mus.
Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 5, 1862 Brazil (descr.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 134 Brazil (Rio de Janeiro), Venezuela, Co-
lombia (Bogota), and Peru (monog.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1,
p. 209, 1874 "Trinidad," Brazil, and Caracas; Sclater and Salvin, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 235 Me"rida, Venezuela; iidem, I.e., 1879,
p. 540 Concordia and Santa Elena, Colombia; Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>.,
1, p. 119, 1884 Peru; Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn., 2, p. 168,
1885 Arroio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande
do Sul, 16, p. 140, 1899 Mundo Novo, Rio Grande do Sul.
Astur leucorrhous Pelzeln, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 7, 1868 vicinity of Rio de Janeiro.
Buteo (Rupornis) leucorrhous Ridgway, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 16, p. 90,
1873 (monog.).
Rupornis leucorrhoa Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 13, p. 129, 1900 El
Libano, Santa Marta, Colombia; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires,
8, p. 204, 1902 Cuesta de Malamala and San Pedro, Tucuman; idem,
Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 same localities; Ihering,
Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 91, 1907 Santa Catharina (Desterro), Minas
Geraes (Marianna), and Paraguay (Puerto Bertoni); Dabbene, Anal. Mus.
Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 245, 1910 Tucuman; Bertoni, Faun. Parag.,
p. 43, 1914 Alto Parana, Paraguay; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 57,
1919 (chars.; range); idem, Auk, 38, p. 362, 1921 Culata, Montana
Sierra, and Escorial, Merida, Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 94, 1922
(range); Lonnberg and Rendahl, Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 41, 1922
Alonguinche (Mojanda), Maspa (below Papallacta), and Piganta (Mojan-
1 Birds from northern Maranhao, by their somewhat stronger grayish suffusion
in the tawny prepectoral area, display a slight tendency toward magnirostris,
but otherwise agree with the inhabitants of Bahia, Piauhy, and Ceara. Wing,
197-217, (female) 215-228.
Additional material examined. Maranhao: Sao Luiz, 1; Miritiba, 5; Tapera,
1; Primeira Cruz, 2. Piauhy: Ilha Sao Martin, Rio Parnahyba, 1. Bahia: Serra
da Solidade, 1; Barra, 1; Fazenda da Serra, Rio Grande, 1; Lagoa do Boqueirao,
Rio Grande, 1; unspecified, 8.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 141
da), Ecuador (crit.); Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 232, 1926
El Chiral and above Baeza, Ecuador; Holt, I.e., 57, p. 283, 1928 Serra
do Itatiaya, Rio de Janeiro; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 445, pi. [33],
fig. 11 (egg), 1930 (monog.); Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La
Plata, p. 437, 1936 (range in Argentina).
Rupornis nigra Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 162, Jan., 1901
Alto Parana, lat. 25-27 S., Paraguay (type in coll. of A. de W. Bertoni).
Buteola leucorrhoa Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902,
(2), p. 42 Tambo de Aza, Junm, Peru.
Percnohierax leucorrhous Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 153,
1922 El Libano (ex Allen).
Buteo leucorrhous Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 239, 1931 (range); Dugand, Rev.
Acad. Columb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 399, 1941 Colombia.
Range. Locally in Colombia (Concordia, western Andes; El
Tambo, Cauca; Santa Elena, central Andes; El Libano, Santa
Marta region; "Bogota"), Ecuador (both sides), Peru, Venezuela
(Me'rida region; Caracas), Brazil (Rio de Janeiro; Serra do Itatiaya;
Santa Catharina; Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay (Alto Parana), and
Argentina (Cuesta de Malamala and San Pablo, Tucuman).
Field Museum Collection. 7: Colombia (El Tambo, Munchique,
Cauca, 3); Ecuador (Mount Mojanda, Pichincha, 2; Baeza, Napo-
Pastaza, 1); Venezuela (Me'rida, Me'rida, 1).
*Buteo brachyurus Vieillot. SHORT-TAILED HAWK.
Buteo brachyurus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. 6d., 4, p. 477, 1816
no locality given (type, sent by Leblond from Cayenne, in Paris Museum;
cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 86, 1850); Sclater and Salvin,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 600 Tinta, Peru; Salvin, I.e., 1870,
p. 215 CaloveVora, Veraguas; Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 6, p. 210,
1881 Palatka, Florida, and Mirador, eastern Mexico (descr.); idem, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 8, p. 578, 1885 Cozumel Island (descr. of young);
Scott, Auk, 6, p. 244, 1889 Tarpon Springs, Florida (breeding; crit.);
Pennock, I.e., 7, p. 56, 1890 St. Marks, Florida (breeding); Cherrie,
I.e., 9, p. 328, 1892 San Jose", Costa Rica (Sept. 10, 1888); Bendire, Life
Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 246, pi. 8, fig. 7 (egg), 1892 Florida; Richmond,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 16, p. 522, 1893 Rio Escondido, Nicaragua;
Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 142, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso;
Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 71, 1900 Florida,
Mexico (Tamaulipas, Alvarado, Jalapa, Tehuantepec City, Tonala,
Cozumel Island), Guatemala, Nicaragua (Escondido River), Costa Rica
(San Jose 1 , Irazu, San Antonio, La Palma), and Panama (Cal6bre, Calo-
veVora); Bangs, Proc. New Eng. Zool. CL, 3, p. 20, 1902 Sona, Chiriqui;
Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 46, p. 214, 1906 savanna
142 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
of Panama; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 458, 1910 Azahar de
Cartago, Costa Rica; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 243,
1917 Quindio Pass, Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus.,
14, p. 151, 1922 Bonda and Palenque, Colombia; Hallinan, Auk, 41,
p. 311, 1924 Gatun, Panama; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55,
p. 231, 1926 Ecuador flisted); (?)Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool.
Ser., 17, p. 246, 1930 Panao, Huanuco, Peru; Peters, Bds. World, 1,
p. 239, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 314, 1932
Perme, Darien; idem, I.e., 78, p. 299, 1935 Panama; Dugand, Rev.
Acad. Colomb. Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 399, 1941 Colombia.
Buteo melanoleucus (not of Vieillot, 1816) Lesson, Trait6 d'Orn., livr. 4, p. 82,
May, 1830 Cayenne (cf. Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 124,
1850; crit.).
Falco albifrons Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3, (1), p. 187, 1830 eastern Brazil
(type now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York; cf.
Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 267, 1889).
Asturina albifrons Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 200 no locality = Brazil (type in
Frankfurt Museum); 1 Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 1, p. 31, 1850 (diag.);
idem, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 489, 1850 (crit.); Sclater, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 27, p. 368, 1859 Jalapa, Mexico.
Buteo fuliginosus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 356, Nov. 9, 1858
State of Tamaulipas, Mexico (descr. of melanistic variety; type in Norwich
Museum); idem, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., 4, (6), p. 267, pi. 62, 1858
Tamaulipas, Mexico (descr. and fig. of type); Sclater and Salvin, Ibis,
1860, p. 401 Coban, Guatemala; Gurney, I.e., 1876, pp. 235 (meas. of
type), 477-480 Mexico (Tamaulipas, Jalapa), Guatemala (Vera Paz),
Venezuela, and Peru (Tinta) (crit.; meas.); Scott, Auk, 5, p. 185, 1888
Cape Romano, Florida; idem, I.e., 6, p. 243, 1889 (crit.).
Asturina brachyura Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 218 Guatemala.
Buteo minutus (Natterer MS.) Pelzeln, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 44,
p. 14, 1861 Brazil and Cayenne (type, from Para, in Vienna Museum
examined); idem, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 141, 185, 1862
Cayenne, Para, and Matto Grosso (soft parts); idem, I.e., 15, p. 937,
1865 Matto Grosso (melanistic variety); idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868
[Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso and Para, Brazil; Lawrence, Bull. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 4, p. 42, 1876 Tehuantepec City, Mexico.
Buteo albifrons Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteones, p. 10, 1862 Brazil (notes
on the types of F. albifrons Wied and Asturina albifrons Kaup).
Buteola brachyura Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 394 NazarS, Para, Brazil; Tacza-
nowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 552 Amable Maria, Peru;
Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 22, p. 229, 1874 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro;
Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 201, 1874 (monog.); Gurney, Ibis,
1876, p. 479 Guatemala, Brazil (Para, Rio de Janeiro), and Veraguas
(meas.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, pp. 540, 637
Santa Elena, Colombia, and Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia; Sumichrast, La
Naturaleza, 5, p. 236, 1881 Tonala, Chiapas; Berlepsch and Taczanowski,
1 Doubtless No. 2682, Buteola brachyura, from Brazil, as listed by Hartert
(Kat. Vogels Mus. Senckenberg. Naturf. Gesells., p. 176, 1891).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 143
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 574 Chimbo, Ecuador; Taczanowski,
Orn. Per., 1, p. 118, 1884 Amable Maria, Peru; Gurney, List Diurn.
Bds. Prey, p. 146, 1884 (crit.); Berlepsch and Ihering, Zeits. Ges. Orn.,
2, p. 168, 1885 Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul; Salvin, Ibis, 1890, pp. 84,
89 Cozumel Island; Ihering, Ann. Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 140,
1899 Mundo Novo; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 353, 1899 Piracicaba,
Sao Paulo; idem, I.e., 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo, Rio de Janeiro; Ber-
lepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p. 42 La Merced,
Chanchamayo, Peru; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 90, 1907 Piracicaba,
Sao Paulo; Berlepsch, Nov. Zool., 15, p. 291, 1908 Cayenne; Dabbene,
Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 244, 1910 Alto Parana, Paraguay;
Hellmayr, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2, p. 96,
1912 Nazare, Para; Bertoni, Anal. Soc. Cient. Arg., 75, p. 79, 1913
Misiones; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 1, p. 247, 1913 Misiones; idem,
I.e., p. 301, 1914 Misiones; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914 Alto
Parana, Paraguay; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 131, 1914 (listed);
Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 236, 1916 British Guiana (ex Quelch);
Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 54, 1919 (chars.; range); idem, Auk, 38,
p. 361, 1921 Escorial, Valle, Montana Sierra, and Culata, Me"rida,
Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 89, 1922 (chars.; range); Brandt, Auk,
41, p. 59, pi. 9, 1924 Florida (nesting habits); Swann, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 429, pi. [33], fig. 12 (egg), 1930 (monog.); Naumburg, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 60, p. 107, 1930 Matto Grosso; Griscom, I.e., 64,
p. 155, 1932 Guatemala (listed); Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 71,
p. 311, 1931 Changuinola, Almirante, Panama; Steullet and Deautier,
Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 431, 1936 Monte Carlo, Misiones;
Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 254, 1937 (life hist.; range).
Buteola fuliginosa Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 6, p. 212, 1881 Mexico
(Mirador, Mazatlan, Tehuantepec), Florida (Oyster Bay), and Brazil
(Albuquerque) (descr.).
Elanus amauroleucus Bertoni, Anal. Cient. Parag., 1, No. 1, p. 166, Jan., 1901
banks of the Rio Parana, lat. 26 and 27 S., Paraguay (type in coll. of
A. de W. Bertoni).
Buteo abbreviatus minimus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, Nov. 7, 1919
Miritiba, Maranhao, Brazil (type in coll. of H. K. Swann, now in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Auk, 38,
p. 360 (in text), 1921 (crit.).
Range. Breeds in southern Florida, possibly in eastern Mexico
and Central America and locally in South America, where it occurs
as far south as Chimbo, western Ecuador, and east of the Andes in
eastern Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil south to Misiones (Monte Carlo),
Argentina, and Paraguay (Alto Parana). 1
Field Museum Collection. 20: Florida (Miami, 1; Charlotte
Harbor, 1; Chatham Bay, 1); Mexico (Tancitaro, Michoacan, 1;
1 Additional specimens examined. Florida, 3. Mexico: Jalapa, 1. Guate-
mala: Coban, 1. Panama: CaloveVora, 1. French Guiana: Cayenne, 3.
Brazil: Para, 1; Villa Bella de Matto Grosso, 1; Ypanema, Sao Paulo, 1; Joinville,
Santa Catharina, 2.
144 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Tampico, Tamaulipas, 1); Colombia (El Tambo, Munchique, Cauca,
7); Ecuador (Puente de Chimbo, Guayas, 1; Pacto, Pichincha, 1;
Rio Guallabamba, Pichincha, 1); Peru (Panao Mountains, Huanuco,
I; 1 San Ramon, Junin, 1); Brazil (Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 1;
Miritiba, 1); Bolivia (Rio Surutu, Santa Cruz, 1).
*Buteo fuscescens fuscescens (Vieillot). BUZZARD EAGLE.
Spizaetus fuscescens Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 32, p. 55, 1819
based on "Aguila parda" Azara, No. 9, between 31 and 34 Lat. S., viz.,
eastern Argentina (Corrientes or Entre Rfos) (descr. of young).
Spizaetus melanoleucus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. e"d., 32, p. 57,
1819 based on "Aguila obscura y blanca" Azara, No. 8, Paraguay
(descr. of adult).
Falco aguia Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 51, pi. "301" (=302), Oct. 23,
1824 Brazil (type in Paris Museum).
Haliaetus melanoleucus d'Orbigny, Voy. Ame'r. Me>id., Ois., p. 76, 1835
part, eastern Argentina; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1, in Mag.
Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 3, 1837 part, Argentina and Bolivia; Burmeister, Syst.
Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 54, 1855 part, Brazil; idem, Reise La Plata St.,
2, p. 435, 1861 part, Parana, Entre Rios.
Asturina melanoleuca Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 5, 1862 part,
spec. Nos. 1-6, Brazil and Paraguay.
Geranoaetus melanoleucus Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, pp. 592, 631,
1863 part, Brazil (Murungaba, Itarare") (soft parts); idem, Orn. Bras.,
1, p. 4, 1868 Itarare" and Murungaba, Sao Paulo; Lee, Ibis, 1873, p. 136
Rio Gato, near Gualeguaychu, Entre Rios; Gibson, Ibis, 1879, p. 409
Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Dalgleish, Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin.,
6, p. 239, pi. 7, fig. 3 (egg), 1881 Est. de la Tala, Durazno, Uruguay;
(?)Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 51, 1881 part,
Sierras del Azul and de Currumalan, Buenos Aires; Barrows, Auk, 1,
p. 110, 1884 Concepcion del Uruguay, Entre Rios, and (?)Sierra de la
Ventana, Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 64, 1889
Argentina (in part); Kerr, Ibis, 1892, p. 143 lower Pilcomayo; Aplin,
Ibis, 1894, p. 194 Uruguay; Kerr, Ibis, 1901, p. 230 Paraguayan Chaco;
Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 89, 1907 part, Sao Paulo and Paraguay;
Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239, 1909 part, Ceres, Santa
Fe"; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, pp. 243, 414, 1910
part, Mocovi, Santa Fe, and Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Grant,
Ibis, 1911, p. 332 Los Yngleses, Ajo; Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 42, 1914
Paraguay; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 40, 1919 (in part); Gibson, Ibis,
1919, p. 508, 1920, p. 96 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires; Tremoleras,
El Hornero, 2, p. 17, 1920 Florida and Minas, Uruguay; Seri6 and
Smyth, I.e., 3, p. 44, 1923 Santa Elena, Entre Rfos; M6n6gaux, Rev.
Franc. d'Orn., 1925, p. 279 Tataral del Bracho and Tataral de la Palisa,
near Icano, Santiago del Estero.
1 Doubtfully identified with the present species.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 145
Buteo melanoleucus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 168, 1874 part,
southern Brazil; (?)Holmberg, Act. Acad. Nac. Cienc. C6rdoba, 5, p. 75,
1884 Sierra del Tandfl and de la Tinta, Buenos Aires; Ihering, Ann.
Est. Rio Grande do Sul, 16, p. 139, 1899 Pedras Brancas, Rio Grande
do Sul; idem, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 352, 1899 Sao Paulo.
Geranoaetus melanoleucus melanoleucus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 67, 1922
(range); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 345, 1926 (monog.); Laubmann,
Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 109, 1930 Mission Taca-
agl6 (Formosa), Galvez (near Rosario, Santa Fe"), and Rio de Oro (Chaco)
(crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 227, 1931 (range); Steullet and Deautier,
Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 413, 1936 Girardet, Santiago del Estero
(crit.; range).
Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis (not of Swann) Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr.
Publ. for 1922-23, p. 629, 1924 Cape San Antonio, Buenos Aires.
Range. Southeastern Brazil, from Sao Paulo (Murungaba,
Itarare") to Rio Grande do Sul; Uruguay; Paraguay (including the
Chaco); eastern Argentina, from Formosa and Misiones south to
Santa FC", Entre Rios, and Buenos Aires. 1
Field Museum Collection. 3: Paraguay, Chaco (190 km. west
of Puerto Casado, 2); 2 Uruguay (Quebrada de los Cuervos, Triente
y Tres, 1).
*Buteo fuscescens australis (Swann). 3 WESTERN BUZZARD EAGLE.
Geranoaetus melanoleucus australis Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 67, Jan. 2, 1922
Valle del Lago Blanco, Chubut (type in British Museum); Giacomelli,
El Hornero, 3, p. 77, 1923 La Rioja; Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
65, p. 305, 1923 thirty miles south of Maquinchao, Rio Negro; Swann,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 347, 1926 (monog.); Zimmer, Field Mus. Nat.
1 The exact limits of the range beyond Santa F6 remain to be determined by
adequate material. According to Steullet and Deautier, it comprises the northern
parts of the Province of Buenos Aires (Cape San Antonio) and probably extends
into the plains of Cordoba and Santiago del Estero. Like one from Paraguay
and others from Santa F6, the few examples seen from Brazil (Murungaba, Sao
Paulo) have a practically immaculate belly. No material seen from Province of
Buenos Aires. Dabbene found two adults from Lavalle (Cape San Antonio) to
pertain to the nominate race, while one from Guamini (extreme southwestern
section of Province of Buenos Aires), as recorded by Steullet and Deautier, is said
to be australis.
1 One of these specimens has the belly immaculate, the other shows a tinge
of barring as in the race australis.
3 Buteo fuscescens australis (Swann) is only distinguishable from the nominate
race by haying the belly more or less distinctly barred with blackish. While
these markings vary somewhat individually, I have never seen a Patagonian or
Andean individual with the belly as immaculately white as is the case in birds
from southern Brazil and Santa Fe\ I cannot distinguish the supposedly smaller
northern form (meridensis). Two adult males from the Cordillera of M6rida
have wings of 475 and 483; two adult females measure 520 and 530 mm., being
thus fully as large as southern individuals. Twenty additional specimens, including
eight from central Chile (Cuesta lo Prado, Santiago, Papudo, Batuco), examined.
146 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Hist., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 246, 1930 Cullcui, Maranon River, Peru (crit.);
Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 227, 1931 (range); Hellmayr, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Zool. Ser., 19, p. 278, 1932 Chile (Rio Nirehuau, Llanquihue;
Limache, Valparaiso); Marelli, El Hornero, 5, p. 194, 1933 Fortin Chaco
and Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 38,
p. 140, 1934 El Romeral, Penco, Chile; Reynolds, I.e., 5, p. 347, 1934
Isla de los Conejos, Tierra del Fuego; idem, Ibis, 1935, p. 78 Wollaston,
Freycinet, Hermit, and Bayly Islands, Cape Horn; Steullet and Deautier,
Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 414, 1936 Salta (Quebrada del Zorro,
Rosario), Neuquen (Nahuel Huapi), Rio Negro (Pichy Limay), Chubut
(Rio Deseado, Choiquenilahue, Colonia), and Santa Cruz (Cerro Dorotea,
Bahfa del Fondo) (crit.; range); Housse, Ann. Sci. Nat. Paris, (10), 20,
p. 93, 1937 Chile (range; habits).
Haliaetus melanoleucus (not Buteo melanoleucus Vieillot) d'Orbigny, Voy.
Amer. Merid., Ois., p. 76, 1835 part, Chile and Patagonia (= Carmen
de Patagones, Buenos Aires); Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av., 1,
in Mag. Zool., 7, el. 2, p. 177, 1837 part, Chile and Patagonia; Burmeister,
Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 54, 1855 part, Chile (descr.); idem, Reise
La Plata St., 2, p. 435, 1861 part, Tucuman and (?)Rio Cuarto,
Cordoba; C. Burmeister, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 3, p. 315, 1889
Rios Chico and Senguer, Chubut.
Haliaetus aguia (not Falco aguia Temminck) Fraser, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
11, p. 108, 1843 woods and mountainous parts of Chile (habits); Yarrell,
I.e., 15, p. 52, 1847 Chile (eggs); Bibra, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl.
Akad. Wiss. Wien, 5, (2), p. 128, 1853 near Valparaiso, Chile.
Buteo aguya Tschudi, Arch. Naturg., 10, (1), p. 264, 1844 Peru; idem,
Unters. Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 89, 1846 Hacienda Pacchapata, Vitoc,
Peru.
Pontoaetus melanoleucus Des Murs, in Gay, Hist. Ffs. Pol. Chile, Zool., 1,
p. 221, 1847 Chile; Boeck, Naumannia, 1855, p. 497 Valdivia, Chile;
Cassin, in Gilliss, U. S. Astr. Exp., 2, p. 175, 1855 mountains of Chile;
Germain, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 7, p. 309, 1861 Santiago, Chile (nest-
ing habits); Philippi, Anal. Univ. Chile, 31, p. 244, 1868 Chile; Lataste,
Extr. Proc.-Verb. Seances Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, 1923, p. 167 Cerro de
San Cristobal, Chile.
Asturina mekmoleuca Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 5, 1862 part,
No. 7, Quito, Ecuador.
Geranoaetus melanoleucus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 23, p. 134, 1855
Bogota; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 13, pp. 592, 631, 1863
part, Chile; idem, Reise Novara, Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 7, 1865 Chile (crit.);
Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, pp. 329, 338 Chile; idem and
Salvin, I.e., 1869, p. 155 Tungasuca, Peru; iidem, Ibis, 1869, p. 284
Cape Negro, Str. of Magellan; Hudson, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872,
pp. 536, 539 Rio Negro; Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Geol. Geogr. Surv. Terr.,
2, No. 2, p. 131, 1876 part, Chile (Santiago) and Colombia (Bogota)
(monog.); Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 49, p. 558, 1877 Banos de Cauquenes,
Colchagua, Chile; Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 38 Chubut Valley (habits);
idem, Ibis, 1878, p. 397 Tambo Point, Chubut; Sclater and Salvin, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1878, p. 434 Elizabeth Island, Straits of Magellan;
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 147
iidem, I.e., 1879, p. 540 Antioquia, Colombia; Doering, in Roca, Inf.
Ofic. Exp. Rio Negro, Zool., p. 51, 1881 part, Valley of the Rio Negro;
Taczanowski, Orn. Pe>., 3, p. 124, 1884 Peru (Lima, Ayacucho, Chan-
chamayo, Pumamarca, Nancho, Tumbez, Tambillo, Cutervo, Chacha-
poyas) ; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 64, 1889 (in part) ; Ridgway,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 12, "1889," p. 136, 1890 Elizabeth Island,
Straits of Magellan; Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 sierras of
Cordoba; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1892, p. 388
Lima, Peru; Koslowsky, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 6, p. 285, 1895 Chilecito,
La Rioja; Reed, Anal. Univ. Chile, 93, p. 205, 1896 Chile; Schalow,
Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.), Suppl., 4, p. 695, 1898 Coquimbo (Ovalle, La
Serena) and Tierra del Fuego (Cape Espirito Santo) ; Salvadori and Festa,
Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 30, 1900 La Concepcion (Chota),
Chaupi, and Cuenca, Ecuador; Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat.
Genova, 40, p. 614, 1900 Santa Cruz, Patagonia; Albert, Anal. Univ.
Chile, 108, p. 273, 1901 Cordilleras of Chile and Magallanes (descr.);
Goodfellow, Ibis, 1902, p. 222 Santa Carolina marshes, near Quito,
Ecuador; Lillo, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 204, 1902 Taff
Viejo and Concepcion, Tucuman; Dabbene, I.e., p. 355, 1902 Tierra del
Fuego; Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1902, (2), p.
42 Maraynioc, Peru; Bruch, Rev. Mus. La Plata, 11, p. 251, 1904
Oran, Salta; Lillo, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905 Taff
Viejo and Concepcion, Tucuman; Crawshay, Bds. Tierra del Fuego, p. 15,
col. pi., 1907 Rio McClelland Settlement, Tierra del Fuego; Hartert
and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239, 1909 part, Tucuman; Dabbene,
Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 243, 1910 (in part); Reed, Av.
Prov. Mendoza, p. 21, 1916 Precordillera of Mendoza; Sanzin, El
Hornero, 1, p. 149, 1918 Cordillera of Mendoza; Swann, Syn. List Accip.,
p. 40, 1919 (in part); Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 24, p. 48, 1920
Nilahue, Curico, Chile; idem, I.e., 25, p. 176, 1921 Los Andes and Valle
de los Leones, Aconcagua, Chile; Swann, Auk, 38, p. 359, 1921 Culata,
Escorial, Paramo Morro, and Nevados, Me>ida, Venezuela (crit.); Hell-
mayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 177, 1921 Patagonia; Lonnberg and Rendahl,
Ark. Zool., 14, No. 25, p. 36, 1922 La Carolina, Pichincha, Tucubamba
(south of Quito), Chaupicruz, Mount Corazon, San Bartolo, and Cotocallo,
Ecuador; Barros, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 28, p. 32, 1924 Cerro de San
Bernardo, Santiago; Housse, I.e., 29, p. 141, 1925 San Bernardo, San-
tiago; Reed, I.e., p. 189, 1925 Donihue, O'Higgins, Chile; Wetmore,
Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool., 24, p. 423, 1926 Huanuluan, Rio Negro (crit.);
idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 133, p. Ill, 1926 near City of Mendoza
and above Taff Viejo, Tucuman; Jaffuel and Piri6n, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat.,
31, p. 103, 1927 Marga-Marga Valley, Valparaiso, Chile; Budin, El
Hornero, 4, p. 406, 1931 Sierras del Zenta, Jujuy; Castellanos, I.e., 5,
p. 9, 1932 Valle de los Reartes, C6rdoba; Dugand, Rev. Acad. Colomb.
Cienc., Bogota, 4, p. 399, 1941 Colombia.
Geranoaetus aguia Taczanowski, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1874, p. 550 Amable
Maria, Peru; idem, I.e., 1877, p. 745 Tumbez, Peru.
Buteo melanoleucus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 168, 1874 part, Rio
Negro and Chile; Oustalet, Miss. Sci. Cap Horn, 6, p. B.35, 1891 Santa
Cruz, Salinas, and Punta Delgada, Patagonia; Hartert, Nov. Zool., 5,
148 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
p. 501, 1898 Paramba and Ibarra, Ecuador; Gosse, in Fitz Gerald, The
Highest Andes, p. 343, 1899 Puente del Inca, Mendoza; Scott and
Sharpe, Rep. Univ. Princet. Exp. Patag., 2, Orn., p. 623, 1915 Holliday's
Ranch and Coy Inlet, Santa Cruz; Chubb, Ibis, 1919, p. 281 Sinche,
Guaranda, Ecuador; Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 226,
1926 Huigra and near Quito, Ecuador; Berlioz, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat.,
Paris, (2), 4, p. 236, 1932 Cerro Guamanf, Ecuador.
Spiziastur melanoleucus (errore) Chapman, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 117, p. 60,
1921 Tungasuca, Peru (ex Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
1869, p. 155).
Geranoaelus melanoleucus meridensis Swann, Syn. Accip., Part 2, p. 68, Jan. 2,
1922 Nevados, Me"rida, Venezuela (type in coll. of H. K. Swann, now in
Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Monog. Bds.
Prey, 1, p. 348, 1926 Venezuela to Ecuador (monog.); Peters, Bds.
World, 1, p. 227, 1931 (range).
Buteo melanoleucus australis Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 95, p. 176, 1943 Padilla and Tutimayo, Bolivia.
Geranoaetus melanoleucos meridensis Lehmann, Rev. Univ. Cauca, 6, pi.,
p. 88, 1945 Purace and Quintana, Cauca, Colombia.
Range. Temperate zone of western and southern South America,
from the Andes of extreme western Venezuela (Cordillera of MeYida)
and Colombia through Ecuador, Peru, western Bolivia, western
Argentina, and Chile south to Tierra del Fuego, extending in Pata-
gonia north to the southern confines of Buenos Aires Province.
Field Museum Collection. 13: Colombia, Cauca (Purace, 2;
Popayan, 1); Ecuador (Llanganate, Tunguragua, 1; Valle Guaylla-
bamba, Pichincha, 1; Volcan Cotopaxi, 1; Cayambe, Pichincha, 2;
Bocas del Itulcache, Napo Pastaza, 1); Peru (Cullcui, Rio Maranon,
Huanuco, 1); Argentina (Aconquija, Tucuman, 1); Chile (Hacienda
Limache, Aconcagua, 1; Rio Nirehuau, Aysen, 1).
*Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus Vieillot. WHITE-TAILED
HAWK.
Buteo albicaudatus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 4, p. 477, 1816
'TAmerique meridionale"; 1 idem, Tabl. Enc. Meth., Orn., livr. 93, p.
1223, 1823; Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 87, 1850 (crit.; type
not in Paris Museum); Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 71 (crit.); Durnford, Ibis,
1877, p. 187 Province of Buenos Aires; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn., 35,
p. 27, 1887 Lambare', Paraguay; Withington, Ibis, 1888, p. 469 Lomas
de Zamora, Buenos Aires; Sclater and Hudson, Arg. Orn., 2, p. 61, 1889
Argentina (habits); Frenzel, Journ. Orn., 39, p. 114, 1891 Cordoba;
Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 142, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso
(plumages); Hartert and Venturi, Nov. Zool., 16, p. 239, 1909 Mocovf
1 Rio de Janeiro suggested as type locality by Berlepsch (Nov. Zool., 15,
p. 291, 1908).
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 149
and Ceres, Santa F6; Gibson, Ibis, 1919, p. 507 Cape San Antonio,
Buenos Aires.
Spizaetus leucurus Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. Hist. Nat., nouv. &L, 32, p. 58, 1819
based on "Aguila coliblanca" Azara, No. 10, Paraguay (not farther south
than 29 Lat. S.).
Falco pterocles Temminck, Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., livr. 10, pis. 56 (adult), 139
(young), May, 1821 Brazil (type in Paris Museum); Lesson, Man.
d'Orn., 1, p. 103, 1828 Brazil.
Buteo albicauda Lesson, Trait d'Orn., livr. 2, p. 81, pi. 15, fig. 2, May, 1830
Brazil; 1 Pucheran, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 214, 1850 (crit.).
Buteo pterocles Lesson, Traite" d'Orn., livr. 1, p. 80, Feb., 1830 Brazil (Tem-
minck's type, collected by A. de Saint-Hilaire, in Paris Museum) ; Cabanis,
in Tschudi, Faun. Peru., Orn., p. 92 (note), 1846 Sao Paulo (descr. of
dusky variety); Kaup, Isis, 1847, col. 328 Brazil (crit.); Burmeister, Syst.
Uebers. Th. Bras., 2, p. 49, 1855 Brazil; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas,
Buteones, p. 13, 1862 part, Nos. 2-4, Brazil; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot.
Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 142, 185, 1862 part, Sao Paulo (Goyao, near Mugy
das Cruzes; Ypanema; Sao Paulo; Delgado; Murungaba; Irisanga; Rio
Parana) and Matto Grosso (Rio das Flechas, [Villa Bella de] Matto Grosso) ;
idem, I.e., 15, p. 937, 1865 Itarare" and Rio Parana (Sao Paulo), and Rio
das Flechas (Matto Grosso) (melanism); idem, Reise Novara, Zool., 1,
Vogel, pp. 16, 19, 1865 same localities (melanism); idem, Orn. Bras., 1,
p. 3, 1868 part, Sao Paulo and Matto Grosso localities (as above); Rein-
hardt, Vidensk. Medd. Naturhist. Foren., 1870, p. 72 Goyaz (Capaosinho)
and Minas Geraes (Ribeirao da Tolda, Lagoa Santa); Durnford, Ibis, 1876,
p. 161 near Chirilcay, Buenos Aires; Doering, in Roca, Inf. Ofic. Exp.
Rio Negro, Zool., p. 51, 1881 Valley of the Rio Negro (near Choele-
Choel, Chinchinal, etc.); White, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1882, p. 622
Monte Grande, Buenos Aires; Barrows, Auk, 1, p. 109, 1884 Arroyo
Gualeguaychu, Entre Rfos.
Hypomorphnus leucurus Lafresnaye, Rev. Mag. Zool., (2), 2, p. 388, 1849
(in part).
Buteo (Craxirex) albicaudatus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875,
p. 98 (in part).
Tachytriorchis albicaudatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 162, 1874
part, eastern and central Brazil; Ihering, Rev. Mus. Paul., 3, p. 352,
1899 Sao Paulo; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 89, 1907 Sao Paulo
(Avanhandava) and Rio Grande do Sul (Sao Lourenco); Lillo, Anal.
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 8, p. 203, 1902 Rio Salf and Cuesta de Mala-
mala, Tucuman; idem, Rev. Letr. Cienc. Soc., 3, No. 13, p. 62, 1905
same localities; Dabbene, Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, 18, p. 243,
1910 (range in Argentina); Bertoni, Faun. Parag., p. 43, 1914 Alto
Parana, Paraguay; Scott and Sharpe, Rep. Princet. Univ. Exp. Patag.,
2, Orn., p. 616, 1915 Rio Negro, Patagonia; Arribalzaga, El Hornero, 2,
1 While Lesson's description ("te"te roussatre, flamm6e de brun; poitrine
blanchStre, flammed de roux; ventre et cuisses d'un roux vif") is altogether faulty,
the figure unquestionably represents the adult stage of the present species, as
has been justly remarked by Pucheran.
150 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
p. 92, 1920 Chaco; Marelli, Mem. Min. Obr. Publ. for 1922-23, p. 629,
1924 Prov. Buenos Aires; Wilson, El Hornero, 3, p. 356, 1926 Venado
Tuerto, Santa Fe"; Bertoni, I.e., p. 398, 1926 Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay;
Zotta, I.e., 4, p. 424, 1931 Martin Coronado, Buenos Aires.
Buteo hypospodius (not of Gurney) Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 89, 1907
part, Brazil; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, 1919 part, Brazil; idem,
Syn. Accip., p. 84, 1922 part, Brazil.
Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 52, 1919 "Chile"
and Argentina; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 86, 1922 Bahia to Paraguay,
Uruguay, Argentina, and "Chile"; Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, pp. 312,
317, 318, 1925 (crit.; meas.; range); Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 417,
1928 (monog.; excl. of Chile); Naumburg, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 60,
p. 106, 1930 Matto Grosso; Laubmann, Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco
Exp., Vogel, p. 108, 1930 Mission Tacaagle and Yunca Viejo, Formosa
(crit.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 229, 1931 (range); Laubmann, Verh.
Orn. Ges. Bay., 20, p. 294, 1934 Estancia La Geraldina, Santa F6;
Steullet and Deautier, Obr. Cine. Mus. La Plata, 1, p. 427, 1936 Girardet,
Santiago del Estero (crit.; range); Bond and de Schauensee, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 95, p. 176, 1943 Padilla, Bolivia.
[Buteo albicaudatus] mut. aethiops (not Buteo (Asturina) aethiops Philippi)
Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 72, p. 442 (footnote), 1924 Sao Paulo, Brazil
(descr. of the brownish black mutation).
Range. Southern Brazil, from Matto Grosso, Goyaz, and Bahia
south to Rio Grande do Sul; eastern Bolivia; Paraguay; Uruguay;
Argentina from Tucuman, Santiago del Estero, and Formosa south
through Santa FC", Cordoba, Entre Rios, and Buenos Aires to the
Rio Negro. 1
Field Museum Collection. 8: Bolivia, Santa Cruz (Montero, 1;
Warnes, 1); Paraguay, Chaco (195-265 km. west of Puerto Ca-
sado, 6).
1 Birds from Argentina agree well with those from Brazil. Characteristic of
the nominate race are the rather large size and the very dark, fuscous to blackish
coloration of the head, mantle, and wings. Occasional individuals such as an
adult male from Itarare", Sao Paulo, and another from Villa Bella de Matto Grosso,
however, are not nearly so dark, and by a grayish (or slaty) tinge to the upper
plumage betray a certain tendency toward the northern form (colonus). The
throat is generally wholly blackish, but in the Matto Grosso bird it is gray mixed
with white, and in the Itarar6 specimen entirely white as in many Texan examples
of Sennett's Hawk. Melanistic individuals (mut. aethiops Stresemann) are not
infrequent in Brazil, and a male secured by Natterer on the Rio Parana, Sao
Paulo, on May 7, 1823 described by Pelzeln in 1865 -save for lacking the rufous
touch on the scapulars and the whitish bars on thighs and middle abdomen, in
its uniform neutral gray color is an exact duplicate of the type of B. hypospodius.
The male from Villa Bella de Matto Grosso is hardly larger than B. a. colonus, of
northern South America.
Wing measurements. Adult males: Itarare", 410, 430; Rio Parana, Sao Paulo,
410; Rio das Fleches, Matto Grosso, 410; Villa Bella, Matto Grosso, 400; Mocovi,
Santa F6, 425. Adult females: Sao Paulo (Ypanema, Murungaba, Itarare,
Goyaz), 440, 445, 455, 460; Tapia, Tucuman, 445; Tacaagle, Formosa, 445.
Twenty specimens examined.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 151
*Buteo albicaudatus colonus Berlepsch. 1 GUIANAN WHITE-
TAILED HAWK.
Buteo albicaudatus colonus Berlepsch, Journ. Orn. f 40, p. 91, 1892 St. Chris-
toffle, Curacao Island (descr. of melanistic young; type in coll. of H. von
Berlepsch, now in Frankfort Museum, examined); Hartert, Ibis, 1893,
pp. 304, 321, 332 Aruba, Curacao, and Bonaire (crit.); idem, Nov. Zool.,
9, p. 304, 1902 same localities; Cory, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser.,
1, pp. 198, 205, 210, 253, 1909 same localities; Swann, Syn. List Accip.,
p. 53, 1919 same localities; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 87, 1922 same localities;
Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, pp. 317, 318, 1925 Guiana to Venezuela,
Trinidad, Dutch West Indies, and eastern Colombia (crit.; meas.); Peters,
Bds. World, 1, p. 228, 1931 (range); Roberts, Trop. Agric., 11, p. 89,
1934 Trinidad; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 591 Mount Hope,
Trinidad (nest and eggs); Brodkorb, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich.,
349, p. 6, 1937 Arary, Maraj6; Gilliard, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 77,
p. 458, 1941 Mount Auyan-Tepui, Venezuela; Lehmann, Rev. Univ.
Cauca, 6, p. 99, 1945 part, Venezuela (disc.).
Buteo pterodes (not Falco pterocks Temminck) Cabanis, in Schomburgk,
Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848," p. 739, 1849 savanna of British Guiana;
Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteones, p. 13, 1862 part, No. 1, Surinam;
Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 142, 185, 1862 part, Forte
do Rio Branco; idem, Orn. Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 part, Forte do Rio Branco,
Brazil.
Tachytriorchis albicaudatus (not Buteo albicaudatus Vieillot) Sharpe, Cat. Bds.
Brit. Mus., 1, p. 162, 1874 part, spec, e, g, Caracas and Demerara (spec,
examined); Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 130, 1914 Maraj6, Brazil;
Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 231, 1916 Roraima; Young, Ibis, 1929,
p. 7 coastland of British Guiana.
Buteo (Craxirex) albicaudatus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875,
p. 98 (monog.; in part).
Buteo hypospodius Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p. 73 part, River Amazonas; Ihering,
Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 89, 1907 part, Amazonas; Swann, Syn. List
1 Buteo albicaudatus colonus Berlepsch: Similar to the nominate race, but
smaller, and coloration of head, mantle, and wings in normal plumage decidedly
lighter, neutral gray to dark neutral gray. Wing, (males) 375-400, (females)
425-440 (in one Quonga specimen 452).
We have, of course, not been able to compare adult birds from Curacao,
which do not exist in collections, but as there is no material difference between
specimens from Marajo, British Guiana, Margarita Island, and M6rida, the
probability of there being a local insular form on the Dutch West Indian islands
seems hardly likely. The color of the throat varies as in the other races. It is
wholly white in two from Forte do Sao Joaquim (Rio Branco) and three from
British Guiana (Annai; Quonga; unspecified); white streaked with gray in one
from Annai and one from Margarita Island; wholly deep neutral gray in one from
Quonga; nearly blackish in two from Trinidad. The two specimens recorded by
Salvin and Chubb as B. unicolor are in the blackish brown melanistic phase (mut.
aethiops Stresemann) and are hardly distinguishable except by smaller size
from certain individuals obtained by Natterer in southern Brazil.
Additional material examined. Trinidad: Chaguanas, 1; Port of Spain, 1.
British Guiana: Annai, 3; Quonga, 2; Roraima, 2; Merume' Mountains, 1; Deme-
rara, 1; unspecified, 1. Brazil: Forte do Sao Joaquim, Rio Branco, 2; Maraj6,
2. Curacao, 2.
152 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Accip., p. 51, 1919 part, Amazonia; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 84, 1922
part, Amazonia; Delacour, Ibis, 1923, p. 145 llanos of Guarico, Venezuela.
Buteo albicaudatus Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 74 Roraima; Berlepsch, Journ. Orn.,
48, p. 89, 1892 Curasao (crit.); Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 18, p. 661, 1896 Margarita Island; Clark, Auk, 19, p. 261,
1902 west of Porlamar and El Valle, Margarita Island; Berlepsch, Nov.
Zool., 15, p. 291, 1908 (no record from Cayenne); Cory, Field Mus. Nat.
Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, pp. 241, 253, 1909 Margarita Island.
Buteo unicolor (not of Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny) Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 72
Merum6 Mountains and Roraima, British Guiana; Chubb, Bds. Brit.
Guiana, 1, p. 233, 1916 same localities (spec, examined).
Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 46, 1906
Chaguanas and Port of Spain, Trinidad.
Tachytriorchis albicaudatus exiguus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 34,
p. 637, Dec. 30, 1915 Barrigon, Rio Meta, eastern Colombia (descr. of
normal phase of adult; type in the American Museum of Natural History,
New York); idem, I.e., 36, p. 242, 1917 Barrigon.
Tachytriorchis albicaudatus colonus Cherrie, Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2,
p. 343, 1916 Maripa [Caura], Venezuela.
Buteo albicaudatus exiguus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 52, 1919 Colombia
and Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 87, 1922 Colombia and Venezuela;
Lehmann, Rev. Univ. Cauca, 6, p. 105, pi., 1945 Llanos del Meta,
Colombia (dist. chars.).
Buteo albicaudatus sennetti (not of Allen) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 86, 1922
part, Venezuela and Amazon Valley.
Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 419, 1928
(monog.).
Range. Tropical zone of eastern Colombia (Rio Meta) and across
Venezuela (excepting MeYida region) to Surinam, south to the island
of Marajo, in the estuary of the Amazon, Brazil; also islands of
Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, and Trinidad.
Field Museum Collection. 7: Colombia (Villavicencio, Meta, 1);
Venezuela (La Asuncion, Margarita Island, 1); British Guiana
(Georgetown, 1; Buxton, 3); Brazil (Boa Vista, Rio Branco,
Amazonas, 1).
*Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius Gurney. 1 SENNETT'S WHITE-
TAILED HAWK.
Buteo hypospodius Gurney, Ibis, (3), 6, p. 73, pi. 3, Jan., 1876 part, Co-
lombia (Medellin) and Venezuela (Me"rida) (type, from Medellin, in
Salvin-Godman Collection, now in the British Museum, examined);
1 Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius Gurney: Similar to B. a. colonus in grayish
tone of upper plumage, but fully as large as the nominate race. Wing, (males)
410-430, (females) 435-455.
The dorsal surface in the normal, white-bellied plumage varies, rrespectiye
of locality, from neutral gray to dark neutral gray. The color of the throat is
likewise variable. Among six adults from Corpus Christi, Texas, three have a
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 153
Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 540 Medellin,
Colombia; Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, 1919 part, Colombia and
Venezuela; idem, Syn. Accip., p. 84, 1922 part, Colombia and Venezuela.
Buteo erylhronotus (not of King) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 25, p. 211,
1857 Orizaba, Mexico; idem, I.e., 27, pp. 368, 389, 1859 Jalapa, Vera
Cruz, and Talea, Oaxaca, Mexico; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1860, p. 401
near Antigua, Guatemala; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9,
p. 133, 1868 San Jos6 and San Antonio, Costa Rica; idem, I.e., p. 207,
1869 Me>ida, Yucatan; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1889 Costa
Rica.
Buteo albonolatus (not of Kaup) Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 217
south slope of Cordillera of Guatemala.
Buteo pterocles (not Falco pterocles Temminck) Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas,
Buteones, p. 13, 1862 part, spec. No. 5, Mexico; Pelzeln, Reise Novara,
Zool., 1, Vogel, p. 16, 1865 part, Mexico (melan.); Sclater and Salvin,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 782 Andes of MSrida, Venezuela (spec,
examined); Lawrence, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 41, 1876 Tapana,
Tehuantepec, Mexico.
Tachytriorchis pterocles Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 210, 1869 Costa Rica
(crit.).
Buteo albicaudatus (not of Vieillot) Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p.
275 CaloveVora and Chitra, Veraguas (spec, examined); Merrill, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 1, p. 154, 1878 Fort Brown, Texas, and Mexico (Colima,
City of Mexico, Tehuantepec) (descr.; nest and eggs); Sennett, Bull.
U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 5, No. 3, p. 420, 1879 lower Rio Grande
Valley, Texas (nest and eggs descr.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1879, p. 540 Santa Elena and Rio Negro, Antioquia, Colombia;
Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 167, 1886 Jalapa, Vera Cruz;
Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 234, pi. 7, figs. 8, 9 (eggs), 1892
Gulf coast and lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas (habits) ; Salvin and God-
man, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 58, 1900 part, Texas (lower Rio
Grande Valley), Mexico (Zacatecas, Jalapa, Mirador, Orizaba, Talea,
Puebla, Tehuantepec, Tapana, Tonala, Cacoprieto, Me>ida), Guatemala
(Antigua, Duenas, El Baoul, San Geronimo), Costa Rica (San Jos6, San
Antonio), and Panama (CaloveVora, Chitra).
Tachytriorchis albicaudatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 162, 1874
part, southern Mexico and Central America; Sumichrast, La Naturaleza,
5, p. 236, 1881 Mexican localities.
wholly white throat, in one it is entirely blackish, and in two others white streaked
with dusky. Two from Antioquia (Santa Elena and Concordia) and one from
Oaxaca (Cacoprieto) have the throat dark gray suffused with white medially;
one from Mexico (Zacatecas) and one from Veraguas (CaloveVora), plain neutral
gray; one from San Ger6nimo, Guatemala, wholly white.
B. hypospodius was based upon melanistic individuals (in nearly uniform
neutral gray plumage) from Antioquia (Medellin) and Venezuela (low wooded
region of Merida). This mutation has not yet been recorded from either Texas
or Central America.
Additional material examined. Texas: Corpus Christi, 10. Mexico: Zacatecas,
1; Cacoprieto, Oaxaca, 1; unspecified, 2. Guatemala: San Geronimo, 1; Dueflas,
1. Panama: Calovevora, Veraguas, 1. Colombia: Santa Elena, 1; Concordia,
1; Medellin, 2; Rio Negro, 1. Venezuela, M6rida: lower wooded region of M6rida,
1;E1 Valle, 1; Muenraba, 1.
154 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Buteo (Craxirex) albicaudatus Ridgway, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1875,
p 98 part, Central America (Mirador, Colima, City of Mexico, Tehuan-
tepec, etc.).
Buteo albicaudatus sennetti Allen, Bull Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 144, July 19,
1893 lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas (type in the American Museum
of Natural History, New York) ; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 456,
1910 Costa Rica (San Jose 1 , Cerro de Santa Maria, Laguna de Ochomogo) ;
Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911 Altamira and Matamoros, Tamaulipas;
Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 52, 1919 (range in part); idem, Syn. Accip.,
p. 86, 1922 part, Texas to Colombia; Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, p.
312, 1925 (melanism in Colombia and Me>ida) ; Griscom and Crosby, Auk,
42, p. 535, 1925 Brownsville, Texas; Friedmann, I.e., p. 545, 1925
Brownsville, Texas; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 418, pis. [23] and
[33], fig. 8 (nest and eggs), 1928 Texas to Colombia (monog.); Griscom,
Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 64, p. 152, 1932 Progreso, Guatemala.
Buteo albicaudatus exiguus (not of Chapman) Swann, Auk, 38, p. 361, 1921
Montanas Morro, M6rida, Venezuela.
Buteo albicaudatus subsp. Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 150,
1922 Bonda, Santa Marta, Colombia (crit.).
Buteo albicaudatus hypospodius Stresemann, Journ. Orn., 73, pp. 317, 318,
1925 Texas to Colombia and Venezuela (Me>ida) (meas.); Peters, Bds.
World, 1, p. 228, 1931 (range); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75,
p. 373, 1934 Chilpancingo, Guerrero; idem, I.e., 78, p. 298, 1935 Vera-
guas; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 216, 1937 (life hist.); Lehmann,
Rev. Univ. Cauca, 6, p. 94, 1945 Cauca, Tolima, and Sierra de Perija,
Magdalena (pis.).
Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p.
226, 1926 part, San Pedro, Antioquia, Colombia (crit.).
Buteo albicaudatus colonus (not of Berlepsch) Lehmann, Rev. Univ. Cauca,
6, p. 99, 1945 part, Santa Marta and La Guajira, Colombia.
Range. Southern Texas and southward through Mexico, Guate-
mala, Costa Rica, and Panama to northern Colombia (Santa Elena,
Rio Negro, Medellin, and San Pedro, Antioquia; Bonda, Santa
Marta region) and western Venezuela (Cordillera of Me"rida).
Field Museum Collection. 19: Texas (Laredo, 1; Rockport, 1;
Fancher, Baylor County, 1; Nueces County, 2; Cameron County, 5;
Brownsville, 7); Mexico (Alamos, Tres Marias, Sonora, 1); Hon-
duras (Rio Guanaca, Colon, 1).
*Buteo albonotatus Kaup. ZONE-TAILED HAWK.
[Buteo] albonotatus (G. R. Gray) 1 Kaup, Isis, 1847, Heft 5, col. 329, May,
1847 no locality given= Mexico (type in British Museum examined);
idem, I.e., Heft 12, col. 954 (corr.).
1 Buteo albonotatus G. R. Gray (List Spec. Bds. Brit. Mus., Part 1, Accipitres,
p. 17, 1844 Mexico) is a nomen nudum.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 155
Buteo albonotatus Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850, p. 74 "South America"= Mexico
(diag.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 28, p. 253, 1860 vicinity of
Orizaba, Mexico; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368, 1869 San Antonio,
Costa Rica; Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 302, 1874 Mazatlan,
Mexico; van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 429, 1934 Alamos,
Hacienda de San Rafael, and Oposura, Sonora; idem, Trans. San Diego Soc.
N. H., 8, p. 127, 1936 Arivaca and Baboquivaris, Sonora (breeding);
Van Tyne and Sutton, Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 37, p. 22,
1937 Hot Springs and west of Boquillos, Brewster County, Texas (crit.);
Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 212, 1937 (life hist.; range).
Buteo abbreviatus Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848,"
p. 739, 1849 upper Pomeroon River, British Guiana (type in Berlin
Museum); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, p. 348 near the gates
of Lima, Peru (Sept., 1862); Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. CL, 8, p. 30,
1883 Tucson, Arizona; Mearns, Auk, 3, p. 63, 1886 New River and
Verde River, Arizona (descr. of plumages; habits); Salvin, Ibis, 1886,
p. 72 British Guiana (ex Cabanis); Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
9, p. 167, 1886 Chietla, Puebla, Mexico (December); Bendire, Life Hist.
N. Amer. Bds., 1, p. 228, pi. 7, fig. 6 (egg), 1892 southwestern United
States (habits); Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 59,
1900 southwestern United States, Mexico (Hermosillo, Sonora; Mazatlan;
Valley of Mexico; Sierra de Valparaiso, Zacatecas; Chietla, Puebla; "Vera
Cruz"=near Orizaba), Guatemala, Costa Rica (San Lucas, La Palma, San
Antonio); Robinson and Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 24, p. 167,
1901 La Guaira, Venezuela; Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 346,
1905 Escuinapa, Sinaloa; Thayer and Bangs, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
46, p. 144, 1905 San Miguel Island, Pearl Archipelago; Carriker, Ann.
Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 456, 1910 Costa Rica (rare migrant); Rendahl,
Ark. Zool., 13, No. 4, p. 19, 1920 San Miguel Island, Panama; Todd
and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 150, 1922 Mamatoco (July 31)
and Bonda (June 23, Sept. 27), Santa Marta, Colombia; Griscom and
Crosby, Auk, 42, p. 535, 1925 Brownsville, Texas; Huey, I.e., 43, p.
353, 1926 Lower California (La Grulla, Sierra San Pedro Martir; El
Rayo, Sierra Juarez; Laguna Hanson); Grinnell, Univ. Calif. Pub. Zool.,
32, p. 109, 1928 Lower California (chiefly in San Pedro Martir region).
Buteo zonocercus Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 26, p. 130, July 12, 1858
Guatemala (type in Norwich Museum); idem, Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
4, (6), p. 263, pi. 59, 1858 Guatemala; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859,
p. 217 southern slope of the Cordillera of Guatemala; Coues, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, p. 46 Gila River, Arizona; L&rtaud, Ois. Trinidad,
p. 9, 1866 Trinidad (rare); Cooper, Geol. Surv. Calif., Orn., 1, p. 479,
1870 thirty miles north of San Diego, California; Brewster, Bull. Nutt.
Orn. CL, 4, p. 80, 1879 Comal County, Texas (nest and eggs descr.);
Stevens, I.e., p. 189, 1879 Gila River, New Mexico (breeding).
Buteo cabanisii Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Buteo nes, p. 11 (note), 1862
Mexico and British Guiana (co types 1 in Berlin Museum).
1 Schomburgk's Guianan specimen is the type of B. abbreviatus Cabanis.
156 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Buteo fuliginosus (not of Sclater) Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9,
p. 133, 1868 La Palma, Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 368,
1869 La Palma.
Tachytriorchis abbreviatus Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 163, 1874
(monog.); Penard, Vog. Guyana, 1, p. 391, 1908 Surinam; Snethlage,
Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 130, 1914 Pacoval, Marajo, Brazil; Chubb, Bds.
Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 232, 1916 upper Pomeroon River; Snethlage, Bol.
Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 2, No. 6, p. 47, 1926 Ceara.
Buteo abbreviatus abbreviatus Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 51, 1919 (range);
idem, Auk, 38, p. 360, 1921 (crit.).
Buteo albonotatus albonotatus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 83, 1922 Mexico to
Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico (chars.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1,
p. 406, 1928 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931 southwestern
United States to Panama; van Rossem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H.,
6, p. 243, 1931 Obregon, Sonora; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H.,
64, p. 153, 1932 Ocos, Guatemala (crit.); idem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
72, p. 313, 1932 Perme, Darien; idem, I.e., 78, p. 298, 1935 Perme;
van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Louisiana State Univ., 21, p. 56,
1945 Sonora (distr.).
Buteo albonotatus abbreviatus Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 83, 1922 Pearl Islands
east to Surinam, south to Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil (chars.); idem, Monog.
Bds. Prey, 1, p. 408, 1928 (monog.); Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 232, 1931
Pearl Islands and northern South America; Belcher and Smooker, Ibis,
1934, p. 591 Trinidad (resident); Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
78, p. 299, 1935 Pearl Islands; Lehmann, Rev. Univ. Cauca, 6, p. 121,
1945 Meta and Morelia, Colombia (disc.).
Range. Breeds from the southwestern United States (south-
western Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and extreme southern Cali-
fornia) south throughout Lower California and Mexico to northern
Nicaragua (teste Griscom) ; also scattered records from Costa Rica,
Panama (San Miguel, Pearl Islands; Perme', Darien), Colombia
(Santa Marta region; Caqueta), western Peru (near Lima), Vene-
zuela (Macuto and La Guaira, near Caracas), British Guiana (upper
Pomeroon River), Surinam, the Island of Trinidad, Brazil (Pacoval,
Marajo Island; Parana), Paraguay and Bolivia. 1
x We do not know on what material Swann based his distinction between
albonotatus and abbreviatus, but as far as color-characters are concerned this
difference is certainly not borne out by the specimens in the British Museum and
others examined. The slaty tone of the plumage, said to be characteristic of the
northern form, is discernible only in a bird from the Sierra de Valparaiso, Zacatecas,
but recurs in a male obtained by W. Nation near the gates of Lima, Peru. The
presence of subterminal white spots in the body plumage is a purely individual
feature. The type of albonotatus, a male from Presidio de Mazatlan, Sinaloa, the
Lima bird, and one from Parana, southern Brazil, are profusely spotted with
white, particularly below; a male from Hermosillo, Sonora, shows numerous spots
on foreneck and chest; one from Mexico has just a few on the outer webs of the
upper tail coverts, while the Zacatecas specimen has none at all. The rectrices
vary but little as to the number and color of the light cross-bands. As to dimen-
sions, there is perhaps a slight average difference in that the birds from the United
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 157
Field Museum Collection. 9: Arizona (Tucson, Pima County, 1;
Baboquivari Valley, Pima County, 2; Camp Lowell, Cochise County,
1; Phoenix, Maricopa County, 1); Texas (Brownsville, 1); Mexico
(Tampico, Tamaulipas, 1); Venezuela (Maracay, Aragua, 1); Para-
guay (195 km. west of Puerto Casado, 1).
*Buteo nitidus plagiatus (Schlegel). MEXICAN GOSHAWK.
Aslurina plagiata Schlegel, 1 Mus. Pays-Bas, 2, Asturinae, p. 1 (note), 1862
Vera Cruz, Mexico (descr. of young; co types in Berlin Museum); Sclater
and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 130 Mexico (Nuevo Leon,
Jalapa, Vera Cruz), Guatemala, and Costa Rica (monog.); iidem, Exot.
Orn., p. 170, pi. 90 (adult and young), 1869 Mexico, Guatemala (Vera
Paz, San Geronimo), and Costa Rica (La Barranca, Pacific coast); Salvin,
Ibis, 1869, p. 317 Costa Rica; idem, Ibis, 1870, p. 114 Costa Rica
(crit.); Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 838 San
Pedro, Honduras; Finsch, Abhandl. Naturw. Ver. Bremen, 2, p. 325,
1870 Mazatlan, Sinaloa (crit.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 204,
1874 (monog.); Lawrence, Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H., 2, p. 298, 1874
Mazatlan; idem, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 4, p. 38, 1876 Tehuantepec
(Chihuitan, Santa Efigenia, Tehuantepec City); Nutting, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 5, p. 403, 1882 La Palma de Nicoya, Costa Rica; idem, I.e.,
6, p. 377, 1883 San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua; Boucard, Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond., 1883, p. 456 Yok-satz, Yucatan; Nutting, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
6, p. 388, 1884 Sucuya, Nicaragua; Scott, Auk, 3, p. 423, 1886 near
Tucson, Arizona; Ferrari-Perez, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 9, p. 166, 1886
Jalapa and Plan del Rio, Vera Cruz; Zeledon, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica,
1, p. 126, 1887 Acajutla, Salvador, and San Mateo, Costa Rica; Salvin,
Ibis, 1889, p. 374 Ruatan Island; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1890, p. 205 Tunkas, Yucatan; Bendire, Life Hist. N. Amer. Bds., 1,
p. 251, 1892 southern Arizona and New Mexico (habits); Allen, Bull.
States and Central America are larger, but the material from South America is
altogether inadequate, and a female from Bolivia (Prov. del Sara) is larger than
any other we have seen! Besides, it appears that at least some of the individuals
taken in South America are merely migrants from the north, and aside from the
dates of certain Santa Marta records (Mamatoco, July 31; Bonda, June 23),
which might refer to breeding birds, there does not exist any absolutely con-
clusive proof for the nesting of this buzzard anywhere east of the Andes. Schom-
burgk's note on its breeding in British Guiana was based on hearsay, and what
the Penards say about Surinam is not very definite either. The two eggs taken
near Diego Martin, Trinidad, on March 2, 1927, by Belcher and Smooker were
"believed to be of this species," so the identity of the breeding birds was evidently
not ascertained beyond doubt.
Wing measurements (adults). Males: Arizona, 397; Sonora (Hermosillo), 395;
Sinaloa (Presidio de Mazatlan), 390; Honduras (Santa Ana), 405; Surinam, 385;
Lima, Peru, 386; Parana, Brazil, 375. Females: Arizona (four), 410-430; Zacatecas
(Sierra de Valparaiso), 415; Bolivia (Prov. del Sara), 460.
Van Tyne and Button give the wing of a male from Brewster County, Texas,
as 384, that of a female from the same locality as 431 mm.
1 Buteo plagiatus Lichtenstein (Nomencl. Av. Mus. Zool. Berol., p. 3, 1854
Mexico) is a nomen nudum.
158 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Amer. Mus. N. H., 5, p. 34, 1893 Fronteras and Oputo, Sonora; Lantz,
Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 16, p. 219, 1899 Naranjo, Guatemala; Salvin
and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Aves, 3, p. 74, 1900 Mexico to Costa
Rica; Miller, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 21, p. 345, 1905 Escuinapa and
Papachal, Sinaloa; idem, I.e., 22, p. 163, 1906 La Ci&iaga, Durango;
Cole, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50, p. 121, 1906 Chichen Itza, Yucatan;
Bailey, Auk, 23, p. 386, 1906 San Bias, Tepic (breeding); Dearborn,
Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Orn. Ser., 1, p. 82, 1907 Gualan and Patulul,
Guatemala; Visher, Auk, 27, p. 281, 1910 Pima County, Arizona (breed-
ing); Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 6, p. 459, 1910 Santo Domingo,
Bolson, and Bebedero, Costa Rica; Phillips, Auk, 28, p. 73, 1911
Altamira, Rio Martinez, Santa Leonor, and Rio Cruz, Tamaulipas;
Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 (chars.; range); Rendahl, Ark. Zool.,
12, No. 8, p. 9, 1919 Zapatera, Nicaragua.
Asturina nitida (not Falco nitidus Latham) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
25, pp. 201, 227, 1857 Jalapa and Santecomapam, Vera Cruz; Baird,
Rep. Expl. & Surv. Pacif. R. R. f 9, p. 35, 1858 Nuevo Le6n, Mexico;
Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 27, pp. 368, 389, 1859 vicinity of Jalapa,
Talea, and Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz; Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p.
217 hot country of both coasts of Guatemala; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 225
Comayagua and Tigre Island, Honduras; Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 68 San
Geronimo, Guatemala (eggs descr.); Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864,
p. 178 vicinity of Mexico City; Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 204 Guatemala;
Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 9, p. 133, 1868 Gulf of Nicoya,
Costa Rica; Frantzius, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 369, 1869 Costa Rica.
Morphnus schistaceus (not Asturina schistacea Sundevall) Sclater, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 25, p. 227, 1857 Santecomapam, Vera Cruz.
Urubitinga ? Sclater and Salvin, Ibis, 1859, p. 216 Guatemala (cf.
Salvin, Ibis, 1866, p. 204).
Asturina polionota (not of Kaup, 1847) Cabanis, Journ. Orn., 17, p. 208,
1869 Costa Rica (descr. of adult; type in Berlin Museum).
Asturina nitida plagata Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl., 8, p. 31, 1883 Tucson,
Arizona (nest and eggs descr.).
Asturina plagiata micrus Miller and Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 25, p. 4,
Dec. 7, 1921 four miles northeast of Chinandega, Nicaragua (type in
the American Museum of Natural History, New York) ; Peters, Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool., 69, p. 416, 1929 Lancetilla, Tela, and Progreso, Honduras
(crit.); van Rossem, Condor, 32, p. 303, 1930 (crit.); Swann, Monog.
Bds. Prey, 1, p. 436, 1930 (monog.); Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
84, p. 300, 1932 Cantarranas, Honduras; Griscom, Bull. Amer. Mus.
N. H., 64, p. 155, 1932 Guatemala (Finca Carolina, Finca El Cipres,
Finca El Espina, Puebla, Hacienda California, San Lucas); Bond, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 88, p. 356, 1936 Ruatan Island.
Asturina plagiata plagiata Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 90, 1922 Arizona, Texas,
and Mexico; Griscom, Amer. Mus. Nov., 235, p. 12, 1926 Palmul and
Acomal, eastern Yucatan; McLellan, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 16,
p. 20, 1927 Labrados, Sinaloa; Griscom and Crosby, Auk, 42, p. 535,
1928 Lomita, lower Rio Grande, Texas; Austin, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
69, p. 373, 1929 Belize, British Honduras; Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey,
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 159
1, p. 435, 1930 (monog.); van Rossem, Condor, 32, p. 303, 1930 (crit.);
Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 75, p. 373, 1934 Acapulco and Coyuca,
Guerrero; Bent, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 167, p. 264, 1937 (habits).
Asturina plagiata minor Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 90, 1922 Costa Rica and
Nicaragua (lapsus for A. p. micrus).
Asturina nitida plagiata Bangs and Peters, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 68, p.
388, 1928 Chivela and Tapanatepec, Oaxaca; Peters, Bds. World, 1,
p. 240, 1931 (range).
Asturina plagiata maxima van Rossem, Condor, 32, p. 303, Nov., 1930 San
Javier, Sonora (type in coll. of D. R. Dickey, in the University of Cali-
fornia, Los Angeles); idem, Trans. San Diego Soc. N. H., 6, p. 243, 1931
Sonora (San Javier, Saric, Chinobampo, Guirocoba, Magdalena).
Asturina nitida micrus Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 240, 1931 (range); Van Tyne,
Misc. Pub., Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., 27, p. 16, 1935 Chuntuquf, Pete"n,
Guatemala.
Buteo plagiatus maximus van Rossem, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 77, p. 429,
1934 Sonora (Alamos, San Rafael, Nacozari).
Buteo nitida micrus Wetmore, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 89, p. 532, 1941
Las Lajas, Guatemala; Traylor, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser., 24,
p. 203, 1941 Chichen Itza, Yucatan, and Matamoros, Campeche.
Buteo nitidus maximus van Rossem, Occ. Pap., Mus. Zool. Louisiana State
Univ., 21, p. 57, 1945 Sonora (distr.).
Range. Southern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and
southern Texas (lower Rio Grande Valley) south through Mexico
and Central America to northwestern Costa Rica (Gulf of Nicoya). 1
Field Museum Collection. 38: Arizona (Tucson, 1; Calabasas, 1);
Mexico (Camoa, Sonora, 2; Estancia, Sinaloa, 1; San Simon, Sinaloa,
1; Apatzingan, Michoacan, 3; Colima, 1; Matamoros, Campeche, 1;
1 Several attempts have been made to subdivide the Mexican Goshawk, but
on examining a very satisfactory series of nearly eighty specimens we fail to see
any justification in recognizing more than one form. To begin with, the gray
bars underneath in 5. n. micrus from Costa Rica and Nicaragua are neither broader
nor darker than in numerous Mexican examples. The tail markings, in the light
of the British Museum material, prove to be without any consequence, being
subject to much individual variation. In the very large Mexican series there
are but a few in which the second tail-band can be called complete, viz., in one
each from Sonora, Mazatlan, Tampico, Sierra Madre (above Ciudad Victoria),
Plan del Rio (Jalapa), and Yucatan (Peto), as well as in two from Nuevo Le6n.
In all the others, it is more or less incomplete; on the median rectrix it is often
merely suggested by an oval spot on each side of the shaft, such as in one from the
Plains of Colima, one from Sierra Madre (above Ciudad Victoria), one from
Yucatan, and two from Nuevo Leon. Only a few examples (Sonora, 1 ; Tampico, 1 ;
Nuevo Le6n, 1; Presidio de Mazatlan, 2) show traces of a third white bar at
the root of the tail. Among five Guatemalan skins, four have an incomplete
second band like the majority from Mexico, while the fifth has just a tiny oval
white spot near the shaft of the outer web, thus less than any other specimen
except some Ruatan birds. Of the so-called "micrus," one from Bebede'ro, Costa
Rica, has two complete white tail-bands and on the lateral rectrices indications
of a third near the base; two others, from La Libertad, Salvador, and Chinandega,
Nicaragua, respectively, likewise show a fairly well-marked second bar not quite
reaching the shaft; while one from San Emilio, Nicaragua, has but a limited central
160 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
Chichen Itzd, Yucatan, 2; Yucatan, 1; Escemapa, 1); Guatemala
(Escuintla, Escuintla, 1; Tiquisate, Escuintla, 1; Patulul, Solola, 1;
Gualan, Zacapa, 1; San Jose", 2); El Salvador (Laguna Olomega,
San Miguel, 2; Sitio del Ninio, La Libertad, 2; Sonsonate, Sonsonate,
1; San Sebastian, 1; Hacienda Zapatitan, 1); Honduras (Cofradia,
Cortes, 1; Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, 1); Nicaragua (San
Emilio, Rivas, 1); Costa Rica (Ballena, Guanacaste, 2; Bebedero,
Guanacaste, 2; Punta Piedra, Guanacaste, 1; Paquera, Nicoya, 1;
Las Agujas, 1).
*Buteo nitidus blakei nom. nov. 1 COSTA RICAN GOSHAWK.
Asturina nitida costaricensis (not Buteo borealis var. coslaricensis Ridgway,
1874) Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 90, Jan. 2, 1922 Pozo del Rio Grande,
"Bornea" (=Boruca), Costa Rica (type in Museum of Comparative
Zoology, Cambridge, Mass.); idem, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 434, 1930
Costa Rica to Panama (monog.); Darlington, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
71, p. 366, 1930 Rio Frio and Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia (crit.);
Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 240, 1931 southwestern Costa Rica to Panama;
Griscom, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 72, p. 314, 1932 Perme and Obaldia,
Panama; idem, I.e., 78, p. 299, 1935 Pacific slope of Panama (Veraguas,
Canal Zone, Darien); Davidson, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., (4), 23, p. 256,
1938 Barriles, Chiriquf, Panama.
spot involving both sides of the shaft, like a male from the Plains of Colima.
As to size, specimens from Nicaragua and northwestern Costa Rica are practically
the same as those from eastern Mexico (typical plagiata), while in the inhabitants
of western Mexico (Sonora to Tepic) there is a very slight tendency to larger dimen-
sions.
Five birds from Ruatan Island, off Honduras, have a lesser amount of white
in the tail than those from the continent, only one having an incomplete second
bar, like the majority from Mexico; two, a small oval white spot on each side
of the shaft, like the male from the Plains of Colima; and two others, just a faint
trace on the outer web near the shaft.
Wing measurements (adults). Males: Sonora, 250, 250, 254; Presidio de
Mazatlan, 250; Mazatlan, 245; Plain of Colima, 255, 260; near Guadalajara, Jalisco,
255; Santiago, Tepic, 250; Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, 250; Nuevo Leon (Rio Camacha,
Hacienda La Cruz), 250, 255, 260; Tamaulipas (Sierra Madre, above Ciudad
Victoria), 235, 260; Vera Cruz (Plan del Rio Jalapa, Laguna Verde), 245, 245,
250; Chiapas (Tuxtla, San Benito, Huehuetan), 240, 240, 242; Yucatan (Peto),
236, 240; Ruatan Island, Honduras, 240, 242; Guatemala (Chimalapa, San
Geronimo), 240, 250; La Libertad, Salvador, 243; Nicaragua (San Emilio, Chinan-
dega), 240, 243; Costa Rica (Nicoya), 247. Females: Presidio de Mazatlan, 275;
Mazatlan, 290; Manzanillo, Colima, 270; Nuevo Leon, 265, 265; Tamaulipas
(Tampico, Xicotencal, Sierra Madre), 270, 275, 275; Ruatan Island, off Honduras,
265, 270; Guatemala (Polochic River; Savanna Grande), 262, 268; Nicaragua
(Chinandega), 270; Costa Rica (Bebedero), 260.
1 Buteo nitidus blakei Hellmayr and Conover: Very similar to B. n. nitidus,
but somewhat darker above and below.
This rather questionable form is admitted on the authority of Darlington
and Griscom. The only two available specimens, both from the Panama Railroad,
we are unable to separate satisfactorily from the nominate race. We have no
material from western Ecuador. C.E.H.
Asturina nitida (not Falco nitidus Latham) (?)Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.,
28, p. 288, 1860 Babahoyo, western Ecuador; Lawrence, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. N. Y., 7, p. 316, 1861 Atlantic side of Panama; Sclater and Salvin,
Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 369 Panama Railroad; iidem, I.e., 1869,
p. 130 part, Panama and (?)western Ecuador; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit.
Mus., 1, p. 203, 1874 part, Panama; Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-
Amer., Aves, 3, p. 73, 1900 part, Panama; Bangs, Proc. New Eng.
Zool. Cl., 2, p. 15, 1900 Loma del Le6n, Panama; Allen, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 13, p. 129, 1900 Bonda, Santa Marta; Bangs, Auk, 24,
p. 290, 1907 El Pozo de TSrraba, Costa Rica; Carriker, Ann. Carnegie
Mus., 6, p. 459, 1910 El P6zo de Terraba, Costa Rica; Chapman, Bull.
Amer. Mus. N. H., 36, p. 243, 1917 part, Remolino, Magdalena; Stone,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 70, p. 249, 1918 Gatun, Panama.
Asturina nitida nitida Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part, Panama
and Colombia; Todd and Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 14, p. 153, 1922
Bonda, Don Diego, Mamatoco, and Dibulla, Santa Marta, Colombia.
Range. Southwestern Costa Rica (TeYraba Valley) south
through Panama to the lower Magdalena Valley and the Santa Marta
region, Colombia; (?)western Ecuador.
Field Museum Collection. 1 : Colombia (Caracolicito, Magdalena,
I)- 1
*Buteo nitidus nitidus (Latham). GUIANAN SHINING GOSHAWK.
Falco nitidus Latham, Ind. Orn., 1, p. 41, 1790 based on "Plumbeous Falcon"
Latham, Gen. Syn. Bds., Suppl., p. 37, Cayenne; Temminck, Nouv. Rec.
PI. Col., livr. 15, pis. 87 (adult), 294 (young), Oct., 1821 Guiana and
Brazil; Spix, Av. Spec. Nov. Bras., 1, p. 19, 1924 Island of Maraj6,
Brazil.
Asturia (sic) cinerea Vieillot, Anal. Nouv. Orn. Elem., p. 68, April, 1816
Guiana; idem and Oudart, Gal. Ois., 1, (1), pi. 20, 1820.
Astur striolatus Cuvier, Regne Anim., 1, p. 332, 1829 based on Temminck,
Nouv. Rec. PI. Col., pis. 87, 294, and Vieillot [and Oudart], Gal. Ois.,
1, (1), pi. 20.
Asturina nitida Cabanis, in Schomburgk, Reisen Brit. Guiana, 3, "1848,"
p. 737, 1849 coast of British Guiana; Pelzeln, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien,
12, pp. 140, 172, 1862 part, Cayenne, Borba, Barra do Rio Negro, and
Para; Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturinae, p. 1, 1862 Surinam and
Cayenne; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 80 Trinidad; Sclater and Salvin, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 589 northern side of Amazon; Pelzeln, Orn.
Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 part, Borba, Barra do Rio Negro, and Para, Brazil;
Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, pp. 169, 173 north coast
of Venezuela; iidem, I.e., 1869, p. 130 part, Bogota, Venezuela, Trinidad,
Cayenne, British Guiana, lower Amazon, Barra [do Rio Negro], and
Borba (monog.); Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 203, 1874 part,
1 This specimen is distinctly lighter than two adult skins from British Guiana
and a series from Amazonian Brazil. Therefore it is exactly opposite to the
description given by Swann but agrees with Darlington's remarks on birds from
Santa Marta, the type and two other skins from Costa Rica. B.C.
162 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ZOOLOGY, VOL. XIII
spec, d-f, north side of Amazon, Caracas, and Demerara; Allen, Bull.
Essex Inst., 8, p. 82, 1876 Santarem; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 72 British
Guiana; Riker and Chapman, Auk, 8, p. 161, 1891 Santarem, Brazil;
Salvadori and Festa, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, 15, No. 368, p. 30, 1900
Gualaquiza, Ecuador; Berlepsch and Hartert, Nov. Zool., 9, p. 113,
1902 Suapure", Caura, Venezuela; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 13, p. 382,
1906 Santo Antonio do Prata, Para; Ihering, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 90,
1907 (range in part); Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 14, p. 89, 1907 Teffe, Rio
Solimoes, Brazil; Berlepsch, I.e., 15, p. 292, 1908 Cayenne; Stone,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 65, p. 194, 1913 Boca Uracoa, Manimo
River, Venezuela; Snethlage, Bol. Mus. Goeldi, 8, p. 131, 1914 Para,
Peixe-Boi, Arapiranga, Maraj6 (Pacoval, Dunas), and Maranhao; Cherrie,
Sci. Bull., Mus. Brookl. Inst., 2, p. 344, 1916 Caicara, Orinoco, Vene-
zuela; Chubb, Bds. Brit. Guiana, 1, p. 237, 1916 Annai, Upper Takutu
Mountains, Mazaruni River, and Abary River; Chapman, Bull. Amer.
Mus. N. H., 36, p. 243, 1917 part, Villavicencio and Barrigon, eastern
Colombia; Stone, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 80, p. 154, 1928 Para.
Astur nitidus Le"otaud, Ois. Trinidad, p. 46, 1866 Trinidad.
Asturina nitida nitida Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 17, p. 411, 1910 Borba, Rio
Madeira; idem, Abhandl. Math.-phys. Kl. Bayr. Akad. Wiss., 26, No. 2,
pp. 77, 96, 1912 Para and Santo Antonio, Para; Bangs and Penard,
Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62, p. 36, 1918 vicinity of Paramaribo, Surinam;
Swann, Syn. List Accip., p. 55, 1919 part, Amazonia and Guiana; idem,
Syn. Accip., p. 89, 1922 part, Amazonia, Ecuador, Guiana, and Colombia;
Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 55, p. 231, 1926 Zamora, Ecuador;
Swann, Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 432, 1930 part, Amazonia, Ecuador,
Guiana, and Colombia; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 241, 1931 (in part);
Belcher and Smooker, Ibis, 1934, p. 591 Trinidad (nest and eggs descr.);
Roberts, Trop. Agric., 11, p. 89, 1934 Caroni Swamp, Trinidad.
Range. Island of Trinidad, Venezuela west to the eastern base
of the East Colombian Andes (Villavicencio, Barrigon), and eastern
Ecuador; the Guianas; Amazonian Brazil east to the wooded region
of northern Maranhao. 1
Field Museum Collection. 19: Colombia (Quename, Llanos del
Meta, 1); Venezuela (Lake Valencia, Carabobo, 1; Cocollar, Sucre, 1);
Trinidad (unspecified, 1); British Guiana (Rockstone, 1; Buxton, 1;
unspecified, 1); Brazil (Serra da Lua, Rio Branco, 1; Labrea, Rio
Purus, 1; Canutama, Rio Purus, 1; Itacoatiara, Amazonas, 2;
Igarape Aniba, Amazonas, 2; Lago do Baptista, Amazonas, 1;
Utinga, Para, 1; Caxiricatuba, Rio Tapajoz, 1; Obidos, Para, 2).
1 Birds from Para, the lower Rio Madeira (Borba), and the lower Rio Purus
agree perfectly with others from Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad, and "Bogota."
Additional material examined. Colombia: "Bogota," 2. Venezuela: Maracay,
Lake of Valencia, 5; unspecified, 1. Trinidad: Icacos, 1. British Guiana: Upper
Takutu Mountains, 1 ; Mazaruni River, 1; Demerara, 1. French Guiana: Cayenne,
2. Brazil: Para, 1; Santo Antonio do Prata, Para, 1; north side of Amazon, 1;
Borba, Rio Madeira, 1.
1949 BIRDS OF THE AMERICAS HELLMAYR AND CONOVER 163
*Buteo nitidus pallidus (Todd). 1 SOUTHERN SHINING GOSHAWK.
Asturina nitida pallida Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 28, p. 170, Nov. 29,
1915 Rio Surutu, Bolivia (type in the Carnegie Museum); Swann, Syn.
List Accip., p. 55, 1919 Bolivia; Hellmayr, Nov. Zool., 28, p. 184, 1921
Chiquitos, Bolivia (crit.); Swann, Syn. Accip., p. 90, 1922 Bolivia; idem,
Monog. Bds. Prey, 1, p. 433, 1930 lower Beni River, Bolivia; Laubmann,
Wiss. Erg. Deuts. Gran Chaco Exp., Vogel, p. 103, 1930 Monte Grande,
Santa Cruz, Bolivia; Peters, Bds. World, 1, p. 241, 1931 eastern Bolivia;
Gyldenstolpe, K. Svensk. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., (3), 23, p. 52, 1945
Bolivia (Bresta, El Beni).
Falco striolatus (not Astur striolatus Cuvier) Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras., 3,
(1), p. 209, 1830 Estiva, eastern Brazil.
Astur nitidus (not Falco nitidus Latham) d'Orbigny, Voy. Amei. Mend., Ois.,
p. 95, 1835 Chiquitos, Bolivia; Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny, Syn. Av. f
1, in Mag. Zool., 7, cl. 2, p. 5, 1837 Chiquitos; Burmeister, Syst. Uebers.
Th. Bras., 2, p. 68, 1855 Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro.
Asturina nitida Pelzeln, Verb. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, pp. 140, 172, 1862
part, Cuyaba, Caigara, and Araguay, Brazil (soft parts); idem, Orn.
Bras., 1, p. 3, 1868 part, same localities; Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool.
Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 130 part, Cuyaba, Araguay, and "southeastern
Brazil"; Sharpe, Cat. Bds. Brit. Mus., 1, p. 203, 1874 part, spec, b, c,
Bahia; Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. H., 2, p. 104, 1889 lower Beni River,
Bolivia; idem, I.e., 5, p. 142, 1893 Chapada, Matto Grosso; Ihering, Rev.
Mus. Paul., 4, p. 162, 1900 Cantagallo and Nova Friburgo, Rio de
Janeiro; idem, Cat. Faun. Braz., 1, p. 90, 1907 part, Matto Grosso,
Bahia, and Rio de Janeiro; Reiser, Denks. Math.-Naturw. Kl. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, 76, p. 90, 1910 Piauhy (Pedrinha; Lag5a do Rio Fundu,
below Sao Miguel, Rio Parnahyba); Grant, Ibis, 1911, p. 331 Puerto
Maria, Paraguay; Dabbene, Bol. Soc. Physis, 2, p. 428, 1916 Las Palmas,
Chaco.
Asturina nitida nitida Swann, S 
